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In picture, from left to right: Kayla Quin, Jean Habiyamana, John Connell, Jean Damascene, Denise Ricci and Terry Roche
A shy, young man with a large liver and shortness of breath presented through the Butare Medical Center to Partners In Health, the Boston based NGO in April of 2008. Jean, a striking, tall young man, almost gaunt, whom appeared to feel comfortable, spoke in limited English, though he is fluent in both French and Kinyarwandan. Said to be "in school," his dark, bright eyes quickly assessed everyone in the room anxiously. He watched carefully as our nurse educator taught a younger student and listened intently as she read the pre-operative teaching booklet with the group having surgery. His fear was not of the pain that he might have having cardiac surgery. His fear was he might not be selected to endure that pain.
His parents and siblings were all killed in the genocide in 1994. He had been living in an orphanage since age 3—a very lucky young man. Not only had he had a roof over his head, but he had food as often as they could supply it and was sent to the local school. At sometime in his childhood he most likely had a strep infection, maybe a sore throat. Untreated, he developed rheumatic fever and it progressed to rheumatic heart disease. It wasn't that anyone ignored his raw throat and fever. But it occurred at a time when medical care in Rwanda was in shambles as they recovered from the effects of the genocide in which less than 400 physicians and 3500 nurses were left to tend to 9 million people.
He was sick, maybe too sick, to do in Rwanda. Discussions about patient selections weighed in on both sides. In his favor, was he was very bright and said to be a good student. He would be able to participate and manage his own care….which would include long-term anticoagulation therapy. If selected, he would be able to return to school, complete it, and be a candidate for college education. Perhaps a teacher to educate others or to work in a business to support himself and a potential family.
With a great deal of relief, he did well through surgery, very well. Convalescence was compromised by the expected post operative heart failure that would take time to improve and time for the liver to return to normal. In retrospect, it is amazing how well he did…..on the day we left, as the other patients lined up outside for photos to be taken, he was missing. Found to be in his bed he was huddled under the covers, sheet over head and sobbing. For two weeks, he had had a staff full of Brigham and Women's Hospital nurses addressing his ever need—more attention he had had in a life-time. He had completed post operative teaching about the future care and follow-up and what was expected. Much teasing was done about this group of handsome young men and their future. He was not so sure there was a future…still in an orphanage until they pushed him out; no one had time for him to be the center of their universe, as most of us do for our children.
I had reports periodically that he was doing well. He was managing his Coumadin, although he had not shown up for appointments because he had no money for transportation. Money raised to support this aspect was tied up in paper work. His liver was said to be shrinking, his mitral regurgitation decreasing …
On a recent trip to return to Rwanda, I saw a tall, very handsome, still almost gaunt, young man walking down the hall with a smile to light up the universe. One year later, he was doing well and was surviving in a way we find hard to imagine here. For the moment he has a bed to sleep in and sometimes food. He says the governmental support for genocide survivors is delayed so he has been out of school. A quick Western Union transfer got him back in school and food for the month. Discussion ensued about eating as healthy as possible, at least one meal a day, and continuing follow-up care. We talked of plans to send an allowance and forget the paperwork that appeared to be perpetually tied up. As I felt a stab of concern …was he telling me the truth? I felt some faith in the world was a good thing. I asked him about college….he was speechless. He asked if he could call me Mummy.
This young man is an integral part of Rwanda's future and ought to deserve a chance at success, not merely survival, for himself and his country as much as anyone else. When his college education is completed, he will become a valuable part of country's future economic growth. An allowance now can provide him access to important benefits that most take for granted, such as healthy food and instructions on how to prepare, mentoring to teach a healthy life style, how to manage a small allowance, lessons that can teach him how to make the most of what he's been given……and perhaps the knowledge that people really care about what happens to him.
He is one of the patients we have been given the opportunity to work with. You can help.


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On the home page of the BEEF website is a poll for you to participate in. The poll asks, "When do you think cattle prices will return to pre-recession levels?" So far, 457 of you have voted in the poll, which shows 40% of you believe the markets will continue to improve this year. Go ahead and participate in the poll and share your thoughts.
Now, the next question is, how long will this last? What do you anticipate the rest of the summer looking like for beef prices? What is your outlook for the fall? Are you buying or selling? Let's swap notes!
Finally, if you're looking for an interesting read on the topic, check out "Cattle Prices Are Too Low, Says Banker/Economist," by Larry Stalcup. The article says that cattle prices should be up to 25% higher right now. Check it out and let me know what you think.
- AmandaRadke's blog
- 3 beef headlines: Shark Tank, Biggest Loser & The Food Babe
- Have You Joined the Online Conversation?
- Log In or Register to post comments

subset: commoncrawl


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Philadelphia Kids Spotlight: February '09
The Arden Theatre Company is Philadelphia's foremost producer of children's theater, and is currently staging David Wood's stage adaptation of Roald Dahl's popular children's book James and the Giant Peach (through February 8). Wood's adaptation is especially fun for younger kids and adults will be dazzled by Jorge Cousineau's innovative visual effects.
By Cooper Robb • Feb 5, 2009 • Philadelphia


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Lauren Beukes – author, journalist, comic scribe, and storyteller extraordinaire – returns to the Big Chair at the Roundtable to infuse this week's workshop with the insight, experience, and vision that is the hallmark of her many works in the world. She's joined by Guest Writer Joshua Cordasco who brings a tale of a magical power play that sees 99% of the world dead and our heroes – including a disgraced devil – left to figure it all out. Between Josh's fabulous story and Lauren's keen sense of story, this is classic Roundtable goodness fraught with Literary Gold! (and there's even MORE writerly goodness in Lauren's Showcase Episode! It just doesn't stop around here!)
PROMO: Equal Education… working for quality and equal education for every person in South Africa
Workshop Episode 41 (Guest Host: Lauren Beukes)
[caution: mature language and themes – listener discretion is advised]
Podcast: Download (Duration: 1:19:11 — 54.4MB)
Check out this and all our episodes on iTunes and on Stitcher Radio!
Coming up for Lauren… (more…)


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Birds are very social animals. Interactive toys educate birds and provide companionship while owners are away.
Electronic cell phone with organic GPPS mirror and a variety of pre-recorded messages.
Easy press buttons articulate four different phrases to encourage speech and assist in building vocabulary.
Encourages: Vocabulary Building, Learning, Companionship
More Info:


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Laredo, TX > Bed y Breakfast
Super 8 Laredo
Categorías: Bed y Breakfast, Hoteles, Moteles, y Hospedaje
2620 Santa Ursula AveLaredo, TX 78040
(956) 722-6321 - Main
(956) 722-5502 - Fax
Horas de operación
12:00 am - 12:00 am
12:00 am - 12:00 am
12:00 am - 12:00 am
12:00 am - 12:00 am
12:00 am - 12:00 am
12:00 am - 12:00 am
12:00 am - 12:00 am
DescripciónClose to I-35 with Free Wi-Fi and Free Breakfast
Ideally located off Interstate 35 with easy access to Casa Blanca Park, our Super 8 Laredo, TX hotel near Laredo International Airport is a convenient stop after a day on the road. Use our free Wi-Fi Internet access to plan your day, and get going each morning with free SuperStart continental breakfast with hot waffles. Cool off on a warm day with a swim in our outdoor pool. Store drinks in your refrigerator, and use your microwave to make a snack. Kids 17 and under stay free with an adult at our Laredo hotel.
Enjoy a day of family fun with hands-on education at Imaginarium of South Texas, then browse more than 150 shops and grab a bite at Mall Del Norte, five minutes from our Laredo hotel. If golf is your game, play 18 holes on the tree-lined fairways of Casa Blanca Golf Course, less than 10 minutes from our door. Watch live music, world class entertainment and Laredo Bucks hockey at Laredo Energy Arena, less than 15 minutes away. For a taste of college life, head to Texas A & M International University, near Lake Casa Blanca International State Park, for a campus tour.
Enjoy authentic Mexican food minutes from the border at La Mexicana, La Casita or Taqueria Ravi, all less than one mile from our Laredo hotel. Nearby Coyote Creek Grill offers American classics with a Southwestern spin. If you are craving Chinese food, Emperor Garden Asian Bistro is only five minutes away. For fresh seafood and savory Italian entrees, La Roca is nearby.
Our hotel in Laredo features a business center and offers fax service for a small fee.
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Facility Specific Par B&B's: - WiFi Internet Access
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Par Bed and Breakfast, Guest House or Small Hotel owners, get listed on this page. Click here to find out how.
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Leonard Maltin on the Movies - Off-Ramp for December 3, 2011
Occupy LA Raid from inside the park - Frank Stoltze on a tents situation
Michal Czerwonka/Getty Images
Members of the Los Angeles Police Department patrol the park in front of City Hall in downtown in the early hours of November 30, 2011 in Los Angeles, California. Protesters remained on the City Hall lawn despite a deadline, set by Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, to dismantle their campsite and leave the park which the city declared closed as of 12:01 am November 28th.
Off-Ramp host John Rabe was kept out of the encampment after the LAPD raid started, but KPCC's Frank Stoltze was part of the media pool allowed to witness the arrests firsthand. John and Frank met across the street from City Hall Friday morning to recount what Frank saw.


