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Research Fellow, Insight 64
Member of the Technology Council
Nathan Brookwood is Research Fellow at Insight 64, a semiconductor consulting firm. He has worked for and with suppliers of mainframes, minicomputers, personal computers, and semiconductors, and he has analyzed and commented on the industry from perches at D.H. Brown Associates, Inc., and Dataquest. Although best known for his knowledge of the semiconductor industry, Mr. Brookwood also works in closely allied system markets where semiconductor technology plays a key role. At Insight 64 and Gartner, Inc., he focused on microprocessors used in computational applications. His views on the microprocessor market often find their way into articles in mainstream media, business media, and the trade press. During his 40 year career in the industry, Mr. Brookwood has held marketing management positions at Micronics Computers, a PC component supplier, the Advanced Processor Division of Intergraph Corporation, Convergent Technologies, Inc., and Prime Computer, Inc. He also held marketing and development management positions at Digital Equipment Corporation. (This is me - Update Profile)
|Study Group Name
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|Semiconductor & Component Experts
|Semiconductor Experts in GLG Member Programs (US)
|Semiconductor Experts


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What can I say? I taught myself the art of reading slowly and now I can't help myself.
Awhile back, something jumped off the page at me, which often happens in Bible reading, but I find it especially happens when I've switched to a new translation. In high school, I read the NIV and the NCV {I know, I know, but my student Bible was in the NCV--what did I know? I was just a kid!}. It was an adventure to switch to the $5 bargain faux-leather NASB that I purchased all by myself in the college bookstore when I was a freshman.
But I don't like to switch up translations very often. I read the NIV for about a decade, switched briefly to the NCV {aforementioned mistake}, and then moved to the NASB in college. I read the NIV long enough to become intimate with it, and the same happened with the NASB which I read for 15 years. I want my own KJV {I'm using my husband's, so I don't feel like I can mark it up}, that I might get to know it the way I know my NASB. It's like a friend. You know where are all the scuff marks are, you know where something is on the page. It's personal. I might not know all my references, but I know my favorite places.
But I digress.
As I was saying, something jumped out at me.
I think it's because of the way I always heard the story of Noah in Sunday School. Noah was the Only Righteous Man, right? I always thought that God saved Noah because he deserved to be saved.
Now, it's true that Noah was a saint:
Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God.Before we are told this, though, we are told something else. We are told that the whole earth was wicked and filled with giants {this is why giants must be bad in story books, by the way} and God regretted that He ever made man. God decides to destroy His creation. And then, before we ever learn about Noah's righteousness, we are told this:
{Genesis 6:9}
But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD.
{Genesis 6:8}
Noah found grace.
Noah was righteous. Noah was a man who withstood the temptations of his generation.
But not even Noah could save himself. Without God's grace, Noah was a doomed man, too.
He walked with God, but he still needed grace.
I love reading the stories of the patriarchs. I love knowing that God has made some men who are truly great, and who stand of beacons of light in their own time.
But I also love knowing that no matter how strong and bold and righteous the man, without God's grace, he is nothing.
Even "good" people need grace.
Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD.
And the grace to Noah was also grace to us, for it is through Noah that eventually came Abraham, Isaac Jacob, Jesse, David, Solomon...and Jesus.
Jesus, Who is God's ultimate grace to us, but Who, interestingly enough, God chose to bring into the world as a direct result of His past grace to Noah.
It seems God heaps grace upon grace.

subset: commoncrawl


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I saw this while I was buying my Indie Gala Bundle. One of the options you can split your payment towards is Gala Project X. After a couple googles, I have been unable to fins any information on it. Does anybody know what it is?
Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 results.
From the Indie Gala Page:
"Gala Project X
Part of your contribution can be donated to support Gala Project X. The new exciting videogame project entirely backed by Indiegala. Updates will follow soon!"
They're saving up to put a PS4 in all of the company bathrooms.
Yeah, thats what I saw, I was wondering if there was any more information anywhere for it
A gala is a fancy party, and Project X is a movie about a wild party. Obviously Gala Project X involves both tuxes and beer bongs.
Sounds fun!
If it has anything to do with Italian's political wild parties, it will be full of hookers.
Cheap parasprite hookers will be cast in every role.
Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 results.


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Epping, NH - United States
Epping, NH - United States
Member Since:
December 26th, 2012
About Eunice Miller
Welcome To My Artist Website
Thanks for stopping by to see some of the photography I am offering on cards or as a print, be it on canvas or even on metal.
I also have images ready for phone skins too.
I have other sites listed below where you can buy a pillow or even a purse.
I will be adding more images of custom jewelry but they are just that, examples. I would love to make them for your needs in colors and sizes you love.
Please add a thumbs up or a comment on the ones you really like so I can use this feedback.
Again thanks so much for stopping by Folsom Mill Studio. I also have a Facebook page you can LIKE too!
For those who used to live in New England please let me know what it is you would love to see and I will see if I have something in my images I have not added anywhere publically.
My Photography can also be found here on Zazzle at:
Folsom Mill Studio
All Watermarks will be removed upon final sale by FAA.
Thanks so much for taking the time to look at what I have added here for sale, I appreciate your visit.
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Golden Time
Description: Opening
Lyrics: Yoshida Shiori
music and arrangement: kohei by SIMONSAYZ
Sung by Horie Yui
View Kanji
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Translated and transliterated by Rizuchan
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My Little Pony Ties
Lyrics copyright to their respective owners or translators. No copyright infringment is intended or implied.
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Win $10 in the Anime Wallpapers.Com August 2013 Wallpaper Contest or Origami Sticky Notes!
Makai Senki Disgaea 4
Also known as:
Disgaea 4: A Promise Unforgotten
[Submit a song for Makai Senki Disgaea 4]
[Submit a song for Makai Senki Disgaea 4]
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My Little Pony Ties
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Dr. Yauch has one office in Florida.
Specializing in the field of Family Medicine, Dr. Yauch is prepared to provide comprehensive medical care for families and individuals suffering from all types of illnesses, disorders, conditions and diseases. As a family doctor, Dr. Yauch is usually the first point of contact for patients when they seek general medical care (categorized as a primary care provider) and can refer patients to specialists when necessary.
Dr. Yauch works with one doctor, Dr. Kerwyn Flowers.
A primary care specialty that treats patients of all ages – from newborns to the elderly.


