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Coal gasification is the process of producing syngas–a mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4) carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O)–from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. Historically, coal was gasified using early technology to produce coal gas (also known as "town gas"), which is a combustible gas traditionally used for municipal lighting and heating before the advent of industrial-scale production of natural gas. In current practice, large-scale instances of coal gasification are primarily for electricity generation, such as in integrated gasification combined cycle power plants, for production of chemical feedstocks, or for production of synthetic natural gas. The hydrogen obtained from coal gasification can be used for various purposes such as making ammonia, powering a hydrogen economy, or upgrading fossil fuels. Alternatively, coal-derived syngas can be converted into transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel through additional treatment via the Fischer-Tropsch process or into methanol which itself can be used as transportation fuel or fuel additive, or which can be converted into gasoline by the methanol to gasoline process. Methane or natural gas extracted from coal gasification can be converted in to LNG for direct use as fuel in transport sector. LNG would fetch good price equivalent to gasoline or diesel as it can replace these fuels in transport sector.[1]
In the past, coal was converted to make coal gas, which was piped to customers to burn for illumination, heating, and cooking. High prices of oil and natural gas are leading to increased interest in "BTU Conversion" technologies such as gasification, methanation and liquefaction. The Synthetic Fuels Corporation was a U.S. government-funded corporation established in 1980 to create a market for alternatives to imported fossil fuels (such as coal gasification). The corporation was discontinued in 1985.
The Flemish scientist Jan Baptista van Helmont (1577–1644) discovered that a "wild spirit" escaped from heated wood and coal, and, thinking that it "differed little from the chaos of the ancients", he named it "gas" in his Origins of Medicine (c. 1609). Among several others who carried out similar experiments, were Johann Becker of Munich (c 1681) and about three years later John Clayton of Wigan, England, the latter amusing his friends by lighting, what he called, "Spirit of the Coal". William Murdoch (later known as Murdock) (1754–1839) (partner of James Watt) is reputed to have heated coal in his mother's teapot to produce gas. From this beginning, he discovered new ways of making, purifying and storing gas; illuminating his house at Redruth (or his cottage at Soho) in 1792, the entrance to the Manchester Police Commissioners premises in 1797, the exterior of the factory of Boulton and Watt in Birmingham, England, and a large cotton mill in Salford, Lancashire in 1805.
Professor Jan Pieter Minckeleers lit his lecture room at the University of Louvain in 1783 and Lord Dundonald lit his house at Culross, Scotland, in 1787, the gas being carried in sealed vessels from the local tar works. In France, Philippe le Bon patented a gas fire in 1799 and demonstrated street lighting in 1801. Other demonstrations followed in France and in the United States, but, it is generally recognized that the first commercial gas works was built by the London and Westminster Gas Light and Coke Company in Great Peter Street in 1812 laying wooden pipes to illuminate Westminster Bridge with gas lights on New Year's Eve in 1813. In 1816, Rembrandt Peale and four others established the Gas Light Company of Baltimore, the first manufactured gas company in America. In 1821, natural gas was being used commercially in Fredonia, New York. The first German gas works was built in Hannover in 1825 and by 1870 there were 340 gas works in Germany making town gas from coal, wood, peat and other materials.
Working conditions in the Gas Light and Coke Company's Horseferry Road Works, London, in the 1830s were described by a French visitor, Flora Tristan, in her Promenades Dans Londres:
Two rows of furnaces on each side were fired up; the effect was not unlike the description of Vulcan's forge, except that the Cyclops were animated with a divine spark, whereas the dusky servants of the English furnaces were joyless, silent and benumbed. ... The foreman told me that stokers were selected from among the strongest, but that nevertheless they all became consumptive after seven or eight years of toil and died of pulmonary consumption. That explained the sadness and apathy in the faces and every movement of the hapless men.[2]
The first public piped gas supply was to 13 gas lamps, each with three glass globes along the length of Pall Mall, London in 1807. The credit for this goes to the inventor and entrepreneur Fredrick Winsor and the plumber Thomas Sugg, who made and laid the pipes. Digging up streets to lay pipes required legislation and this delayed the development of street lighting and gas for domestic use. Meanwhile William Murdoch and his pupil Samuel Clegg were installing gas lighting in factories and work places, encountering no such impediments.
In the 1850s every small to medium sized town and city had a gas plant to provide for street lighting. Subscribing customers could also have piped lines to their houses. By this era, gas lighting became accepted. Gaslight trickled down to the middle class and later came gas cookers and stoves.
The 1860s were the golden age of coal gas development. Scientists like Kekulé and Perkin cracked the secrets of organic chemistry to reveal how gas is made and its composition. From this came better gas plants and Perkin's purple dyes, such as Mauveine. In the 1850s, processes for making Producer gas and Water gas from coke were developed. Unenriched water gas may be described as Blue water gas (BWG).
Mond gas, developed in the 1850s by Ludwig Mond, was producer gas made from coal instead of coke. It contained ammonia and coal tar and was processed to recover these valuable compounds.
Blue water gas (BWG) burns with a non-luminous flame which makes it unsuitable for lighting purposes. Carburetted Water Gas (CWG), developed in the 1860s, is BWG enriched with gases obtained by spraying oil into a hot retort. It has a higher calorific value and burns with a luminous flame.
The carburetted water gas process was improved by Thaddeus S. C. Lowe in 1875. The gas oil was fixed into the BWG via thermocracking in the carburettor and superheater of the CWG generating set. CWG was the dominant technology in the USA from the 1880s until the 1950s, replacing coal gasification. CWG has a CV of 20 MJ/m³ i.e. slightly more than half that of natural gas.
The advent of incandescent gas lighting in factories, homes and in the streets, replacing oil lamps and candles with steady clear light, almost matching daylight in its colour, turned night into day for many—making night shift work possible in industries where light was all important—in spinning, weaving and making up garments etc. The social significance of this change is difficult for generations brought up with lighting after dark available at the touch of a switch to appreciate. Not only was industrial production accelerated, but streets were made safe, social intercourse facilitated and reading and writing made more widespread. Gas works were built in almost every town, main streets were brightly illuminated and gas was piped in the streets to the majority of urban households. The invention of the gas meter and the pre-payment meter in the late 1880s played an important role in selling town gas to domestic and commercial customers.
The education and training of the large workforce, the attempts to standardise manufacturing and commercial practices and the moderating of commercial rivalry between supply companies prompted the founding of associations of gas managers, first in Scotland in 1861. A British Association of Gas Managers was formed in 1863 in Manchester and this, after a turbulent history, became the foundation of the Institute of Gas Engineers (IGE). In 1903, the reconstructed Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) initiated courses for students of gas manufacture in the City and Guilds of London Institute. The IGE was granted the Royal Charter in 1929. Universities were slow to respond to the needs of the industry and it was not until 1908 that the first Professorship of Coal Gas and Fuel Industries was founded at the University of Leeds. In 1926, the Gas Light and Coke Company opened Watson House adjacent to Nine Elms Gas Works.[3] At first, this was a scientific laboratory. Later it included a centre for training apprentices but its major contribution to the industry was its gas appliance testing facilities, which were made available to the whole industry, including gas appliance manufacturers.[3] Using this facility, the industry established not only safety but also performance standards for both the manufacture of gas appliances and their servicing in customers' homes and commercial premises.
During World War I, the gas industry's by-products, phenol, toluene and ammonia and sulphurous compounds were valuable ingredients for explosives. Much coal for the gas works was shipped by sea and was vulnerable to enemy attack. The gas industry was a large employer of clerks, mainly male before the war. But the advent of the typewriter and the female typist made another important social change that was, unlike the employment of women in war-time industry, to have long-lasting effects.
The inter-war years were marked by the development of the continuous vertical retort which replaced many of the batch fed horizontal retorts. There were improvements in storage, especially the waterless gas holder, and distribution with the advent of 2–4 inch steel pipes to convey gas at up to 50 psi (340 kPa) as feeder mains to the traditional cast iron pipes working at an average of 2–3 inches water gauge (500–750 Pa). Benzole as a vehicle fuel and coal tar as the main feedstock for the emerging organic chemical industry provided the gas industry with substantial revenues. Petroleum supplanted coal tar as the primary feedstock of the organic chemical industry after World War II and the loss of this market contributed to the economic problems of the gas industry after the war.
A wide variety of appliances and uses for gas developed over the years. Gas fires, gas cookers, refrigerators, washing machines, hand irons, pokers for fire lighting, gas-heated baths, remotely controlled clusters of gas lights, gas engines of various types and, in later years, gas warm air and hot water central heating and air conditioning, all of which made immense contributions to the improvement of the quality of life in cities and towns world wide. The evolution of electric lighting made available from public supply extinguished the gas light, except where colour matching was practised as in haberdashery shops.
During gasification, the coal is blown through with oxygen and steam (water vapor) while also being heated (and in some cases pressurized). If the coal is heated by external heat sources the process is called "allothermal", while "autothermal" process assumes heating of the coal via exothermal chemical reactions occurring inside the gasifier itself. It is essential that the oxidizer supplied is insufficient for complete oxidizing (combustion) of the fuel. During the reactions mentioned, oxygen and water molecules oxidize the coal and produce a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), water vapour (H2O), and molecular hydrogen (H2). (Some by-products like tar, phenols, etc. are also possible end products, depending on the specific gasification technology utilized.) This process has been conducted in-situ within natural coal seams (referred to as underground coal gasification) and in coal refineries. The desired end product is usually syngas (i.e., a combination of H2 + CO), but the produced coal gas may also be further refined to produce additional quantities of H2:
If the refiner wants to produce alkanes (i.e., hydrocarbons present in natural gas, gasoline, and diesel fuel), the coal gas is collected at this state and routed to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor. If, however, hydrogen is the desired end-product, the coal gas (primarily the CO product) undergoes the water gas shift reaction where more hydrogen is produced by additional reaction with water vapor:
Although other technologies for coal gasification currently exist, all employ, in general, the same chemical processes. For low-grade coals (i.e., "brown coals") which contain significant amounts of water, there are technologies in which no steam is required during the reaction, with coal (carbon) and oxygen being the only reactants. As well, some coal gasification technologies do not require high pressures. Some utilize pulverized coal as fuel while others work with relatively large fractions of coal. Gasification technologies also vary in the way the blowing is supplied.
"Direct blowing" assumes the coal and the oxidizer being supplied towards each other from the opposite sides of the reactor channel. In this case the oxidizer passes through coke and (more likely) ashes to the reaction zone where it interacts with coal. The hot gas produced then passes fresh fuel and heats it while absorbing some products of thermal destruction of the fuel, such as tars and phenols. Thus, the gas requires significant refining before being used in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. Products of the refinement are highly toxic and require special facilities for their utilization. As a result, the plant utilizing the described technologies has to be very large to be economically efficient. One of such plants called SASOL is situated in the Republic of South Africa (RSA). It was built due to embargo applied to the country preventing it from importing oil and natural gas. RSA is rich in Bituminous coal and Anthracite and was able to arrange the use of the well known high pressure "Lurgi" gasification process developed in Germany in the first half of 20-th century.
"Reversed blowing" (as compared to the previous type described which was invented first) assumes the coal and the oxidizer being supplied from the same side of the reactor. In this case there is no chemical interaction between coal and oxidizer before the reaction zone. The gas produced in the reaction zone passes solid products of gasification (coke and ashes), and CO2 and H2O contained in the gas are additionally chemically restored to CO and H2. As compared to the "direct blowing" technology, no toxic by-products are present in the gas: those are disabled in the reaction zone. This type of gasification has been developed in the first half of 20-th century, along with the "direct blowing", but the rate of gas production in it is significantly lower than that in "direct blowing" and there were no further efforts of developing the "reversed blowing" processes until 1980-s when a Soviet research facility KATEKNIIUgol' (R&D Institute for developing Kansk-Achinsk coal field) began R&D activities to produce the technology now known as "TERMOKOKS-S"[1] process. The reason for reviving the interest to this type of gasification process is that it is ecologically clean and able to produce two types of useful products (simultaneously or separately): gas (either combustible or syngas) and middle-temperature coke. The former may be used as a fuel for gas boilers and diesel-generators or as syngas for producing gasoline, etc., the latter - as a technological fuel in metallurgy, as a chemical absorbent or as raw material for household fuel briquettes. Combustion of the product gas in gas boilers is ecologically cleaner than combustion of initial coal. Thus, a plant utilizing gasification technology with the "reversed blowing" is able to produce two valuable products of which one has relatively zero production cost since the latter is covered by competitive market price of the other. As the Soviet Union and its KATEKNIIUgol' ceased to exist, the technology was adopted by the individual scientists who originally developed it and is now being further researched in Russia and commercially distributed worldwide. Industrial plants utilizing it are now known to function in Ulaan-Baatar (Mongolia) and Krasnoyarsk (Russia).
Pressurized airflow bed gasification technology created through the joint development between Wison Group and Shell (Hybrid). For example: Hybrid is an advanced pulverized coal gasification technology, this technology combined with the existing advantages of Shell SCGP waste heat boiler, includes more than just a conveying system, pulverized coal pressurized gasification burner arrangement, lateral jet burner membrane type water wall, and the intermittent discharge has been fully validated in the existing SCGP plant such as mature and reliable technology, at the same time, it removed the existing process complications and in the syngas cooler (waste pan) and [fly ash] filters which easily failed, and combined the current existing gasification technology that is widely used in synthetic gas quench process. It not only retains the original Shell SCGP waste heat boiler of coal characteristics of strong adaptability, and ability to scale up easily, but also absorb the advantages of the existing quench technology.
Underground coal gasification is an industrial gasification process, which is carried out in non-mined coal seams using injection of a gaseous oxidizing agent, usually oxygen or air, and bringing the resulting product gas to surface through production wells drilled from the surface. The product gas could to be used as a chemical feedstock or as fuel for power generation. The technique can be applied to resources that are otherwise not economical to extract and also offers an alternative to conventional coal mining methods for some resources. Compared to traditional coal mining and gasification, UCG has less environmental and social impact, though some concerns including potential for aquifer contamination are known.
Carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (or storage) is increasingly being utilized in modern coal gasification projects to address the greenhouse gas emissions concern associated with the use of coal and carbonaceous fuels. In this respect, gasification has a significant advantage over conventional coal combustion, in which CO2 resulting from combustion is considerably diluted by nitrogen and residual oxygen in the near-ambient pressure combustion exhaust, making it relatively difficult, energy-intensive, and expensive to capture the CO2 (this is known as "post-combustion" CO2 capture).
In gasification, on the other hand, oxygen is normally supplied to the gasifiers and just enough fuel is combusted to provide the heat to gasify the rest; moreover, gasification is often performed at elevated pressure. The resulting syngas is typically at higher pressure and not diluted by nitrogen, allowing for much easier, efficient, and less costly removal of CO2. Gasification and integrated gasification combined cycle's unique ability to easily remove CO2 from the syngas prior to its combustion in a gas turbine (called "pre-combustion" CO2 capture) or its use in fuels or chemicals synthesis is one of its significant advantages over conventional coal utilization systems.
All coal gasification-based conversion processes require removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S; an acid gas) from the syngas as part of the overall plant configuration. Typical acid gas removal (AGR) processes employed for gasification design are either a chemical solvent system (e.g., amine gas treating systems based on MDEA, for example) or a physical solvent system (e.g., Rectisol or Selexol). Process selection is mostly dependent on the syngas cleanup requirement and costs. Conventional chemical/physical AGR processes using MDEA, Rectisol or Selexol are commercially proven technologies and can be designed for selective removal of CO2 in addition to H2S from a syngas stream. For significant capture of CO2 from a gasification plant (e.g., > 80%) the CO in the syngas must first be converted to CO2 and hydrogen (H2) via a water-gas-shift (WGS) step upstream of the AGR plant.
