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WORLDWIDE eDISPATCH - 1 SEP 2009 - 0000Z
Dedicated to Emergency Communications by RADIO
Official Journal of the World Radio Relay League
VOL. 6 -- No. 1
www.emcomm.org September 2009
The EM PHILOSOPHY - TIME and SPACE
SHORT CIRCUITS - News and Announcements
FEEDBACK, MUSINGS and SPURIOUS EMISSIONS
The EM ADVISOR - "Q and A"
WRRL NEWS and NETS
EMCOMM SPECIALTY ITEMS - Stuff for
NEW SUBSCRIBERS and CONTRIBUTORS
REFERENCE and RESOURCE SECTION
The EM PHILOSOPHY
TIME and SPACE
Editorial by D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ, Editor-Publisher
I hope that you all enjoyed a great summer (winter for our Southern Hemisphere readers), and much high-quality time spent with family and friends! Here at the Lazy T Ranch in the outback of Northern California, we spent most of our free time catching up on vehicle repairs, home and ranch maintenance work, and a lot of sitting out on our observation deck, listening to the Patriot Channel (Sirius 144), while watching the weeds grow, the dogs play, the eagles, hawks, and vultures soar above, (and in the daytime) watching Old Glory proudly fly above our little wilderness sanctuary. In the evening we often watched electrical light shows on our southern horizon and/or observed the glory of the stars and planets as they parade across the night sky! We know what Dante (The Divine Comedy) meant when he wrote: "Nature is the art of God." I also did a lot of soul searching as to how I would choose to spend my available time and remaining energy as I live out my days.
EMCOMM MONTHLY was the offspring of a weekly e-letter that began in 2000 as the "5-1-2* Bulletin." The readership/service area for that regional emcomm bulletin soon expanded, and it was aptly re-named The EMCOMMWEST Bulletin. The subscriber list continued to expand, both numerically and geographically, and it eventually became an international publication. Producing a weekly newsletter became increasingly time consuming and difficult, and burn-out was on the horizon. I wanted to sign-off for good, but others said that the niche we were filling was needed. So, after much reflection, I (with the counsel of a few close friends), decided to make it into a monthly, and in June 2004, EM appeared.
From the beginning, our goal was not to save traditional amateur radio emcomm...but to try to slow its decline. Five years ago, in the PREMIER ISSUE www.emcomm.org/em/2004/June2004.htm, we asked our readers: "Suppose it is the year 2020. You are being interviewed by a reporter who asks you to give a one word answer to this question: "What killed amateur radio? After thinking about it...what is your answer?" The following month our readers' replies to that question were published along with an Op-Ed piece: WHAT KILLED AMATEUR RADIO? www.emcomm.org/em/2004/July2004.htm Looking back at that article we conclude that nothing much has changed since then except that the number of public service radio operators and skilled traffic handlers has continued to decline. More and more hams are putting all of their emcomm eggs into digital, computerized, landline-infrastructure-hybrid communications. In spite of our best efforts, amateur radio emcomm is slowly being diluted and polluted, and the radio part of amateur radio emcomm is gradually being siphoned off and is slowly fading out. Sooner or later the ability to handle and relay record message traffic, no matter what mode, will be nothing more than a curious relic from the past.
This past July marked the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11. I enjoyed watching and listening to all the special programs commemorating what was one of mankind's greatest technological achievements. Mark Levin (author of the best selling Liberty and Tyranny) told an interesting story about something that happened at the dedication of the National Air and Space Museum at Washington, DC in 1976.
Levin, who was then serving as an aide to President Gerald Ford, was present at the ribbon-cutting ceremony which was being conducted by Brig.General Michael Collins, (USAF Ret.). Collins remained aboard the Apollo 11 command module Columbia, while Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were on the lunar surface.
President Ford arrived and with many dignitaries and members of the media present, the actual ribbon cutting included a radio signal being transmitted from an orbiting satellite, which would then activate a laser beam, which would cut the ribbon. The set-up worked and the ribbon was cut by the laser beam on schedule. After the ceremony, someone noticed a pair of scissors protruding from Gen. Collins' rear pocket and asked him why he had brought them. His reply: "I brought them just in case the high-tech stuff didn't work!"
Emergency communications is not rocket science! How something so simple has been made so complicated is beyond the outer limits of reason and common sense. Emcomm is simply knowing how to accept, relay, and deliver third party message traffic by radio using a standardized message format. No amateur radio operator worth his (or her) salt, should ever let his or her basic language skills and tools of communication to be lost or get rusty! No matter what other systems you employ for emcomm, every one of us should keep a simple transceiver (e.g. - Ten-Tec QRP CW, MFJ Cub, NorCal or Oak Hills QRP rig** or voice rig such as Ten-Tec Scout or Yaesu FT-817), a J-38 hand key and/or mic, and an easy-to-deploy wire antenna. A 12 v.d.c. power source can always be found...even if its from a wrecked vehicle, or using 8 "D" cells in series. And a J-38 should fit nicely in your hip pocket! Other essentials include a clipboard and paper, pen and pencil, plus the "know how" of being able to handle message traffic.
Over the past 40 years your editor has devoted countless thousands of hours to emergency preparedness and response. As I look back, I enjoy great satisfaction, but I realize that we have done just about all we can do to convince amateur radio operators of the importance of proficient operating and public service. There have been many times that I have felt like I was shoveling sand against the tide. Several of my close confidants have often wondered and asked why I do it. I'm not sure that I have a valid answer.
EM cannot be considered to be anything but a success. This is due in part to the fact that there has been and there still is a need and considerable demand for practical, useful, down-to-earth emcomm information. Information that is no longer readily available elsewhere, and that has not been polluted with a lot of superfluous "high-tech-gobbledy-gook."
The "graying" of amateur radio is a reality. And every week I hear of another key going silent. And I am only counting the operators that I know personally. Also, I am personally experiencing the wear and tear of aging. I'll not list all of the physical problems that I am experiencing, but will say that arthritis and bilateral Depuytren Contractures have crippled my hands to the point that it is painful and increasingly difficult to type. And long hours on the keyboard exacerbate the condition.
New and interesting emcomm material has become more and more difficult to find and/or originate. Long-time readers probably have noticed that we have done a fair amount of re-cycling of articles and subjects. While this may bore some readers, it serves as a review for others, and is a source of useful information for new subscribers. But over the past few years...we have said just about all that can be said on the subject of emcomm...some of it three and four times over. And the fundamentals never change! If serious emcomm operators haven't got it by now...they probably never will. TO RECENT SUBSCRIBERS: We hope that you won't feel left out. Back issues of EM are archived at: www.emcomm.org/em or use our handy site search at: www.emcomm.org/search.htm
I have always avoided using EM (or any aspect of amateur radio) as a "bully pulpit" for my political views. Some readers have been able to read between the lines a few times and have detected that I am a staunch conservative. With our nation in such a mess and spinning out of control, it has been hard at times to stifle my passion for liberty and not shout out let freedom ring!
Therefore, I have decided to devote more of my available free time and energy to working on projects to help preserve our unalienable rights (Life, Liberty, Property and the Pursuit of Happiness), and our Constitution, (especially the First and Second Amendments).
EMCOMM MONTHLY and EMCOMM.ORG are NOT businesses, and while our out-of-pocket operating costs are relatively low, we do have to pay internet service fees, domain registration, other fees and operating costs. We do not accept advertising and there are no "pop-ups" on our website. We do not feed at the public (read taxpayers) trough. From the beginning, EM has been funded solely by voluntary donations from the staff and our readers. We dislike asking for monetary contributions, and simply say: "If you have benefited from our efforts, and would like to support this work in a tangible way, you may do so by sending a check or money order."
For most of us times are tough, but since the last (June) issue, only four readers have made a donation. A couple of years ago we said "If every reader would send just one 'green stamp' ($1.00) a year, our budget would be in good shape." Following that subtle hint, eight (8) readers sent a dollar and a few sent a little more. I am not whining, but I do read this as an indication that few "have benefited from our efforts," at least enough to support our efforts in a tangible manner.
Because new subscribers continue to flow in (53 since the June issue), I just can't bring myself to "cut them off" by putting EM into the deleted file along with Worldradio (1971-2008), 73 magazine (1962-2003), Popular Electronics (1957-1999), Electronics Illustrated (1958-1972), and many others too numerous to list that are long forgotten. Even RadioShack® recently dropped "radio" from its name. Does anyone still maintain that amateur radio, as we once knew it, is not slowly fading out? However, EM will remain afloat awhile longer...but on a quarterly basis. Therefore, this is the last issue of EMCOMM MONTHLY. Starting in December, EM will become EMCOMM QUARTERLY or "EQ." The next scheduled issue will be issued on December 1, 2009. Thereafter, EQ will be published in March, June, September and December. In the meantime, all back issues of EM will continue to be available at EMCOMM.ORG -- the most comprehensive emcomm resource on the internet. - Editor
* "5-1-2" Bulletin" -
A regional weekly bulletin for emcomm operators in (ARRL) Southern Oregon
District 5 and Northern California Districts 1 and 2.
** RESOURCES (Inexpensive QRP CW Transceiver suppliers):
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4x4 (Four Wheel Drive) HAM RADIO OPERATORS
Off Road and On the Air!
Check out: http://4x4ham.ning.com/
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Two items appeared in the July 2009 issue of Natural Hazards Observer that seem to indicate that common sense may be making a comeback.
The post 9/11 billion-dollar gravy train has long since dried up. In Cutler Bay's School Bus Brigade (page 5), NHO reports on how the Town of Cutler Bay, FL (Miami-Dade County) converted diesel powered school buses into emergency response vehicles. New commercially-manufactured ERVs start at around $300,000. The buses were purchased for $10 each from the local school district and re-configured into mobile communication units, mobile command posts and logistical support purposes. This wise utilization of the taxpayer's dollars is congruent with the EM PHILOSOPHY.
Natural Hazards Observer (page 15) also reports that Craig Fugate, former director of the Florida Division of Emergency Management, volunteer firefighter and paramedic has been confirmed as the new administrator of FEMA. Do we now have someone in that position who has actually "smelled the gunpowder?" Fugate told the U.S. Senate confirmation committee: "We have to begin looking at our citizens as a resource, not as a liability, in our plans. We have to integrate and build capacity and capability at the local level, the state, and federal level. It has to incorporate the volunteer, faith-based and community-based organizations, and private sector." What a breath of fresh air! - Editor