text:
I go online and read the comments about me. I'm always nervous that they're going to say something mean. But a lot of people say nice things, too. It's important to keep yourself in balance. When someone writes something about me that's not true, I just try to look at it like it's funny.Taylor Swift
What we eventually run up against are the forces of humourlessness, and let me assure you that the humourless as a bunch don't just not know what's funny, they don't know what's serious. They have no common sense, either, and shouldn't be trusted with anything.Martin Amis
The humorous story is told gravely; the teller does his best to conceal the fact that he even dimly suspects that there is anything funny about it.Samuel Langhorne Clemens
I'm obsessive about the kind of melodrama of getting through the days and trying to make them good and funny and a happy experience. But my feeling towards the fans is that they delivered me from darkness.Tom Baker
When people say it's a funny thing about them, you will probably be able to control your hysterics. They are only getting ready to announce the shattering fact that they don't like something. And it's not going to be something that's really quite awful, like suttee or apartheid; it's going to be something small.Ruth Eleanor
Hitching up the M11 coming back from a Dexys gig got picked up 'bout half eleven by this bloke in a funny wig.Attila the Stockbroker
Good sex is impossible to write about. Lawrence and Updike have given it their all, and the result is still uneasy and unsure. It may be that good sex is something fiction just can't do like dreams. Most of the sex in my novels is absolutely disastrous. Sex can be funny, but not very sexy.Martin Amis
There is nothing funny about Halloween. This sarcasticd festival reflects, rather, an infernal demand for revenge by children on the adult world.Jean Baudrillar
Comedy is simply a funny way of being serious.Peter Ustinov
It's a funny thing that when a man hasn't anything on earth to worry about, he goes off and gets marriedRobert Frost
Jazz is not dead - it just smells funnyFrank Zappa
Funny you mention my dinner parties when I have just suggested that inviting close friends over to share a meal with candlelight and wine at your table could be a form of religious experience for some people To me it is a form of sacrament.Sally Quinn
It's a funny thing, the more I practice the luckier I getArnold Palmer
It's a funny thing, the more I practice the luckier I getArnold Palmer
It is not funny that anything else should fall down, only that a man should fall down ... Why do we laugh? Because it is a gravely religious matter: it is the Fall of Man. Only man can be absurd: for only man can be dignified.Gilbert Keith Chesterton
Now you know that your headmistress, Miss Davis, was going to come in here and just check that you were all going to be well behaved. She cant do that because, as many of you probably know, she cant be here today, er, because her pants fell down earlier on. Its not funny. If any of you see her, dont make a fuss because its a bit embarrassing for her, OK? Alright? Its not funny.Derren Victor Brown
So what I tend to do is to think of today as the past. Its funny when you comin in first but you hope that you last.. You just hope that it lasts.Drake
A funny thing is if you're out hiking and your friend gets bit by a poisonous snake, tell him you're going for help, then go about ten feet and pretend YOU got bit by a snake. Then start an argument about who's going to get help. A lot of guys will start crying. That's why it makes you feel good when you tell them it was just a joke.Jack Handey
Jazz is not dead - it just smells funnyFrank Zappa
Fake news executives are nicer than real news executives, though real news executives are funnier than fake news executives. They don't know they're being funny.Stephen Colbert


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United States
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Kingsburg's Swedish Village and Historical Park
In the early 1870's two Swedish natives fell in love with this land because if its warm weather, good farming, and free government land. By 1921, "Little Sweden's" population was ninth-four percent Swedish-American. Observe the rich tradition and culture in this town with brightly painted buildings (capturing Swedish values), Dala horses, and shady bay trees. Make sure to stop by the Historical Park. Several historical structures in the area have been relocated to this park including; houses, a medical building, a general store, schoolhouse, service station, as well as an old windmill and covered wagons. With more than 30 restaurants, unique gift shops, and collectable shops, you'll have a captivating experience in this traditional, yet innovative village.


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Welcome to Huntik!
Welcome to Huntik, Aang13, and thank you for your edit to the Lists of Amulates and their fate page!
There's a lot to do around here, so I hope you'll stay with us and keep helping out.
Questions? You can ask on the Blogs or on Talk page associated with our article.
Need more help? The Community Portal and Huntik Help pages have outlines of the site and links to pages to help you learn how to edit. Recent changes will show what pages other people have been editing, and where you can help. We're very happy to have you here, and look forward to working with you! Please leave a message on one of our admins' talk pages if you need help with anything.
Enjoying myself on here.Aang13 (talk) 00:27, May 22, 2013 (UTC)
Policy Update
The Huntik Wiki policy section has been updated
The Huntik Wiki policy section and help section have been updated to give a more detailed and up-to-date look at what is common practice on the Huntik Wiki. This message is just to let you know what's been changed. Some more impacting policies are provided in detail below.
Copyright Policy
The Copyright Policy is mandatory to follow. Text may not be taken from another source without express permission, and any such text must be quoted and properly cited. Plagiarized content is subject to removal.
The Image Policy is a subsection of the Copyright Policy and is also mandatory to follow. All images added to the Huntik Wiki, including personal images, must include proper license and source information. Files which lack this information may be subject to deletion.
The Titan Stats Policy deals with how Titan attack and defense stats are treated on the Huntik Wiki. All stats must be verifiable. Precedence is given to series information. If no series information is present, the lowest stat from the Trading Card Game should be used. If no information is known, no stat information should be added.
Sincerely, the Huntik Wiki Administrative Council:
Image Licensing
Oops! You seem to have forgotten to add image licensing
You appear to have uploaded an image which violates the Huntik Wiki's Image Policy. It is the sole responsibility of the image uploader to include licensing and source information for images uploaded to the Huntik Wiki. For legal reasons, this information must be added or the image(s) may be deleted from the wiki.
In the upload menu, the option to add a license appears in the drop-down menu towards the bottom of the page. To add source information, select "Add Category" after uploading the image and select the episode, TCG set, or other source from existing categories. If you have any questions, please contact a member of the Administrative Council.
Sincerely, the Huntik Wiki Administrative Council:
Heya Aang, please don't remove those administrative notes. Leaving them can make it a bit easier to make sure I get through and sort the files later from my end. By the way, it's just a reminder notice since image copyright may be new to contributors, not something to be too worried about ; ) My main concern is helping to educate users on something that's also useful in the "real world" in addition to Wikia : )
The drop-down menu on the Upload page has been customized so things are divided basically into Screenshots, Comic Scans, TCG Scans, and Other for Huntik material. It isn't as hard to navigate through some of the "legalese" found on some of the other Wikis, but the template it will add has all of the license info. If you need help or find you've accidentally uploaded an image without licensing info and aren't sure what to do from there, you can always give a holler and I can see what's up ; )
~ The Lhikan 634 (TaLk) 03:52, May 22, 2013 (UTC)
Yeah, I see.Aang13 (talk) 17:07, May 28, 2013 (UTC)
Lindorm PB Stats
Hey Aang13, can you be a bit more specific on the outside source used for Lindorm's Powerbonding stats? I'm afraid that "an outside source" doesn't satisfy the requirements for the Huntik Wiki regarding official sources.
~ The Lhikan 634 (TaLk) 08:31, December 9, 2014 (UTC)
Where should I put the source? Its http://holotome.weebly.com --Aang13 (talk) 14:38, December 9, 2014 (UTC)
I'm afraid that isn't considered to be a valid source per our Titan Stats Policy, and numerous of that blog's stats contradict official materials or were never officially released.
~ The Lhikan 634 (TaLk) 21:58, December 9, 2014 (UTC)
Then I'll remove the stats. --Aang13 (talk) 01:37, December 10, 2014 (UTC)


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Mu Phi Epsilon
Mu Phi Epsilon, the international professional music fraternity, began at Westminster with the installation of its Phi Omega chapter in 1946. Prerequisites for membership include an overall GPA of 2.0 and a GPA of 3.0 in music classes, credits of a second-term first-year student, dues responsibilities, and a major or minor in music. Mu Phi Epsilon aims to advance music in America and throughout the world. Its purpose is to promote musicianship, scholarship and the development of friendship. $ + & *
# of Members: 25
Laura Mink
Mailbox: 596
Alexis Musgrove
Mailbox: 636
Melinda Perttu
Mailbox: 100
Last Updated Thursday, August 14, 2014
$ - organization requires payment of dues
+ - organization requires maintenance of a determined grade point average
& - organization has a selection process
* - recognized student organization by Student Life and Athletic Council
Box # in bold indicates permanent mailbox.


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RELEASED: July 25, 2006
EAU CLAIRE — The University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Alumni Association will present awards to seven UW-Eau Claire alumni at an Aug. 5 luncheon and ceremony in conjunction with summer commencement.
