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Phytotherapy (aka HERBAL THERAPY) for polycystic ovarian syndrome
[kat note: scroll WAY down to see the herbal recommendations}
Phytotherapy for polycystic ovarian syndrome
by Angela Hywood
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is a common gynecological disorder characterized by hypergonadotrophism, hirsutism, obesity, oligomenorrhea and commonly associated with infertility. (1) PCOS is a complex clinical picture and presents a multifaceted etiology related to imbalance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, thyroid involvement and metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance). (1) There is substantial evidence that PCOS should no longer be considered purely a gynecological disorder, but rather a complex endocrine disorder. (2)
PCOS affects approximately 5 to 10% of women of reproductive age and is one of the most common causes of anovulatory infertility. (2) Menstrual disruption typically manifests in PCOS, ranging from oligomenorrhea to amenorrhea.
Despite the extensive investigations, the etiology of PCOS remains poorly understood. The most recent knowledge indicates that abnormal insulin response to glucose stimulus is a key underlying factor in PCOS. (2,3) Other etiological factors include derangement of the sympathetic nervous control of the ovaries, (4) estrogen dominance and elevated androgens. Some of the literature suggests a genetic susceptibility to insulin stimulation of androgen secretion, blocking follicular maturation.
Insulin Resistance
PCOS and insulin resistance are intimately related endocrine disorders. The most common causes of insulin resistance are obesity, poor diet and stress. Hyperinsulinemia is not a characteristic of hyperandrogenism in general, but is uniquely associated with PCOS. (2)
In obese women with PCOS, 30 to 40% of these have impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. However, women with ovulatory hyperandrogenism can present with normal insulin and glucose tolerance, (1,2) indicating additional factors are potentially involved in the etiology.
Elevated Androgens
The ovarian and adrenal glands of women with PCOS are usually the sites of production of elevated androgens. It is postulated that these women have a hyperactive production of CYP17 enzyme, which is responsible for forming androgens in the ovaries and adrenals (from DHEA-S). (2) Elevated total and free testosterone correlate with the typically elevated LH levels. Serum total testosterone is usually up to twice the normal range (20 to 80 ng/dL). High androgen levels in the ovary inhibit FSH, thereby inhibiting development and maturation of the follicles. (1,2)
DHEA is found to be elevated in 50% of women with PCOS. (2) The elevated DHEA is due to stimulation by ACTH, produced by the pituitary in response to stress. The excess DHEA then converts to androgens via adrenal metabolism, which in turn contributes to the typical elevated androgen levels in PCOS.
The skin and adipose tissue add to the complex etiology of PCOS. Women who develop hirsutism have the presence and activity of androgens in the skin which stimulate abnormal patterns of hair growth. Aromatase and 17-beta-hydroxysteroid activities are increased in the fat cells and peripheral aromatization increases with body weight. The metabolism of estrogens by way of 2-hydroxylation and 17-alpha-oxidation is decreased. Estrogen levels increase as a result of peripheral aromatization of androstenedione. This cascade results in a chronic hyper-estrogen production (estrogen dominance). (2)
Hirsutism occurs in 70% of women with PCOS in the US, as opposed to only 10 to 20% of Japanese women diagnosed with PCOS. (3) This may be explained by the genetically determined differences in 5-alpha-reductase activity between different cultures, or from a holistic standpoint, may reflect differences in endocrine behavior in accordance with local diet and levels of physical fitness.
Estrogen Dominance
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis imbalance can contribute significantly to the etiology of PCOS. The result of increased gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) output causes an elevation in the pulsatile output of LH and results in an elevated LH to FSH ratio (typically 2:1 respectively). (2,5) FSH is not increased as a result of elevated LH in this case, likely due to the hypothalamus responding via negative feedback to the already chronically elevated estrogen levels.
About 25% of PCOS patients exhibit elevated prolactin, (1,2) known as hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia results from abnormal estrogen negative feedback via the pituitary gland. Elevated prolactin can in turn contribute to elevated estrogen levels.
PCOS Holistic Diagnostic Criteria
Menstrual irregularity
* Eight or fewer menstrual cycles per year
* Unpredictable menstrual cycles
* Amenorrhea for longer than 4 months in the absence of pregnancy or menopause
* Infertility
* History of ovarian cysts
* Irregular bleeding
* Excessive or heavy bleeding
Skin complications
* Adult acne
* Severe adolescent acne
* Cystic acne on face, neck, back shoulders
* Hirsutism with excessive hair on face, body, upper lip, chin, neck, abdomen
* Thinning of the head hair or male pattern balding
* Acanthosis nigricans: discoloration or darkening of skin (may be in patches) around neck, groin, under arms, skin folds or skin tags (see later)
Insulin resistance
* Weight gain, especially around trunk (apple body shape or android body shape, especially after the age of 30 years)
* Dysglycemia
* Difficulty losing weight
* Family history of diabetes or menstrual irregularity
Obesity is found in 50% of patient with PCOS. (1,2,5) The body fat is usually located centrally around the trunk. A higher waist to hip ratio indicates an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. (1) Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome are commonly seen in PCOS patients and insulin resistance is now recognized as a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus type 2. Approximately one-third of obese PCOS patients have impaired glucose tolerance and up to 10% have diabetes mellitus type 2. (2) Acanthosis nigricans, a condition in which the vulva develops thickened, pigmented velvety lesions, is considered a marker of insulin resistance in women with hirsutism. These lesions can also be found on the nape of the neck, inner thigh and below the breast. Women with severe insulin resistance can develop HAIR-AR syndrome consisting of hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resistance (IR) and Acanthosis nigricans (AR). (1,2) These women will have elevated testosterone (> 150 ng/dL) and fasting insulin levels of greater than 25 [micro]IU/dL. Insulin alters steroidogenesis (independent of gonadal production) in PCOS, as insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors are located within the ovarian tissue. (2)
Associated with impaired glucose tolerance is the abnormal lipoprotein profile that can be seen commonly in patients with PCOS. The typical PCOS lipoprotein profile includes:
* Elevated total cholesterol
* Elevated triglycerides
* Elevated low density lipoproteins (LDL)
* Low high density lipoproteins (HDL)
* Low apoprotein A-1 (2)
The culmination of these factors leads to a marked elevation in cardiovascular risk for the PCOS patient. Another metabolic observation that puts these women at higher cardiovascular risk is the incidence of impaired fibrinolysis, shown by elevated circulating levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor. This is associated with atherosclerosis and hypertension. When these factors are combined, PCOS women are at much higher risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and exhibit a seven-fold risk of myocardial infarction. (2)
Recommended Naturopathic Hormonal Evaluation
* Salivary Adrenal Stress Index, including ACTH
* Salivary or serum expanded female hormonal panel, including testosterone and LH to FSH ratio
* Glucose tolerance test
* Thyroid panel
* Blood lipid profile
Typical Hormonal Disturbances Associated with PCOS Diagnosis include:
* LH is elevated while FSH is usually low at a ratio of 2:1
* Progesterone can be low
* Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is usually low
* Androgens such as testosterone and DHEA-S are usually elevated
Conventional Treatment Approaches
The conventional treatment for PCOS is dependent on the patient's desired goal of either menstrual regularity in order to achieve pregnancy, or menstrual regularity for contraception. Some women seek treatment for the removal of excessive male hair growth patterns, such as increased facial hair (common to women with PCOS and elevated androgens). Women are currently being treated according to their presenting clinical symptoms, including irregular menses, hirsutism and infertility. (1,2,5)
Irregular Menses
A combined oral contraceptive pill is commonly used to regulate the menses. By both increasing the levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and decreasing androgen secretion, this can reduce elevated free testosterone activity. The combined pill worsens insulin resistance and if the patient falls into the categories of being overweight or obese, this therapy is relatively contraindicated. (1,2)
Hirsutism is addressed with the administration of the anti-androgens cyproterone acetate or spironolactone. The action of these drugs is to inhibit the binding of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to the receptors at the hair follicle site. (6)
Clomiferine citrate is suggested to women with PCOS who are diagnosed with fertility challenges. This drug induces ovulation and does increase risk of multiple pregnancies. (6) It acts by inhibiting the estrogen negative feedback at the hypothalamus, thus enhancing the pituitary's production of FSH.
Other Pharmaceutical Medications
Other pharmaceutical medications which can be prescribed for PCOS include medroprogesterone acetate, gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonists, glucocorticoids, ketoconszole, flutamide, finasteride and metformin.
