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|Man seeketh in society comfort, use and protection.
– Francis Bacon
|Man sometimes needs only stillness, just stillness!
– Mehmet Murat ildan
|Man spends his life in reasoning on the past, in complaining of the present, in fearing future.
– Antoine Rivarol
|Man stands in his own shadow and wonders why it's dark.
– Zen Proverb
|Man supposes that he directs his life and governs his actions, when his existence is irretrievably under the control of destiny.
– Johann von Goethe
|Man talking confidently about God is like a toy talking confidently about man.
– B. J. Gupta
|Man was lost if he went to a usurer, for the interest ran faster than a tiger upon him.
– Pearl S. Buck
|Man was predestined to have free will.
– Hal Lee Luyah
|Man who has lived through so many storms will either worship the tranquillity or will detest it!
– Mehmet Murat ildan
|Man who man would be, must rule the empire of himself.
– Percy Bysshe Shelley
|Man who say it cannot be done should not interrupt man doing it.
– Chinese Proverb
|Man who stand on hill with mouth open will wait long time for roast duck to drop in.
– Confucius
|Man will always remain an unsuccessful creature till he stops being a mortal being!
– Mehmet Murat ildan
|Man will become immeasurably stronger, wiser, and subtler; his body will become more harmonious, his movements more rhythmic, his voice more musical. The forms of life will become dynamically dramatic. The average human type will rise to the heights of an Aristotle, a Goethe, or a Marx. And above these heights, new peaks will rise.
– Leon Trotsky
|Man will do many things to get himself loved he will do all things to get himself envied.
– Mark Twain
|Man will occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of the time he will pick himself up and continue on.
– Winston Churchill
|Man will occasionally stumble over the truth, but usually manages to pick himself up, walk over or around it, and carry on.
– Winston Churchill, Quoted in: Irving Klotz, Bending perception, a book review, Nature, 1996, Volume 379, p 412
|Man with all his noble qualities, with sympathy which feels for the most debased, with benevolence which extends not only to other men but to the humblest living creature, with his god-like intellect which has penetrated into the movements and constitution of the solar system- with all these exalted powers- Man still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin.
– Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man 1871
|Man without compassion is the coldest thing ever in the universe!
– Mehmet Murat ildan
|Man without religion is the creature of circumstances.
– Augustus Hare
|Man works for an object. Remove that object and you reduce him into inaction.
– Dr. Jose P. Rizal
|Man! What are you? Who are you? Just a shadow in this universe! You always forget this and the truth will always remind you what you really are! Do you want to be a real thing, not just a shadow? Improve your science ten thousand times; improve your science hundred thousand times! If you can't improve your science, you will remain as a miserable shadow!
– Mehmet Murat ildan
|Man's best possession is a sympathetic wife.
– Euripides
|Man's biological weakness is the condition of human culture.
– Erich Fromm
|Man's capacity for justice makes democracy possible but man's inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary.
– Reinhold Niebuhr


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State of the union: Where does your state rank?
Published On: Jan 27 2014 02:42:32 PM CST
Updated On: Apr 30 2014 02:00:38 PM CDT
Updated On: Apr 30 2014 02:00:38 PM CDT
Politico Magazine has ranked the states from worst to best, see where your state ranks as we take a look at the list in this slideshow.
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus

subset: commoncrawl


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Are You Placing Too Much Faith in the 'Risk-On' ETF Trade?
What about the smaller companies stateside? For the most part, we're still witnessing a preference for larger, well-known brand names over the perceived risks associated with the lesser-knowns. The iShares Russell 2000 (IWM) price ratio to the S&P 500 may demonstrate a bit more "give-n-take" between large company stock and small company stock, but the momentum still favors the largest corporations.
The take-home? If you're going to allocate more to stocks, don't get sucked in by an erroneous notion that money is pouring back into the highest-beta, most-volatile assets.
Exchange-traded vehicles like
Vanguard Dividend Growth
(VIG) and
Vanguard High Dividend Yield
(VYM) are still providing more reward for the volatility than the above-mentioned competition... and even there I strongly recommend the
This article is commentary by an independent contributor, separate from TheStreet's regular news coverage.Disclosure Statement: ETF Expert is a website that makes the world of ETFs easier to understand. Gary Gordon, Pacific Park Financial and/or its clients may hold positions in ETFs, mutual funds and investment assets mentioned. The commentary does not constitute individualized investment advice. The opinions offered are not personalized recommendations to buy, sell or hold securities. At times, issuers of exchange-traded products compensate Pacific Park Financial or its subsidiaries for advertising at the ETF Expert website. ETF Expert content is created independently of any advertising relationships. You may review additional ETF Expert at the site.
Gary Gordon reads: Real Clear Markets
Jeff Miller
Charles Kirk
On Twitter, Gary Gordon follows: Jonathan Hoenig
Doug Kass
Hard Assets Investor
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I currently live with my boyfriend in a rental apartment. I really hate renting and want to buy property and though I can afford to buy something on my own, my boyfriend can't and is putting a lot of restrictions of what kind of housing he'd be willing to move into. For example, he knows I can only afford a condo or co-op, but has said he'll only live in a private house, and basically, if I buy an apartment, our relationship is over. Everything in the place we're currently living in is broken and we have a lot of problems with our landlord, so even if I don't find something to buy, I would still like to move when the lease is up, but my boyfriend even has a lot of requirements for that. He has to have parking and outdoor space for a grill, but we live in New York, and finding a rental we could afford that has both those amenities is very hard. We've lived together for four years and I cannot picture my life without him, but I feel that his laundry list of requirements and preferences for housing are keeping me from moving out of a place I really hate living in, and holding me back from doing something that would really benefit me. How can I make him understand how important it is to me to move, and hopefully into something I own and not just rent? How can I make him understand that we are wasting money on rent? At the very least I would like to move into a cheaper rental so I could save money to purchase a home. He would also be able to save money too, but all he sees is that parking spot! — Wants To Move
Zergnet: Simply Irresistible
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|• • • You are viewing the Public LWA shop. Members login to view your exclusive items. • • •
LWA Calling Cards
Make more pen pals with these calling cards. Space to write your name, address, where you met and any other details you would like to include. We also use these as little notes to give to people or when we need to write down a book or movie for someone. You get 24 cards for your writing pleasure.
Calling Cards $6
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What is ADHD?
ADHD is a neurobiological disorder and is the most common psychiatric disorder diagnosed in children, affecting five to 12 per cent of school-age children, according to the Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance (CADDRA). The numbers can be further broken down by gender, with some eight to 10 per cent of boys and three to four per cent of girls under the age of 18 diagnosed as having ADHD.
ADHD has three key components or symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. And how these symptoms cause impairment determines the subtype of ADHD one is diagnosed with. These subtypes are the combined subtype (which involves all three symptoms and is the most common type of ADHD), the hyperactive-impulsive subtype and the inattentive subtype.
ADHD is a highly genetic condition, determining some 80 per cent of cases, explains Dr. Margaret Weiss, a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of British Columbia and a world-renowned expert in the field. The other 20 per cent of ADHD cases may be linked to environmental factors, such as traumatic brain injury, lead poisoning, prenatal events and alcohol or cigarette exposure in utero.
"When ADHD is present, it causes a lot of impairment. It's not something you have to go looking for," explains Weiss. Although children may be symptomatic as early as age 4, the condition is more apparent when children transition into Grade 1, where they must sit and work for extended periods of time. Fuller understanding tends to occur around Grade 3, when the children themselves may realize something is wrong, perhaps due to rejection by classmates, trouble with schoolwork or conflict with parents.
Parents may notice that their child:
• has difficulty getting ready in the morning without supervision
• may fight during any attention-demanding tasks, such as homework
• may be preoccupied with attention-relieving tasks, such as Lego or Internet games
About half of the children who have ADHD may also be oppositional, displaying temper tantrums or defiance.
At school, teachers may find that a child:
• is not focusing
• does not complete his work
• marches to the beat of his own drummer
• has difficulty meeting his academic potential because he focuses on the wrong task
ADHD also comes with associated features, though not all children have them. These features may include:
• bedwetting
• ear infections
• problems with coordination
• learning disabilities
• sleep apnea


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Jeffrey J. Koziczkowski, 43, Milladore, died Sunday, April 22, 2012 at his home.
Funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. Friday at Shuda Funeral Chapel in Stevens Point, with Deacon Richard Rozumalski officiating. Burial will be in Guardian Angel Cemetery in Stevens Point.
Visitation was scheduled to be held at the funeral chapel from 4 to 8 p.m. Thursday, with a Bible vigil at 7 p.m., and from 10 to 10:45 a.m. Friday.
A memorial will be established in his name.
Condolences may be offered online at www.shudafuneral.com.
Mr. Koziczkowski was born April 3, 1969, in Edgerton, a son of Ronald and Sandra (Lucas) Koziczkowski. As a child he moved with his family to the Stevens Point area, where he graduated from St. Stephen Elementary School and in 1987 from Pacelli High School. He later earned a bachelor's degree.
He began his career at the Marshfield Clinic as a food safety/zoonotic technologist and has traveled the U.S. in his 14 years with the clinic. He also had several of his research works published.
He was married to Heidi Bair in 1990. They later divorced.
He was Norlie Torcuato in 1998. They later divorced.
Survivors include two daughters, Winter and Madeline Koziczkowski; his parents, Milladore; two sisters, Kim (Fred) Freeman, Hartford, and Jenny (Todd) Rozumalski, Stevens Point; one brother, Mike (Angela), Milladore; and his paternal grandmother, Sophie Koziczkowski, Stevens Point.
He was also preceded in death by his maternal grandparents, Archie and Irene Lucas; his paternal grandfather, Henry Koziczkowski and one cousin, Dawn Lucas.