"These individuals are a talented, richly deserving group of individuals who recognize the gifts they have received and in turn give back to the community and to UW-Eau Claire," said John Bachmeier, UW-Eau Claire director of alumni relations. "The university is proud to recognize them for their personal success and for their service to others."
Bridget (O'Connor) Nelson, Jeff Nelson and Craig Ungerecht will receive the Outstanding Recent Alumnus Award, which acknowledges special achievements and great promise of alumni who are within 15 years of their graduation from UW-Eau Claire.
Jeff and Bridget Nelson
Bridget and Jeff Nelson met at the UW-Eau Claire Leadership Institute as undergraduates and completed their bachelor of arts degrees at UW-Eau Claire. Jeff graduated with a degree in political science in 1995 and Bridget completed a degree in social work in 1996. They married in the summer of 1996.
Both Jeff and Bridget have been active in peace and social justice issues since graduating. They became very active with the peace community in Detroit, Mich., working with coalitions to raise awareness on various justice issues, which included a trip in 1999 by Jeff to Iraq as part of a humanitarian delegation.
Bridget earned a master's degree in social work at Wayne State University in community practice and advocacy in 2000. Following graduate school, Bridget spent several years as an advocacy and education coordinator for the Hunger Action Coalition of Michigan. Jeff worked as a community organizer for Groundwork for a Just World and then obtained his master's of divinity degree from Garrett Evangelical Theological Seminary in Evanston, Ill., in 2004. He is currently an associate pastor for the First United Methodist Church of Birmingham in Michigan.
Jeff is particularly proud of his leadership with a youth project that is collecting one penny for every person on the continent of Africa who is infected with HIV/AIDS — for a total of 23 million pennies.
Bridget is a self-employed social worker doing a variety of work for various agencies including Bread for the World, Young Neighbors in Action and Alternatives for Girls.
Lt. Cmdr. Craig Ungerecht
Craig Ungerecht, a lieutenant commander in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, received a bachelor of arts degree from California State University, Fullerton in 1992 and received his master's degree in environmental and public health from UW-Eau Claire in 2000.
He was one of 34 environmental health officers from the U.S. Public Health Service deployed four days after Hurricane Katrina hit to assist the Mississippi Health Department.
Ungerecht conducted disease surveillance, evaluated food safety and water systems, assisted in the establishment of a mobile lab for testing drinking water, evaluated food distribution centers, assessed damage to day care facilities and evaluated food establishments for reopening. He was often the first government responder hurricane survivors encountered.
Ungerecht was also a responder to the 2001 anthrax bioterrorism incident in Washington, D.C. He was the site safety officer for night operations. He conducted training sessions for personnel entering the affected area, evaluated protective gear and assessed the building decontamination plan. These activities helped ensure the safety of more than 300 contractors, the Capitol Hill staff and local residents.
"Lt. Cmdr. Ungerecht's commitment to protect public health serves as a model for UW-Eau Claire environmental public health students," wrote Crispin Pierce, assistant professor of environmental public health in a letter to the awards nominating committee. "With his leadership and dedication to protecting public health, Ungerecht embodies this goal."
Mary Hilfiker and Richard Schroder will receive the President's Award, which recognizes outstanding professional or personal achievements or service to UW-Eau Claire.
Mary Hilfiker
Hilfiker, an associate education and school improvement specialist with the Wisconsin Center for Education Research at UW-Madison, received her bachelor of science degree in education from UW-Eau Claire in 1967. Her first job was as a teacher at East Middle and High School in Madison. She then earned a master's degree in guidance and counseling from the University of Nebraska at Omaha. After completing her master's degree, she took a position with the Bureau of Indian Affairs as a home living specialist at Keams Canyon School in Arizona. Six years later, she moved to Alaska and took a position as a senior guidance counselor for the BIA at Mt. Edgecumbe Boarding School. When all BIA schools closed in Alaska, she worked as a counselor/probation at a men's prison. She later was director of the Army Education Centers at an American military base along the demilitarized zone in the Republic of Korea. Following that she served as an education specialist for the U.S. Army in Los Angeles and for the BIA in Ft. Snelling, Minn., working with 12 schools in six states and with 34 tribes.
She serves on the boards of the UW-Eau Claire Foundation, City of Shoreview (Minn.) Foundation, Shoreview Historical Society and Shoreview Parks and Recreation Commission.
Through the UW-Eau Claire Foundation she also established a scholarship to UW-Eau Claire for a young African from Uganda and the Mary Roelli Hilfiker Experiential Education Scholarship, which provides funding for students who design exceptional community service projects.
Rick Schroder
Schroder's career has focused on consulting experience in technology implementation. Schroder, a 1977 UW-Eau Claire College of Business graduate, is an accomplished information management executive.
Schroder has also held several seminars for program/project management as well as technology transitioning. Also an entrepreneur, Schroder and his partner have developed a company, Trident Group LLC, for building energy-efficient/intelligent homes. The homes use geothermal heating and air conditioning and intelligent (smart) devices to run their various systems.
Schroder has returned to UW-Eau Claire numerous times to speak to Beta Upsilon Sigma, a professional student group. In November, Schroder spent a week on campus visiting several classes and participating in university events. Schroder and his wife, Evelyn Zabo, have also established a fund through the UW-Eau Claire Foundation to support several student scholarships.
"Education is of utmost importance to Rick," J. Roger Selin, UW-Eau Claire professor of accounting, wrote in a letter to the awards nominating committee.
John and Ruth Wallace
John and Ruth Wallace will receive the Alumni Distinguished Achievement Award, which recognizes distinguished service to the community, state or nation in a manner that brings credit to the recipients and UW-Eau Claire.
John and Ruth met at UW-Eau Claire, where they received their bachelor of science degrees in elementary education and master's degrees in special education. John also holds a bachelor of arts degree in psychology from the University of San Francisco, administration licensure from the University of Wisconsin-Superior and a doctoral degree in education policy and administration from the University of Minnesota.
John is the principal at South Middle School in Eau Claire. Ruth is a community volunteer and child advocate. She is the founder of the Eau Claire Interfaith Hospitality Network Inc., an organization providing temporary housing and support service for families with children. Ruth is also a founding member of the Eau Claire Children's Museum, YMCA Skate Park, Northstar Middle School Nature Trail and Children's Mental Health Alliance-Chippewa Valley.
The Wallaces are dedicated to the welfare of children. They have been foster parents for more than 25 years and together have worked on numerous community projects benefiting children, including Operation Classmate, a Hurricane Katrina relief effort that over the course of a week raised $65,000 in cash donations and filled a semitrailer with new supply kits for evacuee students in the Rapides Parish (Louisiana) School District.
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Amy M. Nicholas came to UAB in 2010 as an adjunct professor and has worked as a learning specialist for Student-Athlete Support Services since 2011. As the reading and writing specialist, Nicholas is responsible for developing and assessing the students' learning needs to identify potential learning challenges, determine effective educational interventions, and teach research-based learning strategies in accordance with individual students' needs.
Prior to arriving at UAB, Nicholas served as the academic intervention consultant for Hoover city schools from 2007-10. While there, she created and managed the academic intervention program and also served as an investigator for research related to academic interventions, among other duties.
Nicholas was one of the first reading specialists in the state of Alabama and was in that role for various school systems such as Calhoun county schools, Oxford city schools and Mountain Brook city schools from 1997-2002. During that time, she pioneered and supervised the use of Palm handhelds in the classroom and created one of the first 80 paperless classrooms in the U.S.
