text:
Leonard Nimoy as Spock (left) beside William Shatner as James T. Kirk
|Portrayed by
Spock, commonly Mr. Spock, is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise.[1] First portrayed by Leonard Nimoy in the original Star Trek series, Spock also appears in the animated Star Trek series, a two-part episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, eight of the Star Trek feature films, and numerous Star Trek novels, comics, and video games.[1][2] In addition to this, numerous actors portrayed the various stages of Spock's rapid growth, due to the effects of the Genesis Planet, in the 1984 Star Trek film Star Trek III: The Search For Spock. In the 2009 film Star Trek and its 2013 sequel Star Trek Into Darkness, Nimoy reprised his role alongside Zachary Quinto, who depicted a younger version of the character, existing within an alternate timeline, and Jacob Kogan playing Spock as a child within the same film.[2]
Spock serves aboard the starship Enterprise, as science officer and first officer, and later as commanding officer of two iterations of the vessel. Spock's mixed human-Vulcan heritage serves as an important plot element in many of the character's appearances. Along with Captain James T. Kirk and Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy, he is one of the three central characters in the original Star Trek series and its films. After retiring from Starfleet, Spock serves as a Federation ambassador, contributing toward the easing of the strained relationship between the Federation and the Klingon Empire. In his later years, he serves as Federation ambassador to the Romulan Star Empire and becomes involved in the ill-fated attempt to save Romulus from a supernova.[3]
- 1 Appearances
- 2 Development
- 3 Reception
- 4 Cultural impact
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Original series television and films[edit]
The character was initially depicted as the USS Enterprise's science officer for the original pilot, "The Cage" (1964). Although "The Cage" did not air, Spock's eleven years of service under the command of Captain Christopher Pike are referred to and depicted in "The Menagerie" (1966) and other episodes.[4] The character's first broadcast appearance is in "The Man Trap" (1966), which introduces him as the ship's science officer and first officer under Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner).[4] Star Trek depicts a trio of Spock, Kirk, and Doctor Leonard McCoy (DeForest Kelley); while McCoy often acts as Kirk's conscience, Spock offers the captain an emotionally detached, logical perspective.[4] The character also offers an "outsider's" perspective on "the human condition".[4]
Star Trek also presents elements of Spock's upbringing and family. "Journey to Babel" (1967) depicts his parents: Sarek (Mark Lenard), the Vulcan ambassador to the Federation, and Amanda Grayson (Jane Wyatt), a human.[1] Spock's decision to join Starfleet, rather than attend the Vulcan Science Academy, ran contrary to his father's wishes.[5] The relationship between Spock and Sarek is strained and often turbulent, although rooted in an underlying respect and carefully restrained love for each other.[4][6] The 1973 animated series episode "Yesteryear" shows seven-year-old Spock choosing to pursue a Vulcan lifestyle devoted to logic and suppressing emotion.
At the beginning of Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), Spock is no longer in Starfleet, having resigned and returned home to pursue the Vulcan discipline of Kolinahr. Spock is unable to complete the Kolinahr ritual after he senses the coming of V'ger, and rejoins Starfleet to aid the Enterprise crew in their mission.[1] Spock, promoted to captain, is commanding officer of the Enterprise at the beginning of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982).[1] At the film's end, he transfers his "katra" – the sum of his memories and experience – to McCoy, and then sacrifices himself to save the ship and its crew from Khan Noonien Singh (Ricardo Montalbán).[1] The sequel, Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984), focuses on his crewmates' quest to recover Spock's body, resurrected by the Genesis matrix in the previous film. At the film's conclusion, Spock's revived body is reunited with his katra.[1] Spock is next seen in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986), which depicts his recovery from the after-effects of his resurrection. In the film's final scene, he joins the crew of the newly commissioned USS Enterprise-A under Kirk's command.[1] In Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (1989), Spock and the Enterprise crew confront the renegade Sybok, Spock's half-brother.[1] Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991) reunites the Enterprise crew on a mission to prevent war from erupting between the Federation and Klingon Empire. Spock serves as a special envoy to broker peace with the Klingons after a natural disaster devastates their homeworld.
Star Trek: The Next Generation[edit]
Spock appears in "Unification" (1991), a two-part episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. Set 75 years after the events of The Undiscovered Country, the episode focuses on Federation Ambassador Spock's attempt to reunite the Romulans with their Vulcan brethren.[6] Filming of The Undiscovered Country overlapped with production of this episode, and the episode references Spock's role in the film.[6]
Star Trek (2009)[edit]
Spock's next appearance in the live action Star Trek franchise is the 2009 Star Trek film. Nimoy was given approval rights over Spock's casting and supported Quinto's casting.[citation needed]
In the film's flashback (set 19 years after the events of "Unification", and as depicted in the comic miniseries Star Trek: Countdown[3]), Ambassador Spock (Nimoy) promises the Romulans he will use Vulcan technology to save them from a rogue supernova that threatens to destroy their Empire. He pilots an advanced starship equipped with red matter, a powerful substance able to create artificial black holes. The mission is only partially successful, and in the aftermath Spock is pursued into the past by Nero (Eric Bana), a Romulan driven mad by the loss of his homeworld and family, setting into motion the events of the film.
In the film's opening act, Nero's ship emerges in the year 2233, and through its interaction with the inhabitants, inadvertently creates an "alternate, parallel 'Star Trek' universe".[7][8] 25 years later in the new reality, Spock's ship emerges, and Nero captures him and the red matter. Stranded in the alternate past, the prime version of Spock helps alternate, younger versions of himself and Kirk (Zachary Quinto and Chris Pine, respectively) thwart Nero's attempt to destroy the Federation.
The film also features Jacob Kogan in several scenes depicting Spock's childhood, including his abuse at the hands of other Vulcan children due to his half-Human heritage, and his relationship with his parents (Ben Cross and Winona Ryder). The film also depicts Kirk and Spock's initial clashes at Starfleet Academy, and the gradual development of their friendship based on shared mutual respect,[7] what the elder Spock calls "... a friendship that will define them both in ways they cannot yet realize."[9] A major change in characterization from the primary timeline is alternate Spock's involvement with alternate Uhura (Zoe Saldana), his former student. At the end of the film, the young Spock opts to remain in Starfleet while his older self stays in the altered universe to aid the few surviving Vulcan refugees, as Nero had destroyed Vulcan, Spock's home planet.
Star Trek Into Darkness (2013)[edit]
In Star Trek Into Darkness, Spock Prime is described as living on 'New Vulcan' while the younger Spock remains aboard the Enterprise struggling with the loss of his homeworld, as well as his relationships with Uhura and Captain Kirk. Spock nearly dies protecting a planet from an active volcano, but Kirk breaks the Prime Directive and saves him. Spock Prime is contacted by Spock on the Enterprise, to find out details on Khan. Spock Prime initially reminds his alternate self that he will not interfere with the events in the alternate timeline. That being said, he then informs Spock that Khan was a dangerous man, and the greatest threat that the Enterprise ever faced in his own timeline, and warns that he is likely as dangerous in Spock's alternate timeline as well. When asked on whether Khan was defeated, Spock Prime answers that he eventually was defeated, but at great cost. When Kirk contracts radiation poisoning and dies in front of Spock (a transposed parallel of events in the prime timeline where Spock dies in front of Kirk), an enraged Spock attempts to kill Khan to avenge Kirk before Uhura informs him that Khan's regenerative blood can revive Kirk. Nearly a year later, Spock remains as Kirk's chief science officer and executive officer as the Enterprise departs on its first five-year mission of deep-space exploration.
Spock, as originally described in Gene Roddenberry's 1964 pitch for Star Trek, is "probably half Martian, he has a slightly reddish complexion and semi-pointed ears".[10] Early versions had the character ingest energy through a plate in his stomach. Writer Samuel A. Peeples told Roddenberry these attributes made Spock too alien, and suggested "he should at least be half-human and have the problems of both sides",[11] believing the human traits made the character more interesting and able to comment on the human condition more believably. Spock's home planet was changed because Roddenberry thought if the show was a success, humans might actually walk on Mars during the series' run.[12]
Roddenberry sought an alien-sounding name when he created "Spock", and did not know until later of Dr. Benjamin Spock, the pediatrician and author.[13] In the initial, rejected pilot, "The Cage" (1964), Spock is greenish yellow and from the planet Vulcan. After DeForest Kelley in 1964 turned down the role,[14]:133,147[15] Roddenberry's second choice to portray the character was Adam West,[citation needed] who at the time happened to be busy working on the film Robinson Crusoe on Mars (1964), and as a result, turned to Nimoy, already known to him from a guest appearance in his pilot The Lieutenant. Nichelle Nichols was also considered for the role of Spock. [16]After Roddenberry saw Nimoy's thin face and sharp features, no other actors were considered[17] - Kelley, on the other hand, would later be cast as Dr. McCoy, the highly emotional human who became Spock's frequent foil. Had Nimoy turned down the role, Roddenberry would have approached Martin Landau.[18]
The "pointy ears" worn by Nimoy while portraying Spock are a form of facial prosthesis, mainly composed from molded and painted syntactic foam,[19] made by noted make-up artist John Chambers.[20] The foam was made by filling a ceramic matrix with hollow particles called microballoons, which result in a low density prosthesis that is easily worn. However, the process of ungluing the ears was painful for Nimoy, and meant that he had to come in an hour and a half early before filming, and stay behind for a half hour each day after filming, to apply and remove the glued pieces. The pain and inconvenience were so great that when producer Robert H. Justman jokingly proposed plastic surgery, Nimoy momentarily considered doing so.[21] NBC was concerned about Spock's satanic appearance, however, and asked for the character to be dropped; according to Oscar Katz, the network was worried "the 'guy with the ears' would scare the sh*t out of every kid in America". Publicity shots of the character were airbrushed so Spock had normal eyebrows and round ears. With Katz's help, Roddenberry was able to keep the character.[12] Throughout the character's television and movie appearances, the shape of Spock's ears has varied, due in part to the different makeup artists applying them.[22]
Spock did not originally have the logical manner which would become associated with the character, this instead being a trait of the character Number One (Majel Barrett). However, Number One was dropped in developing the second pilot, "Where No Man Has Gone Before" (1965). This episode presents a more fully formed Spock, with his trademark logic.[23] Nimoy liked the character's newly logical nature, observing the character is "struggling to maintain a Vulcan attitude, a Vulcan philosophical posture and a Vulcan logic, opposing what was fighting him internally, which was human emotion". [24] The characteristics described by Nimoy could be seen particularly in the 2009 film Star Trek, and its sequel, in which, while retaining his logical nature, the alternate version of Spock is portrayed as much more emotional than the original. Spock's behavior has been described as representing, in part, a type of normative judgment.[25] Spock's Vulcan salute is inspired by a sacred hand position used by the ancient Jewish priestly class. Desilu vice president Herbert Solow believes Nimoy was the key contributor to the character's depiction.[26] Nimoy recalled, "As a Jew from Catholic Boston, I understood what it was like to feel alienated, apart from the mainstream...There were a number of values in 'Star Trek' that I felt very comfortable with as a Jew".[27]
In a production memo going into the third season, Roddenberry credited Nimoy and the show's writers for developing Spock into a "fully dimensional" character.[28] Roddenberry said Spock is difficult to write properly, and encouraged the writers to revisit some of the character's more colorful aspects, such as his music-playing and ongoing chess game with Kirk.[28] He also said fans' most frequent request was for more confrontation between McCoy and Spock.[28]
Death in The Wrath of Khan[edit]
Nimoy had not intended to join the cast of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, but was enticed back with the promise that his character would be given a dramatic death scene.[29] Nimoy reasoned that since The Wrath of Khan would be the final Star Trek film, having Spock "go out in a blaze of glory" seemed like a good way to resolve the character's fate.[30] In an earlier draft of the script, Spock had died in the first act in a shocking demise that the movie's producer Harve Bennett compared to Janet Leigh's early death in Psycho.[31] Fan reaction to leaked news that Spock would be killed was overwhelmingly negative,[32] and one fan paid for trade-paper advertisements urging Paramount to abandon the plan.[33] Some fans even went so far as to issue death threats against Leonard Nimoy's family. According to Bennett:
For some reason fans got the impression that he [Nimoy] wanted Spock dead. He'd written a book "I Am Not Spock," and that gave people the idea. Anyway, when a fringe group of Trekkies learned that we were going to kill the Spock character, it was like we'd taken a child of theirs onto the Brooklyn Bridge with the intention of throwing it off. And their reaction was, "Let's get Leonard."[34]
I thought everything was managed in excellent taste. I feel proud. When it was first suggested to me that Spock would die, I was hesitant. It seemed exploitative. But now that I've seen how it was accomplished, I think it was a very good idea.
