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TYT ANA! February 19, 2011
It's Ana from TheYoungTurks on YouTube!
dom June 23, 2010
She's got Skillz!!!! Loves what she does!!!! More Please from her????!!!!
C February 28, 2011
fuck that grinding on his cock thing is making me so wet...
Fuck me March 4, 2011
his moaning is turning me on. wanna be lick and fuck by him
Con-naisseur March 5, 2011
Great pov shots here. If I hire a girl this is exactly the way I like her to behave at the beginning, to get things going in a sensuous manner, before the sucking and fucking get under way.
Clint February 9, 2011
A star is born. Lovely girl for a sexy evening of fucking
oscar January 31, 2011
How could he not fuck her?
fake orgasm January 24, 2011
she faked it to make him feel goo....probably bad idea to tell girl to cum on command and expect real thing
Tina January 28, 2011
@ mirz I have shaved since I was about 16. Once in a while I will leave a little hair if my bf asks me to, but generally I dont really like body hair period. Even on a guy. I like it when my bf shaves too. Maybe not totally shaved down there, but trimmed really close on top and definitely shave his balls. I told him he gets more attention down there when he is shaved. LOL
suze January 28, 2011
my pussy got so wet when I saw that video
h8rrkilr January 29, 2011
super sexy, could have been better w/a hot fuck scene & a better pop shot. she is a fuckin fresh slice of heaven
pusssssyyy March 6, 2011
the suckinnng uuuf i'm jaalouse giirl :@
shit March 8, 2011
wet .
I EAT THEM ALL April 7, 2011
!!! Who is she anyone ? Where can I see More of her ? Fuck jerking off on her I would have creampied her !!!
Ash April 11, 2011
wana be lick by him!
me April 27, 2011
the high 5 makes me laugh
girl April 28, 2011
could someone lick my pussy or give me a hard core sex !!
hoot `n nanny April 5, 2011
for somebody that is hot and horny she can suck me off
I Wanna Fuck this GIRL!!! April 1, 2011
...my message is above....
boy from qc March 23, 2011
laki ng pekpek.. sarap kainin
:) March 24, 2011
yeahhhh :D
xxx March 29, 2011
hate to see a great sex video ruined by the guy jerking off to cum. why? you're having great sex....so of course stop what you;re doing to whack off and climax. so weak, man. so weak.
OMG March 31, 2011
beautiful dick! beautiful balls! beautiful pussy! so fuckable couple!!
saucyredhead January 21, 2011
he is fucking sexy
mirz January 20, 2011
mmm...so..who likes it all shaved? personally I prefer some hair, but the sight of a bare pussy through sheer tight panties is verrry yummy..
megan December 20, 2010
sorry but he just sounds like a tool. turned me off. but shes cute...
jollyon December 20, 2010
very hot girl
Bob December 24, 2010
This girl looks like the choo choo soul girl on playhouse disney. Anybody confirm or deny?
shay December 25, 2010
men learn from this guy - he knows how to eat a girl out!
BTW December 20, 2010
Are they from New Jersey??
dd27 December 13, 2010
boy i would love to fuck this girl. incredible tits
Name December 2, 2010
She is a porn star. Her name is Sarah Blake
BeastMan December 4, 2010
Dang Tina. I've seen some of your posts on a couple different videos and you sound like you are a down ass female. I don't know where you're at, but if you live within 500 miles of me, I would walk it just to meet you.
name June 14, 2010
sarah blake i think
Japanese girl December 11, 2010
Oh...this is great sex! I bet I will cum when he sucks my pussy and I rub his cock with my pussy and when he fucks me... I want such hot guy right now!
rocco December 25, 2010
natural... shaving all your body hair off...?
Ned December 29, 2010
I can eat out girls better... and what was the end all about? she is smokin though
Blow a load January 14, 2011
When she bends over wearing knickers to reveal her sump you know that is gonna be worth waiting to see, then when her knickers come off to reveal that she has one mighty meaty burger bap between her legs you know it just has to be eaten !!
c84 January 15, 2011
Decent video, but such a sad ending-- she looks so startled by the cumshot, tiny and brief as it is. A good partner shouldn't be caught off-guard by an orgasm, even one as disappointing as his.
juliet January 17, 2011
he licks really good! i wanna be licked and then ride his cock ;)
errt January 19, 2011
She is perfect!
me January 13, 2011
It is a nice video, but he needs to fuck her ass.
hotasian January 13, 2011
hey he can eat good!
nightbird January 4, 2011
any girl here who wants to ride my cock like this?
Tina January 10, 2011
@ Beastman LOL, I am in North Carolina, but be careful, I have a bf and 2 older brothers, they watch out for me.
Diiu January 12, 2011
only he had sex there
nay January 13, 2011
she's sexy and i love the way that he eats her...just like he love pussy!!
Freckles April 29, 2011
If only I could fuck a girl as hot as her...I'm too shy to look for one at a club. Bi-sexual and looking :)
cumshot failed lolz May 2, 2011
Failed on the finish line ;( Sad :s
Daddy July 29, 2011
I hate this girl she made me break my computer when I shot my cum out Ahhhhh
Daddy July 29, 2011
I hate this girl! She made me break my computer when I shot my cum out
gurL August 2, 2011
omg! the guy is sooooooo HOT! i want him to lick and fuck my pussy
udo August 5, 2011
omg wie geil sie ist.......
wet latina August 6, 2011
A little less dick sucking, please. More tending to her vagina! -________- Boring as fuck.
MissM July 27, 2011
I hate that he's such a turn-off (Pauly =/= hot. Sorry I'm not sorry.) ...but he does know how to eat right. Damn. Agreed that the grinding is way more erotic than straight-up fucking. I *love* that he straight-up asks her what she likes. COMMUNICATION IS HOT, Y'ALL.
Karen July 9, 2011
She is so hot! What a body! Her tits are perfect, and I'd luv to get my tongue in her pussy.
amara June 29, 2011
that guy is a good licker wanna be lick by him
loverrr June 30, 2011
I would LOVE to have my pussy sucked like that. I'm so horny right now.
throbbing July 5, 2011
she looks like my boss at work... i'd clock in and cum on those tits and that face every day
asdf July 9, 2011
he didn't hit that?
eitch August 8, 2011
she is very good, he not
Jonas August 15, 2011
What, no fucking? This dude must be wacked not to stick it in that beautiful pussy.....all her cared about was getting sucked and stroking his cock....
nothing_than_her September 13, 2011
god, she ist beautiful!
bush lover September 15, 2011
Sarah Blake is so hot. Oh I wish I was 21.
dan September 17, 2011
great vid. I thought he was going to kiss her with cum in her mouth for awaile...I wished so......He did kiss her during her sucking and that was hot
Bobbie September 20, 2011
What a lovely pussy for kissing and sucking and the guy's cock looks so good in her mouth
just got laid September 13, 2011
just posted a video with my girlfriend
Muc September 9, 2011
what a perfect body
d August 21, 2011
que ricas nalgas
oldchoolrobert August 25, 2011
She is a babe more of you please!
Daam August 26, 2011
fucking hot! Great video
$moketh August 29, 2011
I made some of my own movies ;p this one is great though
hot babe June 28, 2011
im fuckin wet..i wanna get fucked
Willscarl June 26, 2011
What a gorgeous girl with a heavenly body. So young, and looked so innocent - until she started gobbling his cock like a veteran. How could he not fuck her!!?? But what a tiny load he shot after all that!
jane May 17, 2011
he u handsome guy can u lick my pussy too.. hmmmm
ron May 18, 2011
nice video
Rob May 20, 2011
Heerlijk zeg!
I Love Porn May 21, 2011
Here name is Sarah Blake.
swags July 2, 2010
definately sarah blake. SMOKIN!
giggle May 15, 2011
after downloading such a hottie the poor quality destoys the mood. u must improve the quality of picute. ur efforts are appreciable.
Jiggles May 4, 2011
Damn, this girl is hot!
Red and Pink May 6, 2011
She's so HOT and knows how to go with it... like music for the eyes...and COCK!
Ty May 12, 2011
Who is this?
sexme May 13, 2011
fucking good stuf
NO May 22, 2011
This girl isn't hot as heaven. SHE'S HOT AS HELLL
Rene Mayer May 23, 2011
tiene la vagina como mi novia
ouhuhh June 15, 2011
Pity he's such a moron ..... a real turn off.
nomita June 22, 2011
the girl has performed real good
ossie2u June 26, 2011
Adorable girl. I'm in love with her. I love how she manages his dick with her own pussy, not taking it straight in. This is VERY erotic stuff, I am glad they didn't have conventional intercourse. This is much more erotic.
He likes his own cum? June 26, 2011
So do many of u other guys like to taste your own cum?
zonk June 1, 2011
I've watched her on a couple of good full length vids. She is really really great to watch. no matter what she is eating, sucking or fucking. Definitely one of my favourites !
bull May 30, 2011
cum i will pound u girl
Ann May 25, 2011
Nice long and thick cock!
Kathi May 26, 2011
She's great but he's in tons of gay porn
Belen May 26, 2011
Wooow, this guy is fantastic...
69isfine May 27, 2011
hey Tina sounds to me like you need your pussy pounded really hard, my dick is steel hard and slicked up with precum just for you baby.
gah November 25, 2010
I Want his cock!!!!!!!!!!!
Wha? November 24, 2010
Just finished wiping up. Amazing girl. Pity about the cum shot.
objective July 6, 2012
one of the best if not the best!
Happy Camper June 22, 2012
Another nice pussy with nice tits, all was good except for the cumshot. Would love to spend an hour with her.
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text:
How long can a patient go without urinating after receiving a Duramorph spinal? - page 2
I had a patient come back from a TKA at 1500. I'm a new grad, and this was my first fresh ortho surgical that I've had. He received a Duramorph spinal as well as general anesthesia. The patient did not have a foley. I asked if... Read More
- 0Dec 21, '12 by nats2012i have a question on how to assess a patient after an abdominal surgery for example when shuould you expect to hear bowel sounds, passing gas or bm. For example in nursing school I was taught if a patient has no bowel sounds they should not eat but I saw a patient that was 1 day post op with no bowel sounds but was on a clear liquid diet. I dont understand when bowel sounds should be heard and when the diet should be advanced.
- 0Dec 29, '12 by DeBerhamQuote from beauty912Did the EXACT SAME THING.I work on an ortho floor and if a patient doesn't void in 6 hours, we bladder scan and do a straight cath. Lots of times I'll even scan @ 5 hours just to see how much is in there. I always tell the patient around hour 4 or 5 ( if I haven't already) what interventions will take place at hour 6. Sometimes hearing about a catheter really motivates people to void on their own. Especially men. LOL
- 0Dec 30, '12 by blue heeleri am more liberal with time for peeing and our ortho usually writes for a straight cath if the bladder scanner shows more than 600. 2400 is not a lot of fluid after a joint surgery.
- 0Jan 14, '13 by ipaharpoonI work in Pediatric Surgery, lots of Ortho. We let 8-10 hours go by and most kids use most of the time. The longest I'll let them go is 12. Perhaps the reason why this seems more than most posts is how traumtic something like cathing is for a kid. Most of the time if they need the cath, they'll be begging for it by the time it's inserted.
- 0Jan 21, '13 by tigerrnQuote from willyRN86AccordingI had a patient come back from a TKA at 1500. I'm a new grad, and this was my first fresh ortho surgical that I've had. He received a Duramorph spinal as well as general anesthesia. The patient did not have a foley. I asked if the patient peed in recovery, the surgical nurse stated no. He had 2400 mL of fluids in during the surgery and he was a very large gentleman and had peed before they took him in at 1200, which the surgical nurse told me it was fine if he didn't pee for awhile. I had the patient try to pee at about 1830, even though he couldn't feel like he had to pee. The patient had full sensation back from his spinal (another story all together). The doctor came in at 1845 and was furious he hadn't peed yet. How long is it OK to wait for a patient to pee after getting a spinal?? Any thoughts? I felt terrible!
- 0Jan 21, '13 by tigerrnQuote from tigerrnAccording to standards of practice, eight hours is your window. Studies show after this time , bacteria will begin to grow. The same reason nurses have frequent UTIs. Certainly your order takes priority. And as for bladder scanners, they are about as accurate as a warped boomerang! Happy cathing!
- 0Feb 21, '13 by cjcalimerOur Duramorph patients always keep their foley till 6am POD#1 (which is part of the reason we don't use it anymore). As far as voiding, our docs tends to be pretty laid back about it. I'd bladder scan at 6-8 hours unless the patient was complaining of discomfort. We don't cath unless the volume is over 500 or a ridiculous amount of time has passed. The answer is usually give them more time and get them up and walking. And if they're peeing at all, even as little as 25-50mL, they won't cath them unless the volume get up around 700 or 800 or they're uncomfortable. Everything is about the minimum intervention possible.
- 0Mar 27, '13 by habs18Our window is 6-8 hours for our patient to urinate, when they haven't in the slotted time we get our bladder scanner and check to see if the patient is even making urine or is just dehydrated. Many times if the patients bladder is holding less than 200mL we won't straight cath the patient but inform the doctor that the patient has inadequate mL's of urine.
Unfortunately many older male patients suffer from BPH or other prostate problems and they can be difficult to straight cath or require multiple straight catharsis (many doctors on my unit will order straight cath PRN q6hrs x3).

