text: Pre-Retirees Save Nearly 15% of Pay By Stephen Miller, CEBS 5/27/2013 Pre-retirees (age 55 or older) who were with their current employer 10 years or more contributed an average of 10.3 percent of their annual salary to their 401(k) accounts during the first quarter of 2013—more than 2 percentage points higher than the average 8 percent for all workers. These contributions, combined with pre-retirees' average employer contribution of 4.5 percent, brought their average total contribution rate to 14.8 percent, according to Fidelity Investments' most recent quarterly analysis of the 401(k) accounts it manages. Furthermore, 14.4 percent of pre-retirees made 401(k) catch-up contributions during the first quarter. Beginning in the year they turn 50, employees can make catch-up contributions of up to $5,500 per year in addition to their 402(g) annual contribution limit, which is $17,500 for 2013. The average balance for pre-retirees reached $255,000 by the end of the first quarter of 2013—that's nearly double since the market low during the first quarter of 2009, when their balance dipped to $130,700. Staying Invested Pays Off "The basic savings principles we encourage workers to adopt, such as saving consistently and holding a balanced portfolio with an appropriate exposure to equities [stock investments] even when close to retirement, were key factors in driving better outcomes since 2009," said James M. MacDonald, the president of Workplace Investing at Fidelity. "It's important to continually remind employees that sticking to this savings philosophy may not always reward in the short term but may over the long term." Unlike pre-retirees who stayed the course, the small percentage (1.6 percent) who abandoned equities for cash or fixed income (bond) investments as the stock market plunged in late 2008 through early 2009, and never rebalanced back into equities, experienced much more modest growth. Their account balances increased 25.9 percent from $80,200 at the end of the first quarter of 2009 to $101,000 by the end of the first quarter of 2013. "There is a valuable lesson to be learned from the minority of pre-retirees who abandoned equities altogether and experienced significantly less progress" as the stock market rebounded after 2008-09 and hit new highs in 2013, said MacDonald. "It underscores the combined importance of a proper asset allocation and savings behavior as they planned for retirement." Also critical to account growth were continued contributions made by both the employee and the employer, which accounted for one-third of the increase in workers' average account balance, according to Fidelity. Stephen Miller, CEBS, is an online editor/manager for SHRM. Related Articles: Match Thresholds and Default Rates Affect Savings, SHRM Online Benefits, May 2013 Changes in 401(k) Plans Spur Higher Participation, SHRM Online Benefits, October 2012 Encourage Employees to Defer Adequate Pay to Their 401(k), SHRM Online Benefits, May 2012 Quick Links: SHRM Online Benefits pageSHRM Online Retirement Plans Resource Page • Keep up with the latest news. Sign up for SHRM's free Compensation & Benefits e-newsletter Obtain reuse/copying permission Related Content PBGC Eases 401(k) Rollovers to Traditional Pensions Millennials' Under-Saving Nixes Full Company Match Domestic Partner Benefits: How does the Pension Protection Act benefit domestic partners? Employee Stock Plans Provide 401(k) Loan Alternative Small 401(k) Plans Face Low Participation ADVERTISING LINKS


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Winning over the four million people who live along its route, is key to winning the US election.
For retirees, one of the largest groups living in the state, the future of social welfare programmes like Medicaid, is a huge issue.
Al Jazeera's Andy Gallacher reports from Daytona Beach.
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text:
Sof Sole Airr Orthotic Insole
Product Information:
Superior cushioning and stability give you the clear cut edge with the Sof Sole ® Airr Orthotic Insole. Polymer gel and energy rebound foam offer unmatched cushioning and response to each powerful stride, whether it's on the field or in the gym. Reinforced stability plates and IMPLUS ® foam shock absorption ease the pressure on your foot and Hydrologix ™ moisture management keeps you cool, comfortable and focused on pure domination.
For additional information relating to the Manufacturer's Warranty, please contact 1-800-446-7587.
- Polymer Gel for ultimate cushioning
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- Dynamic gel forefoot cushioning
- Maximum Air Cushioning ideal for strenuous training and competition
- Full foot IMPLUS ® foam shock absorption
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- Antimicrobial odor protection
- One year warranty
- Style: 1234W
- Sof Sole
For additional information relating to the Manufacturer's Warranty, please contact 1-800-446-7587.
Country of Origin: ImportedWeb ID: 11620855
Customer Reviews:
Sof Sole Airr Orthotic Insole 85 85
Saved my Feet these insoles are one of the best I have ever had, I can walk around all day and not feel the pain I use to feel with other insoles, very nice product. November 26, 2014
FEELS SOOO GOOD Awesome product. Fits like a glove. Feels like I'm walking on air. November 19, 2014
I like them. They are good for the money. I think these would work well for most athletics. I cannot give it the full 5 stars as they are little more "archy" then they are rated for. Also, good to know (which is not mentioned on the box anywhere that I saw... They seem to correct for overpronation some. Unfortunately for me, I step on the outside of my shoes and underpronate so these probably weren't the best purchase. November 4, 2014
for me this product doesn't work I usually purchase in erodes to replace the factory ones, but these make my ankle and hips hurt, I will be returning them October 1, 2014
Works great on my boots Made my boots feel on my feet comfortable and painless September 23, 2014
Provides comfort to feet Did not get a chance to wear them yet d/t to long to place in shoes will have to return or exchange size September 11, 2014
this product is great can tell a difference as soon as put them in my shoes. i walk all day for my job and at the end of the day my feet feel great. they dont feel tired at all. totally try them. September 9, 2014
save your money and buy orthaheel orthotics I bought these thinking that they would help with planter fasciitis but they didn't help. Bad arch support. I would recommend orthaheel orthotic inserts. They have supported my arch and stopped PF pain. September 9, 2014
works great I have a severe pes planus right foot. I can were only shoes with enhanced stability and motion control. On top of it jogging or other sport activity required additional stability control achieved by special insole. I have few pairs of them (including highly expensive personalized one). I am using the Sof Sole � Airr Orthotic Insole (which is not pricy at all) for almost a month already, and it is working just fine. There is no pain in the foot, just comfort. September 9, 2014
Easy in and out of shoes. These soles are as good as the ones I had made at the podiatrist. They are easy to put in and take out of my golf and tennis shoes. I will buy more. September 7, 2014


text:
Showing 105 reviews for Rockford Fosgate PRIME R500-1
|Customer Review Summary for Rockford Fosgate PRIME R500-1
|July 5, 2010
|Great amplifier, especially for the price
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Eric from Grayling, MI
This amplifier is top-notch, I would buy it again in a second. It comes with a birth sheet, which shows that its underrated by 35 watts RMS. You get exactly what you pay for from RF: a quality, well-built amplifier that performs great. I would recommend this amp to anyone!
|July 3, 2010
|Impressive Amp for the price!!
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Austin from Coeur d' Alene, ID
I just put in this amp with a single 12" Kicker CRV. It pushes it very well and does not heat up at all. The base control nob is also a very great feature this amp has. Went to go pick up a new fuse at aspen sound and this amp ran for $250 there. Sonic Electronix has the best deals and will get some bump in your truck fast.
|July 26, 2010
|The best brand out there
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Mike from Sheridan,wy
Rockford fosgate has never let me down. Every product I bought was rockford and it sounds amazing. The amp powers my p3 rockfords which makes them really thump.
|June 24, 2009
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Mend from NY
Bought this from somewhere else but I hate making accounts just to review a product.
This things is pretty big but does the job. I've always been a fan of Rockford even though everyone talks about them not being what they used to be but after reading many reviews on their new lines, they seem to be making a comeback.
This amp is visually gorgeous with the dark brushed aluminum that matched my interior perfectly and was a little smaller than I thought based on reading the measurements.
I've had it for only a day but I've put it through some paces in the 2 hours I've used it and it works very well.
Very few reviews anywhere on the net post birth sheet/ certificat numbers and that bugs me, I feel its vital to the purchase. My amp cam with just a plain looking sheet and its has its actual watts for only a 2 ohm load which it doesnt even state, It just has the serial number, stamp and actual wattage of 553!
Nice choice of settings, quality feel and look, excellent sound out of new 10"W3v3-2. This amp is sort of over kill but I have the gain set to my headunits output voltage and it sounds great. My sub loves the power coming out of it, since I have it down, its getting very clean power, making it extremely accurate. I
had the gain full blast at point for about 20 mins and the amp felt what I would call "very warm". From my experience and knowledge of the brand, RF typically run warm/hot but it doesnt effect their performance. Running for 1 hours at medium volume with gain set to 5 (my head units output voltage) the amp barely felt luke warm, very nice.
Anyway I give this 2 thumbs up, I love rockford amps, I used their 4 gauge amp kit (the best you can get, worth the coin) with this so its getting optimal power flow, grounding and comes with twisted rca's. This obviously leads to stable voltages and quality signals which are KEY when dealing with electronics, car audio in particular.
Get this if you need 500 clean watts of power @ 2 ohms.
|January 24, 2011
|Rockford fosgate 500
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Tee Mat from lufkin, Texas
This amp is the absolute truth.. For what they are selling it for is a absolute steal and you get a top of the line amp that will push your subs or subs to it's max. I have it hooked to a 1200 watt Sony Xplode sub an it pushes that one sub to the max an I don't even have the amp turned all the way up an it the amp doesn't overheat with long periods of use just make sure to keep the trunk somewhat ventilated on those hot summer days when using for long trips to keep it from getting to hot an shutting off for a few seconds.
|July 13, 2010
|great amp for the price
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Charles from Missoula, MT
I think this amp is bang for your buck. Running Orion XTR Pro154 15" dual 4ohm sub wired at 2 ohms and can play loud all day. Gets hot but never shuts off. Going to buy one more of these amps to power one more 15.
|May 25, 2010
|This is a great amp
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
brandon from Chicago
I got 2 12' kicker cvr's and this amp is tiny but pushes them hard . a little to hard and I have the bess down to !! trust me if your the one who says that U want a bang but not to to to much ! then this is it!!!!! I also have a hifonics 2610 and i would rather use the rockford because it pushes them with the perfect hit. the hifonic blew my last 2 pioneers that ran on the same wattage as the kickers.
