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Litaker et al v. CSX Transportation, Inc.
Filing 20
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER denying 14 Motion for Summary Judgment; granting 15 Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Judge Marvin J. Garbis on 10/11/11. (apl, Deputy Clerk)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND BRUCE W. LITAKER, et al. * Plaintiffs * vs. * CSX TRANSPORTATION, INC. Defendant * * * CIVIL ACTION NO. MJG-11-169 * * * * * * * * MEMORANDUM AND ORDER RE: SUMMARY JUDGMENT The Court has before it Plaintiffs' Motion for Summary Judgment [Document 14], Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment [Document 15], and the materials submitted relating thereto. The Court finds that a hearing is not necessary. I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND Plaintiff Bruce Litaker ("Litaker") has been employed since 1998 by Defendant CSX Transportation ("CSXT"), the operator of the largest railroad system in the Eastern United States. Plaintiff United Transportation Union (the "Union") is the designated representative under the Railway Labor Act, 45 U.S.C. § 151 et seq., for train service employees and yardmasters employed by CSX. Litaker was employed as a conductor or locomotive engineer when, on October 11, 2004, CSXT awarded him the position of substitute yardmaster. After receiving yardmaster training, Litaker began working as a substitute yardmaster as needed in both Brunswick and Hagerstown, Maryland. When Litaker was not needed as a substitute yardmaster, he continued to work as a conductor or locomotive engineer. Three collective bargaining agreements between the Union and CSXT apply to the instant dispute. The first governs the rates of pay, rules, and working conditions of CSXT "trainmen" employees in the relevant region, the "Trainman Agreement."1 Trainmen are those employees involved in the operation of trains, such as conductors and locomotive engineers. Yardmasters, on the other hand, supervise train crews when they are working in rail yards or terminals, and their pay, rules, and working conditions are governed by separate agreements. The yardmaster agreements relevant to this dispute are the Yardmaster System Agreement and CSXT Labor Agreement 11-042-052 (collectively, the "Yardmaster Agreements"). When Litaker works as a conductor or locomotive engineer, he is covered by the Trainman Agreement, and when he works as a substitute 1 The full title of this agreement is "Agreement between CSXT Transportation, Inc. (former B&O Railroad Company) and United Transportation Union." (Def.'s Mem. Supp. Summ. J. Ex. A.3.) 2 CSXT Labor Agreement 11-042-05 modified some terms of the Yardmaster System Agreement. 2 yardmaster, he is covered by the Yardmaster Agreements. When Litaker began working as a substitute yardmaster in late 2004, Brunswick, Maryland was assigned as his "home terminal." At that time, the local CSXT managers allowed trainmen based in Brunswick, when working as substitute yardmasters in Hagerstown, to receive payment for both travel time and mileage according to the Yardmaster Agreements.3 Litaker thus filed claims for travel time and mileage when he worked in Hagerstown, and these claims were paid. Litaker would put the travel time on his yardmaster time ticket and claim the mileage reimbursement by filing a "Code 90" request for reimbursement, which was paid automatically through the trainmen payroll system. In mid-2010, the CSXT Labor Department "became aware that 3 The provisions of the Yardmaster Agreements at issue state: It is understood and agreed to the following: (1) Yardmasters required to report to a location/terminal other than their regularly assigned work location/terminal under Article 2(d) of the 2002 System Agreement for purposes such as, but not limited to: training, meetings, seminars, rules class, seminars, witness for an investigation, or other "company business" shall be paid travel/deadhead time in addition to the standard mileage rate. CSXT Labor Agreement 11-042-05. Article 2(d) of the 2002 System Agreement provides that "[y]ardmasters regularly assigned will have a designated time and place to go on duty and will be relieved at the starting point." 3 employees working as substitute yardmasters at Hagerstown were being paid duplicative payments for both travel time and mileage reimbursement." (Scott Decl. ¶ 7.) It reviewed the Yardmaster Agreements and determined that only regularly assigned yardmasters, and not substitute yardmasters, are entitled to reimbursement for mileage and travel time. Therefore, prior travel payments to trainmen working as substitute yardmasters, such as Litaker, had been made in error.4 CSXT did not consult with the Union representatives about this contract interpretation. In October 2010, Litaker was informed twice by his Trainmaster superiors that he was not entitled to travel time or mileage from Brunswick to Hagerstown, and that he should not claim either. Litaker consulted with the senior yardmaster Union representative, Yardmaster General Chairman Richard DeGenova, and continued to believe that he was entitled to travel pay under the Yardmaster Agreements. He therefore continued to file the Code 90 mileage claims, which continued to be paid automatically through the trainmen payroll system. On November 24, 2010, Litaker received a "notice of 4 Because of the error, the CSXT managers decided that they would not attempt to recover any of the travel pay that had already been approved. But, they decided that, from that time forward, there would be no travel pay allowed for substitute yardmasters traveling from Brunswick to Hagerstown. 4 investigation" stating that he was being investigated for his continued submission of claims for travel pay after having been told not to do so by his superiors.5 As of that date, Litaker was suspended from service. On December 7, CSXT conducted the investigation. The CSXT management witnesses testified that Litaker was insubordinate when he failed to comply with the orders of his superiors. Litaker's Union representative6 contended that Litaker had a right to continue to submit mileage claims because such claims, if not submitted within 60 days, would be lost, and that CSXT should have denied the Code 90 payroll claims rather than paying 5 Litaker filed 22 additional Code 90 mileage reimbursement requests after being told that he could no longer do so. As a result, a total of $1,276 was automatically disbursed to him through the payroll system. 6 Litaker was represented at the investigative hearing by Yardmaster Local Chairman Ray Weszka, the representative of his choice. CSXT contends that the violation arose out of Litaker's work as a trainman (and not as a yardmaster) because he made the Code 90 reimbursement requests after being told not to do so through the trainmen payroll system, and thus all procedures in handling Litaker's discipline are governed by the Trainman Agreement. According to CSXT Labor Relations Director Shannon Farling Scott, "he was working as a trainman when he was insubordinate and dishonest." (Scott Decl. Ex. 7.) The Union contends that the alleged violation arose purely out of Litaker's work as a yardmaster, because the dispute has to do with his work as a substitute yardmaster and the contract at issue in the dispute over whether Litaker is entitled to travel pay is CSXT Labor Agreement 11-042-05 (one of the Yardmaster Agreements). Moreover, the Union argues that it was not properly notified of the investigation. 5 them automatically. If it had done so, the Union argued, the dispute would have gone through the conference and arbitration processes. Litaker testified and stated that Yardmaster General Chairman Richard DeGenova had told him that he was entitled to the travel time and mileage payments. On January 5, 2011, the CSXT division manager concluded the investigation by finding that Litaker violated CSXT rules by continuing to file travel pay claims after his superiors had told him not to.7 Litaker was suspended from service for a total of 60 days, and was reinstated on January 23, 2011. II. PROCEDURAL POSTURE A. Proceedings in this Court The Plaintiffs filed the instant lawsuit against CSXT on January 20, 2011, seeking preliminary and permanent injunctive relief requiring CSXT to return Litaker to service with pay and benefits for time lost and with all record of discipline expunged. Plaintiffs' Motion for Preliminary Injunction [Document 3], filed on January 21, 2011, was denied as moot 7 The investigation concluded that Litaker had violated CSX Transportation Operating Rules General Regulation 2 ("All employees must behave in a civil and courteous manner . . . . Employees must not . . . [b]e disloyal, dishonest, insubordinate . . .") and General Regulation 45 ("Yardmasters report to and receive instruction from trainmasters. They must also comply with the instructions of other company officers."). 6 [Document 12] because Litaker's suspension from service ended two days after the motion was filed. The Parties have filed cross motions for summary judgment. Neither side contends that there is a genuine issue of material fact. Thus, the parties disagree about the application of The Railway Labor Act ("RLA"), 45 U.S.C. § 151 et seq., and the interpretation of the collective bargaining agreements but agree that one side or the other would be entitled to summary judgment.8 B. Internal Grievance Proceedings Subsequent to Litaker's discipline, the Union Yardmaster General Chairman filed internal grievances on Litaker's behalf under the procedures set forth in the collective bargaining agreements. Internal grievances have been filed appealing Litaker's discipline, as well as the decision to disallow claims for travel payment. On June 13, 2011, the Union Yardmaster General Chairman filed an appeal of Litaker's discipline action claiming that CSXT violated Articles 21(a) and (b) of the Yardmaster System 8 A motion for summary judgment shall be granted if the pleadings and supporting documents "show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(2). 7 Agreement by denying Litaker due process.9 This appeal was denied by CSXT on February 8, 2011 as procedurally defective because the appeal was submitted pursuant to the Yardmaster Agreements and not the Trainman Agreement.10 CSXT also addressed the merits of Litaker's appeal, and concluded that it failed on the merits as well. The Union also began filing claims under Article 20 of the Yardmasters System Agreement11 for mileage reimbursement each 9 Articles 21(a) and (b) govern the procedures for disciplining yardmasters. In relevant part: (a) Yardmasters shall not be disciplined, disqualified subsequent to their being qualified, or dismissed without a fair and impartial hearing before a proper officer. Such Yardmaster shall be apprised in writing of the precise charge against him, with copy to the General Chairman, and hearing will be held within fifteen (15) days following the supervisor's first knowledge of the incident. He shall have reasonable opportunity to secure the presence of necessary witnesses and shall have the right to be represented by the duly accredited representative. . . . (b) A decision shall be rendered within thirty (30) days after completion of the investigation, with copy to the General Chairman and charged Yardmaster. (Scott Decl. Ex. 1.) 10 CSXT's position is that the appeal of Litaker's discipline should have been submitted pursuant to the protocol described in Rules 17 and 32 of the Trainman Agreement. 11 Article 20 is entitled "Claims or Grievances" and it 8 describes the procedure for filing grievances under the Yardmaster Agreements. In relevant part: (a) All claims or grievances must be presented in writing or electronically on the agreed form, if available, by or on behalf of the Yardmaster involved, to the Carrier Officer authorized to receive same, within sixty (60) calendar days from the date of the occurrence on which the claim or grievance is based. . . . (b) The Yardmaster or the duly authorized representative who files the claim must furnish information on the agreed form, if available, to identify the basis of the claim: (1) Date, claimant's name and employee number. (2) Seniority date. (3) Date of violation. (4) Tour of duty involved. (5) Rules involved, if known. (6) Amount claimed. (7) Details of work performed or opportunity denied. (8) Reasons supporting claim. (c) Should any claim or grievance be disallowed, the Carrier shall, within sixty (60) calendar days from the date it was filed, notify . . . the Yardmaster or his representative of the reasons for such a disallowance. . . . (d) If the disallowed claim or grievance is to be appealed, such appeal must be made . . . to the Highest Designated Officer of the Carrier within seventy-five (75) calendar days from date of denial. The Carrier shall, within seventy-five (75) calendar days from the date appeal was receipted notify . . . the Yardmaster or his representative of the reason for the decision. . . . (e) . . . [I]n cases of appeal from the decision of the Highest Designated Officer . . . [a]ll claims or grievances . . . shall be barred unless within twelve (12) months from the date of said officer's decision [sic] proceeding are instituted by the employee or his duly authorized representative before the appropriate division of the National Railroad Adjustment Board or a system, group or 9 time Litaker works as a substitute yardmaster. Between January 13, 2011 and June 20, 2011, the Union Chairman filed 44 claims on Litaker's behalf. CSXT has handled the claims internally pursuant to Article 20 of the Yardmaster System Agreement.12 III. LEGAL FRAMEWORK Under the Railway Labor Act ("RLA"), 45 U.S.C. § 151 et seq., which governs collective bargaining in the railroad industry, employer-union controversies are generally divided into two categories: major disputes and minor disputes. v. Ry. Labor Execs.' Ass'n, 491 U.S. 299, 302 (1989). Conrail In Conrail, the Supreme Court established that when an employer governed by the RLA asserts a contractual right to take a regional board of adjustment that has been agreed to by the parties . . . (f) . . . [N]o monetary claim shall be allowed retroactively for more than sixty (60) calendar days prior to the filing thereof. (Scott Decl. Ex. 1.) 12 Ten claims were denied at the first and second levels of internal review, thus these 10 claims are ripe for the Union to seek to conference the claims and list them for arbitration. Another 10 claims have been denied by CSXT at the first level of review but have not yet been appealed by the Union or Litaker to the second level of internal review. The remaining 24 claims were denied at the first level of internal review but were not timely appealed to the second level of internal review, therefore these 24 claims have expired per the time limits in Article 20. 10 contested action, the ensuing controversy is a minor dispute if the action is "arguably justified" by the terms of the parties' collective bargaining agreement.13 Id. at 307. Minor disputes are governed by 45 U.S.C. §§ 152 Sixth and 153 First (i). These sections establish conference and compulsory arbitration procedures for disputes arising out of grievances or out of the interpretation or application of agreements concerning rates of pay, rules, or working conditions. § 152 Sixth. When a minor dispute arises, it is subject to compulsory and binding arbitration, and the jurisdiction of the National Railroad Adjustment Board is exclusive.14 § 153. Thus, minor contract interpretation disputes must first be handled in conferences between the carrier and union "in the usual manner," § 153, First (i), according to any agreement as to conferences in effect between 13 In contrast, major disputes originate from "the formation of collective agreements, efforts to secure them. They arise where there is no such agreement or where it is sought to change the terms of one, and therefore the issue is not whether an existing agreement controls the controversy." Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Ry. Co. v. Burley, 325 U.S. 711, 723 (1945). Major disputes require the "traditional voluntary processes of negotiation, mediation, voluntary arbitration, and conciliation." Id. at 725. 14 Or other arbitration board agreed to by the parties. 153, First (i); Conrail, 491 U.S. at 303. 11 § the parties,15 § 152, Sixth. As a consequence, United States District Courts lack subject matter jurisdiction over minor disputes under the RLA, United Transp. Union v. S.C. Pub. Ry. Comm'n, 130 F.3d 627, 63132 (4th Cir. 1997), except to enforce the Adjustment Board's award, Dement v. Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac R.R. Co., 845 F.2d 451, 463 (4th Cir. 1988). IV. DISCUSSION A. Contentions Plaintiffs contend that CSXT violated its duties under the RLA when it disciplined Litaker for continuing to file travel mileage claims.16 In their motion for summary judgment, Plaintiffs state that "CSXT has short circuited the minor dispute resolution process required by the RLA by disciplining an employee who filed disputed [travel pay] claims, in violation of its duty under the RLA to resolve minor disputes in conference or arbitration." (Pls.' Mem. Supp. Summ. J. 9.) 15 CSXT and the Union have established minor dispute resolution and discipline procedures in Articles 20 and 21 of the Yardmaster System Agreement, and in Rules 17 and 32 of the Trainman Agreement. 16 Plaintiffs, in their Verified Complaint [Document 1], allege that CSXT violated 45 U.S.C. §§ 152, First, Second, Sixth, and 45 U.S.C. §§ 153 First (i). 12 Thus, under Plaintiffs' theory, "Litaker was disciplined for using the 'minor dispute' resolution procedure that is at the core of the RLA," which, they contend, "is a statutory violation by CSXT that can only [be] remedied by injunctive relief." (Pls.' Mem. Resp. Def.'s Mot. Summ. J. 1.) Plaintiffs contend that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that Plaintiffs are entitled to judgment as a matter of law. CSXT argues that it did not discipline Litaker for pursuing the dispute resolution procedures prescribed by the RLA for resolving minor disputes, rather, it disciplined Litaker for insubordination pursuant to the collective bargaining agreements after he disobeyed the direct instructions of his supervisors when he continued to seek mileage reimbursement through the payroll system. According to CSXT, Litaker should have disputed CSXT's determination that he was not entitled to travel pay by following the protocol in the Yardmaster System Agreement Article 20 and filing a time claim or grievance with the designated official, rather than by continuing to file travel pay claims through the payroll system. CSXT contends that Plaintiffs mistakenly conflate Litaker's right to file grievances or claims under Article 20 with his asserted right to file Code 90 payroll claims for reimbursement. By failing to follow the grievance protocol in Article 20, 13 CSXT argues that Litaker failed to follow the "well-settled arbitral doctrine of 'obey now, grieve later.'" Supp. Summ. J. 12-14.) (Def.'s Mem. CSXT urges the Court to find that the entire dispute is a "minor dispute" under the Railway Labor Act, and that therefore, this Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction to hear the dispute. Finally, CSXT argues that Plaintiff Litaker lacks standing to enforce his claims under 45 U.S.C. §§ 152, First, Second, and Sixth because those provisions do not provide for a private right of action. In the instant case there are two underlying disputes: first, CSXT determined that Litaker is not entitled to travel pay, and second, Litaker was disciplined for continuing to file payroll claims for travel pay after being told not to do so. These disputes will be discussed in turn. B. Travel Pay Entitlement The parties agree that the dispute, insofar as it relates to CSXT's determination that Litaker is not entitled to travel pay, is a minor dispute because it arises out of and is arguably justified by the terms of the collective bargaining agreement. See Conrail, 491 U.S. at 307. The provisions of the Yardmaster Agreements at issue state: It is understood and agreed to the following: 14 (1) Yardmasters required to report to a location/terminal other than their regularly assigned work location/terminal under Article 2(d) of the 2002 System Agreement for purposes such as, but not limited to: training, meetings, seminars, rules class, seminars, witness for an investigation, or other "company business" shall be paid travel/deadhead time in addition to the standard mileage rate. CSXT Labor Agreement 11-042-05. Article 2(d) of the 2002 System Agreement provides that "[y]ardmasters regularly assigned will have a designated time and place to go on duty and will be relieved at the starting point." In October 2010, CSXT asserted a contractual right under these provisions when it determined that only regularly assigned yardmasters, and not substitute yardmasters, are entitled to reimbursement for mileage and travel time. With respect to Litaker, CSXT's position is that "[Litaker] is an unassigned yardmaster, which by definition is an individual who has acquired Yardmaster seniority . . . but is not regularly assigned to a position. By definition, unassigned yardmasters have no regularly assigned reporting location as yardmaster." (Scott Decl. Ex. 10 (citing Yardmaster System Agreement Art. 1).) In Plaintiffs' view, CSXT Labor Agreement 11-042-05 "plainly entitles Litaker to the mileage claimed when employed as a substitute yardmaster." Plaintiffs, however, agree that 15 CSXT's position is "arguable," and that therefore, this dispute can be resolved "only in arbitration." (Pls.' Mem. Resp. Def.'s Mot. Summ. J. 3.) This Court agrees with the Parties that CSXT's determination that substitute yardmasters are not entitled to travel pay under the Yardmaster Agreements is arguably justified by the terms of those agreements. Therefore, Litaker's claims for travel pay constitute a minor dispute that is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the National Railroad Adjustment Board. Thus, thus the Court lacks jurisdiction over the matter. C. Discipline The question before the Court is whether CSXT violated the RLA when it disciplined Litaker for continuing to submit travel pay claims. The relevant procedures for employee discipline are set forth in Article 21 of the Yardmaster System Agreement and Rule 17 of the Trainman Agreement. Generally, disputes over employee discipline are considered minor disputes under the RLA because they arise from the discipline procedures in the collective bargaining agreement. See Andrews v. Louisville & Nashville R.R. Co., 406 U.S. 320, 325 (1972) (holding that Congress intended the RLA dispute resolution mechanism to be mandatory for a wrongful discharge 16 claim based squarely on an alleged breach of the collective bargaining agreement); Conrail, 491 U.S. at 307; Bhd. Of Locomotive Eng'rs Div. 269 v. Long Island R.R. Co., 85 F.3d 35, 38 (2d Cir. 1996) (holding that dispute over whether employer had an implied right under the collective bargaining agreement to impose disciplinary fines was a minor dispute and subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the National Railroad Adjustment Board). Plaintiffs argue that Litaker was impermissibly disciplined for using the minor dispute resolution procedure, and implicit in their argument is the assumption that filing a Code 90 trainmen payroll claim is part of the minor dispute resolution procedure itself.17 They contend that this issue "cannot be resolved in arbitration because it does not involve interpretation of an agreement. Act itself." It involves application of the (Pls.' Reply to Def.'s Opp'n Mot. Summ. J. 4.) CSXT, on the other hand, argues that Litaker's discipline was proper under the Trainman Agreement and that Litaker was not disciplined for exercising his right to make a claim under the collective bargaining agreements. It contends that a Code 90 payroll claim is not a "claim" within the meaning of the Article 17 Plaintiffs note that "Article 20 obviously applies to the claims Litaker filed, and CSXT could have denied them." (Pls.' Reply to Def.'s Opp'n Mot. Summ. J. 3.) 17 20 dispute resolution procedure of the Yardmaster System Agreement – rather, it is a wholly distinct action that is not part of any collective bargaining agreement dispute resolution process. CSXT has submitted a declaration from CSXT Labor Relations Director Shannon Farling Scott explaining the difference between an Article 20 claim and a Code 90 claim, as well as samples of Code 90 claims. CSXT notes that "if Plaintiffs really are arguing that Litaker was disciplined for filing a time claim under Article 20, it is CSXT's position that he was disciplined for submitting Code 90 claims to the trainmen payroll system." (Def.'s Opp'n Pls.' Mot. Summ. J. 9.) This Court finds that this dispute over Litaker's discipline is a minor dispute because its resolution requires the interpretation of collective bargaining agreements. The dispute implicates the discipline procedures of Article 21 of the Yardmaster System Agreement and Rule 17 of the Trainman Agreement, and appears to turn on the interpretation of "claim" under Article 20 of the Yardmaster System Agreement. In relevant part, Article 20 provides: (a) All claims or grievances must be presented in writing or electronically on the agreed form, if available, by or on behalf of the Yardmaster involved, to the Carrier Officer authorized to receive same, within sixty (60) calendar days from the date of the occurrence on which the claim or grievance is based. . . . 18 (b) The Yardmaster or the duly authorized representative who files the claim must furnish information on the agreed form, if available, to identify the basis of the claim: (1) Date, claimant's name and employee number. (2) Seniority date. (3) Date of violation. (4) Tour of duty involved. (5) Rules involved, if known. (6) Amount claimed. (7) Details of work performed or opportunity denied. (8) Reasons supporting claim. (Scott Decl. Ex. 1.) Article 20 requires that the basis of the claims or grievances be explained and sent to the appropriate CSXT officer, whereas a Code 90 payroll claim is a simple computerized input of travel pay value into the trainmen payroll system. Therefore, CSXT's interpretation that the Code 90 payroll claims are not claims or grievances within the meaning of Article 20, and that Litaker's discipline under the collective bargaining agreements was therefore proper, is arguably justified. See Conrail, 491 U.S. at 307. Thus, this Court finds that the discipline dispute is a minor dispute under the RLA and is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the National Railroad Adjustment Board. Therefore, the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction to consider the merits of the discipline dispute.18 18 Because this Court has found that it does not have jurisdiction in this matter, it does not reach CSXT's argument that Plaintiff Litaker lacks standing to enforce his claims under 45 U.S.C. §§ 152, First, Second, and Sixth because those provisions do not provide for a private right of action. 19 Plaintiffs have already commenced the internal appeal procedure, and as they exhaust their claims at the internal level of review, they are able to proceed to conference and binding arbitration before the National Railroad Adjustment Board or other agreed-upon adjustment board, according to the procedures set forth in the collective bargaining agreements and the RLA. Because CSXT is arguably justified in its interpretation of the relevant provisions of the collective bargaining agreements, Plaintiffs' contention that this court should issue equitable relief to require CSXT's compliance with its duties under the RLA is unavailing. V. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons: 1. Plaintiffs' Motion for Summary Judgment [Document 14] is DENIED. 2. CSXT's Motion for Summary Judgment [Document 15] is GRANTED. 3. Judgment shall be entered by separate Order. SO ORDERED, this Tuesday, October 11, 2011. /s/__________ Marvin J. Garbis United States District Judge 20


