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|November 11
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Kennedy Assassination Source: Wikipedia Labels: John F Kennedy, Assassinaion, CIA Involvement, Hypnosis, Richard Paul Pavlick.
Editor says, what if the Hungarians had prevailed at Varna? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1444, on this day a mixed Papal army defeated a large Ottoman force near Varna in eastern Bulgaria.
Glorious Papal Victory at VarnaTheir hard fought victory was a personal triumph for Władysław III of Poland (also King of Hungary). Over-ruling the sound advice of the more experienced Bulgarian Commander Hunyadi János, he rushed five hundred of his Polish knights against the Ottoman center in a bold move that ultimately won the day.
It was of course a huge risk but the only way that the thirty thousand man Papal Army could overcome an Ottoman force nearly twice the size. It would prove a crucial turning point in the Ottoman War.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Generals Era: 10th to 16th Centuries Source: Wikipedia Labels: Hungary, Poland, Ottoman, Turk, Papal.
Editor says, in authoring this post we have repurpose content from Wikipedia which reports ~ The Ottoman Army under Sultan Murad II defeated the Hungarian and Polish armies commanded by Władysław III of Poland (also King of Hungary) and Hunyadi J´nos. It was the final battle of the Crusade of Varna. The death of Władysław left Hungary in the hands of the four-year-old Ladislaus Posthumous of Bohemia and Hungary. The defeat also set the stage for the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if Robert De Niro never became a Wise Guy? muse Ed. & Jackie Rose. Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1973, lead members of the cast delayed the production of Godfather Part II by five whole weeks.
James Caan plays Young Vito Corleone in Godfather Part IIAl Pacino's lawyers told producer/director Francis Ford Coppola that he had grave misgivings with the script and was not coming. Coppola spent an entire night rewriting it before giving it to Pacino for his review. Pacino approved and the production went forward. And the actor James Caan (a native of the Bronx but not Italian, being the son of German Jewish Immigrants) demanded that he be paid the same amount he received for the entire previous film for the single scene in Part II which reprises the role of Sonny in the birthday flashback sequence.
At this juncture, Robert De Niro pulled out unexpectedly, and Coppola decided to offer Caan the part of Young Vito Corleone. Despite several strong performances in Part 1, Brian's Song and Rollerball it was this casting decision that took his acting career to a new level, albeit he was subsequently typecast as a wise guy. De Niro meanwhile would appear in a host of varied but non-violent roles in box office hits such as New York, New York and The Mission. In recognition of the significance of this pivotal decision, and of course being celebrated actors with a strong sense of history, both Caan and De Niro readily agreed to play alongside James Gandolfini and Joe Pesci in the 2010 remake Godfather, Redux. Set in post 9/11 New York, Caan played Mayor Rudolf Giuliani whereas De Niro starred as the ageing Michael Corleone. He won an Oscar for his masterful performance, the pulling of the "Deniro Face" left many wise guy fans to wonder what might have been.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Holywood Era: Fan Fiction Source: Wikipedia Labels: Robert De Niro, James Caan, Al Pacino, Godfather Part II, Francis Ford Coppola.
Editor says, what if Boris Skossyreff had been caught up in the Hungarian Uprising? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1956, to the further embarrassment of the Soviet Union, the Russian adventurer Boris Skossyreff (pictured, with monocle) managed to join the revolutionary armed forces fighting for the Hungarian Uprising.
Conjoined Crisis Part 7
Colonel Pal Maleter welcomes King of AndorraColonel Pál Maléter and his troops were holed up in mines which dated back to the old Empire and extended across the border into Czechoslovakia. Their plight was being broadcast to the world by Imre Nagy who had been given refuge in the British Embassy. Despite their bold attempts to emulate the Cursed Soldiers of Poland, their resistance to Soviet forces was mostly symbolic. However, the intervention of Boris Skossyreff was a psychological blow to the Soviets.
A Lithuanian Baron who fled Russia after the Revolution he later proclaimed himself King of Andorra before being sentenced to twenty-five years in prison. He had been released from a labor camp in Siberia earlier in the year.
Superficially, the bold personal interventions of maverick nobles such as von Habsburg, Skossyreff and later Michael King of Romania was a rival "throwback" challenge to Soviet Authority. Regardless of the misreports in the Western Media that the old Royal Families were tearing down the Iron Curtain, there was of course absolutely no prospect of a return to power for the Imperial Houses of Eastern Europe. Which was not to say their token resistance was completely without significance, because the real issue was the series of blundering mistakes that had been made in the Politburo, not just the release of Skossyreff but also yielding to Władysław Gomułka the newly appointed First Secretary of the Party in Poland.
The impression was that Stalin's successors - Nikita Khrushchev, Mikoyan, Bulganin, Molotov, Kaganovich, Marshal Konev and others - had lost their grip, and it was becoming increasingly likely that the crises in Eastern Europe would force a regime change in Moscow. An article from the Conjoined Crisis thread.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Conjoined Crisis Era: Cold War Source: Wikipedia Labels: Boris Skossyreff, Egypt, Suez, Hungary, Otto Von Habsburg.
Editor says, in reality the two crises were not directly connected and the time sequences have been adjusted to suite the story line. By Ed and Jackie Speel Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if the Reds and Blues divided? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 2012, just days after Mitt Romney's defeat at the polls, Republicans demanded a fundamental restructuring of the Electoral College that would bring an end to the frustration of dysfunctional Federal Government. The result followed a wave of voter disappointment in which Donald Trump (pictured) called for a protest march on Washington. Other commentators remarked upon the excessive focus on swing states and undecided voters that perhaps disenfranchised the mainstream majority.
Radcliffe Cloud, ReduxBecause under these far-reaching proposals to address the change of demographics, the winner-take-all voting system would be slowly eliminated on a state by state basis. One option was a national roll-out of the congressional districting solution already operating in Maine.
Of course a more extreme option being proposed by GOP backers was secession model based upon a refinement of the Radcliffe Cloud in which those congressional districts would become red or blue cantons in a two-countries-in-one geography model like the modern India. Comedian Bill Maher suggested that perhaps Trump's hair and scalp represented an assessment model for the viability of two entities loosely connected in a shared living space.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: Post Coldwar Source: Wikipedia Labels: Electoral College, Red, Blue, Presidency, Election.
Editor says, this idea was conceived by Jeff Provine in Radcliffe Cloud Unveiled and based on discussions with Stan Brin, Chris Oakley and Tony Rocca. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if the strategic defense initiative had been fully implemented? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 2011, on this day the ruinously high costs of providing a nuclear shield to American allies was carefully examined by the US Congress Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction.
Flaithiulacht The Federal Deficit forces America to call time on "Ruinous Generosity"Back in August, the Debt Celling Negotiations had introduced a "trigger mechanism" that should this Supercommittee fail to reach an agreement, disproportionate cuts would fall upon the defense budget. And for the past two decades the centrepiece of America's critical defense program had been the Strategic Defense Initiative. But the costs of providing a ground and space-based systems to protect the United States and its allies from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles had become prohibitively expensive.
The problem was that there was an even bigger picture in November. That very day the International Atomic Energy Agency released a report estimating that Iran was less than eighteen months away from acquiring nuclear capability. Therefore the removal of the nuclear shield from Israel was currently unthinkable. And with the Eurozone close to financial collapse, America could not seek to recover costs from faltering countries such as Italy and Greece. Coming into view was the prospect of a contracted nuclear shield for critical coverage, a decision that could split the Western Alliance.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: Post Coldwar Source: Wikipedia Labels: Star Wars, Strategic Defense Initiative, Budget, Iran, Israel.
Editor says, what if Martians landed in New Jersey and offered humans an alliance? muses Chris Oakley Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1938, on this day the British High Commissioner's office in Rome cabled prime minister Neville Chamberlain with alarming news: Martian militarist technicians were working with Italian and German physicists at a desert research station in Italian-occupied Libya on the development of a new type of explosive weapon which utilized the process of atomic fission to achieve its destructive effect.
Part Five of Parley To make matters worse, these same technicians were also consulting with German rocket scientists on the possibility of adapting the experimental atomic weapon to be capable of fitting into the warhead of a long-range or medium-range ballistic missile.
If the Nazis succeeded in devising such a warhead, the cable warned, Hitler could potentially attack targets as distant as London simply by pushing a button.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Parley Source: Wikipedia Labels: War of the Worlds, Mars, Martians, Alliance, New Jersey.
Editor says, what if humanity had resisted temptation? muses Jeff Provine on This Day in Alternate History Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 4004 B.C., Humanity Resists Temptation. On this day, as calculated by our brother James Ussher and remembered by Mother Eve, she was walking in The Garden when approached by a serpent, that crafty foe.
Humanity Resists Temptation The world was still young, having only been finished that October, and there were but two humans in all of Creation, Eve and our slightly older Father, Adam, from whose rib Eve, and thereby all of us, came. She meandered by the feared Tree of Knowledge that has long been buried under concrete and steel.
Before its protection, however, the tree was open to be seen and its fruit could be picked with mere fingertips. The serpent asked, "Has God indeed said, 'You shall not eat of every tree of the garden'?"
Eve replied, "We may eat the fruit of the trees of the garden; but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God has said, 'You shall not eat it, nor shall you touch it, lest you die.'"
The serpent scoffed and said, "You will not surely die. For God knows that in the day you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil".
After a moment of temptation, Eve resisted and ran screaming through the Garden, crying out for God. Upon hearing His voice asking after the matter, Eve explained she had been tempted. God found the spirit of Lucifer, that most rebellious angel cast out of Heaven, in the beast, and both were cast into the Pit. Since that day, we humans have always fought the temptation of the Tree, leading to its burial in the ongoing Babel project, putting it under a foundation someday as high as Heaven. Until the end of time, we will drive it deeper and deeper, away from our hand so that we will never know what it is to "die".
In the six thousand years since, humanity has grown and achieved feats applauded by the angels such as building cities and exploring to every corner of the Earth. As far as we have gone, all of us consider The Garden our home, and many continue to sleep under its boughs. We have even "created" on our own, making art and music and telling tales of fanciful things, such as if the morning dew were so heavy it fell from the sky in waves of drops or if we could fly like angels.