Overview of Botanical Protocol
Strong evidence supports the current hypothesis that the underlying cause of PCOS is due to insulin resistance (a decreased peripheral sensitivity to insulin), hence managing this aspect becomes the most important feature for the phytotherapist. The exact mechanisms for insulin resistance are not yet known within the conventional medical community, however the holistic practitioner finds that insulin resistance has a high correlation to a diet high in refined carbohydrates coupled with a poor adrenal glycemic counterbalance. As the HPA axis becomes weakened (as a result of chronic stress), insulin sensitivity becomes heightened, adversely affecting the ovaries and thyroid. Elevated insulin and insulin-like growth factor have an effect in stimulating androgen production from the adipose tissue, ovaries and adrenals. Under chronic stress, excess cortisol is produced from the adrenal glands, triggering the release of elevated levels of prolactin and a sympathetic nervous system response. (4) Prolactin has an inhibitory effect on the production of FSH and elevates the production of LH, worsening the scenario for women with PCOS. It is essential that the adrenals are well supported at a functional level with herbal adrenal tonics such as Glycyrrhiza glabra and supported by adaptogens such as Withania somnifera.
The first step in restoring ovarian function and a normal menstrual cycle in a PCOS patient is to break the pattern of hyperinsulinemia with a combination of diet and lifestyle strategies. Implementing a low refined carbohydrate diet and exercise is essential for a truly successful protocol.
Primary Herbs
Paeonia lactiflora (White peony)
Paeonia lactiflora has been used for gynecological conditions by both Chinese and Western herbalists, and is used by Western herbalists for PCOS, hyperprolactinemia, endometriosis, ovarian failure and androgen excess. Paeonia has been shown to positively influence low progesterone, reduce elevated androgens (testosterone) and acts to modulate estrogen and prolactin. (7) In vitro, the active constituent paeoniflorin has been shown to affect the ovarian follicle by its action on the aromatase enzyme. (8) Aromatase is important for follicle maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum function, steroid hormone synthesis and the regulation of the conversion of androgens to estrogens. The biofeedback in the pituitary and hypothalamus rely on aromatase to regulate prolactin and GnRH. The daily dose for Paeonia is 4.5 to 9 mL of a 1:2 dried plant extract. (9)
The traditional Chinese/Kanpo formula known as Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To or TJ-68, which is a decoction of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Paeonia lactiflora, has been the subject of a number of clinical trials, all of which demonstrate activity in the hormonal regulation of androgens. In one trial involving eight women with hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea, the formula was given for 2 to 8 weeks. This combination regulated the LH to FSH ratio. Over this period of time, serum testosterone levels decreased to less than 50 ng/dL and this resulted in seven of the eight women ovulating regularly. (10)
Another trial involved 20 women diagnosed with PCOS. The formula was successful in lowering testosterone in 90% of the women, of which 25% went on to conceive. (11) It is suggested that it acts directly on the ovary, increasing the activity of aromatase, which promotes the synthesis of estradiol from testosterone, thus lowering serum testosterone levels. It also seems to regulate the LH to FSH ratio. (12)
Gymnema sylvestre (Gymnema)
Gymnema is a traditional Ayurvedic herb used as an antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, lipid lowering agent and to support weight reduction. Gymnema possibly has a trophorestorative action of the beta cells of the pancreas. (13) The plant part used as medicine is the leaf. Gymnema is well indicated for PCOS, due to its insulin modulating activity and the added benefits of reducing the elevated triglycerides associated with PCOS. Key constituents of Gymnema include saponins, especially the gymnemic acids. Gymnemic acid suppresses the sweet taste on the taste buds, so if taken before food masks the sweet sensation. Gymnema has demonstrated hypoglycemic activity in experimental models of diabetes and regulated blood sugar in hyperglycemia. The mechanism of action also includes the inhibition of glucose absorption in the intestine. The daily dose of Gymnema is 3.5 to 11 mL of 1:1 liquid extract. (9,14) Since conventional medical models are focussing on pharmaceutical agents such as metformin to control PCOS, Gymnema may prove to be one of the most significant herbs in the treatment of the underlying factor of insulin resistance.
Tribulus terrestris (Tribulus)
Tribulus is an endemic weed to many regions of the world, such as the Mediterranean, India, China, South Africa and Australia and is commonly known as puncture vine. The aerial parts, particularly the leaf, are used for medicinal purposes in the Western tradition. As a result of Bulgarian research, Tribulus has become a popular herb for the treatment of female and male endocrine disorders. (15) It acts as a general tonic, aphrodisiac, estrogen modulator and androgen modulator and is used to restore vitality, libido and reduce the physiological effects of stress. (9,11)
The Bulgarian research has identified a unique steroidal saponin class known as furostanol saponins, and extracts are standardized to contain at least 45% of these saponins, calculated as protodioscin. The leaf is noted to be higher in these unique saponins rather than the fruit or root. Other active constituents include phytosterols and spirostanol glycosides.
The tonic activities of Tribulus have been shown to act by intensifying protein synthesis and enhancing the activity of enzymes associated with energy metabolism. It increased iron absorption from the small intestines and inhibited lipid peroxidation during stress. This leads to more muscle strength and improved endurance and stamina. (9)
To ensure the desired clinical results, it is recommended to use only the Bulgarian grown Tribulus standardized to 40% furostanol saponins. It is not interchangeable with the Chinese or Indian Tribulus. The daily dose of Tribulus corresponds to extracts containing furostanol saponins as protodioscin at 300 mg to 400 mg per day. In PCOS it is best used on days 5 to 14 of the menstrual cycle to restore menstrual regularity. For more information on Tribulus, see the forthcoming review which will be published in next months Townsend Letter.
Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste tree)
Vitex beneficial for ovulatory factors associated with PCOS, in particular it has been shown to downregulate the production of excess prolactin, a condition known as hyperprolactinemia. (16) Vitex is also postulated as having antiandrogenic properties. (16) Hyperprolactinemia is related to adrenal stress and hyperinsulinemia in PCOS. It is well documented that the active constituents in Vitex demonstrate a dopaminergic activity and dopamine inhibits the production of prolactin. The dopaminergic compounds in Vitex have been identified as the diterpene, including rotundifuran and 6[beta], 7[beta]-diacetoxy-13-hydroxy-labda-8, 14-diene. However, recent research is pointing to other phytochemicals which may have this activity. (17) Other constituents of Vitex include essential oils, flavonoids (such as casticin) and iridoid glycosides (including aucubin and agnuside). (9,14)
Hyperprolactinemia, or the more subtle condition of latent hyperprolactinemia, are amongst the most frequent causes for cyclical disorders, including corpus luteal insufficiency. This can lead to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and progesterone deficiency, secondary amenorrhea and premenstrual mastalgia. (18) In an uncontrolled study, Vitex reduced elevated prolactin levels in 80% of 34 women with hyperprolactinemia at a dosage of 30 to 40 mg per day for 1 month and improved symptoms of a variety of menstrual disorders, including secondary amenorrhoea, cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium, deficient corpus luteum function, metrorrhagia, polymenorrhea and oligomenorrhea. (9)
Vitex reduced the thyroxin releasing hormone (TRH)-induced prolactin release (essentially a pituitary-thyroid axis problem), normalized shortened luteal phases, corrected luteal phase progesterone deficiencies and reduced PMS symptoms in women with luteal phase defects due to latent hyperprolactinemia. (9)
Vitex should be considered first line botanical therapy for hyperprolactinemia and given for the duration of at least 3 to 6 months. In herbal writings Vitex is often attributed to increasing LH, which is not desirable in PCOS. However, clinical experience has shown that it is valuable in PCOS, especially when combined with other herbs, probably because of its action in reducing prolactin. The daily dose of Vitex to is 1 to 4 mL of a 1:2 dried plant tincture or 500 to 1000 mg of dried berries daily. (9) It is best taken as a single dose in the morning. (9) In PCOS it is best combined with Tribulus and Paeonia.
Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue cohosh)
Caulophyllum thalictroides is known by the common name of blue cohosh and is native to North America. Within traditional use among the Native North Americans it was used by women as a remedy for amenorrhea and profuse menstruation, both of which are common features of PCOS. It is particularly useful to being on the menses in PCOS. It has action as a uterine and ovarian tonic and pelvic anti-inflammatory. The known constituents of Caulophyllum root include glycosides, caulosaponin and caulophyllosaponin, which are known to stimulate the uterus. Other identified constituents include N-methylcystine, taspine and thalictroidine. (9) The daily dose is 1.5 to 3 mL of 1:2 dried plant extract. (9)
Sample PCOS Formula
Vitex agnus-castus 1:2 12.5 mL
Glycyrrhiza glabra 1:1 12.5 mL
Paeonia lactiflora 1:2 25 mL
Gymnema sylvestre 1:1 25 mL
Schisandra chinensis 1:2 25 mL
Dose: 15 mL per day or 5 mL three times daily 100 mL
In a case of a PCOS patient with amenorrhea, include Caulophyllum thalictroides at a dose of 2 mL per day to help induce the menses.
