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January 21, 2014
Jamie Pitts, Assistant Professor of Anabaptist Studies
In an earlier blog post, I called this A (potentially transformative) Teachable Moment in the life of our church. A number of AMBS faculty offered ideas about conversations we should be having throughout the church—and are having at places like AMBS. This is the first of two guest posts by Assistant Professor of Anabaptist Studies Jamie Pitts. In this first post, Pitts names some of the problems for Yoder's theology raised by his actions and suggests that revisionary criticism is necessary. A follow-up post will explore positive possibilities for a post-Yoderian theology constructed in dialogue with feminism, theological studies of sexual abuse, and a deeper contextualization of Yoder's thought.
As Mennonites and others continue to grapple with the complexity of John Howard Yoder's legacy, the question of what to do with his theology remains. For many around the world, Yoder's statement of the interconnections among Jesus, nonviolence, and the church is regarded as an essential insight into Christian faith.
Popular Christian movements such as "neo-Anabaptism" in the USA and "radical evangelicalism" in Latin America and the UK have been inspired by Yoder's theology, and his work is widely discussed in a range of academic settings. Stanley Hauerwas is not the only one who converted into a "Mennonite camp follower" by reading Yoder. Many of us have taken additional steps from the camp into Mennonite churches.
Yoder's influence is indisputable. The problematic nature of his sexually abusive behavior is likewise indisputable. Although some interpreters continue to insist that Yoder's writing can be isolated from his deplorable actions, there is growing agreement that such a separation is untenable. Even Yoder's staunchest defenders finally have to respond to this reality.
Yoder claimed repeatedly that living testimony was inseparably tied to the integrity of one's verbal proclamation of the gospel. If Yoder is right, then failed performance of the gospel should lead, at the very least, to suspicion about the words used in that performance. Some of Yoder's actions were very bad news; it would be surprising if all his words were good news, were gospel.
The subtitle of my recent book is Revising John Howard Yoder's Sociological Theology. Throughout the book I investigate criticisms of Yoder's work and suggest revisions that could lead us into a post-Yoderian theological space. I talk about revision rather than repudiation, and being post-Yoderian rather than anti-Yoderian, because I think it would be a mistake to simply dismiss or discredit Yoder altogether.
What is valuable about his theology is precisely that it directs our attention to the intimate interconnections between doctrine and politics, faith and power. Yoder is of course not the first or only theologian to make these connections. But he did so powerfully and influentially. Phrases like "the politics of Jesus," "church as polis," and "anti-Constantinianism" will long be associated with his name, for better or worse.
In my book I respond to criticisms of Yoder's work by proposing a post-Yoderian Anabaptist theology that avoids reducing theology to ethics, and ethics to a narrowly conceived ecclesiasticism. Yet it remains a fully sociological theology, a theology attuned to the power-laden structures of embodied faith. Although I take inspiration from Yoder, I also find him to be ambiguous, reductive, and idealistic.
After writing the book I learned of Yoder's sexually harassing and abusive behavior. It quickly became apparent that my critical analysis of Yoder's theology was woefully incomplete. Although I had grappled with the empirical and moral complexity of Yoder's writings on social practice, I had failed to grapple with the complexity of his own social practice. Although I had attempted to articulate a more subtle understanding of theological power, I had failed to integrate into my theology an understanding of Yoder's egregious abuse of his own power. More work is needed for a genuinely post-Yoderian theology.
Theology cannot be the product of one man, or even a collection of men. The almost total failure of the Yoder guild to publicly engage feminist scholars and scholarship must end. Left, right, and center, the field of Yoder studies has largely been dominated by white men talking amongst ourselves, in spite of significant contributions from Gayle Gerber Koontz, Nancey Murphy, Cynthia Hess, and other women. We have produced a reduced and impoverished theology as a result. We must do better.
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January 09, 2014
Deutsche Fotothek, Baume in winterlicher Gebirgslandschaft 1847 (Wikimedia Commons)
Over the recent long days of snow and extreme cold in northern Indiana, Chanticleer's "In the bleak mid-winter" held me in its grip. Not sure why. I turned to it over and over again for solace as I read through several dark chapters of our church's history—files that have been off limits because they tell a story we would rather not have to remember.
In the bleak midwinter
Frosty wind made moan,
Earth stood hard as iron,
Water like a stone;
Snow had fallen, snow on snow,
Snow on snow,
In the bleak midwinter,
Long, long ago.
There is much about our history, whether personal, familial, congregational, institutional or denominational, that any one of us wishes would be different. Reading through dark chapters of things we regret about our story is anguishing work, but I did it as a labor of hope. I long for us as a people to learn to be more honestly transparent with each other, to name our fears, confess our failures, and awaken to the gift of grace freely given.
"The truth will set you free…but not before it's done with you." That's what Nadia Bolz-Weber says in Pastrix: The cranky, beautiful faith of a sinner & saint. "Jesus goes on and on about how we really actually like darkness more than light because, let's face it, the darkness hides our bullshit." And she continues, "The truth does crush us, but the instant it crushes us, it somehow puts us back together into something honest. It's death and resurrection every time it happens."
The stories I was reading tell of seminary and church leaders' painful, costly effort to work with integrity amid enormous pressures. There is much that witnesses to their faithful commitment and firm resolve. And there is much to lament with deep sorrow for how we as a people failed each other. Why were we blind to the true nature of the evil being perpetrated and deaf to those who knew the Body was being seriously harmed? Why? Why? Why?
The more I've read about others from years gone by, the more I am drawn to reflect on our own times. How open to scrutiny am I? What are our blind spots as a learning community? As a church? In what ways will our children and grandchildren look back and wonder why we couldn't see what will seem so obvious to them in hindsight? The conflicts that threaten to tear us apart now—whether about sexuality, economic disparity, environmental justice, race, biblical interpretation, will no doubt look starkly different when held up in the light of painfully learned historical perspective.
Tears of lament give way amid Chanticleer's exquisite harmonies to renewed confidence that the truth when spoken may crush us, but will also put us back together.
In the hours before dawn, the prayer of the psalmist became my prayer for all of us: "Let the bones that you have crushed rejoice. Hide your face from our sins, and blot out all our iniquities. Create in us clean hearts, O God, and put a new and right spirit within us. Do not cast us away from your presence, and do not take your holy spirit from us. Restore to us the joy of your salvation, and sustain in us a willing spirit" (Psalm 51:8-12, adapted).
This blog is hosted by Sara Wenger Shenk. While Sara is president of Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary, she writes as a practical theologian trying to make sense of everyday life—in light of God's reconciling mission in the world.
The views Sara shares here are not the voice of AMBS. As a woman, mother, author, educator, lover of God, Sara is a restless scout—searching out ways that lead toward God's shalom. She doesn't assert answers so much as pose questions, test assumptions, resist labels, play with possibilities, experiment with integration, practice wholeness. She hopes this blog will provide a spacious forum for thoughtful discernment around sometimes contentious issues.


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After releasing Olympia (an Album Of The Week for us) last year, Austra is back with the Habitat EP. We heard the title track last month, but now you can stream the entire release below.
Habitat is out 6/17 via Paper Bag/Domino.
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Martin Whitmarsh is singing the praises of Lewis Hamilton after he "drove superbly" and "made no mistakes" to take the Hungarian GP win.
Leading from start to finish, Hamilton managed to stay just in front of first Romain Grosjean and then Kimi Raikkonen.
The McLaren driver did not put a wheel wrong despite the intense pressure and running his last set of Pirelli tyres for just short of 30 laps.
