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Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor
The Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor also known as pVHL is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VHL gene. Mutations of the VHL gene are associated with Von Hippel–Lindau disease.
Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome (VHL) is a dominantly inherited hereditary cancer syndrome predisposing to a variety of malignant and benign tumors of the eye, brain, spinal cord, kidney, pancreas, and adrenal glands. A germline mutation of this gene is the basis of familial inheritance of VHL syndrome. Individuals with VHL syndrome inherit one mutation in the VHL protein that causes the protein's normal function to be lost or altered. Over time, sporadic mutation in the second copy of the VHL protein can lead to carcinomas, in particular hemangioblastomas affecting the liver and kidneys, renal (and vaginal) clear cell adenocarcinomas.
The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the protein complex that includes elongin B, elongin C, and cullin-2, and possesses ubiquitin ligase E3 activity. This complex is involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the regulation of gene expression by oxygen. RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2G/RPB7 is also reported to be a target of this protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.[1]
The disease is caused by mutations of the VHL gene on the short arm of the third chromosome (3p26–p25).
The resultant protein is produced in two forms, an 18 kDa and a 30 kDa protein that functions as a tumor suppressor. The main action of the VHL protein is thought to be its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that results in specific target proteins being 'marked' for degradation.
The most researched of these targets is hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF1a), a transcription factor that induces the expression of a number of angiogenesis related factors.[2]
HIF is necessary for tumor growth because most cancers demand high metabolic activity and are only supplied by structurally or functionally inadequate vasculature. Activation of HIF allows for enhanced angiogenesis, which in turn allows for increased glucose intake. While HIF is mostly active in hypoxic conditions, VHL-defective renal carcinoma cells show constitutive activation of HIF even in oxygenated environments.
It is clear that VHL and HIF interact closely. Firstly, all renal cell carcinoma mutations in VHL that have been tested affect the protein's ability to modify HIF. Additionally, HIF activation can be detected in the earliest events in tumorigenesis in patients with VHL syndrome. In normal cells in hypoxic conditions, HIF1A is activated with little activation of HIF2A. However, in tumors the balance of HIF1A and HIF2A is tipped towards HIF2A. While HIF1A serves as a pro-apoptotic factor, HIF2A interacts with Cyclin D1. This leads to increased survival due to lower rates of apoptosis and increased proliferation due to the activation of Cyclin D1.[3]
In the normal cell with active VHL protein, HIF alpha is regulated by hydroxylation in the presence of oxygen. When iron, 2-oxoglutarate and oxygen are present, HIF is inactivated by HIF hydroxylases. Hydroxylation of HIF creates a binding site for pVHL (the protein transcript of the VHL gene).[4] pVHL directs the polyubiquitylation of HIF1A, ensuring that this protein will be degraded by the proteasome. In hypoxic conditions, HIF1A subunits accumulate and bind to HIFB. This heterodimer of HIF is a transcription factor that activates genes that encode for proteins such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erthyropoietin, proteins that are both involved in angiogenesis. Cells with abnormal pVHL are unable to disrupt the formation of these dimers, and therefore behave like they are hypoxic even in oxygenated environments.
HIF has also been linked to mTOR, a central controller of growth decisions. It has recently been shown that HIF activation can inactivate mTOR.[5]
Interestingly, HIF can help explain the organ specific nature of VHL syndrome. It has been theorized that constitutively activating HIF in any cell could lead to cancer, but that there are redundant regulators of HIF in organs not affected by VHL syndrome. This theory has been disproved multiple times since in all cell types loss of VHL function leads to constitutive activation of HIF and its downstream effects. Another theory holds that although in all cells loss of VHL leads to activation of HIF, in most cells this leads to no advantage in proliferation or survival. Additionally, the nature of the mutation in the VHL protein leads to phenotypic manifestations in the pattern of cancer that develops. Nonsense or deletion mutations of VHL protein have been linked to type 1 VHL with a low risk of pheochromocytoma (adrenal gland tumors). Type 2 VHL has been linked to missense mutations and is linked to a high risk of pheochromocytoma. Type 2 has also been further subdivided based on risks of renal cell carcinoma. In types 1, 2A and 2B the mutant pVHL is defective in HIF regulation, while type 2C mutant are defective in protein kinase C regulation.[6] These genotype–phenotype correlations suggest that missense mutations of pVHL lead to a 'gain of function' protein.[7]
The involvement in VHL in renal cell cancer can be rationalized via multiple characteristics of renal cells. First, they are more sensitive to the effects of growth factors created downstream of HIF activation than other cells. Secondly, the link to Cyclin D1 (as mentioned above) is only seen in renal cells. Finally, many cells in the kidney normally operate under hypoxic conditions. This may give them a proliferative advantage over other cells while in hypoxic environments.[6]
In addition to its interaction with HIF the VHL protein can also associate with tubulin.[8] It is then capable to stabilize and thus elongate microtubules. This function plays a key role in the stabilisation of the spindle during mitosis. Deletion of VHL causes a drastic increase of misorientated and rotating spindles during mitosis. Through a not yet known mechanism VHL is also increases the concentration of MAD2, an important protein of the spindle checkpoint. Thus VHL-loss leads to a weakened checkpoint and subsequently chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy.
It stands to reason that the loss of VHL protein activity results in an increased amount of HIF1a, and thus increased levels of angiogenic factors, including VEGF and PDGF. In turn, this leads to unregulated blood vessel growth, one of the prerequisites of a tumor. Additionally, VHL has been implicated in maintaining the differentiated phenotype in renal cells.[3] Furthermore, in vitro experiments with VHL -/- cells have shown that the addition of pVHL can induce a mesenchymal to epithelial transition. This evidence suggests that VHL has a central role in maintaining a differentiated phenotype in the cell.[6]
Additionally, pVHL is important for extracellular matrix formation.[9] This protein may also be important in inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. These ideas are extremely important in the metastasis of VHL-deficient cells. In classical VHL disease a single wild-type allele in VHL appears to be sufficient to maintain normal cardiopulmonary function.[10]
Suggested targets for VHL-related cancers include targets of the HIF pathway, such as VEGF. Inhibitors of VEGF receptor sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, and recently axitinib have been approved by the FDA.[6] The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin[11] analogs everolimus and temsirolimus or VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab may also be an option.
Since iron, 2-oxoglutarate and oxygen are necessary for the inactivation of HIF, it has been theorized that a lack of these cofactors could reduce the ability of hydroxlases in inactivating HIF. A recent study has shown that in cells with a high activation of HIF even in oxygenated environments was reversed by supplying the cells with ascorbate.[12] Thus, Vitamin C may be a potential treatment for HIF induced tumors.
Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor has been shown to interact with CCDC82,[13] USP33,[14] PHF17,[15] SAP130,[16] HIF1AN,[17] Nerve Growth factor IB,[18] Filamin,[15][19] TCEB1,[14][18][19][20][21][22][23] PSMC3,[24] CUL2,[16][20][21][23][25] HIF1A[17][18][22][24][26][27][28][29][30][31] and TCEB2.[16][20][21][22][23]
See also[edit]
- ^ "Entrez Gene: VHL von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor".
- ^ Czyzyk-Krzeska MF, Meller J (2004). "von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor: not only HIF's executioner". Trends in molecular medicine 10 (4): 146–9. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.02.004. PMID 15162797.
- ^ a b Maxwell, 2005
- ^ Kaelin, WG (2007). "The von Hippel–Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein and Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma". Clinical Cancer Research 13 (2 Suppl): 680s–684s. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1865. PMID 17255293.
- ^ Brugarolas J, Lei K, Hurley RL, Manning BD, Reiling JH, Hafen E, et al. (2004). "Regulation of mTOR function in response to hypoxia by REDD1 and the TSC1/TSC2 tumor suppressor complex.". Genes & Development 18 (23): 2893–904. doi:10.1101/gad.1256804. PMC 534650. PMID 15545625.
- ^ a b c d Kaelin, 2007
- ^ Kaelin, WG (2002). "Molecular Basis of the VHL Hereditary Cancer Syndrome". Nature Reviews Cancer 2 (9): 673–682. doi:10.1038/nrc885. PMID 12209156.
- ^ Lolkema MP, Mehra N, Jorna AS, van Beest M, Giles RH, Voest EE (December 2004). "The von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor protein influences microtubule dynamics at the cell periphery". Exp. Cell Res. 301 (2): 139–46. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.07.016. PMID 15530850.
- ^ Kaelin, 2002
- ^ Formenti F, Beer PA, Croft QPP, Dorrington KL, Gale DP, Lappin TRJ, Lucas GS, Maher ER, Maxwell PH, McMullin MF, O'Connor DF, Percy MJ, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Smith TG, Talbot NP and Robbins PA (March 2011). "Cardiopulmonary function in two human disorders of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway: von Hippel-Lindau disease and HIF-2α gain-of-function mutation". The FASEB Journal (United States) 25 (6): 2001–11. doi:10.1096/fj.10-177378. PMC 3159892. PMID 21389259.
- ^ Kaelin, WG (2004). "The von Hippel–Lindau Tumor Suppressor Gene and Kidney Cancer". Clinical Cancer Research 10 (18 Pt 2): 6290s–6295s. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-sup-040025. PMID 15448019.
- ^ Knowles HJ, Raval RR, Harris AL, Ratcliffe, PJ. (2003). "Effect of ascorbate on the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor in cancer cells". Cancer Research 63 (8): 1764–8. PMID 12702559.
- ^ "CCDC82 Pathways/Interactions". Gene Cards. Weizmann Institute of Science.
- ^ a b Li, Zaibo; Na Xi; Wang Dakun; Schoen Susan R; Messing Edward M; Wu Guan (February 2002). "Ubiquitination of a novel deubiquitinating enzyme requires direct binding to von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor protein". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (7): 4656–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108269200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11739384.
- ^ a b Zhou, Mina I; Wang Hongmei; Ross Jonathan J; Kuzmin Igor; Xu Chengen; Cohen Herbert T (October 2002). "The von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor stabilizes novel plant homeodomain protein Jade-1". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (42): 39887–98. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205040200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12169691.
- ^ a b c Menon, Suchithra; Tsuge Tomohiko; Dohmae Naoshi; Takio Koji; Wei Ning (2008). "Association of SAP130/SF3b-3 with Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes and its regulation by the COP9 signalosome". BMC Biochem. (England) 9: 1. doi:10.1186/1471-2091-9-1. PMC 2265268. PMID 18173839.
- ^ a b Mahon, P C; Hirota K; Semenza G L (October 2001). "FIH-1: a novel protein that interacts with HIF-1alpha and VHL to mediate repression of HIF-1 transcriptional activity". Genes Dev. (United States) 15 (20): 2675–86. doi:10.1101/gad.924501. ISSN 0890-9369. PMC 312814. PMID 11641274.
- ^ a b c Kim, Bu Yeon; Kim Hyungsoo; Cho Eun Jung; Youn Hong Duk (February 2008). "Nur77 upregulates HIF-alpha by inhibiting pVHL-mediated degradation". Experimental & Molecular Medicine (Korea (South)) 40 (1): 71–83. doi:10.3858/emm.2008.40.1.71. ISSN 1226-3613. PMC 2679322. PMID 18305400.
- ^ a b Tsuchiya, H; Iseda T; Hino O (July 1996). "Identification of a novel protein (VBP-1) binding to the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene product". Cancer Res. (UNITED STATES) 56 (13): 2881–5. ISSN 0008-5472. PMID 8674032.
- ^ a b c Ewing, Rob M; Chu Peter, Elisma Fred, Li Hongyan, Taylor Paul, Climie Shane, McBroom-Cerajewski Linda, Robinson Mark D, O'Connor Liam, Li Michael, Taylor Rod, Dharsee Moyez, Ho Yuen, Heilbut Adrian, Moore Lynda, Zhang Shudong, Ornatsky Olga, Bukhman Yury V, Ethier Martin, Sheng Yinglun, Vasilescu Julian, Abu-Farha Mohamed, Lambert Jean-Philippe, Duewel Henry S, Stewart Ian I, Kuehl Bonnie, Hogue Kelly, Colwill Karen, Gladwish Katharine, Muskat Brenda, Kinach Robert, Adams Sally-Lin, Moran Michael F, Morin Gregg B, Topaloglou Thodoros, Figeys Daniel (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein–protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. (England) 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.
- ^ a b c Ohh, M; Takagi Y; Aso T; Stebbins C E; Pavletich N P; Zbar B; Conaway R C; Conaway J W; Kaelin W G (Dec 1999). "Synthetic peptides define critical contacts between elongin C, elongin B, and the von Hippel–Lindau protein". J. Clin. Invest. (UNITED STATES) 104 (11): 1583–91. doi:10.1172/JCI8161. ISSN 0021-9738. PMC 481054. PMID 10587522.
- ^ a b c Min, Jung-Hyun; Yang Haifeng; Ivan Mircea; Gertler Frank; Kaelin William G; Pavletich Nikola P (June 2002). "Structure of an HIF-1alpha -pVHL complex: hydroxyproline recognition in signaling". Science (United States) 296 (5574): 1886–9. doi:10.1126/science.1073440. PMID 12004076.
- ^ a b c Hacker, Kathryn E; Lee Caroline Martz; Rathmell W Kimryn (2008). Zhang, Baohong, ed. "VHL type 2B mutations retain VBC complex form and function". PLoS ONE (United States) 3 (11): e3801. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003801. PMC 2583047. PMID 19030229.
- ^ a b Corn, Paul G; McDonald E Robert, Herman James G, El-Deiry Wafik S (November 2003). "Tat-binding protein-1, a component of the 26S proteasome, contributes to the E3 ubiquitin ligase function of the von Hippel–Lindau protein". Nat. Genet. (United States) 35 (3): 229–37. doi:10.1038/ng1254. ISSN 1061-4036. PMID 14556007.
- ^ Kamura, T; Burian D; Yan Q; Schmidt S L; Lane W S; Querido E; Branton P E; Shilatifard A; Conaway R C; Conaway J W (August 2001). "Muf1, a novel Elongin BC-interacting leucine-rich repeat protein that can assemble with Cul5 and Rbx1 to reconstitute a ubiquitin ligase". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (32): 29748–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103093200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11384984.
- ^ Li, Zaibo; Wang Dakun; Na Xi; Schoen Susan R; Messing Edward M; Wu Guan (April 2003). "The VHL protein recruits a novel KRAB-A domain protein to repress HIF-1alpha transcriptional activity". EMBO J. (England) 22 (8): 1857–67. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg173. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 154465. PMID 12682018.
- ^ Tanimoto, K; Makino Y; Pereira T; Poellinger L (August 2000). "Mechanism of regulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha by the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor protein". EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 19 (16): 4298–309. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.16.4298. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 302039. PMID 10944113.
- ^ Yu, F; White S B; Zhao Q; Lee F S (August 2001). "HIF-1alpha binding to VHL is regulated by stimulus-sensitive proline hydroxylation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States) 98 (17): 9630–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.181341498. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 55503. PMID 11504942.
- ^ Jung, Joo Eun; Kim Hong Sook, Lee Chang Seok, Shin Yong Jae, Kim Yong Nyun, Kang Gyeong Hoon, Kim Tae You, Juhnn Yong Sung, Kim Sung Joon, Park Jong Wan, Ye Sang Kyu, Chung Myung Hee (October 2008). "STAT3 inhibits the degradation of HIF-1alpha by pVHL-mediated ubiquitination". Experimental & Molecular Medicine (Korea (South)) 40 (5): 479–85. doi:10.3858/emm.2008.40.5.479. ISSN 1226-3613. PMC 2679355. PMID 18985005.
- ^ André, Helder; Pereira Teresa S (October 2008). "Identification of an alternative mechanism of degradation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 283 (43): 29375–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.M805919200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMC 2662024. PMID 18694926.
- ^ Park, Young-Kwon; Ahn Dae-Ro; Oh Myoungsuk; Lee Taekyoung; Yang Eun Gyeong; Son Miwon; Park Hyunsung (July 2008). "Nitric oxide donor, (+/-)-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, stabilizes transactive hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha by inhibiting von Hippel–Lindau recruitment and asparagine hydroxylation". Mol. Pharmacol. (United States) 74 (1): 236–45. doi:10.1124/mol.108.045278. PMID 18426857.
Further reading[edit]
- Esteban M, Harten S, Tran M, Maxwell P (2006). "Formation of primary cilia in the renal epithelium is regulated by the von hippel–lindau tumor suppressor protein". J Am Soc Nephrol 17 (7): 1801–6. doi:10.1681/ASN.2006020181. PMID 16775032.
- Takahashi K, Iida K, Okimura Y, Takahashi Y, Naito J, Nishikawa S, Kadowaki S, Iguchi G, Kaji H, Chihara K (2006). "A novel mutation in the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor gene identified in a Japanese family with pheochromocytoma and hepatic hemangioma". Intern Med 45 (5): 265–9. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.45.1547. PMID 16595991.
- Hoebeeck J, Vandesompele J, Nilsson H, De Preter K, Van Roy N, De Smet E, Yigit N, De Paepe A, Laureys G, Påhlman S, Speleman F (2006). "The von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor gene expression level has prognostic value in neuroblastoma". Int J Cancer 119 (3): 624–9. doi:10.1002/ijc.21888. PMID 16506218.
- Graff, JW et al. (2005). "The VHL Handbook: What You Need to Know about VHL". VHL Family Alliance 12 (1): 1–56.
- Lonser RR; Glenn, GM; Walther, M; Chew, EY; Libutti, SK; Linehan, WM; Oldfield, EH (2003). "Von Hippel–Lindau Disease". Lancet 361 (9374): 2059–2067. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13643-4. PMID 12814730.
- Neumann HP, Wiestler OD (1991). "Clustering of features of von Hippel–Lindau syndrome: evidence for a complex genetic locus". Lancet 337 (8749): 1052–4. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)91705-Y. PMID 1673491.
- Kamura T, Conaway JW, Conaway RC (2002). "Roles of SCF and VHL ubiquitin ligases in regulation of cell growth". Prog. Mol. Subcell. Biol. 29: 1–15. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56373-7_1. PMID 11908068.
- Kaelin WG (2002). "Molecular basis of the VHL hereditary cancer syndrome". Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 (9): 673–82. doi:10.1038/nrc885. PMID 12209156.
- Conaway RC, Conaway JW (2003). "The von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor complex and regulation of hypoxia-inducible transcription". Adv. Cancer Res. 85: 1–12. doi:10.1016/S0065-230X(02)85001-1. PMID 12374282.
- Czyzyk-Krzeska MF, Meller J (2004). "von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor: not only HIF's executioner". Trends in molecular medicine 10 (4): 146–9. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.02.004. PMID 15162797.
- Kaelin WG (2004). "The von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor gene and kidney cancer". Clin. Cancer Res. 10 (18 Pt 2): 6290S–5S. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-sup-040025. PMID 15448019.
- Kralovics R, Skoda RC (2005). "Molecular pathogenesis of Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative disorders". Blood Rev. 19 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2004.02.002. PMID 15572213.
- Schipani E (2006). "Hypoxia and HIF-1 alpha in chondrogenesis". Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 16 (4–5): 539–46. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.03.003. PMID 16144691.
- Russell RC, Ohh M (2007). "The role of VHL in the regulation of E-cadherin: a new connection in an old pathway". Cell Cycle 6 (1): 56–9. doi:10.4161/cc.6.1.3668. PMID 17245122.
- Kaelin WG (2007). "The von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor protein and clear cell renal carcinoma". Clin. Cancer Res. 13 (2 Pt 2): 680s–684s. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1865. PMID 17255293.
External links[edit]
- VHL Alliance
- GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome or Angiomatosis Retinae, VHL Syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau Disease
- Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)


