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|Part of a series on
Cārvāka (Sanskrit: चार्वाक), also known as Lokāyata, is a system of Indian philosophy that assumes various forms of materialism, philosophical scepticism and religious indifference.[1]
Cārvāka is classified as a heterodox Hindu (Nāstika) system.[2][3][4] It is characterised as a materialistic and atheistic school of thought. While this branch of Indian philosophy is today not considered to be part of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy, some describe it as an atheistic or materialistic philosophical movement within Hinduism.[5][6]
Cārvāka emerged as an alternative to the orthodox Hindu pro-Vedic Āstika schools, as well as a philosophical predecessor to subsequent or contemporaneous nāstika philosophies such as Ājīvika, Jainism and Buddhism (the latter two later spinning off into what may be described today as separate religions) in the classical period of Indian philosophy.[7] As opposed to other schools, the first principle of Cārvāka philosophy was the rejection of inference as a means to establish metaphysical truths.[8][9]
Etymologically, Cārvāka means "agreeable speech" or "sweet talkers" (cāru – agreeable, pleasant or sweet and vāk – speech) and Lokāyata signifies "prevalence in the world" (loka – world and āyata – prevalent).[10][11][12][13]
The name Lokāyata can be traced to Kautilya's Arthashastra, which refers to three ānvīkṣikīs (logical philosophies) – Yoga, Samkhya and Lokāyata. However, Lokāyata in Arthashastra, does not stand for materialism because the Arthashastra refers to Lokāyata as a part of Vedic lore. Lokāyata here probably refers to logic or science of debate (disputatio, "criticism") and not to the materialist doctrine.[14] Similarly, Saddaniti and Buddhaghosa in the 5th century connect the "Lokāyata" with the Vitandas (sophists).
It is only from about the 6th century that the term Lokāyata was restricted to the school of the materialists or Lokyātikas. The name Cārvāka was first used in the 7th century by the philosopher Purandara, who referred to his fellow materialists as "the Cārvākas", and it was used by the 8th century philosophers Kamalaśīla and Haribhadra. Adi Shankara, on the other hand, always used Lokāyata, not Cārvāka.[15] By the 8th century, the terms Cārvāka, Lokāyata, and Bārhaspatya were used interchangeably to signify materialism.[16]
The earliest documented materialist in India is Ajita Kesakambali, a senior contemporary of the Buddha (sixth/fifth century BCE).[16] The basic tenets of Cārvāka philosophy, of no soul and existence of four (not five) elements, were probably inspired from him.[17] Although materialist schools existed before Cārvāka, it was the only school which systematised materialist philosophy by setting them down in the form of aphorisms in the 6th century. There was a base text, a collection sūtras or aphorisms and several commentaries were written to explicate the aphorisms.[18]
E. W. Hopkins, in his The Ethics of India (1924) claims that Cārvāka philosophy was contemporaneous to Jainism and Buddhism, mentioning "the old Cārvāka or materialist of the 6th century BC". Rhys Davids assumes that lokāyata in ca. 500 BC came to mean "skepticism" in general without yet being organised as a philosophical school, and that the name of a villain in the epic Mahabharata, Cārvāka, was attached to the position to disparage it. The earliest positive statement of scepticism is preserved from the epic period, in the Ramayana, Ayodhya kanda, chapter 108, where Jabāli tries to persuade Rāma to accept the kingdom by using nāstika arguments (but Rāma then refutes him in chapter 109):[19]
O, the highly wise! Arrive at a conclusion, therefore, that there is nothing beyond this Universe. Give precedence to that which meets the eye and turn your back on what is beyond our knowledge. (2.108.17)
The Cārvāka school thus appears to have gradually grown out of generic scepticism in the Mauryan period, but its existence as an organised body cannot be ascertained for times predating the 6th century. The Barhaspatya sutras were likely also composed in Mauryan times, predating 150 BC, based on a reference in the Mahabhasya of Patanjali (7.3.45).[19] Cārvāka was a living philosophy up to the 12th century AD after which this system seems to have disappeared without leaving any trace. The reason for this sudden disappearance is not known.[16]
Earliest descriptions[edit]
Bṛhaspati is sometimes referred to as the founder of Cārvāka or Lokāyata philosophy. The earliest direct quote from Bṛhaspati's lost writings is found in the text Sarvasiddhantasamgraha, which is sometimes controversially attributed to Adi Shankara. In the Sarvasiddhantasamgraha, the author quotes Brihaspati as follows:
Chastity and other such ordinances are laid down by clever weaklings; gifts of gold and land, the pleasure of invitations to dinner, are devised by indigent people with stomachs lean with hunger.
The building of temples, houses for water-supply, tanks, wells, resting places, and the like, please only travelers, not others.
The Agnihotra ritual, the three Vedas, the triple staff, the ash-smearing, are the ways of gaining a livelihood for those who are lacking in intellect and energy.
The wise should enjoy the pleasures of this world through the more appropriate available means of agriculture, tending cattle, trade, political administration, etc.[20]
|Part of a series on
Arguments for atheism
The Cārvāka school of philosophy had a variety of atheistic and materialistic beliefs. They held perception to be the only valid source of knowledge.[21]
In syllogism, the middle term, which is found in both the subject (minor term) and is invariably connected with the predicate (major term), is seen as the cause of knowledge. This invariable connection between middle term and predicate is unconditional and causes inference not by virtue of its existence, like the existence of the eye is the cause of perception, but by virtue of its being known. To the Cārvākas there were no reliable means by which this connection could be known and therefore the efficacy of inference as a means of knowledge could not be established.[8]
To prove that inference was not a reliable means of knowledge Cārvākas examined and refuted each of the various means of knowing the connection between the middle term and the predicate individually:
- External perception, or perception which involves the use of the senses, could not be the required means because although it is possible that the actual contact of the senses and the object could produce the knowledge of the particular object, there can never be such contact in the case of the past or the future. Therefore if external perception were the means on knowing the connection then inference related to objects of the past and future could not happen.
- Internal perception, or perception which involves the mind, could not be the required means either because one cannot establish that the mind has any power to act independently towards an external object and is thought to be dependent on the external senses.
- Nor could inference be the means since if inference were the proof of inference, one would also require another inference to establish this inference, and so on, leading to the fallacy of an Ad infinitum regression.
- Nor could testimony be the means since testimony can be classified as a type of inference. Moreover, there is no reason for one to believe the word of another. Besides, if testimony were to be accepted as the only means of the knowledge of the invariable connection between middle term and predicate, then in the case of a man to whom the fact of the connection had not been pointed out by another person, there could be no inference.
- Comparison (Upamana) could also be rejected as the means of the knowledge of the connection since the objective of using Upamana is to establish a different kind of knowledge than is being sought here, the relation of a name to something so named.
- Absence of a condition (Upadhi), which is given as the definition of an invariable connection to restrict too general a middle term, could itself not be used to establish inference because it is impossible to establish that all conditions required to restrict the middle term are known without recourse to inference and inference, as has been proven earlier, cannot establish itself.[22]
Since none of the means of knowing were found to be worthy to establish the invariable connection between middle term and predicate, Cārvākas concluded that the inference could not be used to ascertain metaphysical truths. Thus, to Cārvākas, the step which the mind takes from the knowledge of something to infer the knowledge of something else could be accounted for by its being based on a former perception or by its being in error. Cases where inference was justified by the result were seen only to be mere coincidences.[23]
Therefore, Cārvākas denied metaphysical concepts like reincarnation, extracorporeal soul, efficacy of religious rites, other worlds (heaven and hell), fate and accumulation of merit or demerit through the performance of certain actions.[18] Cārvākas also rejected the use of supernatural causes to describe natural phenomena. To them all natural phenomena was produced spontaneously from the inherent nature of things.[24]
The fire is hot, the water cold, refreshing cool the breeze of morn;
By whom came this variety ? from their own nature was it born.[24]
Consciousness and Afterlife[edit]
Carvakas thought that body was formed out of four elements (instead of five) and that consciousness was an outcome of the mixture of these elements. Therefore, Carvakas did not believe in an afterlife. To them, all attributes that represented a person, such a thinness, fatness etc., resided in the body. To support the proposition of non-existence of any soul or consciousness in the afterlife Carvakas often quoted from Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.[21][25]
Springing forth from these elements itself
solid knowledge is destroyed
when they are destroyed—
after death no intelligence remains.[21]
|Part of a series on
Schools of hedonism
Cārvāka · Cyrenaics · Epicureanism
Christian hedonism · Utilitarianism · Abolitionism · Yangism
Key concepts
Aponia · Ataraxia · Eudaimonia · Happiness · Hedone · Pain · Pleasure · Sensation · Suffering · Tetrapharmakos
Related articles
Cārvāka believed that there was nothing wrong with sensual pleasure. Since it is impossible to have pleasure without pain, Cārvāka thought that wisdom lay in enjoying pleasure and avoiding pain as far as possible. Unlike many of the Indian philosophies of the time, Cārvāka did not believe in austerities or rejecting pleasure out of fear of pain and held such reasoning to be foolish.[21]
The berries of paddy, rich with the finest white grains,
What man, seeking his true interest, would fling away because covered with husk and dust?[26]
