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Ethanol Renewable Identification Numbers (RINS)
The Environmetal Protection Agency (EPA), under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 is responsible for revising and implementing regulations to ensure that gasoline sold in the United States contains a minimum volume of renewable fuel. The Renewable Fuel Standard program will increase the volume of renewable fuel required to be blended into gasoline from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022. The new RFS program regulations are being developed in collaboration with refiners, renewable fuel producers, and many other stakeholders
Prior to the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Congress directed EPA in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to design a program that requires the blending of renewable fuels into our nation's motor-vehicle fuel supply. This program is called the Renewable Fuel Standard.
At the time, the RFS program requires increasing the use of renewable fuels every year through 2012. For 2007, a minimum of 4% of fuel dispensed to U.S. motorists shall come from renewable sources (a floor of 4.7 billion gallons). By 2012, at least 7.5 billion gallons of renewable fuel must be blended into motor-vehicle fuel sold in America. After 2012, renewable fuel use is required to grow in volume as gasoline demand grows. In 2006, American refiners, blenders, and importers used 5.4 billion gallons of renewable fuel -- almost 25% more than was required for that year.
In an effort to decrease consumption of oil in the United States, Congress tasked the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to "promulgate regulations to ensure that gasoline sold or introduced into commerce in the United States, on an annual average basis, contains the applicable volume of renewable fuel" (1501 Energy Policy Act 2005).
This in turn led to the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS), which became effective September 1, 2007. The RFS raises the amount of renewable fuels to be used in gasoline in the United States from 8 billions barrels in 2008 to 36 billion by 2022.
The Birth of RINs
In order to monitor this mandated increase in renewable energy production, the EPA required that each gallon of renewable fuel produced have a unique serial number attached to it. These "Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs)" are then turned into the EPA each year by petroleum refiners to prove that they have blended the required amount of renewable fuel into their gasoline. However, refiners can get around blending renewables into gasoline themselves by purchasing excess RINs from refiners who have used more renewable fuel than was required of them.
Further, anyone who is registered with the EPA can buy and sell RINs, which means that RINs function as somewhat of a currency.
Technical Difficulties
Conceptually, RINs are a simple idea, but the technical aspects of the RINs can be intricate and complex.
A RIN is a 38-digit number that contains the entire DNA of the fuel it identifies (year of production, producer ID, facility ID, equivalence value, batch number, cellulosic/non-cellulosic, etc.) This 38-digit number can also represent any volume of fuel from 1 gallon to 99,999,999 gallons. So where one RIN may represent 5 gallons of ethanol, another RIN may represent 50,000 gallons of biodiesel. (Click the link at the bottom of this article to see a chart that explains the makeup of RINs.)
Each transfer of ownership (first the unassigned RINs with their respective fuel, and later the transfer of separated RINs among market participants) requires submitting long sequences of these 38-digit numbers to the EPA. A typical transaction representing 500,000 gallons of renewable fuel might involve as many as 100 individual RINs.
Submitting so many long and unwieldy numbers means that the system is fraught with potential errors.
Additionally, there is no available database that allows buyers to verify and validate RINs. Even if there were such a database, the information would not be available until after each quarterly filing deadline. Market participants may therefore be unnecessarily exposed to counterparty risk.
To help highlight the complexity, think of it this way: What if the IRS demanded the individual serial numbers of dollar bills from merchants every time they sold items for cash? Simple transactions would require cumbersome bookkeeping and accounting tasks to be performed on a routine basis.
The selection of 38-digit numbers to monitor compliance represents a deliberate choice by our previous administration. The rest of the world may prefer to regulate emissions via cap and trade systems, but the U.S. refused to sign the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and has been unwilling to embrace carbon credit programs of any kind.
It is hoped that this shortcoming will be addressed by upcoming revisions to the RFS program in 2009.
Other Possibilities
In addition to the meeting the requirements of the RFS, RINs could be turned into an instrument for other advancements of the U.S.'s environmental policy by using them as a government sanctioned "currency."
Congress could, for example, sponsor legislation to issue RINs to encourage and reward the building of power plants and factories with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. RINs might also be issued to encourage fleet conversion to Flex-Fueled Vehicles and to manufacturers of electric vehicles and lawn mowers. Solar power and wind power could also qualify for RIN credits. The choices are limitless.
Additionally, the purchasing of RINs could become an attractive strategy for corporate public relations campaigns. To demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and the neutralization of their "carbon footprints" corporations could purchase RINs and retire them. This gesture would remove a given amount of RINs from circulation, decreasing supply in the market. Since motor fuel refiners and importers continue to have to submit RINs to be compliant with the Renewable Fuel Standard, more renewable fuels would have to be produced to bring necessary supply back into the RIN markets.
Purchasing RINs for the PR value would present an attractive alternative to the increasingly common purchase of Carbon Credits by corporate entities for the same purpose. After all, RINs are regulated in the United States by the EPA and readily identifiable with unique serial numbers. Currently, the same cannot be said of Carbon Credits.
It should be noted however, that these novel applications of the original RIN concept are not without risks. Should the delicate balance between supply and demand become unhinged, price pressures could easily push the value of RINs to levels where compliance with the RFS would cause RIN (and motor fuel) prices to rise significantly. In such a scenario, political pressures might then be brought to bear on the EPA to lower the renewable fuel standard thereby reducing fuel prices, similar to what happened this summer, when crude oil and crop price spikes prompted several states (led by Texas) to petition the EPA to relax the RFS for 2008. Folowing several months of dddeliberation this request was turned down.
One of the most compelling components of the RIN program is the unrestricted ability to freely trade RINs among EPA registered entities. The EPA expressly permitted non-stakeholders to buy and sell RINs, provided they are registered with the EPA and file quarterly reports. Since being listed on an electronic exchange, (RINXchange) there has been significant interest in trading RINs, not only by "stakeholders" (blenders, marketers and producers of renewable energy), but also from participants in the financial markets.
A Look Ahead
While the RIN market is currently liquid and groups like RINXchange are bringing much needed price discovery to the marketplace, RIN trading does not yet permit selling "short," an important functionality in any financial market. It is expected that short selling will soon enter into the RIN markets offering all participants greater liquidity and additional hedging opportunities.
Many in Washington, including the Obama administration have stressed the importance of reducing the country's dependence on foreign oil and reducing green house gas emissions. It will be interesting to see how RINs and the RFS will impact these goals. Already in 2009, the RFS will require that 11.1 billion barrels of produced and consumed, 3.1 billion more barrels than in 2008.
John D. Gelbard is the co-founder and CEO of the RINXchange, an online marketplace for the buying and selling of RINs. He is also Senior Vice President of I.A.Englander & Co., one of the largest independent derivatives brokerage firms in the United States. Mr. Gelbard has been a member of the American Stock Exchange since 1977. He is the former Chairman of The Option Market Makers Association, has served on the Nominating Committee of the Amex Board of Governors, and was instrumental in the development and implementation of strategic new products at the Exchange. He has also been a member of the COMEX, the CBOE, and the NYFE.
RINMARK™ Launches First Renewable Fuels Credit Trading
Contact: 212-943-1400 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
New York, NY, January 15, 2008 - Answering the Nation's call for dramatic increases in
renewable fuel use over the next 10 years, Renewable Trading Services, LLC announced today
the launch of RINMARK™, an Internet based exchange platform for the purpose of trading RIN
credits in the United States. The RINMARK™ exchange addresses each of the trading
requirements established in the EPA's final rule for the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), first
implemented on September 1, 2007 and since expanded with the passage of the 2007 Energy Bill.
Trading will begin January 30, 2008, following a web based conference (RIN Trading Webinar)
on January 16, 2008. The next phase of electronic trading will commence by the end of the first
quarter of this year. The RIN Trading Webinar will be hosted by the RINSTAR™ Renewable
Fuel Registry and will serve to introduce participants from all over the industry to the new
exchange and the economic factors which will drive the market.
Registration for the webinar is
offered on a first-come first-served basis at www.RINMARK.com. "This state-of-the-art RIN
Exchange platform has been designed by Belzberg Technologies Inc., with both business and the
financial institutions in mind. By working with the Renewable Fuel Registry we are able to
deliver verifiable RINs to the marketplace, day-in and day-out", said Stephen Tobias, president of
Renewable Trading Services, LLC.
The Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and Energy Efficiency Act of 2007, has been the
legislative vehicle of choice for reducing the carbon footprint of motor fuels on the environment
in the United States. With a new CAFÉ standard of 35 mpg and a Renewable Fuel Standard
(RFS) that increases previously mandated levels by over 300%, the new laws effectively serve to
drive industry towards more environmentally responsible alternatives.
At the heart of the RFS is
a credit trading program based upon the Renewable Identification Number (RIN).
RINs are serial numbers assigned to ethanol and other bio-fuels when originally manufactured or
otherwise introduced into the U.S. marketplace by producers or importers. Companies
throughout the renewable fuel and petroleum supply chain are participating on the RINSTAR™
Renewable Fuel Registry, where RIN numbers are registered and validated before transferring
title to another party. "We have already handled 39,321 individual transactions on RINSTAR™,
accounting for validation of over 600 million gallon-RINs in the first 4 months of operation", said
Clayton McMartin, president of the Clean Fuels Clearinghouse – developer and administrating
company of the RINSTAR™ Renewable Fuel Registry. The independent 3rd party registry
provides the industry with its patent pending validation service, delivering the confidence that
environmental credit traders require when executing strategic business plans built upon this
emerging market.
Renewable Trading Services, LLC is being formed by AgriFuels, LLC, Belzberg Technologies
(USA) Inc., I.A. Englander & Co. Inc. and Freedom Group Inc. delivering an electronic
environmental credit exchange platform open to all parties interested in trading RINs.
RINSTAR™ Renewable Fuels Registry is a product of Clean Fuels Clearinghouse, a company
formed in 2001 for the purpose of delivering business solutions for cleaner fuels.
Release date: 08/07/2008, Contact Information: Jonathan Shradar, (202) 564-4355 / email@example.com
(Washington, DC – August 7, 2008) Following extensive analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Stephen L. Johnson today announced his decision to deny a request submitted by the State of Texas to reduce the nationwide Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS). As a result, the required total volume of renewable fuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, mandated by law to be blended into the fuel supply will remain at 9 billion gallons in 2008 and 11.1 billion gallons in 2009.