subset: commoncrawl


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Interview 7 December 2008
Behind the Big Ripoff
an interview by
- An interview with Timothy P. Carney
A "conservative character [is] suspicious of doctrinaire alteration, respectful toward history, preferring variety over uniformity, acknowledging a moral order composed of human persons, not of mere political and economic atoms subservient to the state."
Russell Kirk, A Program for Conservatives, 1954
The Edmund Burke Society of America is pleased to announce a call for papers and open registration for "Edmund Burke and Patriotism," their third conference on Edmund Burke. It will be held on February 27 and 28, 2015 at Villanova University. Keynote addresses will be from David Bromwich, Michael Brown, and Regina Janes. Please see this link for details and to register. (27 Aug 2014)


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Bored? We're not! Come find out why!!
Help plan the events for the semester! 4PM in Worcester, Trustees Room (Student Center, 1st floor)
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On going research work in the department of Computer Science.
- Implementation of mobile agents and multiagent - Implementation of Unification algorithm - Implementation of Ontology using examination results as a domain.
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Giada Del Fabbro looks at the nature and nurture of white-collar crime.
Can physiology determine the frenzy of bubble behaviour, asks Ian Mann.
Notification of share dealing by an associate of a director of Sephaku Holdings
Sephaku Holdings Limited
(Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa)
(Registration number: 2005/003306/06)
Share code: SEP
("Sephaku Holdings" or "the Company")
Notification of share dealing by an associate of a director of Sephaku Holdings
In compliance with paragraphs 3.63 to 3.66 of the JSELimited Listings Requirements
shareholders are hereby notified that Sephaku Holdings shares were sold in the open
market by an associate to a director of the Company.
The details are as follows:
Name of associate: Mrs. Sandra de Bruin
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Category of director: Non-executive
Name of company: Sephaku Holdings
Date of transaction: 26 November 2012
Price of securities: 20 000 shares at R2.85 per share
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Class of securities: Ordinary shares
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Reuters senior correspondent Jon Herskovitz describes what led to the bloodiest crackdown by police in South Africa since the end of apartheid. (Reuters)
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Political Hacking Hits MySpace with Another Worm
July 18th, 2006 by SecuriTeam, Filed under: Commentary, Culture, Virus, Web
as before with myspace and xanga, there is a new worm lurking on myspace with javascript in profile pages. this time for political reasons.
from chaseandsam:
well, well. somebody has managed to hack myspace.com with a flash based redirect that exploits what is apparently a gaping wide hole in the myspace code. if you are signed into myspace, and you go to a friends page, and then find yourself redirected to a blog post containing a diatribe about how the united states government is behind the 9/11 attacks, then your account has been hacked, and everyone who visits your page will be infected!! yes, it's true, at least for now – everybody who visits an infected profile while signed into their myspace account will have their page hijacked!
gadi evron,


