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Western esotericism
|It has been suggested that this article be merged with Western esotericism studies. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2014.
The precise definition of Western esotericism is an area of continual debate, although it is generally accepted that it comprises mystical and magical ideas and movements focused on the pursuit of gnosis, a term which has been defined as 'direct spiritual insight into cosmology or metaphysics'.[1]
The earliest Western esoteric movements emerged in the Eastern Mediterranean during Late Antiquity, as Hermetism, Gnosticism, and Neoplatonism developed as schools of thought distinct from mainstream Christianity. In Renaissance Europe, interest in many of these older ideas increased, with various intellectuals seeking to combine "pagan" philosophies with the Kabbalah and Christian philosophy, resulting in the emergence of esoteric movements like Christian theosophy. The 17th century saw the development of initiatory societies professing esoteric knowledge such as Rosicrucianism and Freemasonry, while the Age of Enlightenment of the 18th century led to the development of new forms of esoteric thought.
The 19th-century saw the emergence of new trends of esoteric thought that have come to be known as occultism. Prominent groups in this century included the Theosophical Society and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, which influenced the development of Thelema. Another development within occultism was modern paganism, which included religious movements such as Wicca. Esoteric ideas permeated the counterculture of the 1960s, from which emerged the New Age movement in the 1970s.
The academic study of Western esotericism emerged in the latter 20th century, pioneered by scholars like Frances Yates and Antoine Faivre. There are now several peer-reviewed journals and university departments devoted to this field.
Somewhat crudely, esotericism can be described as a Western form of spirituality that stresses the importance of the individual effort to gain spiritual knowledge, or gnosis, whereby man is confronted with the divine aspect of existence.
The concept of Western esotericism is a modern scholarly construct rather than a pre-existing, self-defined tradition of thought.[3] Scholars constructed this category in the late 18th century after identifying "structural similarities" between "the ideas and world-views of a wide variety of thinkers and movements" which prior to this had not been placed in the same analytical category.[4] Academic scholar of Western esotericism Wouter Hanegraaff has characterised these as "recognisable world-views and approaches to knowledge that have played an important although always controversial role in the history of Western culture."[5] Historian of religion Henrik Bogdan asserted that Western esotericism constituted "a third pillar of Western culture" alongside "doctrinal faith and rationality", being deemed heretical by the former and irrational by the latter.[6] Faivre and Voss stated that Western esotericism consists of "a vast spectrum of authors, trends, works of philosophy, religion, art, literature, and music."[7]
As a category, Western esotericism has been defined in various ways. One of these has been by identifying certain criteria which are common to all Western esoteric traditions. An early exponent of this idea was the historian of Renaissance thought Frances Yates.[8] However, the primary exponent of this view was Antoine Faivre, who published a series of criteria for how to define "Western esotericism" in 1992.[9] Faivre's form of categorisation has been championed by scholars like Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke.[10] Bogdan noted that by 2007, Faivre's had become "the standard definition" of Western esotericism among scholars.[11] Hanegraaff however criticised this approach, arguing that it was "reasoning by prototype", thereby already having a "best example" of what Western esotericism should look like, and then comparing other phenomenon to that one.[12]
A second definition uses "occultism" as an element of modernity.[13]
A third definition used in scholarship has used "Western esotericism" to refer to "inner traditions".[14]
A fourth definition was proposed by Hanegraaff, and holds that "Western esotericism" is a category representing "the academy's dustbin of rejected knowledge."[5] In this respect, it contains all of the theories and world views that have been rejected by the mainstream intellectual community because they do not accord with "normative conceptions of religion, rationality and science".[5] Goodrick-Clarke was critical of this approach, believing that it relegated Western esotericism to the position of "a casualty of positivist and materialist perspectives in the nineteenth-century" and thus reinforces the idea that it Western esoteric schools of thought were of little historical importance.[15] Bogdan similarly expressed concern regarding Hanegraaff's definition, believing that it made the category of Western esotericism "all inclusive" and thus analytically useless.[16]
Late Antiquity[edit]
The origins of Western esotericism are in the Hellenistic Eastern Mediterranean, then part of the Roman Empire, during Late Antiquity, a period encompassing the first centuries of the Common Era.[17] This was a milieu in which there was a mix of religious and intellectual traditions from Greece, Egypt, the Levant, Babylon, and Persia, and in which globalisation, urbanisation, and multiculturalism were bringing about socio-cultural change.[18]
One component of this was Hermetism, an Egyptian Hellenistic school of thought that takes its name from the legendary Egyptian wise man, Hermes Trismegistus. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE, a number of texts appeared which were attributed to Hermes Trismegistus, including the Corpus Hermeticum, Asclepius, and the Treatise of the Eighth and Ninth. Although it is still debated as to whether Hermetism was a purely literary phenomenon, or whether there were communities of practitioners who acted on these ideas, it has been established that these texts discuss the true nature of God, emphasising that humans must transcend rational thought and worldly desires in order to find salvation and be reborn into a spiritual body of immaterial light, thereby achieving spiritual unity with divinity.[19]
Another tradition of esoteric thought in Late Antiquity was Gnosticism, which had a complex relationship with Christianity. Various Gnostic sects existed, and they broadly believed that the divine light had been imprisoned within the material world by a malevolent entity known as the Demiurge, who was served by demonic helpers, the Archons. It was the Gnostic belief that humans, who were imbued with the divine light, should seek to attain gnosis and thus escape from the world of matter and rejoin the divine source.[20]
A third form of esotericism in Late Antiquity was Neoplatonism, a school of thought influenced by the ideas of the philosopher Plato. Advocated by such figures as Plotinus, Porphyry, Iamblichus, and Proclus, Neoplatonism held that the human soul had fallen from its divine origins into the material world, but that it could progress, through a number of hierarchical spheres of being, to return to its divine origins once more.[21] The later Neoplatonists performed theurgy, a ritual practice attested in such sources as the Chaldean Oracles. Scholars are still unsure of precisely what theurgy involved, although it is known that it involved a practice designed to make gods appear, who could then raise the theurgist's mind to the reality of the divine.[22]
Middle Ages[edit]
After the fall of Rome, alchemy and philosophy and other aspects of the tradition were largely preserved in the Arab and Near Eastern world and introduced into Western Europe by Jews and by the cultural contact between Christians and Muslims that occurred due to the Crusades and the Reconquista. The 12th century saw the development of the Kabbalah in medieval Spain. The medieval period also saw the publication of grimoires which offered often elaborate formulas for theurgy and thaumaturgy. Many of the grimoires seem to have kabbalistic influence. Figures in alchemy from this period seem to also have authored or used grimoires.[citation needed]
Renaissance and Early Modern period[edit]
During the Renaissance, a number of European thinkers began to synthesize "pagan" philosophies which were then being made available through Arabic translations with Christian thought and the Jewish kabbalah.[23] The earliest of these individuals was the Byzantine philosopher Plethon (1355/60–1452?), who argued that the Chaldean Oracles represented an example of a superior religion of ancient humanity which had been passed down by the Platonists.[24] Plethon's ideas interested the ruler of Florence, Cosimo de Medici, who employed Florentine thinker Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499) to translate Plato's works into Latin. Ficino went on to translate and publish the works of various Platonic figures, arguing that their philosophies were compatible with Christianity, and allowing for the emergence of a wider movement in Renaissance Platonism, or Platonic Orientalism.[25] Ficino also translated part of the Corpus Hermeticum, although the rest would be translated by his contemporary, Lodovico Lazzarelli (1447–1500).[26] Another core figure in this intellectual milieu was Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463–1494), who achieved notability in 1486 by inviting scholars from across Europe to come and debate the 900 theses that he had written with him. Mirandola argued that all of these philosophies reflected a grand universal wisdom, however Pope Innocent VIII condemned these actions, criticising him for attempting to mix pagan and Jewish ideas with Christianity.[27]
Pico's increased interest in Jewish kabbalah led to his development of a distinct form of Christian Kabbalah. His work was built on by the German Johannes Reuchlin (1455–1522) who authored a prominent text on the subject, De arte cabalistica.[28] Christian Kabbalah was expanded in the work of the German Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486–1535/36), who used it as a framework through which to explore the philosophical and scientific traditions of Antiquity in his work De occulta philosophia libri tres.[29] The work of Agrippa and other esoteric philosophers had been based in a pre-Copernican worldview, but following the arguments of Copernicus, a more accurate understanding of the cosmos was established. Copernicus' theories were adopted into esoteric strains of thought by Giordano Bruno (1548–1600), whose ideas would be deemed heresy by the Roman Catholic Church, eventually resulting in his public execution.[30]
