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Box Office Prediction: 'Act of Valor' Will Take the Box Office By ForceBox Office By Jeremy Kirk on February 23, 2012 | Be the First To Comment
Four new movies are hitting theaters this weekend, all of them fixed with their own pros and cons. In one corner, we have Amanda Seyfried, Jennifer Aniston, and Tyler Perry. In the other corner, we have the Navy SEALs. It's not a fair fight no matter how you look at it. All four spark with different demographics, as well, making for an interesting melting pot of genres, varying star power, and even a little bit of brand loyalty. This weekend comes down to which of these films had the best resonance with its marketing, and one of these films clearly has the edge over the others. Yes, guns and live ammunition help.
Prepare to Be Confused By the Cast for Tyler Perry's 'Madea's Witness Protection'Casting Couch By Scott Beggs on January 30, 2012 | Comments (1)
Apparently Madea owns her own Witness Protection Program now, which is weird because cross-dressing in a fat suit didn't exactly make Tyler Perry anonymous. According to The Hollywood Reporter, the incredibly successful writer/director/producer is continuing his Madea legacy with Madea's Witness Protection, and it will inexplicably feature Denise Richards as the wife of Eugene Levy. Levy will co-star as an investment manager who is forced into witness protection after massive wrong-doing at his company. Fish out of water style, the uppity, rich Connecticut dweller will be forced into the sweaty South of Madea's neighborhood. If it sounds like an episode of Family Guy, that's because it pretty much is. No doubt, everyone will learn valuable lessons about acceptance and Perry will make valuable amounts of money while screaming at people and waving a gun around. The project, which also features Romeo Miller, will most likely shoot this year for a 2013 release. Fortunately, Perry will be in theaters next month in Good Deeds where he plays a rich guy who falls for a single mom just before he's supposed to get married, and he'll take up the mantle as iconic detective Alex Cross in I, Alex Cross which sees theaters in November. Just like any year, it's going to be a big year for Tyler Perry. Jokes aside, he's found a niche that works, and he's used his powers this time around to let a middle-aged Jewish comedian play husband to the girl in the Wild Things threesome. Fiction at […]
Neil Miller
Scott Beggs
Rob Hunter
Kate Erbland
Christopher Campbell


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Avan Jogia Talks Twisted: On Manipulation, Love Triangling and More!by Leigh Raines at . Comments
Only one episode remains on Twisted Season 1 - and in anticipation of Tuesday's finale, we caught up with the show's main star himself, Avan Jogia.
What can we expect from Jo and Lacey? Danny's manipulation? And the other developments hanging over the heads of various characters?
Lots of young viewers, including my nieces and nephews, know Jogia as Beck from Victorious, a series that was an upbeat comedy on Nickelodeon... and Twisted is definitely the opposite. It involves murder, manipulation and the portrayal for Jogia of someone who could be a sociopath.
That's quite the adjustment.
"Danny's a great manipulator," the star said. "There's always a reason he's playing a certain side."
Avan has been able to bring a lot of empathy to the role of a teenager who spent five years in jail for murdering his aunt. His motive behind the killing? Just one of the many mysteries of the show. Another huge aspect of the drama has been Danny's triangle with his two childhood best friends, Jo (Madelaine Hasson) and Lacey (Kylie Bunbury).
Now that the trio is older, romantic entanglements have entered the picture. At the moment Danny only has eyes for Lacey, but insists on protecting Jo as a little sister. Might there be more to the Danny/Jo relationship? Jogia confirmed that there was "more scope" and it was definitely part of a bigger plot of wanting to protect Jo. We should keep an eye on his aunt's past murder. He is indeed protecting Jo from a certain truth.
As far as Jogia's own opinion of the heated love triangle, he doesn't understand how people can make it such a fight: "I find it interesting that it's such a heated debate. Danny's main goal is always to bring the three of them together."
In summary, this is a show much like Pretty Little Liars where you need to keep an eye on everyone. No one is completely innocent.
"The show presents suspicion to everyone's character. Things that are devious are often hiding in plain sight."
Tune in to the Twisted finale next Tuesday on ABC Family at 9 p.m.
Leigh Raines is a TV Fanatic Staff Writer. Follow her on Twitter.Tags: Exclusives, Interviews, Twisted
eu amo o Avan jogia ele e talentoso lindo e tudo de bom pra ele
It is not the season 1 finale. It is the summer finale like they have with Pretty Little Liars!
I also think that Jo could be the sociopath who's been manipulating Lacey and Danny all along. It would explain why Jo has never doubted Danny's innocence and would also suggest that she knew about Danny and Lacey and was trying to make Lacey feel guilty by acting like the better friend. If that were the case, then I'd actually forgive the writers for constantly trying to make Jo appear to be the saint. And since I'm on a roll with crazy predictions, I'll also add that I don't think Archie framed Danny, but I think he's being set up to make it look that way. Something happened that made Archie go from feeling sympathy towards Danny to wanting to completely throw him under the bus at the trial, which makes me think he's being manipulated too.
Danny's main goal is to bring the three of them together." Hmn I really don't know about that, you are going to change the friendship dynamics when you start sleeping with one of them. That lierally ruined everything. Plus why didn't he tell Jo at the very beginning that he was interested in Lacey? Isn't Jo supposed to be his best friend? C'mon, he tried to kiss Lacey in the pilot, he knew there was something more than friendship right from he start. In my opinion, all of this drama would have been avoided if he had just confessed to Jo he liked Lacey from the start. Now he''ll probably want to pursue Jo and there won't be much of a friendship left when he's done messing around wih both of them. Unless the girls move on, they will never be 100% friends. Even if they get along, secretly, they will always be frenemies.
This line is such a terrific clue: "Things that are devious are often hiding in plain sight." It makes me think that anyone can be a criminal or sociopath, even the person you least suspect. And that includes even Jo or Lacey. I wonder if the knowledge Danny is protecting Jo from is that she played a role in killing Tara? That goes a step beyond the theory that maybe Danny is protecting Jo because she's related to him. Cannot wait for the mid-finale episode for more reveals and more clues!!! Oh, and Dacey better get back together soon -- epic couple in the making right there!
Wish there was more info but great interview regardless! It would be cool to see more of Danny's manipulative side going forward as that's part of what sets Danny's character apart - Avan does an amazing job playing him. I also understand Avan's confusion -- its not really a triangle when Danny and Lacey clearly have romantic feelings for each other and Danny treats Jo like a sister (not sure where you get "little" from - they're the same age aren't they?) and even states to another guy (Tyler) that "she's like my sister." Once Jo gets over her crush, its obvious that there are two very different relationships at play.

subset: commoncrawl


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Home for Sale in Warner Robins GA, Kensington Subdivision – Jan13
This 3,164sq ft single-story home in the Kensington Subdivision is now available on the Warner Robins real estate market. Listed at only $239,900, this home for sale in Warner Robins GA 31088 was built in 2007 and is only 20 minutes from Robins AFB.
Located at 202 Northumberland Way, this Kensington Subdivision all-brick home has 5BR and 3BA. The eat-in kitchen has stainless steel appliances, two ovens, under cabinet lighting, corain countertops, tile backsplash, and tile flooring. There is laminate flooring in the L/R and D/R, gas log fireplace, oil rubbed bronze fixtures throughout, a screened porch, patio, sprinkler system, and privacy fence. Close proximity to amenities and schools, all with cul-de-sac living.
The Houston County Public Schools for this Warner Robins home are Lake Joy Elementary, Feagin Mill Middle, and Houston County High School.
If you can envision your family calling this Kensington Subdivision property your home, call me at (478) 960-8055 so we can get you in for a preview. As always, visit Homes for Sale in Warner Robins GA to view a complete list of Warner Robins Real Estate.


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We'd love to hear from you with any questions, suggestions or really good drinking stories.. We will respond as soon as possible. Cheers!
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Press inquires should be directed to firstname.lastname@example.com or by phone at 707 893 7748.
2011 Holiday Gift Guide, Imbibe Magazine, November/December 2011
All American Collegiate Tailgate, Gilt Taste Entertaining 2011, pp. 7-9
Spit Bucket launches with online retailer, announces new partnerships, Napa Valley Register, August 18, 2011
Spit Bucket: wine accessories with a twist, Napa Valley Register, August 9, 2011
Spit Bucket, Inc. Introduces Line of Wine and Barware Designs, Wines and Vines, July 2011
GAL APPROVED: The Best Wines for Summer June 2011
Designing A Future, Culinary Institute of America, May 2011
A Skype-ly Interlude, Wine Biz Radio, April 2011
Greece: Sun, Sand, Sea and So Much More, Forbes Special Section, October 2009
Wine Design Company Spit Bucket Expands Sustainability and Corporate Philanthropy April 2012
Spit Bucket President Jen Amis Featured as Guest Speaker at Wine Sisterhood Gathering in Napa Valley Feburary 2012
Spit Bucket Launches New Wine Barware and Home Decor Products at the New York International Gift Fair January 2012
Wine Design Firm, Spit Bucket, Inc., Splashes Into the New Year with New Appointments December 2011
Napa Valley's Spit Bucket Inc. Announces Black Friday Holiday Gift Specials for Wine and Food Lovers: Essential Salt Kit, Essential Wine Kit and Essential Host Kit November 2011
Innovative Winemakers in California's Napa Valley Work with Design Company Spit Bucket's Branding Services for Unique and Original Wine Labels October 2011
New Wine Designs Company Spit Bucket Launches with Gilt Taste and Announces New Partnerships with Three Blind Ants and Chefwords August 2011
Spit Bucket, Inc. of Napa Valley Introduces Line of Wine and Barware Designs July 2011
We'd love to hear from you with any questions, suggestions or really good drinking stories.. We will respond as soon as possible. Cheers!
Spit Bucket develops products for those who enjoy fine wine and fine design. Our products are developed from the mindset that wine should be fun and approachable. [and it doesn't hurt to be a little bit pretty as well]
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The Mass BikePike Tour
We're growing an changing. The Mass BikePike Tour is
now the Cycle Massachusetts. And instead of riding just 4 days, you have
an option to ride 2, 4 or 7 days.