Cārvākas rejected religious conceptions like afterlife, reincarnation, religious rites etc. They were extremely critical of the Vedas and thought that Vedas suffered from three faults – untruth, self-contradiction and tautology. To them, Vedas were just incoherent rhapsodies. They also held the belief that such texts were invented and made up by men and had no divine authority.[24]
The Agnihotra, the three Vedas, the ascetic's three staves, and smearing one's self with ashes,
Were made by Nature as the livelihood of those destitute of knowledge and manliness.[24]
No independent works on Cārvāka philosophy can be found except for a few sūtras composed by Brihaspati. The 8th century Tattvopaplavasimha of Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa (ca. 8th century) is often cited as the only extant authentic Cārvāka text, but which also shows Madhyamaka influence. Shatdarshan Samuchay and Sarvadarśanasaṅ̇graha of Vidyaranya are a few other works which elucidate Cārvāka thought.[27]
One of the most important references to the Cārvāka philosophy is the Sarva-darśana-saṅgraha (etymologically all-philosophy-collection), a famous work of 14th century Advaita Vedanta philosopher Mādhava Vidyāraṇya from South India, which starts with a chapter on the Cārvāka system. After invoking, in the Prologue of the book, the Hindu gods Shiva and Vishnu ("by whom the earth and rest were produced"), Vidyāraṇya asks, in the first chapter:[28]
|...but how can we attribute to the Divine Being the giving of supreme felicity, when such a notion has been utterly abolished by Charvaka, the crest-gem of the atheistic school, the follower of the doctrine of Brihaspati? The efforts of Charvaka are indeed hard to be eradicated, for the majority of living beings hold by the current refrain:
Ain-i-Akbari, written by Abul Fazl, the famous historian of Akbar's court, mentions a symposium of philosophers of all faiths held in 1578 at Akbar's insistence. Some of the beliefs of Cārvāka are recorded from this symposium, in which, some Cārvāka philosophers are said to have participated.[29]
Sanskrit poems and plays like the Naiṣadha-carita, Prabodha-candrodaya, Āgama-dambara, Vidvanmoda-taraṅgiṇī and Kādambarī contain representations of the Cārvāka thought. However, the authors of these works were thoroughly opposed to materialism and tried to portray the Cārvāka in unfavourable light. Therefore, their works should only be accepted critically.[18]
Loss of original works[edit]
There was no continuity in the Cārvāka tradition after the 12th century. Whatever is written on Cārvāka post this is based on second-hand knowledge, learned from preceptors to disciples and no independent works on Cārvāka philosophy can be found.[18] Chatterjee and Datta explain that our understanding of Cārvāka philosophy is fragmentary, based largely on criticism of its ideas by other schools, and that it is not a living tradition:
"Though materialism in some form or other has always been present in India, and occasional references are found in the Vedas, the Buddhistic literature, the Epics, as well as in the later philosophical works we do not find any systematic work on materialism, nor any organised school of followers as the other philosophical schools possess. But almost every work of the other schools states, for refutation, the materialistic views. Our knowledge of Indian materialism is chiefly based on these."[30]
Representation of Cārvāka in Āstika, Buddhist and Jain literature[edit]
Buddhists, Jains, Advaita Vedantins and Nyāya philosophers considered the Cārvākas as one of their opponents and tried to refute their views. These refutations are sources of Cārvāka philosophy since they continued to be made even after all the authentic Cārvāka/Lokāyata texts had been lost. However, the representation of the Cārvāka thought in these works is not always firmly grounded in first-hand knowledge of Cārvāka texts and should be viewed critically.[18]
Though Cārvākas accepted direct perception as the surest method to prove the truth of anything, they might also have accepted a limited usage of inference. The perception that Cārvākas had a rigid stance against the application of inference might have been a result of caricaturing of their arguments by their opponents. Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya quotes S. N. Dasgupta:
"Purandara (a Lokāyata philosopher) [...] admits the usefulness of inference in determining the nature of all worldly things where perceptual experience is available; but inference cannot be employed for establishing any dogma regarding the transcendental world, or life after death or the law of karma which cannot be available to ordinary perceptual experience."[31]
Likewise, the charge of hedonism against Cārvāka might have been exaggerated.[16] Countering the argument that the Cārvākas opposed all that was good in the Vedic tradition, Dale Riepe says, "It may be said from the available material that Cārvākas hold truth, integrity, consistency, and freedom of thought in the highest esteem."[32]
See also[edit]
- Adevism
- Atheism in Hinduism
- Humanism
- Epicureanism
- Yangism, an egostic Chinese school
- Ship of Theseus
- ^ Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli; and Moore, Charles A. A Source Book in Indian Philosophy. Princeton University Press; 1957. Princeton paperback 12th edition, 1989. ISBN 0-691-01958-4. p. 227.
- ^ "Philosophical & Socio" by M.h.Siddiqui, p. 63|quote="Carvaka is classified as a "heterodox" (nastika) system", "part of the six orthodox schools of Hinduism"
- ^ Radhakrishnan and Moore, "Contents".
- ^ p. 224. Flood, Gavin (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Though this school of thought is not commonly considered as a part of six orthodox schools of Indian Philosophy, Haribhadra Suri, a Jain mendicant from c. seventh century, considers this school as a part of those six in his book ShaDdarshan Samucchaya. Potter, Karl H. (2007). The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Buddhist philosophy from 350 to 600 A.D. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publications. pp. 435–436. ISBN 978-81-208-1968-9.
- ^ Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Charles A. Moore. A Source book in Indian Philosophy. (Princeton University Press: 1957, Twelfth Princeton Paperback printing 1989) pp. 227–49. ISBN 0-691-01958-4.
- ^ Bhattacharya 2011, p. 9.
- ^ a b Cowell and Gough, p. 5.
- ^ Bhattacharya 2011, p. 58.
- ^ Richard King (1999). Indian Philosophy: An Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought. Edinburgh University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7486-0954-3.
- ^ N. V. Isaeva (1 January 1993). Shankara and Indian Philosophy. SUNY Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7914-1281-7. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
- ^ Monier-Williams (1899); the name literally means "speaking nicely", from cāru "agreeable" and vāk "speech"
- ^ Cowell and Gough, p. 2; Lokāyata may be etymologically analysed as "prevalent in the world " (loka and āyata)
- ^ Bhattacharya 2011, p. 27.
- ^ Bhattacarya 2002, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d Bhattacharya, Ramakrishna. History of Indian Materialism. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
- ^ Bhattacharya 2011, p. 29.
- ^ a b c d e Bhattacharya, Ramkrishna. Materialism in India: A Synoptic View. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
- ^ a b see Schermerhorn (1930).
- ^ Raṅgācārya, M. (2006). The Sarva siddhānta saṅgraha of Śaṅkarācārya : text with English translation, introduction, notes, glossary & index (1st ed. ed.). Delhi: Eastern Books Linkers. ISBN 8178541084., Chapter 1
- ^ a b c d Cowell and Gough. p. 3
- ^ Cowell and Gough, p. 6-9.
- ^ Cowell and Gough, p. 9.
- ^ a b c d Cowell and Gough. p. 10
- ^ Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Translated by Swami Madhavananda. Advaita Ashram, Kolkatta. Verse II-iv-13 states: "After attaining (this oneness) it has no more consciousness."
- ^ Cowell and Gough, p. 4.
- ^ Joshi, Dinkar. Glimpses of Indian Culture. Star Publications (P) Ltd, Delhi. P. 37. ISBN 81-7650-190-5.
- ^ a b Cowell and Gough, p. 2.
- ^ Ain-i-Akbari, Vol. III, translated by H. S. Barrett, pp 217–218 (also see Amartya Sen [2005], pp 288–289)
- ^ Satischandra Chatterjee and Dhirendramohan Datta. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy. Eighth Reprint Edition. (University of Calcutta: 1984). p. 55.
- ^ Indian Philosophy, p. 188
- ^ Riepe, Dale. The Naturalistic Tradition of Indian Thought (Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi) p.75
- Bhatta, Jayarashi. Tattvopapalavasimha (Charvaka Philosophy).
- Bhattacharya, Ramakrishna. Cārvāka Fragments: A New Collection, Journal of Indian Philosophy, Volume 30, Number 6, December 2002, pp. 597–640.
- Bhattacharya, Ramakrishna. Studies on the Carvaka/Lokayata (Cultural, Historical and Textual Studies of Religions). Anthem Press; Bilingual edition (15 December 2011). ISBN 0857284339.
- Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad (1959). Lokāyata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism. New Delhi: People's Pub. House.
- Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad (1964). Indian Philosophy: A Popular Introduction. New Delhi: People's Pub. House.
- Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad (1969). Indian Atheism: A Marxist Analysis. Kolkata: Manisha.
- Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad (1976). What Is Living and What Is Dead in Indian Philosophy. New Delhi: People's Pub. House.
- Cowell, E. B.; Gough, A. E. (2001). The Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha or Review of the Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy: Trubner's Oriental Series. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-24517-3.
- Flood, Gavin (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Gokhale, Pradeep P. The Cārvāka Theory of Pramāṇas: A Restatement, Philosophy East and West (1993).
- Koller, John M. Skepticism in Early Indian Thought, Philosophy East and West (1977).
- Nambiar, Sita Krishna (1971). Prabodhacandrodaya of Krsna Misra. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass.
- Phillott, D. C. (ed.) (1989) [1927]. The Ain-i Akbari. by Abu l-Fazl Allami, trans. Heinrich Blochmann (3 vols. ed.). Delhi: Low Price Publications. ISBN 81-85395-19-5.
- Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli; and Moore, Charles A. A Source Book in Indian Philosophy. Princeton University Press; 1957. Princeton paperback 12th edition, 1989. ISBN 0-691-01958-4.
- Riepe, Dale (1964). The Naturalistic Tradition of Indian Thought (2nd ed. ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
- Salunkhe, A. H.. Aastikashiromani Chaarvaaka (in Marathi).
- Schermerhorn, R. A. When Did Indian Materialism Get Its Distinctive Titles?, Journal of the American Oriental Society (1930).
- Sen, Amartya (2005). The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture and Identity. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 0-7139-9687-0.
