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Yes, it is a weak pun on "the mind boggles"… And also a reference/homage to the Weebles (weebles wobble but they won't fall down): the mind wobbles, but it won't fall down.
You can also find me on Google+, Twitter, and SlideShare.
Short Version: My name is Allyson Lister and I've worked in the recent past with Newcastle University. I completed my PhD from Newcastle University in early 2012. You can read my PhD thesis on this blog, as I've converted the Latex to a WordPress-friendly format.
Since 2012 I have also been working part time on the Software Ontology as an ontologist with the University of Manchester. Until March 2011, I was also a Research Associate with CISBAN, also at Newcastle University. Before that, I spent 6 1/2 years at the EBI working on UniProt. Prior to the EBI, I received my undergraduate degree in Biology (with a second major in Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations) at Rice University, and received a MSc in Bioinformatics from the University of York.
Long Version:
Having originally left WordPress in 2007 for the short-lived Vox platform, I've now moved my posts and myself back.
Here's some information about the sort of thing I post about here:
- data integration: It is the main focus of my research, and one of the biggest challenges facing bioinformatics and the life sciences in general. So many formats, so little time! Reconciling these using brute force, standardisation, semantics, and sneakiness are what it's all about.
- ontologies: I like ontologies for many reasons, not the least their potential for reconciling the many different ways of defining and naming things in our lives. We need a common ground from which to perform successful integration and analysis, and I think a well-written ontology (or set of them) is a beautiful thing. They are a major tool in my research bag of tricks. Not only that, but I have also helped develop a community-driven ontology for describing life-science experiments (OBI). I have consulted on or helped develop a number of other ontologies in the bioinformatics community such as the Software Ontology.
- workshops: my method of remembering what goes on in workshops and conferences is to take notes, and I can be a pretty fast typist. I enjoy blogging on each lecture at such an event as they happen, and you'll notice a lot of workshop and conference posts on this site. They are mainly written while the speaker is speaking, with a minimum (if any) of later editing. However, if any speaker reads my notes and would like to suggest areas where I made a mistake, I am more than happy to make those sorts of changes. One of my favourite ways of blogging.
- systems biology: that's the field in which my bioinformatics research is applied, which makes it an immediately-applicable tag for this blog. But try to define it and, as with so many things in this world, you could get as many definitions as there are people. (OK, perhaps a slight exaggeration for dramatic effect.) So, I'll not try to define it today, and just say that my posts often deal with work in this field.
- science outreach: My Mom is a teacher, my Dad was a teacher and remains working in Education. If it wasn't so much hard work, I'd consider it as a career myself. :) However, I do enjoy trying to pass on my enjoyment of and interest in the sciences. Some of my posts talk about the work I did doing with the Teacher Scientist Network. More recently, I've become a STEM Ambassador. Outreach is just fantastic, especially when explaining science to kids, and it's something I like to talk about in this site, when the opportunity arises.
- standards: Perhaps it's because I spent years working at the EBI, where they provide databases and services in specific syntaxes. Perhaps it's just the way my personality is. Whatever the reason, I really enjoy working with data standards. I've been involved with a few efforts (including FuGE, OBI, SBML, SBO, and MIGS) to varying degrees. I'm a bit of a standards fiend, and try to remind myself that not everyone finds them as interesting (though everyone should at least find them relevant!).
Please note that this blog, unless otherwise stated, reflects only my opinions. In any case, any errors in these pages are all my own!
The Mind Wobbles Blog by Allyson Lister is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License.
I also contribute to Ontogenesis, and write for biosharing.org and the ISCB blog.
May 4, 2011 at 16:08


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One minute, he's the biggest star on TV. The next, he's a woolly mammoth named Manfred. On March 31, Ray Romano he of Everybody Loves Raymond fame and fortune voices a grumpy extinct animal in Ice Age: The Meltdown. First, let's see how he warms to a block of Stupid Questions.
Talk about the curious decision to make another Ice Age so quickly.
Aren't there supposed to be hundreds of thousands of years between ice ages?
You know, money will speed up any ice age. The first Ice Age made money, so the second Ice Age comes when we say it comes.
Now talk about the decision not to make another Welcome to Mooseport.
My kids fell in love with a dog that I had on Mooseport. So we brought his sibling home and named him Moose. Now for the next 15 years, I have a reminder of the movie that didn't do well for me. It's kind of like Dustin Hoffman having a dog named Ishtar.
Pretend that you'd made a 10th season of Raymond instead of gracefully bowing out. What are some of the bad episodes that you would've regretted?
I always wanted to do a dream sequence. Because as a married man, I'd never cheat on my wife. But as an actor, I get to kiss another woman without any guilt. But I only got to kiss one woman, Patty Heaton, my wife on the show. Unless there's a dream sequence! That's a loophole within the loophole!
Anyone you wanna name-check for the dream sequence?
That wrestler lady that was dancin' with the stars. Throw her in there. Who else? Marion Ross?
You appeared on Lifetime's Intimate Portrait: Doris Roberts. I can't wait for the DVD will you give me the intimate outtakes now?
Oh, just the back rubs, the sponge baths, and the occasional one-nighters to Vegas. But in a motherly way...nothing hypnotherapy can't block out.
At age 29, you were still living in the basement of your parents' home. Is this correct?
Who's got a problem?
I'm not going to make fun of you. I just want to know: Anything good down there?
The water heater's down there. It was hard to impress a date. I would show her around, and say, ''Yeah...that's the hot water heater. Anybody wants to take a shower in this house, they gotta go through me.'' Otherwise...not much.
Did Jamie Foxx accurately capture you in Ray?
He saw the soul inside me. He used to live behind me, by the way. The sounds coming out of his house were much different than the sounds coming out of mine. Every other night, I could hear a DJ from a party he was having. And at my house, there was an ambulance siren and some kid chasing another kid with poop. We were just a fence apart, but miles and miles away.
Now that you're no longer on TV, I think you need a celebrity feud to keep you busy.
Let me think this one over.... Whose ass can I kick? I'm already past the men, I'm on to the women. [Thinking aloud] I'm afraid of her, I'm afraid of her.... How about do you watch Letterman? You know those crazy segments when he has the woman come out with all the Hula Hoops around her? Yeah, I'll take her down.
Why her?
Because I don't really know who she is, and she probably won't read this.


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Isabel Marant
As you know, Isabel's show is coming up this Friday! Just wanted to give you a heads up that I'll
post her entire collection as soon as I can for your viewing pleasure. I'll also try not to flood
your Twitter feeds with all things Marant, but I tend to lose all sense of balance during the time
around her show. What are you hoping to see from her collection?
Illustration via themarantphiles


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The photo shown above is of the horse-driven hearse returning the remains of Sophia and Una Hawthorne to
Sleepy Hollow to be buried with Nathaniel in June, 2006. The Friends were responsible for getting the word out
about the event and the public ceremony to the media worldwide as part of our ongoing campaign to educate
and inform the public on the still living history of Sleepy Hollow. The event was covered by The New York Times,
The Boston Globe,
National Public Radio
, The London Times, the BBC and other news outlets worldwide,
including India and Australia.
Other activities of the Friends include:
Publishing a
of obituaries of well known Concord individuals
Publishing a
of the cemetery
Hosting the annual
of the cemetery
What are some of the needs of the Cemetery?
Monies from perpetual care payments, lot purchases, and appropriations from the Town of Concord provide the
basic maintenance of the Cemetery such as mowing and raking and limited improvement and restoration; these
funds, however, are not sufficient to allow the continuing enhancement of the Cemetery as a final resting place
for the Town's citizens and a contemplative retreat for residents and visitors.
Some of the Cemetery enhancements that interest the Friends include signs, maps, volunteer days, newsletter,
. The Friends encourage and welcome suggestions from the membership for other
improvement and activities.
How is the work of the Friends supported?
The goals of the Friends of Sleepy Hollow are supported by memberships and gifts which are tax deductible.
The Organization receives no Town funds, but is endorsed by the Town Manager.
Please consider joining the
Who are the Friends of Sleepy Hollow?
The Friends are citizens who comprise a
recently established non-profit community
organization with a mission to further enhance
and promote the preservation, beautification,
and appreciation of the public burial grounds
of the Town of Concord. The Friends have
established goals to achieve this mission: to
provide the leadership for volunteer activities;
to seek grants for improvements and
restoration; and to raise funds by enlisting the
creative and supportive resources of the


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Sixteen months after my intial test drive, fourteen months after placing the order, and two months after approving the final build order, it finally arrived.
Over the course of the very long wait, I had the occassional doubts about how it was going to turn out. There are just so many different combinations of colors and options that it was hard to know whether the particular features I chose made sense at all—or whether another combination would work even better. Fortunately, the car turned out even better than I thought it would.
The 30 mile drive back home from the dealership actually was closer to 70 miles as I took the, uhm, slightly less direct route back. All the while the car's navigation system (which I couldn't figure out how to turn off) was yelling at me for missing turn after turn of its carefully planned directions.
Yes, the ride was a bit stiffer than my previous car, and right leg was a bit bruised from constantly being wedged against the center column-
I think I still need to work out a more comfortable seating position-but it was quite a lot of fun crusing down the freeway with the sun roof open on a long overdue sunny day in Seattle.
I'm looking for to an extended drive this weekend and hopefully a longer road trip later this summer.