The new web site is still under construction, but if you want to take a look or
even register right now, go to www.CycleMA.org.
And like our new
Facebook page too.
Bring all your friends!
What do you think of when you go for a ride? What do you think of when
looking for a tour? We think it's more than just going from point A to point B.
We think it's about scenic, well-marked routes through quaint New England towns,
farms and forests, lakes and rivers. We think it's also about smelling the
flowers, lingering at lunch, eating ice cream, making new friends, taking a
plunge into a pond, buying fruit from a farm, watching a sunset, pedaling at
your own pace, climbing a mountain if you want, recharging, rekindling and
chasing a dream. Welcome to the Mass BikePike Tour; a 4 day event that
celebrates cycling in Massachusetts.
With experience dating back to 2007, we are
dedicated to differentiating ourselves from other tours. Over the years, we
have tweaked and tinkered, added and adjusted and are proud to call ourselves
"The Friendliest Ride in the East".
For 2014, the Mass BikePike Tour starts and near Ayer, MA. The route will
take us through the quaint towns of Whitinsville, Barre and Winchendon before
heading back to the start. Along with the beautiful scenery, you can look
forward to the climb to the top of Purgatory Chasm and we're working on an
optional special format ride for those looking for a new kind of challenge.
A few quick notes
Registration begins on December 15th with discounted registration through the
end of February.
Tour riding dates are August 7th – 10th
The Mass BikePike Tour is limited to
150 riders.
Your registration includes luggage transport, most meals, camping privileges. and a tour t-shirt.
We also include camping on Wed., August 6th for those who arrive early.
This is a camping tour. Optional motel/B&B and Camptel* (tent set up
service) options are available. Please refer to the
Ride Planning page for more information.
We offer two routes each day. The shorter routes are
between 30 and 45 miles and the longer routes are between 45
and 70 miles. Riders who want to shorten their distance can use our
unique "Head Start Drop-Off" service that allows you to start up to 20 miles
into the route.
We provide hearty breakfasts and
catered dinners each day and strive to serve the best of what is local.
The tour is fully supported with
cues, arrows, sag vehicles, rest stops and staff.
Transportation to and from the
start is also available. See the
Sign Up page for more information.
Please contact us, 7 days a week,
with any questions you may have.
Looking to volunteer? Click
* Tent service is provided by Comfy Campers. . Please visit their
website at (www.comfycampers.info)
for all your tent service needs.
Registration is limited to 150 cyclists.
Registration closes on July 20th
Register Today
Thank you to our
Click here to view our list of supporters
and all those that have made this possible.


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Despite public confidence that SQL Server 2008 would ship by the end of June, Microsoft indicated it probably is more likely to arrive toward the end of the year.
Microsoft will release SQL Server 2008 to manufacturing in the third quarter, Francois Ajenstat, Microsoft's director of SQL Server project management, said Friday in a blog posting.
"Our goal is to deliver the highest quality product possible and we simply want to use the time to meet the high bar that you, our customers, expect," he wrote. "Over the coming months, customers and partners can look forward to significant product milestones for SQL Server."
A key milestone, he wrote, will be a CTP with all of the features intended for SQL Server, to be released in the second quarter. The final release to manufacturing (RTM) candidate will be released in the third quarter.
Observers were not surprised by the latest delay. "The last couple of CTPs were late and the idea that we're now only five months away from release seemed far-fetched," said Andrew Brust, chief of new technology at the consultiancy of TwentySix New York in an e-mail.
Brust, who also runs the New York .NET User Group, adds that he had been telling people that SQL Server would be pushed back at least once. "There's no point in pushing this out the door before it's ready, especially when the financial results announced yesterday are so good," he added. "September 30 is fine. And for that matter, so would be end-of-year. Only real egg on their face is that the 'launch' of the product is next month."
Ajenstat wrote that the delay will have no impact on the Feb. 27 launch event.
Proposals for articles and tips for news stories, as well as questions and comments about this publication, should be submitted to David Nagel, executive editor, at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Drug Ratings for NICORETTE
Average Rating: 2.7 (671 Ratings)
Compare NICORETTE with similar:
Results are sorted by Date Rating Was Added
Key to Ratings: 1=LOW (I would not recommend taking this medicine.)
Charts & graphs: Reviews Summary for NICORETTE | Top 10 Adverse Effects (reported to FDA)
|quit smoking
|Elevated blood pressure, extreme agitation, mood swings, anxiety and panic attacks. Decreased cognitive ability and memory issues. Loss of labido and sexual feeling. Yellowing of teeth perhaps due to enamel loss. Cystic acne. Lack of motivation, depression, very quick temper, dulling skin, crapiness around eyes and extreme dark circles.
|Horribly addictive! I wouldn't recommend using this product. The manufacturers of this products should be sued!
|8 months
10 mg
|To stop smoking
|No side effects
|The gum has probably saved my life. I don't blame my other conditions on the gum, I think that would be ridiculous.
|7 years
|Energy. Increase strength at gym.
|Mood swings and depression. Tolerance develop rapidly.
|On the #22 review. The person said, "I dont believe for one second they are more addictive than actual cigarettes. The amount of fake nicotine is much lower than that in actual cigarettes. I think most issues could be traced to the length of usage instead of the actual product." Hello?? Fake nicotine? Nicorette contains "fake" nicotine? So did we get ripped off the whole time...that the only boost we got was from the sugar? Good to know. Now we can save a lot of money and just use regular sugar gums to quit smoking. And the amount (of nicotine in Nicorette) is less than smoking. What? If you read through the review, it really sounded like Nicorette hired someone to write such a review.
|10 months
4mg x 5
|To stop smoking
|Hair loss, spots of blood under my skin on my forearms, chest pains, high blood pressure, numbness in arms and feet when sleeping,
|When you smoke a pack of low tar and nicotine cigarettes it is 15 mgs a day for the whole pack. You only absorb 10 % when inhaled. So that equals 1.5 mgs of nicotine for the whole day. If you take 4 mg lozenges up to recommended dosage limit of 24 tablets. That equals 96 mg a day of nicotine. This stuff is poison ! Someone needs to get it out of the stores. Total Garbage !
|2 years
4mg 1X H
|Stop smoking.
|None untill TODAY Rapid heart beat not taking them again after reading all this on top,
|At first thought they were great I am now on day 12 but I didn't have any gum earlier and had 1 cig in 12 days didn't like it and craved the gum more which I found odd....anyways got some more gum and ended up having one after the other without thinking about it so two in an hour and my heart raced so much nothing could calm it down lasted 20 mins was very scary and was pounding so hard i made my friend feel it who looked quite shocked! Also noticed before all that i was becoming a bit twitchy and jittery most days thought i was just withdrawl from smoking but reading others posts i'm beginning to think not! Helped me get past the first 12 days won't be taking anymore will just have to deal with the insomnia!
|12 days
4mg 7X D
|to get over smoking withdrawal
|Bloating,stomache distention and increased heart-rate.
|Thinking about quitting the gum soon
|4 months
4mg x10pc
|to quit smoking
|Terrible hair loss. If I quit the gum does your hair grow back?
|2 months
|to quit smoking
|vein walls weakening causing internal bleeding
|120 days
|quit smoking
|Probably some bad breath. My teeth are fine as far as I know. But my hair has gotten a little thinner and is falling out too easily and i've only used around 20 of them, and I try not to swallow too much when I use it.
|This sounds common but its not listed as a side effect, and it has been around for a pretty long time, I dont understand. I should probably not touch my hair for a couple days? Im not gonna use the gum anymore since im getting some hair loss from such little use.
|25 times
2mg 1X D
|had to stop smoking health problems
|burning scalp and numbness but the worst symptom hair loss
|3 years
4mg 5X D
|I never smoked. 1st piece was accidental - such a wonderful boost in mood and energy I became addicted. Every time I manage to quit I get terrible depression about 2 weeks off it. The depression is alleviated as soon as chew the first piece. I believe it's causing my gums to recede and hair loss.
|Please don't start taking this. If you smoke, use the patches or quit cold turkey. I have had the best results getting off the gum by using the patches for some reason.
|14 years
2mg 10X D
|To stop smoking
|My vitamin D levels dropped through the floor and the result of that was massive hair loss. I then got tooth decay, even though I'm very thorough with my teeth hygiene. In the last two years I have had 3 teeth removed and I'm about to lose a fourth. Six months ago I was diagnosed with heart muscle problems. The Cardiologist is baffled as to what is causing this. He believes its connected to my constant battle with low vitamin D. I'm still undergoing a mountain of tests. I am a 40 year old female, normally very fit. I'm a mountaineer, climber and TT cyclist. I'm slim and since giving up smoking have good lung output. I am totally and utterly addicted to Nicoreete gum.
|My husband gave up smoking without assistance. I needed something and used nicorette gum. Worst thing I ever put in my mouth. I am more addicted to this gum than I ever was to cigarettes. I only used to smoke 5 a day. I have 10 of the gums a day and its going up.
|3 years
2mg 10X D
|Patch to ease withdrawl symptoms
|Sore throat, runny nose, post nasal drip, eye twitch (trying to rule this out as I am a gamer), sneezing more often
|2 days
Step 2
|to quit smoking cigarette
|When i decided to quit smoking, i immediately researched ways to quit without gaining weight. I know, it's vain and truslt me i feel awful about obsessing about my weight for so many years of my life without giving a thought to my health, safety and general well being. So in an effort to avoid weight gain, i started chewing the gum and it worked well until i became addicted to it. Initially i would reward myelf with a piece after a long day of work or a study session. As a medical student aware of the risks involved, i ignored the increased cravings i exoerienced for the gum and just kept buying it. Weeks turned into months into years and to this day i still cant stop chewing the gum. Ive been overseas to third world countries and worked with children who barely had food, water. And still on these very Trips i came prepared with my gum and chewed it shamefully. I know the physical addiction to the gum is related to the sugar content as well which makes it even more addictive. I am now insulin resistant and wonder if the use of sugar all day has contributed to this. I am thinner than ever, which whoopdeedoo was my goal. But i feel horribly guilty about the money i spend on my addiction not to mention the root canals and current medical expenses, i feel pathetic and really cant stand what i have done and continue to do to myself. I think about all the money i could have donated to start medical clinics or at least donate supplies. Its just a shame. If youre reading this.and
|6 years
|quit smoking
|Terrible gas, heartburn, & sour stomach. Dry mouth & bad breath. Just didn't feel well most of the time but couldn't put my finger on why. Hypersensitive teeth.