When a cycle has been initiated, change to Tribulus concentrated extract, equivalent to furostanol saponins (as protodioscin) 300 to 400 mg per day on days 5 to 14 of the cycle to ensure cyclic regularity.
Dietary Modification
A review of the extensive literature specific to lifestyle factors in PCOS demonstrates that an essential treatment strategy for ameliorating the symptoms of PCOS and resolving the underlying metabolic derangements is the implementation of a low carbohydrate diet. This will tightly control blood sugar levels and resultant insulin production. High levels of insulin result in high levels of triglycerides and low levels of high density lipoproteins, which puts these patients into a high cardiovascular disease risk category. Modulating the diet not only helps the female endocrine cycle, but also serves as preventative medicine against these cardiovascular risk factors. As the insulin levels normalize, this will also improve circulating levels of SHBG, therefore limiting the problematic effects of free androgens on the menstrual cycle. (2,6)
Women with PCOS are urged to lose 5 to 10% body weight using a moderate protein, low refined carbohydrate diet. When this approach was taken in one clinical trial, 10 of the 11 subjects resumed a normal cycle within 10.5 months. (2) In a similar study, such weight loss restored ovulation in 60 out of 67 previously anovulatory women. (3) The dietary profile should include approximately 30% good quality fats, 40% protein and 30% complex carbohydrates. (1,2,19) Literature suggests establishing an energy efficient diet of 1000 to 1500 kcal per day. It is recommended to avoid alcohol, caffeine, smoking and psychosocial stressors. Gymnema is helpful in reducing carbohydrate and sugar cravings, and therefore improving compliance with dietary changes. (9)
Implementing an exercise regime of approximately 30 minutes per day will assist weight loss and improve the endocrine regulation of stress.
Case History
Female patient aged 34 presented with irregular menses and was considering attempting to become pregnant. She had been diagnosed with PCOS for the past 2 years. Up until 6 months prior to her consultation, she had taken the oral contraceptive in combination with Levoxyl, but suffered side effects of heightened emotional lability from these drugs.
Her menstrual cycle varied in length anywhere from 50 to 70 days and she experienced mid-abdominal cramping for 24 hours prior to the onset of her menses. The flow was medium to light and lasted for 4 to 5 days, dark red in color, starting with brown spotting for 12 to 18 hours. She had occasional menstrual clots, stringy and lumpy in nature.
Her skin was badly affected by the PCOS and she experienced painful, deep cystic acne on her face, chest and back, which was worse for up to a week before the onset of each period. She had taken two courses of isotretinoin (Accutane) within the past 5 years and regularly used a tetracycline for treatment of her acne. Breast tenderness was an uncomfortable premenstrual feature.
She had gained 23 pounds over the past 3 years, which she had difficulty losing, despite exercise on a regular basis. She did however eat a high carbohydrate diet and craved sugar intensely.
She was a shift worker in a high stress and responsibility occupation and fatigue was a daily experience.
She was taking prescribed thyroid hormone (thyroxine) for Hashimoto's thyroiditis, diagnosed 4 years prior. At the same time she was diagnosed as having secondary osteoporosis. Recent evaluation showed her spinal density indicated osteopenia, her femoral density indicated osteoporosis and total hip density indicated severe osteopenia.
Additional Assessment
Hormonal evaluation showed a typical pattern of a 2:1 LH to FSH ratio, with elevated testosterone and hyperlipidemia.
Treatment Protocol
Vitex agnus-castus 1:2 12.5 mL
Glycyrrhiza glabra 1:1 12.5 mL
Paeonia lactiflora 1:2 20 mL
Gymnema sylvestre 1:1 20 mL
Echinacea spp. root 1:2 10 mL
Schisandra chinensis 1:2 20 mL
Dose: 8 mL twice daily 100 mL
* Tribulus concentrated extract, equivalent to furostanol saponins (as protodioscin) 300 to 400 mg per day on days 5 to 14 of the cycle to ensure cyclic regularity.
* Fucus vesiculosus 1:1, 10 mL twice daily.
Vitex agnus-castus was indicated for the hormonal imbalance and hyperprolactinemia, often resulting in the symptom of premenstrual breast tenderness. A combination of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Paeonia lactiflora were included into the formula to mimic the synergy of these plants in TJ-68 to reduce elevated testosterone and induce ovulation. Gymnema sylvestre was included in the formula to treat the insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia and assist with reducing associated carbohydrate cravings. Echinacea spp. root was an important inclusion for the autoimmune mediated hypothyroid condition. Echinacea serves as an immune modulator in this case. Schisandra chinensis was included in the formula to provide liver support, in particular to improve the liver's ability to conjugate sex hormones, and assist in reducing the circulating levels of testosterone and estrogen. Tribulus was selected to ensure a healthy follicular phase of the cycle and as an androgen modulator. Fucus vesiculosus was indicated for thyroid support as a plant source of iodine and is traditionally recommended by herbalists to assist with weight loss associated with hypothyroidism.
After 5 months on the herbal protocol, the patient's cycle had regulated to a 32 day cycle, with a consistent 15 day follicular phase and a 17 day luteal phase. Problematic symptoms such as mastalgia, acne and hirsutism diminished significantly during the 5 month program. The lipid profile has improved to within normal ranges, and with the inclusion of the combined regimen of Gymnema, dietary modification (low carbohydrate diet) and exercise, she lost a total of 12% body weight in the 5 months. She went on to begin a full preconception health care program and became pregnant in her second month.
1. D'Hooghe TM, Hill J: Novak's Gynecology, Infertility, Philadelphia, 2002, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2. Hopkinson Z, Satar N, Fleming R, Greer A: Polycystic ovarian syndrome: the metabolic syndrome comes to gynaecology, BMJ, 317, 329-332, 1998.
3. Visnova H, Ventruba P, Crha I, Zanova J: Importance of sensitization of insulin receptors in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Cesca Gynekol, 68, 3, 155-62, 2003.
4. Lara HE, Ferruz LJ, Luza S, et al: Activation of ovarian sympathetic nerves in polycystic ovarian syndrome, Endocrinology, 133, 2690-2695, 1993.
5. Stenchever MA et al: Comprehensive Gynecology 4th ed, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, St Louis, 2001, Mosby.
6. Sweetman S: The Complete Drug Reference (Extra Pharmacopoeia-Martindale). 33rd ed, Cloth, 2002, Pharmaceutical Press.
7. Trickey R: Women, Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle, Sydney, 1998, Allen and Unwin.
8. Ota H, Fukishima M. Stimulation by Kanpo prescriptions of aromatase activity in rat follicle cell cultures. Recent advances in the Pharmacology of Kanpo (Japanese herbal) Medicines, Amsterdam, 1998, Excerpta Medicine.
9. Bone K: A Clinical Guide to Blending Liquid Herbs: Herbal Formulations for the Individual Patient, 1st ed, St. Louis, 2003, Churchill Livingstone.
10. Yaginuma T, Izumi R, Yasui H, Arai T et al: Effects of traditional herbal medicines on serum testosterone levels and its induction of regular ovulation in hyperandrogenic and oligomenorrheic women (author's transl), Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi, 34, 7, 939-44, 1998.
11. Takahashi K, Yoshino K, Shirai T, Nishigaki A, et al: Effects of traditional medicine (Shakuyaku-kanzo-to) on testosterone secretion in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome detected by ultrasound, Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi, 40, 6, 789-96, 1988.
12. Takahashi K, Kitao M: Effects of TJ-68 (shakuyaku-kanzo-to) on polycystic ovarian disease, Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud, 39, 2, 69-76, 1994.
13. Bone K: Clinical Applications of Ayurvedic and Chinese Herbs, Warwick, 1996, Phytotherapy Press.
14. Merrily A, Winston D: Herbal Therapy & Supplements, Philadelphia, 2002, Lippencott.
15. Bone K: Tribulus terrestris, MediHerb Professional Review, 76, 2001.
16. Mills S, Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine. Edinburgh, 2000, Churchill Livingstone.
17. Wuttke W, Jarry H, Christoffel V, Spengler B, Seidlova-Wuttke D: Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus)--pharmacology and clinical indications. Phytomedicine 10, 4, 348-57, 2003.
18. De Cherney AH, Nathan L: Current Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diagnosis and Treatment 9th edition, Infertility, New York, 2003, Mc Graw-Hill.