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
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"I loved this! It was so good...and the next day leftovers I thought were even better. I made this exactly as written,except I didn't use instant potatoes. I must not have waited long enough before serving, although it was like 30 minutes because it was still too thin. The next day though it had thickened up alot and was yummy! I also make this wi..."
"These are soo tasty and so easy! Thanks for sharing this. My husband says he now has a favorite fry. I am a mother of 5 and everyone of my kids loved them."
"I honestly didn't expect to like this, but I did and so did the rest of my family. I added a can of corn as recommended in previous reviews and it was excellent! I will be making this again."
"I made this based on previous reviews and I was pleasantly surprised at how good it is. I will be making this again."
"This was very good, my husbands favorite food used to be his mother lasagna and now its this one! Thanks for posting this."
"Yummy! is all I have to say about this."
"These are soo good! I made them exactly as written and even my husband who usually won't eat meatballs due to heartburn not only loved them, but no heartburn. 5 stars!"
"This potato soup is AWESOME! I always get the potato soup at restaraunts and have never made it myself. I can now venture into new things at restaraunts, because I can now make potato soup that is just as good if not better. I made it just as the recipe called, however I think next time I'll add some green onions and maybe some bacon. Thank you fo..."
"This is such a simple and great chili. My husband and I both loved it! I'm definitely going to make it again for the whole family. Thank you for sharing this!"
"Theses were really yummy! I liked it much better with the cheese soup rather than the traditional tomato. My husband says it is his new favorite. My 10 year old couldn't get enough either. Thanks"


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16 comments on "Real Housewives of ORANGE COUNTY"
Ummm Capparella? You do know that it is a tv show right?? She is obviously playing this "character" !! It is all for the cameras!!!
the nay-sayers above on this page are the not so bright ones.stop watching then. if you think they are so fake.no one makes you turn on bravo.alexis is my fav.some of you just do not like her speaking of the lord.she is strong and smart and stands up for what she believes.we as christians do not have to live in a box.learn a lession.bev!she has alot of fans on facebook.get over it.be kind.
Hmmmmm…..I guess one could say the same thing to you about reading this blog. Stop reading then. One could say this. I wouldn't, 'cuz I am just too darned nice.
Ana is too nice to say it, but I'm not. See here's the thing. I think of myself as religious, but don't u think that Alexis is a weeeee bit of a contradiction. I mean she loves the Lord, but not as much as her plastic surgeon. Hmmm. I don't think religious peeps tell others that they're not so bright.
well really alexis has not done any thing too the ladys on the show and they should take care of there own bussiness. and tamra please please would some one make her GO AWAY WITH A PASSION !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
Alexis is ridiculous. Always talking about the Lord with her chi chis hanging out all over the place. When she said a prayer before Gretchen's Pussycat Doll performance, I fell out laughing. Really? You are going to ask the Lord to bless an event like that? Her prayers should have been for the people who had to suffer through Gretchen's awful singing.
I think they are for the most part all rediculous vicki is pathetic, tamara is a joke and cannot be trusted, the only one I really like anymore is gretchen ,I think she has more smarts and heart than any one of them,heather is so into herself that she is obvious about it ,she doesn't know everything she only knows how wonderful she is ,how does she know whether gretchen has been offered a part or not and what business is it of hers.I will not watch her sitcom because of her,I would rather see gretchen in it,I think she has been treated horribly by vicky and tamara,what a joke those two are——————-its time to go to another channel!
vicky getting to old to compete with the younger girls ,,, she claims to have money so use the time and money to find a man and stop worring about gretchen.
What is sad is how nick picky two faced, back biting women they are. Most of them have no class and are trashy in expensive clothing. Who the heck cares if Alexis brags about her money, cars etc..why care..let her talk for one and Vicki when she starts has no class, most of them don't. Sad hope the young don't look at them as role models. Money surely doesn't buy you class! Nor your 1099 Vicki!
Vicki is pathetic and so miserable that she has become very skilled at ruining friendships and any other happy relationships she detects…..her mission to bring down Gretchen is pure and obviously jealousy. Gretch has a man that loves her so deeply, her business is flourishing, and Vicki can no longer claim to be the only businesswoman in the group….Gretch is a burr in Vicki's saddle…She looks more like Ms. Piggy after all that plastic work.
I enjoy hate-watching the neurotic, dippy, and occasionally castrating Shannon Beador but I have to admit the Daily Mail pix of her with David in Hawaii are a pleasant surprise – she looks good with no makeup.


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Advanced Search
"I KNOW WHAT IS WRONG with oureducation system!" I cried out to my catTaco, who was seated on my lap, and tothe mountains outside my window, which,usually enshrouded in clouds, weremaking a surprise March appearance.Taco was unimpressed; she had heardsuch declarations before, made withsimilar gusto. Like many of us in education,I see "the problem" often, andleap to a solution. Maybe our leaping toso many solutions is the problem, butthat is for exploration in another column.
This latest epiphany of mine was prompted by a recent New York Times Magazine article. While the cover story on "Should Boys and Girls Be Taught Separately?" was interesting, what got me thinking was a piece by Virginia Heffernan on the 25th-anniversary DVD of the great 1982 movie Tootsie, starring Dustin Hoffman as a man who tries to pass himself off as a woman in order to land a part on a soap opera.
In the article, Heffernan talks about acting as an avenue for moral responsibility. She describes how "performance, in front of recording devices, [is] the only way that the characters in Tootsie can learn to be good." She repeats one of Hoffman's memorable lines, spoken to Jessica Lange's character, which brings the point home: "I was a better man with you, as a woman, than I ever was with a woman, as a man."
Heffernan says the message is one that can be seen in the work of "actors" on reality shows and YouTube clips, who also can't act virtuously unless they are being filmed. She says the presence of all those cameras recording their every move and utterance forces them to be moral. "These young actors," she writes, "often say that the process of making themselves camera-ready, along with the scrutiny of an audience, serves as a kind of spiritual audit without which they could never be honest or even learn to live at all."
Why the epiphany? Just prior to reading Heffernan's article, I had read a piece about local affiliates of the state of Washington's teachers union, who are upset at the superintendent of instruction, Terry Bergeron, over her support of the statewide testing program, the Washington Assessment of Student Learning. It occurred to me, in the powerful way that new ideas always arrive, that Heffernan's thesis was analogous to what's wrong with the fixation on testing that has overtaken our education system.
Drilled endlessly in preparation for state assessments, students are not being allowed to perform-to work together in groups to solve real-world problems and present those solutions to real audiences. Students need opportunities to be watched by an audience in order to be motivated to do their best, and reveal the best parts of themselves. Yet they get few chances to act, unless you count acting like they are interested in class. That spiritual audit Heffernan talks about- students need one too occasionally, to help them be truly honest and learn to live.
I'm putting Tootsie atop my Netflix queue. Maybe watching it, in addition to reading about it, will lead to another epiphany.
-Geoffrey H. Fletcher, Editorial director
This article originally appeared in the 04/01/2008 issue of THE Journal.
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Discover Chocolate and Live La Vida Cocoa!
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WGN News
11:03 AM EDT, May 28, 2012
Marv Levy
To purchase a copy of the book:
Between the Lies
In Between the Lies, Levy takes us on a journey through the NFL like we've never seen before. Through the eyes of a memorable cast of characters, many of whom are based on real football players, coaches, general managers, and owners, we get to see professional football from the inside. There are quirky character names such as sportswriter Mel Herbert, movie mogul and team owner Cedric B. Medill, quarterback Q.T. Pye, a cheerleader named Angela (Yum Yum) Baklava and a quarterback named Kelly James, who Levy admits resembles former Bills QB Jim Kelly. In Levy's work, we get to the see the game's underbelly, where rules are bent or broken, lies are used as promises, and the integrity of the game hangs in the balance.
Between the Lies is filled with the kind of behind-the-scenes knowledge that only a Hall of Fame coach could possess. After coaching in the college ranks at Coe College, the University of New Mexico, the University of California (Berkeley), and the College of William & Mary, Levy transitioned to coaching stints as an assistant with the Philadelphia Eagles (1969), the Los Angeles Rams (1970) and with the Redskins in 1971-72. He was the special teams coach on that Redskins team which lost 14-7 in the Super Bowl in 1972 to the undefeated Miami Dolphins. Later, Levy won two Grey Cup championships with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League, and then got his first NFL coaching job with the Kansas City Chiefs from 1978-82. He had coached in the USFL with the Chicago Blitz in 1984 before becoming the head coach in Buffalo from 1987 through 1997. He was also the Bills general manager in 2006-07. His lifetime coaching record is 185-143-4 (.565), including a 43-31-4 mark in Canada.