"Lewis drove a great race," Whitmarsh told Sky Sports F1.
"Obviously looking after the tyres was tough and he just drove superbly, made no mistakes, looked after the tyres and was more confident than we were for most of that race.
"I think we had the quickest car.
"Looking after the tyres was difficult for both drivers, so maybe we need to look a little bit at tyre durability, but, it was quick enough to cross the line first and that is quick enough for me today."
While Hamilton brought in 25 points on Sunday, Button added eight to put McLaren up to second in the Constructors' standings ahead of Lotus and Ferrari.
"We needed to get points in the bag," Whitmarsh said. "We are hauling ourselves up in the Constructors' Championship, and Lewis has cruised up behind that second echelon of drivers in the Championship.
"We said before this race that there are 430 points available in the rest of the Championship. We didn't get as many as we wanted this weekend but we have a decent haul.
"If we can do it week in week out there is no reason we can't be in Brazil at the end of the year fighting for both Championships."
Related Links
Report: Hamilton Triumphs In Budapest
Sunday's Pictures From Hungary


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Pickup truck plunges into riverSeptember 07,2013CLAREMONT, N.H. Police say a pickup driver who refused to stop for police in Claremont, N.H., speeded down a dead-end road, plunged into a river and swam away before he was found and arrested several hours later.
Police said the truck driven by 18-year-old Travis Hattery of Walpole crashed through trees, became airborne and crashed into the Sugar River early Friday.
A dive team searched for him; Hattery was later found in Claremont. He was charged with reckless conduct with a deadly weapon and other crimes. Police said the pickup was stolen.
Police said a juvenile passenger from Westminster, Vt., also was in the truck. He swam away from police and was later found in Bellows Falls, Vt.MORE IN This Just InHAVANA Daniela Martinez long figured that someday she would leave the struggles of daily life... Full StoryPESHAWAR, Pakistan Six militants were killed in a U.S. Full StoryNEW YORK Even as New Yorks police department takes heat for its tactics in the outrage over... Full Story
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: In 1972, Christmas bombing of North Vietnam ordered by President Richard Nixon, most lethal strikes of the war; in 1989, U.S. invades Panama to depose, arrest and charge Gen. Manuel Noriega with drug trafficking, racketeering.
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: In 533 AD, Byzantine Emperor Justinian I gets the old empire back together again routing the Vandals from Carthage; in 1890, Lakota Chief Sitting Bull is killed at his home in South Dakota; in 1970, Soviets land probe on Venus.
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SAFETY WARNING: Your internet activity may be monitored by an abuser. Learn more...
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|For general information only. If you are looking for help,
please see our Shelters and Services page.
Economic abuse can come in many forms, including
Survivors, please contact your local agency about the following information and for support in navigating the resources available in your area.
Support can come in the form of individual development accounts (IDAs). IDAs are matched savings accounts that help low-income individuals save for buying a first home, starting a small business, or pursuing post-secondary education.
Along with IDAs, there are additional resources and education for survivors of domestic violence. Education and information about free tax preparation services, credit counseling, and purchasing assets are all resources that can empower survivors to build economic security.
Asset Building for Survivors: A Toolkit is a resource guide developed by Bradley Angle, with support from the Allstate Foundation, CASA of Oregon, and the Foundation for Financial Planning.
These resources can help inform you of your rights and access tools for economic support:
Employment Rights- Oregon has laws protecting survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking in the workplace. Along with protection against discrimination, there are laws that allow survivors to take time off to address safety matters.
Housing Rights- Survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking have protection under Oregon landlord-tenant law. Under these laws survivors or not to be discriminated against for the violence perpetrated against them. They also provide avenues for breaking leases and splitting leases so the perpetrator can be removed from the lease.
Crime Victims' Compensation (CVC)- CVC covers medical, dental, hospital, funeral, counseling, physical rehabilitation, and transportation expenses that a victim accrues as well as loss of wages and support that results from the perpetration of a violent crime that has been reported to law enforcement.
Child Support- If someone wishes to seek child support but is fearful of the other party, the Oregon Child Support Program will take precautions to keep personal information confidential in child support records.
Unemployment Insurance- If you have recently lost your job you may qualify for unemployment insurance as you search for new employment.
Goodwill Inc.- Goodwill provides services for those seeking employment. Its Job Connection Program provides you with assistance, referrals, and an employment specialist for free.
Worksource Oregon- This organization provides resource recommendations and referrals for individual employment situations. They have several locations throughout the state and offer referrals to local agencies.
NEDCO- As a HUD-approved housing counseling agency, NEDCO provides services to Lane and Marion Counties, but also partners with other community agencies. It focuses on home ownership for low-income families.
TANF- Temporary Assistance for Needy Families can provide time-limited assistance to domestic violence survivors. Support is available for those fleeing from, or trying to stay away from, a domestic violence situation. TANF can assist with relocation costs, housing-related payments, the replacement of personal items, or the purchase of items to address safety concerns, like new locks or PO boxes.


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"We have thoroughly tested and evaluated the Walkin' Wheels Dog Wheelchair and found it to be an excellent solution for dogs with leg and back problems as a permanent device for assisting mobility during recovery.
On a recent survey of Dog Wheelchair Owners we asked:
Did the dog adapt quickly to the Dog Wheelchair? What tips would you have for a first time user of the dog wheelchair to get the dog used to it?
Here are some of the answers we received.
Golden - She adapted pretty quickly A few treats come in handy. [Yup! It's a Golden!]
French Bulldog - It took him a month or two. He still cannot use it in the grass because his front muscles aren't built up enough to pull himself. He also cannot use it in the house because he hits legs of chairs, tables, etc and gets caught. Tips: Start out by using it outdoors in an open space. I started in the house and he ran into the table and it scared him. It took a long time for him to not be frightened of it. Use treats as a reward for moving a inches, then feet, etc. He will eventually get used to it.


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Beginning iOS 4 Application Development
656 pages
October 2010
Written by an experienced Apple developer and trainer, this full-color reference serves as an ideal jumping point for creating applications for Apple's iOS 4 that runs on the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad. In addition to in-depth coverage of the iOS SDK, the book walks you through the various core aspects of iPhone and iPad development. You'll learn how to take advantage of the tools provided by XCode and you'll benefit from a solid introduction to Objective-C, which allows you to have a smooth transition to iPhone development from another platform.
- Offers a solid foundation for creating applications for Apple's iOS 4
- Covers all the new features of iOS 4 and provides a new applications template for developing iPad and iPhone apps
- Addresses the new PopoverView for iPad apps
- Shows how to develop background applications, which is one of the new features in iOS 4
Beginning iOS 4 Application Development is your ultimate resource for creating applications for Apple's iOS 4.
Part I: Getting Started.
Chapter 1: Getting Started with iOS 4 Programming.
Chapter 2: Write Your First Hello World! Application.
Chapter 3: Views, Outlets, and Actions.
Chapter 4: View Controllers.
Chapter 5: Multi-Platform Support for the iPhone and iPad.
Chapter 6: Keyboard Inputs.
Chapter 7: Sc reen Rotations.
Part II : Displaying and Persisting Data.
Chapter 8: Using the Table View.
Chapter 9: App lication Preferences.
Chapter 10: File Handling.
Chapter 11: Using Database Storage SQLite3.
Part III : Advanced iOS 4 Programming Techniques.
Chapter 12: Simple Animations and Video Playback.
Chapter 13: Accessing Built-In Applications.