By April 1981, a revised script was completed that moved the character's death to the movie's final act.[35][36] Spock's death scene was shot over three days, during which no visitors were allowed on set.[36]
Spock's death was intended to be irrevocable, but Nimoy had such a positive experience during filming that he asked if he could find a way for Spock to return in a later film. The scene showing Spock's mind meld with McCoy was filmed without actor DeForest Kelley's prior knowledge of its true meaning.[37] Test audience reaction to Spock's death and the film's ending (the tone of which was dark and final) was poor,[30] so Bennett made it more uplifting by adding a final scene revealing Spock's casket on the Genesis planet. During this scene, Nimoy reads the "These are the voyages" monologue—which, until then, was used only to begin Star Trek stories, thus implying Spock's "story" might not be over.
Director Nicholas Meyer objected to but did not obstruct the changes,[38] and even Nimoy didn't know about the new scene until he viewed the film.[39] Before the film opened, the media reassured worried fans that Spock would "live again".[33]
Reaction to Spock's death[edit]
The Wrath of Khan had its first public screening at a science-fiction convention in Overland Park, Kansas on May 8, 1982, almost a month before general release. Although Paramount executives were concerned that Spock's death would set fans against the movie, the audience actually applauded after Spock's death scene. "It was sensational. I hate to be given to superlatives but it absolutely reached everything we wanted it to. I couldn't ask for anything better," said co-producer Robert Sallin of the advance audience's reaction.[40]
Critical reaction to Spock's death was mixed. Film critic Roger Ebert lauded Spock's death: "He makes a choice in STAR TREK II that would be made only by a hero, a fool, or a Vulcan. And when he makes his decision, the movie rises to one of its best scenes, because the 'Star Trek' stories have always been best when they centered on their characters."[41] On the other hand, The Washington Post 's Gary Arnold stated Spock's death "feels like an unnecessary twist, and the filmmakers are obviously well-prepared to fudge in case the public demands another sequel."[42]
25 years later, Spock's death in The Wrath of Khan ranks number 2 on Total Film's list of 25 greatest Star Trek movie moments,[43] and number 1 on IGN Movie's top 10 Star Trek movie moments.[44]
Zachary Quinto was cast in the role of a young alternate-timeline Spock for the 2009 Star Trek film, directed by J. J. Abrams.[45][46] Quinto mentioned he heard about the new film and revealed his interest in the role in a December 2006 interview with the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.[47] The article was widely circulated and he attracted Abrams' interest.[48] Quinto expressed interest in the role because of the duality of Spock's half-human, half-Vulcan heritage,[49] and how the character "is constantly exploring that notion of how to evolve in a responsible way and how to evolve in a respectful way. I think those are all things that we as a society, and certainly the world, could implement."[50]
Nimoy subsequently befriended Quinto. Although Quinto watched some episodes of the show during breaks in filming, Nimoy was his main resource in playing Spock.[51]
From early on, the public reacted very positively – even fanatically – to Spock. Headshots of Spock became popular fan souvenirs, with the rare ones of the actor laughing the most valuable.[52] To Nimoy's great surprise, Spock became a sex symbol,[53] and teenagers asked questions about current events such as the Vietnam War and LSD as if he were the Vulcan scientist.[54] A fan even asked the actor to lay his hands on a friend's eyes to heal them.[55] Nimoy recalled, more than a decade after the show's cancellation:
The "Star Trek" phenomenon continues to amaze and confound me. It was incredible, and it still is, although it is gentler now than it used to be. For a time, it was hysterical – it was so wild I had to be very careful where I went. If I went to a restaurant, I had to plan my entrances and my exits so I wouldn't be mobbed and hurt. Same thing in hotels and airports – any public place. It isn't that hysterical any more, but it is still a potent force.[56]
NASA made Spock an informal mascot of the space agency. Nimoy was invited to be guest of honor at the March 1967 National Space Club dinner and to take an extensive tour of the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD. The actor concluded from the warm and intense reception he received that astronauts like John Glenn and aerospace industry engineers, secretaries, and shareholders alike all regarded Star Trek, and especially the character of Spock, as a "dramatization of the future of their space program".[10]
The character proved inspirational to many budding scientists and engineers. Nimoy has said that many of them, on meeting him, are eager to show him their work and discuss it with him as if he were a scientific peer, as opposed to an actor, photographer, and poet. His stock response in these situations is "it certainly looks like you're headed in the right direction".[57]
In 2004, Spock was ranked number 21 in Bravo's list of The 100 Greatest TV Characters.[58] In 2008, UGO named Spock one of the 50 greatest TV characters.[59] According to Shatner, much of Star Trek 's acting praise and media interest went to Nimoy.[60]
Star Trek (2009)[edit]
The Boston Globe described Quinto's performance in the 2009 film as "something special", and stated that Nimoy's appearance "carries much more emotion than you'd expect".[61] Slate.com said Quinto played Spock "with a few degrees more chill" than Nimoy brought to the original character.[62] Entertainment Weekly said that Quinto "... invests Spock with a new layer of chilly-smoldering sex appeal, [and] Quinto does a fantastic job of maintaining Spock's calm, no-sweat surface but getting quietly hot and bothered underneath."[63]
Cultural impact[edit]
Spock has been parodied by, and has also been the inspiration for, pop culture works in various media. Composer/keyboardist George Duke's 1976 Solo Keyboard Album features two tracks which pay homage to Spock: "Spock Gets Funky" and "Vulcan Mind Probe". Rock guitarist Paul Gilbert wrote the song "Mr. Spock" on his Space Ship One album. Swedish synthpop band S.P.O.C.K makes music heavily influenced by the Star Trek universe. Even Nimoy got in on the act; assuming the Spock character, Nimoy recorded a number of novelty songs, the first being "Highly Illogical", in which Spock pointed out the foibles of human thought, such as relationships, automobiles, and greed. The second song, "A Visit to a Sad Planet", was darker in tone and told the story of Spock visiting Earth in the future and discovering it had been ruined by war, violence, and environmental irresponsibility. According to comic book writer and editor Bob Budiansky, The Transformers character Shockwave was inspired by Spock.[64] Spock's utilitarian perspective that "the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few"[65] is cited in a legal decision rendered by the Texas Supreme Court.[66]
Spock's physical appearance in the Original Series episode "Mirror, Mirror" (1967) has itself spawned a trope of the "evil twin" archetype found in various fictional genres. In that episode, several members of the Enterprise travel to a parallel universe inhabited by evil versions of themselves. The parallel universe version of Spock is distinguished physically by his goatee.[67] Science fiction blog io9 said that Spock's beard in the episode introduced "the best shorthand ever for evil parallel universe duplicates".[68] Examples of the evil goatee's appearances in other media include Bender's "evil twin" Flexo in Futurama and a 2009 episode of The Colbert Report featuring Stephen Colbert and Dan Maffei wearing fake goatees while pretending to be evil versions of themselves.[69] The name of progressive rock band Spock's Beard is a direct reference to Spock's goatee in this episode.[70]
Fan productions[edit]
In addition to television, feature films, books, and parodies, Spock has also been portrayed in fan fiction. Since 2004, the online fan production Star Trek: Phase II has continued the further voyages of the cancelled initial series. The fan-series' creators feel "Kirk, Spock, McCoy, and the rest should be treated as 'classic' characters like Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman, Gandalf from Lord of the Rings, or even Hamlet, Othello, or Romeo. Many actors have and can play the roles, each offering a different interpretation of said character."[71]
Spock was portrayed by Jeffrey Quinn for the first three episodes of Star Trek: Phase II. Brandon Stacy, who succeeded Jeffrey Quinn and Ben Tolpin in portraying Spock, also served as a stand-in for Zachary Quinto in the 2009 Star Trek film.[72]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Okuda, Mike; Okuda, Denise; Debbie Mirek (1999). The Star Trek Encyclopedia. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-53609-5.