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Pine Lake Marina
Pine Lake Marina
Situated on the shores of the Swartvlei Lake and only a short drive from Sedgfield beach, Pine Lake Marina is ideal for water sports enthusiasts. Private chalets are semidetached units set in tranquil gardens.
Studio/2 max (0 Priv/2 Max)
1br/4 max (1 Priv/4 Max)
2br/6 max (2 Priv/6 Max)
3br/6 max (3 Priv/6 Max)
About the resort:
Apart from fishing, windsurfing and waterskiing, there are various dry-land diversions, including bicycles, trampolines and mini golf. While your kids have fun on the jungle gym or in the games room, you can enjoy the clubhouse facilities (for over 18's only), which offer a swimming pool, two jacuzzis, two saunas, pool tables and DSTV.
Unit information:
The Giraffe units are double storey, facebrick, free-standing chalets, set in a tranquil garden environment. These do not have a view of the lagoon.
There are three types of Giraffes:
- The six sleeper (four comfort) units consist of two bedrooms. The master bedroom has a double bed and the second bedroom has two single beds, with a double sleeper couch in the lounge. All these units have en suite shower rooms off the master bedroom and bathroom downstairs. The open plan lounge, which has a fireplace, and kitchen are fully equipped.
- The four sleeper (two comfort) units have one bedroom with a double bed and there is a double sleeper couch in the lounge. There is an en suite shower room off the master bedroom and a bathroom downstairs. The open plan lounge, which has a fireplace, and kitchen are fully equipped.
- The four sleeper (two comfort) small units have the same as the four sleeper above, except that they do not have the en suite shower room or a fireplace. A hand shower is available in the bathroom.
- Resorts are required to check proof of Identity upon check in.
- Please note that all water in the units comes from a borehole and has a rather brackish taste. Fresh drinking water is available from rain water tanks on the property.
- No pets are allowed at this resort.
** Please note: Sleeper couches are only suitable for small children under the age of 12 **
From George:
Take the N2 highway towards Sedgefield. Approximately 18km after Wilderness, turn left at the Swartvlei sign. Follow signs past Baywater Village to Pine Lake Marina.
From Port Elizabeth:
Follow the N2 highway towards George. Pass through the town of Sedgefield and approximately 5 km beyond turn right at the Swartvlei sign. Follow signs past Baywater Village to Pine Lake Marina.
Check In: 16:00
Check Out: 10:00
- Cango Caves
- Knysna
- Knysna Elephant Park
- Plettenberg Bay
- Braai facility (Barbeque)
- Catering
- Cleaning Services
- DVD Player (Limited)
- Fireplace (Certain units)
- Hi-fi ( )
- Linen
- Microwave ( )
- Parking
- Satelite TV (All Units)
- Shower (Limited)
- Telephone (Public)
- Television
- Towels (Bath only)
- Tumble Dryer (Laundromat)
- Washing machine (Laundromat)
- Babysitting
- Fishing
- Gym/Health
- Parking
- Restaurants (On site)
- SPA/Jacuzzi (Adults only)
- Sail/Boating
- Squash
- Tennis Court
- Water skiing
- Beach (5km)
- Game Farm (20km)
- Golf (30km)
- Handicap Facilities (Limited)
- Horse riding (3km)
- Key, Breakage (None)
- Nearest Supermarket (Sedgefield)
- Nearest Town (Sedgefield)
- Swimming pool (4)
- Telephone (Public)


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EAU CLAIRE -University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire students with spouses and/or children will have an opportunity to create a network of support with other students who are in similar situations in the "Balancing Roles" support group.
The workshop is sponsored by UW-Eau Claire Counseling Services and the Educational Opportunity Center.
Students will meet weekly for six weeks during the semester beginning Monday, Feb. 10. The groups will meet on Mondays from 9 to 10 a.m. and Wednesdays from 4 to 5 p.m. in the Old Library, room 2122.
During the meetings, students will begin to define their various roles, gain insight into how their educational experiences differ from traditional students, and develop strategies for solving problems experienced by nontraditional students.
The meetings are free and available only to UW-Eau Claire students. For more information or to register, call Counseling Services at (715)836-5521.
Updated: April 23, 1997


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Elenora L. Benz, Esq.
Caring...Concerned...I founded my practice on the principles of education and preparation. I want to assist my clients by easing their concerns about important personal and business legal issues. My approach to estate planning distinguishes me from other attorneys.
Estate planning should be a comfortable process, providing an atmosphere for an open and communicative attorney-client relationship. In this environment, clients are able to express their goals and desires, enabling me to develop an individualized estate plan to meet their specific needs.
My staff and I treat every client request with respect, whether providing for a spouse, children, life partner, or beloved pet. I strive to meet the needs of my clients in a timely and economical manner, while providing the most sophisticated service possible.
Practice Areas
Nancy Heslin Reading
Background and Community Service
Present or former member of:
Of Note
Ellie has one son and three grandchildren, and lives on a Sussex County farm with her dogs, cats, and horses.
Elder law often involves working with families, either because parents come in as clients and want to name their children as executors, health care representatives, trustees, etc…or because the grown children come in, worried that their aging parents need a long term care plan or tax plan and have nothing in place. Other times, disputes within the family lead to contests over who should be appointed guardian or contests over which will should be probated. For each client the task is to listen to his or her concerns and shape a solution that fits his or her needs and resources by selecting from a range of legal options. Along the way, I enjoy my clients and the process of getting to know them and feel very blessed that I get to do what I do. Nancy grew up locally in Lake Mohawk where she presently lives with her husband and two children.
Law School
Nancy grew up locally in Lake Mohawk where she presently lives with her husband and two children.
© Benz & Reading LLC | Site designed and hosted by AdvancedGroup.net. | This web site is designed for general information only. The information presented atthis site should not be construed to be formal legal advice, nor the formation of an attorney-client relationship.


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Master of Business Administration
What's New
Peoria MBA students honored Dr. Atul Agarwal with an Outstanding Faculty Award. Dr. Agarwal (center) teaches Production and Operations Management and is seen here with graduating students Michael Cochran (left) and Greg Vaughan (right).
MBA students may apply to the Graduate Public Service Internship (GPSI) Program. Internships provide tuition and stipends while students work 20 hours per week and enroll as full-time students.


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Nikki Finke Proves Vulture Columnist Gavin Polone's Point With Uncivil Blog Post
She called us lame!
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Skip to content, or skip to search.
She called us lame!
Plus: Jennifer Beals nabs leading role in Fox pilot.
Plus: 'Zombieland 2' will be in brain-splattering 3-D!