|For someone who is prone to addiction, the lozenges are extremely difficult to quit. I have been cigarette-free for 2 years (I smoked and took the lozenges for the first 3 years), so it did help me accomplish that. The problem is that I ended up loving the lozenges more than the cigarettes. They are so much more convenient and much harder for me to quit! I was taking way more than I needed to simply because I could. I had to reach a "rock bottom" physically and mentally - I just felt so sick and depressed all the time, my teeth ached and the flatulence was unspeakably disgusting. I never told doctors or dentists about the habit because it was my dirty little secret I didn't want anyone to take away! But deep down I knew what it was doing to me. I quit the lozenges about a month ago after finding this website and reading the comments and side effects. It literally scared me straight. I went to an herbalist for stress/adrenal support supplements because of course your system will crash once you take away the nicotine. I have been chewing a lot of gum to help with the oral fixation.
|5 years
4 mg 10X D
|quit smoking
|mouth sores
|very expensive and addictive
|2 years
|Curb desire to smoke
|I use 2 - 3 2mg tablets per day--usually breaking them in half using every few hours. Smoking was always about self-medication and helped me out of a propensity to experience depression. Now, I use Nicorette as an anti-depressant without any major negative side effects. I use a very low dose though. It releases just enough dopamine to put me in that "feel right" place. I recently experienced 2 cavities--I don't know if it is due to deeper grooves in my molars or if Nicorette has a role. I'm just going to add more Listerine, flossing water and Trident gum to my day--hope that'll help.
|SSRIs may be overkill in treating some forms of mood disorders--nicotine and caffeine have helped me greatly and been inexpensive. I need just a low dose though--if you're using more than 10 tablets a day (even 2mg but esp. 4 mg) perhaps a drug like wellbutrin is a better solution for you.
|10 years
2mg 3X D
|Stop Smoking
|Terrible gas, upset stomach, anxiety, overall sense of feeling like "something" is wrong with me, mouth and tongue sores, hyper-sensitive teeth.
|This stuff is more addictive than cigarettes and I've never had flatulence like this. Non-Stop Stinkbombs... :-(
|2 months
2mg 10X D
|To quit smoking
|Anxiety, tiredness, hair loss, dry mouth, tooth decay.
|4 years
|quit smoking
|MASSIVE HAIR LOSS! HOT FLASHES. FINGER NAIL THINNING. A sudden chill like feeling through my body and especially on my scalp.
|I started this gum and then quit....only to pick up again right after my mom past away in 2012. I would NOT recommend to even start it. I am now more addicted to it than I was smoking! One thing that made me want to SUDDENLY QUIT was I had massive hair loss. Along with a lot of other symptoms. Then I decided to link the two together and I googled it only to see MANY OTHER PEOPLE are also saying the same thing. One day, I will see those commericals that ask "have you ever chewed Nicorette Gum?" Did you have hair loss? Then call this number......"
|5 years
4mg 10X D
|replaced snuff
|1. bone spur--required elbow operation to remove 2. stretched ACL & MCL in hiking accident--healing took 2X time vs. ortho surgeon diagnosis 3. hi blood pressure--kept going higher, even after starting Lisinopril (had to double Lisinopril dosage); frequent nose bleeds 4. hair loss in shower, when combing 5. all kinds of tongue sores, teeth sensitivity, horrible metal taste in mouth--gums & teeth just don't feel "right"--found myself skipping brushing teeth in morning, just to make the first nicotine buzz of the day more effective 6. new joint pains never before experienced--in finger, toes, & knees--some "dead" spots, like nerve problems on top of right big toe & foot (never had this before) 7. breathing difficulty--had to take Bronkcaid first thing in morning
|After a very sore tongue last week, I decided to just stop this nicotine stuff cold turkey. Something has to just "kick in" in your brain to stop on-the-spot. It's the same as when you tell yourself you'll start back exercising TODAY, and then you just do it. I quit tobacco once before around 20 years ago...I can't believe I got hooked on nicotine again. Around a year ago, I tried this 4MG gum & realized the buzz was better than snuff & I switched. Something in the back of my mind always knew this stuff wasn't really good for me, but I never added up all the symptoms and analyzed them analytically. Right there on the box, they say stop after 12 weeks...but nooo, I kept going--just like everybody else on this blog. Then--7 whole days ago--the switch flipped for me, and I said to myself, "to hell with this"! And I just stopped--cold turkey. Stopping like that brought the situation to the forefront of my consciousness, obviously. And on day #3, I discovered this blog. Wow! Once I faced the fact that I was saturating myself with this stuff, I began to investigate it on the internet. And I stumbled onto this blog--just like you did. Then I began to think about all my symptoms over the past year--which had never been a problem for me in the past--and I was able to make the conscious connections. If you are reading this--you are obviously thinking about it too. You need to stop--right now! Just go flush it all down the toilette, so yo
|1 years
|To quit smoking
|1. High Blood appeared after 2 years of use. My BMI is 22 and I have a good physic. I eat good and no junk food at all. The only reason I can find is these gums. 2. Sensitive teeth. Perhaps enamel eroded because of continuous chewing. 3. Dehydration and dry mouth. Always in need of water. 4. Increased motility of intestines ( looser stools). 5. Totally addicted to the gums. 7. Tinnitus (Not sure if Gum is the culprit) and its very painful.
|OF all the side effects, its hypertension which worries me most now. I have a good physic, and I exercise regularly. My weight is 70 kilos at 5'8". I should never have a high blood pressure problem, It does not even run in the family. Only these gums can be the culprit.
|2 years
2mg 1X H
|Stop Smoking
|Used to quit smoking, Teeth Destroyed. $20000.00 worth of work needed....removed enamel and punished the teeth, pain throughout my mouth. Implants and extractions to take away the pain.
|Long Term Use Has Consequences. Know them, even if they don't tell you about them, or do a "forbidden" study.
|18 years
2 mg 10X D
|Cut back my smoking
|Becoming hooked on 4mg lozenges
|Love my lozenges and i smoke 20-25 menthol cigarettes a day still. Nicorettes helped me cut back from 50-60 a day, but god I need them now!
|7 years
4mg 7X D
|To stop smoking
|I have experienced some minor mouth sores. Nothing too painful or extensive
|I have read a ton of negative reviews. I also noticed that most of the negative reviews were posted by people who have used the product incorrectly. I was a light smoker, smoking fewer than 10 cigarettes a day but I really wanted to quit. The mini lozenges have been so helpful in helping me do it! I have followed the recommendations on the package and am on step three of weening myself off of them. They arent designed for you to be on them for years. They are designed to be on for 12 weeks. I have been on them for 8 weeks and I havent noticed anything major. I have had 2 canker sores which I believe the lozenge has caused but that is minor in comparison to what smoking can cause me. Im grateful that I had this product available to me. I dont believe for one second they are more addictive than actual cigarettes. The amount of fake nicotine is much lower than that in actual cigarettes. I think most issues could be traced to the length of usage instead of the actual product.
|8 weeks
4mg 3X D
|to quit smoking
|Hair has turned dry and brittle and just falls out constantly, had all tests done but everything came back fine, it has to be this!!
|Can anyone tell me how long it will be tilll hair goes back to normal, have been nicotine free for 8 days now
|2 years
|stop smoking
|facial blisters, aging skin, gallbladder removal, canker sores I never had before.
|Don't use it! Just cut down on smoking and you'll quit. 3 doctors can't diagnose my facial outbreaks, now they think its herpes simplex 1. I had perfect skin before.
|10 years
|To stop smoking.
|I can't get off of them! I have COPD and would die quickly if I ever start smoking again. My teeth are rotten and they look like I'm on crack. Not to mention the cost!
|5 years
1+boxes wk
|To stop smoking cravings
|Increased motility of intestines (ie looser stools and diarrhea), smelly gas, cramping, unquenchable cravings for more nicotine, flu-like symptoms at times, thinning of hair (may or may not be related), sensitive teeth (may/may not be related)
|I've mainly been using the Target brand cherry 2mg lozenges. I have used the Nicorette brand as well. It's all the same to me, my body. I started a new job a few months ago and was scared because of my farting problem, plus the squirts that I get often, especially when having coffee 1-2 times a day. I should mention I have IBS and am lactose intolerant. Also, I've had SIBO in the past. If you have IBS, please get off nicotine gum/lozenges. You will feel much better. I cut down yesterday and already feel better. Took my last half of a lozenge an hour ago, then I'm done. Sheesh, what an addictive habit this has been!! Hope I don't develop cancer from the crap in these things that's been accumulating in my body. Good luck!!!!!!
|3 years
2mg 1X H
|Stop smoking for the birth of my ci
|Raised blood pressure; symptoms of type 2 diabetes that came to light 4 years ago. Sudden aging of skin, loss of teeth
|Symptoms of diabetes e.g high blood sugar levels diminished effectively by dietary control - complete omission of refined sugar. GP assured me long term use of nicotine chewing gum would have no harmful effect in the long term and that its use not related to elevated blood sugar levels. Subsequent to ceasing taking nicorettes completely (which required a near super-human effort) all type 2 symptoms have vanished with the support of evidence from regular bold tests. When I started taking nicorettes there was no advice on long term effects. According to what I have read recently there is an absence of definitive research on its effects over time especially if the 'recommended' usage period is exceeded. In my opinion nicorettes are very highly addictive and appear to have profoundly affected my life by the presentation of type 2 symptoms. The GPs I have spoken to over many years appear to be quite ignorant of the addictive and pharmaceutical potential effects. I bitterly regret having spent so much money on the product over such a long time. Quite scandalous when I think about it.