"After reviewing the facts, it was clear this request did not meet the criteria in the law," said EPA Administrator Stephen L. Johnson. "The RFS remains an important tool in our ongoing efforts to reduce America's greenhouse gas emissions and lessen our dependence on foreign oil, in aggressive yet practical ways."
Current law authorizes EPA to waive the national RFS if the agency determines that the mandated biofuel volumes would cause "severe harm" to the economy or the environment. The agency recognizes that high commodity prices are having economic impacts, but EPA's extensive analysis of Texas' request found no compelling evidence that the RFS mandate is causing severe economic harm during the time period specified by Texas.
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 established the RFS program – and included amendments to the Clean Air Act to set strict criteria for RFS-related waivers. RFS nationwide volume mandates were increased in the Energy Independence and Security Act, which was signed into law in December 2007.
EPA conducted detailed analysis, consulted closely with the Departments of Energy and Agriculture, and carefully considered more than 15,000 public comments in response to the Texas request.
This is the first RFS-related waiver request. In a Federal Register notice, EPA is publishing a detailed rationale that will also serve as a framework for any future waiver considerations.
About RINXchange
RINXchange is an online marketplace for buyers and sellers of Renewable Fuel Identification
Numbers (RINs). The goal of RINXchange is to provide an efficient, fast and neutral platform
for improved price discovery, overcoming the inherent limitations of the predominately broker driven
RIN trading process currently used. RINXchange is open to all parties registered with
the EPA under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) program, including producers, importers,
blenders, marketers, petroleum refiners, brokers and investors.
What Are RINs? Renewable Identification Numbers were devised by the EPA as a way to ensure compliance
with the RFS program, which mandates an average annual minimum percentage of
renewable fuel that must be in each gallon of gasoline and diesel fuel.
For 2008, the EPA has mandated that all gasoline and diesel fuel sold for road-based motor
vehicles be made up of 7.8% renewable fuel. To ensure this level is reached, refiners and
importers are obligated to submit to the EPA 7.8 RINs (representing 7.8 gallons of
renewables) for every 100 gallons of petroleum-based fuel they produce or import.
RINs, which act as renewable fuel credits, are assigned for each batch of renewable fuel
entering the US fuel supply chain. One to 2.5 RINs are created for each gallon of renewable
fuel (the exact number is based on a rather complex calculation designed to encourage
production of different renewable fuel types).
The RIN
Marketplace -
Under the 7.8% RFS mandate, RINs represent a $500 million market, with almost 30 million
new RINs created each day and an estimated 8 to 9 billion RINs projected for 2008.
When biofuels are blended with standard gasoline or diesel fuel, blenders are required to
separate their associated RINs, at which time they can be bought and sold independent of the
blended fuel.
The RIN market has three primary participants:
• Refiners and Importers. Termed by the EPA as obligated parties, these companies
must submit RINs equal to 7.8% of motor fuel refined or imported. They may find it more
cost effective to buy mandated RINs rather than transport and blend renewable fuels, or
they might need additional RINs to meet their mandated levels. Conversely, obligated
parties that accumulate more RINs than they need may sell them to other RIN market
participants for a meaningful new revenue stream in an industry with very slight margins.
• Blenders and Marketers. Any party which adds renewable fuels to gasoline or diesel
fuel and must strip the RINs from the underlying fuel and sell them into the marketplace,
thereby reducing their cost and monetizing the RINs value.
• Speculators and Hedgers. Buyers also may be entities trying to predict the direction of
RIN prices, energy prices, carbon credit values and other energy markets, or those
hedging positions in these same markets.
In addition, as RINs gain traction, it is expected that sustainability-driven corporate entities, as
well as political or environmental organizations may purchase RINs to remove them from the
marketplace, forcing increased production of renewable fuels.
Companies -
RINXchange was developed with the complementary expertise of biofuel, trading and
technology firms of AgriFuel, I.A. Englander and Belzberg, respectively.
Media Contacts David Carlson Josh Inglis
firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com
312-346-2006 312-346-2007
RINXchange John Gelbard, CEO
55 Broad Street, 28th Floor, New York, NY 10004
EPA RIN Registration Information
Before selling fuel, producers must register first with Fuel and Fuel Additives Registration (FFARS) program then the RFS program. The FFARS program is a completely separate program from the RFS program, each having its own separate registration process.
More information about FFARS may be found at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/additive.htm. The FFARS registration forms may be found at http://epa.gov/otaq/regs/fuels/ffarsfrms.htm.
For the RFS program, ethanol producers must register their company and each facility at which they produce ethanol [40 CFR 80.1150(b)]. The registration forms can be found at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/fuels/fuelsregistration.htm.
Ethanol producers are required to fill out one 3520-20A for the company and one 3520-20B for each facility. On form 3520-20A, ethanol producers are required to select "RFS" for question 7 and "RIN Generator" for question 8. On form 3520-20B, ethanol producers need to select "RIN generator." After the forms are received, EPA will provide the ethanol producer with its Company and Facility IDs for the RFS program. (Remember that registration numbers discussed above for FFARS are not the appropriate registration numbers to be utilized in the RFS program and the generation of RINs, as discussed below.)
RIN Generation -
RINs refer to Renewable Identification Numbers. Producers and importers of renewable fuel must generate RINs to represent all the renewable fuel they produce or import. The point in time when RINs must be generated is flexible, but no later than when the renewable fuel is transferred to another party [40 CFR 80.1126(e) (2)]. Total number of "gallon-RINs" that can be generated is determined from both the volume of fuel and its equivalence value. For ethanol, the equivalence value is
1.0 [40 CFR 80.1115(b)(2)]. For other renewable fuels, the equivalence value is set forth in the RFS regulations, and reflects the difference in BTU value as compared to ethanol.
For more information on the structure of a RIN, see 40 CFR 80.1125.
Transfer RINs: Moving RINs With Fuel and Selling Ethanol.
All renewable producers/importers that sell only the fuel that they create or import must transfer RINs with fuel to the next party at the equivalence value. For ethanol, that is 1 RIN per gallon sold to the next party. RINs can only be transferred to parties registered for the RFS program; therefore renewable producers/importers that sell only the fuel they create or import can only sell to registered parties. [40 CFR 80.1128(a)(6)].
Renewable producers and importers that sell a volume of renewable fuel in addition to their own may sell between zero and 2.5 RINs to any party [40 CFR 80.1128(a)(4)]. RINs may only be sold to registered companies, but any company may purchase ethanol without RINs.
Product Transfer Documents -
All parties that transfer renewable fuel must follow the Product Transfer Document (PTD) regulations per 40 CFR 80.1153. Every product transfer document must have the following information:
Name and address of the transferor and transferee;
The transferor's and transferee's company registration number;
The volume of fuel transferred; The date of transfer.
A list of RINs assigned to the volume [40 CFR 80.1153(a)(5)]; alternatively, assigned RINs may be transferred on a separate document to the same party on the same day. If a separate document is used to transfer the RINs, the PTD that transfers ownership of the fuel must state the number of "gallon-RINs" transferred and reference the document used to transfer the RINs.
If no assigned RINs are being transferred with renewable fuel, the PTD which is used to transfer ownership of the fuel shall state "No RINs Transferred."
Blending -
Blenders of renewable fuel that create motor vehicle fuel (for example by blending ethanol with gasoline to produce E-85 or E-10), must separate RINs associated with the volume of renewable fuel [40 CFR 80.1129(b)(2)]. In addition, renewable fuel producers may, upon agreement with their customers, separate RINs from fuel in situations where customers are "splash blending."
Blenders of renewable fuel
with assigned RINs, must separate the RINs and change the first digit (K code) of the RINs from 1 to 2 during the compliance quarter when the blending took place and before transferring those RINs to another party.
Exporting -
Any company that exports renewable fuel in its neat form or blended with gasoline or diesel outside of the lower 48 states [40 CFR 80.1126(a)] (and after January 1, 2007, Hawaii) has a Renewable Volume Obligation (RVO). The RVO for exporters is determined by retiring RINs equal to the volume of fuel exported times the equivalence value, plus any prior year deficit. A producer that exports renewable fuel, must generate RINs for that volume, and upon export, separate those RINs [40 CFR 80.1129(b)(3)]. At the end of the compliance year, the exporter must determine its RVO [40 CFR 80.1130(b)]. In the event that an exporter does not have enough separated RINs to cover their RVO, they must acquire separated RINs to meet the RVO [40 CFR 80.1130(a)].
Non-Road Use of Fuel -
EPA believes that most fuel that can be used as motor vehicle fuel and which otherwise meets the definition of "renewable fuel" (such as biodiesel and ethanol) will ultimately be used as motor vehicle fuel. Therefore, producers and importers of such products can assume that they meet the definition of "renewable fuel" and can assign RINs to them without tracking their ultimate use.
However, if fuel with assigned RINs is actually blended into gasoline or diesel that is known to be destined for use in a nonroad application, such as agricultural equipment, the presumption that led the fuel producer/importer to assign RINs to the product is no longer valid. Such fuel cannot be considered a motor vehicle fuel and thus is not in fact a "renewable fuel" that is valid for RFS compliance purposes. In such cases, the blender should treat the RINs associated with the blended fuel in the same way as for fuel with assigned RINs that is used in a heater or boiler.
If a producer/importer is transferring a volume of fuel to a party and knows the fuel is going off-road, then the producer/importer should not generate RINs for that volume.
Recordkeeping Requirements -
Renewable producers and importers, obligated parties and owners of RINs who are neither renewable producers/importer nor obligated parties have several record keeping requirements. 40 CFR 80.1151(e) states records must be kept for 5 years.
Renewable producers and importers are required to report on a quarterly basis to the EPA (40 CFR 80.1152). The reporting templates are located at: http://epa.gov/otaq/regs/fuels/rfsforms.htm . All renewable producers and importers are required to fill out three of these reports quarterly; RFS Activity Report (RFS0100), RFS RIN Transaction Report (RFS0200), and RFS RIN Generation Report (RFS0400).
Exporters of renewable fuel and obligated parties must also use the annual RFS Obligated Party Annual Compliance Report (RFS0300).