Great deal to!!
|May 21, 2010
|Typical of Fosgate Amps
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Santana from San Diego, Ca
Excellent product for only 150 dollars. I've had mine for almost a year and it's still pushing! Even on these hot California days where it gets pretty hot in my mustang no problems at all. You should definitely get this product! I would say the only bad thing is it's kinda long so it might be a problem installing it in smaller cars..I had to screw it in on the back of my back seats haha but outside of that no problems at all!
|May 20, 2010
|Rockford Rocks!
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Joker from El Dorado, AR
The birth sheet on this amp has it at 553 watts RMS @ 2 ohm. I have this amp running two Rockford P2D210 and I am scared for their life. If you want an amp that you get your moneys worth out of buy this one.
|April 22, 2010
|Greatest Investment Ever
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
DJ After Hours from Phoenix, AZ
OMG! Ive been in the car audio game for a while... Have had many different subs and amps and nothing was to my satisfaction.
Super Duper Bass. I have this amp paired with just one 12" alpine type-r in a ported box and it is the best it has ever been. RIDICULOUS.
|April 22, 2010
|Great amp and good price!
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Toe Joe from Clarksdale, MS 38614
Amp is very very very powerful! I have this amp on 2 12's CVRs 2 ohm! The only problem is that is heats up! But overall this thing is booming! I am only running the amp halfway and it is crazy beatin!
|April 14, 2010
|Good Amp
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Tommy from Jacksonville, FL
Really Good amp. Looks clean and pushes a good amount of power to the subs. Overall i would say this is a really good buy!
|March 20, 2010
|Great value!!
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
ZAchary from ocala, FL
Would definitely recommend this amp. Got it on 2 p312D4s and these things slam like crazy. Even though I am only pushing 300 watts to each speaker they are really loud no lie. Buy it!
|March 15, 2010
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
JUN THE PIMP from CALIFORNIA, HANFORD KT
cant go wrong with fosgate amps.. best amps ever. even rf amps with low watts. this 500.1 amp hits harder then most 1500.1 other brand amps. i have this 500.1 pushing 3 kickr cvr's. couldn't ask for more.
|February 15, 2010
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Anthony from Yuma, AZ
I just recently bought this amp for my RF PD415, the sound quality was just mind blowing and i'm only runnin 450 w/ 40hz.
i highly recommend this amp if ur looking 4 an easy system 4 rite now an a bit tight on money.
|January 13, 2010
|Good Amplifier
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Eatie F. Baby from MO.
This amp is good for its price. I was needing a amp but short with money so i bought this one. I had two rockfordfosgate P3D412's and this amp. The bass was so clean and fairly loud! I recommend this amp if short on cash.
|December 28, 2009
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
eddie fonzareli from el cajon, california
i'm a fan of RF. long lasting equipment. i just installed this over the weekend. it's pushin 2 12" nicely with minimum gain. beautiful exterior with a certified rating of 550 i think it said.
|October 3, 2009
|Nice amp
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Alex from Nebrask
This is a pretty sweet amp. It works great with my 12in Orion sub, lacks no power. The best thing is the remote power adjuster.
|October 2, 2009
|Great Quality Sound
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Ray from Washington, DC
The Rockford Fosgate R500-1 amplifier delivers an awesome, yet not too grimey sound. For a pure quality sound with the right amount of kick, pick up the Fosgate R500-1.
|August 13, 2009
|Powerful Amp
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Tyson from fort dodge, IA
Great Amp Lots Of Power Pushes My 2 12's Easy. Love The Power Great Price Also
|August 10, 2009
|Well worth the price!
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Alex from Saratoga Springs, UT
Definitely the way to go if you're looking for something inexpensive to stick in the back of your car! This thing pushes my Rockford P3D412 12" like no other, I'm honestly afraid that it's going to shake my rear view mirror off my windshield! (Again) The only complaint I have about it is that after 2 solid hours of playing Kid Cudi's "Dan N' Night" at max volume the sub overheated and shut itself off (The self preservation feature is way nice). But keep in mind, the amp had no ventilation at all and it was almost 100 degrees outside today in my black car. I turned it down a bit and had no problem since, even driving home from work in traffic. I also had some trouble wiring it in, but that's because I'm a noob. :p
All in all, this is THE amp for beginners! It almost puts out too much bass!
|July 29, 2009
|Great Amp!
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Chris from NM
This amp is great for the price! My only quarrel with it is that it was a little bigger than I thought, but I found a place to mount it nicely to the back of my rear seat. Make sure that if you get this you take careful measurements and you know where you'll put it! This amp is running a single punch bass 12" RF sub and it sounds great. The punch bass when it's turned up does exactly that, it punches rather than rumbles (but note, this is only with the dial turned far up on the amp). I ran it through a burn in session on a trip of mine where for two days (separated by a few days) it ran for about 10 hours straight with no problems. It did get warm (and it was already warm since it's summer) but I love it! You won't be disappointed with this if you want 500 watts RMS!
|May 7, 2009
|pushes 2 cvr"s
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
kix from napa ca
i currently have this amp pushin 2 cvrs at 1 ohm yup 1 ohm its a good amp pushes them cvr the certified rms watts was 540W rms now i am lookin to get the kicker zx750.1 but this amp is good no problems with it yet u will be happy with this amp for the value
|April 16, 2013
|Great Amp
Review by
Derek from apple creek, OH
Rockford Fosgate has never let me down. This thing will do what it says and then some. I like the design because it gives it a powerful look. This will do 600 watts easily.
|March 23, 2013
|Great Amp For the Money
Review by
Ron from Springfield, OH
I have this amp on 2 Rockford P1 15's and it does the trick. Played it for over an hour full tilt and never got hot or shut off. I highly recommend. Sonics service was great to I got this in only 2 days with standard shipping.
|March 22, 2013
Review by
Randy from Grand Island, NE
WOW!!! I thought this amp was like not gonna be so great because i got another amp its 1200 watts but this amp is like hardcore bang!! im so gonna buy another one. if you want a good amp go with this it bangs hard
|March 12, 2013
|Dont try to Burn In
Review by
skides from Piedmont, ok
I received a R500 1 and had it professionally installed along with 2 8
0 Infinity subwoofers in my g37s Coupe. I decided based on past experiences with Rockford, I pushed the amp to the limit... 4 hours is what it took to burn the amp. What a piece of Crap. I remember ten hour road trips back in the day with a punch 150 at .5 ohms no problem.
|March 4, 2013
Review by
Don from Castro Valley, CA
Just a plain awesome amp. Total wattage on my amp was 547. Makes my P1 15s slam. very good amp.
|February 27, 2013
|This Amp...
Review by
Dillon from RI
Attached this to a Rockford Fosgate P2-1X12. Sounds great, works great. Research your subs and how much power they need. Most people spend excess $ on amps that dont work to half their potential with the subs they're running. I recommend this product. Combined with my above listed sub, it makes my 06 TL sound great, from pop punk lows, to deeeep bass that shakes the cars around me. It's a lot bigger size wise than I expected. About a foot long.. Comes with a cable that I ran to my glovebox to control the power of the bass. Good times.
|February 9, 2013
Review by
Alexander from Largo, FL
This amp is an incredible bang for your buck. I was running a Kicker 125.2 to two, 10" Drive Crunches. But this Rockford is just excellent, it makes that old kicker sound like trash.
Pros: Higher RMS than 500 (mine was 514), Bass Control (this won me over the competing amps), enough power to make your car shake (with the right sub(s), of course.).
Cons: It does get pretty hot, but it's nothing a cooling fan couldn't fix (also, I doubt it'll get hot enough to damage anything it's probably just me), and installing the wires can be a nuisance (again that's just me)
Get this amp, you won't go wrong. In fact, I'm thinking about buying another one.
|January 30, 2013
|Good AB amp for the money.
Review by
Maynard from Detroit Lakes, Minnesota
I currently have this amp hooked up and running 2 Rockford Fosgate R2D2-10 subs at 2 ohms each in a dual-sub, sealed enclosure. The subs require 250 watts RMS a piece and this amp does that with ease. I've only had it powered up for about a week and I see no issues what-so-ever.
I don't use the Bass Boost feature on the amp. I tune with the Head Unit. The amp I received has a power rating of 530 watts. I had this amp along with the rest of my stereo installed professionally and I haven't had any problems with it.
|January 1, 2013
|this amp rocks
Review by
freddie from kodak, TN
I had this amp hooked to one 15" kicker solo baric round that was rated at 750 rms and let me tell you it banged and banged hard. Would get hot at long plays times but i would recommend this Rockford 500/1 to anyone.
|August 10, 2012
Review by
rolly68 from Twin City, GA
This is a great amp ive had it for 1 year and no problems. I have it hooked to 2 15s and they really beat hard.
|August 9, 2012
|Excellent amp!
Review by
Cata-Cata from Toronto, ON, Canada
This is a small good amplifier. It has its pros and cons.
Pros: Doesn't add engine noise. Awesome bass for inside the car music. Low consumption.
Cons: The remote cable must be connected in a specific way. After I run this cable, the amp didn't work until I disconnect it (45 min troubleshooting). Then I realized the cable was the problem and I reverse it and start working properly. Rockford Fosgate please, indicates the way to connect this cable (ex: this end to amp and the other end to punch bass remote).
I highly recommend this amp if you are looking to boost your bass for your "inside car music" but, if you are looking to be heard a block away then this amp is not for you!
|August 8, 2012
|Great amp
Review by
chris from evans, CO
This amp is great. I used in on my boat and have had no problems. Love the remote power control.
|August 5, 2012
|Extremely happy!