Chapter 14: Recognizing Gestures.
Chapter 15: Accessing the Accelerometer.
Part IV: Network Programming Techniques.
Chapter 16: Web Services.
Chapter 17: Bluetooth Programming.
Chapter 18: Bonjour Programming.
Chapter 19: Apple Push Notification Service.
Chapter 20: Displaying Maps.
Chapter 21: Background Applications.
Part V: Appendices.
Appendix A: Testing on an Actual Device.
Appendix B: Getting Around in Xcode.
Appendix C: Getting Around in Interface Builder.
Appendix D: Crash Course in Objective-C.
App endix E: Answers to Exercises.
Wei-Meng Lee is a technologist and founder of Developer Learning Solutions, a technology company specializing in hands-on training in the latest Microsoft and Apple technologies. He is also the author of Beginning iPhone SDK Programming with Objective-C and Beginning iPad Application Development.
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Do you think you've discovered an error in this book? Please check the list of errata below to see if we've already addressed the error. If not, please submit the error via our Errata Form. We will attempt to verify your error; if you're right, we will post a correction below.
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|Error in Text
Line 4. The text 'you use the " and " characters' uses monotype font unnecessarily for the word 'and' since the word 'and' is not part of source code.


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Morning Briefing: 10 Things You Should Know
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- Here are 10 things you should know for Monday, Feb. 11:
1. -- U.S. stock futures were pointing to gains on Wall Street Monday as most Asian markets were closed for the Lunar New Year holiday.
European shares were mostly higher in early trading.
2. -- The economic calendar in the U.S. Monday is bare.
3. -- U.S. stocks on Friday finished with gains as investors got a boost from better-than-expected trade data. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 49 points, or 0.35%, to 13,993. The blue-chip index fell 0.12% for the week. The S&P 500 rose 9 points, or 0.57%, to 1,518. The index increased 0.31% for the week. The Nasdaq added 29 points, or 0.91%, to close at 3,194. The tech-heavy index ticked up 0.46% for the week.
4. -- President Obama is prepping for his State of the Union address on Tuesday. Obama's speech reportedly is expected to focus on job creation but Politico said the president will use his speech to force the GOP into accepting more taxes and fewer budget cuts as part of a deal to avert $1.2 trillion of sequester cuts on March 1.
5. -- Google's (GOOG) executive chairman, Eric Schmidt, plans to sell more than 40% of his shares in the Internet search giant. Schmidt plans to sell 3.2 million shares of Google. If he sold all of the shares at Google's closing price Friday of $785.37, he would take home $2.51 billion.
6. -- AMR (AAMRQ.PK), the parent of American Airlines, and US Airways (LCC) are in final negotiations on a merger that could be announced this week, according to reports . The $11 billion merger would create the world's largest airline.
7. -- Southeastern Asset Management has been joined by three of Dell's (DELL) largest shareholders to object to the $24.4 billion deal to take the No. 3 PC maker private, Reuters reported.
8. -- Film studio Lions Gate Entertainment (LGF) is expected by Wall Street on Monday to report fiscal third-quarter earnings of 16 cents a share on revenue of $707 million.
9. -- Milford, Conn., recorded the highest snow totals from a weekend storm that smacked the Northeast. According to the Weather Channel, Milford got 38 inches of snow. Boston was hit with almost 22 inches of snow; New York's Central Park recorded 11.4 inches.
10. -- Mumford & Sons' "Babel" won album of the year at the Grammy Awards Sunday night.
-- Written by Joseph Woelfel
>To contact the writer of this article, click here: Joseph Woelfel >To submit a news tip, send an email to: email@example.com.
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The Secret to Beating Fatigue
Sleep is only part of the answer. By adding the right things to your day, you'll have more energy (and more time, too)
By Denise Foley
Special Offers
There's always coffee (frequent small shots work better than gulping a grande to keep you charged), but here are some other quick fixes for a temporary slump:
A nap For best results, nod off for 20 minutes between 1:00 and 3:00 in the afternoon. Studies by UC Riverside researcher Sara Mednick, Ph.D., author of Take a Nap! Change Your Life, and others have found that a short nap that ends before you drop into deep sleep is the most refreshing and makes you most productive afterward.
Exercise There's nothing like putting on your sneakers and heading out for a brisk walk when you're tired. That's right nothing like it. Many studies have confirmed that walking, jogging, or lifting a few weights can counteract fatigue on the spot. Getting rid of it in the long term requires a daily dose of movement.
Sunlight You know that going outside improves your mood; a dose of sun also may ramp up alertness and cognitive agility, a University of Alabama study has confirmed.
Gum Maybe put this one in the "can't hurt, might help" category: Research has shown that the act of chewing stimulates blood flow to the brain and also increases brain activity. In one Japanese study, participants who chewed gum twice a day for two weeks reported less mental fatigue than non-chewers, and were not as anxious or depressed.
We asked our Facebook fans to tell us about new activities they've added to their already crowded calendars. Prepare to be inspired:
Jennifer Smialek "I volunteer for a group that helps homeless people by promoting confidence through running. It's hard to fit the runs in, but the feeling of giving back is wonderful."
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|Meeting 3
Tuesday, March 6, 2012
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'The Economics of a Right to Safe Water'
Speaker: Michael Kremer
Michael Kremer is the Gates Professor of Developing Societies in the Department of Economics and Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution.
Member of Faculty, Harvard Kennedy School Center for International Development Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government.
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Thanksgiving can be a close time with those you love—K-LIFE presents 'Family DVD Nights'—all this week you have the chance to win a copy of the full length feature 'The Grace Card' or 'The Shunning.'
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they died only a couple hundred years ago.
Photograph courtesy Johan Reinhard
Published July 29, 2013
Three Inca mummies found near the lofty summit of Volcán Llullaillaco in Argentina were so well preserved that they put a human face on the ancient ritual of capacocha—which ended with their sacrifice.
Now the bodies of 13-year-old Llullaillaco Maiden and her younger companions Llullaillaco Boy and Lightning Girl have revealed that mind-altering substances played a part in their deaths and during the year-long series of ceremonial processes that prepared them for their final hours.
Under biochemical analysis, the Maiden's hair yielded a record of what she ate and drank during the last two years of her life. This evidence seems to support historical accounts of a few selected children taking part in a year of sacred ceremonies—marked in their hair by changes in food, coca, and alcohol consumption—that would ultimately lead to their sacrifice. (Related: "Lofty Ambitions of the Inca.")
In Inca religious ideology, the authors note, coca and alcohol could induce altered states associated with the sacred. But the substances likely played a more pragmatic role as well, disorienting and sedating the young victims on the high mountainside to make them more accepting of their own grim fates.
Well-Preserved History
The Maiden and her young counterparts, found in 1999, exist in a remarkable state of natural preservation due to frigid conditions just below the mountain's 22,110-foot (6,739-meter) summit.
"In terms of mummies that are known around the world, in my opinion she has to be the best preserved of any of the mummies that I'm aware of," said forensic and archaeological expert Andrew Wilson, of the University of Bradford (U.K.). "She looks almost as if she's just fallen asleep."
It is this incredible level of preservation that made possible the kinds of technical analysis that, paired with the pristine condition of the artifacts and textiles arrayed in the tomb-like structure, allowed experts to re-create the events that took place in this thin air some 500 years ago.
"I suppose that's what makes this all the more chilling," Wilson added. "This isn't a desiccated mummy or a set of bones. This is a person; this is a child. And this data that we've generated in our studies is really pointing to some poignant messages about her final months and years."
