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WTFIWWY? Live - Aim for the Head
Saturday, 08 December 2012 19:04
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12.08.2012 - 21:47 | Drake4551
11.10.2013 - 22:32 | Baby Hitler
12.08.2012 - 22:11 | sophronia_chaosTara's a LARPer?? She just got so much cooler in my eyes. I never had the mental/emotional stamina for my college's 5-hour LARPs, but my girlfriend still goes there and is one of the LARP GMs.
I still can't get over the hatchet bong. I accept that you can make a bong out of almost anything, but a hatchet? WHY?? Unless you were already high when you were deciding what to use to make your bong...?
12.09.2012 - 01:26 | BloodrealmYou didn't know that? They've both mentioned (and told stories about) their LARPing in previous episodes.
12.09.2012 - 13:09 | ladydiskette
12.08.2012 - 22:12 | ShadOBabe - Okay...I just had to comment on this one...
The dude that booted the ambulance... just... What. The. Ever-loving. Heck?
I cannot fathom how ANYONE could have been dumb enough to do that. I mean really. I've watched all the episodes of WTFIWWY and heard some really dumb stuff, but... HOW?
Maybe he was high at work. Or drunk. Or otherwise impaired. Because seriously, I don't see how someone could make that mistake without being under the influence of something.
12.08.2012 - 22:16 | Plotspider - Um...Actually...I have read somewhere, or heard somewhere, that people could actually design a strain of weaponized rabies (this may have been on Talking Dead admittedly or it may have been on a news broadcast somewhere) that could become a zombie plague. Not that a head shot would be any different, but still...that thought is actually quite frightening to me.
12.08.2012 - 22:58 | medicalvampire
12.10.2012 - 10:26 | rayhs1984
12.08.2012 - 22:24 | TBTabbyI don't know what's worse: people stockpiling guns because they think the zombies are coming, or people stockpiling guns because they think Obama's UN Muslim Commie Nazi shocktroopers are coming. They're both equally delusional.
12.08.2012 - 22:50 | medicalvampire
12.08.2012 - 22:50 | jeshnyx1. Eh with the possible end of the world around the corner and that we have no fucking idea what could be the end of humanity, that would seem to be a pretty popular choice.
2. Oh yeah definitely a poor case of spoortsmanship--oh it's now about drugs... holy shit.
3. This is why you never mess with a woman jacked up on hormones.
4. Well it's best to use what you came for before getting your ass handed to the cops. I mean seriously the other robbers who steal thousands of dollars should quickly ebay and by that awesome computer before the police come. at least they got what they wanted before going to jail.
5. All right I stole a phone! Time to use the take a picture of an idiot feature on the victim's facebook app because I am swag just like that!
6. ... Ladies and Gentlemen! We have a winner for the biggest dumbass mistake any living human being with a soul, conscious, and brain could have ever done award!!
12.08.2012 - 23:26 | ColeYote... Gun sales are up because gun nuts are afraid of an incoming zombie apocalypse.
I'd say something about the anti-gun control movement, but I don't want to start a flame war. I'll just say I live in a country where guns are fairly restricted and none of us feel like we're losing any rights, so there's probably some cultural thing getting lost in translation. The translation being English to English that uses the letter 'u' more frequently.
12.10.2012 - 16:23 | OldAndNew
12.09.2012 - 00:34 | LikaLaruku
12.09.2012 - 01:22 | BloodrealmZombie story:
This is why I'm sick of zombie stuff, people obsess over it WAY too much. The only thing I can think of that might make people obsess far past the point of annoyance even harder would probably be zombie ponies.
Trivial Pursuit story:
Ambulance story:
Look out! Call 911! It's an EMERGENCY DOUCHEQUAAAAKE~~!
12.09.2012 - 01:43 | B-NavigatorActually as far as the Drug Hatchet goes, one common variant in the design of some native american tomahawks is to make it double as a pipe.
12.09.2012 - 02:29 | TragicGuineaPig
12.09.2012 - 04:56 | 3DMaster
12.09.2012 - 05:11 | leviadragon99Yeah, it's gotten to the point where some people seem to legitimately believe the zombie apocalypse will some day happen, to me that complete lack of connection to reality is more frightening than the prospect of said zombie outbreak.
Of course the real question is WHY would you make a bong out of a hatchet... multitasking?
12.09.2012 - 05:45 | Cassave
12.09.2012 - 06:45 | themilo - so much stupid this week.1. Wow you people are preparing for zombies? When the daleks invade I'm going to be laughing in your faces.
2. Such a trivial thing to be angry about.
3. The existence of sex toys disturbs me it along with rule 34 is one of the reasons humanity Should get wiped out.
4. Don't worry tara I never watched the blues brothers too I also have never even heard of that movie.
5. Facebook catching stupid criminals since 2004.
6. King Kong isn't big enough this is a Godzilla size douchbag.
12.09.2012 - 07:00 | oliversmillie
12.09.2012 - 08:17 | Bradman1978The thing I'm scared about is there will be a zombie walk for charity somewhere and the kids will be shot.
12.09.2012 - 10:31 | Malcath
12.09.2012 - 10:42 | AnnointedBitterTomahawk pipe. Also I don't see much deference between thinking the dead will rise (zombies) and thinking the dead will rise (Jesus). Feel free to throw things at me. You guys rule.
12.09.2012 - 12:24 | Moon Spirit1. Funny thing is, about first story, GameFAQs just uploaded a poll about an impending zombie outbreak happening. More than half says it won't happen, while a good chunk say it will not happen, but you never know. I voted for the latter. I'm guessing the 20% increase must be from all the way to the countryside, and they think the 2012 apocalypse will result in that.
2. When I read the article, I laughed my ass off. And as for bongs, never tried one, never will, unless Texas somehow makes marijuana legal, which will probably be in next decade or so. But hey, if you can make a bong out of a coffee cup, than a hatchet bong is possible.
3. Never thought I'd see the day a lesbian becomes this out of control. So yeah, it's a piece of plastic! Buy a new one!
4. I was gonna run from the cops, but then I got high. I was running into restroom there, when I was high. Now I'm serving probation, and I know why? Why man? Yea hey! Because I got high! Because I got high! Because I got high!
5. Facebook is a place where everyone will know someone, and post almost everything about themselves there. Leave a note at the house! Not a Facebook photo on the account! It's a like a giant poster board: everyone will see it!
6. Douchequake reads a 10/10 of the douche scale! Seriously, someone's life hangs in the balance! Your store policies are not above the law! Next time you face a life threatening situation, see how you like it when you face the same scenario!
12.09.2012 - 13:00 | ladydiskette
12.09.2012 - 13:12 | OnionMan
12.09.2012 - 15:55 | S_Pac_3:16I'm so over Zombies as well! It's almost like the only safe way for media companies, whether video Games, Movies, books, TV and what have you, to make a prophet these days!
Anyway, that last story, I'm glad the dude was fired! I mean come on, did they teach him in the American citizenship school place or whatever about Medical emergency vehicles or something?
There was no excuse for his actions, I don't care where he's from! :/
Good show as usual, guys! And don't worry Tara, I haven't seen the Blues Brothers either. ;)
12.10.2012 - 10:12 | rayhs1984
12.10.2012 - 16:12 | OldAndNew
12.10.2012 - 17:58 | DoomPL
12.10.2012 - 23:17 | Satans_Bong - are you fking kidding meum yeah the television,computers,cell phones,rocketships all things that at one time only existed in the world of science fiction so uh yeah zombies are a possibility people btw its a pipe not a bong! bongs contain water all it takes is a fucking drill and a pipe screen oh and Tara its called a steak knife works great for those little screws i know im nit picking but coleyote you speak for the whole country if its canada then no I feel my rights are being taken away p.s. people dressing up and walking around pretending to be zombies realy fucking realy?
12.12.2012 - 21:34 | AprilPhantomhive - So they actually believe in ZombiesOk so my cousin and her fiance are serious about this zombie crap. They have guns and ammo, food, and anything else you can imagine stocked up. I find it absolutely retarded. Sure zombies are fun to joke about at times but to seriously believe in them is a little much. My family is crazy. Too much pot can do that to you I guess. At least they stopped believing in 2012.
12.14.2012 - 17:06 | Isolder74


