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GAs Having Children and Talking about Having Children
In comments on Steve Evans's recent post at BCC on how birth rates might be increased in accordance with GAs' counsel to have more children, the question was briefly raised of how many children GAs themselves have. One commenter pointed to a post at By Study and Faith where Jared had found that younger members of the Quorum of the 12 have fewer children on average than do older members.
In this post, I will try to expand a little on Jared's study by looking at FP/Q12 members over a longer period of time, as well as by trying to look at the link between GAs having lots of children and GAs encouraging Church members to have lots of children more explicit.
FP/Q12 Number of Children Across Time
I began by expanding Jared's list of FP/Q12 members back in time to see if there was a clearer trend. I wanted to get as much data as possible, but I didn't want to go far enough to get into years of polygamy, where the number of children a man had might be strongly affected by how many wives he had. I chose my dataset to be all FP/Q12 members called since 1920. I got the list of members from ldsfacts.net, and the numbers of children for each man from Grandpa Bill's General Authority Pages. Grandpa Bill did fail me for three men, who I looked up on Family Search. (My sister Elbereth will be so proud!)
Here's a graph showing the number of children each FP/Q12 member had, organized by calling date. (A graph by birthdate–not shown–looks very much the same.) I added a best-fit line (in green) and a 10-year moving average (in red).
Wow! I was totally expecting to find obviously declining birth rates here. The US birth rate fell by about in half during this time period, and even though the Mormon birth rate has been higher, I thought it had still declined. But from both the linear trend (very slightly negative) and the moving average, it appears that there's no trend over time for FP/Q12 members.
Regarding Jared's original finding that newer FP/Q12 members had fewer children, it's possible that this is just a chance finding that happens when you pull 15 data points out and analyze them. Or perhaps it's a real trend, but the trend has only begun. I guess only time will tell.
Conference Talks on Having Children
I also thought it would be interesting to look at whether there is a trend in how often the importance of having children is discussed in Conference. I looked for Conference talks that brought up this issue given between 1971 and 2013. If a talk met either of the following two criteria, I counted it as mentioning the topic:
- The phrase "multiply and replenish" appeared in the talk. I checked this using the Conference search tool at lds.org.
- The speaker cited Genesis 1:28 in the talk. I checked this using the LDS Scripture Citation Index.
Here's a graph showing the number of talks each year meeting either or both of the above criteria. I added a 10-year moving average (in orange).
Like with the previous graph, it really doesn't look like there's much of a trend. There's a bump around the introduction of the Proclamation on the Family in the mid-1990s, and there's maybe a decline from a higher level in the 1970s, but this might just be a random wiggle.
Also like the previous graph, I was expecting to see more change. It would make sense for the rate to go down over time as reproduction maybe becomes less of an emphasis in the Church. Or it would make sense for the rate to go up as Church members start having fewer kids and GAs' try to counteract the trend. But a flat trend with a few bumps isn't at all what I was expecting.
GAs Having Children and Talking about Having Children
Going back to the discussion on Steve's post, it looks like it was being suggested that FP/Q12 members who have more children might talk about the importance of having kids more. So I decided to look at this question too.
For each current member of the FP and Q12, I counted up how many talks he has given in Conference that meet one or both of the criteria in the previous section for having brought up having children. Then I looked at how long each man has served to get a rate of number of talks per decade he gives that address this topic. (I originally used number of talks per year, but the resulting fractional rates are harder to wrap my head around.) I then compared this rate for each man to how many children he has.
Here is a graph showing the result. The graph is a scatterplot, in case you've come across such things before. Each man is represented by a single point on the plot. The horizontal distance from the left side of the plot to the point tells how many children the man has. The vertical distance from the bottom of the plot to the point tells how many talks per decade he has given on having children. For example, toward the upper right hand corner is Elder Nelson's point. It is 10 units from the left side of the plot because he has 10 children. It is 2 units up from the bottom of the plot because he has given 2 talks per decade on having children.
We finally have something interesting to talk about! It looks clear that the more children a man has, the more likely he is to talk about the importance of having children in Conference. (The Pearson correlation between the variables is 0.48. This is on a scale from -1 [perfect negative relationship] to 1 [perfect positive relationship].) Also striking is the variability in how often different members talk about having children. Seven of the 15 have never talked about it in Conference at all, while others bring it up as often as 10% of their talks (2/decade=1/10 for a non-FP member).
Of course this analysis is like Jared's that I linked to at the beginning of this post. It uses only a small number of records, so it might be showing just a chance relationship that would vanish if studied more thoroughly. I do suspect that there is something real going on here, though. It would make sense for FP/Q12 members to talk more about commandments that meant more to them personally, and that they felt they might have done well at fulfilling.
I'm interested to hear your thoughts on any of the results or on the topic more generally.
- 16 January 2014
25 Responses to "GAs Having Children and Talking about Having Children"
Fascinating, Ziff! What I find interesting about the first graph is that there are quite a few GAs clustered around the 2 to 4 range, but those who have 4 or more children appear to be more spread out. So while those with more children are pulling the mean up, about half of the GAs in the graph have 4 or less children. I was always a bit surprised when I found out that top GAs in the church had relatively small families as many of the families in my ward growing up had 6 or more kids. I heard strong messages growing up that members shouldn't use birth control and should have as many children as they could so it often didn't make sense to me that so many GAs seemed to have "small" families. But the last graph does seem to shed some light on the situation. Those who are emphasizing commandments about having more children are those who have more children themselves, while those who have small families just don't talk about family planning as much.
There are lots of medical school families in my ward, so I often hear people complaining about the scheduling of those in training. Although there have been reforms in recent years to cap the number of hours residents can spend in the hospital, I have heard the idea of doctors' resistance to these reforms likened to a dysfunctional family: I suffered through crazy training and you (younger ones) should have to, too. Sometimes I wonder if people with big families feel the same way: I did this because that was my interpretation of the commandments, how dare you define replenishing as a simple doubling of your number!
I would much rather hear talks about quality parenting than quantity. I am one of 10 kids and I think my parents are fabulous; I also think I did not have the same closeness and attention from them that my 3 kids will get from me. Some of my siblings interpret that lack of closeness and attention as a lack of love–I don't agree, but I understand their feelings. Who cares how many kids you have if you are not an available parent? Certainly not the kids themselves.
I agree that the most striking point of the graphs for me is that the people with "big" families are the outliers. 2-4 kids is definitly where most of the GAs live. That interests me.
Sometimes I wonder if people with big families feel the same way: I did this because that was my interpretation of the commandments, how dare you define replenishing as a simple doubling of your number!