RFS Activity Report (RFS0100): Two reports required quarterly. One report for attached RINs and one report for separated RINs. Producers must indicate how many RINs they generated in the quarter and how many they transferred, in addition to any other RIN activities that apply.
RFS RIN Transaction Report (RFS0200) One report submitted per transaction.
RFS RIN Generation Report (RFS0400) One report submitted per batch.
All reports must be submitted via EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX). CDX is an online portal that encrypts and sends reports to the EPA. In order for companies to use CDX they must register users well in advance of the reporting deadline.
CDX registration is based on individual users rather than corporate accounts. Responsible corporate officers of a company may register themselves or delegate the ability to submit reports to another person. Responsible corporate officers are still responsible for their delegates' submissions.
Attest Engagements -
All producers must perform an "attest engagement" of the reports submitted to EPA. The attest engagements must be performed by a Certified Public Accountant or Certified Internal Auditor as per the regulations and they must mail a copy to the EPA.
RIN Details
Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).
Each RIN is a 38 character numeric code of the following form:
(a) K is a number identifying the type of RIN as follows:
(1) K has the value of 1 when the RIN is assigned to a volume of renewable fuel pursuant to §§ 80.1126(e) and 80.1128(a).
(2) K has the value of 2 when the RIN has been separated from a volume of renewable fuel pursuant to §80.1126(e)(4) or §80.1129.
(b) YYYY is the calendar year in which the batch of renewable fuel was produced or imported. YYYY also represents the year in which the RIN was originally generated.
(c) CCCC is the registration number assigned according to §80.1150 to the producer or importer of the batch of renewable fuel.
(d) FFFFF is the registration number assigned according to §80.1150 to the facility at which the batch of renewable fuel was produced or imported.
(e) BBBBB is a serial number assigned to the batch which is chosen by the producer or importer of the batch such that no two batches have the same value in a given calendar year.
(f) RR is a number representing the equivalence value of the renewable fuel as specified in §80.1115 and multiplied by 10 to produce the value for RR.
(g) D is a number identifying the type of renewable fuel, as follows:
(1) D has the value of 1 if the renewable fuel can be categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in §80.1101(a).
(2) D has the value of 2 if the renewable fuel cannot be categorized as cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in §80.1101(a).
(h) SSSSSSSS is a number representing the first gallon-RIN associated with a batch of renewable fuel.
(i) EEEEEEEE is a number representing the last gallon-RIN associated with a batch of renewable fuel. EEEEEEEE will be identical to SSSSSSSS if the batch-
represents a single gallon-RIN. Assign the value of EEEEEEEE as described in §80.1126.
How are RINs generated and assigned to batches of renewable fuel by renewable fuel producers or importers?
(a) Regional applicability.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a RIN must be assigned by a renewable fuel producer or importer to every batch of renewable fuel produced by a facility located in the contiguous 48 states of the United States, or imported into the contiguous 48 states.
(2) If the Administrator approves a petition of Alaska, Hawaii, or a United States territory to opt-in to the renewable fuel program under the provisions in §80.1143, then the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall also apply to renewable fuel produced or imported into that state or territory beginning in the next calendar year.
(b) Volume threshold. Renewable fuel producers located within the United States that produce less than 10,000 gallons of renewable fuel each year, and importers that import less than 10,000 gallons of renewable fuel each year, are not required to generate and assign RINs to batches of renewable fuel. Such producers and importers are also exempt from the registration, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements of §§80.1150-80.1152. However, for such producers and importers that voluntarily generate and assign RINs, all the requirements of this subpart apply.
(c) Definition of batch. For the purposes of this section and §80.1125, a "batch of renewable fuel" is a volume of renewable fuel that has been assigned a unique RIN code BBBBB within a calendar year by the producer or importer of the renewable fuel in accordance with the provisions of this section and §80.1125.
(1) The number of gallon-RINs generated for a batch of renewable fuel may not exceed 99,999,999.
(2) A batch of renewable fuel cannot represent renewable fuel produced or imported in excess of one calendar month.
(d) Generation of RINs.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the producer or importer of a batch of renewable fuel must generate RINs for that batch, including any renewable fuel contained in imported gasoline.
(2) A producer or importer of renewable fuel may generate RINs for volumes of renewable fuel that it owns on September 1, 2007.
(3) A party generating a RIN shall specify the appropriate numerical values for each component of the RIN in accordance with the provisions of §80.1125 and this paragraph (d).
What are the recordkeeping requirements
under the RFS program?
(a) Beginning September 1, 2007, any obligated party (as described at §80.1106) or exporter of renewable fuel (as described at §80.1130) must keep all of the following records:
(1) Product transfer documents consistent with §80.1153 and associated with the obligated party's activity, if any, as transferor or transferee of renewable fuel.
(2) Copies of all reports submitted to EPA under §80.1152(a).
(3) Records related to each RIN transaction, which includes all the following:
(i) A list of the RINs owned, purchased, sold, retired or expired.
(ii) The parties involved in each RIN transaction including the transferor, transferee, and any broker or agent.
(iii) The date of the transfer of the RIN(s).
(iv) Additional information related to details of the transaction and its terms.
(4) Records related to the use of RINs (by facility, if applicable) for compliance, which includes all the following:
(i) Methods and variables used to calculate the Renewable Volume Obligation pursuant to §80.1107 or §80.1130.
(ii) List of RINs used to demonstrate compliance.
(iii) Additional information related to details of RIN use for compliance.
(b) Beginning September 1, 2007, any producer or importer of a renewable fuel as defined at §80.1101(d) must keep all of the following records:
(1) Product transfer documents consistent with §80.1153 and associated with the renewable fuel producer's or importer's activity, if any, as transferor or transferee of renewable fuel.
(2) Copies of all reports submitted to EPA under §80.1152(b).
(3) Records related to the generation and assignment of RINs for each facility, including all of the following:
(i) Batch volume in gallons.
(ii) Batch number.
(iii) RIN number as assigned under §80.1126.
(iv) Identification of batches meeting the definition of cellulosic biomass ethanol.
(v) Date of production or import.
(vi) Results of any laboratory analysis of batch chemical composition or physical properties.
(vii) Additional information related to details of RIN generation.
(4) Records related to each RIN transaction, including all of the following:
(i) A list of the RINs owned, purchased, sold, retired or expired.
(ii) The parties involved in each transaction including the transferor, transferee, and any broker or agent.
(iii) The date of the transfer of the RIN(s).
(iv) Additional information related to details of the transaction and its terms.
(5) Records related to the production or importation of any volume of renewable fuel that the renewable fuel producer or importer designates as motor vehicle fuel and the use of the fuel as motor vehicle fuel.
(c) Beginning September 1, 2007, any producer of a renewable fuel defined at §80.1101(d) must keep verifiable records of the following:
(1) The amount and type of fossil fuel and waste material-derived fuel used in producing on-site thermal energy dedicated to the production of ethanol at plants producing cellulosic biomass ethanol through the displacement of 90 percent or more of the fossil fuel normally used in the production of ethanol, as described at §80.1101(a)(2).
(2) The amount and type of feedstocks used in producing cellulosic biomass ethanol as defined in §80.1101(a)(1).
(3) The equivalent amount of fossil fuel (based on reasonable estimates) associated with the use of off-site generated waste heat that is used in the production of ethanol at plants producing cellulosic biomass ethanol through the displacement of 90 percent or more of the fossil fuel normally used in the production of ethanol, as described at §80.1101(a)(2).
(4) The plot plan and process flow diagram for plants producing cellulosic biomass and waste derived ethanol as defined in §80.1101(a) and (b), respectively.
(5) The independent third party verification required under §80.1155 for producers of cellulosic biomass ethanol and waste derived ethanol.
(d) Beginning September 1, 2007, any party, other than those parties covered in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, that owns RINs must keep all of the following records:
(1) Product transfer documents consistent with §80.1153 and associated with the party's activity, if any, as transferor or transferee of renewable fuel.
(2) Copies of all reports submitted to EPA under §80.1152(c).
(3) Records related to each RIN transaction, including all of the following:
(i) A list of the RINs owned, purchased, sold, retired or expired.
(ii) The parties involved in each RIN transaction including the transferor, transferee, and any broker or agent.
(iii) The date of the transfer of the RIN(s).
(iv) Additional information related to details of the transaction and its terms.
(e) The records required under this section and under §80.1153 shall be kept for five years from the date they were created, except that records related to transactions involving RINs shall be kept for five years from the date of transfer.
(f) On request by EPA, the records required under this section and under §80.1153 must be made available to the Administrator or the Administrator's authorized representative. For records that are electronically generated or maintained, the equipment or software necessary to read the records shall be made available; or, if requested by EPA, electronic records shall be converted to paper documents
What are the reporting requirements
under the RFS program?
(a) Any obligated party described in §80.1106 or exporter of renewable fuel described in §80.1130 must submit to EPA reports according to the schedule, and containing the information, that is set forth in this paragraph (a).
(1) An annual compliance demonstration report for the previous compliance period shall be submitted every February 28, except as noted in paragraph (a)(1)(x) of this section, and shall include all of the following information:
(i) The obligated party's name.
(ii) The EPA company registration number.
(iii) Whether the party is complying on a corporate (aggregate) or facility-by-facility basis.
(iv) The EPA facility registration number, if complying on a facility-by-facility basis.
(v) The production volume of all of the products listed in §80.1107(c) for the reporting year.
(vi) The renewable volume obligation (RVO), as defined in §80.1127(a) for obligated parties and §80.1130(b) for exporters of renewable fuel, for the reporting year.
(vii) Any deficit RVO carried over from the previous year.
(viii) The total current-year gallon-RINs used for compliance.
(ix) The total prior-years gallon-RINs used for compliance.
(x) A list of all RINs used for compliance in the reporting year. For compliance demonstrations covering calendar year 2007 only, this list shall be reported by May 31, 2008. In all subsequent years, this list shall be submitted by February 28.
(xi) Any deficit RVO carried into the subsequent year.
(xii) Any additional information that the Administrator may require.
(2) The quarterly RIN transaction reports required under paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(3) The quarterly gallon-RIN activity reports required under paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
(4) Reports required under this paragraph (a) must be signed and certified as meeting all the applicable requirements of this subpart by the owner or a responsible corporate officer of the obligated party.