19. Glueck CJ, Papanna R, Wang P, Goldenburg N et al: Incidence and treatment of metabolic syndrome in newly referred women with confirmed polycyctic ovarian syndrome, Metabolism, 52, 7, 908-15, 2003.
by Angela Hywood, ND and Kerry Bone, FNIMH, FNHAA
P.O. Box 713 * Warwick QLD 4370, Australia
+61 7 4661 0700 * Fax +61 7 46610788 * www.mediherb.com
FNIMH = Fellow, National Institute of Medical Herbalists (UK)
FNHAA = Fellow, National Herbalists Association of Australia
COPYRIGHT 2004 The Townsend Letter Group
COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group
Source: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ISW/is_256/ai_n6258842/print
The Following 11 Users Say Thank You to KatCarney For This Useful Post:
bmuchler (06-16-2011),CraftasaurusRex (08-03-2013),Faery Chaos (10-24-2011),h2huma (12-16-2011),msm3 (08-12-2012),Ph1607 (02-08-2014),Praying4aPCOScure (03-29-2011),Rannastar (08-06-2014),Rashi J (06-20-2011),StephanieLyn (11-22-2011),vinogradovh (12-02-2012)
Thank you so much for posting this article!!!
I never noticed Gymnema before. Here is some short info I found just at http://www.pennherb.com:
************************************************** ************************************************** ****
Gymnema came to be known as "sugar destroyer" after Ayurvedic physicians observed that chewing a few leaves from this herb suppressed the sweet taste of sugar. It is currently being used with much success by many with blood sugar & carb concerns.
Interestingly, some people note that after drinking a cup of Gymnema tea or extract, they're not able to taste the sugar, or it makes sweet things taste bitter for up to 2 hours. Modern research has confirmed that the active ingredient of the herb blocks sugar absorption into the body. Further clinical studies published in India also indicates that an extract not only lowers blood sugar, but may help repair damaged cells in the pancreas- the gland in which insulin is produced- thereby improving insulin production.
The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to kittykay For This Useful Post:
h2huma (12-16-2011),Praying4aPCOScure (03-29-2011)
natural therapy
Hi Kat
I loved this article and it looks so promising.
I am undergoing ayurvedic treatment right now..but i have no idea whats happening for the past 2 months and also i cant afford it anymore coz the doc asks to take panchkarma massage which costs 120$ per session.I took 2 of them and hough its relaxing and feels good I cant really afford it anymore. Besides He gave me a prementrual tablet to take 10 days before menses in order to regulate periods. I had a question for him and was not sure whether i should trust him anymore. I wanted to know how i could take this tab when i didnt even know what day of the cycle i am in!!!
And then he starts asking me weird questions which made me feel that he is not very clear about the womens cycle.
I started going to this doc coz my gynac referred me to him or she said take birth control pills!!!
Reading this article make me wonder whether i should start taking these medicines. Or better still if you could tell which doctor or clinic these consultaions are available then ic an start on something that would work. I just want my periods to regularize i know that would solve all other side effects.
thanks for your help in advance.Diagnosed PCOS in November 2004
me-29 dh-32
MC in May 2003
Does anyone know where I could begin to look for a center/practicioner of natural medicine that could start me on a similar treatment as mentioned in the document, or where I could obtain the herbs?
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I think SurrenderedCyster is seeing one in Cali. you might want to PM her.
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Very interesting article. I keep trying to find an herbal medication that has been shown to be an anti androgen that doesn't have negative effects on pregnancy. Thank you for the information Kat!
Kristina (28), Dustin (29), Ani Rose (7) & Aerilyn Gael Two angel babies: 16wks 10/08 & 9wks 03/09
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Ani Rose born 3/21/03. The best big sis ever!
Thank you so much for posting this.
This thread is just too good!
Thank you for posting this. This was VERY interesting. I'm curious if a local supplements store would house these herbs.
Thank you. I enjoyed reading this.Me 32 Hidden Content DH 33
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Dx: pco, endometriosis, bp
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there is hope
information is good, no matter how old it is!
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Thanks a lot for the information....Faith34Hidden Content
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Wow! This is fabulous. Marking my place, because I'll want to see this again.symptoms since 1986
Dx May 2001
Metformin 1500mg
SB diet since 1/29/08, starting weight 160
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- Oct 2007
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marking my place.
Does anyone know where to find these and if after you become pregnant if you should continue to take them?
Thanks!Hidden Content
Me (33) DH (40)
DisneyNuts! We're crazy in love with the Mouse and probably need therapy. Hidden Content
ttc#1 for 6 years. Met 2000 mg
Started seeing RE oct 2012, Bad clomid side effects, started Femara.
BFP (April 19, 2012) on third cycle of Femara!
Hidden Content
Hi all,
I am thinking about adding clomid to my list. I currently take Vitex, NPC, B6 and GTF Chromium. Can anyone tell me if its okay to add clomid and if I should stop taking the Vitex when I do the clomid? Has anyone added Clomid while taking herbs? Would love some advice!!Hidden Content Nekke W.


text:
Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, a staunch ally of Damascus, has denied that his group received chemical weapons from Syria.
Last month, members of the opposition Syrian National Coalition group accused President Bashar al-Assad of transferring chemical weapons to the Lebanese Shia group to avoid inspection after agreeing to put them under international control.
"This accusation is truly laughable," Nasrallah said on Monday in a televised speech.
"We understand the dimensions and background of these accusations, and these have dangerous consequences for Lebanon.
Syria has agreed to give up its chemical weapons under a plan agreed by the United States and Russia after Western powers blamed Assad's government for a chemical attack that killed hundreds of people in a Damascus suburb last month.
Israel's commander on the frontier with Syria, Major-General Yair Golan, said this month that Hezbollah sought precision ground-to-ground rockets, anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles from Syria in return for helping Assad, but "as far as we can tell" it did not want his chemical weapons.
Nasrallah urged supporters of Syrian rebel forces to "review their positions" and back a political settlement.
The intervention of Hezbollah fighters in Syria has raised fears among some Lebanese that the small Mediterranean country could become engulfed by its much larger neighbour's conflict, which has killed over 100,000 people.
Rocket and bomb attacks have hit Hezbollah strongholds in the Bekaa Valley and in the capital - a car bomb killed at least 22 people in southern Beirut last month.
Nasrallah accused a radical Sunni group "working in the framework of the Syrian opposition" of carrying out the attack. He said the group had Lebanese and Syrian members but did not name it.
Earlier on Monday, Lebanese security forces replaced Hezbollah forces at checkpoints in the southern suburb which the group had set up after the car bomb.
Nasrallah said the group welcomed the deployment of the security forces and urged residents to cooperate with them.
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text:
Saturday, December 27, 2014
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Last year a large number of crows settled in Rochester trees and bushes causing quite a mess. Now, it looks like they have started to return after extensive efforts by the city to get rid of them. After a number of complaints last year, the Rochester City council approved $21,000 for the US Department of Agriculture to try spotlights, crow distress calls and pyrotechnics to remove the crows.
They began the five-day process in February and said many of the crows were gone. Rochester Mayor, Tom Richards says the city will not put in an effort to get rid of them, unless they start to become a problem.
Richards said, "You know every time the crows show up we can't start a major effort, but if they stick around and cause the same kind of nuisance they did before, yes, we'll do something about it.
Last year the USDA estimated 20,000 crows were roosting in areas of Rochester along the Genesee River.
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Update : Aug. 21, 2013
[Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc.]
The Tokyo Stock Exchange has been calculating and publishing the TOPIX Total Return Index since February 1999 as a benchmark. In response to the market demands of capturing the Net Total Return Indices which are calculated in consideration of tax on dividends, the Tokyo Stock Exchange will begin calculating and publishing the "TOPIX Net Total Return Index" and "TOPIX Net Total Return Currency Hedged Index".
|Index name
|TOPIX Net Total Return Index
|Calculation Method
free-float adjusted market capitalization-weighted
Please see the Tokyo Stock Exchange Index Guidebook for details:
Calculation Method
※The tax rate used in the calculation is the withholdings tax rate (excluding the local taxes) applicable to dividends of listed stocks, assuming non-residents who do not benefit from tax treaties.
|Projected Launch Date
|September 2, 2013
|Base Date/Base Value
|January 4, 1989 / 2375.3 points
|Index name
TOPIX Net Total Return Euro Hedged Index
TOPIX Net Total Return US Dollar Hedged Index
TOPIX Net Total Return Pound Hedged Index
|Calculation Method
Please see the Tokyo Stock Exchange Currency Hedged Index Guidebook for details:
Calculation Method
|Projected Launch Date
|September 2, 2013
|Base Date/Base Value
|August 31, 2005 / 1426.88 points
Index values are available on a fee basis. In addition, a license is required to use this index for the purpose of composing various financial products or a third party delivery. For more details, please contact the following e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com
Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc. Information Services Dept.


text:
Shellfishing to resume Saturday, Jan. 12
About two weeks after a sewer leak closed the Great Salt Pond to shellfishing as a precaution, the pond will reopen Saturday, January 12.
Harbormaster Steve Land said that samples were submitted to the state Department of Environmental Management, and the test results on January 11 were "spectacular... the numbers were incredibly low."