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What does OTL mean in Military?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand OTL in the Governmental field in general and in the Military terminology in particular.
Operations and Transport Liaison
Find a translation for OTL in other languages:
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Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"OTL." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 21 Dec. 2014. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/139008>.
OTL also stands for:
- Obese Taiwanese Leprechauns
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- Of The Lake
- Office for Teaching and Learning
- Office of Technology Licensing
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Style guide & best practices for ActionScript 3 (AS3)
Published by Nicholas Dunbar on January 24th, 2011
Adobe Flash Best Practices and ActionScript 3 Style Guide.
"Code that only you can understand does not make you an advanced coder." - Some Smart Guy
When you look at a variable, class or function name, the way that the code is written should clearly denote to you what it is, where it is located, how it's declared and something about what it does. Our goal is to name constructs in such a way that all these things are instantly apparent. We not only are looking at readable code but efficient and secure code.
Secondly we are looking at good asset management and FLA structure to improve the organization of the development pipeline.
Avoid Dogma
Remember, that these syntax recommendations are just guidelines. There may be a few times that the naming scheme makes coding more difficult or you have a strong reason for making an exception. In these instances you may break from the standard. However, it is a good idea to learn to be consistent so that conforming to the style becomes automatic.
Folder structure
There are a few folders that should be used as a standard when creating projects.
All action script 3.0, classes will be stored in this folder.
All fonts should be saved in a fonts directory. Sometimes you will use a font then break apart the text field to turn it into a shape for a shape tween or another reason. It is suggested that when you do this you note the font name that you used in the layer name where the text is first appears, so that if later the text needs to be manipulated you will remember what font was used. This is also useful when recycling content years later when a new developer needs to customize the text for a new project and doesn't have the font installed on his machine.
Attention: When using static or dynamic text, the operating system draws the device fonts, which are therefore unaffected by the quality property and can lead to small point differences. The fonts used should be compatible with both the mac and PC. This means tested on both systems. Don't assume that just because most TrueType and OpenType fonts work most of the time on both systems that you're in the clear. When a font that only works on one system is necessary then break apart the text. This is of course only necessary if your development team is using multiple OS(s).
Source images
All original JPG, PNG, GIF, ect. images imported to flash should exist in some external folder and be stored there in the project so that if we want to edit that image at a later date, we can just update the asset in the library rather than re-importing the changes as a new asset. (a good practice can be to store all source images in a standard directory structure at the root, like C:/sourceImages/yourName/ this way it will update on any machine if they have your source files and you will avoid naming conflicts.) If you are using a central asset storage server then you will want to beable to map the drive under a defined drive letter that is the same for all developers and import images from there. Even though the image paths will not work cross mac and pc, if one of your team mates needs to reimport an image this will make it much easier to do so.
Primary Naming Guidelines
When writting code native ActionScript is our guide. If classes are always capitalized then your classes will always be capitalized, if they use camel case you use camel case (more on camel case below), etc. Most importantly, an application's naming scheme must be consistent and names should be chosen for readability. This means that names should be understandable words or phrases. The primary function or purpose of any entity should be obvious from its name. The name should not imply that it does any more than it actually does.
Since ActionScript is a dynamically typed language (objects, arrays, XML, dynamic classes), the name should also contain a suffix that defines the type of object being referred to by the name. In general, "noun-verb" and "adjective-noun" phrases are the most natural choice for names. For example:
- Class objects (first letter always capitalized) ScrollBar
- Object Contructor actionscript 3.0 (always put classes in folder named classes, this way a declaration will always be obvious to what it is. The first letter of the constructor is always capitalized. You will see this syntax in native flash constructor objects like new Array() ) – var ThingsList = new ExtendedArray();
- Variable names – waterSpeed (notice first letter of a variable name or function name is lower case, then between each word is defined by using an upper case letter, this is called camel case, and is the standard in ActionScript )
- Variable names – soundVolume
- Frame labels – -hello-world (no spaces or underscores. This helps the user know what kind of data we are dealing with in cases where it's not obvious. Ex: someLoc_str = "-say-hello"; because it starts with a dash we know it's a frame label right away, some kind of prefix is advisable for example "label-hello-world", "frame-hellow-world", etc.You choose it, just be consistent. I personally like the dash "-" because it is short )
- ActionScript 2.0 coders should notice the difference between classes and data types. int, unint, void, ect… all start with lower case because it's a single native data type, rather than a native data type the represents some sort of collection like MovieClip, Array and Classes.
- Avoid using reserved words or language constructs as variable names in external data files, because doing so makes reading and debugging your code more difficult, especially when custom functions are highlighted as native to flash in your code editor.
Classes and object constructors, should be capitalized.
Function names and variables should begin with a lower case letter.
Functions should always use verbs, nouns are objects.
When creating handlers or call backs, choose the suffix handler, proxy, or callback and always be at the back of the function name. ex: userDataHandler();
Handlers or callbacks make code very difficult to debug through just reading the code. It is strongly advised that you avoid using callbacks whenever possible except in the cases where the function call is asynchronous.
When creating listeners, the word listener should always be somewhere in the function name. ex: userDataListener ();
In addition, words that are used by ActionScript should never be used as names. Also avoid using variable names of common programming constructs, even if the Flash Player does not currently support those constructs. This helps to ensure that future versions of the player will not conflict with the application. For example, do not do the following:
- var = "foo";
- MovieClip = "myMovieClip";
- switch = "on";
- case = false;
- abstract = "bar";
- extends = true;
- implements = 5;
Since ActionScript is ECMAScript compliant, application authors can refer to current and future ECMA specification to view a list of reserved words.
Flash enforces the use of constant variables, authors should use a naming scheme that indicates the intent of variables. Constant names should be all upper case and separated with underscores for readability. For example:
- const BASEURL = http://www.foo.com; //constant
- const MAX_COUNT_LIMIT = 10; //constant
Distinguishing static variables from instance variables: From within a class that defines the static variable you should always reference them using the class name so that it is understood that this modification applies to all classes not just that instance. This also prevents static variables from being over written by local vars that may be declared in the local scope of a function. When a variable is not scoped flash first looks to see if that var exists locally if it doesn't then it looks up the function call stack and then onto the object stack thus if you create a "shadow var" in a function with the same name as the static variable you will need the class name to distinguish the local from the static. Here is an example of how you should access static variables (the same convention should be used when using static functions):
package {
internal class TheObject {
private static var identifier = "your mom";
public function changeValue(){
TheObject.identifier = "his mom";
Code hints (Code hint suffixes are only provided for historical reasons, in AS3 avoid using underscored suffixes)
The Flash ActionScript editor in old versions to cs4 has built-in code completion support based on code suffixes. In order to take advantage of this, without using strict data typing, variables must be named in a specific format. The flex perspective/IDE will auto detect your object type so in this case suffixing would be unecessary (See bellow for helpful suffixes under flex). The default format is to suffix the variable name with a string that indicates the variable type. Below is a table of supported suffix strings. The next two tables should be strictly adhered to for code readability. Not all data objects are listed here follow the example code in the Adobe Flash ActionScript documentation to find out what the standard suffix strings for code hinting is for each object. Though with flash 9 code hints is being replaced by strict data typing it will not auto detect the types you use that are passed from function parameters so it is best to continue with the code hints. If you are using flex builder/flash builder and you are exporting your SWCs correctly you do not need to follow this check out helpful suffixes under the flex IDE instead.
The following table lists the suffixes required for support of automatic code hinting:
Object type
Variable suffix
For information on using code hints when they appear, see Using code hints.
The following suffix strings are not supported in flash's code editor but we feel are necessary for consistency since these are commonly used in different publications.
Component Parameter
isOpen_bl see more for Booleans below
Scalars, custom classes and dynamic variables (except for certain cases listed under naming for flex) don't need suffixes. For naming custom classes a suffix isn't necessary but sometimes an indicator of that objects class can be incorporated into the name for clairity if the class name does a good job of explaining what the object does. For example:
myFLVPlayer = new Player();
Helpful suffixes used with the Flex Builder/Flash Builder IDE.
Mc or DisplayListMc: Since using suffixes is really a Flash IDE practice, Movie clips which show up on stage should still always be suffixed with mc. No _mc because when coding in flex camel case is the standard practice. This allows the programmer to clearly spot objects that are assumed to exist on the stage. It is very confusing when you see a MovieClip being accessed but you don't see its decairation anywhere. This practice saves the programmer time by allowing him/her to see that the MovieClip is being declaired on the stage just by looking at it. You can choose the suffix I don't like DisplayListMc because it is verbose and makes for a lot of typing. Feel free to invent your own but make sure that you are in agreement with everyone working on your code. Mc is very common so I suggest just sticking to that standard. Ex: playersCarGraphicMc
Obj: Dynamic objects should have obj some where in there name so that it is easy to find runtime errors. The use of the Object dynamic class creates slow running and hard to debug code. When you can, use a non dynamic class instead. Ex: mysteryBoxObj
Txt: Text that is found on stage should be suffixed with Txt. This is of course in line with the idea with Mc. Ex: scoreTxt
Btn: Buttons that are found on stage should be suffixed with Btn. This is of course in line with the idea with Mc. Ex: playNowBtn
When you are not sure where a symbol is located, this will help you identify that it is a graphical asset that lives on the timeline. Xml objects should always have the text xml some where inside it. testXML. Arrays should always be named as somethingArray, somethingList or more subtly be plural "things". I prefere using List and Array because like the Obj suffix it allows me to identify dynamic code. With ActionScript 10 or later you should avoid arrays and use Vector.
Passing by reference.
It is discouraged to reference members of another class from inside another. Clear APIs should be defined to pass information back and forth, or a clear event architecture should be established. But when you are in a rush there is nothing like passing a reference to an object into another object, and there is nothing that provokes confusion at a later date. To minimize confusion always finish your variables with Ref example: objRef. Make sure that when you pass the reference to the class it should always be done though an obvious and deliberate function. Always use registerMyClass(instanceOfMyClass) register is commonly used and you can easily spot it. Never pass references like this:
myNewClassInstance.objRef = otherClassInstance.
Further more if you store the reference passed through the function inside the class it is important to show that it is a reference. Make sure that you comment the member variable as to where the reference comes from and where it is passed in, along with suffixing the variable with Ref.
//here is what the function declaration looks like on myNewClassInstance
public function registerOtherClass(otherClass:OtherClass):void{
_otherClassRef = otherClass;
Here we are passing a class in by reference. If you have to pass something in by reference to get around the way you archetected your code it is much better to pass a class in so that where the reference comes from is clear. For example if you would like to pass in someArray you should pass in the class and then access the array off of the class.
The underscore at the front of variable names.
Naming variables starting with an underscore is a practice from ActionScript 2 that copies Macromedia's usage to denote objects of the nature of _root or _global and properties of classes like _x. In ActionScript 3 these two usages of the front side underscore are out of date. You now only see the front side underscore for denoting private variables in a class. This can be seen commonly in various developers work, like joey lott's and danny patterson's book, actionscript 3 with design patterns.
Some programmers use the suffix as a dummy object for quick coding. Then you can just use the sufix for quick typing and still have access to code hinting. It is suggested that you simply use dummyStr or dumStr, dumMc, ect. This should be used only sparingly. Here is an example:
//this is bad, many programmers reserve this for private members of a class
_mc = this.aMovieClip_mc;
_mc.x = 1;
_mc.visible = true;
_mc = this.anotherMovieClip_mc;
_mc.x = 1;
_mc.visible = true;
//this is good
dumMc = this.aMovieClip_mc;
dumMc.x = 1;
dumMc.visible = true;
dumMc = this.anotherMovieClip_mc;
dumMc.x = 1;
dumMc.visible = true;
Now that _global and _root no longer exist and properties are handled differently (example x and y values no longer use underscores), you should consider some other possibilities discussed below.
Using the 'this', Class Files, and the front side underscore as prefixes.
Consider denoting class properties by attaching the "this" keyword (this.classProperty). This is much less contrived and uses actual functional constructs of the language. However, when you are referring to static variables you will have to use a simular but different technique. To access and identify static properties of the class you can reference them externally and internally with the class name. Ex: logger.loggingLevel = Logger.SERIOUS_ERRORS; This makes the coder instantly aware that SERIOUS_ERRORS is a static member of all logger instances since it's clear that it's attached to the Logger class. This is very compatible with using front side underscores to denote private. Logger._PRIVATE_ERROR, or this._privateMember as used internally to the class. It differentiates static properties, class instance properties and variables inside the function scope. Another way of denoting the scope of a variable is denoting inheritance with super.inheritedVal. These are just possibilities, most programmers stick to using front side underscores for private members and choose to leave the scope ambiguous.
Naming Boolean Variables
Start Boolean variables with the word "is" when ever you can (because a Boolean value either "is" or "is not" because of its nature). Therefore, you might use the following for whether a baby is a girl or not (which is a Boolean value).
isGirl = true;
Naming Interfaces
Starting interface names with an uppercase "I" helps you distinguish an interface from a class. The following interface name, IEmployeeRecords, uses an initial uppercase letter and concatenated words with mixed case, as follows:
interface IEmployeeRecords{}
Note: this is common and is strongly advised because it is how Adobe names interfaces, but it has often been criticized. Another standard to consider is Putting the 'I' at the end EmployeeRecordsI this way in your package the files group together by first letter. In the end what is important is to use whatever is already established among developers for consistency. Flash uses the convention of 'I' first (see IEventDispatcher), so it is best to stay consistent with the language that Flash/ActionScript already uses.
Naming Getters and Setters
When using the following function declarations in your classes.
public function get isLoggedInGet():Boolean{
return this.isLoggedIn;
public function set isLoggedInSet(isLgdIn:Boolean):Void{
this.isLoggedIn = isLgdIn;
The reason for this is that when you use these getters and setters it gets confusing for someone looking at your class from the exterior because you can't tell that the value is being passed into a function and thus can be manipulated. For example:
public function get isLogIn():Boolean{
return this. isLoggedIn;
public function set isLogIn(isLgdIn:Boolean):Void{
isLgdIn = ! isLgdIn;
this. isLoggedIn = isLgdIn;
This is an extreme example where the programmer might be very confused why when he types someClass. isLogIn = true and then he traces someClass.isLogIn traces he gets false. If the functions are suffixed with get and set then the user knows that something may be happening inside the function call and that they are not looking at direct assignment. It is important to note that if you are trying to obfuscate what is happening inside your code than avoiding a naming convention is appropriate. Even in the debugger getters and setters look indistinguishable from variables. Mainly this functionality was developed for obfuscating functionality and for control of read/write access. If you have no need to control read write or to obfuscate your code then just use someClass.setIsLogin(true).
To avoid confusion, suffix all setters and getters with 'set' and 'get'.
public function set isLogInSet
public function get isLogInGet
Variable names that use or are acronyms
There are two ways about it – populationInUSA or populationInUsa. Standardize based on your existing code or consensus among developers. I prefere populationInUSA because it is how Flash/ActionScript does arcronyms. The draw back to this is when you have things like fundingOfTheUSAEPA or USAFunding. In the case of USAFunding, the first letter is capitalized which means it's a class. This is a serious violation of style, so it would not be possible to put USA at the front. You'll have to find ways to not put it the begining of the variable name in order to continue to follow ActionScript's example. Also, USA runs into the "F" which is hard to read. In the case of fundingOfTheUSAEPA, this seems strange because we think of the United States of America (USA) as one thing and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as another, yet they run together. Long acronyms are hard to read. So though Flash/ActionScript uses all uppercase for naming its acronyms, it has its limitations that you have to work around by being clever with langauge. This is the reason for which people tend to break from the way Flash is coded and stick with camel case for acronyms even though Adobe chooses all Caps for its acronyms.
Use semicolons at the end of lines of code
if (someObj.someVar) vs. if (someObj.someVar != null)When you use if (someVar) to determine if a variable has been declared or defined, it looks like clean code because it is elegant and simple. This practice is discouraged for determining if a value has been defined because it can return false even in situations where the variable is defined. For example if someVar = 0 or someVar=false and even though it is defined the if clause will not run. If someVar is a property of someObj, then it is not subject to compile time checking. To maximize clairity use if (someObj.someVar != null) to determine if the variable has been defined or declared. Reserve the use of if (someObj.someVar) for when someVar is a boolean.
Declaring Variables
When you declare variables in a function, it is good form to put all the variables that are being used at the top of the function. This way the user can tell if a variable is local or if it lives somewhere else and quickly find all variables that are in the scope of that function. Some will have 'If' or 'case' statements that in the function that split functionality in which case it renders the declaration of certain variables useless. Declare the variables at the top of each code block as defined by the brackets. In this situation consider using a function call for each case.
Import statements
Imports that should be grouped by package, starting with flash libraries at the top of the list.
Commenting code
All significant blocks of code should contain headers, here is an example of a possible header: (classes, functions, components, …)
// TITLE: a quick 5-10 word description goes here
// DEVELOPER: this is useless if you are using a versioning system
// DESCRIPTION: a more in depth description on how it works, this should be brief, rely on
// comments through out the code for the details of how the code functions.
// FLASH VERSION: this is optional
Always comment code in an application. Comments are the author's opportunity to tell a story about what the code was written to do. Comments should document every decision that was made while building an application. At each point where a choice was made about how to code the application, place a comment describing that choice and why it was made. An important thing to keep in mind is that you do not want to reiterate your code in your comments. In other words don't explain your syntax! Explain instead what you are trying to do.
When writing code that is a work-around for an issue with the application, be sure to add a comment that will make the issue clear to future developers who may be looking at the code. This will make it easier to address that specific problem the next time someone encounters it.
Here is an example of a simple comment for a variable:
var clicks = 0; // variable for number of button clicks
Block comments are useful when a comment contains a large amount of text:
Initialize the clicks variable that keeps track
of the number of times the button has been clicked. Blah blah balah!!
Some common methods for indicating important comments are:
// :TODO: topic
:TODO: msw 654321 : issues with displaying large set of data from the database. Consider breaking up the data into smaller chunks for each request.
Indicates that there is more to do here.
// :BUG: [bugid] topic
Shows a known issue here. The comment should also explain the issue and optionally give a bug ID from your bug management system like bugzilla or others, if applicable.
Indicates that the following code is not elegant, a quick temporary fix or does not conform to best practices. This comment alerts others to provide suggestions about how to code it differently next time.
Notifies developers that the subsequent code has a lot of interactions. Also advises developers that they should think twice before trying to modify it.
Notifies developers that this was used for testing, if test stuff gets left in code it can help to know what is not essential and can be removed.
Commenting: variable names that are acronyms
Sometimes your variables will be to long and descriptive so you will have to inevitably use elusive variable names. Key variables should always be declared in a centralized place (like the top of a function) with an included comment that describes the variables function. This becomes particularly important when the variable is an acronym liketimeSlbl. Make sure variables like this have the acronym definition in a comment like.
// time since last byte loaded
var timeSlbl = 0;
Break Point Code
Break point code is where the debugger requires you to put in junk code inorder for the break point to catch. Randomly naming your variables creates clutter in your debugger variables window. If you name them consistantly it will be easier to browse variable lists with minimal disruption. Especially if there are a lot of these variables in the current scope, they will all be bunched together making it easy for the eye to dismiss them in one big block.
if (isDebugCondition){
var breakpoint1:uint = 0;
Swf file names
Finally, all SWF files should have names that are consistent in format so that when doing external loads, for example, you won't have any doubt on the format of the name of a file. Like in the case of loadBar.swf vs. Load_Bar.swf it would be easy to forget which way the file name was formatted. Eliminating the doubt that requires you to go back and verify formatting is a good idea for increasing coding speed and accuracy. Have a naming convention and stick to it.
Strict Data Typing
Use strict data typing with your variables whenever possible because it helps you in the following ways:
* Adds code completion functionality, which speeds up coding.
* Generates errors in the Output panel so you don't have a silent failure when you compile your SWF file. These errors help you find and fix problems in your applications.
var params_lv:LoadVars = new LoadVars();
Error checking
Whenever an error is displayed by using trace or error reporting mechanism, make sure it is apparent where the error is occurring (in what movie and what class or function). One of the best ways to perform error handling in ActionScript is to use the try-catch-finally blocks that let you throw and catch custom errors. By creating custom error classes, you can reuse code throughout your application without having to rewrite error handling code. For more information on throwing custom errors, see Error in Flash Help or the Flash 8 LiveDocs (ActionScript 2.0 Language Reference > ActionScript Classes > Error). For more information on try-catch-finally blocks, see Try...Catch...Finally Statement in Flash Help or the Flash 9 LiveDocs Try..Catch..Finally Statement. If you are not throwing custom errors, but building code that recovers after ActionScript throws an error, It is not always a good idea to use try...catch blocks when you are doing debugging. While you have the application inside of your testing environment like flex/flash builder. You want to take the fail fast approach so that when the debugger detects the runtime error it stops on that line of code. Tracking back thrown errors to the line where they occured is a pain. When you send your site out live, try...catch blocks should be firmly in place with routines to report the error back to your server or recover from the error. These will keep people with the debugger version of the player from seeing your poor programming when trivial errors occur.
Library layout and Asset Management
The goal of standardizing the naming of symbols in the library is that different resources can be quickly located and the nature of the symbol will be apparent to the developer at first sight. Make MovieClip names clear and understandable. When possible relate the stage instant's name to the library name (library : car, instance : car_mc). In some situations it's just good to have everything in one large list so that you can jump to them in the library list alphabetically with shift-'a' (the first letter of the symbol). However it is advised to use folders in the following situations. Repetitive graphics should be put in folders similar to the names of their associated movie clips. For example I have imported a sequence of images for an animation footballplayer1,jpg – footballplayer200.jpg. these 200 images should be put into a folder called footballplayer jpgs and the movie that holds the animation should be called football player. Don't bury your library assets by giving them meaningless repetitive prefixes like putting UI in front of everything or Nav. Ex: NavTop, NavBottom, NavSub1, NavEct ect. This is what folders are for put these under the folder navigation and name them top, bottom, sub1 Ect. If you keep your names unique you can jump to them with the shift button and locate them in the library much faster. Make good use of folders, but do not over use, you can just as easily over organize and bury assets in a maze of nested folders. It is preferable to avoid nesting more than one level deep.
If you build components, organize all custom components into the componentsSomeName folder along with their assets so that they can easily be transported and reused else where. This is particularly important if the component uses linked assets in the library that won't get transferred by a simple copy and paste of the root of the component. Any time you are using linked library elements they should be packaged with their base movie and corresponding components.
When a MovieClip is no longer needed, make sure it is removed from the library. You can do this using the remove unused symbols in the library menu but make sure you unselect any linked library elements. Since they get called on stage with actionscript there is no way for the remove unused symbols to detect if they are used or not.
Shared libraries (version 6-9this function is buggy when developing multi-swf projects that load movies dynamically, it is advised not use shared libraries when you are externally loading multiple interdependent external SWFs. For this to work the root movie clip has to have the shared assets included in its library which eliminates any of the apparent size benefits of incremental preloading. It may work in current versions of the player but keep a lookout.) However it is useful if you want to have a set of external location where you change the shared library once and see your changes deployed across your other SWFs.
Timeline layout
Developers should avoid using the default layer names (Layer 1, Layer 2, etc.) as this can become confusing. Timeline layers should always be named intuitively. Layers should also be grouped together using folders, where it makes sense. For example, there could be a Script folder in each timeline if your timeline is already crowded with other layers of graphics. Within that folder there will be layers called Labels, Actions, Classes and Functions respectively. Attention to the order that your SWF layers are being loaded which is defined in the publish settings, this effects the functionality of where your functions are being loaded and being called.
It is also good practice to lock all of the layers that are not currently in use. This prevents accidental changes to the document.
ActionScript conventions for timeline coding.
Keep actions together
You should avoid coding in the time line whenever possible. All code should be placed in one location, unless the process of doing this further complicates your code. This is true of timeline coding try to keep as much code as you can in localized and organized spots. This makes the code easier to find and debug. One of the primary difficulties in debugging Flash movies is finding the code. If most of the code is placed in one frame, this problem is eliminated. Usually, the best place to put the code is on frame 1. This of course is only a problem with timeline coding.
When large amounts of code are located in the first frame, make sure to separate sections with comments to ensure readability, with layers and/or as follows:
/*** Button Function Section ***/
/*** Variable Constants ***/
One exception to the practice of placing all the code in frame 1 arises when movies will be preloaded. In an application with preloading movies, placing all the code in frame 1 may not be possible. However, authors should still strive to place all of their code in a centralized location.
For movies that have a preloader, start the actions in frame 2. Use two layers for actions-one layer for functions, and another layer for state dependent actions.
Remember that all functions and objects created in ActionScript live for the entire movie. And yet, movie clips are created and destroyed based on the timeline state. The timeline should reflect this relationship.
Versioning Control Systems and External ActionScript (.as) Files
By using external ActionScript files, developers can integrate the files with a version control system, such as CVS, Sub-Version or SourceSafe. Once again, when used correctly, this makes code more modular and easier to find. Just because you keep your code separate does not mean it's easier to read. When dealing with document classes you need to make sure they are named in a way that associates the ActionScript file with the FLA. (Strictly adhere to the following convention)
Finding objects in the library.
You don't need to give the full path to the movie name but the movie name should be a unique name in the library. You should prefix library class names that have no external as file with some sort of indicator so that it is known that the symbol is found in the FLA. For instance F for FLA or Lib for library. An example of this would be when I have created a symbol in the library called FBackground when I pull this symbol from the library in my .as file it is instantly obvious that the symbols implementation is in the FLAs library. If it's placement in the FLA is at all ambiguous you should have a comment in your .as file at the top that informs the user of its particularities. For example:
//found in: someFile.fla : library item wheel, found on stage(timeline) under (/holder_mc/wheel_mc)
// lib item wheelBarrel, found on time line under (/holder2_mc/wheelBarrel_mc, /holder2_mc/wheelBarrel2_mc)
//found in: someOtherFileTo.fla : library item ect ect
Developers often only use in-line code in the frame action to define the state of the application. This practice is discouraged.
For proper code organization, use key frames to delineate application states. Place any actions necessary for a particular state into a function and then call the function as the only action done in that keyframe.
To further organize the application, create two layers for code in the movie. The majority of code is located in one layer that exists for the entire length of the movie. The other layer includes actions necessary on the key frames to delineate the state changes of the application. The only code on each of these key frames should be a function call for that particular application state. It is also possible to use movie clips attached at runtime with the attachMovie() action to represent different states (such as dialog boxes).
Optimizing Your Code
Remember the following guidelines when you optimize your code:
1.) Avoid calling a function multiple times from within a loop. It is better to include the contents of a small function inside the loop. Function calls are the most time intensive single operation. If the code is only used once then use in-line code. However this is not acceptable if it renders the code difficult to read where it is crucial that the code is readable.
* Use native functions when possible. Native functions are faster than user-defined functions.
2.) Don't overuse the Object type. Data-type annotations should be precise, because it improves performance. Use the Object type only when there is no reasonable alternative.
3.) Avoid using the dynamicObject["aMember"] or array access operator to access the same piece of data over and over. Often, setting the local reference once is preferable and more efficient. aMemberRef = dynamicObject["aMember"]; then you can call your access over and over on aMemberRef.
4.) Assign the Array.length to a variable before a loop to use as its condition, rather than using myArr.length itself.
5.) Focus on optimizing loops, and any repeating actions. Flash Player spends a lot of time processing loops (such as those that use the setInterval() function or onEnterFrameevent). Don't let onEnterFrames run needlessly.
6.) Type cast your variables and functions.
Always protect your SWFs from imports with a good password.
Caution: Never store any information or code in a SWF file that you don't want users to see. It is easy to disassemble SWF files and view their contents using third-party software. With web applications you can put a lot of your functions in scripts on the server and just make calls to them from flash making each function a black box.
Use the final keyword for class methods: Making a class or a method final prevents other programmers from extending the class or overriding the method for the purpose of examining the class's internal structure. Such prevention is considered one of the ways to safeguard an application from being maliciously exploited. Keep in mind that on the other hand, others argue that final methods and classes contradict the general object-oriented principle of polymorphism, wherein an instance of subclass can be used anywhere an instance of its super class is expected.
Perhaps the most obvious security measure for your application to add is a cross-domain policy, which prevents unauthorized domains from accessing your assets.
For more info: http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flashplayer/articles/secure_swf_apps_print.html
Based on Nicholas G. Dunbar's 9 years of development experience in ActionScript as applied to the following works:
- Macromedia's white paper "ActionScript Coding Standards" written by Michael Williams (March 2002)
- ActionScript 2.0 Best Practices by Jen deHaan (20 February 2006) http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flash/articles/as_bestpractices.html
- Essential Actionscript 3.0 by Colin Moock


