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Native American civil rights are the civil rights of Native Americans in the United States.
Although indigenous to the Americas, American Indians became one of many minorities and the movement for American Indian civil rights began almost as soon as Europeans started to arrive in the Western Hemisphere.[citation needed] Following the establishment of the United States of America, Native Americans were denied basic civil rights for many years. While American Indians did not have a particular period of fighting for their civil rights like the African American Civil Rights Movement,[citation needed] measures have been taken to achieve equal rights for American Indians throughout history.
Because American Indians are citizens of their tribal nations as well as the United States, and those tribal nations are characterized under U.S. law as "domestic dependent nations", a special relationship exists which creates a particular tension between rights granted via tribal sovereignty and rights that individual Indians retain as U.S. citizens. This "dual citizen" status creates tension within the U.S. colonial context even today, but was far more extreme before Indians were uniformly granted U.S. citizenship in 1924. As non-whites, and non-citizen indigenous people, the United States built discriminatory language into their own laws and took on special colonial projects that denied basic human rights—particularly in the areas of cultural expression and travel—to their indigenous non-citizen "wards".[1]
After years of unequal schooling, for reasons from racist schools to insufficiently funded schools, the National Indian Education Association (NIEA) was formed to fight for equal education for American Indians in 1969.[2] Another right American Indian Activists strove for was media protection: advocates went all the way to the United Nations to seek laws that protected the rights of Native people to own their own media, and for the prosecution of those who persecuted their journalists.[3] Religious rights and molestation had a part of American Indian oppression as well. Until 1935, American Indian people could be fined and sent to prison for practising their traditional religious beliefs.[4] In more recent times, there has been controversy around the use of American Indian symbols such as for school or team mascots. Concerns are that the use of the symbols distort American Indian history and culture and often stereotype in offensive ways, such as when "savages" is used...[5]
With the passage of the Indian Civil Rights Act (ICRA) in 1968, also called the Indian Bill of Rights, Native Americans were guaranteed many civil rights they had been fighting for.[6] The ICRA supports the following:[7]
Other civil rights such as sovereignty, hunting and fishing, voting, and traveling have been fought for or are being sought.[citation needed]
Indigenous religions in the Americas are diverse and complex. Religious practices range from individual prayers, rituals, and offerings to large intertribal ceremonies. Usually religious expressions were defined by one's tribe; however, religious practices do arise that span multiple tribes. Others include the idea of an earth diver, who draws land from the depths of a primordial ocean.
Each tribal group has its own oral histories, which can include creation stories. Some are emergence stories, discussing entering this current world from below the earth's surface.
Precontact religion was often closely tied to the land. "The land, the environment, and a strong sense of place all had great religious significance. Essentially everything was tied to the supernatural, which led to a proliferation of religious practices across the continent."[8] These concerns include the omnipresent, invisible universal force, taboos, pertaining to "the three 'life crises' of birth, puberty, and death," spiritual beings, revelations, human intercessors into the spirit world, and ceremonies that renew communities.[8]
Over the last five centuries, "Christianity has made enormous inroads into Native society."[9] This is due to both voluntary and forced conversion; however, not all tribes embraced Christianity, nor did all members of tribes.
"Euro-American contact and interactions contributed much to Indian marginality and the disruption and destruction of traditional customs and even the aboriginal use of psychoactive substances. This process was noted in the 1976 Final Report to the American Indian Policy Review Commission, Task Force Eleven: Alcohol and Drug Abuse.[10]
The American Indian Religious Freedom Act was passed in 1978. It allowed them freedom of religion except for the use of such important ceremonial items, as the eagle feathers or bones (a protected species) or peyote (considered a restricted drug by the federal government);[11] however, other laws provide for ceremonial use of these by Native American religious practitioners.
One example of Christianity's influence on Native American religion is the prominence of the figure of Jesus Christ in peyote ceremonies of the Native American Church,[12] which is a syncretic religion.
Many religious Native Americans today voluntarily practice Christianity, both Protestantism and Roman Catholicism, or a combination of Christianity and Native religion.[9]
Many indigenous religions arose in response to colonization. These include the Longhouse Religion, which arose at the end of the 18th century, and the Ghost Dance, Four Mothers Society, Indian Shaker Church, Kuksu religion, and others in the 19th century.
The Native American religion was initially suppressed by the colonists who came from Europe with their own particular goals. These included "God, gold, and glory"[13] and this conflicted with the American Indians way of life. From the time of Columbus's "discovery" of America, Native American religion has routinely been suppressed by English, Spanish, and other European colonists.[14]
The Christian Europeans who made the journey to the Americas believed it to be their duty to Christianize the Indian people. They felt it was their calling by God. Spaniards practiced Christianization in the New World using Pope Alexander VI's papal bull, Inter caetera. allowed rulers to "bring under their sway [non-Christian] 'countries and islands' discovered by Columbus, along with 'their residents and inhabitants, and to bring them to the Catholic faith.'"[15]
The missionaries developed "praying towns" to create "orderly Christian communities filled with model converts who were living and working under the watchful eye of a priest or pastor".[16] Within these communities converts to the Christian faith would be placed in a separate area from the remainder of the tribe in order to prevent regression back to their Indian beliefs. Missionaries such as John Eliot a puritan and Isaac McCoy a Baptist lead the way in the spread of their beliefs within these types of towns and amongst the Indians. These towns lead the way to the future separation of the Indians from the remainder of society in Indian reservations.
During the Progressive Era from the 1890s to the 1920s, a "quasi-theocracy" reigned in what federal policymakers called "Indian Country"; they worked hand-in-hand with churches to impose Christianity upon Native Americans "as part of the government's civilizing project".[17] Keeping in the vein of the colonialists before them, Progressive-Era policymakers found no need to separate religious endeavors concerning Native Americans from Indian political policy.[18] The government provided various religious groups with funds to accomplish Native American conversion. It was during this time that the government "discouraged or imposed bans on many forms of traditional religious practices, including the Sun Dance, use of peyote in ceremonial settings and observance of potlatch rituals."[17] The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), or the "Indian Office", as it was then called, played a role in the Christianization of Native Americans. Their boarding schools, often staffed by missionaries, removed Indian children from the tribe and away from the influence of their cultures.[17]
In order to pacify Christians, "some tribal religious practitioners modified elements of their traditional practices".[19] In the case of the Sun Dance, "a ceremony of renewal and spiritual reaffirmation", some tribes "omit[ted] the element of self-sacrifice (many participants observed the ritual of skin piercing), reduced the number of days for the ceremony from eight to two and otherwise emphasized the ceremony's social, rather than religious, features".[19] In the past, tribes have also moved religious days to coincide with national U.S. holidays.
Established in 1918, the Native American Church "emphasiz[ed] the importance of monogamy, sobriety, and hard work".[20] Today, it serves as an intertribal, multilingual network. The Native American Church has had a long struggle with the government of America due to their ancient and deeply spiritual religious practice using peyote. Peyote is a psychoactive substance that is found on a cactus and it is used for healing practices and in religious ceremony.[21] The use of this subject is highly debated due to the outbreaks of drug use especially the psychoactive ones among Americans today. Leaders of the American Indian Church argue that the use of peyote allows for a direct connection with gods and that peyote is not taken simply for its psychoactive effects. It is taken in the manner that one might take the sacraments of Christianity.[22] "Peyote is not habit forming and 'in the controlled ambiance of a peyote meeting it is in no way harmful'" Rather it is considered a unifying influence on the American Indian life because it provides the "basis for Indian friendships, rituals, social gatherings, travel, marriage, and more. It has been a source of healing and means of expression for a troubled people. And it has resulted in one of the strongest pan-Indian movements among American Indians".[23]
For years the government has been debating the subject of peyote use. In 1949 peyote use was condemned by the American Medical Association because findings in their study led them to believe that it was habit-forming drug. Congress then attempted to regulate the use of peyote in 1963 with little success, but under the Drug Abuse Control Act in 1965 it was on the list of forbidden psychedelic drugs. Under this act it did not place this on Native American peyotists who were using it for religious practice, though some suffered still under the hands of the state governments for having it in their possession. State laws differed from the United States government standards with states outlawing the use of peyote.[24] "By 1970, of the seventeen states that still had anti-peyote laws, only five did not provide exemptions for Indians to use peyote ritually." These were amended under the pressure from the Native American Church member if the members showed proof that they were at least 25 percent Native American. The states laws were generally similar to those of South Dakota, which says that "when used as a sacrament in services of the Native American Church in a natural state which is unaltered except for drying or curing or slicing", peyote use is permitted.[25] In 1978 the American Indian Religious Freedom Act there was mention of protection for peyote users, but this did not change the fact that they could still be charged. Because it is an "established religion of many centuries' history...not a 20th century cult nor a fad subject to extinction at a whim",[26] it continues to be somewhat protected under the law. Problems[clarification needed] have arisen when those who are not of Native American descent join the Native American Church solely for the use of peyote.