Many years ago the town blamed all the cottage owners for their leaking septic systems, which had to be upgraded. The town even hired a geographic information system intern and expert to find them all, some homeowners were fines, and so forth. Now it seems that it was the town's sewer system that was leaking the whole time. Sure there may have been some leaky old septic systems, but reading from afar, the repetition of leaks over the years and most recently speaks volumes to me. It seems like Block Island needs to hire the company with big trucks that use cables and hoses to inspect all those pipes. You might be surprised, our little coastal town did that and found crushed pipes that were so old they were made of clay. I wish the town luck and hope that the lines can be inspected and repaired before Memorial Day.
I'm with Sam.
Gilbert Wells
Azenhas do Mar, Portugal


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Now that temperatures have officially plunged, it's time to break out your winter fashion items -- including coats! But before you automatically grab a typical heavy duty trench coat or peacoat, take a look at these five fab and different styled coats for this winter.
It has become a fashion reflex to practically always opt for a peacoat during wintertime but as much as I love the classic peacoat look, it's always fun to try out new styles. Here are five alternative styles for winter jackets that you can try this season.
ASHLEY Varsity Womens Hoodie, $29.99 from Tilly's
1. Varsity jackets. Varsity jackets are making a big comeback so if you're looking for something comfortable and casual, varsity jackets are the way to go! If you wonder how to wear a varsity you can check out this great ensemble by Fashion Chalet.
Funnel-Neck Cape Coat, $39.99 from Charlotte Russe
2. Capes. You don't have to necessarily go to Hogwarts in order to wear a cape! Capes are adorable and can add a feminine chic element to your winter ensemble.
Dollhouse Jacket, Long Sleeve Notched Collar Blazer, $34.99 from Macy's
3. Equestrian style jackets. Although these jackets are originally for horseback riders, you can work it into a polished preppy look with knee high boots and pants.
Jessica London Plus Size Faux Fur Vest, from Amazon
4. Faux fur vests. Faux fur jackets can appear bulky so instead you can opt for a fur vest that will still keep you warm but without the unwanted extra material.
light beige faux leather zip front jacket, $84.00 from Bluefly
5. Leather jackets. Leather jackets are a classic and are very versatile. You can wear leather jackets with a tomboyish feel by pairing them with combat boots, or toughen up a girly look by layering it on a floral print or chiffon shirt.
Which style coat will you wear this winter? What styles did I forget?


text:
Mechanical Engineer
Former Nissan & BMW Salesman
The whole museum is awesome, but when you first walk in and the SR-71 is below you, that's really awesome.
I might go there too!
Was the door on this Beryl Green SPG dented in a bit or no?
I think I will have my 85 SPG down and bring it out in a few weeks.
large turnout today. saw lots of VWs take up a row along the upper side lot
took some pics, i'll throw them up here tomorrow.
Last edited by mhjett; 05-25-2012 at 10:11 AM.
Posting some Instagram pics from my Saturday beginning @C&C, followed by a visit to Udvar-Hazy & AllSports Grand Prix.
Thanks again to all & your suggestions for an unforgettable morning. I recommend this trifecta to all of you.
Unfortunately no pics from AllSports but WOW. $25 'Arrive & Drive' got us 18 laps.. took no more than 10 minutes but what a freaking rush. If you want a mini-class on RWD handling dynamics look no further. You can literally drift these karts around turns and it will give you a chance to learn what it's like to try and corner cleanly in a tail-happy machine. Tap the brakes, turn-in, clip the apex, back on the gas, and try not to lose the arse. I'm glad it's so far away from my home, because I'd go broke if it were any closer.
Last edited by hotshoe32; 05-21-2012 at 01:18 PM.
Mechanical Engineer
Former Nissan & BMW Salesman
Is this happening this weekend?
yes it is. if i'm up for it, i'll swing by. the weather may be hit or miss and will definitely be hot. that might turn away most of the older cars that would generally make an appearance.
Cool, going to try and make my way out. Wasn't sure with the holiday weekend.
I figure I'll roll out in the Bunny before it gets too hot. That car gets a bit hot inside once it's over 80 degrees or so. Reminds me I have some roadkill that I need to get off the duckbill that I found on there. GAG....
Thanks for the info, maybe I will see you out there.
I'm out for this weekend.
Want to find out where the current Free driving events are being held? Have one to add to the list? Click here!
Udvar-Hazy never gets old. You can get an amazing photo of the SR-71 right when you enter.
I might be there this weekend if weather permits. looks good so far though.
anyone else coming out?
I'll be there. Getting up early to make the drive from SoMD.
I'm here... Just late lol
Saw quite a few VW's floating around. There were so many people it was insane. Some great cars, but this was the first show I hate to say that there were a LOT of douchebags out. I've developed a real "hatred" towards this one blue M5 that felt the need to block two parking spaces on the side to display his car that everyone I've spoken to know that he's a PITA. Parking is getting REALLY tight b/c of the bank and the farmers market. Not sure how much longer it's going to last at this location after this season.
Still.. highlight for me was a 993 CS(a real one from what I could tell). Car had 31k on it was just amazing. Me want!!!
Rabbit was happy to have a little bit of an airing out on the way back home. Time for me to do some work on the fuel system though. She's getting a bit rough at idle. ACK... my work is never done.
Also, the black NSX that was close to the gulf themed GT only had 29k miles on it! And it was the first generation!
How often do you see a car that makes the GTR look fat and unattractive?
The Mazda MX5, the S4 and and the e92 m3... Do you really think you belong in the front row?
I hate how youtube takes forever to process videos


text:
Home Health Care Hillsborough, NJ 08844
Home Health Care in Hillsborough, NJ can be categorized as either private duty (home care) or Medicare certified (home health). Private duty home care includes personal care and help with everyday activites, while Medicare certified home health care ranges fom skilled nursing to physical / occupational therapy.
Choose a tab below to compare home care agencies in Hillsborough, NJ. Feel free to contact agencies by phone, or request a follow up. Caregivers and health care professionals in
Hillsborough, NJ will work together to establish the best plan of care for your loved one.
Share this list with a relative or friend.
Hillsborough, NJ ( 9 miles)
Comfort Keepers is a leading provider of in-home care services. Our expert caregivers provide customized care plans that may include personal care and companionship-homemaker services. We help seniors and other adults live independent,...
Hillsborough, NJ (10 miles)
HELPERS HOME CARE AGENCY is located in Franklin Township in the village of Somerset, New Jersey. Our agency offers a non medical home care service to seniors and disables at the familiar comfort of their own homes. We are licensed...
Hillsborough, NJ (13 miles)
Kari Care Home-Health Services values every patient`s overall wellness. Our goal is to include you in all planning and to improve quality of life by tailoring our services to you. Expect to be treated well by polite, highly-trained...
Hillsborough, NJ (13 miles)
At Health and Comfort Home Care agency Inc., we have a highly qualified team of Certified Home Health Aides who are committed to providing each patient both physical and emotional support. We also provide assistance with daily living...
Hillsborough, NJ (13 miles)
We are a full service home care agency committed to providing dependable, quality care to the community. Our entire team is passionate about assisting individuals and families in leading independent and dignified lifestyles...
Hillsborough, NJ (16 miles)
Caring Angels In Home Care`s Mission, is: To Improve the Quality of Life and Level of Independence for every client and family receiving our services. We are dedicated to helping you or your loved one live an enhanced lifestyle...
Hillsborough, NJ (18 miles)
PATRIARCH health care professionals include: • Registered nurses • Licensed practical nurses • Pediatric nurses • Physical therapists • Occupational therapists • Speech language pathologists • Home health aides • Hospice...
Hillsborough, NJ (19 miles)
Our mission to help seniors and disable people to maintain comfortable and value life in their own home as well as in the senior housing, assisted living facility and possible in the hospitals. Our caring team of Certified Home Health...
Hillsborough, NJ (19 miles)
Our GreatCare® method addresses the three most important areas of concern; quality caregivers, care solutions and active involvement. For over two decades Caring Senior Service has set the standard for senior home care services such...
Hillsborough, NJ (19 miles)
Liberty Healthcare Services is a full service home healthcare and supplemental staffing agency founded on a commitment to delivering dependable, quality healthcare to the community enabling each individual to thrive while receiving...
Hillsborough, NJ (22 miles)
Since 1996, Health Force has been helping people live safely at home as long as possible while maintaining their independence and dignity. Accredited by CAHC and earning the highest designation of ``Full Accreditation with Distinction``...
Hillsborough, NJ (22 miles)
There is no place like home. When providing care for you or your loved ones we know there is nothing more comforting knowing they will be taken care of in the comfort of their own home. As low as $66.00 per day* (some conditions...
Hillsborough, NJ (23 miles)
Amada Senior Care specializes in providing home care and assisted living placement services for seniors. Amada`s home care division assists seniors to find caregivers that will come into the seniors homes and provide assistance...