(Photos: "Frozen Inca Mummy Goes On Display.")
Before the Final Day
Because hair grows about a centimeter a month and remains unchanged thereafter, the Maiden's long, braided locks contain a time line of markers that record her diet, including consumption of substances like coca and alcohol in the form of chicha, a fermented brew made from maize.
The markers show she appears to have been selected for sacrifice a year before her actual death, Wilson explained. During this period her life changed dramatically, as did her surging consumption of both coca and alcohol, which were then controlled substances not available for everyday use. "We suspect the Maiden was one of the acllas, or chosen women, selected around the time of puberty to live away from her familiar society under the guidance of priestesses," he said, noting that this practice is described in the accounts of Spaniards who chronicled information on such rites given to them by the Inca.
A previous DNA and chemical study, also led by Wilson, examined changes in the Maiden's diet and found marked improvements during the year before her death, including the consumption of elite foods like maize and animal protein, perhaps llama meat. Now it's clear that the Maiden's consumption of coca also rose heavily throughout the year before her death, spiking dramatically 12 months before her death and again 6 months before her death. (Related: "Thousands of Inca Mummies Raised From Their Graves.")
"These data fit with the suggestion that she was perhaps leading an ordinary or even peasant lifestyle up to that point, but a year before her death she's selected, effectively removed from that existence and the lifestyle that was familiar to her, and projected into a different existence," Wilson said. "And now we see a massive change in terms of the use of coca."
The Maiden consistently used coca at a high level during the last year of her life, but her alcohol consumption surged tellingly only in her last weeks.
"We're probably talking about the last six to eight weeks, which show that very altered existence, that she's either compliant in taking this or is being made to ingest such a large quantity of alcohol. Certainly in her final weeks she's again entering a different state, probably one in which these chemicals, the coca and the chicha alcohol, might be used in almost a controlling way in the final buildup to the culmination of this capacocha rite and her sacrifice."
On the day of the Maiden's death the drugs may have made her more docile, putting her in a stupor or perhaps even rendering her unconscious. That theory seems to be supported by her relaxed, seated position inside the tomb-like structure, and the fact that the artifacts around her were undisturbed as was the feathered headdress she wore as she drifted off to death. Chewed coca leaves were found in the mummy's mouth upon her discovery in 1999.
The younger children show lower levels of coca and alcohol use, perhaps due to their lesser status in the ritual itself, or to their differences in age and size. "Perhaps as an older child there was a greater need to bring the Maiden to that point of sedation," Wilson said.
And while other capacocha sites show evidence of violence, like cranial trauma, these children were left to slip off peacefully. "Either they got it right, in terms of perfecting the mechanisms of performing this type of sacrifice, or these children went much more quietly," Wilson explained.
State-Sanctioned Sacrifices
Kelly Knudson, an archaeological chemist at Arizona State University, wasn't involved with the research but said the exciting study shows how archaeological science can help us understand both the intimate details of human lives and larger ancient societies.
"Seeing increases in both the consumption of alcohol and coca is very interesting, both in terms of the capacocha sacrifices and their lives before they died, and also in terms of what it can tell us about Inca coercion and control," Knudson said.
The system of control that brought these children to a remote mountaintop at extreme altitude shows all the hallmarks of state support at the highest level, the study's authors suggest, and may have occurred as part of a military and political expansion of the Cuzco-based empire that took place just prior to the arrival of the Spanish.
"The sort of logistical support needed even today to work at this altitude is extensive," Wilson explained. "And here we're talking about evidence that points to the highest possible, imperial-level support. There are artifacts and clothes that are elite and refined products coming from effectively the four corners of the Inca Empire."
Such artifacts include figures made of spondylus shells, brought from the coast, and feathered headdresses from the Amazon Basin. Well-crafted statues of gold and silver, adorned with finely woven miniature clothing, were also available only to the highest levels of society. "I think the whole assemblage represents their status and also the symbolism that this was undertaken under the highest possible sanction," he added. Wilson and his co-authors suggest that such sacrifices may have been a highly stratified means to help exert social control over large areas of conquered territories.
(Last year a study published in PloS ONE showed that the Maiden was suffering from a lung infection at the time of the sacrifice.)
Evidence Supports Early Spanish Chronicles
Johan Reinhard, a National Geographic Society Explorer-in-Residence, discovered the mummies in 1999 with colleague Constanza Ceruti, of the Catholic University of Salta (Argentina).
Reinhard, a co-author of the new study, said he's particularly interested in how the findings compare to what's been written in the historical chronicles of such ceremonies, penned by early Spanish explorers to the New World. "They describe how these ceremonies took place, but they weren't firsthand accounts; no Spanish ever saw one of these personally," Reinhard said. "They depended on what the Inca had told them about what happened."
(In the mid-16th century, for example, Juan de Betanzos wrote of widespread child sacrifices, up to a thousand individuals, on the testimony of his wife—who had previously been married to none other than the Inca Emperor Atahualpa.)
Now the data appear to match the kinds of events described in the chronicles, Reinhard said. "All of a sudden you have this picture where you can almost see what they are going through. Increased attention is paid to them in terms of better food and coca, which was used in ceremonies and wasn't in very common use. This kind of increased attention paid to these children is exactly what you read in the chronicles."
For example, Reinhard said, it's not surprising to see an increase in coca consumption during the year before the death of a chosen child like the Maiden because of the tales told in the chronicles.
"They talk about pilgrimages going to Cuzco and a series of ceremonies during which these children would be sent from one place to another on long pilgrimages. I think it's also interesting that there is a six-month period associated with these largest spikes in coca use," he added. "It could be six months related to something else, but a hypothesis to throw out there is that this corroborates historical accounts that some of these Virgins of the Sun were taken to solstice ceremonies during the year before they were taken off to their deaths."
Today the mummies reside in the Museo de Arqueología de Alta Montaña (MAAM) in Salta, Argentina. The extent to which their physical remains may support historical and archaeological records is exciting, Wilson added, but it is also chilling that the children remain so recognizably human even in death.
"For me it's almost like the children are able to reach out to us to tell us their own stories," he said. "Hair, especially, is such a personal thing, and here it's able to provide some compelling evidence and tell us a very personal story even after five centuries."
The study was published July 29 in the PNAS Early Edition journal.
The Inca culture and other cultures like it died out eons ago.
So, what was the cause of death? Did I miss that, or was it not mentioned?
Reading all these comments below....we need to step back- the exhibit in Salta is very thorough, you need to see, read listen and experience it. Its fantastic and it was the culture of the people. It was a ritualistic burial but the fact remains that they were so well preserved and that tests could be made through the DNA of the existing hair-these finds are incredible.
Its too bad that Constanza Ceruti who worked with Johan Reinhard has not contributed more of her knowledge to the article. I was in Salta at the museum in March of this year and it is a fantastic exhibit. The three children are rotated on display every three months. They are kept in atmospheric controlled cylinders at -60 C ( approx.) to mimic the temperature they have been in for the last 500 years.
The consumption of coca is not unusual. many people whether the native aborigines ( Incas) and those of us who may visit for short periods of time or longer can be found to use coca. It is a stimulant used very often to combat altitude sickness. When you are at a high altitude whether in Tilcara or higher in the Andes you are definitely in a thinner oxygen environment. The first thing that happens to you is that your heart starts to race, to help you out you chew coca - yes it is a stimulant and addictive but it is commonly used in the Andes. The aborigines today use it daily - in their tea or chew it. Also the article mentioned llamas. Llamas are fairly scarce at such altitudes, but the vicuna is much more common. They live very high in the Andes - these children who were 'sacrificed' to the gods were special, and it was considered a very high honor to be one of the chosen ones. Even today they have the Easter parades that last for a month in the Andes. Where a chosen virgin gets to carry the virgin Mary statue to its destination. These traditions and rituals have been happening for hundreds of years. There were also sacrifices made in the bible. These are all traditions some much older than others.