Meanwhile, Heaven has been quiet other than a second rebellion by angels suffering something known as "boredom," perhaps a thing akin to the arrogance of the first rebellion. The Word, which was in the beginning being with God and being God, also seemed at a loss, as if He were meant for more. Still, He was known to approach Earth and share fellowship with us. Most dramatically, some 2000 years ago, the Word became man by virgin birth and ruled as king. While a significant entry, most agree we would have accepted Him in any case, but who are we to question God's Plan?
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Jeff Provine Blog Era: Pre Christ Source: Jeff Provine's Blog Labels: Garden of Eden, Adam, Eve, Good, Evil.
Editor says, in reality Eve and Adam ate the fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Sin came into the world, as did death and the punishments of toil, birth pains, and serpents crawling on their bellies. The Word, Jesus, also came into the world and served as the sacrifice for redemption, allowing us to return to Paradise if only we accept such grace. But, humans have Free Will, and we may choose as we feel best. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if the African Holocaust had hever happened? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1382 AH, in the hot lush savannah country which lies four days up river from the coast of the Gambia, Kajali Demba died peacefully in his sleep. For too many years he had been the griot of the village of Juffure, serving the local Mandinka as an oral historian, poet, praise singer and wandering musician.
Saga of an African FamilyHis successor would be the young man Kinte (pictured second from left) who began his first address with a simple demonstration. Cutting open a mango, he held the fruit high above his children, preventing them from taking it.
He then began his oration with a piece of homespun wisdom, "When you clench your fist, no one can put anything in your hand, nor can your hand pick up anything". This metaphor of non-violence had served his people for half a millenia of peaceful existence by the banks of the River Gambia.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Beasts Source: Wikipedia Labels: Alex Hayley, Roots, Africa, Gambia, Juffure.
Editor says, in reality as many as a third of the Mandinka population were shipped to the Americas as slaves through capture in conflict during the 16th, 17th and 18th century. Kajali Demba was the griot in roots c1750. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
|Flag of
In 1606, British colonists established the first permanent European settlement in what is today the state of Georgia.
|State of Georgia
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Ill Wind Source: Wikipedia Labels: Duke of Parma, Spanish Fleet, Armada, Britain, Elizabeth.
In 1968, the Winnipeg Blue Bombers made their first CFL postseason appearance in twelve years, taking on the Calgary Stampeders in the first round of the 1968 CFL Western Division playoffs. The Blue Bombers took a 13-0 lead in the first half only to collapse early in the second half and lose to Calgary 34-20.
|Blue Bombers
|NFL Logo
The Stampeders subsequently beat Saskatchewan in the Western Division finals and were in turn defeated by the Eastern Division champion Ottawa Rough Riders in the 1968 Grey Cup title game in a 13-12 nailbiter. As for Winnipeg, its inglorious first round exit at Calgary's hands would mark the first of four straight early eliminations for the Bombers in the late '60s and early '70s.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Grey Cup Overtime Source: Wikipedia Labels: Blue Bombers, Canada, America, Sports, Football.
|Clive Rush
On this day in 1974, the New England Patriots lost to the Cleveland Browns 24-14 in Clive Rush's final game as head coach. The next day Rush was fired; up until Rod Rust's disastrous 1-15 campaign in 1990, Rush's tenure would be regarded as the worst recorded by a Patriots head coach.
|in 1953
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Baltimore Colts Source: Wikipedia Labels: Baltimore Stallions, Sports, NFL, America, Clive Rush.
On this day in 1944, Allied forces in Germany began advancing toward Dortmund and Munster.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: France44 Topic: Warfare Source: Wikipedia Labels: World War 2, D-Day, Pas De Calais, Europe of the Dictators, Axis Powers.
On this day in 1944, the Allied campaign in Germany was dealt an unexpected setback as the Wehrmacht, in a desperate and ultimately doomed last-ditch gamble, launched its famous 'Watch on the Rhine' offensive against the weakest point of the Allied lines.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: France44 Topic: Warfare Source: Wikipedia Labels: World War 2, D-Day, Pas De Calais, Europe of the Dictators, Axis Powers.
|Crisis Over
On this day in 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to a cease-fire in Cuba.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Cuba62 Source: Wikipedia Labels: Cuban Missiles Crisis, Cuba, ExComm, John F Kennedy, Nikita Khruschev.
In 1989, East German troops begin dismantling the Berlin Wall.
Conservative pundit Patrick Buchanan noted acidly that 'patient diplomacy' did not bring down the Wall until a Republican once more occupied the Oval Office. 'It's more likely,' he suggests, 'that once a real leader, a real American, was in the White House again, the Soviets knew the jig was up, and lost their nerve.' Why that had not happened earlier, under President Ford or Buchanan's former employer Richard Nixon, he leaves unsaid.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: EMK 69 Topic: Politics Source: Wikipedia Labels: Berlin Wall, John F Kennedy, Nikita Khruschev, Cold War, America.
In 1918, the Great War entered its last day and John Ronald Reuel Tolkien set about the life-long work of the Middle-earth opus.
|Tolkien's Phantasm
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Beasts Source: Today in Alternate History Labels: Tolkien, The Silmarillion, Balrog, Sauron, Rings of Power.
Editor says, what if a different kind of term limits was proposed? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 2008, just days after Barack Obama's landslide defeat at the polls, the Democratic Party proposed a "no more amateurs amendment".
No More Amateurs AmendmentUnder this principle of progression of offices, candidates would be required to serve two full terms as either senator or governor as a condition of eligibility for the Presidency.
Because inside the beltway, it was fully understood that the US had constructed a political maze that only the insiders could understand. But suitable experienced candidates such as six-term senator Joe Biden were always disadvantaged by populist candidates such as Obama who were less experienced but more photogenic. And worse, such an imbalance also ran the larger risk of a dysfunctional government whereby the electorate would be tempted to vote for a progressive candidate of hope that would inevitably fail to enact the promised kind of legislative program. Whereas a terms-limit would ensure the Chief Magistrate had a record of voting that would unambiguously demonstrate their ability to build bipartisan support on the Hill.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: Post Coldwar Source: Wikipedia Labels: Term Limits, Barack Obama, Presidency, Mr America, Election.
Editor says, this idea was developed with Scott Palter, also the flipside whereby the original constitution required such a two-term service as a condition of eligibility. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if Yeltsin had died in 1987? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1987, on this day Soviet newspaper Izvestia reported that the First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party Boris N. Yeltsin had passed away in an unspecified city hospital aged sixty-six. According to the rumours the radical reformer had been rushed into emergency care after a botched suicide attempt, bleeding profusely from self-inflicted cuts to his chest.
Radical reformer dies in MoscowHowever his impending dismissal from the City Committee had been widely expected after he gave a "secret speech" in the Politburo criticizing the slow pace of change of promises charging that Mr. Gorbachev's economic restructuring programme perestroika "was giving virtually nothing to the people". Nobody in Soviet history (not even Trotsky) had ever been so outspoken in their criticism of a leader of the party and his resignation from the Politburo was completely without predecent. In his reply, Gorbachev accused Yeltsin of "political immaturity" and "absolute irresponsibility". Nobody in the Central Committee had backed Yeltsin.
Author's Note: in reality he survived but Gorbachev ordered the injured Yeltsin from his hospital bed to the Moscow party plenum two days later where he was ritually denounced by the party faithful in what was reminiscent of a Stalinist show trial before he was fired from the post of First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party. Yeltsin said he would never forgive Gorbachev for this "immoral and inhuman" treatment. According to Gorbachev Yeltin's dissolution of the Soviet Union was to get rid of him.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: Cold War Topic: Justice Source: Wikipedia Labels: Yeltsin, Gorbachev, Russia, Soviet, Communism.
Editor says, what if Staten Island had remained outside New York in the Borough of Richmond? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1898, the modern four borough city of New York was founded by the consolidation of the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan and Queens. But in fact the original plan was for five boroughs including Staten Island, however this was undone by a chance discovery of a copy of the original bill of sale document in Oude Dorp.
Modern History of the Four Borough New York
By Ed., Jackie Speel and Eric LippsThe disputed chain of ownership began with the Treaty of Breda wherein the Dutch ceded Staaten Eylandt which subsequently became part of the English colony of New York. Three years later in 1670, the Native Americans ceded all claims to Staten Island in a secret deed to the English Governor Francis Lovelace. However the document actually specified a three hundred year lease and therein lie the knotty legal problem that was holding back consolidation throughout 1898. In the event, the planners decided not to wait for a resolution.
Regarding the proposed five borough mega-city, one can only speculate as to what might have been. Would Robert Moses still have been elected mayor in 1934? Would the Dodgers have left Brooklyn for Los Angeles in 1959? Would Queens County Executive Rudy Giuliani have been elected mayor of a five borough NYC (after all, he was elected Governor of New York in 2002). Would David Dinkins have been elected mayor of a larger NYC in 1993? After all, the Crown Heights riots did cost Mayor Elizabeth Holtzman of Brooklyn her re-election that year.
Although we can never answer these questions with certainty, perhaps we might surmise that the Staten Islanders would have been unloved, feeling neglected by a city government, the so-called "fools of Gotham". And so when Governor Giuliani finally put the issue back on the agenda, a pre-requisite was the construction of an underwater connection to the New York Subway System. It was an expensive but surely worthwhile price to pay, even if ultimately, the Lenape never saw one cent of their money.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Source: Wikipedia Labels: Staten Island, New York, Lenape, Francis Lovelace, Consolidation.
Editor says, this article re-produces a posting on the Alternate History Discussion Page and an idea by Jackie Speel. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if Lenore Romney had won her Senate race in 1970? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1908, on this day Senator Lenore Romney née LaFount was born in Logan, Utah.
Birth of Senator Lenore Romney (R-MI)The wife of American businessman and politician George W. Romney she was First Lady of Michigan from 1963 to 1969. After her husband stood down as Governor, he made an unsuccessful run for the Presidency and later was appointed Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary by Richard Nixon.