(b) Any producer or importer of a renewable fuel must, beginning November 30, 2007, submit to EPA reports according to the schedule, and containing the information, that is set forth in this paragraph (b).
(1) A quarterly RIN-generation report for each facility owned by the renewable fuel producer, and each importer, shall be submitted according to the schedule specified in paragraph (d) of this section, and shall include for the reporting period all of the following information for each batch of renewable fuel produced or imported, where "batch" means a discreet quantity of renewable fuel produced or imported and assigned a unique RIN:
(i) The renewable fuel producer's or importer's name.
(ii) The EPA company registration number.
(iii) The EPA facility registration number.
(iv) The applicable quarterly reporting period.
(v) The RINs generated for each batch according to §80.1126.
(vi) The production date of each batch.
(vii) The type of renewable fuel of each batch, as defined in §80.1101(d).
(viii) Information related to the volume of denaturant and applicable equivalence value of each batch.
(ix) The volume of each batch produced or imported.
(x) Any additional information the Administrator may require.
(2) The RIN transaction reports required under paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(3) The quarterly gallon-RIN activity report required under paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
(4) Reports required under this paragraph (b) must be signed and certified as meeting all the applicable requirements of this subpart by the owner or a responsible corporate officer of the renewable fuel producer.
(c) Any party, including any party specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, that owns RINs during a reporting period must, beginning November 30, 2007, submit reports to EPA according to the schedule, and containing the information, that is set forth in this paragraph (c).
(1) A RIN transaction report for each RIN transaction shall be submitted by the end of the quarter in which the transaction occurred, according to the schedule specified in paragraph (d) of this section. Each report shall include all of the following:
(i) The submitting party's name.
(ii) The party's EPA company registration number.
(iii) The party's facility registration number, if the report required under paragraph (c)(2) of this section is submitted on a facility-by-facility basis.
(iv) The applicable quarterly reporting period.
(v) Transaction type (RIN purchase, RIN sale, expired RIN, retired RIN).
(vi) Transaction date.
(vii) For a RIN purchase or sale, the trading partner's name.
(viii) For a RIN purchase or sale, the trading partner's EPA company registration number. For all other transactions, the submitting party's EPA company registration number.
(ix) RIN subject to the transaction.
(x) For a retired RIN, the reason for retiring the RIN (e.g., reportable spill under §80.1132, import volume correction under §80.1166(k), renewable fuel used in boiler or heater under §80.1129(e), enforcement obligation).
(xi) Any additional information that the Administrator may require.
(2) A quarterly gallon-RIN activity report shall be submitted to EPA according to the schedule specified in paragraph (d) of this section. Each report shall summarize gallon-RIN activities for the reporting period, separately for RINs separated from a renewable fuel volume and RINs assigned to a renewable fuel volume. A RIN owner with more than one facility may submit the report required under this paragraph for each of its facilities individually, or for all of its facilities in the aggregate. The quarterly gallon-RIN activity report shall include all of the following information:
(i) The submitting party's name.
(ii) The party's EPA company registration number.
(iii) Whether the party is submitting the report required under this paragraph on a corporate (aggregate) or facility-by-facility basis.
(iv) The party's EPA facility registration number, if the report required under this paragraph is submitted on a facility-by-facility basis.
(v) Number of current-year gallon-RINs owned at the start of the quarter.
(vi) Number of prior-years gallon-RINs owned at the start of the quarter.
(vii) The total current-year gallon-RINs purchased.
(viii) The total prior-years gallon-RINs purchased.
(ix) The total current-year gallon-RINs sold.
(x) The total prior-years gallon-RINs sold.
(xi) The total current-year gallon-RINs retired.
(xii) The total prior-years gallon-RINs retired.
(xiii) The total current-year gallon-RINs expired (fourth quarter only).
(xiv) The total prior-years gallon-RINs expired (fourth quarter only).
(xv) Number of current-year gallon-RINs owned at the end of the quarter.
(xvi) Number of prior-years gallon-RINs owned at the end of the quarter.
(xvii) For parties reporting gallon-RIN activity under this paragraph for RINs assigned to a volume of renewable fuel, the volume of renewable fuel (in gallons) owned at the end of the quarter.
(xviii) Any additional information that the Administrator may require.
(3) All reports required under this paragraph (c) must be signed and certified as meeting all the applicable requirements of this subpart by the RIN owner or a responsible corporate officer of the RIN owner.
(d) Quarterly reports shall be submitted to EPA by: May 31st for the first calendar quarter of January through March; August 31st for the second calendar quarter of April through June; November 30th for the third calendar quarter of July through
September; and February 28th for the fourth calendar quarter of October through December. For 2007, quarterly reports shall commence on November 30, 2007.
(e) Reports required under this section shall be submitted on forms and following procedures as prescribed by EPA.
Who is liable for violations under the RFS program?
(a) Persons liable for violations of prohibited acts.
(1) Any person who violates a prohibition under §80.1160(a) through (d) is liable for the violation of that prohibition.
(2) Any person who causes another person to violate a prohibition under §80.1160(a) through (d) is liable for a violation of §80.1160(e).
(b) Persons liable for failure to meet other provisions of this subpart.
(1) Any person who fails to meet a requirement of any provision of this subpart is liable for a violation of that provision.
(2) Any person who causes another person to fail to meet a requirement of any provision of this subpart is liable for causing a violation of that provision.
(c) Parent corporation liability. Any parent corporation is liable for any violation of this subpart that is committed by any of its subsidiaries.
(d) Joint venture liability. Each partner to a joint venture is jointly and severally liable for any violation
What penalties apply under the RFS program?
(a) Any person who is liable for a violation under §80.1161 is subject a to civil penalty of up to $32,500, as specified in sections 205 and 211(d) of the Clean Air Act, for every day of each such violation and the amount of economic benefit or savings resulting from each violation.
(b) Any person liable under §80.1161(a) for a violation of §80.1160(c) for failure to meet a renewable volume obligation, or §80.1160(e) for causing another party to fail to meet a renewable volume obligation, during any averaging period, is subject to a separate day of violation for each day in the averaging period.
(c) Any person liable under §80.1161(b) for failure to meet, or causing a failure to meet, a requirement of any provision of this subpart is liable for a separate day of violation for each day such a requirement remains unfulfilled.
EPA - Final RIN Regulations (PDF)


text: Strict Standards: Redefining already defined constructor for class XML_Parser in /home/sites/www.americanpoems.com/web/store/aom/includes/os.php on line 1188 Strict Standards: Declaration of XML_Parser::raiseError() should be compatible with PEAR::raiseError($message = NULL, $code = NULL, $mode = NULL, $options = NULL, $userinfo = NULL, $error_class = NULL, $skipmsg = false) in /home/sites/www.americanpoems.com/web/store/aom/includes/os.php on line 1604 Strict Standards: Declaration of XML_Unserializer::startHandler() should be compatible with XML_Parser::startHandler($xp, $elem, &$attribs) in /home/sites/www.americanpoems.com/web/store/aom/includes/os.php on line 3503 Strict Standards: Declaration of Cache_Lite_File::get() should be compatible with Cache_Lite::get($id, $group = 'default', $doNotTestCacheValidity = false) in /home/sites/www.americanpoems.com/web/store/aom/includes/cache.php on line 1020 American Poems: Jewelry: Lot of 5 Double Gem Belly Rings Steel 14 Gauge (5 Pieces) 14G 3/8 with 1 Belly Retainer Home Apparel Appliances Books DVD Electronics Home & Garden Kindle eBooks Magazines Music Outdoor Living Software Tools & Hardware PC & Video Games Search All Products Apparel Appliances Arts & Crafts Automotive Baby Beauty Books Computers DVD Electronics Gourmet Food Grocery Health Home & Garden Industrial & Science Jewelry Kindle eBooks Kitchen Magazines Miscellaneous Mobile Apps MP3 Downloads Music Musical Instruments Office Products Outdoor Living Pet Supplies Photo & Camera Shoes Software Sporting Goods Tools & Hardware Toys VHS Video On Demand PC & Video Games Watches Wireless Wireless Accessories Advanced Search Sitemap View Cart Checkout Location: Home » Jewelry » Lot of 5 Double Gem Belly Rings Steel 14 Gauge (5 Pieces) 14G 3/8" with 1 Belly Retainer Lot of 5 Double Gem Belly Rings Steel 14 Gauge (5 Pieces) 14G 3/8" with 1 Belly Retainer enlarge Other Views: Brand:BodyJ4You - Belly Rings Category:Jewelry Department:womens List Price: $29.99 Buy New: $0.75 (On sale from $19.99) as of 12/27/2014 15:30 EST details You Save: $19.24 (96%) In Stock Seller:BodyJ4You Color:Silver Color MPN:5-UV-BellyRing Model:5-UV-BellyRing UPC:821700317683 EAN:0821700317683 ASIN:B006X1CE86 Promotion:Data not available Terms and Conditions Promotion:Data not available Terms and Conditions Promotion:Data not available Terms and Conditions Promotion:Data not available Terms and Conditions Promotion:Data not available Terms and Conditions Promotion:Data not available Terms and Conditions Availability:Usually ships in 1-2 business days Features: Color: Silver Highest Quality, 316 L Surgical Stainless Steel. 1 Belly Retainer Stainless Steel Gauge: 14G Size: 3/8" 5 Pieces New 14G Belly Navel Rings Piercing Jewelry (No Duplicates) Similar Items: 14G Crystal Belly Button Ring Bling Comes with Belly Retainer BodyJ4You® Belly Button Rings Piercing with 1 Belly Ring Retainer Pink and Purple Paint Splatter Navel Ring with Large CZ 14G Belly Ring Big Cubic Zirconia Belly Button Ring 14G with 1 Belly Retainer (2pcs) Paint Splatter Navel Ring with Large CZ 14G Editorial Reviews: SynopsisWhat's in a gauge? The most important gauge on belly button rings is the piercing gauge itself; the belly button ring gauge, which indicates the size of the actual piercing within your navel. 14G is the standard belly button ring gauge size. 16G a slightly thinner gauge, is one of the belly ring sizes most often thought of as the other navel ring size. When shopping for a belly button ring, remember to look over Piercing Size Chart to make sure you understand what the measurements actually mean. All of these body jewelry measurements, and specifically, all of these belly button ring sizes, are going to help you determine which belly ring is going to fit and look the best on you. CERTAIN CONTENT THAT APPEARS ON THIS SITE COMES FROM AMAZON SERVICES LLC. THIS CONTENT IS PROVIDED 'AS IS' AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE OR REMOVAL AT ANY TIME. Brought to you by American Poems Categories •Apparel •Appliances •Arts & Crafts •Automotive •Baby •Beauty •Books •Computers •DVD •Electronics •Gourmet Food •Grocery •Health •Home & Garden •Industrial & Science •Jewelry •Kindle eBooks •Kitchen •Magazines •Miscellaneous •Mobile Apps •MP3 Downloads •Music •Musical Instruments •Office Products •Outdoor Living •Pet Supplies •Photo & Camera •Shoes •Software •Sporting Goods •Tools & Hardware •Toys •VHS •Video On Demand •PC & Video Games •Watches •Wireless •Wireless Accessories Subcategories Women •Clothing •Shoes •Jewelry •Watches •Handbags & Wallets •Accessories •Shops Jewelry •Bracelets •Brooches & Pins •Charms •Earrings •Necklaces & Pendants •Rings •Wedding & Engagement Rings Related Categories •Women Departments Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry •Jewelry Novelty Novelty, Costumes & More Departments Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry •Rings Piercing Jewelry Body Jewelry Novelty, Costumes & More Departments

subset: commoncrawl


text:
My great grandma's dumplings
Find a Conversation
|Sun, 11-23-2003 - 9:41pm
2 cups flour
1 teaspoon salt
1 cup milk
2 eggs
1/2 packet dry yeast
1 stick of butter melted
4 pieces of bread cut into cubes
Fry the bread in butter to make crutons. Set aside.