External links[edit]
- Lokāyata/Cārvāka – Information site on Lokāyata/Cārvāka
- Lokāyata/Cārvāka – Indian Materialism (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
- Cārvāka, the first Chapter of The Sarva-darsana-sangraha of Madhavacharya
- "Ancient Indian Wisdom" by Dr. Ramendra published in International Humanist News
- "On Lokāyat" in Some Reflections on Ethics by Dr. Ramendra
- Materialism in India: A Synoptic View Ramakrishna Bhattacharya


text:
Linda's StoryThis cake is so moist. Everytime I take it somewhere, I bring back an empty cake carrier. If you enjoyed Dreamsicle ice cream when you were growing up then you will love this cake. It's not a heavy cake and not real sweet...Just right. I hope your family will enjoy this cake as much as mine
Blue Ribbon Recipe
Notes from the Test Kitchen:
Wow, boy does this recipe bring memories! As a child I could often be found down at the country store with a Creamsicle in hand. And when I could get away with it, they were my breakfast of choice as well! We love this recipe and think it would be a great choice for your next bake sale or luncheon.
Wow, boy does this recipe bring memories! As a child I could often be found down at the country store with a Creamsicle in hand. And when I could get away with it, they were my breakfast of choice as well! We love this recipe and think it would be a great choice for your next bake sale or luncheon.
duncan hines orange supreme cake mix
1 c
milk, cold
1/2 c
orange juice, fresh
1/2 c
vegetable oil
1 box
orange jello, small
1 box
french vanilla instant pudding
4 large
1 medium
1 large
can of crushed pineapple, well drained
1 c
sour cream
2 pkg
frozen coconuts
1 1/2 c
1/2 c
chopped pecans, finely chopped
Directions Step-By-Step
1Open Pineapple and let it drain completely..Mash it with a spoon in the collander so that no juice is visible.. If you don't do this, your frosting is going to be runny
2Prepare three 8 or 9 inch cake pans, by rubbing them with shortening and sprinkling with flour to cover each pan. Preset oven to 350 degrees.
3In a large mixing bowl, put in the cake mix. Don't follow the cake recipe on the box, Instead, add the milk,oil,orange juice, pudding, jello, and 4 large eggs, one at a time, beating well after each.
4Divide among the 3 prepared cake pans and bake for 30 minutes at 350 degrees. If you use dark cake pans, bake at 325 degrees.
5Cool on baking racks until completely cooled.
6In a medium mixing bowl, add the frozen coconut, the large can of drained pineapple, sugar, cup of sour cream and one cup of coolwhip. Mix well by hand.
7Spread between layers. Sprinkle the bottom and second layer with the chopped nuts. Next, add another cup or cup and a half of coolwhip to the frosting mixture. Frost the top and sides with the remaining frosting. Keep Refrigerated
8Enjoy. This is a beautiful and delicious cake. The icing goes on really well.
About this Recipe
Course/Dish: Cakes
Main Ingredient: Flour
Regional Style: American
Collections: Comfort Classics, Fourth of July!
Bea L. BeachChic - May 7, 2011
It sounds so refreshing, Linda. Thank you for sharing the recipe.
Karla Everett Karla59 - May 8, 2011
Linda ,This sounds delicious , Thanks for sharing :)
Kimi Gaines kimijo - May 8, 2011
Thus is amazing...thanks for sharing with us!!
Kimi Gaines kimijo - May 8, 2011Kimi Gaines [kimijo] has shared this recipe with discussion groups:
Kitchen Sisters
JAP Prayer Chain
Carole F BakersQueen - May 8, 2011
I have never heard of frozen coconut...learn something new every time I get on this site. This does sound so delish, very refreshing..YUM. Thank you for posting, this is saved in my recipe file.
Happy Mother's day Ladies!!


text:
Reality TV Live Updates
By Tom Eames
Ben starts the game of Jerry Springer, as Jerry in an American accent. He starts: "We have a man today who's been living a double life. A man known to his friends as an accountant - then at the age of 42 ..."


text:
Montclair State University
|Montclair State University
|Carpe Diem
|Motto in English
|Seize the day
|Public University
|$47.1 million (2009)[1]
|Susan Cole, Ph.D
|Admin. staff
|Montclair, New Jersey, United States
40°51′32.78″N 74°11′55.27″W / 40.8591056°N 74.1986861°WCoordinates: 40°51′32.78″N 74°11′55.27″W / 40.8591056°N 74.1986861°W
500 acre (202.34 ha) campus, including NJ School of Conservation
|Red Hawk Athletics
|Red and White
|Red Hawks
|Rocky the Red Hawk
(formerly, the Indians)[3]
Montclair State University is a public university located in the Upper Montclair section of Montclair, the Great Notch area of Little Falls, and the Montclair Heights section of Clifton, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of October 2014, there were 20,002 total enrolled students: 15,885 undergraduate students and 4,137 graduate students.[2] Montclair State University is New Jersey's second largest school,[4] with Rutgers University being the first.[4] It is also the state's fastest growing school and currently sizes at 500 acres (2.0 km2), inclusive of the New Jersey School of Conservation, which attracts students statewide.[5] More than 250 majors, minors and concentrations are offered.[6]
The university is a member of such professional organizations as the American Association of State Colleges and Universities,[7] American Council on Education,[7] Association of American Colleges and Universities[7] and the Council of Graduate Schools.[7]
- 1 History
- 2 Admissions
- 3 Rankings
- 4 Campus Life
- 5 Colleges and Schools
- 6 Athletics
- 7 Growth
- 8 Residence facilities
- 9 Alumni and people associated with MSU
- 10 See also
- 11 References
- 12 External links
Plans for the building of what was to be a State Normal school was initiated in 1903,[8] and it took a year for permission to be granted for the approval of the state for building the school.[8] It was then established as New Jersey State Normal School at Montclair, a normal school, in 1908[9] approximately 5 years after the initial planning of the school.[8] At the time, Governor John Franklin Fort attended the dedication of the school in 1908,[8] and the school was to have its first principal Charles Sumner Chapin that same year.[10] The first building constructed was College Hall, and it still stands today.[8] At the time, however, the school only offered two year programs which were meant to train and develop school teachers.[8] At the time, the campus was around 25 acres (100,000 m2), had 8 faculty members and 187 students.[8] The first graduating class, which numbered at 45 students,[8] contained William O. Trapp, who would then go on to win the Pulitzer Prize for journalism in 1929.[11] The first dormitories were then built five years later, in 1915, and is known as Russ Hall.[11]
In 1924, Dr. Harry Sprague was to become the first president of Montclair,[11] and shortly afterwards the school began being more inclusive of extracurricular activities such as sports, which are still an important sect in the culture of the school.[11] In 1927, however, after studies had emerged concerning the number of high school teachers in the state of New Jersey (only 10% of all high school teachers received their degrees from New Jersey),[11] the institution became Montclair State Teachers College and developed a four-year (Bachelors of Arts) program in pedagogy, becoming the first US institute to do so.[11] In 1937 it became the first teachers college accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.
In 1943, during World War II, several students, under permission from the president, Harry Sprague, had joined the US Navy as volunteers, to train for the war.[12] It was also a time when students and faculty would sell war bonds to support US American troops.[12]
Then in 1958, the school merged with the Panzer College of Physical Education and Hygiene to become Montclair State College.[12] The school became a comprehensive multi-purpose institution in 1966.[9] The Board of Higher Education designated the school a teaching university on April 27, 1994, and in the same year the school became Montclair State University.[9] It has offered Master of Arts programs since 1932, Master of Business Administration since 1981, Master of Education since 1985, Master of Science since 1992, Master of Fine Arts since 1998, Doctor of Education since 1999, Doctor of Environmental Management since 2003 and Doctor of Science since 2005.
In 2004, New Jersey Transit opened Montclair State University Station at Little Falls,[13] which links the university to New York City.[13] The building of the MSU Station cost $26 million[13] to complete, including a 1,500-space parking deck.[13]
Typically, the university has a selectivity ratio of less than 50% for freshmen, and is considerably more selective when selecting out of state and transfer applicants.
Freshman Admission Standards Montclair State University considers a number of factors during the admission process. These factors include the rigor of high school curriculum, the overall grade point average (GPA), standardized test scores, and additional factors that contribute to successful degree attainment. These standards are subject to change depending on the demand for programs and the number of students that can be accommodated.
Applicants are no longer required to submit SAT or ACT scores, effective Fall 2014.[14][15][16]
In preparation for the academic rigor of Montclair State University, the prospective student should have followed a challenging high school curriculum. A freshman applicant is required to have completed the following high school courses with satisfactory grades:
- 4 units of English
- 3 units of math (in the Algebra, Geometry, Algebra II sequence)
- 2 units of the same foreign language
- 2 units of lab sciences
- 2 units of social sciences
- 3 units of academic electives (which may include additional units of math, languages, sciences or social sciences.)