All American Indian tribes are under the U.S. government just as other minority groups. However, unlike other minority groups who are immigrants to the United States, American Indians are indigenous to American land and have therefore sought and gained sovereignty.[27] Native sovereignty is made complex by the fact that the British (in colonial times) and American government also co-exist in the same country.[28] Furthermore, American Indian "government" is not government in the traditional sense of authority and control, but is more like leadership over a community.[28] It is difficult to describe American Indian government in a definite manner due to the fact that there are many different Native tribes with different forms of governing. As of August 2012, there are federally recognized 564 American Indian tribes.[27] During the colonial period, American Indian sovereignty was upheld by the negotiation of treaties between British proprietor and American Indian tribes. Treaties are agreements between two sovereign governments, and, therefore, the treaties made were made under the understanding that the tribes had equal sovereignty to the sovereignty of the colonial governments.[28]
Although Native Americans consented to or were forced to give up their land, the government allotted them hunting and fishing rights both within their reservations and on their old land that had been sold to and settled by whites. The reserved rights doctrine allowed for tribes to hunt and fish, along with any other rights, as long as they were not specifically denied in a treaty. This angered white hunters and fishers who had restrictions placed on them by the government and they protested against the Indians' right to fish and hunt off of reservations. State agencies pointed out that conservation efforts were possibly compromised by the Native Americans' habits; however the Supreme Court upheld the privilege with certain cases, such as United States v. Winans (1905) and Antoine v. Washington (1975), even going so far as to appropriate from Native Americans the right to hunt and fish on all of their old grounds whether or not they were currently privately owned. The largest amount of opposition and resentment towards Native Americans' fishing and hunting rights stems from the Pacific Northwest.[29]
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the U.S. government attempted to control the travel of Native Americans off Indian reservations. Since Native Americans did not obtain U.S. citizenship until 1924, they were considered wards of the state and were denied various basic rights, including the right to travel.[30] The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) discouraged off-reservation activities, including the right to hunt, fish, or visit other tribes. As a result, the BIA instituted a "pass system" designed to control movement of the Indians. This system required Indians living on reservations to obtain a pass from an Indian agent before they could leave the reservation.[31] In addition, agents were often ordered to limit the number of passes they issued for off-reservation travel. The reasons cited for this limitation were that Indians with passes often overstayed the time limits imposed, and many times Indians left without requesting passes. When this occurred, the military was frequently called to help return the Indians to their reservations. For example, in April 1863, Superintendent J. W. Perit Huntington recovered 500 Native Americans from the Willamette Valley who had violated the pass system, and estimated that up to 300 escaped Indians were still in the area.[32]
While attempting to implement this pass system, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) received numerous complaints regarding Indians who traveled without permission. Many complained that Native Americans were killing game merely for the sport and were taking the hides. Other settlers complained that Indians overstayed their visits at neighboring reservations while neglecting their farming duties at home. For example, in December, 1893, Governor John E. Osborne of Wyoming wrote a letter to the BIA protesting that Indians from Fort Hall, Lemhi, Wind River, and Crow Reservations were leaving illegally. In response, the commissioner sent a note to all Indian agents stating that Indians who disobeyed the pass system would be arrested and punished by state officials.[33] Additional rules were also implemented at this time. For example, the Indian agents were now required to notify other reservations of the departure time of Indians, names of Indians, and the route they intended to follow.[34]
In addition to these concerns, many white settlers were unhappy with the travel of Native Americans on the railroads. For example, the Central Pacific Railroad in Nevada had granted Indians the privilege of riding on the roof and flatbeds of rail cars without tickets, in exchange for the right-of-way through their reservations.[35] Other railroad lines, including the Carson and the Colorado allowed free railroad travel to the Indians. Paiute Indians, for example, frequently rode the trains to their traditional hunting and fishing grounds. "Paiutes would pack up their gathering baskets and hop on the rails, take off a day or two to gather seeds, and bring their harvest back home again, on the car roofs. Men and women used free passes to travel into town or to ranches farther in the hinterlands for jobs."[36] Angry Indian agents, who wanted the Paiutes to stay under their jurisdiction, wrote letters urging the BIA to stop this free travel. According to one Indian agent, "The injurious effects of this freedom from restraint, and continual change of place, on the Indian, can not be overestimated."[36]
The loss of the right to free movement across the country was difficult for Native Americans, especially since many tribes traditionally traveled to hunt, fish, and visit other tribes. The passage of the Indian Citizenship Act in 1924 granted citizenship to all Indians born in America. As a result, American Indians were finally granted free travel in the United States. At the present time, Native Americans who live on reservations are free to travel as they wish.
In the 18th century, starting when the Constitution was created, there was a struggle to define what the Indian tribes' relationship was with the United States. Article 1, Section 2 of the Constitution states that Indians are not under the control of the United States, and therefore cannot be taxed.[37] The Constitution also stated that Congress has the power to "regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among several states, and with Indian tribes" as stated in Article I, Section 8. This means that the leaders of the United States at that time viewed Indians as somewhere in between foreign nations and American citizens.[38]
The Marshall Trilogy in 1831 helped define sovereignty by stating that the Cherokee nation was a distinct political society but a domestic dependent nation and one that "resembles that of a ward to a guardian".[39] Therefore Native Americans' relationship to the U.S. government was similar to that of people in an occupied land under the control of a foreign power.[40] This definition meant that Indian people did not have a right to vote. Further clarification was made when in 1856 Attorney General Caleb Cushing stated, "Indians are the subjects of the United States, and therefore are not, in mere right of home-birth, citizens of the United States.[41]
In 1817 the Cherokee became the first Native Americans recognized as U.S. citizens. Under Article 8 of the 1817 Cherokee treaty, "Upwards of 300 Cherokees (Heads of Families) in the honest simplicity of their souls, made and election to become American citizens."[42][43] When the Fourteenth Amendment and the first civil rights act were passed in 1866 regarding the role of African-Americans in the United States, citizenship of Indians was defined as well. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 states, "That all persons born in the United States, and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States".[44] The country at this time was not necessarily ready for Indians to become citizens. Senator Jacob Howard of Michigan commented, "I am not yet prepared to pass a sweeping act of naturalization by which all the Indian savages, wild or tame, belonging to a tribal relation, are to become my fellow-citizens and go to the polls and vote with me… (Congressional Globe 1866, 2895)".[44] This sentiment is also shown through a Senate floor debate regarding the Fourteenth Amendment where James Rood Doolittle of Wisconsin stated, "…all those wild Indians to be citizens of the United States, the Great Republic of the world, whose citizenship should be a title as proud as that of king, and whose danger is that you may degrade that citizenship (Congressional Globe 1866, 2892)." (McCool 3) One of his other concerns was that because of the substantial number of Indians at the time, their numbers would be able to overwhelm the power of the white vote.[44] As Doolittle argued, "there is a large mass of the Indian population who are clearly subject to the jurisdiction of the United States who ought not to be included as citizens of the United States…the word "citizen," if applied to them, would bring in all the Digger Indians of California".[45]
While not all Indians were granted citizenship at that time under a blanket law, there were some special considerations made to grant individual Indians citizenship. This in turn gave them the right of suffrage. For example, a treaty involving the United States and the Lakota people demonstrates this. In 1868 Article 6 of the Treaty of Fort Laramie stated that Indians could gain citizenship by "receiving a patent for land under the foregoing provisions… and be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of such citizens, and shall, at the same time retain all [their] rights to benefits accruing to Indians under this treaty".[46] The advantage of this was that the Indians could become citizens yet still maintain their status and rights as Indians.[47]
Even for signatory Indian Nations to the Fort Laramie Treaty, however, it was made clear though that just because a few Indians were citizens, it did not mean that they all in turn had the right to vote. In 1884, when John Elk, an Indian who lived in Omaha, Nebraska, attempted to register in local elections, he was refused a ballot. When he took the case to Supreme Court and through the Elk v. Wilkins trial, he was ruled against under the circumstances that Indians did not fall under the Fourteenth Amendment.[48] The Dawes Act in 1887 continued to pave the pathway for Indian citizenship in that members of certain Native American tribes who accepted an allotment of land was considered a citizen.[48] The goal was for Indians to, through assimilation, "adopt the habits of civilized life".[49] This movement certainly convinced a lot of Indians to gain citizenship. This is seen through President Theodore Roosevelt's statement on the allotment policy in which he reported that by 1901, 60,000 Indians had already become citizens of the United States.[50]
Piece by piece, more acts were created that added Indians to the citizenship rolls.[48] When the Indian Territory (what is now Oklahoma) was abolished in 1907, all Indians who lived in that territory were made citizens through the Oklahoma Enabling Act.[48]
Furthermore, after World War I, any Indian who had fought with honorable discharge was also considered a citizen through the Act of November 6, 1919.[51] As Native Vote states, "The underlying assumption of this act was that these particular Indians had demonstrated that they had become part of the larger Anglo culture and were no longer wholly Indian".[51]
By the early 1920s, Congress was considering a bill to make the remainder of Native Americans citizens in their aim to have them "adopt Anglo culture".[51] This finally was stated with the Indian Citizenship Act which was created on June 24, 1924. This act showed progress in that Indians would not have to give up being an Indian to be a citizen of the United States. This included being an enrolled member of a tribe, living on a federally recognized reservation, or practicing his or her culture.[51] However, this did not create the right to vote automatically.