Mix the flour and salt in a large mixing bowl and set aside.
Heat the milk to 110 degrees and add the yeast. LEt sit a few minutes till you see that the yeast is doing it'st hing. (this was where I messed up)
Then beat the eggs into the milk
Pour the milk and egg mixture into the flour. Add the melted butter and mix with a wooden spoon until a thick consistency. shouldstill be easily workable with a spoon. Mix in croutons.
Wet hands and make large size balls (about 2 inch diameter)and drop into boiling water. Cook 20 minutes covered.
There you have it.
|Mon, 11-24-2003 - 12:18am
Diane...how interesting....so, does the dumpling have a bit of crunch with the crouton in it?
|Mon, 11-24-2003 - 10:14am
Yes, you drop them into plain boiling water. They are a side dish on their own. :-)
|Mon, 11-24-2003 - 10:17am
|Wed, 12-10-2003 - 4:58pm


text:
As a parent, you are the ideal teacher to help your child learn about sex. Open communication about sexuality helps your child understand his or her feelings and encourages a positive attitude toward a natural process.
Your explanations should be honest and simple. Because children's cognitive growth is ongoing, a 6-year-old child often is not able to fully grasp the details about sexuality that a child who is about to enter puberty may need to have explained. A good way to gauge children's readiness for information is to first find out what they think the answer might be to their own question. Then provide as little or as much information as you think is needed. Keep your conversations ongoing, so that more sophisticated information can be given at appropriate times.
Some common behaviors and issues to discuss may include:
Many groups, such as Planned Parenthood or those sponsored by your local hospital, offer classes that you can attend with your older child that address sexuality, what to expect during puberty, and similar topics. Enrolling in such a class may make it easier for you to start an ongoing dialogue with your child.
|KidsHealth for Parents, Children, and Teens
|Nemours Home Office
|10140 Centurion Parkway
|Jacksonville, FL 32256
|(904) 697-4100
|Web Address:
This website is sponsored by the Nemours Foundation. It has a wide range of information about children's health—from allergies and diseases to normal growth and development (birth to adolescence). This website offers separate areas for kids, teens, and parents, each providing age-appropriate information that the child or parent can understand. You can sign up to get weekly emails about your area of interest.
|Planned Parenthood Federation of America
|434 West 33rd Street
|New York, NY 10001
(212) 541-7800
|(212) 245-1845
|Web Address:
The Planned Parenthood Federation of American provides comprehensive reproductive health care and consumer information about family planning, sexual health, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
The Teen Talk Web site (www.plannedparenthood.org/teen-talk) has information for teens about dating, teen pregnancy, sexual orientation, gender identity, how teens can protect themselves against STDs, and more.
|Healthwise Staff
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|John Pope, MD - Pediatrics
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Louis Pellegrino, MD - Developmental Pediatrics
|Last Revised
|May 14, 2013
Next Section:Other Places To Get Help
Previous Section:Topic Overview
Next Section:Related Information
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Next Section:Credits
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Last Revised: May 14, 2013
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: John Pope, MD - Pediatrics & Louis Pellegrino, MD - Developmental Pediatrics
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
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text:
USDA Forest Service
Six Rivers National Forest
Ukonom Hotshots
Orleans/Ukonom Ranger District
P.O Box 410, Orleans, CA, 95556
Prior to the National Fire Plan in 2000, the Six Rivers National
Forest's crew history had been comprised only of various BD (Brush
Disposal) and 10-person Initial Attack crews. As part of what became
known as the MEL (Most Efficient Level) build-up, the Six Rivers N.F.
Fire Chief John Wendt and Deputy Forest Fire Chief Kent Swartzlander
decided to replace the 4 districts' existing 10-person IA crews with
Hotshot Crews.
In April of 2003, Six Rivers Crew 2 was formed on the Orleans/Ukonom
Ranger District of the Six Rivers N.F. as a Type 2 IA crew with the
goal of becoming the first certified Hotshot Crew in the History of the
Six Rivers National Forest. Under the leadership of John W. Gibbons, a
veteran of 30+ fire seasons, Crew 2 set upon this mission with great
vigor and enthusiasm. The crew was stationed on the Orleans District
of the Six Rivers, and worked out of the Oak Bottom Fire Station in
Somes Bar on the Ukonom Ranger District of the Klamath N. F. which is
administered by the Six Rivers N.F.
The first couple of years of the crew's development had their share of
highs and lows. The crew was able to reach Type 1 status in July of
2004, but fell short on their first attempt at Hotshot certification
that August. To complicate matters, the crew lost one of their founding
Squad Bosses, Robert Shufelt, to a serious back injury. However, the
crew never lost sight of their goals, persevered through these setbacks,
and began to establish a solid reputation within the firefighting
2005 the decision was made to adopt the name of the Ukonom district and
the crew became known as the Ukonom Handcrew. The "Coyote that steals
the fire", a prominent character in local Karuk tribal lore, was
incorporated into the crew logo. In 2006, Supt. Gibbons was forced by
retirement law to leave the federal service with 33 years of
firefighting experience. Captain John Cataldo was then promoted to
Superintendent, and Squad Boss Keith Smith was promoted to Captain, and
the process of building towards Hotshot status was continued.
May of 2008, a USFS Region 5 Safety First Hotshot Crew Certification
Team comprised of Team Leader Don Will, Salmon River IHC Superintendent
Jimmy Allen, and subject-matter-expert Ed Merrill performed an intensive
2-day evaluation of the Ukonom Handcrew. On May 22, 2008 the Ukonom
Hotshots were certified as the 1st Hotshot Crew in the
history of the Six Rivers National Forest, the 15th in Northern
California, the 41st in Region 5, and the 105th
Hotshot Crew in the Nation.
April of 2010, after 8 years of confusion and debate within the USFS
Region 5 Hotshot community as to whether the Hotshot crews that were
certified within the region as part of the MEL build-up were to be
considered Interagency or Regional Hotshot Crews, the Washington Office
issued a directive that all Hotshot crews in Region 5 are to be
identified as Interagency Hotshot Crews. Ukonom IHC is dedicated to
earning that designation every day through hard work and strict
adherence to our core values of Safety, Duty, Respect, Integrity, and
The Ukonom Interagency Hotshot Crew prides itself on having an
exceptional work ethic that dates back to the early days of Hotshot
crews, and are always willing to put in the extra chain of line, and be
first ones up and the last ones off the hill each day.
Squad Leaders
Robert D. Shufelt 2003-2004
Joseph S. Kennedy 2003-2005
Keith R. Smith 2006
Dale A. Mendes 2007 – 2010
Zachary W. Allen 2006 – 2011
Thomas J. Hawkins 2011 – Present
Alexander M. Miyagishima 2011-Present
John P. Cataldo 2003-2006
Randall E. Nulph 2003 – 2009
Keith R. Smith 2006 –2010
Donald C. Perez 2010
Dale A. Mendes 2011 –Present
Robert McConnell Jr.
2012 - Present
John W. Gibbons 2003 -2006
John P. Cataldo 2006 – 2010
Keith R. Smith 2011 – Present


text:
I love that a little product goes a long way, it blends really well, and it has buildable coverage.
I didn't like the staying power and unfortunately it caused me to break out. I tried it with and without primer and used my favorite setting powder. I couldn't make it work for me.
I'm NC/NW10 and I used Porcelain (the lightest shade). It's a pretty good match, but perhaps slightly too dark.
Its should be reformulated and not called 'oil free' but other than that, it is a perfect match for my NC50is skin. I hope it doesnt get dry like mac studio tech, and i love that it states the same color up till the end of the day. lasting power is awesome, but it tends to stain. I use imans blotting powder over it, or bobbi's sheer in basic brown to set it, or Laura mercier, whatever tickles me fancy.
As others have said, this glides on like a dream. I use this esp when I want to use cream blush because it will blend beautifully. I also love the convenience - it's swipe and go, no fuss and it doesn't accentuate the flaky bits even though it's supposed to be cream to powder. The colour match is practically perfect (I think it's Sand for my NC20/25).
Having said that, I'm a bit of a foundation whore and I don't like this enough compared to others I've tried to buy it again. First, the coverage is pretty light and doesn't cover acne well so I can only wear this on "good" days. Second, it never really "sets" so if you're going to be out all day, expect it to wear off. Or add some powder (which I don't do cos I'm laaaaazy). Price-wise, it's pretty steep considering the amount of product. I got mine off strawberry cosmetics at a discount but wouldn't pay full price for it.
First of all, don't let the fact that I won't buy it again deter you if you have the $$$ to spend.