A distinct strain of esoteric thought developed in Germany, where it came to be known as Naturphilosophie; although influenced by traditions from Late Antiquity and Medieval Kabbalah, it only acknowledged two main sources of authority: Biblical scripture and the natural world.[31] The primary exponent of this approach was Paracelsus (1493/94–1541), who took inspiration from alchemy and folk magic to argue against the mainstream medical establishment, which based its approach on the ideas of Galen. Instead, Paracelsus urged doctors to learn medicine through an observation of the natural world, although in later work he also began to focus on overtly religious questions. His work would gain significant support in both areas over the following centuries.[32] One of those influenced by Paracelsus was German cobbler Jacob Böhme (1575–1624), who sparked the Christian theosophy movement through his attempts to solve the problem of evil. Böhme argued that God had been created out of an unfathomable mystery, the Ungrud, and that God himself composed of a wrathful core, surrounded by the forces of light and love.[33] Although condemned by Germany's Lutheran authorities, Böhme's ideas spread and formed the basis for a number of small religious communities, such as Johann Georg Gichtel's Angelic Brethren in Amsterdam, and John Pordage and Jane Leade's Philadelphian Society in England.[34]
From 1614 to 1616, the three Rosicrucian Manifestos were published in Germany; these texts purporting to represent a secret initiatory brotherhood which had been founded centuries before by a German adept named Christian Rosenkreutz. There is no evidence that Rosenkreutz was a genuine historical figure, or that a Rosicrucian Order had ever existed, and instead the manifestos are likely literary creations of Lutheran theologian Johann Valentin Andreae (1586–1654). However, they inspired much public interest, with various individuals coming to describe themselves as "Rosicrucian" and asserting that they had access to secret esoteric knowledge as a result.[35] A real iniatory brotherhood was established in late 16th-century Scotland through the transformation of Medieval stonemason guilds to include non-craftsman: Freemasonry. Soon spreading into other parts of Europe, in England it largely rejected its esoteric character and embraced humanism and rationalism, while in France it embraced new esoteric concepts, particularly those from Christian theosophy.[36]
18th, 19th and early 20th centuries[edit]
The Age of Enlightenment witnessed a process of increasing secularisation of European governments and an embrace of modern science and rationality within intellectual circles. In turn, a "modernist occult" emerged that reflected varied ways in which esoteric thinkers came to terms with these developments.[37] One of the most prominent esotericists of this period was the Swedish naturalist Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772), who attempted to reconcile science and religion after experiencing a vision of Jesus Christ. His writings focused on his visionary travels to heaven and hell and his communications with angels, claiming that the visible, materialist world parallels an invisible spiritual world, with correspondences between the two that do not reflect causal relations. Following his death, followers would found the Swedenborgian New Church, although his writings would influence a far wider array of esoteric philosophies.[38] Another major figure within the esoteric movement of this period was the German physician Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1814), who developed the theory of Animal Magnetism, which later came to be known more commonly as "Mesmerism". Mesmer claimed that a universal life force permeated everything, including the human body, and that illnesses were caused by a disturbance or block in this force's flow; he developed techniques which he claimed cleansed such blockages and restored the patient to full health.[39] One of Mesmer's followers, the Marquis de Puységur, discovered that mesmeric treatment could induce a state of somnumbulic trance in which they claimed to enter visionary states and communicate with spirit beings.[40]
These somnumbulic trance-states would heavily influence the esoteric religion of Spiritualism, which emerged from the United States in the 1840s and spread throughout North American and Europe. Spiritualism was based on the concept that individuals could communicate with spirits of the deceased during séances.[40] Although most forms of Spiritualism had little theoretical depth, being largely practical affairs, full theological worldviews based on the movement would be articulated by Andrew Jackson Davis (1826–1910) and Allan Kardec (1804–1869).[40] Scientific interest in the claims of Spiritualism resulted in the development of the field of psychical research.[40] Somnambulism also exerted a strong influence on the early disciplines of psychology and psychiatry; esoteric ideas purvey the work of many early figures in this field, most notably Carl Gustav Jung, although with the rise of psychoanalysis and behaviourism in the 20th century, these disciplines distanced themselves from esotericism.[41] Also influenced by artificial somnambulism was the religion of New Thought, founded by the American Mesmerist Phineas P. Quimby (1802–1866) and which revolved around the concept of "mind over matter", believing that illness and other negative conditions could be cured through the power of belief.[42]
In Europe, a movement usually termed "occultism" emerged as various figures attempted to find a "third way" between Christianity and positivist science while building on the ancient, medieval, and Renaissance traditions of esoteric thought.[42] In France, following the social upheaval of the 1789 Revolution, various figures emerged in this occultist milieu who were heavily influenced by traditional Catholicism, the most notable of whom were Eliphas Lévi (1810–1875) and Papus (1865–1916).[43] Also significant was René Guénon (1886–1951), whose concern with tradition led him to develop an occult viewpoint termed Traditionalism; it espoused the idea of an original, universal tradition, and thus a rejection of modernity.[44] His Traditionalist ideas would have a strong influence on later esotericists like Julius Evola (1898–1974) and Frithjof Schuon (1907–1998).[44]
In the Anglophone world, the burgeoning occult movement owed more to Enlightenment libertines, and thus was more often of an anti-Christian bent that saw wisdom as emanating from the pre-Christian pagan religions of Europe.[44] Various Spiritualist mediums came to be disillusioned with the esoteric thought available, and sought inspiration in pre-Swedenborgian currents; the most prominent of these were Emma Hardinge Britten (1823–1899) and Helena Blavatsky (1831–1891), the latter of whom called for the revival of the "occult science" of the ancients, which could be found in both the East and West. Authoring the influential Isis Unveiled (1877) and The Secret Doctrine (1888), she co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875.[45] Subsequent leaders of the Society, namely Annie Besant (1847–1933) and Charles Webster Leadbeater (1854–1934) interpreted modern theosophy as a form of ecumenical esoteric Christianity, resulting in their proclamation of Indian Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895–1986) as world messiah.[46] In rejection of this was the breakaway Anthroposophical Society founded by Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925).[46]
New esoteric understandings of magic also developed in the latter part of the 19th century. One of the pioneers of this was American Paschal Beverly Randolph (1825–1875), who argued that sexual energy and psychoative drugs could be used for magical purposes.[46] In England, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, an initiatory order devoted to magic which based itself on an understanding of kabbalah, was founded in the latter years of the century.[46] One of the most prominent members of that order was Aleister Crowley (1875–1947), who went on to proclaim the religion of Thelema and become a prominent member of the Ordo Templi Orientis.[47] Some of their contemporaries developed esoteric schools of thought that did not entail magic, namely the Greco-Armenian teacher George Gurdjieff (1866–1949) and his Russian pupul P. D. Ouspensky (1878–1947).[48]
Emergent occult and esoteric systems found increasing popularity in the early 20th century, especially in Western Europe. Occult lodges and secret societies flowered among European intellectuals of this era who had largely abandoned traditional forms of Christianity. The spreading of secret teachings and magic practices found enthusiastic adherents in the chaos of Germany during the interwar years. Many influential and wealthy Germans were drawn to secret societies such as the Thule Society. Thule Society activist Karl Harrer was one of the founders of the German Workers' Party,[49] which later became the Nazi Party; some Nazi Party members like Alfred Rosenberg and Rudolf Hess were listed as "guests" of the Thule Society, as was Adolf Hitler's mentor Dietrich Eckart.[50] After their rise to power, the Nazis persecuted occultists.[51] While many Nazi Party leaders like Hitler and Joseph Goebbels were hostile to occultism, Heinrich Himmler used Karl Maria Wiligut as a clairvoyant "and was regularly consulting for help in setting up the symbolic and ceremonial aspects of the SS" but not for important political decisions. By 1939, Wiligut was "forcibly retired from the SS" due to being institutionalised for insanity.[52]
Later 20th century[edit]