There remained instances in many states that still prevented Indians from voting, even though they were citizens of the United States. For example, the attorney general of Colorado in 1936 declared that Indians could not vote because they were not citizens of the state.[52] Similarly, states found ways around voting in other ways. Because the Fifteenth Amendment 1870 barred states from limiting voting on account of race, states found other ways – residency: claiming that Native Americans were not residents of the state if they resided on reservations, self-termination: one must first abandon their tribal ties in order to vote, taxation: Indians who do not need to pay taxes cannot vote, guardianship: the claim that Native Americans were incompetent and "wards of the state", and on the lack of ability to read English (McCool 19)
With World War II and the need for more soldiers through the draft, Congress reaffirmed Native people's citizenship with the Nationality Act of 1940.[53] However, when some 25,000 veterans returned home after the war, they realized that even though they had put their lives on the line for their country, they were still not allowed to vote.[53]
In 1965 the Voting Rights Act (VRA) put an end to individual states claims on whether or not Indians were allowed to vote through a federal law. Section 2 of the VRA states that, "No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure, shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color".[54] Further sections describe the measures taken if violations to this act are discovered.
However, efforts by states and municipalities to disenfranchise American Indians are ongoing, such that there have been about 74 cases brought by or on behalf of Indians under the VRA or the Fourteenth or Fifteenth Amendment since 1965.[55] These in the most part have proved to be successful to upholding the rights of Native Americans as citizens of the United States. Most of these cases are centered on states that have large reservations, or Indian populations, such as New Mexico, Arizona and Oklahoma.
One of the major issues surrounding land ownership rights of the Native American Nations is for what they are and are not allowed to use their land.
A typical example of the struggle faced involved the Seneca Nation of New York State. On April 18, 2007, the Seneca Nation laid claim to a stretch of Interstate 90 that crosses the Cattaraugus Reservation by revoking the 1954 agreement that granted the Interstate Highway System and New York State Thruway Authority permission to build the highway through the territory. The move was a direct shot at New York Governor Eliot Spitzer's attempts to collect taxes on Seneca territory.[56] The Senecas had previously made the same claim in a lawsuit which they lost because of the state's assertion of sovereign immunity.[57] In Magistrate Heckman's Report and Recommendation it was noted that the State of New York asserted its immunity from suit against both counts of the complaint (one count was the challenge regarding the state's acquisition of Grand Island and other smaller islands in the Niagara River and another count challenging the thruway easement). The United States was permitted to intervene on behalf of the Seneca Nation and the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians. The United States was then directed to file an amended complaint that "clearly states the relief sought by the United States in this action". In this amended complaint the United States did not seek any relief on behalf of the Seneca Nation relative to the thruway easement. By not seeking such relief in its amended complaint the United States of America permitted the action relative to the thruway easement to be subject to dismissal based on New York's immunity from suit under the Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution.[58] On May 4, the Seneca Nation threatened to do the same with Interstate 86.[59]


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Cecil Textbook of Medicine.
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2002.
Conn's Current Therapy,
54th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2002.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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Department of Justice, Chapter 137
Rule Caption: Amends the Attorney General's Model Public Contract Rule 137-047-0270.
Adm. Order No.: DOJ 5-2012
Filed with Sec. of State: 2-27-2012
Certified to be Effective: 2-27-12
Notice Publication Date: 10-1-2011
Rules Amended: 137-047-0270
Subject: Permits amending a contract awarded under ORS 279B.070 (Intermediate Procurements) to increase the contract price to the greater of $150,000 or 25% of the original contract price.
Rules Coordinator: Carol Riches—(503) 947-4700
Intermediate Procurements
(1) Generally. For Procurements of Goods or Services greater than $5000 and less than or equal to $150,000, a Contracting Agency may Award a Contract as an intermediate Procurement pursuant to ORS 279B.070.
(2) Negotiations. A Contracting Agency may negotiate with a prospective Contractor who offers to provide Goods or Services in response to an intermediate Procurement to clarify its quote or Offer or to effect modifications that will make the quote or Offer more Advantageous to the Contracting Agency.
(3) Amendments. A Contracting Agency may amend a Contract Awarded as an intermediate Procurement in accordance with OAR 137-047-0800, but the cumulative amendments shall not increase the total Contract Price to a sum that is greater than $150,000.00 or twenty-five percent (25%) of the original Contract Price, whichever is greater.
Stat. Auth.:
Stats. Implemented: ORS 279B.070
Hist.: DOJ 11-2004, f. 9-1-04, cert. ef. 3-1-05; DOJ 20-2005, f. 12-27-05, cert. ef. 1-1-06; DOJ 15-2009, f. 12-1-09, cert. ef. 1-1-10; DOJ 5-2012, f. & cert. ef. 2-27-12
Oregon Secretary of State • 136 State Capitol • Salem, OR 97310-0722
Phone: (503) 986-1523 • Fax: (503) 986-1616 • firstname.lastname@example.com
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TweetSkills Minister Matthew Hancock has admitted that he was late for a Daybreak interview because he overslept. As skills minister he was going to discuss the government's latest plans on how young unemployed people could be made more employable. Hancock tweeted an admission of his extended slumber and has attempted to turn it into a […]
Tag Archives: omnishambles
"Somnishambles": Skills Minister misses TV interview after oversleeping
Posted in Left Foot Forward Also tagged Daybreak, Matthew Hancock, shirkers, somnishambles Leave a comment
Enough is enough: Can the government go just one day without looking incompetent?
Today, it was DECC's turn to look like DOSAC with the Secretary of State slapping down his junior minister over wind farms.
Posted in Sustainable Economy Also tagged Ed Davey, Energy, Heseltine, John Hayes, renewables, wind farms Leave a comment
Watch: Osborne's deputy's deputy's deputy's deputy Chloe Smith gets Paxo'd
Watch: Chloe Smith, who on her last appearance on Newsnight didn't know the difference between deficit and debt, was humiliated again over the fuel duty u-turn.
Posted in Sustainable Economy Also tagged chloe smith, Fuel Duty, George Osborne, Jeremy Paxman, Newsnight, u-turn 27 Responses
Osborne's inevitable pasty tax U-turn set to cost Treasury £35 million
Pasty makers celebrate today following chancellor George Osborne's pasty tax U-turn – but how will he make up the £35 million lost?
Posted in Sustainable Economy Also tagged budget 2012, George Osborne, pasties, pasty tax 11 Responses


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Herbal and original lida daidaihua
effective formula with daidaihua extracts
Ingredient list
Lida Daidaihua Capsule
Specification 350mgx30pills
Usage & Dosage 1time/day, 1capsule/time (before or after breakfast)
Storage Store in cool (room temperature), dry and dark condition
Precautio Not applicable for woman in pregnancy and patients of cordis-vasal disease and apoplexy
Ingredient Function Proportion in percentage Contents mg)
Daidaihua extracts restrain appetite, help digestion, and dispel expectorant 25% 70
Cassia Seed Extracts clear liver and eyesight and stimulate evacuation of bowels 17% 47.6
Jobstears Seed discompose extract body fat, clear heat and exclude toxicity 15% 42
Mulberry Leaf Extract clear heart, moisture lung, clear eyesight 13% 36.4
Medical Amylum 30% 84
[Function]Weight loss
[Suited Community]The one who is simply fat.
[Unsuited Community]Women in pregnancy and lactation.
[Valid Period]24 months.
[Storage]Sealed and kept in cool and dry condition.
[Producer]Kunming Dali Industry & Trade Co., Ltd.
[Address]No 372, West Renmin Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province
[Precaution]The product can't be taken as pharmaceuticals.
What is daidaihua?
Lida DaiDaihua is an entirely natural weight loss product, which is composed of extracts from miraculous plants, growing in Yunnan region in Southern China and has been used for thousands of years as traditional medicinal herbs.
Old lida daidaihua weight loss capsule is one of the best selling as compared to other natural weight loss supplements. With the use of original lida daidaihua, you would feel the appetite suppressant effects from the day one. As well known fact, the appetite is not the only reason you can't lose weight. More importantly, your metabolic rate is low, which means that you don't burn calories you consume every day and in time it causes an accumulation of fat. To burn fat cells stored in body tissues effectively, lida daidaihua ingredients uses the mechanism of increasing you metabolic rate.
Lida is not a drug!Daidaihua has no side effects!
lida daidaihua ingredients is a 100% natural food supplement, contains primarily orange flower extract (citrus aurantium dulcis) and 9 plants' extracts in all. It is a safe product, which suppresses appetite and helps reducing superfluous fat reserves, resulting from inactivity and excessive food consumption. There is no chemical compound in is content.Buy lida daidaihua from us now!
How it is used?
Every morning 1 Lida DaiDaiHua Capsule you can use with 2 glasses of water (preferably warm water). You should wait for 20-30 minutes before having a breakfast. At least, 2 Lt/per day of water consumption is recommended during original lida daidaihua use.
Important: Lida DaiDaihua is a slimming product without need of special diet and any dietary supplement. During Lida daidaihua use, controlling daily diet intentionally (a diet program) is unfavorable.
1 capsule of the product should be received absolutely in the mornings and 20-30 minutes after receiving the capsule you should have an unrestricted and satisfying breakfast. In case of failure to take enough care on having breakfast during the use of the product some side effects such as weakness, nausea may be observed.
What is the mechanism of action of Lida?
Lida is a miraculous product, which suppresses appetite, regulates eating habits and helps reducing superfluous fat reserves by increasing water consumption thanks to 9 different plant extracts in its content.
Efficacy of the food supplement may vary depending on overweight and metabolic rate of the users. The product may provide 4 - 12 kilograms of weight loss monthly. In some users its slimming effects appear within 30 days whereas its effects may appear within the first 7 days in some users. Causes of differences in efficacy time are differences between personal metabolic rate, rates of gastrointestinal system, circulatory system and excretion system.