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University to add video games as 'study material'
Do video games have any value when it comes to academic research? Do they belong on shelves alongside books and movies as study materials? One university's library curator thinks they do, and he plans to add games both new and retro to the school's archives.
"Video games are just another media format for conveying information, whether it's narrative information, or story, or another way to express visual effects, or AI or computer programming," the University of Calgary's Jerremie Clyde, the librarian in charge of forming the new video game section in the library, told The Gauntlet, the university's paper. "Studying games as a media, whether it's in social sciences, communication and culture, education [or] digital humanities, is becoming more popular."
The new section will include six gaming stations where students will have access to old and new titles, ranging from the venerable PC to the time-honored classics and even new releases, such as those on the PlayStation 3. Apparently, the University of Calgary won't be the first to have a video game section in the library, though it's an addition that's welcomed by the faculty, such as by professor Dawn Johnston, who says games "teaches something about our culture."
Of course, not everyone is jazzed. Some are worried it could lead to a distraction. But, hey, you know what? I'm not even going to pull that quote because, honestly, if you're looking for a way to hide from your midterms you're going to find it. You could rent a movie from the library, mess around on the Internet for hours, or just fall asleep in the corner.
The collection sounds small right now, but it's a neat first step toward something that could be the norm in any library in the future.
The Gauntlet, via Geekologie