The Natural Hazards Observer
is published by the Natural Hazard Center at the University of Colorado, 482
UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0482.
Subscriptions are free.
NOTE: K6SOJ's 1971 Ford/Gillig/Caterpillar mobile communications bus appeared on the cover of the November 1994 QST.
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"FYI" (For Your Information) is commonly used as an abbreviation in email
messaging. Word has been received that some SPAM FILTERS reject or divert
email messages that include FYI in the subject to the "junk email folder."
Caveat Emptor. -
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October 3, 2009 - St. John Fisher College, Rochester, NY www.emcommeast.org/
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FEEDBACK, MUSINGS and SPURIOUS EMISSIONS
"I have recently set up an NVIS antenna system using a 130 ft. dipole with the feed point at the corner of a wooden fence and the elements at 90 degrees to each other. I used the WRRL NVIS manual as reference. The antenna is 18 inches above the ground and to my everlasting surprise the auto-tuner in my IC 775DSP works very well on 40 and 80 meters. I was prepared to use a manual tuner. The antenna is fed with 80 ft. of RG 213 and the system works very well. I am still testing it and tomorrow is field day and much can be accomplished then.
"I also have a D4 rotatable dipole and an HF 6V Butternut vertical, both having been in use for many months to use as comparisons. As advertised, the noise level is very low and signals of S7,8 and 9 have been received from stations as far away as Portland, OR, Hood River, Vancouver Is. Prineville, OR, Lewiston, ID, and Grand Forks, BC(NW of Spokane). Much testing remains to be done. I am very pleased so far." - Gary Jones, WB7DIE, Mt. Vernon, WA
COMMENT: Thanks for the report about your experiements and tests, Gary. Of course, with NVIS, a lot depends upon your ground conductivity, or how far below the surface is the actual "earth ground." An antenna that is only 18 inches above ground presents a hazard to both humans and animals. We recommend that antennas be at least 8 feet above ground. - Editor
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VoIP, IRLP, Echo link, etc.
"You may be interested in emcomm things Nevada Amateur Radio Repeaters, Inc (NARRI) is doing to support VoIP nets such as the weekly NV ARES®, ARC and Disaster Communicators Forum. See www.narri.org to see real-time mapping of VoIP repeaters/nodes and net schedules. I operate big-pipe, "dual channel" (IRLP and Echo link) VoIP servers for NV and HI ARES® as well as others described in www.narri.org I am adding an emcomm server for Northern California and Idaho. The servers could be used as full-time links, as we do in NV, a place to go for nets and a real incident.
"The ARC (American Red Cross - editor) holds a weekly net on Western Reflector channel 7 (IRLP 9257) AND Echo link conference server *DCF-ARC* (336037) Sundays at 6 pm Pacific local time. Many of the ARC communicators use Echo link installed on their PC. The dual server is up 24/7. The NCS is in KC, Kansas. Perhaps it is something of news for Emcomm Monthly.
"VoIP is a part of amateur radio. The FCC and ARRL agree. VoIP does not replace HF, but is another repeater-linking tool that more and more emcomm organizations are using. Commercial VoIP linking is used by Public Service organizations all over the USA for Emcomm including California. The internet was designed to a mil spec. VoIP did not fail ( not once) during 9-11 even in NYC. The weak link is in the ham shack same as for HF – no emergency power in many cases. It is used by many ham emcomm organizations, including weather reporting on the VoIP SKYWARN/Hurricane Net http://www.voipwx.net/ and American Red Cross. See net listings at www.narri.org. VoIP linking is thought to be more reliable than RF linking (site to site). Don't throw away your untried tools." - Kent Johnson, W7AOR, Las Vegas, NV
EM COMMENTS: The systems mentioned are complicated, complex and expensive. But they are a means of communication. However, EMCOMM MONTHLY and WRRL does not advocate depending upon them for emcomm during "real incidents" or preparedness activities. We believe that emergency communication networks must not depend upon landline and/or commercial services such as the internet. Even relying upon repeaters is a gamble. These services and systems can, and will, fail during emergencies and disasters. An Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP*) attack, or the internet (and cell phone services) may be shut down by "the government." Emcomm must be able to provide message traffic solely by amateur radio, independent of landline and commercial services and commercial power sources. Using these systems for emcomm "nets" on a regular basis promotes a false sense of security, and does not provide training, practice and/or experience in actual radio net discipline and procedures.
In spite of what the FCC or ARRL may say, what we haven't had satisfactorily explained yet is: If the telephones, email and the internet are still intact and functioning during or following a disaster or other calamity, or they haven't been shut down or restricted by a government order, why bother with radio at all? And, if extra personnel is all that is needed to operate the normal means of communication, non-ham volunteers can easily be trained to perform those functions.
I recall an incident many years ago where a ham stationed in a disaster shelter was laboriously reading off a long list of needed supplies (which is unnecessary if resource typing has been implemented), tying up a VHF linked repeater system, and all the while a functioning telephone was sitting next to him on the desk!
In the net examples you mention, there was/is no failure of the "normal means of communications," and the "normal means of communications" should be used whenever possible. However, during Katrina, and many other recent disasters, all of this stuff was knocked out...in some areas for weeks.
Sadly, skilled radio operators who know how to communicate and relay message traffic (using radio only) are becoming fewer and fewer every day. Fundamental skills are not widely being taught, practiced, or emphasized. But then...most of society is being lulled into a false sense of security in many areas and disciplines.
FINALLY - These hard-wired systems do not allow for a real-time "broadcast" (CQD, QST, SOS, MAYDAY or PAN PAN PAN**), distress call to all stations.
Re. "Don't throw away your untried tools." We prefer to say, "Don't throw out your oars or paddle, just because you have a motor on your life-boat!" - Editor
* READ MORE ABOUT EMP (Electromagnetic Pulse)
A recent (2008) update by The Heritage Foundation:
EM archives:
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The staff of EMCOMM MONTHLY is happy to answer your questions to the best of our ability. Some are "FAQs" (Frequently Asked Questions) and others are of a specific nature. Each month, we will answer questions that may have value to other emcomm radio operators. Technical questions are forwarded to our Technical Advisor, Ed Ewell, K7DXV. Questions about our ARCT program or NIMS/ICS are forwarded to
Before submitting a question, we ask our readers to check the FAQ page
first...your question may have been asked before. Also, please consider
checking our site search page at:
http://www.emcomm.org/search.htm to
see if your question may have been previously addressed in
MONTHLY. Thank you.
Q: "I was looking at the CalFire web site this evening, and saw that they were sending the Latitude and Longitude of a fire.
Example: Lat: 34° 15´ 4" Long: 118° 11´ 41" -- How would you send this in a message via voice?" - Greg Kruckewitt, KG6SJT, Yolo County, CA ARES® AEC
A: An excellent question, Greg. And, a very important one! All messages should be handled with 100% accuracy. But this is especially true when sending, relaying, receiving and delivering vital information such as latitude and longitude. THERE IS NO ROOM FOR ERROR! One tragic example was when a forward observer in a combat situation, reported the position of the enemy, and called for an air strike. He inadvertently sent the position of his own unit. He and his entire unit were all killed.
In recent years public service agencies (such as CalFire) and the NIMS have adopted a CLEAR TEXT or plain language policy for voice transmissions. Although this is somewhat vague (there is no way to define "clear text" of "plain language" and what may be clear to one person, could be confusing to another), the method can work fairly well, as long as sending operators express information accurately and receive operators know how to listen carefully, and write it down as soon as it is received! Do NOT trust anything to memory!
Assuming that there is a clear ("full quieting") point-to-point radio contact, as is usually the case in most tactical FM VHF/UHF public service communications, I would transmit (in voice) your example (above) like this:
"Latitude thirty-four degrees fifteen minutes four seconds longitude one one eight degrees eleven minutes forty-one seconds"
Now (before someone gets all excited) it is recognized, that in this example no
north or south is given for latitude and no east or west is given for the
longitude, but in a
situation that is acceptable. Obviously if the operation is in California
the Latitude is N (north) and the Longitude is W (west).
The receiving station may want to reply with a "read-back" by saying:
"Confirming latitude thirty-four degrees fifteen minutes four seconds (pause) longitude one one eight degrees eleven minutes forty-one seconds"
Now, this is where it can get challenging: Factors such as interference or noise, operator language accent, poor radio conditions, etc. This is often the case in AM transmissions (as in most VHF aeronautical communications), in HF/VHF SSB radio, voice transmission my need help by using proper prowords* and procedures:
Using your message again as an example, under marginal conditions one might say
"Latitude thuh-ree foh-wer degrees wun fife min-utes foh-wer sec-onds (pause) longitude wun wun ate degrees wun wun min-utes foh-wer wun sec-onds. Over."
ANYTIME, a POSN lat/long message must go through one or more relay station,
be formatted in the
message (RADIOGRAM) format.
This was covered in-depth in the January 2006 issue of EM (how time flies :-)! http://www.emcomm.org/em/2006/january2006.htm
The article is reproduced below the FEATURE section in its entirety. - EM
*NOTE: Prowords are not included in any word count or check
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Elsewhere in this issue you will read K6SOJ's editorial regarding Emcomm Monthly becoming Emcomm Quarterly. I have worked with Dave ( I have always known our editor as "Dave") for years both in actual emcomm incidents (the large and costly Jones Fire of 1999 in Shasta County, California comes to mind) and in the writing of this on-line journal. I have the utmost respect for Dave, the product he produces, his integrity and dedication to the Emcomm function and, most importantly, as a good and decent human being. I continue to be amazed at his willingness to keep this on-line journal alive in spite of all the "negatives" he alludes to in his editorial. That is especially remarkable because Dave is not a one dimensional person. I know of his other involvements and the impact of health issues on the time he has available for this journal.
Like Dave, I spent the summer months reflecting on how to best use my time and
whatever talents I have in whatever time the Lord gives me on this earth. My decision is a little different than
Dave's, though I certainly respect his.
This will be my last ICS Perspectives column in this publication. Given what I honestly believe to be