- ^ a b Weeks, Adam (July 25, 2007). "Zachary Quinto Is Spock". Moviehole.net.[dead link]
- ^ a b Mike Johnson and Tim Jones (writers), David Messina (artist) (2009). Star Trek: Countdown. IDW Publishing. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-60010-420-6.
- ^ a b c d e Asherman, Alan (May 1, 1993). The Star Trek Compendium. New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-671-79612-9.
- ^ "Star Trek Spock". Startrek.com. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
- ^ a b c Nemeck, Larry (January 7, 2003). Star Trek: The Next Generation Companion. Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-7434-5798-9.
- ^ a b Burr, Ty (May 5, 2009). "Star Trek". The Boston Globe. p. 1. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
- ^ Jensen, Jeff (October 18, 2008). "'Star Trek': New Movie, New Vision". Entertainment Weekly. p. 4. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
- ^ Abrams, J.J. (Director) (2009). Star Trek (Film). United States: Paramount Pictures.
- ^ a b Whitfield, Stephen E.; Gene Roddenberry (September 1968). The Making of Star Trek. Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-27638-4.
- ^ (Dillard 1994, p. 6)
- ^ a b (Alexander 1988, pp. 230–231)
- ^ Whitfield, Stephen E.; Gene Roddenberry (September 1968). The Making of Star Trek. Ballantine Books. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-345-27638-4.
- ^ Rioux, Terry Lee (2005). From Sawdust to Stardust: The Biography of DeForest Kelley, Star Trek's Dr. McCoy. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-7434-5762-5.
- ^ Asherman, Allan (1988). The Star Trek Interview Book. Pocket Books. p. 43. ISBN 0-671-61794-X.
- ^ Lee Speigel (11/30/11). "Gene Roddenberry's Son Reveals Unhappy 'Star Trek' Family Life". Huffington Post. Check date values in:
- ^ Alexander, 227–228.
- ^ (Dillard 1994, p. 10)
- ^ Hickman, Martin (November 18, 2002). "It's the final frontier as Mr Spock's ears are put on sale for £2, 000". The Independent (UK). Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- ^ Brian Pendreigh (7 September 2001). "Obituary:John Chambers: Make-up master responsible for Hollywood's finest space-age creatures". The Guardian. Retrieved Feb 27, 2013.
- ^ "Robert Justman – Co-Producer Co-Creator of Star Trek". BBC. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
- ^ Okuda, text commentary for Star Trek VI.
- ^ (Dillard 1994, p. 13)
- ^ (Dillard 1994, p. 15)
- ^ de Marneffe, Peter (2003). "An Objection to Attitudinal Hedonism". Philosophical Studies (Springer Netherlands) 115 (2): 197–200. doi:10.1023/A:1025030803776.
- ^ "Star Trek's ex-chief movie praise". BBC. June 2, 2009. Retrieved August 28, 2009.
The Mr Spock character was 20% created by Gene Roddenberry, 20% created by me and 60% created by Leonard Nimoy
- ^ Pfefferman, Naomi (December 4, 2003). "Bimah Me Up, Scotty!". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles (Tribe Media Corp.). Retrieved May 3, 2011.
- ^ a b c Roddenberry, Gene (April 18, 1968), Kirk, Spock and Other Continuing STAR TREK Characters (memo)
- ^ Rioux, 243.
- ^ a b The Making of Star Trek 2: The Wrath of Khan, by Allan Asherman, Pocket Books, 1982.
- ^ Dillard, 77.
- ^ Nimoy, Leonard. I Am Spock. Hyperion, 1996.
- ^ a b c "Spock dies – but wait! He'll be back!". Eugene Register-Guard. AP. June 3, 1982. p. 1D. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ Anderson, Nancy (July 4, 1982). "Trekkies wrath worse than Khan's". The Evening News. Copley News Service. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
- ^ Robinson, Ben (editor) (September 2002). "Special 'The Wrath of Khan' Issue". Star Trek: The Magazine (Fabbri Publishing) 3 (5).
- ^ a b Meyer, Nicholas (August 6, 2002). Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, The Directors Edition: Audio commentary (DVD; Disc 1/2). Paramount Pictures.
- ^ Rioux, 248.
- ^ Rioux, 249.
- ^ Boucher, Geoff. "Leonard Nimoy riffs on William Shatner, George Lucas and ... Jimi Hendrix?" Los Angeles Times, June 12, 2010.
- ^ "'Star Trek' fans accept Spock death". The Montreal Gazette. UPI. May 10, 1982. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (January 1, 1982). "Review: Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
- ^ Arnold, Gary (June 4, 1982). "Cashing in on the Spock market; 'Star Trek II' shows little enterprise". The Washington Post. p. D1.
- ^ White, James. "The 25 Greatest Star Trek Movie Moments". Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Collura, Scott. "Top 10 Star Trek Movie Moments". IGN. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Owen, Rob (July 24, 2007). "Pittsburgh native to play Spock in new "Star Trek"". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.[dead link]
- ^ Pascale, Anthony (July 26, 2007). "Abrams Confirms Zachary Quinto and Leonard Nimoy". Trekmovie.com.
- ^ Owen, Rob (December 3, 2006). "TV Preview: Pittsburgh native Quinto is face of 'Heroes' villain". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Anthony Pascale (May 5, 2009). "Interview with Zachary Quinto". TrekMovie.com. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ Jeff Jensen (October 24, 2008). "'Star Trek': New Movie, New Vision". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ^ Anthony Pascale (April 14, 2008). "Grand Slam XVI: Two Spocks Rock The House". TrekMovie.com. Retrieved April 15, 2008.
- ^ "WonderCon 09: Star Trek Panel Detailed Report & Pictures". TrekMovie.com. February 28, 2009. Retrieved March 1, 2009.
- ^ Shult, Doug (July 3, 1972). "Cult Fans, Reruns Give 'Star Trek' an Out of This World Popularity". Milwaukee Journal. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
- ^ Kleiner, Dick (December 4, 1967). "Mr. Spock's Trek To Stardom". Warsaw Times-Union (Warsaw, Indiana). Newspaper Enterprise Association. p. 7. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
- ^ "Rumors of Cancelation Stirs 'Star Trek' Fans to Protest". Victoria Advocate (Victoria, Texas). February 8, 1968. pp. 7B. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
- ^ Michaels, Marguerite (December 10, 1978). "A Visit to Star Trek's Movie Launch". Parade. Retrieved May 2, 2011.[dead link]
- ^ Kleiner, Dick (June 17, 1982). "Still Spock after all these years: Nimoy really loves the Trekkies". Williamson Daily News. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Angier, Natalie (February 28, 2011). "Natalie Portman, Oscar Winner, Was Also a Precocious Scientist". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
- ^ "Bravo > 100 Greatest TV Characters". Bravo. Archived from the original on July 16, 2007. Retrieved November 11, 2006.
- ^ K. Thor Jensen (November 20, 2008). "Top 50 TV Characters: We list the fifty greatest characters in television history". Top 50 TV Characters. UGO. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- ^ Shatner, William (2008). Up Till Now: The Autobiography. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-37265-1.
- ^ Burr, Ty (May 5, 2009). "Star Trek". The Boston Globe. p. 2. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
- ^ Stevens, Dana (May 6, 2009). "Go See Star Trek". Slate.com. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ Owen Gleiberman (May 9, 2009). "Why Spock rocks". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 11, 2009.
- ^ Author (September 28, 1958). "Bob Budiansky in Interrogative Forum". Rustingcarcass.yuku.com. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
- ^ Greenwald, Marilyn S.; Joseph Bernt (2000). The big chill: investigative reporting in the current media environment. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 125.
- ^ Robinson v. Crown Cork & Seal, Supreme Court of Texas No. 06-0714 (2008). supreme.courts.state.tx.us. Retrieved April 2, 2011
- ^ "Top 40 Reasons Why We Love Star Trek". Retrieved April 13, 2009.
- ^ Wilkins, Alasdair (December 26, 2011). "Ten plotlines you'll find in science fiction – over and over again". io9. Gawker Media. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
- ^ "Better Know a District – New York's 25th – Dan Maffei". The Colbert Report. Season 5. April 7, 2009. Comedy Central.
- ^ Miguel Farah (September 23, 2102). "Spock's Beard Frequently Asked Questions List". Check date values in:
- ^ "Star Trek: Phase II About".[dead link]
- ^ Pascale, Anthony (November 18, 2008). "FanMade: Phase II Announces "Blood and Fire" Release + Casts a New Spock". Trekmovie.com. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- Asherman, Allan (1988). The Star Trek Interview Book. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-61794-X.
- Dillard, J. M. (1994). Star Trek: "Where No Man Has Gone Before" – A History in Pictures. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-51149-1.
- Rioux, Terry Lee (2005). From Sawdust to Stardust: The Biography of DeForest Kelley. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-7434-5762-5.
External links[edit]
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Star Trek: The Original Series
- Spock at StarTrek.com
- Spock at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
- Fictional commanders
- Fictional diplomats
- Fictional scientists
- Star Trek (film franchise) characters
- Star Trek hybrids
- Star Trek: The Next Generation characters
- Star Trek: The Original Series characters
- Star Trek: The Animated Series characters
- Vulcans
- Starfleet officers
- Fictional extraterrestrial–human hybrids
- Starfleet lieutenant commanders
- Starfleet commanders
- Starfleet captains
- Fictional characters introduced in 1966


text:
How to Find Your Next Photography Adventure
Photos by Michael Bonocore Photography
As we approach the high point of the summer season, we hope that all of you out there are making the most of the long hours and the beautiful light!
But the idea of "traveling with camera" falls somewhere between throwing a point-and-shoot into your suitcase and being hired to cover the Four Seasons' grand opening. So how do you pack without going overboard, or avoid leaving critical stuff at home?
Travel Podcast with Michael Bonocore
Since so many of us live to take photos, we thought it'd be a good time to sit down and talk with one of our most exuberant and well-journeyed friends, Michael Bonocore, about the art of travel. You've probably already seen him on Google+, our forums or at a live event, but he also spends his time around the world guiding others to better photos and better giving through The Giving Lens.
In our podcast, he tells us more about his travels and how to balance being on the road with having the gear you need. Learn about:
- What specific things should photographers think about when planning their next adventure?
- Do you really need insurance?
- Is it terrible to put your camera in checked baggage?
- Besides the camera, what is the most important thing you should take?
- What are the best ways to keep photos organized while you're not at home?