For gasification applications, or IGCC, the plant modifications required to add the ability to capture CO2 are minimal. The syngas produced by the gasifiers needs to be treated through various processes for the removal of impurities already in the gas stream, so all that is required to remove CO2 is to add the necessary equipment, an absorber and regenerator, to this process train. In combustion applications, modifications must be done to the exhaust stack and because of the lower concentrations of CO2 present in the exhaust, much larger volumes of total gas require processing, necessitating larger and more expensive equipment.
By far the most extensive use of CO2 in the United States is for enhanced oil recovery. The Global CCS Institute has reported on recent market demand for CO2, noting that the global demand was estimated at 80Mtpa, of which 50Mtpa is utilized for Enhanced Oil Recovery, almost exclusively in North America.[4] Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2 EOR) is a technique used to recover oil, typically from mature fields that have ceased being productive through traditional primary and secondary recovery methods. CO2 EOR is an established technique in the United States, and is the only oil recovery technique that has shown any growth since the 1980s. In fact, CO2 EOR now accounts for 6% of the Nation's oil production.[5] It can extend the productive life of an existing oilfield by several decades, and it can lead to recovery of millions of barrels of additional oil. A well-known example of CO2 EOR is the use of the Great Plains Synfuels Plant's captured CO2 for EOR at Canada's Weyburn oil fields (see the Weyburn-Midale Carbon Dioxide Project).
CO2 EOR is not only cost effective, but environmentally advantageous because of its effectiveness and its ability to sequester gasification-created CO2 emissions. Following CO2 EOR operations, the CO2 can remain underground in the reservoir, and is thereby prevented from entering the atmosphere.
Until recently, most CO2 EOR has depended on naturally-occurring underground deposits as the source of the CO2. In recent years, however, industry has begun to utilize CO2 that has been captured as a by-product of fossil fuel gasification or other industrial processes. Because a ton of CO2 costs up to $30 delivered, and each ton can yield 2-3 barrels of oil, there is a strong economic incentive to re-use industrially-sourced CO2 from gasification plants and gas processing facilities.
Several new IGCC-based projects in the United States will be expanding the scope of CO2 capture and use/storage:
Kemper County Energy Facility - Mississippi Power's Kemper Project is in late stages of construction. It will be a lignite-fuel IGCC plant, generating a net 524 MW of power from syngas, while capturing over 65% of CO2 generated using the Selexol process. The CO2 will be sent by pipeline to depleted oil fields in Mississippi for enhanced oil recovery operations.
Hydrogen Energy California (HECA) Project - Hydrogen Energy California (HECA) will be a 300MW net, coal and petroleum coke-fueled IGCC polygeneration plant (producing hydrogen for both power generation and fertilizer manufacture). Ninety percent of the CO2 produced will be captured (using Rectisol) and transported to Elk Hills Oil Field for EOR, enabling recovery of 5 million additional barrels of domestic oil per year.
Summit Texas Clean Energy, LLC: Texas Clean Energy Project - Summit's Texas Clean Energy Project (TCEP) will be a coal-fueled, IGCC-based 400MW power/polygeneration project (also producing urea fertilizer), which will capture 90% of its CO2 in pre-combustion capture using the Rectisol process. The CO2 not used in fertilizer manufacture will be used for enhanced oil recovery in the West Texas Permian Basin.
Plants such as the Texas Clean Energy Project which employ carbon capture and storage have been touted as a partial, or interim, solution to climate change issues if they can be made economically viable by improved design and mass production. There was opposition by utility regulators and ratepayers due to increased cost and by some environmentalists such as Bill McKibben who view any continued use of fossil fuels as counterproductive.[6]
|This section does not cite any references or sources. (April 2008)
The by-products of coal gas manufacture included coke, coal tar, sulfur and ammonia; all useful products. Dyes, medicines, including sulfa drugs, saccharin and many organic compounds are therefore derived from coal gas.
Coke is used as a smokeless fuel and for the manufacture of water gas and producer gas. Coal tar is subjected to fractional distillation to recover various products, including
Sulfur is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid and ammonia is used in the manufacture of fertilisers.
From its original development until the wide-scale adoption of natural gas, more than 50,000 manufactured gas plants were in existence in the United States alone. The process of manufacturing gas usually produced a number of by-products that contaminated the soil and groundwater in and around the manufacturing plant, so many former town gas plants are a serious environmental concern, and cleanup and remediation costs are often high. Manufactured gas plants (MGPs) were typically sited near or adjacent to waterways that were used to transport in coal and for the discharge of wastewater contaminated with tar, ammonia and/or drip oils, as well as outright waste tars and tar-water emulsions.
In the earliest days of MGP operations, coal tar was considered a waste and often disposed into the environment in and around the plant locations. While uses for coal tar developed by the late-19th century, the market for tar varied and plants that could not sell tar at a given time could store tar for future use, attempt to burn it as fuel for the boilers, or dump the tar as waste. Commonly, waste tars were disposed of in old gas holders, adits or even mine shafts (if present). Over time, the waste tars degrade with phenols, benzene (and other mono-aromatics – BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons released as pollutant plumes that can escape into the surrounding environment. Other wastes included "blue billy",[7] which is a ferroferricyanide compound—the blue colour is from Prussian blue, which was commercially used as a dye. Blue billy is typically a granular material and was sometimes sold locally with the strap line "guaranteed weed free drives". The presence of blue billy can give gas works waste a characteristic musty/bitter almonds or marzipan smell which is associated with cyanide gas.
The shift to the CWG process initially resulted in a reduced output of water gas tar as compared to the volume of coal tars. The advent of automobiles reduced the availability of naphtha for carburetion oil, as that fraction was desirable as motor fuel. MGPs that shifted to heavier grades of oil often experienced problems with the production of tar-water emulsions, which were difficult, time consuming, and costly to break. (The cause of tar- lawda hota h change water emulsions is complex and was related to several factors, including free carbon in the carburetion oil and the substitution of bituminous coal as a feedstock instead of coke.) The production of large volumes of tar-water emulsions quickly filled up available storage capacity at MGPs and plant management often dumped the emulsions in pits, from which they may or may not have been later reclaimed. Even if the emulsions were reclaimed, the environmental damage from placing tars in unlined pits remained. The dumping of emulsions (and other tarry residues such as tar sludges, tank bottoms, and off-spec tars) into the soil and waters around MGPs is a significant factor in the pollution found at FMGPs today.
Commonly associated with former manufactured gas plants (known as "FMGPs" in environmental remediation) are contaminants including:
Coal tar and coal tar sludges are frequently denser than water and are present in the environment as a dense non-aqueous phase liquid.
In the UK, former gasworks have commonly been developed over for residential and other uses (including the Millennium Dome), being seen as prime developable land in the confines of city boundaries. Situations such as these are now lead to problems associated with planning and the Contaminated Land Regime and have recently been debated in the House of Commons.
Modern coal gasification processes require various controls and pollution prevention measures to mitigate pollutant emissions.[8][9] Pollutants or emissions of concern in the context of coal gasification include primarily:
The accompanying figure illustrates the relative CO2 emissions associated with various cases of power generation, based on integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC), conventional pulverized coal combustion (PC), and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC). With or without CCS, the better performance of coal gasification based scenarios than conventional coal-based power generation is apparent.
The second figure shows a similar comparison for other pollutants. Again, coal gasification-based power generation has notably improved emissions characteristics over conventional pulverized coal combustion based power generation. IGCC project examples below show more precisely the characteristically low emissions of air pollutants from coal gasification-based power production. That said, natural gas combined cycle generation has superior emissions performance especially in terms of sulfur and particulate emissions.
Non-slagging gasifiers produce dry ash similar to that produced by conventional coal combustion, which can be an environmental liability if the ash (typically containing heavy metals) is leachable or caustic, and if the ash must be stored in ash ponds. Slagging gasifiers, which are utilized at many of the major coal gasification applications worldwide, have considerable advantage in that ash components are fused into a glassy slag, capturing trace heavy metals in the non-leachable glassy matrix, rendering the material non-toxic. This non-hazardous slag has multiple beneficial uses such as aggregate in concrete, aggregate in asphalt for road construction, grit in abrasive blasting, roofing granules, etc.[10]
|It has been suggested that this article be merged with Synthetic fuel#Commercialization. (Discuss) Proposed since July 2013.
|It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article. (Discuss) Proposed since July 2013.
Bituminous coal gasification to produce electricity
The Wabash River Coal Gasification Repowering Project was a demonstration of advanced integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology, a joint venture between the Wabash River Coal Gasification Project Joint Venture and the U.S. Department of Energy.[12] The term "repowering" refers to the IGCC plant's replacing a dated conventional pulverized coal power plant. Construction began in July 1993 near West Terre Haute, Indiana, followed by operational startup in November 1995. The project demonstration phase was completed and turned over for commercial operation in December 1999.
The gasification technology utilized at Wabash River IGCC was developed originally by Dow Chemical, and was subsequently transferred to Destec, a partially held subsidiary of Dow Chemical. The technology was later acquired by ConocoPhillips. CB&I currently licenses this process technology under the name E-GAS™.[13]
The Wabash River IGCC Power Plant is designed to use a variety of local coals, including high-sulfur Midwestern bituminous coals such as Illinois No. 6. In addition, petroleum coke and blends of coal and coke are consumed, in the range of about 2,500 TPD to generate about 262 MWe net output of electricity.[14]
Plant design was conducted with the goal of outperforming the Clean Air Act (CAA) emission standards, which limit sulfur dioxide (SO2) at 1.2 lb/million Btu of fuel input and NOx at 0.15 lb/million Btu. Demonstrated emissions are far better than these targets. Despite power generation at the Wabash River complex being almost three times that of the original unit, the total emissions are a fraction of the pre-powering values as a result of the IGCC system. Particulate emissions are negligible.
Bituminous coal gasification to produce electricity
Construction began on this IGCC unit at Tampa Electric Company's Polk Power Station (Polk County, Florida) in October 1994, followed by operational startup in September 1996. The project ran for four years as a demonstration, and continues to operate as a power production facility for Tampa Electric. The plant uses GE Energy's (formerly owned by Texaco), entrained-flow, oxygen-blown gasifier[16] to produce syngas from coal or petroleum coke which feeds a combined-cycle turbine system to produce electricity. The IGCC unit consumes 2,200 TPD of bituminous coal, producing 260 MW of electricity.
The following table[17] quantifies the emissions from the Polk Power Station, with comparison to emissions associated with conventional technologies for electricity generation from coal. Typical of electricity generation based on coal gasification with combined cycle generation, emissions of pollutants are far lower than those of conventional technologies. For example, notwithstanding the IGCC unit is fueled by high-sulfur coal and/or petroleum coke, sulfur emissions are very low as a benefit of the MDEA amine gas treating system that removes H2S from the syngas fueling the combustion turbine.[18]
|Pollutant (lbs/MWhour)
|Pulverized coal-based
|Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustor-based
|Polk (Permit)
|Polk (Steady-state)
Bituminous coal gasification to produce electricity
Duke Energy began construction on an IGCC plant in Edwardsport, Indiana in 2008, which began commercial operations in June 2013. The IGCC-based unit at Edwardsport will consume 1.7-1.9 million tons of coal per year to generate 618 MW of base-load electricity. It uses GE gasification technology, GE 7FB combustion turbines, and a GE steam turbine. The IGCC plant replaces a now demolished 160 MW coal-fired power plant at the site, and while it can produce nearly four times the power of the unit it replaced, it has far lower emissions of SO2, NOx, and particulates. There is potential for carbon capture and geologic sequestration in the context of the Edwardsport IGCC project, with space reserved at the site for CO2 capture equipment. Also, Duke initiated a front-end engineering and design study for carbon capture and filed a $121 million request with Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission for detailed characterization of deep saline aquifers, depleted oil or gas fields, and enhanced oil recovery. Schlumberger Carbon Services is to begin site assessment for deep saline sequestration near the plant.
Coal gasification to produce chemicals
One of the earliest and most notable coal gasification-based chemical plants in the United States is owned and operated by Eastman Chemical Company and based in Kingsport, Tennessee. Known as the Eastman Integrated Coal Gasification facility, it first opened in 1983 and is designed to process syngas from the gasification of Southwest Virginia and Eastern Kentucky coal, using Texaco gasifiers (now GE gasifier technology[21]). The intermediate products of syngas conversion are methanol and CO; these are further converted into products consisting of 500 million pounds per year of acetyl chemicals including acetic anhydride and acetic acid, enough to supply half of Eastman's raw acetyl needs. Acetyl chemicals are important to many of Eastman's products, but especially those at the Kingsport site, where five of seven manufacturing divisions rely on acetyls as a raw material. The success of the operation led to a decision to expand the plant capacity to an excess of 1 billion pounds per year to meet all of Eastman's needs.
The process configuration at Eastman is fairly complex, as a consequence of the feedstock requirements associated with multiple chemical syntheses involved. Part of the syngas resulting from the gasification of feed coal is shifted, and a Rectisol process is utilized for sulfur removal and CO2 removal. Recovered CO2 is sold for use in making carbonated beverages.[22]
Lignite gasification to produce synthetic natural gas or ammonia
The Great Plains Synfuels Plant (GPSP) in Beulah, North Dakota has been in operation since 1984 producing synthetic natural gas (SNG) from lignite coal,[23] and remains the only coal-to-SNG facility in the United States. GSPS is operated by the Dakota Gasification Company. In addition to the production of SNG, the plant also produces high purity carbon dioxide, which is distributed through a pipeline to end users in Saskatchewan, Canada (Cenovus Energy at the Weyburn field and Apache Canada at the Midale field) for enhanced oil recovery operations.
Operational profitability of the GPSP is affected by the market price of natural gas, with which SNG competes. In response, an anhydrous ammonia synthesis unit was added to the process train at the plant in the 1990s,[24] diversifying the plant's product line away from synthetic fuels (SNG), with a substantial capacity to produce anhydrous ammonia, a feedstock for fertilizer production. The plant can shift production to higher value products, depending on fluctuating market conditions.
Lignite coal gasification to produce electricity
Southern Company Services/Mississippi Power started construction on a new IGCC plant located in Kemper County, Mississippi in December 2010. Construction for the Kemper project is 75% complete as of January 2013.[26] Start of commercial operations for the plant is scheduled for May 2014, in which the plant will convert 12,000 tons of local Mississippi low-rank coal per day (large reserves of 4 billion tons of mineable lignite are located near the plant) to produce 582 MW (net) of electricity. The new plant will utilize KBR's TRIG™ gasifier technology,[27] suitable for utilization of the local lignite resources; two of the gasifiers will operate in air-blown mode at the Kemper County plant.
TRIG™ and related systems for gasification of low-rank coal had been developed by KBR and Southern Company in conjunction with DOE at the Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) in Wilsonville, Alabama, which comprised an engineering-scale demonstration of TRIG™ and associated critical subsystems. This provided the engineering and operational basis for the full-scale plant now being constructed in Kemper County.
The plant will capture and sequester 65% of the CO2 it produces through enhanced oil recovery. Emissions controls will remove over 99% SO2 and P25, at least 90% Hg, and limit NOx emissions to less than 0.07 lb/million Btu.
The Kemper County IGCC project is estimated to cost $4.7 billion, but the Kemper plant will be the cheapest plant to operate once it's up and running. Mississippi Power has received a $270 million grant from the Department of Energy and $412 million in investment tax credits approved by the IRS through the National Energy Policy Act of 2005 and the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008.
Sasol, in South Africa, operates commercial gasification plants in Secunda, Mpumalanga and in Sasolburg.[28]
During the 2011 session of the Illinois legislature proposals to provide financial support for state-of-the-art coal gasification plants in Chicago and Southern Illinois were considered. The bills require Illinois utilities to purchase gas at fixed rates from the plants for 30 years. The Chicago plant to be built by Chicago Clean Energy, a subsidiary of Leucadia National Corporation, is budgeted to cost $3 billion. It would be located in an existing industrial area on the Southeast Side on Burley Avenue near 116th Street. In addition to coal the plant would use coke, an oil refinery byproduct, as feed stock. Carbon dioxide produced during the project would be sequestered.[29] The bill to build the Chicago plant was passed by the legislature but vetoed by the Illinois governor Pat Quinn who cited cost issues. Due to uncertainty about natural gas supplies and prices alternative financing is doubtful. Another plant, Indiana Gasification, LLC also a Leucadia National Corporation subsidiary and with a similar business plan, is proposed for Rockport, Indiana where the state has agreed to purchase gas for 30 years at a fixed price.[30][31]
During sometime in late 2011 to early 2012, around 18 coal exploitation licenses were given by the coal association to create new coal gasification plants around the island of Great Britain, with the largest being in Swansea Bay, where up to 1bn tonnes of coal sits underneath the water.[citation needed] If these licenses pass, The UK could be a major coal power in the world once more.
Since 2012 Ukraine is gradually switching from natural gas-based to coal gasification technologies developed by China.[32]