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Compatible with any standard plastisol, hot peel, and sublimination transfers. Complete with pressure and temperature controls and timer. Made of all steel construction. Soil resistant 3/8" pad.
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Play Fanorona Online
Looking for a site where you can play Fanorona online? We are currently compiling a list of board games you can play online. Soon, we will have more information about where you can play Fanorona online.
Fanorona is a strategy board game for two players. The game is indigenous to Madagascar.
Fanorona has three standard versions: Fanoron-Telo, Fanoron-Dimy, and Fanoron-Tsivy. The difference between these variants is the size of board played on. Fanoron-Telo is played on a 3×3 board and the difficulty of this game can be compared to the game of tic-tac-toe. Fanoron-Dimy is played on a 5×5 board and Fanoron-Tsivy is played on a 9×5 board – Tsivy being the most popular. Black and white pieces, twenty-two each, are arranged on all points but the center. The objective of the game is to capture all the opponents pieces. The game is a draw if neither player succeeds in this. Capturing is done by either approaching or withdrawing from opponent's pieces.
Fanorona is very popular in Madagascar. According to one version of a popular legend, an astrologer had advised King Ralambo (1575-1610) to choose his successor by selecting a time when his sons were away from the capital to feign sickness and urge their return; his kingdom would be given to the first son who returned home to him. When the king's messenger reached Ralambo's elder son Prince Andriantompokondrindra, he was playing fanorona and trying to win a telo noho dimy (3 against 5) situation, one that is infamously difficult to resolve. As a result, his younger brother Prince Andrianjaka was the first to arrive and inherited the throne.
The Fanorona board consists of lines and intersections, creating a grid with 5 rows and 9 columns. A line represents the path along which a stone can move during the game. There are weak and strong intersections. At a weak intersection it is only possible to move a stone horizontally and vertically, while on a strong intersection it is also possible to move a stone diagonally. A stone can only move from one intersection to an adjacent intersection.
Rules of Play
There exist variations of the rules; this is the main variant.
- Players alternate turns, starting with White.
- We distinguish two kinds of moves, non-capturing and capturing moves. A non-capturing move is called a paika move.
- A paika move consists of moving one stone along a line to an adjacent intersection.
- Capturing moves are obligatory and have to be played in preference to paika moves.
- Capturing implies removing one or more pieces of the opponent. It can be done in two ways, either (1) by approach or (2) by withdrawal.
- An approach is moving the capturing stone to a point adjacent to an opponent stone provided that the stone is on the continuation of the capturing stone's movement line.
- A withdrawal works analogously to an approach except that the movement is away from the opponent stone.
- When an opponent stone is captured, all opponent pieces in line behind that stone (as long as there is no interruption by an empty point or an own stone) are captured as well.
- If a player can do an approach and a withdrawal at the same time, he has to choose which one he plays.
- As in checkers, the capturing piece is allowed to continue making successive captures, with these restrictions:
- The piece is not allowed to arrive at the same position twice.
- It is not allowed to move a piece in the same direction as directly before in the capturing sequence. This can happen if an approach follows on a withdrawal.
- The game ends when one player captures all stones of the opponent. If neither player can achieve this, the game is a draw.
Using 10.000 games with Alpha-beta pruning players the game-tree complexity and state-space complexity can be computed. It turns out that Fanorona has a game-tree complexity of 1046 and a state-space complexity of 1021.
In 2007 the game of Fanorona and smaller variants has been solved weakly. It turns out that this game is a draw. Both the moves f2-e3A and d3-e3A lead to a draw.
Do you know a website where you can play Fanorona online? Let us know!


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Eco-Innovation Initiative 2013
As investment in clean technologies is constrained by the current economical situation, in 2008, EU has launched the call for projects "CIP Eco-Innovation" for 2013 with an available budget of EUR 31,585,000. It is aimed at projects concerned with the first commercial application of techniques, processes or practices for eco-innovative community interest whose evidence has already been successful, but that due to the new technology risk... Read More
A Tri-generation Model
This business model shows a possibility of sustainable supply of cooling, heating and power to an industry area through an trigeneration CCHP (combined cooling, heat and power) plant, based on biomass (woodchips and/or waste wood). Local different SMEs set up together a GBE factory, which use the generated energy in their company buildings. On an industrial area a trigeneration plant based on wood (wood chips & waste wood) is established. It... Read More


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Contact Don Ledford, Public Affairs ● (816) 426-4220 ● 400 East Ninth Street, Room 5510 ● Kansas City, MO 64106
KANSAS CITY, Mo. – John F. Wood, United States Attorney for the Western District of Missouri, announced that three owners and operators of Asian massage parlors in Johnson County, Kan., pleaded guilty in federal court today to engaging in human trafficking by coercing their employees, whom they recruited from China, to engage in prostitution.
"Human trafficking is a modern-day form of slavery that reaches from the other side of the globe to the suburban Midwest," Wood said. "Chinese women were recruited to travel to Kansas City, then coerced to work as prostitutes at massage parlors. These businesses have been shut down and the owners brought to justice. We have also provided social services to assist their victims."
Ling Xu, also known as "Cherry," 46, Zhong Yan Liu, also known as "Lucky," 36, and Cheng Tang, also known as "Tom," 22, all citizens of China residing in Overland Park, pleaded guilty in separate appearances this morning before U.S. District Judge Fernando J. Gaitan. Each of the defendants pleaded guilty to coercing persons to travel across state lines and national borders to engage in prostitution and illegal sexual services. They also pleaded guilty to money laundering by wiring more than $500,000 from the proceeds of that unlawful activity to China. Xu also pleaded guilty to aggravated identity theft for using the passports and identification of her female workers in order to make most of those wire transfers. All three defendants remain in federal custody.
Xu and Liu are married to other persons, with whom they have limited contact, and were living together with Xu's son, Tang. Xu, Liu and Tang were involved in operating China Rose Massage and China Villa Massage/Lin Dynasty in Overland Park and, at the times charges were filed, were preparing to open Victoria Square in Overland Park. They also operated a nearby residence that was utilized for prostitution.
Co-defendant Hongmei Madole, also known as Hongmei Zhou, 32, of Olathe, Kan., pleaded guilty on April 24, 2008, to coercing persons to travel across state lines and national borders to engage in prostitution and illegal sexual services. Madole was the owner of Asian Touch Massage in Olathe.
Xu, Liu and Tang recruited female Asians to travel to the Kansas City area to work as masseuses. They facilitated the women's travel, including, but not limited to, booking and purchasing the flights for the women. They would fly the women in to the Kansas City, Mo., International Airport and then transport or have them transported to the businesses. Xu and Tang signed massage therapy license applications, as the manager of the businesses, for the females to obtain massage therapy licenses with the city of Overland Park.
Xu, Liu and Tang placed advertisements in the Kansas City magazine, The Pitch, which stated the massage parlors offered, for example, "The most elegant environment and the most comfortable atmosphere in town. With free table shower and free Sauna!" The advertisements stated that the massage parlors were open seven days a week, from 9 a.m. until 11 p.m. Tang also posted and maintained advertisements for the business at ASPD.net, a website where male customers posted reviews of the sexual services offered by China Rose and China Villa Massage/Lin Dynasty.
The female Asians who worked for Xu, Liu and Tang worked from 9 a.m. to 11 p.m. seven days a week and lived inside the massage parlors. Xu, Liu and Tang operated surveillance cameras inside the massage parlors to monitor the female Asian workers. Inside the massage parlors, female Asian workers were forced to perform sexual services on male patrons in exchange for money. Xu, Liu and Tang also utilized a nearby apartment, within walking distance of one of the massage parlors, to have the female Asian workers provide extended sexual services to some of the male patrons.
Xu and Liu purchased supplies to be used in the prostitution activities, including bulk orders of condoms that were provided to the females for use while engaging in the prostitution activities.
Xu, Liu and Tang used businesses, such as 888 Market and Ho's Oriental Market, to wire at least $452,500 in proceeds from the prostitution businesses, via Western Union, to several locations in China. Xu wired at least $343,600 in this manner from 2005 to 2006. Of this amount, Xu wired $318,600 by illegally taking and using her female worker's passports and identification. Liu wired at least $74,500 and Tang wired at least $34,400.
Xu was the head of these businesses, as the lead owner and operator. Xu also employed and paid Liu and Tang for their work and assistance in the commission of the offenses.
By pleading guilty today, Xu, Liu, and Tang also agreed to forfeit to the government $452,500, which represented the proceeds of the unlawful activity, as well as $60,497 that was seized by the FBI during the execution of federal search warrants at the defendants' residences and businesses.
Xu is a native and citizen of China. She has resided in the United States under a legal status because she filed a asylum application upon her entry, which has not been adjudicated and has remained in "pending" status. Liu entered the United States on a visitors visa which expired in 2001. He remained in the United States illegally thereafter. Madole is a native of China who is a conditional resident alien in the United States based upon marriage to a U.S. citizen.
Under federal statutes, Xu, Liu and Tang are each subject to a sentence of up to 40 years in federal prison without parole. Xu is also subject to an additional mandatory term of two years in federal prison without parole for aggravated identity theft, which must be served consecutively to her sentence on the other offenses. Madole could be subject to a sentence of up to 20 years in federal prison without parole. Sentencing hearings will be scheduled after the completion of presentence investigations by the United States Probation Office.
This case is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorney Cynthia L. Cordes. It was investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the police departments of Overland Park, Kan., Olathe, Kan., Mission, Kan., Lenexa, Kan., and Independence, Mo., and the Kansas Bureau of Investigation.
This news release, as well as additional information about the office of the United States Attorney for the Western District of Missouri, is available on-line at