Have a listen now on iTunes and start preparing for your next adventure. Safe travels, and don't forget to capture and share your summer memories!
How Gary Arndt Does Everything, Everywhere
If you're a longtime follower of our blog, the name Gary Arndt may ring a bell. We featured him in 2010 and he inspired many of us to follow our dreams, explore the horizon and take more photos. Gary's still traveling the world and taking photos from all corners of the planet. As you're dreaming of faraway lands and maybe even planning your annual vacation, here are a few tips Gary shared about how to efficiently pack, travel and share all the photos you take when you're not at home.
Photos by Everything, Everywhere
How did you get your start as a full-time travel blogger?
I made the decision to travel around the world in October 2005 and began my blog one year later in October 2006. I sold my home in March 2007 and have been traveling around the world ever since.
My blog began as a way to document my trip for my friends and family and sort of just grew into something more over time. I made a decision in late 2007 to take it seriously and to see if I could turn it into a business, which I now have.
How many places do you visit in an average year?
The number of places I'll visit in an average year can vary and it also depends on how you define a place. 2013 has been very busy for me. So far this year I've been to 17 countries and I'll probably be in around 35 by the time the year is over. I'm currently at the beginning of a 3-month trip to visit all the countries and territories in the Lesser Antilles.
This is a dream most of us consider at some point in our lives, but you've found success. How did you do it?
I promote my site whatever way I can. I do many interviews online and off. I've had my work appear online on sites like OutsideOnline.com, The Today Show and FourHourWorkWeek.com. Mostly people discover me via social media channels like Twitter and Facebook.
Most people are fascinated by my lifestyle before they ever see one of my images or read one of my articles. Simply having traveled for so long and having been to so many places is the biggest hook for people.
As far as recognition, I've won many mainstream travel journalism awards for my photography and for blogging. I won a Lowell Thomas Award last year for Photo Illustration of Travel (placing behind the New York Times), a Northern Lights Award for Photography of Canada (placing behind National Geographic) as well as many North American Travel Journalist Association awards and recently a SMITTY Award for my use of social media by Travel + Leisure Magazine.
Tip time: What's in the travel blogger's survival kit?
The bare minimum for me is my SRL, laptop and an iPhone. The iPhone gives me the ability to post images while I'm out and about. The SLR and laptop should be pretty obvious.
I also have an iPad, Kindle Paperwhite, and 2 USB hard drives. Over the last 6 years it has actually gotten easier from a technical standpoint. Many of the devices I used to carry with me have all been condensed into my iPhone ( GPS, video camera, point and shoot camera, wifi detector, audio recorder, microphone, etc)
How do you manage files on the road? For example, what storage systems/archiving tools do you use ?
People often assume that I back everything up in the cloud. This isn't true. I can easily shoot several gigabytes of images a day and uploading that much data from remote places around the world is next to impossible. It is difficult to do even when I'm in the US. I have almost 2TB of images now and I'm not in one place long enough to do that sort of upload.
I have 2, 2TB USB hard drives that I carry with me. I keep them in two separate bags in case one should get lost or stolen. I keep a copy of everything on each drive.
I also have several hard drives at my mothers house. When I visit her, which I do about 2-3 times per year, I copy everything to those drives as well so I have copies in at least 2 locations.
By the time I outgrow my 2TB drives, there should be portable 3, 4 or 5 TB drives available. I upload only my edited jpegs to SmugMug. Those I consider my finished product. I obviously worry about my original RAW images, but so long as my finished jpegs are there, the world won't come to an end.
I don't think my system is fool proof or the best possible, but it has worked for me so far. I hope the day isn't too far away when global bandwidth is big enough and cloud storage is cheap enough that it would be viable for what I do.
Do you shoot at the full resolution of your camera or do you use one of the lower ones to save space? Do you take your photos with the intent to sell big prints?
I shoot everything in RAW. When I began traveling I shot in jpeg and it was a horrible decision. Storage has gotten so cheap that I can not see the point in shooting in anything less than full resolution. I don't shoot with the intent of selling prints, but I do always have that option by shooting in RAW.
Have you lost any images over the years?
Amazingly enough, I don't know of any images that I've lost. I've been very careful about my data storage. When I started traveling, I was backing up my photos to DVD and an old iPod that I had. It was a horrible solution. I remember spending 2 days in Melbourne burning dozens of DVD's and having to send them back to the US in a big box. I am amazed I haven't lost anything from my early travels.
How do you deal with needing internet access in remote locations?
I seldom have a problem finding internet. As I am writing this, I'm on one of the lesser populated outer islands in the Bahamas, and the bandwidth here is fine. I've spent thousands of nights in hotels now and I've become an expert in maximizing my connection. Where in the room I can get the best signal, when to go down to the lobby or when I have to head to Starbucks or McDonald's. I also have a global Boingo account which lets me log on to wifi hotspots all around the world.
What are your essential photo editing tools?
I currently have a 15″ MacBook Pro Retina and use Lightroom 5.0, and occasionally Photoshop CS6. I also sometimes use SilverFX Pro and Photomatix.
Since you've been on the road for 6 years, has your camera changed much?
I began with a Nikon D200 and a 18-200mm lens. Today I use the exact same lens and have upgraded the body to a Nikon D300s.
The Nikon 18-200mm VR lens is far and away the most versatile lens on the market. I can take it out for the day without knowing what I'll be shooting and be reasonably covered for both wide angle and close-up shots. It isn't the 'best' lens on the market, but it is usually the only thing I need when I leave my hotel room.
I've stuck with a crop sensor camera for reasons of weight. The crop sensor lenses are smaller and lighter than full frame lenses. Size and weight is very important to me as I have to carry all my equipment with me all the time.
In addition to the 18-200mm lens, I also carry a 12-24mm lens and a 50mm f/1.4. I probably use those lenses for less than 5% of my shots. I have also rented lenses on occasions. During my trip to South Georgia Island and Antarctica last year, I rented a 500mm lens which was a fantastic decision.
I also have a lightweight carbon fiber tripod from Oben and my camera bag is from Timbuk2. I also use a BlackRapid shoulder strap.
Does your safety (or safety of equipment) ever affect your workflow, what you bring, or how you work?
Not really. I have never had anything stolen and I don't worry too much about theft. I take common sense precautions and usually never leave anything expensive in my room when I am not around. I keep a minimal amount of gear with me, so I'm not as worried as some people might be if they were on a big photo shoot. I have older camera bodies, lenses and laptops at my mother's house should I ever need a backup.
So, tell us Can you outline your workflow, start to finish?
1) I take the image.
2) Copy images from the camera to my laptop.
3) Copy images from laptop to my 2 backup hard drives.
4) Edit the images on my laptop.
5) Upload the edited images to SmugMug.
6) Delete edited images on laptop.
That last step is sort of controversial. Basically, images on my laptop are my to do list. As I finish images, I remove them to clear up space. I don't have a permanent catalog for Lightroom like some people do. This system I developed years ago when my laptop hard drive space was scarce. I also don't want to have to bring my USB hard drive out every single time I edit photos, as I often do it when I can find time in cafes or on airplanes.
Again, I'm not saying this is the best system, but it is the one that I use.
We hope that all of you – everywhere, anywhere – find a little inspiration to capture and share the moments of your life. Safe travels, and don't forget to check out the rest of our Photography Perspectives series!
Photography Perspectives: Underwater Wildlife with Scubazoo
We're halfway through this orbit around the sun and to those of us in the northern hemisphere, that means it's time to grab your towel and hit the beach. In the spirit of the ocean, we browsed through Scubazoo's incredible collection of underwater photos and videos and were taken aback by the magical beauty of life beneath the waves. How does Scubazoo do it, and what kind of gear does it take? What's the market for underwater photography? Scubazoo photographer Jason Isley graciously shared a look at how they get that incredible footage.
All photos by Scubazoo
So, who and what exactly is Scubazoo?
Scubazoo is a video production, location management and publication company based in Borneo. Over the past 15 years Scubazoo has managed locations for more than 125 hours of programming within SE Asia for international broadcast. Scubazoo's cameramen have filmed on upwards of 150 programs from natural history blockbusters such as BBC's LIFE and Human Planet to hit reality shows like Survivor & The Amazing Race. The Publication department has a number of world class photographers working on various assignments throughout the year and a great editorial team in the office. Scubazoo have provided images to hundreds of magazines and books and have also published several high-quality coffee table books, selling over 200,000 copies internationally.
As a serious photographer as well as a serious diver, what's in your kit bag? What does a professional setup for underwater photography look like?
It's not advisable to try and change lenses underwater so, in order to handle macro and wide angle subjects I might encounter, I usually take two setups down with me. For the macro setup I use a Nikon D700 with an AF-Micro Nikkor 60mm f2.8 or an AF Micro-Nikkor 105mm f/2.8D. The wide angle kit consists of a Nikon D800 DSLR with a Nikkor 17-35mm f/2.8 and a Nikon AF 16mm f/2.8 D Fisheye. Both cameras are housed in Nauticam underwater housings. These give me access to every control on the camera and are rated to 100m. Each housing will have two strobes connected by a fibre optic cable and attached with ultralight arms. I use the Inon Z-240's as they are light and extremely portable and I also usually carry lots of other gadgets like snoots, flourescent filters, wet diopters etc. If I can, I'll employ a local dive guide to help spot critters and carry the extra setup.
All the usual scuba gear is used – a tank, weight belt, buoyancy compensation device (BCD) and regulator and also wetsuits to extend my bottom time. Even in tropical waters it can get a little chilly!
What has been your most frightening underwater encounter?
During my filming days I filmed the sardine run in South Africa which is basically a massive feeding frenzy including dolphins, sharks, seals etc and that was a certainly a little hairy. However, the most frightening encounter must be the one with a 4.5m salt water crocodile that literally walked all over me underwater.
Which came first, diving or photography?
I didn't start diving until I was 25 so the photography certainly came first. When I was 15 I use to play with my father's camera kit and tried to photograph birds in the garden.
Are there any other underwater projects you've worked on?
I have worked on many assignments shooting amazing creatures in different exotic locations, however the project that seems to have gained the largest following must be the miniature people series I started back in 2011. The project is based on a futuristic scenario where the planet is completely underwater and the people are living and breathing underwater, I use miniature people to create scenes with the marine life.
Out of all the places you've been, what wins the prize as your most exotic locale?