text:
WASHINGTON, September 10, 2013 — On yet another anniversary of the September 11 attacks of 2001, much will be written to recall the events of that day. It might, however, be worth considering some ironic events and writings associated with that terrible day. Some were written or took place before 9/11, some after, yet all manifest a strange relationship to the horrific events of that day.
1. The World Trade Center
"Twin monarchs of the skyline, the World Trade Center Towers lift the palatial suites of international firms."
The words above were the caption to the full-page photo of New York's World Trade Center with its towers gleaming golden in the morning sun. This photo served as the key story of the September 1981 issue of the National Geographic magazine. This was exactly 20 years to the month before the 9/11 terrorist attacks by Islamic extremists would bring down those crowning icons of American achievement.
2. The Pentagon
A beautiful summer day in 2001 and all seemed right with the world.
The young University of Michigan student enjoyed visiting the capital city and he was especially pleased to be escorting his mother on an exciting tour through the Pentagon. Oliver would later recall, however chuckling at the memory, of his mother's embarrassing question to the officer serving as tour guide for their group.
"Sir," she asked, "are we safe here?"
The officer snapped around and with a broad reassuring smile, replied, "Ma'am, you are in the safest place in the world."
It was just two months later that hijacked American Airlines flight 77 slammed into the side of the Pentagon. In the "safest place in the world," some 125 people inside the Pentagon alone were killed in addition to the airline passengers, crew and emergency responders.
3. New York City
E. B. White, the famous author of "Charlotte's Web," "Stuart Little" and that quintessential grammar book, "The Elements of Style," wrote in his book, "Here Is New York," in 1949:
"The city, for the first time in its long history, is destructible. A single flight of planes no bigger than a wedge of geese can quickly end this island fantasy, burn the tower, turn the underground passages into lethal chambers, cremate the millions.
"All the dwellers in cities must live with the stubborn fact of annihilation; in New York the fact is somewhat more concentrated because of the concentration of the city itself, and because, of all targets, New York has a certain clear priority. In the mind of whatever perverted dreamer might loose the lightning, New York must hold a steady, irresistible charm.
"This race between the destroying planes and the struggling Parliament of Man — sticks in all our heads. The city at last perfectly illustrates both the universal dilemma and the general solution, this riddle in steel and stone is at once the perfect target and the perfect demonstration of nonviolence,…This lofty target scraping the skies and meeting the destroying planes halfway, home of all people of all nations, capital of everything, housing the deliberations by which the planes are to be stayed and their errand forestalled." E. B. White
People from 90 countries died on the World Trade Center attacks.
4. Washington on Television
A decade prior to the attacks of 9/11, the cover story of TV Guide promoted an upcoming five-hour TV miniseries on the life of the legendary Frank Sinatra. However, a secondary television movie was also featured, based on a book by Steven Ford titled, "Secret Service." Large bold print spelled out the plot:
"The plan: Hijack an airliner, kill the pilot, crash it into the White House."
5. My Pennsylvania Hometown
Those Word Trade Center beams, the most vivid remnants of the destruction waged on the United States homeland, were forged in my small Pennsylvania hometown in 1969. Lukens Steel Company manufactured the 10 five-ton support structures, which had framed the perimeter of the first nine floors and lobbies of the twin towers.
Those twisted steel supports, called "steel trees," endured as the indelible image of our nation's defiance, strength and endurance — for America and for the world. A caravan of trucks carried the twisted beams from New York City to Coatesville, Pennsylvania , where they became the centerpiece of an industrial history museum.
Scott Huston, a descendent of the Lukens family and president of the Graystone Society, put it this way in a telephone conversation: "They were born here…We were proud when we saw they were still standing."
The twisted steel supports, among the few remaining pieces, had become an iconic image of defiance and strength for a mourning nation.
6. The Next Day at the White House
Although the White House was evacuated on the day of the attacks, it was open for tours the next day, Sept. 12. I was privileged to have been one of about 200 people who availed themselves of the opportunity to visit this esteemed edifice, believed to have been one of the primary targets of the terrorists.
Vance Garnett's writings have appeared in major newspapers and magazines. They have won the praise of such luminaries as the legendary Paul Harvey, White House speechwriter/columnist William Safire, and Mr. Shirley Povich, dean of American sportswriters.
This article is the copyrighted property of the writer and Communities @ WashingtonTimes.com. Written permission must be obtained before reprint in online or print media. REPRINTING TWTC CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION AND/OR PAYMENT IS THEFT AND PUNISHABLE BY LAW.