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I'll try to provide some knowledge of lantern making. Today, we talk about how to use the waste material to make a lantern, I think it's very similar to the production methodof Chinese lanterns.
The process of manufacture
Reference picture
More about How to make lantern
Xie Xie. Thank you for your tutorial. It was perfect for my needs. I hope to make a dozen lanterns and hang above my patio for a little party of friends. It will look wonderful at night here in Florida, USA. It is not a fancy party, just a fun get together.
Ni hau! xie xie pelas informações, sou encantada com as coisas da China, e vou tentar fazer uma lanterna. Obrigada
It's a good one but it's hard to get the materials


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Air Date:Sunday, Oct 13th - 8:00pm
Episode Title:The Paradise: Part Two
When a baby is found in the Ladieswear department, everyone at The Paradise becomes caught up in the commotion. The secrets of more than one employee are revealed, and emotions run high as reactions to the infant differ. Denise is faced with a situation that forces her to use all her cunning and take a bold step.
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… Colin McKay has some thoughts about design, data, management, internet policy … written in Canada!
Skip to content
Past Thoughts
Past Work
May 2006
There's a Colonel Parker behind every MySpace phenom!
Using Flickr the right way
Mandatory labelling for "truthiness"
Yoga, retail and public relations; Vancouver style
Designers and online conversations, with a bit of David Byrne
Long tail marketing: it's not about the money, it's about the idea
Paul Harvey: got more hits than Sadaharu Oh!
Wave Babies, lyin' on the sand
Multi-author blogs and Strumpette
Hey client! Two minutes for looking so good, you handsome devil!
Integrated marketing communications at the local Co-op grocery
MESH 06: the intellectual and motivational hangover
MESH: a room full of sweaty and nervous idealists
Social Media for the 70s – with a satin jacket and leather pants
Maybe I'll see you at MESH …
How to avoid customer cooties
Crisis for activism in Finland?
Ridin in my 5.0 … Riding in my 3.8 four on the floor with three gas plasma monitors
This stale PR-driven survey just needs some BBQ sauce
Yves Behar: hints on bringing ideas to life
Online communities, bikers and the 1% rule
Hacked and unmonitored transit advertising could undermine your campaign
Strumpette and Flava Flav – Don't Believe the Hype!
Once again, Laura Ries is wrong. This time about donuts.
Apologize or go to court: how much does that hurt?
"Girls on Film" and your nosy neighbours


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- Home
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Nutrition Lab Testing in Scottsdale, AZ
It's What's Inside That Counts
A healthy lifestyle requires a balance of good nutrition, as well as recognizing any allergies, sensitivities and intolerances your body may have to certain foods and other substances. Take Control of Your Health® with one of our nutrition lab testing services. These lab tests determine if you have any a vitamin, mineral or other deficiencies.
Now is a good time to check your vitamin and mineral levels. Lab testing results will provide insight into what dietary changes you may need to make to improve your overall health. Nutrition-based lab tests include:
- Vitamin D 25-Hydroxy
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- Micronutrient Test, measuring your body's ability to absorb 32 vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other essential nutrients
- Nutritional Panel
Some foods may just not be the right choices for you and your body. Have you suffered from symptoms such as stomach cramping or bloating, nausea after eating, migraines or heartburn after eating? You may have a food intolerance food sensitivity, or a food allergy, and we have the right lab tests for you to choose from. Visit our Allergy, Sensitivity and Intolerance Testing page to learn more about testing options.
We invite you to download our eBook, "Allergies, Sensitivities and Intolerances: Do You Know The Difference?" to help you Take Control of Your Health®.
Give us a call or schedule your appointment online today.
ANY LAB TEST NOW®Get Directions 8989 E. Via Linda, Suite 111
Scottsdale, AZ 85258-5416
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"Over the past 3 years, I have struggled with getting my hormones balanced. As a result, I have had to have blood work run as often as every week at Any Lab Test Now. Everyone there has always been so kind and helpful, even on days when I walk in on the verge of tears. I have to specifically commend Laura on how prompt, professional and compassionate she has always been. I would recommend Any Lab Test Now to anyone who needs blood work done!"
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Principal, William R. & Gretchen B. Kimball Chair
Carey Bell became SFS Principal Clarinet and occupant of the William R. and Gretchen B. Kimball Chair in September 2007 and made his solo debut with the Orchestra in 2008, in Mozart's Clarinet Concerto. He has held principal positions with the San Francisco Opera Orchestra and the Syracuse Symphony, and he has served as acting principal clarinet of the San Francisco Ballet Orchestra, and as guest principal clarinet with the Philadelphia Orchestra. A former member of the San Francisco Contemporary Music Players, Mr. Bell has performed with numerous local orchestras and chamber ensembles across the Bay Area and has taught at Stanford University. His summer engagements have included Music@Menlo, the Oregon Bach Festival, Music in the Vineyards, the Telluride Chamber Music Festival, and the Skaneateles Music Festival. Mr. Bell received degrees in performance and composition from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he studied with clarinetist Fred Ormand and composers William Bolcom, Bright Sheng, Michael Daugherty, and Evan Chambers. During his time in Michigan he participated in summer fellowships at Tanglewood and the Music Academy of the West. After graduating, he continued his clarinet training at DePaul University with Larry Combs and was a member of the Civic Orchestra of Chicago.
(March 2014)


