text:
Work and Culture
"The earthly home becomes a world only when objects as a whole are produced and organized in such a way that they may withstand the consumptive life-process of human beings living among them – and may outlive human beings, who are mortal."
--Hannah Arendt, "Culture and Politics"
In reflections upon the writings of Hannah Arendt, specifically The Human Condition, scholars traditionally respond to her concepts of politics, action, and the public realm. And rightly so: these concepts are undeniably at the core of Arendt's philosophy, sometimes quite ambiguous in their definition, and hence often in need of scholarly analysis. However, meaningful responses to Arendt's interpretation of work are quite rare. That might not be a surprise. In her writings, the category of work remains underexposed. One might even argue that beyond the chapter on Work in The Human Condition, only in the essays "Crisis in Culture" (1961) and the preceding "Kultur und Politik" (1959) does work receive any significant attention. Of course, scores of her critics have argued that the categories of human activity – labor, work, and action – are much more intermixed in real life than how Arendt understands them. But this does not undermine the basic tenets of Arendt's philosophy.
The Unproductive Labor of Politics: Arendt's reading of Adam Smith
Richard Halpern, "Eclipse of Action: Hamlet and the Political Economy of Playing," Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 59, Number 4, Winter 2008, pp. 450-482
As he formulates an original response to the classic problem of Hamlet's non-action, Halpern offers one of the few critical analyses of Arendt's reading of Adam Smith in The Human Condition. He shows how Arendt draws on Smith's concepts of productive and unproductive labor to articulate her key concepts of work and labor. Moreover, his close reading draws our attention to an intriguing paradox in the temporality of action that may indicate a corrective—albeit a difficult one—to the current demand for instant gratification that often leads to cynicism in the face of great political challenges.
Halpern reminds us that Aristotle separates action from labor; Smith replaces action with production; and Arendt seeks to restore action to a place of prominence in the political realm. Arendt explicitly says that "the distinction between productive and unproductive labor contains, albeit in a prejudicial manner, the more fundamental distinction between work and labor" (HC 87). She does not simply take over Smith's idea, but wishes to transfer his distinction from his own economic system (the "prejudice" of his own thought) to her own thinking of labor and work. Halpern's analysis of Arendt's move helps us start to think about her surprising appeal to 18th century economic theory. Moreover, it her discussion of Smith (and better known critique of Marx), I see her posing an even broader question: what does it mean to be productive and what are the appropriate spheres of different types of productivity?
Within the realm of production, Halpern looks at how Smith offers a further distinction in Book 2, Chapter 3 of The Wealth of Nations, under the heading "Of the Accumulation of Capital, or of Productive and Unproductive Labor":
There is one sort of labor which adds to the value of the subject upon which it is bestowed: there is another which has no such effect. The former, as it produces a value, may be called productive; the latter, unproductive labour. Thus the labour of a manufacturer adds, generally, to the value of the materials which he works upon, that of his own maintenance, and of his master's profit. The labor of a menial servant, on the contrary, adds to the value of nothing. (Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. Edwin Cannan (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1976), 351.)
Smith draws a distinction between labor that holds or builds value (say the manufacture of a chair), and labor that evaporates the moment the worker completes it (such as cleaning the house or washing clothes). Classical political economists of the 18th and 19th century engaged in wide ranging debates over what should "count" as value before capitalist countries agreed on the ratio of labour to output or per capita GDP as the standard; socialist countries, following the USSR, adopted an alternative "material product system" that prioritized the amount of goods. In a time of environmental change, this glimpse into the history of economic theory may offer a helpful reminder that society can decide to change the standard of economic success.
According to Halpern, Arendt draws from Smith not to rehabilitate an outmoded aspect of economic theory, but to draw inspiration for her creation of distinct conceptual spaces for labor, work, and action. Specifically, she aligns Smith's "unproductive labor" with her circular conception of labor and "productive labor" with her linear conception of work. This does not mean that labor is unproductive but it does require a clarification of different types of productivity. I see it as useful to keep the discussion on productivity since these spheres of private life and cultural and industrial economy then offer a contrast to the political sphere where action can happen. Action is neither circular like labor, nor linear like work, but has its own peculiar directionality and temporality. Halpern's analysis helpfully zeroes in on the perplexing relation between the ephemerality of labor and action and action's desire for permanence:
The temporal paradox of the political is that while it aims at immortality, action and speech are, in themselves, evanescent: "Left to themselves, they lack not only the tangibility of other things, but are even less durable and more futile than what we produce for consumption" (HC 95). Like Smith's unproductive labor, action disappears in the moment of its occurrence because it leaves no material trace behind. (Halpern, 457)
Politics demands an extraordinary effort. It asks that one expend energy indefinitely for an uncertain reward. Discussion and debate goes on and on, only occasionally clicking with spectacular agreement or deflationary compromise. Arendt's analysis can help us perceive the difficulty of contemporary politics that attempts to fit into consumer culture that preserves, and thus remembers, nothing.
Arendt's attention to the aspects of debate and negotiation that might be seen as unproductive (a dimension that in other parts of the Human Condition she relates to menial work, again often in relation to Smith) offers a corrective to a misguided understanding of politics that leads to frustration and despair.Even if we are not at the extreme level of the menial functioning of a New England town hall meeting debating the budget for potholes or an Occupy Wall Street discussion that requires unanimous consensus for closure, politics works in a different temporality. Rather than the fever pitched accusations of crisis that in the U.S. actually covers up rather than encourage political risk, a more humble sense of public debate as requiring something like the patience of the menial task may be a corrective.
Political action in Arendt's sense differs from work in being freed from a fixed goal. She links this freedom, which for her is based on self-referentiality, to drama:
Arendt's discomfort with the economic dimension of theater reveals itself when she criticizes Adam Smith for grouping actors, along with churchmen, lawyers, musicians, and others, as unproductive laborers and hence as lowly cousins of the menial servant (HC 207). Arendt would distinguish all of these activities from labor in that they "do not pursue an end . . . and leave no work behind . . . , but exhaust their full meaning in the performance itself " (206). Smith's inclusion of these autotelic activities under the category of labor is for Arendt a sign of the degradation that human activity had already undergone by the early days of the modern era. By contrast, "It was precisely these occupations—healing, flute-playing, play-acting—which furnished ancient thinking with examples for the highest and greatest activities of man" (207–21). What Arendt overlooks is that—already in the ancient world—healing, flute playing, and playacting became remunerated professions and differed in this respect from politics, which was not the work of a professional class of politicians. (Halpern 458)
Arendt agrees that actors on the stage perform fleeting scenes, but wishes to link this to "the highest and greatest activities of man," ie. those of politics. Halpern argues that in fact, actors in ancient times already worked for wages and were thus not independent like citizens in their roles as politicians. Nonetheless, Arendt shows us that in the modern period we can learn something about acting in politics from acting in the arts. The key point for Halpern is that drama, etc. are "autotelic activities." They do not even keep up the house like menial work; they have their own end and really evaporate in reaching this end. Political action works along an undecidable edge: even less productive than labor but at any moment potentially the most lasting. Against the odds, politics holds open the space in which something new can begin and thus renew the human world against the circular forces of nature.
One could reasonably argue that in his focus on the connection between labor and action, Halpern fails to adequately emphasize the importance of work. In a world of labor and the victory of animal laborans, there is no work to preserve action and no polis/world to give action memorialization. Indeed, we face the danger of the collapse of the world into the "waste economy" (HC 134) and the seductions to action disappear. However, Halpern does not say that play is action for Arendt but rather, as I understand his argument, that it there is an aspect of action that is like play. Action requires debate that may seem to be going nowhere, or just be undertaken for its own sake up to the moment that it takes a risk. When it dares to venture into the public realm, action clearly very different from play as a hobby.
Labor is both constant and fleeting. On the one hand, the demands of the body never end, nor do the cycles of nature. On the other hand, labor is also fleeting in that its mode of production only temporarily maintains life. Action is also fleeting from the perspective that the risk it takes often evaporates but has the utmost political constancy when one considers those actions that succeed in forming the power of a new beginning.
In the remainder of the article, Halpern moves from The Human Condition to Hamlet, arguing that Shakespeare replaces action on the classical model of tragedy with the ceaseless activity of Hamlet's thoughts. This activity runs in circles like unproductive labor in Smith and labor in Arendt rather than the action of Aristotle's aesthetic and Arendt's political ideal. From an Arendtian point of view, the modernity of the drama reveals a challenge to politics, the challenge of a time out of joint that action has to face again and again.
-Jeffrey Champlin
Hannah Arendt and Feminist Politics
Mary Dietz, "Hannah Arendt and Feminist Politics"
In: Hannah Arendt: Critical Essays (Albany: SUNY Press, 1994) 231-260.
Dietz begins by recalling that in the 1970s and 80s, feminist critics Adrienne Rich and Mary O'Brien attacked Arendt as a great political thinker who, as female, was all the more culpable for strengthening traditional gender differences in her writing. These critics primary challenged Arendt's hard line between labor and action. Dietz agrees with these critics that since the duties of body and household that characterize labor traditionally fall to women, Arendt's conceptual distinction has the potential to reinforce gender roles that have excluded women from the public realm. Action, in contrast to labor, occurs in an explicitly political sphere modeled on ancient Athens, where men debated the future of the city.
In Dietz's account, much of broader feminist thought celebrates the very spheres of life that have traditionally been relegated to the household and family. She, in contrast, sees Arendt as offering a way to not to look inward, but to value all voices in the public realm. In "Arendt's existential analysis [...] there is nothing intrinsically or essentially masculine about the public realm, just as there is nothing essentially feminine about laboring in the realm of necessity" (248). In other words, she removes the inner anchors of the public realm in some see in gender difference and replaces it with and alternative spatial conception. In terms of a critique of "essence," and thinking of recent work on Heidegger's influence on Arendt, this insight might be understood as expanding what Heidegger terms "existential spatiality" in Being and Time into the political realm.
A second advantage of Arendt's though that Dietz sees as relevant for feminist thought is the emphasis on speech. While Arendt does not go into the specifics of how speech should work in the political realm, Dietz asks if women potentially bring a different voice to plural deliberations.
Perhaps most compellingly, Dietz concludes by arguing that Arendt actually brings the body into the political realm: "In fact, Arendt's account of politics in the public realm brings courage, the spontaneity of passion, and "appearance" to the foreground" (250). Here she emphasized Arendt's specific definition of "reason" in the political realm, which is not just instrumental but includes an expansive representational thinking.
Reflecting on Dietz's argument suggests a parallel between scholarship on Hegel and Arendt. In the Phenomenology of Spirit, Hegel at times says that spirit moves from a lower to a higher level, implying a hierarchy of meaning. In recent years though, commentators have emphasized that "absolute knowledge" does not simply cancel out the earlier stages but brings them together in a new way. In other words, they work to redefine the key term "sublation" (Aufhebung). Similarly, Arendt does clearly value action over work and labor from the point of view of the threatened political realm. However, the impression that Arendt leaves labor behind may be a matter of tone more than logic. A close reading of the Human Condition shows that all three spheres of labor, work, and action are important and interconnected. A rereading of Arendt that takes into account earlier conceptual clarifications but looks for new links can work out exactly how these connections operate.
-Jeff Champlin
Transformation of the Intangible
Everything that is, must appear, and nothing can appear without a shape of its own…
-Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition
The book is under attack. A recent article in The New Atlantis begins by calling the book "modernity's quintessential technology," but reports that "now that the rustle of the book's turning page competes with the flicker of the screen's twitching pixel, we must consider the possibility that the book may not be around much longer," and asks "If it isn't — if we choose to replace the book…what does it tell us about ourselves that we may soon retire this most remarkable, five-hundred-year-old technology?" The book's future at the university is also uncertain. Even as student surveys consistently show preference for the "real thing," a shift of emphasis towards the e-text is discernible in library catalogs and, increasingly, basic course requirements. Since 2009, roughly thirty major universities have joined a pilot program requiring the purchase of e-text in lieu of textbooks for select courses.
The challenge for those driven to distraction by these developments is to articulate, in reasonably urgent and suitably political terms, what might otherwise seem a vague and idiosyncratic sense of loss—loss of depth and of a world—in an age of digital information. To this purpose, Christine Rosen in the aforementioned article quotes Hannah Arendt: "The printed book is the 'transformation of the intangible into the tangibility of things,' as Hannah Arendt put it; it is imagined and lived action and speech turned into palpable remembrance."
The quote comes from a section of Arendt's The Human Condition called "The Thing-Character of the World." There Arendt distinguishes the products of labor, work, and action in their distinct roles in the making of the world. What distinguishes the first two—the products of labor and work—is that while the former (e.g. "a bread"), being "needed by our bodies…but without stability," are destined to "appear and disappear" through "incessant consumption," the latter (e.g. "a table"), "Viewed as part of the world…guarantee the permanence and durability without which a world would not be possible at all." Though the products of work "wear" over time through use, they do not regularly "disappear"—indeed, Arendt says later in The Human Condition that without their stability the human artifice "could never be a reliable home for men"; that without the fabrication of houses, chairs, tables, tools, bridges and the like—the world would assume "the sublime indifference of untouched nature," and our dwelling within it (to the extent that such a term would be appropriate) would mean substantially less.
The products of work, in turn, bear a special relationship to "the 'products' of action and speech, which together constitute the fabric of human relationships and affairs." Because the latter "do not 'produce,' bring forth anything…In order to become worldly things…they must first be seen, heard, and remembered and then transformed, reified as it were, into things—into sayings of poetry, the written page or the printed book, into paintings or sculpture, into all sorts of records, documents, and monuments." Human remembrance of action and speech may sustain the "factual world of human affairs" for a short while, but ultimately "The reality and reliability of the human world rest primarily on the fact that we are surrounded by things more permanent," things which survive long after the act and actor.
Seeing all this, the problem of books remains a perplexing one—for on one hand, if the written word simply compensates for the frailty of human remembrance, might a digital text serve the same purpose? On the other hand, if standard mass produced books hardly qualify as singular "works of art" (which Arendt calls "the most intensely worldly of all tangible things" because they endure both despite and because they have no use value) our only alternative is to accord books the same status as Arendt's "chair," a worldly artifact which stays in the world not only because it is durable, but because it is useful. This, however, only begets the original question of why use the book in the first place, rather than a digital copy? Absent any rare or singular artistic value to a particular volume, there seems no clear reason to preserve the book. To exit this conundrum, it seems one must explain why reification of the word in particular into a tangible thing is important.
In a recent article in Philosophy and Literature Jonathan Brent offers one answer. He writes that "'Content' is not simply 'content.' It has a form and a wrapper. If we do not recognize this, we risk making a fundamental mistake." Books, says Brent, with their "spines, headbands, prefaces (and sometimes postfaces), appendices, running feet, footnotes, headnotes, shoulders...heads…[and] tails," are not only "'content' but…unique embodiments and transmitters of a life beyond themselves[.]"