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Anybody who thinks they get out of this life anything other than dead, is deluded and/or poorly misinformed. The two certainties in life: You check in and you check, some longer than others.
It is what you do with the time you had, not necessarily what you accomplished. If someone wants to steal my lunch, I hope he enjoys it or otherwise gets food poisoning.
Now as far as that beautiful Bentley, some man is going to drive it around for a few years, he'll check out and then his wife and/or her new boyfriend will enjoy it afterwards. That is what I would call a bad investment.
I would've hated you, but I get some comfort knowing that at least you are not getting paid for this :o)
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January 26, 2009
During two weeks of winter break, Jan. 5-16, the 70 members of the University of Minnesota Law School's 2008-09 Asylum Law Project (ALP) volunteered approximately 2800 hours to legal aid organizations at home and across the United States. When the volunteering week during spring break in March is complete, ALP will have sent nearly 100 students to six locations (Minneapolis, Miami, Las Vegas, Nashville, El Paso, Texas, and Florence, Arizona).
January 6, 2009
Associate Professor William McGeveran will participate in a half-day conference entitled "Today's Online Privacy Challenges: Innovation and Liberty" on Jan. 26, 2008, at the University of Minnesota's Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. The conference will address Internet privacy regulations, policies, and issues.
Janine Kern ('85) Appointed to South Dakota Supreme Court
Steve Simon ('96) Elected Minnesota Secretary of State
Kristi Rudelius-Palmer, HRC Co-Director, Participates in Mock U.S. Senate Hearing on Children's Rights Legislation in Boston
Detainee Rights Clinic Students Secure New Hearing for Nevada Client
Tim Looby ('82) Appointed Judge in Minnesota's First District
Sara Sommarstrom ('05) and George Byron Griffiths ('15) to Be Honored by Minnesota Justice Foundation
Three Law School Alumni Honored in University's China 100 Celebration
IMO Study Shows Chicago Charter Schools Underperform their Traditional Counterparts
Prof. David Weissbrodt Wins Elizabeth Hurlock Beckman Award
Prof. Heidi Kitrosser's New Book Wins Civil Liberties Prize
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University of Nevada, Reno
You are here: Nevada Home > Physics > People > Aaron Covington
|Contact Information for Department of Physics
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Leifson Physics
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Jump to: Contact | Degrees | Biography | Publications
Westfall Scholar Mentor, UNR College of Science, April 2007 & December 2011
David A. Shirley Award for Outstanding Scientific Achievement at the Advanced Light Source, 2002
My research interests include experimental studies of plasmas and photon-interactions with atoms, molecules, ions and solids. These studies encompass fundamental properties of atomic and molecular collisions relevant to terrestrial, astrophysical and high energy density plasmas as well as structural properties of atomic and molecular ions and materials. Condensed matter studies use Raman and FTIR absorption spectroscopy to interrogate solids including metals, energy storage materials and polymers at high-pressures and temperatures as well as biologic materials.