Review by
Steve from New Port Richey, FL
Installing this amp was a breeze, It came to me rated at 515 wrms which is enough for my sub. It runs cool and there are no odd sounds that come from it when the power is turned on or while the car is running.
|July 19, 2012
Review by
kevin from Encinitas, CA
Made in China, not made by MTX, terminals look like swap meet amplifiers from 1988. It struggled to properly push one ten. It also regularly overheated sitting in a box in my garage.
|June 19, 2012
|Great Amp
Review by
Jared from Fayetteville, AR
Works awesome! It faded within time due to having a hatchback and the sun hitting it. It is now brown. Still works great though.
|April 18, 2012
|real good value
Review by
darrell from pembroke,ont, Canada
I love this amp. It puts out powerful bass to my two tens. I love Rockford Fosgate. They have never let me down. It even has a bass control knob.
|March 16, 2012
|Great product and value.
Review by
Dylan from Fairport, NY
I bought this RF R500-1 on saturday shipped monday (UPS doesn't work weekends) and recieved it in 2 days on the standard shipping for free.
I opened the box eagerly to see that CEA certified RMS rating of 518 watts. Then went to install into my 08 Scion tC. The amp is not very big and fits nearly anywhere (in my small hatchback) and still leaves tons of room.
I bought this because my old amp wasn't made for subs but I could with my old car (HU had a LPF built-in) and RF has never let me down (or my friends) and needed something with a built-in LPF crossover for my stock HU (Pioneer). I have a budget system (PYLE pl1290bl sub/used 12" sub box) and after I tuned this amp, it made a crappy sub sound really decent. People ask to see what I'm using and can't believe I made a garvage sub sound so nice, and loud.
This amp produces power extremely well for a class A/B monoblock with minimal quality loss. It does run mildly warm and can get pretty hot, after I have been running it loud for 1.5 hours but has yet to need protection. Since I started using RF amps in early 2000 they always ran warm, and it doesn't help having a very dark grey car.
When I get the cash, I'll be coming back to SE for a RF P2D412 and a bandpass box.
If you want a great amp for a steal of a price, get a R500-1. You won't be dissapointed. And it won't attract cops on the outside, but the inside might be another story.
|March 11, 2012
Review by
josh from lafayette, IN
Have it pushing 2 10" kicker comps at 2 ohms and smashing them hard I have it to where it's barely overpowering them and they're taking it good. The amp looks nice and is sweet. I used it hard for about an hour though and it overheated. It was in a tight spot but now moving it into more open and putting a fan on it for extra airflow. All around a sweet amp
|March 2, 2012
|Great Amp for the price!!!
Review by
Shredder234 from Cochrane, AB, Canada
I ordered this amp to power my punch P3L shallow mount sub and was very pleased with how this amp sounds. This amp on my sub stands up to and even exceeds the sound quality of a friends Alpine type-r. Very pleased with this amp.
|February 28, 2012
|Great Amp
Review by
Michael from West Yellowstone, MT
I love this amp i would recommend this to everyone that want's to add some bump in the trunk! I thought when i bought this amp my head light's would dim but they dont this amp pushes my JL 13.5 W3 perfect. Bass control works great, i purchased the DB link wiring kit goes good. You wont go wrong with this. Amp birth sheet reads 539 watts.
|February 20, 2012
|Sick Amp!
Review by
Tyler from Canyon Country, CA
Where to begin. This amp puts out more than enough power for a nice sub. have it powering my (new model) fosgate p2 4ohm, with the gain all the way down, and decibal knob all the way down, and i still get headaches. It is very easy to install/tune too. Not too shabby looking either. The blue power LED puts out alot of light too, if its an exposed amp, the led looks badass at night. runs pretty cool, has yet to overheat on me, and lets just say i dont drive quietly. You wont be dissapointed.
|February 8, 2012
|Great amp
Review by
V from RI
This RF amp is great. It was recommended to me, and I am happy that I got it. I have had it for 6 months and have had no issues at all. It does get a little warm in the summer time but it never shuts off or cuts out on me. It is very effective =]
|February 7, 2012
|Rockford Fosgate RELIABILITY
Review by
alan from Fort Hood, TX
I had always counted on Rockford Fosgate and they have never failed me. I run this amp on two RF P1s and they sound amazing.
|December 19, 2011
|Awesome little amp.
Review by
Michael from North Vernon, IN
This amp is a beast! It gets slammed on and keeps up with no problem. Would recommend this amp to someone.
|December 13, 2011
|great value
Review by
Mike from kokomo, Indiana
Tried to cut corners buying a cheaper amp to power my fosgate10 in sub. Realised something was missing. It was this amp. This is a quality made amp and has performed as one should expect from the fosgate brand. Usually don't post reviews but this amp has really impressed me.
|December 6, 2011
|Great Amp
Review by
fordguy from loogootee, IN
This is a great amp for a great price. I had one already and wanted to go louder so I got another. Awesome amp it doesnt get hot it puts out great power. Its just overall a great amp and i would recommend it to everyone. Rockford fosgate amps are the best amps you can get and Sonic Electronix is the best place to buy any car audio stuff.
|December 5, 2011
|Amazing Amp
Review by
Eric from Omaha, NE
I would 100% reccommend this amp. I have had it pushing various 12" subs for over a year now, and it is a dream! Rockford makes only the best of the best, and this amp is no exception. No complaints of any kind.
|November 27, 2011
|too small of terminals
Review by
alex from bothell, WA
Good amp if you need 500-600 watts. Only complaint is the terminal sizes are not true 4awg. I just spent 40 minutes trying to get the 4 gauge wire for my ground to fit in the terminal. i had to cut it in half to make it fit. It was unnecessary. Other then that great amp!
|October 25, 2011
|best price around!
Review by
jeremy from youngsville, LA
Product was in excellent shape upon arrival. It was shipped immediately!
|September 26, 2011
|more bang 4 your buck
Review by
thomas from Burkeville, VA
I definitely recommend this product!
|September 19, 2011
|Major Overheating Problems
Review by
David from Berwyn, PA
I bought this amp along as a package deal with Sonic Electronix. It was my first subwoofer kit and I got it professionally installed by Best Buy just to make sure everything would go smoothly. I was so excited - I had it hooked up with a 10" Alpine Type R.
Automatically I started having problems. The amp would get scalding hot within 5 minutes. There are no visible heat sinks and the only place for the heat to go was the metallic cover. After 20 minutes of playing (and not even that loud mind you) it would go into protect mode from the heat. I got all the wiring triple checked at two different locations. I figured it had to be a defective amp so I returned it.
Sonic Electronix had great customer service and sent me a new one - same model - right away. I got the new amp installed... same problem. I don't know if I just have terrible luck or if this amp wasn't built for me but it has only been problems.
I returned the 2nd amp and ended up buying a Hifonics 1000W amp (750 at 2 Ohms) and I haven't had a problem since. That amp stays completely cold.
So for all those great reviews out there - I must have gotten something different. I had put a lot of research into Rockford Fosgate before my purchase and was very hopeful this would work out. Unfortunately, it didn't.
So for those looking to buy this - just be careful. There are a lot of 5* ratings on here but know it's not gonna work for everyone.
|September 9, 2011
Review by
Austin from Smithfield, UT
This amp makes my sub bump almost too hard. This paired with a Rockford p2-12 hits crazy hard and sounds awesome at the same time
Look and design- Larger amplifier, harder to mount.
Durability- made of softer metal, looses it's shape easily
|August 30, 2011
|Great amp
Review by
Ryan from las vegas, NV
Great amp, good price for what you get, love it!
|August 26, 2011
|Fosgate is back!!!
Review by
jarrod from chowchilla, CA
all i can say is wow this thing pumps out the clean and clear power. i first got into fosgate in the late 90's and was blown away. Into the 2000's fosgate sold out and i was sadly disapointed by their products, however i thought i would give them another try. i got this fosgate r500.1 pushing a vega 102.2 and it sounds great. hits lows hard and i only have the gain at about 1/3 to 1/2. i honestly was not expecting much when i purchased it but i can honestly say i am very pleasantly suprised. the amp does get hot even at 4 ohms but it has not shut down yet. i just hooked it up today so we will see.
|August 16, 2011
|Amazing AMP
Review by
safwat from Trenton, NJ
I have this amp for a year and it pushing me to RE 10 and they sounded amazing. I loved this amp, they made my RE POUND HARD!
|August 12, 2011
|Best amp I have ever bought
Review by
Justin from Jenison, MI
I bought this amp about a year ago to power my single Kicker CV-R 15 and it really hits hard. I bought it to replace my Pyle (Pyle of crap) amp that could barely move my Kicker. When i opened the box i was greeted with a certificate of power stating the RF amps are underrated. This has been the best investment I have ever made in an amp. As of right now the only non RF product I am running is my sub and my headunit everything else is Rockford Fosgate.
|August 11, 2011
|Loved it
Review by
Grant from OH
I got this amplifier with the package. I sure do love it. I had it pushing a 12" dual voice Alpine Type R. My birth sheet said 524 watt rms. I only had it go into protect once because it was hot out and it wasn't in an open area. I have it mounted on the back of a fold down seat. So if I was going anywhere and was going to be hittin hard I would fold down the seat and with the windows down it wouldn't even heat up. But this amplifier NEEDS to breathe. The bass gain remote was iffy. You could turn it and not notice a difference with the bass. Almost like it had only four settings, disort, loud, quiet, off. Not much in between. Other than that I would certainly reccamend this amplifier. It sure does put out the bang for the buck. I am going to be getting another Type R 12" and will be upgrading to a bigger amplifier.
|August 7, 2011
|Sick amp
Review by
Dylan from TX
I love this amp. I have it wired at 2 ohms and it slams with my single P315!