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Happy Chichester Releases 3rd Solo Album On March 12
COLUMBUS, Ohio, Feb. 19, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Singer/songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Happy Chichester will release his third solo album, Torchwood Loop, on March 12. It was recorded at his rehearsal space in Old North Columbus and released on his label, PopFly Music.
Named after the Columbus street on which Happy grew up, Torchwood Loop weaves elements of electronic, pop, folk, Latin, rock, R&B, and classical music, as well as video games, field recordings, and Muzak. Its 12 eclectic tracks conjure a mind-body experience through patchworks of modern sounds, incorporating live drumming as well as programmed beats and live looping. His songwriting process for this album began with drum practices, and he beatboxed or drummed on the tracks using instruments from thrift stores, yard sales, and trash bins.
"In this world of media addictions and toxic political news, music is therapy," said Happy. "Playing drums helps me meditate and feel clean again."
"Motorbike," the album's first radio single, was inspired by a recurring dream the composer had when trying to find footing in the music business. Violinists Christian Howes and Christopher Marion lent orchestral strings on "Symphony Of Pain" and "Thrill Of War." "Sexy Girl" was recorded live at the Hot Times Festival in Columbus.Happy contracted Bell's Palsy last year, which delayed Torchwood Loop's release from September of 2012 to March of this year. He deals with neuropathy in his facial muscles and wears an eyepatch to protect his cornea, but feels well enough to tour again. "The thing about getting sick was that it slowed everything down," Happy said. "It gave me time to work on releasing this album. I've been in hiding with a paralyzed face for the past six months and am excited to get out and rock again."
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This spicy coffee sugar scrub is sure to nourish, invigorate and renew the skin while leaving it silky smooth. When used in the shower it smells like an uplifting winter spice.
The best thing about this recipe though, is you probably have all the ingredients in your kitchen! This sugar scrub is perfect to make ahead and keep in the shower for when you need it. It is also makes a wonderful gift for friends and family.
Why these Ingredients?
Sugar is exfoliating, which removes the dead skin cells on the top layer of the dermis and encourages growth of new cells.
Coffee grounds are also exfoliating. The caffeine in coffee encourages blood flow to the skin and is said to reduce cellulite and spider veins. It is anti-inflammatory, reduces redness, wrinkles and firms skin.
Olive oil is added to replenish some of the oils your body produces naturally. It protects the skin and leaves it moisturized and healthy looking.
Raw Honey is moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and has many helpful enzymes and nutrients in it that nourish and rejuvenate the skin.
Cinnamon is invigorating, encourages blood flow and is anti-microbial, which would help with any skin infections (like acne or athletes foot).
Ginger is another invigorating blood mover. It helps open up the pores so the body can remove toxins through the skin, which is its primary function.
Allspice is anti-inflammatory, reduces redness and swelling, encourages blood flow and is high in anti-oxidants, helping skin to look younger.
Nutmeg is also anti-inflammatory and is traditionally used in combination with honey for skin issues like eczema and psoriasis. It is also known to help reduce the appearance of scarring on the skin.
Spicy Coffee Sugar Scrub Recipe
- 1 cup sugar
- 1 cup coffee grounds (use fresh coffee grounds if you are giving this to a friend or expect it to last more than a week. You can use brewed coffee grounds if you are going to use it immediately)
- 3 tablespoons olive, almond or jojoba oil
- 2 tablespoons raw honey
- 1 tablespoon cinnamon powder
- 1 tablespoon ginger powder
- 1 teaspoon allspice
- 1 teaspoon nutmeg
- Combine all ingredients in a bowl until incorporated.
- Place in a sterilized jar and seal until ready to use.
- In the shower, use the scrub to exfoliate the skin. It is especially delightful on the feet, knees, elbows and hands where the skin gets thick or rough, but is great anywhere on the body except for sensitive skin like the face and neck.
- Be careful when exiting the shower or bath tub. The oils in this scrub can make the floor slippery.
About Chrystal Johnson
Chrystal, publisher of Happy Mothering, is a mother of two sweet girls who believes in living a simple, natural lifestyle. A former marketing manager, Chrystal spends her time researching green and eco-friendly alternatives to improve her family's life. She enjoys sharing those discoveries with anyone who's willing to listen.


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What does 2M2 stand for?
What does 2M2 mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: 2M2.
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Lawrenceburg/Lawrence County Airport, Lawrenceburg, Tennessee USA
Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web!
"2M2." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 22 Dec. 2014. <http://www.abbreviations.com/2M2>.


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Integrity: Trust and Fair Dealing
At R. M. Davis, Inc., our ability to deliver independent and honest advice earns our clients' trust and confidence.
Trusted Wealth Advisors
In 1978, R. M. Davis, Inc.an independent, employee-owned registered investment advisorwas founded in Portland, Maine on principles of honesty and objectivity. Today, we provide comprehensive investment and wealth management counsel to over 1,300 clients.


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The proliferation of plate armor across Medieval Europe was shadowed by the development of crushing weapons like this war hammer. Since swords were virtually useless against plate armor, mounted knights used short hammers, axes and maces to defeat an opponent's improved protection. This German War Hammer, beautiful, impressive weapon is replicated from an example in the German National Museum in Nuremberg. Steel head is secured to the hardwood shaft with steel langlets. Brass tacks provide a more secure grip.
* Steel head
* Hardwood shaft with steel langlets
* Tacks provide secure grip
Overall - 21 1/2"
Head-1" X 5"
Weight - 2 lbs
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Abaseh Mirvali
Galeri Mana collaborates with international contemporary arts project producer and curator Abaseh Mirvali for the gallery's artistic programming and special projects. Under the curatorship of Abaseh Mirvali, Galeri Mana is presenting a series of exhibitions featuring challenging works by established and emerging contemporary artists, designers, thinkers, architects and writers and developing a program that resonates with the social, historical and architectural aspects of the building, the neighborhood and the broader contexts that surround the gallery's practice.
Abaseh Mirvali is an Independent Project Producer & Curator based in Istanbul, Mexico City, and Berlin. Author, Concept & Program Development for the Biennial of the Americas, 2013 where she served as CEO, Executive Director and Comisaria since 2011, she is also Chief Curator of Draft Urbanism, an innovative and groundbreaking exhibition of urban architectural interventions which will be a key artistic presentation of the Biennial of the Americas. In January 2013, along with Gaspar Libedinsky, she co-taught the course Curating Architecture at Harvard University. Between 2005 and 2008, at the invitation of Eugenio López Alonso, Ms. Mirvali was Executive Director of the Fundación/Colección Jumex, where she successfully consolidated, institutionalized, and developed one of the largest and most important collections of contemporary art for a private institution in Latin America. Prior to joining Fundación/Colección Jumex, Ms. Mirvali worked as Special Advisor to the US Ambassador for Culture and Education at the US Embassy in Mexico City, where she consolidated one of the first curatorial projects developed by a consular mission in foreign territories. She served as a senior policy analyst and advisor for several American governmental organizations, including the US Trade and Development Agency (TDA) at the Caspian Finance Center, where she also served as Director of Business Development for Turkey and Eurasia. Since 2009 she has coordinated lectures at Art Basel in both Basel and Miami. In 2011, 2012 and 2013 she curated the newly launched U-TURN Project Rooms by MERCEDES-BENZ, bringing an elite selection of international contemporary art and galleries to arteBA in Buenos Aires, Argentina. During 2010 and 2011 she was a juror for the Magic of Persia Contemporary Art Prize. She is a member of the Contemporary Art Trust (Patronato de Arte Contemporáneo, A.C.), whose goal is to support contemporary art in Mexico, and of the Selection Committee of the Bellagio Creative Art Fellowship for Visual Artists of the Rockefeller Foundation. She was a founding member of the capital campaign board for Fulbright fellowships at the Mexico-United States Fulbright Commission.
Ms. Mirvali, American of Iranian heritage, earned a BA in Politics from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and is working towards an MPA in Public Policy from Georgetown University.


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Comics Legend Brian Michael Bendis on Guardians of the Galaxy, Sexism, and Making a Nonwhite Spider-Man
"You know what Captain America would never do? Go online anonymously and shit on a girl for having an opinion."
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Skip to content, or skip to search.
"You know what Captain America would never do? Go online anonymously and shit on a girl for having an opinion."
With the franchise's best-ever opening.
Sorry, Neighbors.
How did Seth Rogen beat Spider-Man?
It defeated The Amazing Spider-Man 2 for the top spot.
And yet the Amazing Spider-Man series keeps pushing their backstory on us.
"I've sent reply-all emails to the newsroom before saying, 'Please don't be alarmed if you hear me talking about the end of the world.'"
Spidey spoilers ahead.
Including you know what.
A tale of backstabbing and physics.
She's basically a national treasure.
The Amazing Spider-Man 2, Think Like a Man Too, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, and more.
No fanboy will pass this one up.
22 photos of two movie stars being super cute together.
And you can watch them now, if you have a smartphone!
Also, his thoughts on the Sinister Six spinoff.
This year's version of Eff, Marry, Kill.
It has to do with (500) Days of Summer.
He showed up at a kids' charity in full costume.