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Investors are turning hobbies and interests into cash. From art and comics to racehorses and wine, here's a look at some popular alternative assets.» Read More
They're called master limited partnerships, and investing in them can be as mystifying as the name. Here are some tips.
While commodities aren't for every investor, experts agree these diverse asset classes can provide downside protection and upside potential.
Art and antiques investing is viewed as a hedge against stock market volatility. But this strategy comes with its own risks and expenses.
Alternative investments, like wine and whisky, can truly diversify an investor's portfolio. But there could be a catch.
With bond investors skittish over interest-rate risk, the search is on for alternative investment.
Alternative investments are not just for the super rich. In fact, "average" investors are using a wide range of alternative asset strategies.
Alternative investments have the potential to enhance the risk and/or return of an investment portfolio.
Bordeaux Cellars makes loans against the best wines in the world. The company hears from about ten potential borrowers a week, and so far, there have been no defaults.
The art market is to experience a "10- year boom" according to an expert, as investors from China and the Middle East drive demand towards unprecedented levels.
Amid wrangling over how much money the European Union spends at a time of grinding austerity across the Continent, Martin Ehrenhauser, an Austrian member of the European Parliament, lobbed a sobering question this summer at the union's Brussels bureaucracy: How many bottles of booze does it have stocked in its wine cellars, the New York Times reports.
Spain plans to offer residency permits to foreigners who buy houses priced at more than 160,000 euros ($203,845) as part of its efforts to revive a collapsed real estate market and divest itself of hundreds of thousands of unsold homes.
Sotheby's held its first impressionist and modern art auction last night, but the season is getting a lousy start, reports CNBC's Bertha Coombs.
The Hon. Harry Herbert, chairman of Highclere Thoroughbred Racing, told CNBC, that investing in race horses is "a numbers game, just to spend a fortune on one horse you are taking a gigantic risk."
2012 is the best time to invest in fine wine since 2009, according to wine broker Vin-X's Jeremy Peacock.
Alternative investing may not be for everyone, but there's an entry point for almost anyone—and as popular cable TV programs illustrate every week, small fortunes can be found in attics, basements and, yes, storage rooms.
Last year was a difficult year for the hedge fund industry, with returns down 6.4 percent, but the drop hasn't stopped experienced professionals from moving away from big investment banks to set up their own firms.
Stamps and comics can prove to be lucrative in terms of investment, CNBC's Steve Sedgwick went to find out more.
Financial advisors stress that now is the time for investors to get serious about year-end financial planning checkup.
Is an active twist on passive investing the right portfolio move? An inside look at the rise of ETF strategists.
The nexus of technology -- cloud, social, mobile and data -- are transforming user behaviors and creating new businesses.
Bordeaux Cellars makes loans against the best wines in the world.
The fine art market is set to experience a "10- year boom", according to one expert.
Alternative investing may not be for everyone, but there's an entry point for almost anyone—and as popular cable TV programs illustrate every week, small fortunes can be found in attics, basements and, yes, storage rooms.