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How The CIA Helped The Yakuza & The LDP In Japan
I just finished re-reading Tim WeinerŌĆÖs magnum opus, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA ,which is perhaps the best book ever written on the Central Intelligence Agency, and its general history of dismal failures. On the eve of the LDPŌĆÖs retaking of power, December 16th 2012, I thought it might be interesting to take a look back at the LDP and how they came into being in the first place. ItŌĆÖs like a story out of a John Le Carre novel, but as is often the case, truth is stranger than fictionŌĆōand more interesting.
Operations in Japan turned out to be one of the AgencyŌĆÖs rare success stories. Not only did the CIA put their party of choice in power, according the book ÕĤńÖ║ µŁŻÕŖø CIA-µ®¤Õ»åµ¢ćµøĖŃü¦Ķ¬ŁŃéƵśŁÕÆīĶŻÅķØóÕÅ▓┬Ā(What Secret Documents Tell Us About The Hidden Showa-Era History of Ties Between the Nuclear Industry, Matustaro ShorikiŌĆōthe former president of the Yomiuri Shimbun and founder of Nippon Television) published by Shinchosha, but using the Japanese media, they were able to convince Japan to invest in nuclear energy. Of course, US firms reaped the profits. But thatŌĆÖs another very long story.
Legacy of Ashes is a phenomenal book, especially in how it documents the CIAŌĆÖs many, many failuresŌĆōbut operations in Japan were something else.
Chapter 12: ŌĆ£We Ran It In A Different WayŌĆØ is a must for anyone interested in the shadow history of Japan. It details how in post-war Japan, the CIA, using large amounts of cash, reinstated former war criminal Kodama Yoshio and hand-picked one of JapanŌĆÖs Prime MinistersŌĆōin order to supress communist/socialist movements. Kodama had extensive yakuza ties and huge amounts of capital made in the black markets in China. ($175 million estimated). The Tokyo CIA station reported on September 10th, 1953, ŌĆ£(Kodama) is a professional liar, gangster, charlatan, and outright thiefŌĆ".and has no interest in anything but the profits.ŌĆØ It still didnŌĆÖt keep the CIA from doing business with him up to that time and behind the scenes later. The chapter also notes how the CIA was able to ensure that Nobusuke Kishi became JapanŌĆÖs prime minister and the chief of its ruling party, in order to ensure that Japan didnŌĆÖt go red. The president himself seemed to have authorized huge cash payments to Kishi and his other lackeys within the LDP.
KishiŌĆÖs links to the Yamaguchi-gumi and other organized crime groups are well-known. His former private secretary was instrumental in organizing the deal between former Yamaguchi-gumi Goto-gumi boss, Goto Tadamasa, and the FBI; it was a deal in which Goto shared intelligence on organized crime groups within Japan and information on North Korea in exchange for a visa to the the United States. He received a liver transplant at UCLA, a transaction which the FBI did not set up or was involved in. Some of this is discussed in┬ĀTokyo Vice.
According to the excellent book, The Japanese Mafia by Peter Hill, and other sources, ┬ĀKishi also once put up the bail money for a Yamaguchi-gumi boss accused of a felony. ┬ĀGoto Tadamasa, the ex-yakuza boss (currently a Buddhist priest doing charitable work) in his memoirs Habkarinagra (Pardon me butŌĆ") also discusses his close ties to ex-Prime Minister Kishi. Robert Whiting in the seminal Tokyo Underworld also covers US political connections to organized crime ┬Āin Japan in great depth and quite entertainingly. Whiting-san worked for the National Security Agency at one point in his life and what he says has great credibility as far as IŌĆÖm concerned. (IŌĆÖm not outing Robert by writing that he once worked for the NSA; it was mentioned in a Japan Times article several years ago and proved to be correct.) David KaplanŌĆÖs groundbreaking┬ĀYakuza:JapanŌĆÖs Criminal Underworld was probably the first book to really examine the shadowy ties between the yakuza, the LDP and the US after the occupation. What makes Tim WeinerŌĆÖs small chapter so impressive are the extensive notes, documents obtained from the CIA, and that he apparently conducted interviews on the CIA side as well. Impressive work.
Kodama, the right-wing industrialist mentioned above, ┬Āis notorious for his gangster connections but perhaps what best illustrates the point is that in the early sixties, Kodoma, Taoka Kazuo (ńö░Õ▓Ī õĖĆķøäµ░Å), the third generation leader of the Yamaguchi-gumi, and Machii Hisayuki ┬Ā(ńö║õ║Ģ õ╣ģõ╣ŗ) head of the once powerful Japanese-Korean mafia, Toseikai'╝łµØ▒ÕŻ░õ╝Ü) all served as board members of the Japan Professional Wrestling Association at the same time. They were all good buddies. As noted in Legacy Of Ashes, and in other sources, the Liberal Democratic Party was founded with a mixture of criminal proceeds, yakuza money, and US funds. The days when the US were able to exert control over Japanese politics are long gone but the yakuza have managed to maintain their own ties and connections to politicians across the board. For the Japanese government, they are still a useful entity, at times, and before the APEC summit, calls were sent out to all the major yakuza leaders urging them not to get into any gang wars and to keep an eye on anti-American lefties. After APEC ends, the aftermath of someone lobbing a hand-grenade into the headquarters of the Yamaguchi-gumi Yamaken-gumi headquarters will probably result in a bloody gang war. But for the time being, the yakuza are keeping the peace.
Full Disclosure Memo: In the worst of the Japanese press and blogosphere, IŌĆÖve been accused of being an agent of the CIA several times. Or the Mossad. Take your pick. This is untrue. IŌĆÖm not a Mormon, have been very promiscious, and I am not totally inept, all things which disqualify me off the bat. However, in 2006-2007, ┬Āas part of a US State Department sponsored study on human trafficking in Japan, ┬ĀI worked with a company which has many retired CIA/NSA employees and has been accused of being a front company for the CIA. I donŌĆÖt know if they are or arenŌĆÖt a front company and I donŌĆÖt really care. The study and the Human Trafficking report that came out of it had a positive impact on JapanŌĆÖs attitude towards dealing with human trafficking isssues and thatŌĆÖs really all that matters.
If youŌĆÖre interested in the outsourcing of intelligence, pick up a copy of Spies For Hire: The Secret World Of Intelligence Outsourcing *by Tim Shorrock. The CIA contractor card on the cover has a partial picture of a Jewish looking fellow but I donŌĆÖt think thatŌĆÖs me. Not unless someone issued me a nifty little card and didnŌĆÖt tell me about it. ItŌĆÖs an incredibly well-written book which is now back in print. (Thanks to Mr. Shorrock for letting us know.)
* I was contacted by a yakuza fan magazine journalist roughly two months ago who asserted that it was me on the cover of Spies For Hire and tried to shake me down for cash, obliquely. ┬ĀSo by writing this post, IŌĆÖm also saying ŌĆ£f*ck you very much.ŌĆØ ┬ĀPersonally, whatŌĆÖs the most insulting thing about being accused of being a former CIA agent, and no offense to anyone working for the agency intended, but they have such a dismal success rate that itŌĆÖs kind of like being accused of working for post-Bush FEMA. It wounds my pride. Most people who are in ŌĆ£the intelligence communityŌĆØ would argue that actually the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) has the best actionable intelligence of any agency .