Moreover "The characters, of which words are made, are not a graven image but engraved images made originally with an instrument that in Greek was called a kharakter." Thus the covenant between God and Abraham and his descendants—a sentence—"cuts into us at the point where the flesh and word become one." In the same spirit, one might add, did God give unto Moses "two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God."
For Arendt, the reification of words serves a purpose less reliant on the rugged idea of kharacter, and more on Brent's colorful sense of "form and wrapper." Indeed, for Arendt it is precisely the "form and wrapper" which give the ordinary products of work—the useful but otherwise expendable artifacts of the world—a far more profound and ultimately political importance:
"The man-made world of things," Arendt concludes Section 23 of The Human Condition ("The Permanence of the World and the Work of Art," and the last section of the chapter on "Work"), "the human artifice erected by homo faber, becomes a home for mortal men, whose stability will endure and outlast the ever-changing movement of their lives and actions, only insomuch as it transcends both the sheer functionalism of things produced for consumption and the sheer utility of objects produced for use." In other words, notwithstanding that the durable objects of the world first exist, and then persist in the world largely because of their use value, in appearing before humans they also achieve a value and meaning independent of instrumental concerns—a value and meaning in and of themselves. Arendt prepares this point some lines earlier: "Everything that is," she writes, "must appear, and nothing can appear without a shape of its own; hence there is in fact no thing that does not in some way transcend its functional use, and its transcendence, its beauty or ugliness, is identical with appearing publicly and being seen. By the same token, namely, its sheer worldly existence, everything also transcends the sphere of pure instrumentality…are judged not only according to the subjective needs of men but by the objective standards of the world where they will find their place[.]"
Here Arendt, in a manner not as apparent in her later appropriation of Kant (where she attaches judgment to the sense of taste), suggests a direct connection between the possibility for political judgment and the sense of sight. The appearance of product of work in public not only establishes the thing as thing, but engenders an aesthetic quality that transcends its use value, thus giving the world itself a firmer grounding than mere utility. Moreover, the appearance of the thing in public functions like Arendt's famous "table" which at once relates and separates humans, not only in space, but also (as Arendt's own desk continues to do in the classroom at Bard College's Hannah Arendt Center) across time. In the case of books, it is not only the physical binding that appears in public, but just as importantly the great words and deeds contained within in which, through the tangible presence of the book, also enter the everyday world of appearances.
Hannah Arendt, as is well known, was a student of Martin Heidegger. In his essay "The Thing" Heidegger wrote that "the Old High German word thing means a gathering, and specifically a gathering to deliberate on a matter under discussion, a contested matter." Furthermore "thing or dinc…is suited as no other word to translate properly the Roman word res, that which is pertinent, which has a bearing," as in res publica which means, "not the state, but that which, known to everyone, concerns everybody and is therefore deliberated in public." In this context Heidegger warned that while "Thinging is the nearing of the world," the "frantic abolition of all distances brings no nearness." The abolition of all distances fashioned by modern technology, in other words, threatens to eliminate the minimal distance required for things to appear in public in a manner that is both in-between and connecting of individuals. Thus, Heidegger warned, at a time in which "All distances in time and space are shrinking," and man receives "instant information" and witnesses "the abolition of every possibility of remoteness," the paradoxical result will be "the failure of nearness to materialize in consequence of the abolition of all distances[.]"
Such passages evoke a famous moment in The Human Condition previously alluded to, where Arendt writes that "To live together in the world means essentially that a world of things is between those who have it in common as a table is located between those who sit around it; the world, like every in-between, relates and separates men at the same time." Books—old-fashioned, time faded, coffee-stained books—are part of that world of things that, like Arendt's table, constitute the in-between that relates and separates men. Seen through the lens of Heidegger and Arendt, the problem facing the digital age—of which the vanishing of books is but one exemplary form—is whether the world itself, and the worldly in-between with its attendant plurality mediated by things that appear and endure, can itself endure; or alternatively, whether a world is still possible, and if so what kind, among humans related and separated no longer by things, but by pixel screens and antennae.
-John LeJeune
Labor and Summer Vacation
"There is no lasting happiness outside the prescribed cycle of painful exhaustion and pleasurable regeneration, and whatever throws this cycle out of balance – poverty and misery where exhaustion is followed by wretchedness instead of regeneration, or great riches and an entirely effortless life where boredom takes the place of exhaustion and where the mills of necessity, of consumption and digestion, grind an impotent human body mercilessly and barrenly to death – ruins the elemental happiness that comes from being alive."
-Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition
A great deal has been written about Hannah Arendt's philosophical and political thinking, but as the academic year draws to a close, it is important to remember that she urges her readers to think about and appreciate all aspects of human existence, including the life of the body. The passage quoted above comes from the Labor chapter of The Human Condition, in which Arendt traces the worrisome trend in the modern world where human activity is more and more dominated by a concern for the cyclical process of production and consumption. It is safe to say that ours is the kind of "waste economy" she speaks of, in which all objects become consumed and used up rather than used and re-used over time. Even highly technologically advanced devices such as our mobile phones are manufactured and treated as more or less disposable, made to last for a few years before they become obsolete and need to be replaced. The threat that a laboring and consuming society poses to a stable and durable human world has potentially disastrous consequences not only for political life, but also more generally for our ability to feel at home in our condition as earthly beings. In light of Arendt's critique of labor as a human activity, it is remarkable that she pauses to acknowledge that this essentially worldless cycle of production and consumption with the aim of merely preserving our biological existence is the only activity that holds the key to "lasting" and "elemental" happiness in our lives.
The need to labor is "prescribed" by our condition as living beings most obviously in the case of needing to eat. In one way or another, all of us must continually expend energy in order to have food on the table. Happiness is found in this cycle of exhaustion and regeneration when each side balances the other, when pain and pleasure each contribute to feeling fully alive.
For most Americans this cycle is somewhat indirect since the number of people working on farms or growing food remains a minority. As the expenditure of energy through labor is abstracted (usually through the medium of money) from the regenerative act of consumption, it becomes more difficult to find happiness in the endless cycle of necessity. Furthermore, Arendt points out that the balance of exhaustion and regeneration can only be found in a middle-class life that is harder to come by today given the ever widening gap in income distribution. As the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, life itself becomes a burden for both extremes – a source of misery on one hand and a sign of impotence on the other – rather than a source of sustaining fulfillment.
How might we seek to reclaim this balance?
While many students and teachers (myself included) may be feeling the need for a pleasurable regeneration in the form of a vacation after a long season of schoolwork, Arendt is clear that "intellectual labor" shares few characteristics of manual labor related to maintaining our biological existence. However, there is also a pervasive notion that summer vacation from school was not designed to give students a break from thinking, but rather out of the necessity for young people to work on their families' farms. Summer vacation is often thought of as a remnant of America's agrarian past. Despite the fact that this interpretation of summer vacation is in fact historically erroneous, its persistence in the American mind suggests a collective nostalgia for a time when there was a balance of work, labor, and leisure in our lives.
Many educators and politicians today are questioning the wisdom of taking two or more consecutive months off from school, citing the educational demands that the 21st century economy places on individuals trying to earn a living. Summer vacation has been shown to negatively impact those students who are most in need of academic support since they are the least likely to have the privilege of enriching summer experiences at home or in summer programs. Many charter schools have turned to extended school days and extended school years to improve test scores of historically failing (usually urban) populations. It would be wrong to oppose eliminating summer vacation on the grounds that it takes away regenerative time for students, because summer is only regenerative for a privileged segment of the population. But perhaps a case can be made for the present relevance of the historical misconception that summer vacation is a time for young people to learn by laboring for food.
Although the local food movement has largely been the preoccupation of the upper-middle class, it has the potential to change how people in communities across the country participate in cycles of production and consumption. Community based agricultural opportunities are popping up in urban and rural areas, many of which seek to involve as many young people as possible through schools and other community organizations. These farming programs have the potential to teach young people that happiness comes through painful laboring while reaping the direct benefits for oneself and one's own community. These kinds of work opportunities could begin to shift the imbalance of human activity in our society and reclaim a more direct and fulfilling form of laborer than the mere "jobholder."
Insofar as education aspires to be more than training in how to make a living in the modern economy – a task made nearly impossible given the rapid technological and societal changes that make it very difficult for teachers to predict what the world may be like when their students are adults – it can open opportunities for young people to reflect on and make meaning of the various aspects of human living on earth. Schools must stand apart from the economic life process long enough to foster a free appreciation for, rather than enslavement to, the cycles of being alive. Participating in the growing of one's own food during the summer months – whether at home, in a community garden, or on an urban farm – is a good way to learn gratitude for the bodily pain and pleasure that define the life that we have been given.
-Steven Tatum
Transhumanism: Overcoming Death
Science fiction, Hannah Arendt tells us, has too long been undervalued by those who would seek to comprehend the human condition. It is in the human fantasies of our future that mankind reveals our desires, both possible and not yet possible. For Arendt, some of those deepest and longest-held desires included the desire to flee the earth, to play God and to make human beings, and to make labor unnecessary. Her book, The Human Condition, is in part an effort to think through the fact that many of these human desires were, for the first time in millennia, threatening to become possible.
We make a mistake to ignore science fiction, especially in an era where the unprecedented advance of technological ability makes it possible that today's dreams will soon be realized. With that in mind, it is worth looking at Alex Mar's profile of life, death, and cryogenic preservation of FM-2030, otherwise known as Fereidoun M. Esfandiary.
Writing in The Believer, Mar introduces FM-2030, one of the founders of the transhumanism movement. FM-2030 has a single defining dream for the future of man, that we overcome our given and earthly and biological limits. If man, as Arendt writes, is both someone who lives in a given and fated world and someone who can change and re-make that world, the transhumanists like FM-2030 imagine a time in the near future in which all biological, temporal, and physical limits will be overcome. Including death.
The ultimate goal for transhumanists has never been merely to improve mankind, but to defeat our greatest opponent: death. Of course, not all champions of Progress make the titanic leap to Immortality—the jump is so vast, so wildly immodest and presumptuous as to cross over into the realm of the kind of uncomfortably eccentric. But as FM would put it, "No one today can be too optimistic." Transhumanists, in their crusade against time, have begun to buy themselves some of it, at the cost of a pricey life-insurance policy. With some cryoprotectants and a lot of liquid nitrogen, humanity—or at least the one-thousand-ish people affiliated with Alcor, currently the largest cryonics group in the country—has been gifted with the semi-scientific semi-possibility of radically extended life. Die a clinical "death," go to sleep, wake up eons later, when existence is a whole new ball game. So when will immortality come?
If you want to understand the human condition, that means knowing well too our most human dreams. Today, technological optimism is at the center of those dreams. Fereidoun M. Esfandiary was for many the first great transhumanist of the late 20th century, the precursor to Ray Kurzweil, who also dreams of his own immortality. This story of his untimely death, and efforts to preserve him, reveal much about the movement he helped to found.
Read the article here.
Read related essays on the human dream of a non-human future here.
You can also purchase the inaugural issue of HA, the Hannah Arendt Center Journal, which features a selection of articles by Nicholson Baker, Babette Babich, Rob Riemen, Marianne Constable, and Roger Berkowitz from our 2010 conference, "Human Being in an Inhuman Age."
Thoughtless Purposefulness
The word designating military drones comes from the word for bee. This is true all over the world, in countless languages. Partly because of this linguistic consistency, it is a common misperception that drones take their name from the buzzing sound when unmanned aircraft fill the air. More accurately, however, drones trace their etymological lineage to the male honey-bee that is called a drone. The male drone-bee is distinguished from the female worker-bees. It does no useful work and has one single function: to impregnate the queen-bee. What unites military drones with their apiary namesakes is not sound, but thoughtless purposefulness.
The beauty of the drone-bee—like the dark beauty of the military drone—is its single-minded purpose. It is a miracle of efficiency, designed to do one thing. The drone-bee is not distracted by the perfume of flowers or the contentment of labor. It is born, lives, and dies with only one task in mind. Similarly, the military drone suffers neither from hunger nor from distraction. It does what it is told. If necessary, it will sacrifice itself for its mission. It is a model of thoughtless efficiency.
A few weeks ago I wrote about Ernst Jünger's novel The Glass Bees, in which a brilliant inventor produces tiny flying glass bees that offer limitless potential for surveillance and war. Today I turn to Jake Kosek's recent paper "Ecologies of Empire: On The New Uses of the Honeybee." Kosek does not cite Jünger's novel, and yet his article is in many ways its non-fiction sequel. What Kosek sees is that the rise of drones in military strategy is tied deeply to their ability to mimic the activity and demeanor of male honey-bees. It is because bees can fly, swarm, change direction, alter their course, and yet achieve their single purpose absent any intentionality or thinking that bees are so useful in modern warfare.
Bees have long been associated with military endeavors, both metaphorically and literally. Kosek tells that our word bomb comes from the Greek bombos, which means bee. The first bombs were, it seems, beehives dropped or catapulted into the heart of the enemy camp. Bees are today trained to sniff out toxic chemicals; and beeswax was for generations an essential ingredient in munitions.
In the war on terror, bees have taken on a special significance. The "enemy's lack of coherence—institutionally, ideologically, and territorially— makes the search for the enemy central to the politics of the war on terror." War in the war on terror is ever less a contest of armies on the battlefield and is increasingly a war of knowledge. This means that surveillance—for centuries an important complement to battlefield tactics—comes to occupy the core of the modern war on terror. In this regard, drones are essential, as drones can hover in the air unseen for days, gathering essential intelligence on persons, groups, or even whole cities. All the more powerful would be miniature drones that fly through the air unseen and at ground level. That is why Kosek writes that "Intelligence gathering [is] not just limited to psychologists, sociologists, lawyers, and military planners, but [has come] to include biologists, anthropologists, epidemiologists, and even entomologists." What the military use of bees promises is access to information and worlds not previously open to human knowledge. Bees, Kosek writes, are increasingly the model for the modern military.
The advantage of bees is not simply their thoughtlessness, but is found also in their ability to operate as part of a swarm. Current drone technology requires that each drone be controlled by a single pilot. What happens when hundreds of drones must share the airspace around a target? How can drones coordinate their activity? Kosek quotes a private contractor, John Sauter, who says:
"A central aspect of the future of warfare technology is to get networks of machines to operate as self-synchronized war fighting units that can act as complex adaptive systems. . . We want these machines to be fighting units that can operate as reconfigurable swarms that are less mechanical and more organic, less engineered and more grown."
The point is that drones, be they large or small, must increasingly work in conjunction with each other at a speed and level of nuance that is impossible for human controllers to manage. The result is that we must model the drones of the future on bees.
The scientists working with the Pentagon to create drones that can fly and function like bees are not entomologists, but mathematicians. The DNA of the glass or silicone bees of the future will be complex algorithms inspired by but actually surpassing the ability of swarms "to coordinate and collect small bits of information that can be synchronized to make collective action by drones possible." Once this is possible, one controller will be able to manage a single drone "and the others adapt, react, and coordinate with that drone."
Kosek's article is provocative and fascinating. His ruminations on empire strike me as overdone; his insights about the way our training and use of bees has transformed the bee and the ways that bees are serving as models and inspiration for our own development of new ways to fight wars and solve problems are important. So too is his imagination of the bee as the six-legged soldier of the future. Whether the drones of the future are cyborg bees (as some in Kosek's article suggest) or mechanical bees as Jünger imagined half a century ago, it is nevertheless the case that thinking about the impact of drones on warfare and human life is enriched by the meditation on the male honeybee. For your weekend read , I offer you Jake Kosek's "Ecologies of Empire: On The New Uses of the Honeybee."
Borrowing from Peter to Pay Paul
Stephanie A. Miner, the Mayor of Syracuse NY, has an important op-ed essay in The NY Times Thursday. Syracuse is one of hundreds of cities around the state and tens of thousands around the country that are struggling with the potentially disastrous effects of out-of-control pension costs. Where this crisis is heading can be seen in California, where San Bernadino has become the third California city to declare bankruptcy. These cities are dying. They are caught in a bind. Either they decide not to pay their promised debts to pensioners; or, in honoring those debts, they so fully raise taxes and cut services as to ruin the lives of their citizens.
In Syracuse, Mayor Miner understands well the depth of the problem. First, public employee labor costs are too high not because salaries are high, but because pension costs and medical benefits are rising without limit. Second, revenues are being slashed, both from the recession and from cutbacks from the state and federal governments. Finally, the middle and upper class flight from cities to suburbs have left the tax base in cities low at the moment when poorer city dwellers are disproportionately in need of public services.
The result is that cities are faced with a stark choice: Do they pay older citizens what has been promised to them? Or do they cut those promised pensions in order to provide services for the young? This is a generational conflict that is playing out across the country.
Miner is worried that the response by NY State is making the problem worse. In short, Governor Cuomo and the legislature have decided to let cities that cannot afford to fund their burgeoning pension obligations borrow money to pay those pensions. The kicker is, that the cities are being told to borrow money from the very same pension plan to which they owe money.
If this sounds suspicious, it is. As Danny Hakim—one of the best financial reporters around—wrote almost exactly one year ago in the NY Times, this is a desperate and dangerous move:
When New York State officials agreed to allow local governments to use an unusual borrowing plan to put off a portion of their pension obligations, fiscal watchdogs scoffed at the arrangement, calling it irresponsible and unwise.
And now, their fears are being realized: cities throughout the state, wealthy towns such as Southampton and East Hampton, counties like Nassau and Suffolk, and other public employers like the Westchester Medical Center and the New York Public Library are all managing their rising pension bills by borrowing from the very same $140 billion pension fund to which they owe money.
The state's borrowing plan allows public employers to reduce their pension contributions in the short term in exchange for higher payments over the long term. Public pension funds around the country assume a certain rate of return every year and, despite the market gains over the last few years, are still straining to make up for steep investment losses incurred in the 2008 financial crisis, requiring governments to contribute more to keep pension systems afloat.
Supporters argue that the borrowing plan makes it possible for governments in New York to "smooth" their annual pension contributions to get through this prolonged period of market volatility.
Critics say it is a budgetary sleight-of-hand that simply kicks pension costs down the road.
Borrowing from the state pension plan to pay municipal pension costs is simply failing to pay the pensions this year and thus having to pay more next year.
Hakim, as good as he is, allows Thomas P. DiNapoli—the state's comptroller—to get away with calling the scheme "amortization."
The state's comptroller, Thomas P. DiNapoli, said in a statement, "While the state's pension fund is one of the strongest performers in the country, costs have increased due to the Wall Street meltdown." He added that "amortizing pension costs is an option for some local governments to manage cash flow and to budget for long-term pension costs in good and bad times."
But how is this amortization? The assumption or hope is that the market will rise, the pension fund will go up, and then the municipalities will owe less. That is hardly amortization. No, it is desperate speculation with public monies.
The crisis in our cities afflicts the whole country, according to a study by the Pew Center on the States.
Cities employing nearly half of U.S. municipal workers saw their pension and retiree health-care funding levels fall from 79% in fiscal year 2007 to 74% in fiscal year 2009, using the latest available data, according to the Pew Center on the States. Pension systems are considered healthy if they are 80% funded.
The reason to pay attention to the problems in cities is that cities have even less ability to solve their pension shortfalls than states. The smaller the population, the more a city would have to tax each citizen in order to help pay for the pensions of its retired public workers. The result is that either cities get bailed out by states and lose their independence (as is happening in Michigan) or the cities file for bankruptcy (as is happening in California).
Mayor Miner, a Democrat, takes a huge risk in standing up to the Governor and the legislature. She is rightly insisting that they stop hiding from our national addiction to the crack-cocaine of unaffordable guaranteed lifetime pensions. Piling unpayable debts upon our cities will, in the end, bankrupt these cities. And it will continue the flight to the suburbs and the hollowing out of the urban core of America. Above all, it will sacrifice our future in order to allow the baby boomers to retire in luxury. Let's hope Miner's call doesn't go unheeded.
My girlfriend and I walked by a clothing storefront and noticed the print on some of the t-shirts at the lower right corner of the window and went in. She had mentioned this Imaginary Foundation (IF) before. They make print t-shirts.
I went to school at an expensive liberal arts college in the Hudson Valley—everyone there makes print t-shirts. It is like a business you start as a college sophomore as a way to convince yourself that you are a 'creative entrepreneur' before you enter the corporate world (or, alternatively, as a penance for inherited culture and comfort) the not-for-profit world.
Often, I cannot stand them —the print t-shirts. There is something out of shape about them, as if the juxtaposition of body/shirt/image, sets askew some intrinsic agreement in the marriage of fashion and identity. And yet, the IF designs spoke to me. There is something dreamy and yet sincere about these prints. If le petit prince was looking for a print t-shirt, he would buy one of these.
It just so happened that the owner of the company was visiting this Seattle distributor and was in the store. He was awkward, skittish and European. I liked him, and before we left I told him that I blog for a thinking and humanities institute out east and may want to write about his brand. That's how I got into the Imaginary Foundation.
The shirts are not exactly 'pretty,' or 'fashionable,' rather, their attraction is a gesture beyond themselves -- a rare feat in a culture that positions branding as the apex of success. I'll describe one shirt and if interested you can invest your own time in the Imaginary Foundation.
The "Being There" shirt has three anonymous human heads (one of the cloud suit, one of the water suit, and one of the fire suit). The heads are in peripheral view and are aligned, with a slight skew (allowing us the view of all three faces), as they break through a wall, the veil of the universe.
Other shirts handle concepts of psychosis and love "Love Science," science and discovery in a reach towards heaven "Reach," and other such concepts widely considered esoteric or cliché within the lens of our popular culture. But, we no longer understand what a 'cliché' is. I have long held the view that a cliché is a truth, or a point of interest and perspective insight, that has simply been worn out by overexposure. But who has worn it out? How have we taken the liberty and quiet pleasure of the private sphere (the realms of reflection, contemplation, meditation as it is thought of in the Greek terms), out of our living cycle, our consciousness, our daily existence? Why is the call for private contemplation no longer a necessity of existence? It seems we should have more time then ever for such practices. So many of our daily chores, our basic needs, are met through the economic matrix. I no longer have to chop wood for warmth, hunt a boar for food, trek down to the river for a water simply, etc... Why shouldn't I spend more time in private contemplation, or even public conversation on these more subtle topics of the human necessity? Why shouldn't I be making something in an effort to communicate those private necessities? The actualization of the humanist requires space for such a practice. And yet, anything that requires a slowing down of, a calling for the work of the mind and private reasoning, is now, quite often immediately, labeled a cliché.
In The Human Condition Arendt writes "The emancipation of labor and the concomitant emancipation of the laboring classes from oppression and exploitation certainly means progress in the direction of non-violence. It is much less certain that it was also progress in the direction of freedom." She is not saying that laboring classes should not have been emancipated. Rather, that the humanist goal has been blurred by some glitch. Instead of moving towards freedom from wasteful labor (a waste of human power -- physical, mental, spiritual) we instead have emancipated labor. Most of us have become imprisoned in a non-sustainable cycle that for the continuation of its forward motion requires an ever-increasing consumption and waste. This waste can be seen in terms of power. The core power of the human psyche originates in the liberty of free private thoughts—a psychological space for contemplation. A mapping of one's stillness that is only possible in the acquisition of free time. Free time is a result of freedom from labors necessity. What Arendt's thoughts gesture towards is that the set of basic necessities that we have been freed from, have been replaced by another, far more complicated and disguised set—the necessity to perpetuate a system that is moving much faster then us; a necessity to consume and continue consuming. To be 'a part of' is, today, to be a consumer—to take ones place in the labor of waste.
Oh right, I wanted to tell you about a product...
"IF" is a creative project. It gains the viewers attention and borrows the imagination. This is a beginning. It does not steal, it borrows. It suggests the prospect of resonance rather than ownership.
I checked out the company website. The "about" page describes the development of the Imaginary Foundation: "a think tank from Switzerland that does experimental research on new ways of thinking and the power of the imagination. They hold dear a belief in human potential and seek progress in all directions." The page is dotted with black and white images from the sixties, shaggy haired men and turtle-neck clad women engaged in contemplative, laissez-faire, light spirited dialogue. The imaginary director of the foundation is described as a "70-something uber-intellectual whose father founded the Dadaist movement." The foundation is imaginary. It is a base, a canvas, for the products (the t-shirts) and the ideas behind them.
The blog section of the site imagines a list of contributors: Isadore Muggll, Kamilla Rousseau, etc. These architects, as is the back story, are too imaginary. "IF" is a fictional foundation for the product. But the product is real and engaging.
What is captured here goes beyond the tangible properties of the product (t-shirts). It is about what the product delivers—the wonder of creativity and science, the archetypes of the IF. Imagination IS the foundation of this product.
The blog itself is a venue for artists who marry technology and art, as well as other thought provoking materials. The image I use at the head of this article is taken from the blog. Cloud, idea, light, community, play—IF: all these are represented in the Cloud installation. This art installation is a discovery I am brought to by the Imaginary Foundation.
I once taught a course on the development of contemporary advertising, heavily focused on Edward Bernays and the peripheral route of persuasion. Bernays was Sigmund Freud's nephew, Woodrow Wilson's image advisor, the father of the term "Public Relations," and the architect of the torches of freedom (Lucky Strikes) campaign, among many others. His theory, though terribly simplified here, was that the modern consumer does not purchase with his mind; rather, he defers to his emotions in most choices. The rational-actor is a fiction. If consumerism became god, branding became its religion.
Ad campaigns have become remarkably creative, and even, at times, beautiful. Have you ever felt the urge to cry during a Jeep commercial? Many have. I think I have. The central conceptual premise of the AMC show Mad Men, depends upon this tension: between art and consumption; the rendering from black and white, to color; the effective marketing and selling off of the human experience. In question is the art aspect of advertising. It is at the core of Don Draper's motivations, and the one that despite his many character failings keeps endearing him to us. Ultimately we are asking, will he reconcile his artistic urge (his private motivation) with his office at the homunculus of the consumerism model (his role in the corporate arena). Exposed is a manipulation, an incongruence, an infidelity in the marriage of advertising and art. Where as art points towards something beyond itself, beyond even the image and the medium, the ad campaign points only to one purpose—back into itself. No idea behind it. Nothing living. It consumes.
Advertising is like the Ouroboros, the dragon that swallows its own tail; having entirely swallowed itself, the modern advertising campaign defies the laws of balance, it is only the un-relentless, hungry serpent head of consumption -- devoid of the body of life. The only urge driving it is to possess.
It is the difference between the work of Egon Schiele and Penthouse, the writings of Georges Bataille and a godaddy.com super bowl campaign.
Seduce ->consume. This is the current mandate of the ad campaign. But this relationship is only sustainable through incompletion. It requires continual doses. Seduce -> consume -> feel a lack even in the possession of product (contract unfulfilled) -> be seduced again -> consume. Ad infinitum. A terrible loop.
How can consumerism and individual consciousness (the most private sector) be made sustainable? Is it possible for a product to speak beyond itself? To fulfill the promise of its persuasion? And if it could, what would that mean for us?
Here I position the word sustainability to face two directions. In part it refers to what Arendt terms as "worldly," the creation produced through work and not labor, something that has the potential to last beyond the productions of time, something that maneuvers into the arena of the eternal. I also want to posit the word in terms of its evolving contemporary potential. The one sector of the public, and political sphere that allows for the platform of this conversation is the environmental movement. It is where we have begun to contemplate the world beyond the shortsighted view of individual lifetimes. We speak of the sustainability of our planet; we are considering new ways to move our habits from wasteful and consumptive, towards lasting and sustainable power. It is a fairly new conversation and the word "sustainability" is evolving with each new perspective we bring to it.
Sustainability goes beyond consumer awareness. It is about the awareness of the product, how a brand gains consciousness. I need to explore here a definition of "consciousness."
I have come to understand definitions as ever evolving in accordance with society and the pressures put upon it by the conditions of the time, the fractals of our world (more simply put, the culture stew).
Consciousness is the expanding of space into which one can resonate. To learn of the world around us, to acknowledge it, to consider its multiple dimensions, is to become more conscious -- to create space into which we can move by the will of our imagination and invention.
The Imaginary Foundation is an example of this bridge. It acknowledges itself and its fiction. It allows for play. It is a small company that uses the fabrication of its narrative to bring the consumers attention to the mimetic principles behind its product. Revealing the architects conceit brings me (the consumer) into co-authorship of the story. It endears itself to me. We do not only consume the product. We consume the narrative of the product. Even if I do not purchase, if I am thinking about it, I am talking about it, I have bought in. If it generates new ideas and deeper order thoughts, then I have begun to take ownership of the product. I consume the myth, I begin to co-author it -- I don it in the neural network of culture. And thus the product has gained consciousness, has begun to be carried beyond the object -- it resonates.
My study of this product is limited. I am not encouraging anyone here to purchase a shirt. I have not purchased a shirt. What I think this opens up is a table for negotiations between the current consumerism model, and individual consciousness—an opportunity to examine sustainable consumerism in all implications.
-Nikita Nelin