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Post pics of your tattoos. Let us know if they have any meaning, who did them, etc. Its cool to see the artwork!
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The Leading Professional Resource for Advancement Services Professionals.Welcome to the Association of Advancement Services Professional's new website. This online community was created to allow you to share your ideas and expertise and, most importantly, connect with fellow advancement services professionals. We encourage you to visit the site often to learn of upcoming educational programs; newly-published best practices and networking opportunities.
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Live Nakedly's Food Done Right series is attempting to go interactive. So, once you read this post, if you know a farm or restaurant that is provides whole, fresh, and earth-honoring foods, please post below with a link to their website. And say a thing or two about them. Maryland's Eastern Shore is a microcosm … Continue reading
Tagged with genetically modified …
What Doesn't Kill You, Can Still Make You Live Less Longer
The release of a county-by-county study announces that the United States now falls behind other wealthy nations in life expectancy, with the biggest losses coming in the poorest neighborhoods. If we have been paying attention, we are not bowled over by this information. If we are one of the study's authors, however, the revelations are … Continue reading
Chickens and Weeds and Berries, Oh My!
Let's take some snapshots of food stories I have been tracking on this site and where they stand today. FDA Admits Arsenic Exists in Chicken Meat In March, I wrote about the revelation (to me) that conventional farms spray chicken feed with organic arsenic in order to provide growth spurts to their poults. The trouble … Continue reading
This Just In: Butter Is Not Dairy, But Grandma Might Be
The United States Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.), an agency designed to promote the use of commodity crops, that pays farmers not to use their land, and is non-discriminatory about genetically engineered foods, has ditched the food pyramid for a plate diagram. It provides commentary about the shoulds and shouldn'ts for eating healthy, though it remembers … Continue reading


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Tags: these, lovers, pay, attention, cam, corner, but, maybe, they, don't, notice
Categories: Amateur, Teens, Voyeurism
Submited: 5 years old
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These lovers pay no attention to the cam in the corner, but maybe they don't notice it.