I have always had trouble finding an oil-free compact foundation that matches my skin-tone exactly. For those of you with darker skin, the match is great. It also glides on, and provides good coverage without looking cakey. It did a great job of covering up my blemishes and occasional red spot on my face.
I loved that it takes less than a minute to apply-for those of you who don't have a lot of time in the morning, it's perfect. My only concern is the price- in Indonesia, it costs over 50USD. If I use it everyday in the morning, it runs out in approximately 3 weeks. So, it's very pricey. I decided the last time it started to run out, that I needed to find a cheaper option.
Like I said, if you have the bucks for it or perhaps don't want to use it every day, it's a good product for darker women with oily skin who don't want to spend a lot of time on their makeup.
I got this in natural tan to my surprise it matches my skin perfectly (I have a yellow undertone so its near impossible to find the right color ) being tired of foundations leaving my face pink I decided to give this a try. The compact is huge but it looks real nice n it has a big mirror wich I love . The coverage Is great my face looks flawless covers the redness n even my birthmark (that's how good the coverage is) It leaves a dewy finish look real natural. Hasn't broke me out yet like anyother foundation make sure you remove it before goin to bed I'm sure you won't have problems with breakouts that way... Over all I love it, the coverage is great and you don't even need to apply that much product.
I wanted to love this so much, I really did. After reading rave reviews on what it can do for oily-skinned girls I lusted after this and finally picked it up. But sadly it disappointed me and broke my heart. The packaging is gorgeous and high-quality (if not a bit bulky) and houses a generous mirror and a sponge underneath the pan of product. The foundation itself feels wonderfully smooth and light to the touch, with an almost cream-to-powder texture, but the horrid thing about it is that it clings to every flake of dry skin and pools around each pore like some sadistic, frightening, flaw-magnifier. Even when my skin is hydrated and in relatively good condition, even when I moisturize properly and prime, I just cannot get a flawless (or even decent) finish out of this. I've tried everything from applying with my fingertips to buffing with a flat-top brush to blending with a sponge, but the results still end up a patchy, cakey-looking disaster. I paid $23 for the full-sized, which is much cheaper than retail but still a pretty penny to me, so I want to at least get some use out of this... I'm going to try using it as a color-corrector for redness underneath my HG liquid foundation (Sally Hansen Your Skin Foundation in Eccru Beige). I'm an NC20 and BB in Sand #2 matches me very well so I'm hoping I can finagle a technique to make this work. I'll be back to update.
I have olive undertones and moderate acne scars and discoloration so a light to medium coverage is what I was looking for. This product gives a light natural coverage however, it doesn't stay on very well and is easily smeared and wiped off. So easily that touching your face results in almost removing the makeup. The finish is also shiny despite being oil free.
UPDATE 2/18/10: Sadly, this is not my HG. The shade does match my yellow skin fairly well. It can almost look like I am not wearing any foundation on. I noticed that if my skin has been pretty good, this looks and applies really well. I have noticed that this has the tendency to dry my cheeks and can accentuate dry areas. Because this is a cream foundation, it's easy to have a tendency to pile on when your blemishes are not fully covered. If you have fairly good skin that is combo/oily, this looks like it may work for you.
I wanted to try Bobbi Brown foundations just because it was recommended as one with the most yellow tones. It's been really hard for me to find the right matching foundation because of my yellow undertone. I've tried everything from chanel to mac to drugstore brands (i'm still willing to try Dior). but so far, this has given me the most radiant but matching finish. MAC did match me fairly well and for the longest time I thought it was the best that I was going to get. but after trying this, my face looked more radiant and just brighter (something that Mac has not done for me so far). I thought of getting the liquid foundation but after trying this, I couldn't really seem to notice the difference between the two so i opted to try this just for the sake of it. Looks pretty good so far.
More reviews by thursdayschildx
This was the first non-mineral foundation I have tried in years, as I wanted to get a creme or liquid foundation because I have moderate acne and wanted a higher coverage:( I went straight to the Bobbi Brown counter because I had heard that they had a wide range of colours (I'm super pale too!), and the SA suggested this foundation in Porcelain because it was very high coverage, and oil free. And despite paying $75 (australian)I was so happy with it I was almost skipping home!
When I applied it the next day though, I panicked. Not only was there far less in the compact than I had thought (yet surprise! there was a sponge underneath) but when I first applied it it looked far too cakey and orangey, and it seemed to settle around any problem areas. Disappointed, I set it with powder and left it on to see how it would last the day. The one thing that pleased me at first was the coverage- one swipe with a brush and you could barely see my acne.
Well, what can I say? My bad first impression was totally wrong! Within 1/2 and hour I came back to the mirror and I couldn't believe how flawless my skin looked- and dewy instead of oily. The colour was almost an exact match (far better than other non-mineral foundations I have used), although I wish this came in Alabaster- BB's lightest shade in other foundations- but I am probably just being fussy. Even better- it stayed on all day, looking as fresh as ever! It is, expectedly, heavier than my mineral makeup, but noting I can't cope with. I guess I just had to let it settle into my face for a bit.
The big test is whether it will make me break out even more- so I'll let you know. Overall, I will continue to use my fabulous Lilly Lolo in Porcelain during the day, but this will be great at night when I need a slightly darker colour (LL makes me look like a ghost at night!) and better coverage. I know there are some awful reviews, but give this a try- it could be worth it!
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I am NC30 (NC35 when darker), and #3.5 Warm Sands suits my yellow undertone very well, it's not heavily yellow that turns your skin orange-ish, it's just a yellowish shade that brightens. The shade matches very well, only, I can't really seem to compromise with its texture.
It's a thick creamy foundation that once applied will turn to powdery finish with medium coverage. I never tried applying it with brush since I don't have any proper brush yet, but when I'm applying with sponge, it instantly gives medium coverage which I think is good for those who needs to cover here and there.
I don't find it cakey actually, and when I finish them with MAC Blot Powder (in medium) the skin will look polished in a matte finish. Until, a few hours, it starts to blend to your skin (may I say, oxidize. It doesn't turn into a muddy dull shade anyway), leaving a semi dewy skin, but, unfortunately, I find it enhancing unwanted features on my skin. It fails to give me flawless texture and cover horrible pores after a while. I guess you need to have a perfect skin to have this work, because I bet, if you have a superb surface, this will turn your skin into a beautiful dewy finish.
I have tried it with primer (Monistat and Pureluxe) but it just doesn't seem to work. Instead, I got some small rashes, guess it's because I've managed to block my pores :|


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Register for the March 1st NOLA NFSC!
Registration for the March 1st New Orleans Nike Football SPARQ Combine is NOW OPEN. Click here to register now and learn more about the 2014 NFSC Tour. Who: Class of 2015, 2016 and 2017 high...
Portland NFSC All-Combine Team
Over 500 athletes attended the Portland Nike Combine hosted at Tigard High School. Here is a look at the 23 standout performers from 10 different state who make up the Portland...
Oakland NFSC All-Combine Team
Over 1,000 athletes attended the Oakland Nike Combine hosted at Laney College. Here is a look at the 23 standout performers who make up the Oakland All-Combine Team including RB Mitchell Layton (pictured),...
Photos: Nike Football SPARQ Combine, Massillon
Here are some of the action photos from the Nike Football SPARQ Combine.


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Capital Markets
Company Overview of Wind Point Partners
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH E. Kears Pollock *
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MOST CONNECTED PEOPLE TO E. Kears Pollock
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To contact Wind Point Partners, please visit . Company data is provided by Capital IQ. Please use this form to report any data issues.
Our data partners will research the update request and update the information on this page if necessary. Research and follow-up could take several weeks. If you have questions, you can contact them at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Black Friday customers shop 'til they drop
Black Friday lived up to its reputation as the busiest shopping day of the year.
Jacksonville shoppers were lined up in front of stores late Thursday and early Friday morning, eager to take advantage of bargain prices.
"We came last night to the door buster sale at Wal-Mart, about 10 p.m.," said shopper John Youmans. "After that, we went in, went to bed and got up this morning. Came back about 7:30 a.m. and we [have] been here ever since."
Channel 4 scoped out all the hot shopping spots on Friday. Shoppers gathered at St. Johns Town Center, Orange Park Mall, Regency Square Mall and the Avenues Mall.
By early afternoon, shoppers said they were near the end of their sprint for sales.
"I've been really successful actually. There's a lot of good sales and I've been up probably since 9 o'clock last night. [I] like that it opens at different times because then it's not as crowded around here," one shopper said.
Nearing the end of the day, some shoppers got a second wind, thrilled to be part of the post-Thanksgiving shopping day.
"I love the deals on Black Friday. We actually got front row parking, too, so it's been nice," said shopper Ally Schmitt.
Copyright 2012 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Early ed pilots off to encouraging start
Scholarship approach appeals to parents, providers,
Minneapolis Star Tribune, August 10, 2008
Saving the Future, Twin Cities Business, January 2008
Business leaders are lining up to support a plan that promises a bigger, brighter work force by focusing on early childhood development, particularly for at-risk youngsters.
Minnesota Plan Gives Scholarships for Child Care,
National Public Radio (NPR), October 26, 2007
A Hot Tip from the Icy Plains, The Boston Globe, September 8, 2007.
Economist Arthur Rolnick has a tip for states: Forget spending public money on sports stadiums or incentives to attract companies. "I can get you a better return," he said. But states don't have to take Rolnick's word. They can judge by watching a preschool experiment being run by Rolnick and the Minnesota Early Learning Foundation.
Preschool Gets High Marks in Poverty Fight,
Universal preschool has taken off as politicians look for relatively inexpensive ways to tackle the growing rich-poor gap in the U.S.
Wall Street Journal, August 9, 2007
Boosting Economy from Infancy, St. Paul Pioneer Press,
March 25, 2007
A Push For Early Learning, Minneapolis StarTribune, February 7, 2007 Proponents for spending millions to prepare tens of thousands of Minnesota children for school are bringing muscle and momentum to the 2007 Legislature, but competition for funding is fierce.
The Level and Distribution of Economic Well-Being, speech by Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke, February 6, 2007.