In the 1960s and 1970s, esotericism came to be increasingly associated with the growing counter-culture in the West, whose adherents understood themselves in participating in a spiritual revolution that would mark the Age of Aquarius.[53] By the 1980s, these currents of millenarian currents had come to be widely known as the New Age movement, and it became increasingly commercialised as business entrepreneurs exploited a growth in the spiritual market.[53] Conversely, other forms of esoteric thought retained the anti-commercial and counter-cultural sentiment of the 1960s and 1970s, namely the techno-shamanic movement promoted by figures such as Terence McKenna and Daniel Pinchbeck which built on the work of anthropologist Carlos Castenada.[53]
This trend was accompanied by the increased growth of modern paganism, a movement initially dominated by Wicca, the religion propagated by Gerald Gardner.[54] Wicca was adopted by members of the second-wave feminist movement, most notably Starhawk, and developing into the Goddess movement.[54] Wicca also greatly influenced the development of Pagan Druidry and other forms of Celtic revivalism.[54]
Academic study[edit]
The academic study of Western esotericism was pioneered in the early 20th century by historians of the ancient world and the European Renaissance, who came to recognise the impact of pre-Christian and non-rational schools of thought on European society and culture that had been widely ignored by previous scholarship.[15] One of the key centres for this was the Warburg Institute in London, where scholars like Frances Yates, Edgar Wind, Ernst Cassier, and D.P. Walker began arguing that esoteric thought had had a greater impact on Renaissance culture than had been previously accepted.[55]
Initially, the study of Western esotericism had been divided among different disciplines. However, Hanegraaff asserted that Western esotericism had to be studied as a separate field to religion, philosophy, science, and the arts, because while it "participates in all these fields" it does not squarely fit into any of them.[56] It was Antoine Faivre, operating at the Sorbonne, who developed the study of Western esotericism into a formalised field.[57]
In 1980, the Hermetic Academy was founded in the United States as an outlet for scholars interested in Western esotericism.[58] From 1986 to 1990 members of the Hermetic Academy participated in panels at the annual meeting of the AAR under the rubric of the "Esotericism and Perennialism Group".[58] By 2008, there were three dedicated university chairs in the subject, at the University of Sorbonne, University of Amsterdam, and the University of Exeter, with the latter two institutions also offering master's degree programs in it.[59]
On the basis of the fact that "English culture and literature have been traditional strongholds of Western esotericism", in 2011 Pia Brînzeu and György Szönyi urged that English studies also have a role in this interdisciplinary field.[60]
Popular culture[edit]
Kennet Granholm has argued that there are problems with the field in that it draws a difference between esotericism and non-esoteric elements of culture which draw on esotericism; citing the example of extreme metal, he noted that it was incredibly difficult to differentiate between those artists who were "properly occult" and those who simply utilised occult themes and aesthetics in "a superficial way".[61]
Writers interested in occult themes have adopted three different strategies for dealing with the subject: those who are knowledgeable on the subject including attractive images of the occult and occultists in their work, those who disguise occultism within "a web of intertextuality", and those who oppose it and seek to deconstruct it.[62]
- ^ Versluis 2007, p. 1.
- ^ Bogdan 2007, p. 5.
- ^ Bogdan 2007, p. 6; Hanegraaff 2013, p. 3.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 3.
- ^ a b c Hanegraaff 2013, p. 13.
- ^ Bogdan 2007, p. 7.
- ^ Faivre & Voss 1995, pp. 48–49.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Bogdan 2007, p. 10; Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2008, pp. 7–10.
- ^ Bogdan 2007, p. 10.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 4–14.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 9–10.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 10–12.
- ^ a b Goodrick-Clarke 2008, p. 4.
- ^ Bogdan 2007, p. 15.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2008, pp. 3, 15; Hanegraaff 2013, p. 18.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2008, p. 13; Hanegraaff 2013, p. 18.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2008, p. 16–20; Hanegraaff 2013, p. 19.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2008, pp. 27–29; Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 19–20.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2008, pp. 20–27.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2008, p. 25; Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 20–21.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 25.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 26.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 26–27.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 27.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 27–28.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 28–29.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 29.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 30.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 31.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 30–31.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 32.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 32–33.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 33–34.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 35–36.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 36.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 37.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 37–38.
- ^ a b c d Hanegraaff 2013, p. 38.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 38–39.
- ^ a b Hanegraaff 2013, p. 39.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 39–40.
- ^ a b c Hanegraaff 2013, p. 40.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 40–41.
- ^ a b c d Hanegraaff 2013, p. 41.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 41–42.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, p. 42.
- ^ Hermann Gilbhard: Thule-Gesellschaft.
- ^ Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke: The Occult Roots of Nazism. London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks 2005, p. 149.
- ^ Corinna Treitel: A Science for the Soul: Occultism and the Genesis of the German Modern. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press 2004, p. 220.
- ^ Corinna Treitel: A Science for the Soul: Occultism and the Genesis of the German Modern. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press 2004, p. 215f.
- ^ a b c Hanegraaff 2013, p. 43.
- ^ a b c Hanegraaff 2013, p. 44.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2008, pp. 4–5.
- ^ Hanegraaff 2013, pp. 1–2.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2008, p. 5.
- ^ a b Faivre & Voss 1995, p. 59.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2008, p. 3.
- ^ Brînzeu & Szönyi 2011, p. 184.
- ^ Granholm 2013, pp. 8–9.
- ^ Brînzeu & Szönyi 2011, p. 185.
- Asprem, Egil (2014). "Beyond the West: Towards a New Comparativism in the Study of Esotericism". Correspondences: An Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism 2 (1): 3–33.
- Bogdan, Henrik (2007). Western Esotericism and Rituals of Initiation. New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0791470701.
- Brînzeu, Pia; Szönyi, György (2011). "The Esoteric in Postmodernism". European Journal of English Studies (Routledge) 15 (3): 183–188. doi:10.1080/13825577.2011.626934.
- Faivre, Antoine (1994). Access to Western Esotericism. New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0791421789.
- Faivre, Antoine (2010). Western Esotericism: A Concise History. Christine Rhone (translator). New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1438433776.
- Faivre, Antoine; Voss, Karen-Claire (1995). "Western Esotericism and the Science of Religions". Numen 42 (1): 48–77. JSTOR 3270279.
- Giegerich, Eric (2001). "Antoine Faivre: Studies in Esotericism". The San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal 20 (2): 7–25. doi:10.1525/jung.1.2001.20.2.7.
- Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2008). The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195320992.
- Granholm, Kennet (2013). "Ritual Black Metal: Popular Music as Occult Mediation and Practice". Correspondences: An Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism 1 (1): 5–33.
- Granholm, Kennet (2013). "Esoteric Currents as Discursive Complexes". Religion 43 (1): 46–69. doi:10.1080/0048721x.2013.742741.
- Hanegraaff, Wouter (1998). New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9004106956.
- Hanegraaff, Wouter (2012). Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521196215.
- Hanegraaff, Wouter (2013). Western Esotericism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1441136466.
- Versluis, Arthur (2007). Magic and Mysticism: An Introduction to Western Esotericism. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0742558366.
- Von Struckrad, Kocku (2005a). Western Esotericism: A Brief History of Secret Knowledge. Durham: Acumen. ISBN 978-1845530334.
- Von Struckrad, Kocku (2005b). "Western esotericism: Towards an integrative model of interpretation". Religion 35 (2): 78–97. doi:10.1016/j.religion.2005.07.002.
External links[edit]
- An Esoteric Archive
- Center for History of Hermetic Philosophy and Related Currents, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- The Western Esoteric Tradition Research Site
- Association for the Study of Esotericism (ASE)
- European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism (ESSWE)
- Center for History of Hermetic Philosophy and Related Currents, University of Amsterdam
- University of Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism (EXESESO)
- Aries: Journal for the Study of Western Esotericism
- Esoterica. A peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the transdisciplinary study of Western esotericism


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subset: commoncrawl


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Port workers in part of the Argentine grains hub of Rosario lifted a work stoppage on Friday, only a day after they went on strike over demands for higher year-end bonuses, a union official said.