issues of far greater importance, I am choosing to devote my energy to those
other issues. Excuse the political
comment, but my conscience will simply not let me idly stand by while this
country rapidly marches to socialism.
My children and grandchildren mean too much to me not to do everything I
legitimately can to preserve the qualities of this nation that I was blessed to
experience in my lifetime. While I
have not, in the past, been involved politically, that has changed. And, to do what I need to do and do it
right requires time…in fact all the time I can possibly devote to the effort. I wish you the reader and Dave the
Editor and Publisher the very best in the future. God Bless and 73 from
WRRL NEWS and NETS
Pacific (and Mountain) Time Zones: PTZNN (aka Jefferson Noon Net/JNN) daily at 1200 PTZ on 7214/± kHz (7204 and 3911± kHz alternate)
Central (and Eastern) Time Zones: CTZNN Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at
7214± kHz
∙ WRRL NET on MONDAYS on 14.280 MHz USB (listen up or down the band as much as 20 kHz)
2000Z (When on Daylight Saving Time) and 2100Z (When on Standard Time)
Map showing the location of WRRL stations can be viewed at: http://www.wrrl.org/map/index.html
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"For want of a letter, a word was lost.
For want of a word, a message was lost.
For want of a message, a life was lost."
"Record Message Traffic, by skilled operators, and by RADIO (only)!" It's all about Dependability, Accuracy and Accountability!
NOTE: "Record Message Traffic" means that a record is kept of all traffic you handle, (for at least a period of one year), in the event a question comes up later. It also documents that YOU did your job properly and correctly! (Assuming that you did...of course.)
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EMCOMM and TRAFFIC HANDLING NETS
MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS, and FRIDAYS at 1200 CTZ on 7214 kHz ± LSB.
All emcomm stations in the Central (U.S.) Time Zone, PLUS the Eastern and Mountain Time Zones are invited to check in.
DAILY at 1200 PTZ on 7214 kHz ± LSB. (7204 and 3911 kHz alternate)
Stations in the MTZ (and CTZ, if the band is very long) are also welcome!
The LNN and the JNN are for operators who want to learn and/or practice proper net operating procedures and standardized traffic handling skills. Stations in the MTZ (band conditions permitting) can potentially participate in both of these nets, and thereby provide a relay circuit between the east coast and the west coast on 40 meters three times a week! It is anticipated that the LNN will eventually become a daily circuit.
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THE "TRAFFIC HANDLER'S MANTRA" (Recite often to help remember the eight parts in preamble):
"No • Prepared • Ham • Should • Copy • Priority • Traffic • Delayed"
NUMBER • PRECEDENCE • HX (Handling Instructions) • STATION OF ORIGIN • CHECK • PLACE OF ORIGIN • TIME • DATE
To help you to memorize the eight parts of the preamble,
"Traffic Handlers Mantra" often:
"No • Prepared • Ham • Should • Copy • Priority • Traffic • Delayed"
ASSESS your current traffic handling skill. Take the "TRAFFIC HANDLER'S CHALLENGE" at: www.emcomm.org (main page)
The NATIONAL EMCOMM TRAFFIC SERVICE
uses designated watch and calling frequencies. Public service
amateur radio operators everywhere are invited to monitor these frequencies
whenever possible. But when disasters or other incidents occur, emcomm
operators are asked to warm up their radios and "light up" the NATIONAL EMCOMM
TRAFFIC SERVICE..."24/7". Active operators know which bands are most
likely to be "open" depending upon the time of day, season, etc.
During disasters and for other emergencies, the frequencies are "open nets". When traffic becomes heavy, they will become "command and control" frequencies with a net control station "triaging traffic" and directing stations with traffic to another (traffic) frequency. (At least 5 kHz away.) Proper net procedures are essential.
NETS does not maintain regular schedules and does not handle routine "make work" messages such as birthday greetings, "your license is about to expire", "book messages", etc. NETS is intended to supplement and fortify other networks by providing a vehicle for emcomm operators to originate, relay and deliver legal radio message traffic (I.e. - "first class mail") of any precedence, at any time, from and to anyone and anywhere--especially during disasters or other crises. NETS stations will cooperate and use other networks that are known to be capable of accurately and efficiently handling RADIOGRAMS.
All listed frequencies (except 60 meters) are nominal. Actual nets may be up or down as much as 20 kHz
• 1982 kHz
• 3911 kHz RADIO RESCUE (SSB and CW)
• 5332 kHz "Up" to other 60M channels as necessary. 50W maximum ERP. (Activated during actual incidents.)
• 7214 kHz
• 14280 kHz
• 1911 kHz
• 3540 kHz
• 3911 kHz RADIO RESCUE (SSB and CW)
• 7111 kHz
• 10119 kHz
• 14050 kHz
• GULF STATES (LA, MS, TX, AL) - 7111 kHz 1100Z-2300Z / 3570 kHz 2300Z-1100Z
During EMERGENCIES: 7111 kHz daytime, 3570 kHz nighttime.
(Times approximate depending on band conditions and changes in sunrise/sunset.)
• LOCAL EMCOMM SIMPLEX - 146.55 MHz
• RED CROSS EMCOMM SIMPLEX - 147.42 MHz
• NATIONAL CALLING SIMPLEX - 146.52 MHz
Frequencies listed may be on or near other established net frequencies.
As a matter of operating courtesy, always move up or down a few kHz to avoid QRM
when a frequency is in use.
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• "SHOW US YOUR SHACK" is at: http://www.emcomm.org/em/shacks
• Send a picture of you AND your shack (all in one frame and in JPG or JPEG format) to: firstname.lastname@example.com
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An EM advanced studies training module by D.W. Thorne, K6SOJ
(UPDATED September 2009)
A question was posed regarding how to properly send a position (geographical coordinates) in a RADIOGRAM text. Every available source and reference were checked and I have not been able to find any official or authoritative source that gives a standardized protocol as how to send a lat/long in formal (record) message.
I consulted with the EM staff, most of whom have U.S. Navy and other maritime and/or Search and Rescue experience. I also queried my cousin, Bob Thorne, WA1VRM, of Guilford, CT, a former U.S. Naval Officer, and who sailed his own sailboat around Atlantic for many years, and is now an active cross-country pilot.
None of us are in any position to advocate official policy or procedure. (That will be up to those in a higher pay grade!) - HI What follows are some findings and conclusions plus a recommendation:
#1 - With the advent of the GPS (Global Positioning System) the time-tested system of reporting POSN in degrees, minutes, seconds (46º32'30") has given way to degrees, minutes, and hundredths of minutes (46º32.50') and is now being used in most (but not all) services.
Aeronautical and land navigation appears to be adopting the "degrees, minutes, tenths or hundredths of minutes" system that is popular with the GPS system. NOTE: It does NOT appear that the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) system has caught on in many private and/or civilian services. However, some jurisdictions and agencies have adopted UTM for SAR operations, and the trend seems to be in that direction.
#2 - The traditional "degrees, minutes, seconds" system, that can be also be read on most GPS receivers, seems to still be in use by many for maritime navigation. However, that may change as more and more mariners adopt GPS.
#3 - For most informal voice transmissions the common way to "say your position" is (using degrees, and minutes and tenths, or hundredths of minutes): "We are at" or "our position is": North 32 degrees 15 decimal (or "DAY-SEE-MAL") 23 minutes by west 64 degrees 37 decimal 2 minutes"
#4 - The above POSN could be sent in a message text exactly as it was spoken. It is 15 words and in CW it is 64 characters. This would work and is acceptable.
#5 - Using deg/mins/secs it would be:
Voice: "Our position is North 64 degrees 51 minutes 23 seconds West 147 degrees 52 minutes 38 seconds."
#6 - RADIO COMMUNICATORS MUST be familiar with both methods.
#7 - There doesn't seem to be any consensus as to whether the N (or S or E or W) is sent/stated before or after the figures.
#8 - NOW...(for point of discussion) let's say you received a message in a RADIOGRAM with the position given as:
Most would assume this to be: N41°35'10" x W121°49'77"
But wait! The 77 is a dead give away...since there is only 60 seconds in a minute. BUT if it were 27, how would the receiving station know if the 27 is seconds or hundredths of a minute?
The originator of the message must make it perfectly CLEAR! (E.g. - Where 52.50 minutes = 50'30". I'd venture a guess that there has been more than one "mix-up, due to lack of knowledge or unclear signals.)
#9 - This of course (if it were in a 25 word maximum message) will use up more "words"...but it probably would be worth it.
#10 - Using the above example, my suggestion (whether in a RADIOGRAM or not) as to how to send POSN in a RADIOGRAM text and for ALL MODES would be:
OLD METHOD (deg/min/sec):
It has been pointed out that messages properly formatted, and properly sent/relayed, with proper spacing/pauses between "words" do not need to include extra words such as: degrees, minutes, etc.
(Some traffic operators are of the persuasion that figures/numerals should always be spelled out in formal message traffic. Of course this increases the word count. If band conditions are poor, or are expected to be poor somewhere along the path, and/or the message is short (of course SEVENTY requires more brass pounding than 70 so this has some merit. It is the originating station that decides this. One a message is formatted no one may change anything along the line. To change "77" (one word) to seventy seven (two words) wreaks havoc with the "check".)
NEW GPS METHOD: (Again, this will work for ALL MODES)
POSN N 41 35R10 W 121 49R27 (7 "WORDS") Or...
POSN 41 35R10 N 121 49R27 W (same POSN...still seven words)
(Both are acceptable, but I prefer saying/sending the N or W before the figures.)
By using the R (decimal in CW) it automatically tells the receiving station
that the POSN given is stated in degrees, minutes and tenths (or hundreds)
of minutes.
"The jury is still out" on this subject. If you have any comments or suggestions send them to us.
FINALLY: However POSN is sent...it must be sent in a way that CANNOT be interpreted in any other way. And "POSN" MUST be sent (and received) with ONE HUNDRED PERCENT ACCURACY...EVERY SINGLE TIME!
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text:
New Arrivals
mouse over photo to zoom click for larger image
So Slimming By Chico's V-Neck Dress
Available in Regular and Petite
The v-neck, sleeved, sheath dress: your figure-flattering go-to from our So Slimming collection. Crafted in cling-free Ponte knit with an exposed back zipper for a modern edge.
- The So Slimming collection: look instantly slimmer with our Hidden Fit technology. Interior shaping panels in a sheath silhouette create the super-slim effect.
- Length: 38.5".
- 70% rayon, 26% nylon, 4% spandex.
- Machine wash. Imported.
We're so sorry: this item sold out sooner than expected. For an equally chic substitute, please call our Personal Service Associates at 1.888.855.4986. Or click on Chico's Chat below for immediate assistance.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Daytrip Crew Neck Sweatshirt
SALE $14.97 was $29.95 Item #8485736311GG4
Sorry, this product is currently not available on buckle.com.
- Distressed graphic French terry sweatshirt
- Faux button tab sleeves
- 60% Cotton, 40% Polyester.
- Turn inside out. Machine wash cold with like colors, delicate cycle. Do not bleach. Tumble dry low, remove promptly. Low iron if needed. Do not iron decoration.
- Made in China.
Have a Question?
Email Guest Services.
We changed our page. Tell us what you think.
- Body length 24" on size medium.