Nicholas has been recognized as an outstanding educator. She is involved in local communities, holding various offices on non-profit boards and government agencies across the state, and she volunteers as a disaster relief responder for the American Red Cross
Nicholas is a 1994 graduate of Auburn University where she earned a bachelor's degree in science and education. She went on to receive her Educational Technology Certification from St. Mary's College of California in 2001 as well as her Community and Government Relations Certification from Boston College in 2003.
In 2005, Nicholas received her Juris Doctorate from the Birmingham School of Law. She is currently a doctoral student in education at UAB.


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from April 2007
Last Number: April 2013
Year 2009
Blackwater guards indicted for 2007 Baghdad civilian killings.
Comprehensive new statement of U.S. Arctic policy.
Consistently inconsistent: the International Court of Justice and the former Yugoslavia (Croatia v. Serbia).
Continuing U.S. missile strikes on terrorism suspects in Pakistan.
D.C. Circuit finds political questions, dismisses Sudan pharmaceutical plant bombing suit.
Dean Acheson: A Life in the Cold War.
Book review
Department of Justice releases superseded memos on presidential authority regarding treaties, detentions, and other matters.
Enemy of the State: The Trial and Execution of Saddam Hussein.
Book review
ICJ rejects Mexico's request to interpret Avena but finds United States violated provisional measures order.
International Court of Justice - jurisdiction - provisional measures - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.
Military justice proceedings involving offenses against Iraqi and Afghan civilians.
President issues executive order banning torture and CIA prisons.
President Obama orders closure of Guantanamo detention facilities; obstacles remain.
Representation and power in international organization: the operational constitution and its critics.
Slavery - positive obligations - nonapplicability of the rule of exhaustion of domestic remedies.
Koraou v. Republic of Niger
Striking First: Preemption and Prevention in International Conflict.
Book review
Swiss Bank settles U.S. tax charges, mounting U.S. pressure on Swiss bank secrecy.
The Aesthetics of International Law.
Book review
The International Law Commission adopts draft articles on transboundary aquifers.
The Power and Purpose of International Law.
Book review
Third Circuit requires review in diplomatic assurances cases.
UN representative nominee describes U.S. interests and priorities at United Nations.
UN Security Council - counterterrorism sanctions - Al Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions Committee - freezing assets - judicial review of the UN Security Council's decisions - implementation of UN Security Council sanctions within the European Communities - fundamental human rights - right to property - right to effective judicial review - right to be heard.
United Nations Sanctions and the Rule of Law.
Book review
United States abandons detention based on designation as enemy combatant but maintains right to detain persons giving substantial support to terrorism.
United States agrees to ban imports of Chinese antiquities.
United States boycotts Durban Review Conference, will seek election to Human Rights Council.
United States protests Chinese interference with U.S. naval vessel, vows continued operations.
Validity of 'prerogative' colonial law - expulsion of indigenous population - Magna Carta - UN Charter Article 73 - justiciability - U.S. military base - UN Convention on the Law of the Sea - climate change.
WTO Appellate Body - dispute settlement understanding - Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement - termination of suspension of concessions - risk assessment - provisional safeguards.
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Super Moon 2012
By: erica_mckendreeSubscribe Channel: Weather Location: Endicott, NY
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Elementary School Resources
Middle School Resources
High School Resources
The intent of this year long focus on assessment is to help teachers, school leaders, and teacher educators expand their view about what assessment is and how the results of assessment can be used to guide instruction, improve programs, and monitor student progress. Assessment, as described in Assessment Standards for School Mathematics, serves as a framework for this focus.
Assessment gives teachers an opportunity to learn what students know and are able to do. For example, asking probing questions during classroom instruction; including constructed response questions on daily assignments, quizzes, and tests; and interviewing students outside of class can open a window into students' thinking about mathematical ideas, highlight the strategies that students use for solving different types of problems, and uncover students' misconceptions. Assessments can yield valuable information that teachers and other educators can use to make thoughtful decisions about instruction.
External assessments can provide information on the extent to which students meet state, regional, provincial, and national standards. However, these assessments are more than a tool to rank and sort schools and students. They can foster valuable insights into the alignment of assessment, curriculum, and instruction; raise issues regarding learning opportunities offered by instructional programs; and supply data that can be used to make informed decisions to guide program improvement.
The focus of the year gives educators the opportunity to learn about assessment so that they can develop equitable assessment instruments, help students maintain steady progress toward mastering the knowledge and skills presented in the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, and ensure increased mathematics learning by all students.
Learn Reflect Strands
The three 2005 Regional Conferences and Expositions, as well as the 2006 Annual Meeting and Exposition featured Professional Development Focus of the Year Learn Reflect Strands.
Prior to the LearnReflect Strand, participants were asked to reflect on the following questions:
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A new report [PDF] on gender-based violence (GBV) in Haiti "suggests that adolescent girls are disproportionately suffering social and violent aftershocks of the earthquake," including "unwanted and early pregnancies, illegal abortions, and child abandonment" which have increased, while "reports link cases to sexual violence and increased 'survival sex' in teenage girls."
The report, "BEYOND SHOCK - Charting the landscape of sexual violence in post-quake Haiti: Progress, Challenges & Emerging Trends 2010-2012," was released by the organizations Poto Fanm-Fi (Women and Girls Pillar) and Poto Fi, and is based on information from over 60 agencies, field providers and additional groups and "perspectives from international groups with Haiti initiatives." It includes findings from a field research survey of some 2000 pregnant adolescents and family members.
Whereas much media attention has focused on particular forms of GBV – most notably rape, and often rape committed by strangers (the vulnerability of women and girls in IDP camps has been frequently stressed as well) -- the report presents a broader picture of GBV, noting, for example, that "Overall, domestic violence cases make up 90% of all GBV reported cases since 2010, dwarfing rape‐only cases by a broad ratio of 3:1. This was similar to the ratio before 2010, and calls for greater national action to prevent domestic violence."
The report stresses the vulnerability of minors:
Adolescents and younger girls make up over 60% of reported rape cases since 2010 – the majority. As one Haitian advocates put it, "The adults get beaten; the younger ones get raped." Both victims and perpetrators have gotten younger, say advocates. Reports of incest have increased; a possible sign families are more confident reporting crimes against children.
Regarding rapes, the report finds that "Contrary to early media reports, data suggest the majority of rapes since 2010 were committed by persons known to the victims ‐‐neighbors and acquaintances‐‐ not escaped criminals."
The report also confirms a "boom" in pregnancies resulting from rapes and "survival sex" following the quake: "64% of 981 adolescents reported they got pregnant from rape." Perhaps not surprisingly, the report finds that many adolescents and girls do not receive treatment or services following attacks, or once they are pregnant, but the numbers are staggering:
In the coming weeks, Haiti, together with international partners, will call on donors to fund a $2.2 billion 10-year plan to upgrade the water, sanitation and health infrastructure in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. As Jonathan Watts of The Guardian reports, the plan "will be unveiled with the backing of foreign aid groups and the UN, which is accused of one of the greatest failures in the history of international intervention." That failure, of course, is the introduction of cholera to Haiti, which a number of scientific studies have linked to the sanitation facilities at a MINUSTAH base located on a tributary of the country's main water supply. The epidemic has thus far killed over 7,730 people in Haiti and sickened some 620,000 more, 6 percent of the entire population. While fatality levels are down from their peaks, over 125 people have died in just the last month. As the AP's Martha Mendoza and Trenton Daniel report, the plan – which is set to be released under the auspices of the Haitian and Dominican governments, the Pan American Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and UNICEF -- includes "building water supply systems, sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants, as well as improving access to latrines, especially in schools." It also aims to provide significant capacity building support to the Haitian government, to ensure proper oversight and maintenance of the new facilities. The plan aims to provide 85 percent of Haitians with improved drinking water and 90 percent with improved sanitation facilities by 2022. In 2008, just 17 percent of Haitians had access to adequate sanitation facilities and 63 percent to adequate drinking water. The goal, as Dr. Jordan Tappero of the CDC tells the AP, is "to eliminate transmission of cholera."Yet the $2.2 billion plan is almost completely un-funded, with just $5 million promised by the World Bank so far. Watts reports that, "The government will ask for more than $500m (£315m) for the next two years in a short-term emergency response to the epidemic. Another $1.5bn or so will be requested for the following eight years to eliminate the disease."