What daidaihua side effects?
Observed side effects of Lida which are generally mild and transient and observed within the first 5-10 days of treatment and sometimes resulting from misuse of the product are as follows.
Dry mouth
Mild and transient palpitation
Discontinue receiving Lida DaiDaiHua Capsule, in case of severely occurrence of one or more of aforesaid side effects except dry mouth.
Lida daidaihua warning,who should not use Lida?
Those who want to use Lida DaiDaiHua Capsule should take the following warnings into consideration.
who are under 16 years old or over 60 years old
who have overweight less than 3 Kg.
who are hypersensitive to nuts or any of the ingredients
who are in pregnancy or lactation period
should use the product under doctor's control and those who receive treatment due to the following diseases;
Heart diseases
Vascular diseases
Can not use the product!
Shall I gain weight after discontinuing Lida?
It is recommended that every user should use extra one box of product (a 30 day cure) after desired body form was achieved. The users, who achieved desired body form, should discontinue Lida DaiDaiHua Capsule as follows.
Extra 1 box of product after desired body form was achieved
In the first week one capsule a day
In the 2nd week, 3 capsules a week until the end of box content.
If the product is discontinued in this manner, recurrence of dissolved fat reserves will be prevented. In the users, who use Lida DaiDaiHua Capsule in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer regarding use and discontinuation of the product, regain weight problem within the first year is not observed.
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SaturdayBusiness & Politics
PAP will continue to serve the residents in Hougang
There are some people who believe that the Workers' Party's (WP) win in the Hougang by-election is a "personal result" of its chief Low Thia Khiang, but those who hold this view "fail to understand the people of Hougang", said Mr Low on Thursday night.
"While it is true that I know a lot of people in Hougang over the years and have even become good friends with some, the majority of Hougang voters demand a standard of service and conduct from their MP (Member of Parliament) that is worthy of their support," he said at a closed-door dialogue on the by-election organised by the National University of Singapore Society.
A copy of his speech was posted on the WP Facebook page yesterday.
The Hougang by-election, held on May 26, saw voters choosing WP candidate Png Eng Huat as their MP for the single-member constituency.
Mr Low, who is the MP for Aljunied GRC, noted that "voting for the Workers' Party was not an easy decision for Hougang voters".
He outlined the "huge personal sacrifices" Hougang residents have made, citing the lack of infrastructure development and improvement to the estate.
Added Mr Low: "I believe that so long as the Workers' Party keep faith with the voters of Hougang, they will continue to support the Workers' Party candidate in future elections."
Earlier this month, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, who is Secretary-General of the People's Action Party, had told 200 party activists in a closed-door session that Hougang voters were voting for Mr Low in the by-election, according to party newsletter Petir.
Noting that Hougang is "very different from any other part of Singapore", having been opposition-held for over two decades, Mr Lee was quoted as saying: "Low Thia Khiang has built a strong base and the majority of the voters voted for him rather than for Yaw Shin Leong or Png Eng Huat."
He added that since Mr Low is no longer an MP for Hougang and Mr Png is different from the WP chief, residents would be able to assess whether Mr Png has served them well.
"It's crucial over the next four years that we learn from our experiences and … do better at the next General Election," said Mr Lee.
The PAP will continue to serve the residents in Hougang and gradually win them over, he added.
"We cannot make changes overnight … the next time we can do better and over the next four years, we've to work even harder to get our message across," said Mr Lee.
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Story: Dec 17, 2014
Students animate, illustrate holiday greetings on behalf of ...
CIA Exhibition: Jan 14, 2015
35th Annual Scholastic Art & Writing Exhibition
Story: Nov 15, 2014
Students capture two of the top prizes in museum's surreal d...
CIA Exhibition: Feb 13, 2015
69th Annual Student Independent Exhibition
Social: 3 days ago via Facebook
Warm wishes to you this holiday season from the Cleveland Institute of Art! Artwork created by Animation majors Brienne Broyles 16 and Maria Ursetti 16. Rea...
Story: Nov 04, 2014
New CIA building taking shape; set for December completion
Events: Mar 21, 2015
Spring 2015 Open House
Story: Nov 03, 2014
New Uptown Residence Hall featured in CIA video
CIA Exhibition: Apr 02, 2015
Spring Exhibition: Women to Watch - Ohio
Story: Aug 18, 2014
CIA again named to "Best in the Midwest" list
Academics . Game Design . Courses
Intro to Electronic Arts: Coding, Hacks, + Space
Course No. TIM 213-313-413 Credits: 3.0
This course is designed for both the inexperienced and experienced person interested in experimenting with computing to create work that engages, alters or activates a space. The approach for the class will be based on computer enthusiasts' notion of "hacking". Hacking in this context is an experimental approach and mode of thinking, taking existing technologies and finding new or extended uses to apply these to. Existing computer scripts will be distributed with instruction and one-on-one guidance on how to alter these to new purposes. People with little or no knowledge of programming will be enabled to create computer based work quickly. Instruction will also cover finding new uses for hardware and creating custom interfaces that allow viewers to experience and interact with art works in a variety of ways. Some possible directions for the work made in this class will be interactive video projection, interactive sound works, expanded gaming environments, video and audio synthesis, circuit bending sound instruments, computer program generated animation and program generated high-resolution still images for large format printing. At the end of the class everyone will have resolved work ready to show.
CIA faculty members created an app that teaches sick children how to manage their pain.
Keith Corcoran
Adjunct Faculty
Keith Corcoran is a U.S. Army veteran having trained and served as a Multimedia Illustrator for 6 of his 10 ye...more
While at CIA, you'll learn from the masters through our rigorous, world-class curriculum and connect with working professionals to begin your career.


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Since Picture Me (2009), Ziff has dedicated her life to improving the working conditions for models.Read More
Robyn Beavers is a pioneer, and in more ways than one...Read More
Spending a good deal of time on college campuses, enmeshed in the world of contemporary women's issues, I am continually shocked at how little source material there is on the women's movement in America.Read More
Almost eight years ago, I went to Gloria Steinem in the hope of doing a film on her life. And Gloria, in her egoless way, declined. For Gloria, her story had meaning only as part of a collective of stories.Read More
Miranda July is the latest addition to MAKERS.com, and we couldn't be more excited.Read More
Madeleine Albright was sitting in her bathrobe the day she got the call from President Clinton, asking her to be his Secretary of State.Read More
Born into a family of surfers in Hawaii, Bethany Hamilton's love for surfing was immediately apparent. At the age of four she entered her first competition, which eventually lead to sponsorships at the young age of nine.Read More
Charlotte Bunch asks: "What is the separation between human rights and women's rights that is holding women back at this point?"Read More
Eve Ensler is a Tony award-winning playwright, performer and feminist best known for her play The Vagina Monologues.Read More
In the spirit of SXSW, MAKERS is launching music entrepreneur, Lauren Bucherie.Read More


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The Diamondbacks' comprehensive spring training remake was heavy on the little things that manager Kirk Gibson believes are essential toward changing the results -- situational hitting, holding runners, doing the little things. While the he D-Backs led the National League in home runs and runs this spring, they also had the highest ERA and had the most strikeouts, their twin bugaboos in a 2010 season that resulted in the firings of general manager Josh Byrnes and manager A.J. Hinch at midseason.
"I'd say disappointing," new general manager Kevin Towers said of the D-Backs' 12-25 exhibition record. "I think we did some things well, but we didn't have too many clean games this spring. I don't know if the guys were tight because of all the competition at all the different positions. I was hoping to finish the last week-to-10 days with some momentum going into the season. It didn't happen. There's nothing we can do about it."
Despite their offensive numbers this spring, the D-backs know they are not built to bash. Towers began his rebuilding process by adding arms to the bullpen, his M.O. during his years in San Diego, and that is still the way the D-backs plan to get out of last place in the NL West for the first time since 2008.
It will not be an easy task. The West has produced two of the three National League teams to have played in the World Series the last four years and is home to defending champion San Francisco. Colorado, their season-opening opponent, made the Series in 2007 and is considered a top contender in the division this season.
Gibson has said the process of redefining the D-Backs could take years -- he mentioned five years on Monday -- but it is clear that no one wants to wait that long. The D-backs have finished last in the NL West with 95 and 97 losses the last two seasons.
"My hope is that it's a fundamentally sound club, which has not been the case this spring," said Towers, whose team committed 43 errors, tied for the most in the majors. "I wouldn't say we're a juggernaut of an offensive club; we'll score enough runs.
"Ultimately, our margin for error is small, so we can't give extra outs to the opponent and we can't run into outs on the basepaths. Pitchers have to throw strikes. The ball needs to be in play. If we do all those things, I think we'll be fine. If we fall short in those areas, we're going to struggle."
--RHP Kameron Mickolio won the final spot in the Diamondbacks' bullpen in a competition with RHP Esmerling Vasquez, who was optioned to Class AAA Reno. Mickolio, 6-foot-9, is eight inches taller and gives the D-backs another look. "Mickolio has a little different deception," manager Kirk Gibson said. "Maybe we'll use him a little more toward right-handers." Mickolio and RHP David Hernandez made the team after being acquired for 3B Mark Reynolds at the winter meetings.
