text:
Obedience Is the First Law of Earth
Reading Lynnette's excellent post about obedience got me to wondering a little about whether the Church has always been as obedience-happy as it currently seems to be.
It seems to me that it's not at all inevitable from looking at our scriptures that we would focus on obedience quite so much. Sure, there are plenty of stories we can read as illustrating the importance of obedience, but there are just as surely others that appear to show the importance of taking initiative without being commanded. Nephi, for example, is often cited for his obedience in getting the brass plates and beheading Laban. But he also took the initiative at times. When his bow broke, he made a new one and used a sling and stones to get food. Or consider the Brother of Jared. When he asked what he should do to get light into the barges, the Lord asked him to suggest a solution.
Note that my point isn't that these are examples of disobedience, but rather that these are stories from our scriptures where obedience really doesn't play a role. I'm also not arguing that there are as many or more of these as there are obedience-illustrating stories. I'm just saying there are some stories like this.
Anyway, back to the question of focus on obedience over time. I have a pretty simple hypothesis. I suspect that the Church focuses a lot on obedience because the Church is easier to run when people are obedient. If a bishop says that a youth activity should be done a particular way, thing sure run more easily if everyone just obeys his wishes than if they express their own opinions. Taking people's ideas into account can be a pain. If a General Authority says that we shouldn't watch R-rated movies, it's a lot simpler if we all just go along than if we raise a bunch of objections about this or that good R-rated movie or inconsistencies or other flaws in the ratings.
If my hypothesis is correct, then I suspect that discussion of obedience in the Church would have increased with the rise of Correlation. I understand if your first reaction is to be skeptical. I know Correlation is a favorite scapegoat on the Bloggernacle for all that is wrong with the Church today. I'm actually pointing to it for a specific reason, though. Wasn't one of the points (the major point?) of Correlation to bring all Church organizations in line under priesthood direction? And wouldn't the need to follow this direction be phrased as calls for obedience? And wouldn't the ongoing power of Correlation require ongoing calls for obedience? Well, it makes sense to me, anyway. Let me know in the comments where you disagree.
Here's how I tested my hypothesis. I counted uses of forms of the word obey (e.g., obey, obedience, obedient) and synonyms (e.g., follow) in General Conference during the past 100 years. Fortunately for me, this task was made very easy by BYU linguistics professor Mark Davies's Corpus of General Conference talks. (Thanks to Mark Brown of BCC, who first pointed this wonderful resource out to me.)
Here are the results. The faded red line shows the year-to-year data. The saturated red line shows a five-year moving average. Results are in obey and like words per thousand words. I'm sorry that the graph is a bit small. Click on it to see the full-size version.
There's definitely an uptick in usage of obey and like words in the 1960s, which if I understand right is about when Correlation was really getting underway. Prior to the mid-1960s, the moving average was rarely above 1.6 per thousand. Since that uptick, the moving average has never been below 1.6 per thousand, and has often been above 1.8 per thousand.
As another test, I decided to look at usage of a word that competes with obey to see if it had the opposite trend. I didn't want to look at the opposite word, though: looking at usage of disobey is likely to yield the same results as looking at obey, since the topic is still obedience. I settled on looking at reason, since reasoning out solutions to problems is a process that might be seen as competing with obedience. If we're reasoning a lot, we're less concerned with obedience; if we're focused on obedience, we might see less need to reason.
Here are results for forms of the word reason (used as a verb only, excluding reasons as nouns, for example). As in the previous graph, the faded blue line shows the year-to-year data. The saturated blue line shows a five-year moving average. Results are in reason and like words per thousand words. Note that this graph has a different vertical scale than the previous one. I chose the scales to highlight changes over time. Click on the graph to see the full-size version.
The pattern may not be quite as clear, but again there's a clear trend in the 1960s. In the years prior to 1960, the moving average was always above 1.2 per thousand, and often above 1.4 per thousand. Since 1970, it has rarely been above 1.4 per thousand. Since the mid 1980s, it has never been above 1.2 per thousand.
I'm sure there are many possible objections to this fairly simple method of testing my hypothesis. I'd like to try to answer one of them. You might wonder if changes over time in usage of either obey and like words or reason and like words in General Conference might not simply follow trends in the world. To test this, I ran the same two queries on another corpus created by Mark Davies, the Corpus of Historical American English.
Here are results for obey-like words. To make the graph easier to look at, I've dropped the year-to-year data for both General Conference and the Historical American English corpus, and shown only the five-year moving averages.
It looks like the uptick in usage of obey and like words in General Conference in the 1960s was not correlated with a trend in usage of American English more generally, where there's been a pretty consistent decline.
Here are results for reason and like words. Again, only five year moving averages are shown.
As for obey and like words, the General Conference trend is not correlated with a trend in American English more generally. There's that correlated dip in the late 1920s, but since then, reason and like words have been used increasingly in American English generally, while being used less often in General Conference.
While this little study of course gives nothing like a definitive answer, I'm actually surprised at how consistent the results are with my hypothesis.
If you want to reproduce my results using Mark Davies's corpora, here are the search strings:
For obey and like words, "[[=obey]]" (without the quotation marks). One set of brackets asks for all forms of the word. The second set of brackets and the equals sign asks for synonyms too.
For reason and like words as verbs, "[[=reason]].[v*]" (without the quotation marks). The brackets around reason work like they do for the obey search. The second part of the search, ".[v*]" asks for only uses of the words as verbs.
One last thing to note is that the corpora display results in word matches per million words, while I've shown them in words per thousand because for these words I think they're easier to look at.
- 24 May 2011
37 Responses to "Obedience Is the First Law of Earth"
This is awesome–the analysis, that is, not necessarily the actual trend. I bet you could publish something about this. I agree with your hypothesis–that is, the connection between correlation and expectations of obedience makes sense in my mind. I agree that "obedience" would make running a correlated church easier; I think another part of the puzzle might be the structures (pre- and post-correlation) that create opportunities for obedience. In order to "obey," you have to know what you're obeying; that is, without a specific rule that can be obeyed, you CAN'T obey. Correlation established what exactly those 'rules' are. And once people became accustomed to having "the rules" spelled out for them, when something wasn't clearly defined they no longer looked for tools to reason things out, but rather they looked for more rules.