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The baseline PC-DMIS CMM package is ideal if you don't need to integrate CAD into your inspection process.
Create inspection programs and evaluate measurement results taking full advantage of the CAD model data.
Sophisticated tools for high speed scanning, sheet metal measurement, part alignment,
PC-DMIS CMM is the world's leading Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) Software with over 30,000 seats in place worldwide. Use its powerful capabilities to measure everything from simple prismatic parts to the most complex aerospace and automotive components.
PC-DMIS CMM leads the way in revolutionizing CMM measurement. It was the first CMM software to:
PC-DMIS is standard equipment on all Hexagon Metrology CMMs including those under the brand names Brown and Sharpe, C.E. Johansson, DEA, Hexagon Metrology Asia Pacific, Leitz, Poli, Romer, Romer Cimcore, Sheffield and Tesa.
PC-DMIS is available as a retrofit package for most other CMM manufacturers allowing users of non-Hexagon Metrology CMMs to take advantage of PC-DMIS technology. Hexagon Metrology Services, Hexagon Metrology's aftermarket group, has a number of options for upgrading existing equipment ranging from a software retrofit to a complete machine rebuild.
We know you have varying requirements and believe you should not have to pay for unwanted features. Therefore, PC-DMIS CMM comes in three basic configurations with optional modules available to fine-tune to meet specific needs.
PC-DMIS is also available in an off-line version for virtual programming. In high volume shops where CMM time is a precious commodity, you need to maximize the time machines spend measuring parts. Now, CMM programmers do most of their part programming off-line and CMMs spend most of their time measuring parts.
Hexagon Metrology, Inc.
250 Circuit Drive
North Kingstown, RI 02852
Toll Free: 855.4.HEXMET
( 855.443.9638 )
Tech Support: 800.343.7933
Phone: 401.886.2000
Fax: 401.886.2727
|© 2014 Hexagon Metrology is part of Hexagon
|Privacy & Terms | Site Map
Hexagon Metrology offers a comprehensive range of products and services for all industrial metrology applications in sectors such as automotive, aerospace, energy and medical. By empowering our customers to fully control their manufacturing processes, we enhance the quality of products and increase efficiency in manufacturing plants around the world.


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Discover Ministry Briefing! --> The Best Way To Keep "In The Know"!
Check out this quote from John Piper:
We should never deal with sexual attraction in the abstract. It is always entangled with other facets of our soul, that may, at first glance seem disconnected from our sexual drives.
Here's another excerpt:
We should deepen our analysis of what is really going on in a person's soul before we conclude that a person is fixed in a same-sex orientation. For example, we may find that a man's homosexual exploits are really a manifestation of a deeper spiritual issue of being harsh and controlling.
As I look at it… of course… most of our sins (whatever they are) are 'entangled with other facets of our soul'. Sin is highly complex. That is how someone called to ministry falls from grace in the most unbelievably embarrassing way. It is a dark journey that, as Piper states, is entangled with so many other facets of our soul.
But can you say that, and draw the conclusion that a man's homosexual 'exploits' are really just a manifestation of other things like harshness or the need to control?
I suppose it could be.
Or… they could be gay.
I understand what Piper is saying, and I agree to an extent.
But I wonder if sometimes we try to read in to what sin is really committed (and why).
There is none of us that is righteous. (No not one).
As you deal with homosexuals in your community, church, family, for example,… how do you deal with them?
Do you try to diagnose the base level sin (pride, control, selfishness)?
Piper's main point is that we can not over-generalize when it comes to people with same-sex issues. His examples are 'predatory lesbians' (what in the WORLD is that?) and men experimenting because they're lonely.
What do YOU think?
How would you counsel a 'predatory lesbian'?
How would you counsel a man experimenting? (Would you say he's gay or just trying to not be lonely?)
And how would you counsel overall? Would you look for root issues that are causing the homosexual behavior to flare, or would you start with the fact that they are just 'gay'?
I'd love to hear your thoughts.
I believe there are deep hurts and "root issues".
I have several friends who are homosexuals. I would say that we have a respectful relationship. Most of them have issues with dad, whether they are a male or female. One lesbian friend was severely beaten and abused by her father then her husband. She finally gave up on a male relationship at all. Ultimately, homosexuality is sin. But I think we need to address heart issues for the healing and restoration process to begin, even if there is repentance. It's not just all about the behavior.
Gee, way to throw us an easy question.
If by counsel you mean "how will I try to make them un-gay", I wouldn't. I have learned that I am incredibly incompetent when it comes to making people not sin. If they ask me for help in changing their lifestyle, that is a little different, but best I can tell it is the Holy Spirit's role to convict us of sin… not mine. My role is to love my neighbor, regardless of their particular sin issues, and continue to work out my salvation while being ready to give an answer when people ask me about the source of my hope.
While thinking about this I stumbled upon a a great video of Keller talking on related stuff… I really love how he approaches this stuff:
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8480 Laguna Grove Dr.
Elk Grove, CA 95757
Elk Grove Kia's Sacramento, Roseville and Folsom area used car dealership includes vehicles from many major auto manufacturers. We carry quality used cars, trucks, SUVs and minivans for our California customers. Browse our current selection using our Power Search tools below and view complete specs and pictures or video; then call us, or stop in and see us at 8480 Laguna Grove Dr. in Elk Grove, CA.All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer document preparation charge, and any emission testing charge. Documentation preparation charge is $80.00. All are vehicles subject to prior sale.
Along with our used inventory and new Kia cars, we provide quality auto repair and service. Come on in to our Sacramento area Kia dealership today! We'll get you a great vehicle that you can afford.


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Winter Operations: Dec. 27, 2012
Winter Operations: Dec. 27, 2012
The National Weather Service is forecasting:
- Today: Mostly cloudy. Highs in the lower 30s. Northwest winds 5 to 10 mph.
Operational Status:
Primary roadways have responded well to treatment, though slick spots may still remain.
Overnight, may side streets turned from slushy to icy and hazardous.
We are asking for continued patience as crews continue working on area roadways this morning, with most of the focus having shifted to residential streets.
Continue to be alert when driving.
What Citizens Should Expect:
Road conditions should continue today but refreezing could be likely tonight. Dropping temperatures will result in slicker roads.
If possible, park off the street in residential neighborhoods today. This will enable our crew's efforts to be more effective in your neighborhood.
Please give operators the extra distance they need to perform their jobs safely!


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Bilingual Education Charter Schools Education Policy Education Reform For Profit Education Higher Education Student Movements Youth Youth Violence
The classroom and the boardroom are two very different worlds.
Graduating the Class of 2012 onto our overheated planet.
Forty-six percent of Americans believe that God created human beings within the last 10,000 years or so. Worry.
What began as a student walkout against tuition hikes has become a society-wide uprising against austerity, inequality and the police state.
At UC Davis and other institutions, student-led protests against austerity are met with thuggish riot cops and the criminalization of speech.
The values of the market have come to permeate every aspect of our society.
From the ethnic studies ban to firings over Travyon Martin, a strange hostility toward progressive education is emerging.
Why is the Obama administration pushing testing on our schools?
Trina Garnett accidentally set a fatal fire when she was 14. That was in 1976. Could today's Supreme Court ruling against juvenile life without parole finally bring her home?
The state's top number-cruncher discusses taxes, education and the consequences of drowning government in the bathtub.