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text:
To download this game for your Linux/Mac installation, enter this on your command line:
DreamDownload byond://Ginseng.TribeWars##version=0Emulator users, in the BYOND pager go to File | Open Location and enter this URL:
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Will you lead your Orcish tribe to peace or kill all that stand in your way? [More]
Only Windows users can play this game. If you have an emulator, you can join the waiting list to be informed when a new server is ready to play.
Tipps4: (Jul 17 2012, 10:31 pm)
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With Storage Maximizer for SharePoint, you'll be able to optimize SharePoint performance and relieve the stress SharePoint data places on your SQL Server by storing the data more efficiently. Storage Maximizer enables you to automate the movement of selected SharePoint data to the locations you trust through SharePoint RBS (remote blob storage) or EBS (external blob storage).
View all the Storage Maximizer for Sharepoint videos & demos.
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SQL server wasn't designed to specifically store SharePoint data, so it's causing an array of problems, including slow SharePoint performance, an increase in costs for expensive SQL server storage space, and tedious future migrations. In this webcast, you'll discover how to ensure SharePoint accessibility and performance while relieving the dependency and costs associated with SQL server storage.
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View this on-demand demonstration of Storage Maximizer to learn how Quest can help you simplify and reduce the costs of SharePoint storage.
Watch the Webcast Archive »
In this webcast, SharePoint MVP Todd Klindt, SharePoint 911, will help you discover options you have to externalize SharePoint data to less expensive, high-capacity storage in order to streamline your everyday SharePoint storage management tasks.
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Our History
learn some
We are open to the public:
+ Monday-Thursday from 5-7pm for reservation-only Small Batch Brewery Tours ($8)
+ Friday nights from 6-11pm for Happy Hour
+ Saturday from noon-8pm, with tours on the hour from 1-5pm (free- 40 tickets available)
+ Sunday from noon-6pm, with tours on the hour from 1-4pm (free- 40 tickets available)
+ Monday-Thursday, 5-7pm
+ Reservation Only
+ $10
+ 30 people max
+ Guided tasting of 4 different Brooklyn beers
+ 30-45 minute tour of our facilities
+ Afterwards, one is welcome to get a couple of pints (beers are $5 each, or 5 for $20) or purchase dry goods and souvenirs at The Company Store
+ All participants leave with a complimentary souvenir Brooklyn Brewery stemware glass
+ Guests must be over 21 or accompanied by a parent or legal guardian
+ Dogs are welcome (although our cat, Monster, has been known to get feisty)
+ One can order food delivered to The Brewery or can bring their own
+ Reservations are accepted 30 days prior to the requested date. Dates fill up very quickly! For reservations, click here
+When you arrive at the Eventbrite Reservation link, use the drop down box "Please select a date to attend" to choose your date. If the date is not listed, either it is not available yet (the date is 30+ days prior to the requested tour) or the date is sold out with no additional availability. All guests must have a ticket to join the Small Batch Tour. Due to the limited space in our brewhouse, we are not able to accept walk-ins and do not have a waitist available for the tours.
+If you have a New York Pass, please make reservations as normal. Your discount will not apply until you arrive at the brewery on the date of the tour and present your New York Pass. Each guest that presents a valid New York Pass upon entrance to the Small Batch Tour, will be issued a $2 refund.
+ 6-11pm every Friday
+ Free
+ There are no tours but you can have your pick of up to 10 draft beers and our growing number of Big Bottles
+ Beer tokens are $5 each, or 5 for $20
+ Noon-8pm
+ Free Tours at 1, 1:30, 2, 2:30, 3, 3:30, 4, 4:30 and 5pm - 40 guests per tour
+ Beer tokens are $5 each, or 5 for $20
+ Outside food is allowed to be delivered or brought in
+ Children are welcome with the accompaniment of an adult
+ Noon-6pm
+ Free Tours at 1, 1:30, 2, 2:30, 3, 3:30 and 4pm - 40 guests per tour
+ Beer tokens are $5 each, or 5 for $20
+ Outside food is allowed to be delivered or brought in
+ Children are welcome with the accompaniment of an adult


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The place to find the latest industry buzz! If you are interested in showcasing your organization, event, or cause, please click here for more information.
Copyright © 2013 Urban Swank®, LLC. All Rights Reserved.Urban Swank is a lifestyle blog focusing on food, fashion, beauty, travel and entertainment.
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Welcome to AcneprilConsumerReviews.net
As one of the most powerful acne pills ever created, Acnepril targets your acne from the inside. The best part is that you will see a significant drop in your acne within 3 days of first use. Acnepril has quickly become America's Favorite Acne Treatment with its all natural ingredients and easy to take capsules. Its claim to fame is the 3 days promise, see results within 3 days or your money back. Unlike prescription treatments where you will either see hefty price tags or dangerous side effects, Acnepril is made from all natural ingredients that are 100% safe and 100% effective. It works to get rid of all the toxins, revitalize you of vitamin deficiencies, and eliminate germs that may sabotage even your body's efforts to eliminate acne.
Acnepril is specifically designed for those who have suffered from acne and have tried everything on the market with no results. Since most of users in that situation is very skeptical about it, Acnepril offers a 100% No Questions Asked Money Back Guarantee. If you are in any way unhappy about the results of Acnepril, they will send you a full refund. How is that for confidence in their product. Acnepril works by balancing the body of acne causing hormones, while detoxifying and strengthening the body from creating new acne. This one-two combination will help eliminate and prevent new acne from forming, ever again!
Leaving all science and rumors aside, the most important aspect of any effective acne product can be found in the REVIEWS from consumers and previous users of Acnepril. We have set up this website with a user interface designed just for YOU: to share good experiences, bad experiences and any information you have about Acnepril. This is also a great source for those of you looking to try Acnepril for the first time. If you have used Acnepril before, please inform others on following criteria: speed of results, cleaning power, prevention power, price you paid, experience with refund policy, and overall value.
We have also found other acne treatments with over 90% approval rating from consumer reviews.
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Photo Credit: Jeffrey Mayer/WireImage
Gossip Girl star Leighton Meester is suing her mother, Constance Meester, for misusing money that Leighton had sent to care for her younger brother Lex, who has medical problems. In a twist that sounds like it's ripped from the scheming Upper East Side world of Gossip Girl, Leighton claims that her mom has instead been using the funds to pay for cosmetic surgery for herself!
According to legal papers obtained by TMZ, Meester, 25, had been sending her mother a monthly check of $7,500 to be used expressly for her brother Lex, who has medical issues. However, the suit claims that Constance has been using the money for Botox, hair extensions and other plastic surgery procedures.
According to the lawsuit, Constance had tried to convince Leighton that the two had an oral contract saying that Leighton would be required to pay her pay her $10,000 a month for life. Leighton disputes this claim and says there is no contract. Constance, in turn, had threatened to sue her daughter for $3 million if Leighton didn't raise the monthly allowance to $10,000. (That's a lot of Botox.) Leighton filed her lawsuit in the hopes that the judge will declare that there is no contract between her and her mother.
A source tells People, "This whole thing's been really tough on Leighton. Her only concern has always been taking care of her brother."
Constance Meester has had a checkered past, giving birth to Leighton while in a Texas halfway house, after being convicted in the 1980s of helping a drug ring smuggle marijuana into the United States from Jamaica. Earlier this year, a woman won a restraining order against Constance after being allegedly harassed by her.
While relations are obviously strained with her mother, Leighton is very close to other members of her family. "Her only concern has always been taking care of her brother," the same inside source tells People. "Leighton's really close with her brother and her dad -- her parents are divorced. Leighton's a sweet girl -- she cares about work, friends and family."


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TDM - Transnational Dispute Management
Five articles have been selected for publication from the presentations given at the Biennial CILS International Arbitration Symposium held 22-25 May at Leopoldskron Palace in Salzburg, Austria. The arbitration symposium emerged from the construction law conferences James J Myers began organising with CILS in the late 1990s. This eighth iteration of the symposium was chaired by Mr Laurent Hirsch of Hirsch Kobel, Geneva and Ms Silvia Marchili of King & Spalding, Houston, who assembled a varied program of expert and entertaining panellists and moderators from around the world.