text:
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text:
Preserve your car's life with oil changes
To keep your car on the road longer, one of the most important things you can do it stay up-to-date on its oil changes.
According to AutoMD, oil issues are among the most common and costly car maintenance problems.
To avoid issues, make sure you change your oil at the recommended times. While newer cars don't need oil changes as often as older vehicles, it's still important to get the oil changed. Oil helps your engine run correctly, so old oil can cause your car to not function as well as it should be.
For older cars that go through oil faster, they are in danger of driving on too low of an oil level. To avoid this, it's recommended that you check your car's oil every two weeks.
If you have questions regarding how often you need to change your car's oil, the owner's manual can be a good place to get all of the information you need.
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read the Terms of Service and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms.


text:
It Takes a Circle
October 21st, 2011 - By Therese Madden
The Prime Time Sister Circles use the power of the group to get healthy. Together these groups of African American women use this social setting to share techniques to manage stress, improve nutrition, and get moving. And, have fun!
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, African American women have the highest rates of obesity in the United States. One program created by two friends is working to change this. "My name is Dr. Gayle Catherine Porter and I am 66-years-old. My name is Marilyn Hughes Gatson and I am 72-years-old, I'm a physician, Dr. Porter is a clinical psychologist, so we deal with mind body and spirit."
These women have dedicated much of their careers to helping people live healthier lives, especially in minority and underserved communities. In recent years, Dr. Gatson and Dr. Porter have made a switch from treating individual patients to bringing women together in groups. These gatherings, are called Prime Time Sister Circles, Dr. Porter explains. "Prime Time Sister circles are support groups of African American women between the ages of 40 to 75 that are designed to empower women and to change our behaviors." Groups focus on stress management, nutrition, and increasing physical activity. Circles are free of charge and confidential. Betty Jackson is part of a circle in Philadelphia. It's only the 4th week in, but she's already lost 18 pounds. Ms. Jackson, who is diabetic, says it's the camaraderie that has helped her, even more than the information. "They saying what I already knew, you know sometime you have a hard head? Hard head make a soft bottom."
Ms. Jackson is the primary caregiver for her three grandchildren and doesn't usually make time for herself, this is another goal of the Circles. "I get to go out every Thursday for two hours and I go 'ahh' and we discuss things that are happening in other households. It's kinda like o.k. I'm not the only one going through that." Even in this short time, Ms. Jackson feels close to the other women in the group, close enough that one of the reasons she sticks to her diet is because she doesn't want to disappointment them. "So, I don't want to go and look in their face every week knowing that I ate a big hunk of cake and some ice cream on the side. So, I'm being accountable for my actions and it works."
Doctor Porter says the reason they chose women of this age for the circle is because of their roles in the family and community. "What we are pushing is, if you don't change mothers and the grandmothers and the aunts who buy the food and who prepare the food you are never going to be able to change what the 6-year-old eats. A 6-year-old doesn't walk into a grocery store and buy food. So, we think there has to be a more holistic approach to doing it, and you cannot avoid including these pivotal people in the live of our community."
And judging from Ms. Jackson this theory works. In addition to changing the way she eats, she says her grandchildren's meals have gotten a whole lot healthier.