This strikes me a perfect example of escalation of commitment.
Your Linear Trend in GA children went from slightly below 6 to slightly below 4. Doesn't that suggest a 20-30% drop?
Also, if you grouped this into 20 year chunks, wouldn't you end up with a more telling trend, especially considering that your standard deviation would be radically declining.
Also worth noting, no GA had no children or even just one child.
That's a good point, Matt. I've probably undersold the change over time in the first graph. It's about 1/10th of a child per decade decline, and R squared = .01. So it's not giant, but it's probably not quite zero.
ESO and Katya, I think that's a really interesting point. I think it's probably far more general than choosing how many children to have. It seems like people who have made sacrifices to follow a commandment are often frustrated with people who have taken a less hard-line stance and so have in some sense "gotten off easier." I'm thinking of like Sabbath day observance. "How dare someone have more fun on Sunday when I've given up so much to make sure I'm within the hedge about the law?" for example.
And good point, Beatrice and Matt. It's interesting that there are so many in that narrow 2 to 4 range that's past zero or one, but certainly not big by historical Mormon norms.
Can you do this for the women in leadership? I noticed that the current RS presidency has 25 children between the three of them (6, 6, 13) and in light of this I'd wonder whether that's just a strange blip right now or part of a larger trend.
Good question, Petra. I looked up the General RS presidents before writing this post but ended up not including them. I'll see how hard it would be to expand to counselors and other presidencies made up of women.
Great extension of my analysis. Including historical data makes it more informative in that there doesn't seem to be a decline over time in the number of children. However, what's interesting is that 3 children is the mode (what it is for the current 15 apostles). In fact, the distribution of children is almost bimodal (2 and 3). That's likely what's reducing the time effect. Also, does that mean that someone with 2-3 children is more likely to be called as an apostle?
If you haven't already check out my analysis of the current group of 1st quorum of 70: http://bystudyandfaith.net/2013/10/reanalysis-many-children-seventy/
70s would be a much larger sample size to look at over time, if anyone is bored…
Just read through the comments – probably should have done that before commenting.
Great comments with people already pointing out the number having 2-3 children.
Maybe instead of year of calling look at year of birth and number of children. I found hints of a relationship between age and number of children but being able to have a larger sample size could elucidate things. I'd be happy to run the analyses if you don't mind sending me your data.
The peak in the 10 year average is in the mid to late 1980's. This could be caused by any number of factors including:
1. President Kimball's administration and the immediate follow-up.
2. Reaction against Roe v. Wade and other social trends in society.
3. Calling of men who started families during the earlier baby boom.
4. Some other cause.
I think that #3 is the most likely, with random chance also in the mix. If #3 is part of the cause, the current decline should be expected to continue for a while.
This is interesting! I don't have any great insights, but just wanted to say I appreciate you efforts, Ziff.
I've recently become aware that most conservative members believe that all GA's are saying the same thing about every subject. If one GA says large families are better then all GA's believe it.
So if they hear the few GA's who talk about large families, they believe they are all saying that. So they never hear the message that smaller families are OK. So these members submit their will to the belief that large families is what the Lord wants.
To actually question how many children each GA has would be disobedient.
Don't forget that many people cannot control the number of children they have. 1 in 4 couples have difficulty having children and 1 in 10 cannot without extraordinary means. Just because a couple does not have children or only has one or two, does not mean that they did not want more.
Geoff A. You know some very strange people. But I wouldn't apply the broad label "conservatives" to what you have "recently found." I have known quite a few "liberals" that treat the GAs that same way.
Oh, I definitely agree, wonderdog. I guess I was just thinking that by the time a man is called to the Twelve, he and his wife are done having kids, so whatever the reasons for high or low numbers, they are what they are. So it's kind of more a question about whether the Twelve who are already in are using number of kids as a criterion. Just from the overview level, it doesn't appear that they are.
Ziff, something to add for consideration here is at what age did the member of the 12 marry and how old was his wife. That would be the next great factor on how many children they had. Many of the 12 married much later than is often considered the norm in Mormon culture – especially in the early 20th Century. I'm sure there are related reasons concerning a young man gaining sufficient professional experience to support a wife, lengthy missions, and other cultural reasons. But they're worth calling out because they cause people to step outside their preconceived notions.
Fascinating stuff, Ziff! It looks like Packer and Nelson have a disproportionate impact on the correlation judging from your last figure. If they are excluded, is there really any correlation at all? Perhaps this just goes to show that a couple of relatively idiosyncratic apostles can have an outsized impact on the discourse.
I just cross-posted this to FMH FB page with these comments: VERY interesting, especially to me as I'm in the age range when BC was taught as sinful and I heard plenty of talks about having lots of children. The reality is, that pressure to have many children and not use BC was a HUGE contributor to my divorce from "righteous" LDS X. He also felt I "belonged" to him via the temple sealing ceremony, which also gave him the right to rape me. The early years of our marriage were spent at BYU, so we probably heard more talks about "multiply and replenish" than other might have heard. I strongly feel the church rhetoric during the 29 years we were married contributed to his abuse of me and me buying into it. Now, I hate how I was brow-beaten into having so many children. PLEASE don;t get me wrong – I LOVE my nine kids – all grown but one. My X was took to heart EVERY thing he heard from a GA, SP, etc. about having lots of children, then took that to mean LOTS of sex without BC. For me , these "wise" words very extremely damaging.
The disappearance of the >6 category for the past 23 years seems significant. It was never the majority, but a complete absence makes a difference.
That disappearance at the 23-year mark may have to do with seat belt and child car seat laws a decade or two before that.
After a certain point in our national history, deciding to have more than 5 or 6 kids means you're also committing to drive an Astro van, and it takes a very particular or dedicated (or whatever) person to be willing to do that, no matter what your religious ideals.
[…] RMM: GAs Having Children and Talking about Having Children […]
Hans Rosling, see TED talk– http://www.ted.com/playlists/6/sex_can_we_talk.html expected to find a strong relationship between religion and the number of children. However, this was not the case. He found the relationship to be stronger with socioeconomic levels and education (particularly of the women.) I wonder how our GAs would map out according to his specifications if there would be a difference in income or if in this case it could be attributed to religious upbringing. I also find it interesting to consider while looking at the first graph that the children these men had when they came into the calling were conceived a decade or two earlier when perhaps more of the preaching on "no birth-control" happened.
Ziff excellent collection and demonstration of the data! Superb!
Thanks, Hinged. That is really interesting!
Jared, sorry I've taken so long to respond, but I've emailed you the data if you want to do more analyses with it.
[…] I picked this post, where he looks at the link between General Authorities having lots of children and teaching that […]