4mg 10X D
|Stop smoking for the birth of my ci
|Raised blood pressure; symptoms of type 2 diabetes that came to light 4 years ago. Sudden aging of skin, loss of teeth
|Symptoms of diabetes e.g high blood sugar levels diminished effectively by dietary control - complete omission of refined sugar. GP assured me long term use of nicotine chewing gum would have no harmful effect in the long term and that its use not related to elevated blood sugar levels. Subsequent to ceasing taking nicorettes completely (which required a near super-human effort) all type 2 symptoms have vanished with the support of evidence from regular bold tests. When I started taking nicorettes there was no advice on long term effects. According to what I have read recently there is an absence of definitive research on its effects over time especially if the 'recommended' usage period is exceeded. In my opinion nicorettes are very highly addictive and appear to have profoundly affected my life by the presentation of type 2 symptoms. The GPs I have spoken to over many years appear to be quite ignorant of the addictive and pharmaceutical potential effects. I bitterly regret having spent so much money on the product over such a long time. Quite scandalous when I think about it.
4mg 10X D
|Stop smoking for the birth of my ci
|Raised blood pressure; symptoms of type 2 diabetes that came to light 4 years ago. Sudden aging of skin, loss of teeth
|Symptoms of diabetes e.g high blood sugar levels diminished effectively by dietary control - complete omission of refined sugar. GP assured me long term use of nicotine chewing gum would have no harmful effect in the long term and that its use not related to elevated blood sugar levels. Subsequent to ceasing taking nicorettes completely (which required a near super-human effort) all type 2 symptoms have vanished with the support of evidence from regular bold tests. When I started taking nicorettes there was no advice on long term effects. According to what I have read recently there is an absence of definitive research on its effects over time especially if the 'recommended' usage period is exceeded. In my opinion nicorettes are very highly addictive and appear to have profoundly affected my life by the presentation of type 2 symptoms. The GPs I have spoken to over many years appear to be quite ignorant of the addictive and pharmaceutical potential effects. I bitterly regret having spent so much money on the product over such a long time. Quite scandalous when I think about it.
4mg 10X D
|have been on them for 3 years .
|Can not get of them.and have lost teeth.8io
|3 years
|Quit smoking
|I love it I have been on off the gum for 9 years I have lost a few teeth due to it
|9 years
|in order to quit smoking
|A little nervousness. Occasional upset stomach. Occasional sore throat.
|It helps quit smoking
|3 months
|Quit dipping
|Sore jaw, headache, some insomnia
|I came across this site to try to find an explanation for the symptoms I've been experiencing. I had tried Nicorette gum in the past year for a day or two at a time to give up a 20+ year dipping habit, but then started to use it full time almost 3 months ago and haven't dipped since. Felt great until about two weeks ago when my mouth and jaw started to hurt a lot. Just went for a dental exam because I was scared it might be oral cancer and thankfully was given a clean bill of health. Now am convinced it's the Nicorette and I WILL be done with it within the next few days. I am scared about what this seemingly safe product might do to by body. I would advise avoiding using this gum because it is very addictive and may not be as safe as many believe.
|3 months
|to stop smoking
|the only side effect I experienced was not wanting to smoke. This worked very well for me and i did not gain any weight when i quit smoking
|I have not had any side effects, but I am completely addicted to the gum. I went from 4mg to 2mg (10-15 pieces a day) a few years ago to "ween" myself off the gum. I wanted to stop because it literally controls my life - i had to have it at all times. ALL times - on a hike, at my wedding, swimming, gardening - you name it, i also chewed the gum. I was petrified to stop, I knew the withdrawals would be terrible. MUCH to my surprise, there were no withdrawals. I started chewing regular gum and I am fine. I am a "mind over matter" type of person though. I realized what this was costing me and did not want to continue putting chemicals in my body. Once i internalized that and made my decision, I was fine. I chewed A LOT - taking one out and immediately replacing it with another. This is a mindset, as is the decision to quit smoking. Quitting smoking was WAY harder than quitting the gum. JUST DO IT.
|8 years
2mg 10X D
|to quit smoking
|- increased heart rate - nausea - hair loss - pimples (mini cystic acne) on face - dizziness It helped me quit smoking but now Im addicted to Nicorette. Damnit. I have to chew at least 6 a day. Now I really have to quit because it's expensive, not meant for long term use, and I don't feel as if it makes a difference when I chew since my tolerance have gone up (chewing 4mg per time). Besides, my jaw's starting to hurt a bit. I guess the best thing to do is keep your mind occupied and stop thinking of smoking or chewing.
|1 years
|Quit chewing tobacco
|Throat swelling, heart palpitations, frequent sore throats, enlarged lymph nodes, painful gums, receding gums, enamal wear, muscle weakness, sore neck,
|My only advise is to either quit smoking/chewing cold turkey, or to slowly wean yourself off by reducing consumption. I have used these lozenges since November 1, 2012 and never noticed withdraw symptoms from quitting Skoal which I used for 10+ years, smoked for 10+ years before that. Reason is that this is basically just a different "brand" of what I have been trying to quit. This isn't a tool to replace, this is a more expensive "Brand" of additiction which no doctor will say is bad for you. They all will say use only for required time (12 weeks or so) then quit. Yeah, whatever. I've fallen asleep at night with a lozenge in thinking these are just fine for you! Hey, they only have one harmful chemical in them (nicotine) compared to the hundreds in tobacco! Only this is concentrated nicotine, unregulated (sure it's FDA approved, so was DDT, sucralose, and others). This stuff will cause cancer, straight up. I have a son, and do not want to die before he graduates high school, so I quit chewing tobacco. I was very proud of myself. Now, these things are going to cause me harm and it is impossible to stop. I am going to slowly wean myself off them and be done, for good. No more of their poison, thank you.
|2 years
|9 years of Nicorette addiction
|Nicorette started out as the perfect alternative to smoking while at work. Clean, discreet, fresh breath and my much loved nicotine buzz. 9 years later I'm 30 years old and chewing 10-15 pieces of 4 mg a day. That's a lot of nicotine I've realized!!! I'm chronically dehydrated, nauseous all the time , have unexplained weakness, low blood sugar, food cravings, dry mouth, racing heartbeat at bedtime, heart palpitations and random tremors in my chest throughout the day and lightheaded ness a couple hours each day. All around I feel like something is not right but I've learned to live with my symptoms and tolerate then. Hard to remember what I use to feel like. If I don't chew the gum my symptoms drastically improve... Only problem is, I'm addicted. Yes, I will cry without my gum and the day just doesn't go on without it. Something that makes me so sick, yet I allow it. This stuff is a bad thing to get started on, especially if you really enjoy the sensation nicotine gives you rather then the actual act of smoking
|1 days
|to stop smoking
|I got the runs!! Better than cancer. THIS IS THE ONLY THING THAT HELPS ME STOP SMOKING. I FEEL GREAT!
|4 weeks
|As a "safe" source of nicotine
|Insulin resistance, weight gain, inability to lose weight, dental problems, lowered estrogen levels, reduced libido, tinnitus, swollen lymph nodes in neck, utter dependence.
|Vastly more addictive than cigarettes. After years of not smoking (was never a heavy smoker) I stupidly bought a box of Nicorette gum thinking it would help me through a stressful time in my life, as cigarettes had done in my 20s. I also hoped it would help me control my weight. Not so much. Turns out even moderate use led to hormonal changes and insulin resistance - both of which led to weight gain. It took two attempts at quitting this gum to succeed, and I was a light user compared to many. It took a major effort that included exercise and nutritional approaches (controlling blood sugar with supplements -- cinnamon and alpha lipoic acid -- daily aerobic exercise, and a diet rich in Omega 3s and low in carbs) to succeed. I did a ton of research, then waged all out war against this addiction and finally won. The weight fell off in the process. My libido is back. The tinnitus is gone. Nicorette is poison. DON'T START. It is very, very difficult to stop, and the stuff takes a serious toll on your health, even with moderate, but prolonged use.
|2 years
|gum, inhaler
|-massive wrinkles, aging almost overnight -gums receding considerably -did manage to quit smoking for over a month but skin and gums in disrepair...My skin and gums almost look worse after than before quitting smoking.
|-I beg you to remove Sucralose even if gum will taste bad...remember that smokers inhale distasteful smoke..we are used to it, so gum without artificial sweeteners would benefit us much better without the dangers of artificial sweeteners. As a former smoker, I never, ever, never, never wanted sweetness when smoking. I enjoyed the inhalation. I hate sweet, sugary substances. Get rid of that dangerous substance of Sucralose, Aspartame...these chemical substances are dangerous whereas the body can't metabolize them. -Results of using Nicorettes on a daily basis: massive wrinkles, aging almost overnight -Results of using Nicorettes on a daily basis: gums receded considerably -Results of using Nicorettes on a daily basis: did manage to quit smoking for over a month, but looking in the mirror, my forehead has wrinkled considerably and my gums have receded to the point of no repair. Over the time span of quitting smoking, my face and gums have aged considerably. I am worried I may loose some teeth as the gums have risen far too high yet I cannot afford a dentist for a consultation
|2 months
|Stop smoking
|Horrible. Horrible. I have chronic hives , high blood pressure, still joints,stomach aches , diarrhea all due to this gum. Get off it today.
|8 years
4mg 20x a
|to quit smoking cigarettes
|I have lost a lot of hair, I used to have very very thick hair. I also have tried many times to quit without success. I have withdrawals sick & cranky
|3 years
4 mg
|To quit smoking without gaining kgs
|Bloating, heart palpitations and irregularity. Mouth sores in the beginning and it chewing too many. Painful joints shoulders/ fingers. Constant Pins and needles in big toe left foot. Broken fillings/ teeth. Hiccups. Mood swings when I run out of gum.