text:
Last week NME published their list of the top 100 Britpop songs. I decided to compile as many of them as I could into a Spotify playlist in ascending order. If you're not familiar with Britpop now, you will be by the time you get to Pulp's "Common People", which holds to top spot according to the editors. You've got many hours of listening in front of you. Thankfully, it's mostly pleasant.
With genre mainstays Pulp, Blur, Oasis, Suede, Supergrass and The Boo Radleys well represented in the list, the editors did their research and included many forgotten (at least by me) gems, as well as tracks I'd never heard before. It's sure to provide some entertainment/enlightenment equally for those of you who are new or under exposed to the genre, as well as those of you that consider yourselves connoisseurs. The playlist also serves as a reminder as to why those of us in the latter have been listening to some of these songs for the last 2 decades – solid writing and production have helped age many of these tunes with minimal wear.
Click here for the Spotify playlist
If you like this type of sound and you live in Denver, be sure to come out to The Armoury tomorrow night (Saturday, May 18) because myself and Jake Ryan will be spinning some Britpop (and baggy and glam and indie and and and….)


text:
On the grand list of things to worry about, the internet is rarely far from our minds. We brood about privacy, security, and access, and we agonize over whether social media is guilty of making us lonely, reinforcing fast, lazy thinking, and damaging our relationships with each other and the real world.
It's no surprise that many scientists are skeptical about the utility of social media, and disinclined to invest the energy in exploring how they might use it, right? Why would anyone add yet one more thing – with questionable return on investment – to our grinding workloads?
At COMPASS, we spend a lot of time thinking about mobilizing science and supporting culture change, and I think it helps to start by asking: what do I get out of this? How does it support or improve the hard work I already am doing? In my experience, social media is not just changing the way we can share finished research results, but it's changing the way we do the work of science. [Read more...]


text:
ER: Season 10, Episode 17
The Student (1 Apr. 2004)
TV Episode - - Drama
Ratings: 7.4/10 from 76 users
Reviews: write review
Carter defends his protege Neela when Weaver and other doctors rate the residents. Carter urges his student to be more proactive in the emergency room, but Neela goes too far in treating a ... See full summary »
Director:Paul McCrane
Writers:Michael Crichton (created by), David Zabel, 2 more credits »
Stars:Noah Wyle, Maura Tierney, Mekhi Phifer | See full cast and crew »


text:
Gosudar ostinato rigore
People always tell the truth.
You just have to figure out what it is that they are telling you the truth about.
sad and beautiful
10 years after introducing 43 Things to the world, we have decided we have met our last goal: completing the incredible experience that has been 43 Things. Please join us in giving one last cheer to all the folks who have shared their goals with the world, as well as all the people who have worked at The Robot Co-op to build this incredible website. We won a Webby Award, published a book, and brought happiness to a lot of people.
Starting today, 43 Things users can export their goals and entries from the site. Starting August 15, we will make the site "read only". 43 Things users will still be able to view the site and export their content, but we won't be taking any new content from users. We hope to leave the site up for folks to see and download their content until the end of the year. Ending on New Year's Eve takes us full circle.
It has been a long ride (one of our original goals was to "build a company that lasts at least 2 years" - we beat that one!) While we wish the site could live on, it has suffered from a number of challenges - changes in how people use the site, the advertising industry, and how search engines view the site. We wish the outcome was different – but we've always been realistic about when our goals are met and when they aren't.
As of today, you will be able to download your goals and entries. See more about that on the FAQ page. Thanks for 10 great years of goal-setting and achieving.
- The Robots.
How I did it: you have to think of the way people approach customers, "the customer is always right". assume that people are right in what they are saying and doing, because that is the way that they have probably gone about doing it. so then you can get to understand them better.
Gosudar ostinato rigore
You just have to figure out what it is that they are telling you the truth about.
sad and beautiful


text:
Summary: Draco is the SPAG master!!! Harry's his bitch!
Categories: The Broomshed > The Changing Room
Characters: Draco Malfoy, Harry Potter
Genres: Comedy, Ficlet
Time Period: Post-War
Warnings: None
Series: SPAG!Draco!
Chapters: 1 Table of Contents
Completed: Yes
Word count: 1113 Read Count: 784
Penname: kayoko [Contact] Real name:
Member Since: 12/05/2009
Membership status: Member
Membership status: Member
Stories by kayoko [0] Series by kayoko [0] Reviews by kayoko [1] Challenges by kayoko [0] Challenges by kayoko [0] Favorite Series [0] kayoko's Favorites [0]
Reviews by kayoko
Unsolicited Criticism by Rickey_A Rated: MT - Mature Themes [Reviews - 2]
[Report This] Published: 10/25/2009 Updated: 10/25/2009
Reviewer: kayoko Signed
Date: 12/06/2009 Title: Chapter 1: Unsolicited Criticism
OMG, this is hilarious!
Date: 12/06/2009 Title: Chapter 1: Unsolicited Criticism
OMG, this is hilarious!
Author's Response: thanks :)


text:
2 people found this helpful
"Hotwire is not a place for you if you have a pulse. Cooperate passive aggressive culture. They just want yes men. "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at Hotwire
great travel perks. Great SF financial district location
Cooperate passive aggressive culture. Agile but still very command and control with a lot of useless meetings.
Fire your middle managers and make them apply for their jobs again. Being able to schedule meetings is not a skill.
124 Other Employee Reviews for Hotwire (View Most Recent)Sort: Rating Date
1 person found this helpful
I have been working at HotwirePros
challenging environment
good compensation
work-home balance
good projectsCons
no proper career training and mentorship though management keeps saying big words about individual trainingAdvice to ManagementAdvice
you guys are doing a good job!!Keep UPRecommendsApproves of CEO
2 people found this helpful
"Hotwire is a great place to work "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at HotwirePros
I really like the atmosphere in Hotwire - friendly team, collaborative, and goals oriented. Professional management and engineering teams. Interesting tasks!Cons
I don't see many Cons at Hotwire. It may look a bit conservative, but still ok in terms of career development.Advice to ManagementAdvice
I like the way you manage transformation at Hotwire. Moving to Agile is a big and right step for the entire company.RecommendsApproves of CEO


text:
Wednesday, Nov. 27, 2013
Ed called up Charley and said the two of them owed it to themselves to go on one last Wisconsin deer hunt. They weren't getting any younger and everybody else in their old deer hunting party was long gone. Boy, those were some great memories, if only they could remember them