Too used to be listened to and making his own decisions, this dis-empowered position in the Cabinet quickly became untenable. Both men were frustrated. Nixon, who could not bring himself to fire Romney, made a pointed remark about the upcoming 1970 senate race, but Romney completely missed the coded signal and instead advised his wife to run.
It was a tall order to beat popular, two-term Democratic incumbent Senator Philip Hart and in fact Lenore even struggled to overcome State Senator Robert J. Huber in the Republican party primary. However Hart's electoral support soon evaporated because of his controversial stand on gun control and busing [1]. And the result was the narrowest of victories for Lenore Romney.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: Cold War Source: Wikipedia Labels: Lenore Romney, Senate, Mitchigan, First Lady, Politics.
Editor says, in reality soon after Hart's victory there were calls from conservatives in Michigan to recall him from office due to his stand on gun control and busing, with bumper stickers reading "Recall cures Hart attacks". The recall effort never got off the ground, because the United States Constitution does not authorize the recall of federal officials. He died of cancer in 1972 shortly before the expiry of his term of office. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if the British had not captured New Amsterdam? muses Jeff Provine on the This Day in Alternate History web site. Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany crossed the border by train and went into exile in Holland. But it took the "Dutch Courage" of Neiu Nederlander President Theodoor van Rosevelt to insist that Dutch Queen Wilhelmina extradite Kaiser Wilhelm II, a "big stick" to prevent the rise of a future generation of dictators... An article from the multi-author American Mini-states thread.
Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go farUpon the conclusion of the Treaty of Versailles in early 1919, Article 227 expressly provided for the prosecution of Wilhelm "for a supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties", but Queen Wilhelmina refused to extradite him, despite appeals from the Allies. King George V wrote that he looked on his cousin as "the greatest criminal in history", but opposed Prime Minister David Lloyd George's proposal to "hang the Kaiser". President Woodrow Wilson of the United States rejected extradition, arguing that punishing Wilhelm for waging war would destabilize international order and lose the peace.
And therefore we can say with certainty that the extradition and subsequent hanging of the Kaiser was the result of a precipitous twist of fate. Because in 1664, a freak storm had sunk the English Fleet before it could seize New Amsterdam. Somehow, the Dutch Republic had held onto the Colony, which later emerge as one of the Eastern Sea-board mini-states after the American Revolution. By the early twentieth century, Neiu Nederlands was completely autonomous, and governed by the charismatic figure of Theodoor van Rosevelt. An unflinching advocate of the projection of military power by democratic governments, his intervention in the extradition crisis would be truly historic. Because as time would tell, the Kaiser's hanging would discourage the rise of dictators during the turbulent 1930s, proving that the wrong-headedly idealistic Wilson was quite completely mistaken. And what really mattered to keeping the peace in the real world was ensuring that would-be belligerents were kept in a constant fear of the firm use of authority by the democracies.
Needless to say, the emergence of a leadership role for the American mini-state was wholly unexpected. Even though Holland remained neutral throughout the war, van Rosevelt had travelled to Washington to tell Wilson that the American Dutch would bravely join them. This was but the first step on the world stage. He would prevail upon Queen Wilhelmina, and later, at the Paris Peace Conference, persuade the victor powers to establish a League of Nations with a robust collective security policy. A bully club for the smaller nations to fight world domination, if you will. Because after all, who could anticipate whether a future German dictatorship would respect Dutch neutrality?
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: American mini states Era: World War 1 Source: Wikipedia Labels: Netherlands, Dutch, America, Wilhelm II, United States.
Editor says, this article re-purposes content from Alternate Hitory, Wikipedia and This Day in Alternate History. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if the US could not afford to lose David Petraeus? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 2012, on this day American writer and researcher Paula Broadwell (pictured) was tragically killed in a mysterious automobile accident in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Embedded JournalistBroadwell graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1995. She earned a master's degree from the University of Denver's Josef Korbel School of International Studies in 2006. She earned a Master of Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. She later entered the Ph.D. program at Department of War Studies at King's College London.
She was most famous for co-authoring the biography All In: The Education of General David Petraeus. The book was developed during her six months service as an embedded journalist following the General around the Battlefields on the Korean peninsula. Some of the hardest and most penetrating work was conducted under cover with the old soldier.
They met in 2006 when he was a speaker at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. Broadwell was a graduate student at the time. According to the Charlotte Observer, she told him about her research interests after he spoke. He handed her his card and offered his help. She began a doctoral dissertation that included a case study of his leadership, with Petraeus fully cooperating. The General is currently overseeing the drawdown of US forces, which is expected to complete by the end of the first half of 2013.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Generals Era: Post Coldwar Source: Wikipedia Labels: David Petraeus, Paula Broadwell, General, America, West Point.
Editor says, in reality David Petraeus resigned from his post as CIA Director because of the extramarital affair. And thankfully there was no war in Korea in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if the Hungarians had prevailed at Posada? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1330, the inexorable Hungarian march to the Black Sea continued with a hard-fought victory in the Carpathian Mountains.
Charles I Robert survives Wallachian ambushA small Wallachian army formed of cavalry, foot archers, as well as local peasants led by Basarab ambushed the 30,000-strong army of Charles I Robert in a mountainous region near the border between Oltenia and Severin.
The Hungarians had entered Curtea de Argeş, the main city of the Wallachian state and realised that Basarab had fled into the mountains and decided to give chase. After many days of difficult marching in the Carpathian Mountains, with his troops beginning to starve, the king and Basarab agreed to an armistice, with the condition that the latter would provide guides who knew the way out of the mountains and would lead the army back to the Hungarian plain by the shortest route. The guides, however, were ordered to lead the Hungarians into an ambush. However the Cumans[1] switches sides and warned Charles I Robert, who was able to defeat the Wallachians by outflanking them in a ravine from where they planned to attack.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Generals Era: 10th to 16th Centuries Source: Wikipedia Labels: Hungary, Charles Robert, Wallachia, Basarab I, Posada.
Editor says, in authoring this post we have repurpose content from Wikipedia which reports ~ the battle resulted in a major Wallachian victory and disaster for Charles Robert, becoming a turning point in the politics of Hungary, which had to abandon its hopes of extending the kingdom to the Black Sea. For Wallachia, the victory meant an increase in morale and the further independent evolution of the state. [1]Some historians claim that the Cumans aided the Wallachians in the battle. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if Frederick the Handsome had imposed his tutelage over the Lower Bavarian dukes? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1313, on this day the forces of Frederick I of Austria triumphed at the Battle of Gamelsdorf.
Glorious Austrian Victory at GammelsdorfThe vanquished army was led by his cousin Ludwig (Louis the Bavarian of the House of Wittelsbach). Originally, the two bitter rivals (pictured) were childhood friends who had been raised together as siblings at the Habsburg court.
However, armed conflict arose when the guardianship over the young Dukes of Lower Bavaria (Henry XIV, Otto IV and Henry XV) was entrusted to Frederick. This decision to elevate him to the first rank of Princes forced his cousin to break with the House of Habsburg. But his challenge ended with Frederick's triumphant victory which allowed him to impose a tutelage over the subordinate nobility. It was a case of birth order sibling rivalry settled in blood on the battlefields of southern Germany.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Generals Era: 10th to 16th Centuries Source: Wikipedia Labels: Gammelsdorf, Louis the Bavarian, Frederick I, Lower Bavarian, Austrian.
Editor says, in authoring this post we have repurpose content from Wikipedia which reports ~ the Bavarians were victorious, forcing Frederick to renounce his tutelage over the Lower Bavarian dukes. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if the first choice candidate Robert A. Lovett had accepted Kennedy's offer to serve (again) as Secretary of Defence? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1960, on this day Robert McNamara was named president of Ford Motor Co., the first non-Ford to serve in that post.
The Best and the BrightestA month later, he turned down an opportunity to join the newly-elected John F. Kennedy administration. And eight years later, he introduced the Kennedy Continental, the re-branded 1969 model personal luxury car.
The rebadging decision had been discussed at the highest levels of management at Ford's Corporate Headquarters in Dearborn ever since President John F. Kennedy had been shot dead inside a customised Lincoln 4-door convertible.
The Secret Service had code named the vehicle "SS-100-X" after the Hess & Eisenhart company of Cincinnati, Ohio adapted a 1961 model, later updating the limousine with the grille/headlight/bumper assembly from the 1962 Lincoln. After the assassination, the limousine was repaired and retrofitted with full armor and a fixed roof, subsequently continuing in service for the White House for many years before being put on display at the Henry Ford Museum.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: Cold War Source: Wikipedia Labels: Ford Motor Company, Kennedy, McNamara, Dearborn, Limousine.
Editor says, what if Adolf Hitler had killed himself after the Beer Hall Putsch? muses Jackie Rose. Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
It is Nov 9 1923, and Adolf Hitler's effort to take over the Munich government ends abruptly when the soldiers and police defeat his Beer Hall Putsch (named in honor of the tavern where the uprising started).
The Return of the KaiserHe flees to the home of an American supporter named Helen Hanfstaegnl, determined to commit suicide there. She struggles to take the gun from him, but to no avail, and he is soon lying dead at her feet.
His second-in-command of the Nazi Party is Ernst Rohm, the leader of the Stormtroopers, who tries to take Hitler's place. But Rohm is fat, homely and beset by rumors of homosexuality. Completely lacking in Hitler's compelling charisma, he soon sees the Nazis and Communists constantly battling each other. Helpless to stop them, he soon flees the country.
Seeing their nation collapsing into chaos, the soldiers who had demanded Kaiser Wilhelm II's abdication during the last days of the Great War are now calling for his return. They make a startling alliance with the socialists, who still remember the Kaiser's public commitment to helping the workers, most notably the mistreated miners. As for the former Allied leaders, they are now coming to see their old arch-enemy as a welcome voice of moderation calming his chaotic land. And, of course, there is still a staunch group of monarchists who have longbeen encouraging his return.