|I am on day 2 of quitting cold turkey ! I ordered some Big Red gum online ( cinnamon) set the date for quitting (the day after Australia Day) so far so good?? Have had a few cravings but they pass quickly. Had really bad insomnia last night. I am determined not to be a slave to the gum for the rest of my life. NRT has controlled the last 15 years of my life, not any more.
|15 years
Up to40 mg 1X H
|To stop smoking
|Ruined enamel on my teeth, and I never had any dental problems!
|I have been using this sine 1990, I have not had the urge to smoke, but as time went on (like any drug). I required more and more of it. Originally was using 2 mg, then started using 4mg in 1997 to present. I have been weaning myself off it for the past 2 weeks. I am down to 2 to 3 pieces a day. Highly addictive! If you are going to use it, monitor yourself. I have spent easily over $60,000 on this horrible addiction.
|22 years
4 mg 2X H
|To Quit Smoking
|I have had multiple crowns and root canals. I often get bad canker sores. I assume these are due to the Nicorette.
|I need this like a drug addict needs Meth!
|14 years
4mg 2X H
|To stop smoking
|I have used intermittently for 8 years. I still get the urge to smoke but instead use Nicorette gum. I have experienced no side effects although I believe I am still addicted to nicotine but am now taking steps to reduce the amount of gum I use.
|8 years
4mg 10X D
|To stop smoking cigarettes.
|My blood pressure was normal before i.e. when I used to smoke(110/70). Few days ago I had difficulty breathing and mild pain right between my chest. I got myself checked and the problem was elevated blood pressure (150/110). Right now I am on some blood pressure medicines ( ACE inhibitors etc.) and Klonopin (1 mg ). It was hard for me to quit but now I stopped chewing gum and smoking cigarette altogether. My condition is improving these days.
|I found it more addictive than cigarettes but can not blame it completely. It depends more on the will power of the user. Does what it says.
|2 months
|Quit smoking
|severe stomach pain
|1 days
30 mg 4X D
|Quit smoking
|Started 4mg 10x per day 6 years later about 30 2mg a day. I quit when I found it has caused Rosacia and a very red face after taking. Also went to dentist for what I thought was a filling that fell out, turns out it was a hole in my tooth, dentist says I have worn 25%-50% of me teeth, they though I was grinding teeth when I slept but when I am in deep sleep I have my mouth open.
|6 years
30 2 mg
|To help quit smoking cigarettes
|Asthma, foul breath, insomnia, unpleasant dreams, bloating, gas, constipation, possibly contributed to stage 3b chronic kidney failure (glomerulosclerosis)
|This "medicine," manufactured by Big Pharma, is just as addictive as tobacco cigarettes. I've been chain-chewing these things for 8 full years, and I'm now done with being a slave to this product! I've switched to e-cigarettes -- vaporizers -- which is a much gentler nicotine delivery system. (I use the Volcano brand of e-cigs; their e-fluid is made in the US, -not- in China). Seven days now with no gum, and I already feel much better! Don't start chewing Nicorette because you might end up with a brand-new addiction and a whole host of health problems.
|8 years
4 mg 2X H
|Quit Smoking
|Initially no ill effects. Effective in stopping smoking. I didn't follow the regime, and continued to use Nicorette after quitting smoking. It led to loss of taste, especially the loss of taste of salt. After 8 weeks of not using it, taste returned. Using one last pack, I began to have sensitivity in the mouth and noticed a marked reduction taste. I'm done with nicorette.
|Use as directed, and make sure you taper and quit use as directed. If needed, join a support group. Nicorette is for eliminating addiction to nicotine. It is not intended as a substitute for nicotine.
|12 months
2mg 8X D
|To give up smoking
|My gums are bleeding and they are receding at a fast rate - very addictive . I would not recommend this product although it's helped me to cut down smoking .
|I would not use this again or recommend nicotine gum !! Doctors and nurses don't warn u of receding gum a
|49 days
2mg 9X D
|To stop smoking many years ago
2 mg X 15+ 1X D
|Stop Smoking
|I gave up smoking many years ago (15+) and took up Nicorette gum. I became totally addicted and was only able to stop about 6 months ago. this process was extremely difficult as I believe that Nicorette is much more addictive than smoking. Do not touch this product to give up smoking
|Very expensive. These guys are making a fortune by selling and extremely addictive product at substantially more than cigarettes
80mg 2X H
|Quit smoking
|Instant and intense heartburn. I've been smoking for only six months. Maybe I'm on too high of a dose but not even smoking itself gives me such intense heartburn.
|take some fast-acting heartburn meds along with your gum!
|2 days
8 mg 2X D
|To quit smoking
|Addiction. Tmj. Ache, hives and rashes. Throat inflamation and hard to treat infection. Extreme dry mouth. Repeated Sinusitis. Stomach upsets, bloating, gas, pain. Insomnia.
|I gave up smoking in the hopes of becomming healthier, my only complaint was asthma. The gum has left me with more problems than I had before and I sincery regret ever touching it. Even if I try smoking again I still crave the gum and have been known to smoke and chew the gum at the same time. Although I now crave the gum more than ciggerettes even though I loved smoking snd oked heavily for 15 years! Ive been getting reocuringly poorly since shortly after starting the gum, the severe sore throat and infection and ache being the worst, previously I had never suffered from spots or ache ever before in my life, not even as a teenager! im now 33. I suspected the gum may be csusing me problems and eventualy its gotten so bad it propted me to curiously find out online if otherd were having similar issues with the gum, and I found mamy were having similar problems. Its made me realise that nicotine is a poison, and there is no 'safe way to ingest a poison' ridiculous to even suggest there would be. As far as Im concerned I had my last piece of gum an hour ago and the rest is going in the bin. I just hope now eventually I get rid of this latest severe 6 week throat infection, thats if it isnt something worse caused by the pure poison in the gum. I also think that nicotine from the gum stays in your body longet than it would from cigerettes, at least the bsd effects may well.
|7 months
2mg 1X AN
|Quit smoking addicted to gum 5YEARS
|I finally found someone actually many others addicted to the nicoteen gum honestly thought it was just me i quiet 5 years ago have not had a cigarette in 5 years but chew the gum every day approx. 15- 20 pieces a day 4MG I don't know what to do I'm so scared, I just am begging to find answers, I had cancer once that's why I quit smoking in first place... But was ovarian cancer... But decided to quit to be safe, smoked for 25 years I am a 39 year old single mother and I am just begging for help! I don't know what to do or where gotten anymore I'm losin my mind, I went and bought an electric smoke today that so didnt help, I couldn't go more then a few hours without my nicoteen gum.... If anyone knows what to do please contact me email@example.com would be greatly appreciated!! I tried to chew normal gum past few months.. But it's just not the same... Please someone anyone that understands... How can we quit the gum??? Or should I just start smoking again I'm so stressed out!!!!!
|Please help
|5 years


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Polyphonic chansons--16th century
From Library of Congress Subject Headings
Polyphonic chansons--16th century
- http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2010107446
- info:lc/authorities/sh2010107446
- http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2010107446#concept
Instance Of
- 16th century
Scheme Membership(s)
Collection Membership(s)
- found: Work cat.: Premier livre de chansons en forme de vau de ville, 1992
Editorial Notes
- [Record generated for validation purposes.]
Change Notes
- 2010-05-18: new
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Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 for document exchange. PDF is used for representing two-dimensional documents in a manner independent of the application software, hardware, and operating system.[1] Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout 2D document (and, with Acrobat 3D, embedded 3D documents using U3D) that includes the text, fonts, images, and 2D vector graphics which compose the documents.
Adobe Systems co-founder John Warnock outlined a system called "Camelot"[2], that evolved into the Portable Document Format (PDF) file-format.
Formerly a proprietary format, PDF was officially released as an open standard on July 1, 2008, and published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO/IEC 32000-1:2008.[3]
PDF's adoption in the early days of the format's history was slow.[4] Adobe Acrobat, Adobe's suite for reading and creating PDFs, was not freely available; early versions of PDF had no support for external hyperlinks, reducing its usefulness on the World Wide Web; the additional size of the PDF document compared to plain text meant significantly longer download times over the slower modems common at the time, and rendering the files was slow on less powerful machines. Additionally, there were competing formats such as Envoy, Common Ground Digital Paper, Farallon Replica and even Adobe's own PostScript format (.ps); in those early years, the PDF file was mainly popular in desktop publishing workflow.
Adobe soon started distributing its Acrobat Reader (now Adobe Reader) program at no cost, and continued supporting the original PDF, which eventually became the de facto standard for printable documents on the web (a standard web document).
The PDF file format has changed several times and continues to evolve, as new versions of Adobe Acrobat were released. There have been nine versions of PDF with corresponding Acrobat releases:[5]
The ISO 32000-1:2008 PDF open standard was published by the ISO on July 1, 2008. PDF is now a published ISO standard, titled Document management—Portable document format—Part 1: PDF 1.7
According to the ISO PDF standard abstract:
ISO 32000-1:2008 specifies a digital form for representing electronic documents to enable users to exchange and view electronic documents independent of the environment in which they were created or the environment in which they are viewed or printed. It is intended for the developer of software that creates PDF files (conforming writers), software that reads existing PDF files and interprets their contents for display and interaction (conforming readers) and PDF products that read and/or write PDF files for a variety of other purposes (conforming products).
Anyone may create applications that can read and write PDF files without having to pay royalties to Adobe Systems; Adobe holds patents to PDF, but licenses them for royalty-free use in developing software complying with its PDF specification.[6]
The PDF combines three technologies:
PostScript is a page description language run in an interpreter to generate an image, a process requiring many resources. PDF is a file format, not a programming language, so that flow control commands such as
if and
loop are removed, while graphics commands such as
lineto remain.
Often, the PostScript-like PDF code is generated from a source PostScript file. The graphics commands that are output by the PostScript code are collected and tokenized; any files, graphics, or fonts to which the document refers also are collected; then, everything is compressed to a single file. Therefore, the entire PostScript world (fonts, layout, measurements) remains intact.