--RHP J.J. Putz pitched in exhibition games against Mexican League teams Monterrey and Quintana Roo on Tuesday and Wednesday, his first back-to-backs this spring, and pronounced himself ready for the start of the regular season. "I think this was a really good confidence builder all the way around, health-wise, stuff-wise," said Putz, whose appearance Tuesday was his first since March 18. He felt back tightness warming up two days later, and there was some initial concern about whether he would be ready for the start of the regular season.
--SS Stephen Drew (lower abdominal strain) underwent an MRI that was negative Tuesday, but he is still listed as day-to-day and is unlikely to play in Friday's opener at Colorado. Drew first felt the injury March 17, and it has bothered him off and on the rest of the spring. INF/OF Willie Bloomquist is the likely Opening Day starter at shortstop.
--1B Juan Miranda beat out 1B/OF Brandon Allen for the other first base spot alongside veteran 1B Russell Branyan. Miranda, obtained by GM Kevin Towers in one of his first offseason trades, was out of minor league options and Allen had one remaining, but manager Kirk Gibson said that was not an issue.
--INF/OF Ryan Roberts, who hit .519 this spring, made the Opening Day roster for the second time in three years after being the final cut in 2010. A spot opened when INF Geoff Blum (knee) was placed on the disabled list. Blum is expected to be ready sometime in the first homestand, which begins April 8. LHP Zach Duke (broken hand) also will open the season on the disabled list. Duke is expected to miss 6-8 weeks with a broken hand.
DIAMOND STAT: 9 -- Consecutive spring training losses before the D-backs scored four runs in the ninth inning for an 8-5 victory over Seattle on March 18.
QUOTABLE: "It is not because we were afraid of losing him. It is because we think he has earned the right to play." -- D-backs manager Kirk Gibson, on the decision to keep 1B Juan Miranda on the season-opening roster rather than expose him to waivers.
Are you a full member of FutureBacks.com? If not, then you are missing out on the top Diamondbacks coverage we provide to our premium members, as well as full access to over 400 other Scout.com sites. Join us today!


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Warp presents a new Converse Jack Purcell, inspired by the British Pound. The sneaker features a 3D graphic of the 5 Pound not, along with some nice striped laces. Look out for a release soon.
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Over the weekend, recent Album Of The Week honoree Miguel stopped by Late Night With Jimmy Fallon to perform the Kaleidoscope Dream standout "Do You." Watch the performance below.
Kaleidoscope Dream is out now on RCA.
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International Fly Fishing Film Festival 2014 IF4
Saturday, March 29, 2014
At 7:00pm
The International Fly Fishing Film Festival consists of short and feature length films produced by filmmakers from all corners of the globe, showcasing the passion, lifestyle and culture of fly-fishing. From enormous trout in the Rockies to following April Vokey in search of elusive Steelhead, the variety of films at this event are sure to peak the interest of all anglers. This years IF4 includes a film submitted by a Fernie local. You won't want to miss it!


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News Analysis
The Daily Bell features consistently solid analysis of and thoughtful challenges to contemporary statism. I am proud to be on the team.
Dr. Tibor Machan
Author and Philosopher
The Daily Bell has a great libertarian point of view, and excellent economic analysis. Add it to your daily reading.
Peter Schiff
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Euro Pacific Capital
I always read the Bell. The news items are thoughtfully selected, and the interviews are unavailable elsewhere.
Doug Casey
Bestselling Author and Founder of Casey Research Group
A defender of free markets, The Daily Bell takes a libertarian approach to expose and unravel global misinformation. Read The Daily Bell – every day!
Charles Payne
FOX Business Analyst
I really enjoy reading The Daily Bell for the excellent research and content provided on a wide variety of issues vital to the Freedom Movement.
Dr. Mark Skousen
Author & Founder of FreedomFest
At a time when growing majorities worldwide are tuning out mainstream news, people are seeking the cutting edge, insightful and thought provoking analysis that The Daily Bell consistently provides.
Gerald Celente
Bestselling Author, Founder of the Trends Research Institute
There are very few publications out there that have the smarts and guts to tell the truth about the dictatorial forces at work destroying our civilization. Thankfully The Daily Bell is one of them, and it appears in the mailbox every day.
Nelson Hultberg
Author, Director of Americans for a Free Republic
The Daily Bell has revived that great old institution of the personal interview, extracting information from today's great thinkers you can't get anywhere else. Outstanding!
Jeffrey Tucker
Author, Executive Editor of Laissez Faire Books
The Daily Bell should be on everyone's shortlist of news sources you can trust. It's on mine, and we often refer to it in our own weekly news service at The Reality Zone.
G. Edward Griffin
Author, Founder of Freedom Force International
The Daily Bell provides unique insights on contemporary political, economic and social problems that can be found in such a concentrated form nowhere else. Whether one agrees or disagrees with it, one cannot afford to ignore it.
Dr. Edwin Vieira
Author and Constitutional Expert
I read The Daily Bell every day and I find it very informative.
Marc Faber
Dr. Marc Faber, Author, Publisher of The Gloom Boom & Doom Report
The good and the bad, the big dogs and the small, the thinkers and the doers among libertarians and on the "Right" – you can encounter them all in The Daily Bell's exclusive weekly interviews. Indispensable.
Dr. Hans Herman-Hoppe
Author, Economist and Libertarian Philosopher
Get outside the box with The Daily Bell and experience independent views.
Paul Craig Roberts
Author, Former Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in the Reagan Administration
The Daily Bell is a fantastic source of challenging thought from a wide range of freedom loving people.
Dr. Joel Wade
Author, Psychotherapist and Life Coach
I read it every day!
Jim Rogers
Bestselling Author, Co-founder of the Quantum Fund
I have thoroughly enjoyed the analysis and interviews at The Daily Bell, which has so often been a voice of reason during these perilous times
Dr. Thomas Woods Jr.
NY Times Bestselling Author & Senior Fellow, Mises Institute
I consider The Daily Bell essential reading for anyone desirous of understanding the way the world really works.
Lord William Rees-Mogg
Author, Former Deputy Editor, Financial Times
I enjoy reading The Daily Bell because it often has refreshing and novel ways of looking at things.
Bill Bonner
Bestselling Author, Founder of Agora Publishing
The Daily Bell rings out for liberty every day. It is the premier online source for insightful and hard-hitting free-market analysis and interpretation of economic, political and business events.
Dr. Richard Ebeling
Author, Professor of Economics at Northwood University
The Daily Bell is a true beacon to lead in helping the reader to separate the wheat from the chaff.
Dr. Antal Fekete
Author, Educator and Monetary Scientist
The Daily Bell has come out of nowhere to introduce to the Internet community some of the most intriguing and proactive interviews there are out there. Let's hear it for creativity and being ahead of the curve.
Bill Murphy
Chairman of Gold Anti-Trust Action Committee
I love the Daily Bell. Every issue is principled and informative.
Lew Rockwell
Founder of the Mises Institute
The future is created by the people who build it, not the people who predict it will not exist. You can meet lots of important builders by reading The Daily Bell.
Catherine Austin Fitts
Former Assistant Secretary of Housing and Federal Housing Commissioner
Rarely does a publication have the guts and objectivity to tell it like it is, yet the eloquence and wisdom to listen carefully to the 'other side.' This is The Daily Bell accomplishing its daily mission.
James Jaeger
Telly Award-winning Filmmaker
The Daily Bell leads us out of the dark tunnel of manipulated press into the light of free press.
John Perkins
Bestselling Author
The Daily Bell is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand the effects of the state on our economic future.
Dr. Thomas DiLorenzo
Professor of Economics, Loyola University Maryland
Every day, I rely on the Daily Bell for a different perspective you'll never find in the regular media. It's an analysis and timely insight that is profound and provocative.
Craig Huey
Author, Small Business Owner
There is no other publication in print or on the Internet like The Daily Bell. They have the courage to report the truth and analyze current foreign policy, politics and economic events in the context of a formerly hidden history of financial elites.
Ron Holland
Author & Monetary Analyst
The Daily Bell website is one of the authentic voices cutting through the clouds of vapid opinion, the morass of mediocre media and the confusion of Orwellian doublespeak. The Bell website lives up to its name, ringing unheard messages of truth in our ears.
Jeffrey Armstrong
Award-winning Author, Vedic Philosopher
Because the world is changing so rapidly, it is difficult to keep up, which means The Daily Bell is a must read. I consider the information critically important reading.
Dave Morgan
Author, Editor of Silver-Investor.com
The Daily Bell affords an excellent alternative perspective on some of the noise and nonsense of mainstream media. In particular, I enjoy reading Anthony Wile's 'free-market analysis' on current subjects and articles. Very insightful.
Frank R. Suess
Chairman & CEO of BFI Capital Group Inc.
The Daily Bell is one of the most innovative and in-depth websites on the Internet. The breadth of the content is awe inspiring and the amount of knowledge imparted is almost impossible to quantify. For me, as a liberty minded seeker of knowledge, it is a must read.
Jeff Berwick
Founder of DollarVigilante.com
Liberty is under assault by Big Government. The Daily Bell is an essential tool for information for those who want to fight for freedom.
Steve Forbes
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Forbes Media
For alternative views on contemporary politics, culture and science, from a libertarian point of view, check out The Daily Bell.
Michael A. Cremo
Author, Vedic Archeologist
The Daily Bell is an informative source of information and commentary from leading figures in the liberty movement. It's a pleasure to be interviewed alongside far more notable individuals.