I know that this comment is really grasping at straws, or staring at tea leaves, etc. but I figured I'd just toss it out there.
As the civil rights ratcheted up through the 60's we see more mentions of 'obey.' After the policy change on priesthood we see it drop. We see it rise as symposia became condemned and start to drop after the 'September 6′ (albeit to a much lesser degree). It appears that in the wake of Prop 8 and the accompanying fallout we're seeing a new dramatic rise. Makes one wonder how long until some major event caps this wave and what it will be.
That said, the plot is so noisy I have little-to-no confidence that anything I said in the last paragraph is true. I do see merit in the claims made in the OP however.
This is an amazing and interesting analysis. Absolutely fascinating, and actually a little frightening…
Really interesting. Thanks
I love this stuff! I think there is something to the cultural changes of the 60's causing an increase in the use of obedience.
I was interested in the use of reason for the second part of the analysis. I have always felt that the early writings and speeches of the restoration were much more interesting from an intellectual stand point than the writings and speeches of this day.
I would also like to see some type of theme analysis of hymns. I think we might see a similar result. The early hymns had more intellectual meat and celebrations of enlightenment. Recent hymns seem to be more touch feely.
cyclingred: you might find the following paper by Warrick Kear about LDS hymnody interesting. Off the top of my head I think he postulates that there has been a 'feminization' of LDS hymns coinciding with Correlation.
I posit that perhaps "reason" began to become its own religion of a sort around that time, as well. Correlation is a correlation (no pun intended) not necessarily causation. And the purpose of correlation originally may have been in reaction to an upsurge in cultural perception.
With civil rights, rebellion became a good thing rather than a bad thing. This cultural perception has continued. Perhaps the increase in talks relating to obedience has been to balance that opposing pressure.
Anyway, back to the question of focus on obedience over time. I have a pretty simple hypothesis. I suspect that the Church focuses a lot on obedience because the Church is easier to run when people are obedient. If a bishop says that a youth activity should be done a particular way, thing sure run more easily if everyone just obeys his wishes than if they express their own opinions. Taking people's ideas into account can be a pain. If a General Authority says that we shouldn't watch R-rated movies, it's a lot simpler if we all just go along than if we raise a bunch of objections about this or that good R-rated movie or inconsistencies or other flaws in the ratings.
An excellent summary of what Mormon's would refer to as "Satan's Plan."
I completely agree with you there, Kari.
I started reading this post and wondered to myself "How is Ziff going to turn this into charts and graphs?" And sure enough, as I scrolled down you did it. Insightful post!
Love this post, Ziff. It reminded me of a particularly unfortunate sacrament meeting talk a year or two ago in which the speaker held up faith and obedience as the way to live and denounced reason as a means for understanding our world. Holy hell. My head may have exploded in that moment had I not been able to eviscerate the comment to Caroline (who I was fortunately going to church with at the time) with a roll of my eyes and mockery over our Sunday School Snack Break.
I simply do not understand the elevation of obedience in church culture. I have been saying for years what Kari said (#8)–the church, with its insistence on obedience (and essentially an unquestioning obedience since any answer to a question about our leadership's counsel that does not lead to obedience and acceptance is seen as a non-answer or evidence of the listener needing to align herself with God's will so they get the Right answer)–the church with its insistence on this kind of obedience is doing a damn fine job of realizing Satan's plan. And that's not okay with me.
I've loved this quote from Galileo Galilei since I found it on a friend's fridge (an excellent source of quotes, you know) several years ago:
"I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with senses, reason, and intellect has intended us to forego their use and by some other means to give us knowledge which we can attain by them."
I'll hold with that anytime before holding to the notion that I have a responsibility simply to obey.
Really interesting stuff! I'm supposed to give a talk this weekend in my ward. My topic is 1 Ne. 3:7.
You see a very similar trend in usage of this scripture. If you search for "I will go and do" in the general conference corpus, you see that it is not used at all until the 1890s. From the 1890s to the 1960s, it is used only sparingly (once in five years, on average). Since 1960 (corresponding with the rise of correlation), the scripture has been cited over the general conference pulpit 60 times–a five-fold increase from the previous 60 years.
For fun, I ran "conscience" and synonyms on both data bases. In the LDS conference talks, usage reached its height in the 1880s, before the manifesto, dropped in the 1890s significantly and generally declined thereafter, with an uptick in the 1960s (D. McKay administration?) and declined steadily thereafter. What is more interesting, is that usage has steadily declined over that same time period in general english usage, with no upticks at all.
This is absolutely excellent! Including David H's conscience examination. As a sidebar, I don't know when the last time was that I heard the concept of obedience to "correct principles" taught instead of the obedience to (follow) the living prophet concept.
Since one of the main things changed in the infamous Elder Poelman's conference talk (that was altered after it was presented) was "agency" (free or otherwise), I would be curious to know how that word has fared of late.
Ziff : Charts and graphs :: Elder Uchtdorf : Stories about airplanes
Oh, my goodness. Another in a streak of homeruns, Ziff.
The rise in obedience and and corresponding abandonment of reason (hehe) tracks my lifetime, so I'll excuse myself for not noticing it. I wonder if it was noticeable to someone who came of age 10 or 20 or 30 years earlier?
Thank you, Ziff, for this post. And, thank you, Amelia, for elaborating further on the concept of obedience.
This is fascinating research. While correlation doesn't equal causation, you can draw inferences from this data. I do find your conclusions fascinating. It would make sense that Correlation was founded to bring all organizations under priesthood direction. Isn't it easier to teach obedience through this line rather than hear constant arguments? Easier, yes, but better? Well that is debatable.
(Can I ask how long it takes you to produce a post like this? Inquiring minds want to know)
Thanks for your kind comments, everyone.
Jessawhy, I would guess maybe 6 hours. I tend to work on something like this in bits and pieces for a while and then spend 2-3 hours at the end trying to throw it all together. Certainly as you would guess, the graphs take a lot more time than the writing. (Well, if I were a more careful writer and wrote more revisions, the writing would take as long, but I typically edit much less than I really should.)
Ziff, this post is nifty and all, but are you sure it's not just a way to complain that you don't have the priesthood?
Oh, wait.