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The National AnimalSupplement Council has completed its campaign to improve the brand of the NASC Quality Seal, which included an updated image and new NASC Corporate Partner Seal to be used by approved third-party suppliers.
NASC's Quality Seal program ensures that companies displaying the seal have passed a facility audit, have a written quality control manual, utilize an adverse event reporting system, and follow proper label guidelines including warnings and caution statements suggested by regulatory agencies.
"The board's intention behind this update is to expand awareness of NASC's quality systems among consumers," says Karen Howard, president of NASC who presented the updated seal to members at NASC's annual conference in May. "For more than 10 years, NASC has worked diligently to create a unique path for animal supplements to go to market and define standards for the product supply chain that ensure retailers and consumers can trust animal supplements with the NASC Quality Seal. Now we are poised to broadly expand our outreach to consumers and engage them in the responsibility of providing healthy supplements to the animals we love."
The updated NASC Quality Seal will be integrated on approved, audited member company product labels over the next six months and consumers can expect to see the updated seal on shelves beginning in fall. Howard anticipates that within 18 months all audited NASC members will be using the updated NASC Quality Seal.
"Our next step is to develop and launch a consumer awareness campaign about the NASC Quality Seal and educate consumers on the value of animal health supplements," says Howard. "Our research shows that although people are becoming more concerned for the overall health and wellness of their companion animals, information on nutrition and health supplements for animals is limited and confusing."
At its annual meeting, AAFCO addressed ingredient definitions, petfood safety matters and certified organic petfoods
Association committed to protecting South African pet owners from 'rogue petfood manufacturers'
During the annual meeting, the Pet Food Committee approved recommendations to require calorie content statements on all dog and cat food labels
The mid-year meeting addressed several regulatory matters affecting petfoods
Public meetings invited comments and provided updates
Committees discussed key proposals such as a possible shift in the oversight of animal feeds
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LONDON -- Cairn Energy, said it has entered into a farm down agreement with ConocoPhillips for three contiguous blocks located offshore Senegal, West Africa.
Under the terms of the agreement, which is subject to Government of Senegal approval, ConocoPhillips will acquire a 25% working interest from Cairn in the three contiguous blocks - Rufisque, Sangomar and Sangomar Deep where a 2,050 sq km 3D seismic survey has been used to identify prospects.
The exploration campaign is targeting a block wide potential of more than 1.5 Bbbl of yet to find resource with a proposed two well program with drilling expected to commence in first half of 2014 with the Cairn contracted Cajun Express rig.
Cairn will retain operatorship and 40% interest in the blocks during the exploration phase. Petrosen, the Senegal National Oil Company, will retain a 10% interest in the exploration phase. In the event of a commercial success, ConocoPhillips would have the option to operate the future development of the resource.
The detailed financial terms of the agreement are confidential; however, ConocoPhillips will pay Cairn a payment inclusive of a portion of back costs on the blocks, along with promoted terms of future exploration expenditure.
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KGSW Channel 18
Southwestern Adventist University is the only Seventh-day Adventist college or university in the world that owns a television station. The station, KGSW, was the first television station in North America to become an affiliate of the Hope Channel.
The FCC has given KGSW until October 29, 2012 to make the switch to digital or it will lose the rights to broadcast in any format. In an effort to meet that deadline, KGSW has obtained permits from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to begin broadcasting in a digital format on Channel 18. However, the station currently lacks the funding to purchase the equipment needed to make the switch to digital.
A digital signal will increase KGSW's potential viewing audience to more than 500,000 people, reaching into five counties. In addition, KGSW has already begun talking with cable providers in the surrounding area who might be willing to air our programming with the potential to reach even more viewers.
This transition will be very beneficial for the university as well as the surrounding communities. Currently, KGSW had one television channel but DTV would provide four channels. One channel will be dedicated to the University's internal audience, creating a new emergency and announcement system for the University campus. The second channel will feature content from the Hope Channel and locally produced features, giving students the opportunity to create and broadcast items of interest to the community. The third channel could be leased as a dedicated Christian Spanish channel, something not currently available in the area. A fourth channel could also be leased, providing an ongoing income stream to cover the cost of operating KGSW.
The cost of the project is approximately $91,000, which includes the cost of equipment and installation for a new transmitter. The University is planning to lease two channels to provide an income stream to cover the ongoing operation of KGSW. The current transmitter will also be sold to raise revenue.
$91,000 Total Project Cost: (Equipment and Installation)
$25,000 Sale of old transmitter
$16,000 Income stream for leasing channels
$25,000 Funding requested and received from Versacare Fund