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Vaughan Athletic Center
| Yoga Classes in Aurora Illinois
|Vaughan Athletic Center
|Yoga Style: Hatha, Power, Vinyasa, Yin
2121 West Indian Trail
Aurora, Illinois 60506
|(630) 907-9600
|Contact:Denise Zabelle
Amazing 210,000 square foot facility featuring a beautiful mind/body studio in addition to two other separate group fitness and spinning studios. Our mind/body program features hatha, power, vinyasa and yin yoga styles along with mat-based Pilates, Tai Chi classes and Nia classes.
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text: Spin Meter: In Budget Fight, Sky is Falling Again By Associated Press February 26, 2013 | 1140 KSOO-AM WASHINGTON - President Barack Obama and his officials are doing their best to drum up public concern over the shock wave of spending cuts that could strike the government in just days. So it's a good time to be alert for sky-is-falling hype. Read More|Comment Category: US/World News Tags: Washington Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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"The camera is not thinking for us," is how Shaun Botterill, the London-based chief sports photographer, put it. "The photographer is still there trying to get the picture he wants." Still, he said, "it's a big leap forus."
The robotic camera heads can be perched in places where photographers are not allowed — on therafters, for instance, since access at the London Games is especially restricted — and swivel 360 degrees to make aerial pictures where necessary. The images they capture can be transmitted instantly. Television cameras have been mounted like this in the past, but this is a first for still photography.
The New York Times will not use them, in part because of cost.
If they work during the Olympics, Getty reckons they could work in other places where human photographers find it difficult to position themselves, like operating theaters or in the wild.
"You see this technology developing because of a lack of access," Mr. Botterill said. "Next thing for us is, where do you go with it?"
Unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, hitched with cameras have already been used to capture aerial footage of protests in Poland. And a project at the University of Nebraska is exploring ways to usedrones in journalism.