Seriously, though, this is fascinating, and I'd love to see you do more analyses like this. What would be especially interesting would be to try to test SilverRain's questions about whether these changes are something about the structure of the church or just correlated to larger cultural changes–for example, could we find similar divergent results for other terms that have changed in status in the surrounding culture over time, like, say, "happiness" and "duty"?
Ooh, I think you touched a nerve.
1 – When Nephi's bow broke he went to his father to ask where he should go to find food. This humbled Lehi who chose to repent of his murmuring and then chose to recommit himself to keep God's commandments faithfully and without complaint.
I'm not sure this is the best example of non-obedience in the book.
2 – I'm sure Correlation is important, but isn't it just a teeny bit ridiculous to ignore the sixties as an influence? Last time I checked it was the birthday of hedonism, pornography and modern individualism. Couldn't the decade contribute to a .02% increase in references to obedience within an organisation which exists to oppose such things?
This is something which is entirely supported by the following tables which show that obedience was becoming a less popular idea generally over the same period among people generally.
It makes sense, at least to me, that during a period of social upheaval, individualism, family breakdown and a shift from established norms and practices towards individualist moral practice including the use of pornography, substance misuse, and sexual promiscuity that the church would respond by increasing its teaching of the virtue and value of obedience.
The bit about obedience being more convenient for church leadership smacks of cynicism. Of course it is more convenient, I'm sure there are many church leaders who would enjoy their callings a lot more if people did as they were asked.
However, as I understand it, when Lucifer proposed enforced obedience we started a war about it.
Obedience is all about choice. No one forces you to obey, no one pays you to obey, no one makes you obey. But you can choose to obey, that's not mindless, zombie-like or lemming like. It's an intelligent exercise of agency.
Personally, from my own experience, being happily obedient, even when it is in your own best interest, is rarely, if ever, the easier choice. To characterize obedience as mindless, imbecilic and agency-free is insulting to my intelligence and wit.
Hagoth, you have a fair point that the broken bow story can be extended to include obedience. I was just citing it as an example where there's something else going on too. This doesn't invalidate my point that there are stories about things other than obedience in our scriptures unless you want to argue that every scripture story can ultimately be thought of as illustrating the importance of obedience.
Regarding the Sixties themselves as an influence, sure, that could be. I'm sure for any word I studied, you could say "the Sixties" when I said "Correlation." It would take a really fine-grained look at trends over time to tease them apart. Or more likely it would be impossible given that neither the Sixties nor Correlation had a clear and definite beginning. When it comes down to it, the Sixties may have even been a contributor to the rise of Correlation, which would mean your interpretation is just pushing one link backward in the causal chain.
The change in uses of obey and like words from before Correlation to after was from about 1.5 per thousand to 1.8 per thousand (ish). Or in other words .0015 to .0018. As you note, this is an increase of .02 (or as I have it, .03), but this is in percentage points. If you look at the change in percentage, 1.8/1.5 = 1.2. The excess, .2, means there was about a 20% increase in uses of obedience and like words. Your framing minimizes it; my framing maximizes it. It good to think about it both ways to get a sense of the change.
The bit about obedience being more convenient for church leadership smacks of cynicism. Of course it is more convenient, I'm sure there are many church leaders who would enjoy their callings a lot more if people did as they were asked.
Exactly. Thanks for getting my point. Call me a cynic for noticing it, but it doesn't make it any less likely to be true. I'll just call you Pollyannaish for not thinking this is a primary motivator for emphasis on obedience.
Finally, regarding your defense of obedience, it appears that you were too busy having your nerve touched to read carefully. I didn't say obedience was "mindless, imbecilic and agency-free." Perhaps you were intending to start (or continue?) an argument on Lynnette's post?
Last time I checked it was the birthday of hedonism, pornography and modern individualism.
Check again.
I'm going to further derail this conversation by injecting my thought that Lucfier's plan didn't remove agency by enforcing obedience but rather by removing the consequences of choice. Choice and accountability, as the YW learn it, are the hallmarks of agency.
Now back to your regularly scheduled ZD discussion…
Thanks, Ziff. Very interesting.
How does it come out if instead of using "reason" as the opposing word to "obedience", you use "agency". Do you get similar results both in GC use and general English language use?
@ Kiskilili
#23 made me smile. I love that you can say so much with 2 words.
23 – Check again
Thanks, but what do you mean? Do you mean it was before or after?
24 – Removing consequence
Really? I've never thought of it that way.
I thought that accountability flowed from choice and that choice or agency was what Lucifer wanted to withhold from us during the war in heaven?
Good points. I suppose I assumed that the sixties was such a massive influence on American and global culture that it would de facto outweigh the influence of Correlation. I should also admit that I am not 100% clear on what Correlation is, it's not part of the common church parlance in my area. I should have done a bit more digging and found some numbers first eh?
I have assumed it is a reference to the universalised curriculum and programme of the church.
Yes, on re-reading I appear to be considering some of Lynette's points when I responded to your OP.
Finally, I am a priesthood leader, and while yes it is more convenient when everyone does what I say without question I really don't think that's my primary motivation in church leadership, hence the nerve thing.
I do hope Kiskilili gets back to me about the sixties though.
About a year and a half ago, God put something in my heart to do. It surprised me. He spoke to me in ways as powerful as He has ever spoken to me. I was living only a couple blocks from the Logan Temple, and I went about several times over the course of a week, and it was always the same. If this wasn't God speaking to me, then God has never spoken to me, and I have no testimony. I got sure about it, because it was something that would raise almost everyone's eyebrows – even very open Mormons. I went and told my parents what I was going to do, and the Spirit was there again. I needed to know that someone would trust me.
And I did it. And even though it has shaken up a number of people's lives, there is already healing on many fronts. I can count at least twelve people whose lives are going to be better, freer, cleaner, more open, happier, because I obeyed.
Point is this: we think of obedience as to the church, but it can never be to the church, per se. First, we make our covenants with God, not the church. Some of those covenants are to do with the church, no mistake. But the covenant is made with God. So that the thing we should most recall is exactly what it is that we have promised. Second, we think of commandments almost exclusively as the carnal rules of membership – but what about what God "works directly in us"? Are His urgings to us as individuals less a command?