TDM 5 (2014) - FDI Moot 2014
The top memorials produced by Harvard Law School, University of Ottawa, University of Warsaw, and Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz during the FDI Moot 2014 are published in this annual TDM special.
In this video Sophie Nappert and Mark Kantor introduce TDM 3 (2014). Watch on TDM or YouTube.
Not a subscriber yet? Sign up for our update e-mails here or follow us on LinkedIn, Twitter or Facebook. You can apply for OGEMID membership here.
TDM 2 (2014) - Intangible Heritage Disputes
This Special Issue follows and complements TDM 5 (2013) - Art and Heritage Disputes in International and Comparative Law. Taken together the two special issues adopt a holistic approach to cultural heritage, considering the dynamic link or dialectical relationship between the tangible and intangible heritage. As intangible heritage is made up of processes and practices-its fate depending on oral transmission and being closely related to its creators and context-it may need ad hoc safeguarding approaches and methodologies. In particular, this special issue aims to explore some examples of intangible heritage related disputes, highlight the main tenets of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, and suggest avenues for ways forward and further research. Guest editors: Dr. Valentina Vadi (Lancaster University) and Prof. Hildegard Schneider (Maastricht University)
TDM 1 (2014) - Reform of ISDS...
Edited by Jean E. Kalicki (Arnold & Porter LLP and Georgetown University Law Center) and Anna Joubin-Bret (Cabinet Joubin-Bret) this TDM special issue on the "Reform of Investor-State Dispute Settlement: In Search of a Roadmap" has more than 60 papers making it the largest TDM Special Issue to date. The interest in this topic, and the breadth of proposals offered by our contributors, demonstrates both the importance of holding this dialogue and the creativity of astute users and observers of the present system. This Special Issue is particularly timely in light of the European Union public consultation on investor-state dispute settlement and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership just begun by EU Trade Commissioner Karel De Gucht.
TDM 5 (2013) - Art & Heritage Disputes
In this TDM special on Art and Heritage Disputes in International and Comparative Law guest editors Dr. Valentina Vadi (NYU, Lancaster University) and Prof. Hildegard Schneider (Maastricht University) aim to identify, map and critically assess key themes and features of the numerous art and heritage disputes which have arisen in the past decades. In the introduction article the editors map the key features of these disputes and assess the contribution that these cases offer to the development of international law in both its public and private dimensions. A separate volume to be published early 2014 will focus on intangible heritage disputes.
TDM 4 (2013) - 10 years of TDM
We are pleased to publish this special anniversary issue. Ten years of TDM: A satisfying journey for those who started along the path with our founder Prof. Thomas Wälde in 2003 and for those who have joined along the way. We would like to thank all the guest editors of TDM Specials, all the contributing authors to TDM and of course the (frequent) participants in (Young-)OGEMID discussions over the years. Editor-in-Chief Mark Kantor introduces this special issue ... read more.
TDM 3 (2013) - Corruption and Arbitration
This special issue on Corruption and Arbitration analyzes new trends, developments, and challenges respecting the intersection between, on the one hand, allegations, suspicions or findings of corruption and, on the other hand, decisions by arbitral tribunals regarding jurisdiction, admissibility and the merits of commercial and investment disputes. Many thanks to the Editors Prof. Dr. Richard Kreindler (Shearman & Sterling LLP) and Carolyn B. Lamm (White & Case LLP) and to their colleagues Hansel Pham (White & Case) and Marc Jacob (Shearman & Sterling) for their assistance and support during the preparation of this interesting special issue of TDM.
TDM 2 (2013) - EU Investment Treaties ...
Prof. Dr. Christian Tietje and Dr. iur Richard Happ edited this special on the EU, Investment Treaties, and Investment Treaty Arbitration - Current Developments and Challenges for TDM. Apart from taking stock of the current developments, this issue tries to reflect on the remaining challenges and possible solutions for open questions. It also includes a study requested by the European Parliament's Committee on International Trade which is made available on TDM with kind permission.
TDM 1 (2013) - Human Rights
This TDM special on Aligning Human Rights and Investment Protection is edited by Professor Dr. Ursula Kriebaum (University of Vienna) and analyses the possibility of courts and tribunals operating in the fields of human rights and international investment protection to take into account the concerns of the other field of law. This issue is a welcome addition to the human rights related material available on TDM and we like to thank Professor Kriebaum for her work on this special.
This last issue of 2012 is a regular issue covering a variety of topics including Third Party Funding, Ecuador v Chevron in the Canadian courts, Damages in Guinea v DRC (by J.R. Cook) and papers having a closer look at Investor-State Disputes by Prof. L. Trakman, G. Kahale, III and Mark Kantor. This issue also includes and a number of case comments and book reviews. In 2013 a number of specials will be published: Aligning Human Rights and Investment Protection; Corruption in Arbitration; and the EU and Int'l Investment Protection Law and Arbitration.
TDM 5 - Legal Issues in Tobacco Control
This TDM Special offers a timely look at the Legal Issues in Tobacco Control in the lead-up to the Fifth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the WHO FCTC, to be held from 12 to 17 November 2012 in Seoul ('COP5'). The contributors to the Special Issue discuss a range of disputes and negotiations concerning tobacco control regulation, offering insights into the legal questions at issue, their political ramifications, and their future resolution. The contributions address the broad themes of trade and investment in tobacco, the WHO and the WHO FCTC, plain tobacco packaging, and flavoured cigarettes, as introduced by the editors of the special Prof. Andrew Mitchell and Associate Prof. Tania Voon (Melbourne Law School)
Previous Journal issues ...
- TDM 6 (2012) - FDI Moot 2012
- TDM 4 (2012) - International Arbitration and Dispute Resolution - CILS 2012
- TDM 5 (2011) - Resolving International Business Disputes by ADR in Asia
- TDM 2 (2012) - FDI Moot 2011
- TDM 4 (2011) - Contingent Fees and Third Party Funding in Investment Arbitration Disputes
- TDM 3 (2011) - Intersections: Dissemblance or Convergence between International Trade and Investment Law
- TDM 2 (2011) - regular issue
- TDM 1 (2011) - regular issue
- TDM 4 (2010) - China
- More ...
Call for CETA Papers
We are seeking proposals for articles on
various aspects of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between the European Union and Canada (CETA).
Editors: Herfried Wöss, Fabien Gélinas, Andrea Bjorklund, and John Gaffney. Read more...
TDM/OGEMID Interview(s)
Abhijit Mukhopadhyay is the President of Legal of the Hinduja Group, one of the largest diversified groups in the world employing over 70,000 people worldwide and focusing on banking & finance, transport, energy (oil & power), as well as technology, media and telecommunications. He manages the Group's worldwide legal matters, including international arbitration, litigation, and mediation. The interview was conducted by Sylvia Tonova (Jones Day, London).
You can watch the interview here.
Call for contributions
- TDM Special issue with ARBITRALWOMEN - Dealing with Diversity in International Arbitration
Editors: Rashda Rana and Louise Barrington
- Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between the European Union and Canada (CETA)
Editors: Herfried Wöss, Fabien Gélinas, Andrea Bjorklund, and John Gaffney
- OGEL & TDM: Renewable Energy Disputes
Editor: Prof. Kim Talus
- Arbitration in the Middle East - Expectations and Challenges for the Future
Editors: Craig Shepherd and Mike McClure
- Dispute Resolution from a Corporate Perspective
Editors: K-U. Karl, A. Mukhopadhyay, M. Wheeler and H. Hazzaa
- The Pacific Rim and International Economic Law: Opportunities and Risks of the Pacific Century
Editors: Prof. Wenhua Shan and Mark Feldman
OGEMID Seminars program
Led by a team including Tony Cole and several others a series of four mini - seminars started in October 2013. Topics: 1. BITs and FDI (Oct. '13); 2. Investment Arbitration Claims and State Policy Freedom (March '14); 3. Investment Arbitrators and the Public Interest (2014); 4. Diversity, Expertise and the Selection of Investment Arbitrators (2014).