text:
Annecy Indoor Zhejiang China (Mainland) T/T
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Key Company Ltd. Poland L/C,T/T
Hanging and wall-mounted internally illuminated signs in a various shape. Hanging and wall-mounted internally illuminated signs in a various shape; made of moulded or bent acrylic glass, polystyrene and other synthetic materials
ORLANTO M-02 Jiangsu China (Mainland) 1000 Unit/Units per Month L/C,T/T,Western Union,MoneyGram
1. Anodized Aluminum Profile structure, anti-rust. 2. Car-grade hi-quality Painting. 3. Laser Acrylic Letter 4. Screen print INDOOR Free Standing SIGNS1. Anodized Aluminum Profile structure, Aluminum panel.2. Car-grade painting.3
Guangdong China (Mainland) Full Color Shen Zhen, China Indoor JY-D14-1R1G1B 14mm ISO9001/CE (option: RoHS/UL) T/T,Western Union,MoneyGram,Payment terms: irrevocable 100% invoice value L/C at sight
JIAYAO Outdoor LED Display Features: -Big viewing angle distance; -OriginalCree,UVProof; -CE, UL,ISO9001-2000, ISO14001; led signSpecifications (VDD/VLED=5V, Ta=25 oC)ItemSpecificationsUnitRemarksMinTypeMaxDisplaying Colors-16,777
Long life > 10 years. Low maintenance cost. Long life > 10 years. Low maintenance cost. Low energy consumption. Multi-character fonts. (serif, sans serif, upper/lower case, wide, double wide, shadowing, international) Variable font sizes
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Shenzhen 1 Square Meter/Square Meters 5000 Square Meter/Square Meters per Month T/T
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US $ 20 - 300 / Piece 15-20days Shenzhen Hopthink full color D10206 Guangdong China (Mainland) L/C,T/T,Western Union
Indoor Programmable Led Sign , Find Complete Details about Indoor Programmable Led Sign,Indoor Programmable Led Sign,Led Moving Message Display Sign,Led Moving Message Display Sign from EL Products Supplier or Manufacturer-Hopthink (Shenzhen) Industry Co
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Zhejiang China (Mainland) Blue blue hangzhou/shanghai Indoor indoor Other L/C,T/T,Western Union
INDOOR BLUE ONE-LINE LED MESSAGE SIGN HI7--120P7.62B INDOOR BLUE ONE-LINE LED MESSAGE SIGN1.5- or 2.1-inch charactersBlue CharactersRemot control or pc message entryMax.viewing distance up to 100 feetAluminum alloy enclosurePower source
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1.Clear text; 2. Esay install and use 3. High brightness 4. Energy-saving; 5.Convenient and easy maintenance Technology parameter (indoor)SpecificationP4Pixel pitch4mmPixel density(dots/m2)62500Board size (mm*mm)128*128Display primary colorRed
Guangdong China (Mainland) Full Color RGB SHENZHEN/Hong Kong Indoor L/C,T/T LAMP display 10000 Square Meter/Square Meters per Month
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1000,000 Piece/Pieces per Year T/T,Western Union
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08104 EU EU08104 10, 000 pcs/year China Indoor CE Full Color
1): LED display music function: MP3 music stereo output, can store 30 music. 2): Character Size: 1.5-or 2.1-or-4.8-7.2 or 9.6inch Characters. 3): Character Color: Mono/Multi-color/Rgb Characters. 4): Message Input: Remote Control or PC message entry
Sino-Colour Full Color shenzhen Indoor P5 5mm Guangdong China (Mainland) T/T,Western Union
5000 square meter factory receive minimum order competitive price CE&RoHs certificate Pixel Pitch: 5mmPixel Density: 40000 dots/m2 Brightness: ≥1800 cd/m2Viewing Angle: H:160°,V:120° LED Specification: SMD 0603Pixel Configuration
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Led Indoor Sign Led Indoor Led Sign Display , Find Complete Details about Led Indoor Sign Led Indoor Led Sign Display,Led Indoor Sign Billboard,Led Sign Display,Indoor Led Sign from Electronic Signs Supplier or Manufacturer-Shenzhen Eastar Electronic Co.
Guangdong China (Mainland) Shenzhen customized 40*25cm 3w-11w VED5024 acrylic+LED L/C,D/A,D/P,T/T,Western Union,MoneyGram
edge light sign,LED-Acrylic-Sign,LED sign display,bar sign,logo sign,indoor sign,open sign display 1. Any shape and letter etched for your brand or Logos.2. Stand-off, wall-mounted or hanging model3. Aluminum base and Acrylic pannel4. LED color:
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HT 7.62mm Animation Blue Guangdong China (Mainland) Indoor
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Shenzhen / Hongkong US $ 19 - 299 / Set 1 Set/Sets 2000 Set/Sets per Month T/T,Western Union
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Aluminium indoor flat sign board sign panel are widely used because of their durability in all weather their light weight sign panel are widely used because of their durability in all weather, their light weight, and their great longevity
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Led Indoor Advertising Signs Light Box , Find Complete Details about Led Indoor Advertising Signs Light Box,Led Indoor Advertising Sign,Indoor Advertisement Light Box,Super Slim Light Box from Advertising Light Boxes Supplier or Manufacturer-Shenzhen Kai
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Shenzhen 1 Square Meter/Square Meters 3000 Square Meter/Square Meters per Month L/C,T/T
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Ningbo/Shanghai US $ 20 - 30 / Piece 1 Piece/Pieces 10000 Piece/Pieces per Month T/T,Western Union
Luminous Sign Box For Advertising Indoor/outdoor , Find Complete Details about Luminous Sign Box For Advertising Indoor/outdoor,Luminous Sign Box,Light Box,Round Rotating Light Box from Advertising Light Boxes Supplier or Manufacturer-Cangnan County Long
China (Mainland) Full Color CE,Rohs,ETL Shenzhen Indoor Focono-IF6S 6mm Full color
Module size: 192mm x 96mm Pxiel Configuration: RGB Wide Viewing Angle(140 deg.) 4800Hz Refresh Rate Low Power Consumption Indoor full color Pitch 6mm LED display is an high solution LED display product that can be used for indoor advertising
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Clear Lucite Sign Block/acrylic Indoor Signage , Find Complete Details about Clear Lucite Sign Block/acrylic Indoor Signage,Acrylic Indoor Signage,Acrylic Logo Block,Engraved Acrylic Block from Plastic Crafts Supplier or Manufacturer-Guangzhou Oumeng Tra
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China (Mainland),Guangdong green and red hidly HSP 30*60*2.5cm hiqh quality acrylic and ABS Panel 100000 hours static,wave chasing and flash
Product Description led pharmacy cross sign Application: LED Pharmacy Cross is a very effective communication and advertising tool, which can display variable messages indoor or outdoor to highlight your pharmacy in the city and impress the potential
Guangdong China (Mainland) Shenzhen Single Red P4R L/C,T/T,Western Union CCY Dot matrix 10,000 Piece/Pieces per Month
LED wall display, Light, Eye catching, Excellent outline design Indoor F3.0(P4mm)Single Color LED Sign1. Pitch: 4.0mm2. Module size:256*128mm 64*32dots3. Driving Mode: 1/16 scan4. Color 1 Red5. Viewing angle: 140/110 degree(H/V)6. Brightness


text:
- Horse Blankets And Sheets
- Western
- English
- Horse Boots / Wraps
Horse Care
- Grooming Supplies
- Supplements
- Therapy Center
- Fly Spray / Fly Repellent
- First Aid / Leg Care
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- Name/Stall Plates
- Water Buckets / Waterers
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- Recently Added
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- 50% Off
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- Schneiders Sensational Steals
- Horse Blankets & Sheets
- Western Equipment
- English Equipment
- Arabian / Mini Equipment
- Horse Care
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- Western Apparel
- English Apparel
- Outerwear
- Dog Products
- Gifts / Books / Misc
- 2014 Commemorative Apparel
Value Priced Horse Supplies Since 1948
- Email Sign Up
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Need Help?
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Call Us
Call us toll free at 1-800-365-1311
We're available:
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Email your question or comment to email@example.com
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Find information on topics such as shipping, order tracking, returns, exchanges, warranties, international orders & more.
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Tell us what products you'd like to see or how we can improve.
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Field / Hunt Boots
On the flat, over fences or on a hunt, field boots have a long standing tradition in the English disciplines. Traditional dress boots are required and define every level of competition.
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- Reflective material on boot heels
- Molded footbed lined with PU waterproof membrane
- Outsoles designed to provide grip
- Ladies whole sizes
$119.99 $107.99