I'm based in SE Asia which is about as exotic as it gets, however I have certainly been based in some extremely remote locations for long periods of time which can definitely effect your sanity. Myself and one of my colleagues lived in a remote village in Indonesia and spent everyday sat opposite each other under the beating sun in a tiny dug-out canoe for three weeks tracking leatherback turtles.
The coldest location was Newfoundland and Hudson Bay in Canada looking for Beluga whales, that trip really confirmed I am not a big fan of cold water diving!
There's a ton of life under the seas. What is your favorite subject?
Sharks are definitely high up on the list, however you certainly get more of an encounter with dolphins and whales as they appear to be interested in you sometimes. I don't have a specific favourite subject as I like diversity and think it improves your photography to change subjects and try different styles.
Who are Scubazoo's customers?
Scubazoo have two large online libraries, one for video and one for photography and we also have regular agents that we provide our images to. I also write articles for dive, adventure and travel magazines but we are really trying to expand our publications department and publish a couple of books each year. One of the books currently in production is for a large resort company and we are shooting all the wildlife and landscapes around their resorts throughout South East Asia.
What kind of equipment, training, workshops, locations, etc., would you recommend to people looking to test the waters, so to speak, in underwater photography?
I would strongly suggest a course with one of the leading underwater photographers that operate locally wherever you're based. It will rapidly improve your technique. Underwater photography equipment can be quite expensive because you need all the extras to house the camera and underwater strobes, etc. You may want to consider looking for a 2nd hand set-up to start with. There are some great underwater photography sites with plenty of people giving advice and also selling old kits that you can use to get started.
With that, we hope that all of you get your opportunity to take great photos wherever you end up on holiday. Stay safe in the waves, and check out our Photography Perspectives series if you're looking for some light beach reading! :)
Quit Your Job and Run For the Hills: Ron Coscorrosa Speaks Out
The open road, sweet mountain air, and being alone in nature. As photographers, don't we all dream about living the nomad's life? If you're like us, the thought probably pops up every now and then but most of us don't actually take the leap and do it. One of our long time friends and Digital Grin veterans, Ron Coscorrosa, has been a subject of extensive envy for the past 2 years. He traded his tech job and high-rise apartment to live a life of sunlight, pixels, and sleeping in his car. So we asked him to give us the skinny on what it's really like to put life aside and put photography first.
Photos by Ron Coscorrosa
I was born and raised in the Pacific Northwest, but despite being near some of the most spectacular scenery in the American West didn't pick up a dSLR until 2005, when I was tired of crappy image quality of my point and shoot digital camera (I don't remember, but I'm pretty sure it had a floppy drive and a resolution of 6×4 pixels). It turned out that buying a better camera only made the bad photos larger, not better. Deterred by this sad realization, the camera and some expensive lenses sat unused in my closet until finally overwhelming guilt forced me to start using them more (this process took years). Eventually photography and traveling to beautiful places became a passion, to the point where I quit my software development job in the summer of 2011 in order to travel and photograph full time for approximately two years, without any distractions and without trying to generate an income. During my travels I met my girlfriend and gifted nature photographer Sarah Marino and moved from Seattle to Denver to be with her, and since then we have spent the last eighteen months traveling and photographing together extensively.
You've done something extraordinarily brave, something many of us wish we had the gumption to do: Quitting your day job to spend two years doing photography. Was that a hard decision to make? Did you agonize for a long time, or was it spontaneous and immediate?
It wasn't a hard decision to make, nor particularly brave (at least to me). The hard part was in coming to the realization that there was actually a decision to make, that I didn't have to live the normal life of working nearly fifty years straight until retirement when at last I would be liberated from the shackles of employment and free to enjoy life fully (assuming I was still alive and still healthy). After thinking about it for a few days, it no longer made any sense for me to continue the path I was on, and I was fortunate to have the financial flexibility to quit my job and be on the road within a few weeks of making the decision to leave.
By that point in my life I was heavily into photography yet not particularly good. I wanted to be able to dedicate myself to photography and pursue it absolutely free of distractions to see where I would end up. So having an alternative to work (in my case travel and photography) was definitely crucial to making the decision. I also didn't want to be distracted by earning an income or trying to generate money via photography, I just wanted to do it for the sake of doing it itself.
What gear do you need to get the shots that you take? Do you pack differently if you're traveling domestically vs internationally?
My preferred subjects are natural landscapes, both large and small (including macro and abstract subjects). I used to photograph wildlife, cityscapes, and some other subjects as well but felt I needed to narrow my focus to try and be good at something rather than mediocre at everything.
Currently I'm using a Canon 6D as my primary camera, with a series of rotating lenses (all Canon) including a 14 prime, 17-40, 24-70, 70-200 f/4, 100 macro, and 100-400, all subject to change pending future insurance claims.
I don't distinguish between foreign and domestic travel as much as traveling by car or traveling by plane. If by car (my preferred choice, though it doesn't work so well over oceans or apparently on I-5 over the Skagit river in Washington state) then everything will come. If traveling by plane, I typically won't bring things like backpacking packs, extra food (unless it's Iceland, where $3 gas station hot dogs get old after a few weeks when nothing else is open in winter), extra boots, etc. For both types of travel I will bring backup camera bodies and tripods, as inevitably something will fail on a trip and securing a replacement is a hassle that has potential to interrupt photography.
How has your gear held up to your adventure? Is it true that you buy tripods in bulk?
My gear hasn't held up at all, which is typical for landscape photographers who are in the elements (salt water, sand of various types, fresh water, waterfall spray, rain, and extreme temperature variances). I've had more experiences with Canon's repair department than I care to recount. I'm on my third camera in two years. I have three tripods and none of them are fully functional (though I haven't bought any in three years, it's now getting to the point of ridiculousness and I may have to buy one soon). The only pieces of gear I can actually recommend are my RRS plates and ballheads.
Most of my gear failures are from gradual wear and tear in the elements rather than single dramatic incidents. One exception would be one of my aforementioned tripods which had a leg severed by an incoming iceberg on a beach in Iceland. Fortunately my own legs are of higher quality than my tripod's legs and I remained unscathed.
If you consider your car gear, and I do, it's held up fairly well despite 80,000 miles in two years and continual driving on roads that it is ill suited for, including numerous drives to the Racetrack in Death Valley, sliding down wet clay roads in the San Juan mountains in Colorado after a thunderstorm, going high speed over a rock disguised as sagebrush at Toroweap in the Grand Canyon and impaling the gas tank, driving twenty miles in slick mud near Escalante, Utah after an afternoon snow melt, navigating down steep rock shelves at Marlboro Point in the Canyonlands, and, the most expensive, getting stuck in deep mud on a remote desert playa two and a half hours from the nearest towing company.
You've spent the last two years doing crazy things like living out of your car so you can be in the right place for a sunrise shoot. What's the best thing to come of it? What's the worst aspect of it? Would you keep doing so if you could afford to, indefinitely?
For some reason, sleeping in a car brings much more scrutiny than sleeping in a tent (a more societally accepted form of cheap lodging), but to me, car sleeping is clearly superior in every way (save for backpacking, where sleeping in the car is not an option for obvious reasons).
It is more comfortable (especially with a twin foam mattress in the back), takes less time to set up and disassemble (in that it doesn't take any time), can be used in noisy and windy environments, and comes with a full heating and cooling system. It is also more flexible, given there are always more roads than there are camping areas and none of them require a reservation in advance. It also allows me to be nearer to where I want to photograph for sunrise, letting me sleep longer.
There are some downsides, including questionable legality in certain places (though it rarely is an issue if you're in after sunset and out before sunrise), occasional lack of public restrooms, and lack of showers. If the choice is between showers and photography, photography always wins. If it's between showers and sleep, sleep usually wins. Apologies to any member of the general public that we may have came across while in the midst of a long photography trip…
If I had infinite resources I would still travel and sleep in the car because the main motivating factor is convenience and not to save money, though I'm sure the car would be a lot better!
You don't sell your work. In fact, you don't take measures to protect it – it's out there for all to see, enjoy and use. What's your philosophy about that? What is your philosophy about taking photos in general and sharing them on the web?
Actually that's not entirely true, all my work is copyrighted and can only be legally used with my permission. It is true that I do not watermark images and would never consider doing so. There are so many elements that go into making a compelling photograph that ruining it with an excessive or distracting watermark seems to undo the entire point of taking the photo to begin with. Measures such as right-click protecting images will only deter the lazy, as those with even limited technical savvy can download any image that is displayed in a web browser.
I do not sell my images or prints not because I'm against doing so in principle, but because I would currently rather spend my time on photography and travel. Sarah and I are writing a few location guide e-books that should be out by mid summer, but other than that I don't have any immediate plans to sell my work or make money from my photography.
As for sharing images online, I do it all the time, mainly to tell stories of the places I've been and show people what I'm photographing. I'm not a big fan of the quid-pro-quo culture of many online photo-sharing or social media sites where the goal seems to be to solicit praise or get attention rather than engage in any meaningful dialog (some of which may be critical of the image being shared). I have met a lot of photographers online who have since become friends in real life, and that wouldn't have been possible before, though I do wish there was less ego-stroking and more thoughtful discussion in general.
If you could sustain your lifestyle through photography sales and keep doing what you're doing, would that change your perspective on image protection/pricing?
I don't actually believe I can sustain my lifestyle through photography sales, as my lifestyle currently doesn't involve spending any time marketing or selling photos. There may come a time when I believe that spending a little time on marketing and selling, or conducting photo workshops, would be worth the larger payoff of being able to do photography full time (which would be a different but possibly acceptable lifestyle), but right now I'm enjoying the flexibility and freedom of being able to photograph whatever I want, whenever I want.
After completely submerging yourself in photography, are you 'photo-ed out' or are you still passionate? Are you planning on going back to work?
I am definitely still passionate but my priorities have shifted since I began. I no longer feel any pressure to come away from an outing or a trip with something to show for it or feel like I'm missing out on photo or travel opportunities. I am more able to take risks and be comfortable if they don't pan out because I still have a gigantic and overwhelming backlog of photos I've barely even looked at. I'm much more interested in coming away with a unique or personal take than nailing an icon shot at peak conditions (though I still photograph icons occasionally because they're iconic for a reason – they're inspiring beautiful places). While I am not where I want to be as a photographer (and probably never will be, and this is good!) I believe I am finally on the right path and have a vision about what I want to accomplish with my photography.