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All Saints SurgeryBurton on Trent, DE14 3LSTel: 01283 510768
. Our next half day closure is on Wednesday 5th November when we close at 2.00pm for training purposes. If you require urgent medical assistance which cannot wait until the surgery re-opens please dial 111 and you will be directed to the local service that can help you
Find out when our practice is open, what the GP consulting times are and what to do if you need help when the practice is closed. Find out more
Do you need to re-order your medication? Visit our prescriptions page and complete the online form. Find out more
New to the area and would like to join our practice? We would be happy to help you. Fill in our registration forms and come see us. Find out more
There is full access for disabled patients at the surgery.
*A group of 19 GP practices working together to commission quality healthcare services on behalf of the local patient population. Further information about the CCG can be found http://www.eaststaffsccg.nhs.uk/
If you become ill or injured use this guide to choose the right NHS service. www.southernderbyshireccg.nhs.uk/
Copyright 2006 - 2014 My Surgery Website | Privacy & Usage | Edit | Staff Home | Site Map | Accessibility


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Hello and welcome to my StageAgent page. I was trying to get an mp3 for you all, but it was blocked due to a pop up. I was hoping you would be a great site to go to. Well I will just say this. :) My name is Joshua Allen McCartney that is my biological / b...
(Click on a show's title to learn more)
Wicked – Long before Dorothy flew in, two other girls meet in the Land of Oz. Elphaba, born with green skin, ...
View other fans of Wicked
If they where to ever redo The Wizard of Ozz then that would be the movie and I love The Cowardly Lion, The Scarecrow, and The Tin-Man all are equal dream role's.
none publically displayed.
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Your email has been sent.
New Kibbutz Doc, 'Inventing Our Life,' Opens
And we have a taste
Toby Perl Freilich's documentary Inventing Our Life: The Kibbutz Experiment opens today (to a Times rave). Want a taste? We published three excerpts back in 2010. Here's one, about the kids.
Related: Pioneers Who Helped Fill More Than a Breadbasket [NYT]
Together Again [Tablet Magazine]
The Future of the European Far Right
Adar Primor, of 'Haaretz,' explains why Le Pen et al are not to be trusted


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More in Floors
To determine the pattern (so a single tile will lie at the center of the room) determine the center of your room by finding the center of each wall. Measure the length of each wall and divide the length by two. Mark this midpoint with a pencil.
Measure the width of the tile and divide it by two. That will give you the center of the tile. Place the center of the tile at the wall's center mark. Then mark the wall at each end of the tile. Repeat this process on the three remaining walls and then snap chalk lines from the marks to those on the parallel wall across the room. These four lines will create a cross hair at the center of the room.
Place the first carpet square in center of the cross hair and work tiles out from that center point. If the carpet squares have an adhesive backing, do not remove the cover from the backing yet. In the photograph chalk lines are highlighted with painter's tape to demonstrate the crossing lines used to center the first square.
Use multiple colored squares to create any pattern you like. Pull up and change the pattern at any time. Once the pattern is determined, remove backing from the squares and smooth into place.
The last step is to cut the carpet squares to fit at the wall. Turn the carpet square upside down and set it flush with the wall and mark at both ends where the carpet square overlaps the next to the last rows of full carpet squares. Use a carpenter's square or straight edge and a utility knife to make a straight clean cut on the backside of the carpet square. Install the partial square with the cut edge against the baseboard (molding will cover it if it is not exactly even).
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Chocolate Rush 5K & Half Marathon
- What:
- Start and finish on the trail just East of Prairie Life Fitness. Runs East on trail for an out-and-back run. Turn is close to Roe Park. The Half Marathon starts to West for a 10 mile out and back and then follows the 5K course to complete the race. THERE IS A 3 HOUR TIME LIMIT FOR THE HALF MARATHON. This event is a benefit for The Salvation Army--Olathe Corps to help them buy playground equipment for the new homeless shelter.
- Where:
Prairie Life Fitness Center
Overland Park KS
- Categories:
- Outdoors & Recreation Sports
- When:
- Saturday, February 9 @ 8:45 am
- Links:
Having trouble? Let us know!


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The need for immunization doesn't end with childhood. Each year, thousands of adults in the United States suffer serious health problems from diseases that could be prevented by vaccines, including influenza, whooping cough, certain bacterial infections, hepatitis A and B and shingles.
While many people recognize that a flu vaccine is recommended every year, few adults are aware of the need for other vaccines to help protect their health, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
"Protection from some childhood immunizations wears off over time, leaving you vulnerable to disease," said Susan Buckley, Humboldt County Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) public health director. "For example, we have learned that protection from the whooping cough vaccine given to children doesn't last into adulthood, so all adults are now recommended to get at least one dose of Tdap whooping cough vaccine."
Adults may also be recommended for certain vaccines due to their age, job, hobbies, travel or health condition. For instance, the CDC recommends that adults get the shingles vaccine once they turn 60 years old. People with diabetes, heart disease and asthma, even if well managed, are more likely than those without these conditions to have complications from the flu. To prevent possible complications like pneumonia, the CDC advises people with these chronic conditions to get a pneumonia vaccine in addition to a yearly flu vaccine.
These aren't the only reasons to stay up to date on vaccinations.
"Adult immunization is necessary because it not only protects the person receiving the vaccine, but also helps prevent the spread of certain diseases to loved ones and those in the community who are most vulnerable to disease, like those with weakened immune systems and infants," Buckley said.
The CDC advises people to talk to their health care provider about which vaccines are right for them.
For more information about vaccines, visit cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/index.html or contact the DHHS Public Health Clinic at 268-2108.


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Ennis Rotary Club is selling flags
The Ennis Rotary Club is selling flags to be put in your front yard five different times throughout the year for five different holidays and the best part is, they're going to install them. For $30 the Ennis Rotary Club will provide a flag to help participants show their patriotism at Memorial Day, Flag Day, Independence Day, Labor Day and Veteran's Day. For more information on how to get a flag for your yard, contact Jimmy Boon at 214-906-5462.


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My first baby that is and he did great. He had been crying and saying he didn't want to go for a month now, so we were going to give it a couple weeks and if he adjusted great, if not we'd pull him. It's only 3 hours per day, so not too long and he was so happy when we got there. I on the other hand couldn't hold back the tears once I got to the car. Where did my baby go?
Carter a few days old.
Carter 4.5 years old, first day of preschool.
This is a little off topic but....WOW! His hair color got a LOT lighter! Makes me wonder if my DS will have a similar change.
Glad your boy had a great day at preschool. I used to teach preschool and it will be a GREAT advantage for him before entering kindergarten!