The exhibit on display at the museum in Salta is phenomenal - a must see. To experience the culture of the area is also a must - a completely different world and very beautiful and very rich- steeped in tradition.
My interest in this goes back many years. My back ground is cultural anthropology and having family who is from the Salta (and I am a Swedish born American). We need to be more understand and more accepting of what traditions are in other cultures and what we may think is brutal is perfectly acceptable by another culture. We need to understand that we should not be so quick to judge. Myself included.
I agree as well with the gentleman who wrote that children are more so affected by the coca high than adults -this is very true. You still get young people using coca leaves today it is part of the culture and perfectly acceptable. And I understand that the three children were specially chosen and on a special diet - in preparation for their non earthly life.
Informative and very interesting piece! I have a quick question tho, in this artlcle, it said that La Doncella was 13 years old but in an older NatGeo news item (http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/10/071003-inca-sacrifice.html), it stated she was 15. Are there new updates leading to as to why the age changed? Thanks in advance!
Religious sacrifices where very prevalent in olden time which is considered a taboo now ,One's disappointment cant fix any thing its good to know how these actions of brutality took place ,That's the beauty in Historical Journalism something new about the old always pops up so you can never blame the Journalist . Natgeo did a very good job in informing us about it and how primitive the thought process of people was towards god and how they believed sacrifices bought good to there life's
You sun shiny people do realize this probably isn't the entirety of their found information... its not a report on every detail of the discovery... Its been (for lack of a better word) dumbed down for the general public. If you're having issues with this article maybe you should pick up the July article of the PNAS Early Edition.
It's Amazing girl . First I think she is in drowsiness .
This article is fine, not sure why everyone is so upset here... if you eat coca leaves you get a mild stimulant, if you eat a bunch it gets a bit more intense. If you are a CHILD it is yet even more intense. You people are focusing on the drug use more then the article is, I think its something that bothers you personally for some reason when really its needed as a fact to support the article; and that is how science works. I read this and got a totally different outcome then those who are upset.. The article claimed they were sacrificed in the first sentence through ritual of capacocha.. this ritual was very common and there are widespread reports of it from various incan sites so its really not that important to get into that since the article is not about that in particular (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_sacrifice_in_pre-Columbian_cultures -- this is not new news at all) . I am not sure why you armchair hobbiests think you know more then certain experts in the field.. I just finished the archeology program at one of the top schools for field work in Arizona about a year ago and work on and off in the field and everything I read seems perfetly fine and correct.
Hanno gets his story about the children being sick is beyond me,
there is SO much guess work in that story that it could only come
from a hobbiest who thinks he knows what actully happened when years
of studies and facts show him wrong and the truth is that child
sacrifices were happining. Do the resarch yourself people, you
will find the same results.
ehh, people like to complain, its the nature of people and maybe even why language was invented so no big surprise that people are complaining about this article..
Why some people are disapppointed with NatGeo is beyond my comprehension. Human sacrifice was a common practice in all pre-Columbian America, this is an undisputed and well documented fact. The sacrifice of children by the Incas, called "capacocha", was usually held at the mountains, an offer to the "Apu", the mountain god. If you travel around some Andean countries, many such burials can be found, even one near the ski resort of Valle Nevado, Chile.
I agree, very disappointing article from NatGeo. FYI Coca leaves are routinely consumed for medicinal purposes by Andean natives. Even today coca tea is served at tourist hotels in Cusco, Peru to help with altitude sickness, it is a medicinal herb and in its natural form does not have the same effects as cocaine which is a processed product. What I see here is the kids were sick and to avoid spreading their infections they were isolated and fed well as part of their medicinal treatment for the year they were ailing. Their mouths full of coca leaves supports the use of medicinal coca which also helps breathing at high altitudes and not for sedation purposes. I see no sacrifice at all in this account. I do see a worrisome twisting of facts on coca leaves and chicha to promote "sacrifice" as a theory of ritual to the Incas. These kids were not able to breathe well at high altitudes much like asthma kids are today, they suffered but I see no sacrificial account.
We will be visiting Inca cities later this year and will check on this information to see if it's true or not. The Aztecs and Mayans sacrificed people and the Aztecs were also known to sacrifice children to Tlaloc, their rain god. On the other hand, today's Washington Post had an article about a court debate over whether to lower the bail on a monster who set fire to his girlfriends 7 year old boy using nail polish to increase the flames. The Taliban do stuff like this to children every day. I'd say the human race hasn't advanced at all over the centuries.
Since she was suffering from a serious lung infection, perhaps she was a high status individual who simply died, was tied in a flexed position (very common when a corpse had to be transported) and deposited at high altitude post-mortem like the approximately 1,000 other Andes/Atacama burials known so far. The alcohol and coca intake (should this technique for determining such a thing on a practically monthly level stand up. . . ) could be related to efforts to cure or ameliorate the effects of an illness. There is zero evidence that any of these high altitude mummies were ritual sacrifices. The one documentary source is not considered reliable for all the obvious reasons, and, even if it were, does not connect the (poorly excavated, over-restored) find with the descriptions within. Many, many high altitude mummies are known into recent historic periods in a number of Latin American countries. Where it has been possible to determine the cause of death, things that killed people all the time, like sepsis and tb, come up a lot. Very disappointed in NatGeo.
I find it odd that the study would focus so much on coca consumption. It's almost another anti-coca ad in the "Drug War" (TM). The use of coca in its natural form with a low ingestion of the alkaloid was then, and is still used now for the working classes/farmers; it is no more harmful than coffee. I suspect that the international coffee industry in South America sees coca as a competitor, and is involved in the lobbying to keep it illegal. As a stimulant in its modern concentrated & manufactured form I don't see how this supposed coca/alcohol combo was up to the task of disorientation of these victims. I do see that if they were being paraded around the empire prior to "sacrifice" that coca would aid in endurance. The fact that there is no archeologist/pharmacologist involved with this study is troubling to me. In all the flora of this extensive region I would speculate that other botany factors would also be involved for means of "control" if that were necessary. As a modern Catholic and a Cherokee Native American in Oklahoma I know that the ancient empires of the South did indeed practice human sacrifice; I DON'T adhere to the school of thought that the conquistadors saved the Southern Nations from their own self-inflicted brutalities as something noble, because I'm aware of equal and WORSE crimes against humanity were committed by the Spanish and Portuguese. God save us from ourselves! Amen.
"In Inca religious ideology, the authors note, coca and alcohol could induce altered states associated with the sacred. But the substances likely played a more pragmatic role as well, disorienting and sedating the young victims on the high mountainside to make them more accepting of their own grim fates."
@Judith Watters: Hypothermia,exposure. It was not mentioned, except for this: "And while other capacocha sites show evidence of violence, like cranial trauma, these children were left to slip off peacefully."
@Syeda InayathReligious sacrifices happen today too in islam but upon animals thats called eid or sacrificial day dont think its of past thing. And for your kind info i am a muslim i know about it.
@Gracie Crisler Exactly! It's just a discussion of a small portion of data they collected. This find is not exactly new!