I remember Joseph Smith in his letter to Helen Kimball saying something like this: 'whatever God asks us to do, that is the right thing to do.' It may make little sense, it may not conform to everyone's idea of us. It almost certainly will have nothing to do with identities and other postures. But it will be the right thing to do – and doing it will put us in a position to hear even more clearly at the next step.
Cool. ~
And I did it. And even though it has shaken up a number of people's lives, there is already healing on many fronts. I can count at least twelve people whose lives are going to be better, freer, cleaner, more open, happier, because I obeyed.
In a way, obedience may be the first law of earth, but the temple is the first rule of salvation.
Thomas, I think I get your point at http://www.wheatandtares.org/2011/05/26/mysteries-of-salvation-finding-the-intent-of-god/#comment-15963
Guess I should have read ZD first
Great post Ziff! I wasn't all that impressed by the increase (over time) in the usage of obey, but once you look at it against the use outside of a church context, the changes become much more startling!
You also made me think of something else. I like that you searched for reason as the opposite of obey, but I also wonder, what scriptural stories do we have that do actually show us positive examples of disobedience to commandments?
I can think of Eve eating the fruit, but that's it…
Thanks, but what do you mean? Do you mean it was before or after?
Before. If you do not know that hedonism, pornography, and modern individualism have a much longer history than the last 50 years, then you are not familiar with the history of western civilization (and likely non-western civilization, but I am unfamiliar with that history so unwilling to make that assertion). Hedonism, pornography, and what you call "modern individualism" are not new things. It is a misreading of history to believe they are.
Exactly what amelia said. And, I would add, although you're right to point to sixties' culture as a factor, this has less explanatory power than Correlation for a general trend of increases in the term, since the sixties are over but Correlation is still with us.
[…] Mormon society, there's some debate about the church corporation snuffing out the sacred and spiritual — with a helpful object lesson! Other people just […]
Could there be another point to the word obey or obedience than the connotation it has been given in everything posted above?
Obedience has been called the first law of heaven not the first law of earth. So why might obedience be the first law of heaven..?
Why is reason being considered as a counter to obedience?
I have been a life long member of the church but only active for the past 4-5 years after 23 years of inactivity. The corpus on conference talks clearly shows that the tone of talks has changed in many areas. Before I encountered the corpus, as I became active again, I noticed a significant difference in the "tone" of the leaders' talks now verses when I was active pre-1980.
Is correlation a push for obedience or a push for consistency in a growing worldwide church?
James Allen in "As a Man Thinketh" said: "Law, not confusion, is the dominating principle in the universe. Justice, not injustice, is the soul and substance of life. And righteousness, not corruption, is the molding and moving force in the spiritual government of the world. This being so, man has but to right himself to find that the universe is right; and during the process of putting himself right, he will find that as he alters his thoughts toward things and other people, things and other people will alter toward him."
I think correlation has to do with getting things right with the "spiritual government" and obedience and reason have to do with Law. Trying disobeying the laws of physics or quantum mechanics and see how far that kind of "reason" gets you…
Just a thought…
Thank you #28 and #34. You are the voices of reason.
Er, I think you meant to say they were the voices of obedience, JJ.
[…] don't blame you if you don't!) you might remember that a few years ago, I blogged about usage of "obey" and "reason" (as a verb) and found that changes over time in Conference usage were not consistent with changes […]


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Information and Technology Management:
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Eimskip will open a new office in Gdynia, Poland, on March 1.
The Icelandic ocean carrier has hired Piotr Grzenkowicz as managing director of the office. He has worked for Morska Agencja Gdynia for the past 20 years in various positions, most recently as director of the logistics division. He was also an agent for Hapag-Lloyd in Poland from 1995 to 2005.


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Review | Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon
The open-world antics of Far Cry 3 collide face-first with some serious 80s pop culture in the neon-drenced expansion that is Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon. Well, perhaps expansion isn't the right word. Blood Dragon may use the assets, mechanics and general setup of the original Far Cry 3, but with its tongue-in-cheek tribute to […]
The open-world antics of Far Cry 3 collide face-first with some serious 80s pop culture in the neon-drenced expansion that is Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon.
Well, perhaps expansion isn't the right word. Blood Dragon may use the assets, mechanics and general setup of the original Far Cry 3, but with its tongue-in-cheek tribute to games and movies of old, Blood Dragon a life all its own. It's less of an expansion, and more of glimpse into a parallel dimension.
An instant classic
In terms of story, Blood Dragon has all the narrative gravitas of every great 80s action flick. Set in the distant future of 2007, Sergeant Rex Power Colt is a cybernetically-enhanced soldier with a foul mouth and a penchant for cheesy one-liners. And that's about it for story, but the reason we're all here is the addictive gameplay that made the original Far Cry 3 an instant classic – and Blood Dragon has bags of it spilling over the sides.
Set on an island roughly half the size of Far Cry 3's first rock, Blood Dragon isn't exactly a huge leap forward for the franchise; instead it adds a few fun extras that add a little extra flavour to an already great formula. There are zip-lines, outposts, collectables and local wildlife a plenty (all glowing with Tron-esque neon) but the titular blood dragons are one of the real calling cards of this game.
Everybody do the dinosaur
Imagine a giant iguana that glows different colours depending on how angry it is; imagine a giant lizard that can send enemies flying or bite their heads clean off; imagine a dinosaur that can fire freakin' lazers from its eyes! Blood dragons can be pretty tough to take out one on one (a monster with a health bar is usually a bad sign) but why try and take them out when you can use these glowing monsters to your advantage?
Just like freeing caged animals in the main game, you can lure blood dragons into enemy outposts by throwing the cyber-hearts you harvest from fallen enemies. Yes, we said cyber-hearts. But in a weird dose of anti-climax, taking out a blood dragon will simply make it disappear with a small splash of blue blood – no death animation, no explosion, nothing. It's a jarring omission that feels like Ubisoft simply ran out of time before they could finish animating the dragon.
Save the hostage
Outside of the short but sweet main story, there's the usual smattering of outposts across the island. Most are based around the usual open strategy of old (run in all guns blazing or ghost each baddie one at a time), but some require pure stealth to complete. These 'hostage' missions will task you with taking out a whole outpost as quietly as possible, with any triggered alarms resulting in one considerably dead hostage. It's nice to have some constrictive objectives in the open-world setting of Blood Dragon, and it adds another layer to this already engaging experience.