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post2919602539855876380..comments2014-12-08T00:01:17.226ZComments on Auction House Addict: Cross Realm Auction House - Yes? No? Maybe?Nev email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-63041369168667752742012-11-10T02:14:50.098Z2012-11-10T02:14:50.098ZGreat blog about this subject. I hope it doesn...Great blog about this subject. I hope it doesn't happen but I will survive and adapt regardless :)The Xtremehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-45617400182492002862012-11-09T16:13:28.026Z2012-11-09T16:13:28.026ZHey Epic - thank you for your comment - we're ...Hey Epic - thank you for your comment - we're talking about this because it's quite a hot topic at the moment - as with all 'will they/should they/how could they' type subjects - it is just speculation but when a blue poster brings it up again, then brains start working overtime.

I agree with a lot of your points - massively complicated project to do correctly but it is just speculation for now. As for quelling discussion - no worries - it's the internet - it would probably take a worldwide EMP to wipe out communications before rumours & speculation would stop & even then, I'm not so sure! :)Nev Joneshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-70524156918897605422012-11-09T16:07:59.583Z2012-11-09T16:07:59.583ZThanks Robert :) Yup, I have mixed feelings too bu...Thanks Robert :) Yup, I have mixed feelings too but I do think it's a very long way off, if ever so I'm just going to wait & see what happens :)Nev Joneshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-73811797332232166002012-11-09T14:57:25.152Z2012-11-09T14:57:25.152Zi don't mean to be a debbie downer but why are...i don't mean to be a debbie downer but why are we still talking about this, just look at the problems they had implementing the AH for diablo with the reconciliation and lag errors....the systems that would be needed to underpin the transactional load balancing alone would have to be similar to the ones used by the nasdaq and other world exchanges(realtime, accurate, error correcting) if players wanted their items at the price they see and within a time frame of less them 5-10 mins(not instant mind you). The AH interface would have to account for the flux of millions of items and milllions accessing and changing a relational DB of an immense size...its just not feasible for blizzard to try and implement with the sole benefit being "choice"

TL:DR prohibitively expensive, waste of dev team finite resources, no benefit to player base, and would lock out a large population of the playerbase due to hostile market conditions is almost every area

...i also hate to try and quell discussion as a thought exercise, but these posts and others are being used to spread misinformation and FUD (unintentionally), WOWs rumor mill does not need the help. EpicCollisionhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-55670003379485225742012-11-09T09:31:19.153Z2012-11-09T09:31:19.153ZNice article Nev. :) I have very mixed feelings ...Nice article Nev. :)

I have very mixed feelings about widening the AH to be cross-realm. On my server I control a number of the markets and don't like the thought of these markets suddenly being 'flooded' with players from other realms.

That's a selfish view, of course, and I do feel for players on low pop realms. My first step would be to do away with the neutral AH and bring together the Horde and Alliance AHs on each realm. I know on my realm that the Alliance population is quite high but the Horde is quite low by comparison - bringing together the two faction AHs would very much help the low-pop faction and would seem like a sensible first step. Obviously this would be one of the areas in the game where gameplay reasons would need to rank above lore but Blizzard has always said that in these crunch situations that gameplay trumps lore. There would most likely be a period of price stabilisation here – the prices between Alliance and Horde on my server have a fair gap between them relatively speaking but this would level out quite quickly I think.

However, this would also kill off one of my really good markets which is buying 'high price' items on the high-pop, lower price Alliance side and then 'exporting' these over to the low-pop, higher price Horde side. I jokingly refer to this as my 'Luxury Goods Export' business. lol
Robert Waddellhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-24339571624587879862012-11-08T01:08:32.425Z2012-11-08T01:08:32.425ZI think the best advice I can give is 'it'...I think the best advice I can give is 'it's your blog, for your fun, don't stress yourself to get posts up regularly but do try to keep it going' Trying to post everyday for example will drive you crazy very quickly unless you have a lot to say (umm, yeah, I might have that problem!)Also if you force yourself to write stuff, it can show thru to your readers that it's forced & that turns them off. Just try to enjoy it & reach out to other bloggers & soon it will feel normal :) Maybe join us on Twitter? there's lots of us out there Nev Joneshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-70781203658563849952012-11-08T00:21:59.299Z2012-11-08T00:21:59.299ZAww thanks! I was a bit wary about doing a general...Aww thanks! I was a bit wary about doing a generalised blog but I think it's the only way I could make blogging worthwhile as I enjoy so many things in WoW. Now I just need to get into the swing of things - posting regularly etc. Any advice would be greatly appreciated :)Jojohttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-88090826379815789882012-11-08T00:08:54.555Z2012-11-08T00:08:54.555Zoh I know your pain! I have about 6 pages of glyph...oh I know your pain! I have about 6 pages of glyphs on my server at 5g or less! Cold over at Cold's Gold Factory has nicknamed them Kobolds - wannabe goblins who just haven't got a clue!Nev Joneshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-63430779271117675262012-11-07T23:47:00.273Z2012-11-07T23:47:00.273ZNo, and here's reason why... Or maybe if blizz...No, and here's reason why...
Or maybe if blizz limit undercut % to (for example) 1%... If something cost 500g, 1st undercut can't be less than 1% down of 500g, or 495g... On my server, i have 2 retards... One post everything 50% down and other post everything in large stacks for 20g...

Imagine that 2 guys x 100...jelencehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-77470385215328616872012-11-07T23:45:25.363Z2012-11-07T23:45:25.363Zhey Jojo, thank you! I'm glad you enjoyed it. ...hey Jojo, thank you! I'm glad you enjoyed it. Just popped over to your blog - looks like we have a similar thing going as I just started my new general WoW blog last week - I shall go have a proper read & look forward to hearing more of your adventures in Azeroth :)Nev Joneshttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-20801239398632630652012-11-07T23:42:11.452Z2012-11-07T23:42:11.452Zoh yes! I'd love that cross server mail - need...oh yes! I'd love that cross server mail - need to get my heirlooms to lonesome lowbie alts! I'd also like a global server system - I've made so many friends on US servers, would be fab to actually get to play with them. Nev Joneshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-46091984282312647942012-11-07T23:36:37.491Z2012-11-07T23:36:37.491ZYou've made some excellent points on this subj...You've made some excellent points on this subject! Really enjoyed reading them :)Jojohttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-78141777567260488382012-11-07T23:31:48.264Z2012-11-07T23:31:48.264ZIt'd also require they provide that missing cr...It'd also require they provide that missing cross-server mail system, another heavily requested system, to work with the new cross-server AH.

I could see there being a lot of issues between both systems (e.g missing won auctions/income mail), unless the new multiple-server AH system detaches itself from the mail system altogether.Opheronhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-84219614003425217482012-11-07T23:13:45.910Z2012-11-07T23:13:45.910ZI agree with that for sure although I'm sure t...I agree with that for sure although I'm sure ther ewill be many cross faction gold makers tearing their hair out at the thought of it :)Nev Joneshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-5646883904827592202012-11-07T23:12:52.761Z2012-11-07T23:12:52.761Zyeah I think for low pop realms it would probably ...yeah I think for low pop realms it would probably be a really good thing although I'm sure there will be naysayers on that too. I think the problem will be if they try to combine high/med & low pop all together - the low pop realms won't know what hit them tbh! But it's all speculation for now so I'm not going to worry about it :)Nev Joneshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-79402907161729860762012-11-07T22:43:42.866Z2012-11-07T22:43:42.866ZI might actually be able to buy old content mats t...I might actually be able to buy old content mats to flip or craft with if this happened. Im on a low pop realm, haomarush(us), and most of the time if you want older mats like cloth you have to go farm it yourself. I control several markets and could definitely see the competition this generates cause chaos.whoseabankhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6690056124011845308.post-84106840002225138472012-11-07T21:57:02.724Z2012-11-07T21:57:02.724ZThey should be trying to combine same-server facti...They should be trying to combine same-server faction AHs.