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Definitions for jouledʒul, dʒaʊl
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word joule
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
jouledʒul, dʒaʊl(n.)
the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves through a distance of one meter in the direction of the force.
Category: Physics
Ref: Abbr.: J 4 2 , j 4 2
Origin of joule:
1885–90; after J. P. Joule
Jouledʒul, dʒaʊl(n.)
James Prescott, 1818–89, English physicist.
Category: Biography
Princeton's WordNet
joule, J, watt second(noun)
a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second
Joule, James Prescott Joule(noun)
English physicist who established the mechanical theory of heat and discovered the first law of thermodynamics (1818-1889)
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of energy, work and heat; the work required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one metre. Also equal to the energy of one watt of power for a duration of one second. Symbol: J
Origin: Named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule.
Webster Dictionary
a unit of work which is equal to 107 units of work in the C. G. S. system of units (ergs), and is practically equivalent to the energy expended in one second by an electric current of one ampere in a resistance of one ohm. One joule is approximately equal to 0.738 foot pounds
The joule, symbol J, is a derived unit of energy, work, or amount of heat in the International System of Units. It is equal to the energy expended in applying a force of one newton through a distance of one meter, or in passing an electric current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule. In terms firstly of base SI units and then in terms of other SI units: where N is the newton, m is the meter, kg is the kilogram, s is the second, Pa is the pascal, and W is the watt. One joule can also be defined as: ⁕The work required to move an electric charge of one coulomb through an electrical potential difference of one volt, or one '"coulomb volt". This relationship can be used to define the volt. ⁕The work required to produce one watt of power for one second, or one "watt second". This relationship can be used to define the watt.
The Standard Electrical Dictionary
This term has been applied to several units. (a) The practical C. G. S. unit of electric energy and work--the volt-coulomb. It is equal to 1E7 ergs--0.73734 foot pound.--.00134 horse power seconds. A volt-ampere represents one joule per second. (b) It has also been used as the name of the gram-degree C. thermal unit--the small calorie. Synonym--Joulad.
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Deadline nearing for getting in Crawford Electric race
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- Category: Crawford County News
- Written by Laura Hengstenberg
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Individuals interested in serving on the Board of Directors of Crawford Electric Cooperative have just a few more days to get on the election ballot by turning in a nominating petition signed by at least 15 co-op members. The candidate petition period closes at 5 p.m. Friday, Aug. 2.
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When I look at my mother,
I can't help but to see the strength that she has within her. She is my my best friend....who I can laugh with and cry with and I truly enjoy her company. I talk to her everyday sometimes a couple of times a day, and I know that she one day will not be around for me to hug and love and be a phone call away. Oh how I treasure our relationship!
My mom got married when she was 20, and had me when she was 21 and my brother came along two years later and my sister two years after that. When my sister was two years of age
my dad had a lump in his neck and went to the doctors to find out he was sick with Hodgkins Disease at about 28 years of age...so I was old enough to remember some stuff, like how my dad was sick all the time, and my mom was taking care of three young kids under the age of 7 and a sick husband.
I don't understand how she ever did manage the strength and the courage to push through this tragic time in her life, our life. But with that strength she got up everyday and did what she had to do; muster up the energy to take care of my dad and tend to her young childrens needs as well.
I asked her once how she did it, and she said "she really doesn't remember too much of it, because it was like she was just moving through it all, like just going through the motions, and God only gives you what he knows you can handle. She could only do what she could and God did the rest."
She would take us to our grandmothers house or go visit other family members to pre-occupy our little minds on the things that kids that age should be doing instead of worrying about their daddy. She knew my dad needed the time to rest after having his treatments and going through what his treatments did to his body. She would then wait till he was over the tramatic experience and would bring her children home to give us dinner,bathe us and then let us see our father for a little bit until he needed to lie down and then would put us to bed, and I remember she would say our "now I lay me down to sleep prayer".
I am thankful that my brother and sister were too young to remember seeing dad like that and see what it was doing to his spirit. I am thankful God only allowed me to see only what I saw and remember as well.
I remember it being tough on my mom. I remember going to spend time with family if my mom had to take dad to the doctors. I knew my dad was sick. I knew he was losing his hair. I knew he wasn't himself. I knew I couldn't give my daddy hugs and kisses as much as I would have wanted to anyway.
You know there were times my mom would let me get up after my sister went to sleep, becasue we shared a room and I had to wait for her to go to sleep before I could get up and spend time with them and watch tv a little longer. I think now though it was because I wanted to see my daddy, and I remember giving him a kiss and a hug but being concerned with if I can and if I will get him sick because the canceer was in his spleen so they had to remove his spleen.
All I know is that I thank God everyday that he got better and is cancer free and has been for years. But when you say to me who is my superhero it is my mom for taking care of her family the way she did.
Thankyou mom, and I love you!
My mother,friend,and my inspiration
When I look at my mother,
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The Lead
Instant-start computers possible with new breakthroughDecember 19, 2014 7:57 am | News | Comments
A team at Cornell University has made a breakthrough in that direction with a room-temperature magnetoelectric memory device. Equivalent to one computer bit, it exhibits the holy grail of next-generation nonvolatile memory: magnetic switchability, in two steps, with nothing but an electric field.
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If the surroundings are designed to be sufficiently stimulating, even a simple computer screen is enough to generate an intense cinematic experience. After observing some 300 study subjects, researchers in Germany have concluded that the angle of viewing does not play a vital role in the cinematic experience. Instead, the presence of so-called contextual visual cues plays a greater role in actually drawing viewers into a movie.
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Google Glass gets speech-to-text updateOctober 6, 2014 8:20 am | by Jason Maderer, Georgia Institute of Technology | Videos | Comments
A team of Georgia Institute of Technology researchers has created speech-to-text software for Google Glass that helps hard-of-hearing users with everyday conversations. A hard-of-hearing person wears Glass while a second person speaks directly into a smartphone. The speech is converted to text, sent to Glass and displayed on its heads-up display.
Can a football stadium be as "smart"as a phone?October 3, 2014 10:21 am | by Michael Liedtke, AP Technology Writer | News | Comments
It's a tough challenge for the National Football League to entice fans off their comfy couches and into stadiums when ticket prices are almost as high as the sport's TV ratings. Equipped with lots of technology, fans at home can watch multiple games on Sunday from the couch. So when the owners of the San Francisco 49ers drew up plans for the team's new $1.3 billion stadium, they tapped the ingenuity surrounding their Silicon Valley home.
Tech-friendly cities struggle with new biz rulesSeptember 29, 2014 9:12 am | by Philip Marcelo, Associated Press | News | Comments
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Reflected smartphone transmissions enable gesture controlSeptember 22, 2014 8:52 am | by Michelle Ma, Univ. of Washington | News | Comments
Some smartphones are starting to incorporate 3-D gesture sensing based on cameras, but cameras consume significant battery power and require a clear view of the user's hands. Univ. of Washington engineers have developed a new form of low-power wireless sensing technology that could soon contribute to gesture control by letting users "train" their smartphones to recognize and respond to specific hand gestures near the phone.
Want to print your own cell phone microscope for pennies?September 16, 2014 8:01 am | by Susan Bauer, PNNL | Videos | Comments
At one o'clock in the morning, layers of warm plastic are deposited on the platform of the 3-D printer that sits on scientist Rebecca Erikson's desk. A small plastic housing, designed to fit over the end of a cell phone, begins to take shape. Pulling it from the printer, Erikson quickly pops in a tiny glass bead and checks the magnification.
Apple's smartwatch: Timely idea or clocked out?September 12, 2014 9:24 am | by Mae Anderson, AP Technology Writer | News | Comments
A habitual party crasher, Apple has a history of arriving late and making a big splash in various gadget categories. But can it continue with the Apple Watch? Smartwatches have been around for a few years, but makers such as Samsung and Sony have failed to make them a runaway hit. Apple's Watch won't go on sale until early 2015 and raises questions: Can the company work its magic as it has in the past?
Apple pushes digital wallet with Apple PaySeptember 10, 2014 8:47 am | by Mae Anderson, AP Technology Writer | News | Comments
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Microsoft revamps MSN to flow across devicesSeptember 8, 2014 12:25 am | by Mae Anderson - AP Technology Writer - Associated Press | News | Comments
Microsoft is giving its MSN news service a crisper look, new lifestyle tools and seamless syncing across devices. The company says the revamped site fits in with Microsoft's overall strategy of making mobile phones and Internet-based services priorities as its traditional businesses—Windows and Office software installed on desktops—slow down or decline.
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Smartphones set out to decipher a cryptographic systemAugust 26, 2014 8:29 am | by Sébastien Corthésy, EPFL | News | Comments
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Razor-sharp TV picturesAugust 25, 2014 1:24 pm | News | Comments
The future of movie, sports and concert broadcasting lies in 4K definition, which will bring cinema quality TV viewing into people's homes. With its 3840 x 2160 resolution, 4K Ultra HD has four times as many pixels as today's Full HD. The new HEVC video compression standard now allows broadcasters to transmit live video in the 4K digital cinema standard, and was used recently to broadcast a soccer game in Germany.
Future phones to use blood, speech to monitor HIV, stress, nutritionAugust 25, 2014 9:30 am | by Cornell Univ. | News | Comments
David Erickson, a professor at Cornell Univ., will receive a $3 million National Science Foundation grant over five years to adapt smartphones for health monitoring. The program, dubbed PHeNoM for Public Health, Nanotechnology, and Mobility, aims to deploy three systems that can have an immediate impact on personal healthcare.
A smart wristband for nocturnal cyclistsJuly 30, 2014 12:08 pm | News | Comments
A team of engineers in Switzerland have invented a wristband that flashes when the rider reaches out to indicate a turn. Designed to add safety for cyclists in urban areas, the relatively simple device consists of an accelerometer and a magnetometer that can detect the position of the user's arm. When the rider reaches out laterally, the accelerometer and magnetometer provide data to a microcontroller, which directs the LED to engage.
Gadget Watch: PadFone novel as phone-tablet hybridJuly 28, 2014 1:26 pm | by Anick Jesdanun - AP Technology Writer - Associated Press | News | Comments
Companies often blend old products to give you something new. This summer, AsusTek Computer Inc. claims you don't need both a phone and a tablet—as long as you get its new PadFone X. The PadFone works like any other phone and has a screen that measures 5 in diagonally.
Microsoft makes design central to its futureJuly 21, 2014 3:24 pm | by Ryan Nakashima - AP Business Writer - Associated Press | News | Comments
Before Ralf Groene helped devise the look and feel of Microsoft's Surface tablet, he designed food — or "food concepts," he says, for people on the go. Among them: dried noodles that come wrapped around a pair of chopsticks; a tubular meal that can be pulled with two fingers from a car cup holder base; and a fork that squeezes out sauce.
Microsoft cutting 18,000 jobs, signals new pathJuly 17, 2014 12:23 pm | by Ryan Nakashima - AP Business Writer - Associated Press | News | Comments
Microsoft announced the biggest layoffs in its history Thursday, saying it will cut 18,000 jobs or 14 percent of its workforce as it streamlines its Nokia mobile device business to focus on using the Windows Phone operating system. Although the job cuts had been expected, the extent of them was a surprise.
LG Display unveils 18-inch flexible displayJuly 11, 2014 11:38 am | by Youkyung Lee, AP Technology Writer | News | Comments
The South Korean display panel maker LG has developed an 18-inch flexible display that can be rolled into the shape of a thin cylinder, a step toward making a large display for flexible TVs. Although not as sharp as the latest ultra-high definition flat screens, the new display has a resolution of 1200 pixels by 810 pixels and maintains its function when it is rolled up.
New York police see risks with drones' popularityJuly 10, 2014 9:43 am | by Tom Hays, Associated Press | News | Comments
Police in New York City are concerned that the increasing popularity of drones in such a tightly packed metropolis could carry major risks, even becoming a potential tool for terrorists to conduct surveillance or carry out attacks. Even though it's illegal to fly the devices just about anywhere in New York City without permission, recent incidents and breathtaking videos of Manhattan suggest that the restrictions are being widely flouted.
Own your own dataJuly 10, 2014 7:28 am | by Larry Hardesty, MIT News Office | News | Comments
Cell phone metadata has been in the news quite a bit lately, but the National Security Agency isn't the only organization that collects information about people's online behavior. Newly downloaded cell phone apps routinely ask to access your location information, your address book or other apps, and of course, Websites like Amazon or Netflix track your browsing history in the interest of making personalized recommendations.
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Square PhrenaPrice: $118.00
Designed by Karl Zahn, 2009.
By Artecnica.
Artecnica's Square Phrena Pendant is the third installment of the Phrena Series (includes Phrena Light and Phrena 2 Table Lamp/Pendant Light) by designer Karl Zahn. Compared to the other Phrena Pendants in this collection, this larger Phrena Pendant follows a more squared geometric design. Zahn has evolved the Phrena design to give it a larger presence. However, this spacious presence does not disturb the pendant's elegant visual lightness. You can play with the shape of the pendant to achieve different looks. Depending on the amount of pressure that you apply, you can create a 2 or 3 dimensional pendant. Square Phrena can be installed in two positions to create two different light distributions and appearances.
An optional electrical cord & socket set can be included for use with a 60-watt lamp. This optional upgrade is offered with a Textile or Rubber Cord and is for plug in only.
Optional cord set is plug-in only.
Material(s): Tyvek (polyethylene fibers), textile, rubber
- Optional Cord: 15" L
Bulbs: 1 X 60W incandescent lamp (not included)
Designer: Karl Zahn
Karl Zahn studied Industrial Design at the Rhode Island School of Design with an emphasis on manufacturing and fabrication. Studying in Denmark in 2002 supported his love of handcraft and his own style reflects a danish modern sensibility. His work deals with materiality and explores the practical and emotional relationship we have with products in this increasingly complicated world that is driven by technology and fraught with environmental guilt.View other products by Karl Zahn
Manufacturer: Artecnica
Artecnica. Bringing delight and discovery to everyday design.
Artecnica is a Los Angeles based design company that collaborates with the most established and emerging international designers to create inspiring decorative objects for the living environment. Committed to considering issues of environmental sustainability and responsible manufacturing, Artecnica products are often made with recycled materials and transported in easy-ship flat packages, thus reducing the company's carbon footprint.
Artecnica's Design with Conscience® program works with artisan communities in developing countries to produce unique handcrafted objects that reflect indigenous skills. This humanitarian approach supports shared work and profit across borders, cultures, races, and religions. For Artecnica, design is a catalyst for change, providing an opportunity to help transform the global landscape.View other products from Artecnica