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Participate in This Event or find another event
Friday, March 20, 2015
Lebanon Valley College Arnold Sports Center
101 N College Ave, Annville, PA Map it
Already a participant?
Log in here
28 teams and 218 participants have raised $2,961
Total above may not reflect all participants, teams, and donations
Did you miss the Nationwide Volunteer Launch Party Telecast? View it online here!
American Cancer Society Relay For Life campus events serve as a powerful way for you to raise awareness and funds in the fight against cancer, from helping people facing the disease in your community to ensuring cancer is a thing of the past for future generations. The Relay For Life movement features campus and community events that offer an opportunity to honor the cancer survivors in your life, promote how you can reduce your cancer risk, and raise money to help find a cure. Today, with the support of thousands of student volunteers, the American Cancer Society is helping save more than 400 lives a day. And we won't stop until we end cancer once and for all!
Remember or honor a loved one who has battled cancer with a luminaria tribute bag >>
Cancer survivors and caregivers find a community of hope and support >>
Find out more details about your campus Relay For Life event >>
Contact Katie Anderson:
(717) 273-4740 or 7175336144
Event sponsored by:
Top Participants:
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Tom Cannavan's wine-pages.com
tasting note search
organised tastings
meet the winemakers
wines of the month
value wines
wine of the week
Tasting notes from Austria
text and photographs © 2013 Tom Cannavan
These notes accompany our in-depth feature on the
Wines of Austria
Groszer Wein, Burgenland
UK importer for Groszer Wein will be the newly established newcomerwines.com, who do not yet appear to be trading as of time of writing (November 2013).
White Wines
Groszer Wein, Gemischter Satz 2012, Austria
The name means 'field blend', from old mixed vineyards of Pinot Blanc, Welschriesling, Muskateller, Traminer and other varieties. Very pleasing, fresh nose of apple and a touch of something peachy, with gentle herbal, delicately nettly notes. Lovely palate: silky smooth texture, with a little bit of grip and tannin, very good acidity. Fresh citrus and orchard fruits give energy and a clear lemony, salty, mineral finish. Grown on slate, rich in iron too. Only 1% is matured in small barrels, the rest in steel. 88/100. This and the red wine below sell locally for around 9€ for a one-litre bottle.
Red Wines
Groszer Wein, Blaufränkisch 2011, Austria
Plenty of deep colour, with lovely big meaty, gamy nose, lots of dry, full black fruit of bramble and spice and a touch of earthiness. The palate has plenty of sweet fruit, but also that big sour, raft of acidity, that touch of salty mineral quality, the black fruit intensity is good and the tannins are really quite smooth and grippy. 50% on slate and 50% on loam clay. 1600 litre barrels for one year. Spontaneous fermentation. 88/100.
Groszer Wein, Rote Küvee 2012, Austria
A wine that came about "after a discussion of what to do with all the stuff that was planted in the 80s and 90s - the Cab and Merlot." In fact it is 30% Zweigelt, the rest made up of Syrah, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. The international varieties matured in barrique and 500 litre barrels, the Austrian in 1600 litre casks. Lots of cedary, elegant finesse, with some bloody notes and again the dry bloodiness of the Zweigelt marrying nicely. On the palate good energy and life about this, a liquorice and cedar edge to the black fruit and that nice tart, sour cherry acidity cutting through. Some good spice and a touch of chocolaty sweetness adds more balance. Really delicious stuff. 88-89/100. 12.90€ locally.
Groszer Wein, Blaufränkisch Saybritz 2011, Austria
Only from vineyards that are 30 years old or older. 100% Blaufränkisch, bottled one month ago. Starts in equal portions of barriques and big casks, then into 500 litre barrels with tops removed. Really deep and glossy stuff, the purity of the fruit is so deep and fine, a blue/black intensity, licked with mocha and chocolate, plummy and deep. The palate has that lovely lick of saltiness again, the energy and the edge that is deliciously fresh, but married to the deep fruit and spice, concentrated and layered. Long and finishing on fruit extract and spice, that twist of cherry and plum skin to give a bittersweet quality. 92/100. 29€ locally. Released December 1st.
Groszer Wein, Blaufränkisch Szapary 2011, Austria
Another expression of Blaufränkisch from a vineyard 500 meters away, planted only on slate and from a slightly cooler site. Made only in the big 1600 litre barrels. Very fine mineral and graphite nose, a little more ashy and mineral, lovely pepper and spice, but refined and has less fat than the Saybritz. Very linear and dry on the palate too, driven by the cool core of blue/black fruit, something more steely about it, something that reveals itself more slowly. Terrific steel at the core of this, graphite and long and deliciously refined. 93/100. 29€ locally.
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Many people who are conscientiously opposed to paying taxes for war have assets controlled by someone else, such as an employer, a bank, a credit union, or a retirement fund. Increased IRS reporting requirements and stricter regulations regarding self-employment give rise to a larger role for employers, payers of independent contractors, and financial institutions in tax reporting and collection than in the past. As a result, individuals have less ability to earn an income, transact financial business, or hold assets without coming under IRS scrutiny, and become more dependent on organizational support to help keep their funds from collection.
This is the 6th in a series of Practical War Tax Resistance pamphlets published by the National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee (NWTRCC). Others in the series discuss withholding, filing, collections, self-employment, and living on a reduced income. (See list at the end of this pamphlet.) Here we will discuss the options and consequences for organizations taking a stand on war tax resistance.
This pamphlet is not intended to be a complete resource on the legal issues involved in organizational war tax resistance. It is intended as a resource primarily for individual war tax resisters dealing with organizations.
Before the 1940's, organizations had little to do with individual income taxes. During World War II the income tax rates went up and the employer tax withholding system was established. Because of patriotic support for the war, there was little or no protest of these changes. Even religious and pacifist groups, although working on conscientious objector status to military service, didn't pay much attention to the money draft.
After the Korean War, a few individuals challenged their employers not to withhold taxes from their wages and not to cooperate with IRS levies. However, even among progressive religious and secular groups, very few employers refused cooperation with the income tax laws. Today, most still see conscientious objection to war taxes as an individual, not an organizational, issue. The Friends Committee on War Tax Concerns engaged in the first serious effort to educate and organize around employers and war tax resistance in the mid-to-late 1980's, with some progress. When the Committee was discontinued around 1989, no work on employer issues occurred until the National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee, authors of this pamphlet, picked it up in 1996.
As noted above, few groups see conscientious objection to war taxes as an organizational issue. Action they take is usually in response to the requests of individuals. However, some religious and secular organizations that are pacifist in philosophy have developed specific policies on war tax resistance. Others that work to promote peace and justice may be sympathetic to the idea. Still others may be willing to advocate for an employee or account holder because they think the IRS is acting unfairly or is denying individual rights.
Just as individuals are concerned about the consequences to themselves if they engage in war tax resistance, organizations and institutions often worry that taking a stand on war taxes could adversely affect their business, their corporate mission, or the personal finances of their employees. Unfortunately, because of public relations efforts that portray the IRS as all-powerful, many institutions are intimidated and neglect to take even legally proper steps in support of a conscientious position. More might be willing to take action, either legally sanctioned or not, if they were clearly informed of their options and the real extent and nature of the risks involved.
If an organization or institution has not already developed a position of support for conscientious objection to paying for war, war tax resisters may have difficulty figuring out the best way to approach the subject. Do they tell their employers before taking new jobs that they are war tax resisters? Do they warn a bank that a levy notice may be arriving in the mail?
Individuals' decisions about if, when, or how to approach an organization will be based on many factors, such as their personal financial situation, their relationship to the organization, and the level of awareness of political issues within the organization, among others. Ideas about what actions are most effective also influence this decision; some war tax resisters believe that keeping all their money out of the hands of the IRS is the most important goal, while others may believe public education or purity of the individual's principled stance is more important.
The result is that some individuals choose not to ask organizations or institutions to support their war tax refusal and must figure out how to organize their financial lives to resist payment on their own. Others, in the interest of public education and possibly broadening the movement, may be willing to compromise their ideal war tax resistance plan, at least for a time, in hopes that an organization will eventually take a stand. Even if an organization or institution is not willing to take action in support of conscience, there may still be value in raising the issue and stimulating thought and discussion within the group.
Individual war tax resisters who decide to raise the issue of conscientious objection to war taxes with an organization will probably need to do their own homework by studying this pamphlet, reviewing IRS publications, or contacting a war tax resistance counselor to understand the options and possible consequences. Organizations will likely be more receptive to suggestions if war tax resisters provide documentation, preferably from the IRS or legal sources. IRS publications and other resources are readily available; see the list at the end of this pamphlet for further information. For organizations that are intimidated by the IRS, documentation alone may not be sufficient to persuade them to take action. In such cases, good communication and organizing strategies will be necessary to overcome their fears.
There are many things that organizations or institutions can do, at little or no legal risk to themselves, to support conscientious objection to paying for war.
Organizations can make statements of concern among their own constituents, as well as disseminate information to elected officials and to the general public about how much tax money is going to the military and about their objection to enforced participation in the tax collection process. They may reprint figures in their publications from groups such as the War Resisters League, the National Priorities Project, or the Friends Committee on National Legislation about federal budget expenditures. Their materials can also include information about conscientious objection to paying for war and the stories of individual resisters. If conscientious war tax objectors offer them refused tax money to support their work, they can publicly accept it and use the opportunity for raising awareness about military spending and conscientious objection. They can point out how paying for the military system, militarized national policies, and military activities is destructive to the social, environmental, educational, and religious goals of their organization.
Subject to the lobbying restrictions that apply to some tax-exempt organizations, groups can work to establish conscientious objector status for taxpayers, such as the Religious Freedom Peace Tax Fund Bill, and other forms of legislative relief. They can endorse or lobby for changes in the IRS law to reduce or eliminate third parties' tax collecting responsibilities.
Another option for corporate entities is to research and implement existing legal options for their employees, subcontractors, or account holders that will lawfully circumvent income tax liability, withholding, reporting requirements, and/or levies.
Options for avoiding tax liability include paying workers partially or entirely in the form of nontaxable benefits such as: services provided to employees at no additional cost to the employer, qualified employee discounts, a company car for business use, qualified tuition reductions, medical care reimbursements under an employer's plan, life insurance coverage up to $50,000, meals provided on work premises by the employer, lodging provided by the employer under certain circumstances, qualified transportation fringe benefits, and some employee achievement awards, scholarships and fellowships paid to a degree candidate. In many cases, nontaxable income may also be free of withholding or reporting requirements. (See IRS Publications #15 Employer Tax Guide (Circular E); #525, Taxable and Nontaxable Income; and #535, Business Expenses.)
Organizations may also agree with workers to make corporate contributions to charitable or other causes in lieu of all or part of the worker's salary or wages. If the employer donates directly to the charitable causes, the amount is not taxable income to the employee. The employee's income is the gross pay shown on the payroll account. The employee works a certain number of hours for wage compensation, and then additional hours as a volunteer, trusting that the employer will contribute to charitable causes, even though not legally obligated to do so.