Alexander McCobin
Executive Director of Students for Liberty
The Daily Bell is an indispensable source of news and information for those seeking to curtail the power of the welfare-warfare state.
Dr. Grant Havers
Chair, Department of Philosophy, Trinity Western University
The Daily Bell does a remarkable job of exposing how money power uses central banking to crush people into submission via global government with economic and political slavery being the desired end result.
John Browne
Former Secretary of the Conservative Defense and Finance Committees, UK Parliament
Sit down to read from The Daily Bell and experience a jolt of intellectual energy.
Dr. Nathaniel Branden
Psychotherapist, Bestselling Author
I love reading The Daily Bell! Interesting investment information, a political and social viewpoint that lets me know I'm not alone in the world and "annotated" with analysis. I highly recommend it to all interested readers.
Rick Rule
Founder of Global Resource Investments Inc.
I can say that, unlike the mainstream press, The Daily Bell knows the questions to ask and has the chutzpah to ask them. They realize that socialism and Keynesianism are wrecking the world and they are helping to save what is left of liberty and free markets.
Richard J. Maybury
Author, Editor of U.S. & World Early Warning Report
Ron Paul's quest to undo the party of Lincoln ... Let us count the ways in which the nomination of Ron Paul would be groundbreaking for the GOP. No other recent candidate hailing from the party of Lincoln has accused Abraham Lincoln of causing a "senseless" war and ruling with an "iron fist." Or regarded Ronald Reagan's presidency a "dramatic failure." Or proposed the legalization of prostitution and heroin use. Or called America the most "aggressive, extended and expansionist" empire in world history. Or promised to abolish the CIA, depart NATO and withdraw military protection from South Korea. Or blamed terrorism on American militarism, since "they're terrorists because we're occupiers." Or accused the American government of a Sept. 11 "coverup" and called for an investigation headed by Dennis Kucinich. Or described the killing of Osama bin Laden as "absolutely not necessary." – Washington Post /Michael Gerson
Dominant Social Theme: Ron Paul is a horrible US candidate for president and an even more horrible man.
Free-Market Analysis: This article presents reasons for opposing libertarian candidate for US president Dr. Ron Paul that tick many of the dominant social themes of the elite that have been used to frighten middle classes into giving up wealth and power to globalist institutions like the UN, IMF, World Bank, etc.
These fear-based promotions are seemingly the product of an Anglosphere power elite that seeks to run the world – formally as opposed to informally. The power of this intergenerational familial elite comes from the central banks they apparently control and the ability to print trillions of dollars of money-from-nothing.
Ron Paul's libertarian conservative message, grounded in hundreds of years of economic history, culminates in the resonant insight that it is individual people taking Misesian "human action" that forms a successful society.
People taking "human action" (as people will do) do not need formal leaders or standing armies to protect them. They are likely capable of their own defense (singly or in aggregate) and simply need to be left alone in freedom to make their own ways. This, of course, is a direct threat to the larger establishment that has been created and supported by the power elite.
Without government, there can be no authority organizing people and ultimately creating world government. Without government, the elites would not be able to control people from behind the scenes using mercantilist methodologies – taxes, war, environmental legislation, etc.
The power elite has apparently created a full matrix of media apologists to promote their government-over-all message. The matrix includes the British-based Tavistock think-tank that apparently creates many of these promotions and disseminates them via an "open conspiracy."
Once they are disseminated they are reported on by a controlled media, elaborated on by controlled think-tanks and eventually put into law by various legislatures. Every part of the process is apparently bought and paid for.
If direct action is needed to reinforce an elite meme, the power elite will make sure that world events conform to the promotion they are trying to create. For instance, as we have pointed out in the past, the Anglosphere has used NATO to destabilize many secular regimes in the Middle East.
These regimes are now likely being replaced by the CIA-penetrated Muslim Brotherhood, thus allowing the formation of an expanded war on terror. But it is seemingly a phony one. It is actually being designed in the West, one could hypothesize, for purposes of imposing more domestic control.
Western elites always seek more domestic control, especially in America where libertarian exceptionalism is still a culturally dominant trend for tens of millions in "Red" America. The goal apparently is world government, and American exceptionalism must be eradicated in order to realize it.
But this is not easy to do. And Ron Paul is immeasurably complicating the issue with a campaign that is as educational when it comes to freedom as it is political. He has been very effective at helping to tear down many elite memes that have been promoted for a century or more to confuse Americans (and the West generally) about the Way the World Works.
And so, as Ron Paul proves hard to stop, the powers-that-be begin to train their bigger guns on Dr. Paul and his freedom message. He is not good for business and must be taken down. This article by Michael John Gerson in the Washington Post, for instance, is a good example.
According to Wikipedia, Michael John Gerson is a famous speechwriter for George W. Bush who (arguably) coined the phrase "Axis of Evil." More: "He is former senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He served as President George W. Bush's chief speechwriter from 2001 until June 2006, as a senior policy advisor from 2000 through June 2006, and was a member of the White House Iraq Group."
Gerson's article – as we can see in the article excerpt above – touches on many major themes of the power elite. They are phony memes that have been put in place to confuse people about the power and beneficence of government.
The elites are desperate to salvage them – and thus Gerson treats them as true and self-evident. Maybe a decade or two ago they were. But no more. Let's examine them one by one.
No other recent candidate hailing from the party of Lincoln has accused Abraham Lincoln of causing a "senseless" war and ruling with an "iron fist."
There is plenty of written evidence that the Civil War was indeed "senseless." Much recent history has shown us that the War Between the States was started by Lincoln at the behest of the Northern banking establishment, which wanted to consolidate its power over Southern agrarianism.
The Civil War essentially marked the end of a quasi-free society in the US and ushered in a much more problematical system – one whereby no single state could secede. This has led to the creeping totalitarianism and outright militarism of America today.
Or regarded Ronald Reagan's presidency a "dramatic failure."
Ronald Reagan's heart may have been in the right place when it came to shrinking government (we tend to think it was) and his rhetoric could be frankly libertarian. But when one looks at what actually occurred under Reagan, a melancholy litany of big-government results reveals itself.
Under Reagan, many tax loopholes were closed (making a horrible system more rigid and oppressive) while Fedgov itself expanded dramatically – especially its military components. The USSR itself gradually disintegrated under his watch, but an argument can be made that there were reasons for its disintegration that had nothing to do with Reagan.
Certainly, given the level of his rhetoric, the Reagan regime could indeed be considered a "dramatic failure" by anyone inspired by his rhetoric, as Ron Paul no doubt was. We agree with Ron Paul's characterization, if indeed Gerson's report is correct.
Or proposed the legalization of prostitution and heroin use.
What's the problem with this? The failed "war on drugs" has jailed tens of thousands illegally, has turned police forces in the US into paramilitary organizations and regularly ruins families and cripples lives.
There is also good evidence that organizations like the CIA fund themselves by drug-dealing "off the books" and that much of what passes for the "war on drugs" is actually a legislative device to keep prices high in order to ensure that America's "secret government" continues to receive top dollar for the drugs it runs.
Or called America the most "aggressive, extended and expansionist" empire in world history.
Anyone who travels around the world cannot help but be struck by the pervasiveness of the American Empire. And anyone who studies history in this Internet era can see that this empire has been a-building for about 300 years, with most of its growth coming in the past 50-75 years.
From the expansion of the FBI to some 90-plus offices around the world, to the far-flung wars that America produces, to the web of contracts and mutually beneficial deals that the US has pursued with dictators, to CIA meddling, the US – at the behest of the Anglosphere power elite – does indeed bestride the world like a merciless colossus.
Or promised to abolish the CIA, depart NATO and withdraw military protection from South Korea.
The US – and the West generally – are broke from the use of their resources to secretly foment world governance. NATO, the CIA, the FBI, MI6, etc. do not seem to work for their respective nations but instead for a shadowy power elite that foments a nationalist rhetoric to disguise its true intentions and power.
Or blamed terrorism on American militarism, since "they're terrorists because we're occupiers."
There evidently and obviously IS no "war on terror" – or not as it is portrayed. Millions are well aware that the CIA helped build up and support the initial "al Qaeda" and that even Osama bin Laden himself may have been an American operative, to begin with anyway. Ron Paul in this context is only stating the obvious.
Or accused the American government of a Sept. 11 "coverup" and called for an investigation headed by Dennis Kucinich.
As at least half of the 9/11 Commission itself has disavowed the report that the Commission published, this statement by Ron Paul seems most reasonable. The lead litigator of the Commission has written a book accusing the Bush administration and its myriad appendages of a kind of serial lying to the Commission.
Or described the killing of Osama bin Laden as "absolutely not necessary."
Here we differ with the good doctor. There is plenty of evidence that Osama bin Laden died years ago and that the raid was some sort of propaganda hoax. Suppressed eyewitness accounts of the raid differ considerably from what the controlled US mainstream media purveyed.
Michael Gerson is indignant about Ron Paul's various statements, but he needn't be. The charade seems to us to be rapidly drawing to a close. What we call the Internet Reformation may be seen as sweeping the day. The current era of elite promotion likely died at the end of the 20th century when the Internet was birthed.
Gerson's article, in fact, is important only because it seems to show us once again how little firepower the elites actually have left when it comes to their failing promotional themes. The reason Ron Paul is doing so well is because more and more people know the truth – or at least some of it – about what's going on in the world.