Pros: good looking, cea compliant, rockford name
Cons: it goes into protect often because i dont have a/c in my classic vw and its been reaching triple digit temps!, i would like the amp to be able to directly connect bare wire for the power/ground, and thats about it.
I would definitely recommend this amp for someone just getting into car audio or even professionals that love SQ!
|August 2, 2011
|Great amp with a lot of kick
Review by
brady from Damascus, OR
Great amp. I have my thunder thin hooked up to it and it sounds great. Truly a great amp. Rockford fosgate in my opinion have the best amps out there.
|July 11, 2011
Review by
anthony from Britton, MI
I have it powering two 15" subwoofers bridged to two ohms and there being pushed to the fullest!!!! Has good crossovers within the amp. Much enjoyed amp. going to buy it agian to power my 3 10"s.
|May 31, 2011
|Great Amp
Review by
Fletch from Orange City, FL
This amp keeps up to Rockfords Rep. I got this amp running 1 P3D412 and slams the h*** out of it. Does tend to heat up so make sure you have it in a well vented area, but would recommend it to anyone.
|May 23, 2011
|Great Amp
Review by
Kabir from Rochester, NY
I recommend this amp because it definitely helps my Type R 12" hit hard. I didn't think it was going to be that good since it's only the Prime and not the Power or RF's other amps but it works wonderfully. There are no cons yet.
|May 21, 2011
Review by
Joe from N.Y.
This amp was for me the best way to get the power i need without a lot pf money, pushes my P2L 2X12's very nice, i would recommend this amp to anyone!
|May 9, 2011
|Awesome amp
Review by
Bill from Belleview, FL
Amp is powerful and does not run hot.
|April 20, 2011
|Great amp
Review by
Matthew from Quinton, AL
This amp works great with the P3 shallows I bought. Can't beat it for the price. I haven't had any kind of problems either. I mounted it under my bench seat in my '90 model Chevy Silverado and has over heated or cut off once, not even when my heat was running full blast at the floor boards during the winter months after a hour and half drive with the stereo going full blast the whole time. So great amp! I'm going to be moving up to the Prime R1000 for sure, because I got this one just wanting a good sound with a little bit of bass, and now I want even more.
|March 27, 2011
|Solid deal
Review by
Brandon from Vermillion, SD
A decent and respectable amp. It overheats a little easily in the summer time which tells me that the amp is not efficiently using the power its trying to generate. All that heat is wasted energy. However it has never been hot to the touch. It shuts itself off when overheating so your investment will be safe.
|March 18, 2011
|Rockford Fosgate PrimeR500-1
Review by
jfiala92 from Binghamton, NY
|March 2, 2011
|built to last
Review by
drew from Vineland,NJ
Tested at 522 watts RMS @ 2 ohm. best amp i ever bought.
|February 24, 2011
|Rockford Fosgate prime series is awesome
Review by
Edward from Spring, TX
Picked it up in a rush to get to heatwave in Austin tx hooked it up and bumped all the way there on to two Sony Xplodes I recommend it
|February 21, 2011
|Great product
Review by
phelan from Salina KS
This amp is just AMAZING. I have this amp in my cobalt and my s10, both amps are hooked up to 2 alpineType S12s and the just pound the amp is se tup perfect for 2 subs the are 300 rms or just one that is 500 rms. I have pushed this amp to run a Type R and even thought it doents have the rms rating to handle it it does an amazing job at making my cars sound great. All and all i would give this amp a 10 out of 10
|February 8, 2011
|Its straight
Review by
Billy from Norfolk, VA
Its a good buy. It is powering my 12 inch W6 and so far it has been great. The amp gets a bit hot and could use a better cooling system but other than that it is a great amp. No problems after 5 months of use. It is also a bit long so its hard to fit into a place that is hidden.
|February 3, 2011
Review by
pro10is from VT
Even better than expected. Produces clear, clean bass with more than enough power. Super quiet signal to noise. Fantastic performance for the price. The connectors could be a bit better but you only need to deal with that once during installation. Overall a great value.
|January 24, 2011
|Great Amp
Review by
EL O.G. from Phoenix, AZ
This is one of the best amps out there on the market its extremely powerful for a simple set of two 10 or 12 inch subs it pounds rock on Rockford Fosgate!
|January 21, 2011
|good amp
Review by
Trey from Mantachie, ms
This is a great budget or beginner amp. This amp puts out more than rated as you can always expect from Rockford. This is a class A/B amp not class D so if you dont tune it right, it will heat up. All you have to do is crank the bass boost and go easy on the gain and you will have no problem.
|January 19, 2011
|Pretty Good
Review by
Steven from Ga
the only bad thing about this amp is it gets really hot, I have it powering a W6V3 dual voice coil running it at two ohms. it came with a birth sheet saying 538 rms. Would recommend to anyone great amp
|December 27, 2010
|Awesome sonic Electronix
Review by
Mia from atwater ca
Any product I get from this place has always been top quality. This Rockford amp that I bought sounds great. It does what it says for how many watts it is. Got it running one 10 sub does pretty good bridged.
|December 19, 2010
|Powerfull Amplifier
Review by
Rene' from Arkansas City, Kansas
I bought this amplifier for my wife's Lincoln MKZ.
This is a very powerful amplifier for a very reasonable price that will for sure do the job. My son now has it and ran 2 12" subwoofers with no problems at all. It never gets hot and just keeps running. I would recommend this amplifier to anyone looking for power and stability.
|December 16, 2010
|Excellent Equipment!!! Great Price!!!
Review by
Ericvansolo from Bedford, Tx
The Rockford Fosgate (Prime R500-1) amp works wonderfully in my car. This amp was more than enough power for my dual 10" MTX Subs, and it came with everything I needed for an easy installation. With its slender, clean look and professional electrical connections you can tell they uesd quailty parts for this amp. As an automotive technician I would recommend this amp if you want clean, hard hitting bass for your compact car or truck.
|December 5, 2010
|gets soooo hot!
Review by
Chris from Va beach, VA
The amp was very good, but after 10 or 20 mins of bumpin hard, the thing either shuts down or gets hotter than an oven. dont buy this if you plan to bump hard
|December 4, 2010
|Fantastic Amp!
Review by
IROC2000 from Lubbock, TX
I use this amp to push two single voice coil 12 inch Rockford Fosgate Punch subwoofers P1S812. The R500-1 is much more powerful than what the specs say. In a 2011 Dodge crew cab, they really hit hard with the factory Alpine deck that comes in these vehicles. Use 4 gauge wire or 2 gauge wire and you too will be happy with this one!
|December 2, 2010
|nice begineer amp!
Review by
Alec from Charlotte, NC
I would recomeend this amp for a beginner setup. I have it on 4 ohm 12's and it hits hard but the amp runs hot. It's a great amp for occasionally bumpin hard!
|December 2, 2010
|Quality Sound!
Review by
Frederick from Riverbank, CA
I've owned this amp for a few months now, and I have to say for the price it was a great decision. I paired it up with a P3 10" also bought here at Sonic and I always get compliments on how hard it hits. Purchased another for my daughters 17th Christmas.
Sonic is great about Shipping and answering questions over the phone. Only note is I would make sure it has good ventilation for those hot days.
Definitely recommend this product and Sonic services.
|December 1, 2010
|Alpine great product
Review by
Thomas.R from Atlanta, G,A
This amp is great run, great thump...
|November 30, 2010
|great amp
Review by
Chris from dallas, texas
Wired it up to two Polk db1040's at 2 ohm and it powers them way better than my 250 watt Crunch amp. My subs are now loud and clear with no distortion or clipping. I have noticed that after a trip the sides of the amp will get hot enough that I can't hold my hand there for long so I might add a fan or two, however it doesn't smell like its burning like my old crunch did. The amp is pretty good sized but it fit under the front seat of my single cab 99 f150. The bass remote is also a nice feature to have. For the money this amp is awesome and I would recommend it.
|November 29, 2010
Review by
Anthony from Laval, PQ, Canada
This amp is just amazing, is almost never heats up and when it does, it never gets that hot, is always works and is able to perfect power my JBL sub 1400 watts peak that I bought at Sonic as well.
|November 14, 2010
|don't waste your time
2 of 4 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
Robert from Mineral Wells, TX
Amp over heats extremly quick. mine is was located in the back of a 2000 jeep. I ran 4ga power direct from the batt. at full power the amp hit hard but would only last about 10 mins before you could fry a hamburger on it.
|October 31, 2010
|Great item
Review by
JMC from Fort Worth, Tx
This item is simply great, works great on my two Rockford Fosgate shallow 12" subs
|October 31, 2010
|Great item
Review by
JMC from Fort Worth, Tx
This item is simply great, works great on my two Rockford Fosgate shallow 12" subs
|October 28, 2010
|Probably the best bang for the buck going right now
Review by
Christopher from Katy, TX
I have installed, designed and built dozens of systems for me and friends over the years so I do know a thing or two about this stuff. I love Fosgate mono amps and run the Power series on my personal system. I put together a system for my wife's car but needed to keep the cost down so I picked up this amp to push a single 12" Kicker Solo-Baric L5 DVC 4 ohm bridged to 2ohm.
The test sheet claims 539watts RMS at 2ohm and the little amp delivers it. It is more than enough for that Solobaric and produces a clean sound.
- Price. You are really getting a lot of amp for the price and it should output more power than advertised.
- You can only bridge it to 2ohms so make sure to get your subwoofer configuration right before hooking up or buying the subs.
- Also, this little amp gets HOT. I have not had it shut down but it will really get hot and I am running 4ga power wire. Keep that in mind during installs. My Power series Fosgate amp is always cool no matter how hard I push it.