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Drawsters! An Abrakadoodle Art Class at Riverside Elementary School
Wednesday, Feb 6, 2013 3:15p to 4:15p
Riverside Elementary School Crestview, FL
Learn how to draw and sketch what you see and even what you don't see! Drawster students will create their own personal sketchbooks just like professional artists. They'll learn a variety of techniques and secrets that make drawing both easy and entertaining. They'll have fun with cats, viewfinders, kid drawing and a variety of drawing materials and exercises. At the end, they will have their own personal sketchbook to take home and use again. for students K - 5th grades
Created by erinbakker
Location & Nearby Info
Riverside Elementary School
E Redstone Ave
Crestview, FL 32539
(850) 689-7203
E Redstone Ave
Crestview, FL 32539
(850) 689-7203
Show nearby:
0.5 mi 1 Golden Asian Buffet
0.7 mi 2 Emerald Isle Seafood
1.2 mi 3 Coach 'N' Four Steakhouse
1.4 mi 4 Big Bill's Burgers
1.8 mi 5 Song's Cafe
1.9 mi 6 The Wild Olive Restaurant
2.0 mi 7 Penny's Place
2.3 mi 8 The Baron's Tea House
2.5 mi 10 Coach 'N' Four Steakhouse
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Economic and employment problems faced by Roma/Gypsies in Europe
The Roma/Gypsies currently find themselves in an extremely difficult economic situation in most Council of Europe member States, particularly in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe where they have been among those hardest hit by the transition to a market economy. Many Roma/Gypsy communities in Western Europe, however, are no better off than those in the new member States.
This situation has numerous underlying causes, and in many cases complex historic origins, and the issue of employment and economic problems can only be tackled from a multidisciplinary angle and with due regard to the weight of history.
The following factors in particular need to be considered:
- the impact of the discrimination and rejection suffered by the Roma/Gypsies over ---- the centuries and the resulting problem of social exclusion;
- the general discrimination against Roma/Gypsies seeking employment;
- the feeling of non-identification of Roma/Gypsies with the institutions of mainstream society and their lack of familiarity with the rules governing the labour market in particular;
- the disappearance of Roma/Gypsies' traditional occupations following the industrialisation and urbanisation of European societies;
- major deficiencies in terms of education and vocational training (see The Roma Children Education Policy Paper prepared by the Specialist); lack of qualifications in an increasingly competitive labour market;
- in Central and Eastern Europe, the transition to a market economy; difficulties in gaining access to newly privatised land and loss of most unskilled jobs as a result of the transition process.
The main consequences of these various factors are as follows:
- the unemployment rate among Roma/Gypsy communities is extremely high, often much higher than that of mainstream society; some communities have reached record unemployment levels of 80-90%1; women and young people are particularly affected by unemployment;
- of course, the Roma/Gypsy community in Europe is highly varied and this also applies to their economic situation: some Roma/Gypsies have enjoyed economic success, particularly as a result of the transition to a market economy, and there is also a small, well integrated middle class. However, it should be remembered that a large proportion of Roma/Gypsies live below the poverty line and their situation is only getting worse;
some groups seriously affected by unemployment are heavily dependent on the welfare state. In addition to the fact that this dependency in some cases is becoming an obstacle to the development of self-sustainable development projects, it reinforces the prejudices of the majority population, which often perceives the Roma as being a burden for the State and as living at the expenses of the society;
- on the other hand, many of those who have been unemployed for several years find themselves completely excluded from the welfare safety net; it is also clear that Roma/Gypsies often do not know how to access the social services or are unaware of their social rights.
- unemployment leads to greater social exclusion and marginalisation; extreme poverty exacerbates housing, education and health problems;
- problems usually linked to extreme poverty and marginalisation are made worse, eg breakdown of the traditional family structure, loss of moral values, recourse to petty crime for reasons of survival; moreover, intercommunity tensions risk being heightened, while economic issues (land-sharing in Central and Eastern Europe, for example) have often led to conflict between ethnic groups;
- the worsening economic situation of the Roma/Gypsies is a threat to member States' social cohesion; moreover, the impossibility of finding proper employment strengthened migratory movements from Eastern Europe to Central Europe, Western Europe and North America.
Although they tended to be marginalised by mainstream society, Roma/Gypsies were traditionally involved in a number of specific occupations (such as training animals, collecting scrap metal, handicrafts, street entertainment, seasonal agricultural work, itinerant trade, etc) which enabled them to fulfil a particular social function and earn a living, whether they had an itinerant lifestyle or not.
The main characteristics of Romani culture, which are also found in relation to their approach to work, are as follows: strong family ties and sharing of work among family members, a preference for self-employment rather than salaried employment (which involves dependence on a "gadjo" employer), and flexibility and adaptability. This relative economic independence, however, was set against the background of links with the wider economy. It was also a vital weapon in the fight against the assimilating tendencies of mainstream society and the struggle to maintain the Romani identity, customs and tradition.
The large-scale industrialisation which followed the Second World War in Central and Eastern Europe, together with rapid urbanisation all over Europe, meant that traditional Romani occupations disappeared very quickly. The Roma/Gypsies were excluded from many types of job because they lacked the new skills required by urban industrial society.
In Central and Eastern Europe, the Communist regimes recruited large numbers of Roma/Gypsies to work on collective farms, in factories and in heavy industry in particular. Many of those who continued to work on a self-employed basis found themselves on the wrong side of the law. Some continued to work illegally after the transition to the market economy, or were at least perceived as doing so by mainstream society.
After 1990, when the state sector and collective agriculture had collapsed, most Roma in Central and Eastern Europe once again found themselves unemployed and unqualified, since what remained of their previous salaried jobs during the communist period had been taken by members of other poor social strata, whole families suddenly had no income whatsoever apart from state benefits. The situation was complicated by the privatisation of land in several central and east European countries insofar as many Roma were excluded for a variety of reasons (such as a lack of available land, discrimination, complex procedures for becoming a private land-owner, the fact that they were not land-owners before the comunist period and that they were usually not culturally oriented to agriculture). The problem of land distribution is likely to become increasingly acute because of the high growth rate of the Romani population.
Generally speaking, since there was a high concentration of Roma in some industrial regions, the collapse of heavy industry inherited from the Communist era has created genuine disaster areas where large groups of Roma are without work and where the overall economic situation is difficult for the whole population. This frequently leads to a deterioration of relations between different ethnic communities.
In Western Europe, the disappearance of traditional occupations, difficulties faced by people with an itinerant lifestyle (availability of sites, school education), obstacles to itinerant trade and the gradual settlement process, as well as the transition to a service economy requiring increasingly advanced qualifications and education, have also resulted in a very high unemployment rate among the Roma/Gypsy population. Here too, many families have no income except for family and unemployment benefits and are therefore heavily dependent on the welfare state.
However, it would be wrong to suggest that the situation is irreversible. The traditional qualities of the Roma/Gypsies – adaptability, independence, flexibility and mobility – are a definite asset, particularly in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe, and in general in modern economies. The fact that some Roma never broke off relations but continued trading across national boundaries throughout the Communist period gives them a distinct advantage in a new society where mobility and a dynamic approach to trade are highly valued. An ability to adapt very quickly to new openings such as the sorting and recycling of waste, sale of second-hand goods, provision of services, door-to-door selling and small-scale cross-border trade has enabled many Roma/Gypsies to earn a reasonable living. Small groups of Roma in Central and Eastern Europe, who had refused to be employed as workers and had pursued self-employed activities, are now succesful on the market economy, especially in trade and business and they succeeded in preserving their culture by preserving their employment.
Other positive elements are the fact that certain types of traditional crafts have come back into fashion in Western Europe and the fact that, basically, Roma/Gypsies have always been service providers.
It should also be borne in mind that despite the fact that the general context is one of a very low education level among Romani communities, a new generation of young, well-trained and skilled Roma is emerging in a number of European countries, and they could soon become competitive on the labour market.
Lastly, despite the problems that have arisen, land privatisation in Central and Eastern Europe is giving Roma/Gypsies in Europe their first ever opportunity to become land owners. This should have a major impact on the position of the Roma in traditionally agrarian societies. For many families who had reached the level of absolute poverty, farming and animal husbandry are currently proving to be a key to survival and are providing an opportunity to acquire new skills.
Clearly, there are no easy answers to the economic and employment problems of the Roma/Gypsies (which have many different causes). Close co-operation with all parties concerned is particularly important: state administrative bodies, local authorities, industry, financial institutions, Roma/Gypsy NGOs and non-Roma/Gypsy NGOs, trade unions. The member States need to adopt innovative, proactive overall strategies based on training, information, the fight against discrimination, integration into the labour market, the development of income-generating projects, access to land and, of course, participation of the population groups concerned at all stages of project preparation and implementation.
It is also vital that these projects be carried out jointly by the public (authorities) and the private sector if real solutions are to be found.
1. Training
If the very high unemployment rate among Roma/Gypsy populations is to be cut, training clearly has an essential role to play. Greater access to education is needed, particularly secondary and higher education, so that a young generation of well-trained Roma/Gypsies can emerge and be competitive on the labour market. At the same time, vocational training and apprenticeship schemes must be made more accessible to young Roma/Gypsies. In some Central and Eastern European countries, the solution adopted is that of quotas or reserved places for minority groups, especially Roma/Gypsies, in higher education or vocational training establishments. Grants are also made available so that young Roma/Gypsies (in Spain, for example) can gain access to vocational training and/or higher education.
In order to ensure that vocational training produces tangible results in terms of employment, past errors have to be avoided: young people must be trained in professions for which there is a local need.
Nevertheless, the needs of older unemployed Roma/Gypsies also need to be addressed. To this end, several strategies have been drawn up in different countries, with the aim of:
- providing literacy and numeracy training wherever required;
- providing basic vocational training or new, specially adapted training with the promise of real job opportunities;
- reviving traditional Roma/Gypsy occupations and skills, provided job opportunities exist;
- setting up a system of training workshops and business "incubators" offering unemployed people training in a particular field (learning a trade, training in business management, in market research etc), together with a small allowance.
2. Information
Roma/Gypsies must also be given information about their rights and duties in the employment field, about the different forms of help available from administrative bodies and about the functioning of institutions such as social security. Such information, which should be provided by public administrative bodies in co-operation with NGOs, should enhance the social integration of Roma/Gypsies. Specialised information offices have been set up in various countries either by local authorities or by employment agencies in order to familiarise Roma/Gypsies with employment regulations, make them aware of their fundamental rights in this field and offer them new alternatives/ideas for their future career, especially if they are engaged in occupations which are dying out. This should also help in the fight against institutional discrimination and racism.
3. The fight against discrimination
Legislation sanctioning racial discrimination in the employment field is a vital part of any equal opportunities policy. The clear commitment of State authorities to the fight against racial discrimination provides the impetus needed to combat this problem within local authorities, in industry and, of course, among the general public. In this respect, information campaigns may help bring about a change of attitude on the part of company managers and public officials.
Machinery should be put in place to ensure that the implementation of these anti-discrimination measures is properly monitored. The judiciary should be given specific training in order to raise its awareness of this issue.
The European Union Social Dialogue Summit (Florence, October 1995), which brought together the social partners of the European Union, adopted a Joint Declaration on the prevention of racial discrimination and xenophobia and the promotion of equal treatment at the workplace.
The Declaration is a kind of code of good practice for large companies which not only serves as a reference text for the adaptation of national legislation and drafting of national codes of conduct, but can also be used as a basis for publicity and information campaigns. In addition, it should help raise awareness among company managers.
The underlying principle of the Declaration is that the integration of ethnic minorities into the labour market is fundamental to the social cohesion of European societies and should be part of overall strategies in the fight against discrimination.
The Declaration lists a number of discriminatory practices and proposes guidelines to combat them.
The main points mentioned are:
- discrimination carried out by companies (selection tests, interviews, vacancy advertisements);
- preference for recruiting "nationals" or applicants from the majority and general racism in the recruitment process and in the workplace;
- the need to combat the complex socio-economic causes of racism and xenophobia.
Among the solutions put forward to promote equal opportunities are the following:
- introduction of anti-discrimination legislation;
- joint positive action by employers and trade unions, regulations and codes of good practice;
- taking into account of cultural differences during recruitment and selection tests;
- company intercultural training policies;
- complaints procedures;
- development of in-house training opportunities for minorities;
- monitoring of progress made;
- clear commitment of national authorities to equal opportunities, so that influence can be exerted on local authorities;
- involvement of minorities in decision-making;
- introduction of the concept of equal opportunities in the training of public officials;
appropriate punishment of acts of discrimination.
The role of trade unions is also stressed insofar as, if their awareness is raised sufficiently, they can launch information campaigns and promote the integration of ethnic minority representatives in their own ranks2.
Finally, it should be recalled that the International Labour Office has carried out extensive work in this field and that the labour conventions and standards set by the ILO should be referred to when designing policies to tackle discrimination on the labour market.
4. Integration into the labour market
The integration, or in some cases, re-integration of Roma/Gypsies into the labour market is a particularly difficult task in view of the difficulty of creating jobs in the current economic climate. It is an important aspect, however, even if it seems clear that lasting solutions to the Roma/Gypsies' economic problems must involve the creation of small private enterprises (see section 5, below). Roma/Gypsies must also be encouraged to participate in public life and to change the majority's perception of them. It is important to try and dispel the notion that Roma/Gypsies make their living from a "parallel", illegal economy. Furthermore, practices in the private sector will only be influenced if the public authorities take positive action themselves.
Moreover, the efforts of public administrative bodies called upon to deal with Roma/Gypsy issues will only be well received by this minority group if their programmes and projects are prepared and implemented in close co-operation with the Roma/Gypsies themselves.
It would be useful, therefore, to encourage the recruitment of persons from Roma/Gypsy communities by local and national public authorities, particularly the police (police officers and Interior Ministry staff), the social services, the education system (by creating posts for Romani assistants in schools) and the health services (primary health care for mothers and children).
A number of steps might be taken to facilitate this process:
- informing the Roma/Gypsy population;
- providing preparatory classes for public administration recruitment competitions;
- possibly introducing quotas/reserved places;
- organising recruitment competitions geared to Roma/Gypsies.