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Fluval Nano Aquarium Stand is a simple, easy to assemble stand for any nano aquarium including the Fluval EDGE, Fluval Chi, Ebi Nano Shrimp or Flora Plant tank. Can be set up either vertical or horizontal.
The large oak stand features integrated shelves or dividers depending on how the stand is placed.


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by Richard Greene
(Oklahoma City)
We are still looking for a houseboat that suits our budget. Our favorite lake in Oklahoma is Lake Murray. The lake is spring fed and the level is consistent. Also, the lake is the second clearest in the state.
The problem with this lake is the boat slips are hard to come by. Most boats for sale are over priced because they are not only selling the boat but also the privledge of having the slip.
The marina is a full service marina with pleasant staff.
Richard Greene.
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Week In Review
Sunday, April 20, 2014
Overview: The Marlins dropped two of three to the Nationals but swept the Mariners for a 4-2 home stand.
Positives: The bats have mostly woken up and the starting pitching has been very nice. The Fish were able to win two close ballgames against Seattle. Giancarlo Stanton, M.D. remains piping hot to start the season.
Negatives: Mike Dunn is still doing Mike Dunn things. The bullpen as a whole leaves some to be desired, but if they didn't, what fun would that be?
Line of the Week: Henderson Alvarez's start on Saturday night,, an efficient 90 pitch complete game shutout, was arguable as good as his no-hitter last September.
Internet MVP of the Week: This super #TURNT fan who wasted no time hopping into the Clevelander pool to retrieve Marcell Ozuna's home run ball. That's good hustle.
Highlight of the Week: Nothing makes us feel more happy in the pants than a #WALKOFFMONSTERDONGGRANDSLAM
Looking Ahead: Miami travels to Atlanta for three and to New York for a weekend series with the Mets.
FYI: I (Ted) will be attending Tuesday night's ballgame, a Jose Fernandez start, at Turner Field. If any Atlanta/South-based Marlins fans are going, tweet @tedhill or @MarlinsDiehards. I'll buy you a beer and we can share Quilvio Veras stories. Read more...
Off-Day Guide
Thursday, April 17, 2014
What to do while you're dreaming of a competent bullpen...
- Bad Boys, ESPN, 7pm: The newest 30 for 30 documentary, about the late-80s Detroit Pistons.
- NHL Playoffs: Chicago at St. Louis, 7pm, NBCSports: if you're into that sort of thing...
- Community/Parks and Rec, NBC, 8pm: Season finale for Community, which has been stellar in Dan Harmon's return from exile.
- NCIS, CBS, 9pm: Watch it, then you'll have something to talk about with your parents (for once)!
- Scandal, ABC, 9pm: Watch it, then you'll have something to talk about with your boring friends!
The Jonah Keri podcast made its triumphant return this week, now part of Grantland's podcast lineup. Listen to it here, and try not to get the best theme song in podcasting stuck in your head.
Giancarlo Stanton Came to Fornicate
Wednesday, April 16, 2014
Then Sr. #Monsterdong took the bull by the horns and unleashed some hot sex on Marlins Park:
Let's Just Keep Thinking About That First Week
Monday, April 14, 2014
Hey, remember when the Marlins steamrolled Colorado and San Diego en route to a 5-2 record to start the season?
That was awesome.
Two straight series sweeps at Washington and Philadelphia, and the Fish are right back where everyone expected them to be:
The Marlins' poor play prompted this exchange between your fearless bloggers:
But hey, at least we can watch this #Monsterdong over and over until we forget about last week:


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Miller Harris Fleur Oriental Candle Mini - 35gMIL-040444
Sorry, this product has been discontinued or is unavailable for the foreseeable future.
Our price £10.00
All prices incl. VAT. Show shipping costs. Weight: 0.10 kg
Famously gifted to Michelle Obama by Samantha Cameron these miniature natural wax candles are available in all four classic fragrances.This richly scented 35g candle comes individually boxed and is the perfect little luxury, table gift or wedding favour.
Miller Harris Fleur Oriental Candle Mini - 35gReviews
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LRAP Continues Record Pace
12/20/07--The Loan Repayment Assistance Program is set to award over $260,000 this year to 65 graduates.
12/20/07--Boston College Law School's commitment to loan repayment assistance for graduates pursuing public interest careers will reach an all-time high again this year. The scholarship committee recently awarded over $260,000 in loan repayment assistance to new and recent alumni who are currently practicing public interest law. A total of 65 people received awards, according to the committee, compared to 64 last year.
The Law School's Loan Repayment Assistance Program (LRAP) has seen significant increases over the past few years. In the last three years alone, the LRAP has dispensed over three quarters of a million dollars in assistance. In 2005, the total amount awarded was $180,000 to 53 recipients; in 2001, it was $81,000 to 22 recipients.
"The Scholarship Committee is delighted that we have been able to meet the needs of our graduates who are practicing in the public sector," said Committee Chair and Director of Career Services Maris Abbene. "We are grateful to all of our Alumni who have supported the School. These gifts allow us to assist our graduates who serve the greater good and continue the mission of the law school to educate 'lawyers who lead good lives.' "
In a report put out by Equal Justice Works last year called 'Financing the Future: Responses to the Rising Debt of Law Students,' researchers claimed that "High debt and low salaries affect recruitment and retention in the government and nonprofit work force and threaten to strike a debilitating blow to the future of full-time public service." This report noted that the average law-school graduate owes between $50,000 and $80,000 in student loans while the median starting salary for lawyers in government or non-profit work is around $40,000. Compare this to the $135,000 that the average associate will earn in a big city, and it is no wonder that few lawyers are choosing the public sector. This study claims that as a result, low-income people are being denied access to justice.
LRAP aims to counter this imbalance. True to its Jesuit ideal of service to others, the Law School has never turned away a qualified recipient for LRAP. The Program was started by William F. Willier, a former BC Law professor who was instrumental in establishing an endowed fund for this purpose. Today, annual giving from alumni and friends to the Law School Fund, along with income from other endowed funds provide funding for LRAP.
Graduates often point to LRAP as the reason they are able to go into public interest work. LRAP recipients are, among other things, assistant district attorneys, legal service attorneys, public defenders, government mediators, immigration lawyers, health law advocates, victims rights advocates and juvenile law advocates.
Participants are eligible to remain in the program until their income in public sector employment exceeds $60,000. Numerous recipients have been in the program for five years or more.


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Tell the world about your work Talk about your job – exciting or dull. Tattle about your boss – good or bad. Tell us about your company – progressive or backward.
The idea of Leading With Kindness has great and broad appeal. So much so, in fact, that Bill Baker has been interviewed or offered commentary in several boradcast venues.
Traveling around the country interviewing dozens of people who work for and run these amazing companies, it's hard not to catch the kindness fever.
While talking to some of the people at Google recently about how the company managed to score #1 in the "Fortune 500 Best Companies to Work For" for the past two years in a row, I came across a term that I had never heard before: Googly.
Kind Leaders aren't sissies. When we say "kind", we do not mean to imply that some one should be a pushover or sucker. A kind leader is not a permissive person whose underlings run wild.
Special Event
"Ask the Authors" webinar.
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Rookie Blue Round Table: "Coming Home"by Christine Orlando at . Comments
With Andy's mom "Coming Home" on last week's Rookie Blue, our Round Table team is here to answer such pressing questions as:
Was Sam right to be wary of Claire? Was Jerry being too hard on Traci? And what's going on with Dov?
Join TV Fanatic's Christine Orlando, along with Nathalie, Kathryn and Cythy of the Rookie Blue fan forum Two Worlds Collide, for those answers and a lot more in this week's edition of the feature.
What was your favorite scene?
Nathalie: Right at the end, during the party, when Andy goes to her mother and says "Mom" instead of "Claire" like she did at the beginning. I'm so happy for her I hope her mother doesn't screw this up twice.
Kathryn: Favorite intense scenes were Ollie breaking down in the car with Izzy and the gun standoff. Favorite fun scene was the food fight. Andy really launched a LOT of flour right in Sam's face. Hilarious.
Cythy: I'd have to say Andy hugging Oliver - just shows so much about her care for everyone in her "family."
Christine: Ollie breaking down in the car with his daughter. He almost had me in tears.
Was Jerry being a jerk or was he justified in his treatment of Traci?
Nathalie: He's right but I think he's going a bit overboard, treating her like a simple trainee. She doesn't deserve special treatment but I guess I just didn't think he'd be a jerk when being someone's boss.
Kathryn: Both. I'm not quite sure if he was overcompensating in not trying to skip the hazing because she's his girlfriend and/or he wants to make sure she doesn't get a chance to screw up again for a while, or if he's just really got a problem dealing with her becoming more of a peer. But he was a bit of a jerk.
Cythy: I think he was being a jerk but he was doing it simply because he was having trouble finding a balance since she is his girlfriend but he knows he should be hazing her.
Christine: Yeah, he was a jerk. Having his girlfriend as his trainee is not a great situation. I think he's trying too hard to show there isn't any special treatment and in doing so he's holding her back. He needs to figure this out soon before it starts to hurt their personal relationship.
What is Dov doing with Crystal?
Nathalie: I have no idea. He's trying to help her, even if he says he's trying to help himself. But she seems to be hanging on to him and in my opinion, it's not healthy, for either of them.
Kathryn: There's so many mixed emotions swirling around those two, I can't quite get a full read on just what's the deal between them. She's been pretty unfair to him, but I did get the feeling that however things evolved in the time we didn't see, she felt he'd led her on, and I don't think she knows about Sue. I kind of love how they've made it ambiguous and something the audience is supposed to be anxious and upset about.
Cythy: I think Dov is not over the shooting and still feels guilty about it. He's helping her study because he knows that her mind is not fully on her studies since her brother is dead.
Christine: I know Dov is trying to assuage his guilt but I can't imagine bonding with the person who shot your brother is healthy. On some level, she's always going to be angry at Dov. I can't see that any of this ending well.
Was Sam right to investigate Andy's mom?
Nathalie: It's Sam's clumsy way of showing Andy he cares. He doesn't want her mother to break her heart again and he's right, neither do I. Andy suffered enough her whole life, family wise.
Kathryn: Not exactly, but I'm totally not surprised he did it. I get that Andy was rightfully mad, but I thought she was out of line to say it was didn't concern him at all and that she didn't want him weighing in on everything. Really? Their relationship is not the casual type where he's going to have no opinion on something that big. I was put off by her attitude even though I know there's pretty much nothing as raw as her feelings about her mom.
Cythy: I think he is right to investigate her mother because he is worried about Claire hurting Andy again. I don't think he needed to dig as deep as he did but it just goes to show how protective he is of her.
Christine: I understood Andy feeling like he went behind her back but telling him it wasn't his concern was hurtful. He loves her and wants to protect her. He's got every right to be worried. It may not be right but if I were in Sam's shoes I might do the same thing.
Did you think Ollie was going to shoot TK?
Nathalie: No. Oliver is a good man so I'm glad he made the right decision. Matt Gordon was fantastic in this episode, I'm glad he got this story line to showcase how great of an actor he is.
Kathryn: Not really, but that scene blew me away, and I was more concerned he might actually snap and do something stupid than I expected to be. Matt Gordon was incredible in the whole episode, but that was amazing. The reactions from Ben and Missy really added to it as well. Powerful stuff!
Cythy: I'm really up in the air about this one. On the one hand I'd like to paint the picture that he wouldn't while on the other hand, TK was hurting his daughter. I think that had Sam not kicked in the door and had Izzy not followed, he was so fueled by anger that he might have pulled the trigger.
Christine: Ollie a good person but when somebody hurts your kid, reason can fly out the window. He could have made a back decision in that moment. Thankfully Izzy was there to talk him down and if necessary I think Sam and Andy would have had his back.
C. Orlando is a TV Fanatic Staff Writer. Follow her on Twitter.Tags: Rookie Blue, Round Tables
nothing says love like a background check :)
The Dov/Crystal relationship is definitely unhealthy, but they are both grieving and grief can cause one to do stupid things. I have no first hand experience with what either of them are going through, but I understand the emotional aspect of it. I think that they are both looking for a connection, but it's not going to end well for either of them. Gregory Smith is doing an outstanding job with this storyline. Thank God Bomb Squad Sue seems stable. He's emotionally cheating on a woman who knows her way around explosives.
Was Sam right to investigate Andy's mom? Sam's intent was good his heart was in the right place I understand Andy being angry because he went behind her back, but I too thought her saying to him it was none of his concern, and that she does not want him weighing in on everything was harsh. He did it because he loves her, and he's concerned wish the writers would not have included that line let alone written it in the first place. Andy is giving her mother way to much leeway.
Wow great questions...alot of grey area covered there. Good job guys!
Thanks for inviting me to join in this week! I love how we all chose different scenes for the 'favorite' - there were so many good scenes in this episode.
Was Sam right to investigate Andy's mom?
Yes I think it was sweet, it shows how much he cares for her. Did you think Ollie was going to shoot TK?
No I did not think he would shoot TK. I do agree that Matt Gordon was fantastic!
What was your favorite scene?
I love any scene with Sam. However I have to say when Traci and Jerry showed up to work wearing the same color suit and shirt and then Gail calling Traci, Jerry. Was Jerry being a jerk or was he justified in his treatment of Traci?
I think he was being a jerk to a point. She is good at her job that is why she got the dective rotation and I think Jerry needs to realize that and loosen up a bit. What is Dov doing with Crystal?
I know he is dealing with the shooting of her brother in his own way but I think the whole Crystal thing is unhealthy!
Thanks for doing these Round Tables and involving the fans and us at Two Worlds Christine - they're great! It's always nice to see everyone's view of the episodes, cool concept :D rather than reading the stereotypical reviews. Cheers, sillygyrl8
I love the roundtables!! I'm getting the feeling we probably haven't seen the last of Dov & Crystal. I also think Gail hit it on the head in this episode. He's doing it to punish himself.
Another great Roundtable this week! Love reading the different opinions on scenes and the characters. I agree that 306 had many great scenes throughout. Matt Gordon really rocked this episode with his emotions. I would say that Sam wanted to learn about Andy's mom in his own way, but because he is in a relationship now, he needs to learn how to not keep things from her, and I'm glad that he did admit to Andy that he is messy and he goes about things the wrong way sometimes. I don't think Andy knows how to deal with her mom being back in her life, so how would Sam know exactly what he should do? The scene with TK and Oliver holding the gun made me really anxious even though I knew he wouldn't actually shoot him (being network, primetime TV and all), I felt like he was seriously considering it until Izzy spoke up. That scene is one for the books!