Hurricane Sandy dumped up to 20 inches of rain of parts of Haiti last month and, in addition to the immediate devastation on crops, people, roads and homes, it has led to an increase in the number of cholera cases throughout the country. On November 16, the International Organization for Migration confirmed that 3,593 new cholera cases had been counted since the hurricane. These numbers, however, lag far behind what the Haitian Ministry of Health (MSPP) has recorded since Sandy. There are now three weeks of data post hurricane, and as can be seen in Table 1, there have been over 9,000 new cases recorded by the MSPP.Table I.
As can be seen, the increase has been dramatic; both in terms of the number of cases recorded (a 46 percent increase) as well the number of deaths (an 85 percent increase). In fact, since the passage of Hurricane Sandy, the death rate has increased as well, from 0.7 percent to 1 percent. While still much lower than the death rate in the immediate aftermath of the outbreak of cholera, this is nevertheless a worrying sign. As Dr. Juan Carlos Gustavo Alonso of the Pan American Health Organization noted after Sandy, the west department, which includes most of the remaining 370,000 IDPs, has seen the greatest increase in cases. In fact, according to MSPP data, since Sandy, over 37 percent of all cases were in Port-au-Prince, which includes Carrefour, Cité Soleil, Delmas, Kenscoff, Petion Ville, Port-au-Prince, and Tabarre. Given the declining humanitarian services in the camps, and the fact that funding for cholera is now running out, the increase in the capital is especially worrisome. Additionally, Sandy crippled the cholera response infrastructure in the country, destroying 61 cholera treatment units.Since its introduction into Haiti by UN troops in October 2010, cholera has now killed at least 7,699 people and sickened over 615,000 more. Last year, Haiti recorded more cholera cases than the rest of the world combined. As has been pointed out previously, these are likely underestimates, as the MSPP cholera data is often lacking reports from many areas.In recent weeks, a number of op-eds and editorials have been written calling on the UN to take responsibility for the introduction of the disease. Last week CEPR Co-Director Mark Weisbrot wrote in The Guardian:
If Haiti were any other country in this hemisphere, a human-created disaster of this proportion would be a big international scandal and everyone would know about it. Not to mention the institution responsible for inflicting this damage – in this case, the UN – would be held accountable. At the very least, they would have to get rid of the epidemic.In this case, getting rid of the epidemic could be easily accomplished. Cholera is transmitted mainly through drinking water that is contaminated by the deadly bacteria. To get rid of it, you need to create an infrastructure where people have clean drinking water and adequate sanitation. The Pan American Health Organization estimates that this would cost about $1bn for Haiti. In fact, that is close to what the UN has been spending in just one year to keep its 10,000 troops in the country.…The UN is still denying its responsibility, despite studies published by the New England Journal of Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and even by the UN itself (pdf) tracking the origin of Haiti's cholera bacteria to UN soldiers. A study by a team of 15 scientists last year produced even more conclusive evidence, using whole genome sequence typing and two other methods that matched the cholera strain in Haiti to a sample from Nepal that was taken at the time that the Nepalese UN troops arrived in the country.In short, there is proof beyond reasonable doubt that the UN mission is responsible for bringing this disease to Haiti.
Adding their voices to the growing chorus calling for the UN to take responsibility was the Boston Globe editorial board and the Director of the International Human Rights Clinic at Western New England University School of Law, Lauren Carasik.
After decades of bypassing the Haitian government in the provision of aid, after the 2010 earthquake there was an acknowledgement by international NGOs and donors that this time had to be different. The sentiment was summed up well by Nigel Fisher, the deputy special representative for MINUSTAH in Haiti when he told The Nation:
Tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of people are here delivering aid, but they are doing functions that should be done by the Haitians…You cannot complain about failures of the Haitian state if you don't support it to grow stronger. For decades, we have not invested in that very much.
And yet, as HRRW and other have documented time and time again, just as in the past, the Haitian government, civil society and businesses were largely bypassed again. Less than one percent (PDF) of humanitarian aid went to the Haitian government or Haitian organizations in the 18 months after the earthquake. Just over one percent of the $450 million or so in USAID contracts have gone to Haitian firms. Furthermore, there have been consistent complaints from government officials that they are not consulted by international partners. Nevertheless, donors continue to tout the "Haitian-led" reconstruction effort. Another quote from Kathie Klarreich and Linda Polman's recent Nation article makes it clear this is nothing more than rhetoric:
A spokesman for one of the largest UN organizations in the country offered a stunningly blunt portrait of this dynamic. Asked whether the government of Haiti has ever told him what to spend donor money on, the spokesman, who insisted on remaining anonymous, said: "Never. They are not in the position, because they are financially dependent. Recently, there was a government press conference. There was nothing 'government' about it; we organized it and told them what to say." He chuckled, then added: "Very sad, really."As for the aid community's claim that it has been playing a supporting role and letting the Haitian government lead the reconstruction effort, he said, "It's a lie. It's tragic, but it's a lie."
A new human rights report reaffirms the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti's (MINUSTAH) responsibility for causing the cholera epidemic that has now killed over 7,600 and infected over 600,000. The Paris-based International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) "Call[s] on MINUSTAH to acknowledge its responsibility with respect to the outbreak of the cholera epidemic and establish a permanent claims commission," and "Request[s] the office of the UN Secretary-General to take measures to award individual or communal reparations, such as financial investment in water and sanitation infrastructure in Haiti." These recommendations echo the petition filed by the Bureau des Avocats Internationaux (BAI) and the Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti on behalf of over 5,000 cholera victims, the demands of an international grassroots campaign, editorials in the New York Times, the New York Daily News and other major newspapers, and op-eds such as this one in The Guardian yesterday by CEPR Co-Director Mark Weisbrot. The Boston Globe is the latest major paper to call for the U.N. to act with "a massive investment in clean water and sanitation infrastructure. Such an effort would not just wipe out cholera, but also a host of other water-borne illnesses. Rather than merely get Haiti back to where it was before the outbreak, this effort would push the country ahead."
The report, "Haiti: Human Security in Danger" was co-written and researched with the Haiti-based National Human Rights Defense Network and the Ecumenical Center for Human Rights and is one of the few such human rights reports on Haiti to be released in the years since the earthquake, despite the renewed international attention on Haiti that followed. In addition to a section on human rights abuses committed by MINUSTAH, including its culpability for the cholera epidemic, the report focuses on the conditions faced by IDPs, whom it describes as having been "Abandoned and left to fend for themselves," lacking adequate housing and sanitation, safe drinking water, and cholera treatment, and subject to forced eviction and the threat of forced eviction, rape and gender-based violence, and general insecurity. Conditions in Haiti's prisons are the focus of another section, in which the report notes that an estimated 70 percent of those in prison are in pre-trial detention (this percentage is 92 in the National Prison in Port-au-Prince) and where safe drinking water is also lacking, leading to at least 275 cholera deaths in the prisons since the outbreak began.