I will be going back to work before the end of the year, and plan to use that time away from extensive traveling to process more photos and possibly dust the cobwebs off of my blog or at the very least create some new cobwebs.
How far in advance do you plan your travels? Do you plan for major meteorological or astronomical events?
For domestic trips, we usually plan a few weeks in advance (though a trip to the Colorado Plateau can just as easily become a trip to Death Valley if the conditions aren't good). For international trips usually a month or more in advance. The only trip we planned for meteorological events was a March trip to Iceland in order to see the aurora (which we were able to witness several times and it is an amazing spectacle that deserves to be seen in person) Once we are on a trip, we go wherever we feel like going. There are so many random variables that one cannot plan for (weather, clouds, foliage, general conditions) so I feel it is better to be flexible and react to what's there rather than follow a strict itinerary.
You've got a dedicated group of friends in your social circles, but what's your philosophy about shooting or traveling in groups?
I am lucky that I found a partner in Sarah who is equally passionate about photography and likes to photograph the same subject matter as I do. Photographing together enhances our individual experiences and there is almost zero conflict or friction (and though we are often at the same location our photos are always quite a bit different). Once you start photographing with more than three people I personally believe that you are compromising on photography in favor of being social (which is fine, if that's what you are trying to do). Some areas and locations are just not conducive to small groups let alone large ones (and large photo workshops in these areas are annoying and in my opinion irresponsible). The idea of a "photo walk" is absurd to me. It's a social outing; it has nothing to do with photography. So I prefer to photograph with Sarah and occasionally with one or two more people, but beyond that it's too crowded. Photography to me is personal, not social.
What countries/areas are next on your hit list?
For foreign locations, Norway, Scotland, New Zealand, and Patagonia are near the top, but I'm just as happy in re-visiting old locations with a new eye or with different conditions or seasons. One could spend their entire lifetime in, say, Death Valley, and still only scratch the surface of what's there. I'm not really in favor of hitting the landscape photography destination circuit like I was a few years ago. There's plenty to photograph almost everywhere.
If you've enjoyed this guest post, don't forget about the other posts in our Photography Perspectives series! We love hearing from photographers from all walks of life, and hope you do, too.
How to Succeed at Being a World Traveler (and other useful tricks you'll learn at a SMUG)
You may already be off on your winter vacation, but we thought it was well worth sharing this amazing presentation at Austin, TX's SmugMug User Group: John Langford and his two-year, completely solo, around-the-world Rompin' Stompin' Circus of Love Extended World Tour.
James captivated his way-larger-than-expected audience with his beautiful photos, engaging stories and his advice on how to live in the moment when on your own soul-searching trek.
Check out the latest on our SMUGs blog and be sure to get the most out of your next adventure, whether you find yourself in New York or New Delhi.
(And don't forget to sign up for our virtual SMUGs for webinars, tips and more!)
Originally posted on The SMUGS Blog:
The Austin SMUG welcomed John Langford, a successful commercial, advertising, and editorial photographer, to their SMUG. Two years ago he decided he wanted to travel the world with a camera. He sold everything he owned and embarked on a journey around the globe that he dubbed "The Rompin' Stompin' Circus of Love Extended World Tour." His travels have taken through over 20 countries, and the Austin SMUG was lucky enough to have him speak during a brief layover in Austin before he heads out for another year of world travel. There was so much interest in this SMUG event that our meeting had to be moved to a larger facility. Even then, it was almost standing room only at the First Universalist Unitarian Church in Austin with over 225 people in attendance.
John's story is intriguing and exciting. He literally sold all of his possessions and was down to…
View original 604 more words
SmugMug Success Stories: Awais Yaqub Photographic
The Globalist: Promoting Cultural Understanding in Living Color
Name: Awais Yaqub
Position/Title: Owner/Principal
Name of Company: Awais Yaqub | Photographic
Location: Islamabad, Pakistan
Market: Fine Art, Landscape, Travel
Bragworthy Factoid: Winning CIO's 2010 Best Photo Blog Award
Website: www.awaisyaqub.com
SmugMugger Since: 2005
Career Highlights…
- Getting his first camera, a Sony Cybershot, in 2004
- Accepting his first pro assignments in 2007
- Seeing his work featured in galleries around the world
Fave Features…
- Beautiful portfolio design
- Unlimited customization
- Ease of use
- European lab for printing
- One-click sharing to social media
- Community and customer support
- Photo display and full-screen viewing optimization
- Watermarks and print marks
He means business
Yaqub may be the most visually driven MBA on earth. Obsessed with beautiful magazine and book images from childhood, he eventually co-opted his father's ancient SLR, using it even without film (he shares a laugh over the dead bug they were never able to remove from the viewfinder). While continuing his education in Islamabad, he formally began his photography career in 2004 with a small Sony Cybershot. "There were no photo communities or schools in my city where I could learn, so the Internet became my source," he says. "My learning curve was steep as I never went to art school." That didn't stop this determined shutterbug, who began taking product photos professionally in 2007 with a DSLR. Finding the pro route and its adherence to client tastes repressive, he began choosing assignments selectively, focusing instead on building his gear arsenal and experience as an amateur. The move back to amateur status ensured that "photography remains my love," he says.
SmugMug brings his world closer
Yaqub first joined SmugMug after mentors suggested it on Dgrin.com, both to showcase his work and provide safe back-up. Calling Dgrin "one of the best photography forums on the Internet," Yaqub looks to the online community for passion and great customer support. "I can get any sort of photography advice, difficult technical info or SmugMug customization tips there," he says. "SmugMug communities drive more traffic to my photo galleries and make it easy to find SmugMug photographers with similar interests." Yaqub appreciates that he can now sell and ship to an international market with ease. Beyond that, he says becoming part of the community has helped him explore the business side of photography and improved his craft, educating him on print quality and online distribution issues. "Now I try to capture each frame with a printed end product in mind," he says. "Dgrin is a platform of serious pros and learners, where I get instant technical help and inspiration.
Paying it forward in pictures
For Yaqub, photography is ultimately about sharing—sharing images, sharing views, sharing knowledge. SmugMug's one-click sharing to social media sites like Facebook and Twitter helps him fulfill that mission. "For me, there is absolutely no reason to create a photograph and keep it in cold storage. What good it would do if it was not able to spread the message, inspire someone or help someone in their learning process?" he points out. "For instance, if you look at photos of historic events, they add another dimension to perspective." In the future, Yaqub looks forward to traveling more, finding inspiring stories to document. He aims to focus on "spectacular natural and human wonders that really lift the spirit." His partner for the journey? SmugMug. "Sharing these stories with the world requires a great platform with great security, display and printing." (Yes, we're excited, too.)
Beauty is as beauty does
SmugMug's customizability has allowed Yaqub to bring the powerful esthetic seen in his work to his galleries. "SmugMug customization is this magical tool that transforms the basic look of a portfolio into something totally different, depending on the desired output," he says. Along with SmugMug's photo display and big, beautiful gallery styles, Yaqub endorses the "stretch" feature that lets galleries scale to available display size, optimizing the gallery for full-screen slideshows, which he terms "a breathtaking experience." Other feature faves: the ability to retouch photos after orders are placed and creating effects with PicMonkey when he isn't working in Photoshop. The tools SmugMug provides to safeguard his work are also important. "I can create as many watermarks as I want," he says. "I have made quite a few for different purposes." He also uses print marks to keep his work safe from alteration.
An eye for culture
Galleries in countries as diverse as Malaysia, India, the UK and the US have featured Yaqub's work. International fans tell him they appreciate the glimpses he offers into the lives of typical Pakistanis. He has developed a singular perspective, using his camera to take viewers closer to spectacular human and natural wonders—or, as he calls them, "beautiful creatures that are impossible to see with the naked eye." Yaqub points to his tendency to look at ordinary things differently as the reason his shots are memorable to admirers. "Culture is as diverse as nature," he says. "It makes our world so beautiful and lively and charming to shoot."
Love what you see? Check out our other incredible SmugMug Success Stories.
Everything, Everywhere
Introduction: Every now and then, we have the pleasure of featuring guest blog posts from members of our wide community of users. We're always delighted to see and hear about the ways you're using SmugMug to share your picture memories. We're excited to feature Gary Arndt from Everything-Everywhere.com. Four years ago, he decided to leave his job to travel around the world. He's been globetrotting, photographing and writing ever since. Here's his incredible story.
By Gary Arndt
In March 2007 I sold my house, put my possessions in storage and set out to travel around the world.
I also thought it would be neat to someday cover a wall of my house with photos taken from my trip. So on my way out of the country I purchased a camera which was way over my head: a Nikon D200.
I didn't know my aperture from my ISO. Like many people new to photography I shot everything in full auto mode, saved everything in jpeg (because it saved space on the memory card) and uploaded every image to Flickr without any post processing or selection. I had never taken a photography course or workshop and had never read a book on the subject. I knew absolutely nothing.
This is a five exposure HDR image taken in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Unlike most HDR images, I let the motion in the photo blur. I like the effect and the impression it gave of movement. Jerusalem is perhaps the most photogenic city I've visited in the world. It seemed that no matter where I turned my camera, I could capture a good image.
The first stop on my trip was Hawaii, where almost four years later I'm writing this article. You can still see the first photos I took in all their horrible glory. The composition for most of them is unspectacular and the exposure very sub-par. I've decided to leave them visible to the public as a reminder of how far I've come since the start of my travels.
Over time I started to read photography blogs and listen to photography podcasts. I began to look at my travel photos with a more critical eye and tried to understand why my good photos were good and my bad photos bad. I eventually picked up a copy of Photoshop and the readers of my website noticed small, but consistent improvements in my travel photography.
This photo was taken in a moving motor boat. I visited Rennell, one of the more remote islands in the Solomon Islands. The village I visited didn't get too many western visitors, so the kids had a great time following me around. When I left the village, the kids got in a canoe and started to follow my boat. This is the resulting photo.
In November 2007 I made the decision to start posting a photo every day on my travel blog, something which I've been doing every day now for almost three years. This was huge step for me because I had to come up with something reasonably good every day. Not every photo was going to be a home run, but I certainly had to try to not strike out. Every. Single. Day.