text:
Bunn 4 Position Hopper Rack for MHG Smart Hoppers (Bunn 36760.0001)
- Hoppers not included
- Hold up to 4 Bunn MHG Smart Hoppers
Companion Items
Keep your Bunn MHG Smart Hoppers ready for grinding and close at hand with the Bunn four position hopper rack. The Bunn four position hopper rack is an invaluable tool to better organize the multiple workstations in your total coffee brewing system.
Overall Dimensions:
Width: 9 3/4"
Depth: 15 3/4"
Height: 24 1/4"
Because this item is not stocked in our warehouse, processing and transit times will vary. If you need your items by a certain date,
please note this in the comment section while checking out! Please feel free to log on to our Live Chat should you have any questions
before placing your order. After your order is placed, we will update you via email to let you know how this will be shipping to you.
DownloadsSpecsheet Warranty
A PDF viewer is required to view this product's information. Download Adobe Acrobat software
Related Items
Disposable Coffee Filters
25 Products
Green Recycled Paper Hot Cups and Lids
28 Products
7 1/2" Wood Coffee Stirrer Individually Wrapped 5000 / Case
Coffee Jacket / Coffee Sleeve - 1200 / Case
Condiment Bins
67 Products
Get paid to review this product!
If you've used this product, simply log in and share your text, video, and photo reviews of it. The customers on the left did it, and you can too! Earn up to $16.00 per product.Login or Register