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Drinking Potters vodka and cranberry juice
Who else thinks practically(key word) all vodkas taste the same?
P.s - Im a poor college student my my alcohol choices range from potters, monarch, and Barbarossa
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ChordsChords v2Chords v3UkuleleUkulele v2
Intro C G/B Am F x's 2 Verse C G/B Am F C G/B Am F She's got an inner child. A little tame, and a whole lotta wild, Dsus2 F but as crazy as it is, it is who she is. Chorus C G/B Am F C Cause when I fell, I fell hard, for every part. From the beauty in her G/B Am F C G/B Am eyes, to the little battle scars. The good, the bad, the happy and the F Dsus2 F sad. And her perfections, to every little flaw and I want it all. Bridge G F C G/B Am And when she falls asleep I know she'll dream a little dream of me. And in Dsus2 F the morning she will see that it's easy to believe. Repeat Chorus twice
Popular Edwin Mccain tabs & chords
Song lyrics
↑ Back to top | Tablatures and chords are parodies/interpretations of the original songs. You may use it for private study, scholarship, research or language learning purposes only


text:
Expertise: Teaching English as a second language; applied linguistics
At North Park since: 1992
Dr. Dennis Bricault is passionate about connecting students with opportunities to engage Latino communities in Chicago and around the world. "Our major involves looking at the richness of Latino cultures, and gives students solid grounding in a second language, its cultures, and its literature."
In his classes, Dr. Bricault's students examine and discuss aspects of cultural differences and larger questions of social justice and faith. "My courses always have a 'culture compact' project, which requires students to engage Latino culture in some way off-campus in the city," he says.
Dr. Bricault enjoys connecting students with new experiences and perspectives. "Our Modern Language Department opens the door to many multicultural and international opportunities," he says, citing study-abroad programs such as the University's long-standing partnership with Centers for Interamerican Studies in Cuenca, Ecudaor.
Dr. Bricault is a member of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.
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Recent comments
- Stan
- April 23, 2012 - 05:04
Well...finally!! This is the most sensible idea I've ever seen coming out of the FFAW union....ever. Instead of beating on businesses who are trying to make a living, they will now have to operate in the market environment that is based on what consumers are willing to pay. I have no idea if the traditional buyers had a point in not wanting to meet the price set by the pricing board, but certainly the union will now find out for sure if they can make a go of it. I hope they do. I'm not necessarily looking for fish merchants to go out of business, but if this idea works, maybe it can be extended to other species of fish, for which there has been little common ground between merchants and the union over the years.
- David
- April 22, 2012 - 21:19
There you go! That first foray into something akin to free enterprise only took 5 centuries......
- Tom
- April 22, 2012 - 20:34
OMG is everyone as sick as I am with the fisherman - year in and year out?


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2 Apartments For Rent in Dania, FL
More Info
ForRent.com, an apartment finder service, makes your Dania, FL rental search easy. Let us guide your search apartments for rent listings provided. To narrow down your results, select from the neighborhood apartments for rent links below.
Showing 1 - 2 of 2 apartments found
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Dania, FL 33004
Sheridan Ocean Club
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text:
I was searching for ideas for pirate cookies and stumbled on someone's Etsy page and they were selling their cookies on there? They had other candies and goodies too. Just never thought you could sell food on there...wondering if anyone has sold their products on Etsy.
post #1 of 19
9/13/09 at 11:28am
Thread Starter


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British Airways just launched a 3-day sale on business class fares from most US cities to the UK, bringing fares down to $1,952 roundtrip (including taxes) for travel between May 23 and June 9. However, I forgot to mention that if you are a current British Airways Visa cardholder, you can get an additional 10% off by using promo code CARDOFFERU at checkout, or by using this link. With the discount, a Miami-London roundtrip priced out at $1,752.84.
I priced a trip to Edinburgh, Scotland for the same dates and it came out to only $12 more, for a grand total of $1,764.87.
Competitors are also matching these fares, including American which means you can upgrade from Business to First class with a systemwide or miles. If you don't want Oneworld status, the other major carriers have all matched as well. For the same dates, I was able to cobble together a Delta trip via Detroit and Amsterdam (to maximize miles, naturally) that would yield me 15,340 Medallion Qualifying Miles. I was also able to pull these fares up on Amex Travel for the same price and you earn 4 Amex points per dollar spent through that portal when you use your Premier Rewards Gold card, which is almost an additional 8,000 points.
United has also matched- $1,947 total roundtrip from Los Angeles to London
The only problem is that these fares are only good for travel until June 9, so the window is short. However, if you've got the cash and want to work on elite status requalification, these are great ways to rack up a lot of elite miles in a short amount of time and in comfort!
Disclaimer: The responses below are not provided or commissioned by the bank advertiser. Responses have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by the bank advertiser. It is not the bank advertiser's responsibility to ensure all posts and/or questions are answered.
Previous post: British Airways Business Class $1,952 3-Day Sale
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Started this discussion. Last reply by CameraClicker Jan 17. 8 Replies 0 Likes
i was successfully copying files(pictures) and pasting them into new folders when all of a sudden i would get the following error message when pasting:the file name is too long for the destination…Continue
Started this discussion. Last reply by Papa Rotzzi Jan 14. 1 Reply 0 Likes
all my files are in jpgContinue
John Macdonald has not received any gifts yet
Posted on January 15, 2014 at 1:07pm 4 Comments 0 Likes
Posted on February 7, 2013 at 11:13am 2 Comments 2 Likes
the macinaw bridge is 5 miles long! http://yooperdooper.smugmug.com/
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''White House Down'' director Roland Emmerich isn't the only filmmaker with an appetite for destruction. We tallied up films and franchises with the most carnage (bonus points to older monuments, Wonders of the World, and anything touched by the hand of Emmerich).
Copyright © 2014 Entertainment Weekly and Time Inc. All rights reserved.


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|52-572p Section text
144 of document(s) retrieved
Sec. 52-572p. Limitation of liability of product seller. (a) A product seller shall not be liable for harm that would not have occurred but for the fact that his product was altered or modified by a third party unless: (1) The alteration or modification was in accordance with the instructions or specifications of the product seller; (2) the alteration or modification was made with the consent of the product seller; or (3) the alteration or modification was the result of conduct that reasonably should have been anticipated by the product seller.
(b) For the purposes of this section, alteration or modification includes changes in the design, formula, function or use of the product from that originally designed, tested or intended by the product seller.