text: The Langham, Melbourne Celebrates 148th Birthday With Its First Afternoon Tea Drive-Through! 5/17/2013 2:02:00 PM MELBOURNE - The Langham, Melbourne is calling out to all owners of pink bikes and cars to come by the hotel's driveway on Friday 7 June between 2pm – 3pm for the hotel's very first Afternoon Tea drive through. Each year, Langham properties worldwide celebrate the birthday of their flagship property – The Langham, London – in June, and in keeping with a 148 year old tradition, offer Afternoon Tea on that one special day for the 1865 price of approximately 20 Australian cents. To welcome The Langham, Melbourne's new pink London cab and pink bikes, and to celebrate its signature shade (pink), the hotel will be offering Afternoon Tea at the price of 20 cents to the first 100 owners of pink cars and pink bikes to pass through the driveway. The ritual of Afternoon Tea was created in 1840 by Duchess Anna Russell, to ward off hunger pains between lunch and dinner. The Duchess shared the experience with her close circle of friends and the timeless tradition of Afternoon Tea was born when they in turn started to host Afternoon Tea events. The Langham, London's Palm Court is renowned as the place where the tradition of Afternoon Tea in an exclusive setting was born over 140 years ago – an indulgence that continues to live on in Langham properties worldwide today. The Langham, Melbourne's 20 cent Afternoon Tea drive-through When Friday 7 June between 2pm and 3pm only Where The Langham, Melbourne's driveway. One Southgate Avenue, Southbank Cost 20 cents How To redeem The Langham, Melbourne's signature Tiffin at this exclusive price, show up driving a pink car or on a pink bike. Limited to the first 100 drive throughs only. Background Notes:The Langham, Melbourne at Southbank is located at the heart of Melbourne's diverse performing Arts scene, and is a proud partner of the Arts Centre Melbourne, Melbourne Recital Centre, Opera Australia and the Melbourne International Jazz Festival. The 25-floor hotel has 387 luxuriously appointed rooms including 45 executive club rooms, 46 river view rooms, 11 suites and 7 Terrace Rooms with 50m² private balconies, attended to by the hotel's signature Service Stylists. With stunning views of the Melbourne city skyline, the Yarra River, historic Flinders Street station and Federation Square, The Langham, Melbourne offers a luxurious and timeless inner-city experience. In 2013, The Langham, Melbourne was named Best Australian Hotel in the Luxury Travel Gold List, and has been named the top city hotel in Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific by Travel & Leisure (US) magazine (2012). It has also been a constant feature on Travel + Leisure (US) World's Best lists (2010 – 2012), and is recognised by notable consumer-voted awards including TripAdvisor's Traveler's Choice Awards 2012 (No.1 in the Top 25 Luxury Hotels in Australia). The Langham, Melbourne is also acclaimed for its award-winning Chuan Spa, interactive dining restaurant – Melba, and chic bar & lounge – ARIA. Find out more about enchanting experiences at The Langham, Melbourne and make a reservation by visiting http://www.langhamhotels.com/melbourne/en For media enquiries, please contact:Fiona MaurerTel: (03) 8696 8153Mobile : 0425 750 655Email: email@example.com


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Ravindra Jadeja Girlfriend
Ravindra Jadeja, the youth Icon of Young India is not yet dated anyone. Being a cricketer, he has the responsibility to work hard so as to make Nation proud.
Ravindra Jadeja, the Ranjnikanth of cricket has many female fans. But Sir Jadeja is not in a mood to date anyone. He wants to concentrate on his career first.


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Evansville Diocese to merge 24 parishes into 10
EVANSVILLE (AP) — The Diocese of Evansville will begin merging 24 parishes into 10 starting next July as a way of addressing a shortage of priests and a decline in Mass attendance.
Bishop Charles Thompson says none of the 24 churches involved in the parish mergers will close as a result of the merger. A news release put out by the diocese says each pastor will determine the Mass schedule for each parish and where services will be held.
Thompson says the mergers are part of the first phase of an ongoing effort to keep the diocese a lively, faith-filled community.
The release also says parish and school staffs will determine what will happen to the schools at the parishes involved in the mergers.


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Lille Things To Do
Place du General de Gaulle
Located right in the centre of the city, this is the main meeting place for everybody in Lille. In the summer months, the tables of the numerous restaurants, cafes and bars spill out onto the streets. For several days at the end of April, the annual flower market transforms the square into a huge field of blossom, and at Christmas it transforms into a fairytale grotto, with a gigantic ferris wheel.
La Vieille Bourse
Undoubtedly one of the finest buildings in the city, La Vieille Bourse was built between 1652 and 1653 to house the stock exchange and comprises of 24 identical houses built around a courtyard. The builder, Julien Destrez, was a sculptor and carpenter and this is reflected in the exquisite decoration. The sculpted Lions of Flanders can be seen guarding over each entrance. Today, after much renovation, the cloister is occupied by bookstalls and flower market.
Town Hall and Belfry
Built in 1924, it took four years to complete the town hall replacing the one destroyed by fire in the Place Rihour. The design, inspired by gabled Flemish houses includes a 104 metre high tower which is supported by two sculpted giants, Lyderic and Phinaert, legendary founders of the city. The tower, accessible by lift, offers fantastic panoramic views over the city. There is an impressive central hall studded with floral pillars and displays of art work throughout the stairways, corridors and meeting rooms, including a superb fresco by the Icelandic painter Erro, telling the story of the town in the form of a strip cartoon.
Vieux Lille
The city's oldest district has been painstakingly restored, and the winding cobbled streets are now filled with restaurants, antique shops, jewellers and boutiques. The buildings built from brick and white stone display beautifully sculptured cherubs and other ornamentation. A stroll round this beautiful district is not to be missed, and the tourist office located in Place Rihour offer details of walking tours taking in the streets and most impressive houses.
Cathedrale Notre Dame de la Treille
Foundation stones for the cathedral were laid in 1854 on the site of the old castle of the Counts of Flanders. The project was finally completed in 1999 when architect P L Carlier designed the façade, with artist Kijno commissioned to make the rose window and sculpture George Jeanclos made the stunning entrance doors.
La Citadelle
Built by military architect Vauban, by order of Louis XIV, and constructed in record time, the Citadelle used 16 million bricks, three million stone blocks and 70,000 sandstone foundations. Its massive ramparts were built to absorb the impact of artillery fire and the walks 4m thick. It was modelled on a small town with five bastions one at each point of the star and five half moon fortifications the design of which inspired the US Pentagon. It still houses up to 1,000 soldiers but it is still possible to visit on a guided tour, details of which are available at the Tourist Office.
St Maurice Church
This gothic church dates back to the 15th century. The church houses numerous paintings by Lille artists of the 17th and 18th centuries, as well as a memorial to all British Commonwealth soldiers who fought for France's freedom. Superb organ recitals are held on Sundays throughout the summer, details of which are available from the Tourist Office.
Distillerie Claeyssens
The Claeyssens Distillery has been producing "genievre" gin since 1817 and still uses the original wooden machinery built nearly 200 years ago. Visitors are escorted round and see the process in producing the juniper gin, from the ingenious contraptions that sift the grains and mill the flour to the heating, cooling and distilling of the spirit. The tour is followed by a tasting session and a chance to visit the distillery shop. The distillery is accessible from Lille city centre either by bus (No 9) or the Sunday barge which travels along the River Deule from Lille to the distillery. Combined boat trip and distillery tour tickets are available.
Bois de Boulogne/Citadel Leisure Park
Covering fifty hectares, this is the largest park and green space in the city. Enveloping the Citadelle and surrounded by the canal of the River Deule, the park has the city's zoo, children's playground and picturesque walks along the banks of the canal.
Le Jardin Vauban
At the end of the Boulevard de la Liberte and opposite the Citadelle on the other side of the canal, is the Jardin Vauban designed in 1865 by the head gardener of Paris, Barillet Deschamps. The park is a delight with trees that date back centuries, flowers, a grotto, waterfall and a marionette theatre.
Le Jardin des Plantes
Le Jardin des Plantes offers a monumental rose garden with waterfalls and a tropical glasshouse. The Orangerie allows for the conservation of Mediterranean plants, including palm trees and eucalyptus during the winter months, and the open air collection of tropical trees and bushes is arranged according to geographical origin.