The report also examines Haiti's flawed justice system, and the Haitian National Police (HNP), which it finds lacking in size, competence, and accountability. Still, the report is the latest to recommend a transition from MINUSTAH to the HNP for the purpose of maintaining national security and cut down on crime, saying, "Haiti needs an effective criminal justice system (including sufficient and competent police personnel) to combat organized crime – not a military presence," but notes – as have previous reports such as this one from the International Crisis Group earlier this year – that plans to bolster and transform the HNP have fallen far behind stated goals, leading to a prolonged mandate for MINUSTAH.
The Wall Street Journal reported yesterday on Hurricane Sandy's ongoing toll on Haiti. Ingrid Arnesen writes:
Poor roads and communications have hindered damage assessments and relief efforts. Haitian government and international agencies say Sandy destroyed or damaged at least 21,000 houses, affected the livelihood of some 200,000 people, many of them subsistence farmers, and caused at least $104 million of damage.
The final toll is likely to be much higher once relief workers reach hard-hit areas cut off by flooded roads and rivers, relief organization officials say.…
The government said last week it would compensate victims by sending about $25 to victims' cellphones, and provide an additional $2 million in aid to the West Department, where Rivière Grise is, to help some 95,000 families with their losses.
Residents said the help hadn't yet arrived. "We've not gotten one cent nor seen any official here," Mr. Jean-Baptiste said.
AP reported Friday that Doctors Without Borders had noted an increase in cholera cases, with "at least 457 patients Monday," 500 Tuesday, but down to 430 on Friday. Partners in Health has warned that such an uptick would come as CDC funding for cholera runs out, and at IDP camps such as Marassa, the Guardian reminds readers that "Aid groups such as Oxfam have helped, but humanitarian support has ebbed in the past two years."As the Haitian government appeals for new international aid in the wake of Sandy, reporter Kathie Klarreich and foreign aid investigative expert Linda Polman have a well-timed new article in The Nation that provides an important overview on the lacking international response to the cholera epidemic, Haiti's housing crisis and the shortcomings of the relief and reconstruction effort since the 2010 earthquake:
Relief organizations and the Haitian government are still attempting to assess the extent of the damage that Hurricane Sandy left in its wake. The Haitian government belatedly declared a month-long state of emergency yesterday. The official death toll has been raised to 54, with 21 people still unaccounted for, as the AP reported today.
As with other recent storms to hit Haiti, Sandy's arrival in Haiti might well have been just the start of the latest disaster. Heavy rains – let alone storms – always bring an increase in cholera infections. But as the Boston Globe reports:
…money for cholera prevention is running low.
Funding from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is set to expire in February and will not be renewed, said Cate Oswald, [Partners in Health's] director of programs in Haiti.
The impact of the storm on Haiti's crops is also only now being assessed, and the news is worse than many had thought it would be: "More than 70% of crops - including bananas, plantains and maize - were destroyed in the south of the country, officials said," as the BBC reported. As we noted earlier, Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe warned Reuters that "Most of the agricultural crops that were left from Hurricane Isaac were destroyed during Sandy," "so food security will be an issue."
The New York Times, Miami Herald and The Guardian have all cited the Haitian government in reporting that 200,000 people had been left homeless – or at least had their homes damaged – by the storm. Newly homeless means more people thrown into a state of vulnerability: vulnerable to cholera and other illness and disease, vulnerable to rape and gender-based violence, vulnerable to hunger, and vulnerable to forced eviction when/if these people move into displaced persons settlements.
Organizations with proven track records of doing important work in Haiti have mobilized and are raising funds to provide relief, respond to the increased risk of new cholera infections, and other lingering impacts of the latest unnatural disaster to hit Haiti. These include Partners in Health; Doctors Without Borders; the Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti, which advocates on behalf of IDPs and victims of rape and gender-based violence; and the Under Tents campaign which fights for the right to housing in Haiti.
"The whole south is under water," Haitian Prime Minister Lamothe told the AP this weekend. Four days of rain that saw accumulations surpass 20 inches have left over 50 dead and 20 missing throughout Haiti as floods hit the South and West departments especially hard. According to the most recent update from the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), 52 are reported dead, with 20 and 18 in the West and South departments, respectively. OCHA notes that over 20,000 were evacuated and 90 camps damaged.With some 370,000 Haitians still living in camps with nothing but tattered tarps to protect themselves, the rains were especially damaging. Kristen and Wawa Chege of the Mennonite Central Committee describe the situation:
whole camps flooded as streams emerged between tents, shelters fell under the weight of sitting water, dirt floors turned to mud, and precious possessions were ruined. Efforts to raise mattresses off the ground using cinder blocks, and string clothes from wires inside their tent made little difference as the rain poured in through holes in the tent, or seeped in below the walls. As one man succinctly put it, "everything is wet".
AgricultureIn August, tropical storm Isaac inflicted massive damage to the agricultural sector in Haiti, resulting in an estimated $242 of damages. As food prices have risen, protests against the high cost of living and against the Martelly government have proliferated. The passing of hurricane Sandy will only exacerbate the problems. As Susan Ferreira reports for Reuters:
"Most of the agricultural crops that were left from Hurricane Isaac were destroyed during Sandy," he said, "so food security will be an issue."…A rise in food prices in Haiti triggered violent demonstrations and political instability in April 2008. Jean Debalio Jean-Jacques, the Ministry of Agriculture's director for the southern department, said he worried that the massive crop loss "could aggravate the situation.""The storm took everything away," said Jean-Jacques. "Everything the peasants had in reserve - corn, tubers - all of it was devastated. Some people had already prepared their fields for winter crops and those were devastated."In Abricots on Haiti's southwestern tip, the community was still recovering from the effects of 2010's Hurricane Tomas and a recent dry spell when Sandy hit."We'll have famine in the coming days," said Abricots Mayor Kechner Toussaint. "It's an agricultural disaster."
Ferreira adds that humanitarian workers are concerned because stocks of supplies have not been replenished since tropical storm Isaac.
As both Clintons and a coterie of celebrities and foreign investors flew into northern Haiti yesterday, some took the opportunity to praise Sae-A, the giant Korean garment manufacturer that opened a factory in the new Caracol industrial park. Hillary Clinton, for one, told reporters:
And I too want to thank Sae-A, because Sae-A took a decision that was something of a risk, never having worked in Haiti before, after a tremendous natural disaster that was so devastating. But they brought their expertise and they brought their commitment. And Chairman Kim, we thank you for everything that you and the leadership of Sae-A is doing.
But Sae-A's decision to set up shop in Caracol could hardly be described as risky, as almost the entire cost of the project was borne by other actors. The New York Times, in an in-depth July investigation into the new park, reported that the land was provided free of charge by the Haitian government, the physical infrastructure was provided by the Inter-American Development Bank for around $100 million, and the United States government chipped in $124 million for infrastructure, energy and housing services. The industrial park tenants are also granted significant tax-exemptions, and will only have to pay docking fees, which are estimated to be just $17,500 a year, hardly a boon to Haiti's coffers. Sae-A, which reported over $1.1 billion in export business last year, committed to spending just $39.2 million on the factory.
A press statement [PDF] released today, co-signed by CEPR and a number of other organizations, states:
On the second anniversary of the outbreak of the cholera epidemic in Haiti, human rights groups, faith-based organizations, policy institutes, and humanitarian organizations renew their call for the United Nations and U.S. government to help Haiti install the clean water and sanitation infrastructure necessary to control the ongoing epidemic.