Making the leap to multi-server AH is too large a leap for a first attempt.Opheronhttp://email@example.com


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a) a nature preserve perfect for observing animals and cataloging bugs. Home & Garden is on their way!
b) a space with fun places for your kids to play, with a couple bird feeders and the milk carton birdhouse they made at school.
c) a place where you and your kid can spend lots of time together creating wonderful hideaways and beautiful gardens.
d) a nice clean deck or patio and an expanse of grass that doesn't harbor pesky varmints.
10) After a rain, your kid picks up a worm on the sidewalk. You:
a) hand it back and forth, laughing at how it wiggles and tickles.
b) watch it crawl around in your kid's palm, then urge your kid to put it in the grass so no one steps on it.
c) hunker down and talk about why worms come out in the rain and how they help the soil.
d) yell "Don't touch it!" and reach for the sanitary wipes.
11) The weather outside is frightful and your kid is restless. Frogs have been a recent interest so you:
a) set up a tadpole aquarium together to learn about the frog life cycle.
b) make some frog puppets together for a puppet show.
c) take your child to the library so she can get some books about frogs.
d) let him play a video game with a frog hero.
12) You are outside with your baby who has just learned to crawl. You:
a) get down together and discover the way grass, rocks, moss, bark, and other textures feel.
b) watch contentedly as your baby explores the dirt, chews on sticks, and tosses handfuls of grass in the air.
c) present your baby with interesting objects to examine and chat about them, repeating their names, and explaining what they are.
d) keep your baby off the dirt and grass, scooping her up when she nears anything remotely natural.
13) How would you feel most comfortable spending an hour experiencing nature with your child?
a) watching him play in the sandbox (which, if it has no lid, can be a very rich nature experience).
b) Sitting by a river, throwing rocks, and chatting together.
c) decoding animal tracks in the snow, field guide in hand.
d) watching an IMAX movie about coral reefs (but not in 3-Dthat's getting a bit too close to nature!)
14) Your older child wants to get a pet. You:
a) go pick out a puppy togethereveryone needs an adoring friend to romp with.
b) encourage her interest in whatever pet experiences come along (from keeping the class rat to adopting a stray kitten).
c) research pets together to choose the best kindan appropriate pet will teach him how to be a responsible caretaker.
d) explain that pets are too much work, they smell, and they just break your heart when they die.
15) Your child comes home with a seed in a cup from school. You:
a) let him take it up into her room to watch it grow.
b) help him decorate the cup and set it on the kitchen table to admire each day.
c) talk about what kind of plant it will be, which sun exposure it needs, and how often she should water it.
d) say, "That's nice, dear," then chuck it in the trash when she's forgotten about it.


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E-mail this story
Date Diaries: 'Want to see my back scar?'
Not everyone has been on a great date, but we've all definitely been on bad ones. Ones that were so bad, they left a sour taste in our mouths for the place we had the date at. This is a story about one of those dates.
By Jessica Galliart, @jessicagalliart
February 8, 2013


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Knee Arthroscopy :: ACL Reconstruction
Arthroscopy of the Knee Joint
Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure in which an arthroscope is inserted into a joint. Arthroscopy is a term that comes from two Greek words, arthro-, meaning joint, and -skopein, meaning to examine.
The benefits of arthroscopy involve smaller incisions, faster healing, a more rapid recovery, and less scarring. Arthroscopic surgical procedures are often performed on an outpatient basis and the patient is able to return home on the same day.
Find out more about Knee Arthroscopy from the following links.
Total Knee Replacement (TKR)
A total knee replacement (TKR) or total knee arthroplasty is a surgery that resurfaces an arthritic knee joint with an artificial metal or plastic replacement parts called the 'prostheses'.
Find out more about Total Knee Replacement with the following links.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ACL Reconstruction
The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the major stabilizing ligaments in the knee. It is a strong rope like structure located in the centre of the knee running from the femur to the tibia. When this ligament tears unfortunately it doesn't heal and often leads to the feeling of instability in the knee.
ACL reconstruction is a commonly performed surgical procedure and with recent advances in arthroscopic surgery can now be performed with minimal incisions and low complication rates.
ACL Reconstruction Hamstring Tendon
ACL Reconstruction Patellar Tendon
This simply means that only a part of the knee joint is replaced through a smaller incision than would normally be used for a total knee replacement. The knee joint is made up of 3 compartments, the patellofemoral and medial and lateral compartments between the femur and tibia (i.e. the long bones of the leg). Often only one of these compartments wears out, usually the medial one. If you have symptoms and X-ray findings suggestive of this then you may be suitable for this procedure.
Find out more about Unicondylar Knee Replacement with the following links.
This means that part or all of your previous knee replacement needs to be revised. This operation varies from very minor adjustments to massive operations replacing significant amounts of bone and hence is difficult to describe in full.
Find out more about Revision Knee Replacement with the following links.
Please use the links below to get more information from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons:
Broken Bones and Injury
Common Knee Injuries
Femur (Thighbone) Fractures in Adults
Tears and Instability
Kneecap, Unstable
Pain Syndromes
Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Knee Pain)
Diseases and Syndromes
Bowed Legs
Arthritis of the Knee
Pain Syndromes
Burning Thigh Pain (Meralgia paresthetica)
Treatment and Rehabilitation
Osteoarthritis: Surgical Treatment
Joint Replacement
Anesthesia for Hip and Knee Replacement Surgery
Nonsurgical Treatment
Care of Casts and Splints
Arthroscopy and Reconstruction
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Surgical Considerations in
Postoperative Care
Knee Arthroscopy, Exercise Guide
© Shahan V. Yacoubian, M.D. hip knee shoulder joint replacement surgery Burbank CaliforniaHome | Disclaimer | Privacy | Sitemap | Feedback | Tell a friend | Contact


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The multiplicity of ENM variants makes material-by-material assessment impractical. That heterogeneity in nanomaterials, characterized by distributions of properties, has spurred efforts to generalize about exposure and hazard potential in relation to these properties, rather than considering risks for specific types of materials. Initial attempts point to complexities in understanding risks of ENMs (Dreher 2004). For example, the size range used to describe ENMs—1-100 nm— has relatively little bearing itself in determining the risk to people or the environment (see, for example, Auffan et al. 2009; Drezek and Tour 2010). Risk "problems" associated with ENMs have been formulated in terms of established "technologic" characteristics of ENMs (such as particle size) that do not appropriately reflect the potential for harm.
Framing risks associated with an ENM in terms of established definitions provides some insight into emergent risks. For example, exposure potential may be enhanced as particle size decreases to the point where novel physicochemical properties begin to dominate behavior. At the same time, a focus on particle size may highlight issues that are not relevant while shifting attention from such properties as reactivity that may be more relevant to determining risks (for example, Maynard 2011; Maynard et al. 2011a). Consequently, there is substantial uncertainty in understanding of the risks associated with the products of nanotechnology, leading to confusion on prioritizing, and addressing these risks— a confusion that is illustrated in many reports on risk. (See discussion in Chapter 1.)
In making risk-based decisions—whether translating an innovative idea into a new product, crafting new regulations, or developing a risk-research strategy—effective problem formulation is essential (NRC 2009). Formulating the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) "problems" presented by ENMs has proved challenging, as documented by research efforts over the last decade.
In addressing the challenges presented by ENMs, the committee notes that there is a distinction between a research strategy and a research agenda. The committee has developed a strategy that provides a principle-based approach to sustaining an agenda for EHS research that will be accountable and adaptive as ENMs change, diversify, and expand in use. In this chapter, the committee describes the research framework for its strategy; later chapters identify data gaps to be addressed by the research strategy. The generation of findings for risk assessment is considered here as an evolving process based on the integration of various research efforts rather than as a static "deliverable." There will be an ongoing need to inform decision-making in advance of product development and to consider uncertainty coming from incomplete information on future production quantities, ENM properties, and uses of nanomaterials. An evolving and iterative process provides feedback for adjusting research priorities and provides