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By Brendan McLean, NAMI Communications Manager
By Allie Brosh
At first glance, Allie Brosh's drawings look like nothing more than a collection of crudely drawn stick figures. But the true effort she puts forth into each drawing is astounding. For example, in a video from the New York Times, the 28-year-old blogger describes how her artwork comes to life, such as the difference moving the pupils half a millimeter can make. This attention to detail—and her humor—allows Brosh's collection of drawings and text in her debut novel to become expressive depictions of her life experiences.
Brosh's new book, Hyperbole and a Half: Unfortunate Situations, Flawed Coping Mechanisms, and Other Things That Happened, chronicles many of her rocky days as a child, adventures with her dogs and thoughts on her traits and troubles. While the humorous anecdotes are what gave life to her blog, it was her posts on her experience with depression that often resonated most with her readers.
In October 2011, Brosh posted an online comic called "Adventures in Depression," detailing the sadness, self-loathing and other thoughts that she experienced with the illness. She then went silent on her blog for a year and a half, before making another post this past May that depicted her downward spiral and thoughts of suicide.
"No, see, I don't necessarily want to KILL myself " the comic version of Brosh explains to her mother. "I just want to become dead somehow."
The web post received more than 5,000 comments and more than 1.5 million visits in a single day. The painful honesty with which she describes her thoughts and experiences allows her simple drawings to convey much more than what might be considered possible.
In an interview with Mother Jones, Brosh describes how her isolated childhood helped develop her love for drawing. She had to be more resourceful than others her age because she couldn't simply visit a friend's house. As she grew older, her passion for art continued and her blog was born.
For Brosh, the responses she receives from readers, particularly on her posts about depression, encourage her in her work.
"Depression is a really isolating experience and so you don't really think of other people going through that, even though cognitively you know that other people are depressed," she told Mother Jones. Just seeing how many people identified with the post was actually really helpful for me. The amount of support that I received was pretty shocking."
Brosh's use of her drawings and words to chronicle her sometimes-bizarre life is truly enjoyable and enlightening. Her openness about her experience with depressionas well as her humorous tales of stealing cakes, her dogs and other childhood experiencesis something that can be enjoyed by all.
Copyright Date: 01/03/2014
Support NAMI to help millions of Americans who face mental illness every day.Donate today
Inspire others with your message of hope. Show others they are not alone.Share your story
Become an advocate. Register on NAMI.org to keep up with NAMI news and events.Join NAMI Today


text:
- About the College
- Schools
- People
- Future Students
- Current Students
- News
- Research
Primary links
Learning Management System Lead Job
Company: Chrysler Group LLC
- General Information
- Job Type: Full-time
- Location: Auburn Hills, MI
- Educational Requirements: Bachelors Degree
The Learning Management System Lead is responsible for leading the team providing day-to-day support for the Learning Management System. The responsibilities include vendor management, project management, SLA adherence tracking and issue escalation. The Learning Management System Lead will understand the learning/training needs for dealership personnel, corporate workforce, and supplier personnel and ensure the Learning Management System supports these needs. Maintain business convergence on the Learning Management System. Play a key role in system governance ensuring there is a single prioritized list of system issues and change requests. Manage system enhancement/change projects including development of business justification, business and technical requirements gathering, plan development, communication, status updates, and risk/issue management. Provide guidance to the team during the analysis, design, and testing of solutions. Apply project management expertise to improve productivity, increase efficiencies, mitigate risks, and resolve issues to ensure deliverables are completed on time, within budget, and meet the business needs. Research the emerging technologies and their potential application to the business and volunteer innovative ideas. Set and manage the business partner expectations. Assist in developing the annual budget, providing monthly forecasts and managing new spending requests and invoice approvals on an ongoing basis.
Basic Qualifications:
- Bachelor's degree
- Minimum 3 years of experience in application development and delivery
- Minimum 3 years of experience in requirements gathering and tracing the deliverables back to the requirements
- Minimum 2 years of project management experience managing major cross functional projects from project initiation to project closure
Preferred Qualifications:
- Bachelor's degree in Computer Science or related field
- Master's degree
- Experience in Learning Management Systems is a plus
- Excellent communication, negotiation, and reasoning skills to gain support of business leaders, IT colleagues, IT leadership, and supplier partners
- Strong ability to interact with all levels of the organization, including executives
- Self-starter with the ability to quickly learn complex business processes and enjoy working in a fast paced/high energy team setting
- Strong project management skills with the ability to hold the others accountable for their respective deliverables
- Prior experience on a large project initiative
- Ability to lead cross-functional team towards common solutions
- Ability to work within an offshore application development supplier engagement model
- Ability to multitask and work in a cross-functional setting
- Problem solving and data analysis skills
- Exhibit creative thinking while defining sound and practical solutions
- Experience in successful deliveries with progressively increasing responsibilities
- PMP training and certification a plus
- Knowledge of automotive industry
How to Apply: http://find.chryslercareers.com/s/Job-Details/Learning-Management-System-Lead-Job/Auburn-Hills-MI/xjdp-cl289866-jf407-ct100230-jid22484740-coUS


text:
So first up, this is available at GamesDay UK 2012. This first volume is titled "Betrayal" and I would guess its set on the initial purging of the Traitor Legions of their loyalist members on Istvaan.
Those images showed the following Legions in Heresy-Era garb:
-Emperor's Children
-Sons of Horus
-Death Guard
-World Eaters
-Titan Legion (looks to be the Legio Mortis)
A MAP of the HERESY ERA GALAXY! ~Special note, I'm a giant map geek and had to research the locations of all the traitor legion homeworlds from scraps and quips scattered everywhere when we did our own Heresy Campaign book so many years ago. I'm super excited to see this all officially added to the fluff's canon.
My Death Guard are ready to roll! Who's onboard for Heresy-era gaming and modeling?