Advance publication
- Dec 09
- Sociology of International Arbitration
- Dec 03
- What's Tax Got To Do With It? The Yukos Tribunal's Approach to Motive and Treaty Interpretation
- Nov 26
- Business Mediation, ADR and Conflict Management in the German Corporate Sector - Status, Development & Outlook
- Nov 17
- Jurisdiction and Applicable Law in Investment Treaty Arbitration
- Nov 17
- Case Management in Transnational Disputes: The Benefits of Having a Litigation Action Plan
- Nov 05
- Comparing Political Risk Insurance and Investment Treaty Arbitration
- Oct 28
- Going First Makes a Difference: Decision-Making Dynamics in Arbitration
- Oct 24
- Inside Counsel Should be Active in Mediation
- Oct 24
- Japan's Ambitious International Investment Agreement Policy - Laying the Groundwork for Future Disputes?
- Oct 21
- Fruits of the Poisonous Tree: The Admissibility of Unlawfully Obtained Evidence in International Arbitration
- Oct 21
- Mammoth Arbitrations: the Yukos Awards of 18 July 2014
- Oct 20
- Addendum TDM 3 (2014): The Right to Consult and the Right of States to Grant Concessions for the Extraction of Natural Resources in the Territory of Indigenous or Tribal Communities in the Case Law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Full listing...
Michael Hwang S.C.
Selected Essays on International Arbitration
by M. Hwang S.C.
Published Academy Publishing in November 2013, this book is now available as a free download here.
Liber Amicorum: T. Wälde
A Liber Amicorum: Thomas Wälde - Law Beyond Conventional Thought was published in 2009 by CMP Publishing Ltd. in honour of Thomas Wälde. The editors Jacques Werner and Arif Hyder Ali gathered an impressive collection of essays by practioners, arbitrators and professors who knew Thomas Wälde in a modest effort to capture Thomas' never ending interests. This book is now available on OGEL and TDM with the kind permission from the publisher. For subscribers the chapters are available as individual papers, all others may download the entire book as a free download.
TDM News Digest
Contribute (Short) Comments & Papers
We are looking for both short comments on recent developments of broad interest and longer academic style papers. We would like, such comments and papers to be backed-up by provision of in-depth notes and articles and primary legal and regulatory materials.
Given TDM's role as the principal international arbitration network, we are looking to re-publish quality and relevant studies published elsewhere - and would appreciate help in identifying such studies and, where possible, get the authors' (or other right-holders') consent.
For more information or suggestions, please contact our Editor in Chief, have a look at our submission guidelines and read our Call for Papers section.
Call for contributions
- TDM Special issue with ARBITRALWOMEN - Dealing with Diversity in International Arbitration
Editors: Rashda Rana and Louise Barrington
- Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between the European Union and Canada (CETA)
Editors: Herfried Wöss, Fabien Gélinas, Andrea Bjorklund, and John Gaffney
- OGEL & TDM: Renewable Energy Disputes
Editor: Prof. Kim Talus
- Arbitration in the Middle East - Expectations and Challenges for the Future
Editors: Craig Shepherd and Mike McClure
- Dispute Resolution from a Corporate Perspective
Editors: K-U. Karl, A. Mukhopadhyay, M. Wheeler and H. Hazzaa
- The Pacific Rim and International Economic Law: Opportunities and Risks of the Pacific Century
Editors: Prof. Wenhua Shan and Mark Feldman
See also are previously published specials.
TDM Editorial Committee
Mark Kantor, Editor-in-Chief
View profile
Maurice Mendelson QC, (OGEMID)
Barrister, Blackstone Chambers
View profile
Sophie Nappert, (OGEMID)
3 Verulam Buildings
View profile
Dr. Sébastien Manciaux, (OGEMID)
University of Bourgogne, CREDIMI
View profile
Baiju S. Vasani, (OGEMID)
Jones Day
View profile
Also see: Editorial Team.
Did you know that 1189 authors from all over the world have contributed to TDM? See our overview of contributing authors for more information.
Why not submit papers for publication yourself and become part of the TDM network.
The number of TDM subscribers is increasing continuously; there is an increasing number of major international companies, universities, governmental organisations, law firms (mainly those with a claim to special competence in international dispute management and arbitration), international agencies and academic and think-tank institutions in the field of dispute management and arbitration. A selection in random order:
You can find a more extensive overview here.
OGEL (Transnational Dispute Management sister publication)
Oil, Gas and Energy Law (OGEL, ISSN 1875-418X) is a comprehensive and innovative information service with a focus on oil-gas-energy law, regulation, treaties, judicial and arbitral cases, voluntary guidelines, tax and contracting, including the oil-gas-energy geopolitics. See www.ogel.org for more details on published issues and details on how to contribute. Be sure to check out our special arrangement for a combined OGEL/TDM subscription.
International dispute settlement is a relatively new field of academic study that increasingly combines private and public international law and raises enduring issues of global importance. The growth of the field of international dispute settlement in practice, the novelty and significance of the issues posed, and the originality of the academic angle from which such issues need to be addressed are the factors that triggered the launch of the Journal of International Dispute Settlement. Available at a discounted rate for subcribers of TDM.
Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy
(CEPMLP, University of Dundee)
The Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy (CEPMLP) at the University of Dundee is the internationally renowned graduate school in the field of international business transactions and natural resources and energy law and policy.
The interdisciplinary approach to teaching, research and consultancy provides a unique perspective on how governments, business and communities operate, providing the professionals of today with the ability to meet the challenges of tomorrow.


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Episode 229, "The Quindecennial" (Part One)
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Episode 202, "The Power of Love"
Episode 201, "Pafu Pafu"
Episode 200, "The Shape of Things to Come" (Mike McFarland)
Episode 199, "Celebration"
Episode 198, "The Dumbest Way to Die"
Episode 197, "The Dance of Bream and Ewoks"
Episode 196, "Take My F-ing Blood"
Episode 195, "The Flying Dutcman"
Episode 194, "The Gauntlet"
Episode 193, "Swamp Thing"
Episode 192, "Dragonball on a Boat"
Episode 191, "The Next Voyage Begins"
Episode 190, "Interstella 3D2Y"
Episode 189, "Warp to the Future"
Episode 188, "iNeedLady"
Episode 187, "We Go Live!"
Episode 186, "Flip to Side B! Go to New World!"
Episode 185, "Not Edited By George Lucas"
Episode 184, "Rocket + Devil Fruit = Gorilla"
Episode 183, "Luffy in the Sky with Sausage"
Episode 182, "Croc You Like a Hurricane" (John Swasey)
Episode 181, "Doctor Fishbone"
Episode 180, "The Legend of Zolo" (Alexis Kirsch)
Episode 179, "Shark and Awe" (Part Two)
Episode 178, "Shark and Awe" (Part One, with Scott Sager)
Episode 177, "From a Police Box on the Moon" (J. Michael Tatum)
Episode 176, "Whatever Happened to Mr. Craine?"
Episode 175, "Bloodthirsty Giraffes"
Episode 174, "Banana Him" (Toshiyuki Morikawa)
Episode 173, "Villains Don't Know When to Shut Up"
Episode 172, "Now it Cuts Like a Weedwacker"
Episode 171, "So He Took Out His iPhone"
Episode 170, "Eggplants and Bluejam"
Episode 169, "Sixty Nine"
Episode 168, "Aquaman Haki"
Episode 167, "S and M Bear"
Episode 166, "Big Box O' One Piece"
Episode 165, "Domu-Domu no Tour"
Episode 164, "It's All About Strawberry"
Episode 163, "Adventures on the Lower East Side"
Episode 162, "A Pup Named Arlong Crew"
Episode 161, "Don't Look So Surprised"
Episode 160, "The Return" (Chris Sabat)
Episode 159, "One Piece Banzai"
Episode 158, "The Fins on The Bus Go Round"
Episode 157, "Podcast Tokusentai"
Episode 156, "Kung Fu Chopper"
Episode 155, "Van der Jackson IX"
Episode 154, "Don't You Forget About Me"
Episode 153, "Akainu: Barber of Justice"
Episode 152, "And Now You Know"
Episode 151, "Rodeo Clown"
Episode 150, "Mugiwara no Podcast" (Colleen Clinkenbeard)
Episode 149, "Last Minute Christmas" (Brina Palencia)
Episode 148, "The Müté Button" (Chris Sabat)
Episode 147, "Interview-Robo" (Patrick Seitz)
Episode 146, "Transformation"
Episode 145, "The Merry CP9 Pirates"
Episode 144, "The Realm of the Octopods"
Episode 143, "Phoenix Roasting on an Open Fire"
Episode 142, "Baby Pecker Bamboo"
Episode 141, "Release the Kraken"
Episode 140, "One Hat to Rule Them All"
Episode 139, "The Admiral Macarena"
Episode 138, "It's Time for an Adventure"
Episode 137, "Moria is Pleased with This Podcast"
Episode 136, "It's-a Me, Luffy!"