To avoid income tax withholding (although not necessarily Social Security or Medicare withholding), organizations can, among other options, subcontract work to individuals who are self-employed according to the IRS's definition (see box), "lease" employees from a corporation, hire household employees or certain types of workers who are declared to be employees by law ("statutory employees") but not subject to income tax withholding, reimburse workers for business expenses that do not exceed government rates, or make non-cash payments for services that are not in the course of the employer's trade or business. (See IRS Publications #15, Circular E, Employer's Tax Guide, #15-A, Employer's Supplemental Tax Guide, and #535, Business Expenses.) They can allow workers to share jobs or they can agree to pay employees less per hour or for fewer hours of work in order to keep their pay below the taxable limit (see IRS Publication #501, Exemptions, Standard Deduction, and Filing Information).
Financial institutions that wish to avoid IRS reporting requirements can agree to set up interest-free accounts for depositors or pay less than $10 per year in interest. Organizations can contract services from incorporated individuals or businesses, or keep payments or awards to unincorporated individuals below $600 in any given tax year, to avoid the requirement to file form 1099 in most cases. Employers can elect to report fringe benefits at the end of the year only, rather than quarterly. (See IRS Publications #15, Circular E, Employer's Tax Guide, #15-A, Employer's Supplemental Tax Guide, and #535, Business Expenses).
Employers can legally avoid levies by allowing workers, either on an on-going basis or in response to a notice of levy, to reduce their rate of pay or hours of work so their wages are below the level that is exempt from levy (see IRS Publication #1494, Table for Figuring Amount Exempt From Levy on Wages, Salary, and Other Income, adjusted annually). Employers may deduct certain amounts from the gross pay of workers, such as insurance payments, regular pre-existing payments to charity, and automatic payments to savings plans before calculating the amount to be levied, although a direct deposit of the whole net pay cannot be deducted. Those who use the services of independent contractors can pay their invoices immediately upon receipt to reduce the amount of time they actually owe money to the worker. (See below regarding levies on compensation paid to independent contractors.) Although levies do apply to payments made to workers in advance of their performing the work, any advance payments that are made before the notice of levy is received would avoid the seizure, or garnishment, of wages.
Payments in cash are subject to the same requirements and exceptions as other forms of payment, but can be helpful to individuals who do not use bank or credit union accounts.
IRS levies on "wages and salaries" remain in effect until the total tax liability is paid (Internal Revenue Code §6331). This is referred to as a continuing levy. All other levies are one-time levies and extend only to "property possessed and obligations which exist at the time of the levy" (Treasury Regulation §301.6331-1(a)(1)). For example, a levy on a bank account only covers the money in the account at the time the levy is received by the bank. Once that amount is paid, even if it doesn't cover the complete tax liability, the IRS must issue a new levy to take any future money which may be deposited in the account.
In the past, the term "wages or salaries" has been interpreted to mean only the compensation paid to employees, not the compensation paid to independent contractors. Therefore, levies on compensation paid to independent contractors have been one-time levies, not continuing levies. Also, since an employer has a continuing obligation to pay an employee for every hour of labor performed, but someone who uses the services of an independent contractor is only liable to pay the person at the completion of a job and upon receipt of an invoice, there is a much narrower window of time during which a payer actually owes money to an independent contractor. This has made it harder for the IRS to collect money from people who use the services of self-employed persons for resisted taxes.
However, NWTRCC's legal sources report that in recent years, despite the fact that the laws and regulations have not changed in regards to either levies or the definition of salaries and wages, the IRS has relied on its own Internal Manual to pressure groups who owe compensation to independent contractors to treat levies as continuing rather than one-time. It is unclear whether the IRS regulations give them the authority to do this, but they have resorted to threats and intimidation which have thus far been effective in getting such groups to back down. There is a reasonable chance that payers of independent contractors could win in court on this issue if they were willing to fight back. However, none have yet been willing to spend the necessary time and money to engage in a court case.
At the very least, war tax resisters should ask those who pay them to read levy notices very carefully, interpret them narrowly, and follow them strictly. The notices typically ask if the war tax resister is an employee, to which the payer of an independent contractor may validly answer no. They also ask if any money is owed to the person at the time the notice is received. The independent contractor's customer should consider only answering yes if they have an unpaid invoice in hand at that time.
To determine whether a worker is an employee or an independent contractor, the IRS examines evidence of control and independence in the relationship between the worker and the business. The IRS relies on a case-by-case, multi-factor approach, rather than mechanical rules. One or more of the following factors that ordinarily indicate an employment relationship may exist in a true contracting relationship in a particular case, and vice versa. Specific factors include:
(Source: Publication 15-A, Employer's Supplemental Tax Guide, January 2007, pp. 6-7)
Organizations that feel intimidated may end up doing more than the law strictly demands in an effort to appease the IRS. At the very least, war tax resisters can ask the organizations they are involved with not to over cooperate.
No organization or institution need provide any assets or information to the IRS beyond what is required of them by law. They can scrutinize any communication from the IRS carefully, checking with the individual involved, NWTRCC, or legal consultants, to be sure the IRS has followed the proper procedures, is basing its action on correct information, and has the proper authority to take that action. They need answer only those questions required on the IRS forms, without offering additional information. The IRS has no authority to insist on additional information unless it issues a summons. If the organization, or one of its officers or employees, has any question regarding an IRS communication, they may ask for clarification or even ask the IRS to withdraw its request or demand. Organizations may also notify the war tax resister if they have advance information about impending IRS action, to allow the individual time to deliberate on a course of action.
Employers determine the amount to be withheld from their employees' wages on the basis of the number of "allowances" the employee claims on the withholding certificate, Form W-4. For tax purposes, W-4 "allowances" are not identical with the number of "dependents" to be listed on the 1040 tax return. Individuals may claim extra W-4 allowances for anticipated deductions and credits. War tax resisters sometimes claim extra allowances in order to have money to refuse to pay at the end of the year.
When accepting withholding certificates ("W-4 forms") from employees, the organization is not required to question the number of allowances or a claim of exemption from withholding except in particular circumstances, such as the employee has altered or added on to any of the printed language on the W-4 or has verbally communicated that s/he is claiming allowances or exemptions not permitted by IRS rules.
After an employer has submitted tax information to the IRS at the end of each year on W-2 forms, the IRS has the possibility of matching that information with the amount withheld. If the IRS suspects that an employee has excess allowances, they may require the employer to send them a copy of the W-4 form and order a change in allowances for future withholding to the IRS. (For more information see NWTRCC's "Practical War Tax Resistance #1, Controlling Federal Tax Withholding," or IRS Publication #15, Circular E, Employer's Tax Guide.)
Based on IRS figures about non-compliance with income tax laws, it appears that many organizations and institutions are engaged in violations of IRS requirements, for a variety of reasons. As far as we can tell, the IRS is not paying any more attention to groups who are non-cooperating due to war tax concerns than to groups who are not complying for other reasons — and sometimes less.
There are advantages and disadvantages to being quiet about noncooperation. For example, employers who pay wages under the table or groups who don't report payments to independent contractors, may, by not publicly announcing their actions, never get "caught" or may go years without attention from the IRS. Still, they would be wise to think through their position and strategy in case they come under IRS scrutiny. If that happens, they will probably be more vulnerable than those who are open about their refusal, such as by adopting policies of not withholding or not honoring levies, because it is hard to develop community support and public sympathy for secret actions. They also could be subject to larger amounts of penalties and interest because of fraud charges, which are unlikely for open resisters, and perhaps a greater likelihood of criminal prosecution for tax evasion.
Some groups hold open public witness as a corporate value and practice it for its own sake. As with individual resisters, the IRS must balance the advantages and disadvantages of going after a non-cooperating employer, contractor, or financial institution in terms of IRS resources, the amount of money involved, and the public relations effects. No organizations of which the WTR movement is aware have been charged with criminal penalties for corporate resistance, and few have ever been assessed civil penalties. Only in rare instances has the IRS attempted to go after a "responsible person" for penalties (see section on "responsible persons" below). Some organizations or institutions do suffer financial consequences, and accept it as part of the stand they take. Others arrange for individual war tax resisters to reimburse the organization for all or part of any penalties so as to reduce or eliminate the financial burden.
Organizations and institutions also think of the consequences of their actions among their constituents and the general public. The public relations effects of taking a stand on corporate conscience can obviously go either way; it can adversely affect a group's effectiveness in the community or enhance it.
Those organizations and institutions which have expressed concern about their participation in the process of collecting taxes for war have primarily been tax exempt religious and educational groups, or other non-profit groups. Therefore they have not been liable for corporate taxes. The war tax resistance movement is not aware of any group without tax exempt status that has refused to pay corporate taxes because of conscientious objection to war. This remains an unexplored avenue for organizational resistance.
Beginning during the Vietnam War a common method of low-level war tax resistance was to resist the federal excise tax on long distance and local telephone service. Many organizations participated in this form of resistance as a way of expressing their conscience. In 2006 the IRS was forced to drop the tax on long distance service, but it is still applied to local-only telephone bills. The telephone excise tax had an historic association with war spending and still provides revenue to federal funds that help to pay for war. (For information on telephone tax resistance, see http://www.hanguponwar.org.) Tax exempt nonprofits should remember to apply that status to their local telephone billing and have the tax removed, but thousands of individuals still refuse this tax as a protest to war.
As with individuals, telephone companies do not have the right to disconnect an organization's phone service for nonpayment of the excise tax. Although required to collect the tax, phone companies are not required to enforce collection of the tax. If the phone subscriber does not pay, the phone company is simply required to report nonpayment to the IRS. The most typical consequence of telephone tax resistance is the periodic hassle of reminding the phone company that it is supposed to credit the bill for the amount of the tax rather than adding it onto the next month's bill as an unpaid balance. This often occurs because of communication problems between the phone company and the resister. For instance, telephone companies often require any statement of refusal to be sent to an address that is different from the billing address.
Sometimes telephone companies threaten to cut off service, and a few have done it occasionally. Organizations do not appear to face any more or less difficulty with telephone tax resistance than individual resisters. (For regulations on the telephone tax, see 26 CFR 49.4291-1, a provision in the excise tax regulations, effective 11/12/1996, which states that the collection agency, i.e., telephone company, cannot enforce collection of the tax).
One form of non-compliance with reporting requirements engaged in by some employers is to pay workers "under the table," which essentially means not reporting payments or benefits to the IRS. If such payments were discovered and documented by the IRS, the employer would owe not only the income taxes which should have been withheld, as would the employee, but both the employer's and employee's share of Social Security taxes. In addition, the potential penalty for intentional disregard of filing requirements for "information returns," such as form W-4 or 1099, is 10% of the aggregate amount of the items that were required to be reported (Internal Revenue Code §6721(e)). This means if an organization paid a worker a total of $2,500 in a year, the potential penalty would be 10% of that amount, or $250. We are not aware of any groups in the WTR movement who have been charged with this penalty.