- Power and ground terminals could be a bit bigger. It is a struggle to get 4ga wire in there but I pulled it off.
|October 18, 2010
|bumps the punch p2
Review by
Gator from alapaha, ga
I have this amp wired to a dual vc P2 subwoofer at 2 ohms and it really hits. Got the air space at about 1.5 ft. cubed and it really sounds clear and no distortion at all! I love Rockford Fosgate and Sonic Electronix...I love you more.
|October 11, 2010
|good buy
Review by
markos from Brentwood, CA
Great true power, hits hard with most subs, Sonic's price is unbeatable!
Rockford is one of the most respected brands, can't get this kind of deal anywhere else I didn't even need an amp right now I just bought it for the heck of it 129 is the lowest price you'll see for this amp (even used it would be around 150)
I'll either use it or sell it for like 220
great deal sonic!
|October 7, 2010
|Great amp
Review by
Deeezy504 from Marrero, LA
Great product no problems would definitely recommend well worth the money fast shipping!!!!
|October 6, 2010
Review by
Anthony from McClellan, CA
This product was freaking amazing.
|September 23, 2010
|update on old review
Review by
brandon from colorado
ok there is some good and some bad, we will start with the bad, since i have this installed in a suv i have to roll the back windows down so air will circulate over the amp otherwise it will overheat fairly quickly. and thats about it for the bad. in my old review i had this amp hooked to a pair of old school pioneer 12's and they literally went up in flames, this amp is under rated, now its way under powering a pair of power acoustik mofo 12's. they still sound good but each of my subs will take 3 of these amps so i will be upgrading soon. and as always i will be upgrading through sonic. but all in all for the price if you are just going to power one or two mild subs this amp will serve you well.
|September 19, 2010
|RF great product
Review by
jared from findlay oh
i purchased two of these awesome amps to push two alpine type r's in a bassworx box ..they kick like no other i heard many good things about rockford fosgate before but until u own one u wont understand. its a great price i got screwed by store mark ups an paid $225 an amp well worth the extra buck to buy RF though!
|September 16, 2010
|2 Days!
Review by
Christian from White, GA
Great amp for the price, if you can afford more buy the Punch or Power series and save some room. My birth sheet read 576 RMS power. I have it on a Kicker CVR in a 1993 Ranger.
Best part was i was expecting this amp the following week. Credit to UPS and Sonic Electronix. I ordered Tuesday, received it Thursday(I'm in Georgia folks), i bought it with the 4 gauge wiring kit and it provides plenty of power.
Who says you cant have power in a single cab??? The controller works miracles and has the POPO wondering where that bass is coming from. It takes under a second after seeing a cop to turn the bass down. Customer for life.
|September 5, 2010
|Good Power for the money
Review by
totalcontrol from augusta,ga
Easy install. Already bridged internally. Just hook your wires up and you are at 2 ohms if you are using 4 ohm speakers. Had these for while now and have only clipped when I dropped to 1 ohm. Would recommend to anyone who need Fosgate power on a budget.
|August 21, 2010
|Excellent Product
Review by
DT from ROAN MTN
I'm very impressed with this amp. I'm pushing 2 12's now and was pushing 2 10's with this amp and it performs flawlessly. The Price was very affordable also. I Highly recommend this amp
|August 19, 2010
|Great sound and quality for a low budget sound system
Review by
NissanPRO from Virginia
I purchased this amp to power my 10" Rockford Fosgate Power sub in my 350Z. It fit perfectly mounted to my custom box, and provides amazing kick. I was amazed at how much one 10" could put out, even when only pushing 500 watts!
I would recommend this to anyone who is running one 10" or 12" subwoofer, regardless of brand. The quality is great, (Rockford, of course) its durable, easy to set up, and provides great sound.
|August 12, 2010
Review by
Josh Ua from Vancouver, Canada
I have this amp set up in my Ford Ranger with one 12" Alpine Type S in a sealed box. Oh my! It sounds amazing!! The mirrors shake and the amp is at half its possible output.
|August 9, 2010
|great amp for the money
Review by
Kenny from greenwood,de
i just bought this amp and got it wired at 2ohms to one 12" P3 and it sounds awesome, got the gain about 75% and tuned to 85 hz hooked a eq to it as well and once i tuned it, it sounds like i got 2 15's. supposed to be a 500 watt amp but when i got it in my birth sheet said it put out 574 watts so cant complain about the power. very good amp for the price. only downfall to the amp is it gets hot but has not gone into protect mode yet. shipping was great received product in 4 days and i live all the way on the east coast.
|June 29, 2010
|overall i am impressed
2 of 4 people found the following review helpful:
Review by
brandon from Colorado
i have this amp hooked to a pair of old school pioneer ts-w300r 12's in a custom slot ported box(big box), in a 1997 ford explorer, and it bangs, i know i need to upgrade my subs because at full gain with 3/4 bass after about 3 or 4 minutes i can smell the voice coils, and thats on a 4ohm load, so the power is there, i have not hooked it up 2ohm yet but im sure the power will still be there. the bass from this thing is great, pedestrians and police here me coming for 6 block in any direction now. only thing is, it does get hot, at half volume the amp overheated twice between my house and the neighboring town 13 miles away. granted it was very hot out side and it was pretty loud. i have since fabed up a cooling system for it and have not had the problem since. all and all price considered this is a great deal, probably the cheapest way to balance great bass with great sound quality.


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Follow signs to the town centre and proceed as follows:
From A9 (from north)
Follow Town Centre signs. Along Longman Road, past the College and over small roundabout. Take left lane and turn left into Chapel Street. At traffic lights, take right lane and turn into Friars Lane (signs for B862 Holm) and continue onto Bank Street (the river will be on your right) Continue straight across traffic lights and at the T junction turn right onto B862. Approx ½ mile on continue past the junction with Drummond and the lodge is 2nd house on the right (backing onto the river)
From A9 (from south)
To avoid the town centre, take 1 st exit off A9 signposted for Hilton & Culduthel. Approach the roundabout and follow signs for B8082 (Hilton). Continue on this road for 3 miles going straight over about 6/7 roundabouts until the last roundabout offers a sign B862 (Holm & City centre) to the right. Continue on this road for just over 1 mile and the lodge is on the left.
From Fort William / Loch Ness:
Approaching the city centre you will come over the Ness Bridge (stay in Right Lane) and continue straight through traffic lights as though driving into the High Street. The road winds to the right into Castle Street. Take right lane at traffic lights and follow the B862 (Holm Mills) for 1 mile. Continue past the junction with Drummond and the lodge is 2nd house on the right (backing onto the river)
Inverness airport is 20 minutes by car from The Ghillies Lodge.
Inverness rail and bus stations are approximately 1 mile from The Ghillies Lodge.
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UW-Eau Claire
News Bureau
Schofield Hall 218
Eau Claire, WI 54702-4004
End-of-Life Issues Program
To be Presented April 7
(715) 836-4741
(715) 836-2900
MAILED: March 15, 2000
EAU CLAIRE The University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire School of Nursing and the Human Sciences and Services Continuing Education office will sponsor a program titled "End-of-Life Issues for Health Professionals" from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Friday, April 7, at the Quality Inn, Eau Claire.
The program will explore the many dilemmas facing health care providers regarding end-of-life issues. Sessions will address decisions to be made regarding dying, advance directives, hospice care and how to accommodate cultural differences.
Presenters of the program will be the following: Wendy Erickson, Nutritional Support Services, Luther Hospital; Karen Danielson, associate professor of family health nursing; Anna Alexander-Doelle, assistant professor of family health nursing; Diane Brandt, social worker for the Hospice Program of Northwest Wisconsin HomeCare; Houa Vue Moua, bilingual/bicultural interpreter for the Eau Claire City-County Health Department; and senior Patricia Boyles, collaborative nursing student and member of the Ho-Chunk Nation, Black River Falls.
The program fee is $85. Attendees will earn six continuing education contact hours. The registration deadline is Tuesday, March 28.
Contact the Continuing Education in Nursing/UW-Extension office, (715) 836-5745, for more information.
[Administrative Offices]
[News Bureau]
Janice B. Wisner
UW-Eau Claire News Bureau
Schofield 218
(715) 836-4741
Updated: March 15, 2000


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By Ben Pierce
As my friend, Todd Leighton, and I pulled into the hotel parking lot on Monday morning, Nov. 10, 2008, Another buddy of ours, Jason Kindzia, was packing up to depart. He'd harvested a 135-inch 9-pointer the previous day and was about to leave Kansas for Iowa, where he was going to film the other three guys in our group of traveling bowhunters.
Todd and I tried unsuccessfully to convince Jason to stay and film for us. We were going to be there for 12 days. We'd driven 17 hours from Pittsburgh in two vehicles with 10 stands, nine sets of steps, clothes and video/hunting equipment - pretty much standard for our yearly trips to the Midwest.
Before he left, Jason shared the story of his Sunday hunt. In addition to the 9-pointer he'd arrowed, he saw an enormous buck while getting situated in his stand. He said its rack made the giant body look small -almost "cartoonish," he added.
Not especially eager to spend a lot of time slogging around in the rain, scouting and hanging stands, Todd and I decided to settle for picking our spots for the next morning's hunt. We drove to the large public hunting tract, an oasis in the middle of vast CRP and muddy winter wheat fields, and struck out on foot.
I went to a place none of us had hunted in the three years we've been going there. I wanted to be as far away from the truck as possible.
The woods were flat and open and, to be honest, did not look like a great spot for a stand. But there were several habitat variations along with several heavily used trails paralleling the CRP that separates the woods from a river 125 yards distant.
I thought that, at the very least, I'd have a great vantage point to scout for the coming days.
Tuesday morning, I saw a few small bucks and a couple of does after daybreak. Because of the rain, it was difficult to hear anything. I had to stay alert and rely mostly on my eyes.