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Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians
On this Page
- Antiviral Medications Recommended for Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Influenza
- Summary of Influenza Antiviral Treatment Recommendations
- Treatment Considerations for Patients Hospitalized with Suspected or Confirmed Influenza
- Diagnostic Testing for Influenza
- Table 2. Recommended Dosage and Duration of Treatment or Chemoprophylaxis for Influenza Antiviral Medications
- Table 3. Duration of Treatment or Chemoprophylaxis
- Chemoprophylaxis
- Adverse Events
- Footnotes
- Selected References
The information on this page should be considered current for the 2014-2015 influenza season for clinical practice regarding the use of influenza antiviral medications.
This page contains excerpts from Antiviral Agents for the Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Influenza - Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). PDF Version [1 MB, 28 pages]
Antiviral medications with activity against influenza viruses are an important adjunct to influenza vaccine in the control of influenza.
- Influenza antiviral prescription drugs can be used to treat influenza or to prevent influenza.
- Four licensed prescription influenza antiviral agents are available in the United States.
- Two FDA-approved influenza antiviral medications are recommended for use in the United States during the 2014-2015 influenza season: oral oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) and inhaled zanamivir (Relenza®). Oseltamivir and zanamivir are chemically related antiviral medications known as neuraminidase inhibitors that have activity against both influenza A and B viruses.
- Amantadine and rimantadine are antiviral drugs in a class of medications known as adamantanes. These medications are active against influenza A viruses, but not influenza B viruses. As in recent past seasons, there continues to be high levels of resistance (>99%) to adamantanes among influenza A (H3N2) and influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 ("2009 H1N1") viruses. Therefore, amantadine and rimantadine are not recommended for antiviral treatment or chemoprophylaxis of currently circulating influenza A viruses.
- Antiviral resistance to oseltamivir and zanamivir among circulating influenza viruses is currently low, but this can change. Also, antiviral resistance can emerge during or after treatment in some patients (e.g., immunosuppressed).
- For information about antiviral drug resistance to influenza viruses and guidance on the use of influenza antiviral medications when antiviral resistance is suspected or documented this season, see Antiviral Drug-Resistance among Influenza Viruses.
- For weekly surveillance data on antiviral resistance this season, see the FluView U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report.
Table 1. Antiviral Medications Recommended for Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Influenza
|Antiviral Agent
|Activity Against
|Recommended For
|Not Recommended for Use in
|Adverse Events
|Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®)
|Influenza A and B
|Any age1
|Adverse events: nausea, vomiting. Sporadic, transient neuropsychiatric events (self-injury or delirium) mainly reported among Japanese adolescents and adults.
|Chemo- prophylaxis
|3 months and older1
|Zanamivir4 (Relenza®)
|Influenza A and B
|7 yrs and older
|people with underlying respiratory disease (e.g., asthma, COPD)2
|Allergic reactions: oropharyngeal or facial edema.
Adverse events: diarrhea, nausea, sinusitis, nasal signs and symptoms, bronchitis, cough, headache, dizziness, and ear, nose and throat infections.
|Chemo- prophylaxis
|5 yrs and older
|people with underlying respiratory disease (e.g., asthma, COPD)2
1 Oral oseltamivir is approved by the FDA for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in persons 14 days and older, and for chemoprophylaxis in persons 1 year and older. Although not part of the FDA-approved indications, use of oral oseltamivir for treatment of influenza in infants less than 14 days old, and for chemoprophylaxis in infants 3 months to 1 year of age, is recommended by the CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics. If a child is younger than 3 months old, use of oseltamivir for chemoprophylaxis is not recommended unless the situation is judged critical due to limited data in this age group.
2 Relenza is contraindicated in patients with history of allergy to milk protein.
Summary of Influenza Antiviral Treatment Recommendations
- Clinical trials and observational data show that early antiviral treatment can shorten the duration of fever and illness symptoms, and may reduce the risk of complications from influenza (e.g., otitis media in young children, pneumonia, and respiratory failure).
- Early treatment of hospitalized patients can reduce death.
- In hospitalized children, early antiviral treatment has been shown to shorten the duration of hospitalization.
- Clinical benefit is greatest when antiviral treatment is administered early, especially within 48 hours of influenza illness onset.
- Antiviral treatment is recommended as early as possible for any patient with confirmed or suspected influenza who:
- is hospitalized;
- has severe, complicated, or progressive illness; or
- is at higher risk for influenza complications.
- Persons at higher risk for influenza complications recommended for antiviral treatment include:
- children aged younger than 2 years;*
- adults aged 65 years and older;
- persons with chronic pulmonary (including asthma), cardiovascular (except hypertension alone), renal, hepatic, hematological (including sickle cell disease), and metabolic disorders (including diabetes mellitus), or neurologic and neurodevelopment conditions (including disorders of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and muscle, such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy [seizure disorders], stroke, intellectual disability [mental retardation], moderate to severe developmental delay, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord injury);
- persons with immunosuppression, including that caused by medications or by HIV infection;
- women who are pregnant or postpartum (within 2 weeks after delivery);
- persons aged younger than 19 years who are receiving long-term aspirin therapy;
- American Indians/Alaska Natives;
- persons who are morbidly obese (i.e., body mass index is equal to or greater than 40); and
- residents of nursing homes and other chronic care facilities.
(Adapted from Fiore, 2011, Antiviral Agents for the Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Influenza - Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). PDF Version)
- Clinical judgment, on the basis of the patient's disease severity and progression, age, underlying medical conditions, likelihood of influenza, and time since onset of symptoms, is important when making antiviral treatment decisions for high-risk outpatients.
- When indicated, antiviral treatment should be started as soon as possible after illness onset, ideally within 48 hours of symptom onset. However, antiviral treatment might have some benefits in patients with severe, complicated or progressive illness, and in hospitalized patients when started after 48 hours of illness onset.
- Observational studies in hospitalized patients with influenza have reported that clinical benefit is greatest when oseltamivir is started within 48 hours of illness onset (Hsu, 2012; Louie, 2013; Muthuri, 2013). However, some studies suggest that antiviral treatment might still be beneficial in hospitalized patients when started 4 and 5 days after illness onset (Louie, 2012; Yu, 2011). Antiviral treatment of pregnant women (of any trimester) with influenza A (2009 H1N1) virus infection has been shown to be most beneficial in preventing respiratory failure and death when started within less than 3 days of illness onset, but still provided benefit when started 3–4 days after onset compared to 5 or more days (Siston, 2010).
- Decisions about starting antiviral treatment should not wait for laboratory confirmation of influenza (see section on Diagnostic Testing for Influenza).
- While influenza vaccination is the first and best way to prevent influenza illness, a history of influenza vaccination does not rule out the possibility of influenza virus infection in an ill patient with clinical signs and symptoms compatible with influenza.
- Antiviral treatment also can be considered for any previously healthy, symptomatic outpatient not at high risk with confirmed or suspected influenza on the basis of clinical judgment, if treatment can be initiated within 48 hours of illness onset.†
- One randomized clinical trial in children with uncomplicated influenza demonstrated a modest reduction in duration of symptoms and virus shedding in patients initiating treatment after 48 hours; post hoc analysis suggested that treatment initiated 72 hours after illness onset reduced symptoms by one day compared with placebo (Fry, 2014).
- Oral oseltamivir is preferred for treatment of pregnant women (Rasmussen, 2009; 2011). Pregnant women are recommended to receive the same antiviral dosing as non-pregnant persons. See Recommendations for Obstetric Health Care Providers Related to Use of Antiviral Medications in the Treatment and Prevention of Influenza for additional information.
- On December 21, 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the antiviral medication oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) for the treatment of influenza in people aged 14 days and older. An FDA press release related to this announcement is available at http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm333205.htm.
Treatment Considerations for Patients Hospitalized with Suspected or Confirmed Influenza
Treatment of patients with severe influenza (e.g., those requiring hospitalization) presents multiple challenges. The effect of specific antiviral strategies in serious or life-threatening influenza is not established from clinical trials conducted to support licensure of oral oseltamivir and inhaled zanamivir, as those studies were conducted primarily among previously healthy outpatients with uncomplicated illness. However, a number of observational studies have reported that oral oseltamivir treatment started 4 and 5 days after illness onset of patients hospitalized with suspected or confirmed influenza is associated with lower risk for severe outcomes (EH Lee, 2010; N Lee, 2008; N Lee, 2010; Louie, 2012; McGreer, 2007; Siston, 2010). For this reason, the following recommendations do not necessarily represent FDA-approved uses of antiviral products, but are based on published expert opinion and observational studies and are subject to change as the developmental status of investigational products and the epidemiologic and virologic features of influenza change over time.
- Initiation of antiviral treatment as early as possible is recommended for hospitalized patients. However, antiviral treatment might be effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients even if treatment is not started until more than 48 hours after onset of illness.
- For hospitalized patients and patients with severe or complicated illness, treatment with oral or enterically administered oseltamivir is recommended. Inhaled zanamivir is not recommended because of the lack of data for use in patients with severe influenza disease.
- The recommended treatment course for uncomplicated influenza is two doses per day of a neuraminidase inhibitor medication for 5 days; however, the optimal duration and dose are uncertain for severe or complicated influenza. Treatment regimens might need to be altered to fit the clinical circumstances. For example, clinical judgment should be the guide regarding the need to extend treatment regimens longer than 5 days for patients whose illness is prolonged. Critically ill patients with respiratory failure can have prolonged influenza viral replication in the lower respiratory tract.
- Clinical judgment and virologic testing of lower respiratory tract specimens by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) should guide decisions to consider treatment regimens longer than 5 days for patients with severe and prolonged illness. For patients with lower respiratory tract disease, lower respiratory tract specimens, such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or endotracheal aspirates, are preferred; an oropharyngeal (throat) swab may be collected if lower respiratory specimens are not available. Testing of lower respiratory tract specimens may yield the diagnosis when testing of upper respiratory tract specimens is negative. Multiple respiratory tract specimens collected on different days should be tested if influenza virus infection is suspected but a definitive diagnosis has not been made.
- Longer treatment regimens might be necessary in immunosuppressed persons who may have prolonged influenza viral replication. Such patients are at risk of developing antiviral-resistant virus.
- A higher dose of oral or enterically administered oseltamivir has been recommended by some experts (e.g., 150 mg twice daily in adults with normal renal function) for treatment of influenza in immunocompromised patients and in severely ill hospitalized patients. However, oral or enterically administered oseltamivir has been reported to be adequately absorbed in critically ill adults, with standard doses producing therapeutic blood levels (Ariano, 2010), and limited data suggest that higher dosing may not provide additional clinical benefit (Abdel-Ghafar, 2008; Ariano, 2010; Kumar, 2010; Lee, 2013; South East Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network, 2013). Studies indicate that the exposure to oseltamivir carboxylate (the active metabolite of oseltamivir) is similar between obese and non-obese subjects for both 75 mg and 150 mg doses given twice daily (Ariano, 2010; Jittamala, 2014; Pai, 2011; Thorne-Humphrey, 2011).
- Limited data suggest that oseltamivir administered orally or by oro/naso gastric tube is well absorbed in critically ill influenza patients, including those in the intensive care unit, on continuous renal replacement therapy, and/or on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (Ariano, 2010; Eyler, 2012a; Eyler, 2012b; Giraud, 2011; Kromdijk, 2013; Lemaitre, 2012; Mulla, 2013; Taylor, 2008). However, for patients who cannot tolerate or absorb oral or enterically-administered oseltamivir because of suspected or known gastric stasis, malabsorption, or gastrointestinal bleeding, the use of investigational intravenous (IV) zanamivir should be considered. IV zanamivir is an investigational parenterally administered neuraminidase inhibitor product available only either by enrollment in an ongoing phase III clinical trial, or under an emergency investigational new drug (EIND) request to the manufacturer for compassionate use in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients with severe influenza. (See Intravenous Influenza Antiviral Medications and CDC Considerations Related to Investigational Use of Intravenous Zanamivir for 2014-2015 Influenza Season.)
- It is possible that some influenza viruses may become resistant to oseltamivir during antiviral treatment and remain susceptible to zanamivir; this has been reported most often for influenza A H1N1 viruses (Graitcer, 2011; Lackenby, 2011). Resistance of influenza viruses to antiviral drugs can also occur spontaneously, with no known exposure to antiviral medications (Hurt, 2011; Takashita, 2014). If a hospitalized patient treated with oseltamivir manifests progressive lower respiratory symptoms, resistant virus should be considered. In view of the limited alternatives, CDC recommends that investigational use of IV zanamivir should be considered for treatment of severely ill patients with oseltamivir-resistant virus infection (Dulek, 2010; Gaur, 2010; Committee of the WHO Consultation on Clinical Aspects of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza, 2010). Oseltamivir should not be stopped until IV zanamivir can be initiated. However, clinicians should note that failure to improve or clinical deterioration during oseltamivir treatment is more likely to be related to the natural history of acute lung injury and inflammatory damage or onset of other complications (e.g. renal failure, septic shock, ventilator-associated pneumonia) than to emergence of oseltamivir resistance. Severely immunosuppressed persons (e.g. hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients) are at highest risk for emergence of oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus infection during or following oseltamivir treatment (Hurt, 2012). Molecular assays can detect genetic changes in influenza viruses associated with oseltamivir resistance. The CDC Influenza Division is available for consultation as needed.
- Careful attention to ventilator and fluid management and to the prevention and treatment of secondary bacterial pneumonia (e.g., S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and S. aureus, including MRSA) also is critical for severely ill patients (Bautista, 2010; Finelli, 2008; Hageman, 2006; Harper, 2009; Mandell, 2007; Mauad, 2010; Shieh, 2010).
Diagnostic Testing for Influenza
- Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (RIDTs) can be useful to identify influenza virus infection as a cause of respiratory outbreaks in any setting. RIDTs are antigen detection tests and produce very quick results, but the results may not be accurate. A recent meta-analysis evaluating 159 studies of 26 RIDTs compared with a reference standard of either RT-PCR or viral culture reported a pooled sensitivity of 62.3% (95% CI, 57.9% to 66.6%) and pooled specificity of 98.2% (CI, 97.5% to 98.7%), although sensitivities as low as 10% were reported in individual studies, depending on characteristics such as specimen type, age of patient, and virus detected (Chartrand, 2012).
- Sensitivities were generally lower in adults (53.9% [95% CI, 47.9% to 59.8%]) than in children (66.6% [95% CI, 61.6% to 71.7%]), and lower for influenza B (52.2% [95% CI, 45.0% to 59.3%]) than influenza A (64.6% [95% CI, 59.0% to 70.1%]) (Chartrand, 2012). Sensitivities were also lower when compared with RT-PCR as the reference standard (53.9% [95% CI, 48.2% to 59.6%]) versus viral culture (72.3% [95% CI, 66.8% to 77.9%]) (Chartrand, 2012).
- In the meta-analysis, RIDTs did not perform markedly worse in the 35% of studies conducted during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (Chartrand, 2012). RIDT sensitivity of 58% was reported on respiratory specimens from 24 fatal cases of influenza A from the 2013-2014 season (Ayscue, 2014). Sensitivity in lower respiratory tract samples may be even lower than upper respiratory samples; in one study, RIDTs were positive in only five (25%) of 20 bronchoscopic samples in patients with severe 2009 H1N1 virus infection requiring mechanical ventilation (Blyth, 2009).
- False negative results occur more commonly than false positive results. In particular, false negative test results are common during influenza season. Additionally, other antigen detection tests (e.g. immunofluorescence assays) also lack sensitivity compared to RT-PCR. Clinicians should realize that a negative RIDT or immunofluorescence (e.g. direct florescent antibody staining - DFA) result does NOT exclude a diagnosis of influenza in a patient with suspected influenza. When there is clinical suspicion of influenza and antiviral treatment is indicated, antiviral treatment should be started as soon as possible without waiting for results of additional influenza testing.
- Other testing (i.e., RT-PCR, viral culture) is much more accurate, but can take longer. When influenza is suspected and antiviral treatment is indicated, antiviral treatment should begin as soon as possible and should not wait for the results of testing.
- Rapid molecular assays are a new type of molecular influenza diagnostic test. Currently, there is only one rapid molecular assay that is FDA-approved for use in the United States. Additional rapid molecular assays may become available in the future. As with other molecular diagnostic tests, if influenza is suspected and treatment is clinically indicated, antiviral treatment should begin as soon as possible and should not wait for the results of testing.
To Minimize False RIDT Results
- Collect specimens as early in the illness as possible (ideally less than 4 days from illness onset).
- Follow manufacturer's instructions, including acceptable specimens, and handling.
- Follow-up negative results with confirmatory tests (i.e., RT-PCR or viral culture) if a laboratory-confirmed influenza diagnosis is desired.
Information on Local Influenza Activity
- Clinicians should contact their local or state health department for information about current influenza activity. For more information about influenza activity in the United States during the influenza season, visit the Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report (FluView).
- For more information on influenza diagnostic testing, see Clinical Description & Lab Diagnosis of Influenza.
(Tables below available as PDF [90 KB, 2 pages])
Table 2. Recommended Dosage and Duration of Influenza Antiviral Medications for Treatment or Chemoprophylaxis
|Antiviral Agent
|Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®)
(5 days)
|If younger than 1 yr old1:
3 mg/kg/dose twice daily2,3
If 1 yr or older, dose varies by child's weight:
15 kg or less, the dose is 30 mg twice a day
>15 to 23 kg, the dose is 45 mg twice a day
>23 to 40 kg, the dose is 60 mg twice a day
>40 kg, the dose is 75 mg twice a day
|75 mg twice daily
(7 days)
|If child is younger than 3 months old, use of oseltamivir for chemoprophylaxis is not recommended unless situation is judged critical due to limited data in this age group.
If child is 3 months or older and younger than 1 yr old1
3 mg/kg/dose once daily2
If 1 yr or older, dose varies by child's weight:
15 kg or less, the dose is 30 mg once a day
>15 to 23 kg, the dose is 45 mg once a day
>23 to 40 kg, the dose is 60 mg once a day
>40 kg, the dose is 75 mg once a day
|75 mg once daily
|Zanamivir4 (Relenza®)
(5 days)
|10 mg (two 5-mg inhalations) twice daily
(FDA approved and recommended for use in children 7 yrs or older)
|10 mg (two 5-mg inhalations) twice daily
(7 days)
|10 mg (two 5-mg inhalations) once daily
(FDA approved for and recommended for use in children 5 yrs or older)
|10 mg (two 5-mg inhalations) once daily
1 Oral oseltamivir is approved by the FDA for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza with twice-daily dosing in persons 14 days and older, and for chemoprophylaxis with once-daily dosing in persons 1 year and older. Although not part of the FDA-approved indications, use of oral oseltamivir for treatment of influenza in infants less than 14 days old, and for chemoprophylaxis in infants 3 months to 1 year of age, is recommended by the CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (Committee on Infectious Diseases, 2014).
2 This is the FDA-approved oral oseltamivir treatment dose for infants 14 days and older and less than 1 year old, and provides oseltamivir exposure in children similar to that achieved by the approved dose of 75 mg orally twice daily for adults, as shown in two studies of oseltamivir pharmacokinetics in children (Kimberlin, 2013 [CASG 114], EU study WP22849, FDA Clinical Pharmacology Review). The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended an oseltamivir treatment dose of 3.5 mg/kg orally twice daily for infants aged 9-11 months for the 2013-14 season, on the basis of data which indicated that a higher dose of 3.5 mg/kg was needed to achieve the protocol-defined targeted exposure for this cohort as defined in the CASG 114 study (Kimberlin, 2013). It is unknown whether this higher dose will improve efficacy or prevent the development of antiviral resistance. However, there is no evidence that the 3.5 mg/kg dose is harmful or causes more adverse events to infants in this age group.