Some organizations refuse to comply with withholding, filing, or turning over employment taxes. In such a case, the taxes not turned over can be assessed and collected by the IRS directly from the employing organization. A civil penalty of 10-15% of the amount not paid over may also be imposed. If the IRS is unable to collect the unpaid tax from the employer, it can use the "Trust Fund Recovery Penalty" which allows it to collect the tax owed from any "responsible person" who fails "willfully" to pay the tax. (See section on "responsible persons") In addition to exposing an employer to civil penalties, willful failure to collect or turn over withholding is also a felony, subject to a 5-year maximum sentence and a possible fine of $250,000 for an individual or $500,000 for an organization (see Internal Revenue Code §6656). Actual sentences are typically far less. Based on the administrative policies of the past 25 years, it is unlikely, but certainly not impossible, that any legitimate organization or its officers would face criminal prosecution.
Employers or other entities which refuse to withhold from the assets of a war tax resister on religious grounds actually have a chance of justifying their actions in court thanks to a 1973 case involving the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) and the IRS. A federal district court ruled that the AFSC and its employees had the First Amendment right not to be required to participate in the withholding system, since the IRS has other methods of satisfying its objectives, such as levies. The decision was overturned by the Supreme Court, but solely on procedural grounds. This position is possibly strengthened by the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), passed by Congress in 1993. (See section on RFRA)
One way some employers refuse to comply with withholding is to treat workers as independent contractors even if they don't fit the IRS definition (see independent contractor box). If the IRS follows up and decides the organization had no reasonable basis for their classification, they can reclassify the workers as employees and apply the failure to withhold penalties described above.
Employers who wish to resist withholding sometimes accept W-4 forms that claim extra allowances or exemption from withholding, even if they know the individual is avoiding withholding because of conscientious objection to war. (See box above for information on the legal requirements of employers in regards to accepting W-4 forms.) If the IRS decides that a W-4 form is invalid, it can order the employer to withhold from an individual's pay at the highest possible rate. Employers who do this may be subject to the penalty for failure to withhold, file, and turn over employment taxes. Additionally, an organization can be held criminally liable for conspiracy and for aiding and abetting submission of false or fraudulent W-4's. Tax protest groups who argue that IRS collections are unconstitutional have received such criminal penalties, but, to our knowledge, not groups involved in tax resistance because of objection to militarism and war.
Some employers establish in-kind or benefit arrangements that make it easier for individuals to keep money away from the IRS, even if the arrangements are questionable under the law, and then wait to see if the IRS notices or follows up. If the IRS catches on and disallows the arrangements, the penalties for failure to withhold, file and pay may apply.
Some organizations take the required amount of taxes from the pay of workers, but refuse to turn some or all of the money withheld over to the IRS. They then redirect the withheld money to life-affirming causes, or place it in a separate account in preparation for a possible IRS seizure of the refused amount or for the day that the government accommodates the conscience of taxpayers by allowing them to pay for life-affirming activities rather than the military. In these situations, as above, the IRS could find that the organization is responsible for failure to withhold, file, and pay over employment taxes and hold it and/or a "responsible person" liable. More often, however, the under-remitted employment taxes are later seized from the employer's account, with only a lateness penalty added.
Some payers of reportable interest or dividends who receives a notice from the IRS to begin backup withholding refuse to withhold, or withhold and refuse to turn over the tax, with the same possible penalties as above.
Some employers, payers of independent contractors, and financial institutions refuse to turn over money in response to a levy on the pay or assets of a conscientious objector. The IRS Code does not allow for criminal enforcement of levies. In civil proceedings the IRS can, and does sometimes, sue to collect the amount levied, plus "costs and interest" and occasionally a further penalty equal to 50% of the money required to be turned over (see Internal Revenue Code §6332). The Internal Revenue Code does not clarify what such "costs and interest" might be, and such suits are too rare for WTRs to have accumulated much experience with them. The amount could be collected from either the organization or a "responsible person." (See section on "responsible persons" below.) Some organizations which resist levies take the amount demanded in the levy out of a worker's pay and set it aside in a separate account, to have in case the IRS sued to collect from them; others refuse to take any money from the worker at all.
In the process of trying to collect unpaid taxes, the IRS has no authority to insist that organizations or institutions give them information about a person's financial situation unless it uses its "summons" power. If it does issue a summons, an institution can comply with it and get the IRS to pay for the cost of gathering and delivering the information, as allowed by IRS regulations (IRC §7610). If the institution refuses to honor a summons, the IRS would have to go to the Justice Department for permission to bring a summons enforcement action, which is a civil case, in federal district court. If a party is ordered by the court to respond to a summons and still refuses, they may be subject to civil contempt charges, such as fines or jail, until they comply (see Internal Revenue Code §7602).
One common defense to a summons enforcement action against an individual resister is to claim the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination. While this has been successful for some individual war tax resisters, the Supreme Court has ruled that "impersonal entities" such as corporations and partnerships do not have a constitutional right against self-incrimination.
As mentioned in the section on Resisting Withholding above, if the IRS is unable to collect the unpaid tax from organizational accounts it can impose, on any "responsible person" who "willfully" failed to pay over the tax, a "Trust Fund Recovery Penalty" equal to the taxes not paid. This was formerly known as the "100% penalty." In such a case, the tax liability is actually shifted to the "responsible person" and may be collected from their personal assets. If so collected, the IRS deems the tax to have been paid and will no longer attempt to collect it from the war tax resisting individual. The IRS may also attempt to convince the Justice Department to seek criminal penalties on "responsible persons" for willful failure to collect and turn over withholding.
A "responsible person" is an organizational officer or employee who is under a duty to withhold and pay over taxes. Typically, all executive officers are designated, although in any particular case the Revenue Officer assigned to investigate may decide who is "responsible." After July 1996, unpaid volunteer board members of exempt organizations who are not involved in day-to-day financial activities and do not know about the penalized failure are exempt from the penalty unless the exemption results in no one being liable for it. It is possible that the IRS would find it difficult to determine "responsible persons" in organizations that place all responsibility for making decisions with respect to withholding tax or complying with levies in a collective group rather than in an individual. Thus far, to our knowledge, the few successful IRS collection actions against conscientious organizations have been on corporate accounts, not the personal accounts of "responsible persons."
To date, the war tax resistance movement is unaware of any nonprofit organization that has lost 501(c)(3) tax exempt status due to its position or action relating to conscientious resistance to war taxes. There is also no indication that the IRS has ever even considered a campaign to challenge tax exempt status on such a basis. However, it is possible the IRS could argue that support for war tax resistance violates the definition of "charitable" in the legal sense.
Due to varying decisions in court cases in recent years, it's not clear how the IRS or a court would rule on the question of "charitable" status if faced with an organization that supported war tax resistance but did not directly and immediately advocate it. It is clear that a group whose primary purpose was to advocate civil disobedience of any sort would have trouble qualifying for tax exempt status. However, there is some precedent that tax exempt status would not be revoked if illegal activities were merely incidental to the purposes of the organization (U.S. v. Omaha Live Stock Traders Exchange, 366 F.2d 749, 751 (8th Cir. 1966).
In addition to concerns about tax exempt status, some organizations whose work is seen as opposing the government fear that taking a position on military taxation could open them to attack by the government in the form of IRS harassment about other financial business. The IRS has, in fact, been used as a tool in the past to target some opposition groups. There is no guarantee that this wouldn't happen again. Large, well-established religious or financial institutions are less likely to suffer such repression. Smaller, more radical groups might be at greater risk.
A Supreme Court ruling in 1990, Employment Division v. Smith, followed by the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) passed by Congress in 1993, have significant ramifications for organizational conscience in regards to war taxes.
Prior to the Smith decision, the "compelling interest" test was used as a guide in court cases where an individual's conscience conflicted with governmental requirements. This meant that in order to justify a burden on the free exercise of religion and conscience, government had to show a "compelling" state interest, such as public health or safety, and had to use the "least restrictive means" to achieve their goals.
In the Smith decision the Supreme Court ruled that, as long as a law in question was not specifically aimed at limiting the free exercise of religion, was generally applicable, and was neutral among different religions, the government did not have to accommodate the practices of religious people.
In response, a coalition of religious and secular organizations legislatively re-established the compelling interest test by introducing and passing, with an overwhelming majority in Congress, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993. In 1997 the Supreme Court heard a test case on RFRA, City of Boerne v. Flores, and ruled that RFRA was unconstitutional in disputes between individuals and states. However, the Justice Department has taken the position RFRA is still applicable in cases involving the federal government and individuals. In 1998, the Tax Court rejected war tax resister Priscilla Adams' claims under RFRA that the government had not used the "least restrictive means" to collect her taxes, therefore she should not have to pay them, nor should she be penalized for refusing to do so. In 1999 the Federal Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ruled against her in Priscilla Adams v. the IRS. Other military tax conscientious objectors continue to prepare RFRA cases in Tax Court and in U.S. District Court.
Changes in the economic and political climate of the United States, plus changes in tax laws and IRS practice, have led more conscientious objectors to ask the institutions that employ them and handle their assets to examine their institutional positions concerning reporting and collecting taxes for the military. Conscientious and courageous leaders in a number of organizations have paved the way for an organizational stand on the issue. They have challenged the accepted and unspoken idea that paying for war and its preparations, as organizations and employers, is an acceptable way of doing business. It remains to be seen whether larger numbers of organizations and institutions will take a stand supporting war tax resistance. Their decisions may have a profound effect on the ability of individual war tax resisters to make a living while successfully keeping their taxes from the war machine.
All available for free. Call 1-800-829-3676 or use the IRS web site: www.irs.gov (most forms and publications can be instantly downloaded using Adobe Acrobat Reader).
Available from NTWRCC:
NWTRCC can also provide more information about organizational war tax resistance; referral to lawyers knowledgeable about war tax resistance; addresses and phone numbers for the organizations listed below.
Available from War Resisters League
339 Lafayette Street, New York, NY 10012,
Phone: 212/228-0450, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com,
Web: www.warresisters.org
Available from the National Campaign for a Peace Tax Fund
2121 Decatur Place, NW, Washington, DC 20008-1923,
Phone: 202/483-3751; 888/732-2382 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com,
Web: www.peacetaxfund.org
This brochure was produced by the National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee. NWTRCC is a coalition of local, regional, and national groups supportive of war tax resistance. Additional copies are available for $1.00 each.
Published 10/2004
Updated 1/2008