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Meet The CoywolfSeries Website »
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The coywolf, a mixture of western coyote and eastern wolf, is a remarkable new hybrid carnivore that is taking over territories once roamed by wolves and slipping unnoticed into our cities. Its appearance is very recent -- within the last 90 years -- in evolutionary terms, a blip in time. Beginning in Canada but by no means ending there, the story of how it came to be is an extraordinary tale of how quickly adaptation and evolution can occur, especially when humans interfere. Tag along as scientists study this new top predator, tracking it from the wilderness of Ontario's Algonquin Park, through parking lots, alleys and backyards in Toronto all the way to the streets of New York City.
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Food Safety Program
Foodborne illness in the United States is estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to cause 48 million cases of illnesses, over 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths annually. Hospitalizations due to foodborne illnesses are estimated to cost over $3 billion dollars and lost productivity is estimated to cost between $20 billion and $40 billion each year. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that foodborne illnesses are costing the United States economy more than $15.6 billion annually. NACCHO strives to support and work with local health departments to improve food safety and prevent foodborne illness. Click here to learn more about NACCHO's Food Safety Project.
In the Spotlight
Study of Retail Food Establishment Inspection Scoring and Grading Systems is a new NACCHO research brief that examines the way that LHDs use scores or grades to convey the results of their retail food establishment inspections. Through a cooperative agreement with the Food and Drug Administration, NACCHO conducted a surveyed local health departments to learn more about the prevalence of scoring and grading, the distribution of different types of scoring and grading systems, the relationship between systems and other food safety practices, and potential areas for further research. More »
New Resource!
This podcast highlights the critical functions local health departments (LHDs) undertake to ensure food is safe to buy, cook, and eat. This podcast also explores the challenges experienced by some LHDs. More »
New CIFOR Publications
Second Edition of the CIFOR Guidelines for Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response and Development of Target Ranges for Selected Performance Measures in the CIFOR Guidelines
New! Second Edition of the CIFOR Guidelines for Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response
New! Development of Target Ranges for Selected Performance Measures in the CIFOR Guidelines
Join NACCHO's Food Safety Leaders' List
Are you a leader or champion for food safety? NACCHO is recruiting local health department staff interested in receiving emails on food safety news, policy updates, events, and call to action items. As a subscriber to the Food Safety Leaders' List, you will have the opportunity to provide input on NACCHO's food safety positions and advocacy efforts that helps shape policy across the nation at local health departments. To subscribe, please email firstname.lastname@example.com with your email address, name, organization/agency, and position.