Hillsborough, NJ (26 miles)
Best Modern Care mission is providing superior, cost-effective, quality compassionate care to our clients. The care we provide enables our clients to live as much independence and dignity as their condition permits, providing piece...
Hillsborough, NJ (26 miles)
Hillsborough, NJ (28 miles)
Our experienced, compassionate and dependable caregivers provide our clients with loving care and assistance to help make their lives easier and to retain their independence, while providing their families with the peace of mind that...
Hillsborough, NJ (28 miles)
Assisting Hands Home Care is a community based agency that provides an important resource to relieve the burden of family caregivers and see that you and your family members remain comfortable in your own home. In addition, we provide...
Hillsborough, NJ (30 miles)
We offer quality Home Care Services at Competitive Rates while our Goal is to help our clients achieve the best quality of life possible.We understand that one solution does not fit every situations,so we take the time to listen...
Hillsborough, NJ (31 miles)
We provide hands on care for client, but will provide companionship, offer encouragement and perform light housekeeping tasks including but not limited to;taking the client to appointments. Running errands such as grocery shopping,...
Hillsborough, NJ (33 miles)
CHAS Home Care provides affordable in-home care services including meal preparation, medication reminders, light housekeeping, bathing/dressing, doctors appointments, etc. Our Services can be one time, ongoing, hourly, daily,...
Hillsborough, NJ (33 miles)
Proudly serving New Jersey families for over 34 years, Home & Hospital Medical Personnel provides home health care and skilled nursing services. A nurse owned, Joint Commission Accredited agency, Home & Hospital is dedicated to...
465 south street
morristown, NJ 08844
Provider Number: 317054 (1966)
110 west end avenue
somerville, NJ 08844
Provider Number: 317023 (1966)
354 union avenue
elizabeth, NJ 08844
Provider Number: 317020 (1968)
100 walnut avenue
clark, NJ 08844
Provider Number: 317059 (1975)
88 princeton heightstown road
west windsor, NJ 08844
Provider Number: 317045 (1967)
972 shoppes boulevard
north brunswick, NJ 08844
Provider Number: 317079 (1986)
1100 wayside road
tinton falls, NJ 08844
Provider Number: 317021 (1966)
200 mt airy road
basking ridge, NJ 08844
Provider Number: 317001 (1966)
Cost of Home Care
Hillsborough, NJ
Home Health Aide Cost Per Hour
Hillsborough, NJ
Homemaker Cost Per Hour


text:
*Includes 4c/p Digital print on 12 oz Smooth Saturn Vinyl installed into hardware. Pricing includes PDF proof with supplied artwork.
Home View Cart How To Order People At PAC Contact Us Upload A File Catalog Wholesale Site Map
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Metal Signs
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Stock Items:
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General Shapes by Shapeman
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text:
Dr. Tagavilla has two offices in Washington.
Specializing in the field of OBGYN / Obstetrics & Gynecology, Dr. Tagavilla is prepared to provide comprehensive care for the reproductive system in women. Obstetrics is the term for women's care during the prenatal and pregnant states, while gynecology covers care for general women's health in a non-pregnant state.
Dr. Tagavilla works with five doctors including Dr. Blanca Belskus and Dr. Christina King.
Provides care for the female reproductive system in both the pregnant (obstetrics) and non-pregnant (gynecology) states.


text:
148Apps Review SummaryOur Rating: :: FUN DISTRACTION :: Read Our Full Review >>
Bust a Marble is a game we might have seen before but it's one that's still a heck of a lot of fun even if it is a little limited.
What's NewThis update includes a fix for the broken menu for those who have purchased the add-on. Thanks for letting us know about this - the fix is on its way! :)
App DescriptionBust groups of colorful marbles with a satisfying CRUNCH in this fast-paced puzzle game. Rated in the TOP 10 Games in 60+ countries, November 2010 and March 2011!!!
"It's just good, frantic fun..." - 148Apps
Drag your finger to connect long strings of like-colored marbles to remove them from the board and meet the score goal before the time runs out. Plus, get awesome power-ups by including bonus marbles in your marble groups! Even more intuitive than standard "match 3" type games, this fun puzzler was designed specifically for the touch screen capabilities of iOS devices.
Bust A Marble features 20 levels of high-energy play with a dazzling array of colored marbles that increase the difficulty of game play. Advanced special effects such as lightning zaps, explosions, fire, realistic sound effects, vocal feedback, and groovin' techno music create a full gaming experience that you won't want to miss.
Earn special Achievements in Game Center and compare your awesome high score to your friends' scores!
This will soon be your favorite game!
✭ Game Center integration with Achievements
✭ Easy to learn, challenging to master
✭ 20 levels of gameplay
✭ Awesome graphics, music, and sound effects
✭ Bonus marbles for strategic game play
✭ In-game tutorial and tips
✭ Settings for music, sound effects, and vocal effects
✭ IAP for premium ad-free version with ability to select starting level
Other popular games by Fairlady Media Inc:
For everyone:
Spazzle, Spazzle II, and Spazzle Gold (critter-whacking fun!)
Stinky Socks (hilarious laundry-sorting mayhem)
Puzzle Sleuth (find the missing puzzle piece in beautiful photos)
Take Wing (a butterfly-catching zen-gaming experience!)
Lexitect (word-building fun, better than Scrabble!)
Ghosts! (find and zap the ghosts before they invade your house!)
For kids:
Whizzit Counting (a super-fun counting game for preschoolers)
Whizzit Words (word-building fun for kids 3-6)
Whizzit Candy Blast (kids blast the candies in lollipop land)
Whizzit Number Doors for iPad (toddlers open numbered doors to find surprises)
Grandma's Garden (dancing Granny teaches preK skills)
App Changes
June 02, 2012 New version 2.4
May 18, 2012 New version 2.3
June 25, 2011 New version 2.2
June 15, 2011 New version 2.1
June 09, 2011 New version 2.0
November 22, 2010 Initial Release


text:
So many new things to work with.........
Find a Conversation
|Thu, 12-19-2013 - 1:00pm
The african tulip tree has nifty little pods (?) attached to the base of the beautiful flower....and the tree produces boat like seed pods that dry to be like wood. There are tiny seeds that look like cellophane wrapped seeds that you can make a lei from if you're really patient! The boats could be outriggers or canoes. The royal poinsiana tree has these loooooooong dangling pods that contain seeds you can make a lei out of also....but, again, you need LOTS. The pods, if drilled and sealed with varnish or polyurethane would make a great gonash for stick incense.
No more beach collecting of shells or rocks is allowed nor coral, of course. Sand you can take in small bits.....and driftwood...but it's often buggy. Drift seeds are okay, too, except you can't take anything from the legume (pea) family back with you unless it's totally sterilized or embedded in resin. So, I've turned to seed pods and seeds. I also pick up any glass I see on the beach...for safety's sake...most of it hasn't rounded off or gotten irridescent but I did bring my rock polisher (the little one) so I'm making some smooth pieces.
Found some other seeds and pods that are neat for jewelry making.....as long as Ag will let me take them out!
I used messenger tree leaves, which are pear shaped, to create a partridge in a pear tree and a banner sign of Merry Christmas. I spray painted a branch of a palm seed and pod and it is really pretty. I used another palm finding to make a long "bowl". I sanded it all down and covered the stalk end with hemp twine....but think I'd like to stain it, too.
Have bunch of coconuts that aren't suitable for eating........thought of making wind chimes with those and bamboo and cutting squares and circles out to make jewelry...after extracting them and polishing.
So many free supplies! As long as I seal them properly!
Finally got an airconditioner for the bedroom/studio/sewing room/guest room/ etc. And, of course, the weather turned cooler! It WAS so hot my teeth were sweating!


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Tax Implications
The Segal AmeriCorps Education Award, unlike most other forms of scholarships and fellowships, is subject to federal tax in the year the payment is made. It is considered taxable income regardless of whether it's used for current educational expenses or to repay a qualified student loan. When and how much of the education award you redeem may have an impact on your overall income tax responsibility.
If you use the entire amount of your education award in one calendar year, you must include the entire amount as income on your taxes for that year. If you redeem only a portion of your education award in one calendar year, you will be responsible for any taxes owed on that portion. Interest that is paid on qualified students loans is also subject to income taxes in the year it is made to the loan holder.
The Trust DOES NOT deduct taxes from your education award or interest payments. If your education award and interest payments total more than $600 in a calendar year, in January of the following year, CNCS will send you a Form 1099 to be used in preparing your income tax return. The total sum of interest payments and the Segal AmeriCorps Education Award payments are listed together on the 1099 form.
Living Allowance
You are responsible for any income taxes owed on any AmeriCorps living allowances you receive. The living allowance amount received in a calendar year is subject to income taxes for that calendar year. For example, if you receive a portion living allowance in 2010 and the rest in year 2011, the portion received in 2010 is subject to 2010 income taxes, and the portion received in 2011 is subject to 2011 income taxes.