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Bolts Notebook: 11-6
The Chargers look to pick up their second straight win and their first against an NFC foe as they…
|Game Primer: Bucs vs. Chargers
RB Ryan Mathews (Gregory Bull/AP)
Will the Chargers continue the tradition of Norv-ember? Or will it be another case of one step forward, two steps back? The answer comes on Sunday as the Chargers hit the road to take on the potent Buccaneers. SDBoltReport.com's Brian Ducoffe analyzes what to expect in each phase of the game.
When The Chargers Run
If San Diego is to remain undefeated in Tampa Bay (5-0 all time), it will take a big game from Ryan Mathews. Mathews has averaged 78.7 yards per game with zero TDs in the last three contests. The Buccaneers defense leads the league against the run, only allowing 77.3 yards per game. Mathews is averaging 5.6 yards per carry against the NFC this season, a whole 1.5 yards more than against the AFC.
Mathews needs 46 yards to pass Mike Garrett and move into the Chargers' top-10 in career rushing yards. If he can run for 61 yards, he can move into ninth in front of Gary Anderson.
Ronnie Brown has found his role in the Chargers' backfield. Brown ranks second among running backs with 32 catches. He also sits in second on the team in receiving yards with 292, averaging 9.1 yards per catch.
When The Chargers Pass
All eyes will be on Philip Rivers, who will be out to prove he doesn't need Vincent Jackson to be an elite QB. Rivers recently became the sixth player in NFL history to complete over 90 percent of his passes in a game with a minimum of 20 attempts. In his only meeting against Tampa Bay, he put up a career-high four touchdowns with a QBR of 136.7.
Robert Meachem and Eddie Royal are both listed as probable. However, with the production of street free agents Danario Alexander and Seji Ajirotutu, the Chargers may limit Meachem and Royal, who have failed to meet expectations.
Malcom Floyd played under the shadow of Vincent Jackson for most of his career. Floyd needs to have a stand-out performance to prove why he deserves to be the new No. 1. Floyd is on pace for his first 1,000-yard season.
Ronde Barber officially switched from cornerback to safety this offseason. Barber has three interceptions thus far, which equals his total from the past two years. The Buccaneers rank third in the league with 13 interceptions.
When The Buccaneers Run
Rookie Doug Martin has exploded onto the scene the past couple of weeks. Last week, he became the first player in NFL history with three touchdown runs of 40-plus yards in a game (70, 67 and 45). Martin averaged 10 yards per carry on 25 carries in that game.
Coach John Pagano has his defensive unit prepared and emphasizing gap control. The Chargers enter Week 10 with the fourth-best defense against the rush, only allowing 84.0 yards per game. The Chargers also have forced the third most rushing fumbles (seven).
Standout sophomore Corey Liuget is listed as questionable with a hamstring injury.
When The Buccaneers Pass
Josh Freeman is starting to realize his potential. Freeman looks to have his fifth consecutive game with a QBR of 100 or more. Tampa Bay is 10-3 when Freeman's QBR is over 100.
The key matchup to watch will be Quentin Jammer vs. Vincent Jackson.
No. 2 receiver Mike Williams plans to keep Antoine Cason just as busy. Williams has either topped the 100-yard mark or scored a touchdown in six of eight games. The Chargers cannot win by shutting down Jackson alone.
According to Pro-Football-Reference.com, The Chargers have a sack percentage of 7.1, which is No. 22 in the NFL. San Diego will need to push back the Tampa Bay O-line to pressure Freeman into sloppy throws. San Diego forced four turnovers last week and had two defensive touchdowns. The Chargers gladly welcome back NT Antonio Garay, who was activated for the first time this season last week.
Just For Kicks
Eddie Royal has been sorely missed on special teams. Eric Weddle, who has filled in on punt returns, has fumbled in each of the last two games.
Tampa Bay's return man, Roscoe Parrish, spent the preseason with the Chargers. Parrish lost the return job to Royal before being cut. The Buccaneers' signed him at the start of the season; so far, he has 119 yards on 15 returns.
Which receiver will stand out on Sunday? Discuss inside the message boards.
Brian Ducoffe is in his second year of covering San Diego sports. He has been previously published in University Link Magazine and wrote as an NBA columnist for Gacksports.com. Follow Brian on twitter @brianducoffe.
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WTF is up people. I'm new. Whoop-de-doo, right? Yeah, well, here I am anyway. I want to meet new friends. This means you. Talk to me. Add me. Bitch at me. Whatever. I'm an attention whore so whatever's fine by me. My head is blurry from setting up journals all day, so I'm not very clever at the moment. Deal with it! :P As you can see, I'm not what you'd call typical either. Deal with that too. :)
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Amenorrhea. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
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Heavy menstrual bleeding. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
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Menstruation and the menstrual cycle fact sheet. Womens Health.gov website. Available at:
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Sumy overview
Sumy is a city and administrative center of Sumy region standing on the Psyol River in northeastern Ukraine. It is a highway and railway junction of the region. There is an airport in the city.
The population - 271,000 (2012).
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ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. -- Murchison Drilling Schools (MDS), which opened its Houston Training Center (HTC) in March 2012, is expanding the facility in 2014. Following a growth period, MDS has made several personnel changes, including the promotion of Bill Murchison, Jr., to the role of president and CEO of the company.
Willie Lyon, PE, V.P. and manager of the HTC, has been added to the board of directors for MDS, and will continue to be one of the lead instructors at the facility.
Tim Arnold, PE, has been promoted from manager of training at the Albuquerque Training Center to the V.P. of the Albuquerque Training Center (ATC). Arnold has also been added to the board of directors at MDS, and will continue to serve as a lead instructor at MDS.
Roger Comstock, CPA, has been promoted from manager of finance to V.P. of finance, and has also been added to the company's board of directors.
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TiVo says iPad app due by end of January
In what could only loosely be called a formal announcement, The Mac Observer is reporting that TiVo took to the Twitter airwaves today to let us know that the TiVo-branded iPad app should be out before the end of January 2011. Back in November 2010 was the first time we had heard about an upcoming T...
TiVo announces iPad app to control TiVo box
If you're like most iPad users, then you probably surf the web and check out IMDB with your iPad while watching anything that might be showing on the television. TiVo knows this, embraces this, and wishes to support this. They want to make the experience between your television and your iPad even cl...
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001. What color are your walls? Green with finger paints
002. What color is your bedspread/sheets? Green sheets and Green and white blankets
003. What color is your rug? No rug
004. Any posters/bulletin boards/designs in your room? i have an Every Time I Die poster,Thursday poster, and Story of The Year poster. i also have magizine cut outs and such of bands.
005. Do you have a TV? Is it big? yea, i have two. Good sizes.
006. Do you have a phone? cell phone and home phone
007. Do you have your own computer? yep
008. Do you have a desk? yep
009. What are your most treasured belongings in your room? Jessica's stuff that she gave me :)
10. What are your favorite things to do in your room? alone????? jerk off, bitch!
11. Do you have any fancy lights in your room? a yellow one..
// Getting ready //
001. What is the first thing you do when you wake up? the very first thing i do is jerk off.
002. Anything unusual? no
003. Do you pick out your clothes the night before school? not anymore
004. Do you try you best to look cute at school? fuck that.
// School //