"Although education and the acquisition of skills is a lifelong process, starting early in life is crucial. Recent research—some sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis in collaboration with the
University of Minnesota—has documented the high returns that early childhood programs can pay in terms of subsequent educational attainment and in lower rates of social problems, such as teenage pregnancy and welfare dependency."
Parenting is the pivotal factor, The Herald, Glasgow, Scotland
A report published today reveals early development in children is vital and the benefits are lifelong. So why is it still marginalised and underfunded? January 23, 2007.
Going Beyond Head Start, BusinessWeek Online, October 23, 2006
The Dollars and Cents of Investing Early: Cost-Benefit Analysis in Early Care and Education, Zero to Three, July 2006
Try scholarships for early childhood ed: Art Rolnick's idea is ready for a large-scale test, Minneapolis StarTribune, July 26, 2006
Early Childhood Education: Do Enthusiasts Exaggerate What It Can Do?
Ron Haskins and Art Rolnick Discussion, American Experiment Forum, July 2006 [PDF]
The Best Investment We Can Make, Art Rolnick Interview,
Children of the Code
Catch 'em Young, The Wall Street Journal, January 10, 2006
Of Human Capital, Minnesota Monthly, January 2006
The Minneapolis Fed's Art Rolnick believes investing in kids pays off. In fact, he's done the math.
Invest in early education, reap economic rewards, The Arizona Republic, April 10, 2005 [Op-ed by Rob Grunewald and Art Rolnick]
Early help builds future workers, Minneapolis StarTribune, July 19, 2004
Child's work, St. Paul Pioneer Press, June 27, 2004
Legislature could learn from advice on readying kids for school, Minneapolis StarTribune, June 20, 2004
What Minnesota really needs, Art Rolnick and Rob Grunewald,
St. Paul Pioneer Press, June 17, 2004
Execs hone focus on school readiness, Minneapolis StarTribune,
April 21, 2004
Foundation begins 'Invest Early Childhood' initiative,
Grand Rapids Herald-Review, March 31,2004
Schools: Give all kids a head start, Sacramento Bee, March 14, 2004
Editorial: Vouchers won't save kids after a bad start,
Minneapolis StarTribune, January 10, 2004
Editorial: Mitchell B. Pearlstein: Best 'investment' is school choice,
Minneapolis StarTribune, January 4, 2004
Editorial: A solid start/Expand state's commitment,
Minneapolis StarTribune, December 16, 2003
Editorial: Good for business/A call for leadership on pre-K,
Minneapolis StarTribune, December 15, 2003
Grunewald and Rolnick: Ready to learn, Minneapolis StarTribune, December 14, 2003
'Invest in kids' taken literally, St. Paul Pioneer Press, October 24, 2003
Preschool called good for kids and economy, Minneapolis Star Tribune, October 15, 2003


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Klaus Knopper answers your questions
Ask Klaus!
I am new to Linux and I enjoy Fedora. I have been able to conquer many tasks, but one is really beating me up. I do not want to go back to Windows, but right now I have two Linux systems that I would like to network to transfer files and share printers. Please help.
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TGXf Project Warns of File Transfer through Screen Pixels
Weird data transfer technique avoids all standard security measures.
Industry Giants Announce a Fix for the Password Mess
FIDO alliance declares the beginning of the end for old-style login authentication.
Poll: Vote for the Best Open Source Software for Photographers
The Linux New Media Awards have honored the most significant products, projects, people, and organizations for open source/Linux every year since 2000.
Debian Gets Forked
Legendary Uber-distro splits over the systemd controversy.
Linux Mint Project Releases Mint 17.1
New LTS version offers many refinements for the Cinnamon and Mate desktops and significant improvement under the hood.
CeBIT Open Source Forum Call for Papers
One of CeBIT's most successful forums returns in 2015.
TOR Network Isn't So Anonymous
A new study says it is possible to unmask 81% of TOR users.
.NET Goes Open Source
Redmond joins the revolution by turning the .NET Core Runtime into a GitHub project.
Drupal Advisory Unleashes a Torrent of Attacks
Users only had 7 hours to update before the intrusions started.
HTML5 Gets Promoted to a Standard
It's official: The new web arrives


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Chase in city ends in crashSeptember 02,2014Chase in city
ends in crash
An early morning car chase in Rutland City over the weekend ended with a crash into a home on Stratton Road, according to Rutland Police.
At about 12:30 a.m. Sunday, city police tried to stop a Audi sedan seen leaving what police described as a known drug location on Woodstock Avenue.
Rather than stop, the driver, who police say was Jason Davis, of Rutland, sped up, fleeing down East Street. Davis allegedly failed to stop at a number of stop signs on East Street and Jackson Avenue. The chase turned onto Stratton Road where Davis car allegedly went off the road while trying to traverse an intersection and crashed into a home and a tree at 172 Stratton Road.
Davis was uninjured in the crash, however police said passenger Carissa Redfield was taken by Regional Ambulance Service to Rutland Regional Medical Center where a spokeswoman said she was treated and released. Davis dog was also injured and was taken to the Rutland Veterinary Clinic, police said.
Davis, whose license was criminally suspended, was jailed on $15,000 bail.
He is scheduled to appear in Rutland criminal court today to answer to charges of eluding police, driving with a suspended license and gross negligent operation of a motor vehicle.MORE IN This Just InBURLINGTON - The Auxiliary Bishop of Indianapolis has been appointed the 10th Bishop of... Full StoryCandlelight vigils held to raise awareness for the homeless take place all over the country each... Full StoryAfter years of steadfast promises, Gov. Full Story
- Most Popular
- Most Emailed
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Vermont Gas Systems puts Phase 2 on hold as the latest estimate for Phase 1 takes a 27 percent leap upward, to a total of $157 million; U.S. Attorney Tristram Coffin quits for job with private firm; police cite man in pot bust.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: In 1972, Christmas bombing of North Vietnam ordered by President Richard Nixon, most lethal strikes of the war; in 1989, U.S. invades Panama to depose, arrest and charge Gen. Manuel Noriega with drug trafficking, racketeering.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Gov. Peter Shumlin announces demise of his single-payer health insurance initiative; convicted first-degree murderer Alan Prue sentenced to 50 years for killing teacher Melissa Jenkins; veterans chafed about park naming snub.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: In 497 BC, first Saturnalia festival celebrated in Rome, Scandinavians retain 'Yule Goat' as symbol of season, Krampus, evil side of holiday cheer, terrorizes children into better behavior, more advice from Christopher Hitchens.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: In 533 AD, Byzantine Emperor Justinian I gets the old empire back together again routing the Vandals from Carthage; in 1890, Lakota Chief Sitting Bull is killed at his home in South Dakota; in 1970, Soviets land probe on Venus.
- DUANE CARLETON: Rutland Herald Events Editor George Nostrand interviews musician Duane Carleton, whose new CD 'A GIRL LIKE THAT' drops Thursday, Dec. 18, 2014, and will be celebrated that evening with a show at 9:30 p.m. at Killington's Pickle Barrel.


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From Sunlen Miller:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is using first lady Michelle Obama's image in a new ad campaign, dubbed "fur-free and fabulous" without the White House's permission. The first lady's office says that they did not give PETA consent to use Michelle Obama's image in their ad campaign, which this week popped up on buses and metro stations across Washington, D.C. The ads feature Obama's official White House portrait, as well as photos of Oprah Winfrey, Carrie Underwood, and Tyra Banks under the words "fur-free and fabulous." The first lady's office has contacted PETA and informed them that they did not have their consent to use the first lady's image in the campaign. PETA will not be pulling the ads, though. "We haven't asked the White House to fund or promote the campaign, as they can't do such things, but the fact is that Michelle Obama has issued a statement indicating that she doesn't wear fur, and the world should know that in PETA's eyes, that makes her pretty fabulous," Ingrid Newkirk, PETA's President said in a statement issued to ABC News. White House deputy press secretary for the first lady, Semonti Stephens, says that indeed, "Mrs. Obama does not wear fur," but that the issue is over permission of Mrs. Obama's image.This isn't the first run-in between the White House and PETA. In June, Mr. Obama's rather public killing of a fly during a TV interview, led PETA to issue a statement pleading for the president to show compassion for even the smallest animals.And this also isn't the first time a member of the Obama family has been used in an ad campaign without the White House's permissionIn August, the White House's lawyers contacted the nonprofit Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine and asked them to take down posters that mentioned the Obama daughters in their healthy school campaign ads.– Sunlen Miller
Fur-Free? Yes. Fabulous? The White House Says, No. PETA Using FLOTUS Image Without Permission
Jan 5, 2010 7:14pm
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Baby Quilt Patterns for Boys: Fun Projects
There is nothing quite as sweet as a handmade baby quilt. Not only are they fun to create, they are beloved and cherished by the recipients, making a truly special gift. As a quilter, what is so great about creating baby quilts? They are small and take less time to make than larger quilts! Since they aren't too big, they are the perfect quilting project for trying new patterns and techniques.
Adorable quilts for baby boys can be hard to find, so today let's look at just that! The below patterns are perfect for that special little boy in your life, and are all found here, on Craftsy!
Here is a roundup of eight beautiful baby quilt patterns for boys
Photo via Carolyn Hughey
Airplanes in primary colors framed in a triangle border are the perfect choice for a little boy. Foundation piecing, appliqué, and bias binding are skills used to create the Flyboy quilt. Pull out your scraps for this one! Get the pattern.
Photo via Patchwork Posse
What little boy doesn't love gears and sprockets? Learn to make the Sprocket quilt using quick quilt piecing techniques, no templates involved! Use your favorite jelly roll or cut up your own strips. Get the pattern.
Photo via PamelaQuilts
Create this adorable Monkey Around baby quilt using two different sizes of monkey wrench blocks! Pair your favorite children's novelty print with coordinating solids to create a fun baby quilt out of a traditional block. Get the pattern.
Photo via Squirrely Girl Designs
Owls are a big hit for baby quilts! This It's a Hoot quilt features cuddly, sleepy owls and letters fused and appliquéd over a simply pieced background. If you are new to appliqué, this project is perfect for you! Get the pattern.
Photo via Cora's Quilts
Classic pinwheels blocks and sashing in masculine colors create a timeless baby boy quilt. Chain piece the blocks to come up with a quick Puppy Dog Tails quilt top. This classic pattern will never go out of style. Get the pattern.