text:
The 20 enjoyable, interactive classroom activities that are included will help your students understand the text in amusing ways. Fun Classroom Activities include group projects, games, critical thinking activities, brainstorming sessions, writing poems, drawing or sketching, and more that will allow your students to interact with each other, be creative, and ultimately grasp key concepts from the text by "doing" rather than simply studying.
1. Map
Choose one period in time during this novel and create a map that represents Palestine and the surrounding areas. Mark who controls what and what places are being disputed.
2. Comic Book
Turn a section of this novel into a comic book.
3. Packing List
Create a packing list for Ibrahim. Include the things he should bring with him as he leaves Tabah. Why these items?
4. Crossword
Create a crossword puzzle using Arab terminology from this novel. Make enough copies for classmates to play.
5. Poem
This section contains 535 words
(approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page)


text:
Add an event Show Calendar We found 6 events. Having trouble? Let us know! filter events
Feb 18
Titans Select 15U High School Summer Baseball team looking for 3 players
Titans Select 15U college showcase baseball team looking for 3 players, middle infield and pitchers a plus, college showcase tournaments and WWBA, firstname.lastname@example.com
Feb 18
Local sports
U12AAA Missouri based tournament baseball team needs 1 player for 2013 season. Practices already underway. Call Jim Vahle at 314-740-4701 if interested.
Feb 18
Fly Tying
February 18, 2013
Fly Tying Ever wondered how to tie flies? We have informational and hands-on training sessions on Monday's and Wednesday evenings at 6:30pm. Come learn a new hobby! Registration is required. Please call 816-795-4300 and ask for a fly shop associate for more information....
Feb 18
Crocheted Scarves, 2/18/13, 6:30 pm,
Need a new hobby?
Feb 18 9:00 am
Feb 18 6:00 pm


text:
|NSFW Content
|User Rankings
|Original Content
|Funny Pictures
|Funny Videos
|Funny GIFs
|YouTube Videos
|RSS Feeds
Generalized Occupational Aptitude Test
thelizardlord Channel: fallout
Read for important announcements:
Aid my quest: www.funnyjunk.com/channel/fallout/I+am+your+Elder+now/NvvBLAi
Pick my icon: www.funnyjunk.com/Pick+my+icon/text/5080140/
Click on the links if you want. I'm not forcing you.
You might also want to visit the Ask Bigsley blog: ask-scribe-bigsley.tumblr.com/
But now, a serious announcement:
I am aware that you, my dear subscribers don't get informed when I upload my wonderful fallout content. So, in case you want to know, please add me as your friend, and I shall find out how to make mass messages.
I am telling you this so you know what you're signing up for.
And more fallout stuff is coming. I promise.
Also, if you got some good Fallout OC you'd want to post please do so in our beloved fallout channel: www.funnyjunk.com/channel/fallout Don't forget the clever title, the description and proper tagging which our beloved admin likes so much.
And if you haven't subscribed or joined already, please do.
Top Rated Controversial Best Lowest Rated Newest Per page:Order:
What do you think? Give us your opinion. Anonymous comments allowed.
Hide Hide All +Fav (9) Edit Image Reply +157#13 - thatguyblaze (04/01/2014) [+] (4 replies)
#4 - drturkleton (04/01/2014) [+] (3 replies)Only GOAT I need in my life.
#19 - dvdstvns (04/01/2014) [+] (9 replies)Laundry cannon operator? sign me up!
#1 - letrollzor (04/01/2014) [+] (1 reply)
#40 - ilbacondeity (04/02/2014) [+] (1 reply)
#41 to #40 - ilbacondeity (04/02/2014) [-]
#39 - Ihazfunkitty (04/02/2014) [-]
#5 - willindor ONLINE (04/01/2014) [+] (2 replies)
Isn't jukebox repairman a rather specific job for a small community such as Vault 101?
#38 - mightypoggers (04/02/2014) [-]
#26 - theqotsakiller (04/02/2014) [-]
#17 - magikarpisgod (04/01/2014) [+] (3 replies)
Are you kidding me? When I played Fallout 3 on my PS3 I didn't get the 4th question. Maybe it was a censorship because here at Spain we don't know **** about baseball.
#2 - mistermanne (04/01/2014) [+] (2 replies)
once i figured out how to skip i just skipped every time i play now.
saves a lot of time.
saves a lot of time.
#37 - zerepkcin ONLINE (04/02/2014) [-]See Fallout content. Must post.
Tunnel Snakes Rule
Tunnel Snakes Rule
#14 - alucord (04/01/2014) [+] (5 replies)
#31 - fightforfate ONLINE (04/02/2014) [+] (2 replies)
i got overseer once, i don't know how.
#45 - jacencaedus (04/02/2014) [-]
I'm sorry, Laundry Cannon Operator?
#43 - darthsalias ONLINE (04/02/2014) [-]
i always got the pip boy programmer but now im going to go for tattoo artist!
#30 - enderpumpkin (04/02/2014) [+] (2 replies)
You could also just ask to choose your own attributes, as I'm sure most people do.
#27 - dasterdlygentleman (04/02/2014) [+] (2 replies)
oh wow, i beat the game in three different base styles with varying karma and got fry cook every time, i thought you got that answer no matter what
Leave a comment


text:
Position: Senior System Analyst/Application Support
Location: Hillsboro, OH
Nature & Scope: The Systems Analyst will work closely Single Family Lending and Default Management business areas and subject matter experts to improve business efficiency and productivity.
Responsibilities Include:
Minimum Qualifications:
If you would like to apply for this position, please submit your resume to email@example.com.
NCB is on:
The NCB Financial Group consists of the Congressionally-chartered National Consumer Cooperative Bank (NCCB) and NCB, FSB, a federally insured savings bank wholly owned by NCCB. The NCB Financial Group provides financial products and services for the nation's cooperatives, their members, and socially responsible organizations.


text:
- Product Details
- Reviews (0)
This is a cotton/poly blend reversible brown and off-white fabric. Great for Upholstery.
Color: Brown/Off-White
Width: 55"
Content: 56% COTTON, 44% POLYESTER
V Repeat: 0.81
H Repeat: 0.81
Learn about fabric careHOW TO CARE FOR COTTON FABRICS: Machine-wash warm or cold, tumble dry. Pull straight from the dryer to prevent wrinkles, or iron while damp. Prewash cotton fabrics before cutting out your pattern Mood strongly recommends test-laundering a swatch, if you plan to wash your garment or home furnishings yourself.


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1975 Oldsmobile Delta 88 Convertible350 V8Leather, Power windows, power locks, power top, only 33,000 Actual miles.... More
This is a 1970 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 tribute. This car stands out in blue metallic paint and white vinyl interior. Under the hood you... More
GR Auto Gallery is pleased to present this 1970 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme SX 455 Convertible for purchase. In 1970 & 1971, the Cutlass Supreme... More
This 1970 Oldsmobile 98 convertible represents a great deal of luxury convertible for not a lot of cash and offers a driving experience that... More
This 1970 Oldsmobile Cutlass convertible is so much nicer than most that the price seems like we're giving it away. With a fresh restoration... More
Numbers matching pristine in every way 1972 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Sport. 350 Olds Rocket auto with all factory options. power steering power brakes... More
We are open to offers and trades. Call Derek at 727-361-8026 for details! The 1975 olds hurst w-30 as shown by this... More
For sale in our Detroit showroom is a 1977 Oldsmobile Toronado. This legendary mammoth was one of the choices General Motors offered in their... More
Gorgeous 442 Tribute ... Matador Red ... Bucket Seats ... Center console ... 350 CID V-8 ... Automatic ... Power front disc brakes ... If... More
1975 Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale1975 was the final year for the delta 88 convertible -- only 7181 were produced. This one is powered by... More
GR Auto Gallery is pleased to present this 1973 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 Coupe. This is not your ordinary run-of-the-mill '73 442. This is a... More
Create a stir where ever you go with this crowd pleasing 1972 Olds Cutlass Custom with a BIG BLOCK 455 V-8! Muscle and luxury... More
18,169 DOCUMENTED MILES ON THIS ORIGINAL ONE OWNER TILL RECENT. BOUGHT FROM THE ESTATE OF MISS GEORGIA DAVIS. IT WAS A SOUTHERN CAR WITH... More
ONLY APPROXIMATELY 2400 PACE CAR EDITIONS BUILT. THEY USED A VERY ATTRACTIVE COLOR COMBINATION OF BLACK & SILVER WITH RED ACCENTS. SET OFF BY... More
GR Auto Gallery is pleased to present this 1970 Oldsmobile 442 Convertible for purchase. 1970 was the pinnacle of performance from Oldsmobile. GM dropped... More