"Johan Reinhard, a National Geographic Society Explorer-in-Residence, discovered the mummies in 1999 with colleague Constanza Ceruti, of the Catholic University of Salta (Argentina)."
They are still collecting, analyzing, publishing and discussing data from the original find. This is not the entire picture. Just a small discussion on the finding of coca and alcohol and speculation of its use/purpose.
@George Ross Whops! I meant to target Rainbow trail NOT Hanno! Sorry man, read the wrong names there... though I am still confused why Rainbow Trout thinks these kids were being quarantined due to illness while NONE OF THIS has ever been REPORTED EVER... through translation of incan text from the descendents of incans themselves, this is documented no where.. this is what happens when current humans try to figure out what happened in the past using the present for example.. you really have to know your field and put yourself in their shoes and you STILL will never know what is really going on, thats why articles like this exist!
@Maureen Basedow Actually, it's been documented for 5 centuries that ritual sacrifice including that of children was very common in quite a few Native American empires in what's now Latin America. Americans, of course, routinely murder their children en masse in far more gruesome ways, just to be fair about it.
@Johan Hollander Yeah... The concept of euthanasia is not really relevant when the subject is religious murder of three children, is it?
@Joe Ratley You know, I got a completely different reaction reading the same article you did. I didn't read it it as anti-coca at all. Compared to the Aztec Sacrifices which were brutal in comparison, the Inca Sacrifices were gentler (if sacrificing could be used that way) and far less common.
They cared enough for the chosen (or victim) enough to take the time to drug them before the act and I'm sure the author and researches feel the same way.
There was evidence that Juanita was drugged as well.
@Waqar Qureshi My name is Syeda Inas Inayth I am a Muslim too and I was referring to "HUMAN SACRIFICES " and not animals ,I am very well aware of Bakra eid ,(One of Abraham's main trials was to face the command of Allah to kill his only son. Upon hearing this command, he prepared to submit to Allah's will. When he was all prepared to do it, Allah revealed to him that his "sacrifice" had already been fulfilled. He had shown that his love for his Lord superseded all others, that he would lay down his own life or the lives of those dear to him in order to submit to God.) So human sacrifices never took place in Islam
@Hanno Phoenicia @Maureen Basedow Routinely? What do you call "routine?" And it is against the law, you know, generally resulting in life-imprisonment or in the past, execution.
@Wilf Tarquin @Johan Hollander ; Americans and Afghans murder children every day in gruesome ways and don't bother using religion to justify it. So, religion was never the issue.
@Chris Meyering I agree. The fact that coca was mentioned to me doesn't make it pro or anti coca, it was an interesting find in the case that makes it easier to understand the child's ease of passing.
Well, keep in mind that the Aztecs generally weren't killing their own - they usually kidnapped their victims from surrounding tribes.
@George Ross Did not mean that they happen in the hundreds daily, not sure why I could not edit it out but sorry!
@Syeda Inayath @Waqar Qureshi Peoples thoughts TODAY are still VERY primitive when it comes to thinking about gods. I mean from any atheists standpoint (not that I am) its all primitive and very un educated in a sense to believe in current gods just as it was in the past. Sure human sacrifices are not happening today but RADICAL branches of Islam perform suicide bombings DAILY which is sort of a self sacrifice to the gods and there are reports of human sacrifice of people in worn torn Sub-Saharan Africa better known as "Money Rituals" while a bit different are still "sacrifices".
... furthermore certain sects of radical Islam convince children to strap bombs to their chests by convincing them they will not die but doing this for god. This is extremely primitive thinking that happens it the hundreds daily and dictates peoples lives and deaths... so YES primitive and brutal thinking in religion sitll exists today, its not like it was ONLY linked to these "brutal primitive" people!! We have not changed much with all of our knowledge of man and technology, not as much as we should be. We are very similar to these people , do not forget this.
A common mistake is to think these people are "dumb" due to their "primitiveness" but many people today are just as dumb.
Lets please not get into a religious argument as that is not the point of this post so do not take it the wrong way.
@Waqar Qureshi "Our" religion doesn't permit hurting any human being drugging them and sacrificing them is another thing
@Patty Brown Not entirely, the children sacrificed were their own.
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text:
Stockbridge Massachusetts Deaths to 1850 – Blacks
—, —, "Colored child," Feb. 11, 1828, a. 2. C.R.1. —, –, "A Man of color," May -, 1834, a. 40. C.R.1.
—, —, "Colored child," Feb. 11, 1828, a. 2. C.R.1. —, –, "A Man of color," May -, 1834, a. 40. C.R.1.
OLDS (see Oles), Lucy of Otis, and Eli Peck of Lenox, Aug. 27, 1848.* C.R.1. Ozias [dup. Oles] and Cordelia Andrews, int. Oct. 4, 1837. OLES (see Olds), Newbury of Egremont, and Abigail Andrews, int. Jan. 10, 1838. Orrin W. of Sandisfield, and Jerusha A. Carier of Norfolk, Conn., Mar. 1, 1849.* C.R.1. OLMSTEAD (see
FAILLIER, Margeurite of Pittsfield, and Olivier Pothier of Pittsfield, Mar. 30, 1848.* C.R.1. FAIRCHILD, Achsah E. of Alford, Berkshire Co., and William B. Fenn of Alford, Berkshire Co., Apr. 7, 1822.* FARNUM, Aurora of Gt. Barrington, and John Sanford, int. Aug. 30, 1808. FENN, William B. of Alford, Berkshire Co., and Achsah E. Fairchild of
KETCHUM, Polley of Stockbridge, and Levi Boughton, Oct. 5, 1785, in Stockbridge.* KILMER, Abraham and Elizabeth R. Wilkins, int. Feb. 4, 1843. KING, Ebenezer and Sevilla Benedict, int. Dec. 31, 1822. KINNE, Aaron and Harriett Hewins, int. Dec. 8, 1837. KNAPP, Mehitable and Martin Hendrick [int. Hendricks], Apr. 28, 1814.
LAMBERT (see Lumbert). LANE, Abigail and Nathaniel Willson Jr., int. Mar. 27, 1797. Tryphena and Lt. Josiah Arnold, int. June -, 1807. LANG, Margaret of Gt. Barrington, and John Arnold of Gt. Barrington, May 13, 1848.* C.R.1. LARD, Martha [int. of Gt. Barrington] and John Rees, Nov. – [int. Nov. 9], 1794 LEE, Justin of
VAN DEUSEN (see Van Duesen), Lavinia and Aaron B. Barnes., Oct. 1, 1845, at State Line.* C.R.1. Richard of Stockbridge, and Mary Jane Walker of Gt. Barrington, Mar. 15, 1848.* C.R.1. VAN DUESEN (see Van Deusen), Amanda, 21, and Edwin Pixley, 24, tailor [written in pencil], of New Marlboro, Aug. 29, 1849.* [Van Deusen, C.R.1.]