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Millman Testimony Against Proposed Charter School
November 29, 2011
Brooklyn – Thank you for the opportunity to address you tonight. I am Assemblywoman Joan Millman and I represent Brownstone Brooklyn including the neighborhoods of Boerum Hill, Carroll Gardens and Cobble Hill. I am here tonight to state my firm opposition to the co-location of a charter school at this location at this time. Not once has a parent contacted me to request the opening of a charter school, but I have received 90 emails in opposition. All of our pre-kindergarten and kindergarten classrooms are over subscribed and the demand keeps growing. The private school options are also oversubscribed. I have received phone calls from parents whose children were denied seats at our local elementary schools. Many have been placed on long waiting lists only to be informed in the early fall that there was not a seat to be had. An early childhood center located here at K293 solves three problems for our neighborhood youngsters. It allows the Brooklyn School for Global Studies to continue to improve and expand. With the help of a federal school improvement grant this school recently achieved a letter grade of a B. They will not be able to expand if a K to 8 school makes its home here. An early childhood center located here will reduce overcrowding in the upper grade classes in neighboring schools. An early childhood center will provide seats for youngsters who have been denied access to existing programs and reduces overcrowding in these same classes. Charter schools certainly offer parents an alternative choice where schools are scheduled to be closed by the DOE and if area schools are rated D or F in the student performance section of the annual report. That's simply not the case here. For these reasons I remain opposed to this co-location Thank you.