3 Current weight-based dosing recommendations are not appropriate for premature infants. Premature infants might have slower clearance of oral oseltamivir because of immature renal function, and doses recommended for full-term infants might lead to very high drug concentrations in this age group. CDC recommends dosing as also recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (Committee on Infectious Diseases, 2014): limited data from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group provide the basis for dosing preterm infants using their postmenstrual age (gestational age + chronological age): 1.0 mg/kg/dose, orally, twice daily, for those <38 weeks postmenstrual age; 1.5 mg/kg/dose, orally, twice daily, for those 38 through 40 weeks postmenstrual age; 3.0 mg/kg/dose, orally, twice daily, for those >40 weeks postmenstrual age.
4 Inhaled zanamivir is approved for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza with twice-daily dosing in persons aged 7 years and older, and for chemoprophylaxis with once-daily dosing in persons aged 5 years and older.
Table 3. Duration of Treatment or Chemoprophylaxis
|Recommended duration for antiviral treatment is 5 days. Longer treatment courses for patients who remain severely ill after 5 days of treatment can be considered.
|Chemo prophylaxis
|Recommended duration is 7 days (after last known exposure).
|For control of outbreaks in institutional settings (e.g. long-term care facilities for elderly persons and children) and hospitals, CDC recommends antiviral chemoprophylaxis for a minimum of 2 weeks, and continuing up to 1 week after the last known case was identified. Antiviral chemoprophylaxis should be considered for all exposed residents, including those who have received influenza vaccination, and for unvaccinated institutional employees.
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- Annual influenza vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza because vaccination can be given well before influenza virus exposures occur, and can provide safe and effective immunity throughout the influenza season.
- Antiviral medications are approximately 70% to 90% effective in preventing influenza and are useful adjuncts to influenza vaccination.
- CDC does not recommend widespread or routine use of antiviral medications for chemoprophylaxis so as to limit the possibilities that antiviral resistant viruses could emerge. Indiscriminate use of chemoprophylaxis might promote resistance to antiviral medications, or reduce antiviral medication availability for treatment of persons at higher risk for influenza complications or those who are severely ill.
- In general, CDC does not recommend seasonal or pre-exposure antiviral chemoprophylaxis, but antiviral medications can be considered for chemoprophylaxis in certain situations.
- The following are examples of situations where antiviral medications can be considered for chemoprophylaxis to prevent influenza:
- Prevention of influenza in persons at high risk of influenza complications during the first two weeks following vaccination after exposure to an infectious person.
- Prevention for people with severe immune deficiencies or others who might not respond to influenza vaccination, such as persons receiving immunosuppressive medications, after exposure to an infectious person.
- Prevention for people at high risk for complications from influenza who cannot receive influenza vaccine due to a contraindication after exposure to an infectious person.
- Prevention of influenza among residents of institutions, such as long-term care facilities, during influenza outbreaks in the institution. For more information, see IDSA guidelines web site [259 KB, 30 pages].
- An emphasis on close monitoring and early initiation of antiviral treatment if fever and/or respiratory symptoms develop is an alternative to chemoprophylaxis after a suspected exposure for some persons.
- To be effective as chemoprophylaxis, an antiviral medication must be taken each day for the duration of potential exposure to a person with influenza and continued for 7 days after the last known exposure. For persons taking antiviral chemoprophylaxis after inactivated influenza vaccination, the recommended duration is until immunity after vaccination develops (antibody development after vaccination takes about two weeks in adults and can take longer in children depending on age and vaccination history).
- Antiviral chemoprophylaxis generally is not recommended if more than 48 hours have elapsed since the first exposure to an infectious person.
- Patients receiving antiviral chemoprophylaxis should be encouraged to seek medical evaluation as soon as they develop a febrile respiratory illness that might indicate influenza.
Special Considerations for Institutional Settings
Use of antiviral chemoprophylaxis to control outbreaks among high risk persons in institutional settings is recommended. An influenza outbreak is likely when at least two residents are ill within 72 hours, and at least one has laboratory confirmed influenza. When influenza is identified as a cause of a respiratory disease outbreak among nursing home residents, use of antiviral medications for chemoprophylaxis is recommended for residents (regardless of whether they have received influenza vaccination) and for unvaccinated health care personnel. For newly-vaccinated staff, antiviral chemoprophylaxis can be administered up to two weeks (the time needed for antibody development) following influenza vaccination. Chemoprophylaxis may also be considered for all employees, regardless of their influenza vaccination status, if the outbreak is caused by a strain of influenza virus that is not well-matched by the vaccine. Antiviral chemoprophylaxis should be administered for a minimum of two weeks, and continue for at least seven days after the last known case was identified. For more information on the control of institutional outbreaks, please see CDC's Interim Guidance for Influenza Outbreak Management in Long-Term Care Facilities and the IDSA guidelines web site [259 KB, 30 pages].
Adverse Events
- When considering use of influenza antiviral medications, clinicians must consider the patient's age, weight and renal function; presence of other medical conditions; indications for use (i.e., chemoprophylaxis or therapy); and the potential for interaction with other medications.
- For more information on safety, effectiveness and dosing for oral oseltamivir and inhaled zanamivir, visit Antiviral Drugs or consult the package inserts.
* Although all children aged younger than 5 years are considered at higher risk for complications from influenza, the highest risk is for those aged younger than 2 years, with the highest hospitalization and death rates among infants aged younger than 6 months. Because many children with mild febrile respiratory illness might have other viral infections (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, or human metapneumovirus), knowledge of other respiratory viruses as well as influenza virus strains circulating in the community is important for treatment decisions. The likelihood of influenza virus infection in a patient depends on the prevalence of influenza activity in the local community and on the patient's signs and symptoms. Information about influenza activity in the United States is available at FluView. For information on local community influenza activity, clinicians should contact their local and state health departments.
† Recommended antiviral medications (neuraminidase inhibitors) are licensed by the FDA for treatment of children aged 14 days and older (oral oseltamivir) and for those aged 7 years and older (inhaled zanamivir). Oseltamivir was used for treatment of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in children aged younger than 1 year under an Emergency Use Authorization, which expired on June 23, 2010. Limited information regarding use of oral oseltamivir for children from birth through age 1 year is available; however, the use of oseltamivir for treatment is recommended by the CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics for children of any age. Confirmation of influenza virus infection may be performed by different influenza testing methods. Information on influenza testing is available at Clinical Description & Lab Diagnosis of Influenza. In areas with limited antiviral medication availability, local public health authorities might provide additional guidance about prioritizing treatment within groups at higher risk for complications. Current CDC guidance on treatment of influenza should be consulted; updated recommendations from CDC are available on the Seasonal Influenza (Flu) site, and the ACIP antiviral recommendations [1 MB, 28 pages].
For more information, visit the Seasonal Influenza (Flu) site, or call CDC at 800-CDC-INFO (English and Spanish) or 888-232-6348 (TTY).Top of Page
Selected References
- References noted in this summary are not complete. A more comprehensive list of influenza antiviral references can be found at Antiviral Guide References.
Abdel-Ghafar AN, Chotpitayasunondh T, Gao Z, et al. Update on avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in humans. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358(3): 261-73.
Ariano RE, Sitar DS, Zelenitsky SA, et al. Enteric absorption and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in critically ill patients with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. CMAJ. 2010; 182(4): 357-63.
Ayscue P, Murray E, Uyeki T, et al. Influenza-associated intensive-care unit admissions and deaths - California, September 29, 2013-January 18, 2014. MMWR. 2014; 63(7): 143-7.
Bautista E, Chotpitayasunondh T, Gao Z, et al. Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362(18): 1708-19.
Blyth CC, Iredell JR, Dwyer DE. Rapid-test sensitivity for novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361(25): 2493.
Booy R, Lindley RI, Dwyer DE, et al. Treating and preventing influenza in aged care facilities: a cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2012; 7(10): e46509.
Chartrand C, Leeflang MMG, Minion J, et al. Accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Apr 3; 156(7): 500-11.
Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2014-2015. Pediatrics. 2014; 134(5): e1503-19.
de Jong MD, Simmons CP, Thanh TT, et al. Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia. Nat Med. 2006; 12(10): 1203-7.
Dulek DE, Williams JV, Creech CB, et al. Use of intravenous zanamivir after development of oseltamivir resistance in a critically Ill immunosuppressed child infected with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 50(11): 1493-6.
Earhart KC, Elsayed NM, Saad MD, et al. Oseltamivir resistance mutation N294S in human influenza A(H5N1) virus in Egypt. J Infect Public Health. 2009; 2(2): 74-80.
Eyler RF, Heung M, Pleva M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodialysis and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pharmacotherapy. 2012 Dec; 32(12): 1061-9.
Eyler RF, Klein KC, Mueller BA. The pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in a critically ill pediatric patient receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous venovenous hemodialysis. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Apr; 17(2):173-6.
Finelli L, Fiore A, Dhara R, et al. Influenza-Associated Pediatric Mortality in the United States: Increase of Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection. Pediatrics. 2008; 122(4): 805-11.
Fiore AE, Fry A, Shay D, et al. Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza --- recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR. 2011; 60(1): 1-24.
Fry AM, Goswami D, Nahar K, et al. Efficacy of oseltamivir treatment started within 5 days of symptom onset to reduce influenza illness duration and virus shedding in an urban setting in Bangladesh: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014; 14(2): 109-18.
Gaur AH, Bagga B, Barman S, et al. Intravenous zanamivir for oseltamivir-resistant 2009 H1N1 influenza. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362(1): 88-9.
Giraud C, Manceau S, Oualha M, et al. High levels and safety of oseltamivir carboxylate plasma concentrations after nasogastric administration in critically ill children in a pediatric intensive care unit. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55(1): 433-5.
Graitcer SB, Gubareva L, Kamimoto L, et al. Characteristics of patients with oseltamivir-resistant pandemic (H1N1) 2009, United States. Emerging Infect Dis. 2011; 17(2): 255-7.
Hageman JC, Uyeki TM, Francis JS, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus, 2003-04 influenza season. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006; 12(6): 894-9.
Harper SA, Bradley JS, Englund JA, et al. Seasonal influenza in adults and children--diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009; 48(8): 1003-32.
Hsu J, Santesso N, Mustafa R, et al. Antivirals for treatment of influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Intern Med. 2012; 156(7): 512-24.
Hurt AC, Hardie K, Wilson NJ, et al. Community transmission of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365(26): 2541-2.
Hurt AC, Chotpitayasunondh T, Cox NJ, et al. Antiviral resistance during the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic: public health, laboratory, and clinical perspectives. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012; 12(3): 240-8.
Jefferson T, Jones MA, Doshi P, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; 1: CD008965.
Jittamala P, Pukrittayakamee S, Tarning J, et al. Pharmacokinetics of orally administered oseltamivir in healthy obese and non-obese Thai subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58(3): 1615-21.
Kimberlin DW, Acosta EP, Prichard MN, et al. Oseltamivir pharmacokinetics, dosing, and resistance among children aged <2 years with influenza. J Infect Dis. 2013; 207(5): 709-20.
Kromdijk W, Sikma MA, van den Broek MP, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients: each patient is unique. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(5): 977-8.
Kumar D, Morris MI, Kotton CN, et al. Guidance on novel influenza A/H1N1 in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2010; 10(1): 18-25.
Lackenby A, Moran Gilad J, Pebody R, et al. Continued emergence and changing epidemiology of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus, United Kingdom, winter 2010/11. Euro Surveill. 2011; 16(5).
Lee EH, Wu C, Lee EU, et al. Fatalities associated with the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus in New York city. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 50(11): 1498-504.
Lee N, Choi KW, Chan PKS, et al. Outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza. Thorax. 2010; 65(6): 510-5.
Lee N, Cockram CS, Chan PK, et al. Antiviral treatment for patients hospitalized with severe influenza infection may affect clinical outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 46(8): 1323-4.
Lee N, Hui DS, Zuo Z, et al. A prospective intervention study on higher-dose oseltamivir treatment in adults hospitalized with influenza a and B infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2013; 57(11): 1511-9.
Lemaitre F, Luyt CE, Roullet-Renoleau F, et al. Impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration on the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. Ther Drug Monit. 2012; 34(2): 171-5.
Lipsitch M, Hernán MA. Oseltamivir effect on antibiotic-treated lower respiratory tract complications in virologically positive randomized trial participants. Clin Infect Dis. 2013; 57(9): 1368-9.
Louie JK, Yang S, Acosta M, et al. Treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors for critically ill patients with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 55(9): 1198-204.
Louie JK, Yang S, Samuel MC, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitors for critically ill children with influenza. Pediatrics. 2013; 132(6): e1539-45.
Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; 44 Suppl 2: S27-72.
Mauad T, Hajjar LA, Callegari GD, et al. Lung Pathology in Fatal Novel Human Influenza A (H1N1) Infection. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2010; 181(1): 72-9.
McGeer A, Green KA, Plevneshi A, et al. Antiviral therapy and outcomes of influenza requiring hospitalization in Ontario, Canada. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; 45(12): 1568-75.
Mulla H, Peek GJ, Harvey C, et al. Oseltamivir pharmacokinetics in critically ill adults receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2013; 41(1): 66-73.
Muthuri SG, Myles PR, Venkatesan S, et al. Impact of neuraminidase inhibitor treatment on outcomes of public health importance during the 2009-10 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic: a systematic review and metaanalysis in hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 2013 Feb; 207(4): 553-63.
Pai MP, Lodise TP, Jr. Oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate pharmacokinetics in obese adults: dose modification for weight is not necessary. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55(12): 5640-5.
Rasmussen SA, Jamieson DJ, Macfarlane K, et al. Pandemic influenza and pregnant women: summary of a meeting of experts. Am J Public Health. 2009; 99(Suppl 2): S248-54.Rasmussen SA, Kissin DM, Yeung LF, et al. Preparing for influenza after 2009 H1N1: special considerations for pregnant women and newborns. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2011; 204(6 Suppl 1): S13-20.
Shieh WJ, Blau DM, Denison AM, et al. 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1): pathology and pathogenesis of 100 fatal cases in the United States. Am J Pathol. 2010; 177(1): 166-75.
Siston AM, Rasmussen SA, Honein MA, et al. Pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus illness among pregnant women in the United States. JAMA. 2010; 303(15): 1517-25.
South East Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network. Effect of double dose oseltamivir on clinical and virological outcomes in children and adults admitted to hospital with severe influenza: double blind randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2013; 346: f3039.
Takashita E, Ejima M, Itoh R, et al. A community cluster of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus exhibiting cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir in Japan, November to December 2013. Euro Surveill. 2014; 19(1).
Taylor WR, Thinh BN, Anh GT, et al. Oseltamivir is adequately absorbed following nasogastric administration to adult patients with severe H5N1 influenza. PLoS One. 2008; 3(10): e3410.
Thorne-Humphrey LM, Goralski KB, Slayter KL, et al. Oseltamivir pharmacokinetics in morbid obesity (OPTIMO trial). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011; 66(9): 2083-91.Viasus D, Pano-Pardo JR, Pachon J, et al. Timing of oseltamivir administration and outcomes in hospitalized adults with pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus infection. Chest. 2011; 140(4): 1025-32.
Yu H, Feng Z, Uyeki TM, et al. Risk factors for severe illness with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52(4): 457-65.Top of Page
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- Page last updated: December 12, 2014
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Squier has been giving performers the opportunity to plug into genuine Fender gear at price that won't break the bank since 1982. With a great Squier guitar, you've got the opportunity to stop dreaming and start playing. Squier is definitely known for their diversity. In fact, they offer so much variety in their instruments that it will be an easy process to find the one that is right for you. To streamline your process even further, take some time to think about the style of instrument you're looking for, as well as the features that you crave. For example, if you've got your heart set on a simple, entry level guitar, you'll find plenty to love about the best-selling Classic Vibe Telecaster '50s Electric Guitar. This guitar offers the pedigree of a legend at a fraction of the cost. Outfitted with a custom set of Alnico 5 single-coil pickups, this Tele has a tone that can compete with guitars twice its price. If you've got your heart set on a Tele, then there's no better option for you.
If, on the other hand, a Jag is more your style, have a look at the Vintage Modified Jaguar Electric Guitar. This guitar is loaded with all the circuitry of the original Jag alongside wonderful present day touches that make it a real beast. With Duncan Designed pickups for a sharp, clear tone and a floating-vibrato bridge, you're going to love developing a sound that's all your own with this Jag.
And these are only two of the options available to you! Whether you're a fan of Strats, Teles, or Jags, there's a Squier here that will make your Fender fantasies a reality. It doesn't matter if you're a first time buyer or an old pro looking to add another great option to their collection, a Squier is always going to be a sure bet.
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10 Fresh and Useful Jquery Plugins
jQuery is one of the most accepted JavaScript library that possesses an enormous collection of plugins which makes it even more powerful. I've been searching for few light box models and found few other interesting fresh plugins. So here am putting all those together for your ref…
1. Fotorama
Fotorama is a nice-looking JavaScript gallery with intuitive controls, and flawless compatibility across all computers, iPhones and any mobile devices. It's easy to install and set up.
Fotorama is free and unrestricted for personal and non-commercial use.
2. Scroller
Scroller is a plugin for jQuery that allows display images in the form of round markers
3. Jquery Wiggle Plugin
The jQuery Wiggle is a jQuery plugin written by Marius Stance - Sergio for Userdot, a plugin that allows you to emulate the wiggle effect icons on an iPhone have when you press and hold down on them. Click on the image to the right to see the effect.
4. Diapo
Diapo slideshow is an open source project. You can suggest changes or improvements if you want. You can download it and use for free, you can also include it in your projects and sell it as part of a bigger work (in this case please consider a donation).
5. Leopard desktop with jquery using jq dock
jQuery adds a whole lot of cool functionality to your websites. It can do a range of things, from animation to AJAX. It's usually frowned upon to rely heavily on jQuery to design your sites, but it's fun to go wild every now and then.
6. Animated progress bar
Today we will make dynamic animated progress bar. I think you already know this jQuery widget – Progress bar. By default – this is static widget without any animation.
7. Slidorion
A combination of an image slider and an accordion, the Slidorion displays beautiful images along with a variable length description. With slides linked to each tab, and accompanied by a large array of effects, the Slidorion is a great alternative to the traditional jQuery slider.
8. Expanding Fullscreen grid portfolio
The main idea is to have a grid layout that we create with jQuery Masonry. Clicking to view more, we expand the according item to full screen in order to show a longer description of the item and a representative full screen background image.
9. Image Zoom tour
Showing a main image initially, we want to be able to zoom into certain parts of the image by clicking on tags, using another image for the closer view. This next step can contain other tags that again allow to show more images.
10. Grid navigation effect
Today we want to share some neat grid navigation effects using jQuery. In our examples we will show you ten ways how to navigate through a set of thumbnails. We'll take a look at some of the possibilities and how to apply the effect.