subset: commoncrawl


text:
'The Thorn in the Heart'
Director: Michel Gondry The French filmmaker turns the camera on his aunt Suzette to find out about her life as a school teacher in rural France from the 1950s through the 1980s. Along the way, Gondry uncovers a bit of family history he never knew existed. Why? Most Gondry fans know him... Cannes Film Festival


text:
News Bureau
SHEET Week
of March 17, 2003
Current topics of interest in higher education in western Wisconsin
Story/Photo Idea
UW-Eau Claire will again host Senior Americans' Day Tuesday, March 18, in Davies Center. The annual all-day event brings together adults age 55 and older for a day of education, fun, food, entertainment and camaraderie. This year's program – the 15th annual Senior Americans' Day – has a "Senior Fiesta" theme. Workshops range from "Wonderful Watercolors" to "Genealogy using the Computer" to "Spirituality and Aging." Mary McBride, author and syndicated columnist, will present the keynote address, "Give Us This Day Our Daily Wit: Having a Happier Life with Humor." For details about specific times and programs during Tuesday's fiesta, call UW-Eau Claire's Continuing Education office at (715) 836-3636. Reporters and photographers are welcome at the events.
Story Idea
More than 20 members of the UW-Eau Claire Chapter of Habitat for Humanity are spending their Spring Break building a house in Baton Rouge, La. The students will be part of the national organization's annual Collegiate Challenge, which brings young people to building sites across the country to help with building projects. Students participating in the trip held fundraisers and asked for donations to pay their way. Contact the organization's student leaders for more information. Student leaders in the UW-Eau Claire campus chapter are President Amy Jean McFarlane, email@example.com; Vice President Amanda Kirk, email@example.com; Secretary Noah Ordway, email@example.com; and Treasurer Ryan Prechel, firstname.lastname@example.com.
UW-Eau Claire's Spring Break begins March 17. Classes will resume at 8 a.m. March 24.
UW-Eau Claire's Experts Directory
Judy Berthiaume, Director
UW-Eau Claire News Bureau
Schofield 201
(715) 836-4741
Updated: March 17, 2003


text:
Important News
- The Evening Courses Office is closed from Monday 22nd December until 2nd January 2015 and will re-open on Monday 5th January 2015.
- Winter Term 2014 - Monday 19th January - Friday 27th March 2015(10 weeks). Check the vacancy list for places still available.
- Taster classes on Wednesday 8th January 2015 for Italian, Dutch, Icelandic, Welsh & Portuguese. The class will involve teaching a beginner class for 40 minutes involving clients in activities/conversation. Please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com to book your place. It is FOC.