With regard to the difficult issue of positive action to promote equal opportunities, it has often been seen that, in situations where it has been decided not to focus particular attention on Roma/Gypsies, they have been excluded from jobs or training programmes despite having the same qualifications as applicants from the majority. This has been due to discrimination (individual and institutional) and the Roma/Gypsies' lack of knowledge about administrative procedures and their own rights and duties, together with their distrust of institutions. Hence it is often necessary to overcome these initial handicaps by taking positive action, even though local development projects must involve the whole local population concerned if they are to be truly successful.
As well as providing access to civil service positions, the state can explore other ways of creating jobs. In some countries, major public works projects are widely used to provide jobs for Roma. It has to be borne in mind, however, that over reliance on this possibility can actually harm the image of the Roma/Gypsy minority: these generally unskilled jobs carry very little prestige and people commonly associate construction sites with Roma/Gypsies.
Attention is being focused increasingly on the issue of "new jobs" in the public sector. Since Roma/Gypsies tend to be skilled "service providers", job creation in the following sectors should be given particular consideration:
- services related to everyday life: services in the home, social integration of the most underprivileged groups, work with children and young people, etc. One advantage of these jobs is the fact that they promote Roma/Gypsy participation in public life;
- services related to quality of life, housing, transport, security, improvement of public areas, etc. This would also affect quality of life in the disadvantaged areas where many Roma/Gypsies live;
- services related to the environment, which fit in well with traditional Roma/Gypsy occupations such as collecting and sorting solid waste3.
Finally, emphasis should be put on the need to make the national and local labour offices more aware of the situation of the Roma/Gypsies. Training courses officials working in labour offices and the organisation of a dialogue between the labour offices and the Romani/Gypsy communities concerned could be a useful contribution to the fight against discrimination and could facilitate shared understanding of the problems.
5. Creation of small income-generating enterprises
This is probably the only genuinely promising way of creating jobs and income on a large scale.
The Council of Europe, as part of its Project on Roma/Gypsies in Central and Eastern Europe, funded a preparatory study on the creation of a PAKIV European Roma Fund (PAKIV means "trust" in Romani), which focused on income-generating projects in Romania and Hungary (document MG-S-ROM (98) 10). This very detailed document describes projects run by two NGOs, the Autonomia Foundation in Hungary and Romani CRISS in Romania.
Income-generating projects should aim to:
a. meet basic needs (so-called "survival" projects);
b. develop small family or community enterprises;
c. promote local development in general.
Up to now, most projects have involved small-scale farming and livestock breeding (Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania), metal working, traditional crafts, retail trade and service provision (Romania, France, etc). Income-generating projects have also been implemented in France and Spain through the setting up of cooperatives, sometimes with public authority support.
The PAKIV document (MG-S-ROM (98) 10) mentions the following principles for income-generating projects:
- autonomy and responsibility for the groups concerned;
- horizontal co-operation (partnership) with other local players;
- a constant learning process, based on experience of other projects.
The thinking behind the PAKIV European Roma Fund is based essentially on the fact that small Romani projects are unable to obtain bank loans. It involves, on the one hand, creating a European fund to serve as an intermediary between local projects and major international financial institutions and to guarantee loans and, on the other, setting up national foundations to act as links.
Facilitating access to bank loans, and in particular to micro-credits, is a strategy which has been used in various parts of the world, often successfully, to alleviate poverty while encouraging the participation of the groups concerned, especially women within those groups.
While no institutions on the model of the PAKIV European Fund exist, governments should wherever possible guarantee loans made by international financial institutions in order to support the development of income-generating activities. Moreover, the access of Roma entreprises to state tenders could be supported by the authorities through the establishment of quotas for Roma entreprises in countries where there are large Romani communities.
In the long run, the setting up of national support funds, involving players as diverse as the government, the communities concerned, via representative NGOs, international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the Council of Europe's Social Development Fund, national banks and local authorities, can help income-generating projects develop rapidly by providing increased access to funding and improving the guarantees given to financial institutions. However, it is not an easy task for institutions such as the Social Development Fund and the World Bank to support very small scale projects in marginal groups of population. They would rather tend to invest in large-scale projects (in the fields of housing, health, education, employment, etc), concentrating on infrastructure building, which poses the problem of finding guarantors for the loans. However, the Social Development Fund of the Council of Europe and the World Bank are aware of the specific needs of the Roma/Gypsies and are currently exploring new ways of supporting suitable projects.
6. Land ownership
The question of land ownership arises mainly in Central and Eastern Europe and is one of the important issues at stake in the setting up of income-generating projects. Experience in recent years shows that, to make it easier for Roma to acquire land:
- the relevant procedures need to be simplified and information on them widely disseminated;
disadvantaged groups need to be helped, particularly through the setting up of special funds (see the Hungarian experience mentioned below) which can be used to redistribute state-owned land;
- particular attention should be paid to the ways in which the Roma may have been discriminated against during privatisation processes.
As underlined in the above text, the issue of the involvement of the Romani communities in the elaboration, design, implementation and monitoring of innovative solutions to their economic and employment problems is crucial. As in other areas such as education or housing, no suitable and lasting results will be achieved if the Romani community is left out of the reflexion processes and considered as an object rather than a subject of its own development. Experiences were carried out in the past to improve the situation of the Roma/Gypsies, in different regions of Europe and particularly in the seventies in Western Europe, neglecting the importance of the participation of the Romani communities. They very often resulted in failures, which strengthened the common feeling among the majority population that the Roma/Gypsies "do not want to be integrated".
On the contrary, proper use should be made of the competences and resources which exist within the Romani communities in order to maximise the efficiency of the actions undertaken and guarantee that they are well accepted by the groups concerned. The Social Development Fund of the Council of Europe and the World Bank very much insist on the issue of the participation of the communities concerned as a precondition for successful implementation of the projects.
Moreover, the experiences carried out by the Autonomia Foundation and Rromani CRISS (see paragraph 5 above), whose main objective was to empower the local Romani communities, proved to be quite valuable and gave positive results.
The very difficult economic situation experienced by the large majority of the Roma/Gypsies in Europe needs to be seriously dealt with by the member States if they want to avoid that it becomes a threat to their social cohesion.
It is also important that the social and economic rights (in the sense of the UN Declaration on Social and Economic Rights and the European Social Charter) of the Roma/Gypsies are fully acknowledged. As mentioned in the Introduction above, the economic situation of the Roma/Gypsies is a key element in improving their position in the society in general.
The member States should therefore undertake proactive comprehensive policies to tackle these problems (bearing in mind the elements developed above), in the framework of wider comprehensive policies in favour of the Roma/Gypsies, and allocate appropriate funding from the State budget to meet this end. They should also recourse to existing institutions such as the Social Development Fund and the World Bank, which can play a major role in the development of projects in favour of Roma/Gypsies.
Furthermore, it is urgent to devote careful attention and to bring support to the development of local income-generating projects and to initiatives such as the PAKIV European Roma Fund, which are propably the main tool to create employment and sources of stable income and at the same time to promote the empowerment of the Romani communities.
Finally, it should be borne in mind that, if a way-out to the current crisis situation is to be found, it has to go through partnership with the Romani communities and their involvement in the development of solutions.
1. Hungary: package of medium-term measures intended to improve the living standards of the Gypsies (1997-98)4
The Hungarian programme is based on the following main principles: Roma/Gypsy participation, information, coordination at all levels between the various players involved, training, dissemination of good practices and development of small-scale family farming and animal husbandry. The programme is divided into several sections. Some of the main points are summarised below:
Measures to promote employment
Support public works projects to replace or develop public facilities in districts or villages with a large Roma population; priority is to be given to local Romani minority self-governments which undertake to provide part of the necessary capital and collaborate with local Romani communities5.
The usefulness of public works programmes in improving the situation of the long-term unemployed is to be assessed (almost 40% of those employed on public works projects are Roma/Gypsies).
Local councils responsible for regional development and employment, in collaboration with the Romani minority self-governments, are to draw up local and regional development programmes in order to improve the employment situation of the socially disadvantaged, including Roma.
A methodological handbook should be compiled, describing the positive experiences of successful employment projects currently under way, for use by local authorities and local Gpysy self-governments.
Training programmes to improve employment job opportunities for Roma
Support training projects for the socially disadvantaged and the long-term unemployed, set up by regional training and development centres.
Ensure such training is accessible to those living in small, very isolated villages.
Vocational training (in schools): ensure that teaching is adapted to the needs of Roma pupils in order to reduce their academic failure rate, through appropriate teacher training and the production of specially adapted textbooks and other school materials.
Agriculture and access to land
The Ministry of Agriculture should launch special programmes in various regions to provide help for the most disadvantaged groups in the area of farming and animal husbandry. This should form part of the programme to promote access to land for the socially disadvantaged (breeding pigs and other small animals, growing fruit and vegetables either on individual plots or on land provided for the socially disadvantaged).
Pilot projects to provide land for the socially disadvantaged should be launched at regional level, as proposed by the national Romani minority self-government.
Consideration should be given to whether state-owned arable land might be transferred to the "social land fund" (set up in 1993).
Land provided through this fund should be administered by local Romani minority self-governments, special attention being paid to meeting claims by Romani farmers.
In co-operation with the Chamber of Agriculture, a system should be set up to promote more effective implementation of social land programmes, under the supervision of village notaries.
Experience gained during implementation of these projects should be assessed and made public.
A methodological handbook should be prepared, dealing with the organisation and management of farming and animal husbandry programmes.
Development of regional programmes
The need to implement complex crisis management programmes in villages/settlements where a particularly high proportion of families face numerous social inequalities.
The need also for continuous assessment of the effectiveness of these programmes at local and regional levels.
The need for regional information centres to set up a system to provide information about Gypsy development projects, while complying with data protection regulations.
The need to draw up guidelines to encourage disadvantaged Romani communities to participate more fully in local or regional development programmes, particularly those involving environmental rehabilitation.
A number of other future strategies are mentioned in the programme, including:
Implementing positive discrimination measures, particularly to help disadvantaged young Roma.
Stimulating co-operation between local employment centres and local Romani minority self-governments.
Providing vocational training for the socially disadvantaged during their military service and in penal establishments.
As part of the social land programme, giving Roma greater opportunities to become farmers, producers and entrepreneurs.
2. Spain: the issue of itinerant trade
The national development programme for Gypsies (launched in 1988), which includes an economic component, aims to alleviate poverty among Gypsies and combat the discrimination and social exclusion with which they are faced. Most Gypsies are involved in itinerant trade (60-70%), scrap metal collection, waste sorting and seasonal agricultural work.
The main aim of the national programme's economic strategy is to promote social integration by ensuring access to standard social welfare benefits and by encouraging participation in public life. It is proposed to achieve this mainly through collaboration (financial and technical) with the autonomous communities (regions), local authorities and NGOs.
On a practical level, workshop programmes have been set up, offering two years' vocational training to untrained young people in particular and giving them a small income on which to live.
We will focus mainly on problems linked to itinerant trade and the solutions that have been proposed. Gypsies who engage in this traditional activity are having to overcome an increasing number of obstacles (regulations, inspections, taxes and prohibitions). Royal Decree 1010/1985 on the Itinerant Trade Act sets a number of conditions for being allowed to engage in this activity, which many itinerant traders, are unable to fulfil. Furthermore, each municipality can impose a number of extra conditions and, in practice, many local authorities ban this kind of trade, which has forced many Gypsy families to work illegally or to become unemployed.
Gypsy associations, in consultation with the Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs and the Spanish Municipalities' Association, are currently discussing solutions to this problem, focusing on the following areas:
- improving the image of this occupation by disseminating information;
- encouraging greater Gypsy participation in local traders' associations;
- holding direct talks with municipal authorities;
- amending the 1985 Act in favour of itinerant traders, in particular with regard to taxes;
- increasing training opportunities (particularly to improve knowledge of administrative procedures, social security and the rights and duties of traders in general);
- creating special social permits enabling the most disadvantaged families to fulfil the statutory conditions on a temporary basis;
- changing the way market stalls are allocated.
The overall aim is to draw up an Outline Act on itinerant trade which would lay down guidelines for both the autonomous communities and local authorities.
3. Austria: establishing an advice bureau for unemployed Roma
Since 1995 the Austrian Ministry for Employment, Health and Social Affairs has been financing, through the Romani association "Verein Roma", an advice bureau for unemployed Roma in Oberwart in the Bürgerland region where most Austrian Roma live.
Here, unemployed Roma are provided with free advice to help combat social exclusion, promote a relationship of trust with the Romani community and encourage unemployed Roma to develop their own initiatives.
The bureau offers:
- help in solving employment problems, bearing in mind each individual's personal problems;
- information on labour market trends, job vacancies and basic and further training opportunities;
- help in preparing for job interviews;
- assistance in resolving problems in the workplace;
- help in finding nursery places for children;
- information on social welfare and family allowances.
The overall aim of the programme is to promote social integration through employment whilst respecting the cultural identity of the group concerned.
At the same time as the programme was being set up, the number of vocational training and apprenticeship opportunities was increased. As a result of these two combined actions, not only was the training course failure rate reduced, but the level of prejudice among the local majority population fell as a result of the improved integration of the Roma6.
1 These figures probably concern formal employment as many Roma earn a living through informal or income-generating activities.
2 "Initiatives by employers to promote employment and integration of immigrants", Council of Europe Publishing, "Community relations" series, Directorate of Social and Economic Affairs, 1998. See in particular chapter on "The implementation of the Joint Declaration on the prevention of racial discrimination and xenophobia and the promotion of equal treatment at the workplace – Social Dialogue Summit, Florence (Italy), October 1995", by Mary Coussey.
3 José Manuel Fresno, Jornadas de reflexion sobre el pueblo gitano, Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs, Madrid, 19-20 June 1997. Materiales de trabajo, p. 97.
4 Government Resolution No. 1903/1997 (VII.29)
5 The national Romani/Gypsy minority self-government receives State funding in order to give financial support to local Romani projects, in particular to guarantee their access to bank loans.
6 Roma '98, III. Internationale Roma-Beschäftigungskonferenz, 21-23 April 1998, Austrian Ministry of Employment, Health and Social Affairs.