As photography became a bigger and bigger part of my site, I began to look for alternative photo hosting and sharing solutions. I didn't want to be limited with the size of photos I uploaded, I wanted to fully customize the look and feel of my galleries and I wanted an easier way to integrate photos into my blog. In addition, I wanted a site that was easily searchable, public in nature and could help drive traffic to my official website.
I eventually decided to move my photo hosting from Flickr to a Gallery2 installation, which I could host myself. This turned out to be a disaster. I didn't save any money because of the additional storage costs from my web host. Trying to customize Gallery2 was a nightmare and extremely expensive. Worst of all, there was no real SEO benefit to hosting my own images. Self-hosting photos turned out to be a a bigger challenge than I was willing to deal with.
This photo was taken at the Indian Holi festival in Singapore. Much of the festival involves throwing colored dye on other participants. Keeping my camera clean and dye free was a challenge as most of the participants had no problems throwing dye on a man holding an SLR.
I had heard many photographers talk about SmugMug on some of the photography forums I read, and so decided to give them a try. It turned out to be incredibly easy to import all my photos from Flickr, even with a bad Internet connection overseas. I could use my own domain name, which was the main reason why I wanted to host my own images in the first place, and with SmugMug's many sharing options, I could create images of any dimension just by modifying the URL of the photo (something I couldn't do on Flickr).
Of all the decisions I've made in blogging and photography, moving to SmugMug has been one of the best. Every week or two there are new features being released; the SmugMug elves never seems to be resting on their laurels.
Since my move I've become a personal evangelist, telling everyone I know in the travel blogging community about SmugMug. I know I've been responsible for more new SmugMug customers than my referral code would suggest! I wear my SmugMug camera strap wherever I go and make sure to tell everyone about it when they ask me what it is.
I was in Bangkok in 2010 during the redshirt protests. I went out several times to photograph the protesters. I managed to position myself one day between several thousand redshirts and several hundred police officers. The photo of a young boy with the protesters really stuck with me.
There's still a lot I want to do with my SmugMug account. My system of categories and subcategories needs some tweaking, I need to go through and properly tag my photos and at some point I'd like to hire someone to professionally customize my site. In 2011 I also hope to redesign my blog to allow readers to order prints of all my daily photos.
I can't really envision having a serious photography website without having SmugMug as the back end.
To see more of Gary's daily images subscribe to his blog and visit his SmugMug gallery. You can also get his free ebook "50 Favorite Travel Photos" by subscribing to his email newsletter

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Submit your details to download the guide
Transfers of a Going Concern can often lead to big VAT savings, especially when property is involved. Here we look at a recent case where the client was able to save cash, both in real terms and via cash flow efficiency.
www.siftmedia.co.uk - Interactive community publishing
Registered in England & Wales No. 05923499
Terms & conditions |
Privacy and cookies


text:
Photo #: NH 99700
USS Hannibal (AG-1)
In the Caribbean area, while engaged in survey work during the early 1920s.
Courtesy of the Naval Historical Foundation. Collection of LeRoy R. Horstman.
U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph.
Online Image: 76KB; 740 x 600 pixels
Click on the small photograph to prompt a larger view of the same image.
If you want higher resolution reproductions than this digital image, see: "How to Obtain Photographic Reproductions."
2 November 2004


text:
Welcome to Ambercollars.com, the home of the all natural tick repellent dog collar. These collars are guaranteed free of chemicals and are handmade in the U.S.A. Each collar is made with authentic raw amber from the Baltic Sea. The amber creates a magnetic field when it is rubbed against the dogs fur, which ticks dislike. The collar is most effective when left on at all times. The amber collar looks beautiful on your dog and will keep its effect year after year. Protect the one that protects you with our poison free tick protection amber dog collar.
Amber collars imports amber from Latvia and Lithuania. The amber from the Baltic Sea has been washed up on the beaches and collected. Amber is made of many different fossil tree resins and has to be at least 20 million years old to be authentic. Amber means electron in Greek because of its electric qualities. Each collar is unique and made with the raw amber in its natural shape, form and color. The clusters of amber in the collars are separated with rubber tubing, and the amber collar is joined with an elastic band.This is tick prevention in style.
This is Coco Chanel (3 weeks old), she was abandoned by her owners, then by her momma. She was born prematurely and was hand fed for weeks. Coco is 6 months old today and she is still very little.
Coco was cared for, around the clock, by Debbie from the New England Society for Abandoned Animals. She has found a "forever home" with Me.


text:
Document Type Master's Dissertation Author Meela, Moraba Macdonald firstname.lastname@example.com URN etd-03152010-105137 Document Title Evaluation of alien invasive weedy plants for activity against plant pathogenic fungi Degree MSc (Veterinary Science) Department Paraclinical Sciences Supervisor
Advisor Name Title Dr L K Mdee Co-Supervisor Prof J N Eloff Supervisor Keywords
- fungicides
- plant pathogenic fungi
- plants
- fungal attack
Date 2009-11-27 Availability unrestricted Abstract
Plant fungal pathogens are a major threat to food security worldwide. The most important method of protecting plants against fungal attack is the use of fungicides, but the development of resistance towards synthetic fungicides is of great concern. Moreover, the health risks associated with the use of chemical fungicides increase the need to search for safe, efficacious and environmentally friendly fungicides. Plants produce antifungal agents by secondary metabolism to protect themselves from fungal attack, and therefore many plant species have substantial antifungal activity. The use of plant extracts could enable the development of inexpensive and environmentally acceptable fungicides based on locally available natural products. This study was undertaken to investigate weedy and invasive plant species for antifungal activity against plant pathogens in order to develop a useful product using a widely available resource.
Acetone leaf extracts of seven invasive species (Chromoleana odorata, Ipomoea alba, Tecoma stans, Passiflora suberosa, Passiflora subpeltata, Aristolochia sp, Solanum seaforthianum) were screened against eight plant fungal pathogens viz Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporium, Penicillum janthinellum, Penicillum expansum, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger, Pythium ultimum and Phytophthora nicotiana, using microdilution assay and bioautography. The acetone extract of Tecoma stans had reasonable antifungal activity with an average minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against all the fungi of 550 ěg/ml and clear zones on bioautograms indicating inhibition of fungal growth of a compounds with an Rf of 0.082 in BEA against several of the fungal pathogens. Due to the clear compound on bioautography and availability of Tecoma stans, this species was selected for further work.
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the leaves of the Tecoma stans dichloromethane (DCM) extract obtained from solvent-solvent fractionation resulted in one major compound, oleanolic acid. The isolated compound had antifungal activity with an average MIC value of 130 ěg/ml against the 10 plant pathogenic fungi and clear bands with an Rf value of 0.082 on bioautograms, indicating fungal growth inhibition. It was surprising that the MIC value of the crude DCM extract was as high as that of the only compound with antifungal activity based on bioautography. These results clearly indicated the possibility of synergisms especially since the average total activity of the extract was nearly 6.5 times higher than that of oleanolic acid with total activity values of 60154 ml for the extract and 9262 ml for oleanolic acid.
Cellular cytotoxicity of DCM extract and oleanolic acid was investigated using tetrazoliumbased colorimetric assay (MTT) on Vero monkey kidney cells. The toxicity of the extract and oleanolic acid was determined by LC50 values. The DCM extract and oleanolic acid were toxic with and LC50 of 0.413 mg/ml and 0.129 mg/ml respectively, lower than that of berberine the toxic compound used as control. However therapeutic index which can be defined here as the LC50 in (ěg/ml)/MIC in (ěg/ml), indicated that though the extract and oleanolic acid were toxic, they could be used under controlled conditions against infections of certain of the fungal pathogens. The crude extract had a high therapeutic index value of 21 against microorganisms T. harzianum, R. solani, F. oxysporium and P. expansum; and oleanolic acid had high therapeutic index values of 16 and 64 of against T. harzianum and R.solani respectively. This high therapeutic index value of crude extract and oleanolic acid means that, crude extract and oleanolic acid may be used for treatment of infections by these tested fungi with very little toxicity under controlled conditions.
Oleanolic acid had very low antibacterial activity (MIC >250 ěg/ml). against two Grampositive (Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis, ATCC 29212) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, ATCC 27853 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATCC 25922). Animal pathogenic fungi were more resistant than the plant fungal pathogens.
Based on the good activity of the DCM crude extract, the surprising selectivity in activity against different fungi coupled with reasonably good therapeutic indexes and the wide availability of T stans leaves opens up the possibility that a commercial product to protect plants against certain pathogens may be developed from T. stans leaves.Copyright © 2009, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria.
Please cite as follows:
Meela, MM 2009, Evaluation of alien invasive weedy plants for activity against plant pathogenic fungi, MSc(Veterinary Science) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03152010-105137/ >
Filename Size Approximate Download Time (Hours:Minutes:Seconds)
28.8 Modem 56K Modem ISDN (64 Kb) ISDN (128 Kb) Higher-speed Access dissertation.pdf 626.72 Kb 00:02:54 00:01:29 00:01:18 00:00:39 00:00:03


text:
|General Discussion Anything non-survival related - news and information, current events, general chit-chat stuff.
|Thread Tools
|Display Modes
hyper inflation loans ?
If we had hyper inflation here in the US, what would happen the peoples house loans ?
Would you be paying off your loan with the higher wages hyper inflation would bring or
do you think that all loans would be adjusted to reflect inflation, in the banks favor?
In my opinion, it would be easier to pay off the loans later when theres lots of dollars in the street, rather than when money is tight.
whats your take on this?
Last edited by Farm boy; 10-26-2008 at 10:17 AM..
I'm wondering the same thing.
you would if ya had a fixed rate loan - ya would end up payin it off for same amount of dollars but w worthless dollars
an adjustable would kill ya cause interest rates would rise as well.
I was wondering the same thing, would mortgages and credit card balance get grandfathered in? Probobly not. I think that there would be a note along with your payment stub instructing you to adjust payment for hyperinflation. Please remit your payment by using the following calcualtion regular scheduled payment 1200.00 current currency value 1$ = .10 so 1200/10 = 12,000.00 Please remit your payment of 12K and HAVE A NICE DAY. I think it would work something like that.
Now, having said that, I wouldn't be shocked to see some kind of legislation passed to create some kind of calculation such as this, though I would think that would (or should) be political suicide for anyone that supported or voted for it.
Taxes! Taxes! Taxes!