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On getting down to 99 pounds while shooting Jennifer's Body: "I decided I would turn myself into a zombie. I got super, super skinny, stayed out of the sun for four months, and got to where I was losing my eyelashes and my eyebrows."
On wanting to keep the status of her relationship private: "No, I do not want to comment on my relationship, period. It's private. It doesn't belong to the world. It's mine. It's Brian's. It's not for other people to judge and talk about and write about in In Touch Weekly."
On the theory that her sudden success emasculated Green: "He went through this already, and he doesn't want it backIt was horrible. So he has sympathy. He's the one person that I know that if I'm struggling and everything's getting crazy, I can call."
On misbehaving while growing up: "I was grounded for all my childhood. Not mostall. I wasn't doing anything particularly crazy. I just never appreciated authority figures preaching to me."


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Oh yes! good old space shooter!!
In this space shooter game you have to fly a space battle ship and destroy all incoming enemies. Upgreating your weapon with take a power.
+New Sound and Music System Completed.
+New Cinematic System Completed.
+New Collision System Completed.
+New Model File Format Completed.
-New Bosses.
-New Enemies.
-New Shader System Writing.
-New Render System Writing.
Oh yes! good old space shooter!!


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Can I use the same location for two IM injections and how far apart?
- 0Jul 22, '13 by smooshcricketsI have a 1ml Testosterone IM injection and a 1ml B12 IM injection to give monthly to a patient. I have been injecting both into one deltoid muscle, about 2 inches apart from each other. Is this okay in order to avoid having two sore arms? The patient is 45years old and obese, at 350lbs, and has very thick arms.
- 0Jul 22, '13 by Esme12, BSN, RN Senior Moderatormoved to patient meds for best response


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The National Security Agency released an email exchange between Edward Snowden and its Office of General Counsel on Thursday after questions arose from a NBC interview that aired Wednesday night.
During the interview with NBC's Brian Williams, Snowden said he contacted the NSA's Office of General Counsel to express his concerns. Williams said NBC filed a Freedom of Information Act request with the NSA seeking that email. On Thursday, Examiner did the same. This afternoon, the NSA released the following statement:
NSA has now explained that they have found one email inquiry by Edward Snowden to the Office of General Counsel asking for an explanation of some material that was in a training course he had just completed. The e-mail did not raise allegations or concerns about wrongdoing or abuse, but posed a legal question that the Office of General Counsel addressed. There was not additional follow-up noted. The e-mail will be released later today.
There are numerous avenues that Mr. Snowden could have used to raise other concerns or whistleblower allegations. We have searched for additional indications of outreach from him in those areas and to date have not discovered any engagements related to his claims.
The April 5, 2013 email, available here, begins, "Hello, I have a question regarding the mandatory USSID 18 training." It continues:
The training states the following:
(U) The Hierarchy of Governing Authorities and Documents is displayed from the
highest authority to the lowest authority as follows:
U.S. Constitution
Federal Statutes/Presidential Executive Orders (EO)
Department of Defense (DoD) and Office of the Director of National
Intelligence (ODNI) Regulations
NSA/CSS Directives and Policies
SID Management Directives and Policies
Office Policies
I'm not entirely certain, but this does not seem correct, as it seems to imply
Executive Orders have the same precedence as law. My understanding is that
EOs may be superseded by federal statute, but EOs may not override statute.
Am I incorrect in this? Between EOs and laws, which have precedence?
Similarly, between DOD and ODNI regulations, which has greater precedence?
Could you please clarify?
Thank you very much,
The office replied:
Hello Ed,
Executive Orders (E.O.s) have the "force and effect of law." That said, you are correct that E.O.s cannot override a statute.
In general, DOD and ODNI regulations are afforded similar precedence though subject matter or date could result in one having precedence over another.
Please give me a call if you would like to discuss further.


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Family feuds often revolve around moneyFebruary 17,2013One of the quickest ways to destroy a relationship is by fighting over money. And the battles can get particularly ugly and hurtful when they are among family members.
As part of a new feature, Im inviting you to send me your stories about a monetary dilemma in your family. Who do you think is right in your familys financial fight? Let me help you figure it out.
To that end, heres a predicament one reader wanted me to help her with.
The family background: Shes one of three daughters of divorced parents. Two sisters are married and employed, but dont have children. A third sister, who works part time, is divorced with a teenage son.
The financial background: As it stands now, their 82-year-old mothers assets will be divided equally among the three daughters.
Since the one sisters divorce, she has been living at her mothers condo without significantly contributing financially to the household. For a time, the sisters teenage son also lived there. Neither parent of the teenager has saved for the young mans college expenses.
Basically, both are banking on my parents to pay for their sons education, the reader wrote.
The conflict: Recently, the mother moved to an assisted-living facility. Meanwhile, my sister continues to live in my mothers condo. She has begun, for the first time in nine years, to pay the utilities and other bills. Otherwise, she and my nephew lived there for all those years with my mother paying for everything.
Perhaps the sister isnt factoring in the care her sibling gave to their mother in exchange for living there.
The sister who corresponded with me is upset that her sibling is pressing their mother, who has cancer, to put something in her will to pay for her grandsons college education.
My nephew is a nice kid, but he is not much of a student and I have doubts hed make it through a four-year college, the woman wrote. My mothers assets are fine, and she can afford to give him money for college. But I personally feel it would be a waste of time and that he might want to try working a bit and do a little maturing.
The dilemma: The correspondent sister wants to know if shes wrong to feel that it is the parents responsibility to pay for their sons schooling. Shouldnt her sister use her own inheritance instead of seeking a separate award for the son?
The grandmother wants to do something for her grandson and has talked about establishing a trust for him. She doesnt understand that someone other than my sister needs to be the trustee in charge of the funds. My mother is one who always helps the underdog, and in this situation I feel like she is rewarding my sister for being needy and irresponsible.
The bottom line: This is a common problem in many families. Aging parents are taking care of one or more of their not-so-responsible grown children. One or more family members are concerned that the parent or parents are being bamboozled.
In this case, I would assist the ailing mother in finding a good estate attorney. The attorney can help her determine the best way to will her money, including leaving some in a trust to her only grandchild to go to college. Thats a kind thing for her to do.
If there is a concern that either the young man or his mother will waste the money, the grandmother can set up the trust and designate a responsible person perhaps someone not in the family to oversee the distribution of money from her estate to the young man.
Before seeing the attorney, do some research on the difference between a trust and a will. Nolo.com has a good explanation of the pros and cons of each. Search for living trust vs. will.
Who is right in this type of financial fight?
I believe parents should, as best they can afford, pay for their childs college education. Indeed, the sister could do it with her share of the mothers estate. So yes, its quite audacious for the sister to push her ailing mother to pay.
Its reasonable to be concerned that an irresponsible adult child is taking advantage of the generosity of an aging parent. And yes, its fair to voice your concerns and even take steps to protect her assets so she wont go broke.
But in the end, its the mothers money to do with what she wants.
If youre mired in a money dispute with family members, send your story to firstname.lastname@example.com. In the subject line, put Who is right in my family financial fight? You can remain anonymous so you wont have to fight about putting your business in the street.
Michelle Singletary is a financial columnist for The Washington Post.MORE IN National / World BusinessA few years ago I attended a conference for women business owners. Full StoryNEW YORK While Hollywood continued to wrestle with the fallout of the Sony hacking scandal, the... Full StoryIn this season of hope and joy, it was sobering to me last night to see on the evening news a... Full Story
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