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Graduate Catalog 2013-14
PT 801 Clinical Practicum II
Provides 8 weeks of full-time supervised clinical education that takes place during the third academic year, after completion of the fall semester. This course builds on the knowledge and skills set gained from PT 800 and provides in-depth exposure and hands-on experience in the clinical setting. The clinical sites will include acute-care medical centers, subacute centers, home health agencies, and outpatient clinics. Offered spring semester only. Prerequisites: PT 700, PT 702, PT 710, PT 713, PT 720, PT 723, PT 730, PT 733, PT 740, PT 741, PT 744, PT 745, PT 800 (4)
Catalog Links


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- Home
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Wednesday December 17, 2014; 10:09 pm EST
On September 21st, 2013, hundreds of thousands of volunteers worldwide will participate in the Ocean Conservancy's International Coastal Cleanup, the world's largest volunteer event of its kind. Last year almost 600,000 volunteers from 114 countries and every state cleaned over 9 million pounds of trash from oceans and waterways and recorded every piece of trash collected. Come help this worthwhile effort. Register at www.signuptocleanup.org starting in August.
Join a site with others or find a site that needs cleaning, get a group together and contact the state coordinator at email@example.com for more info on starting your own cleanup site. Cleanup date is flexible during September and October!
Great outdoor activity for families, clubs, schools, businesses. Come help do your part to clean up our waterways!!


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So long as idleness is quite shut out from our lives, all the sins of wantonness, softness, and effeminacy are prevented; and there is but little room for temptation.Jeremy Taylor
If idleness do not produce vice or malevolence, it commonly produces melancholy.Sydney Smith
Idleness and timidity often despair without being overcome, and forbear attempts for fear of being defeated; and we may promote the invigoration of faint endeavors, by showing what has already been performed.Samuel Johnson
Idleness is the grand Pacific Ocean of life, and in that stagnant abyss the most salutary things produce no good, the most noxious no evil. Vice, indeed, abstractedly considered, may be, and often is engendered in idleness; but the moment it becomes efficiently vice, it must quit its cradle and cease to be idle.Charles Caleb Colton
Idleness is an inlet to disorder, and makes way for licentiousness. People that have nothing to do are quickly tired of their own company.Jeremy Collier
Too much idleness, I have observed, fills up a man's time more completely and leaves him less his own master, than any sort of employment whatsoeverEdmund Burke
Yet it is in our idleness, in our dreams, that the submerged truth sometimes comes to the top.Virginia Woolf
Shun idleness is the rust that attaches itself to the most brilliant metals.Voltaire
Busy idleness urges us onHorace
What heart can think, or tongue express, The harm that groweth of idleness?John Heywood
Idleness is emptiness; the tree in which the sap is stagnant, remains fruitless.Hosea Ballou
�Am I going home to idleness? No, no. My feet and hands may be still, not so the mind--that has its aspirations yet, and it will work, for it has a law unto itself. Idleness is one thing, doing is another.�Lew Wallace
�Purity of mind and idleness are incompatible�Mahatma Gandhi
"Idleness is sweet, and its consequences are cruel"John Quincy Adams
Golf is a day spent in a round of strenuous idleness.William Wordsworth
Idleness and lack of occupation tend -- nay are dragged -- towards evilHippocrates
Work is no disgrace: it is idleness which is a disgraceHesiod
Remove the temptation of idleness and cupids bow is useless.Ovid
Know the true value of time; snatch, seize, and enjoy every moment of it. No idleness; no laziness; no procrastination; never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.Lord Chesterfield
Idleness, sorrow, a friend, and a foe.Dorothy Parker
A nation rushing hastily too and fro, busily employed in idleness.Phaedrus
It is in our idleness, in our dreams, that the submerged truth sometimes comes to the top.Virginia Woolf
The clerisy are those who read for pleasure, but not for idleness; who read for pastime but not to kill time; who love books, but do not live by booksRobertson Davies


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The certification program is designed for individuals with a duty to respond to emergencies and will combine discussions, video and hands-on training. The course will cover how to respond to breathing and cardiac emergencies in adults, children and infants until more advanced medical personnel take over. Topics include primary assessment, ventilations, one- and two-person rescuer CPR and AED.
Participants must attend both days to receive certification. The cost is $75.
To register, visit 120 Hosaeus Fitness Center or call 994-5000. Questions may be directed to Abbey Keene at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Abbey Keene, 994-5000 or email@example.com


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Our wide range of gift vouchers make the perfect present to delight colleagues, friends and family alike