GALLOWAY, Isabel and Jonas Priest, Dec. 16, 1787.* GALUSHA, Nathaniel and Mehitable Hines, May 22, 1788.* GASTON, Martial T. and Miriam Snow, int. Aug. 20, 1837. GILBERT, Anne and Edmond Hull [int. Hall], Sept. 15, 1791. Intention not recorded. GILLET, Anne of Canaan, and Jacob Rees, int. Jan. 2, 1791. Sarah of Canaan, N.Y., and
CADDING (see Codding), Achsah and Peter French, int. June 9, 1838. CALKINS (see Colkins). CALLENDER, Abner of Sheffield, and Mrs. Cornelia Birge of Chatham, N.Y., Mar. 27, 1844, at State Line.* C.R.1. CAPRON, Esther and Noadiah Woodruff, int. Jan. 8, 1791. CARIER, Jerusha A. of Norfolk, Conn., and Orrin W. Oles of Sandisfield, Mar. 1,
DAVIS, Edwin of Stockbridge, and Marietta Binton of Stockbridge, Nov. 30, 1848.* C.R.1. DECKER, Tunis and Susanna Wilmath, int. Oct. 12, 1803. DEMING, John C. and Miranda Newell [int. Newel], Sept. 7, 1814. DEVEREUX, Theodore and Hannah Moffitt, May 27, 1790. DIBBLE, Elisha (Diblle) and Phebe Stone, int. Mar. 26, 1791. DRAKE, Polly [int. of
M'CLARIN, Hanah and Garet Easland, Feb. 20, 1787.* MERRELL (see Merrill), Seth of Sheffield, and Anne Moffitt, int. Nov. 3, 1800. MERRILL (see Merrell), Sarah B. of Pittsfield, and Lewis Thompson, int. Apr. 24, 1823. MESSENGER, Luna of Becket, and Michael Browillette of Springfield, Jan. 21, 1848.* C.R.1. MIGHLES (see Miles), Lucretia [int. Miles] of
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PLYMOUTH: 1971 Barracuda convertible, 383 hp matching numbers engine, original factory fender tag with matching VIN, numbers on core support, cowl and dash tag,... More
1971 Plymouth Barracuda Convertible with slapstick automatic, 318 engine, power top. When I purchased this vehicle in 1986, it was the same car that came out... More
1971 Plymouth Duster The Plymouth Duster is another example of 70s Mopar muscle that helped propel the company to new heights and released some of... More
Stunning 1971 Plymouth Cuda 340 Very unique all original 1 owner car that has spent it's life in the dry Nevada climate since being purchased... More
1971 PLYMOUTH ROAD RUNNER VIN RM23N1G163021 TOR-RED (DODGE CALLS IT HEMI ORANGE) ORANGE & BLACK BUCKET SEATS 383 CID V-8 4V TORQUEFLITE AUTOMATIC UPGRADED... More
1971 Plymouth Hemi Cuda, Blue/White, 4 speed, #'s matching drivetrain with a full Galen report. Real WHITE billboard car. 1 of 59 built 4 speed... More
1971 PLYMOUTH "TWISTER" Big Block 440-Magnum Torque Flight Transmission w/2500 Stall, Line Lock "Grabber Green" Base Coat/Clear Coat, New Black Vinyl Interior, Padded Roll... More
Mopar collectors and fanatics, wake up! Extremely rare examples such as this rarely if ever become available for sale, and when they do, they... More
Vehicle to be offered for Auction sale January 14th - 18th, 2015 at Russo and Steele's 15th Annual Scottsdale Arizona Auction. Please contact us... More
Vehicle to be offered for Auction sale January 14th - 18th, 2015 at Russo and Steele's 15th Annual Scottsdale Arizona Auction. Please contact us... More
1971 PLYMOUTH GTX, 440 CUBIC IN W/370HP, V8 ENGINE, 727 HEAVY DUTY AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION, TRIPLE BLACK EXTERIOR & INTERIOR, 1 OF 2211 AUTOMATICS BUILT... More
1971 Plymouth Satellite DESCRIPTION SATELLITE GTX, 2 DOOR HARDTOP, 440 CI WITH 370 HP, AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION, BLUE EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR, AN ORIGINAL 1971 GTX, THE CORRECT... More


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Add an event Show Calendar We found 2 events. Having trouble? Let us know! filter events
Feb 13 9:00 am
GKCAA - Spring Potpourri Art Exhibit & Sale
Spring Potpourri, A Greater Kansas City Art Association juried member show will feature artworks created in all mediums, genre and styles. Buttonwood Art Space, 3013 Main Street, KCMO, 64108. The show is in the gallery from February 1st to March 29th, 2013 and available Monday - Friday, 8 am - 5...
Feb 13 12:00 pm
Carroll Blood Drive
Donation Types: Double Red Cells, Blood


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Super Sunday
Tonight, the Indianapolis Colts play the New Orleans Saints in what promises to be an exciting, memorable game. The whole sporting world waits in anticipation for the sporting event of the year: The Super Bowl.
Not me.
I may be crazy and deluded, but I'm more excited for the Boston Celtics vs. the Orlando Magic at 2:30 ET. Boston and Orlando will be playing for second-place in the Eastern Conference at the TD Garden, in what has become a budding rivalry. Both teams are aware of the game's import when they face off against each other, and backing down will not be an option.
I'm looking forward to a physically intense game, where each possession becomes a game unto itself and players battle for every inch.
I'm looking forward to a highly motivated Celtics team coming off three straight wins, but knowing those three wins mean nothing without a fourth.
I'm looking forward to- and praying for- a full, healthy Boston Celtics roster for the first time I can remember.
I'm looking forward to a maniacal Garden crowd trying to influence the outcome of the game.
I'm looking forward to Dwight Howard's running hook-shot, Vince Carter bricking long-distance shots, and Howard clanging free-throws.
But most of all, I'm looking forward to- and praying for- a meaningful Celtics win.
After that? Well, then I'll get excited for the Super Bowl.
Pour me another drink, and pass me the blue cheese: this Super Sunday was meant for beer and wings.


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Multi-channel internal communications for the hard to reach
Honda of the UK Manufacturing Ltd (HUM) has 4,000 Associates doing a superb job of making cars for the European market. In its last annual employee survey, internal communication scored extremely low. Historically a serious challenge for HUM, the vast majority of employees have long been hard to reach, working shift patterns in a manufacturing environment. With minimal access to online communications, HUM relied most heavily on team leaders reading out a daily briefing.
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Working as part of a wider cultural change project, we brought together the internal communications across a bundle of channels with a consistent look and feel and a simple copy tone.
We've been advising, creating, designing, producing and/or copywriting all of these ....
Associate Zone (intranet), @HUM newsletter, Associate forums (town hall meetings), cascade information, ambient media, change reps, information hubs and other tactical comms.
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Re: DISCUSSION - EGYPT - state-run media analysts claiming Islamists winning 65 percent of vote?
Released on 2012-10-11 16:00 GMT
|2011-12-01 16:32:18
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the FJP themselves saying thats what they estimated.
Then the 25% came from state run media
Btw remember this is just 1/3 of the country right - so each third may
trend a certain way
On 12/1/11 9:28 AM, Reva Bhalla wrote:
This article is citing Egyptian analysts from state-run media saying
that MB has so far won 40 percent of the vote and Salafists 25 percent
bringing the total Islamist domination to 65 percent.
a) where the hell are they getting these 'indications'?
b) why is this coming from state-run media?
c) has there been any real exit polling?
d) is the regime trying to use scare tactics -' you asked for democracy,
good luck living under shariah' kind of thing?
November 30, 2011
Islamists Claim Egypt's Mandate in Early Voting
By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK
CAIRO - Islamists claimed a decisive victory on Wednesday as early
election results put them on track to win a dominant majority in Egypt's
first Parliament since the ouster of Hosni Mubarak, the most significant
step yet in the religious movement's rise since the start of the Arab
The party formed by the Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt's mainstream Islamist
group, appeared to have taken about 40 percent of the vote, as expected.