text:
'Good camera, could use some updates'
'Good zoom range, Compact, easy to grip body'
'Good build, design and handling '
'A mode for producing 360 degree panoramas'
'Brilliant Little Camera!'
'Dismal low-light performance'
'Big 3-inch LCD, Optical image stabilization'
'Image quality is great, Colours are punchy and bold'
'Small and slim, light and sleek'
'Good creative modes, Images have really good colour reproduction'
'Handles sunlight well'
'Nice extra shooting features'
'Sharp 10x zoom lens'
'Very impressive continuous shooting, Poor image quality'
'iAuto shooting mode is accurate and easy in all situations'
'10x zoom is nice for a point-and-shoot'
'Inexpensive and easy to carry'
'Image quality is good for a budget camera'
'Good value for money'
'Low price, Long zoom, High resolution'
'Mediocre dim light shooting quality, Poor battery life'
'Dead-on white balance'
'Decent little camera suitable for the point and shooter'
'Good colour reproduction'
'Extra zoom power'
'Powerful flash and shooting tooltips'
'Plastic back feels cheap'
'Delivers exceptional quality in any environmental setting'
'Screen: poor viewing angles'
'Sharp, clean image quality'
'Excellent performance'
'Excellent colour reproduction'
'Well-considered interface'
'Solid and basic take-everywhere camera'
'Stylish and slim design'
'Faster continuous shooting'
'Broad and well-corrected 16x zoom covers every situation'
'Incredible focal range'
'3D shooting mode'
'Full manual and automatic controls '
'AVCHD and Mpeg4 video capture modes'
'Extensive feature set'
'Feature-packed camera'
'Good video functionality'
'Full HD video recording'
'Early Impressions from Day One - Review FinePix F550EXR,'
'First Day Impressions - Fantastic Little Camera'
'Awesome camera!'
'Average user with a F550exr on vacation'
'Not Up to Expectations'
'Feature packed capable camera with some good and some bad'
'Surprisingly Reliable Auto Mode!!'
'So Far So Good'
'Really enjoying this camera - it's a lot of fun'
'Best Pocket Cam I've Owned'
' Easy to use, but not the best pictures'
'Very good shooting performance'
'Deliver usable results without having to pore over a manual on the train or plane'
'4x stabilised optical zoom'
'Fun to use'
'Compact form factor'
'Good controls and comfortable to use'
'Detail levels are good in the lighter and darker areas of the shot.'
'Good focusing performance'
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Why Some Like It Hot: Personality May Sway Food Choices
THURSDAY, July 25 (HealthDay News) -- Whether you prefer spicy meals or bland foods may be a matter of personality, a new study suggests.
Researchers gave personality tests to 184 nonsmokers, aged 18 to 45, to see if they had either a sensation-seeking personality (someone who is open to new experiences and willing to take risks) or a more sedate personality and less open to such things.
The participants were then given a small amount of capsaicin, the hot component of chili peppers, and asked to rate how much they liked a spicy meal as the burn from the capsaicin increased in intensity.
Those with sensation-seeking personalities continued to say they liked the spicy meal even as the burn from the capsaicin increased, while those with more sedate personalities disliked the meal as the burn increased, according to the study. The findings were presented recently at the annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists in Chicago.
"Theoretically, we know that burn intensity and liking are linear-related," study author Nadia Byrnes, of Pennsylvania State University, said in an institute news release. "The more irritating a compound or food gets, the less people should like it. But that's not always the case."
Data and conclusions presented at meetings are typically considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.
More information
The American Psychological Association has more about personality.
SOURCE: Institute of Food Technologists, news release, July 17, 2013Related Articles
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I wonder just how many mature adults here that are blogging. If you think you are one then please tell me, because I'm confused.
There Goes the Neighborhood
What are the requisites to be considered a "mature adult"?
You were made by God and for God-and until you understand that, life will never make sense.
I stay confused! ROFL What kind of question is this anyway?
The highest form of wisdom is kindness!!
f.k.a. RiverBound "Go in the water even if it's cold"
as though somene got computer access during study hall LOL
"Go in the water even if it's cold"
"To Our Military families who have lost a love one, may you hear the flutter of their wings and feel the touch of their feathers against your cheeks" D-68
"mature adults"
Like MH I
I would assume that you mean that a mature blogger wouldn't jump right on the blogs and in their first post ever:
1) tell other bloggers to "get off your lazy bottoms" and
2) refer to BT blogs as "these stupid blogs!!!!!!!!!!"
I could go on but I think you get the point. If I'm wrong, please tell us what constitues a mature blogger because you seem to get more confusing with each post.
Karen Wilkins, Maranatha Farm
Website: http://www.maranathafarm.org (Thanks to Lighthouse Design Group)
(843) 816-6676 fax 726-6606
Nobody ever seems to want to come right out and acknowledge the fact that quite a number of seemingly human bloggers are in fact DOGS who have learned to keyboard.
Once you take that into consideration a lot more makes sense.
Does over 50 count? Cuz then I think I fit the bill???!!!! LMAO
Hey Karen, I think dogs might make more sense than some of the weirdest bloggers we've encountered.
Have you ever noticed that anybody driving slower than you is an idiot, and anyone going faster than you is a maniac?
~George Carlin~
Hunh?? You mean of a cetain age (most)
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After running into Chen and Li Li again you head down the road with them to sample more brew. The only issue is, once again the proprietor has issues with Virmen in the area and needs a hand. Have no fear though Chen and Li Li both have plans to deal with the Virmen.
|Leaders among Breeders
|Yellow and Red Make Orange
|Chen Stormstout
Mudmug's Place
Li Li
|Seeing that the brewer Mudmug won't server any beer until the Virmen in the area are ran off, Chen comes up with a plan to take out the key Virmen rather than all of them. You need to find and slay 3 key pesky varmints in the area. They are all above ground, no need to enter the warrens.
|Li Li has a sense of humour about the Virmen and wants to play some tricks on them. Collect some yellow flowers from the hill tops and some red animal blood (not Virmen blood) so that she can paint some turnips orange.
|The Warren-Mother
|Crouching Carrot, Hidden Turnip
|Chen Stormstout
Mudmug's Place
|Li Li
Mudmug's Place
|The second part of Chen's plan is to off the Warren-mother Chufa now that the breeding fathers are dealt with. You will find her down in the warren. She is an elite though so take some care unless you are geared up.
|Li Li's plan has come together, now to trick the Virmen. While working on the other quests, chuck the orange-coloured turnips to the various Virmen and watch the hilarity.
|Thieves to the Core
Mudmug's Place
|Chen Stormstout
Mudmug's Place
|While working on Chen and Li Li's quests, Mudmug would like you to keep your eyes open for some bags of hops so that he can brew some more. You will find them down in the warren while dealing with the warren-mother and handing out fake carrots.
|Chen finally gets to try Mudmug's brew and really enjoys it. Mudmug then mentions another brewery just down the road, and Chen gets all excited to go and visit the Stormstout Brewery, since he is part of that family. He heads of and leaves you to explore the area further with Li Li.
|Li Li's Day Off
|Muddy Water
|Li Li
Mudmug's Place
Mudmug's Place
While Chen is away Li Li wants to explore the surrounding area. There are three spots she wants to visit, and two of them lead to a lot more quests, so we will deal with those quests as we move onto each of those quest hugs. It is enough for right now to simply visit each of the three areas: the Huangtze falls, the silken fields, and new Cifera.
|Mudmug would like a little more help with his brewing. This time he would like you to head to the river to collect some muddy water. This quest is obnoxious, as the bottle leaks any time you move,and it takes several spots to fill it. Your best bet is to take your time and find an area with several muddy water sections in the river close by, collect them and wait for them to respawn so you do not have to move.
This completes the quests at the first three quest hubs in the Valley of the Four Winds. It also shows you at least two more hubs that you will visit next the Silken Fields and New Cifera. Also left open are the four masters to talk to from Pang's Stead right at the beginning of the zone, but don't worry you will get to them soon enough, in fact one is in New Cifera. Also introduced is the famous Stormstout Brewery, so you know it will be time to visit there soon enough as well.


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Luciaetta Ivey makes out Good in Phil Ivey Divorce
When poker pro Phil Ivey and his wife of seven years, Luciaetta Ivey, got divorced, people knew that Luciaetta was going to get her fair share of wealth. After all, Ivey has $13.8 million in live poker tournament winnings, close to $20 million in earnings from online poker cash games, and countless dollars from both live cash games and sponsorship deals. But it was hard to imagine the extent of what the former Mrs. Ivey would get when the case was decided.
Thanks to new details published by the Las Vegas Review Journal, we now know exactly how much of the vast fortune that Luciaetta Ivey got from the divorce settlement. Highlights include $2.2 million in jewelry and purses, a $180,000 alimony payment each month, a life insurance policy, a house down payment, 40% of a stock account, and 40% of business payments to Phil Ivey (except for Tiltware LLC payouts). Furthermore, she didn't have to assume any of Phil's massive $15.1 million gambling bills and other debt.
But lately, the $180k alimony payments have been missing from the settlement because of a clause that relieves Phil of paying this if he's no longer getting money from Tiltware. So Luciaetta has taken the case back to court because the former judge involved with the case – Bill Gonzalez – received $5k in campaign contributions from Phil Ivey. She spoke about these revalations last month by saying, "I was blindsided. I was very upset. I was very disgusted."
At the moment, it doesn't look like the case is going to be reopened because the Supreme Court where Luciaetta filed her petition said she, "sought to reopen the divorce case because she wasted all her money." Going further, Phil's lawyers chimed in with their take on the Judge Bill Gonzalez matter by saying, "At the time of the contributions, Judge Gonzalez no longer had jurisdiction over the case because it was closed."
If you'd like to read more about the Phil Ivey divorce case, you can check out the Review Journal article.