text:
Austin Area Texas Legislators
Gonzalo Barrientos, State Senator, District 14
Dawnna Dukes, State Representative, District 50
Sherri Greenberg, State Representative, District 48
Harvey Hilderbran, State Representative, District 53
Terry Keel, State Representative, District 47
Mike Krusee, State Representative, District 52
Glen Maxey, State Representative, District 51
Elliott Naishtat, State Representative, District 49
Jeff Wentworth, State Senator, District 25
City of Austin
Kirk Watson, Mayor
Travis County
Bill Aleshire, County Judge
Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority Board
Lee Walker, Capital Metro Board, Chairman and Austin Transportation Study member
Margaret Gomez, Capital Metro Board, Vice Chairperson and Commissioner, Travis County
Beverly Griffith, Austin City Council member, Place 4
Daryl Slusher, Austin City Council member, Place 1
John Trevino, Austin Transportation Study representative
George Denny, Mayor, City of Cedar Park
Sam Billings, Mayor, Jonestown
Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority Staff
Akinsanya, Akinyele
Alexander, Jennifer
Alsbury, Robert
Archer, Sam
Augustine, Justin
Baker, Bob
Barker, Bobbie J.
Benavidez, Jennnifer
Benson, Eddie
Bolton, Michael
Bostic, Trellanie
Brown, Marlene
Burke, Jessie
Bush, Pat
Butler, Mary
Chapa, Gene
Clark, Sandi
Crowther, Nancy
De Leon, Joanna
Doty, Mark
Estrada, Gina
Facundo, Irma
Fernandez, Julianna
Garner, Bryan
Geller, Leslie
Gomez, Joel
Gomez, Maria
Gonzalez, Gloria
Griffin, Gary
Guerrero, Denise
Guzman, David
Hall, Keith
Heard, Rose
Heon, Norm
Herrera, Steve
Hodges, John
Hoskins, James
Imafidon, John
Johnson, Evelyn
Johnson, Jan
King, Maria
Krueger, Fran
Landers, Beverly
Latsha, Rob
Lopez, Elvia
Marquez, Mary
Martin, Pat
Martinez, Fred
Maxwell, Julie
Middleton, Karen
Miller, Erika
Moses, Nancy
Mowat, Donna
Mugno, John
Mugno, Sue
Nañez, Rick
Newby, Tim
Palacios, Tony
Paredes, Juan
Peabody, Dan
Pegg, Alan
Perez, Suzanne
Prejean, Caldwell
Prystawski, Mark
Quiroz, Mary
Ramirez, Joe
Richlen, Craig
Richmond, Joe
Riffe, Paul
Riley, Nancy
Rivera, Pam
Robertson, Jim
Robichaux, Gerald
Rogers, Joe
Romano, John
Rowan, Pat
Scott, Rita
Simmons, Joyce
Simpson, June
Smith, Michelle
Sparks, Irene
Spence, Cathy
Spikes, Blair
Stallion, Tori
Stewart, Lynda
Sylvester, Sylvia
Tegbe, Anthony
Timbes, Elaine
Turner, Rob
Turnipseed, Milton
Tye, Harold
Valdez, Suzanne
Valencia, Laurie
Vaughn, Karen
Vidaurri, Pat
Villarreal, Rafael
Villegas, Danny
Walker, Sharron
Watson, Dolly
Weiters, Meghan
Whelan, Brian
Wilson, Gloria
Xavier, Mark
Zamora, Irene
Railroad Commission of Texas
Jones, Mike
Texas Department of Transportation
Beeman, Tom
Bynam, Judith
Collins, Ed
Hamilton, Paul
Moon, Paul
Texas Employees Retirement System
Gavia, David
Woods, Marianne
Texas Ethics Commission
Mannas, Robert
Texas General Services Commission
Green, Jim
Reed, Janet
Texas Legislative Council
Von Hatten, Richard
Texas Pension Review Board
Horowitz, Rita
Texas Workers' Compensation Commission
Jumper, Donna
McDonald, Allen
Miller, Dell
Oliver, Richard
Opre, Janet R.
Richardson, Scott
Texas State Office of Risk Management
Deering, Joe
The University of Texas at Austin
Gilliland, Shannon
Helmer, Angela
Kapalko, David
Luker, Pam
Martinez, Marla
Vandervort, Mike
Federal Transit Administration
Centner, Rick
Drancsak, Marina
Kelly, Martin
Federal Railroad Administration
Herman, Tom
Federal Surface Transportation Board
Hansen, Ellen
City of Austin
Harber, Bryan
Schappe, Gerald
Wigfall, Terry
Williamson County
Kiley, Julie
Texas Transit Authorities
Corpus Christi Regional Transportation Authority
Mendez, Sylvia
Ortega, Jean
Rodriguez, Gilbert
Dallas Area Rapid Transit
Banta, Steve
Gomez, Ben
Gonzalez, Sheril
Guzman, Sylvia
Lewis, Angie
Lindquist, Michelle
Meshack, Lawrence
Miller, Raymond
Thompson, Fran
El Paso Transit Authority
Burman, Steve
Chapman, William
Diamanti, Pat
Fort Worth Transportation Authority
Berube, Barbara
Binford, Charles
Crownover, Brenda
Lyon, Ruth
Peoples, Cheryl
Woods, Brent
Metropolitan Transportation Authority of Harris County (Houston)
Burridge-Kowalik, Laurie
Fulbright, Mary
Garcia, Hector
Gonzalez, Rose
Hanson, Shelly
Jones, Alberta
Jones, James
Olvera, Nieves
Patina, Fran
VIA Metropolitan Transit Authority (San Antonio)
Boysen, Gloria
Cruz, Yogi
Dahler, Erik
Hassman, Barbara
Munoz, Henry
Stringer, Marion
Vasquez, Rosie
Weynard, Carl
Other Transit Authorities
San Diego Transit Authority (California)
Covell, Charlie
Tereschuck, Peter
Central Ohio Transit Authority (Columbus, Ohio)
Ware, Patrice
Cincinnati-Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority (Ohio)
Davis, Vaughn
Capital District Transportation Authority, Albany New York
Boudreau, Jim
Fitzgerald, Dennis
Greater Richmond, Virginia Transit Company
Atkins, Carl
Richardson, Kenneth
Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority (Tampa, Florida)
Edwards, Harold
Indianapolis Public Transportation Corporation (Indiana)
Baxter, Cindy
Kansas City Area Transportation Authority
Boggan, Jacqueline
City of Tucson Mass Transit Union (Arizona)
Navarro, Raul
Louisville - Transit Authority of River City (Kentucky)
Wheat, David
Madison Metro Transit (Wisconsin)
LaRousse, Paul
Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, California
Hein, William
Sun Tran of Albuquerque (New Mexico)
Cox, Kenneth
Utah Transit Authority (Salt Lake City, Utah)
Wright, Nancy
Thanks also go to:
Anton, Pauline - Travis County Security
Arden, Mitchell B. and Talbot E. Briddell - Phoenix Management Services
Barrios, Gary, Gretchen Braithwaite-Kolb, and Robert Mowat - DAVE Transportation Services, Inc.
Barton, Lydia Wommack - Barton and Vanderburg
Beason, Ted and Linda Dunbar - Texas Municipal League
Bond, Theresa, Rick Fielder, Cynthia Hansen, and Michael Irwin - Frost Bank
Braun, John - Braun and Butler Construction, Inc.
Brown, Lorelei - private citizen
Bruening, David - American Public Transit Association
Burton, Barbara -former Capital Metropolitan Transportation Board Chair
Chase, Sandy - private citizen
Cheatham, Don - Longhorn Rail
Cowart, David and Hoffman, Tom - Jenkens and Gilchrist
DiBianca, Art - private citizen
Dobbs, Dave - Texas Association for Public Transportation
Duckett, Dorthey - former Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority board member
Edmonson, Nancy - LKC Consulting Services
Forsythe, Rick and Tim Krueger - H.E.B. Regional Office
Hobbs, Dennis - Keep Austin Beautiful
Hoy, Lee - Austin Transportation Study
Jackson, John - Executive Security Systems, Inc.
Johnson, Margaret - International Union of Electronic, Electrical, Salaried, Machine and Furniture Workers
Johnston, Robin - Alliance Benefit Group of Texas, Inc.
Jordan, Ron - Jordan and Whitfield
Killough, Doug - private citizen
Landers, Beverly - Beverly Landers and Associates
Lee, Amy - Research and Oversight Council on Workers' Compensation
LeRoy, William - LeRoy Accountancy Corp.
Levy, Norman and Daniel Stanton - Q-Systems, Inc.
Liversledge, Scott - Matson Builders
Logan, Chris - Securities First
McDaniel, Myra - Bickerstaff, Heath, Smiley, Pollan, Kever & McDaniel
Mendoza, Rick - Martinez, Mendoza, and Colmenero PC
Milloy, Ross - Austin-San Antonio Corridor Council
Owens, Lloyd - Initial Security
Patterson, Bill - KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
Self, Greg - Alliance Benefit Group of Houston, Inc.
Tobleman, Ronald W. - Rudd and Wisdom, Inc.
Ware, Haywood - former Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority board member
Wyatt, Jay - Amalgamated Transit Union
The Comptroller's office would also like to thank all the concerned citizens who participated in the project's public forums or who completed surveys, and those who contacted our office directly for their help in making this report possible.
|Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
| Window on State Government
Contact Us
Privacy and Security Policy


text:
Famous Food Fights
From epic pies in the face to celebrity chefs' wars with words, we've recapped some of the greatest, most famous food fights.
By Kiri Tannenbaum
The Best Burger Challenge: Amstel Light Burger Bash, Miami, FL
Every February, celebrity chefs head down to South Beach Wine & Food Festival in Miami, FL, for the burger battle royale: the annual Amstel Light Burger Bash. What's even better? More than 1,000 tasters get to sample each and every entry if they can cough up the $225 admittance fee and fight the crowds. Inside the (smoke-filled) beachside tents, 28 top competitors square off. Past chefs in the burger ring have included Richard Blaise and Spike Mendelsohn of Top Chef and Food Network's Bobby Flay and Guy Fieri. Once the competition starts, the chefs craft, season, and sizzle more than 7,500 pounds of beef to serve the 48,000 patties. Iron Chef Michael Symon took home the 2011 trophy for his Yo! Burger topped with fried salami, melted provolone, shasha sauce, and pickled onions. And this year Symon proved to be unstoppable. On February 24, 2012 — for the third year in a row — he came out on top and won with his "meat on meat" Porky Burger. It's a patty topped with bacon, pulled pork, and coleslaw.


text:
|03 Dec 2011
Possible Ram issue with Win7 install?
Hey guys,
A little history here first:
I recently upgraded my motherboard, processor, and ram in my computer. I kept my old hard drive but loaded a fresh copy of win7 x64 onto it. The installation went smoothly and I didn't notice any issues until about a week later when I started having windows crash to blue screen. I restarted my computer and it would work okay for maybe 6 to 8 hours then crash again. Only other thing I noticed was Firefox crashing constantly but I thought at the time that it was just a problem with Firefox.
I decided to reload windows completely onto it thinking it a problem with the OS. I tried numerous times to load it but it kept stoping at extracting files and giving me an error message saying files corrupt or missing, (I don't remember the exact message.) I even tried a brand new hard drive and got the same message.
I did a little research online and tried a few things with no luck, until I read about reducing the ram. I thought that it would never work but sure enough it did. I took out one of my two sticks of 4gb ram cards and it loaded smoothly no hiccups at all. It seems to be running smoothly so far and I haven't put the ram stick back in yet until I do some more testing.
I know it's possible that my ram is bad, but is it possible that too much ram could have interfered with the installation of windows? I'm not real computer savvy, I just know enough to get myself in trouble. Any thoughts would be appreciated.
|My System Specs
|03 Dec 2011
Microsoft Windows 8.1 Professional
Or the ram is bad or its incompatible with your motherboard, get memtest and run it for some loops to discart errors.
|My System Specs
|03 Dec 2011
Win7 x 6 PC's
It's a common install issue with Win7, requiring removing all but 2gb of RAM to complete installation.
In your case I would thoroughly test the RAM following Jonathan's steps given here to test both RAM and slots: RAM - Test with Memtest86+
Firefox problems could be related but also are often solved by reinstalling or upgrading Flashplayer upon which it is heavily dependent.
I would then work through these troubleshooting steps to look for repeat errors in logs, fully utilize System Resources, complete hardware testing until you winnow out the problems.
|My System Specs
|03 Dec 2011
ASRock Z68 Extreme3 Gen3 LGA 1155 Intel Z68 HDMI has a uEFI BIOS.
How to install Windows 64 bit on a uEFI BIOS:
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) - Install Windows 7 with
Also check the uEFT BIOS setup, there are a few video's on Asrock website.
|My System Specs
|04 Dec 2011
Okay, I ran Memtest86 and turns out I do have a bad memory card. Thanks for your help.
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
|Similar help and support threads for2: Possible Ram issue with Win7 install?
|Clean Install Activation Issue with Win7 Upgrades
|Installation & Setup
|Win7 <-> Win7 file sharing issue after client reboot
|Network & Sharing
|Deus EX, Win7 64bit install issue
|HDD issue, 30 HOURS to install win7!!
|Hardware & Devices
|Issue when trying to install cod2 on win7
|Intel Wifi Link 5100 Wireless issue with Win7 install
|Network & Sharing
|Issue: Fresh Win7 install; cannot run ANY Programs!
|General Discussion
|Our Sites
|Site Links
|About Us
|Find Us
Windows 7 Forums is an independent web site and has not been authorized, sponsored, or otherwise approved by Microsoft Corporation. "Windows 7" and related materials are trademarks of Microsoft Corp.
© Designer Media Ltd
All times are GMT -5. The time now is 10:01 PM.