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Friday Night: Hanukkah and Shabbat
In 2007, I was in the middle of my Judaic study for conversion. I had been to very few Shabbat services in the synagogue. My first full service was on Hanukkah Shabbat. That particular week services were done "in the round" and I remember being so excited to celebrate two holidays in one night. My husband warned me not to get my hopes up, "Hanukkah isn't a big deal, you'll barely notice." I remember the service was beautiful. The cantor's voice was captivating and even made me forget how intimidating the Hebrew was.
I waited, and waited and still no mention of Hanukkah. The torah portion touched on the story a little but there were no bells or whistles. There was no jubilation. At the end of the services a Hanukiah was lit and they gave everyone with a December birthday a chocolate bar. This concluded the service.
I was bummed. That was it?
If I were considering giving up Christmas, I had hoped to take comfort in the fact that at least there was SOME Jewish holiday in December that I could celebrate with enthusiasm. But the minor role that Hanukkah plays in the Jewish calendar was never more apparent than on that night.
I remember when our Rabbi talked about Jewish holidays he said that his favorite holiday was Shabbat and that Jews were infinitely lucky because we are able to welcome it every week. If you were to ask my toddler what his favorite holiday is, he would tell you "baht-baht." He asks all week when Shabbat is. He talks about challah and wine and candles. He brings me his Shabbat books and it brings tears to my eyes to watch him dance around at tot Shabbat on Friday mornings.
The last three nights when we've lit our menorah, he's clapped "candles! baht-baht! again!" and instead of telling him that we have to wait until next week we get to say, "Tomorrow. We can light them again tomorrow."
Tonight is the Hanukah Shabbat that I've been waiting for — a minor holiday blending with a major one that will bring twice the candles, and twice the blessings. My toddler's excitement for these two holidays both burning brightly together fills my heart with joy and this weekend I remember not the faith of my past – but the light of my future.
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I recently had an amazing time chatting with the website Japan Cinema! Check out our interview here:
The FP will be distributed by Drafthouse Films! The press release on the Drafthouse Films website and the article in Variety:
http://drafthousefilms.com/the-fp http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118040739?categoryid=13&cs=1&cmpid=RSS|News|LatestNews
The FP will have its international premiere at the 2011 FanTasia International Film Festival on July 30th, 2011.
Dear Canada, are you ready for this shit or what??
The trailer for "THE FP" released on Aint' It Cool News via TheFilmStage.com:
Reviews of "THE FP" from South by Southwest (SXSW):
http://twitchfilm.com/reviews/2011/03/sxsw-2011-the-fp-review.phphttp://www.ugo.com/movies/the-fp-reviewhttp://www.chud.com/43339/review-the-fp-sxsw-11 More in a bit...
The new Danko Jones video for the song 'I Think Bad Thoughts'. With Elijah Wood, Ralph Macchio, Jena Malone, Frank Drank, Mike Watt, Art Hsu and Jason Trost. Directed by the Diamond Brothers.
The reviews for "THE FP" are hitting the blogosphere. Here is the moviefone.com review:
Behind the scenes of the new Danko Jones video for the song 'I Think Bad Thoughts':
An interview I did with channelAPA.com before the world premiere of 'THE FP' at South By Southwest (SXSW):
Video: http:///www.channelapa.com/2011/03/art-hsu-talks-about-the-fp.html
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Best smartphone camera photos #79
We're back with the 79th post in our special photographic-centric series where we present you with a number of awesome images taken by... well, you (and your cell phones).
So, which picture did you like most last time? The answer is Jonathan Carlos's photo, taken with the Samsung Galaxy S III. And a pretty well-deserved first place it is, we should say!
Of course, there are many other incredible images left to be seen. Let's continue with another set of 10 pics, each of which can easily convince even the most professionally-inclined photographer that cell phones are more than a toy in the camera department.
Please note that if your own awesome image is not included here, this doesn't mean that it won't end up on the site. We simply might not have gotten to it yet! So, we urge you to continue following us, as we'll be publishing more of these truly great photos in the following days and weeks.
We'd also like to remind you that you can continue submitting your cool cell phone pics to the following email address:
In order to not miss on all the glory, you also have to mention your name/nickname, as well as the phone you used to take the shots. A nice additional piece of info would be a name or a short description for the image.
With that, we now leave you with our 79th set of favorite photos...
Popular galleries
Ho-ho-ho, here's 9 discounted must-have Android and iOS games to keep you busy if the weather outside gets frightful
Samsung Galaxy S6 (Project Zero) rumor round-up: specs, features, price, release date and all we know so far
Huawei Honor 6 Plus first camera samples: see the output from the world's first variable aperture cameraphone
Let's look forward to 2015 with exciting concepts of upcoming smartphones from Apple, Samsung, and others!
- Which photo do you like most?
34 votes (34 votes) 1
34 votes (34 votes) 2
21 votes (21 votes) 3
120 votes (120 votes) 4
58 votes (58 votes) 5
7 votes (7 votes) 6
120 votes (120 votes) 7
69 votes (69 votes) 8
156 votes (156 votes) 9
6 votes (6 votes) 10
625 votes
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11 Comments
1. PunyPoop (Posts: 741; Member since: 18 Jan 2013)
Number 9 doesn't have the right framing, why is it leading?
and again THE CAT???
2. spiderpig2894 (Posts: 444; Member since: 10 Jan 2012)
I know! Because it is a 920? Number 4 is what I think the one who is really deserving. The framing and the use of light and shadows brings out the colors.
10. PunyPoop (Posts: 741; Member since: 18 Jan 2013)
These days, PHOTOGRAPHY is overshadowed by PICTOGRAPHY!
6. akki20892 (Posts: 3655; Member since: 04 Feb 2013)
My photo looks better than some of this photos that I had sent to them, but no selected.
3. district11 (Posts: 114; Member since: 17 Apr 2011)
Number 8 is the best for my eyes. But number 7 is also very nice and cute :)
4. preetmalhotra (Posts: 78; Member since: 27 Apr 2012)
To get photos like these, I guess I'll have to shift near some coast or buy a home in Dubai..
5. itsdeepak4u2000 (Posts: 2866; Member since: 03 Nov 2012)
Was confused between 4 & 9. Finally voted 9.
7. lalalaman (Posts: 388; Member since: 19 Aug 2013)
Lumia 920's and galaxy s2's color saturation
8. lalalaman (Posts: 388; Member since: 19 Aug 2013)
S2 is always good in colors to s3....my sis s2 always did slight better than my s3.....as we can see here also.....
Nokia is always one step ahead in cameras....:)
I never had encounter with htc one bt I looks good enough to me here.....bt it might loose to others in same conditions.....hope htc m8 brings promising camera
9. mad_bro (Posts: 17; Member since: 05 Dec 2013)
HTC One camera is great. I just don't understand why people hate it, maybe they don't have one.
11. amats69 (Posts: 1131; Member since: 12 Nov 2012)
Oh wow! Finally..after waiting for a long time..PA selected one of the photos ive send to them..thanks PA and thanks to all who voted...im missin mg htc one x.....


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No Excuses
This is the time for no excuses. Over the past few months, in the infancy of my little blog's brief splotch on the web, I have found every excuse in the world to not invest the time into quality posting. The world around me became and ever present tool to pull and drag me away from writing. Work for a client needed that extra hour of shine put into it. A website could use just a little more optimizing. The dishes just had to be washed that very instant. Oh look, laundry! Dirty socks are the absolute priority! The most menial tasks became mountains obstructing me from investing time into what I feel should be one of my greatest enterprises. This year, I look to change that. Not with empty promises and hastily scribbled down resolutions on a bar napkin, but with a system to illicit real change.
I have a minor hobby reading into other people's systems and their miracle books or articles that either openly promise to change one's habits or if not, hope that maybe a bit of their concentration and fervor will rub off on my positively. Over the years, I think I made the mistake in thinking that a plan is a plan and if one system works for one person then clearly it must work for the entirety of mankind. I never stopped for a moment and thought logically about the countless ways that individuals are different.
From way we process speech to the way we see color to the delay in figuring out what to order a restaurant, the way we process information is unique to the individual. In this spirit, a system of order must be created specifically for me that takes into account all the little eccentricities and facets of my brain. In my case, I have an exceptional talent for self-deception. I deceive myself into thinking that as long as I am being productive doing other tasks, such as laundry or design, then it makes a great excuse. My mind uses other productivity to rationalize the lack of productivity in other areas. A very clever system that has impeded me on so many levels, but simple knowledge of this deception gives me the power to illicit change. I can identify the behavior and put a stop to it right on the spot. Bam! Just like that, I can begin the development of a system that helps me identify my needs and execute the steps necessary to make it effective. Heck, while writing this article alone, I think I had to slap my wrist about four times. Smells like progress to me.
If you were hoping this article would contain a ten-step plan to success or five tips to stop procrastination then I am sincerely sorry. I am more than happy to link you to a ton of those. All you will find here is one little lesson to be learned. Nosce te ipsum. Know thyself. I don't want to get pretentious with the Latin, but it is especially relevant here. You must know your mind if you hope find the illusive order that a lot of us are looking for. Find out what tugs your mind away from really needs to be done, find out how you deceive yourself and you will find a system that works for you.
No excuses.