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They're supposed to be these topical creams which you apply and will, in turn, increase vascularity ??
I am already pretty vascular, but I want to take it even further, just out of curiousity. If any of you brahs ever tried anything like that please recommend me some products .
inb4 "Start cutting phaggot":
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Treatment of non-convulsive seizures in brain injury using
G-2-methyl-prolyl glutamate
United States Patent: 7,714,020
Issued: May 11, 2010
Inventors: Gluckman; Peter
David (Auckland, NZ), Brimble; Margaret Anne (Auckland, NZ), Wilson;
Douglas (Taupo, NZ), Tortella; Frank Casper (Columbia, MD), Williams;
Anthony Joseph (Middletown, MD), Lu; Xi-Chun May (Laurel, MD), Hartings;
Jed A. (Silver Spring, MD), Gryder; Divina (Potomac Falls, VA)
Assignee: Neuren
Pharmaceuticals Limited (Auckland, NZ)
Appl. No.: 11/398,032
Filed: April 4, 2006
Executive MBA in Pharmaceutical Management, U. Colorado
Aspects of this invention include the use
of G-2MePE to treat patients with brain injury characterized by
non-convulsive seizures. G-2MePE is useful in treating brain injuries
caused by traumatic brain injury, stroke, hypoxia/ischemia and toxic
Description of the
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to analogs of glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid (GPE).
In particular, this invention relates to neuroprotective GPE analogs, to
methods of making them, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them,
and to their use in treating neurological disorders resulting from brain
injury and characterized by non-convulsive brain seizures.
2. Description of Related Art
Each year approximately 1.5 million people in the U.S.A. sustain a
traumatic brain injury with an estimated 1.0 million hospitalised. Of
these, 225,000 are moderate to very severe and 50,000 result in death.
These injuries can be caused by concussions, penetrating injury,
contusions and diffuse axonal injury resulting from tearing of brain
tissue. Traumatic brain injury is a difficult and often frustrating
condition to treat. Blunt head trauma can result in brain hemorrhage,
swelling and increased intracranial pressure. Penetrating wounds caused by
projectiles can be particularly difficult because of the rapid absorption
by brain tissues of a large amount of kinetic energy and the high degree
of damage that can result. As a direct result of such injuries, brain
cells can be damaged or die. Additionally, secondary effects can further
exacerbate the loss of functional neurons. For example, cellular damage
can release cytokines and other chemoattractive molecules into the brain
and can cause inflammation. Inflammation itself can cause additional
damage to brain tissues and cells through the release of proteases and
other inflammatory mediators, which may recruit yet additional cell types
and exacerbate the problems further.
Many attempts are made to reduce the severity of brain injury. Surgery can
be used to remove projectiles, bone fragments or other debris from the
brain. Additionally, surgery can be successful in certain cases to relieve
increased intracranial pressure, which can cause additional nerve damage,
either through a direct effect on pressure, or an effect related to
changes in blood flow to affected portions of the brain. For example, a
focal traumatic injury that causes bleeding or increased vascular
permeability can produce an area of increased hydrostatic pressure. If the
pressure is sufficiently high, blood flow to nearby portions of uninjured
neural tissue can be reduced, compromising oxygenation of the affected
tissue. Further, decreased blood flow, if severe enough, can cause
starvation of brain tissues due to decreased flow of nutrients to the
affected areas. As a result of these changes, in most patients with
traumatic brain injury, recovery is often slow and incomplete. With
prolonged periods of injury, neurological functions can be severely
compromised and neural deficits may persist for many years, or even for
the remainder of the patient's lifetime.
In addition to traumatic brain injury, stroke or severe hypoxia/ischemia
can also result in brain injury. In many cases, patients with stroke
exhibit similar signs and symptoms as patients with traumatic brain
injury, including penetrating ballistic brain injury (PBBI). Further,
perinatal asphyxia and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, brain
seizures and neurotoxic agents can lead to brain injury.
In many types of brain injury, neural deficits and neurological signs may
be easy to evaluate. In some cases, impairment of motor function or
abnormalities in electroencephalographic (EEG) signals is observed. In
many animals and humans with traumatic brain injury, stroke or severe
hypoxia/ischemia, a type of delayed EEG abnormality or brain seizure may
evolve that is associated with overt motor convulsions and is therefore
clearly identifiable by observers of such patients and thereby treatable
with established anti-epileptic drug (AED) therapy.
However, in most cases of brain injury acute/early monitoring of EEG brain
function is impossible or impractical. Here seizures may occur that are
not associated with overt motor abnormalities. Without continuous EEG
monitoring these "non-convulsive seizures" ("NCS") or "silent brain
seizures" ("SBS") are not observed as a clinical feature of the brain
trauma and go untreated. Nonetheless, such non-convulsive seizures can
reflect severe brain injury. In one study, a subgroup of patients with
severe traumatic brain injury experienced electroencephalographic signs of
seizures, but had no convulsions (Vespa et al., J. Neurosurg 91:750-760
(1999), expressly incorporated herein fully by reference.
Non-convlusive seizures are not only symptomatic, but also can contribute
to poor patient outcome. Thus, it is desirable to identify useful
treatments for NCS. Although gabapentin and ethosuximide have been
reported to reduce experimental NCS, many conventional antiepileptic
agents are ineffective (Williams et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap.
311:220-227 (2004), expressly incorporated herein fully by reference).
Furthermore, efforts to treat NCS in human TBI with standard AED therapies
have proven ineffective thereby identifying a critical care need in the
art for improved methods of treating NCS.
It had been previously believed that mature nervous tissue is incapable of
regeneration or recovery after severe injuries. Thus, few attempts have
been made to treat brain damage to restore neural function. Fortunately,
this misapprehension is being reversed, due in large part to recent
studies on neural regeneration. For example, insulin-like growth factor 1
(IGF-1) has been shown to promote neural survival in animals with brain
injuries. The N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1, glycyl-prolyl-glutamate (Gly-Pro-Glu;
GPE or Glypromate.TM.) has similar neuroprotective effects. In fact, GPE
has been used both in vitro and in vivo to treat neurodegeneration.
However GPE is rapidly hydrolyzed by enzymes in plasma and in tissues
thereby contributing to a relatively short half-life in vivo. Therefore,
there is a great need for new types of therapies that can be used to treat
neural damage associated with brain injuries resulting from stroke,
various traumatic brain insults, coronary artery by-pass graft,
hypoxic-ischemic episodes, etc.
EP 0 366 638 discloses GPE (a tri-peptide consisting of the amino acids
Gly-Pro-Glu) and its di-peptide derivatives Gly-Pro and Pro-Glu. EP 0 366
638 discloses that GPE is effective as a neuromodulator and is able to
affect the electrical properties of neurons.
WO95/172904 discloses that GPE has neuroprotective properties and that
administration of GPE can reduce damage to the central nervous system
(CNS) by the prevention or inhibition of neuronal and glial cell death.
WO 98/14202 discloses that administration of GPE can increase the
effective amount of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), glutamic acid
decarboxylase (GAD), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the central
nervous system (CNS).
WO99/65509 discloses that increasing the effective amount of GPE in the
CNS, such as by administration of GPE, can increase the effective amount
of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the CNS in order to increase TH-mediated
dopamine production in the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's
WO02/16408 discloses GPE analogs capable of inducing a physiological
effect equivalent to GPE within a patient. The applications of the GPE
analogs include the treatment of acute brain injury and neurodegenerative
diseases, including but not limited to, injury or disease in the CNS.
The disclosures of these and other documents referred to in this
application (including in the Figures (see Original Patent)) are expressly
incorporated herein by reference as if each one was individually
incorporated by reference.
To address the above and other problems in the art, we have recently
discovered that an analog of GPE, namely glycyl-2-methylprolyl-glutamate
(G-2MePE) has neuroprotective properties. We have unexpectedly found that
G-2MePE can be used to protect neural tissue in animals with traumatic
brain injuries, including penetrating brain injuries, stroke,
hypoxia/ischemia and toxic injury. Furthermore, G-2MePE can be effective
in reducing the incidence and severity of non-convulsive brain seizures,
and can be effective in restoring motor coordination in animals with
traumatic brain injury.
Description of Embodiments
Non-convulsive seizures (NCS) can be present in patients having brain
injuries caused by a variety of insults. In fact, some patients present
with a history of brain injury but with few signs or symptoms. Thus, many
of those patients are untreated or undertreated. Because NCS can lead to
worsening in outcome, including more significant brain pathology and later
neurological impairment, it can be important to intervene in treatment
early after an insult that may lead to brain injury. Thus, a sub-group of
patients with brain injury can be identified by the presence of
non-convulsive brain seizures, even in the absence of motor or other frank
neurological abnormalities. By diagnosing NCS at an early stage, patients
can be treated and worsening of outcome be minimized, if not improved.
Thus, in certain embodiments of this invention, patients with NCS can be
treated effectively with G-2MePE, decreasing the overall severity of the
SBS contribution to brain damage by 1) decreasing the incidence of NCS,
and/or 2) increasing the time before NCS signs appear. This strategy can
be useful in treating patients with stroke, hypoxia/ischemia, toxic and/or
traumatic brain injury, including penetrating ballistic brain injury (PBBI).
Studies of stroke can be carried out using a well-characterized animal
system in which a middle cerebral artery is occluded (MCAo). In animals
with MCAo, a portion of the brain is deprived of oxygen, resulting in an