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NOTE: The products listed are for use by eligible State of Texas entities ONLY and are not for personal purchase or purchase by commercial entities.
Search for Contracts
Enter keywords or NIGP codes to find state contracts:
Contract Terms and Instructions
850-A1 Household Linens and Piece Goods
Start Date: 03/2013
End Date: 01/2015
Household Linens and Piece Goods
Enter requisition(s) into the TxSmartBuy on-line ordering system. Only purchase orders issued through TxSmartBuy are eligible for contract pricing.
For State Agencies: PCC A
NIGP Code(s):
The Contractor agrees not to ship any materials until issuance of a Purchase Order through TxSmartBuy by the State Agency, Higher Education, or Cooperative member.
TERM OF CONTRACT: 03/26/2013 through 01/31/2014
Renewal Term: February 01, 2014 through January 31, 2015
2nd Renewal Period: February 01, 2015 through January 31, 2016
3rd Renewal Period: February 01, 2016 through January 31, 2017
4th Renewal Period: February 01, 2017 through January 31, 2018
Payee ID No.: 11131115989
Acme Supply Co, LTD
10 Cedar Swamp Rd, ste 7
Glen Cove NY 11542
Contact: Stephanie Bailey
Phone: 800-567-8025 x54
Email: email@example.com
Payee ID No.: 12627408060
Harbor Linen LLC
2 Foster Avenue
Gibbsboro, NJ 08026
Contact: Jonathan Kuhl
Phone: 800-257-7858
Email: email@example.com
Payee ID No.: 10611696989
Tabb Textile Co., Inc.
511 Pleasant Drive
Opelika, AL 36801
Contact: Letty Jacobs
Phone: 334-745-6762
Email: email@example.com
SUBSTITUTIONS: During the Contract term, the Contractor shall not substitute a product or brand unless the Contractor has obtained prior written approval from the CPA Contract Manager in coordination with the Customer. The Contractor must have written confirmation from the CPA Contract Manager of the substitution before making delivery.
CPA CONTRACT MANAGEMENT: For a copy of the contract and/or questions regarding contract management issues, price changes, amendments or other post-award concerns should be directed to:
TPASS Contract Management Office (TCMO)
Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts (CPA)
Fax: (512) 936-0040
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
ADDING NEW PRODUCTS TO THE CONTRACT: Following the contract award, additional products of the same general category that could have been encompassed in the award of this contract, and that are not already on the contract, may be added. Customers are encouraged to request additional items by contacting the TPASS contract manager.
The Comptroller of Public Accounts (CPA) administers a vendor performance program for use by all ordering entities per Texas Government Code, Title 10, Subtitle D, Section 2155.077. The Vendor Performance and Debarment Program relies on the ordering entity's participation in gathering information on vendor performance. Ordering Entities shall report vendor performance on purchases over $25,000 from contracts administered by the commission or any other purchase over $25,000 made through delegated authority granted by CPA (TAC 20.108). Agencies are additionally encouraged to report vendor performance on purchases under $25,000.
Vendor Performance shall be reported through the CPA VENDOR PERFORMANCE TRACKING SYSTEM.
The purpose of the Vendor Performance Tracking System is to:
- Identify vendors that have exceptional performance.
- Aid purchasers in making a best value determination based on vendor past performance.
- Protect the state from vendors with unethical business practices.
- Provide performance scores in four measurable categories for the CMBL vendors.
- Track vendor performance for delegated and exempt purchases.


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.@joshhyland63 (josh hyland) 's instagram photos | webstagram, Webstagram is the best instagram web viewer! view all 291 comment. joshhyland63 hellloooo tori @tori126 @paigehyland1 1mon.
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Paige hyland dance moms dancer, Paige mackenzie hyland is an 11 year old dancer on the show dance moms. she dances at abby lee dance company. she was born on november 1, 2000. her older sister.


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As a student in the UT Southwestern Master of Prosthetics-Orthotics Program, you'll conduct research under the direction of a faculty mentor. You can help with ongoing research, select an area of investigation from topics offered by faculty, or develop a research question of your own. We encourage you to be creative and seek innovative solutions to clinical problems. Here's a sampling of research projects by our faculty, students and residents. You can also download a list of recent publications and presentations.
Research Projects by Faculty Members
Funded Projects
- Investigation of effects of motorized facilitated ankle stretching. (PI: Gao), 7/01/2009-6/30/2013 American Heart Association National Scientist Development Grant
- Development of a mechanical body-powered upper extremity prosthetic simulator. (PIs: Gao and Kapp), 2/19/2010-2/18/2011 The University of Texas Academy of Health Science Education and the University of Texas System sponsored Health Science Education Small Grants
- Anatomical models for transtibial prosthetic evaluation, measuring, and casting (PI: Gray) 9/2009-9/2010 Research Advisory Committee Faculty Grant
Other Projects
- Precise 3D photogrammetry measurement of human body surface (PI: Gao)
- Neuromuscular feature guided transtibial prosthetic socket alignment and design (PI: Gao)
- Investigation of prosthetic socket interface pressure: effects of suspension types and socket alignment (PI: Gao; co-I: Kapp)
- A case series using the timed up and go and the Houghton scale to detect changes over time
- Functional ambulation: standard treatment vs. electrical stimulation therapy (FASTEST) trial in chronic post-stroke subjects with foot drop
Research Projects by Students and Residents
- Osseointegration: a promising alternative for prosthetics suspension?
- A closer look at the scientific causation and prevention of skin breakdown in the rehabilitation setting
- Long term effects of amputations and prostheses on the musculoskeletal system
- How successful is hand transplantation?
- Upper limb prostheses: myoelectric vs. body powered designs
- Best methods for training, rehabilitation, and prosthetic acceptance of the upper extremity amputee
- Partial foot amputee treatment
- Locomotor adaptation: the effect of AFO designs on gait post stroke
- Rocker soles and their effect on gait
- Carpal tunnel syndrome: conservative vs. surgical treatment outcomes
- Neuroplasticity following CNS injury
- Effective treatments of multiple sclerosis
- Clubfoot treatment methods
- A case series using the timed up and go and the Houghton scale to detect changes over time (Resident)
- A review of the literature on evaluation of the foot and ankle (Resident)
- Conservative and surgical hallux valgus treatment approaches: which have the best outcomes?
- What is the incidence and long-term outcome of neurological damage during hip surgery?
- Which treatment algorithms for Charcot arthropathy have the best outcomes?
- Neural axis abnormalities in scoliosis patients
- Which pathologies are managed most effectively with foot orthoses?
- Is total ankle replacement an option for painful arthritic ankles?
- Is there a standardized measure to assess outcomes for conservative management of positional plagiocephaly?
- What methods have been proven successful in the rehabilitation of lower limb amputees with posttraumatic stress syndrome?
- Multidisciplinary healthcare teams: positive outcomes?
- How effective is articular cartilage replacement therapy?
- Can advances in prosthetic technology reduce amputee energy expenditure?
- A review of common gait training strategies used to improve the walking ability of stroke patients. Does the literature find one intervention to be more effective?
- A review of the literature of treatments for vestibular and proprioceptive disorders
- What is the most effective AFO design for bracing children with CP (Resident)
- How significant is subtalar neutral in lower extremity orthotics? (Resident)
- Chronic pain: conservative treatment options
- Wound care: identifying the most effective wound management options
- Methods and outcomes of good communication with the geriatric patient
- Functional outcome measures: which tests have proven psychometric properties and how can the tests be integrated into clinical practice
- Prognosis of the dysvascular amputee with respect to the contralateral limb and life expectancy
- Overuse syndrome: the recognition and prevention of symptoms in upper limb amputees
- Defining the functional envelope: a review of prosthetic and orthotic treatment modalities available towards increasing the functional envelope
- Infection control methods: what works best in an acute care setting?
- Functional electrical stimulation and patient efficacy: a literature review
- Reconnecting neuropathways: the most effective methods in literature
- Carpal tunnel syndrome: orthotic intervention vs. surgery
- Management of structural leg length discrepancy
- Treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a literature review
- Management of spinal disk herniation: a literature review
- A survey of the literature of the effectiveness of Botox and Baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
- A survey of common skin disorders and suggested etiology in lower limb prosthetics users: prevention and management (Resident)
- Developmental history of cervical collars and their functions (Resident)
- Fitting consideration for pediatric patients with upper limb amputations
- Accuracy of instrumented gait analysis systems
- Review of surgical techniques in trans-tibial amputations
- Diabetes and socioeconomic status: does a correlation exist for outcomes?
- Etiology and treatment of wounds related to prosthetic and orthotic management
- The energy efficiency of various lower limb amputation levels and lengths
- Physical therapy post stork rehabilitation modalities
- Etiology, manifestations and treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- Etiology, classification and treatment options for spondylolisthesis
- An overview of the treatment options for managing spasticity
- Osteoarthritis: etiology, diagnosis, and treatments
- The significance of in-shoe AFO dimensions and relevance for show resizing recommendations (Resident)


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See other Kuala Lumpur properties
Sunshine Bedz KL
65 B, Jalan Sultan Ismail,, Bukit Bintang,, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Distance from city centre: 2.8km
Real Reviews
Real reviews from fellow travellers
These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
Note: we only give a property a rating once it has received a minimum of 3 reviews.
- " good location! "
- 26 Nov 2014 Anonymous South Korea
- " Easy to reach and to start the walk, strategic location, warm welcome and honest smile from the staff and they are so helpful. The room, toilet, and area are so clean, the hot water is a plus plus. "
- 22 Nov 2014 Anonymous Indonesia
- " overall i had a pleasant stay with friendly staff. A little turned off when I found used tissue thrown on my bed and towel is no where to be found initially. Great location by the way. "
- 07 Nov 2014 Anonymous Malaysia
- " such a nice place to stay. very easy to find from BB station. "
- 24 Oct 2014 Anonymous Indonesia
- " My first hostel when visiting malaysia. It's quite comfy, clean, and the most important it has fast wifi connection (so i can update on socmed regularly :p ) I will recommend this place to my friends who need budget place to stay "
- 22 Oct 2014 Anonymous Indonesia
- " I found Sunshine Bedz randomly on this site, and really fell that I got lucky. I live in Bali and go to KL from time to time, and have had mediocre experiences staying in other guest houses. This time was a great experience. Patrick and his staff go out of there way to make you feel welcome and comfortable. They create a naturally fun environment, but still respect a person's need for peace and quiet if that's the case. I was in town for two nights and made a lot of friends while I was there. "
- 20 Jul 2014 Richard Kyle France
- " Todella mukava ja siisti hostelli keskeisellä paikalla. Henkilökunta on ystävällistä ja auttavaista ja puhuu hyvää englantia. Säilytyslokerot tavaroille, muista tuoda oma lukko! "
- 28 Jun 2014 Roosa Finland
- " Very good! Fun area around the hostel, staff was nice, room/bathroom/common areas were clean. I am very happy to have stayed at sunshine beds for couple of nights... "
- 25 Jun 2014 Anonymous France
- " We loved our stay there. It is in a great location near everything...restraurants, monorail, shopping malls. Very clean and spacious rooms. And Patrick at the front desk was awesome! "
- 20 Jun 2014 Jacqueline USA
- " Amazing location! staffs are nice! I strongly recomend to book this hostel! Beds are clean! no worries! but be carefull of mosquito bite "
- 22 May 2014 Anonymous South Korea