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High School
Wolcott boys knock off St. Paul, 60-48
Mike Bozzuto netted a game-high 21 points for host Wolcott as it defeated St. Paul, 60-48, Monday in NVL Brass Division action.
Nick Japs added 19 points for the Eagles (10-6).
Kyle Dube led the Falcons (8-8) with 18 points, and Jake Kawiecki had 11.
Northwestern 73, Thomaston 56: John Stevens netted a game-high 30 points to lead Northwestern in BL action in Thomaston.
Conner Guiheen added 16 points for the Highlanders (15-0), and Jimi Phillips chipped in with 10.
Andrew Stern led the Golden Bears (8-8) with 14 points, while Alex Gagne and Jack Kelley added 11 points apiece.
Wilcox Tech 70, Litchfield 57: Roosevelt Shider poured in a game-high 41 points to lead Wilcox Tech over host Litchfield in a nonleague contest.
Luis Torres and Ryan Kingsland contributed nine points each for the Indians (9-7).
Darrin Newbury led the Cowboys (3-13) with 21 points, including six treys, while Steven Rinquist added 20 points.
Wilbur Cross 68, Cheshire 59: Chan Williams Bey recorded 21 points for Wilbur Cross as it earned an SCC victory in Cheshire.
Joshua Fleming and Mike Judkins had 18 and 10 points for the Governors (14-2), respectively.
Eric Dietrich and Collin Jordan had 16 points apiece for the Rams (8-7), and Andrew Yamin chipped in with 11 points.
Pomperaug 78, Faith Prep 59: Lucien Fortier scored a game-high 37 points and grabbed 14 rebounds for Pomperaug as it defeated Faith Prep (1-8) in New Milford.
Nathan Rubinstein and Tyler Harrington added 12 points apiece for the Panthers (5-11), and Ryan Johannes chipped in with eight points.
Bristol Eastern 55, Plainville 44: Mike Belton scored a team-high 17 points for Bristol Eastern as it gained a CCC victory over Plainville.
Ryan Chiasson and Kevin Love had 14 points apiece for the Lancers (8-7), as they qualified for the Class L state tournament with the win.
Eric Fischer had 22 points for the Blue Devils (0-16).
St. Paul 34, Wolcott 26: Kelly McMahon and Lizzy Ferraro had nine points each for the visiting Falcons (10-8) in NVL action.
Cassidy Cody led the Eagles (10-8) with seven points. Kayla Briere added five.
Cheshire 42, Sheehan 37: Lauren Como scored a team-high 11 points for Cheshire as it clinched at least a share of the SCC Housatonic Division title.
Missy Bailey added eight points for the Rams (9-9) while Sara Como chipped in seven.
The Rams can clinch the division title outright tonight with a win over Amity. at Cheshire High's East Gym at 7.
Chase Collegiate 48, Christian Heritage 35: Natalie Fitzgerald recorded 12 points and 10 rebounds for Chase Collegiate in Waterbury.
Emily Grimes had 12 points, Idalis Miranda added 10 points and seven assists and Taylor Brady had eight points, eight rebounds and six assists for the Highlanders (10-5).
Bristol Eastern 53, Plainville 40: Daijia Brooks had 17 points and Amanda Zdun added 15 for the visiting Lancers in CCC action.
Karissa Smith chipped in nine points and 11 rebounds for Eastern (11-6). Jamella Shoultz also scored nine points.
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More High School stories
- Palladino: 15th NVL member not done deal
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- Hockey: Watertown-Pomperaug edges Cheshire
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- Palladino: State swimming heavyweights put on a show
- Swimming: Sacred Heart young, but still strong contender
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- Scholar-athlete: Watertown's Kuegler plays a role in all sorts of runs
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- Wolcott boys knock off St. Paul, 60-48


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Hasbro, Inc. Named One Of America's Most Community-Minded Companies In "The Civic 50"
Global branded play company Hasbro, Inc. (NASDAQ: HAS) today announced that it has been recognized in The Civic 50 survey as one of America's most community-minded companies. Hasbro was selected in the top 10 by The Civic 50, the first comprehensive ranking of S&P 500 corporations that best use their time, talent, and resources to improve the quality of life in the communities where they do business. This list also includes companies such as IBM, Citi and AT&T.
"Hasbro is honored to be recognized alongside some very deserving companies as a member of the inaugural Civic 50," said Brian Goldner, president and CEO, Hasbro, Inc. "For nearly 90 years, Hasbro's commitment to civic engagement has been part of our DNA and we remain focused on providing our employees' talent and our company's resources along with an element of fun to help empower children worldwide."
Hasbro was evaluated on several elements, including leadership, measurement and strategy, design, employee civic health, community partnerships, cause alignment and transparency. The survey was conducted by the National Conference on Citizenship (NCoC) and Points of Light, the nation's definitive experts on civic engagement, in partnership with Bloomberg LP. An article about The Civic 50 looking at the philanthropic efforts of some of the top companies appeared in the November 12-18, 2012 issue of Bloomberg Businessweek. The full Civic 50 ranking is posted on www.businessweek.com at www.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/civic_50_2012.html.
"The results of The Civic 50 show that what is good for business can also be good for the community," said Michael Weiser, Chairman of NCoC, and Jackie Norris, executive director of Points of Light Corporate Institute, in a joint statement. "Rather than passively write checks to charities or philanthropies, the top corporations are actively aligning their resources and professional skills with the needs of community partners. The Civic 50 reveals which companies are truly innovative, and we are hopeful that these examples will inspire other companies to make a difference in communities."Hasbro and its employees have a long history of giving back through its philanthropic programs. With nearly $16 million in product and financial support provided in 2011 to charitable organizations worldwide, Hasbro's philanthropic work focuses on helping children overcome critical life challenges, bringing them joy, and inspiring them to make their mark on the world through service. The Team Hasbro employee volunteer program gives employees four hours of paid time off per month to volunteer with child focused organizations in the communities where they live and work.
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A young traveler, a beginner photographer and a bored student on vacations is out on a trip to explore the culture, the sights and people of the famous, Hunza. This travel log shows the land from the travelers perspective and how he deciphers the different cultural norms and ethics and how he meets locals and gains knowledge about the lands.
TEASER HUNZA STORY from Arsal Shafa on Vimeo.


text:
Think pink like Emma Stone and Eva Mendes. It's innocent and inviting at once.
STEP ONE: Blend a pea-size drop of sparkling pink blush on cheekbones, brow bones, and the bridge of your nose.
STEP TWO: Swirl a generous amount of sparkling pink blush on the apples of your cheeks.
STEP THREE: Add subtle color to lips with a dab of baby-pink balm.Read MoreLess


text:
Catholic News Service PHOTO
Rabbi Abraham Skorka, rector of the Latin American Rabbinical Seminary in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and a leader in the country's Jewish community, is pictured in March. Rabbi Skorka said soccer formed the initial bridge between he and Pope Francis, but their bond went beyond sport and helped to bring Christians and Jews closer together after a period of less-than-cordial relations in Argentina. (CNS/David Agren)


text:
The Taken Series
Taken (November 4/08)
A 21st century riff on Commando, Taken casts Liam Neeson as Bryan Mills - a former spy who is forced to put his old skills to use after his daughter (Maggie Grace's Kim) is kidnapped while on vacation in France. Director Pierre Morel - working from Luc Besson and Robert Mark Kamen's screenplay - has emerged with an unexpectedly thrilling actioner that effectively blends the tongue-in-cheek sensibilities of its '80s progenitors with the grittiness of the Bourne series, although there's little doubt that the film's success is due primarily to Neeson's absolutely spellbinding work as the seemingly unstoppable central character. Neeson's notoriously intense demeanor proves instrumental in Bryan's transformation from uptight father to unrelenting badass, with the actor's tough-as-nails, thoroughly riveting portrayal elevating what's already an incredibly entertaining and instantly indelible example of the action genre. And although Morel's penchant for punching up high-octane interludes with quick cuts and shaky camerawork is lamentable, there's simply no denying the strength of the progressively inventive fight sequences in which Bryan comes face to face with a series of brutal baddies. The effectiveness of the film's myriad of confrontations is undoubtedly heightened by one's rooting interest in Bryan's success, as the character's single-minded, take-no-prisoners modus operandi is refreshingly free of sentiment and compassion (ie his decision to rescue a female hostage is based not on sympathy but rather on her ability to provide him with information). The end result is a contemporary action masterpiece that surely ranks alongside the best that the genre has to offer, with the film certainly breathing life into a cinematic category that's been slowly-but-surely sliding into oblivion thanks to such woefully incompetent efforts as Wanted, Hitman, and Max Payne.
out of
A passable yet underwhelming sequel, Taken 2 follows Liam Neeson's Bryan Mills as he's once again forced to embark on an ass-kicking spree after his family is targeted by nefarious villains. There's little doubt that Taken 2, like its predecessor, suffers from an aggressively tedious opening half hour that's heavy on melodrama and light on action, with Neeson's solid performance and the promise of impending violence going a long way towards sustaining one's waning interest. And although the inclusion of elements designed to echo the first movie is often laughable (eg Bryan calls up his daughter, while at gunpoint, to warn her that he and her mother are about to be abducted), Taken 2, once it gets going, is exactly the kind of compulsively watchable actioner that one has come to expect from producer Luc Besson - with the agreeable atmosphere heightened by Neeson's stirring performance and the sporadic emphasis on ludicrous yet entertaining set pieces (eg Bryan figures out his location by listening to a series of explosions around the city). It's just as clear, however, that the movie is never quite able to recapture the palpable intensity and propulsive momentum that defined the original, with the by-the-numbers nature of Besson and Robert Mark Kamen's screenplay resulting in a rather generic feel that extends to virtually every aspect of the proceedings. (And, of course, the movie's lamentable PG-13 rating is especially disappointing this time around, as Olivier Megaton's kinetic visuals ensure that it's impossible to comfortably discern what's happening within several key fight sequences.) Taken 2 is, in the end, a phoned-in sequel that nevertheless gets the job done, though it's difficult, given the effectiveness of 2008's Taken, not to have expected something a little more memorable from the film.


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Driver takes out gas meter during slippery commute
TORRINGTON -- Slippery conditions caused for scary moments after a car crashed into a building Wednesday morning and took out the gas meter.
Fire Capt. Edward Smith said the driver of the car was heading south on Winsted Road, lost control, skidded across the road and struck the building that houses Taylor Rental. The impact took out of the gas meter and the connecting gas pipes on the side of the building at 696 Winsted Road.
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