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Fatal work injuries in 2006
August 10, 2007
There were 5,703 fatal work injuries in the United States in 2006, down slightly from the revised total of 5,734 fatalities in 2005.
Of the 5,703 fatal work injuries in 2006, 5,202 occurred in private industry. Service-providing industries in the private sector accounted for 47 percent (2,693 fatalities), while private goods-producing industries accounted for 44 percent (2,509 fatalities). Government workers accounted for 9 percent (501) of fatalities.
The overall rate of fatal work injuries in 2006 was 3.9 per 100,000 workers, down from a rate of 4.0 per 100,000 in 2005. The rate for the U.S. in 2006 was lower than the rate for any year since the fatality census was first conducted in 1992.
The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, part of the BLS Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities program, provides the most complete count of fatal work injuries available. For more information on fatal work injuries, see "National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries in 2006," (PDF) (TXT) news release USDL 07-1202. Data for 2006 are preliminary. The total for 2001 excludes work-related fatalities that resulted from the September 11 terrorist attacks, which were tabulated separately.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Fatal work injuries in 2006 on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2007/aug/wk1/art05.htm (visited December 21, 2014).
Three recent editions of Spotlight on Statistics
Housing: before, during, and after the Great Recession
looks at consumer expenditures on household items, employment in residential construction, prices for household items, and injuries in occupations involved in building and maintaining our homes.
Women veterans in the labor force examines the demographic, employment, and unemployment characteristics of women veterans.
BLS Statistics by Occupation provides an overview of occupational employment and wages with an emphasis on STEM jobs and occupational data by typical entry-level education required.


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Lasio Studios
Midtown West
- $$$
Time Out says
Posted: Thu Feb 14 2013
When Nadine Ramos opened her first NYC salon in 2000, it had just four chairs and a small clientele. As a pioneer of the coveted frizz-fighting keratin treatment, her popularity outgrew the tiny spot. Moving to this larger, eight-chair salon allows Ramos to offer more services, including makeup applications ($75). Clients can still stop by for Ramos's signature keratin treatment ($350–$500), or opt for the slightly milder formaldehyde-free version ($250) designed to keep strands in check for eight to twelve weeks. You can also get cuts for men ($50) and women ($50–$75), as well as an array of coloring services ($75–$350) using both traditional dyes and gentler ammonia-free varieties. As a bonus, every treatment includes gratis five-minute hand and scalp massages, and a complimentary tea, coffee or water.
ReviewsAdd +
Venue details
Lasio Studios 39 W 38th St
Midtown West
New York
- Cross Street:
between Fifth and Sixth Aves, second floor
- Venue phone:
- Venue website:
- Opening hours:
Tue–Thu 11am–7pm; Fri, Sat 10am–6pm
- Transport:
Subway: B, D, F, M to 42nd St–Bryant Park; N, Q, R, 42nd St S, 1, 2, 3, 7 to 42nd St–Times Sq
Lasio Studios
- 39 W 38th St
Midtown West
New York
- 212-477-2088
- lasiostudios.com
- 40.751978,-73.984541
- 39 W 38th St
- Lasio Studios


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"To all interested in ClarityOne Audio earbuds I say beware. I bought these headphones from airmiles (a licensed seller at the time) last summer. I loved the headphones and I commend the company for the quality of the audio that they produce. In my opinion they were pretty amazing. But then winter struck. I live in Canada, and incidentally the same city that the "Head Office" for Clarity One..." --bruddah
Monoprice 109927 Enhanced Bass Hi-Fi Noise Isolating Earphones, Black
" Ok, I caved and bought 2 pair of these when I needed a mini to regular HDMI cable for a new laptop. They are impressive. I like the black color better than the silver too. One thing I quickly figured out is if you reverse them (R<-->L), the cable exits out the top, and you can then loop it over your ears. It seems to fit better this way. By flipping them..." --Neeky
Monoprice 8320 IEM
" I read reviews on this and I said let me try this out, for $10 I couldn't lose. This surpassed all of expectations for a $10 IEM. I am going to purchase a set for my wife, she was also blown away by the sound. " --Taharqa
Monoprice 8322
Get your bling on with these stylish Monoprice earphones! With a sensitivity of 98 dB and a noise-isolating design, these earphones will provide plenty of volume to keep the world outside and the music inside your ears. The 47" cord is long enough to give you the freedom to move about and to keep your iPod safely in your pocket when you're mobile. It isn't enough to just have...


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Though South Korea has shot far ahead of the north in development —its economic growth is twice as large, and the gap is widening—military strength is another matter. South Korea has been spending less than 5 per cent of its gross national product on defence, while North Korea spends 5 to 20 per cent. As a result, the north has nearly 2,000 tanks, the south just 1100. The North Korean air force can scramble 655 jets, the south only 320.
Close Threat. Moreover, Seoul is under the gun, for the Demilitarized Zone—the war-scarred strip separating the two Koreas—is only 24 miles north of the city. North Korea's long-range artillery can hit the outskirts, and North Korean jets can be over the city in less than three minutes. During the 25 years since the end of the war, South Koreans have taken comfort from the presence of US troops-there as an earnest of America's treaty commitment to help defend the south. But in a surprise move last year, President Carter announced that he intended to withdraw all 34,000 US ground troops in four years, leaving only 7,000 Air Force personnel and contingents of F-4 fighter bombers. South Korea can take care of its own ground defences, he argued—aided in a pinch by American air power, the 7th Fleet and other US forces in the area.
The South Korean Government was aghast at the news, as were the Japanese. Faced with opposition—for varying reasons—from US Congressmen, the President scaled down his plans. Only one combat battalion (of Boo men) and 2,600 support personnel are to be brought home this year. But Administration officials say that Carter is still committed to a full withdrawal. Sooner or later, the South Koreans will have to go it largely on their own.
For Park Chung Hee, the south's controversial leader, the conflict between the two Koreas is an intensely personal matter. Kim II Sung sent a 31-man commando unit to Seoul in 1968 with orders to kill Park—by beheading. The raiders were stopped by guards, in a gun battle 30o yards from the Blue House, the presidential residence. In 1974, while Park was making a major speech in Seoul's National Theatre, a North Korean agent ran down the aisle firing a gun. The shots missed Park, but killed his wife, seated beside him. Always stern and remote, Park has become even more so since that tragedy.
Now 61, Park grew up in a mountain village, the son of an impoverished farmer, and became a primary-school teacher at the age of 19. Looking for a better career, he joined the occupying Japanese army as an officer cadet. He did so well at the Manchurian Military Academy that he was sent to the Imperial Military Academy in Japan, where he graduated as a second lieutenant in 1944. He spent the remainder of the Second World War as a junior officer in Manchuria, skirmishing with Chinese-communist guerrillas.
When the war ended, Japanese forces in Korea surrendered to the American Army south of the 38th parallel, and to the Russians north of that line—leading to the lasting division of the peninsula. Park joined the fledgling South Korean army. By the end of the Korean war, he was a brigadier-general. On the morning of the 1961 coup, pistol in hand, Park, then a major-general, led troops across the Han River Bridge into the Madrid apartments we booked at Dsavenue.com. The military staged the take-over after more than a year of political chaos following the downfall of another strongman, Syngman Rhee. Park was picked to lead the coup because of his determination and a reputation for incorruptibility. After taking office, Park cracked down on crooked officials, sending many to gaol.
Park submitted to free elections in 1963 and 1967, and won easily,but after he was re-elected by only a narrow margin in 1971, he pushed through a new constitution that gives him virtual lifetime tenure and guarantees him control of the National Assembly. After Saigon fell to the North Vietnamese in 1975, many Asians feared that Kim Il Sung might try for a military victory of his own against South Korea. At that point Park tightened the screw again, issuing Emergency Measure 9, which makes it a crime to criticize the authoritarian constitution and clamps a lid on student political activities.
Hard Line. An estimated 200 people are imprisoned under EM-9. Park tolerates no criticism, nor are people permitted to question the legitimacy of his regime. The Korean Central Intelligence Agency keeps close watch over any political dissidents. Such authoritarianism has evoked widespread foreign criticism. Yet his government is no more repressive than most other Third World regimes, and it is far freer than those in the communist world—than North Korea, for example, where not a peep of dissent is permitted. In South Korea an opposition exists and controls 5 of the 219 seats in the National Assembly. Foreign journalists are free to roam around and interview dissidents.
Members of the opposition concede that some tight control measures might be necessary under the North Korean threat. Yet more political freedom could be permitted, they feel, without jeopardizing national security. Today, Park would probably win a free election easily, because of public approval of his economic policies. But, as one South Korean says, "The President thinks elections are a waste of time."
While South Koreans are grateful for American help, they are a proud and fiercely independent people, and they don't expect US troops to remain for ever. The country is taking steps to bring its military strength up to the North Korean level. The defence budget has been increased sharply; defence industries are being expanded. As time goes by and South Korea feels more secure in relation to the north, it could conceivably become more democratic; though, as elsewhere in Asia, a certain amount of authoritarianism is likely to remain. South Koreans, meanwhile, can point to the fact that their country has escaped from misery and poverty to become the outstanding economic success story of the Third World.