001. What color is your backpack? black.
002. Do you try your best when it comes to school work? nope.
003. Do you listen or doodle? listen
004. We all know you doodle, but what do you doodle? bitch, i don't doodle!
005. Do you eat your cafeteria food, or go out? i don't eat.
006. What do you do right when school's over? bum a ride home..
// Home //
When you come home are you...
001. Miserable? no
002. Happy? uhhuh
003. Tired? not really.
004. LEAVE ME ALONE? yep
// Other //
001. Do you take walks around your neighborhood sometimes? nope
002. What are some hobbies of yours? playing video games
003. Do you collect anything? not really.
004. What do you do in your spare time? Write in my livejournal..and shit...
005. Are you in love, or at least falling? <3jessica<3
// Night time //
001. What do you do before you go to bed? tell jessica goodnight, my love.
002. Do you kiss your parents/gardians goodnight, or just say "goodnight"? she's not home when i say goodnight...
003. What position do you sleep in? my back
004. Do you like your life? 86% of it
Last cigarette? a few months back.
Last car ride? Riding home with Jessica.
Last kiss? E>Last night<3
Last good cry? Last week
Last library book checked out? A Walk To remember
Last movie seen: in theatres? The Day After Tommorow
Last book read? A Walk To Remember
Last cuss word uttered? Fucking
Last beverage drank? Tea.
Last food consumed? Apple Omelet
Last phone call? To Jessica <3
Last TV show watched? Fuck T.V
Last time showered? Yesterday
Last shoes worn? My Ettnies.
Last CD played? Story Of The Year
Last item bought? Stake and Shake Milkshake and stakeburger
Last downloaded? A Favor House Atlantic -Coheed and Cambria
Last annoyance? Kelly
Last disappointment? Not being able to stay at Jessi's
Last soda drank? Sprite
Last thing written? A song called "You know me too well"
Last key used? Car key.
Last word spoken? Hello?
Last sleep? at 5:30
Last IM? To Crystal
Last ice cream eaten? Vanilla with Hot Fudge and resses. I made it.
Last time amused? right now. Amused by Crystal's silliness.
Last time wanting to die? Last week :)
Last time in love? Right now
Last time hugged? Last night
Last time dancing? yesterday
1. Name- Nathan
2. Birthday- April 21, 1986
3. Age- 18
4. How old do you look? 20
5. How old do you act? 15-24
6. What's the last song you sang? I tried singing until the day I die underwater last night, it didn't work to well
7. What did you do yesterday? Went to McDonalds and then went to Jessica's.
8. Today? Took a nap. Talked to Jessi
9. What are your plans for the weekend? Too much to write..
10. Do you kiss with your eyes open or closed? both
11. Sexiest thing about the opposite sex? Their Eyes.
12. Do you sing in the shower? yea
13. When was the last time you cried? i answer this.
15. Are you in love with someone who doesn't kow it? Ha.
16. Have you ever said "I love you" to someone and meant it? Most of the time.
17. Does anything on your body itch right now? my leg.
18. What color is the carpet in your bed room? brown
19. Have you ever had a member of the opposite sex in your bed room? Yes, plenty of times.
20. Who is the sexiest man alive? Nathan Spencer, he's so hot.
21. If your house was on fire and you could only save one item what would you save? I saved my brother and sister's christmas presents.
22. Who is your best friend? Jessica Bryant
23. Who is the next person you'll buy a birthday gift for? My mom
24. What's your favorite number? 187
25. Have you ever gotten detention? Yea.
26. Where is your favorite place to go on vacation? Camp Rudolph
27. What's your favorite animal? Montana
28. Do you like playing truth or dare? I fucking despise that game.
29. How many times a week do you bathe? maybe 5.
31. Do you have a boy/girl friend? G/F.
32. A crush? Jessi and Ginni Goodwin
33. Who is the person who knows the most about you? myself
34. What's your deepest darkest secret? I like boys :)
36. Saddest movie? Big Fish
37. Scariest movie? Glitter
38. Last movie you saw at a theater? The Day After Tomorrow.
39. When's the last time you rode a bike? Last Summer
40. Who is the last person who asked for your digits? Alissa
41. What's it like outside? Humid
42. What is the first thing you do in the morning? You already asked.
43. What do you wear to work? my boxers
44. Can you touch your toes without bending your knees? no
that above is my title of my new acoustic C.D. It's a home realese so the audio is crappy, but still, i put effort into it. Here's the tracks and order they're in:
1) Intermission Theatre (intro)
2) We Saw Heartbreak On the Shores of Normady
3) you left me bruised and overrated
4) The Penny Wishing Well Is Broken
5) Proms and Full Moon Dance Halls
6) Breaking Up Is SO FUN
7) The Future Actors Are Tired of Drama Class
8) Five Buisness Days and Three Kisses Before the End of the World
9) Save Your Hostages (A Car Crash Sacrifice)
10) Thankfull for Butterflies
Anyways, im going to go in a studio when i get some money and re-record these and actually release these songs and play shows. Until then, They're available if people want them.
I love Jessica Leigh Bryant with every sigle bone in my body, and i pledge a solitary love for her to only her forever and always. I am sooooooooo in love with her, that it makes me want to make copies of her so she would never leave my side. I can't believe I even have her.
okay, i had to get that out....
Against the pastle walls, i think about you. You must be tired...all that running. My mind is a racetrack, keep going, your almost there! Aside from silence, i held you under the water. Baptised and hesitent. I get nostolgic about my childhood. Back to basics, here i am with a flashlight in my hand, coming up from crawling to walking. Finally, i hit the switch. Im glad you notice me there. (God damnit, if you don't leave me alone fly, i'll swat you away and throw you in your own food source.) Beth Ann, can you hear me? Your a reckless driver, and you can't see straight. You missed the yellow lines in the middle of the road. You are the mirror of a Europe enthusist and i applaude her for making a scene.
Cut! and we're done
Believing you is hardly a novice task. To say you know your way around town with out a map is an awful lie. But you, my fallen star, you hit the ground too fast to blink. I guess its only a temporary thought before the words come tumbling out of your mouth. If we would have kissed in September, I would have known what you tasted like tonight. But then again, you were in love with me, correct? My dear, I don't believe a sigle sentence or a fragment of that sentence, or even the period the sentence for that matter. I can't really say much because i felt the same way then as you do now.
You taste foreign...
You told me to come to you like a dream sequence to the gifted. I lifted my hands from the railing to take yours across the mirky waters in downtown. I looked up and found myself floating in the firestorm. It reminded me of Wendy in Peter Pan , only more masculine. I could go back, but i would never get a chance to fly with straps like them holding me down, making incesions in my heart. Throwing down my lugguge, i knew it was just exess baggage handing around my wrist. You look down at me to see if I'm still there, and I smile. Tonight, we are finally on the same road. No more forks, obsticles, or indiffrences. From now one, we fly together.
...Im glad we can safely say, "everthing turned out better this way."


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|Langseax and Shield
|Damage: Moderate
|Damage Type: Cutting
|Speed: Medium/Fast
|Primary Attack: A somewhat powerful slashing attack with the langseax. (4 methods of attack)
Block: Holding Block holds the shield up to block. While the shield is being held up, using primary attack will bash with the shield. Release secondary to lower the shield.
|Damage: Moderate
|Damage Type: Piercing
|Speed: Fast
|Primary Attack: The player stabs the spear at the enemy. This has a long reach and can do a decent amount of damage. The Spear only attacks in a thrusting motion.
Block: Enables a block maneuver.
Special: The player charges for a short time with the spear sticking out, mowing enemies down.
|Javelins (2)
|Damage: Heavy
|Damage Type: Piercing
|Speed: Fast
|Primary Attack: Readies the javelin to be thrown. Pressing primary fire again will throw the javelin. More damage is done and more distance is reached when running forward while throwing. One cannot strafe will having a javelin readied.
Block: Cancels the readied javelin.