The old playbook is failing. Soon "they" will be accusing Ron Paul of being a full-out conspiracy theorist. But he has been careful to avoid falling into that trap. Meanwhile, every day it is more and more evident that there is a conspiracy, but it is not a theoretical one.
No, it seems that a mafia-like group of central banking families have conspired actively to rule the world for a century or more and have propagated a mythical matrix to do so. As that matrix breaks down, articles like Gerson's will prove less and less persuasive.
This is the reason we have predicted the power elite may eventually be forced to take a step back as they apparently did after the Gutenberg Press arrived on the scene. Currently, the elites seem to be turning to legal authoritarianism and war to pursue their goals. But force will not suffice in a world where there are a few thousands involved in a power-conspiracy to rule the world and billions who are not.
Every day their apparent use of dominant social themes seems to be less effective, as the Internet exposes them. This is the problem that Gerson and others will have to grapple with in the future. As the matrix degrades, the old methodologies of control degrade.
Is this the best they've got?


text:
- Activity Packs (18)
- Cards & Notes (21)
- Charts & Checklists (3)
- Coloring Pages (42)
- Learning Pages (43)
- Paper Crafts (50)
- Puzzles & Games (29)
- Song Lyrics (6)
- Seasonal (46)
Keep summer from being a bummer by inviting Dora, Wally, the Bubble Guppies and the PAW Patrol to play with your little one!
Watch all your favorite shows weekdays on NICK!
Color these pages and learn about all sorts of holidays
Bring out the royal crayons and let the coloring begin!
Even Swiper wants to be on Santa's nice list. Encourage kindness with this printable good deed tree!
Get into the holiday spirit Dora and her friends
Something is different in each of these rows.
Print out Dora's festive sheets of holiday wrapping paper & gift tags!
Deck the halls and the tree with a little help from Dora!
Your child can color pictures of their Christmas wishes!
Kids can send their very own season's greetings this year--fantastico!
Share the true spirit of Christmas with a colorful card from Swiper!
Color one flame each night! Fant�stico
Leave cookies and milk for Santa on this printable coloring page.
Your child can sing along to Dora's favorite Christmas song!
Ring in the new year with Dora!
Your preschooler can practice identifying advanced shapes with Dora!
Solve the Grumpy Old Troll's Christmas riddles and save the day with Dora
When the holidays are over, it's time to say "thanks."
Tuck one in the toe on Christmas Eve, and redeem these coupons anytime.
Three Kings Day is coming. Let's start the celebration!
No king is complete without their very own crown!
Kids help Dora get through the maze of lights to the pile of presents!
Capture merry memories & add some style to scrapbook pages with a little help from fave Nick Jr. pals!
Deck the halls or trim your tree with printable paper chains.
Start a new holiday tradition! Kids can share family news with friends and loved ones.
Crack open the crayons and sharpen up the red and green ones!
Make any room more royal!
A bright idea for Three Kings Day!
Complete your Three Kings Day Cake with Dora's royal decorations
Cozy-up with your kids and search for the hidden items in these snowy scenes!
No more mug mix-ups! Keep track of hot chocolates with these printable charms!
With this final section, the puzzle poster is complete!
Find the final piece of Wally's summer surprise puzzle poster here!
Find the second part of the Wallykazam Summer Surprise Puzzle Poster here!
The final section is here! Put the entire PAW Patrol Summer Surprise Puzzle Poster together!
Find the third part of the summer surprise puzzle poster here!
It's a puzzle! It's a poster! It's a coloring page! Collect all four parts to complete this PAW-some summer poster!
Print, color and play with this second piece of the puzzle poster!
Dress up your Nick Jr. fan's wrist with these bright bracelets!
Wallykazam, wallykazummer, your child can color these words of summer!
Boots is waiting for Dora at the beach! Follow Map's directions to get her there
Peter is lost at the beach! Help him hop his way through the sand and get back to his friends Benjamin and Lily for some fun in the sun
What time is it? Time to celebrate summer!
You can count on the Umiz to deliver a mighty big "I miss you" message
Kids can have a ball at the beach with the guppy gang!
Gups up! Print and send a summertime greeting to guppy friends
See what's making waves at the beach with Milli!
Make a splash with your little guppy with this diy tee!
Something's flying high in the sky & Geo needs help finding out what it is!
Make a splash with your little guppy with this diy tee!
Bot's at the beach and he'll need your child's help to complete this picture
Send a greeting to friends who are further than a hop away!
Decorate notebooks, crayon boxes, and more with these new summertime stickers
Celebrate the USA with your Nick Jr. friends!
Print all 11 pages for umirrific coloring fun!
Print this sizzlin' pack featuring your child's Nick Jr. friends!
Make this colorable card and present it to Papi!
Tag kids' backpacks and bags with their favorite Guppy pals
Dive in and get 4 pages of counting & coloring fun for your little guppy!
Here's five fun-filled coloring pages for your seaside explorer!
Dive in for counting, matching, and sticker fun with the Blue Mermaid


text:
Blue Planet Surf Gear › distributor › Race SUP › stand up paddle boards › SUP › wholesale ›
Blue Planet Surf is looking for distribution partners to bring the line of 2014 SUP boards and equipment to an international market. We are looking for partners that ideally already have distribution experience in the surf/SUP market and existing distribution infrastructure, including a warehouse. Merchandise will be supplied by container from the factory directly to the distributor. Exclusive distribution agreements are currently available for these markets: US West, Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Guam.
Serious inquiries only please, for details, please contact Robert Stehlik:


text:
Exopack received the 2013 Flexible Packaging Highest Achievement Award from the Flexible Packaging Association for the development of its Kraft YES pack. Additionally, Exopack's Nestlé Purina One cat food packaging won a Silver Award in the Printing Achievement category.
Designed for liquids, the Kraft YES Pack is a four-corner sealed pouch with a pourable fitment and two handles. The Purina One cat food package utilizes a single-web, surface printer MET PET layer and electron beam coatings.
The YES packaging also received a 2013 Flexible Packaging Association Gold Achievement Award in the Packaging Excellence category and a Silver Award for Sustainability and Environmental Achievement.
Lean processing, outsourcing and time-saving machines can help boost your bottom line
Safe, nutritious, tasty petfood requires careful handling and processing of raw meat ingredients
Now is the time for packagers, producers, marketers and manufacturers to capitalize on the traveling with pets trend
--- Thank you for your patience ----
If you have any issues logging in or any other need feel free to contact us.


text:
Beyonce Diet is the
name given by fans to a fasting weight loss diet protocol that Beyonce
Knowles used to lose pounds fast couple of years back. It
is rumored that she literally lost 20 lbs in under two weeks to get
ready for a movie role.
But what many might
not know is that Beyonce herself does not advocate the now popular
"Beyonce Diet" as a means of losing weight and keeping it off.
She even
admits to the unsustaibnability of the strategy by saying "As soon as it was over, I
gained the weight back".
diet is a far cry from what she normally uses to keep her sasha-fierce
body in shape. It is also significantly different from other celebrity
weight loss diets like Janet
Jackson Diet and Jennifer Hudson
Weight Loss. To keep that flat stomach she actually engages a
diet and exercise regiment.
However you need to
do this very
differently from what everyone else is doing. You need to stop focusing
on calories. Infact you need to "Go
Calories" and focus on two things, just two
things. See how to Go Beyond Calories here.
who is married
to hip hop super star Jay Z
and currently
pregnant, stands at 5 feet 7 inches. Word around is
that she normally weighs at about 139 pounds. And that the thinnest she
been as an adult has been about 117 pounds. This
is likely
during the
shoot of
the movie Dream Girls.
But what many might
not know is that Beyonce herself does not advocate the now popular
"Beyonce Diet" as a means of losing weight and keeping it off.
She even
admits to the unsustaibnability of the strategy by saying "As soon as it was over, I
gained the weight back".
diet is a far cry from what she normally uses to keep her sasha-fierce
body in shape. It is also significantly different from other celebrity
weight loss diets like Janet
Jackson Diet and Jennifer Hudson
Weight Loss. To keep that flat stomach she actually engages a
diet and exercise regiment.
However you need to
do this very
differently from what everyone else is doing. You need to stop focusing
on calories. Infact you need to "Go
Calories" and focus on two things, just two
things. See how to Go Beyond Calories here.
then was to add some weight for a role in
movie a couple of years later, Cadillac
Records; where it is speculated she was the biggest ever at 155 pounds.
the movie Dream Girls,
plays Deena Jones a slender backup singer where she appears
both as
a 16 year old girl and as a 36 year woman.Beyonce
says those
two roles were actually shot about two
weeks apart.
is referred to
as Beyonce diet is actually the
controversial Master Cleanse liquid diet, which was the tool of choice
when she needed to take up two roles with significantly different body
the movie you noticeably see the big difference in
between the two characters. To
achieve this, Beyonce actually used this
diet to lose about 15 pounds in less than two weeks.
sources seem
to indicate that she lost 20 lbs with what is now known as
the Beyonce
Master Cleanse.
according to an interview
featured on Self
magazine she says she lost 15 lbs.
says about the huge fast loss, "In
Dreamgirls, (my character)
starts at 16 -- and then 20 years pass.
Normally they'd change your
make-up or your clothes but I wanted to go the extra mile."