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ApHogee Gloss Therapy 6 oz.
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ChordsTabsTabs v2
#040 {title:Little Boxes} {st:Malvina Reynolds} Little b[A]oxes on the hillside, Little b[D]oxes made of t[A]icky-tacky, Little boxes on the hi[E7]llside, Little b[A]oxes all the s[E7]ame. There's a p[A]ink one and a green one And a bl[D]ue one and a ye[A]llow one, And they're all made out of tic[E7]ky-tacky And they [A]all look [E7]just the s[A]ame. And the people in the houses All went to the University Where they were put in little boxes, And they all came out the same. And there's doctors, and there's lawyers, And business executives, And they're all made out of ticky-tacky And they all look just the same. And they all play on the golf course And drink their martinis dry, And they all have pretty children, And the children go to school. And the children go to summer camp, And then to the university, Where they are put in little boxes And they all come out the same. And the boys go into business And marry and raise a family In boxes made of ticky-tacky, And they all look just the same. # # by Steve Putz # 7 September 1992
Popular Reynolds Malvina tabs & chords
Song lyrics
↑ Back to top | Tablatures and chords are parodies/interpretations of the original songs. You may use it for private study, scholarship, research or language learning purposes only


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Just when you thought Barcelona's Sagrada Familia basilica couldn't get any bigger, another tower goes up. The master work of Antoni Gaudi, the fantastic structure is on a truly classic building schedule. Started in 1882 (just 131 years ago) the structure was only half completed in 2010. That means there's far more to complete, and even at its current dizzying height, there's far more upward growth to be seen. With a strong final push, new targets have been set for a final completion in just 13 years – at the end of 2026. [Read more…]
Beautiful Black and White Photos of La Sagrada Familia
In the heart of Barcelona is one of the world's most amazing cathedrals. La Sagrada Familia, which was designed by Antoni Gaudi and is still under construction after 130 years, still moves everyone that walks through its doors. The structure is highly unique, and while it takes inspiration from the common Gothic cathedrals found in Europe, it employs a much more contemporary aesthetic in its form. It is hoped that the cathedral will be completed by 2026, 100 years after the death of Gaudi. [Read more…]
Dekotora Trucks: Lighted Chariots of the Night
Dekotora: an art born in the land of the rising sun, where cool delivery trucks are customized with wild treatments of chrome, stainless steel, colorful airbrushed murals and hundreds of neon lights to brighten the night. In this new series All The Wrong Places from Vice, Elliott Bambrough explores Dekotora culture around Tokyo and the Japan countryside, visiting the birthplace of the trend which began in low budget mid-70s B movies about truckers going on adventures and "chasing tail." While truck culture has been waning in Japan, Bambrough gives it a little kick… check out the Dekotora treatment to his Mini at the end of the video. [Read more…]
Household Junk Recycled into Artistic Portraits
Taking normal household trash that would most likely be headed for the landfill, artist Zac Freeman uses a decade's worth of collected junk to create amazingly realistic portraits. With his 'paint' being buttons, small toys, old film canisters, Legos and much more, he carefully arranges these small bits and bobs and applies them to wooden substrate with glue. Faces literally jump off the page with intense depth and texture, so that when seen from a distance, they smooth into an organized, lifelike whole.
For more on Zac Freeman, be sure to check out his website zacfreemanart.com [Read more…]


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A new technology that provides an easily accessible, easily customizable "virtual desktop" is poised to change the way office workers use computers. Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) stores a user's personally tailored desktop on a central system, streaming the image to the client's local machine. This means users may access their desktop anytime, from various locations – on campus, from home, or while traveling, with minimal local resources.
There are many advantages to introducing the VDI technology on the ISU campus:
ITS is currently testing VMware View on campus in select administrative offices and lab environments, with the goal of providing a large-scale offering by summer 2010.
February 17, 2010


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The Victor® Poison-Free® Yellow Jacket Magnet® Disposable Yellow Jacket Trap is a clean, effective way to attract and trap those stinging insects. The ready-to-use bag trap is so convenient - just open bait, add water and hang. (Hanger for bag is included.) Disposal is a "snap" too - just snap top onto trap and place in trash! The bait is effective on all yellow jacket species all year long!
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Victor® Poison-Free® Solutions – chemical & poison free pest control products for your home and garden.
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We have developed a terrible yellow jacket problem this summer. We have purchase a couple of different brands of trap, but nothing has worked as well as this one. Mixing the attractant with apple juice or beer instead of water seems to improve its effectiveness. Buy as many as you can, because locally we have run out.
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Utica Weather
"Dr. Stein" is this year's Schultz & Dooley holiday stein
UTICA, N.Y. (WKTV) - The doctor made a house call on Saturday at the F.X. Matt Brewery. Dr. Stein that is. This year's Schultz & Dooley's collector's stein for the holidays is that of a doctor, appropriately called 'Dr. Stein'.
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Carenza Bench Dark Bronze
Sale Price: $139.99
5 Stars
Beverly from TX wrote (September 04, 2013):
This piece looks absolutely gorgeous on the wall of our great room! Very Pleased with my purchase!
5 Stars
I love wall decoration from NY wrote (April 11, 2013):
I love all the items that I purchase from your store.