The cholera epidemic in Haiti has received less U.S. attention during the presidential campaign season, but it remains a critical problem for this Caribbean neighbor that is not being adequately addressed and is undermining broader aid efforts. Last month, 260 new cholera cases were reported daily, and 2-3 children died a day. Since the epidemic broke out in October 2010, 7,564 Haitians have reportedly died from cholera and some 600,000 persons (6% of the Haitian population) have been infected. The number is undoubtedly much higher, as cases in more remote areas are often unreported. As the World Health Organization has stated, those without access to safe drinking water, proper sanitation, and hygiene constitute the majority of cholera cases.
Two years after the epidemic started, not enough action has been taken to assist the Government of Haiti in acquiring essential water and sanitation infrastructure. A regional coalition that includes the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the World Health Organization is developing a plan with the Government of Haiti to build water and sanitation systems that will cost $2.2 billion. Despite this encouraging progress, the plan still needs to be finalized and funded before implementation can begin.
The U.N. especially has a legal and moral responsibility to play a leadership role in helping end the epidemic. Independent scientific studies have established that cholera was brought to Haiti by troops from the U.N. Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) and that the waste disposal practices at the U.N. base allowed the bacteria to contaminate Haiti's largest river system. The undersigned groups call on the U.N. to commit long-term resources to work with the Government of Haiti to build water and sanitation systems that are critical to halting the continued spread of the disease.
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Holiday Science Festival
Submitted by Aspenskier on Wed, 12/18/2013 - 11:01
Lovers of scientific inquiry will enjoy today's Aspen Science Center Holiday Science Festival at the Aspen Middle School. The event, which runs from 4:30 - 7pm, includes ice cream, crafts to take home, interactive exhibits, experiments and games that are designed to entertain, instruct and inspire. For details, contact the Aspen Science Center at www.aspensciencecenter.org.


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WOH is better
Find a Conversation
|Sat, 08-23-2008 - 11:27am
Okay, I've gotten a bit irritated by the posts suggesting that the woh side is the majority, and the sah side is the minority. What I see on this board is a majority who believes that choices can be equally valid, a minority who sees sah as superior for all children (as long as you can afford it), and only one or two who believe that woh is superior for all children (as long as you can afford it). But I have been persuaded that minority viewpoints deserve a voice, even if I don't believe them. So I am going to support the woh is better minority with top ten reasons why everyone should woh.
1. I think children deserve to have two parents who model a strong work ethic. I do not believe it is healthy for children to believe that their choices in life include the possibility of someone else supporting them financially. I knew too many teenage girls who just assumed they would graduate from high school and get married, and put no thought or effort into academics or career. While a few thought that and still had ambition, there were more who didn't. In addition, I knew several women who refused to step in to help the family when money was tight because earning money was not their job. There is a certain entitlement that goes along with that. Therefore, I think it is too much of a risk for parents to set that kind of example.
2. I believe children deserve to have two income-producing parents. If something happens to one, the children are going to have to adjust and deal with it, too. The children should not have to additionally adjust to the other parent transitioning back to work, plus changing the whole family's standard of living. I believe that both parents should at all times be capable of making a seamless transition to being the sole breadwinner. And I don't think that can be done if one of them is out of the work force.
3. I believe anyone who has benefited from government-sponsored financial aid programs to get through college or graduate school has a social obligation to work and pay taxes until they reach retirement age. The economics of the program is based on the idea that the tax breaks they receive on student loans will be repaid several times over when they are part of the workforce. I think the number of women who sah and therefore do not contribute to the tax base as an individual are burdening the financial aid system. Claiming their husband's taxes is not sufficient, because he would have been contributing whether you had gotten an education or not. I think therefore the sahms who had financial aid or tax breaks on student loan repayment are a drain on the system.
4. I think children who are raised by sahp's are more likely to pick up their parents' bad habits. Having a few different caregivers gives a child an opportunity to see which behaviors are inappropriate in the eyes of most people. If a child has only one caregiver, then they can pick up those habits the one caregiver has because there is no other caregiver who is correcting the behavior. Example to illustrate what I am talking about: a friend who is a sahm did not realize what a control freak she was until she heard her children being control freaks to each other, and realized that what they were saying and doing was exactly what she said and did to them. The bossy behavior would have been corrected in day care or with another care provider, but instead it was reinforced by the sahm situation. by the time she realized it, she had an impossible time convincing them it was not okay, and the kids had a bit of difficulty adjusting to school.
5. I think all parents should balance the obligation to their family with an obligation to the society in which they participate. That means that I believe all adults should contribute in some way to the world outside their own home, and that volunteering a day or two a week is nice, but that alone is not sufficient to meet the obligation to society. We all benefit from other people's work--people who work on the roads, the people who build cars, the people who stock the grocery shelves. I think that we owe it to them to engage in some type of work that benefits them as well. While one may argue that raising their child well is enough of a contribution, I think that is the equivalent of saying that doing my own laundry is enough of a contribution. Raising your child well is just basic responsibility. Not to mention there is no guarantee that sah with them is going to mean you've raised them better than if you had woh.
6. I think it's unfair to the spouse when one sah. It leaves the entire financial burden on them. If their job becomes unbearable, they have no choice, the family will falter without it. It is more pressure on the wohp and it often means the wohp has to work longer--both on a daily basis, but also in a lifetime. If both spouses worked, they might both be able to retire at 59. With only one working, that one spouse may have to work until he is 65. I think it is selfish on the part of the sahp who spends his/her days on playdates, chatting with friends while their kids play on the playground, only to go home and whine about how much harder their job is because they have to do it 24/7.
7. I think any family that has more than one child (unless they are twins) are doing a disservice to their children to not give them a few hours a day when they are not together. The older children have to be patient with the younger ones instead of just being their age. The younger children grow up too fast because they are trying to do everything their older siblings are doing. I think day care, where kids are grouped by ages, is much more appropriate and gives all children a chance to just act their own age.
8. I think that sah when the kids are young and then going back to work when they are older can be the worst choice if you do not have a strong career before you quit to stay home. If your return to work puts you as the low man on the totem pole, then you will probably miss more of your kids' school events than you would have if you had worked your way through the ranks and made yourself invaluable to your bosses. And contrary to the popular thought that birth through school is the most impressionable time, I think that school age children need their parents time and attention outside of school hours, because those are the years when kids are likely to be influenced more by peers than by adults, and it's the parents who are most likely to be able to maintain the strongest influence IF they maintain a strong bond. returning to work when kids are older, having to miss things because you are the new guy, can make a kid feel they are no longer the first priority. If you are established in your career by the time the kids enter school, you can avoid having that badly time transition.
9. I don't actually believe that anyone sah because they think it's best for their family. I think people who want to sah do it, regardless of whether they can afford it, of whether their partners are in favor of it, of whether the kids would benefit from spending time in day care. I think that many sahms spend their days in ways that make them happy. they like to pretend it's work, but really, it's pushing a baby in a stroller through the mall, having lunch with friends with similarly aged kids, making craft projects and watching TV. I think the only reason they like to pretend it has anything to do with the kids is to make themselves feel better about the self-indulgent choices they make. I also know many, many sahms who don't actually have the patience to be home with the kids all day, but who are unwilling to admit that the kids may benefit from being in an environment where childcare workers get breaks and can get some relief, and to then come home to parents who are happy to see them. I know many sahps who took their kids for granted because they were with them every day, day in and day out, who talked to them with harsh tones of voice, and whose kids learned to feel like an annoyance. We all lose our patience sometimes, but for those who do it often, refusing to admit that the child many not actually be better off with a parent who is constantly frustrated with them than with a caregiver who chose that career because of their endless supply of patience, and who can get breaks seems to me to be based on the parent's own desire to avoid working.