Photo via asquaredw
Try your hand at Y-seams! This modern quilt top features framed hexagons and beautiful negative space. The trendy Heximetry quilt is perfect for any little boy and his modern mama. Get the pattern.
Photo via Don't Call Me Betsy
Use this Xs and Os quilt to shower a new baby boy with hugs and kisses! Use simple quilting techniques, like flip and stitch squares and half square triangles. Get the pattern.
Photo via Pleasant Valley Creations
Squares and nine patch blocks work together to form a this classic diamond patch baby boy quilt. If you are new to quilting, this project provides the perfect place to start. Triangle borders are included in the row construction, making this a quick and easy project! Get the pattern.
I hope that you enjoyed this selection of baby boy quilts! Make sure to take a look at our cute baby quilt patterns for girls, too!
Is there one baby boy quilt particular that has caught your eye? What is your favorite quilt pattern for baby boys?
Related Posts
15 Minute Desserts: Speedy Sweets Not to be Missed Next Post
Seam Series: Zigzag and 3-Step Zigzag Seam Finishing
Wow I really like the aeroplanes (Fly boy) quilt. My next project is to make a beautiful cot quilt. We have a new baby boy in the family and I have a huge stash of scraps so would be ideal.xxx
Anyone have a simple bike block for a baby quilt?
i do a lot of quilt myself i am doing a little girls dressers


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Photo Credit: EMMANUEL DUNAND/AFP
Venus Williams shocked the tennis world on Wednesday when she announced that she was dropping out of the U.S. Open, citing medical issues related to an autoimmune disorder.
The tennis champ, 31, who already holds 21 Grand Slam titles, released a statement on Aug. 31 explaining that she's dealing with an "ongoing medical condition" called Sjögren's Syndrome, a chronic autoimmune disease that causes extreme fatigue, joint pain, and even neurological problems like memory loss and concentration issues.
"I'm really disappointed to have to withdraw from this year's U.S. Open," Williams said in the statement. Despite being unseeded in the tournament for the first time since her debut there in 1997, Williams won her first-round match on Monday and was slated to face off againt 21-year-old German Sabine Lisicki in the second round. Unfortunately, it was not to be.
Williams last won the U.S. Open, which is played in Flushing Meadows, Queens, back-to-back in 2000 and 2001 -- and her health-related exit makes tennis fans wonder if she'll be able to keep competing.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Dr. Eric Matteson, chairman of the rheumatology department at the Mayo Clinic, said Sjögren's causes fatigue but can do much more.
"It can cause joint pain and joint swelling," he said. "It can cause nerve disease in the hands and legs and even affect the central nervous system and cause kidney disease and lung disease."
But Williams seems optimistic she'll get back on the court: "I enjoyed playing my first match here and I wish I could continue but right now I am unable to," she said. "I am thankful that I finally have a diagnosis and am now focused on getting better and returning to the court soon."


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Submit your question below about any cosmetic procedure to be considered for posting with an answer from one of our board-certified plastic surgeons.
If your question is about the cost of a procedure, click here. For referral to a qualified surgeon in your area, see find a surgeon.
Note: ASAPS cannot give advice about specific medical problems nor should answers provided by responding surgeons be substituted for a complete medical history, work-up and an in-personal medical/surgical consultation. Sorry we can't answer all questions. We try to select questions that have the widest general interest.
How long must you continue with Botox treatments for glabella lines?
I am 34 years old and am considering Botox injections for my frown lines between my eyes. However, Botox is quite pricey and I will not be able to afford treatments for years and years. Would the frown muscles not become "de-trained," or inactive after a few (5 or 6) treatments? I do not want to waste my money if the treatments will not help in the long run.
The effects of Botox are temporary and usually only last 3 to 6 months. It is unlikely that Botox treatments will have the long term effect you desire. However, there are several different surgeries that can ablate frown line muscles.
Gary R. Culbertson, MD, FACS
How to Make Botox Last.
Although Botox is relatively short acting (3-7 months, with an average of 5), if injected continuously before the muscle recovers any function for about 18 months or a little longer, the muscle can atrophy and cease or markedly reduce function. This may be enough to satisfy you. You may thereafter need injections only occasionally. The other option is a surgical procedure to remove the muscle. This can be done through several approaches. See an experienced surgeon to discuss your options.
Lifespan of Recurrent Botox Treatments – Botox usually lasts 3-4 months. After repeated Botox injections over a time period of several years, it may extend up to 4-6 months as the muscles tend to atrophy. However, they do not completely atrophy or go away. Repeated Botox injections diminish the strength and need for Botox treatment from 3-4 times per year to twice a year.


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January 9-10-11, 2015
January 23-24-25, 2015
Madison Comic Con
February 6-7-8, 2015
Indianapolis Comic Con
February 13-14-15, 2015
Cleveland Comic Con
February 20-21-22, 2015
Bruce Campbells Horror Fest
March 6-7-8, 2015
Raleigh Comic Con
March 13-14-15, 2015
Las Vegas Comic Con
April 24-25-26, 2015
Minneapolis Comic Con
May 1-2-3, 2015
Philadelphia Comic Con
May 7-8-9-10, 2015
St. Louis Comic Con
May 22-23-24, 2015
Greenville Comic Con
May 29-30, 2015
Des Moines Comic Con
June 12-13-14, 2015
Sacramento Comic Con
June 19-20-21, 2015
Richmond Comic Con
July 31 - August 1-2, 2015
Chicago Comic Con
August 20-21-22-23, 2015
San Jose Comic Con
September 4-5-6, 2015
Ohio Comic Con
Sept. 18-19-20, 2015
Nashville Comic Con
September 25-26-27, 2015
Fort Lauderdale Comic Con
October 2-3-4, 2015
Tulsa Comic Con
October 23-24-25, 2015
Austin Comic Con
October 30-31, 2015
Louisville Comic Con
November 6-7-8, 2015
Reno Comic Con
November 20-21-22, 2015
San Antonio Comic Con
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This Hulk isnt computer generated! The massive Ferrigno is the one and only Incredible Hulk from the CBS TV series. Hes also a world-class body builder who gained international fame by becoming the youngest competitor (at age 20) to ever win the Mr. Universe title. You also might have seen this 65, 275-pound titan make a cameo in 2003s Hulk movie or the hit CBS sitcom King of Queens.
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Villa in Garrao Algarve Vale do Lobo
Official Contact Details - Villa in Garrao Algarve
Luxury 3 bedroom Villa with pool and sea views located in Vale do Garrao, between Vale do Lobo and Quinta do Lago.
- Price from 115 GBP / Day
- Capacity up to 6 people
- 3 bedrooms & 3 bathrooms
(click on a photo to view it)
Last updated: 06/24/2009
This is your property ?
Luxury three bedroom villa, 200m from the beach with private pool situated in Vale do Garrao between the well known resorts of Quinta de Lago and Vale do Lobo. The villa is in a front line position with sea views. Access through its own gate onto the 10,000 acre conservation park which leads to the beach. On the ground floor, a fully fitted modern kitchen equipped with dishwasher, washing machine, tumble dryer, microwave, gas hob, electric oven, American style fridge freezer with ice maker, etc. A spacious open lounge with log burning fireplace, 42' plasma screen, DVD and satellite television. Dining area with large 8 seater table leading to two bedrooms, both with side by side single beds and new en-suite bathrooms. On the first floor, an exquisite master bedroom - suite - with king size bed, fireplace, double sofa bed and new en-suite bathroom. There are also glass doors opening to a spacious patio giving access to the roof terrace with dining space and sea views.
Ideally situated between Vale do Lobo and Quinta de Lago, the villa has several famous golf courses within 5 minutes drive, beautiful sandy beaches accessible by foot and great shopping & nightclubs in the surrounding area. There are an abundance of activities for all ages available on the beach and great waterfront restaurants serve lunch and dinner with fresh fish and delicious Portuguese wine year round. The area makes a great place for a family holiday or a romantic, sunset holiday for a couple.
Prices & deals
- Lowest Daily Price:
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- Lowest Weekly Price:
- Highest Weekly Price:
- Cleaning fee:
- Charging Method:
- Payment Types:
- Cash
- Credit Card
- Cheque
- Travellers cheque
- Paypal
- Wire Transfer
Location & area
Located in Vale do Garrao, between the well known resorts of Vale do Lobo and Quinta do Lago. Very close to the beach - around 300 metres.
- Address:
- 8135, Vale do Lobo, Algarve, Portugal
- Accommodation located in:
- coastal, leisure area, near cultural interest, near diving spot, near fishing area, near golf course, near historical interest, near horse riding, near restaurants & bars, near shopping area, near tennis courts, near the beach, near water sports, resort, village!
Amenities & services
# of Units: 1... and each unit includes:
- Bedrooms: 3
- Bathrooms: 3
- Single beds: 4
- Double beds: 1
- Baby cots: 0
- Single sofa beds: 1
- Double sofa beds: 0
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- Safe:
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Review - Villa in Garrao Algarve
Villa in Garrao Algarve - Contact the owner
Important Notice : Avoiding Fraud
It's rare, but some helpful hints to watch out for with regards to fraud:
- It is important to NEVER wire funds or use/employ other fund transfer mechanisms such as western union: Always use a credit card to protect yourself against fraud. If owners pressure you into providing a deposit or refuse to accept credit cards, there is a high probability that this is a scam.
- If at all suspicious of fraud, ask to see their website, or any other literature they can provide or send to you. Ask them for contact details for guests who have previously stayed on their property insisting on telephone numbers. Be suspicious of emails that originate from free email services (yahoo, hotmail, gmail, etc)
- Research the property thoroughly on the internet to see if there is any history or mention of scams associated with the property.


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Rossignol X-Tour Venture Jr AR Ski - Kids'View Larger Image
The ski to hook them early, and keep them gliding and happy.
On the Rossignol Kids X-Tour Venture Jr AR Ski your little one will kick, glide, and skate down groomed Nordic trails with ease. The Venture's wood core uses air channels to keep this ski light and maneuverable so as not to wear out young legs. A medium-soft flex and durable cap construction creates a stable platform for exploring the track and means that this ski will last more than a single season. Leave the wax iron for your alpine skis thanks to the waxless base that effortlessly glides on the flat, and grips on the ascents.