text:
An Atheist Says He Knows There Is No God
This atheist actually believed he knew for a fact that there was no God. I found that position to be interesting and, quite honestly, not possible.
Also, he and I discussed faith a bit towards the end.
Atheist: As to religious arguments I haven't found one that can stand up to the logic of atheism.
Matt: Are you a strong atheist or a weak one?
Atheist: Never heard of a weak atheist.
Matt: I'll explain. A strong atheist states that there is no God. He knows there is no God. A weak atheist, basically, 'lacks belief' in a god of any sort.
Atheist: Then I am a strong atheist.
Matt: Then you know there is no God?
Atheist: As much as knowledge can tell us yes . . . Maybe it's you who have to catch up on your atheism . . . Agnostic fits the description pretty well of a weak atheist . . .
Matt: That is what I said . . . which are you?
Atheist: I am a strong. Characteristic human thought, coupled with hope is what religion boils down to, the unexplained tried to be explained . . .
Matt: So, you know there is no god?
Atheist: Yes.
Matt: How can you know that?
Atheist: It's a reasonable assumption. If you want a definitive answer. Does any Christian bother to look in the dictionary to what truth actually means? There is no 100% anything. Only close to it.
Matt: Then you cannot KNOW there is no God. Your strong atheism is illogical.
Atheist: Let's look at Christianity. It runs on faith. Faith is not logical. It gives credence to unicorns, goblins and thing s that go bump in the night.
Matt: Nope. The subject is your atheism. Please don't try to change the subject.
Atheist: The subject can jump where ever.
Matt: Your atheism is illogical. You cannot know there is no God. To do that, you'd have to know All things to know there is no God.
Atheist: I will defend, but also place in attack. Try to defend faith
Matt: One subject at a time . . . You'd have to have seen all evidences to know there is no God. You cannot claim this; therefore, your atheism is illogical.
Atheist: You can never see all evidences but that does not mean there is a god.
Matt: Correct.
Atheist: No, that means there is not enough information for a conclusion. So we make assumptions as best we can according to our knowledge . . .
Matt: But you must concede that your claim to strong atheism (that you know there is no God) is not logical.
Atheist: My knowledge of the human brain leads me to believe there is no god . . .
Matt: Then that means there MIGHT be a God because you don't know all the evidence. Therefore, you must logically be an agnostic.
Atheist: And so must you . . . But you picked a side.
Matt: Then it [your atheism] is not logical but only assumptions you base your atheism on. Your atheism is untenable . . . You must admit that agnosticism is more logically viable. If you admit that, we can discuss my faith.
Atheist: I'm not ignorant to say I don't use faith. But only the usage of faith in a situation that remains provable.
Matt: So, are you agnostic or atheist? which is it?
Atheist: Atheist.
Matt: You've lost the argument. Sorry . . .
Atheist: Wrong. What you're doing is a ploy. You bring me over . . . but you stay the same. Either you must move over as well or the argument is mute in the first place. One can not keep faith and call his beliefs logical. For a bit I will stray over to the agnostic side. But I am willing to state instances where I believe prove my contention that there is no god.
Matt: You have been cornered . . . It is not logical for you to claim strong atheism. You have not seen all the facts. Therefore, the possibility of God's existence is real. Therefore, you must admit that agnosticism is more logical in this situation. Alright, Let's talk faith.
Atheist: Alright faith. you first.
Matt: I believe God exists. I have faith that he exists.
Atheist: Proof.
Matt: I have none.
Atheist: No proof with faith. So, do you always believe in things that you can not prove?
Matt: No . . . not at all . . . I have evidences, but they cannot lead to 100% proof or else all could be forced to believe. But, if there is enough evidence, I do believe.
Atheist: So you must be agnostic in that sense as well.
Matt: No . . . because I make choices. Though it is possible for my faith to be proven wrong, I still rest on the evidences and draw logical conclusions.
Atheist: Evidence . . .
Matt: Yes . . .
Atheist: Then you disregard one of the most fundamental rules of the game . . .
Matt: Which is?
Atheist: "Where ever knowledge is incomplete, there is a place for "faith;" but where ever knowledge and "faith" conflict, it is "faith" which must be modified or abandoned."
Matt: Or the understanding must be reevaluated . . . 'Facts' have been found to be wrong before.
Atheist: Facts are not Truths. They are reasonable assumptions. I will get a dictionary definition for that one . . .
Matt: That's fine. So what about it? What kind of evidence would be sufficient for you to conclude there is a god?
Atheist: Fact - Reality or actuality as distinguished to from conjecture or fantasy; Something known by observation or experience to be true or real.
Matt: That's good . . . Now . . . what would constitute evidence for God's existence?
Atheist: An instance of superiority . . . Something humans could not do . . . OR not be able to explained through phenomena but event then . . .
Matt: That's good . . . now . . . what would constitute evidence for God's existence?
Atheist: A universal movement. A stoppage of the planet. Nothing earthly.
Matt: If that were to happen, would you conclude there was a god? Couldn't it be explained in other ways?
Atheist: I would of course doubt it at first. I would look for an explanation . . . And for something like that I would probably find no reasonable explanation . . .
Matt: If you had could not find one, what would you conclude? Would you conclude that there is a god? or that you simply don't have all the facts?
Atheist: You never have all of the facts . . . Reasonable assumptions, remember?
Matt: Then you could not safely conclude it was the hand of God, could you?
Atheist: Nope. that would be the only explanation that I could think of that would have the three means, opportunity. (forget motive) [I did not understand him here . . . ]
Matt: Then you couldn't know anything for sure, right?--that is, if you don't have all the facts--all of them.
Atheist: Haven't we already agreed you can never have all the facts?
Matt: What you are telling me is that you have no real way of proving or disproving God. So then, doesn't it come down to faith based upon evidence? I have evidence . . .
Atheist: I have to go. Friends just arrived. Can we finish this later?
Matt: If you want . . .
I'm not sure how it went with this atheist. But I hope some seeds were planted.
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These giant jawbreakers are the "World's Largest", maybe even the biggest in the whole candy galaxy! These monster-sized candies are encased in clam-shell style packaging to store away for continued licking at a later date. Now you can relax your tongue between massive licking sessions.... a welcome relief for even the strongest of tongues.Jawbreaker Diameter: 2 InchesA bubblegum surprise awaits for those who dare proceed all the way to the center of this candy planet.Unit Price = $3.30/jawbreaker.Display box contains 12 clam-shell packs of the World's Largest Bubblegum Jawbreakers.Shipping Weight ~ 5 lbs.
America's favorite online candy store! Looking for bulk candy, retro candy, or themed candies for weddings or holidays? It's all here, including major brands like Willy Wonka or Pop Rocks, and even specialty treats like gourmet lollipops and rock candy.
Also check out the Most Popular Candy Searches on our website! Pamper your palate with fresh candy shipped fast from friendly elves. Learn More About Us