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Iain Page Named Evening Anchor at WTXF
After two months filling in on the 6 and 10 p.m. newscasts, Iain Page has officially been named evening co-anchor at WTXF, the Fox owned station in Philadelphia.
"Iain's on-air presence, engagement with viewers and versatility made him the right choice for this premier role on our evening news," WTXF vice president and news director Jim Driscoll said in a statement.
Page joined WTXF in February as co-anchor of the 5 p.m. newscast alongside Kerry Barrett. When Thomas Drayton left the station in July, Page took over for him on the 6 and 10 p.m. newscasts.
More from WTXF after the jump. Read more


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If you familiar with BPQ32TermTCP. I have wrote one for Linux. The BPQTermTCP.ini file that you use in windows is transferable to Linux. There are a few features that I have to work on. For example, making the the 2 windows re-size when you move the separator. Make it accept multi-langauage characters. I also will try and add ax25 client. So you can select if you want to use TCP or ax25 connection.
Version 22.214.171.124 is out!
Scrolltimers are fix to make each window have there own timer. You can scroll the output window back. With out having the monitor window scroll the output back while your reading.
Version 184.108.40.206 is out!
Fixed international characters blank line problem. Also the window resizes correctly again.
You can Download the precompiled version, in the panel marked download.
Any question you can email here or email: kb8pmy at kb8pmy.net


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Rumor: First Standalone STAR WARS Movie Centers on Yoda
by Brendan Bettinger Posted 1 year, 317 days ago
J.J. Abrams is officially on board to direct Star Wars: Episode VII, the first entry in a new trilogy. As Abrams gets the mothership in order, you better believe Disney is working on the fringes to realize the full potential of their recently acquired franchise. In particular, Lawrence Kasdan and Simon Kinberg are reportedly developing scripts that "could form the basis for spinoffs focusing on side characters." One possibility that surfaced is Zack Snyder's version of Seven Samurai in the Star Wars universe. Since Snyder's reps quickly shot that down, it's time to move on to the next rumor which involves Yoda.


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|Gluten-free whole grain bread.
Gluten-Free Wheat-Free Breads + Tea Breads
My favorite flour mix for baking tender gluten-free bread includes sorghum flour, millet flour and potato starch (not potato flour!). See this essential post: Gluten-Free Bread Machine Tips for helpful hints, problem solving, and a lively readers' discussion (in comments) on making your bread machine baking a success. The bread machine I use is a Breadman; lately I use the Super Rapid cycle with a dark crust setting.
|Gluten-Free Goddess Multi-grain Sandwich Bread recipe.
Our Favorite Gluten-Free Bread Recipes
|Karina's Zucchini Bread- a readers' favorite
Tea Breads and Treats
|Karina's gluten-free pizza crust. Add your favorite toppings.
Best Pizza Crust, Flatbread, Wraps
|Karina's whole grain olive bread. So good.