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Geron Reviews
"Challenging and ultimately rewarding "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at Geron (more than 8 years)Pros
Very interesting, potentially revolutionary scienceCons
Challenging time with many layoffs in the recent past. Low morale.Doesn't RecommendNegative OutlookApproves of CEO
Geron Awards and Accolades
Let us know if we're missing any workplace or industry recognition – Add an award
Additional InfoUnlock Profile
Geron is working to get important things into our thick heads -- more specifically, it is developing a compound able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier that otherwise keeps potentially valuable drugs out of the brain. The company's research and development is targeting viable therapies for cancer, injury, and degenerative diseases. One of the company's lead products in clinical trials is an hESC therapy (derived from human stem cells) called GRNOPC1 for spinal cord injury. Geron is also focused on anticancer drug candidate GRN163L, which inhibits telomerase, an enzyme... More


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The Demon King, Rchimedes, has been revived and Hero and Royal Solider are out there to level up.
— Crunchyroll
The 45th (probable) descendant of the legendary Hero, Alba, is on a quest with a Royal Soldier named Ros to hunt down the new Demon King in order to stop the demon army that has invaded the human world. Unfortunately, Ros doesn't seem to care.
|Alba ( x ) ( x ) ( x )
|Ross ( x ) ( x ) ( x )
|King (Senyu) ( x ) ( x ) ( x )
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Top 10 Drake Songs Of All Time
By Taylor Trembley October 18, 2013 2:36 PM
Drake kicks off his "Would You like A Tour" tour with Miguel and Future tonight in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He will be in Charlotte on Saturday, November 2nd at the Time Warner Cable Arena.
To get hyped for the show, we've created a list of the Top 10 Drake Songs:
10. Drake Ft. Rihanna – "Take Care"
9. Drake Ft. Lil Wayne – "HYFR"
8. Drake – "Headlines"
7. Drake Ft. Lil Wayne & Tyga – "The Motto"
6. Drake, Kanye West, Lil Wayne, Eminem – "Forever"
5. Drake – "Over"
4. Drake Ft. Lil Wayne – "Miss Me"
3. Drake Ft. Majid Jordan – "Hold On, We're Going Home"
2. Drake – "Marvins Room"
1. Drake – "Started From The Bottom"
What's your favorite Drake song? Let us know in the comment section below!