Episode 135, "Thundercleese"
Episode 134, "Cliffhanger Rayleigh"
Episode 133, "Live From New York"
Episode 132, "Master of Disguise"
Episode 131, "One Piece High School Host Club"
Episode 130, "Back and in Greater Numbers"
Episode 129, "3D13Y"
Episode 128, "Banana Me" (J. Michael Tatum)
Episode 127, "The Strongcast GOLD"
Episode 126, "Bananagator" (Terri Doty and Stephen Hoff)
Episode 125, "The Supercast" (Patrick Seitz)
Episode 124, "The Fourth Wall"
Episode 123, "Moustache Squadron"
Episode 122, "Sanji: Enter the Fist (No Homo)"
Episode 121, "Green Day Sucks"
Episode 120, "Zach in the Box"
Episode 119, "Marco is Straight"
Episode 118, "Forsooth!"
Episode 117, "Danger is My Middle Name"
Episode 116, "Mushi Mushi"
Episode 115, "Say It!"
Episode 114, "The Marineford Mayhem Megacast"
Episode 113, "This Episode will Self Destruct"
Episode 112, "The Stephencast"
Episode 111, "To Eat…is to Live!"
Episode 110, "S.S. Ruff Ruff"
Episode 109, "Recap of a Recap of a Recap"
Episode 108, "What Would Oda Think of This?"
Episode 107, "Revolution"
Episode 106, "Now in Doughnut Vision"
Episode 105, "Truly Disturbing"
Episode 104, "Dragons, Transvestites, and Bears!"
Episode 103, "Call Me Mr. Podcast"
Episode 102, "Trash, Wind, and Fire"
Episode 101, "The Intercontinental"
Episode 100, "The Marathoncast" (Brina Palencia, J. Michael Tatum)
Episode 99, "The Professional Podcast" (Part Two)
Episode 98, "The Professional Podcast" (Part One)
Episode 97, "Porchemy Penisface"
Episode 96, "Rants and Tabulations"
Episode 95, "The Javacast" (Chris Sabat, Eric Vale, Monica Rial)
Episode 94, "How to be a Good Grandfather"
Episode 93, "JET VS The A Team"
Episode 92, "Rock Out with Your Goat Out"
Episode 91, "Back to the Beginning"
Episode 90, "Voluptuous Justice"
Episode 89, "The Crosseyed Villain"
Episode 88, "Rockstar is Not in This Podcast"
Episode 87, "Hats Off to You"
Episode 86, "Zach's Doughnut Theorem"
Episode 85, "The Doctor Is In"
Episode 84, "All the Pieces Matter"
Episode 83, "Back in Black"
Episode 82, "Chop Chop Podcast" (Mike McFarland)
Episode 81, "Super Saiyan Hormones"
Episode 80, "The Pride Upon His Back"
Episode 79, "Deep Thoughts"
Episode 78, "Emporio Filler Hormone"
Episode 77, "Face Off"
Episode 76, "Start Living in Tropical Pink"
Episode 75, "Twelve Years Later"
Episode 74, "It's Steve's Birthday"
Episode 73, "Fullmetal Podcast" (Vic Mignogna)
Episode 72, "The Name of this Podcast is 'Whitebeard'"
Episode 71, "¿Barbablanca, Por Qué?"
Episode 70, "Whitebeard House!"
Episode 69, "Multiple Entendre"
Episode 68, "Five Minutes to Conan"
Episode 67, "Shitfaced"
Episode 66, "It's All in the Hair"
Episode 65, "The Godcast" (J. Michael Tatum)
Episode 64, "Guess Who's Coming to Podcast"
Episode 63, "Evolution"
Episode 62, "The Jump Festa Zombiecast" (Part Two)
Episode 61, "The Jump Festa Zombiecast" (Part One)
Episode 60, "The Big, the Bald, and The Beautiful" (Kyle Hebert)
Episode 59, "The Strongcast GREEN"
Episode 58, "The Strongcast RED"
Episode 56, "The Strongcast BLUE"
Episode 55, "The Strongcast PINK"
Episode 54, "The Strongcast BLACK"
Episode 53, "Marco Does Something"
Episode 52, "Hancock's Sexy Camisole"
Episode 51, "His Head is Wheel"
Episode 50, "ワンピースポッドキャスト50回記念華麗なショー"
Episode 49, "What the…"
Episode 48, "To Be a Man…"
Episode 47, "Hungry Hungry Hippo"
Episode 46, "The Informal King of Pirate Listentrack"
Episode 45, "Usopp is Coming"
Episode 44, "The Zoro Duck"
Episode 43, "Buggy Buggy Boo"
Episode 42, "Into Final Phase!"
Episode 41, "Rice on the Brain"
Episode 40, "One Piece: Live and Super"
Episode 39, "Lieutenant Stalker"
Episode 38, "Croc Gets Punked"
Episode 37, "The Diary of Nico Robin"
Episode 36, "You are Already Dead"
Episode 35, "It's a Trap"
Episode 34, "Hina Mistranslate"
Episode 33, "Gratuitous Fanservice"
Episode 32, "I am Shockfaced"
Episode 31, "Error"
Episode 30, "Empty Promises"
Episode 29, "The Gregcast"
Episode 28, "Pink Flamingos"
Episode 27, "The Sideboob Simulcast Spectacular" (Part Two)
Episode 26, "The Sideboob Simulcast Spectacular" (Part One)
Episode 25, "Up the Creek Without an Oars"
Episode 24, "The Will of F"
Episode 23, "The Wizard of Oars"
Episode 22, "The Reintroduction"
Episode 21, "His Legs are Sword"
Episode 20, "Because I'm Beautiful"
Episode 19, "The Beginning of the End"
Episode 18, "The End of the Beginning"
Episode 17, "Missing Pieces"
Episode 16, "I Can't Express it in Words"
Episode 15, "The Shit Hits the Fan"
Episode 14, "The Holy Word"
Episode 13, "You are NOT the Father"
Episode 12, "The Calm Belt"
Episode 11, "Spoiled Cast"
Episode 10, "The Golden Crouch"
Episode 9, "We're Boned" (Part Two)
Episode 8, "We're Boned" (Part One)
Episode 7, "Thank You"
Episode 6, "Faux Nami"
Episode 5, "Heartless Bastard"
Episode 4, "When Shichibukai Attack"
Episode 3, "Emporio Pronoun"
Episode 2, "We are Maji"
Episode 1, "Pilot"
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I love this Sarah Shahi woman, how could you not after these pictures, she's so f@#king hot. If you don't know who she is, she was on that NBC cop show until it got cancelled because that f@#k Jay Leno moved his piece of sh#t show to ten o'clock. What an asshole. Anyhow, here she is in something for Esquire magazine called 'Me In My Place'. So this is how she spends her days in her place? Hanging around in her underwear posing provocatively with her ass in the air. Awesome. I would like to come over and watch some HGTV. Call me.
Victoria Beckham Flashes Some Cleavage
Minka Kelly Has Huge Cleavage
Sarah Shahi Great Cleavage Retarded Glasses


text: TRUE TO THEIR WORD October 30, 2001 2:18:17 PM UTC Come the end of this week, <b>Slipknot</b> was scheduled to be playing shows in the UK. As you know, those shows have been postponed. Slipknot themselves answered as to why. Well, true to their word, the dates were simply POSTPONED, not canceled. In


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"Great Story but..."