text:
|NSFW Content
|User Rankings
|Original Content
|Funny Pictures
|Funny Videos
|Funny GIFs
|YouTube Videos
|RSS Feeds
What do you think? Give us your opinion. Anonymous comments allowed.
#15 - xsap (09/14/2013) [-]
they actually did let him keep the ring after the movie, i think a few others got 1 out of the 12 too
#21 to #20 - regretfulkarma (09/14/2013) [-]
3 were given to the Elves, immortal, wisest and fairest of all beings. 7 to the Dwarf lords, great miners and craftsmen of the mountain halls. And 9, 9 rings were gifted to the race of Men, who above all else, desire power.


text:
Sci-Fi, Fantasy & Horror Reviews
Book Review: The Clockwork Rocket
By Sandy Amazeen Jul 30, 2011, 5:26 GMT
In Yalda\'s universe, light has no universal speed and its creation generates energy. On Yalda\'s world, plants make food by emitting their own light into the dark night sky. As a child, Yalda witnesses one of a series of strange meteors, the Hurtlers, that are entering the planetary system at an immense, unprecedented speed. It becomes apparent that her world is in imminent danger - and the task of dealing ...more
Egan takes the typical sci-fi space epic in a new direction with a universe in which normal laws of physics as we understand them simply dont apply. Light doesnt travel at a constant speed, instead, its velocity is dependant on its wavelength and it generates energy. In a fair approximation of spontantious generation, plants make and subsequently feed on their own light. On a small world in this alternative universe Yalda, the daughter of simple stock has the unusual opportunity of attending school, eventually rising above her humble roots to become a renowned scholar. When a barrage of meteors known as the Hurtlers threatens Yaldas world, an ambitious and audacious plan is set into motion. A spacecraft traveling at incredible speed will embark upon a mission to find a way to save their world from annihilation. For the spacecrafts inhabitants the journey will take lifetimes but because of the laws of physics, only a few years will have passed by the time the descendants of the original crew return. The question is, will it work?
This imaginative, physics heavy read takes more effort to get into then some lighter sci-fis on the market but the story and characters are worth it. The alternate physics are elegantly described and make surprising sense as the laws all remain true to that particular universe. The premise of a world facing destruction by meteor bombardment is not so farfetched as to stretch credibility and Yaldas view allows readers an intimate window into her world. Egan has done an excellent job of expanding on an interesting thought experiment and turning it into a nicely told tale.
Like this article? Please share on Facebook and give Monsters & Critics a "Like" too!
Further Reading on M&C
COMMENTcomments powered by Disqus


text:
NCUA Charters Bridge CUs (Misc News: October 6, 2010)
The National Credit Union Administration today announced the creation of two bridge corporate credit unions to assume operations of U.S. Central Corporate FCU (US Central) and Western Corporate FCU (WesCorp).
These actions, which were originally announced in conjunction with the unveiling of NCUA's Corporate System Resolution Plan on Sept. 24, comprise the next phase in the transition of corporate credit unions currently under NCUA conservatorship.
The newly created institutions will be known as U.S. Central Bridge Corporate FCU and Western Bridge Corporate FCU.
"The creation of bridge corporates is an important interim step toward an orderly transition which will allow consumer credit unions to exercise real choice about the
future of the corporate system," NCUA Chair Debbie Matz said.
NCUA is implementing a "Good Bank/Bad Bank" model to facilitate the corporate resolution process. Bridge corporate credit unions ("good banks") are chartered by the NCUA Board to purchase and assume "good" assets and member share deposits from the conserved corporate credit unions ("bad banks"). Bridge corporate credit unions will be highly liquid and operated to ensure stability and minimize disruption of service to member credit unions.
Other highlights of the plan include:
NCUA said it is committed to operating the bridge corporates in a way that minimizes disruption of services provided to members. However, it will not operate the bridge corporates indefinitely. Bridge leadership will consult with members to develop a viable long-term plan that would enable the delivery of services transferring the bridge corporate's operations to a newly chartered corporate credit union, or selling operations to another entity capable of providing uninterrupted services NCUA said.
The agency anticipates that the process to shut down the bridge corporates could take up to 24 years.


text:
With the launch of the teaser is very monumental cult football game likely will be Garena brought to Vietnam by the end of this year.
FIFA Online 3 the game can Sports online football simulation has been confirmed worldwide reputation for years. The game was developed by EA Sports, the "father" of the popular sports game series such as NBA Live, FIFA Soccer, Tiger Woods PGA Tour ... In my experience, EA Sports has blown a new wind into the FIFA Online , which becomes the new version a lot better, compared to FIFA Online 2 was released 5 years ago.
Upcoming FIFA Online 3 in VietnamFIFA Online 3 , top football game to be released by EA Sports ...
A popular game leading in Vietnam, FIFA Online 3 is discussing hot topics of the gaming community over the past time, especially when the game is Vietnam will gossip about later this year.
This information has been the publisher Garena introduced confirmed by FIFA Online Teaser 3 2 hours ago (10/7). This means, Garena will be FIFA Online 3 distributors in Vietnam, dispel any rumors before.
Trailer FIFA Online 3
Available from the early days, when the concept of e-sports is still very new, spent four years in development, Garena Vietnam currently has a significant contribution in building, forming a platform eSports healthy, strong. The cult game, sporty publisher has been brought to the gaming community, as typical HoN (Heroes of Newerth), and culminating in the development of mutations Legendary Alliance (LMHT ).
Garena is very successful with Legendary Union
Garena is there a way to develop extremely reasonable, and won the right to release FIFA Online 3 in Vietnam is a success that is achieved after release that each attempt.
This is good news for gamers FIFA Vietnamese community. With what LMHT have done, we can entirely trust Garena do the same, or even better with FIFA Online 3. Let's wait and see the latest information of FIFA Online 3.


text:
Here we are in the break between the two shows, during which I grab dinner, wait for the 6:00 reception, and do my blogging duty, especially in light of the recent shout-out we received during the matinee talk-back. (Hello, new readers!) Other items of note from the talk-back: Steve conducted the entire thing with the lemur (which received a longer introduction, perhaps, than the rest of the participants) in his lap, Michael explained how our class's overwhelming and sometimes contradictory statistics and notes on "average Americans' views on climate change" suggested a tango beat, and a gentleman in the audience recalled how he authored a paper on aerospace technology in the late 70s on how technology could predict the Earth's capacity, and what to do to avoid overusing our resources. No one cared to implement his suggestions, he said, and he saw some of the same frustration in some characters in the play.
Audience members seemed curious to learn what happens next. So are we all, I believe. I can only answer for the next four hours: reception, 7:30 show, and then...who knows?


text:
I have learned that Martha (Landrum) Stewart married Simeon Standley(sp) after her marriage to William Y. Stewart.
One story that is being checked is that Mr. Stewart and Mrs. Stewart were perhaps divorced and he remarried as well; however, I do not have a name of the woman but that she supposedly had a couple of children.
If anyone can help us with information you have, we will appreciate it! Thanks in advance.
Follow Ups:
Post a Followup


text:
Antique Firerams Repair and Restoration
For years our primary specialty has been the repair and restoration of antique and obsolete weaponry and David Sr. has authored several books on the subject. We have built a reputation for successfully repairing many arms deemed irreparable by other shops. Our finishing work and restoration work is well-known around the world and the quality we produce takes a back-seat to no one.
Factory Recommended-
Marlin, Colt, Smith & Wesson, Remington, U.S. Repeating Arms (Winchester) and others have all referred their customers with obolete and antique arms to this shop.
Our finishing work sets the highest possible standards. In every instance we set out to achieve the kind of craftsmanship originally produced by the maker of the firearm, whether that be from 1735 or 1935. We offer several types of classical metal finishes: slow-rust blue, nitre blue, straw, charcoal blue, hot caustic blue, case colors, electro-plate and others. We also offer hand-rubbed oil, hand-rubbed-in varnish and amber varnish finishes on wood, complete checkering and re-checkering services. Reproductions of original 19th century grips and custom wood working.
Examples of woods available for custom and reproduction grip work.
Back to the Gunsmithing Home Page
Photo by David R. Chicoine, ©2004