Bolstered by all the widespread encouragement, he soon leaves his castle in Holland and returns home to cheering crowds, along with his lovely second wife Princess Hermine and his handsome son, the Crown Prince Frederick William.
By winning the admiration of the right- and left-wing alike, the Kaiser (pictured) is able to inspire patriotism, pride and proletarian sympathies. He also warns the crowds that he will ruthlessly crush all Jew baiting, thus impressing them with his stern, sincere commitment to an unpopular cause. Not surprisingly, his great-grandson Frederick Nicholas is ruling Germany to this day.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: Dark Valley Source: Wikipedia Labels: Kaiser Wilhelm II, Hitler, Germany, Nazi, Hohenzollern.
Editor says, in reality Helen Hanfstaegnl persuaded Hitler to put away the gun. She must later have bitterly regretted her generous action, when she returned to America completely disillusioned with the new Reich. Ernst Rohm also left Germany, but returned at the urgent request of Hitler .. who soon had him executed as a potential rival on the notorious "Night of the Long Knives". And Kaiser Wilhelm II died in exile in Holland. Four years later, when World War II was hopelessly lost, Hitler made his second attempt to shoot himself .. and this time he succeeded .. but 22 years too late. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if Tolkien's fantasies were all a bad dream? muses Jeff Provine on the This Day in Alternate History web site. Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1916, in the midst of trench fever, John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, signals officer with the Lancashire Fusiliers, began hallucinations that would forever change him.
JRR Tolkien Hallucinates in the Trenches He was meant to have been invalided the day before, but he chose to stay behind to let another, sicker soldier take his place. Still in the miserable conditions of the trenches, Tolkien relapsed the next day into a high fever, crippling muscle soreness in his legs, and stabbing pain in his eyes. Others went to fetch a medic while he remained propped in the dark of a supply tent, near an unused machine gun. He had listened to the thunderous blasts of machine gun fire often in training in Staffordshire and later in combat during the Somme offensive.
This time, however, the noise was only in his mind, which translated the mechanical pattering into a language. He thought he could just about translate the words, a series of taps as if a living telegraph key, reassuring him that the gun would fight on just as a fellow soldier would. When medics arrived to take him away from the front, he told them, "The gun. It shall fight on".
Tolkien returned to England and to his wife, Edith, whom he had married three years before after five years of waiting due to his guardian's refusal they see one another before Tolkien was 21. He would spend the rest of the war alternately in hospitals or on light guard duty since he was too ill with recurrent fever to participate other than stints in camps on the home front, but honor kept him in the service until the end of the war. While recovering, Tolkien would begin writing fanciful stories, mixing the worlds of myth he had always studied with his new ideas of animated machines. He devoured science romances of Jules Verne and the like, but the use of machines as tools carried too little personification. Instead, Tolkien created machines that were as human as men, with personalities and special skills, just as the dwarves or elf creatures in Northern European myth. One of his first stories, "Fall of Gondolin" told of a city made of machines, each working its duty to create a glorious world, and its betrayal and destruction by the armies of an industrial behemoth monster called Morgoth ("Black Foe of the World" in Klindirin, a clicking language he invented for his machines).
Tolkien was not the only fiction-writer fascinated with intelligent machines. Just after the turn of the century, Frank L. Baum wrote about Tik-tok, a living clockwork being. The idea was taken further in 1921 by the Czech playwright Karel Capek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), first coining the term "robot" for a humanlike automaton built to do work. Films would soon have their own robots with Fritz Lang's Metropolis in 1927 giving a robot indistinguishable from the human Maria. In all of these, the machines were written to emulate humans, but Tolkien's stories went further, creating a world complete with history, language, and culture with different races of machines, not metal emulations of humanity. His studies of myth, particularly Beowulf, turned him to a sense of social tribalism and competition over resources. In 1936, Tolkien published The Robbit about a portly, quiet machine chosen by a magical Tinkerer to join a quest to liberate a coal mine from Smaug, an ancient predatory machine. This and the following Bearing trilogy would inspire the next generation of science fiction writers such as Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke.
While he would continue to write during his free time, Tolkien's professional life kept him busy. He worked for the Oxford English Dictionary, became the youngest professor at the University of Leeds, and finally settled at Oxford first at Pembroke College and then Merton, becoming chair of English Language and Literature. Tolkien often ate with fellow writers in a club nicknamed "The Inklings", including C.S. Lewis, the unquestioned Father of Modern Fantasy with his Wardrobe tales. In World War II, Tolkien served his country again as a code-breaker (though was notoriously vocal about his anti-war sentiments) and worked alongside men such as Alan Turing, who would be inspired by Tolkien's ideas on machine communication. While Tolkien never officially worked on computer development projects, he and Turing kept close correspondence, even through Turing's indecency debacle in the early ?50s. Shortly before Tolkien's death in 1973, Turing's Beren system came online, creating the first vocal command interface and allowing man and machine to talk just as Tolkien dreamed. Mankind would far surpass Arthur C. Clarke's description of a "HAL 9000" by its fictional birth date in 1997 for his 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Jeff Provine Blog Era: World War 1 Source: Jeff Provine's Blog Labels: Tolkien, World War 1, First World War, Fantasy, Novel.
Editor says, in reality Tolkien was invalided to England on November 8, 1916. He wrote extensively in the style of ancient myth, giving new life to the High Fantasy genre that supplied depth and poetry to literature that was often considered nothing but pulp adventure. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if the Call of Duty (COD): Modern Warfare 2 was banned as a mark of respect to the victims of the Fort Hood Massacre? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 2009, on this day the future of the super-violent billion-dollar video gaming industry was thrown into jeopardy when the US Government prohibited sales of Call of Duty (COD): Modern Warfare 2 (pictured), an appropriately timed decision that was intended to show a mark of respect to the victims of the Fort Hood Massacre.
Blood-Soaked Blockbuster Cancelled by Ed. & Chris OakleyThe latest installment of COD was due to debut at selected retail outlets that same evening. To fans, the game sets the benchmark for stunning cinematography and striking realism, with troops of elite soldiers hunting down targets in South America, Russia, Kazakhstan and Afghanistan. Players typically plug into an online community, moving in teams to hunt down enemy snipers. But detractors last minute calls had finally convinced the President that COD represents everything that is wrong with the billion-dollar video gaming industry: blood-soaked images of warfare that poses a risk to the mental health of children and even some adults who may not be able to tear themselves away. The President was influenced by the release of COD, which came at a particularly awkward time, just days after thirteen people were killed and twenty-nine wounded in a mass shooting at Fort Hood, Texas.
Because COD was the most highly anticipated game of the year, the outcome was a financial catastrophe for the software author Activision Blizzard Inc who had confidently expected to break sales records. Amazon pre-orders had topped 1.6 million, and the e-tailer had officially named COD the biggest selling pre-order video game of all time. Robert Kotick, chief executive of Activision crowed that the shooter game is likely to be "one of the largest entertainment launches of any media of all time".
Across the Atlantic in the U.K., the British Prime Minister Bryan Gould had already denounced the portrayal of violence in the game and called for the US government to enact measures to prevent sales to minors. To assuage his critics, Barack Obama added a personal touch in announcing the controversial decision. Having just been informed that he would become a father for the third time, Obama said that the decision had finally come down to a personal judgement, would he permit his son to play COD at the White House?
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Beasts Era: Post Coldwar Source: The Star Labels: Call of Duty, Video Violence, Gaming Industry, Canada, America.
Editor says, please note that to explore this controversial issue, extensive amounts of content have been repurposed from the source article. We have once again introduced our favourite politian Bryan Gould as the voice of reason, even though he was defeated in the 1994 Labour Leadership contest which Tony Blair won. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if uninfected Canadians headed to the Arctic north to escape the Zombie invasion? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 2009, on this day in Canada, the mortality rate from the zombie virus known as Solanum exceeded the pre-apocalypse unemployment count for the first time.
That the excesses of the credit crunch had been addressed by a population control measure foreseen by Thomas Malthus was of course of little cause for comfort to the Government. Because Stephen Harper and his senior ministers were desperately holed up behind a hastily erected maximum security cordon in Ottawa's "Green Zone".
The War on Terror Plus, Part 7 - "The Frozen Chosen"According to now irrelevant Olympic schedules, the Cabinet's focus should have been on the twenty members of the post who call themselves "The Frozen Chosen". Because on this, Day 10 of the cross-Canada Olympic torch relay, the Olympic athletes were due to arrive in the polar bear capital of the world, Churchill, Manitoba.
Their plan was to run with the flame into the Arctic darkness, which lasts 24 hours-a-day this time of the year. But instead, on day one the first torchbearers Catriona Le May-Doan and Simon Whitfield had carried the Olympic flame through a crowd of thousands in Victoria. Infected with Solanum, they also carried with them the deadly zombie virus.
Which was not to say that people werent arriving in Churchill, and in large crowds. Because the latest advice from Health Canada was for the non-infected to travel to the far north of the country, where it was hoped that the living dead would be unable reach...
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: War on Terror Plus Era: Post Coldwar Source: CBC News Labels: Stephen Harper, Canada, War on Terror, Ottawa, America.
Editor says, what if Kennedy had pulled out of Vietnam, yet his initial engagement plan had been radically different?
In 1963, on this day US President John F. Kennedy signed Executive Order No. 11110 in the Oval Office. Accordingly the force of law was given to the planned withdrawal of all American personnel absolutely no later than the end of 1965. Because just four months after a Vietnamese Buddhist by the name of Thich Quang Duc set himself on fire in a Saigon street (pictured), the security situation in the country was rapidly deteriorating.
Bear any burden, pay any priceIn so doing, the Kennedy brothers were backtracking big-time on a key inauguration pledge to "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge - and more".