After the calendar year in which you earned any living allowance, your AmeriCorps project will send you a W-2 form indicating the amount of the allowance you earned in that year. Most AmeriCorps VISTA and AmeriCorps NCCC members receive their W-2 forms from CNCS.
Tax Relief
While you are responsible for taxes on your education award and other AmeriCorps benefits, you may be eligible for other tax relief through the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. Issues about income taxes are very complicated. The important point to remember is that you should consider the tax consequences of any decisions you make about when and how to use your education award.Contact a tax professional or the Internal Revenue Service for details.
IRS Publication 970, Tax Benefits for Education explains tax benefits that may be available to members who are using education awards to pay for current educational expenses or to repay qualified student loans.


text:
There are lots of people worried today that how can a social media guide help them grow their business? So, to understand this, you need to know what is social media first. In a simple language, social media are online communities that enable their users to communicate and socialize. Initially these sites were started to help people communicate with old friends and make new ones too. There are lots of sites today that help develop social relationship and even make your own community or say group where you can even restrict some of your exclusive friends.
Now, you need to know about the social media tools that are blogs, bookmarks, podcasts, forums, communities, networks, wikis etc. There are quite significant and versatile sites like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Digg, YouTube, Myspace, Squidoo and Sumbleupon. As these are very easy to use and so affordable that the small business owners can really take the advantage of these. But in order to take the maximum benefit of all this, you need some social media tips that will help you start and proceed in the right way. You will require measuring the effectiveness of social media once you start using it for the promotion or advertising of your business.
You will develop a good customer relationship by using social media. Today press releases and advertising on other medias is outdated and people prefer and rely on those businesses that believe in person-to-person contact. To avail the maximum of this you need social media marketing tips that are really useful and proven ones. In fact to get going and excel in this field, social media guide is there to help you and show you how everything works. There is no miracle or money backing here; it is all hard work and consistency.
Subscribe our social media marketing blog.
Related Post
- Top 10 Advanced Social Media Marketing Strategies for your Business
- Top social media marketing tips
- Steps that help control social media damage successfully
- Social media marketing tips for small business owners
- How social media marketing is helpful for small businesses?


text:
Adoremus, Society for the Renewal of the Sacred Liturgy
Online Edition
Vol. I, No. 4: February 1996
Table of Contents
Liturgists Plan Your Future - New Year's Resolutions" of the FDLC
Bishop Trautman's Address to FDLC Bishop Donald Trautman
Where Do We Stand? Standing or Kneeling, Which is the Innovation? - Father Jerry Pokorsky
Standing or Kneeling During the Consecration? -- Some Parish Bulletins Go Astray Father Joseph Fessio
When is the "Rite" Thing the Wrong Thing? Exceptions to Liturgical Rules
Even Well-Intentioned Exceptions to Liturgical Rules May Cause More Harm Than Good Staff
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Big Kahuna
Will Casinos Rescue The US Virgin Islands?
We all know the shit has hit the fan. Everyone's asking, what will we do?
The St. Thomas/St. John casino bill as it was originally written called for a casino at Yacht Haven, but an amendment is anticipated that will allow seven casinos on St. Thomas and two on St. John.
Okay, so we already have Video Lottery Terminals here in abundance. And some of those you can actually play blackjack and roulette on. So, what's your take on an actual real life casino?
Nicci and I travel to St. Maarten every year and they have tons of casinos. Usually with great nightclubs and restaurants. So they become a job producing, money making machine. Tourists love them, see Las Vegas for proof of that.
Then you have the other side of the debate. Those that are against gambling. Those that feel it promotes locals losing their hard earned money.
We've asked the Senators to do something to get us out of this mess. This is one idea. Personally I love casinos and have no problem with gambling.
From the St. Thomas Source:
The pending amendment on the St. Thomas/St. John casino bill would give 40 percent of the revenues to the V.I. Water and Power Authority to help it float bonds so it can buy new equipment and 40 percent to the Government Employees Retirement System to assist with its unfunded liability. Nine percent of the revenues would go to the general fund, 5 percent to the Education Initiative Fund, 5 percent to the Casino Control Commission for operating expenses, and 1 percent to gambling addiction and education programs.
What do you think St. Thomas? Casinos….thumbs up or thumbs down? And for those that say thumbs down comment in on how you think we can get out of this mess.


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Tech Support
Call a Tech Support Coming Soon
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A Group of qualified computer support experts working on your problems immediately as and when required 24 Hours a day.
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I've never watched an episode of The Big Bang Theory. Without ever having seen it, The Big Bang Theory–and admittedly, this is based on almost no real evidence, it is just a feeling–looks like it picks up where Boy Meets World left off. And maybe it's just me, but I never thought at any point in my life, "Hey, you know what I'm curious about? How Topanga's internship at that law firm turned out!" Again, I have no idea whether or not The Big Bang Theory is actually a continuation of Boy Meets World or not. As far as I know, it could be a reality TV show about who is the next best applied physics theorist. (Boo! Lasagna!)
In ANY CASE, this clip from the show in which the laugh track has been removed is as much of The Big Bang Theory as I have ever and will ever watch, but I feel completely satisfied by my experience:
The weirdest thing about this clip is actually NOT the eerie pregnant pauses where the laugh track used to be, it is trying to guess what is actually supposed to be a "joke" that people would laugh at in the first place. (Via Vulture.)
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Oh my god, that's brilliant. It makes the sitcom look like some postmodern play.
I wonder what would be the best sitcom to de-laugh-track-ify and make totally creepy. Married with Children, without the crowd catcalling Kelly Bundy?
I know this is out of context and a clear hit job, but I have roommates who religiously watch this show and insist it is good. This video gives me a strange happy feeling I usually associate with trampoline accident videos.
Ouch! Can I out myself as a Big Bang Theory fan? I guess I just did! This season has been bad, but there were some genius moments in the first two seasons! Sheldon is simply one of the best characters on TV right now.
I definitely do not like this show the times I have watched it, but Jim Parsons is very good and I wish better for him. Maybe he'll play an uptight nerd on a good show one day!
I don't know how to use the internet. Is that the guy from Garden State who says, "It says BALLS across your forehead!" ??
It's weird, without a laugh track and maybe not even a studio audience, how pedestrian the act of making a comedy show is. It's like an industrial process. Here's the script now hammer this out and ship it.
Did you make it to season 2? The laugh track fades out as the series progresses. They never wanted to use it, but were forced by ABC.
Sports Night was the one with the guy who went on to star in Six Feet Under, right? I remember liking it. That and News Radio. For mid-90′s media related comedy shows.
Actually, Sports Night drops the laugh track about the middle of the 1st season. If you can stick out past the first few episodes, the pay off is definitely worth it. It's such a good show.
You're not missing much, but I find the show less annoying without the laugh track.
Ian | Posted on Jan 18th, 2010 +14
Speaking of lasagna this is no Garfield Minus Garfield
I really dislike Garfield Minus Garfield, cause it isn't that funny or sensical. If you remove the main character from any comic, of course the remaining characters will say things that are funny/insane. I much prefer Silent Garfield cause it makes sense. It is Garfield how Jon sees it, cause technically Garfield only thinks his lines. But the lesser meme gets a book deal and the other gets squat. Alright, Professor Critic of Comic Memes Where Elements of Garfield are Removed out!
DS3M | Posted on Jan 18th, 2010 +29
Here, Here – Let me add a laugh/clap track!
I've never watched this show, but is that Moist from Dr. Horrible? If so, he looks so different without dripping pores.
I have seen this show. And I laughed about as much as the people in this clip.
For those who don't watch it, and in true Videogum comment style, I've put together an animated gif of all the funniest scenes from The Big Bang Theory:
Yeah it's just that hilarious.
I think what's going on here is that the character is not gay, but is being mistaken for gay because of what he is saying. Or (more likely) he is gay and hasn't figured it out yet.
Gabe! Don't talk shit about Boy Meets World. Saying you don't care what Topanga is up to these days is the biggest lie ever published on Videogum.
P.S. She's hosting some clip show on the Style network if you were wondering.
I much prefer the old Wire clip with laugh track added, because regardless of socio-political undercurrents and dramatic context, "shiny-head motherfucker" is always funny.
This show is basically the only thing ever on TV in the staff room at work, other than Will & Grace (why yes, I have considered studying the suicide rates among H&M employees as my senior thesis, why do you ask?). Anyway, while the show is obviously stupid, it's also really kind of charming. Jim Parsons makes it worth it. (Check him out on Ellen, ADORABLE.)
so wait, David and Darlene are back together?
(you guys have seen this, right?
The Wire with a Laugh Track")
My parents like the Big Bang Theory.