text:
Advanced Search
Why Darden Executive Education
* = required
TEP Admission Policy: Participants represent a broad range of backgrounds — industries, geographic locations, organizational size and professional responsibilities are considered. Although the number of participants from any one organization may be limited, firms are encouraged to send more than one executive. Admission is based on consultation among the three parties concerned: the nominating company, the applicant and a committee of the TEP faculty that evaluates the candidate's application. Notice of confirmed admission to TEP will be sent as soon as the process is complete.
Schedule and Cost: TEP runs from Sunday evening, 2 June, to noon on Friday, 28 June 2013. Registration is from 3:00–5:00 p.m. on Sunday, 2 June. The program will open with a reception on Sunday, followed by dinner at the Abbott Center dining room. There will be no classes the weekend of 14–16 June. There is a half-day of classes on this Friday. A detailed schedule, listing the final class prior to that weekend and also noting when classes resume, will be given to participants upon arrival.
The cost of TEP 2013 is $43,000. This includes tuition, study materials, lodging, most meals and certificate of participation. The Guest Program participant's meals and the sharing of the TEP participant's Inn at Darden accommodations are also included in this fee.
Application Procedures: A candidate's suitability should be discussed with Nancy Stahon prior to internal company discussions and participants application.
TEP Cancellation and Transfer Policy: Cancellations after 12 April 2013, are subject to a $21,500 fee. Cancellations after 10 May 2013, are assessed the entire program fee. If necessary, the sponsoring company may, by agreement with the Director of Executive Education, substitute a replacement prior to 3 May 4 2013.
All transfers will incur a $6,450 transfer fee. One transfer per accepted applicant to the next subsequent offering is allowed. Transfer requests received less than 30 days before the start date will incur a $10,750 fee. A transfer request followed by a subsequent cancellation will be subject to the applicable cancellation fees noted above.
Send all cancellation/transfer in writing. Submit your request via email to Nancy Stahon, Director of Finance (email@example.com), call +1.434-982-2005, or mail to:
Nancy StahonDirector of Finance, Executive EducationDarden School of BusinessUniversity of VirginiaP.O. Box 7186Charlottesville, VA 22906-7186
Administrative Staff
Erin McCabeOperations Coordinator+1 434.982.3020
top of page
University of Virginia Darden School of Business
100 Darden Boulevard
Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
Copyright © 2014 The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Review | Sleeping Dogs: Year of the Snake DLC
United Front Games bids farewell to the hit that brought them to the console big leagues, Sleeping Dogs, with Year of the Snake, a DLC pack that's a bit hit, and a bit miss. Year of the Snake is a bit of oddity. The two previous mission packs – Nightmare in Northpoint and The Zodiac […]
United Front Games bids farewell to the hit that brought them to the console big leagues, Sleeping Dogs, with Year of the Snake, a DLC pack that's a bit hit, and a bit miss.
Year of the Snake is a bit of oddity. The two previous mission packs – Nightmare in Northpoint and The Zodiac Tournament – were tongue-in-cheek tributes to staples of Asian cinema, but YOTS is the first to discard a funny theme and instead focus on Wei Shen's journey after the main campaign. It serves as something of an epilogue, but fails to do anything more than show ol' Shenny doing cop-related stuff.
So as the an Armageddon-obsessed cult ignites Hong Kong in a wave of attacks on the eve of the Chinese New Year, Shen is thrown back into officer duty in attempt to bring those death-loving wrong 'uns to justice. It starts off really well, with our anti-hero demoted to patrol duty – soon throwing baddies into buzz saws makes way for the fun parking tickets and the like. It's a cute little curve ball for such an emotionally driven character, but as the missions open up, any sense of story is soon forgotten.
The gameplay is by far the most action-packed of any Sleeping Dogs DLC pack so far, and serves as a whistle-stop tour of the games many high (and low) lights. You'll be gunning down cars in slow-mo glory, beating up copious numbers of hoodlums and yes, you can defuse bombs with those four-digit mini-games. The missions where you need to race through the city to the nearest waters edge to sink of bomb-rigged car are a particular highlight and do something a little different with the world at hand.
Enter the Copper
To mix things up a little, United Front Games have introduced a few new gameplay mechanics. As you're a proper boy in blue now, you can now Taser criminals during a grapple to take them out of a fight for a few moments – giving you some precious seconds to deal with the rest. You can also arrest a thug if their health is low enough or fling them into a nearby pig wagon. And with a meaty baton to hand and the ever-reliable police 4×4 (now in black trim, don't you know), you suddenly feel like a proper copper on the beat.
YOTS offers a good three+ hours of content (and you'll never good bored of any of the many activities on offer) but as a fond fare well, it feels more like an abrupt anti-climax. And, as with many of the previous DLC packs for this game, United Front Games has struggled to properly integrate this additional content into the main experience. Like Nightmare in Northpoint, YOTS is set in separate game state to the main story (with extra content for your main game save unlocked as you progress). As such, none of your combat upgrades or Face Metre oomph are present, so the whole thing feels a little muted at times.
The IR Verdict
That's not to say that Year of the Snake doesn't rock, because it really does. If you enjoyed the main game, you'll finally be able to continue your experience with some additional content that's both substantial and genuinely progressive within the constraints of the game world. And, as an added bonus, since you're a cop, you can run around and run people over and beat the living hell out of them to your heart's content. Police brutality, indeed.
It all ends a little abruptly and shows the story was kind of forgotten in production, but the star of the show is the addictive gameplay and any chance to return to United Front Games' charming depiction of an Asian metropolis is one worth taking.
The Year of the Snake DLC for Sleeping Dogs will set you back a measly 560 MS points or £4.49 on PlayStation 3. Need more convincing? Check out our review for the main game right here.


text:
RMDS has a new website! You will be redirected in a few seconds.
To inspire every deaf student to think, to learn, to achieve, to care.
Rocky Mountain Deaf School is founded on the belief that deaf children can and should succeed. The driving force behind the school is a theme of excellence in research-based academic programs. In this intellectually stimulating environment, communication is totally accessible throughout the day from every person in the child's environment. Each student's potential is maximized as teachers continue to instill in each child the joy of living and learning.
Please note, our video blog is not closed captioned, but a transcript appears below the video for those
not fluent in American Sign Language. To access the transcript, click the YouTube logo on the
bottom right hand side of the video. This will open the video in a new screen, and the transcript
appears in the "about" section below the video.


text:
Now available from Alpha Simulations is their flightsim version of the WWII era Supermarine Spitfire single engine fighter. The package includes two distinct variants both in several paint schemes. For full details, click on Read More.
Our Spitfire model has been extensively updated and now features 2 distinct variants, the Mk.VIII and the Mk.IX, both come with a typical grey/green camo texture set as well as a more unusual desert camo scheme. Also included is a detailed virtual cockpit with several animations, a Merlin soundset and finely-tuned, sim-specific flight models. Dynamic shine is of course standard and the grey/green camo textures in particular are extremely highly detailed, with virtually every rivet depicted. The package is free to existing owners of our previous Spitfire LFMk.IX.


text:
Many law firms today create in-house general counsel positions to advise the firm on various ethical, regulatory and risk-management issues, including malpractice claims. These individuals do not actively represent the firm's...more
- Attorney-Client Privilege Corporate Counsel Discovery Legal Ethics Upjohn Warnings
Originally published in Bar Briefs by the Louisville Bar Association on January 2, 2013.
Are you a civic-minded entrepreneur looking to turn a profit and make a social difference at the same time? Are you a consumer who...more
- Benefit Corporations Board of Directors Corporate Social Responsibility Fiduciary Duty Revlon Standard
Attorney-Client Privilege
Benefit Corporations
Board of Directors
Corporate Counsel
Corporate Social Responsibility
Fiduciary Duty
Legal Ethics
Revlon Standard
Upjohn Warnings
Back to Top
Copyright ©


text:
Visit us
Here you can find useful information for visitors to Llancaiach Fawr including travel directions, opening hours and an access guide.
For further information or to make a booking please e-mail Llancaiach Fawr
Contact Details
Llancaiach Fawr Manor
(01443) 412248
Admission Charges
Adult: £7.50
Children under 5 free
Group Discount rates (20+ people)
Adult: £6 per person
PLEASE NOTE: Admission to the Visitor Centre shop, café/ restaurant, exhibition and gardens is free but for some Special Events in the Barn, Education Centre, Courtyard or on the Meadow a small fee may be payable to cover materials or extra activities.
School rates
Tour of the Manor and use of Visitor Centre services costs £5.50 per child/student. Workshops can be arranged for an extra £2 per head. Day Packages cost £10 per head. (see Education & Learning Schools and Vocational/Adult for more information.)
Opening Times
Tuesday to Sunday 10am - 5pm from January to Christmas.
CLOSED MONDAYS (except Bank Holidays).
Last admission to the house is 1 hour before closing. Please allow at least 1½ hours to see the house and additional time to view the gardens and exhibition.
Closed from 24th December 2011 to 2nd January 2012 inclusive. Re-open 3rd January 2012.
Photography & Recording Equipment
Please note that NO PHOTOGRAPHY or recording equipment of any kind is permitted inside the Manor House. Photographs may be taken in the gardens and Visitor Centre.
Visitor facilities
Car and coach parking is free of charge.
We regret that dogs and pets are not allowed in the Manor or formal gardens. Guide dogs excepted.
Public transport
Bus travel - there are 2 routes serving Llancaiach Fawr and both stop at the bus shelters outside the main entrance.
Route X38 (Pontypridd - Nelson - Llancaiach - Bargoed)
Operated by Glamorgan Bus.
Route C16 (Caerphilly - Ystrad Mynach - Llancaiach - Nelson)
For more information please contact Traveline Cymru or phone 0871 2002233.
Rail Enquiries
National Rail Enquiries Line - 08457 484950
Quick Links


text:
We had another California couple choose Mightyvites for their wedding invitations this summer. Anke and Larry of Los Angeles went with the ever popular ginkgo invitation design. I guess they liked what they saw in the gallery because they stuck with the same colors that we have on display there, champagne and citrine. The invitations were digitally printed on pearl paper and, as usual, came out looking fabulous.
I'm especially fond of the RSVP website that accompanies all ginkgo Mightyvites. The background pattern we use looks great on screen. Speaking of RSVP websites, Larry & Anke included a custom domain with their invitation order. With a custom domain guests reply to their invitation at a web address of their host's choosing, plus all Mightyvites branding is removed from the RSVP website. In this case Anke & Larry went with ankeandlarry.com. Custom domains are a nice touch we offer customers so they can give their guests a truly personalized and unique invitation experience.
Lovely invites for a lovely couple. A long overdue congrats to Anke & Larry!
Are you looking for ginkgo electronic wedding invitations? Check out our hybrid invitations! They're both printed and online.
Incoming search terms:
- german wedding invitations
- debut invitation card contents
- wedding invitation background
- inauguration invite wordings
- hawaiian invitation
- wedding invitation rsvp website
- wedding invitation with rsvp to website
- wedding pictures background patterns
- invitation card for inauguration in wordings
- invitation debut designs