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+myConnections: Engage your community - connect to news, events and information you care about. View more information...
View your community's facilities and features online with the new Facilities Module.
Personalize your online experience to stay up-to-date on news, events and other information.
9625 Canoe Launch Loop Lithia, FL 33567
average based on 1 vote
View from bridge
Nature center
Canoeing on the Alafia River
Daily Park Entrance:$2 One day entry fee for one specific Hillsborough County Regional Parkwith up to 8 people inone vehicle.
About Alderman's Ford Regional Park
This scenic regional park includes the area where the Alafia River branches into its north and south prongs. The Alafia River is one of the most popular canoe spots in the state.
Several picnic areas are connected by a pedestrian/bicycle loop path. This path, together with the boardwalk and foot bridges, is perfect for a self-guided tour as it provides a first-hand view of Hillsborough County's abundant flora.
The main picnic area has nine shelters for family or group use, and an enclosed, air conditioned pavilion for large gatherings. All are available for rental by calling 813-635-3500.
A pedestrian/bicycle trail loops for more than two miles through the park, offering scenic views of the Alafia River.


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Quaker Heritage Center to Feature 'Quakers and the Political Process'
Exhibit Runs from Oct. 11 through Dec. 10
September 28, 2010
"Penn's Treaty with the Indians" by Benjamin West, The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia
The upcoming gallery exhibit in the Meriam R. Hare Quaker Heritage Center will highlight Friends' contributions to American political life from the time of William Penn to the present.
The exhibit, "Quakers and the Political Process: Living Our Faith into Action," opens Oct. 11 and runs through Dec. 10. Normal gallery hours are weekdays from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. or by appointment through curator Ruth Dobyns.
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting produced the exhibit, which features a focus on southwest Ohio added by the Quaker Heritage Center.
"Quakers and the Political Process: Living Our Faith Into Action"
|8:00 AM until 5:00 PM
|Monday, October 11, 2010 Friday, December 10, 2010
|Quaker Heritage Center, Wilmington College
or call 937/382-6661 Ext: 719
Friends have 350 years of consistent dedication to the concepts of freedom, truth, and justice. By both collective action and individual leadership, Quakers have altered the character and concerns of American government and politics. This exhibit explores some of those efforts, including governance, advocacy, and action.
Produced by Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, with a special focus on Southwest Ohio researched by Senior Mark Fernandez, this beautifully illustrated exhibit describes Quaker contributions to American political life from the time of William Penn to the present.
The exhibit will be on display through December 10, 2010. The Gallery is open Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., or by appointment.


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About the Journal
Advances in Automobile Engineering is an Open Access journal and aims to publish most complete and reliable source of information on the discoveries and current developments in the mode of original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc. in all areas of the field and making them freely available through online without any restrictions or any other subscriptions to researchers worldwide.
The journal is using Editorial Manager System for quality in review process. Editorial Tracking is an online manuscript submission, review and tracking systems. Review processing is performed by the editorial board members of Advances in Automobile Engineering or outside experts; at least two independent reviewers approval followed by editor approval is required for acceptance of any citable manuscript. Authors may submit manuscripts and track their progress through the system, hopefully to publication. Reviewers can download manuscripts and submit their opinions to the editor. Editors can manage the whole submission/review/revise/publish process.
Submit manuscript at http://www.editorialmanager.com/engineeringjournals/
or send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at firstname.lastname@example.com
|OMICS International organises 300+ conferences every year across USA, Europe & Asia with support from 1000 more scientific societies and publishes 400+ open access journals which contains over 30000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board members.
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Dakota State University to host SDCAA Conference
Dakota State University will host the South Dakota College Art Association (SDCAA) conference October 24-25, in Madison, S.D. The SDCAA is a consortium of the state's university and college art faculty, encompassing the fields of studio art, art history, art education and graphic design.
A reception for the faculty art exhibition will take place at the First Bank & Trust Gallery, located in the DSU Mundt Library, on Thursday, Oct. 24 at 3:00 p.m.
Distinguished professor of art history, Henry M. Sayre, will give the keynote speech 8:00 p.m., Thursday, October 24, in the Tunheim Classroom Building on the DSU campus. Dr. Sayre is the author of "A World of Art," now in its seventh edition. The title of Dr. Sayre's keynote is "Art History's Time: The Book, the Slide, and the Digital Future."
View more information about the 2013 SDCAA Conference, here.


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Jeff Mathis
Brad Hand, Jeff Mathis lead Marlins past Astros
HOUSTON (AP) -- Brad Hand pitched three-hit ball into the eighth inning and Jeff Mathis hit a two-run double for the Miami Marlins in their 2-0 victory over the Houston Astros on Friday night. Hand (2-2) struck
Marlins battle past Mets
Jeff Mathis reacts to scoring the game-winning run against the New York Mets.
Marlins open series with win over Astros
Jeff Mathis discusses the Marlins' great play as of late.
Zimmerman gets 2 hits in return, first-place Nats eliminate Marlins
out at home on a fielder's choice. The Nationals appealed call but the video review upheld the call that catcher Jeff Mathis tagged Zimmerman's left leg before it crossed home plate. Bour's RBI single in the first put the Marlins on the
Baseball Capsules
started making contact and rallied late for a victory over the Mets. Adeiny Hechavarria hit a two-run single and Jeff Mathis put Miami in front with an RBI single that capped a three-run eighth inning. DeGrom whiffed eight consecutive Marlins
Mets' Jacob deGrom ties MLB mark with 8 straight Ks to open game
accomplish the feat since 1900. A top contender for National League Rookie of the Year, deGrom tied the record by freezing Jeff Mathis with a 95-mph fastball for a called third strike. The shaggy-haired righty then gave up a sharp single to opposing
Byrd, Phillies send Marlins to 4th straight loss
Marlins threatened in the seventh when Kendrick (9-12) gave up a pair of singles. He was pulled after striking out Jeff Mathis and Jake Diekman relieved. Pinch-hitter Reed Johnson singled to right for the 1,000th hit of his career, but Byrd
Marlins' slump extends to 4 games with close loss to Phillies
Marlins threatened in the seventh when Kendrick (9-12) gave up a pair of singles. He was pulled after striking out Jeff Mathis and Jake Diekman relieved. Pinch-hitter Reed Johnson singled to right for the 1,000th hit of his career, but Byrd
MLB clarifies home plate collision rule
Frazier flied out to right fielder Giancarlo Stanton, who threw home as Zack Cozart tried to score from third. Catcher Jeff Mathis tagged Cozart, who trotted in without a slide, and the runner was called out by umpire Mike Winters. After a 6-minute
Marlins' Mathis thankful Scioscia put him through the grinder
three years removed from his time with the organization, Jeff Mathis still is a part of the Angels' extended family. The ..... if he was a part of his immediate family, either. " Jeff Mathis is not only an outstanding catcher but he's the type


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Just curious if anyone has one. Remington finally came out with the 30 magazine for the 597. Sure gettin tired of loading up 10 clips. Also, any after market stuff for the 597 like there is for the 10/22? If not, why?
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I have two of the 30 rounders and they seem to work pretty well. There really isn't much aftermarket stuff for the 597. You might find some at Tactical Solutions or Volquartsen.