Even if you're not quite old enough to fully appreciate the super nostalgia of Blood Dragon, it's still endlessly charming. The animated cut-scenes nail the look and style of the era – a la classic Metal Gear and the like – and having Michael (Reese from the The Terminator) Biehn on VO duty just shows Ubisoft wanted to make something as authentic as they did something silly and fun.
The IR Verdict
Everything about Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon is ridiculous and over-the-top, and in the four to six hours it will take you to do the campaign and most of the secondary content you'll never get bored once. Most of the weapons are simply re-skinned versions of those from the original game, but blowing away baddies that look like neon-blooded members of Daft Punk never gets old. You also get a glowing, neon bow. A GLOWING, NEON BOW, FOR CHRIST'S SAKE!!!
With a sick synth soundtrack that doffs some serious cap to movies like Assault on Precinct 13 or The Terminator, you won't find many games that offer as much content for 1200 MS points/£11.99. So break out your aviators and give Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon a spin.
Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon is out now on XBLA and PSN. A retail version is also available for the PC faithful, too.


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Monday in photosSept. 9: Serena holds her trophy high, models on the catwalk, Dennis Rodman's next North Korea plan
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Artists perform a traditional mask dance called Gundala Gundala, during Lake Toba Festival on Samosir island, North Sumatra, Indonesia, Monday, Sept. 9, 2013. The cultural festival is held annually to promote tourism in the region. (AP Photo/Binsar Bakkara)
Photo by Binsar Bakkara
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Avengers vs. X-Men
Secret Avengers #27 Preview Features Captain Marvel
Marvel released a preview for Secret Avengers #27 featuring Mar-vell.
Thor Vs. The Phoenix In Space: Avengers Vs. X-Men #4 Preview
Captain America sends Thor to take out the Phoenix Force — in space! From Jonathan Hickman and JRJR.
The "DOC's" Top Of The Comic Book Pile for April 18th, 2012
Marvel brings it's big guns this week, but can Avengers vs. X-Men beat out Batman and the Justice League?
Preview: Avengers Vs. X-Men: Versus #2 (Colors)
Here is a preview for Avengers Vs. X-Men: Versus #2, in stores next month.
Bendis Wrote Defunct The Avengers Video Game - And He Has A Copy
The Avengers video game from THQ was written by Brian Michael Bendis.
Is Avengers vs. X-Men Just Ripping Off What If...The X-Men Lost Inferno?
Way before A vs. X was a thought in the Marvel Architects heads, another book had all the same details — and in this one people stay dead!
Marvel Comics Preview: Avengers #25
Captain America Has Declared War On The X-Men. The Shocking Final Storyline In The Brian Bendis Avengers Saga!


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What's the hottest trend among men who have it all? writing essays for money Buying islands and Picassos is out. Buying newspapers is in. We're not talking about subscriptions here. All self-respecting billionaires should own at least one newspaper, preferably a big one. Within a single week, Amazon founder Jeff Bezos agreed to spend $250 …
Tag Archive: Richmond Times-Dispatch
Aug 08 2013
Unfit to Print: Suddenly, all self-respecting billionaires need to own at least one newspaper.
Business/Financial, Entertainment, Featured
August 8, 2013
Tags: amazon, amazon founder, arch-conservative, bh media, billion, billionaire, billionaires, billionare, billonares, boston globe, Brotherhood of Secrecy, buy, buy a press, buying, buying a press, buying newspaper, buying newspapers, cable, charles koch, charter school, david kock, digital edition, edward snowden, eli broad, Graham, graham family, jeff bezos, John Henry, John W. Henry, Los Angeles Times, Media Reform, national security agency, New York Times, newspaper, newspapers, nsa, Omaha Sun, Omaha World-Herald, own a newspaper, picasso, Press of Atlantic City, pulitzer, Pulitzer Prize, radio, radio networks, red sox, red sox owner, Richmond Times-Dispatch, snowden, The Buffalo News, The Washington Post Co, TV, Warren Buffett, Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway, washington post
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/unfit-to-print-suddenly-all-self-respecting-billionaires-need-to-own-at-least-one-newspaper/
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TOPSHOTS -- AFP PICTURES OF THE YEAR 2014 -- Australian journalist Peter Greste (3rd R) of Al-Jazeera and his colleagues stand inside the defendants cage during their trial for allegedly supporting the Muslim Brotherhood at Cairo's Tora prison on March 5, 2014. The high-profile case that sparked a global outcry over muzzling of the press is seen as a test of the military-installed government's tolerance of independent media, with activists fearing a return to autocracy three years after the Arab Spring uprising that toppled Hosni Mubarak. AFP PHOTO / KHALED DESOUKIKHALED DESOUKI/AFP/Getty Images
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Recalls of the week (4/7 to 4/13)
Here are two of the important recalls that you need to know about for this week.
Kraft Foods is recalling Planters cocktail peanuts. This recall is for just one UPC code and size:
Planters Cocktail Peanuts
12 oz canister
Code Date: 09-Jan-14
The reason for the recall is that Kraft believes that there is a slight possibility that these peanuts may have come into contact with water that was not supposed to be used in food production. 3000 cases were potentially affected and these were sold in the United States and Puerto Rico. No illnesses have been reported in conjunction with this recall and it should be clear that only the one UPC was possibly affected.
The second recall for this week is for tires from Cooper Tire and Rubber Company. This recall affects over 1,000 units. These tires were mislabeled. Mislabeling of the tires means that the wrong inflation information and load range was printed on these tires. This could lead to improper inflation which could lead to an accident. The tires that are being recalled are Discover H/T tires in the LT245/75R16 size. They were manufactured between February 12, 2012 and March 10, 2012. Cooper will replace the tires for free, and provide free mounting and balancing.


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I am a proud mama, firefighter's wife, wannabe baker & blogger. Lover of all things vintage, turquoise, & handmade. Hater of veggies, sushi, & waking up early. Trying to inspire myself and others to always love the life you live.
Read more...