As a document format, PDF has several advantages over PostScript:
A PDF file consists primarily of objects, of which there are eight types:[7]
Objects may be either direct (embedded in another object) or indirect. Indirect objects are numbered with an object number and a generation number. An index table called the xref table gives the byte offset of each indirect object from the start of the file.[8] This design allows for efficient random access to the objects in the file, and also allows for small changes to be made without rewriting the entire file (incremental update). Beginning with PDF version 1.5, indirect objects may also be located in special streams known as object streams. This technique reduces the size of files that have large numbers of small indirect objects and is especially useful for Tagged PDF.
There are two layouts to the PDF files—non-linear (not "optimized") and linear ("optimized"). Non-linear PDF files consume less disk space than their linear counterparts, though they are slower to access because portions of the data required to assemble pages of the document are scattered throughout the PDF file. Linear PDF files (also called "optimized" or "web optimized" PDF files) are constructed in a manner that enables them to be read in a Web browser plugin, since they are written to disk in a linear (as in page order) fashion.[9] PDF files may be optimized using Adobe Acrobat software or pdfopt, which is part of GPL Ghostscript.
The basic design of how graphics are represented in PDF is very similar to that of PostScript, except for the use of transparency, which was added in PDF 1.4.
PDF graphics use a device independent Cartesian coordinate system to describe the surface of a page. A PDF page description can use a matrix to scale, rotate, or skew graphical elements. A key concept in PDF is that of the graphics state, which is a collection of graphical parameters that may be changed, saved, and restored by a page description. PDF has (as of version 1.6) 24 graphics state properties, of which some of the most important are:
Vector graphics in PDF, as in PostScript, are constructed with paths. Paths are usually composed of lines and cubic Bézier curves, but can also be constructed from the outlines of text. Unlike PostScript, PDF does not allow a single path to mix text outlines with lines and curves. Paths can be stroked, filled, or used for clipping. Strokes and fills can use any color set in the graphics state, including patterns.
PDF supports several types of patterns. The simplest is the tiling pattern in which a piece of artwork is specified to be drawn repeatedly. This may be a colored tiling pattern, with the colors specified in the pattern object, or an uncolored tiling pattern, which defers color specification to the time the pattern is drawn. Beginning with PDF 1.3 there is also a shading pattern, which draws continuously varying colors. There are seven types of shading pattern of which the simplest are the radial shade (Type 2) and axial shade (Type 3).
Raster images in PDF (called Image XObjects) are represented by dictionaries with an associated stream. The dictionary describes properties of the image, and the stream contains the image data. (Less commonly, a raster image may be embedded directly in a page description as an inline image.) Images are typically filtered for compression purposes. Image filters supported in PDF include the general purpose filters
and the image-specific filters
Normally all image content in a PDF is embedded in the file. But PDF allows image data to be stored in external files by the use of external streams or Alternate Images. Standardized subsets of PDF, including PDF/A and PDF/X, prohibit these techniques.
Text in PDF is represented by text elements in page content streams. A text element specifies that characters should be drawn at certain positions. The characters are specified using the encoding of a selected font resource.
A font object in PDF is a description of a digital typeface. It may either describe the characteristics of a typeface, or it may include an embedded font file. The latter case is called an embedded font while the former is called an unembedded font. The font files that may be embedded are based on widely used standard digital font formats: Type 1 (and its compressed variant CFF), TrueType, and (beginning with PDF 1.6) OpenType. Additionally PDF supports the Type 3 variant in which the components of the font are described by PDF graphic operators.
Within text strings characters are shown using character codes (integers) that map to glyphs in the current font using an encoding. There are a number of built-in encodings, including WinAnsi, MacRoman, and a large number of encodings for East Asian languages. (Although the WinAnsi and MacRoman encodings are derived from the historical properties of the Windows and Macintosh operating systems, fonts using these encodings work equally well on any platform.) The encoding mechanisms in PDF were designed for Type 1 fonts, and the rules for applying them to TrueType fonts are complex.
For large fonts or fonts with non-standard glyphs, the special encodings Identity-H (for horizontal writing) and Identity-V (for vertical) are used. With such fonts it is necessary to provide a ToUnicode table if semantic information about the characters is to be preserved.
The original imaging model of PDF was, like PostScript's, opaque: each object drawn on the page completely replaced anything previously marked in the same location. In PDF 1.4 the imaging model was extended to allow transparency. When transparency is used, new objects interact with previously marked objects to produce blending effects. The addition of transparency to PDF was done by means of new extensions that were designed to be ignored in products written to the PDF 1.3 and earlier specifications. As a result, files that use a small amount of transparency might view acceptably in older viewers, but files making extensive use of transparency could view completely wrongly in an older viewer without warning.
The transparency extensions are based on the key concepts of transparency groups, blending modes, shape, and alpha. The model is closely aligned with the features of Adobe Illustrator version 9. The blend modes were based on those used by Adobe Photoshop at the time. When the PDF 1.4 specification was published the formulas for calculating blend modes were kept secret by Adobe. They have since been published.[10]
PDF files may contain interactive elements such as annotations and form fields.
Acroforms (also known as Acrobat forms) is a mechanism to add forms to the PDF file format.
Acroforms permit using objects (text boxes, radiobuttons, etc.) and some code (JavaScript).
Acroforms keep form field values in external files containing key:value pairs. The external files may use different formats, namely ASCII, fdf, or xfdf files.
Acroforms were introduced in the pdf 1.2 format.[11] In the pdf 1.5 format, Adobe Systems introduced a new, proprietary format for forms, namely XFA forms. Both formats coexist today.
A PDF may contain structure information to enable better text extraction and accessibility. When published, PDF/UA, now ISO/AWI 14289, will provide definitive information on how the contents of PDF files are to be tagged with accurate structure information.
A PDF file may be encrypted for security, or digitally signed for authentication.
The standard security provided by Acrobat PDF consists of two different methods and two different passwords, "user password" and "owner password". A PDF document may be protected by password to open ('user' password) and the document may also specify operations that should be restricted even when the document is decrypted: printing; copying text and graphics out of the document; modifying the document; and adding or modifying text notes and AcroForm fields (using 'owner' password). However, all operations (except the document open password protection, if applicable) which are restricted by "owner" or "user" passwords are trivially circumvented by many commonly available "PDF cracking" software and even freely online[12], and thus these restrictions are obviously ineffective in letting the author control what can and cannot be done with the pdf file he or she created, once it is distributed. This warning is also displayed when applying such restrictions using Adobe Acrobat software to create or edit PDF files.
PDF files can have document-level and page-level file attachments, which the reader can access and open or save to their local filesystem. PDF attachments can be added to existing PDF files for example using pdftk. Adobe Reader provides support for attachments, and poppler based readers like Evince or Okular also have some support for document-level attachments.
Proper subsets of PDF have been, or are being, standardized under ISO for several constituencies:
A PDF/H variant (PDF for Healthcare) is being developed.[13] However, it may consist more of a set of "best practices" than of a specific format or subset.
Adobe is exploring an XML-based next-generation PDF code named Mars.[14] Information about the Mars file format is published by Adobe at http://www.adobe.com/go/mars and also http://labs.adobe.com/wiki/index.php/Mars.
The format of graphic elements of Mars is sometimes described simply as "SVG", but according to the version 0.8 draft specification of November 2007 (§3 Mars SVG Support) the format is actually merely similar to SVG: it contains both additions to and subtractions from SVG, so it is in general neither viewable by nor creatable with standard SVG tools: some things will look noticeably different between SVG viewers and Mars viewers.
PDF files can be created specifically to be accessible for disabled people. Current PDF file formats can include tags (XML), text equivalents, captions, audio descriptions, et cetera. Some software, such as Adobe InDesign, can automatically produce tagged PDFs, however this feature is not enabled by default. Leading screen readers, including JAWS, Window-Eyes, Hal, and Kurzweil 1000 and 3000 can read tagged PDFs; current versions of the Acrobat and Acrobat Reader programs can also read PDFs aloud. Moreover, tagged PDFs can be re-flowed and magnified for readers with visual impairments. Problems remain with adding tags to older PDFs and those that are generated from scanned documents. In these cases, accessibility tags and re-flowing are unavailable, and must be created either manually or with OCR techniques. These processes are inaccessible to some disabled people. PDF/UA, the PDF/Universal Accessibility Committee, an activity of AIIM, is working on a specification for PDF accessibility based on ISO 32000.
One of the significant challenges with PDF accessibility is that PDF documents have three distinct views, which, depending on the document's creation, can be inconsistent with each other. The three views are (i) the physical view, (ii) the tags view, and (iii) the content view. The physical view is displayed and printed (what most people consider a PDF document). The tags view is what screen readers read (useful for people with poor eyesight). The content view is displayed when the document is re-flowed to Acrobat (useful for people with mobility disability). For a PDF document to be accessible, the three views must be consistent with each other.
PDF format attachments carrying viruses were first discovered in 2001. This virus, named "OUTLOOK.PDFWorm" or "Peachy", uses Microsoft Outlook to send itself as an attachment to an Adobe PDF file. It is activated with Adobe Acrobat, but not with Acrobat Reader.[15]
PDFs may be encrypted so that a password is needed to view or edit the contents. The PDF Reference defines both 40-bit and 128-bit encryption, both making use of a complex system of RC4 and MD5. The PDF Reference also defines ways in which third parties can define their own encryption systems for use in PDF.
PDF files may also contain embedded DRM restrictions that provide further controls that limit copying, editing or printing. The restrictions on copying, editing, or printing depend on the reader software to obey them, so the security they provide is limited. Printable documents especially might be saved instead as bitmaps and subject to OCR.
The PDF Reference has technical details or see http://createpdf.adobe.com/cgi-feeder.pl/help_security?BP=&LOC=en_US for an end-user overview. Like HTML files, PDF files may submit information to a web server. This could be used to track the IP address of the client PC, a process known as phoning home. After update 7.0.5 to Acrobat Reader, the user will be notified "via a dialogue box that the author of the file is auditing usage of the file, and be offered the option of continuing."[16]
Through its LiveCycle Policy Server product, Adobe provides a method to set security policies on specific documents. This can include requiring a user to authenticate and limiting the timeframe a document can be accessed or amount of time a document can be opened while offline. Once a PDF document is tied to a policy server and a specific policy, that policy can be changed or revoked by the owner. This controls documents that are otherwise "in the wild." Each document open and close event can also be tracked by the policy server. Policy servers can be set up privately or Adobe offers a public service through Adobe Online Services.