The university reviews each application individually; however, when considering an applicant for Freshman Admission, certain minimum standards are followed. Strong candidates for admission generally meet the following criteria:
- A GPA of 3.0 or greater in the required curriculum
- A combined SAT score of 1500 (Math, Critical Reading, and Writing) or ACT composite score of 20
Rankings of Montclair State University are mixed depending on the rating criteria and scope. In 2014, U.S. News & World Report ranked Montclair State University #54 for "Regional Universities North Rankings."[17] According to Forbes Magazine 's annual list of "Americas Best Colleges", Montclair State is ranked as the number one public institution in the state of New Jersey and third overall. In addition, the university was also added as a "Best Buy" university compiled by CCAP and Forbes.[18] Additionally, U.S. News & World Report ranks Montclair State University's graduate programs in secondary teacher education and elementary teacher education in the top 20 in the nation while the School of Business consistently earns its placement on the Princeton Review's annual list of "Best Business Schools". The university's Department of Fire Safety received a perfect score on the Princeton Review, one of only twenty-two other schools in the Nation to receive this honor.[19]
Campus Life[edit]
From 2010 to 2012, there have been no murders reported at Montclair State University.[20] In 1976, a fatal school shooting occurred outside of Bohn Hall following a dispute over a missing basketball.[21]
The frequent crimes are burglary, liquor law violations, and drug abuse violations.[20] The tables below show crime statistics for the locations on-campus (including student housing), student housing, public areas adjacent to the university, and non-campus locations that are owned by the university.
|On Campus
|Student Housing
|Non Campus
|Forcible Rape
|Other Forcible Offenses
|Non-forcible Offenses
|Forcible Rape
|Other Forcible Offense
|Non-forcible Offenses
|Forcible Rape
|Other Forcible Offenses
|Non-forcible Offenses
|On Campus
|Student Housing
|Non Campus
|On Campus
|Student Housing
|Non Campus
|On Campus
|Student Housing
|Non Campus
Colleges and Schools[edit]
Montclair State University contains six colleges and/or schools, each with its own Dean. For the most part these schools organize and conduct academic programs individually (i.e. Bachelor's Degree Programs, Master's Degree Programs, Certificate Programs, etc.), but occasionally work cooperatively to offer interdisciplinary programs. For example, a student may pursue a degree in Psychology with Teacher Certification in Social Studies - a program that is offered jointly by the College of Humanities and Social Sciences (Psychology) and the College of Education and Human Services (Teacher Certification).[22]
MSU offers a PhD in Environmental Management, one of the very few universities in the United States to offer a doctoral degree in that area. It also offers students the opportunity to pursue a PhD in biomedicine with its joint degree program with UMDNJ.[23] The university also offers articulation agreements with UMDNJ's Medical,[24] Dental[24] and Physical Therapy[24] programs.[24] The school also offers such articulation agreements with Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, combining a Bachelors degree from Montclair with a Pharmacy Degree from the school.[24]
The College of Education and Human Services (CEHS)[edit]
The College of Education and Human Services also houses the Teacher Education program. Majors in other colleges with a teacher certification component are administered jointly by the Teacher Education program and the college or school responsible for the major's subject matter.[22] Within the majors the school supplies, students gain an understanding of not only the subject they strive to teach, but also the understanding of the classroom. In order to receive a degree, students must take many psychology related courses.
The College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS)[edit]
The College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Montclair State offers all liberal arts degrees. Most of the majors deal with the social sciences. Anthropology, Psychology, and Sociology give students backgrounds in human adaptations to society, while Communication Sciences and Disorders, Linguistics, and Spanish/Italian give an understanding of speech related problems and languages. Other majors students could pursue include Classic and General Humanities, English, History, Justice Studies, Philosophy and Religion, and Political Science.
The College of Science and Mathematics (CSAM)[edit]
The College of Science and Mathematics has a wide variety of programs from which to choose. Located in Richardson Hall are the Department of Mathematics and Physics, the Department of Computer Science, and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Science Hall houses the Department of Biology and Molecular Biology. Degrees available in these departments include mathematics with concentrations in discrete applied mathematics, statistics, and finance, physics, computer science, information technology, science infomatics, chemistry, biochemistry, pharmaceutical biochemistry, biology, molecular biology, and marine biology and coastal sciences. Each degree also has teaching certification options. The Department of Mathematics also offers an Ed.D. in Mathematics Education. Located in Mallory Hall is the Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, which offer degrees in Geography, Geoscience, Urban Studies, Environmental Studies, Sustainability Science, an interdisciplinary PhD in Environmental Management, a Professional Science Masters (PSM) in Applied Sustainability, and certificate programs in Water Resource Management, Geographic Information Science and Environmental Forensics. Mallory Hall is also the administrative home of the Passaic River Institute, the PSEG Institute for Sustainability Studies, the Health Careers Program and the Upward Bound Project.
The College of the Arts (CART)[edit]
Majors within the department range widely. Music and Art are the most popular majors within the department and are broken down into concentrations. Broadcast journalism and Television production are popular too and Montclair has one of the best schools in the nation for pursuing these. The Department of Theatre and Dance offers degrees in acting, dance and technical theatre.
The John J. Cali School of Music is part of the College of the Arts. The Cali School of Music provides a wide range of study and performance opportunities to approximately 400 undergraduate and 60 graduate students. These include undergraduate and graduate concentrations and minors, as well as professional certification programs in Music Education and Music Therapy, and the Artist's Diploma and Performer's Certificate degrees in classical and jazz performance.[25] The school also houses the unique instruments of the late American composer and instrument builder Harry Partch.[26] In addition, the noted string quartet, the Shanghai Quartet, has been in residence at MSU since 2002.[27]
The School of Business (SBUS)[edit]
The School of Business has several majors available for pursuing. It offers both undergraduate as well as MBA programs. One could either choose the Bachelor or Arts approach or the Bachelor of Science one. The Bachelor of Arts degree will supply degrees in Economics and Business Economics. The Bachelor of Science degree will give degrees in Marketing, Retail Merchandising & Management, Lesiure Industries & Tourism, Accounting, Finance, International Business, Management, Real Estate and some other concentrations. The MBA program is recently redesigned and offers concentrations in Accounting, Marketing, Finance, International Business, and Management.
The building that houses the Business Department, Partridge Hall, is set to be replaced by a new building within the next few years. The School of Business also offers post-MBA certificate programs. The International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, published by Emerald, is edited by Dr. Avinandan Mukherjee and academically housed in the Marketing Department.
School of Communication and Media (SCMA)[edit]
Montclair State University's new School of Communication and Media became a reality on July 1, 2012, after years of research and development by current faculty and staff. The school unites the former departments of Communication Studies, Broadcasting, and Film making to create a program of studies that better prepares its graduates for careers in communication and media. Focused coursework, hands-on internships, and mentoring by a top-tier faculty are designed to equip students with the skills to make them more appealing to organizations and industries. In August 2012, Merrill Brown became the school's first director. The School of Communication and Media Arts' mission is to be an active thought leader in its field by focusing on contemporary aspects in media, training students to be future leaders in the industry, and to be a model for other schools. [28]
Graduate School[edit]
All of the six schools at Montclair offer Masters and/or Doctorate degrees in various fields. A good portion of the graduate degrees are within education. Some include Early Childhood Education, Educational Psychology, Teaching (Elementary, Middle, and High School), and Counseling. There are also four doctorate degrees within the teaching field, and those are in Audiology, Counselor Education, Mathematics Education, and Teacher Education and Development.
Within the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, there are some graduate programs on could pursue, notably English, History, and Spanish and Italian. Increasing numbers of degree candidates take the M.A. as a stepping-stone or gap-filler to strengthen applications for PhD admissions. Some of the Bachelor degree programs within the departments lead to Master degree programs within the education sector.
The College of Arts has graduate degree programs in Art and Music. But if a student wants to take up Art or Music Education, the Education Department has graduate programs in it for those concentrations.
There are many Masters Degree programs in the College of Sciences and Mathematics. These include Mathematics, Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Physics, with several concentrations. In the Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Masters Degree programs include Environmental Studies and Geoscience. There is also a PhD program in Environmental Management.
The School of Business has graduate degree programs in a lot of the concentration. The most popular Master's program is the MBA program in Business Administration. There are also graduate programs in Accounting, Management, and International Business.
Montclair State University's athletic teams have played under many names in the school's history. From the late 1920s to '30s, the school played as the "Big Red," and featured a large scarlet "M" on its uniforms. Next, Montclair State Teacher's College competed as the Indians, using a logo with a Native American chief's profile with the initials "MSTC" emblazoned on the caricature's headdress. The initials were changed to "MSC" when the school became Montclair State College in 1958. At one point in the 1980s, the school's baseball team used the cartoon Native American used by the Cleveland Indians. Finally, in 1989, in response to the growing concerns voiced by many Native Americans, the school changed its nickname to the Red Hawks,[3] named after the Red-tailed Hawks that are indigenous to the area.
Division III Sports[edit]
Montclair State University athletics are in the NCAA Division III in the New Jersey Athletic Conference (NJAC). The university currently offers the following sports:
Club sports[edit]
- Men's Ice Hockey (ACHA Division II)
- Men's Rugby (MetNY RFU Division II)
- Men's Volleyball (Middle Atlantic Collegiate Volleyball Conference)
- Baseball (National Club Baseball Association (NCBA) Division II Central)
Sports Fields and Facilities[edit]
- Sprague Field
- The 6,000-seat field is home to the MSU football team, women's soccer and field hockey teams.
- Panzer Gymnasium
- The 1,200-seat arena is home to the MSU men's and women's basketball teams and volleyball team.
- Panzer Pool
- The 500-seat Panzer Pool is home to the Red Hawk men's and women's swimming and diving teams.
- MSU Soccer Park
- The 1,100-seat natural grass field, which opened in 1998, is the main home for both the men's and women's soccer teams.
- Yogi Berra Stadium
- The 3,400-seat stadium is home to the MSU baseball team as well as the New Jersey Jackals of the Can-Am League.
- MSU Softball Stadium
- The 300-seat stadium opened its doors in 2004 and is home to the MSU softball team, and also hosted the 2009 NCAA Division III Women's College World Series.
- Floyd Hall Arena
- The ice skating arena opened in March 1998 with two NHL size rinks, an off-ice training area, meeting rooms, concession stand, pro shop, and facilities for birthday parties. Floyd Hall Arena now attracts over 500,000 visits per year and has become the home to many groups including The MSU Hockey Club, the Montclair Hockey Club, The North Jersey Figure Skating Club, the Clifton HS Mustangs and Nutley and Passaic Valley High School Hockey Teams.
- Student Recreation Center
- The 77,000-square-foot facility is home to two fitness floors, a six-lane swimming pool, two racquetball courts, a full-size basketball court with an overhead track, and two multi-purpose rooms. Montclair State University's Student Recreation Center hosts 13 intramural sports, a variety of fitness classes, and many special events throughout each year.