infarct, similar to that seen in non-hemorrhagic stroke in human patients.
Using this system, we have unexpectedly found that G-2MePE can decrease
the incidence of NCS and can prolong the time period before which NCS
signs appear. Similarly, hypoxia/ischemia can be studied in animal systems
by temporarily or permanently occluding a carotid artery. We have
previously demonstrated that G-2MePE can reduce the severity of neural
degeneration in animals subjected to hypoxia/ischemia (U.S. application
Ser. No. 10/155,864; U.S. application Ser. No. 11/314,424), both
applications herein expressly incorporated fully by reference.
Penetrating ballistic brain injury (PBBI) has been more difficult to study
due to the lack of suitable animal systems. However, with the recent
development of an animal model system for generating and evaluating PBBI
(Williams et al., Journal of Neurotrauma 22(2):314-332 (2005), expressly
incorporated herein fully by reference, it is now possible to evaluate
prospective therapies. Although PBBI has certain unique features, many of
the signs and symptoms of PBBI are similar to those of other types of
brain injuries including impairment if cerebral blood flow (cerebral
ischemia) as may be encountered in clinical ischemic insults including
stroke. For example, in an animal model of stroke (the system described in
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/314,424), we found that motor deficits
associated with loss of brain tissue caused by occlusion of the middle
cerebral artery (MCAO) can be reduced by G-2MePE. Herein, we unexpectedly
found that in other animals without motor seizure activity, G-2MePE can
delay and in many cases prevent the appearance of NCS in animals with MCAo.
Animal Model System for Studying PBBI
With the development of an animal model for studying PBBI it is now
possible to carry out careful studies of PBBI under controlled conditions.
Briefly, the animal system was designed to mimic effects in human beings
who suffer from PBBI, for example caused by a penetrating round (bullet).
When a penetrating round enters the brain, the increased drag forces and
yaw angle cause the round to tumble. During such unstable flight, an
estimated 83% of the round's available energy is dissipated into the
tissue, forming a large temporary cavity in the shape of an ellipsoid.
This temporary cavity, which is estimated to be 10-20 times larger than
the size of the permanent cavity caused by the missile track, compresses
the surrounding tissue and is considered to be a major source of damage
from a ballistic wound.
The penetrating ballistic brain injury model described in Williams et al
(2005), which is that used in this application was designed to model two
aspects of a high-energy bullet wound to the head: (1) the permanent
injury tract created by the path of the bullet itself, and (2) the large
temporary cavity generated by energy dissipation from the penetrating
missile. The injury is produced by insertion of a specially designed probe
into the brain of an anesthetized rat at the desired location (permanent
injury tract) and rapid inflation of an attached balloon to mimic the
temporary cavity induced by a penetrating bullet. Parameters for the size
and shape of the temporary cavity were calculated based on the cavitation
produced in the human brain by a NATO 7.62 mm round. The size of the probe
and the volume of the expanded balloon were scaled to the rat brain by a
ratio of 762.5:1. Due to the linear relationship between the bullet's
impact velocity and the diameter of the temporary cavity, different injury
severities can be modelled by expanding the balloon to different volumes.
As a result of such injuries, hemispheric swelling and intracranial
pressure increases, reactive astrocytes increase in number, microglia and
leukocyte infiltration is observed. Neurological tests and behavioural
tests (e.g., balance beam test) demonstrate sensory-motor deficits.
Additionally, severe, electroencephalographic disturbances occur,
including the presence of cortical spreading depression, slow-waves and
brain seizure activity. Thus, the rat system used herein is a reproducible
system that produces quantifiable measures of outcome of PBBI and is
scalable to the severity of injury. Thus, results obtained using this
animal system closely mimic human PBBI, and studies using this system are
therefore predictive of outcomes in humans. Additionally, this animal
system can provide highly predictive results of studies on agents that
protect neurons from damage caused by PBBI, making positive results
obtained with G-2MePE highly predictive of effects that are expected in
treating humans with G-2MePE.
Non-Convulsive Seizures
Brain injury can, in many cases, cause a type of seizure without motor
effects. Such seizures, non-convulsive seizures (NCS), also known as
silent brain seizures (SBS) have been observed in humans with severe
traumatic brain injury (Vespa et al., J. Neurosurg 91:750-760 (1999). In
these patients, many have abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity
that can be monitored using continuous EEG measurements. Such measurements
show both epileptic types of activity, including a sudden onset of
repetitive spike-and-wave discharges that can increase in amplitude and
evolve over time. One type of EEG pattern is pseudoperiodic lateralized
epileptiform discharges ("PLEDs"). Other subjects showed non-epileptiform
discharges, including a symmetrical disorganized slowing in the 5 to 7 Hz
range or asymmetrical disorganized delta waves. Importantly, although
classical therapies for epileptiform EEG abnormalities (e.g., phenyloin,
midazolam, lorazepam, phenobarbital and the like) may be effective in
reducing delayed post-traumatic epileptiform abnormalities, those agents
may not be effective by themselves in treating patients suffering from SBS.
Similarly, acute seizures can be observed after intracerebral hemorrhage (Vespa
et al. Neurology 60:1441-1446 (2003). In a population of patients with
ischemic stroke or intraparenchymal hemorrhage, EEG recordings showed
electrographic seizures. Additionally, seizures after intercerebral
hemorrhage may be of the non-convulsive type (NCS or SBS).
The types of EEG activity described for human are mimicked by similar
epileptiform or NCS activity in rats (Hartings et al. Experimental
Neurology 179:139-149 (2003). In rats subjected to middle cerebral artery
occlusion (MCAo), EEG abnormalities include 1-3 Hz rhythmic spiking, PLEDs
and intermittent rhythmic delta activity (IRDA). PLEDs were characterized
by appearance of interictal spikes, sharp or slow waves recurring with a
variable period of from 1 to 8 seconds. IRDA events were characterized by
presence of readily identifiable, brief (e.g., <10 second) bursts of
rhythmic, large-amplitude waves in the delta-theta (3 to 8 Hz) frequency
range. In many cases, electrographic seizures were not associated with
motor convulsant activity.
Thus, we can define a sub-population of patients with acute brain injury
and the presence of NCS activity without overt motor manifestations. For
example, a patient having a history of brain trauma or IRDA and PLEDs may
be well suited for therapy with G-2MePE. In these patients, G-2MePE can be
useful in decreasing the magnitude and number of NCS events, and thereby
can decrease the likelihood of later neurological damage caused by NCS
In some cases, it can be desirable to treat a subject experiencing NCS
with G-2MePE and another agent to inhibit neurodegeneration. Several other
neuroprotective agents are known in the art, and include Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE),
insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II),
transforming growth factor-.beta.1, activin, growth hormone, nerve growth
factor, growth hormone binding protein, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3],
basic fibroblast growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, hst/Kfgk
gene product, FGF-3, FGF-4, FGF-6, keratinocyte growth factor,
androgen-induced growth factor, int-2, fibroblast growth factor homologous
factor-1 (FHF-1), FHF-2, FHF-3 and FHF-4, keratinocyte growth factor 2,
glial-activating factor, FGF-10, FGF-16, ciliary neurotrophic factor,
brain derived growth factor, neurotrophin 3, neurotrophin 4, bone
morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), glial-cell line derived neurotrophic
factor, activity-dependant neurotrophic factor, cytokine leukaemia
inhibiting factor, oncostatin M, interleukin), .alpha.-, .beta., .gamma.,
or consensus interferon, TNF-.alpha., clomethiazole; kynurenic acid, Semax,
tacrolimus, L-threo-1-phenyl-2-deca-noylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol,
adrenocorticotropin-(4-9) analog (ORG 2766), dizolcipine (MK-801),
selegiline, glutamate antagonists NPS1506, GV1505260, MK-801, GV150526,
AMPA antagonists 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX),
LY303070, LY300164, MAdCAM-1mAb, MECA-367 (ATCC accession no. HB-9478), an
anti-.alpha.4.beta.1 receptor antibody and an anti-.alpha.4.beta.17
receptor antibody.
It can be appreciated that along with G-2MePE, classical anti-epileptic
medications can be used if desired. Combination therapy using G-2MePE and
one or more other anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) can be of benefit in
treating a non-convulsive event. Thus, in certain embodiments, one or more
hydantoins, including phenyloin, fos-phenyloin, mephenyloin and ethotoin
may be used along with G-2MePE. In other embodiments, one or more
barbiturates, including phenobarbital, mephobarbital, primidone and its
metabolite phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) can be used along with G-2MePE. In
still other embodiments, G-2MePE and one or more iminostilbenes, including
carbamazepine, can be used, as well as one or more succinimides, including
ethosuximide. Additionally, valproic acid and/or its salt valproate and
G-2MePE can be used in combination to achieve desired therapeutic effects.
In other situations, G-2MePE can be used with one or more
oxazolidinediones, including trimethadione and paramethadione, one or more
benzodiazepines, including clonazepam, clorazepate, lorazepam, diazepam
and its metabolites N-desmethyldiazepam and oxazepam, gabapentin,
lamotrigine, .gamma.-vinyl gamma amino butyric acid (.gamma.-vinyl GABA),
one or more carbonic anhydrase inhibitors including acetazolamide, one or
more dicarbamates including felbamate. In still further embodiments,
G-2MePE can be used in combination with one or more agents including
midazolam and dextromethorphan. It can be appreciated that G-2MePE can be
used with one or more agents from different classes noted herein.
Claim 1 of 19 Claims
1. A method of treating an animal having
a brain injury and an electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern characteristic
of a non-convulsive seizure (NCS), comprising administration to an animal
in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a neuroprotective
agent which is glycyl-L-2-methylpropyl-L-glutamate (G-2MePE).
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