"Back in the
models like Twiggy were popular and I knew Deena would have been thin
then, so
even though I really love eating, it was necessary to lose weight
really fast
because we shot Deena at 16 and Deena at 36 two weeks apart."
the two characters in another
interview with GMTV
she says, "It's
great because I look at the movie and I don't recognize myself - which
was the
the suggestion to use the fasting diet was her nutritionist idea. "My
nutritionist suggested the only way to do that (i.e. lose a large
amount of weight
quickly) was the [maple syrup diet] fast". But before you
running to start
the Maple Syrup Diet which is also known as Master Cleanse Diet among
other names, she did also say, "As
soon as it was
over, I gained the
weight back".
is a detoxing liquid diet protocol
attributed to Stanley Burroughs. Though there claims to similar
protocols as
early as 1930's, Burroughs is believed to have officially
published the
protocol in 1976 titled The Master Cleanser.
protocol is
actually a detox, fasting and cleansing
eating regime that is to detoxify, eliminate diseases and supposedly
your body to healthier eating habits. Burroughs is believed to have
used it to
mange and even cure patients with ulcers and other intestinal problems.
premise of the
diet is that over the course of the ten
days, the body will begin to heal itself and eradicate diseases because
it no
longer needs to concentrate its energies towards digestion.
the years, the
protocol has evolved to lean more
towards losing weight. It has since been re-popularized as a weight
loss strategy
by Peter Glickman's book "Lose Weight, Have More Energy
& Be Happier in 10
logic behind
Master Cleanse for weight loss is that as
the protocol helps you detoxify your body, and so your body starts to
weight easily. Science has pointed to some evidence that your body
store some
toxins that it cannot deal with immediately in the fat tissue.
toxins make
it hard for one to lose body fat because the
body does not want to poison itself. If you lose the fat, the toxins
will be
released into your blood stream. So the body tends to hang on to such
making it extremely hard to lose weight.
obvious is
that this diet is extreme in caloric restriction.
Infact, it aims to eliminate or keep to minimum calories for between 10
to 40
variations by different people on exactly how to
do the Maple Syrup (Master Cleanse) Diet. Strictly speaking though, you
do it
for 14 days. The first 10 days involve taking only the cleansing juice;
solid foods allowed. The next 4 days involve easing out of the diet
slowly as
you re-introducing solid foods.
technically two parts to this fasting diet. The
juice concoction that you drink 8 to 12 glasses a day; and a "flush".
make a days master cleanse juice, take a
clean one-gallon jug and pour in
three quarts of water (not distilled), one cup lemon juice (actual
lemon is the best) , one cup pure maple syrup (not maple flavored, but
the real
stuff) or molasses and one teaspoon cayenne (or as much as you can
all the ingredients in and shake. Shake
again before each drink to avoid
any segments settling at the bottom. Drink at least 8 glasses of this
daily. Better still, drink 12.
second part is the flush. You also need
to do this daily.
salt water flush is evidently a
powerful tool in removing waste from
the colon. But it is not a very pleasant procedure so many people chose
not to
do the flush.
must use sea salt for the flush. Start
with 2 teaspoons with 1 liter of
room temperature water and drink the solution. If you do not respond to
amount then you will need to use more salt.
to 8 bowel movements in the following hours
which will expel
the liter of salt solution – this will be a strong watery
diarrhea. This
is the flush.
It will not be pleasant and you better be next to a toilet.
this for atleast ten days. On the
eleventh day, you can start re-introducing
solid foods starting off with juices, then soups. By the 14th day you
should be
able to eat normal solid foods.
is important to note that Beyonce did not
follow his strict format. She
is said to have added a vegetables dish daily to her cleansing juice.
used the Maple Syrup Diet just once.
However, she has a daily
routine that maintains that famous body. In the June 2009 issue of Self
magazine, Beyonce is reported to keeps herself on a strict daily diet,
one extravagant meal, like pizza or pasta, probably once a week.
says, "I have granola or
Special K for breakfast. Then I'll have a
snack– sliced fruit, or tomatoes and cucumbers with
vinaigrette and cayenne
pepper. For lunch, I invented a salad, the Sasha salad, which is
tomato, avocado, jalapenos and chicken breast with oil and vinegar.
It's really
delicious because it tastes like it's not very good for
you," Beyonce told the
I'll have a
100-calorie snack, like Oreos or crackers. For dinner,
I'll have fish and green vegetables. Then maybe
I'll have a Soy Dream 'ice
cream' sandwich at the end of the day before I go to
to mention the pretty intensive
workouts; which involves 5 days a week
with a trainer. She runs between 3 to 6 miles, daily. She does squats,
lunges and step-ups, a hundred each! And she also lifts a five pound
weight to
strengthen and tone her arms.
you can see, there is a better reason as
to how Beyonce manages to keep
her body in Hollywood
shape all year round (the REAL Beyonce Diet).
She also adds that she makes effort to make sure she has a flat
stomach. Unfortunatelly,
losing belly fat is probably the most misunderstood concepts. Most
people kill themselves trying to control calories. The truth is that you need to "Go
Beyond Calories" to lose belly fat fast, easily and permanently. You
need to "Go Beyond Calories" and focus on two things, just two things.
These two are....
Here To Continue...
Stubborn Belly Fat...
the two
biggest belly fat mistakes
the foods you should
eat to lose
cardio make your
stomach fat
critical things
to do now to lose
out the more
effective alternative to cardio
learn more on Beyonce Diet as well as related
subjects use the links below.
you can use the Google search tool further below.
Articles Related:
To Beyonce Diet
content is reviewed periodically and is subject to
change as new information on weight loss becomes
available. The information is intended for
educational purposes only. Please
consult your healthcare provider before beginning
any kind of weight loss program


text:
What does OTA mean in US Government?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand OTA in the Governmental field in general and in the US Government terminology in particular.
Office of Technology Assessment
Find a translation for OTA in other languages:
Select another language:
What does OTA mean?
- OTA(Noun)
- Over-the-air
Discuss this OTA abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"OTA." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 21 Dec. 2014. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/47844>.
OTA also stands for:
- Mota, Ethiopia
- Obedience Trials Association
- Occupational Therapy Assistant
- Off-season Team Activities
- Office of Internal Administration
... and 42 more »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
Alternative search:
- Search Office of Technology Assessment on Amazon.com
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text:
- When did you go on your RTW trip?
- How old were you when you took this trip?
- Including your air ticket and other expenses (from accommodation to souvenir-buying), about how much did your trip cost?
- Nationality
- Where do you live now?
- Occupation
- Before your trip: Personal Assistant
- Now: Account Manager
- How did your travels affect your career when you got back?
- What is the route you took/places you visited?
- Why did you decide to take this trip? What got you into this type of travel, and/or influenced you to go?
- Out of all your experiences traveling around the world, what was the:
September 2003-December 2003
2200 pounds
South Africa
Durban, South Africa
I was a PA in London, UK before we left. When we finished our travels we came back to SA and I walked into a job in Advertising which is what i always wanted.
London to Saigon, overland from Saigon to Cambodia, over to Thailand, overland down to Malaysia and Singapore, flew to Syndey, overland up to Cains, flew to New Zealand, overland around the South Island, flew out of Auckland to LA, overland to Las Vegas, flew to San Fransisco, flew back to London.
My visa for the UK was up, so we had to head home. We had traveled through Europe quite a lot and loved it, and knew it very expensive from South Africa, so decided on our way home, was the time to do it.
- Best Moment
- Worst Moment
- Biggest Hurdle, Obstacle or Difficulty?
- Biggest surprise?
watching the sun set over Ankor Wat in Cambodia with my boyfriend
searching for a place to sleep at midnight in a foreign country
not having a plan.. and eating rice everyday for weeks on end
That I didnt need make-up and hairdryer
Probably a couple who we met and traveled with through Cambodia and Thailand. They had been teaching english in Japan – they were just great people and more experienced than us traveling, so we learnt alot from them.
Winged it a lot
my hat
Sun tan lotion
Millions of people have no food, housing, or family. Puts life in perseptive.
I'm not such a planner anymore and take more risks in life.
Being in SA, it limits our travels as its so expensive.
We'll going to South America next year on holiday, not for 3 months, but only 3 weeks and we absolutely cant wait.
Its an amazing adventure and you really get to experience every day life with the community. You dont get that on a 2 week holiday..
That only certain people can backpack
A new adventure everyday, meeting people, seeing places you never thought you see or experience.
Go for it – if I knew my job would be here in 6 months time, i'd leave tomorrow – and seriously, if I could do, anyone can!


text:
CBS Has a Full Plate for the 2014-15 Season
CBS is looking to dominate the airwaves again in the 2014-2015 season with its renewals and pilots. The network has announced early renewals for a colossal 18 series after picking up "The Big Bang Theory" for a three season renewal. The network also renewed "Survivor." According to The Hollywood Reporter, CBS's 20-show slate includes comedies "2 Broke Girls," "Mike & Molly," and "Two and a Half Men," as well as new comedies "The Millers" and "Mom." As for dramas, CBS has renewed "NCIS," "NCIS: Los Angeles," "Person of Interest," "CSI," "Hawaii Five-0," "Blue Bloods," "Criminal Minds," "Elementary" and "The Good Wife." Reality TV wasn't left out of the renewal fever. [ Read More ]