The old campus of Montclair State consisted of College Hall, Russ Hall, Chapin Hall and Morehead Hall, all built between 1908 and 1928. Near the end of World War II, housing for returning soldiers was added; one of these buildings still stands today and houses the broadcasting department. Between 1950 and 1980, Montclair acquired a significant amount of land in Little Falls that had previously been a rock quarry, and added at least 23 buildings to its campus during that time.
Additions to the campus slowed after this, with the dormitory Blanton Hall the only major addition to campus before Montclair State began aggressively pushing growth again in the late 1990s.
Dickson Hall was dedicated to David W.D. Dickson, the first African American president of Montclair State, in 1995. The Floyd Hall Arena, an ice skating rink, was built in 1998. In 1999, Science Hall was opened. In 2001, the Red Hawk Diner was added to the campus, making it the first diner on a university campus in the United States.
Recent Additions (2002-2010)[edit]
In recent years, MSU committed itself to a $250 million capital construction program.[30] Some major projects achieved under this program are:
- The Red Hawk Deck, MSU's first parking structure, opened in spring 2003
- The Village Apartments at Little Falls, a new apartment complex accommodating 850 students, opened in fall 2003.
- The Women's Softball Stadium, opened in 2004.
- The 500-seat Alexander Kasser Theater, opened in fall of 2004.
- The New Jersey Transit Rail Station & Parking Deck was opened in Fall 2004. It provide direct access to and from New York Penn Station, the city's main public transportation hub. This is also the major parking and transfer point on the Montclair-Boonton Line.
- The Children's Center, opened in fall 2005.
- University Hall, the largest building on campus, opened in spring 2006, and is the new home of the College of Education and Human Services.
- The George Segal Gallery, located on the fourth floor of the Red Hawk Deck, opened in spring 2006.
- Cafe Diem, a cafe attached to Sprague Library, opened in January 2007.
- Chapin Hall, nearly 100 years old, was completely renovated and expanded in order to house the newly created John J. Cali School of Music.
- A 77,000-square-foot (7,200 m2) Student Recreation Center opened in spring 2008.
- Sinatra Hall, a new suite style residence hall near the Village, housing 300 undergraduate students, opened in August 2010.
- CarParc Diem, the largest parking structure at MSU, with approximately 1,600 spaces, also opened in August 2010.
- The Heights, two new housing complexes, holding approximately 2,000 students, with a brand new dining facility, opened August 2011.
New Capital Master Plan (2010-2014)[edit]
MSU has once again committed itself to a new campus master plan, estimated at about $650 million in capital construction and improvements.[1] The major projects under this new program are:
Completed Projects
- Two new student housing and dining complexes, The Heights, are adjacent to the Student Recreation Center and CarParc Diem Garage. Opened in August 2011, they house approximately 2,000 students, increasing the on-campus housing capacity to 5,500, the second largest college residential population in New Jersey after Rutgers University in New Brunswick. They have also increased dining capacity at MSU by 25,000 gross square feet.
On-Going Projects
- A 121,000 square feet (11,200 m2) building is to be built to house the new School of Business (SBUS), adjacent to University Hall. It is scheduled to open in Spring 2015.
- A 92,000 square feet (8,500 m2) new building, located adjacent to Richardson Hall, to house the new Center for Environmental and Life Sciences, scheduled to open in 2015. It will contain expanded research labs, house the Department of Earth and Environmental Studies and interdisciplinary institutes such as the Margaret and Herman Sokol Institute for Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, the Passaic River Institute, and the PSEG Institute for Sustainability Science. The majority of the funding for this facility will come from a bond issue passed by statewide referendum on November 6, 2012.
- A 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2) expansion of Morehead Hall, will form the Communication and Media Studies Center, which is scheduled to open in 2014.
- A 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) building, located across from the Red Hawk Parking Deck, will house the Visual Arts and Design Center, greatly expanding the capacity for these arts and allowing extensive repairs to be made to Calcia Hall (which was initially going to be torn down, as per the master plan). The new facility is scheduled to open in 2014.
- Various expansions, improvements and renovations of current residential buildings and athletic facilities, College Hall, Richardson Hall, Science Hall, Partridge Hall (current home of SBUS), Mallory Hall, Life Hall, the Bond House, Student Center, and the New Jersey School of Conservation (240 acre campus, the site of major environmental education and research facilities in Stokes state forest, Sussex County) are all planned for this period as well.
- Upgrades to the entire campus physical plant, maintenance (i.e. a new facility on the north side of campus), heat and power generation (i.e. a new and improved facility near Floyd Hall arena, which is scheduled for completion and to be in full operation by Fall 2013), public safety (i.e. a new Public Safety building), roads and traffic, surface parking, etc., are all scheduled projects in this capital master plan.
Increased enrollment along with new construction and limited expansion options have caused a parking crunch at Montclair State University. The school has responded to the parking demands by constructing three garages: The Red Hawk Deck, the NJ Transit Deck (located at the Montclair State University NJ Transit train station), and CarParc Diem.
Residence facilities[edit]
The current residence facilities at Montclair State University are:
- Blanton Hall
- This five-story coed complex houses 640 residents in all double rooms connected by a bathroom. Only four residents share each "suite" bathroom.
- Bohn Hall
- The tallest building at MSU, housing approximately 700 co-ed residents in double rooms. Each wing has its own community bathroom facility. Floor heads such as "RAs" have their own personal room to conduct their business. Bohn Hall is also an all freshman dorm residence hall.
- Hawk Crossings
- These co-ed apartment units house 350 upperclassmen. Each apartment has two bedrooms, housing four residents. Each apartment has a kitchen and bathroom. Previously known as Clove Road Apartments, this complex was renamed Hawk Crossings in Fall 2010.[31]
- Freeman Hall
- Housing approximately 235 co-ed residents, the Freeman community is home to mainly students of music or athletic training. Residents live in a "suite" style double rooms, in which two rooms share a bathroom.
- Russ Hall
- Russ Hall is a coed upperclassmen community and houses the international community, housing 91 residents in a "suite" style community. Russ Hall was converted from an administrative building into a residential facility in the late 1990s.
- Stone Hall
- Stone Hall is the oldest residence facility and is currently offline.
- The Village at Little Falls
- Consists of four separate residential buildings: Williams Hall, Basie Hall, Fenwick Hall, and Alice Paul hall.
- A fifth building, the Abbott & Costello Center, contains a gym facility and police sub-station.
- 848-beds in an apartment style (a set of bedrooms that share a common kitchen, living room, and dining area)
- Webster Hall
- A residence hall used mainly for overflow and transfer housing. Student typically only stay here until another room becomes available.
- Sinatra Hall
- A new 6-floor suite-style residence hall located between Hawk Crossings Apartments and The Village at Little Falls opened in the Fall of 2010. The hall is set up suite style with a single, a double, and a triple all sharing a bathroom and a common area.[32]
- The Heights: Hillside and Rec Center Sites
- New construction on campus, two H-shaped buildings, to house 2,000 students, opened in August 2011 in the area of the Rec Center.[33] Taking advantage of recent legislation, it was privately built and operated, with students paying rent directly to the developer, but consistent with the cost at The Village. The new dorm is located next to CarParc Diem. The Heights are divided into two H-shaped buildings. The Lower (Dinallo) Heights, and the Upper (Machuga) Heights. Both H-shaped buildings consist of four connected halls. The Lower Heights consists of Basilone, Whitman, Einstein, and Parker Halls; while the Upper Heights consists of Mills (Hall and Dining Hall), Gordon, Gibson and Barton Halls.