I'm a big fan of the Big Bang Theory and it's clear what the problem is. Those of you who don't like Big Bang Theory are dumb stupid heads. If you can't bother to watch a full episode I won't bother to make a joke.
I think family matters would be good without laugh tracks. The show already feels like a bad acid trip, even with the laugh tracks
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The Round Rock Public Library Teen Book Club will meet from 6:30 to 7:30 p.m. Tuesday, June 16 at Friar Tuck's in downtown Round Rock. This month's book is The Supernaturalist by Eoin Colfer.
The Supernatualist tells the story of the futuristic Satellite City, where fourteen-year-old Cosmo Hill escapes from his abusive orphanage and teams up with three other people who share his unusual ability to see supernatural creatures.
English cookies and tea will be served during the discussion.
See you at Friar Tuck's!


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Recent comments
- David
- February 09, 2012 - 17:00
Ah, unions.....is there anytihng they CAN'T fix?! It's such a shame that they don't ever put such vast knowledge, resources and money into a direct ownership stake in...well, anything. Ever. Always just satisfied to collect pay and complain. Weird, eh?
- Job cuts are not personal
- February 05, 2012 - 15:39
NAT said ..."As I see it, if a business owner needs to make cuts to keep the business profitable, that is what needs to be done. Who would ever run a enterprise to lose money. Its a sad, but true fact.".................................................. While you are right, cuts are also needs to make more profits. Certainly, no one would run an enterprise to lose money, but the other question is who would run an enterprise in one place when they could run the same operation in another place with different and make more profits? Again, the answer is sad, but the reality is that if one can operate one's business in an area where you pay less for labour, less for electricty, less taxes, then one has duty to shareholders to do so.
- nat
- February 03, 2012 - 18:22
As I see it, if a business owner needs to make cuts to keep the business profitable, that is what needs to be done. Who would ever run a enterprise to lose money. Its a sad, but true fact. Yes Corner Brook is going to take a hard hit, real estate wont sell for the prices they are asking now, and families are going to go out west. Thats a given. Alberta can give the profitable life Newfoundland won't. Not that Newfoundland cannot offer the wages and tax breaks like Alberta. They just will not invest in their people. Western Newfoundland does not have alot to offer any longer. There is no security in life so why stay there . You never know when someone will pull the rug out from under your feet. I feel all I ever want in life is security and a dollar in my back pockt if I need one.
- February 03, 2012 - 17:38
I live in the real world where you only pay for the employees that you really need, where you only buy the groceries that you need to eat, and where you make financial decisions for the betterment of your family and loved ones. Workers are entitled to regulated safety standards and wages, but they are not entitled to a job. A job exists only when an employer has tasks that need to get done. If there is no task that needs to get done, then there is no need for the workers. It is simply common sense and has nothing to do with profit levels.
- sealcove
- February 03, 2012 - 11:12
What kind of person are you people are losing jobs , I guess that must be the(me world) i keep hearing about
- February 03, 2012 - 08:38
Even if the cuts are a mistake, the company can then hire people.....no harm done. It makes perfect sense to cut operations/workers to the bone just to find out exaclty who/how many you need. Then, if needed, the company is free to add people....Workers are a dime a dozen, so there is really no risk for the company in making deep cuts. I say, the deeper the better....that way, they will only hire where they see demonstratable need.


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Academics . Painting . Courses
Senior Studio: BFA Research
Course No. PTG 421M Credits: 3.0
Faculty Lane Cooper
Required for all 4th year Painting majors and open as an elective to any senor-level student with a prerequisite of Intro to Painting or permission of the instructor or Painting Chair. This course focuses on developing the student's individual work as it relates to their subject and their means of making work. Emphasis will be on the strategies for constructing the meaning of the work in terms of materials and the way the work is read by a viewer. Students will read work, develop and discuss intention through critiques and discourse. The goal is to develop an understanding of the criteria, standards and values promoted by the artist and how these come to be understood by their audience by exploring the relationship between subject, form, material and process as they relate to content. Offered fall.
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Oct 17 - The board of directors of Pacific Continental Corp., Eugene, Ore. (Nasdaq: PCBK), the holding company of Pacific Continental Bank, has approved a regular cash dividend of 10 cents per share, which represents a 1 cent per share increase over the prior quarter. Additionally, the board declared a special cash dividend of 12 cents per share. Both dividends are payable Nov. 12, 2013, to shareholders of record on Oct. 28, 2013.
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How can I encourage my baby to crawl?
My 9-month-old baby girl doesn't crawl. If I lay her on her belly and scatter toys around her, she just flips to her back and scoots backward. How can I encourage her to crawl?
Posted: 04/02/2001 by a BabyCenter Member
Mom Answers
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My baby is only 3 1/2 months old and he doesn't want to sit - only stand up with all his weight on both legs. It seems strange for a baby this young to want to do that for such long durations at at time. I think he's going to skip crawling and walk early.posted 01/21/2007 by WorkAtHomeMT
My 9 month old daughter does not crawl, scoot, or roll. She sits and reaches...that's it. When I put her in her walker she only sometimes scoots backwards but not far at all. She is developed everywhere else....please tell me this is normal for some and I am not alone.posted 01/15/2007 by a BabyCenter Member
Cece's mom: My baby was the same way. She is now almost a year and just started crawling a couple weeks ago. But she has been ahead with other things, such as speaking and playing ball, that kind of thing. Doctor said that baby's personality has a lot to do with it. My baby was mellow. Now she is working hard at crawling. All seems to be OK. He anticipates that she will be a late walker. My brother was a late walker, too. I know how it is to worry. I still worry.posted 01/14/2007 by a BabyCenter Member
my baby is 8 months she isnt crawling but she scoots really fast she pulls her self up on the chair the doc isnt worried about it she says to give her more timeposted 01/11/2007 by bernalin20
HELP!!!! I know I sound like the typical overly-worried mom, but I can't help it (despite all I've read about babies reaching their milestones at their own pace). My 8 month old baby girl isn't interested in crawling - nor is she interested in creeping, standing up, or even scooting foward. She can roll over both ways, but she usually just goes from a tummy position onto her back, and stays there, maybe rolls over once again. I put favorite objects out of her reach, but instead of going for them, she just finds something else that is closer to her (i.e. a tag or the rug itself) to play with. She can be on the rug for as long as an hour at a time, but doesn't seem to have the desire to get mobile. The doctor saw her at 6 months for 5 minutes (yeah....), and declared her to be in perfect health. SHe is in the 95th percentile for height, so I wonder if that is hindering her development in a any way. Anyway, I am worried, and I just do not feel comfortable with the situation as it is now. Any suggestions? I love my baby girl, and I am desperate over here.....posted 01/11/2007 by Rekaboo#1
My 7 1/2 month old son isnt crawing. I heard that if he doesnt learn how to, he wont have the motorskills that he would have if he did crawl.All he likes doing is standing on my legs. Everytime I put him on his tummy, he just crys and wants me! I dont know what to do! Help me if you can!!!!posted 01/11/2007 by dalesmama6306
My daughter is 7 months old and isn't crawling. She also doesn't seem to excited about the crawling thing. Instead she likes to pull herself up and stand. She gets really excited about standing. I think she may just go straight to walking. I'm not concerned but I wish the same as some of you - for people to stop asking me if she's started crawling yet...as if it means anything anyway.posted 12/19/2006 by Mama_O2
My almost 10 month old daughter doesnt crawl yet. If I stand her up she is very strong on her legs (although shes not cruising yet.) She can sit unsupported for a long time. She used to roll over but now is uninterest in doing that also. She's babbling, playing with toys and doing everything else on target. The Dr. is not concerned.... I guess every goes at their own pace.posted 12/12/2006 by a BabyCenter Member
My son is 11 months old and not crawling. Up until 9 months he wasn't even creeping by himself, just doing push ups and sliding himself backwards all the while becoming more and more frustrated. One suggestion that helped him creep forward by himself to leave him on the floor with no pants and socks on so he could get a good grip with his knees and toes. Keep the room warm of course. Within a couple of days he was propelling himself forward. Now I'm not too worried about crawling. At least he's creeping around by himself (even with pants and socks now) and sooner or later he'll start crawling or walking.posted 12/04/2006 by daydreammom
Thanks to everyone for your comments, I'm not alone! My daughter is 8 mo and isn't interested in rolling over or getting places. She is capable of rolling over, we've seen it happen, she is just fine letting us do all the work. We work with her everyday, but I'm not too worried. We have a blast playing with her and encouraging her when she scoots and gets up on her side. One day she will walk and one day I will chase after her... :) One last thought, a friend of mine has a daughter that is 19 months, she isn't walking. The doctors say she is fine, and she will stand there all day long, crawl everywhere, but just won't take that step. No worries, we are on thier schedule.posted 11/17/2006 by jen3357
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