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Cottage 1 or 2 Estes Park
Official Contact Details - Cottage 1 or 2Phone: 1-888-639-9673 Fax: 970-586-9433
Quaint one room cottage with riverside patio & BBQ. Kitchen.
- Price from 80 USD / Day
- Capacity up to 2 people
- 1 bedroom & 1 bathroom
(click on a photo to view it)
Last updated: 08/20/2008
This is your property ?
When it's time for a break from the ordinary, come visit us "on the Edge of Wilderness" where mother nature is right outside your backdoor!
The Swiftcurrent Lodge is "hidden" on the old road into Rocky Mountain National Park with the Big Thompson River flowing right through our backyard.
Our atmosphere invites opportunities for relaxation, reflection and rejuvenation. Dare to dream, sit by the river, read a book, watch wildlife, enjoy the view. Hiking, waking, fishing, birding, picnics, scenic drives...and then, let your cares fade away in our riverside hot tub.
Any time of year is a great time to visit the Swiftcurrent Lodge. We are a small facility with 8 of our 12 units facing the river. We are 3.5 miles from downtown Estes, 300 yards from Rocky Mountain National Park. Close enough to town to enjoy the diverse activities our community has to offer yet far enough away to be secluded from town. We are a family owned and operated business. We take pride in our exceptionally clean accommodations and our sincere desire to make your stay as pleasant and memorable as possible.
Thank you for considering the Swiftcurrent Lodge for your "home away from home" while staying in the Estes Park / Rocky Mountain National Park area.
Prices & deals
- Lowest Daily Price:
- Highest Daily Price:
- Lowest Weekly Price:
- Highest Weekly Price:
- Cleaning fee:
- Charging Method:
- Payment Types:
- Cash
- Credit Card
- Cheque
- Travellers cheque
- Paypal
- Wire Transfer
Location & area
3.5 SW of downtown Estes Park, 300 yards from Rocky Mountain National Park. On the Big Thompson River.
Elevation 7657
- Address:
- 2512 Spur 66, 80517, Estes Park, Colorado, United States
- Accommodation located in:
- mountainside, near cultural interest, near fishing area, near golf course, near historical interest, near horse riding, near restaurants & bars, near shopping area, near ski area, near tennis courts, near water sports, next to national park, resort, village, waterfront!
Amenities & services
Cottage #1 and #2 each have a queen bed, easy chair, dinette, kitchenette w/stove, microwave, small refridgerator, coffee maker, toaster, pots/pans/dishes/utensils. Riverside patio w/BBQ.
# of Units: 2... and each unit includes:
- Bedrooms: 1
- Bathrooms: 1
- Single beds: 0
- Double beds: 0
- Baby cots: 0
- Single sofa beds: 0
- Double sofa beds: 0
- Bath:
- Hair Drier:
- Shower:
- Towels:
- Washing Machine:
- Work Desk:
- Bed Sheets:
- Bikes:
- Cable/Satelite TV:
- Internet Broadband:
- Internet Dial Up:
- Ironing Board:
- Stereo/Radio System:
- Library:
- Telephone:
- DVD Player:
- Fax:
- Butler Service:
- House Chef:
- Local Guides:
- Local Transportation:
- 24h Concierge:
- Tours & Excursions:
- Fridge & Freezer:
- Crockery & Utensils:
- Dish Washer:
- Microwave:
- Oven:
- American Kitchen:
Living room
- Fireplace:
- Sofa Bed:
- Table & Chairs:
- Private Beach:
- Barbecue:
- Sauna:
- Garden:
- Shared Bathroom:
- Spa / Jacuzzi:
- Swimming Pool:
- Lift / Elevator:
- Disabled Facilities:
- Tennis Court:
- Terrace:
- Parking:
- Pets Welcome:
- Safe:
- Sea View:
- Central Heating:
- City View:
- Daily Cleaning:
- Air Conditioning:
- DVD/Music Collection:
- Ensuite Bathroom:
- Balcony:
Review - Cottage 1 or 2
Cottage 1 or 2 - Contact the owner
Important Notice : Avoiding Fraud
It's rare, but some helpful hints to watch out for with regards to fraud:
- It is important to NEVER wire funds or use/employ other fund transfer mechanisms such as western union: Always use a credit card to protect yourself against fraud. If owners pressure you into providing a deposit or refuse to accept credit cards, there is a high probability that this is a scam.
- If at all suspicious of fraud, ask to see their website, or any other literature they can provide or send to you. Ask them for contact details for guests who have previously stayed on their property insisting on telephone numbers. Be suspicious of emails that originate from free email services (yahoo, hotmail, gmail, etc)
- Research the property thoroughly on the internet to see if there is any history or mention of scams associated with the property.


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Recreation Intern Senior Services: Exercise ScienceBookmark This
Hanover Township
240 S IL Route 59
Bartlett, IL
DescriptionThe Hanover Township Senior Center was dedicated on April 2, 2005. It is a visible symbol of the support that this community has for its elders. A Senior Tax Referendum, "Support Our Seniors," was passed in November 2002 thanks to our seniors whose dedication and hard work incited its passage. This Referendum allowed for the construction and maintenance of a new Senior Center. Opperman Architects, Inc. and contractor, Lamp, Inc. worked along with our Supervisor, Clerk, Board of Trustees and staff to achieve a dream that benefits all adults, age 55 and over, who live in Hanover Township.
The Senior Services Department offers a wide variety of advantages to the seniors who live in our Township. We offer transportation, recreational programs and trips, social services as well as many opportunities for volunteerism.
Responsibilities• Walking Aerobics
• Strength Training
• Yoga
• Tai Chi


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Are you in Dissertation Advisement?All students enrolled in Dissertation Advisement courses (8900 level courses) must communicate their enrollment to the Office of Financial Aid as soon as possible using a Repackaging Form.
Students in Dissertation Advisement are only charged for three credits' worth of tuition per semester, therefore an adjustment based on your enrollment status must be made to your financial aid budget. When your enrollment changes, your financial aid budget must be changed accordingly. Any alteration to your enrollment (including being enrolled in Dissertation Advisement) could affect the amount of aid you are able to receive. This is why we must be notified of your enrollment status; it will prevent you from borrowing more aid than is permitted and will reduce the likelihood that you will have to return loan funds to which you are not entitled.
Note for students who have a scholarship: If you are enrolled in Dissertation Advisement and have a combination of billable credit hours and Certificates of Equivalency (COEs), you are still able to use your scholarship. However, you can only use the scholarship points for the billable credit hours that come from being enrolled in Dissertation Advisement. Your scholarship will not pay for the COEs because they are not billable credit hours; you do not pay for them.
If you are in your last two semesters of doctoral work, you should consider applying for grant-in-aid.


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- 'Architect of U.S. airline deregulation' dies
- Free Wi-Fi at Honolulu; New sushi bar at Chicago O'Hare
Airport Check-in: Eco-friendly treatment for new SFO terminal
From USA TODAY's Airport Check-in column:
When Virgin America and San Francisco International open the airport's new Terminal 2 next year, thirsty travelers can stock up on water at "hydration stations," or sinks with filtered water, for those toting reusable bottles.
It's one of several environmentally friendly features included in the terminal design that the airline recently unveiled.
Scheduled for completion in the spring, the $383 million, 640,000-square-foot terminal will serve as the airline's home base. Virgin America, which plans to grow its fleet by two-thirds next year, will occupy seven of 14 gates.
Other green features include: ventilation systems that require less energy; "slow food" vendors that feature organic and locally grown ingredients; skylights that bring sunlight into the ticketing lobby; and preferential parking for hybrid cars.
The airline, known for unconventional marketing practices, says it will also add other "Virgin features" in the terminal, including LED ticket counters that change color based on lighting outside.
Gates will have "living room-like spaces" with laptop outlets, elevated work counters and free Wi-Fi access.
It will be the first LEED Gold-certified airport terminal in the U.S., the airline says, referring to an environmental certification issued by the U.S. Green Building Council. -- Roger Yu
- 'Architect of U.S. airline deregulation' dies
- Free Wi-Fi at Honolulu; New sushi bar at Chicago O'Hare


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Is it foolish for me to continue dating a man who is still seeing another woman? He has been completely honest about his involvement with both of us. We have only dated a few months but I am ready to date him exclusively.
Read more…
Copyright © 2000-2014 eHarmony, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Terms and Conditions of Service
eHarmony® Compatibility Matching System® Protected by U.S. Pat. No. 6,735,568


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Hello to you !
Today I want to show you a layout using texture paste, glimmermist and chalkboard.
On this layout I have used glimmermist Tattered leather,Suede, and Gold Metallic. I have also used chalboard French Vanilla, and Soil.
And since we are talking about texture paste…I want to show you one of the canvases I did for Summer CHA 2012.
On this canvas from Canvas Corp I have used a lot of texture paste and gesso to create the background. Then I added the glimmermist Cupid and Cranberry Zing.
Hope you liked my projects !
See you soon !


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Tree-Cutting Workplace Accident Injures Knoll Club Worker
02/27/2013 // WPB, FL, USA // Injury Lawyers News // Nicole Howley // (press release)
Morristown, NJ — A workplace accident injured a town worker when a large tree that he was cutting fell on him. The tree-cutting accident occurred early Thursday morning, February 21, 2013, near the Knoll Country Club West just before 7 a.m., Patch.com reported.
A Knoll Club employee was reportedly cutting down a large ash tree when it split, twisted and fell, trapping the lower part of the worker's left leg between the fallen tree and another tree.
Responding emergency crews from Par-Troy EMS-1, Parsippany Rescue and Recovery all responded to the scene where they used airbags and cribbing to stabilize and lift the tree off the victim.
The victim, who remains unidentified, was rushed to Morristown Medical Center for medical treatment.
The severity of the man's injuries is unknown at this time.
Investigations into the workplace accident are underway.
Legal News Reporter: Nicole Howley-Legal news for New Jersey workplace accident lawyers.
Online Personal Injury Legal News Distribution - JusticeNewsFlash.com
Media Information:
Phone: 561-247-1646
Url: West Palm Beach Personal Injury Lawyer News
Other News / Press Releases
- San Francisco California Consumer Protection Lawyer Discusses Airbag Recalls
- Sexual Harassment and the Office Holiday Party
- Exempt Income in Bankruptcy Cases Expanded
- Privatizing the Attorney Grievance Process: Startup Disrupts the Legal Industry
- City Bus Hits and Kills East Harlem Man in Manhattan
- Brooklyn Car Wash Worker Killed In 'Freak Accident'
- Steel Beam Crashes Through Semi-Truck Cab, Kills Driver in Pennington
- Broken Finger, Amputation and Injuries Prompt Britax Stroller Recall
- Cement Truck Slams Into Bronx Residential Building; 1 Dead, 4 Injured
- Loose Tractor-Trailer Rim Causes Accident on NJ Turnpike; 1 Seriously Injured