Alumni and people associated with MSU[edit]
|This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. (July 2014)
- Kim Barnes Arico, current head women's basketball coach at the University of MichiganWomen's Basketball Halls of Fame; current General Manager and President of the New York Liberty
- Yogi Berra, Hall of Fame baseball player, catcher for the New York Yankees
- Jason Biggs, actor; briefly attended as an English major
- Carol Blazejowski, basketball player and member of both the Naismith Memorial
- Edna Buchanan, reporter and famed mystery writer
- Marco Capozzoli, arena football player
- Kevin Carolan, actor and comedian
- Andrew R. Ciesla, New Jersey State Senator, 10th District
- Kevin Cooney, college baseball coach at Montclair State and Florida Atlantic
- Marion Crecco, member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1986 to 2002.[34]
- Barbara Buono, former New Jersey State Senator, and former New Jersey Democratic Gubernatorial nominee
- Lesley Choyce, author of novels, non-fiction, children's books, and poetry
- Wendy Coakley-Thompson (Class of 1989), writer, studied broadcasting
- Steve Covino, radio personality
- Warren Farrell, author
- Mike Fratello, NBA head coach, sports commentator
- Scott Garrett, New Jersey Congressman, 5th District
- Allen Ginsberg, poet; icon of the Beat Generation, briefly attended before transferring to Columbia University[35]
- Camille Grammer, reality television personality
- Fred Hill, Rutgers University basketball coach
- Sharpe James, former mayor of Newark
- Ajit J. Khubani, founder, president and CEO of Telebrands Corp. [36]
- Paul J. Lioy, Professor, UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
- Eugene Maleska (Class of 1937), New York Times crossword editor
- Tom Malloy (Class of 1997), film actor, writer, producer
- Brenda Miller Cooper, operatic soprano
- Jay Alders (Class of 1996), fine artist
- Brian Jude (Class of 1995), film director, writer, producer and actor
- Sam Mills, NFL linebacker, coach, member of College Football Hall of Fame
- Connie Myers, New Jersey Assemblywoman, 23rd District
- Christine Nagy, radio personality, studied broadcasting
- Reggie Noble a.k.a. Redman, rapper
- J. J. North, actress
- Chris Opperman, composer
- Michael Price (Class of 1981), television writer–producer
- Dania Ramirez, film and television actress
- Oscar Ravina, professor emeritus, classical violinist, concertmaster
- Lorene Scafaria, screenwriter and playwright
- Herman Sokol, a co-discoverer of tetracycline and president of Bristol-Myers Company graduated from Montclair State College[37]
- Ray Toro, lead guitarist of My Chemical Romance
- Joan Voss, New Jersey Assemblywoman, 38th District
- Dave White, Derringer Award-winning mystery author[38]
- Bruce Willis, actor; attended as a theatre major[17]
See also[edit]
- Notes
- ^ a b http://www.montclair.edu/facilities/Capital_Master_Plan.pdf
- ^ a b http://www.northjersey.com/news/montclair-state-enrollment-hits-20-000-plus-as-building-boom-continues-1.1113587. Missing or empty
- ^ a b Rybeck, Jeanine (October 5, 1989). "A mascot by any other name... MSC reacts to the red-tailed hawk" (66(4)). p. 6. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
- ^ a b "Montclair State University - Statistics". Montclair.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ "Montclair State University - New Jersey School of Conservation". Csam.montclair.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ Montclair State University - Undergraduate Degree Programs
- ^ a b c d "Montclair State University - About MSU". Montclair.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Montclair State University - History of MSU - Timeline - 1908". Montclair.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ a b c Centennial Timeline, Montclair State University's official website
- ^ "Montclair State University - History of MSU - Leadership". Montclair.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ a b c d e f "Montclair State University - History of MSU - Timeline". Montclair.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ a b c "Montclair State University - History of MSU - Timeline - 1943". Montclair.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ a b c d "New Jersey Transit". Njtransit.com. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ Heyboer, Kelly (July 29, 2014). "Montclair State to make SAT optional for admissions next year". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ^ Alex, Patricia (July 29, 2014). "Montclair State University will no longer require SAT scores". The Record. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ^ "Montclair State Adopts SAT/ACT Optional Undergraduate Admission Policy" (Press release). Montclair State University. July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ^ a b "Education Colleges: Montclair State University". US News & World Report. 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ "Montclair State University - Forbes: Montclair State is Top Public University in New Jersey". Montclair.edu. 2010-04-30. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ http://www.princetonreview.com/fire-safety-rating-press-release.aspx
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t ["http://www.montclair.edu/montclair-state-university-police-department/jeanne-clery-act-crime-statistics/" "Montclair State University: Jean Cleary Act / Crime Statistics"]. Montclair State University Police Department. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
- ^ Cesario, Barbara (September 9, 1976). "Feud ends in death" (53, 1). The Montclarion. pp. 1;11. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
- ^ a b "Montclair State University - Center of Pedagogy - Teacher Education Program". Cehs.montclair.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ "Office of Public Information: News Release". Montclair.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ a b c d e "Montclair State University - University Catalog". Montclair.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ "John J. Cali School of Music: Academic Programs" on the Monclair State University website
- ^ Harry Partch Institute
- ^ Shanghai Quartet
- ^ "About the School". School of Communication and Media.
- ^ In 2008, Anita Kubicka was named College Softball Coach of the Year by the New Jersey Sportswriters Association. "Kubicka Honored at New Jersey Sportswriters Association Banquet". Montclair State University (at "Athletics Campus Life"). January 26, 2009. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Make Way For Hawk Crossings". The Montclarion (MSU newspaper). 2009-11-19. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
- ^ "Sinatra gets own dorm at Montclair State University". NewJerseyNewsroom.com. 2009-10-20. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
- ^ "2,000 More Beds for MSU". The Montclarion (MSU newspaper). 2010-02-04. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
- ^ Assemblywoman Marion Crecco, New Jersey Legislature, backed up by the Internet Archive as of February 25, 1998. Accessed June 2, 2010.
- ^ Hampton, Wilborn (April 6, 1997). "Allen Ginsberg, Master Poet Of Beat Generation, Dies at 70". New York Times. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ http://corporate.telebrands.com/our_story.html
- ^ Howe, Marvine (June 23, 1985). "Herman Sokol, drug pioneer who led Bristol-Myers, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
- ^ "The Write Stuff: Alumni Authors". Montclair State University. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- Sources
- Moore, Joseph Thomas. Montclair State University: A Century of Triumph Over Circumstance. (Montclair, New Jersey: Montclair State University, 2008). (ISBN 978-0-615-20116-0)
External links[edit]
|Wikisource has original text related to this article:
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- Montclair State University
- Montclair, New Jersey
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Best Quality Armless Sofa Slipcovers
The Straight Skirt with Ties cover is a one-piece furniture cover with patented seat elastic, four sets of ties, and inner pleats to minimize tucking.
- "These are a light beige color." – Dino Velvett
- "The color is rich & the fabric is made very well." – Lisa
- "These are fabulous chair covers, and has turned my Dining room into a room of luxury." – Cheryl Thompson
The look and feel of suede, with memory stretch fabric and all-around elastic provide a clean, sleek look that goes on easily and stays in place. A soft, form-fitting fabric that is perfect for shaped furniture.
- "First of all they look pretty good." – LetMeTh1nk
- "This is an awesome alternative to buying new couches when your couches are still in good shape, but you need to change up the look!!" – jtj18
- "I'm so glad I saved money and purchased this slipcover!" – Not of the world
The Tyson Sectional Pieces are an attractive alternative to your traditional seating arrangements. This collection features both a left and right arm chaise, a left and right arm loveseat and an armless chair, offering a variety of seating options for you to choose from.
Strong, over-locking seams that won't gap. Velcro strips that let you adjust fit from loose to tailored. Custom fitted to prevent shifting & bunching.
Strong, over-locking seams that won't gap. Velcro strips that let you adjust fit from loose to tailored. Custom fitted to prevent shifting & bunching.
Suggestions of the Best armless sofa slipcovers
Do you have any armless sofa slipcovers suggestions that you think armless sofa slipcovers would love or any feedback on the suggestions in this page? Please feel free to add a comment below.


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Delta Launches Los Angeles To San Francisco Shuttle
ATLANTA, Aug. 1, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Delta Air Lines (NYSE: DAL) will begin hourly, nonstop Delta Shuttle service between Los Angeles International and San Francisco International airports on Sept. 3, 2013. The Delta Shuttle introduces 14 daily flights and a product tailored to business travelers while adding a California perspective to its popular New York-based shuttle.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20090202/DELTALOGO )
Flights depart at the top of the hour beginning at 7 a.m. Monday through Friday and will be operated by Delta Connection partner, Compass Airlines using E-175 aircraft which accommodate 76 passengers in 12 First Class, 12 Economy Comfort and 52 Economy seats. Flight schedules for the Los Angeles to San Francisco shuttle are available on Delta's newsroom.
"Our new Delta Shuttle on the West Coast is designed to make doing business between Los Angeles and San Francisco easier. And with a product that's tailored to California, we're also making business travel more enjoyable and productive," said Tim Mapes, senior vice president – Marketing. "With our growth in Los Angeles, our ongoing investments to transform Terminal 5 and the introduction of more convenient schedules, we're listening carefully to customers and doing everything possible to give them the experience they want from Delta."Customers flying the Delta Shuttle between Los Angeles and San Francisco will enjoy:
- Check-in as close as 30 minutes prior to departure
- Dedicated check-in counters exclusively for Shuttle customers
- Gates located near security
- Complimentary newspapers for all customers including The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Financial Times and more
- Assigned seating
- Two classes of service with complimentary upgrades for SkyMiles Medallion members when available.
- Complimentary onboard snacks provided by LYFE Kitchen, a California-based lifestyle food brand, offering great-tasting, good-for-you food
- Complimentary beverages in-flight including Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. craft beer, Starbucks coffee and wine from Wente Vineyards in all classes of service
- Cocktails available for purchase in Economy
- Access to in-flight Wi-Fi on all Shuttle flights
Select the service that is right for you!COMPARE ALL SERVICES
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Boom Marketing
1 person found this helpful
"Under-promote, Over Deliver "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at Boom Marketing full-time (more than an year)
I wake up earlier than everyone else in the morning because of the team environment, proven excellence, massive growth potential and minimal boring desk tasks.
You have to work hard for your rewards with this company. They are there but only for those who are willing to bring their best selves everyday for the client. This is the secret to our projected growth in 2013.
Keep your foot on the gas.
9 Other Employee Reviews for Boom Marketing (View Most Recent)Sort: Rating Date
3 people found this helpful
"Slave away for pennies and empty promises. "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Boom Marketing full-time (less than an year)Pros
Meet a lot of younger people.
Self reliant and control your own work pace.
New job venue week to week.
Learning new sales techniques that work.
Fellow employees are all awesome.Cons
- $8 /hr
- sketchy paychecks (if you do a google search about "the smart circle," this seems to be a theme).
- the schedule is all over the place, you don't know when you'll work until that day.
The list is endless so i'll save you some time and just search "the smart circle" and the plentiful complaints about the company are generally true. I did this when i first started and questioned the company from day 1. I also thought "man, these people just complained because they didn't want to work hard." However as time when on... a lot of the things the company told us wasn't necessarily true.
Dancer = stripper
Direct marketing = Sales (they tell you they are looking for managers but in the end, numbers are what dictates how fast or successful you will be).
There are more in depth analysis of Smart Circle's companies out there and are easy to find but if you type in google "the smart circle, the first suggestion follows with "pyramid scheme," then the first 3 website available are www.glassdoor.ca, ripoff report and complaints board... and not even their own website... some red flags should come about.
My biggest gripe about this company is people not being straight forward about things. This is something i've learned... it is sales and even though they tell you otherwise... if you can sell? You will do fantastic. However... you have to remember that whoever is above you... they're there because they are good at sales... being good at sales means being good at influencing others to believe and trust what you are saying. The people at the top are very good at manipulating words to get you to believe what they want you to see.