Category Archives: Travel
My Weekend in Salt Lake City at the BYB13 Conference
If you follow me on Instagram, you know I traveled from Texas to Salt Lake City, Utah this weekend to attend the Build Your Blog Conference put on by Six Sisters' Stuff. It was a whirlwind weekend, full of fun … Continue reading
Posted in Travel 7 Comments
Miami, Florida
The last stop of our honeymoon was back to Miami. We had unbelievable weather the entire trip… until Miami. It was raining from the minute we got off the ship. Since our flight wasn't until the evening, we decided … Continue reading
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Nassau, Bahamas
Our final stop before heading back to the U.S. was in Nassau. I have always wanted to go to Nassau and visit the Atlantis Resort, unfortunately we didn't make it over to that side of the island this trip. Nassau … Continue reading
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New in Haml 3.2: hyphenated data attributes
One of the best new features in Haml 3.2 for me personally is the hyphenate_data_attrs option. Here's what it does.
Adventure series is not only good compressibility, ultra-light weight, excellent thermal performance, the discount north face Adventure Series 700 bulkiness to achieve high warmth-weight ratio, very suitable for cold winter use. discount north face jackets the outer layer of water repellent material fabric, enough to deal with a variety of unexpected situations in outdoor sports, to living outdoors warm dry dual protection. Fleece collar lining can get rid of kinetic friction bring discomfort to the jaw. Wind rain and snow can be combined with cheap north face waterproof jacket wearing weather. Clothes can also be packaged to intervene in the bag, is a good partner for your winter travel.honey618 - January 19, 2013 02:26


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Do We Look Like Our Soul Mates?
"LOVE IS COMPOSED OF A SINGLE SOUL INHABITING TWO BODIES" Aristotle
Do soul mates look alike? How should I know? I'm no expert in the science of "Soul mates look alike" research. But…there is research.
When I ran into a story on Huffington Post featuring celebrity couples and talking about a dating site called "Face Mates", I went through the pictures first. Huffpo takes us through 20 who look alike, and they.. kind of did. Or at least most of them. They started with Hilary Swank and John Campisi. I'd give those two a yes, they do. But it was the much maligned partners Eddie Cibrian and Lee Ann Rimes that really gave me pause. There was an almost freaky brother/ sister look to them. See for yourself, some are a stretch, but there might be something to this: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/10/celebrity-couples-who-look-alike_n_2443187.html.
Then I went over to the"Face Mates" site. http://www.findyourfacemate.com/ "Find Your Facemate" was founded by Christina Bloom in 2010, actually based on research by Dr. R. Chris Fraley of the University of Illinois. He used digitally morphed photos of a subject's face and a stranger's face and found that morphed faces drew the attention of the subjects more, as opposed to the subject and the stranger's face alone. Hmmm… Here's how the site puts it…"
Find Your FaceMate® is a revolutionary new online dating site that employs sophisticated facial recognition software and a proprietary algorithm to identify partners more likely to ignite real passion and compatibility. We employ The Science & Art of Love™ in fine tuning the search for meaningful relationships. Scientists offer compelling data on romantic chemistry and findings prove that passion is subconsciously ignited when we spot someone whose facial features are similar to our own. Find Your FaceMate® offers a unique service to the ever expanding market of online daters". Apparently Ms. Bloom's site has more than 50,000 users worldwide and climbing. Good for Ms. Bloom, the whole concept is a smart move on her part. I hope she give Dr. Fraley a cut.
I began to think of couples I knew. According to Bloom, it's really all about the face, and we shouldn't get caught up with hair color, height, or race. I looked at a picture of five couples who attended my wedding. One had been married over 25 years and could win " still the cutest couple ever after all these years' contests world wide. You should see their children, the PhD supermodels. But.. they also have a similar look.
The couple in back of us, pictured below, have also been together for many years. They are one of those couples that "go together", similar look, elegant and imposing couple, both tall and beautifully dressed, but…they kind of look alike too.
As I studied the picture a bit more, I landed on these two below. They are the template for long time happy couples. I know them well, and it's absolutely the real deal.
There is also research, done in 2006, on long together couples starting to look alike with time. In 2006, University of Michigan psychologist Robert Zajonc studied pictures of 25 couples over time, and came to the conclusion, that yes, they did start to look alike. I've noticed that before. I call it the "Anne Bancroft, Mel Brooks" theory. Not much similarity with these two long marrieds when they started out, but looking at pictures of them before Ms. Bancroft died, they had kind of morphed into "face mates". I'm using the term now, I'm starting to get sold on this.
Could looking for a matching face be the supreme version of narcissism once demonstrated by the famous "A-Rod" picture of him kissing himself? Do you think Mr. Rodriguez will ever find his face mate or should he just marry himself… and what does that mean about the rest of us? Here's a quote from Sharon Young, a college administrator, in USA today, ""I do think there's an innate tendency for people, myself included, to be attracted to people who look like them. There's a familiarness to it," Is this true and more important, is there such a word as "familiarness"?
No matter, I'm getting closer to buying into this and I'm going to be looking for more pictures of my husband and I. Some I remember don't really highlight this whole theory, but I just found one taken at the "Bully" documentary premiere at Tribeca in 2011 in some harsh light. Forget about the gray hair on him, and the phony blond streaks on me and that he's a Jewish guy from Manhattan and I'm waspish woman from Iowa. I did notice that we both have longer narrow faces. We have known each other a long time, but have only been a couple for a few years, so I don't think we're in the Bancroft/Brooks territory, but I'm studying this closely for the "face match" theory. The first thing that jumps out at me is the matching forehead wrinkles. I would see that, that's where I go first. But, I'm starting to see a passing similarity.
To mangle Pogo's famous comment, perhaps we have looked at our future mate and decided "they is us". It could be that we do just fall in love with ourselves, something that is supposed to be healthy, in moderation, like everything else. The couples I know well who attended my wedding don't even come close to being narcissistic, so perhaps being drawn to "face mates" is just natures way of helping us understand and nurture ourselves at some basic level. My sister the sociology teacher tells me that this is social science, nothing particularly new. But, I'm glad Ms. Bloom applied this, and I'll be watching how this site matures.
As for me, was I drawn to someone who I thought looked a bit like me because I'm just a classic narcissist? I'm going to look for "narcissist" quotes now. Bulls eye…. Just found this one, by the incredible but tragic Sylvia Plath. "I think writers are the most narcissistic people." From one writer who pales in comparison to the magical you, thank you, Sylvia, I couldn't have said it better myself.