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Administrative Coordinator CV Template
Free registration required
Executive Summary
Administrative Coordinators display leadership qualities along with having sound knowledge of office management systems and database software. Problem solving, organizing, rational thinking and ability to work under pressure are some of the basic qualities that need to be highlighted. This can be used by those seeking posts like Administrative assistant, Executive Assistant, Executive secretary, Administrative Associate, Administrative support assistant etc.
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483 search results for James Cameron
James Cameron, 'Avatar' producer talk trilogy's 'long journey'
Type: Article | Date: Friday, Aug 22, 2014Jim Gianopulos knows things won't be 'cheap'
James Cameron is almost finished writing 'Avatar' sequels
Type: Article | Date: Saturday, Apr 12, 2014Oscar winner says Arnold Schwarzenegger likely won't appear
12 directors stuck in franchise mode: Michael Bay, James Cameron, Zack Snyder
Type: Article | Date: Tuesday, Jun 24, 2014Just how many 'Transformers' or 'Avatar' movies can one director make?
James Cameron resurrects 'Avatar' star Sigourney Weaver for all three sequels
Type: Article | Date: Monday, Jun 9, 2014Actress to play 'a different and in many ways more challenging character'
Film Nerd 2.0: An important line is crossed with James Cameron's 'The Terminator'
Type: Post | Date: Monday, Nov 3, 2014Things got crazy on Saturday night
James Cameron promises 'new worlds, new habitats, new cultures' in 'Avatar' sequels
Type: Article | Date: Wednesday, Feb 19, 2014Filmmaker offers update on the three 'Avatar' sequels in development
James Cameron's Deepsea Challenge 3D
Type: Event | Date: Friday, Aug 8, 2014Get an inside look at James Cameron's solo dive in the Mariana Trench.
James Cameron says his 'Avatar' sequels are 'a family saga like 'The Godfather''
Type: Article | Date: Monday, Dec 16, 2013Director also claims there's a 'fair bit of underwater stuff' in the sci-fi followups
Tech Support: Could Alfonso Cuarón join James Cameron on an exclusive list of editors?
Type: Post | Date: Thursday, Nov 14, 2013Other contenders include 'Inside Llewyn Davis,' '12 Years a Slave' and 'The Wolf of Wall Street'
James Cameron taps 'Terminator,' 'Jurassic Park IV' and 'Aliens vs. Predator' writers for three 'Avatar' sequels
Type: Post | Date: Thursday, Aug 1, 2013The first of the three films is set for release in December 2016


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Plastic Surgery Dominican Republic
Contact the Plastic Surgery Clinics in Dominican Republic below to get a quote, make an appointment or have an online consultation.
if you've come to a point in your life where an aspect of your appearance is chipping away at your self-confidence, Dr. Holguin cancan help you understand all of your plastic surgery options open to you and help you decide what kind of change will not only boost your self-confidence, but enhance your life..
- Testimonial: " After the surgery, I have noticed that my self-esteem... " N.M.
- Languages: English, Spanish
- Additional Services: Airport Transfers, Flight Booking Assistance, Hotel to Clinic Transfers, Local Accommodation Assistance, Local Tours, Translator Services
Dr. Manuel Espaillat is dedicated to providing his patients with the most professional and caring service in the health and aesthetic field.
- Testimonial: " going back for him to do a little more lipo " alanna
- Languages: English, Spanish
- Additional Services: Ritidoplasty, Blefaroplasty, Breast Augmentation
Plastic Surgery in Dominican Republic
The rise of healthcare and plastic surgery in the US is the cause of many Americans having to travel to different destinations for cosmetic treatment, seeking an affordable alternative to the skyrocketing medical care cost.
Plastic surgery-- notoriously known to be more expensive procedure than most medical treatments in the US--is offered for much less in the Dominican Republic.
Plastic Surgery in Dominican Republic offers high quality cosmetic surgery and savings up to 70%.
Patients, specifically Americans and Europeans travel to Dominican Republic for the same quality of care, world-class medical facilities and lower cost of cosmetic treatments.
Plastic surgery clinics in Dominican Republic are well appointed with state-of-the-art, high end medical equipments to ensure quality treatment and achieve each patient's appearance goals.
Plastic surgeons in the Dominican Republic are mostly educated in the top universities in the United States and are English-speaking, aiming to serve a large number of international patients.
The Dominican Republic boasts a broad variety of plastic surgery treatments; from a liposuction surgery to a less-invasive non-surgical treatment like Botox.
An added benefit to plastic surgery in Dominican Republic is the clinics travel package offerings; all inclusive packages which usually include air travel, accommodation, medication and transportation.
In addition to receiving cosmetic surgery from top plastic surgeons in Dominican Republic, you can recuperate along the world's most beautiful beaches.
Plastic Surgery Treatments in Dominican Republic
Breast implants in the Dominican Republic:
Breast implants in the Dominican Republic can correct size discrepancy of your breasts, restore their symmetry and give you natural-looking, equally-sized breasts.
Tummy Tuck in the Dominican Republic:
Tummy tuck in the Dominican Republic is an ideal option for US patients underwent a major weight-loss surgery, which resulted in excess fat deposits and sagging skin around their abdomen area. Tummy tuck can remove the unwanted fat and drooping skin from the abdomen, while giving it a firmer and smoother appearance.
Facelift in the Dominican Republic:
Facelift in the Dominican Republic is a cosmetic facial surgery procedure designed to achieve rejuvenation that can recapture the freshness of a youthful face.
Nose Surgery in the Dominican Republic:
Nose surgery in the Dominican Republic can improve aesthetic and functional issues with the nose. Patients experiencing drooping nasal tip, or suffered an accident or injury at some point in their life which may have changed the shape of your nose are good candidates of nose surgery in the Dominican Republic.
Liposuction in the Dominican Republic:
Liposuction in the Dominican Republic targets specific areas of the body where excess fat and dropping skin are deposited. Liposuction can carried out in conjunction with other body procedures, such as tummy tuck.
Sights to See in Dominican Republic
Visit Alcazar de Colon is one of the most magnificent sights in the Dominican Republic which was the palace of the city's first governor, Diego Colon. Alcazar de Colon houses amazing works of art from the colonial- era.
Cost of Plastic Surgery in Dominican Republic
Cost of plastic surgery in the Dominican Republic is a pull factor for many medical tourists who are on the look-out for cost-effective healthcare and cosmetic surgery solutions.
And because the Dominican Republic is located within a close proximity to the US and the rest of North America, travel cost for US travelers is much lower compared to other locations. Affordable cost of plastic surgery in Dominican Republic helps you save thousands of Dollars. Fraction of cost encourages lots of Americans to fly to Dominican Republic for their treatments.
Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo, the heartbeat of the Dominican Republic, is also home several leading plastic surgery clinics. Plastic surgery in Santo Domingo attracts numerous medical tourists who take advantage of the city's reputable plastic surgeons and its sultry salsa clubs.Get FREE Quote
Plastic Surgery Destinations
Dominican Republic Travel Tips
Currency: Dominican peso (DOP)
Climate: Average Temp 87 F (31°C)
Capital: Santo Domingo
Major Airport(s): Samana (AZS), "La Isabela" (JBQ), Santo Domingo (SDQ)
Electricity: 110 60Hz (US Plug)
Time Zone: UTC/GMT -4 hours
Calling Code: 809, 829, 849


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Recent comments
- Carl Warren
- April 30, 2013 - 20:15
I think I sat there on that bench more than a few times. I still have a Casavant key on my key ring! Well done, David!
- sue blake tennander
- April 30, 2013 - 18:05
David, what a delightful article!! It takes me back to Bristol days and I shall always be grateful for you passing on the job at Henbury to me although, sadly, I never managed to full your shoes musically (socially had a great time!). The fact that the Bach B minor is merely one of many exquisite pieces in your repertoire and probably the peak of my own playing ( I ended up doing organ recital at Bristol in my 3rd year ..but never reached your dizzy heights). Have been living in Stockholm for many years now, with a short burst of California for 6 years. You look just the same in this Picture (apart from a lighter shade of hair). Are you on FB? I continue to be in awe of your talent! Sweden has some wonderful instruments (although I hardly play the organ these days) ...if ever you and your wife are over this way. (By the way, would that be Elspeth from Bristol days?). Would love to hear more from you. All the best, Sue x
- susan felsberg
- April 30, 2013 - 09:07
What a lovely article! Every detail of it was relished! I am a small- time church organist in HVGB, playing for two services each Sunday - bilingual 11am, and Inuttut at 4pm. so have to juggle text liturgy in second language with the music, plus 19thcent. hand written MSS. We have an old oak pump organ, and a small electronic one - both lovely to play. Thanks for the coverage.


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It's no surprise that employee costs are a major burden on small businesses. Al White, owner of a Form You 3 Weight Loss Centers in Tallahassee, Florida, found it so burdensome that last December, she laid off the last of her nine employees. While White is now working harder as a nonemployer, she's getting more out of her business.
Other small-business owners appear to be getting more as well. Of the 28 percent of revenues devoted to employee compensation, 60 percent went to pay executives. This seemingly high proportion is explained by the responding firms' small sizes rather than by excessive pay rates for the executives, experts say. And, along those lines, the percentage of revenues consumed by executive pay was smaller among larger firms, amounting to less than 38 percent of total pay for firms with more than 20 employees.
Employee compensation doesn't have to suck up all your capital. Employers can control costs by using incentives to encourage savings, says Tom Gillis, a management consultant and author of Guts & Borrowed Money (Bard Press). Pay your employees, especially managers, a percentage of savings resulting from any cost-cutting ideas they come up with, Gillis suggests. To be most effective, the amount should equal 5 percent to 20 percent of the employee's base pay, he says.
You can also control employment costs by using temporary workers, who can be brought on to respond to growth and dismissed when not needed. Similar flexible spending approaches can be applied to many other areas such as by outsourcing for professional services and using leased facilities and equipment. These strategies are especially important for controlling costs in a business's early years, says Murray Low, director of the entrepreneurship program at Columbia University in New York City.
Few entrepreneurs are taking this advice to heart, however: Less than 1 percent of sales is spent on outsourced labor, according to the survey. And while most firms outsourced legal and accounting work to professionals, only a minority used outside help for marketing, consulting, credit and collections, and payroll.
Entrepreneurs should also try to use nonfinancial compensation, says Low. That may include anything from simple praise to opportunities for advancement. Knowing your employees well is key. "You have to figure out what is most cost-effective to provide and in what combination," Low says.
Just as larger firms devote smaller percentages of revenues to executive pay, they devote more money to employee benefits. In fact, three out of 10 small companies offered no benefits to employees. The fact that women-owned firms trailed in offering health benefits can probably be explained by the fact that women-owned firms tend to be service companies, which, as a group, offer fewer benefits, according to Karl Egge, an economics professor at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota.
Small-business owners who don't offer benefits may be losing out, however, because of their inability to attract high-quality employees, warns Doescher. "If prospective employees have to choose between a job they like and one with benefits, they'll go with the one that provides benefits," he says.
However, Doescher adds that it's not necessary for small-business owners to attempt to match the benefits provided by large employers. Instead, he says, they should aim to match what other small businesses provide.
Like this article? Get this issue right now on iPad, Nook or Kindle Fire.
This article was originally published in the January 1998 print edition of Entrepreneur with the headline: Cost And Effect.