This type of company does not need to exist very long to make money... if they can go 8 months, that is an accomplishment. Then the company tanks, they rename it to some other name and do it all over again filling young naive college graduate's with empty promises and rinse and repeat.Advice to ManagementAdvice
Just be more direct with the job.Doesn't RecommendNeutral Outlook
4 people found this helpful
I worked at Boom Marketing full-time (less than an year)Pros
Great people to work with.
Learned indirect marketingCons
$8/Hour vs Commission
7:30am meetings were cool but didn't tell you if you are schedule to work until the day of.
Inconsistent. Manager can take you off the schedule for a week whenever they want even two weeks off.
If you do not want to own your own business within the company, you are wasting space.
Employees quit or get fired every week. New people all the time.
Manager is leaving the business soon and has not warn most people in the company about what will happen.
80% of the people that work here do not make it.
Random products you promote and sell.
They say that they aren't salespeople but they are.Advice to ManagementAdvice
Be more inspiring as a manager.Doesn't Recommend


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This was sent in to me from Mike Porcelli of Snag Films. Take the time to watch this if you have some, it's really interesting and a great watch.
Mike says:
"The Game Comes Home
The legendary stories of
Featuring rare photographs from Mark Stang and Phil Wood's book "Nationals on Parade" and film clips & photos from the National Archives and The Library of Congress, "The Game Comes Home" is a must see documentary for all baseball fans"


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The Premier League website employs cookies to improve your user experience. We have updated our cookie policy to reflect changes in the law on cookies and tracking technologies used on websites. If you continue on this website, you will be providing your consent to our use of cookies. Find out more.
Type in your search then hit enter
Wednesday 29 February 2012
Stuart Pearce has labelled Chelsea's Ashley Cole as England's best-ever left-back - but says Leighton Baines of Everton is providing stiff competition in that position.
As a player, interim England manager Pearce built his reputiation in the same role with his no-nonsense style.
"Ashley Cole is the best left-back that has ever played for England - that is a fact"
- Stuart Pearce
And the former Nottingham Forest defender - who stepped in as national coach following the departure of Fabio Capello - says Cole has been one of the shining lights of the national team during the past decade.
"He is an outstanding talent," Pearce said.
"I have a great deal of respect for him because the fact I played left-back means I understand the position.
"He is the best left-back that has ever played for England. That is a fact."
A calf injury meant Cole was left on the bench for Chelsea's Champions League match in Napoli, which they lost 3-1, but the defender was back for the 3-0 Barclays Premier League win over Bolton on Saturday.
Pearce said he Cole had been an exceptional performer during the years and downplayed the idea that he may fall out of favour at Stamford Bridge.
"Baines has developed and he is putting some pressure on Cole"
- Stuart Pearce
"It is very difficult to maintain form over decades. You have ups and downs," he said.
"He has consistently been a fantastic member of this squad and hopefully that continues for a long time to come because the one thing I know about Ash is he will come out fighting and will be back in the Chelsea side very quickly."
Although Cole, who has 93 caps to his name, is a senior member of the England squad, Pearce said Baines was also excelling in the left-back role for Everton.
"Leighton has done extremely well," he said. "Over the past two years he has developed and from there he is putting some pressure on Ash.
"But that is what you want in all positions in the squad, especially at this level. This is the peak of English football. You need pressure from all round.
"When young players put pressure on the older players, the older ones have to rise to the challenge. That is the nature of a football squad."
© Premier League 2014


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With the town of Rosewood trying to get back to normal, the PLLs - especially Ali - are far from okay after the latest accident. Alison is especially spooked and thinking that it wasn't the right decision to come home after all, she starts to consider leaving for good. But Aria, Emily, Hanna and Spencer are determined to keep her safe in Rosewood and to figure out who and what is behind this latest incident. Meanwhile, Caleb also starts second-guessing his return, and Ezra dives into his research to help find answers.
Download the TV Guide app for iPhone, iPad and Android!


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Click here to print the obituary below
James Crozier
Crozier, James Wendell Age 88 of Bristol, IL passed away at his home on Friday, August 30, 2013. He was born on June 12, 1925 in Gilman, IL the son of Cristy and Catherine (Rasmussen) Crozier. Jim was united in marriage on August 10, 1963 to Elaine Meyer and they spent the next 50 happy years together. Mr. Crozier served his country proudly with the United States Army during the
Korean War
. He was a member of the Wheatland Salem United Methodist Church in Naperville, IL. Mr. Crozier was employed for 20 years at Alcatel-Lucent in Naperville, IL until his retirement. Jim enjoyed several hobbies, including gardening, taking walks, riding his bike, camping and anything to do with farming. He was a loving husband, father, grandfather, great-grandfather, brother and uncle who will be deeply missed by his family and friends. Jim is survived by his wife, Elaine Crozier of Bristol, IL; his daughters, Lucinda Crozier and Alice Valentine both of Watseka, IL; his grandchildren, Michael (Marcy) Valentine; Terri Jo Valentine and Stewart Valentine; his great-grandchildren, Mackenzie, Mylee and Ian Valentine; as well as many nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by his parents; his daughter, Joan Graf; his son-in-law, Lee Valentine; four sisters and one brother. A Funeral Service will be held at 10:00 AM on Wednesday, September 4, 2013 at the Larson-Nelson Funeral Home, 410 East Countryside Parkway in Yorkville, IL. Interment will follow in the Lincoln Memorial Park Cemetery in Aurora, IL. Friends may visit from 4:00 until 7:00 PM on Tuesday, September 3, 2013 at the Funeral Home in Yorkville, IL. Arrangements by Nelson Funeral Homes & Crematory,
or (630) 553-7611.
Funeral Home
Larson-Nelson Funeral Home
410 E. Countryside Parkway
Yorkville, IL 60560
Published in Beacon News on Sept. 1, 2013


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I am hitting you with TWO fab giveaways today Woot! We are continuing in the holiday cheer with Simply Be! You know the UK retailer who had recently launched their US site? As shared in the past, I am a huge fan of Simply Be! Anywho, back to today's giveaway! Sooooo if you caught the title, it … [Read more...]
#TCFturns3 Giveaway: Step out in Rachel Pally White Label!
It's a party yall! We are celebrating over here on the Curvy Fashionista and YOU get to reap the benefits with all the amazing party favors! Today, we celebrate with one of my favorites- Rachel Pally! Rachel Pally has been one of the first designers I have known who started doing her contemporary … [Read more...]
#TCFturns3 Giveaway- Put Your Best Curve Forward with Monif C!
Yep! We are still celebrating The Curvy Fashionista turning Three! To kick off the top of this week, we have a fabulous giveaway from none other than Monif C. Plus Sizes! Just in time for the holidays and/or New Years Eve, Monif C. is giving you the chance to score one of her dresses from the 2011 … [Read more...]
Style Q and A: New Year's Eve Plus Size Shape Wear Options
Hello Marie, This is Cierra from Twitter and I am emailing you with an undergarment styling question for what I hope to be my NYE Dress. I'm going to attach a link to the dress below and let me know what you think. I'm a DD cup and with this dress I'm not sure if I should wear a half bra, full … [Read more...]
TCFturns3 Giveaway Eloquiis 5 Ways to Wear It Sweater Giveaway- Day 3!
I am Celebrating three years of The Curvy Fashionista and as shared on Monday, it is Giveaway Time! I hope you are ready, welcome back to DAY THREE of my eloquii 5 Ways to Wear It Sweater Giveaway! A special Congrats to Tuesday's winner: Jenice Bastien Milburn Work it out sis! I am happy you … [Read more...]
#TCFturns3 Giveaway: Score a Holiday Dress with D.Auxilly!
I told you we were going to celebrate! So, today, we are kicking off Monday with not one, but TWO giveaways! I have been having a fabulous love fest with designer Dominique Auxilly- especially as she designs edgy, sexy and playful dresses for US, the Curvy Fashionistas! So, when she agreed to do a … [Read more...]
Tis the season of Giving: The Great Big Specific Beauty Holiday Giveaway
With the holidays approaching, it is the perfect time for giving AND giveaways! Having caught wind of really cool giveaway, I had to share with you and let you know about one with Specific Beauty! I have used their face cloths (to remove makeup- they work fabulously!) What is so special about this … [Read more...]
Jibri Holiday 2011 Collection
I love when designers dare to introduce us to something new and when they push their own levels of fashion! The ever so fabulous Jasmine from Jibri has done just that with her Holiday 2011 Collection. Keeping true to her ladylike sophistication with a major edge, Jibri has quite a few pieces that … [Read more...]
The Queen Grace Holiday 2011 Collection
Who is ready to take fashion up a notch or two for the Holiday season? For the holiday, Marina Zelner, the force behind the Queen Grace Collection, has dared to bring the discerning plus size woman holiday pieces that will not only turn heads but break necks! A sequins maxi animal print skirt? I … [Read more...]
Rachel Pally White Label Holiday 2011
In the spirit of Billy Paul, Me and Mrs. Pally, have a thing going on… Me and my boho luxe attitude, laid back, sophisticated, easy, classic, whimsical- literally I could go on, but I have a special thing for Rachel Pally and she knows it… But I fell in love with Rachel Pally when she started way … [Read more...]


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Skin problems health centre
Rosacea - Complications of rosacea
Rosacea can cause complications that affect you physically and psychologically.
Eye problems
Rosacea that affects your eyes (ocular rosacea) can lead to a number of eye conditions.
Blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids) is the most commonly reported eye condition resulting from rosacea. It can usually be successfully treated by adopting a daily eye-cleaning regime and by using antibiotic tablets and creams.
Up to one in 20 people with rosacea may experience symptoms that affect their cornea (the clear outer layer at the front of the eyeball). This can:
- make your eyes bloodshot and watery
- cause scarring of your cornea
In severe cases, if not treated, ocular rosacea can lead to vision loss. Your GP may refer you for treatment with an ophthalmologist (a doctor who specialises in eye conditions and their treatment or surgery).