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How responding to climate change could change our world—for the better
I was asked to talk at the Northwest Biodiesel annual conference at the Seattle Center on May 6, 2007. My talk followed ones by Greg Rock of the Green Car Company on Peak Oil and Dr. Richard Gammon, of NOAA, one of the leading experts on climate change. This turned out to be harder work than I thought it was going to be, as I explain below ...
I want to begin by thanking Dr. Richard Gammon for being out raising the alarm about climate change way before it became popular.
I also want to thank the organizers of this conference and all of you for being about solutions.
I have to admit I found the task you gave me a bit daunting. Knowing you'd be hearing some rather bad news, you wanted me to talk about what we can do to solve the challenges confronting the future of human civilization – in 15 minutes. And presumably, you also were hoping I would cheer things up so we could all have a lovely conference.
Besides the obvious reasons, I found this challenge daunting because the news we are getting from scientists is really very bad news. The disruption of the climate is already harming people, and the harm promises to get far worse.
The more I worked on it, though, the more I came to feel that there is also the possibility for very good news. The good news is NOT that we can keep living the way we've been living, and just substitute one type of fuel in our cars for another, or one light bulb for another – although those are well worth doing. The good news is that the far deeper changes we will have to make to prevent all-out catastrophe have ripple effects that could mean a better life on all counts, and a more peaceful, democratic, and beautiful world.
But to make those changes, we're going to have to have the courage to leave behind assumptions and old habits about the way we think life has to be lived.
Attempts by special interests—primarily the large fossil fuel corporations and their paid cadre of pundits and scientists—to obscure the issue are no longer working. Like attempts by tobacco companies to obscure the dangers of smoking cigarettes, there has been a great deal of damage done, but finally we are beyond the conversation about whether there is a climate change issue. There is now clarity that we must take action, and the discussion now is about what to do.
And what we decide to do, as ordinary Americans, is as important as any other decisions being made around the world. Why?
We in North America produce more greenhouse gases per person than in any other region of the world. The people who study ecological footprints show that for the rest of the world were to achieve our level of consumption, we would need several additional planets to supply the ecological resources and sinks.
Our demand for Earth's energy and other resources is a major cause of war. George Bush senior famously said, the American way of life is not negotiable. We are now paying the terrible price for that attitude in Iraq, where an ill-advised struggle for long-term control of Middle East oil is playing out.
Other countries once looked to us for leadership, or at least for participation in solutions, since we have assumed the mantle of world superpower. Aside from the attack and occupation of Iraq, there may be no single factor so damaging to our international prestige as our failure to take responsibility for our contribution to climate change.
Although these questions are playing out on a global scale, the question of whether the United States will take action on climate change comes back to we ordinary people.
As consumers, are we willing to make green choices?
As citizens, will we demand that the people who work for us in Washington, DC, and in our state capitals and city halls take action?
As business owners, farmers, workers, will we make climate-friendly choices?
As community members, will we press for sustainable communities?
Or will we put this off for someone else to worry about?
We know we cannot continue living the way we've been living—not if we want our children and grandchildren to have a shot at a decent life. So is it a morally defensible choice to go forward, worsening climate change, depleting the last remaining oil, and leaving it to our kids or grandkids to live with the consequences? What will we answer when our grandchildren ask, "Why didn't you do something when you had the chance?"
What it looks like is this:
We either make changes now during a time of relative stability, when we can think clearly about a short-, medium-, and long-term transition strategy to sustainable ways of life—or we can find ourselves scrambling to respond in the midst of increasingly serious climatic and economic crises.
We can use our society's wealth to fund conservation, efficiency, and renewables R&D, or we can spend it on military action to continue our domination over a disproportionate share of the world's resources and to subsidize continued reliance on carbon and nuclear fuels, until life for all of us (and especially the most vulnerable) becomes precarious.
We can use the remaining supply of reasonably priced petroleum to fuel a transition to renewables, or we can wait until those supplies are too expensive to our economy or the climate.
In other words, we will transition to a different way of getting and using energy. The only question is whether we start now to make the transition in a way that preserves some amount of climate stability and societal stability, or whether we wait for chaos to force our hand (or our children's hands).
The good news is that the transition, though difficult, may actually have some very real benefits. In fact, we may decide that even if we didn't have the climate crisis to contend with, all these efforts might be worthwhile for other reasons.
Here's what I mean.
1) We have a huge problem with family wage jobs in the United States. We've lost 16 percent of manufacturing jobs since Bush took office, but we were losing manufacturing under Democratic administrations too. Jobs are going overseas. Real wages for middle and working poor are stagnating or worse.
The Apollo Alliance is proposing we spend $30 billion dollars a year over the next 10 years making our infrastructure energy efficient, building sustainable buildings, and doing R&D on efficient and renewables technologies. It's expensive, but it amounts to just 5 percent of what we're spending on the military. Could there be a better way to invest in a safe and secure future? We could assure a new batch of living wage jobs that could give thousands of young people a future. When people are paid family wages, their spending then ripples out into the economy. And these are jobs that would stay put, here in our communities, not get sent overseas.
This is the sort of call to action Americans are waiting for. Not the call to go shopping that President Bush issued after 9-11, but the call to come together to make our country great again.
By the way, this is a national effort, but we don't have to wait for the whole country to get on board. Many cities are adopting the Apollo Project locally, as are some universities.
2) We need sustainable and affordable housing. Too many people are getting priced out of the market—partly because of stagnating wages and dead-end jobs that don't pay enough to cover housing costs. But also because of speculation and the high cost of energy. If a house is built green, a mortgage should take that into account in determining reasonable mortgage payments.
There are many things each of us can do in our homes right now:
• Switch to compact fluorescent light bulbs—they're a great deal—cheaper energy for you, better for the planet.
• Weatherize.
• Use the sun to warm, but use shade if your place gets too warm in the summer.
• Catch rain in a rain barrel.
• Buy things made locally that are built to last. Recognize that everything we buy is a cost, not only to our pocketbook but to the resources of the planet.
• Recycle and compost.
• Use a clothesline—an amazing, cheap solar- and wind-powered clothes dryer that you can get at any hardware store and install yourself.
• Consider installing a heat pump or solar panels.
If you move, move into a home that isn't bigger than you need. Our homes are huge energy sinks, and the average size of the American home has been increasing beyond any reason over recent year. And live somewhere close to work and shops so you don't have to spend so much time on the road.
3) Sustainable communities. We can try as much as we want to make our individual homes more sustainable, but there is a limit to what we can do without sustainable communities. We need to re-establish walkable, bike-able, run-able communities that are compact, with green ways, car-free zones, and inviting gathering spaces. We don't need gyms—we just need to reacquaint ourselves with what great capacities our bodies have for getting us around. This alone would have a huge positive impact on our health at a time when some of the most debilitating and expensive diseases are directly related to obesity and our car-dependent, sedentary suburban lifestyles. So if the way we're living is killing us and the planet, there is an opportunity for a double win by making the shift to more sustainable community design.
If we cluster buildings together, we can use district heating and shared walls to retain heat. We can quit driving so much—we might not even need cars. Public transit works far more efficiently when people live near transit stops. And we could have beautiful natural areas within sight—farmland, wildlife areas, hiking trails. We can get food grown nearby. If you've been to Europe, you've seen the villages, with narrow streets and homes close together surrounded by farmland and nature. These also enhance a sense of community—you see the sidewalk cafes, the parks, the small shops, the town squares that all come alive with people living close by. There's a reason people long to visit these sorts of villages, and few tourists venture into suburban America.
4) Transportation – if we have these sorts of sustainable communities, much of the transportation problem will be taken care of. We'll get around by foot, bicycle, and public transit. There are likely to still be vehicles for specific purposes, but they will be powered by electricity (generated sustainably) or by biofuels.
And I do want to talk about the subject of this conference, biodiesel, for a moment. There is an extremely troubling aspect to some, not all, the biofuels being produced. Because the price of energy is so high, and there is such a strong, blind demand for energy, we may be moving toward producing energy in new ways that are just as unsustainable as the old ways. One example, palm oil, is now being used for biofuel.
Here's what George Monbiot, a British journalist, writes in The Guardian newspaper: "Friends of the Earth published a report about the impacts of palm oil production. 'Between 1985 and 2000,' it found, 'the development of oil-palm plantations was responsible for an estimated 87 per cent of deforestation in Malaysia.' In Sumatra and Borneo, some 4 million hectares of forest has been converted to palm farms. Now a further 6 million hectares is scheduled for clearance in Malaysia, and 16.5m in Indonesia.'"
Cutting rainforest is not a solution to climate change.
And there is a rush into ethanol production, fueled by high prices and subsidies. Ethanol has little to no advantage over other fuels from a climate perspective. In fact, production is more or less a wash—it takes almost as much energy to produce ethanol as you get from it. Nonetheless, corn for ethanol in 2001 represented about 7 percent of corn produced in the US. Just seven years later, corn demand for ethanol is expected to reach nearly 30 percent of corn produced. Farmland devoted to other purposes is being switched over to corn, and the price of corn is climbing rapidly. You may remember that there were large demonstrations in Mexico over the price of tortillas which is a basic food staple there. And when staple prices go up, poor people go hungry. So the question is, does our wealth entitle us to take food from children to feed our gas guzzlers?
Here's what Lester Brown of the Earth Policy Institute says:
"The food and energy economies, historically separate, are now merging. In this new economy, if the fuel value of grain exceeds its food value, the market will move it into the energy economy. As the price of oil climbs, so will the price of food."
So I urge you to look carefully at biofuels. Those made from waste are almost certainly a good thing—the paper YES! is printed on is made at a mill that is powered in part by biogas from methane tapped at a landfill. Far better to burn the methane, which is otherwise a powerful greenhouse gas, than to simply let it escape into the atmosphere. So yes to biofuels made from waste. If they are made from food crops, or on land that was used for food crops, I think we need to look very carefully. We need a full sustainability audit, that looked a life-cycle costs, including the environmental and energy costs of growing the crops, and the opportunity costs, if any, of using the land for energy rather than for other vital ecological or human needs.
5) Local economies. What if, instead of shipping food an average of 1500 miles, we got our food close to home? There's huge energy savings that could be had that way. And we'd know how our food was being produced, We would know whether it is safe or drenched with pesticides. We could achieve a better balance between the wastes produced by animal production and human communities and the soil absorption for crops. Instead of hogs, cattle, and chicken raised in inhumane factory farms, they could be raised at a sustainable scale. A scale that makes sense is one in which animal wastes, instead of causing massive stench and water pollution, could be incorporated back into the earth, where they could substitute for climate-destroying fossil fuels What if we supported local farmers and local merchants instead of Wal Marts? Maybe our young people would have the opportunity to go into farming, to start businesses. We could have communities with strong, vibrant local businesses.
What if we made our homes out of locally produced building materials—wood in the Northwest; adobe in the southwest. We might reclaim the regional flavors that make different areas distinct and culturally rich.
And we might orient our business to making sufficient profits, rather than the excessive, ever-growing profits Wall Street demands. Without the constant pressure for more profits, at whatever cost to the environment, workers, ethical standards, democracy, workplace safety, and managerial sanity we could better balance life. Maybe we would be able to again have time to be with family, to build stronger communities, to develop ourselves through lifelong learning or spiritual practices or just kicking back.
6) To accomplish this, we will have to reclaim power for the people of the United States from the special interests and corporations that have had far too much influence and have prevented us from pursuing real solutions up until now. Campaign finance reform would be a good place to start. Corporate money has paid for the science bent on confusing the climate change issue, and now is urging us to take it slow to act on any solutions. They have allowed profits to soar while wages stagnate, and given themselves free rein to externalize their costs—that is, to get the rest of us to pick up the tab—while they keep huge profits to themselves.
It's probably a good thing that gas prices are high, because that will move the development of alternatives. But why should the windfall profits from those high prices go into the pockets of the same corporate power holders who are responsible for so much of our current mess? A windfall profits tax could help fund the transition—a transition we should have started years ago.
Suppose we used that money to make our homes and businesses energy efficient? And for R&D to improve the designs of renewable energy generation and to reduce the amount of energy it takes to get the goods and services we want. And to finance installation of solar on homes and businesses, windpower on farms, tidal power for local utilities. When the demand starts to get production to scale, the price will come down.
Corporations have too much influence in Washington, DC, and it will take democracy to bring about the changes that we need if we are to shift to a sustainable and moral economy.
What do these solutions have in common?
They address some of the fundamental drivers of climate change while also offering us a better life.
They offer more balance—we can get back the time to enjoy our loved ones and our short time on this beautiful planet.
They offer more health, cleaner air, more exercise as part of everyday life, and fresher foods grown closer to home.
They offer more sustained prosperity for ordinary people, as we create long-term jobs that will stay put instead of fleeing to wherever in the world offers the most profit at any given moment.
They offer more justice because they involve shifting to using local resources, allowing the people of the rest of the world to reclaim their own nearby resources.
They are peaceful, because we no longer are roaming the world in search of other peoples' resources to feed our oversized appetite. So we no longer need to guard—through military aggression—our access to those resources.
They will make a major step toward restoring our standing in the world, as we are seen as a leader in solving a global problem, rather than being perceived as the world's largest bully and polluter.
We have tried a lifestyle of over-consumption—of defining well-being by how much money we make or how big a house and car we have. We know now that this didn't work. It didn't bring us happiness—just look at the research on well-being and happiness. The data show we are not as happy as we were when we lived more simply.
And other research shows what we all know deep down. People's well being does increase substantially when they go from not having enough to eat or a roof over their head, to having their needs met. But after that, happiness doesn't increase much with additional consumption . The source of happiness is having people we love, a sense of community, a way of making a contribution that is recognized.
So the good news is that we can have all that. We can both live better, and sustain the planet through this transition to a more sustainable society.
And the other good news is that we have the resourcefulness, know-how, technology, and traditions already to shift to a way of life that is sustainable.
But we can't just talk about change. It is already late. We are already seeing the affects of climate change, and any greenhouse gases we put in the atmosphere today continue their warming effects well into the future. The time to act is now, time to take on the challenge of the creative and community-enhancing project of sustainability. Then we can answer those grandchildren's question by saying, "We did all we could and it made the crucial difference."
Note: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has just issued their third report of the year -- this time on what we can do about climate change.
Labels: climate change, energy, global warming, good life, happiness, oil, peak oil, renewable energy, solutions to climate change., sustainable communities