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Quinta da Flores Cottage Figueiro dos Vinhos
Official Contact Details - Quinta da FloresPhone: 00351236551631
A haven of peace in a beautiful 7-hectare estate surrounded with a breathtaking view on the valley: your very own cascades, terraced vineyards, fruit trees and flowers.
- Price from 60 EUR / Day
- Capacity up to 4 people
- 2 bedrooms & 2 bathrooms
Last updated: 09/17/2007
This is your property ?
Self-contained, house located within the domain with its own private entrance. The house sleeps up to four people (extra baby bed in parent's room FOC). The two separate bedrooms with double beds each have their own bathroom and terraces. Fully equipped kitchen. large swimming pool.
Although this bit of Portugal is wonderful, there is no mass-tourism here and you can therefore still enjoy a peaceful and quiet holiday to really relax.
A Warm Welcome ...
You're guaranteed a warm welcome from Michel and Heidi Peys-Bloemmen, the enthusiastic young owners and from their 7-year old daughter Eleonora.
We invite you to come and stay for a relaxing holiday or short break and enjoy a taste of real Portugal.
ActivitiesIdeal for families, there is plenty to do, walking, cycling, water sports, fishing, canoeing, historic sites and much more in fact you may find your stay is not quite long enough .
Lots of places to visit .for the famous sites and a little retail therapy, the splendour of Coimbra is less than an hour by car. And other places of interest such as Conimbriga, Fatima, Batalha, Tomar and Buçaco are within easy driving distance for a spectacular day out.
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Location & area
At the entrance of the picturesque village of Figueiró dos Vinhos, hometown of famous painter Malhoa. Secluded estate with untouched nature and stunning panorama.
- Address:
- 1 Rua Principal, 3260, Figueiro dos Vinhos, Portugal
- Accommodation located in:
- countryside, near cultural interest, near fishing area, near historical interest, near restaurants & bars, near tennis courts, near water sports, rural, village!
Amenities & services
Next to the pool there is an area for barbeques or just sitting and relaxing.
Free use of washing machine, 2 bikes, petanque and other games and giant trampoline.
It is great to cook your own meals, but we also make it possible for you to enjoy even more for a small extra price. Every morning we serve you breakfast on your sunny terrace or by the pool (8,50/pp).
# of Units: 1... and each unit includes:
- Bedrooms: 2
- Bathrooms: 2
- Single beds: 0
- Double beds: 2
- Baby cots: 2
- Single sofa beds: 0
- Double sofa beds: 0
- Bath:
- Hair Drier:
- Shower:
- Towels:
- Washing Machine:
- Work Desk:
- Bed Sheets:
- Bikes:
- Cable/Satelite TV:
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Living room
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Review - Quinta da Flores
Quinta da Flores - Contact the owner
Important Notice : Avoiding Fraud
It's rare, but some helpful hints to watch out for with regards to fraud:
- It is important to NEVER wire funds or use/employ other fund transfer mechanisms such as western union: Always use a credit card to protect yourself against fraud. If owners pressure you into providing a deposit or refuse to accept credit cards, there is a high probability that this is a scam.
- If at all suspicious of fraud, ask to see their website, or any other literature they can provide or send to you. Ask them for contact details for guests who have previously stayed on their property insisting on telephone numbers. Be suspicious of emails that originate from free email services (yahoo, hotmail, gmail, etc)
- Research the property thoroughly on the internet to see if there is any history or mention of scams associated with the property.


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Things to see and do - Salzburg
Leaving for Austria
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Results 1 to 20 on 32
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1 Gasthof Schloss Aigen
Schwarzenbergpromenade 37 A - 5026 Aigen
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : Austrian
Menu: 33€/ 52€ - Carte: 22€/64€
A change of management and chef has done nothing to alter the highly prized, traditional experience on offer here. The pretty rooms continue to exude country charm and the house speciality - boiled beef - is still on the menu. The interior courtyard ..2014
2 Gasthof Auerhahn
Bahnhofstr. 15 A - 5020 Itzling
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : regional/country
Menu: 28€ (Vegetarian)/51€ - Carte: 26€/48€
Home to what are surely the best Topfenknödel, or curd cheese dumplings, in Salzburg, Gasthof Auerhahn also serves classic dishes including boiled beef with apple and horseradish sauce and medallions of venison with port sauce. If you like the warm a..2014
3 Brandstätter
Münchner Bundesstr. 69 A - 5020 Liefering
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : regional/country
Carte: 28€/73€
The Mohr im Hemd, or chocolate hazelnut pudding (with an exquisite chocolate sauce), on offer here is worth putting on a few extra calories for. The creamy veal goulash with dumplings, as well as the local venison are just as tasty. All this and othe..2014
4 Carpe Diem
Getreidegasse 50 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : international
Menu: 20€ (lunch) / 98€ - Carte: 67€/80€
A fashionable restaurant in the famous Getreidegasse, Carpe Diem has much to offer. The fine dining restaurant serves a regional and international menu on the first floor. There is also a terrace at the entrance, a basement bar serving finger food in..2014
5 Esszimmer
Müllner Hauptstr. 33 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : creative
Menu: 64€ (Vegetarian)/108€ - Carte: 57€/94€
Transforming high quality produce into four menus (including one vegetarian and one fish menu), Andreas Kaiblinger produces fine, creative cuisine without losing his connection to the local area. The friendly and attentive front-of-house team are on ..2014
6 Ikarus
Wilhelm-Spazier-Str. 7a A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : creative
Menu: 48€ (lunch) / 165€ - Carte: 66€/109€
Take a stroll through the Red Bull exhibition, enjoy an aperitif and the panoramic view of Salzburg stretching below you in the Sky Bar, and then treat yourself to a fine meal at Ikarus. Every month a different guest chef prepares international delig..2014
7 K+K Restaurant am Waagplatz
Waagplatz 2 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : regional/country
Carte: 21€/52€
The comfortable dining rooms at this restaurant have become a real Salzburg institution. Their old wooden interiors beloved by the regulars. The regional fare on offer is the same wherever you sit. Although the slightly faster service on the ground f..2014
8 Pomodoro
Eichstr. 54 A - 5023 Gnigl
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : Italian
Carte: 27€/42€
A little unprepossessing at first glance, this restaurant delights its many regulars with its authentic Italian cuisine. It is run by a charming couple: Giovanni Tomassetti in the kitchen and Brigitte Lercher front of house.2014
9 Blaue Gans
Getreidegasse 41 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : regional/country
Menu: 49€/ 56€ - Carte: 33€/60€
The restaurant is light and friendly with a pretty vaulted ceiling and a lovely terrace with tables outside. The menu boasts a range of regional dishes with evocative names such as 'Mountain and valley', 'Field and meadow' and 'Stream and sea'.2014
10 Strasserwirt
Leopoldskronstr. 39 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : Traditional
Menu: 33€/ 55€ - Carte: 21€/55€
This guesthouse from 1856 houses a classically decorated restaurant with high quality cherry wood-panelling and a conservatory on the terrace. It serves a regional city menu.2014
11 Maier's
Steingasse 61 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : international
Carte: 36€/59€
This little restaurant hidden in an old alleyway has many regulars. They come here to enjoy classic fare including steaks, Szegediner goulash and carpaccio. The atmosphere is welcoming, the service friendly and you can park in the multi-storey car pa..2014
12 Weiher Wirt
König Ludwig Str. 2 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : Austrian
Menu: 29€/ 35€ - Carte: 31€/53€
This restaurant boasts a wonderful location on the banks of Leopoldskroner Lake. It serves regional dishes such as Szegediner pork goulash with boiled potatoes and cream, which in summer are best enjoyed outside at a table in the lovely garden. Insid..2014
13 Herz'l
Getreidegasse 37 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : Austrian
Carte: 22€/45€
If you prefer to eat in simpler surroundings, then you will no doubt appreciate the country charm of the wood-panelled Herz'l. Good, regional food is served.2014
14 Riedenburg
Neutorstr. 31 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : classic
Menu: 43€/ 65€ - Carte: 34€/64€
At Riedenburg, the new team of Nicole and Helmut Schinwald offer classic Austrian cuisine. This includes Wiener schnitzel, Tauern lamb and sea bass served in their comfortable yet elegant dining rooms. Light wood, warm colours and modern pictures mak..2014
15 Alt Salzburg
Bürgerspitalgasse 2 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : Austrian
Menu: 45€/ 62€ - Carte: 31€/55€
The Kögl family has been running this charming, tasteful and elegant restaurant for many years. It is located in the former servants' quarters of the Bürgerspital. Father and daughter work together in the kitchen to produce the largely regional fare.2014
16 Pan e Vin
Gstättengasse 1 A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : Mediterranean
Menu: 48€/ 78€ - Carte: 26€/72€
Mediterranean flavoured cuisine awaits guests in this 600 year-old building comfortably decorated in warm tones. The wine menu offers a good international selection. On the ground floor, the Trattoria serves pure Italian cuisine with a starter buffet..2014
17 Brunnauer im Magazin
Augustinergasse 13 a A - 5020 Salzburg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : Traditional
Menu: 59€/ 86€ - Carte: 49€/75€
Classic food served in a cellar room hewn out of the bare rock combines stylishly and successfully with a delicatessen, wine shop and events venue at Brunnauer im Magazin. Owner and chef Richard Brunnauer, already well known in Salzburg, prepares fre..2014
18 Ceconi's
Fürstenallee 5 A - 5020 Nonntal
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : international
Carte: 41€/74€
Once a private residence, the attractive Villa Ceconi, which is painted a pretty light pink, now houses Jörg Wörther's new place of work. His light and modern restaurant serves fresh, international cuisine and freshly grilled meats accompanied by a g..2014
19 Zum Buberl Gut
Gneiser Str. 31 A - 5020 Morzg
Cotation :
Type of cuisine : Traditional
Menu: 26€ (lunch) - Carte: 45€/69€
The Mediterranean cuisine and lovely setting combine to make Zum Buberl Gut an enjoyable dining experience. The elegant dining rooms of this fine 17C manor house have a pleasant, homely feel. In summer, the tables outside in the attractive garden are..2014
20 Goldener Hirsch
Getreidegasse 37 A - 5020 Salzburg
Type of cuisine : classic
Carte: 41€/82€