Are you with a "Face Mate"? Leave me a comment…


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- Adult Adventure
- Some Body Parts
- Tools and Tapers
- Straight Barbells
- Accessories
- Curved Barbells
- Replacement Parts
- Captive Bead Rings
- Earlets & Tunnels
- 14k Gold Only
- Ear Plugs
- Segment & Seamless Rings
- Spirals & Claws
- Organics
- Charms
- Hide Your Piercing
- Circular Barbells
- Genuine Diamond Jewelry
- Fixed Bead Rings
- Screwball Rings
Review Details
Monster Screwball Rings
- Product Review (submitted on April 15, 2013):
Hi There, I just received my order today. I am now wearing the jewellery and the weight and smooth precision craftsmanship make this a very comfortable piece so far. I love it and man that monster ball is perfectly placed. Great Job.
Highly Recommended
Thanks and can`t wait to get my other order


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This tutorial was written in September 2002 and © by Lady Oz. You may make a copy of this tutorial or print it out for your own personal use ONLY. If you would like to LINK to my tutorials to share them with others please let me know. What you create from my tutorials belong to you to do with as you wish....I hold no claim to them.
How to make a Greeting Card in just a few easy steps.
There are many valid and good reasons why we should make our own greeting cards these days and here are just a few of them. Home made cards are much more personal, made from the heart and with exactly what we want to say...but also are a lot cheaper than those you can buy in the shops. Why search and search from shop to shop, feet aching, head throbbing and not to mention the frustration that we feel when we find the picture we like, only to open the card to find a load of drivel and of course vice versa. Up until mid 2000, I made my own greeting cards, I started making them in 1994 when I got my first computer....not only that but I was asked by many a friend, neighbour and relative to make them for them also. They have been sent to all over Britain, US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand....now you too can do the same by following this easy tutorial. I am planning on getting back into making them for all the reasons above and also because I still have stacks of envelopes and card to use up...I got very slack in the card making arena when I joined the Internet crowd. ;o) I do have the Hallmark Card program but haven't even got it installed now and after doing this tutorial, I don't expect I ever will either as it is a lot easier for me to do it this way....now that the templates have been made and I can use them time and time again. Of course this tutorial is perfect for those of you who do not have a card making program...well at least I think so. *snort*
What you will need.
How to create your Greeting Card!
*Note* The size of my template is to make an average size card size 5.32 inches wide by 7.60 inches high (when folded in half)...it is not designed to fit the whole paper or card, whichever you choose to use. If you wish to use another size then all you have to do is to resize the template by going to 'Image'....Canvas Size. I changed my ruler settings for this card by going to 'File'...'Preferences'...'General Program Preferences'...'Ruler and Units'...then changing the 'display units' to inches....also changing the 'Default Resolution' to Pixels/inch. I found this measurement the easiest to work with for this particular project...it is up to you of course how you set yours.
Also, my screen captures are reduced 70% for quicker loading, so yours will be larger than these.
Step 1* Open the Greeting Card and the inside templates. Make a copy of these Shift+D....or 'Window'...'Duplicate'...close the original templates for safe keeping. *s* Save these copies and remember to save often. Minimise the inside template for now.
Step 2* Make the Large card template the active image and open up the layer palette, you should see that there is a white background which is called 'design' and 'guidelines' which has the dividing lines and also the central point to indicate where you place your logo etc...when you are ready to print your card, this layer will be hidden. Otherwise it will look odd! *grin*
Step 3* Highlight the guidelines layer, and with your magic wand select inside of the Front of the card, this should be surrounded by the 'marching ants'. See Template above.
Step 4* Keeping this area selected, click on the 'design' layer and decorate it in anyway you wish.
Step 5* What I did with my basic sample, was to fill with my choice of colour, which was blue, keeping the area selected...I then went to Selections...Modify...Contract..60 and deleted. I was left with a narrow border which I applied Fantastic Machine's Paint Engine to...I then filled in the white area. Don't forget to add layers while keeping the selection...makes it easy to move your images and text around. I merged my extra layers for the front when I was finished designing it and renamed it 'design'.
Step 6* Once you have finished doing the front of your card, go to Selections...Invert...now the marching ants will be around the 'Back' section of the card. Decorate this with your logo...trademark or colophon...it's your card so you know what you want. *grin* Don't forget to add layers whilst you add things and use the design lines to centralize your images and text. Above all 'DON'T FORGET TO SAVE!' Merge all (flatten) Minimise this as you are going to work on the inside of the card now.
I put a black edge around this example so that it can stand out on this page.
Now open up the template for the inside of your card. Apply the text and any images in the same way as you did for the front. Remember to hide the guidelines before you merge all (flatten) Save!
You are now ready to print your card out and seeing as all printers are not the same, I will leave you to work out the layout for your printer. I will advise though that you put an 'X' or mark on what will be the top of your card, so you will know which way to place your card or paper. I have a HP Deskjet 930 C printer and I had to adjust my left margin so that it centered my card.
As you will see by the screen shot below. I am using the Australian standard size (A4...which is 210 x 297 mm) The Letter size is not quite big enough for this template as it is only 8 x 11 inches (210 x 280 mm) However, I did try out one other thing which worked out good too and that was to scroll down in the size box of your Page Setup and chose 'User defined paper size'. Other than that, if you are using the Letter size set up then you can decrease the size of your template (which I will be doing later anyway so that I have different sized cards for any occasion) *s* Anyway, I printed out one of the A4 size and keeping the same margins and 100%, printed one in the user defined size.. both turned out perfect! This is my page setup below...yours may be the same or maybe not, you will have to work that out yourself. *Don't forget to use your print preview in PSP so that you can see whether or not any changes you may have made are good or not.
I hope that you have enjoyed this tutorial and have had a lot of fun making your card...looking forward to seeing your results.
***One of my testers, who has the HP 952 C printer, sent in the tips for how she made her card using my templates, adjusting the settings to suit her printer. Nancy, found that if you set half inch margins left and top and resize the template to 10x7.5 inches and put an additional margin (space) of 1 inch down the center of the paper, the front and back graphics will come out centered when printed ( she added "at least with my printer"). *** Thanks Nancy! *s*
Have Fun! and Email if you have any problems!