Yet two other Catholic brothers had even more reason to regret listening to those warm words, the Vietnamese Dictator Ngo Dinh Diem and his younger brother Ngo Dinh Nhu. Because on the celebration of Buddha's 2,527 birthday on May 8th, the Diem Regime had ordered the Catholic deputy in Hue to prevent the Buddhists from flying their own flag. A wave of religious fervour swept the county. And just about the last thing South Vietnam needed right now was a religious feud, and so a group of generals led by Doung Van Minh and Tran Van Don acting unilaterally without US approval overthrew the Diem regime and executed the brothers and their sister-in-law, the anti-Buddhist "dragon lady" Madame Nhu. The US-financed Nationalist Chinese Armies who had sustained Diem in power since 1962 also evacuated the country. Those departing soldiers had been resettled by the French in 1950 in what was then Chochin China and expanded over time by local recruitment.
Commander R. Sargent Shriver was the last American out of Saigon. He told Embassy staff that it was a matter of deep regret that the Peace Corps had been unable to complete their mission in Vietnam.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Beacon of Liberty Era: Post Coldwar Source: Wikipedia Labels: Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, America, Cold War, Forties.
In 1989, Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces invaded West Germany, provoking a counterattack by NATO forces and touching off World War III.Falklands Emergency Part 9 - Sunny Jim by Chris Oakley
Most of the burden for turning back the Soviet bloc tide would have to be borne by the United States, since Great Britain no longer had the influence necessary to rally America's other European NATO partners to oppose the invasion. The outbreak of the Third World War would later be seen by historians as an inevitable consequence of Great Britain's defeat in the Falklands Emergency of 1982.
Leonard James Callaghan (pictured), Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG, PC (27 March 1912 - 26 March 2005), was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the Labour Party from from 1976 to 1983. Commonly known as Jim Callaghan (and nicknamed Sunny Jim or Big Jim), Callaghan is the only person to have served in all four of the Great Offices of State: Prime Minister, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Home Secretary and Foreign Secretary. Despite this unpredecented level of experience at the highest levels of Government, Sunny Jim was considered most directly responsible for the series of events that led to 'Callaghan's Surrender'.
To be continued..
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Falklands Emergency Source: Wikipedia Labels: Margaret Thatcher, Malvinas, Falklands Island, James Callaghan, Argentina.
On this day in 1962, a confrontation between pro-Brezhnev and anti-Brezhnev demonstrators in Leningrad escalated into a full-scale riot, forcing Soviet authorities to declare martial law in that city.
|Cuban President
|Che Guevara
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Cuba62 Source: Wikipedia Labels: Cuban Missiles Crisis, Che Guevara, Cuba, John F Kennedy, Nikita Khruschev.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Protocols Source: Robbie Taylors Blog Labels: Elders of Protocols of Zion, Robbie A. Taylor, Greater Zionist Resistence, GZR, Nazi.
Editor says, what if Prince Albert had died before the American Civil War, with no chance to influence its outcome? Jackie Rose thinks she has a plausible answer. Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
It is Nov. 8, 1861, and the Union Navy has seized a British ship called the HMS Trent and arrested the two Confederate passengers, John Slidell and James Mason, who were headed for England to seek diplomatic recognition. This might well have led to a military alliance, since Southern cotton was needed to feed the English mills.
Prince Albert dies too soonPrince Consort Albert would not have agreed. As an ardent foe of slavery, he would have vehemently opposed any alliance with the American South. He had died two years earlier of typhoid, however, and his royal widow, Queen Victoria, admired the Confederates for their "gallantry". With Britain AND the Confederacy arrayed against them, the Union struggle did not last long.
The importance of the alliance was reflected in a romantic alternate history fantasy novel called "Gone With The Wind", when Rhett Butler says that Queen Victoria would never support the South because, "That fat Dutchwoman does not believe in slavery". He did not seem to realize that she always shared her handsome "Dutchmans" beliefs.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: US Civil War Source: Wikipedia Labels: Jefferson Davis, Jimmy Carter, Citizenship, Confederacy, Confederate.
Editor says, what really happened: President Lincoln released the Confederate prisoners, thus defusing the crisis. As always Victoria was under the Prince Consort's influence, when she declined to help the South, and his influence continued after his death in December 1861. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if Friedrich von Steuben had never arrived at Valley Forge? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1775, General Washington inherited the very same provincial differences and rivalries that had beset British Commanding Officers during the Seven Years War. And surely he would find it incredibly difficult to install military order because the enlisted men of the Continental Army were used to the easy familiarity of being commanded by neighbours in local militias with elected officers.
Gen Washington abandons efforts to make militias into a militaryWashington was shocked and embarrassed by the slovenly camp conditions at Valley Force. The Continental troops were accustomed to living in their own filth and lacked basic hygiene discipline such as latrines. Describing these intractable organizational problems, he wrote in the simple words of a military man, "Connecticut wants no Massachusetts man in her corps. Massachusetts thinks there is no necessity for a Rhode Islander..".. But worse was to come because the New Englanders all went home to their farms at the end the year.
As Commander in Chief, Washington's overarching objective was to keep the patriot cause alive long enough for the British to despair of victory. During the cruel winter of 1775-6, he came to the bitter conclusion that this could only be achieved by a nationally co-ordinated insurgency, fought on the ground by the State militias. Because the Continental Army would only ever be an easy target for the Redcoats, giving the British the opportunity for a symbolic victory even if they did not re-establish control over the colonies. We seek him here, we seek him there, those Redcoats seek him everywhere...
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: American Revolution Source: Wikipedia Labels: Continental Army, General Washington, American Revolution, Militias, Patriot.
Editor says, this article re-produces a posting on the History Channel and the reversal of a related idea by Terri Kimbrel. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, double what if Guy Fawkes' protestant father had lived? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
It is November 1578, and the intercessory prayers of the Protestant Cathedral of York have spared the life of Edward Fawkes. God willing, the incomparable proctor and advocate of the the consistory court slowly recovered from the mysterious life-illness that had threatened his life throughout the long autumn months. An article from our Happy Endings thread.
Happy Endings 41:
Miracle of YorkFew were more relieved than his wife Edith and their vulnerable young children. They were spared from the clutches of the mother in law's family, all recusant Catholics that would no doubt have forced them to obey the Pope. This indeed was not uncommon to Tudor England, merely an everyday consequence of the knife edge that the religious divide had become in the late sixteen century.
Instead, Edward would live to introduce his spirited second son Guy into the Tudor Court. A natural soldier, he rose to the position of Captain of the Guards, a dashing goatee bearded figure safeguarding the Houses of Parliament. And in this trusted position of responsibility, he repaid God's mercy, fulfilling his destiny by foiling a sinister Popish plot to kill His Majesty. Because in Robert Catesby and his band of Catholic mercentaries, Fawkes heard a terrible echo from his own childhood. From the personal experience of his own enlightenment, he knew that the Reformation had come to England, and it was not to be denied.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Happy Endings Era: 10th to 16th Centuries Topic: Romance Source: Wikipedia Labels: Guy Fawkes, Guido Fawkes, Gunpowder Plot, Protestant, Catholic.
Editor says, what if Al Smith had made it to the White House? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 2012, on this day Comrade President Barack H. Obama tearfully thanked his campaign workers for seeing off his Capitalist opponent Mitt Romney.
America Chooses Socialism, AgainWith a few noticeable exceptions Communist candidates have occupied the White House ever since the election of Al Smith. And naturally the consensual view of government as an omnipotent provider has created a self-perpetuating majority that the Capitalists stigmatize as freeloaders seeking government hand-outs.
But it has also created an enormous Federal deficit partly because of America's ruinous generosity in helping other countries find their own path to socialism. This was acknowledged by the election headline "America Chooses Socialism" [1] in Israel Today a recognition of massive aid to the creation of the kibbutzim state.
Due to the debt situation, this time around Capitalists wrongly believed they had a better chance of regaining the White House. However, the changing demographics of America appear to have made such a scenario unthinkable for the foreseeable future. This is because the appeal of a low taxation, small government was restricted to the strata of society that had originally developed such out-moded concepts in the late eighteenth century. Marxist historians generally agree that America would not have embraced Communism without the self-evident failure of Capitalism, and the prospect - however remote - of a revisionism prevented a declining majority from forcing a non-political confrontation. An article from the Soviet States of America thread conceived by Robbie Taylor.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Soviet America Era: Post Coldwar Topic: Revolution Source: Wikipedia Labels: Barack Obama, Mitt Romney, General, America, West Point.
Editor says, [1] Casino tycoon Sheldon Adelson spent $73 million backing Mr Romney, his former primary contender Newt Gingrich, and seven other Republicans around the US amount to just one victory. Like Mr Trump, he fled Mr Romney's election night event in Boston before the candidate even arrived on stage to concede defeat. In a reflection of his anger, the front page of his newspaper Israel Today the following morning read: "America Chooses Socialism". Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if the ambush at Adrassos had turned into a military disaster? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 960, on this day the forces of the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo won a famous victory at the Battle of Andrassos.
Hamdanid Victory at AndrassosBy conducting a series of raids across Asia Minor, the emir Sayf al-Dawla had taken full advantage of the absence of much of the Byzantine army on campaign against the Emirate of Crete. But when General Leo Phokas the Younger returned, am ambush was organized in the mountain pass of the Taurus Mountains.
However due to a series of costly defeats in the previous years the increased confidence of the Hamdanid had been seriously underestimated and the ambush turned into an unmitigated disaster. Leo Phokas himself barely escaped with his life, and his army was annihilated.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Generals Era: First Millenium Source: Wikipedia Labels: Hamdanid Emirate, Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla, Leo Phokas the Younger, Byzantine.
Editor says, in authoring this post we have repurpose content from Wikipedia which reports ~ coming after a series of costly defeats in the previous years, this battle broke the power of the Hamdanid emirate for good. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.
Editor says, what if Al Gore had run America down like Current TV network? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
Despite running a surprisingly lacklustre campaign Al Gore ran out an easy victor by over half a percentage point, winning the popular vote by a margin of more than half a million.
Gore romps homeThe result vindicated his brave decision to campaign without Bill Clinton, the two having fallen out over the Monica Lewinsky Affair. But of course Gore might have badly needed him if not for the Bayh-Celler Amendment. That controversial piece of legislation had scrapped the electoral college after the deadlocked '68 election produced a winner that had not won the popular vote.