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Sarah Silverman in Jesus Is Magic
Sarah Silverman has made a name for herself cracking wise about topics — rape, AIDS and teen pregnancy included — that other comics wouldn't touch with a 10-foot pole. (In fact, if you are easily offended, you may want to skip this Insider and reread the Keira Knightley one or something.) But there are times when even Silverman is leery of going too far. Before filming her new concert film Sarah Silverman: Jesus Is Magic, based on her long-running stand-up show of the same name, Silverman cut a joke that had to do with the Holocaust — specifically, the rumors that an aspirin company tested its products on concentration-camp prisoners.
"I was talking about how it's a headache medicine and that they'd probably give it to a cou
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Congressional District # 01
Last Updated: June, 2014
Site Description
The former site of the U.S. Smelter and Lead Refinery, Inc (USS Lead) operation is located on a 79-acre parcel of land in East Chicago, Indiana. The area is primarily industrial with nearby residential areas. The old plant location is bordered by the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad to the north, the East-West Toll Road and the East Branch of the Grand Calumet River to the south, Kennedy Avenue to the east, and Indiana Harbor Canal to the west. From 1906 to 1920, the company added a primary lead smelter to its operation. USS Lead converted to secondary smelting in 1973, recovering lead from scrap metal and old automobile batteries. All operations were discontinued in 1985. Two primary waste materials were generated as a result of the smelting operations: 1) blast furnace slag and 2) lead-containing dust emitted by the blast furnace stack. Blast furnace slag was stockpiled south of the plant building and once a year spread over an adjoining 21 acres of wetlands. The lead-containing dust was originally trapped in bag filters and stored in a three- to five-acre area for future recycling.
In 1975 and 1985, USS Lead received a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit to discharge furnace cooling water and storm water runoff to the Grand Calumet River. According to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM), permit levels were exceeded for several materials. In the 1980s, several state and federal enforcement actions were taken against the company. In September 1985, the Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) found USS Lead in violation of state law because lead particles were found downwind of the site.
Approximately four million people rely on drinking water drawn primarily from intakes in Lake Michigan, which is 15 miles downstream of where hazardous substances from the site enter surface water. Approximately 7,500 people work or attend school within two miles of the site.
Since 1985, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action program has overseen the remediation and management of lead-contaminated soils within the boundaries of the U.S. Smelter and Lead Refinery, Inc. facility. The remediation of the facility included the placement of the contamination in a Corrective Action Management Unit (CAMU). The remediation included the on-site wetlands. EPA sampled soil in the residential areas north of USS Lead as part of the RCRA Corrective Action investigation. Those sampling results showed that some yards in the East Chicago residential area had high levels of lead. The area includes about 1,500 homes, a few parks, schools, and public buildings. Many of the yards are located very close to the USS Lead Facility. In 2005, the EPA RCRA Corrective Action program referred the USS Lead site to the Superfund program for the cleanup of the residential portion of the site. In 2006, RCRA Corrective Action amended the referral to include the wetlands as a part of the referral.
EPA placed the USS Lead site on the National Priorities List in April 2009.
Site ResponsibilityAt this time, this site is being addressed through federal actions. EPA will continue to pursue enforcement of any potentially responsible parties throughout its work on the site.
Threats and Contaminants
Elevated levels of lead existed in the blast furnace slag. Substantial amounts of lead-containing dust contaminated the USS Lead buildings and surrounding soils. According to IDEM, the permit levels for lead, cadmium, copper, arsenic, and zinc were exceeded over the years. These permit violations, as well as the dumping of blast furnace slag water into wetlands, led to surface water contamination. In addition, elevated levels of lead have been found in the yards of numerous homes near the facility.
During the RCRA investigations, high levels of lead were found in the wetlands portion of the USS Lead property. Though some slag and lead-containing sediment was removed from the wetlands, there may still be remaining lead contamination. Lake Michigan, the Grand Calumet River, and the Indiana Harbor Canal are nearby fishing areas. The Grand Calumet River Natural Area, located one-quarter mile southeast of the site, has two endangered species. Hammond Beach Marina is four miles west of where the canal enters Lake Michigan. Lake Michigan, Wahala Beach, and several other major recreation areas are located within 15 miles of the site. These areas are at risk of contaminant migration.
Cleanup Progress
Parts of the 79-acre facility have been addressed through a RCRA long-term remedial action. Presently, the facility has a Consent Order with the RCRA program. A CAMU has been built on the facility. In 2004, the RCRA program requested that Superfund manage the residential properties north and northeast of the facility because there may be multiple sources of lead to the residential area.
EPA conducted a limited cleanup of residential yards near the site during 2008 and 2011 using Superfund removal authorities. A total of 29 properties were cleaned up during these removal actions.
EPA began a Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) at the site in June 2009. The RI Report and FS Report for the residential portion of the site were finalized in 2012.
On November 30, 2012, EPA issued a Record of Decision (ROD) for Operable Unit 1 of the USS Lead Site, in which EPA selected a cleanup plan for the residential portion of the site. The selected remedy includes excavation and off-site disposal of soil with lead concentrations exceeding 400 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and arsenic concentrations exceeding 26 mg/kg, to a maximum depth of 2 feet. At industrial or commercial properties, EPA will clean up lead that exceeds 800 mg/kg. EPA estimates that approximately 53% of the properties in the area (roughly 723 of 1,271 properties) will require cleanup.
EPA is currently negotiating with parties that may be potentially responsible for the cleanup and is hoping to reach a settlement with those parties so residential cleanup work can begin.
Community Involvement
EPA worked with the East Chicago government to gain access to the residential properties within the site area. EPA held a number of public meetings during the pre-remedial work for USS Lead (before the site was placed on the National Priorities List) and will hold more meetings throughout the Superfund process.
EPA released the Proposed Plan for Operable Unit 1, the residential area, for public comment on July 12, 2012. At the request of the City of East Chicago, EPA extended the public comment period for 30 additional days until September 12, 2012. EPA held a public meeting in East Chicago on July 25, 2012, to describe the Proposed Plan and answer questions about the different cleanup alternatives. EPA's responses to the public comments are contained in the November 2012 ROD, which is available at the site information repositories.
Since the release of the ROD, EPA has been in regular communication with the City of East Chicago, which is looking to redevelop portions of OU1 as part of their city-wide revitalization efforts. EPA is committed to coordinating its cleanup work with the city's redevelopment efforts so that the two projects can proceed efficiently.
Property ReuseThe former USS Lead facility is not in reuse. Areas north of the facility are in residential use.
ContactsRemedial Project Manager, U.S. EPA
michael berkoff (email@example.com)
(312) 353-8983
Community Involvement Coordinator, U.S. EPA
janet pope
(312) 353-0628
AliasesU.S. SMELTER & LEAD REFINERY INC.


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LONDON -- Shell, last year argued against proposed European rules designed to tighten scrutiny of commodity markets, according to documents obtained by the Sunday Telegraph.
Last week, European regulators conducted probes of oil companies, including Shell, BP and Statoil, as well as Platts. EU officials said they are looking into possible manipulation of the oil prices Platts publishes.
In a presentation in September to the European Union and industry, Shell said proposals designed to reform commodity market trading would add costs and lead to higher bills for consumers, the Sunday Telegraph said.
A spokeswoman at Shell declined to comment on the article.
Dow Jones Newswires
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Belarusian industrial design duo Solovyovdesign just unveiled a clever brain-shaped compact fluorescent light bulb that turns the phrase "bright idea" into a literal source of light. Spotted on Designboom, the Insight Lightbulb is roughly the same size as a standard incandescent. The unique form creates a unique lighting effect as the filaments are distributed through a the channels of the bulb's "brain."
Via Designboom
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text:
"The Mother's day post" was my 100th post! This has definitely been an adventure, which I look forward to continuing.
One of the most important lessons of blogging, which is equally difficult at times to follow, can be summed up here in this parody of the serenity prayer from the blog "Say Anything."
Grant me the serenity to ignore the trolls,
the courage to debate with honest opponents,
and the wisdom to know the difference.
Perhaps we should all repeat this to ourselves before replying to comments. I know there are a few times I wish I had.