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I actually had to deal with this for the first time a couple weeks ago: http://bschoolblog.wordpress.com/2009/02/22/hire-american-first/
Mostly tried to follow your advice. Good tips.
New data from a survey of 1,092 consumers by Opinion Research Corporation found that 85% of social media users thought companies should interact with them through social media. This is strong validation for social media marketing. Consumers, tired of being shouted at, are ok with properly managed social media marketing campaigns like those we do for our clients.
Emarketer reported the results of the study. Only 7% of people felt companies should not be in social media at all, while another 8% felt that it would be ok for companies to have a presence but not interact. (I'm not sure I really understand that perspective, but ok…). 51% felt that social media marketing was ok if the interaction was somewhat limited and the last 34% felt companies should go all in.
I can tell you first hand that companies are jumping into this space rapidly, but another survey puts some numbers on the trend. Online retailers are naturally early to the game, and a plurality are choosing Facebook, followed closely by MySpace and YouTube.
I'm glad consumers are accepting the early entries, even though some of the initial social media marketing examples have been a bit clumsy. My hope is that as professionals in this space, we continue to earn this trust by not turning this into spam.
Tell us about yourself and sign up for our weekly newsletter, Social You Should Know. You'll receive the latest social media news and insights from Jim Tobin and the Ignite Social Media team.
I actually had to deal with this for the first time a couple weeks ago: http://bschoolblog.wordpress.com/2009/02/22/hire-american-first/
Mostly tried to follow your advice. Good tips.
Responding to comments is a great way to control the negative comments but sometimes you do have to delete if they are really un-called for like racisim
Great info. I clicked through here from Lauren's blog from Radian6 on this topic. I offered the same comment over there.
From a corporate perspective, since I'm a big process guy, I would add that these recommendations need to be implemented in the context of an overall logical engagement process flow. For example, a simple model should include three high level steps: assess the blog, assess the post, develop an appropriate response. Is it just a brand bashing site? Does the blog have a significant readership or influence? Is the post just a rant or does it have substance? Was the post a result of a personal negative experience or issue that may indicate a more serious product liability risk or is it just hearsay?
Systematically answering these questions will help organize the flow of response, the type of response and whether a response is even required.
Hope that's additive.


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Analyst Was Early to See Possible Value in AMR Shares
CHARLOTTE, N.C. ( TheStreet) -- A Wall Street analyst said the run-up in shares in bankrupt AMR (AAMRQ.PK)may have some validity after all.
Normally, outstanding common shares in a bankrupt company decline to zero and are cancelled on emergence from bankruptcy so that the company can issue new stock. But it is conceivable that an exception will occur in the case of AMR. Shares closed Friday at $1.60. Since Jan. 1, when they traded at 80 cents, the shares have doubled.
CRT Capital Group analyst Kevin Starke first wrote about the shares on Dec. 7, when they opened at 51 cents, saying in a report that an equity recovery "cannot be ruled out." His report may have contributed to the steep climb in the shares' value.
Starke wrote at the time that some of the members of an ad hoc bondholder group had "substantial holdings in the common stock" and might support a reorganization plan that benefitted equity holders and bondholders.In a subsequent report on Dec. 14, Starke reiterated his views. He wrote again that the claims against American Airlines, which is also bankrupt, include a $2.4 billion intercompany claim by AMR, meaning that creditors with claims against both companies could be in for a "double dip" recovery. In a reported offer by US Airways (LCC) to turn over 70% of AMR stock to creditors, those "double dip" creditors could be entitled to more than the $2.8 billion value of their claims -- which would be illegal. The excess, Starke wrote, could go to the equity holders; it would be worth around 80 cents a share. Starke also described additional possible scenarios. One involves US Airways turning over 80% of the company to creditors, which Starke considers more likely than 70%, using a valuation based on an AMR standalone plan.With creditors getting 80%, "double dip" creditors would be entitled to $1.2 billion more than they can legally collect. In the unlikely event that money all flowed to equity, shares could be valued at $3.65 each. But Starke said that "this would be seen as even more egregious to single-dip creditors," and that a negotiated deal would likely result in a lower -- perhaps far lower -- valuation. It is also possible, Starke wrote, that single-dip creditors could challenge AMR's claim against American Airlines, obviously a closely related company. But since the double-dip creditors also hold common stock, they "may have little reason to oppose the recovery to equity," he said. Starke's report included a warning to buyers of AMR common shares. He noted: "Anyone buying a bankrupt equity should know that being at the bottom of the food chain is generally going to be a very high-risk bet, and maybe be better as an adjunct to a position in the bonds or trade claims." Last week, in a regulatory filing of a letter to a U.S. Justice Department attorney, AMR bankruptcy attorney Harvey Miller appeared to lend a measure of support to Stark's analysis. In the letter, Miller said AMR has "made remarkable progress in stabilizing their businesses and improving their prospects. "Depending upon the ultimate strategic alternative adopted and pursued, there exists a reasonable possibility that there may be value for AMR equity holders consistent with the absolute priority rule," he said. Earlier, Miller opposed a request by an equity holder to allow a committee to represent equity holders. He said then that it was unlikely that equity holders would receive anything for their shares. But now, he said, a possibility exists. For its part, AMR said in November that its shares would have little or no value when it emerges from bankruptcy. In last week's filing, AMR again cautioned against assuming that the shares will have value. It said that Miller's letter "was not prepared for the purpose of providing the basis for an investment decision." Follow @tedreednc -- Written by Ted Reed in Charlotte, N.C. >To contact the writer of this article, click here: Ted Reed
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I've really just about had it with this school bullshit. I have to do all my manga art in school because at home I have no time. Why? HOMEWORK! Oh sure you'd think that after SIX FRIGGIN' ASS HOURS you'd be free... BUT NOOOO! It follows you home in the form of homework, LIKE THE SICK PUPPY THAT IT IS!! ARG! And people keep throwing stuff at me. Am I that squooshy? ANSWER ME, SQUALL! ...Uh. o-o Oh, yeah, and this is for Brendon Riley. We tried to get your phone number to say in a very sexy voice... "Ooh... ahh... YOU'RE A FUCKIN' HILLBILLY." Shit, man. His teeth are like buck and goin' out to the size of Yuuichi-kun's member. So's his nose for that matter.
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