You could pay off the loans with worthless dollars until they revalued the dollar and produced a new currency. Then all financial instruments would be revalued on the same scale. Best to pay off debt in worthles dollars as fast as possible on fixed assets you want to keep and ignoring the credit cards. Start with the highest variable rate loans until all of the variable loans are paid off, then pay off the fixed rate loans. Look for interest rates to skyrocket before they take the drastic step of revaluing the currency.
You're not seriously suggesting that, in the United States, bankers would get screwed? Obama has shown that he has no respect for our laws and I'm sure would try to change them to accommodate his backers.
Fixed rates would stay fixed
Adjustable rates would adjust
Rates move all the time, hyper inflate or deflate does change the terms of a loan contract.
I'm not so sure it would work that way . . .
Fixed rate mortgages maybe, but anything with an adjustable rate (ARM's, most credit cards) would probably adjust the interest rate to help recoup their money. The Fed prime rate would be astronomically high during such an event, it's the only way they can try to combat a massive devaluation of the dollar. Credit cards and ARM's will adjust with it.
Besides, it's not like during hyper-inflation you just have tons of extra cash, remember the "cost" (in dollars) of everything else goes up too. Gas, groceries, your utility bill . . . and you're assuming that employers will raise wages as fast as the dollar loses value, probably not gonna happen. More than likely we'll all be getting paid at a rate less than we are now, in adjusted dollars.
|Thread Tools
|Display Modes
Linear Mode


text:
Close X
LG DLG2251W 7.1 Cu. Ft. Large Capacity Gas Dryer with Sensor Dry - White
Product Description
7.1 Cu. Ft. Large Capacity Gas Dryer with Sensor Dry
LG's DLG2251W 7.1 Cu. Ft. Large Capacity Gas Dryer with Sensor Dry, in white, has smart technology and a stylish design. This front load large capacity dryer with innovative features like the Sensor Dry system and SmartDiagnosis automatically adjusts the drying time for you, assuring you will get dry laundry every time. The upfront electronic control panel with dual LED display and Dial-A-Cycle makes it easy to find the cycle and setting that's just right for each load. Get more out of your dryer, so you have more free time for your family.
- 7.1 cu. ft. large capacity gas dryer with aluminized alloy steel drum
- 7 drying programs and 8 options
- 5 temperature settings and 5 drying levels
- NSF certified anti-bacterial option
- Wrinkle care option to reduce wrinkles
- Sensor dry system
- Precise temperature control with variable heat source
- Intelligent electronic control panel with LED display
- Child safety lock
- Remaining time display/status indicator
- FlowSense duct clogging indicator
- SmartDiagnosis technology
- Drum light
- Reversible door
- 4 adjustable leveling legs
- 3 gas dryer venting options
- 3-minute smart installation check
- Stackable with matching washer (stacking kit sold separately)
- Optional matching drawer pedestal (sold separately)
- Includes: dryer, manual, warranty
Note: Free shipping includes white glove delivery to the room of your choice. Does not include installation.
|126 Pounds
|CSA Listed, NSF Listed
|1 year parts and labor
|Stackable with Matching Unit
|Stackable Matching Units Available
Would you like to update product info, give feedback on images, or tell us about a lower price?
Questions & Answers
Didn't get the answer you needed?
We'll respond to your question in three days or less
There are no questions from the community yet
Customer Reviews
This product has no customer reviews yet
Write an online review and be the first to share your thoughts with other customers
Write an online review and be the first to share your thoughts with other customers
Manuals & Downloads
Tag This Product
A tag is a keyword assigned to a product which helps describe the item and allows it to be found by other customers
Add a new tag:
Separate multiple tags with commasWhat's this?
Additional Details
|Mfr Part #
|Group #
|Dryers - 2117
|- 0
|Sales Rank
Similar items
White Dryers
Your Recently Viewed Items
You have no recently viewed items. After viewing product detail pages or search results, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to products you are interested in.
Your Recommended Items
You currently have no recommended items. Browse a few more items to give us an idea of what you like.
©1999 - 2014 ATGStores.com.Copyright notice | Site Map | By using this site you agree to our Terms & Conditions of Use and Privacy Statement
Server: WWW111 DBServer: EASTDB03 Created On: 12/27/2014 6:13:25 PM


text:
SDC Online Summer Institute is a program offering a flexible option for undergraduate students who need to complete coursework to keep their educational plan on track for graduation goals. Students desiring to continue their education through the summer will be offered courses by accessing Edvance 360 via the internet. Some courses may need to be completed according to the class schedule and others may be completed at your own pace; all will use a variety of interactive learning activities to complete the course objectives.
For more information please contact the APS office.


text:
December 21, 2014
AMSTERDAM (AP) -- A Dutch luxury bus company is testing technology that monitors whether a driver is becoming drowsy.
Royal Beuk BV said Tuesday it is outfitting 20 vehicles from six different charter vacation bus lines with a system designed by Australian company Seeing Machines.
It uses infrared light and a camera to register eye movements to see whether a driver's gaze is distracted from the road for too long, or if he is blinking progressively more slowly -- signs he may be close to nodding off.
If the system's software algorithms determine there's a problem, it will first sound an alarm for the driver. Further alarms will pull in human assistance or intervention
To comment, the following rules must be followed:
Comments may be monitored for inappropriate content, but the station is under no legal obligation to do so.
If you believe a comment violates the above rules, please use the Flagging Tool to alert a Moderator.
Flagging does not guarantee removal.
Multiple violations may result in account suspension.
Decisions to suspend or unsuspend accounts are made by Station Moderators.
Links require admin approval before posting.
Questions may be sent to email@example.com. Please provide detailed information.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
We need Kuper back
View Single Post
Ring of Famer
Join Date: May 2001
Posts: 1,740
Originally Posted by
I'm not going to go into the stats. They speak for themselves. When Kuper is off the field, we Manning takes more sacks and more hits. When he's on the field our rushing average is better and Manning is better protected. I haven't heard what happened with his ankle, but I assume it is post game swelling that hadn't gone down enough and they wanted to rest him for Baltimore. Hopefully it wasn't re-injured.
Regardless, without Kuper our team is worse. With him, our team is better. We need our best offensive lineman on the field.
I agree that your observation is painfully obvious but you can say this about any top player, Champ, Manning etc. I too hope this isn't an indication of a nagging situation that will make his availability iffy into the playoffs. However, I like to look at the positive side of a bad situation. Other people get real time reps. Ramirez, Clark etc. One interesting item of note is the number of ex-Bronco OL still playing/starting for other teams. Myers, Lichtenstieger (sp) and Carlisle. I think I may have missed one.
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by dsmoot


text:
FusionSeattle, WA
Sometimes it's good to be a follower
Seattle, WA 98109
View full map Contact Dispensary
- Hours: Mon-Fri: Noon-8pm, Sat noon to 4pm, Sun. closed.
- Phone: 206-402-3957
- Web: Visit our website
- Joined: 8/17/2011
- Menu Update: 12/17/2014
Fusion is centrally located in the Westlake neighborhood of Seattle, just minutes from Capital Hill, Queen Anne, Seattle Pacific University, Fremont, and Downtown. High quality, lab tested, organic, exotic and hard to find connoisseur quality products. Come in and see one of Fusion's highly trained staff members and learn which products are best for you.
New patients come in for a $6 off edible or joint!!! Take advantage of our member rewards program and come see some of the best cannabis in Washington.
Most Recent Update
What Do These Icons Mean?
Brick & Mortar
These dispensaries and collectives have physical locations that you can visit.
Delivery Service
These icons denote delivery services that will bring the cannabis directly to you.
Get More via Text Message
Thanks for following Fusion. Be sure to opt-in to receive coupons, notices and more via text message (SMS).
Tell Us About Your Experience
Verify Your Email Address
Tell Us About Your Experience
Connect to Fusion
Keep your number private and let us connect you.
Instant Connect
Call Me
Let Leafly send an email on your behalf.


text:
This mind-blowing audiobook brings together today's most relied-upon tools of market analysis. Michael E. S. Gayed clearly explains how this powerful combination of major schools of thought of market analysis can help investors dramatically improve their judgment on likely market performance and spot important trends, thereby making successful investment decisions.
Intermarket Analysis and Investing begins with an overview of investment analysis that examines types of risk and portfolio structuring. By integrating the methods described in detail in this book, investors stand a much better chance of profiting from market opportunities and of achieving their objectives.
©1990 Michael Gayed (P)2013 Michael Gayed
"Great book."
I really liked this book, personally I thought it would just go into the effects of other markets and the correlations that commodities, currencies, bonds, and stocks have on each other. He did not talk a lot about currency in the book, but he did actually go in depth into sector analysis which is really was beneficial. He also talks about leading, lagging, and coincident indicators which is also very informative.
There are no listener reviews for this title yet.
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


text:
HippieChick2 ♥ Part Deux ♥ Will never forget her time on 43 ♥♥♥
Cool weather is still so far away
10 years after introducing 43 Things to the world, we have decided we have met our last goal: completing the incredible experience that has been 43 Things. Please join us in giving one last cheer to all the folks who have shared their goals with the world, as well as all the people who have worked at The Robot Co-op to build this incredible website. We won a Webby Award, published a book, and brought happiness to a lot of people.
Starting today, 43 Things users can export their goals and entries from the site. Starting August 15, we will make the site "read only". 43 Things users will still be able to view the site and export their content, but we won't be taking any new content from users. We hope to leave the site up for folks to see and download their content until the end of the year. Ending on New Year's Eve takes us full circle.
It has been a long ride (one of our original goals was to "build a company that lasts at least 2 years" - we beat that one!) While we wish the site could live on, it has suffered from a number of challenges - changes in how people use the site, the advertising industry, and how search engines view the site. We wish the outcome was different – but we've always been realistic about when our goals are met and when they aren't.
As of today, you will be able to download your goals and entries. See more about that on the FAQ page. Thanks for 10 great years of goal-setting and achieving.
- The Robots.
HippieChick2 ♥ Part Deux ♥ Will never forget her time on 43 ♥♥♥
Cool weather is still so far away
Shaylaine ♥ ♥ Women are meant to be loved, not to be understood."♥ ♥
For us! Still waiting for summer to begin :(
Unseasonably cool & wet!
buffalosnowangel P.S. I love you all.
I wish I had one right now. I can't wait for this heat to pass