I had read this book as a teenager. I thought I would enjoy it on audio. However, the narration is poor. The whiny voice of Jonas was totally grating and the the narrator did not even bother to read with the inflection when the tone of voice was described with adjectives. Even more annoying, possibly, was the music. I don't even know how I got through this one...if it weren't for my nostalgia, I wouldn't have.
I've listened to all of the books in this series and was pleasantly surprised by how engaging they really are. I loved hearing a different perspective than the typical of Henry II--although he played a relatively minor role in the books. I never knew much more about him than that of his involvement in Beckett's death. Hearing about him from this perspective sheds a new light on his important role in history. Similarly, it is always nice to read about a woman pushing the the feminist envelope centuries ago...even if she is a fictional character, one has to believe that such women had to exist. I was really disappointed to learn that this would be the last novel in the series due to the death of the author.
I enjoyed all of the books in this series. However, this one was my absolute favorite. I thought it was so well done. I don't usually love when authors jump back and forth between past and present, but in this case, I did. It worked. The main character, Will Trent, is so likable and sympathetic. I loved to hear about how two women entered the law enforcement workplace at a time when they were not welcome. It was just a really good book and I definitely recommend reading the other books in the series first but think it would read pretty well on its own.
"solid story, fabulous narration"
The narration of this book is fabulous. Of course, anything dealing with WWII subject matter and Nazi Germany is dark and difficult to listen to. I have read a good deal from this time period but was able to learn more about certain aspects of Nazi Germany that isn't often discussed in other novels. As always, it is really great to be told the story from the perspectives of different characters around the world.
This is a pretty solid YA dystopian novel. Of course, we've got the required love triangle. But other than that, it is fairly original in its premise. The main character is very compelling. The story is exciting and pretty fast paced. Decent character development.
"not so great"
I picked up this book because I saw that one of my favorite mystery authors, Gyllian Flynn, recommended it. Parts of it felt too YA for me even though I enjoy a good YA novel. Other parts were like, "whoa! this is for kids?" The character development was pretty good in a lot of ways. But the rest of it just didn't pull together for me. Almost like a trashy teen novel trying to pretend it is something more meaningful.
"Classic (not boring) Gumshoe"
I really enjoyed this book. It was slow moving but in a good way. I haven't read any of his other novels but it worked well as a freestanding read. Decent character development. The narrator was pretty good but I wish he would have differentiated more between characters. Definitely not boring...subtle.
"Pretty Solid"
This is a pretty solid novel. But it didn't quite do it for me. Maybe a little too slow moving? The characters and story a little too far fetched? I'm not sure. I didn't not enjoy it but it didn't captivate me the way really good books do. In other words, I could stop listening without feeling that pull to keep reading.
I loved this book, mostly because it is so unique. It was recommended to me by friends for months because I am a mom and because of the passages about nursing. But everytime I read the description, I was turned off for some reason--a book told from the perspective of a five year old? Finally, I decided to take the plunge after bouncing around looking for something to listen to unsuccessfully. I was so pleasantly surprised and was disappointed not to see more work by this author. Don't let the description dissuade you from reading this--especially if you are a mother of small children. It is really wonderful.
This book is really lovely. Kind of a sleepy mystery wrapped in a sleepy mystery. It was sad, and happy, and touching. Asta is a super dynamic character. I couldn't decide whether to love her or hate her. And I suppose that is the affect that Vine was going for. I really solid book that almost anyone would enjoy.
"A little slow"
I generally like slow meandering stories. But this one missed the mark with me somehow. I was kind of shocked by the ending....left with a feeling of, that's it? Where's the rest of the story? It wasn't terrible and I really appreciate the main character's humanity toward the person that least deserved hers. But overall, just lackluster.
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Chad duell and kristen alderson – dating, gossip, news, photos, 28 july 2013 chad duell and kristen alderson photos, news and gossip. find out more about.
Chad duell and kristen alderson dating posts | gather, General hospital star's marriage is annulled. is affair with co-star to blame?.
Kristen alderson wins best actress emmy! professes chad as the, Kristen alderson wins emmy for best young actress! professes chad duell as the love of her life! also: molly, kristina & gh tables!.
Chad duell on tumblr, Find and follow posts tagged #chad duell. sign up login. wthenrie.
Kristen alderson thanks boyfriend chad duell in emmy speech – news, Speak freely. write your world. kristen alderon won the daytime emmy of outstanding younger actress for her role as starr manning (before she changed roles) last.
Chad duell (duelly87) on twitter, The latest from chad duell (@duelly87). hey im chad duell prob know me as michael corinthos from gh. los angeles, ca.
Kristen alderson | daytime confidential, Any second now, the good lord is gonna destroy the city of port charles with plagues of locusts, port charles hotel fires, lassa fever, broken elq condoms and bad.
Kristen alderson (krisalderson) on twitter, The latest from kristen alderson (@krisalderson). hi! =) yes, you can still call me starr manning. in fact, i love it. hah! or kiki if that's what u perfer now a days.
Kristen alderson | facebook, Kristen alderson. 6,292 likes · 54 talking about this. huge apologies to the facebook fans out there! i need to post more on here!.


text:
SANTA ANA – The Santa Ana Police Department said it will conduct a DUI/drivers license checkpoint on Saturday, Jan. 26.
It will take place from 7:30 p.m. to 1:30 a.m. in the area of 1500 E. McFadden Avenue.
All vehicles may be checked and drivers who are under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs will be arrested. Funding is provided by a grant from the California Office of Traffic Safety, through the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
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Towing-Oriented Performance UpgradesWhile many vehicles have plenty of power for around-town driving, their engines can be seriously taxed when it's time to tow. If you're tired of being passed by everybody (including semis), you're probably ready to extract better performance from your engine. Towing can also be extremely hard on a vehicle's transmission, but there is a wide range of transmission performance products available.
While pulling more weight can put some strain on your vehicle's engine and transmission, stopping more weight can really tax its brakes, especially on long grades. Of course, shifting into a lower gear can help slow your vehicle, but this does generate heat, which means that you'll need a good radiator and water pump and a good transmission fluid cooler. You also may find it necessary to install better brakes. (We're sure that you're running appropriate trailer brakes and other important towing supplies.)
Have trouble hooking up to a hitch? Whether the problem is a matter of seeing what you're doing by yourself, finding the right size ball at the last minute or trying to connect a high tongue to a low hitch (or vice versa), there are quick and easy solutions.
Trailering is a much more complex subject than many people suspect. The improper use of trailers and hitches can lead to disastrous, if not fatal, consequences. It pays to be aware of what's involved. Take care and pay attention to the tips offered here; they may help to ensure that your next trailering attempt isn't your last one.
If you have a safety problem with your vehicle, or if information is missing from your trailer certification label, call the DOT Auto Safety Hotline at (888) 327-4236 or visit www.nhtsa.gov. We have also included information on trailer types, brakes, towing tips and product photos in this Guide. Check it all out so won't have a trailering trauma when you tow your low to the show.


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Mushrooms stuffed with Progresso® Italian style bread crumbs, veggies and cheese makes perfect warm appetizers ready in an hour.
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Walnuts or pistachios can be used instead of the hazelnuts.
Arrange the warm mushrooms on a serving platter, and add whole hazelnuts and oregano sprigs for a festive flair.
Italian Gorgonzola is rich and creamy with a mild, yet slightly pungent flavor and aroma. If you can't find Gorgonzola, use blue cheese instead.
Orange-Cherry-Almond Pinwheels
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text:
Remains of 4 people found buried in remote desert area
Authorities announced Wednesday that the remains of four people were found at a grave site Wednesday in unincorporated Victorville.
A motorcyclist stumbled upon the first set of remains Monday morning in the desert area between Quarry Road and the 15 Freeway, according to the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department.
Coroner's officials confirmed that the remains were human and returned with homicide investigators Tuesday to continue the investigation.
Now, "investigators believe they have located the remains of more than one person," the Sheriff's Department said, adding that it appears the remains have been there for some time.
Crews excavated the site to determine if there were any more remains.
Man gets death penalty for torturing, killing 84-year-old widow
Santa Monica dog walker charged after dog bites 4-year-old girl
Woman defrauded nuns of $285,000 to buy lingerie, lease sports car
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