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Last Updated on Wednesday, 01 January 2014 16:55
How do we learn new skills? When you are training, how much feedback do you give? If you want to show the new skill, do you perform the new skill yourself, do you let your best player set an example or the player with the poorest skill level?
All good questions which I will try to address on this part of my website. Of course there are lots of interested links and articles to download.
- How do we learn?
- Whole - Part - Whole theory
- Types of skill & what that means for the learning proces
- Model Skill Level and Observational Learning
- Reflection on grids
- Reflection on plays
How do we learn?
You are responsible for learning new skills to your players or improving their existing skill level. But how? You need to know about the learning process involved. Some examples:
"Whole" Practice
In the ideal situation a skill should be taught as a whole. The player can appreciate the complete movement and execution of the skill. This "whole" method can sometimes mean the player having to handle complex movements e.g. the whole hit the tackle - go to ground - post ball technique.
"Part" Instruction
When a skill is complex (a sequence of steps like the tackle), then it is more appropriate to breakdown the complex movement into its elements. The elements can then be taught separately and then linked together to develop the final skill.
Focus on the mechanics of movement.
When part instruction is used it is important that the athlete is demonstrated the whole skill so that they can appreciate the end product and understand how the set of parts will develop the skill.
"Whole - Part - Whole" Instruction
A sort of combination of the two where the learning process becomes a more iterative cycle: try the whole skill, break down in elements and train these. Finally, bring it all back together again. You as the coach, has to now where to break down the skill.
Example: Pierre Villepreux strongly believes in the appraoch: learn the game by playing it in an environment controlled by the coach.
How to choose?
There is no preferred method but here are some pointers:
- Simple skills use "whole"
- Skills of intermediate difficulty use "part"
- Closed skills are often taught with part instruction
- Difficult skills are best dealt with by oscillating between part and whole
Problem is of course that difficulty is again a relative thing. You will have to observe and assess the players progress in training to get a better understanding of this. As an example at some point in time I found that each ruck training with my team had to start with hitting the rucking pads without involving the ball.
Types of skill
Why are some skills so difficult? Another way to categorised skills:
- Cognitive - or intellectual skills that require a group of thought processes
- Perceptual - interpretation of presented information
- Motor - movement and muscle control without much thought
- Perceptual motor - involve the thought, interpretation and movement skills
When learning a new skill you have to look at learning as a phased approach:
- Cognitive phase: identification and development of the component parts of the skill
- Associative phase: linking the component parts into a smooth action
- Autonomous phase: developing the learned skill so that it becomes automatic
So think how to break down the skill, select an appropriate method and use feedback to shape and polish them into a smooth action. Built your own catalogue of exercises and make proper selections based on observing and analysing your players performance. Also try adapting the practise conditions (grid size, number of players, ...)
Most of the time, players are lazy thinkers during practice. On some days, much of the practice seems to be conducted on autopilot. What are the consequences of this type of practice? Very little is learned!
When you have a better understanding of the cognitive processes, you can develop your practises and get a much better result from all the work on the field.
Model Skill Level and Observational Learning
Demonstrating a new technique or motor skill is one of the fundamental tools in teaching. Research has shown that demonstrating a new skill by the experienced players is not the most effective way to learn, seeing a new player trying to perform a new skill seems to involve the observing players in the thought processes of the demonstrating player. Thus getting mentally prepared for the skill.
The Guiding Influence of Augmented Feedback
Feedback improves the performance. Several types of feedback exist, augmented feedback refers to information that a player does not receive directly from his senses. For example, a goal kicker will know that his kick was not good because he will see that the ball did not go over. However, the exact reason for this result my not be obvious. Augmented feedback refers to making explicit something that might be difficult, if not impossible, to know implicitly. (usually this information is augmented by a coach using verbal statements). How much? When? Again some questions :
- Do you give your players time to think for himself first?
- Do you wait till after a series of trials?
- Do you think the frequency of your feedback relates to the number of errors?
- How much do you put in one exercise? One thing at a time or multiple tasks? In what order do you run your practise?
The answers:
- Give the players time to give feedback to themselves first.
- It is better to do a series of trials and then give feedback.
- Start with a relative high frequency, later you can use a lower one.
- Studies have shown that skills trained in a random order had a longer "retention time". This also applies for players with a high skill level
Instructions for coaches
A very blocked drill, using set starting point and a limited amount of different options/skills might give you the impression that the motor skills have improved, but the retention time of the new skill is very poor. So choose your exercises wisely and work towards the broader game related situation.
Think also about the perspective of the player, it may take longer than sometimes is thought of to acquire new skills. It is very important to discuss the role of feedback to your players! (teach the learner about learning......)
Remember, your goal is for the player to become independent of you, the coach.
Reflection on Grids
With grids we made the training situation much more controllable. We have more influences on that specific element of the game we want to improve. Always remember it is nothing more than that. Move to different grids - mark other starting points and combine exercises. The danger of grids is that when you have set up something like Player A runs from X to Y and passes to Player B who started at Z...... You exercise will surely run smoothly but in an environment that is too much controlled: a blocked drill.
Again, I have adapted Pierre Villipreux's method of teaching rugby and sometimes I only use four markers and a couple of balls......
Reflections on plays
Training on a set-play is a good example of a blocked exercise with the risk of your players becoming robots performing a trick rather than players who understand the task and performing the required skill.
(See more on Plays)
Motivational Climate
Allow your players to experiment and the freedom of mind to try and find newly acquired skills. At my training sessions nobody has to apologise for mistakes because we all work hard to improve yourself. Even stronger: if players do not make mistakes they are not learning!
(See more on how to create a good motivational climate)
Related topics are
- Skill Acquisition and "Rugby Sense" by Jeff Hollier
- Read the research paper: Cognitive Effort & Learning Motor Skills
- Coaches' Training Bulletin April 2003, from Brian Mackenzie's Sports Coach website, click here to go to his website.
- Decision Making in rugby by Pierre Villepreux- teaching the French way.
- Blink! the Power of Thinking without Thinking - in my booksection.
- Role of video in learning


text: Bianchi losing weight for grand prix debut with Marussia 11 March, 2013 Jules Bianchi Rookie Jules Bianchi is on a race to slim down ahead of his Formula 1 debut in Australia this weekend. The Ferrari-linked Frenchman secured the Marussia race seat at the eleventh hour, after contracted Brazilian driver Luiz Razia's sponsorship money failed to materialise. Speed Week reports that 23-year-old Bianchi has been put on a training and diet regime to shed 2 kilograms. Bianchi admitted the weight loss is "because of the weight distribution" of his 2013 car. "Now there's only salad for lunch, which should help, even though I am hungry all the time," he said during an interview for French television. Tweet Related NewsMarussia: It has been a tough journey to get to this pointMarussia: We are still a long way from optimising the carMarussia: We are pleased with the progress we have madeChilton targeting points finish in AustraliaAustralian Grand Prix: Marussia preview MelbourneMarussia: We are pleased with our debut race with the MR02Marussia: We'll continue to feel encouraged by a very positive startMarussia: We're very pleased with our opening dayMarussia: Australian Grand Prix race day reportMarussia: Australian GP Saturday report