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Content copyright
Southland Mechanical Services
. All rights reserved.
This is a temporary page until I can figure out how to properly use this website builder as I have changed domain providers!
For those who visited my previous website , hopefully this one will soon be as interesting and well laid out. Please excuse the inconvenience.
Southland Mechanical Services
has been in operation
since 2006
and has provided various Mobile Automotive, Machinery, and Home Maintenance and Repair Services to customers within a 60 mile radius of Leesville, SC.
I am retired military, U.S. Navy Submarine Service, Machiniest Mate (Equipment/Machinery Technician), and a U.S. Department of Labor
Mechanic having over 35 years experience. I have attended extensive mechanical training, over many years, even taught engineering courses for five years.
We have repaired/serviced/maintained vehicles of many makes, domestic and imports, both trucks and cars for our customers. We have repaired/serviced machinery ranging from Ferris wheels, farm equipment, motor homes, lawn mowers, pumps and valves, refrigerators, freezers, washers, dryers, garbage disposals, and much more! We have done extensive home renovations/repairs, but now more commonly do those home repairs/upgrades we all let go too long and never seem to have time for. In general, I guess you'd say we operated a very experienced and capable Handyman Service meeting the needs of our customers!
In part, due to the ever failing economy, we've had to make steady changes to our services. The most predominant one over time being the loss of employees. As I'm down to myself and an occasional assistant (my adult younger son), I am currently revamping my business to concentrate on the more frequent needs and requests of my long standing customers.
These services are:
Vehicle check engine diagnostics, trouble-shooting, scheduled oil changes (all lubrication needs), brake jobs, routine vehicle maintenance (air filters, belts, battery/
testing and replacement, plugs/wires, coolant checks/changes, etc...). In general I can no-longer take the time to do the more involved repairs. However, on a case by case basis, time permitting, I may be persuaded to undertake more involved repairs.
Machinery/equipment diagnostics and trouble-shooting,
scheduled lubrication/changes, routine machinery/equipment maintenance (as required), minor repairs.
Home repairs/maintenance services are now limited to small jobs under $200, including parts and materials. Commercial repairs/maintenance services are limited to jobs under $5000, including parts and materials.
The primary focus of Southland Mechanical Services is to conduct mobile air/oil filter and oil change services utilizing synthetic oils and lubricants (AMSOIL) and thereby extend your scheduled oil changes up to a 25,000 mile interval or once a year. This service improves your vehicle's MPG and saves you the added expense and time incurred by multiple lower interval oil changes.
Call or email me to schedule your air filter and oil change, let me save you money and time!
If you need any of my other services or have any questions, please contact me at 803-582-8738 (cell) or by email:
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Goji Berry: Mostly Hype Or True Superfood?
You may have noticed Goji Berries cropping up at your local health food store, or even at some grocery stores and supermarkets. These small dried fruits look a bit like raisins, only red and a little pointed at either end. These berries are now being touted as one of the most antioxidant-rich health trends, and dried goji berries, goji extracts, and goji juice are making the tour of the health world.
The Goji Berry, also known as "wolfberry," is the common name for the Lycium barbarum berry. These small red fruits have been cultivated in the Himalayas, Mongolia, and in China for thousands of years, where they are used in soups and teas, as well as in traditional medicines.
The Goji berry certainly has an impressive nutritional profile. It contains several antioxidants, including beta-carotene and in zeazanthin, which may potentially help prevent macular degeneration and glaucoma in the elderly, helping to preserve vision. It also contains lutein, lycopene, and several antioxidant pigments, known as "phenols." They are also high in Vitamin C, Vitamins B1 and B2, as well as other vitamins.
Whether or not the Goji berry has the potential to play a part in preventing cancer has yet to be proven in a peer-reviewed study. One study published in the Chinese Journal of Oncology suggested that cancer patients responded better to treatment when they were also eating goji berries, but there have been few clinical trials done on humans with the berry. That hasn't stopped health food stores, as well as several well-known celebrities, from jumping on the bandwagon. The hype surrounding the berry has grown to include the unsubstantiated claim that a Chinese man named Li Qing Yuen lived to be 252 years old by consuming the berries daily.
While the hype claiming that the Goji berry is the new "superfruit" may yet be unfounded, it is certainly a nutritious fruit that can be added in moderate amounts to your diet. The dried berries are slightly sweet, and taste somewhat like raisins. They can be found in goji berry trail mixes, granola bars, and other food products at supermarkets (Trader Joe's, for example, carries Goji trail mix). Goji tea mixes can be found at Asian markets, and Goji extracts and juices can be found at health food stores.
As with any new nutritional regimen, consume Goji berries in moderation and with caution. Some studies have shown that excessive consumption of the berry may interfere with some anticoagulant drugs. If in doubt, consult your healthcare practitioner.
Great loved it, will be
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Great loved it, will be waiting for your future posts Thank you for sharing.
Good luck ,Great post,love
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Good luck ,Great post,love you!Thanks for the info it had cleared out too many things in my mind. Your recommendations are really good.
I appreciate the post, I've
Submitted by Nick Ritchie on Wed, 07/03/2013 - 9:45pm.
I appreciate the post, I've been looking to see if Goji is important or if it's just hype. From what I've found, it's similar to other berries and great as part of a well balanced diet, but not a miracle cure in of its own.
Thanks for sharing such an
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Does anyone know the current
Submitted by Guest on Sat, 07/27/2013 - 4:23am.
Does anyone know the current status of the issue of pesticide use in the production of Goji berries? I'm concerned that I'm buying a healthy product (Trader Joe's Raw Goji Berries) but am unwittingly consuming Love Canal chemicals.
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History of Maple Valley
Making your final turn down into Maple Valley Golf & Country Club, most are awestruck at the sudden terrain change of the scenic Root River Bluff Country cradling Maple Valley.
White limestone bluffs rising to 100 feet above, and the Root River winding around, you truly believe you have just entered a hidden valley.
The natural rolling terrain, mature tree-lined fairways, and natural water hazards help to make Maple Valley one of Minnesota's most sought-after and photographed courses.
Wayne researched the design of golf course architecture. Contacting the National Golf Foundation, a representative visited the site and sanctioned the plan. The property was hilly and heavily wooded. With the help of his wife Suzanne and their children, Wayne took their second-generation family farm and started construction of the Maple Valley Golf and Country Club in May 1963.
The course opened for play in 1964, with 18 holes, 6915 yards, and daily green fees of $1.50. The price went up to $2.00 on weekends and holidays. Memberships sold for $35.00. (A few charter members still enjoy that initial membership price.)
In 1990, Wyane started the construction of his 2nd course, St. Charles Golf Course, St. Charles, MN. Another Beautiful 18 hole, par 72 course. Since then,Wayne has helped with the development and construction of two other courses; Cedar Valley in Winona, MN and Riverview Greens in Stewartville, MN.
Until his passing 2013, Wayne could be found out on the course everyday. He just
loved all aspects of the golf business but especially the people he would
meet. Suzanne still works everyday, either behind the
counter or maybe out sprucing up a flower bed.
In 2005, one of their children, Eric and his wife Karen Idso purchased Maple Valley Golf and Country Club. Eric has worked fulltime at Maple Valley since 1982. Karen, employed by the Mayo Clinic fulltime, works at the course as much as possible.
Their son Tyler now works at the course full-time as the superintendent and
enjoys it as much as his father and grandfather have.
So, please join us for a round of golf at Maple Valley Golf & Country Club where we have taken great pride in our course for generations.
To visit the St. Charles Golf Course website Click Here


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Summary: The Western is arguably the most popular and enduring form in cinematic history, and the acknowledged master of that genre was John Ford. His Westerns, including The Searchers, Stagecoach, and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, have had an enormous influence on contemporary U.S. films, from Star Wars to Taxi Driver.
In John Ford Made Westerns, nine major essays by prominent scholars of Hollywood film situate the sound-era Westerns of John Ford within contemporary ...show morecritical contexts and regard them from fresh perspectives. These range from examining Ford's relation to other art forms (most notably literature, painting, and music) to exploring the development of the director's reputation as a director of Westerns. While giving attention to film style and structure, the volume also treats the ways in which these much-loved films engage with notions of masculinity and gender roles, capitalism and community, as well as racial, sexual, and national identity. ...show less
Filter by: All (22) | New (14) | Like New (2) | Very Good (2) | Good (4)


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Glencore International,
Ivan Glasenberg,
police investigation,
Credit Suisse,
Mark Burton
LONDON Police are investigating a Jan. 25 explosion at the home of Glencore International Plc chief executive officer Ivan Glasenberg, the company confirmed.
An unnamed group claimed responsibility for the blast, which destroyed the mailbox outside Glasenbergs home near Zurich, Switzerland, according to media reports.
The group also claimed responsibility for a separate blast outside a branch of Credit Suisse. There were no injuries in either incident, according to reports.
The activists said Glencore and Credit Suisse had been targeted due to their support of the World Economic Forum, which is taking place in Davos.
The group criticized Glencore for poor working conditions and said Credit Suisse was targeted for several reasons, including redundancies, food price speculation and "betting against the Greek people," Reuters reported.
"An incident took place on the property of Ivan Glasenberg. No one was injured. The police have been informed and are investigating the situation," a Glencore spokesman said.
A version of this article was first published by AMM sister publication Metal Bulletin.
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Every month American Metal Market takes a statistical look inside the marketplace.
The Korean producers 'seem to think they have a good case, but personally I wouldn't get overly confident.'
--OCTG trader


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Apply to be a Writer
Our site may be powered by the wonderful Celtics blogging community, but that doesn't mean the everyday fan can't get involved. Think you have what it takes to be a writer for Celtics 24/7? Are you a diehard Celtics fan or just like chatting it up with your buddies? You may be exactly what we are looking for! Here at Celtics 24/7 we are always searching for potential contributors to join our already established team. If you think you would be a good fit, please email us your name, email,, and any examples of your writing you might have. If you don't have any examples tell us why you think you should get the next spot on our team! We look forward to hearing from you!
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Walt Rogers
Walt Rogers (born 5 July 1961) is the Iowa State Representative from the 20th District. A Republican, he has served in the Iowa House of Representatives since 2011. As of October 2011, Rogers serves on several committees in the Iowa House - the Appropriations, Judiciary, State Government, and Transportation committees. He also serves as the vice chair of the Administration and Regulation Appropriations Subcommittee and as a member of the Research and Development School Advisory Council. In his first campaign for public office, Rogers lost his 2008 election bid for the Iowa Senate's 10th District, losing to incumbent Democrat Jeff Danielson by a margin of only 22 votes. Rogers was elected in 2010, defeating incumbent Democrat Doris Kelley. *incumbent  ( Wikipedia article )
Personal facts
- Date of birth
- 1961-07-05


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Customer Reviews
Sweet, no aftertaste, easy to carry around
Posted by Reviewer2697726 on May 19, 2012
Purchased at iHerb
Title says it all. Strong sweetness too; don't need a lot to make my tea sweet. Will buy again.
NuNaturals, Pure Liquid, Alcohol Free Stevia, 2 fl oz (59 ml)
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Purchased at iHerb
Great product, the taste is good.
NuNaturals Stevia - Love it!
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Purchased at iHerb
I've tried other forms and brands of Stevia, but this is great! I like to add freshly squeezed lemon and a few drops of Stevia to iced water. It's almost like lemonade - better actually, and healthier! I've going to get the smaller size for my purse.
Great product!
Posted by GeorgiasMirror on Aug 25, 2012
Purchased at iHerb
Great product!
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Purchased at iHerb
I really like this stevia, I've tried several. Some have a distinctive 'fake' taste. This one is just right, not too strong, no weird other flavors.