The GOP now argued the opposite, that 2000 was itself an aberration because Gore would probably have lost the electoral college, certainly the result would have been very close. The question was how good really was Gore .. and time would soon tell. Because within twelve months the whole political landscape had completely changed. Problems that had festered under Clinton-Gore rose to the surface; the threat from al-Qaeda, the Dot-bombs and the artificial health of the economy sustained by over de-regulation of the financial system.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: Post Coldwar Source: Wikipedia Labels: Al Gore, 2000, Presidential election, United States, Amerca.
Editor says, what if the North seceded muses Raymond Speer? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1853, on this day Thomas "Tad" Lincoln was was born in Springfield, Illinois. He would be elected President of the United States; on the forty-fourth anniversary of his father's election to the office for a single term.
Southern Integration, Northern SecessionThe elder Lincoln, Abraham, had yielded to the South after long argument and implemented a slave code that brought slavery to New Mexico, Arizona and Cuba by the start of the 20th century.
The North was also irritated at the Southern mode in keeping the Slave State delegation the size of the Free States by the measure of splitting themselves. Texas was now five states (North, East, Central, South and Pecos) and Florida, Alabama and Georgia now came as North and South States. Abraham Lincoln had gone down to defeat by John C. Breckingridge of Kentucky. Horace Greeley had been the next Republican President elected in the wake of a corruption scandal. And the third Republican President had been Ambrose Bierce of California.
Thomas "Tad" Lincoln had won the Presidency largely because Democratic President Alton B, Parker had gotten mixed up in a stockyards scandal yet got nomination for a second term anyway. Lincoln acquired 50.85 percent of the popular vote, and scored surprise electoral vote wins in Virginia, Tennessee, North Alabama and Cuba.
In the address he made to an audience in Chicago on election night, "Tad" Lincoln said: "My father, Abraham, did predict that this country could not endure half slave and half free, but we know that the weight of office and the principle of compromise brought slavery some additional land and more Slave State senators by the division of Southern states.
How can we outlaw child labor or provide a decent subsidy to the colonization programs which elderly slaves are entrusted to? How will a modern road system be financed when half the Senate approves gravel roads smoothed by local slaves? When will labor unions be recognized under federal law?
Friends, I see the solution as Secession. We, the non-slave states. ought to separate from the Slave States which have a malign influence in our daily affairs. With our own Congress, we shall have our own majority to do what comes natural to us, unhampered by the slaveholders.
And to my supporters in Virginia, Tennessee, North Alabama and Cuba, who voted for me knowing what I thought of slavery, I welcome you to the new Union I propose to form. Any state that is within twenty years of emancipation by the plan they have adopted may join the new Union I suggest".
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Tad Lincoln Era: US Civil War Source: Wikipedia Labels: Abraham Lincoln, Tad Lincoln, America, Civil War, North.


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These are two severe examples of filmmakers craving a suspension of disbelief that might be impossible. »»
A Playboy legend, an insane German, an Aztec creature and an Expendable are coming to Blu-ray. Late August won't be that bittersweet end to summer with three releases coming from Scream Factory. X-Ray/Schizoid is a double feature of healthcare scares »»
This is a fun erotic vampire romp, and is recommended for Hammer Horror fans. »»
Oopsie! It's been reported that Lindsay Lohan 'forgot' to pay her taxes in 2009. She owes $93,701.57 to the IRS, and if she doesn't pay up soon, the government can go after her assets to get the cash. Good thing she already showed her 'assets' to Pla »»
And you thought Girls Gone Wild was wild. »»
Playboy playmate goes from being a centerfold to getting the Paris Hilton treatment. »»
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Playboy still exists? »»
Ow! My eye!! »»
Lohan to star in movie about '70s porn starlet Linda Lovelace. »»
Real Housewives Of New York City star, Kelly Bensimon has signed on to appear on the cover of the March issue of Play with a six-page nude pictorial inside. Former Survivor Pearl Islands contestant, Christa Hastie Waydo also appears naked on the m »»
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The annoying blonde gets booted from Idol, Trump makes two very curious firings, and I think the team of Carrie Underwood/Reba McIntyre won The Amazing Race. »»
Phuket is probably high on the lists of "Names that sound dirty". »»
Everyone knows the story of Playboy creator Hugh Hefner by now. Hefner, now in his eighties is THE ultimate "playboy". Through the years, he has had multiple girlfriends, who are usually twenty-something and blonde. Four years ago, E! decided to create a reality TV series focusing on Hefner and his girlfriends living at the Playboy Mansion. Nobody could have imagined that this show would still be around today. While the fifth season of The Girls Next Door may have wrapped up on TV, and also finished up Holly, Kendra, and Bridget as Hef's girlfriends, the fourth season is now on DVD, letting us flashback to Hugh's life from a few years ago. »»
The Amazing Race - Episode 14-4 Teams flew to Siberia, during which the brothers accidentally called the cheerleaders who tried to pull a fast one, but the joke backfired as Things We Did Not See On Film occurred that resulted in Kisha and Jen, Team »»
Get Smart: The Complete Series is how the boxset of a beloved series should always be done. Longtime fans will bask in the bonus features. Recent fans will become immersed in the show. This boxset is ultimately a tribute to Don Adams. »»
Get ready to enjoy the The Girls Next Door: Season Four when it hits the shelves on January 27. As you probably know, Playboy founder Hugh Hefner has broken up his trio of girlfriends with Holly and Bridget out of his bed and transitioning from the mansion. Check out the press release for a collection of episodes that take us back to the time when America thought this quartet of crazy kids could last forever. »»
Well, it'll save on shipping anyway...not that I've ever purchased from them...or any one like them...honest...stop staring at me. »»

subset: commoncrawl


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Pamela Porter pleads guilty to laundering proceeds of crime, will be jailed...
Sinclair, Hutchinson named Canada's soccer players of the year
Kris Jenner and Bruce Jenner's divorce has been finalized after a judge...
Patricia Stephenson didn't mind prepaying for purchases on her RBC credit...
With 40,000 people falling victim to some form of it every year, sudden...
Mayor Doug Craig has a one per cent solution when it comes to municipal infrastructure woes in Ontario.
And he shared his solution during the Cambridge Chamber of Commerce's annual mayor's breakfast Wednesday at the Galt Country Club.
Craig told the crowd of about 200 business people that rules governing municipalities haven't changed since the British North America Act in 1867. And the primary sources of revenue – property tax and user fees – haven't changed since Confederation.
"Up until the recession, we were debt free," said Craig. "We went into debt to get $33 million in infrastructure funding. We were able to fix 125 km of roads and 16 pool and arenas. We also put in $6 million to get the Drayton Theatre. Why does it take a recession to get the city what it needs?"
Craig said Cambridge still has an infrastructure deficit of $150 million to deal with and, like other municipalities across the country, no way to fund it.
Ninety-one cents out of every tax dollar leaves Waterloo Region, said Craig.
"We need a new deal."
Craig said the needs of municipalities differ.
"The needs in Quebec City, Toronto, Vancouver are all different. One size fits all doesn't work for all municipalities," Craig said.
He believes that municipalities need to come together to talk to provincial and federal governments to work out a new deal on tax sharing and municipal powers.
"If we got one per cent of personal income taxes, that would mean another $6 million for this city," he said in calling for better fiscal balance and more powers over education and health care.
At Wednesday's Chamber event, Craig was joined by his Milton and Burlington counterparts – mayors Gordon Krantz and Rick Goldring.
Milton's acting chief administrative officer Bill Mann detailed the successes and challenges facing their municipality.
"We are Canada's fastest growing community. We operate like a business and that's worked out reasonably well for us," said Mann. "It's just a matter of time before what's happening in Milton is creeping up the 401."
Mann said growth in Milton has exploded since 2000 when municipal services expanded across Highway 401. In 2000, the town issued just one building permit. Today, it issues 2,000 building permits annually.
Meanwhile, Milton recently lost out in its efforts to get Metrolinx to double the GO Train rail lines out of Mississauga, so it could be another 15 years before that track is improved. That means an even longer wait to get Go Train service here.
Burlington Mayor Rick Goldring said his city has the opposite problem and is now the slowest growing city in the GTA.
"Our challenge is to thrive in a no-growth environment," he said.
Despite its dwindling coffers, Goldring said his city is working hard to maintain its high ranking for quality of life and city services.
All Tech Refrigeration & Appliance Repair in Cambridge, Ontario is an expert repair service for...
At Home Work & Play Inspections in Cambridge, Ontario, want Canadians to know that Health Canada...
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For most of us, our home is and will be the biggest and most prized investment in our lives. It's...


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Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh Lyrics – 3 Idiots
The Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh song from Rajkumar Hirani's 3 Idiots. If there are any mistakes in the Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh lyrics, kindly post below in the comments section, we will rectify it as soon as possible.
Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh – Bollywood Hindi Song Lyrics
Movie: 3 Idiots (2009)
Music Director:Shantanu Moitra
Director: Rajkumar Hirani
Lyricist: Swanand Kirkire
Starring: Aamir Khan, Madhavan, Kareena Kapoor, Sharman Joshi, Boman Irani
Song Title: Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh
Release Date: December 25, 2009
Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh Lyrics
Behti hawa sa tha woh
Udti patang sa tha woh
Kahan gaya usae dhoondo
Behti hawa sa tha woh
Udti patang sa tha woh
Kahan gaya usae dhoondo
Hum o to raahein thi chalati
Woh khud apni raah banata
Girta, sambhalta, masti mein chalta tha woh
Hum ko kal ki fikar sataati
Woh bus aaj ka jashn manaata
Har lamhe ko khul ke jeeta tha woh
Kahan se aaya tha woh
Chhoo ke humare dil ko
Kahan gaya usae dhoondo
Sulagti dhoop mein chhaaon ke jaisa
Raegistaan mein gaaon ke jaisa
Mann ke ghaav pe marham
Jaisa tha woh
Hum sahme se rehte koovein mein
Woh nadiya mein gotae lagata
Ulti dhara cheer ke tairta tha woh
Baadal awara tha woh
Yaar humara tha woh
Kahan gaya usae dhoondo
Hum ko to raahein thi chalati
Woh khud apni raah banata
Girta, sambhalta, masti mein chalta tha woh
Hum ko kal ki fikr sataati
Woh bus aaj ka jashn manaata
Har lamhe ko khul ke jeeta tha woh
Kahan se aaya tha woh
Chhoo ke humare dil ko
Kahan gaya usae dhoondo
Related Articles
indravadan: (November 11, 2009 at 10:33 am)
I thing you are the first who has added this movie's lyric… thnx!! :)
4 2
Tanmay: (November 14, 2009 at 1:03 am)
wow wow wat an emotinal song buddy,…. seems to remember my old buddies:( miss u guys v much ….Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh
1 5
Saurabh: (November 16, 2009 at 12:20 am)
This song is just melodious, an exception to the album.