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Chat live online with a South University representative who can answer your questions, right now.
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Chat live online with a South University representative who can answer your questions,
right now.
From now until January 10, 2015, South University is offering a no-cost application for new applicants
About South University Admissions Alumni Connections Financial Aid Newsroom Online
South University offers a Graphic Design associate's and bachelor's degree program through the College of Arts & Sciences. Additionally, we offer a wide variety of Creative Arts programs, including Graphic Design, through The Art Institute of Fort Worth, The Art Institute of Dallas, The Art Institute of Charlotte or The Art Institute of Raleigh-Durham.
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Graduate Programs
Undergraduate Programs
In your search for Cleveland information technology bachelor's degree programs, choose South University, Cleveland.
Our Bachelor of Science (BS) in Information Technology degree program focuses on preparing you with the knowledge and skills needed to understand the theoretical and applied uses of information technology in various business applications.
This Cleveland Information Technology bachelor's program is designed to provide a foundation for understanding the function and process of computer programming, database design, network design, information security, and software engineering. Students study system analysis, design, and develop code using appropriate programming methodology. Case studies and hands-on projects help students gain the communication skills, critical thinking and technical competencies required in the workplace.
Bachelor's degree students in the Information Technology program have the opportunity to tailor their degree studies by selecting from four areas of specialization: Network Administration, Web Administration, Database Administration, and Security. These areas of emphasis also represent the variety of information technology fields that students will be prepared to pursue upon graduation from the program, and students can select courses from any of the disciplines to complete their elective requirements, making it possible to specialize their learning even further.
Students can learn to design, install, configure, problem solve and troubleshoot enterprise networks, while achieving business goals by building and maintaining security solutions, LANs, and private and public networks.
This specialization focuses coursework on a variety of Web tools and technologies (such as multimedia, graphics, scripting, authoring tools, imaging tools and animation tools) for use in e-commerce and networking applications.
This specialization presents students with the opportunity to acquire the skills and experience needed to control data, design solutions for data storage (including backup and recovery operations) and transfer database information to physical devices such as wireless units.
Students will have the opportunity to learn the fundamentals of how to secure operating systems and networks as well as defensive design for software applications. This is supported by a case studies course that allows students to decide how they would respond to real-world documented security scenarios.
The Cleveland Information Technology bachelor's degree program culminates in a capstone project, a two-course sequence that focuses on the student's overall course of study and allows the student the opportunity to apply the concepts and skills he or she has learned in real and simulated business situations. For students taking courses on-ground at one of the campus locations, ITS 4103 and ITS 4104 involve an ongoing project designed by the student and his or her faculty mentor to demonstrate the capabilities acquired throughout the degree. Completion of this project is necessary for graduation and gives the student an excellent example of work to aid in the hiring process. For purely online students, ITS 4103 remains a project course, but 4104 can be substituted by another elective course. ITS 4104 can also be substituted by a documented internship for which students have been authorized to receive credit; this will involve coordination between the student and the supervising faculty member.
Graduates of the BS in Information Technology program are prepared for entry-level positions such as:
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Ovilla Police Reports
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Mickey Rourke
Mickey Rourke Says He's Not A Marvel Fan (Video)
Rourke telling it like it is.
First Look At Jessica Alba, Mickey Rourke & Joseph Gordon-Levitt In Sin City: A Dame To Kill For
Nancy Callahan, Marv and Johnny.
Henry Cavill's 'Immortals' (2011): Two New Image Stills
If you haven't seen the movie yet, check out a couple new images to get you excited.
Henry Cavill's 'Immortals' new character movie posters
Relativity Media released five character posters for Immortals which stars "Superman" Henry Cavill and also Mickey Rourke.
Check Out Superman (2012) Henry Cavill in Immortals (2011)
Screen shots of the future Man of Steel, Henry Cavill, in the upcoming 3-D epic adventure, Immortals - also Mickey Rourke and more.


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The Oral History of JDub Records
A look at the decade in which the awesome JDub Records came and went
Daniel Arkin over at Brooklyn Ink has done everyone a great service by conducting an oral history with the founders and staff of JDub Records. At one point, we had the good luck of sharing offices with JDub, which turned a meaningful idea into a successful project before closing up shop last year.
Here's a small part of the exchange between Aaron Bisman and Ben Hesse, the co-founders of JDub.
Bisman: The American Jewish world had done a really crappy job of creating meaningful culture for young people beyond Jewish summer camps and a few other things.
Hesse: Jewish music was just cornball.
Bisman: The idea was, I want to make music that some high school kid in the Midwest can play in his car and bump and really feel: 'It's cool, it's mine, it's Jewish, and I'm totally proud of that.' I remember being sixteen, working at Camp Ramah in California. One day I went to a Phish show at the Ventura County Fairgrounds. Fifty-thousand people there. Trey [Anatasio], who's not Jewish, broke into 'Avinu Malkeinu,' singing in Hebrew, and doing a damn good job. I looked around and saw recognition on other people's faces. It was a powerful, transformative moment. We wanted to create those moments for other people.
Read the whole thing. It's a great story.
Klezmer Punks, Gangsta Rabbis: An Oral History of JDub Records [Brooklyn Inn]
Dispatch From Chabad's Kinus Hashluchim
A look at the pressing issues of the annual gathering of Lubavitch rabbis


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- Sheepshead Bites - http://www.sheepsheadbites.com -
B/Q Line Subway Service Advisories: 2/26 – 2/27
Posted By Erica Sherman On February 26, 2013 @ 10:15 am In News & Features | No Comments
Things seem to be running somewhat smoothly on the B "Silver Bullet Express" train this week (knock wood, for all you commuters). As for the Q local, well… same old, same old…
From 11:45 p.m. to 5:00 a.m., now to Wednesday, February 27, Q train service operates in two sections:
To continue your trip, transfer via passageway at Atlantic Avenue-Barclays Center.
These service changes affect one or more ADA accessible stations. Please call 511 for help with planning your trip. If you are deaf or hard of hearing, use your preferred relay service provider or the free 711 relay. For more information, visit mta.info [2].
Article printed from Sheepshead Bites: http://www.sheepsheadbites.com
URL to article: http://www.sheepsheadbites.com/2013/02/bq-line-subway-service-advisories-226-227/
URLs in this post:
[1] Image: http://www.adailymuse.com/2011/04/183/
[2] mta.info: http://mta.info/
[3] Weekend Subway Service Advisories: 9/6 – 9/9/2013: http://www.sheepsheadbites.com/2013/09/weekend-subway-service-advisories-96-992013/
[4] Weekend Subway Service Advisories: 9/5 – 9/8/2014: http://www.sheepsheadbites.com/2014/09/weekend-subway-service-advisories-95-982014/
[5] Weekend Subway Service Advisories: 9/27 – 9/30/2013: http://www.sheepsheadbites.com/2013/09/weekend-subway-service-advisories-927-9302013/
[6] Weekend Subway Service Advisories: 9/26 – 9/29/2014: http://www.sheepsheadbites.com/2014/09/weekend-subway-service-advisories-926-9292014/
Click here to print.
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Study: Business Lobbying Boosts Executive Pay, Not Company Profitability
Many people believe a modern business's success or failure depends partly on its ability to lobby or secure favor through political connections. This belief has only grown since the federal government responded to the financial crisis by increasing the subsidies, grants, and contracts given directly to specific businesses. Some businesses have benefited; others have failed in spite of these taxpayer-funded favors.
So is "rent-seeking," as the process is known, actually profitable for businesses? Is it worth the investment of time and money that could be put to other uses?
In a new Mercatus Center at George Mason University study, economists Russell Sobel and Rachel Graefe-Anderson find that political activity has no significant effect on the performance of most firms and industries. However, individual company executives do appear to profit from having close ties to the political process.
More Lobbying Benefits Execs
Using data that includes recent stimulus funding, the authors find:
- Total expenditures on lobbying the federal government rose by almost 25 percent from 2007 to 2010, to more than $3.5 billion. There are more than 12,000 federal lobbyists pushing their interests in Washington. However, there is little evidence companies' lobbying expenditures or political contributions lead to greater profits.
- Company executives appear to be the main beneficiaries of strong political connections between firms and the federal government, capturing dollars which do not flow to the rest of the firm or its shareholders.
- There is one notable exception: the banking and finance industries. Influenced by the $450 billion TARP program, these sectors show a link between lobbying efforts and both corporate executive compensation and firm profitability.
- Companies that accepted TARP funds did so with limitations on executive compensation; the fact the program's designers saw fit to insert this provision may be more understandable considering the paper's findings.
- Despite its high level of media attention, crony capitalism does not seem to have a widespread resource-allocation impact on the economy. Still, the authors' findings are consistent with highly publicized examples of politically favored firms such as Solyndra, which go bankrupt despite receiving government assistance. There is a clear incentive for executives to direct resources to seek government funds even when it may not strengthen the company.
In short, government-granted privilege does not increase prosperity for the vast majority of American workers and investors. Additionally, another recent Mercatus study details how these policies fail state and city governments that offer benefits in hopes of attracting jobs and economic activity.
Kyle Precourt (firstname.lastname@example.com) is state and local media coordinator for the Mercatus Center at George Mason University.
Internet Info
"The Relationship Between Political Connections and the Financial Performance of Industries and Firms," Russell S. Sobel and Rachel L. Graefe-Anderson, Mercatus Center: http://heartland.org/policy-documents/relationship-between-political-connections-and-financial-performance-industries-and
"The Political Economy of State-Provided Targeted Benefits," Christopher J. Coyne and Lotta Moberg, Mercatus Center: http://heartland.org/policy-documents/political-economy-state-provided-targeted-benefits


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Mail Server with Public IP question.
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10th October 2008, 21:19
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Mail Server with Public IP question.
Hi all,
Im looking for help on the following question:
Im running a web server and mail server on different machines on my LAN and Ive configured Bind to resolve internally for the clients in the LAN. That time I had only one public IP address.
Now a have a second public IP and want the mail server to use its own public IP but having the mail server still accessible internally.
Is that possible to have the mail server directly connected to the WAN and to the LAN at the same time? Can I use two network cards?
Another question is what are the concerns if putting the public IP on the server? TIA.
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