Psychological and social effects
Any chronic (long-term) condition can have an adverse psychological effect, but rosacea can be particularly troublesome because it affects your appearance. This can change how you feel about yourself and how you interact with others.
Many people with rosacea have reported feelings of:
- low self-esteem
- embarrassment
- frustration
It is important to come to terms with the fact that you have a chronic condition which, although incurable, is controllable. Persevering with your treatment plan and avoiding your individual triggers are the best ways of controlling your rosacea symptoms.
As your physical symptoms improve, you will start to feel better psychologically and emotionally.
If you have rosacea, take comfort knowing you are not alone. There are millions of people, in the UK and across the world, living with the condition. You can find support and information from organisations such as:
- the National Rosacea Society, an American charity whose website has useful information and advice for people with rosacea
- Changing Faces, a charity for people with facial disfigurements, who can be contacted on 0845 4500 275 for counselling and advice
Speak to your GP if you are feeling depressed as a result of your condition. They may recommend further treatment.


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There are many reasons that the guest pager systems will be a good thing that you will want to invest in when it comes to a business, especially a restaurant, where you can not immediately help your customers. Guest pager systems are affordable for restaurants. This should be a good incentive as to why they should never say that they will not be able to afford it for their restaurants. The guest pager systems are things that can be very inexpensive for a business.
The guest pagers are a source of current technology. People really enjoy going to a restaurant that has a guest pager. The worst thing guests can be faced with is a restaurant that does not have an organized guest pager system put into place. The reason for this is mainly because it shows that the restaurant does not have a good source of communication that is put into place. It is important to take some time to actually think about this scenario. Put yourself in the shoes of a guest. When you arrive at the restaurant that you had made plans with your family and or friends to eat it, you expect to get seated at the restaurant so that you can eat.
If for some unforeseen reason you get to the restaurant and there were a lot of people who had the same idea as you to go out to eat at that particular restaurant. This will then cause you to possibly not being able to have a table right away when they enter the restaurant. At this point you will realize that the person who is greeting the guests at the door will need to hand you something that is known as the guest pager. The reason that the restaurants have chosen to go with a guest pager systems is because it is a way for the restaurant to keep the guests in an organized manner. It is a simple way to make sure that the people who have arrived first at the restaurant are seated before the people who have arrived an hour or so after those first guests.
The guest pager systems is a way to keep the guests in a first come first serve basis. The guest pager systems are a good thing to have put into place in order to keep your guests satisfied when they come to your restaurant. If there is a lack of organization skills in the hostess of your restaurant there can be a lot of problems that will arise. When customers come to your restaurant before a group of other customers they will expect to be attended to first. The guest pager system will take care of any of these problems that may arise at a restaurant. They are the best way for a restaurant to stay organized and well put together in order to assure that they are meeting the needs of their guests. A restaurant will always have benefits from a guest pager system.


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JFK Website (0)
Digital Archives (8)
Sortable End Date: 19630829
Moving image(1)
Sound recording(1)
Textual folder(6)
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. President's Office Files.(4)
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. National Security Files(3)
President's Personal Pictures(1)
International relations(4)
Foreign aid(2)
Cold War(1)
United States government departments and agencies(1)
Kennedy family(1)
Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963(1)
Kennedy, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick), 1888-1969(1)
Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994(1)
Lawford, Patricia Kennedy, 1924-2006(1)
Kennedy, Caroline B. (Caroline Bouvier), 1957-(1)
Soviet Union(1)
Hyannis Port (Mass.)(1)
Democratic National Committee (U.S.)(1)
United States. National Capital Planning Committee(1)
Bundy, McGeorge, 1919-1996(1)
Dillon, C. Douglas (Clarence Douglas), 1909-2003(1)
McNamara, Robert S. (Robert Strange), 1916-2009(1)
Rusk, Dean (David Dean), 1909-1994(1)
This folder contains material collected by the office of President John F. Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, concerning the National Capital Planning Commission. Materials consist of a memorandum regarding the appointment of Mrs. James H. Rowe (Elizabeth Holmes Ulman) to the National Capital Planning Commission; and a summary of a meeting betwee...
This folder contains materials collected by the office of President John F. Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, concerning Venezuela. Materials in this folder include a newspaper article, a background paper on Venezuelan Ambassadors to the United States, and memoranda regarding the Alliance for Progress, the spread of communism into Venezuela, an...
This folder contains telegrams and memoranda from David Klein, National Security Council Assistant for Europe and Canada, to McGeorge Bundy, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. Topics include France and Great Britain's entrance into the European Common Market, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the closure of the Soviet Com...
This folder contains memoranda of presidential determinations granting military aid, sales, and loans to Burma, Colombia, Laos, Somali Republic, and Yugoslavia. Also included are memoranda concerning assistance to the American University of Beirut, a continuance of aid to various European countries trading with Soviet bloc countries, and a modifica...
This folder contains memoranda concerning the second anniversary of the Alliance for Progress, a comprehensive foreign aid initiative intended to encourage economic, social, and political prosperity and stability in Latin America. Also included in this folder is a report issued by the United States Information Agency's Research and Reference Servic...
This folder contains materials collected by the office of President John F. Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, concerning the weekly activities of the Democratic National Committee (DNC), including promoting the Democratic political platform, coordinating fundraising efforts, and planning campaign strategies. Materials in this folder include a d...
Sound recording of a meeting held on August 29, 1963, between President John F. Kennedy, former United States Ambassador to Vietnam Frederick Nolting, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon, Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) General Marshall Carter, D...
Silent motion picture containing informal footage of President John F. Kennedy and his family and guests over Labor Day weekend, 1963, at Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, and Squaw Island, Massachusetts. Included is footage of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, John F. Kennedy, Jr., Caroline Kennedy, Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., Under Secretary of the Navy Paul...
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JOHN F. KENNEDY PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUMColumbia Point, Boston MA 02125 (617) 514-1600


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Chantel Valentene, Resin
Simply put, we're obsessed with the just-edgy-enough prints and washes (derived from synthetic resins—hence the name) that Chantel Valentene, one half of the team behind the denim label Resin, uses to make their jeans. "American styling and city-worn aesthetics" is how Valentene sums up their look. www.resindenim.com
Photo Credit: Rebecca Greenfield


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Although a trademark owner may license the use of a trademark, "[n]aked licensing occurs when a licensor does not exercise adequate quality control over its licensee's use of a licensed trademark such that the trademark may no longer represent the quality of the product or service the consumer has come to expect. By not enforcing the terms of the trademark's use, the licensor may forfeit his rights to enforce the exclusive nature of the trademark."1 Naked Licensing is inherently deceptive to the consumer.2 A defendant who asserts that a trademark owner has allowed naked licensing of its trademark, and therefore unintentionally abandoned all rights of enforcement of the trademark, must prove that the trademark owner (1) did not retain express contractual control over the licensee's quality control measures; (2) did not have actual control over the licensee's quality control measures; and (3) if the trademark owner contends it relied on the licensee's own quality control measures, such reliance was unreasonable.3 A defendant may assert that the trademark owner has allowed naked licensing of the mark whether or not the defendant was the licensee.4 Since a finding of abandonment of a mark is a harsh remedy, the defendant asserting that position is subject to a "stringent standard of proof."5 However, federal circuits differ on whether that standard requires clear and convincing evidence or a preponderance of the evidence. The Federal Circuit adopted the preponderance of the evidence standard.6 The Ninth Circuit is yet to make a determination, as the cases it has addressed have either produced the same conclusion under either standard,7 been the subject of debate in separate concurrences,8 or been a reserved issue.9 However, most district courts to address the issue of trademark abandonment have applied the clear and convincing evidence standard.10
Express Contractual Control
Actual Quality Control
Reasonable Reliance on the Quality Control Standards of the Licensee
(1) a close working relationship for eight years; (2) a licensor who manufactured ninety percent of the components sold by a licensee and with whom it had a ten year association and knew of the licensee's expertise; (3) siblings who were former business partners and enjoyed a seventeen-year business relationship; and (4) a licensor with a close working relationship with the licensee's employees, and the pertinent agreement provided that the license would terminate if certain employees ceased to be affiliated with the licensee.22
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Sunday, December 28, 2014
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An investigation into the State Fair reveals flaws in its operation. The Inspector General's Office conducted a multifaceted investigation following allegations of misconduct. Those allegations have to do with security and unfair bidding practices with vendors. Iris St. Meran has more.
ONONDAGA COUNTY, N.Y. -- This is the second report that casts the fair in unfavorable light in just over two years. Acting State Inspector General Catherine Leahy Scott says the findings undermine the proud tradition of the fair.
When it comes to the bidding process, the report said department officials, including former First Deputy Commissioner Robert Haggerty and former Fair Director Daniel O'Hara, conducted an improper Request for Proposal process, giving the only bidder more favorable terms than originally offered.
On a separate contract, officials allowed an electronic ticketing vendor to bid on an RFP and that same vendor assisted Haggerty in preparing the proposal ,which would likely violate the New York State Finance Law.
The Inspector General also assessed the grounds and found security lapses. Two employees were found to be living on the grounds and had storage spaces. One employee lived in the racing stable office, had exotic pet birds on site and enough personal items to fill six horse stalls and a pickup truck. Another employee had a kitchenette with a fridge that had alcoholic beverages, a couch and other items.
According to the investigation, at least one supervisor was aware of this.
The inspector general has made a number of recommendations which include:
The first deputy commissioner was terminated and Director Dan O'Hara was recently replaced. Other staff have been disciplined or don't work for the department of Agriculture and Markets anymore.
We reached out to O'Hara and the current assistant state fair director for comment. They have not returned our calls.
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