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MyAnneArundel is an integrated mapping application that was developed to provide the County's citizens, businesses, and visitors with access to useful services and data. Please click on one of the following "Themes" and follow the subsequent instructions to launch that specific area of the application:
|Please Pardon the interuption while My Anne Arundel is under maintenance.
General Information and Crime Statistics
Find information about County Services based on an address or obtain community specfic crime statistics that are classified by incident type.
|Public Works Maps, As-Built Engineering Drawings and Survey Monuments Research and Retrieve Record Drawings and Survey Monuments.
Watershed, Ecosystem, and Restoration Services
My Anne Arundel Zoning Viewer
Street Viewer
GIS Data Download
By acceptance of the GIS material, you agree as follows: The GIS material (the "material") is made available by Anne Arundel County, Maryland (the "County") as a public service. The material is for reference purposes only, and the County makes no representatives, warranties, or guarantees of the accuracy of the material.
THE COUNTY MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES RELATING TO THE MATERIAL, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, INTEGRATION, TITLE, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.You release the County, its agents, servants, and employees, from any and all liability related to the material or any of it, including its accuracy, availability, use, and misuse. In no event shall the County be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, or other damages, including savings, profits, fees, costs, loss of data, or business interruption, related in any way to the material or any of it, including its accuracy, availability, use, and misuse. The material is in the public domain and may be copied without permission. Citation to the source is requested. Any errors or omissions in the material should be reported to the Anne Arundel County Office of Information Technology Geographic Information Services Group.
|General Zoning
|1. Why do I need a variance?
|2. What is a special exception?
|3. How can I can get my property reclassified (rezoned)?
|4. If my use existed before the zoning laws, is it automatically grandfathered?
|5. Why is the front yard of a waterfront property different from a non-waterfront property?
|6. What is my zoning?
|7. What are my setbacks?
|8. Where are mobile homes permitted?
|9. Can I or can my neighbor have horses?
|10. How many pets, such as dogs, can I have in my home?
|11. Can I allow my friends to dry/wet store their boats at my residential pier for the summer?
|12. May I have more than one use on a lot?
|13. How do I get the names and addresses of all the property owners within 175 feet of my property lines?
|Q: Why do I need a variance?
|A: If you are proposing work that does not comply with the Zoning Code, you may apply for a zoning variance. A variance is an authorization to meet less than the full zoning requirement. Zoning variances are not granted automatically. A property owner must apply for a zoning variance with the Office of Planning and Zoning. After receiving the application, the Office of Administrative Hearings will schedule a public hearing, receive testimony and decide whether to grant or deny the request.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: What is a special exception?
|A: A special exception is neither an exception nor special. It is a use that is specifically listed as allowed within a zoning district. The use will have specific conditions that must be met in order to be allowed. The applicant for a special exception must demonstrate to the Administrative Hearing Officer, at a public hearing, how those conditions will be met.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: How can I can get my property reclassified (rezoned)?
|A: There are two methods changing the zoning classification assigned to an individual property. One is called "comprehensive" and the other is "individual" or "piecemeal". During comprehensive zoning, the County Council reviews and updates all of the zoning maps for a designated Small Area in accordance with the General Development Plan and Small Area Plan land use maps. Individual, or piecemeal, zoning is the method by which an individual may request that a property be reclassified to correct any mistakes made by the County Council during last comprehensive process or to recognize a change in the character of the neighborhood that would necessitate a change in the zoning.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: If my use existed before the zoning laws, is it automatically grandfathered?
|A: No. If the use of a property does not fall within those allowed by zoning, the use must be registered as non-conforming with the Office of Planning and Zoning. Registration of a non-conforming use requires proof that the use predates the zoning requirement.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: Why is the front yard of a waterfront property different from a non-waterfront property?
|A: On non-waterfront property, the front of a structure is oriented to the road. However, on waterfront property, since the orientation of the structure is to the water, the water side is considered the front yard. With more than 533 miles of waterfront in Anne Arundel County, this makes a significant difference since front yard setbacks are the most restrictive.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: What is my zoning?
|A: The zoning classification for your property is determined by the official Zoning Maps of Anne Arundel County. To identify the zoning of a particular property you need some basic information: Tax ID number, address, or tax map, block, parcel number call (410) 222-7463 or (410) 222-7437 to request this information.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: What are my setbacks?
A: The zoning classification of your property determines your setbacks. There are two different setback requirements: one for the principal dwelling or use (if non residential) and one for accessory uses (sheds, detached garages). Once you have determined your zoning classification, you can find your setbacks on the Residential Setback Chart or by calling the Zoning Division at (410) 222-7437.
Click Here For More Information
|[Return to Top]
|Q: Where are mobile homes permitted?
|A: Unless they predate 1966, mobile homes are only allowed in Licensed Mobile Home parks.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: Can I or can my neighbor have horses?
|A: Yes, horses are allowed to be kept on a lot in a residential district at the rate of two horses per 40,000 square feet of land area. Ponies may be kept at the rate of four ponies per 40,000 square feet of land area.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: How many pets, such as dogs, can I have in my home?
|A: The zoning ordinance allows the keeping of pets for other than commercial purposes. The keeping of cats is limited to no more than nine per household. The keeping of dogs as pets is limited by lot size. You may keep up to four dogs with no minimum land area requirement. For five or six dogs, at least 25,000 square feet of land area is required, and for seven or more dogs, 40,000 square feet is required, with 5,000 square feet for each additional dog over seven. In RA, RLD, or R1, a commercial kennel is allowed by special exception, in accordance with 18-11-127.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: Can I allow my friends to dry/wet store their boats at my residential pier for the summer?
|A: No, only the property owner/tenant may store/dock their boat(s) at a private pier.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: May I have more than one use on a lot?
|A: The Anne Arundel County code allows only one single family detached dwelling per lot in residential zoning districts. In commercial and industrial districts, business complexes are allowed which includes more than one structure or use on a lot as long as the lot remains under single ownership or control.
|[Return to Top]
|Q: How do I get the names and addresses of all the property owners within 175 feet of my property lines?
|A: You can contact the MD State Department of Assessment and Taxation. Their office is located at 45 Calvert Street in Annapolis, MD. They can be reached by phone at (410) 974-5709 or through their web site at www.dat.state.md.us
|[Return to Top]
Anne Arundel County, MD. 44 Calvert Street Annapolis, MD. 21401 | Telephone: (410) 222-7000 | Suggestions | Disclaimer
Copyright 2008; All rights reserved