Beautiful sung. Its really soothing.
Hmmmm behti hawa sa tha vo
1 3
rohit: (December 5, 2009 at 9:47 pm)
Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh "what a lovely song".. going crazy with tihs song.. shaan thank you for this wonderful glory.. u rock!!!! this song d biggest hit!!1
4 6
jyoti: (December 25, 2009 at 12:50 am)
a very beautiful song that wil touch everybodys heart and its dedicated to a dear friend
3 1
Ishita Bhattacharjee: (December 27, 2009 at 6:15 pm)
this song is wonderfull…the meaning of this song is very close to my heart…..i dedicate this song to my one love…come to me….plz
1 2
shrin: (December 28, 2009 at 1:53 pm)
i am so touched.wat a beautiful song!
3 3
anurag sharma: (December 28, 2009 at 2:05 pm)
This song is really touches the heart of every person who love thier friends and lost them now due to some reason. i saw the movie three time since its release. i loved the movie after "Rang de basanti" … ilove it very much..it encouraged the youth to support their frineds and also to the system to get udate with the trends.
Anurag sharma
2 2
Nazim Khan: (December 29, 2009 at 3:52 am)
Mindblowing song! Awesome lyrics and it simly reminds me of my college days!
Really missing my college buddies after hearing this song and last but not the least Aamir Khan you rock man another blockbuster hit of 2009 3 in a row.
2 1
yashvardhan: (December 29, 2009 at 7:07 pm)
hey….thanx fr dis song dear…..aftr listening to dis……i miss my old buddies….
2 1
Vishu: (December 30, 2009 at 2:54 am)
awesome song….very touchin!!
2 1
Trishita: (December 31, 2009 at 10:47 am)
Thanks for the lyrics of the most beautiful song of the year. Its just great…..and the film 3 idiots is just awesome :)
2 0
Nutan: (January 4, 2010 at 12:11 am)
wat a song man…!! It reminds me of my clloge days which I wud cherish throughout my life.It adds sweetness in the frndship life and I dedicate dis song to my dearest and sweetest friend who iz not with me now….
Dis a heart touching song and one of the best songs which I have ever heard.
All izz well……
Yaar hamara tha wooo
3 2
Sulakshana: (January 4, 2010 at 11:15 am)
This Song is really awesome, in terms of lyrics, composition, singing. Shaan is at his best as usual, one of the best songs of the year 2009 & hope this will continue to be the best song of 2010. Wishing the team of 3 idiots "Hearty Congratulations" to their efforts & success.
1 0
kshitiz: (January 5, 2010 at 6:10 pm)
Hum ko to raahein thi chalati
0 0
Frnd: (January 6, 2010 at 6:40 am)
Can anyone give me the actual meaning of this song in english coz im poor in hindi
0 0
isha: (January 10, 2010 at 9:42 pm)
its a luvly song that remind me of my friend hu passd away……. i dedicate it to him…..
behti hawa sa tha wo
kahan se aya tha wo chooke hamare dil ko
1 1
Ananya: (January 11, 2010 at 5:36 pm)
M just 18 & haven't lost any1 special from my life yet. Still after hearing this song i can understand how it feels to lose some1. The song is really awesome.
1 1
mona: (January 11, 2010 at 7:04 pm)
very touchable song. and i will dedicated this song to my love.
1 1
kushangi: (January 12, 2010 at 6:27 pm)
i really like the song of beti hawa sa tha wo it is the best songs for that song i can give 10outof10.BEST,BEST,BEST!
1 1
SHYAM: (January 13, 2010 at 10:17 pm)
Shaaan u rock:-)
1 1
Shaheryar: (January 14, 2010 at 1:17 am)
Hey Aamir u rock man! i luv this video nd movie too :-)
1 1
avinash: (January 20, 2010 at 11:34 pm)
amazing ,awesome song.
thanxxxx for the lyrics.
1 1
Puvaneswari: (January 21, 2010 at 7:38 pm)
I'm a Tamilian , but i can understand some of the Hindi words , & im trying my level best to learn them all … The songs just amazing ……. Is really nice to watch Aamir Khan's movie …. always with a beautiful, and useful storyline……..
Haer yaar … I just can't stop watching his movie over and over and over again .. simply i just love it….
0 1
yamini talwar: (January 22, 2010 at 6:54 pm)
wow!!!!!!!!!!what a song i love this song thanks shaan for the song…………….u rock &v love you…
0 0


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Jeremy Elkins' interests are primarily at the intersection of political and legal theory, and the study of institutions. He has written on the idea of constitutional rights, on the relation of popular sovereignty and constitutionalism, and on the nature of legal rules, and is currently writing on the function of war as a metaphor in domestic and foreign policy, and on a book about our competing commitments to the idea of law. His courses in public law (e.g., Constitutional Law, Administrative Jurisprudence) explore, in the context of particular legal controversies, broad themes of democratic theory—including the problem of how political regimes should treat various kinds of differences and various kinds of hierarchies, the relation of law and politics, and the nature of rights in the modern state. He also teaches a variety of courses in political theory, philosophy, and philosophy of law/jurisprudence, among them courses on Hegel; Nietzsche; the nature of law; democratic theories and problems; problems of modernity; constitutionalism; and sacrifice.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Office: Dalton Hall, Room 100E
Hours: Thursdays 3:45-5:15 or by appt.
Phone: 610-526-5391
Fall 2014
PoliSci 220: Topics in Constitutional Law
PoliSci 371: Topics in Political Philosophy-Politics, Law, Civil Society
Spring 2015
PoliSci 245: Philosophy of Law
PoliSci 378: Origins of American Consitutionalism
PoliSci 399 Senior Essay


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Gillian's Pizzadeli
Contact: (941) 953-7676
Tue-Sat: 6:30pm-4:00am
Sun: 6:30pm-11:00 Pm
Mon: Closed until the end of August
AMAZING PIZZA!! The best in Sarasota!
Gillian's Pizzadelli opened its doors at 1410 Main Street in Sarasota recently. Offering a wide selection of pizzas and deli sandwiches, as well as gelato, Gillian's is a positive addition to the neighborhood. All of their pizza dough is hand made in the store, hand tossed, and never frozen. The sauce is a secret recipe created by the head pizza chef, originally from Long Island, New York. When so many people brag about having New York style pizza, Gillian's doesn't brag…they just deliver.
A 4:00 a.m. closing time on Tuesday through Saturday makes Gillian's a perfect late night snack stop. After the clubs close, stop by Gillian's for some pizza or a sandwich. In a hurry? Pick up the Gillian's Special – 2 slices of cheese pizza and a soda for $4.99. It's always ready, so no waiting. Gillian's looks forward to becoming your favorite pizzadelli. Stop in soon for Gillian's authentic New York style pizza. You're going to love it!
We will be opening for lunches during the week soon. We deliver and cater, and we also make reservations to rent out the pizzeria for meetings and party's (afternoons).


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Sally Hershberger Go With The Blow Thermal Styler
Based on 1 Review
ErinAmazing Amazing Amazing!!I am a big fan of thermal stylers. I usually use Paul Mitchell but the second I tried this one, I will never go back. My hair was so soft, smooth, shiny and healthy looking after I blow-dried it. I absolutely adore this product and will use it over and over.1 out of 1 shoppers thought this review was helpful.
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Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 32 projects made from this yarn and much more? join Ravelry now What am I missing?
yarns Galler Yarns Adorable
© Galler Yarns
© Galler Yarns Adorable 1301 Pale Yellow
Adorable is a super soft, cuddly blend of premium Baby Alpaca and Silk with a smooth, shiny texture.
Galler Yarn is spun from alpacas who are lovingly raised and tended 10,000 feet above sea level in the Andes mountains of Peru. Living at high altitudes in freezing cold, these animals have softer hair with more thermal capacity than their lowland cousins.
Baby alpaca is the finest and most luxurious hair from these alpacas. Silk adds luminosity and stability. Blended together, Adorable provides lightness in weight, yet delivers superior insulation. It is naturally hypoallergenic and durable.
This yarn was formerly known as Cupcake.


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Imperial Rome
General Information
- Type:
- Sightseeing
- Price from:
- 160 EUR /person
- Phone:
- +390657305406
- Fax:
- +39065745900
- Payment Types:
- Cash
- Credit Card
- Cheque
- Travellers cheque
- Paypal
- Wire Transfer
- Duration:
- 4 hours
- Location Start:
- rome city
- Location Finish:
- rome city
- Start time:
- 09.00 am
- End time:
- 01.00 pm
- We Speak:
- English
Last updated: 06/21/2006
Our 'Imperial Rome' tour is blast into the citys ancient past, when it ruled the world in style and grandeur.
We will show you why Rome was the great imperial seat from which the most of the known
Day 1
Our 4-hour tour gets underway at the Forum, Imperial Rome's vibrant social centre, marketplace and central location for worship and government offices. Just outside the marketplace is the world's largest marble column :Trajan's Columun. The Forum was also conveniently near to the Emperor's palace on the Palatine Hill, and the city's public entertainment centre, the Colosseum : our next stop. Before leaving this ancient hub, your guide will lead you along a brief tour of the surrounding monuments and converted pagan temples that still dominate the Forum, like the church of Sts. Cosimus and Damian containing Bernini sculptures, the Marmentine Prison. Then you are in poll position for a lap around the ancient race-track of Circus Maximus, while passing by the Baths of Caracalla along the backside of Palatine Hill. Last Stop: the Cathedral of Pagan Rome. Our tour concludes at Piazza della Rotunda :where we will lead you to visit imperial Rome's cathedral of pagan temples :the Pantheon, its name borrowed from the Greek meaning for all the gods.