Compared to the PostScript format, PDF lacks e.g. the notion of "tray selection"; this can be used to indicate that some pages of a document must be printed on a different type of paper.
Such features are not omissions from the PDF format, whose scope only covers electronic documents. The JDF standard covers such aspects; however, it is a complex standard, which as of 2007 is still not widely implemented. This hinders the replacement of PostScript by PDF.
PDF documents can contain display settings, including the page display layout and zoom level. Adobe Reader will use these settings to override the user's default settings when opening the document.[17] The free Adobe Reader cannot remove these settings.
A PDF file is often a combination of vector graphics, text, and raster graphics. The basic types of content in a PDF are:
In later PDF revisions, a PDF document can also support links (inside document or web page), forms, JavaScript (initially available as plugin for Acrobat 3.0), or any other types of embedded contents that can be handled using plug-ins.
PDF 1.6 supports interactive 3D documents embedded in the PDF.
Two PDF files that look similar on a computer screen may be of very different sizes. For example, a high resolution raster image takes more space than a low resolution one. Typically higher resolution is needed for printing documents than for displaying them on screen. Other things that may increase the size of a file is embedding full fonts, especially for Asiatic scripts, and storing text as graphics.
There are fourteen typefaces that have a special significance to PDF documents:
These fonts, sometimes referred to as the "base fourteen fonts"[18] should always be present (actually present or a close substitute) and so need not be embedded in a PDF.[19] PDF viewers must know about the metrics of these fonts. Other fonts may be substituted if they are not embedded in a PDF.
Beginning with PDF 1.5, special treatment of the standard fonts is deprecated.[1]
|Year of publication
|New features
|Supported by Reader version
|Acrobat Reader (Carousel)
|Passwords, device-independent color, threads and links
|Acrobat Reader 2.0
|Interactive page elements, mouse events, multimedia types, Unicode, advanced color features and image proxying
|Acrobat Reader 3.0
|Digital signatures; ICC and DeviceN color spaces; JavaScript actions
|Acrobat Reader 4.0
|JBIG2; transparency; OCR text layer
|Acrobat Reader 5.0
|JPEG 2000; linked multimedia; object streams; cross reference streams
|Adobe Reader 6.0
|Embedded multimedia; XML forms; AES encryption
|Adobe Reader 7.0
|Adobe Reader 8
|1.7 Extension Level 3
|256-bit AES encryption
|Adobe Reader 9
PDF-viewing software is generally provided free of charge, including versions by Adobe Reader, Foxit Reader, PDF-XChange Viewer, and others.
There are many software options for creating PDFs, including the PDF printing capabilities built in to Mac OS X and some versions of Linux, the multi-platform OpenOffice.org, Microsoft Office 2007 (if updated to SP2[20]), WordPerfect since version 9, numerous PDF print drivers for Microsoft Windows, the pdfTeX typesetting system, the DocBook PDF tools, applications developed around Ghostscript and Adobe Acrobat itself. Google's online office suite Google Docs also allows for uploading, and saving to the PDF format.
There is also specialized software for editing PDF files, though the choices are much more limited and often expensive. As of version 0.46, Inkscape also allows PDF editing through an intermediate translation step involving poppler. A freeware desktop program also exists which allows PDF format order forms and applications to be filled in and printed off, even those previously uneditable using Adobe Reader.[21]
Adobe Acrobat is one example of proprietary software that allows the user to annotate, highlight, add notes to already created PDF files. One UNIX application available as free software (under the GNU General Public License) is PDFedit. Another GPL-licensed application native to the Linux environment is Xournal. Xournal allows for annotating in different fonts and colours, as well as a rule for quickly underlining and highlighting lines of text or paragraphs. Xournal also has a shape recognition tool for squares, rectangles and circles. In Xournal annotations may be moved, copied and pasted. The freeware Foxit Reader allows annotating but adds a watermark on each annotated page. The commercial version of the package does not have this limitation.
Several applications embracing the PDF standard are now available as an online service including Scribd for viewing and storing, Pdfvue for online editing, and Zamzar for PDF Conversion.
In 1993 the Jaws RIP from Global Graphics became the first shipping prepress RIP that interpreted PDF natively without conversion to another format. The company released an upgrade to their Harlequin RIP with the same capability in 1997.
Agfa-Gevaert introduced and shipped Apogee, the first prepress workflow system based on PDF, in 1997.
Many commercial offset printers have accepted the submission of press-ready PDF files as a print source, specifically the PDF/X-1a subset and variations of the same.[22] The submission of press-ready PDF files are a replacement for the problematic need for receiving collected native working files.
PDF was selected as the "native" metafile format for Mac OS X, replacing the PICT format of the earlier Mac OS. The imaging model of the Quartz graphics layer is based on the model common to Display PostScript and PDF, leading to the nickname "Display PDF". The Preview application can display PDF files, as can version 2.0 and later of the Safari web browser. System-level support for PDF allows Mac OS X applications to create PDF documents automatically, provided they support the Print command. The files are then exported in PDF 1.3 format according to the file header. When taking a screenshot under Mac OS X versions 10.0 through 10.3, the image was also captured as a PDF; in 10.4 and 10.5 the default behaviour is set to capture as a PNG file, though this behaviour can be set back to PDF if required.
Some desktop printers also support direct PDF printing, which can interpret PDF data without external help. Currently, all PDF capable printers also support PostScript, but most PostScript printers do not support direct PDF printing.
The Free Software Foundation considers one of their high priority projects to be "developing a free, high-quality and fully functional set of libraries and programs that implement the PDF file format and associated technologies to the ISO 32000 standard."[23][24] The GNUpdf library has, however, not been released yet, while Poppler has enjoyed wider use in applications such as Evince, which comes with the GNOME desktop environment, at the expense of relying on the GPLv2-licensed Xpdf[25][26] code base that can't be used by GPLv3 programs.
The Apache PDFBox project of the Apache Software Foundation is an open source Java library for working with PDF documents. PDFBox is licensed under the Apache License.[27]
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text:
Leading the way as she has all season was Cara Colker-Eybel '13 (main
photo) as she captured three individual events and helped the Cardinals
win the 400 medley relay with an outstanding 100 fly split of :58.01.
She did not compete in an individual fly event during the meet but the
winning time of the 100 fly was over a minute. Colker-Eybel took the
100 and 200 free in times of :53.62 and 1:56.00. The Wesleyan school
record for the 100 free is :53.08, a mark well within her reach by
season's end. The 400 IM also went Colker-Eybel's way in a time of
Cara Madden '11 (photo insert upper left) was a double winner for the Cards as she captured the 100 back (1:01.37) and the 50 free (:25.10) while also contributing to the win in the 400 medley relay. Diver Naima Ford '11 (photo insert upper right) picked up first-place points on both boards and Rachel Cohen '12 rounded out the Wesleyan wins with the title in the 200 fly.
Wesleyan had equal success in its final dual meet of the year when Coast Guard came to Middletown Sat, Feb. 6, winning by a 169-126 score. Wesleyan had top performances in 13 of 16 events with Colker-Eybel again capturing the 100 and 200 free as well as the 200 IM. The Cardinals had four other multiple events winners in the meet. Ford swept the diving events once again while Cohen matched Colker-Eybel with three top prizes (1000 free, 100 and 200 fly). Sam Santaniello '13 captured both the 100 and 200 breaststroke and Madden repeated with victories in the 100 back and 50 free.
After two weeks of preparation, Wesleyan began action in the annual NESCAC Championships, this year hosted by Middlebury Feb. 19-21. On the opening day, Colker-Eybel finished fifth in the 200 IM while setting a school mark in the prelims with a national "B" cut time of 2:09.07. She bettered her own team mark by more than three seconds. Also highlighting the day with a third-place showing, good for all-NESCAC honors, in the 50 backstroke was Madden, timed in :27.76, just .11 seconds off her own Wesleyan record. Niki Holtzman '10 added a fifth-place showing in the 50 fly with a :26.58 clocking.
On the second day of the NESCAC meet, Colker-Eybel was the top performer as she placed third for all-NESCAC laurels in the 100 fly with a national "B" cut time of :57.88. Madden finished eighth in the 100 back (1:00.18).
The final day brought about just one swimming finalist as Colker-Eybel grabbed seventh in the 100 free (:53.79). During the meet, Ford was the eighth-place finisher on both diving boards with a one-meter score of 365.10 and a three-meter posting of 341.85.
The quartet of Madden, Ally Anderson '13, Holtzman and Colker-Eybel hooked up to set a pair of school records in the relays as they had a 1:38.81 in the 200 free relay and a 3:35.63 in the 400 free relay prelims. Wesleyan placed fifth in both events.
As a team, Wesleyan came in ninth of 11 squads with 605 points. Williams won its 10th consecutive NESCAC crown.


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26 January 2012
Photo: RFU Archive
Having taken over the reigns as head of coach in summer 2010, Zimbabwean Liam Middleton has breathed a new lease of life into the former Premiership side following a forgettable season which saw the West Country team finish 8th.
This season, despite having guaranteed their position in the promotional play-offs weeks ago, Middleton isn't thinking about the possibility of life in the top tier, stating that the future of the club is based on creating the right culture now.
Q. You took over a Bristol squad with presumably low confidence after that loss to Exeter in 2010 and an 8th place league finish the following year. What have been the biggest factors in turning this team around to now, top of the RFU Championship?
We are obviously in a good position, but I haven't put any emphasis or attention on being top of the league, we have focused more on trying to develop our culture and building the right type of game for us.
There are a number of factors as to why we find ourselves in a strong position at this time. We recruited well during the summer, with a focus on good individuals as much as good performers.