Rather than leave around lunchtime, I decided there was enough rutting activity to merit sitting for the remainder of the day.
Around 2:30 p.m., I happened to look over my right shoulder and saw a giant buck with long tines about 75 yards away. It was about to disappear into the tall CRP field. By the time I stood to turn around, the deer was gone.
I stared at the area for what seemed like 10 minutes, though actually only a few seconds, before I picked out the buck about 100 yards away. It was under the lone tree in the middle of the CRP. I could see its rack and a bit of its back.
I immediately tried grunting, but the animal paid no attention to me.
That's when I decided to try rattling - anything to get it to bat an eye, if not lure it closer. I grabbed hold of my 140-inch rattling antlers and crashed them together violently. I thought that since the buck was in the dense CRP and unable to see the (mock) fight, it might come closer to investigate.
It worked. The giant turned and started trotting straight toward my stand.
Before I knew it, the deer was a mere 35 yards from me.
I was still holding the rattling antlers when it arrived. As soon as it passed behind some cedars, I slowly set them on the seat of my treestand, lifted my bow off its hook and drew.
The deer was confused. It had fully expected a ringside seat, but the fighters had disappeared. Almost dejectedly, it began skirting the CRP. I was able to stop it broadside at 26 yards, and then I sent an arrow into its boiler room.
I found the perfect 10-pointer just before dark. It had traveled close to 200 yards before dying, but at least it had taken its last breath before plowing back into the CRP. I didn't have time to admire the deer because the truck was nearly a mile away and daylight was fast fading.
Back at the parking spot, Todd and I began comparing notes. He'd spotted a huge buck with at least four foot-long tines early in the day that had a bald spot high on its left side. There was no doubt it was the same buck I'd shot.
Rather than walk back to my deer, we drove to our hotel to change clothes and devise the best plan for retrieving it. We wound up calling our friend, the property's manager.
While the three of us were hiking back to the river, Todd and I were discussing the buck's attributes. Our pal was taking it all in, and then he blurted, "I wonder if this is the same buck I hit last season?"
The one he'd hit (but lost) was a long-tined 10-pointer that might've scored in the 160s. The arrow had deflected off a branch and passed through - almost over - the deer's back, too high to clip the spine.
When we finally reached my deer, we all realized that the missing hair was actually a scar. It was, in fact, the deer our friend hit the previous archery season, though he'd been hunting more than two miles away on the other side of the river.
I realize how fortunate I was to have taken such an animal on public land, or anywhere for that matter. Having friends there to share in the excitement made it even more memorable.
Isn't that what it's all about?
Hunter: Ben Pierce
Official Score: 163
Composite Score: 179 6/8
Weapon: Compound Bow
Class: Perfect
-- Reprinted from the November 2009 issue of Buckmasters RACK Magazine.
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Dogjaw Pro
The OpenType versions of Dogjaw have 52 ligature features that automatically substitute a unique pair of distressed characters when any upper or lower case letter is keyed twice in a row. Dogjaw Pro extends the character set to support Eastern European Latin, Baltic, Greek and Turkish.
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Turner Watson: 3/5 Stars
It says "scotch" style ale. I think they mean "Scottish." Whatever. I liked the deep, brown color right away. The taste, however, is more sweet than I expected. Not a bad surprise, but a surprise nonetheless. Light carbonation, about the same as Newcastle. Medium body. This actually reminded me more of an English brew like Samuel Smith's than a more robust offering like Belhaven. Not a bad choice for those that are intimidated by the sort of beer drunk by burly, bearded, kilt-wearing half-viking Scotsmen but still looking for complexity and flavor.
John The Mexican:4.5/5 Stars
EWWWIEEE! This one had some stank on it! Just the way I like it. The foam literally looked like mud, I expected to hate it but a funny thing happened you see, I LOVED IT! Lots going on with the beer, but finished very nicely and I had killed the entire beer in record time. Wanted another!
Barry Thickk: 4/5 Stars
Is this what scot's drink? If so, I'm very proud of my heritage! Smooth caramel, some honey, alcohol presence which led me to want another, another & A N O T H E R one.


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News + Events :: Event Calendar
Alona Nitzan-Shiftan,
February 19, 2007
5:30 - 7:30pm
Join us for a very special lecture at the Archeworks Open House and find out how you can use your design skills to help communities in Chicago. Applications and information about our one year part-time design program will be available. Enjoy complimentary refreshments and meet Archeworks co-founders Stanley Tigerman and Eva Maddox.
6:30 – 7:30
Immediately after Israel captured Jerusalem's Old City in 1967, it bulldozed the Mugharbee Quarter off the area adjacent to the Western Wall. National, municipal and military authorities agreed that a vast space was needed for a nation to gather and 'meet its past.' Once the post-war stream of pilgrims reduced, Israelis were taken by surprise. Their central assembly space, and the holiest site for Jews worldwide, became an amorphous field of debris and awesome stones laying at the foot of Islam's third most important sanctuary.
Captivated by the site, architects harried to propose designs for the plaza. Louis Kahn, Isamu Noguchi, Aronson and Kutcher, Fisher and Maestro, Denys Lasdun, and Superstudio contended the much-debated yet authorized design of Moshe Safdie. Clearly, neither Safdie nor his contenders suggested mere design solutions for such a complicated site. Their proposals were fierce manifestos in two distinct yet closely connected battles. One was over the balance between Judaism and Statehood in a rapidly transforming Israeli society. The other was over the course that modern architecture should take after the dissolution of CIAM. The lecture investigates the ways in which the competing designs argued the above positions architecturally. It maintains that these concrete architectural projects did not only express contending ideologies, but also took, in the forms, compositions and techniques they suggested, distinct positions in fierce political and architectural debates.
Nitzan-Shiftan is an architect and historian; member of DOCOMOMO Israel. Her research focuses on post-World War II architectural culture in the light of recent thought in the fields of nationalism, Orientalism and post-colonialism; modernism in Israeli architecture and planning (Erich Mendelsohn; Jerusalem after 1967); American architectural and urban culture of the 1960s and 1970s (including I.M. Pei); and the politics of architectural historiography and preservation. Her publications have appeared in Architectural History, Theory and Criticism, Harvard Design Magazine, Jama'a, and Thresholds (MIT).
Copyright© 2014 Archeworks. All Rights reserved.


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Poisoned! Neptune square Neptune, chapter 2
Poisoned. Poisoned!!! 30 years of being poisoned. And I was so poisoned that I didn't recognize it even when the answer was right there in my face.
Mars retrograde in Libra
Every 2 years, Mars appears to slow down in the sky, then move backwards for about 80 days. Mars by nature moves forward and takes action. That's why Mars retrograde, when he appears not only to slow down and stop, but to move backwards, is so stressful. The Mars impulse is dampened, thwarted, forced to retreat. The one who initiates a conflict tends to lose when Mars is retrograde. Backfires, accidents, explosions, and injuries are more likely. Old arguments loop through our minds like bad pop songs. We are cranky, impatient, and easily frustrated. Projects tend to drag, and machines break down.
Neptune square Neptune
I have told many clients about the "astrological midlife crisis" that happens to everyone around age 40 to 42 – Uranus opposes your natal Uranus, and Neptune squares your natal Neptune.
I already knew a lot about the Neptune square Neptune transit as I was going into it. I knew it would be time to look fear in the face and let go of the past. I knew I would be extra sensitive. I also knew that difficult transits don't deny you the goodies. They just tell you that it's going to be a lot of work to get to the goodies. So I expected all of that.
What I didn't expect was…
Precious and her chompers - a medical electional astrology case study
Stevie is a rescue cat. I don't know her birthday, but I did adopt her when she was a kitten, so I do know she was born in the spring of 2005. She has Mars and Uranus in Pisces. Pisces placements tell me she is sensitive to drugs, so anesthesia is a worry for me. I hate having to put her under.
On our initial visit Stevie had an exam and blood test. The vet showed me the particular pockets of tartar underneath which he expected to find holes. Holes means pain, and if they show up as expected, those teeth should come out. I was ready with a date for the procedure, and booked September 3.
Miley Cyrus: What happened?
You may have noticed a little bit of a kerfuffle around Miley Cyrus' compelling-for-the-wrong-reasons performance at the Video Music Awards this past Sunday. I naturally wondered what is going on with her planets.
Latest Entries
- Poisoned! Neptune square Neptune, chapter 2
- Mars retrograde in Libra
- Neptune square Neptune
- Precious and her chompers - a medical electional astrology case study
- Miley Cyrus: What happened?
- Headlines - Uranus square Pluto
- Jupiter in Gemini - June 2012 to June 2013
- May 20 Solar Eclipse
- Electional Astrology: choosing my wedding date
- Thoughts on Neptune in Pisces
- Chiron in synastry
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June 14th, 2006: I have a copy of Sisqo's "The Thong Song" that starts skipping half-way through, and I never noticed until today, because I'd never gotten that far into it before! Can you believe it? One year ago today: les quatre cents annees – Ryan
December 1st-4th: All shipping methods except U.S.P.S. First-Class Package International Service� are safe. December 5th: International orders made not selecting U.S.P.S. Priority Mail Express International� shipping will likely arrive in January. December 10th: USPS FIRST CLASS and STANDARD may not make it in time and neither will USPS EXPRESS MAIL INTERNATIONAL. December 14th: ALMOST NOTHING IS SAFE. USPS EXPRESS is the only safe USPS option. For FEDEX HOME/GROUND shipping it depends on where you are: refer to this map!