Extra Information
- Extras -
- We inform our clients that in order to ensure top quality service, our drivers are trained to give informative explanations of the local areas you visit .
Yet strict Italian tourist board regulations prohibit chauffeurs from commenting excessively at official tourist sites outside their vehicles. This is agreement with labour union agreements struck with licensed walking tour guides. They can, of course, speak to you from inside the vehicle anywhere organized tourism is in place.
Couldn't find what you're looking for? Check out more tours & excursions in Rome
1-day tours
- Jewish Tour Jewish Rome - from 200 EUR
- Rome Wine Tasting - from 35 EUR
- Rome City Center Wine Art Tour - from 80 EUR
- Wine & Dine in Rome - from 55 EUR
- Vatican VIP Entrance Tour - from 35 EUR
- 3 Hour Vatican Walking Tour Rome - from 170 EUR
- Rome Cruiser Bike Tour - from 49 EUR
- My Italians Wine Tasting - from 50 EUR
- Vatican & Sistine Chapel Tour - from 30 EUR
- Archaeological Rome - from 141 EUR
- Rome Segway Tours - from 75 EUR
- Vatican City Tour - from 0 EUR
- Medieval Rome - from 160 EUR
- Imperial Rome & Fountains - from 300 EUR
- Vatican Museums & Imperial Rome - from 480 EUR
- Renaissance and Baroque Rome - from 160 EUR
- Rome Underground - from 160 EUR
- Vatican Museums Tour - from 260 EUR
- Rome Romantic Tour by Night - from 192 EUR
- Roman Castles - from 225 EUR
Long tours
- Rome Package Special Deal - 4 days from 479 USD
- Historical and Cultural Tour to Rome & Florence - 7 days from 739 EUR
- Italy By Eurostar Train - 10 days from 1999 USD
- Travel Europe on Any Budget - 3 days from 410 USD
- Rome Shopping Guide - 2 days from 60 EUR
- Rome & Florence & Venice - 10 days from 2800 USD
Email the tour operator - Imperial Rome
Important Notice : Avoiding Fraud
It's rare, but some helpful hints to watch out for with regards to fraud:
- It is important to NEVER wire funds or use/employ other fund transfer mechanisms such as western union: Always use a credit card to protect yourself against fraud. If owners pressure you into providing a deposit or refuse to accept credit cards, there is a high probability that this is a scam.
- If at all suspicious of fraud, ask to see their website, or any other literature they can provide or send to you. Ask them for contact details for guests who have previously stayed on their property insisting on telephone numbers. Be suspicious of emails that originate from free email services (yahoo, hotmail, gmail, etc)
- Research the property thoroughly on the internet to see if there is any history or mention of scams associated with the property.


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Europe (Subscribe)
Centre of Italian Courses Otranto nel Mondo
Learn Italian by the sea in Otranto, City of Art. By arrangement with the Perugia Universtity for Foreign Students, the school is an examination centre for the Certificates in Italian Language
Cracovia Academy of Polish Language and Culture
Cracovia Academy offers Polish language study holidays including adventure travel. With our programs you can combine intensive Polish language study with tours of Medieval Krakow (Cracow), together with Sky-diving, glider-flights, balooning and hiking.
Fiddlers Retreat
Fiddlers Retreat offers a unique Irish holiday experience, learn Traditional Irish music on fiddle, and enjoy home cooking, daily sightseeing tours, and night-time traditional Irish music sessions. Hosted by Theresa Bourke, former violinist with Bru Boru and Michael Flatley's Lord of the Dance.
Disappointed with last years' travel photos? Unsure how to capture the most from your travels on film? Perhaps you want to experiment with different photographic techniques, or are interested in trying to get your work published? Our Weekend Travel Photography courses are a convenient and enjoyable way to learn how to take the travel photo's you've always wanted.
Learn Spanish in Spain
Learn Spanish abroad with Lingua. Study Spanish in Spain. Courses at language schools in Madrid, Barcelona, Malaga, Granada, Salamanca and San Sebastian.
Malaca Instituto - Learn Spanish, Spanish Courses in Malaga, Spain
Since 1971, Malaca Instituto has gained an enviable international reputation and widely recognised being one of the best language schools in Spain.
Spanish courses in Spain
Here you can find the best Spanish Schools in the most attractive towns of Spain.


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The Ritz-Carlton Lodge, Reynolds Plantation
Greensboro, GA 30642
The Ritz-Carlton Lodge, Reynolds Plantation is a AAA Five Diamond resort, providing guests legendary Ritz-Carlton service highlighted by gracious southern hospitality. The Lodge is recognized as one of the "Greatest Hotels and Resorts in the World" by Travel + Leisure (2009 T+L500) and is named one of 50 Top Resorts in the U.S. by Zagat (Zagat Survey 2009). The 251-room resort is located on the stunning Lake Oconee in Greensboro, Georgia, with 99 holes of golf designed by the greatest architects of the game, Mobil Four-Star-rated Spa with southern-inspired service and exclusive Lodge adventures from fishing for large mouth bass to horseback riding and canoeing.
Info & Amenities
Hours of Operation
Sunday: All Day
Monday: All Day
Tuesday: All Day
Wednesday: All Day
Thursday: All Day
Friday: All Day
Saturday: All Day
Golf on Site
Facility Amenities
24-hour Room Service, Banquet Room / Clubhouse, Bar/Lounge, Catering on Site, Concierge Service, Exercise Room/Fitness Center, Full-Service Business Center, Full-Service Restaurant, Gift Shop, Gift Shop / Boutique, Golf Nearby, Group Tournament Coordination, Indoor Pool, Laundry, Lodging On Site, Meeting Facilities, Meeting Space Available, Outdoor Pool, Parking on Site, Party Facilities, Pool, Pool/Whirlpool (ADA Compliant), Restaurant on Site, Salon, Sauna / Steam Room, Spa on Site, Valet Parking
General Information
Family-friendly, Pets Accepted, Wedding & Honeymoon
Group Amenities
Internet Connectivity
Wi-Fi in Public Space, Wi-Fi In-Room
Near Interstate Highway
Payment Options
American Express, Discover, Mastercard, Visa
Bicycle, Boat Rental, Pontoon, Ski Boat
Room Amenities
Hair Dryer, In-Room Coffee Maker, In-Room Mini Bar, In-Room Safe, Iron/Ironing Board, Room Service
Room Type
1-Bedroom Units, 2-Bedroom Units, 3+ Bedroom Units, Suites
Services Offered
Aromatherapy, Body Treatments, Couples Treatments, Facials, Hair, Makeup, Massage, Nails, Outdoor Treatments, Skin, Special Pregnancy Services, Waxing, Wedding Day
Setting & Style
Historic & Charming, Luxurious & Elegant, Romantic, Rustic & Natural
Special Tags
Suitable for Ages
All Ages
Discover With You Package
Packages starting at $339 per night
Valid : 01/01/2014 - 12/31/2014
Enjoy deluxe accommodations, daily American breakfast for two and daily resort credit. Overnight accommodations in a resort view guestroom or an executive suite. Daily American breakfast for two each morning in Georgia's Bistro. $100 resort credit per night. S'mores welcome amenity. PROMO CODE: Z13
706-467-0600Rate is per room/per night, based on single or double occupancy, exclusive of taxes, gratuities, fees and other charges; does not apply to groups; cannot be combined with any other offer and is not applicable for Rewards redemption. Advanced reservations are required. No refund or credit for unused portion. Void where prohibited. Offer is subject to availability. Offer is valid through Dec. 31, 2014. Daily breakfast is available in select hotel restaurants and not valid for in-room dining. Destination Experience is per stay and varies by hotel. Credit is applied per night, has no cash value, and is not valid on room rate, alcohol, or third party services.


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Channel 6 News - Search Results
Schenectady man accused of beating dog
SCHENECTADY -- The son of a woman in jail accused of beating her grandson to death is facing serious charges himself. Investigators say he abused his dog.
A witness claims that man, DC Dunkel, hit the dog on two separate occasions. Once Dunkel may have used a shovel, though investigators now say it's likely punching and kicking.
The SPCA calls his actions "depraved and sadistic." Dunkel has been charged with aggravated animal cruelty. Dunkel claims he was disciplining his dog, and that his family remains under the microscope for the wrong reason.
"I don't abuse my dog he's a family dog," Dunkel said. "I have pictures to prove it."
Nevertheless, Dunkel's dog is in another house now -- in the care of an SPCA volunteer.
"One of the first things we did was bring it to get vet care," said David Dean, Schenectady County SPCA. "Sadly the vet found some broken teeth in the animal's mouth and we believe that could be related to abuse."
Dunkel didn't think his discipline was criminal. "I hit him one time on the side of my house because he ripped the cable wires and he ate my brand new pool pump," he said.
A kick and a punch now investigated by the SPCA and the District Attorney after a neighbor across the street tipped them off.
"He kicked the dog just like a football," said Gaston Hooks. "I got it all on tape. That's abuse. That's definitely abuse."
Dunkel is now caring for his siblings after his mother, Gloria Nelligan, went to jail -- she's accused of beating her grandchild to death. Nelligan's son says he took the dog in, off the street and out of the snow, around the same time his mother got in trouble.
"Me and my family are a normal family," Dunkel said. "We're doing what we're supposed to do. My sisters are in school right now, they're all on the honor roll."
Both the accused and the accuser are not strangers to police. Dunkel faces a felony charge for punching out Hooks' van window. That's the neighbor who turned him in for the alleged abuse, and Hooks was convicted for perjury and tampering with evidence some years ago.
Hooks' tape is being reviewed by the District Attorney.