But a big surprise was the strong showing of ultraconservative
Islamists, called Salafis, many of whom see most popular entertainment
as sinful and reject women's participation in voting or public life.
Analysts in the state-run news media said early returns indicated that
Salafi groups could take as much as a quarter of the vote, giving the
two groups of Islamists combined control of nearly 65 percent of the
parliamentary seats.
That victory came at the expense of the liberal parties and youth
activists who set off the revolution, affirming their fears that they
would be unable to compete with Islamists who emerged from the Mubarak
years organized and with an established following. Poorly organized and
internally divided, the liberal parties could not compete with Islamists
disciplined by decades as the sole opposition to Mr. Mubarak. "We were
washed out," said Shady el-Ghazaly Harb, one of the most politically
active of the group.
Although this week's voting took place in only a third of Egypt's
provinces, they included some of the nation's most liberal precincts -
like Cairo, Port Said and the Red Sea coast - suggesting that the
Islamist wave is likely to grow stronger as the voting moves into more
conservative rural areas in the coming months. (Alexandria, a
conservative stronghold, also has voted.)
The preliminary results extend the rising influence of Islamists across
a region where they were once outlawed and oppressed by autocrats
aligned with the West. Islamists have formed governments in Tunisia and
Morocco. They are positioned for a major role in post-Qaddafi Libya as
well. But it is the victory in Egypt - the largest and once the most
influential Arab state, an American ally considered a linchpin of
regional stability - that has the potential to upend the established
order across the Middle East.
Islamist leaders, many jailed for years under Mr. Mubarak, were
exultant. "We abide by the rules of democracy, and accept the will of
the people," Essam el-Erian, a leader of the Brotherhood's new party,
wrote in the British newspaper The Guardian. "There will be winners and
losers. But the real - and only - victor is Egypt."
Results will not be final until January, after two more rounds of
voting. And the ultimate scope of the new Parliament's power remains
unclear because Egypt has remained under military rule since Mr. Mubarak
resigned as president in February. But Parliament is expected to play a
role in drafting a new Constitution with the ruling military council,
although the council has given contradictory indications about how much
parliamentary input it will allow.
The emergence of a strong Islamist bloc in Parliament is already
quickening a showdown with the military. Brotherhood leaders announced
Wednesday that they expected the Islamist parliamentary majority to name
a prime minister to replace the civilian government now serving the
military. In response, a senior official of the military-led government
insisted that the ruling generals would retain that prerogative.
The unexpected rise of a strong ultraconservative Islamist faction to
the right of the Brotherhood is likely to shift Egypt's cultural and
political center of gravity to the right as well. Leaders of the
Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party will likely feel obliged to
compete with the ultraconservatives for Islamist voters, and at the same
time will not feel the same need to compromise with liberals to form a
"It means that, if the Brotherhood chooses, Parliament can be an
Islamists affair - a debate between liberal Islamists, moderate
Islamists and conservatives Islamists, and that is it," Michael Wahid
Hanna, an Egyptian-born researcher at the Century Foundation in Cairo,
said this week.
The ultraconservative Salafi parties, meanwhile, will be able to use
their electoral clout to make their own demands for influence on
appointments in the new government. Mr. Hanna added: "I don't mind
saying this is not a great thing. It is not a joyous day on my end."
If the majority proves durable, the longer-term implications are hard to
predict. The Brotherhood has pledged to respect basic individual
freedoms while using the influence of the state to nudge the culture in
a more traditional direction. But the Salafis often talk openly of laws
mandating a shift to Islamic banking, restricting the sale of alcohol,
providing special curriculums for boys and girls in public schools, and
censoring the content of the arts and entertainment.
Their leaders have sometimes proposed that a special council of
religious scholars advise Parliament or the top courts on legislation's
compliance with Islamic law. Egyptian election laws required the Salafi
parties to put at least one woman on their electoral roster for each
district, but they put the women last on their lists to ensure they
would not be elected, and some appear with pictures of flowers in place
of their faces on campaign posters.
Sheik Hazem Shouman, an important Salafi leader, recently rushed into a
public concert on the campus of Mansoura University to try to persuade
the crowd to turn away from the "sinful" performance and go home. He
defended his actions on a television talk show, saying he had felt like
a doctor making an emergency intervention to save a patient dying of
The new majority is likely to increase the difficulty of sustaining the
United States' close military and political partnership with
post-Mubarak Egypt, though the military has said it plans to maintain a
monopoly over many aspects of foreign affairs. Islamist political
leaders miss no opportunity to criticize Washington's policies toward
Iraq, Afghanistan, Israel and the Palestinians. And while Brotherhood
leaders have said they intend to preserve but perhaps renegotiate the
1979 Camp David peace treaty with Israel, the Salafi parties have been
much less reassuring. Some have suggested putting the treaty to a
Speaking on the condition of anonymity, an Israeli official acknowledged
concerns: "Obviously, it is hard to see in this result good news for
Some members of Egypt's Coptic Christian minority - about 10 percent of
the population - joked Wednesday that they would prepare to leave the
country. Previously protected by Mr. Mubarak's patronage, many have
dreaded the Islamists' talk of protecting the Islamic character of
Egypt. Some Brotherhood leaders often repeat that they believe
citizenship is an equal right of all regardless of sect, even chanting
at some campaign rallies that Copts are also "sons of Egypt." But
Salafis more often declare that Christians should not fear Islamic law
because it requires the protection of religious minorities, an
explanation that many Christians feel assigns them second-class status.
Most Copts voted for the liberal Egyptian bloc, which was vying for
second place with the Salafis in some reports. It was an eclectic
alliance against the Islamists, dominated by the Social Democrats, a
left-leaning party with ties to the revolution's leaders, and by the
Free Egyptians, the business-friendly party founded and promoted by
Naguib Sawiris, the Coptic Christian media-and-telecommunications
The results indicated that some of the candidates and slates put forward
by the former ruling party appeared to have won back their seats. It was
unclear how large a bloc they might form, but they could prove
sympathetic to the familiar mantra of stability-above-all that the
ruling military is putting forward.
Mayy el Sheikh contributed reporting from Cairo, and Ethan Bronner from
Michael Wilson
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Table 6
Neighborhood: Capitol Hill
Cuisine: American
609 Corona Street Denver, Co 80218 303.831.8800
With its small wooden tables, chalkboard menu, and refreshingly open kitchen, Table 6 feels more like an intimate European bistro than one of Denver's most talked about hotspots. The dining room and the kitchen sit side-by-side, separated only by a high counter, providing a truly tantalizing experience as the sights, sounds, and homemade aromas pour from Executive Chef Scott Parker's kitchen. The private dining room provides a graceful setting for a unique party or intimate dinner. With glowing reviews from 5280, Wine Spectator, and Esquire Magazine, the comfortable yet creative cuisine of Table 6 is definitely worth your visit.
Sample Menu Items:
- Marcona Almond Tator Tots
- Ahi Noodle Casserole of orecchiette, lobster mushrooms, idiazabal, and fried shallot


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The Castle Dairy Restaurant is a unique experience in
Kendal for anyone who is passionate about fine dining.
Welcome to the Castle Dairy Restaurant & Apprenticeship Academy, a unique fine dining restaurant, in one of Kendal's oldest buildings. Under the eaves, in the alcoves and over the stones of our characterful 16th Century Grade 1 Listed building, we serve exquisite contemporary British food, beautifully presented. We offer everything from light lunches, to sumptuous dinners, to fine dining feasts and we regularly showcase our mouth-watering food in special seasonal events. We look forward to welcoming you.