December 17th: A CHRISTMAS MIRACLE (IF THINGS PLACED ON OR AFTER THIS DATE ARRIVE BY THE 24TH, THAT IS)
One year ago today: les quatre cents annees
– Ryan


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Using Kr808d-1 Cartomizers For Your Benefit
- Smokeless Image's Next-Generation KR808D-1 Compatible 'Bottom Coil' Cartomizers Feature Way Better Vapor, NO Filler Burning, Easy Refill Caps And Are Compatible With Other KR8 Batteries Whether Generic or From Major Brands – Though The VOLT's Battery is Recommended Due To Several Improvements As Well. If You Haven't Tried Them You'll Notice A Huge Difference! Plus They Come In Awesome Flavors Like Grape and RY4! And Are Cheaper Than Competing Refills – Plus Save An Additional 10% With Coupon Code EVAPE10 – Check out the Full Smokeless Image Review or CLICK HERE TO SAVE 10% At SmokelessImage.com
A lot of people are quitting traditional smoking methods and embracing electronic smoking. The two main reasons for this change are reduced smoking expenses and reduced side effects on body. These two reasons are enough for people to quit traditional smoking and opt for electronic smoking. Today, we will discuss one such smoking accessory which plays a vital role when it comes to electronic cigarette. The product to be reviewed is KR808D-1 cartomizers.
KR808D-1 cartomizers are of great help as they play a pivotal part in the use of electronic cigarettes. Here, we shall explore its use in detail so that you can reap the maximum benefit out of it.
What Are Kr808d-1 Cartomizers?
A cartomizer is a term which stands for atomizer and cartridge. Hence, cartomizers are those products which contain both the atomizer and cartridge in a single unit. KR808D-1 cartomizers means those cartomizers which have been designed for e-cigarettes designed under the KR808D-1 model.
The KR808D-1 model is one of the oldest models of electronic cigarette design and most of the e-cigs marketed by lots of brands are designed by slight modification of this model itself. Thus, the KR808D-1 cartomizers can be compatible with a lot of cigarettes and thus give you a good vaping experience. Thus, a lot of people are opting for cartomizers these days as it eliminates the trouble of buying atomizers and cartridges separately.
The Benefits Of Using Kr808d-1 Cartomizers
Before you go ahead with the decision of buying the KR808D-1 cartomizers, we must list the advantages of using the same.
- These are better solution as compared to buying atomizer and cartridges separately.
- They are easy to use and require lesser maintenance effort.
- Although, they are meant to be discarded after using it for the first time, a lot of people use it again by refilling. However, make it a point not to refill it for more than 2 to 3 times as the chances of bacterial infection increases beyond this limit.
- They come in a lot of attractive colors, so they can help you in smoking in style.
- They come in a variety of different flavors as the juice that is contained inside it can be filled with varying flavors and thus you have a lot of variety to choose from.
- Using KR808D-1 cartomizers of different shapes, color and style can ensure that you can separate one flavor from another with ease.
Thus, these are some of the obvious benefits of using these cartomizers. As we have already mentioned before that the KR808D-1 model is one of the first models upon which the entire concept of electronic cigarettes was built. Naturally, most of the e-cigarette brands which are prevalent today have designed their cigarettes on this very model itself. This enhances the chances of the compatibility of the cartomizer with your electronic cigarette.
You must learn the right way of using a cartomizer as if you do not fix it properly, you might not be able to get the true quality of vapor. For best electronic smoking pleasure, you need to get intense vapor so that you can enjoy the vape. With the help of these cartomizers, you can achieve the same.
Previously, the cartridges and atomizers were two separate units. Hence, every time the liquid was exhausted, people opted for change of cartridge as well as atomizers since atomizers are recommended for single use. However, later after the cartomizers came into the market, a lot of complications eased out owing to the fact that now there was a single unit which you needed to attach to your e-cigarette. The cartomizer had the atomizer and the cartridge inbuilt inside it.
So, people did not need to fuss over both the units separately. Although, most sites will recommend single use of this device, refilling of cartomizers is very common. But, I would hasten to add that make sure you are aware of the exact way of refilling before you try your hands at it.
Look through demonstrative videos or read the instructions before you refill the cartridge. You would not like to spill the fluid or pour it in the wrong way and ruin the enjoyment of electronic smoking.
So, find the best cartomizers that have been designed for the KR808D-1 model and then enjoy the puff the way you want. Such is the popularity of cartomizers that the separate use of cartridge and atomizer has become almost obsolete and you hardly see them anymore.
You can find such cartomizers in abundance marketed by different e-cigs brands. Make sure to opt for the finest ones as you should not compromise on quality. So, to get the authentic taste of vapor and enjoy the pleasure of electronic smoking in the best way possible, opt for KR808D-1 cartomizers and free yourself from the hassles of extra maintenance.


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New York Mets® Pennant Banner
Mets Pennant Banner
JBN506 Hurry, only 1 in stock!
In Stock - 1 business day processing+shipping
Your Price: $3.99 each
Show support for your favorite MLB team!Our New York Mets Pennant Banner features the Mets team logo printed in blue, orange and white on each individual pennant. Each Mets MLB banner measures 12 feet long. Use our New York Mets Pennant Banner for any baseball party or Mets themed party or to show your support on game night.
Complete your Mets themed party with our matching New York Mets party supplies.
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, contact our Customer Service Department at (firstname.lastname@example.com or 1-800-314-8794).
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July 20, 2013
Web: Purchase Tickets
Allstar Promotions Presents Daughtry
July 20, 2013: Daughtry at 7 p.m. Tickets $39.50
Allstar Promotions is bringing rock to Kewadin Casinos in this rockin' too good to miss summer concert explosion!
Daughtry at Kewadin Casinos Dream Makers Theater on Saturday July 20, 2013
Multi-platinum band Daughtry has scored four No. 1 hits, garnered four Grammy nominations, won four American Music Awards, sold over 7 million albums and played sold out concerts around the world in less than four years.
Daughtry's self-titled debut was the fastest selling rock debut in Soundscan history and its follow up Leave This Town marked the quintet's second consecutive No. 1 album. Daughtry's latest album Break The Spell, which was certified gold in 4 weeks, features new radio hit "Start of Something Good," the album builds on the band's reputation for melodic hooks and anthemic choruses while providing a powerful showcase for Chris Daughtry's emotionally resonant voice.
In addition to recording and touring, Daughtry is also dedicated to using its position to raise awareness about a number of charitable causes including being involved with the DC Comics We Can Be Heroes campaign. For more information visit: www.daughtryofficial.com
Tickets for this event are $39.50 and can be purchased at Kewadin Casinos box office or on line.
This is an Allstar Entertainment production event held at Kewadin Casinos.


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Microneedles : A Revolution of Transdermal Drug Delivery
Sponsored Links
Ashish Jain
Optimization of drug delivery through human skin is important in modern therapy. With the limitations of oral drug delivery and the pain and needle phobias associated with traditional injections, drug delivery research has focused on the transdermal delivery route.
This review considers various studies related to microneedles for transdermal drug deliveries. A formidable barrier to transdermal drug delivery is the stratum corneum, the superficial layer of the skin. In the last 10 years, microneedles were proposed as a mechanical tool to pierce through the stratum corneum, in order to create drug delivery channels without stimulating underlying pain nerves. Since then, the field of microneedles has rapidly evolved to spawn a plethora of potential transdermal applications. Using the tools of the microelectronics industry, microneedles have been fabricated with a range of sizes, shapes and materials. To address practical applications of microneedles, the ratio of microneedle fracture force to skin insertion force (i.e. margin of safety) was found to be optimal for needles with small tip radius and large wall thickness. Microneedles inserted into the skin of human subjects were reported as painless. Together, these results suggest that microneedles represent a promising technology to deliver therapeutic compounds into the skin for a range of possible applications.
If we analyze the history of human suffering, we observe that diseases and compulsions imposed by diseased states are considered to be a greater enemy to mankind rather than the death. Naturally, the ultimate aim of every therapy is to restore the normalcy of life, but ironically sometimes, the requirements of treatment are such that the normal rhythm of life is disturbed. Most drugs are administered in the form of pills or injections, but these methods of delivery are not always optimal. Medication taken orally must not only be absorbed successfully out of the intestine into the bloodstream, but also survive the harsh and enzyme-rich environments of the gastrointestinal tract and first pass through the liver. Drugs that cannot be taken as pills are usually administered by injection, which introduces the problems of pain, possible infection, and expertise required to carry out an injection. Both routes of delivery have added limitations as bolus delivery methods, where the full dose of drug is introduced into the body at once. An approach that is more appealing to patients and offers the possibility of controlled release over time using transdermal drug delivery.
Clinical benefits, industry interest and regulatory precedence had predicted a strong market for transdermal drug products due to limitation of conventional drug deliveries.1, 2 However, transdermal delivery is severely limited by the inability of the large majority of drugs to cross skin at therapeutic rates due to the great barrier imposed by skin's outer stratum corneum layer. Recently researchers focusing on overcoming problems associated with the barrier properties of the skin, reducing skin irritation rates and improving the aesthetics associated with passive patch systems.
To increase skin permeability, a number of different approaches has been studied, ranging from chemical/ lipid enhancers 3,4 to electric fields employing iontophoresis and electroporation 5,6 to pressure waves generated by ultrasound or photoacoustic effects 7,8. Although the mechanisms are all different, these methods share the common goal to disrupt stratum corneum structure in order to create ''holes'' big enough for molecules to pass through.
A new approach to transdermal drug delivery that acts as a bridge between the user-friendliness of patches and the broad effectiveness of hypodermic needles has recently received attention. By using needles of microns dimensions, termed microneedles, skin can be pierced to effectively deliver drugs, but do so in a minimally invasive and painless manner that lends itself to self-administration and slow delivery over time. It is proposed that micron-scale holes in the skin are likely to be safe, given that they are smaller than holes made by hypodermic needles or minor skin abrasions encountered in daily life.