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New Arrivals
mouse over photo to zoom click for larger image
Texture Hem Mara Cardigan
Latticework detail trims the cuffs and hem on our solid duster cardigan.
- Length: 30" to 34".
- 89% cotton, 11% nylon.
- Machine wash. Imported.
We're so sorry: this item sold out sooner than expected. For an equally chic substitute, please call our Personal Service Associates at 1.888.855.4986. Or click on Chico's Chat below for immediate assistance.


text:
June 25, 2007
Boxers and others who have had head injuries in their youth are at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. So are older people who have suffered from strokes. Now, researchers have discovered new clues as to how strokes or head trauma may increase Alzheimer's risk. The findings could, one day, lead to new treatments aimed at preventing the onset of the disease.
The research team, led by Giuseppina Tesco and Rudolph Tanzi of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, found that during head trauma, so-called "executioner" enzymes are formed in the brain and are toxic to healthy brain cells. These enzymes can be generated by a blunt head blow or a stroke, in which blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain becomes cut off.
These enzymes also lead to increased levels of another enzyme called BACE, or beta-secretase. Beta-secretase plays an important role in the formation of plaque, which builds up in the brains of those with Alzheimer's disease. The researchers pointed out that studies have shown that "individuals with Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular pathologies [damage to the blood vessels in the brain caused by strokes or other injuries] show greater cognitive impairment than those exhibiting either pathology alone. These studies indicate that there is an additive or synergistic interaction between Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular pathologies.
"Even tiny strokes, known as 'transient ischemic attacks' and which do not cause overt symptoms like paralysis or slurred speech, can damage the brain. Over time, damage to the brain may accumulate, speeding the onset of memory loss and other Alzheimer's symptoms."
Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that stroke and transient ischemic attacks significantly increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease in elderly individual. Thus, "stroke may represent a precipitating or a triggering event in Alzheimer's disease," the authors write.
The findings offer new clues to the causes of Alzheimer's disease. Better understanding of the basic pathways that lead to the disease may one day lead to new treatments that halt, or prevent, its onset.
For more on the causes of Alzheimer's and the search for a cure, visit www.ALZinfo.org.
The findings appeared in the June 7, 2007, issue of the journal Neuron, published by Cell Press.
By www.ALZinfo.org, The Alzheimer's Information Site. Reviewed by William J. Netzer, Ph.D., Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation at The Rockefeller University.
Tesco et al.: "Depletion of GGA3 Stabilizes BACE and Enhances b-Secretase Activity." Neuron 54, 721--737, June 7, 2007. DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.012.


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Washington StateTalk0
133,715pages on
this wiki
this wiki
Location Details
First appearance
History of location is unknown.
Points of Interest
- Astrodyne Systems
- Cape Shoalwater
- Cascade Range
- Centralia
- Olympia (capital)
- Raymond
- Seattle
- Spokane
- Tacoma
- Mount Rainier, 14,410 ft.
- No special notes.
- No trivia.
See Also
- Appearances of Washington State
- Media Washington State was Mentioned in
- Location Gallery: Washington State
- Images related to Washington State
- Fan Art Gallery: Washington State
- Marvel Staff members who were born in Washington State


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Oregon Shakespeare Festival Plays - 2014
Premiere plays are put on reserve at the Hannon Library as they become available.
Follow the blue title link to the Hannon Library Catalog below to check on the status of the items we have in the catalog.
The Tempest - William Shakespeare (2/14-11/2)
The Comedy of Errors - William Shakespeare (2/20-11//2)
The Cocoanuts - Berlin/Kauffman/Riskind (Adapted by Mark Bedard) (2/16-11/2
Link here to a web version of the original script for the Cocoanuts
The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window - Lorraine Hansberry (2/15-7/6)
Water by the Spoonful - Quiara Alegría Hudes (3/26-6/20; 9/3-11/2
A Wrinkle in Time - based on the book by Madeleine L´Engle (4/6-11/1) World Premiere
Richard the III - William Shakespeare (6/3-10/10)
Into the Woods - Sondheim/LaPine (6/4-10/11)
The Two Gentlement of Verona - William Shakespeare (6/5-10/12)
Family Album - Stew & Heidi Rodewald (7/1-8/31) World Premiere
The Great Society - Schenkkan (7/24-11/1) World Premiere
Google Map - Oregon Shakespeare Festival Campus
Shakespeare Studies Librarian
Contact Info
Library 136
Send Email
Profile & Guides
Shakespeare's Curtain Theatre Found
- Archeologists' DiscoveryBBC News - June 7, 2012
"The venue was immortalised as "this wooden O" in the prologue to Henry V."
See Henry V at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival this season!