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T3 Featherweight 2 Diffuser
T3 Featherweight diffuser is made to fit the Featherweight 2 line of hair dryers. T3 diffuser allows for soft air to penetrate hair for more styling control, perfect for curly hair.
Folica stands behind the authenticity of everything we sell. Since 1998, Folica has made it our mission to provide you with an outstanding selection of hair and beauty products at highly competitive prices.


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From Raley's Extra Magazine it sounds good and easy: No need to use the
Raley's ingredients. :-)
Butter Lettuce Wrapped Halibut
Parchment paper or foil
2 large or 4 small butter lettuce leaves
1 (12-oz.) package Full Circle Halibut
Steaks, thawed and patted dry
Raley's Italian Seasoning Grinder, to taste
1/2 cup Raley's Crumbled Garlic and
Herb Feta Cheese
1/4 cup chopped kalamata olives
1 lemon slice, halved
Prep: 10 minutes Cook: 10 minutes Serves: 2
1. Preheat oven to 400°F and place 2
(15-inch) squares of parchment paper on
a work surface.
2. Season halibut on all sides to taste with Italian seasoning. Place
lettuce leaves on parchment and top with halibut.
3. Top with remaining ingredients and fold in bottom and sides of parchment
to enclose fish. Place on a baking sheet and cook for about 10 minutes or
until fish is cooked through.
Nutritional Information:
Nutrition per serving: 390 calories, 51 g protein, 17 g total fat (7 g
sat.), 5 g carbohydrate, 0 g fiber, 2 g sugar, 105 mg cholesterol, 930 mg
sodium, 10 points plus