Microneedles: A Novel Approach to Transdermal Drug Delivery
A microstructured transdermal system also called microneedle consists of an array of microstructured projections coated with a drug or vaccine that is applied to the skin to provide intradermal delivery of active agents, which otherwise would not cross the stratum corneum. The mechanism for delivery, however, is not based on diffusion as it is in other trandsermal drug delivery products. Instead, it is based on the temporary mechanical disruption of the skin and the placement of the drug or vaccine within the epidermis, where it can more readily reach its site of action
Microneedles are somewhat like traditional needles, but are fabricated on the micro scale. They are generally one micron in diameter and range from 1-100 microns in length. Microneedles have been fabricated with various materials such as: metals, silicon, silicon dioxide, polymers, glass and other materials. It is smaller the hypodermic needle, the less it hurts when it pierces skin and offer several advantages when compared to conventional needle technologies. The major advantage of microneedles over traditional needles is, when it is inserted into the skin it does not pass the stratum corneum, which is the outer 10-15 μm of the skin.9 Conventional needles which do pass this layer of skin may effectively transmit the drug but may lead to infection and pain. As for microneedles they can be fabricated to be long enough to penetrate the stratum corneum, but short enough not to puncture nerve endings. Thus reduces the chances of pain, infection, or injury.
Various types of needles have been fabricated as well, for example: solid (straight, bent, filtered), and hollow. Solid microneedles could eventually be used with drug patches to increase diffusion rates; solid-increase permeability by poking holes in skin, rub drug over area, or coat needles with drug.9
Hollow needles could eventually be used with drug patches and timed pumps to deliver drugs at specific times. Arrays of hollow needles could be used to continuously carry drugs into the body using simple diffusion or a pump system. Hollow microneedles could also be used to remove fluid from the body for analysis – such as blood glucose measurements – and to then supply microliter volumes of insulin or other drug as required.10
The hollow needle designs include tapered and beveled tips, and could eventually be used to deliver microliter quantities of drugs to very specific locations. The researchers demonstrated that an array of 400 microneedles can be used to pierce human skin delivering drug macromolecules. Very small microneedles could provide highly targeted drug administration to individual cells. These are capable of very accurate dosing, complex release patterns, local delivery and biological drug stability enhancement by storing in a micro volume that can be precisely controlled.11
Current Research in Microneedles Technology
The first microneedle arrays reported in the literature were etched into a silicon wafer and developed for intracellular delivery in vitro by Hashmi et al.12. These needles were inserted into cells and nematodes to increase molecular uptake and gene transfection. Henry et al.13 conducted the first study to determine if microneedles could be used to increase transdermal drug delivery. An array of solid Microneedles was embedded in cadaver skin, which caused skin permeability to a small model compound.
In a follow-up study, McAllister et al.14 studied permeability of cadaver skin to a range of different compounds and found that insulin, bovine serum albumin, and latex nanoparticles as large as 100 nm in diameter could cross the skin after treatment withmicroneedles. Mathematical modeling of the data indicated that transport of these compounds was by simple diffusion.
Extending in vitro findings to the in vivo environment, Lin et al.15 used microneedles either alone or in combination with iontophoresis to deliver 20-mer phosphorothioated oligodeoxynucleotides across the skin of hairless guinea pigs. A related study further demonstrated microneedle- enhanced delivery of desmopressin and human growth hormone using a similar approach 16.
Using solid microneedles of a different design, Martanto et al. 17 delivered insulin to diabetic hairless rats in vivo. Microneedle arrays were inserted into the skin using a high-velocity injector and shown by microscopy to embed fully within the skin. Matriano et al.18 examined the use of Microneedles to deliver ovalbumin as a model protein antigen coated onto the needle surface. Microneedles were prepared with a dry-film coating of antigen and then inserted into the skin of hairless guinea pigs in vivo using a high-velocity injector. Mikszta et al.19 studied delivery of naked plasmid DNA into skin using microneedles. The arrays were dipped into a solution of DNA and scraped multiple times across the skin of mice in vivo to create microabrasions.
A variety of hollow microneedles have been fabricated, but only limited work has been published on their possible use to deliver compounds into skin. McAllister et al.14 used single glass Microneedles inserted into the skin of diabetic hairless rats in vivo to deliver insulin during a 30-min infusion. In related studies, Stoeber and Liepmann 20 demonstrated injection into chicken thigh in vitro using microneedle arrays. Chen and Wise 21 used microneedles to inject chemical stimuli into brain tissue in vivo. Smart and Subramanian 22 used single microneedles to extract nanoliter quantities of blood from the skin to measure glucose levels.
Kaushik et al. 23 carried out a small trial to determine if microneedles are perceived as painless by human subjects. Microneedle arrays were inserted into the skin of 12 subjects and compared to pressing a flat surface against the skin (negative control) and inserting a 26-gauge hypodermic needle into the skin surface (positive control). Subjects were unable to distinguish between the painless sensation of the flat surface and that caused by microneedles. All subjects found the sensation caused by the hypodermic needle to be much more painful. Other studies have also reported that microneedles were applied to human subjects in a painless manner 19,22.
Several new and interesting microneedle concepts have been recently proposed which may find great utility in the future. For example, biodegradable polymer microneedles have recently been fabricated and characterized. The advantage of polymer needles is that they may be produced much more inexpensively (compared to silicon) and they should not pose a problem if they break in the skin since they are biodegradable 24. This study addresses microneedles made of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, which are expected to improve safety and manufacturability. To make biodegradable polymer microneedles with sharp tips, micro-electromechanical masking and etching were adapted to produce beveled- and chisel-tip microneedles and a new fabrication method was developed to produce tapered-cone microneedles using an in situ lens-based lithographic approach.
Gill et al (2007) have been studied on coating of Microneedle. A novel micron-scale dip-coating process and a GRAS coating formulation were designed to reliably produce uniform coatings on both individual and arrays of microneedles. This process was used to coat compounds including calcein, vitamin B, bovine serum albumin and plasmid DNA. Modified vaccinia virus and microparticles of 1 to 20 μm diameter were also coated. In conclusion, this study presents a simple, versatile, and controllable method to coat microneedles with proteins, DNA, viruses and microparticles for rapid delivery into the skin.25
Recently Lee et al (2008) has studied on dissolving microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. This study presents a design that encapsulates molecules within microneedles that dissolve within the skin for bolus or sustained delivery and leave behind no biohazardous sharp medical waste.26
A review of the literature shows that microneedles can be fabricated by a number of different methods to yield a variety of needle sizes, shapes and materials. It could be very good technique to increase diffusion rates of drug macromolecules. Very small microneedles could provide highly targeted drug administration to individual cells. These are capable of very accurate dosing, complex release patterns, local delivery and biological drug stability enhancement by storing in a micro volume that can be precisely controlled.These studies suggest that microneedles may provide a powerful new approach to transdermal drug delivery.
[1] Daugherty AL, Mrsny RJ. Emerging technologies that overcome biological barriers for therapeutic protein delivery. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2003;3(7): 1071-81.
[2] Nir Y, Paz A, Sabo E, Potasman I. Fear of injections in young adults:prevalence and associations. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2003;68(3):341e4.
[3] B. Barry, A. Williams, Penetration enhancers, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56 (2003) 603–618.
[4] G. Cevc, Lipid vesicles and other colloids as drug carriers on the skin, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56 (2004) 675– 711.
[5] Y. Kalia, R. Guy, Iontophoresis, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (in press).
[6] V. Preat, R. Vanbever, Skin electroporation for transdermal and topical delivery, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56 (2004) 659–674.
[7] A. Doukas, Transdermal delivery with a pressure wave, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56 (2004) 559–579.
[8] S. Mitragotri, J. Kost, Low-frequency sonophoresis: a review, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56 (2004) 589–601.
[9] S Henry, D V McAllister, M G Allen and M R Prausnitz, Microfabricated Microneedles: A Novel Approach to Transdermal Drug Delivery, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1998, 87: 922-925.
[10] Microneedles: Report Describes Progress in Developing New Technology for Painless Drug and Vaccine Delivery, Georgia Research Tech News. (2003).
[11] J. Zachary Hilt, Nicholas A. PeppasMicrofabricated drug delivery devices International Journal of Pharmaceutics 306 (2005) 15–23
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About Authors:
Ashish Jain is presently working as Assistant professor in the department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology at Bansal College of Pharmacy, Kokta, Aanand Nagar, Bhopal-462021, M.P., India. He has worked on iontophoretic drug delivery system during his post graduation (M.Pharm) and has got international publications of this work. He further focuses his research activity in the other novel drug deliver system.
Corresponding Author: E-mail: email@example.com
Mob. No. +919981574693
Mr. Vinod Dhote is a final year B.Pharma student of Bansal College of Pharmacy, Kokta, Aanand Nagar, Bhopal-462021, M.P., India. He has completed his project on microneedle during his graduation. He is now focusing on other novel drug deliver system.
Mr. Hemant Dhongade is presently working as Assistant professor in the department of Pharmacogonosy at Bansal College of Pharmacy, Kokta, Aanand Nagar, Bhopal-462021, M.P., India. He has worked on Antihyperlipidemic activity of herbal drugs during his post graduation (M.Pharm) and was awarded the first prize for same work. He further focuses his research activity in characterization and standardization of herbal medicines.
Mr. Sandip Sumbhate is presently working as Assistant professor in the department of Pharmaceutical chemistry at Bansal College of Pharmacy, Kokta, Aanand Nagar, Bhopal-462021, M.P., India. He has worked on colorimetric estimation of sertaralin and estimazole in their tablet dosage forms during his post graduation (M.Pharm). He further focuses his research activity in analysis of drugs in tablet dosage form.
Dr. Satish Nayak is currently working as Principal in Bansal College of Pharmacy, Kokta, Aanand Nagar, Bhopal-462021, M.P., India. He earned his Ph.D in pharmacogonosy. Dr. Satish Nayak has 15 years of academic and research experience. He has more than 25 national and international research papers to his credit.