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The Convention Centre Dublin (CCD) just opened its doors to reveal what they claim to be the first carbon neutral conference center in the world. The multi-use complex has a large performance hall, exhibition hall, multiple meeting rooms and a spectacular atrium overlooking the river. The CCD can accommodate up to 8000 people and uses an array of sophisticated integrated systems to vastly lower its energy consumption. They even encourage visitors to lower their carbon footprint as well.
While developing the project on a tight brownfield lot, the architects at KRJDA decided to stack the center's program vertically rather than following the standard horizontal footprint of many similar venues. The vertically oriented configuration also resulted in a more energy-efficient envelope. Durability was a key design strategy as well, as the building has a 100-year design life. A key decision was to use 6,000 tons of low-carbon concrete in construction, which significantly reduced the building's carbon footprint, but the real story is in the building's low energy use.
3 Comments
markycanes July 1, 2011 at 4:03 am
Technology has really made mark on our lives nowadays. You can also check 82mercer.com for more information about Conference Facility at NY.
argalite October 7, 2010 at 12:41 pm
Too close to the River to be sustainable. Rivers and their inhabitants need floodplains to survive.
nreber October 7, 2010 at 11:32 am
Designed for a 100-year lifespan? Now THAT\'S sustainable. Just read an article about buildings that are 50 years old no longer meeting a city\'s financial district\'s needs. Renovation, anyone?
follow inhabitat on:
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19-Year-Old Develops Ocean Cleanup Array That Could Remove 7,250,000 Tons Of Plastic From the World's Oceans
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BACK TO SCHOOL GIVEAWAY: Enter to Win a HP Pavilion dv6 Laptop and Green Prize Package (Worth $1155!)
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LAST CHANCE: Enter to Win a Voltaic Laptop-Charging Solar Backpack Filled With Green School Supplies (Worth $500)!
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LAST CHANCE: Enter Inhabitat's Back To School Contest to Win $250+ of Green Goodies Including a Voltaic Solar Backpack (Worth $129)
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Jill FehrenbacherDid you know that there are wolves living near you in almost every state in the country? Sadly most of these wolves are not living in the wild, but in wolf sanctuaries, which are conservation organizations set up to protect them and help grow their populationREAD MORE >
Yuka YonedaNamba Parks was conceived when Osaka Stadium closed down, presenting a great redevelopment opportunity for a new commercial district right next to the Namba Train Station, which is just one stop away from Kansai Airport. Since it's one of the first placesREAD MORE >
Beth BuczynskiTop image: A child is put to work at a militia-run mine in Watsa. © Marcus Bleasdale/National Geographic Captured during a 2004 visit to the war-torn Democratic Republic of Congo, Bleasdale's images "tell the story of the country's mineral resourceREAD MORE >
Jill FehrenbacherYou've all heard the tired mantras about changing your lightbulbs and recycling at home in order to save the planet - are you yawning yet? Many consumers think that going green is a gesture of self-sacrifice that often comes at great expense and inconvenienceREAD MORE >
Yuka YonedaBANANAS You might have heard that bananas are favored by athletes because they contain potassium and it's that same reason that makes them great hangover cures. When you're hungover, your body has lost a lot of potassium that needs to be replenished, so eatingREAD MORE >
Yuka YonedaImages © Graham King "The shopping cart tree symbolizes both generosity and abundance, as well as acknowledging those less fortunate where their whole world may be housed in a cart. We see shopping carts every day and take them for granted. IndividuallyREAD MORE >
Jill FehrenbacherTIP 1: Wrap Your Home in Insulation - "The More, The Better!" Proper insulation is probably the most important factor you can control in creating an energy-efficient home. I always say insulation is like chocolate, the more you have, the better! On average,READ MORE >
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Morgana MatusFor centuries, the Dutch have manipulated the landscape to move water away from their dwellings. Instead of battling the elements, Netherlands-based firm Waterstudio just announced plans to construct the world's first floating apartment complex in 2014! TheREAD MORE >
Tamsin Woolley-Barker, PhD.The Biomimicry Manual: What can We Learn About Resilience, Weight Loss, and Kidney Disease from the Grizzly Bear?I'm off to the wilds of Montana this week, doing some in-person, up-close biomimicry research, and I've got my fingers crossed I'll see a grizzly bear. But you know, over there, not over here. With five inch long claws, massive muscular shoulders and forearms,READ MORE >
Bridgette MeinholdINHABITAT: How does the term Colorfast describe your latest show? R Nelson Parrish: The term Colorfast originally is a textile industry term derived at the beginning of the last century. It defines how a color cannot fade, wash out, or be diluted over time,READ MORE >


text:
How Buddy Roemer and Gary Johnson Spent Last Night's Debate
Exactly as you'd expect.
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Exactly as you'd expect.
He saw a niche: Fewer than a dozen white men were running.
He's trying to steal people looking for Newt.
Good luck with that, Buddy Roemer.


text:
Missing just 2 days a month means a child misses 10% of the school year.
School supply lists are now the same for all Pendleton Elementary Schools. The lists in the stores are not always right so please go by the 2014-15 School Supply List (pdf) to avoid purchasing unnecessary items. The lists are also available from the each school and the district office.
1regular sized backpack
1box Crayola Crayons 24 count
24 Ticonderoga pencils
4 glue sticks
1bottle of hand sanitizer
Choose 1of the following:
1 large box of Kleenex
Brown lunch bags
1box of gallon-sized Ziploc bags
1regular sized backpack
24 Ticonderoga pencils
1box of Crayola crayons 24 count
6 glue sticks
1bottle of white glue
1box of Kleenex
1composition notebook (wide ruled)
2 pink pearl erasers
1regular sized backpack
1pencil box
48 pencils Ticonderoga brand
1box of Crayola crayons 24 count
6 glue sticks
1bottle of white glue
1box of Kleenex
1 composition notebook (wide ruled)
2 pink pearl erasers
Pencil Box
36 pencils Ticonderoga brand
2 boxes Crayola crayons 24 count
4 glue sticks
1Crayola brand colored pencils
1box of Kleenex
4 composition notebooks
2 pink pearl erasers
1package wide-ruled paper
3 dozen Ticonderoga pencils
Colored pencils
1box of Crayola crayons 24 count
1pencil box
6 glue sticks
2 boxes of Kleenex
3 composition books
2 packages college ruled paper
1pencil box or pencil pouch
36 Ticonderoga pencils
2 large glue sticks
1box of Kleenex
1bottle of hand sanitizer
Colored pencils
1covered pencil sharpener
2 composition books
2 packages college ruled paper
1spiral notebook 70-count
1 pink pearl eraser
The Pendleton School District is excited to announce the launch of its mobile app. The free app is available on both Apple and Android mobile devices (including cell phones and tablets) by searching for "Pendleton SD" in the app store. The Pendleton School District is the first school district in the region to release a mobile app.
Read the full aticle from the District here.
Please complete the following if you are NEW to the Pendleton School District:
See the 2014-15 School Calendar for more dates.
Sherwood Heights Elementary School
3111 SW Marshall Ave. | Pendleton, OR 97801
All content © 1998-2014 Pendleton School District 16R


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Children's jazz track .Old jazz traditions ,sound of swing era+ happy and cheerful children's melody -isn't it just a perfect combination for you project ?
Dear customer,please let me see how this music doing in your project ! I'll put the link on my page(if you don't mind )
More from my children's collection Special edits and mixes- for FREE ,just contact me.


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CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. -- An Albemarle County official who pleaded guilty to sexual battery is challenging a petition seeking his removal from office.
Media outlets report that Supervisor Christopher J. Dumler's attorney asked a judge this week to dismiss the petition. A motion filed by attorney Jessica Phillips says the petition's language doesn't match a bill of particulars filed by special prosecutor Michael Doucette.
Resident Earl Smith submitted the petition. He contends that Dumler's conviction on the misdemeanor charge is hampering his ability to serve.
A bench trial on the petition is set for May 20 in Albemarle County Circuit Court.
Dumler pleaded guilty in January. He has said he won't resign but he won't seek re-election.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Salix Pharmaceuticals Reports 3Q2012 Results
"We continue to anticipate an action by the FDA by the end of the first quarter of 2013 on our NDA for Crofelemer 125 mg tablets for the proposed indication of the control and symptomatic relief of diarrhea in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on anti-retroviral therapy.
Both the FDA and Salix are continuing to work collaboratively to progress this important product through its full review. To date, this collaboration has resulted in substantial progress in handling topics important to crofelemer as well as to future botanical products in general. The primary focus of our collaboration is the production and control of the crofelemer active pharmaceutical ingredient in order to ensure compliance with the manufacturing and product quality requirements of the Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act. Both Salix and the FDA are committed to a robust level of cooperation and data exchange with the goal of providing crofelemer to patients suffering from the very important unmet need of the indication for which we are seeking approval. Our efforts to date have advanced both the chemical and the regulatory science methods available to ensure the quality and clinical usefulness of crofelemer and, potentially, other products that are of botanical origin.
"On February 21, 2012 the Company initiated TARGET 3 - a Phase 3 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeat treatment with rifaximin 550 mg TID (three times daily) for 14 days in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) who respond to an initial treatment course with rifaximin 550 mg TID for 14 days. During the third quarter we continued to enroll a number of subjects sufficient to randomize approximately 800 subjects (400 subjects per treatment group) into the double blind retreatment phase of the study. We initiated patient enrollment in TARGET 3 during the first half of 2012 and currently anticipate securing a FDA decision regarding approvability during the first half of 2014. We continue to strengthen our intellectual property relating to rifaximin for the treatment of IBS-D. A method of treatment patent regarding XIFAXAN550 for the treatment of IBS-D should issue November 13, 2012 and should provide protection until 2029.
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