We have encouraged a values-based culture, and that has created a close-knit team ethic and, in turn, influenced the 'Bristol Fashion' style of rugby that we are trying to promote.
Q. Bristol were criticised last year for not lasting the full 80 minutes. How much has fitness been a part of this team's revival?
Fitness is a pillar of our approach to the game, we have a large capacity and a real appetite for work and this has helped to build our fitness levels. Our conditioning staff do an excellent job in delivering a grueling pre-season program, but we are also very scientific in their approach. Ultimately, this is underpinned by our work ethic.
Our players are getting stronger and faster as we look to build towards the end-of-season play-offs.
Q. The club have banned the "P" word (promotion) this season. Why is that?
This could be considered the trickiest competition in world rugby to win. For us, promotion is a distant thought and is not discussed in our team room. I have read a lot of news from the Championship where coaches and players from clubs talk about being in the Premiership.
Our goal this season is to build a culture that creates an identity at Bristol. We want to prepare well for every game, setting first class standards in everything that we do, we haven't spoken about anything else. We're a very ambitious group of people, and our goal is to achieve what we have set out above.
Q. You recently announced the signing of Henry Vanderglas. With the transfer window closing this week, can we expect to hear some more signing news?
I'm really pleased to have added Henry to the squad. I followed his progress for several years on the World Sevens Series and he's got plenty of Super Rugby experience with the Brumbies.
We brought in Luke Eves and Matthew Jones on permanent deals in the week building up to the transfer deadline, while Bath prop Mark Lilley has signed on a dual-registration agreement to give us some options in the front row.
The most important thing with any player we recruit is to ensure that they contribute to our culture and their characters are well suited to our environment
Q. Bristol have recorded some huge crowds this season at The Mememorial Stadium. How much of a difference does it make to the squad to have 7,000 supporters cheering them on?
It makes a huge difference to the players. You only have to look at our form at the Memorial Stadium to see that the supporters have inspired the team onto victory on more than one occasion.
Rugby is an entertainment sport, and I believe the Bristol supporters connect with what we are about and the kind of rugby we want to play. We express ourselves on the field, and all we ask of the players is to be true to Bristol Fashion.
Q. Finally, Bristol have a tough test ahead this weekend, with Rotherham travelling to the West Country. After your loss to Welsh two weeks ago, how important is it to get a win and maintain that unbeaten home record?
We learnt some lessons about ourselves at Old Deer Park and it's sharpened our focus for the remainder of the campaign. As a team, we will stick to our values and our identity about how we play the game.
Rotherham inflicted our heaviest defeat of the season in October – a 44-6 defeat at Clifton Lane. No team have beaten us home and away this season and one of our goals is to ensure that this doesn't happen.
I feel as though we have improved as a team since then, but I am still expecting Sunday's match to be one of our toughest contests to date.


text:
|NSFW Content
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What do you think? Give us your opinion. Anonymous comments allowed.
#29 - cinematicbrix (08/30/2013) [-]
Good joke, but it still really doesn't explain how there was only 1 customer that day.
#31 to #30 - cinematicbrix (08/30/2013) [-]
#36 to #33 - anonymous (08/30/2013) [-]
See, the whole day thing makes sense. After all, it fits with the facts. For one thing, it takes awhile to get all that done, regardless of whether you have to convince someone to do it or help them do it or just make the decision as to what you will buy. Further, he admitted he had to leave the store to sell multiple of the items. Now your stupid assumption that there was only one customer is much easier to work around. There are almost no facts supporting your assumption. He worked with one customer. But he was also away from the desk for much of the day. So any number of them could have come in and not talked to him about buying something. And if you only average 20-30 people in a day, in just about any store that isn't in the middle of no where (which an all in one store is not likely to be) then there has to be more people working. We have three gas stations in a town with a population of 1,000 people. Every one of them gets more customers in an hour than that.


text:
Voiced by Daveigh ChaseA gangly, ten-year-old human girl, heroine of the movie. At first Chihiro is sullen, whiny, and afraid, with an annoying voice and sulky face. After her name is changed to Sen, she becomes brave and self-sufficient enough to free herself and her parents from the spirit world. As Sen evolves, her voice becomes less grating and her expression lifts and glows. By the end of the movie, when she becomes Chihiro again, her features appear much more mature. She is notable for her lack of greed, her respect for her elders, and her kindness toward others. These qualities cause those she meets to respect, love, and help her.
Voiced by Jason MarsdenA mysterious, secretive boy of about sixteen who can take the form of a flying dragon. He works for Yubaba, doing rather underhanded deeds such as stealing magic from others, but also has his own agenda. Haku helps Chihiro find an inner strength to survive in the spirit world. Alternatively gruff and gentle, he recognizes Chihiro when he meets her. However, he doesn't remember why he knows her, nor does he remember why he can't leave the bathhouse. Later, we learn he is a river spirit who once saved Chihiro's life and that his real name is Kohaku River.
Voiced by Suzanne PleshetteA witch who runs the bathhouse and gives Chihiro a job. Yubaba is strict, greedy, and quick to anger, but she's also fair and a stickler for following the rules of the spirit world. She understands the power of identity and changes her workers' names as a means of control, such as when she changes Chihiro's name to Sen. Yubaba is perfectly groomed and heavily bejeweled, and her head is huge in proportion to her body. As befits her station in life, she lives in opulent rooms at the top of the bathhouse.
Read an in-depth analysis of Yubaba.
Voiced by Suzanne PleshetteYubaba's kinder twin sister. She helps Sen recognize what was inside her all along. Zeniba is the only one with power equal to Yubaba's, and she's an important key to the conclusion. She explains the other characters' previous lives to Sen, who then confides to Zeniba that her real name is Chihiro. Zeniba critiques Yubaba's lifestyle and misguided parenting style. In contrast to Yubaba's luxurious quarters, Zeniba lives in a modest cottage far from the bathhouse.
Read an in-depth analysis of Zeniba.
Voiced by Tara StrongYubaba's giant, spoiled baby. Yubaba keeps him isolated in a luxurious room, surrounded by soft pillows. Boh knows only what his mother chooses to tell him, until Sen expands his world. Although Boh is huge, he's completely helpless. Boh is, in fact, what Chihiro might have turned out to be if she hadn't come to the spirit world. Later, Zeniba turns Boh into a mouse, which allows him to escape his isolated state.
Voiced by David Ogden-StiersA spider-like spirit that runs the boiler room. He's the first to witness the humanity that makes Chihiro special.
Voiced by Susan EganThe main female bathhouse worker. Lin is initially gruff with Chihiro but comes to admire her and act as her big sister.
No voice creditA sad, voiceless spirit. When No-Face tries to repay Sen for her kindness to him, the results are disastrous. He takes on a frog/worker's voice after he eats the worker.
No voice creditOne of two birds with Yubaba's head. This one is Yubaba's pet, and the other is Yubaba herself. Yubaba turns herself into a bird to monitor the village. Her pet is turned into a fly by Zeniba.
Voiced by Michael ChiklisHis arrogance begins the chain of events that binds Chihiro in virtual slavery.
Voiced by Lauren HollyStrong enough not to give in to Chihiro's whining, but follows her husband in spite of her misgivings.
No voice creditAn ancient river spirit that has been polluted. To thank her for cleaning him, he gives Sen a food reward that enables her to purge others of what ails them.
No voice creditEnchanted soot works for Kamaji and haul coal in the boiler room. Chihiro's kindness to the soot makes Kamaji her first ally.
No voice creditThree disembodied heads that act as attendants for Yubaba. They move by bouncing around on the floor and make odd ponging noises, like video game characters.
I've noticed that several of my followers are Miyazaki fans, so I thought I share this little tidbit of information with you about Spirited Away.
I always wondered why the symbol "ゆ" (said "yu") was on the door to the bath house. I asked my Japanese teacher, and he wasn't too sure so I did a little research.
The symbol is used on the entrance to 温泉 (onsen) and 銭湯 (sento), or Japanese bath houses. The word "yu" is translated to "hot water". So, makes sense to be on a bath house, yes?
Then I d... Read more→
152 out of 157 people found this helpful
Although this page puts it that Chihiro and Haku share a purely platonic, brother/sister love, this is not true. For one thing, it just doesn't seem like it in the movie. For another, and more importantly, when the movie is played in Chinese, the boiler man (or Zeniba, I forget who) refers to Haku as Chihiro's 男朋友 which means boyfriend. So definitely, romantic relationship there.
5 out of 7 people found this helpful
I always wondered why Kamaji told Chihiro that the train used to go two ways, yet it only goes one way now. He could have just told her that it goes one way, right?
Does the conjecture; the train symbolises going to the afterlife, and that our lack of belief has caused it to become a one way trip, make sense?
2 out of 2 people found this helpful


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Honorable Mention Artists
Corey Postiglione
Associate Professor, Art History + Fine Art
Columbia College Chicago
Water Street Studios is honored to have Corey Postiglione as our Guest Juror for our 2nd Year Anniversary Show.
September 30 - December 31, 2011
Out of the many artists who submit for the show, the jury
panel has selected 10 Honorable Mention Artists
and one of them will be Best of Show.
Best of Show artists will be announced during the show at 7p on the main floor gallery.
- Best of Show artists will be awarded: Free two week Solo Show in Water Street Studios 2nd floor gallery, valued at $200.
- Honorable Mention artists will be awarded: Announcement on Water Street Studios website, submitted artwork images on Anniversary Postcards, and Honorable Mention Acknowledgment Name Tag in the gallery.
Audio brographies of the artists in our Winter Show will be available for free download as well as two players in the gallery for visitors to incorporate into their visit. Click here for a full sensory experience: click here.
Eric Akcevak
Glacial Kiss
Brad Pogatetz
Eunyoung Suh
Kari Kraus
Tim Kowalczyk
Jen Evens
Aurora, East
Rita Grendze
Hanspeter Ricklin
The Convention of the Muses
Ana Zanic
Sharon Sychta
Manual Dexterity