10. I think the supposedly value-drive choice to sacrifice things so that mom can stay home is a selfish one. The whole family is sacrificing things, things like better educational opportunities, but only mom is getting the benefit of staying home. I do not actually perceive any benefit to mom staying home. In the long-term, the kids get fewer opportunities, educationally and career-wise, and have nothing to show for it. No greater self-esteem, no more intelligence, no more happiness. Just a lot more debt, in cases where people sacrificed college funds to stay home.
|Sat, 08-23-2008 - 3:15pm
|Sat, 08-23-2008 - 6:20pm
"If both spouses worked, they might both be able to retire at 59. With only one working, that one spouse may have to work until he is 65."
Seriously, who wants to retire at 59? And be retired for what, 25 years? Wouldn't it be better for both spouses to work until they are 70? Or 80? More taxes going into the govt, less coming out in SS.
"I don't actually believe that anyone sah because they think it's best for their family." Just, wow. Everyone I know who SAH does it for this reason.
"it's pushing a baby in a stroller through the mall, having lunch with friends with similarly aged kids, making craft projects and watching TV."
Or it's pushing a stroller 1 hour to day to get exercise. It's paying bills, cooking healthy, unprocessed, from-scratch (cheaper) meals. It's going to the park with friends because you can't afford lunch, and because kids are supposed to be outside and PLAY. It's scrubbing the toilet and sinks yourself. It's tackling potty training at 2 instead of 3. It's teaching numbers, letters, and reading.
You can give the minority a voice (even if you don't agree with it), but it doesn't mean it holds water!
|Sat, 08-23-2008 - 9:43pm
Seriously, who wants to retire at 59? And be retired for what, 25 years?
i agree.
|Sat, 08-23-2008 - 11:09pm
While I LOVE to work and am very passionate about what I do I just might want to retire when I am 59..that stil leaves me w/21 more years in teh work force. I started babysittign when I was 11...started workign "real" pt jobs as soon as it was legal (15 1/2 at the time) while continueing my babysitting gigs...except for a semester in college when I couldn't find a pt job that worked w/my schedule and was on campus (since I didn't have a car) and 3 maternity leaves..I have ALWAYS worked...that being said 43.5 years of working might jsut be enough for me!
|Sat, 08-23-2008 - 11:25pm
Me! I am 52, and I plan to retire from my current job in about 5 years, just about the same time my oldest goes off to college. (I was a late bloomer, my youngest won't start college until I'm 62).
Retiring for me just means freedom from employee status because all of our financial goals have been met. I could quit now, but there has been some grumblings about going private hs, so I will continue to work for a bit. I expect to consult, go to school, play golf, run for office...I just won't
|Sun, 08-24-2008 - 1:07am
Well I totally disagree with your points. Partially because we have a SAHD and me, working (WOHM). So many of your "points' don't hold up to our example. But I *guess* my two sons could see me working and want to marry a kick ass career woman? Or my DD might want to find a DH who supports her right to work outside the home? ;)
As for kids raised by SAHP picking up "bad habits" -- bull hooey. My mom was a SAHM. I wish I had more of her habits.
I think children who are raised by sahp's are more likely to pick up their parents' bad habits. Kids raised in stable, loving homes will be just fine. Work status isnt the primary consideration.
And I'm sorry you "
|Sun, 08-24-2008 - 9:26am
Wow! There are just so many things in your post that I think is a bunch of boloney. Where to start??
1. I am a sahm mom at the moment and I can assure you that my children do not think that I sit at home all day eating bon bons. They know that both parents have a strong work ethic. I may not be getting paid for the work I do at the moment but I do work. There are always things to be done at the house. THings that my dh doesn't have to worry about doing when he comes home from work. My dh and I have never looked at the income that is coming into the house as his money or my money. I think that is one of the misconceptions you have.
2. I can't speak for everyone as you have for all wohmp, but we have prepared for the event of one of our deaths. We have life insurence in place that will help take off some of the burden for the other financially. I think a family with two incomes would have a harder time adjusting to living on one income that the other way around. I think people get used to living on the income coming into the home and if that is two working parents taht is two incomes. If one suddenly dies that instantly adjusts to one. THat would be harder in my opinion to adjust to since most families make purchases based on both incomes. Ex. car payments, larger homes, credit card use, ect.
3. The requirment is to repay the student loans. If people choose to work after that is a personal choice.
4.So are you saying that inhome daycare is a bad choice? According to you children need several different care givers to combat bad habits given to them by their parents? It is just as easy to pick up bad habits from parents who work and bad habits of the daycare providers. My brother and his wife both woh. Thier kids have a whole list of bad habits. They have each had several different day care providers. And I would say that at least half of thier habits came from thier parents even thought they have been with others.


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text: Coupon Categories Restaurant Diner Central African Food East African Food North african food South african food Brazilian food Cuban Food Mongolian BBQ Filipino Food Thai Food Turkish food Vietnamese Food Austrian Food British Food English afternoon tea British cuisine Polish Food French food German Food Greek food Hungarian Food Italian Food Portuguese Food Russian Food Norwegian Food Swedish Food Finnish Food Danish Food Spanish Food Swiss Food Israeli food Arabic Food Belgian Food Dutch Food Irish Food Colombian food Uruguayan Food Chilean Food All you can eat Fast food Experience restaurants Fine dining Fish restaurant Organic food Vegetarian restaurants Breakfast Dessert Ice cream Drink Bar Persian food Korean food Lebanese food Malaysian Food West african food Argentina Food Jamaican Food Mexican Food American Food Australian food Indian restaurant Indonesian Food Japanese food Peruvian food Chinese restaurant Beauty Wellness Healthcare Leisure Services Shopping Travel Tickets Rate the page Rating: 5 of 5 (Number of votes 107) Groupon on your mobile iPhone | AndroidDetails Groupon Travel view Groupon Shop view Taste the best British cuisine with our couponsNow you don't need to spend a fortune when it comes to tasting some of the best food in the world! Thanks to Groupon coupons, visiting your favourite restaurants can be as cheap as it is pleasant. Get our coupons for British cuisine today and discover how you can enjoy a pleasant meal, tasting the great flavours of British food, while benefiting from great discounts of up to 70 per cent. Get our British cuisine coupons today and you can be sure you will be pleased with your meal out! Subscribe our newsletter and check all the great daily offers that we have for you, as good as this one. Enjoy the best of the British cuisine with our coupons today!Amazing British cuisine couponsGroupon knows how important it is to enjoy the best that life has to offer to you and this is why we now bring you this great opportunity to taste one of the best cuisines in the world with incredible discounts, thanks to our coupons for British cuisine. Book your table on you favourite restaurant of British cuisine with our coupons and delight yourself with a original Sheppard's pie or an always classic roast beef with mashed potatoes and peas. Don't waste these great offers and discover the great British cuisine with our coupons today! Selection of our partners Enjoy the advantages of your city with Groupon! Choose your city Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah and N. Emirates Subscribe! Share Groupon with your friends! Coupons in: Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah and N. Emirates Follow us on Twitter Follow us on RSS-Feed Follow us on Facebook


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Cellular Biochemistry
Protein Targeting
Lysosomal Protein Biosynthesis
We are characterizing the structural signals that
are responsible for moving enzymes normally stored intracellularly in
lysosomes into the extracellular environment, where they may serve physiological
functions not normally ascribed to lysosomal proteases.
Four proteins that potentially bind a lysosomal
protease precursor in multivesicular endosomes, an endosome which can
be induced to secrete its contents in specialized cells, are being characterized.
Principal Investigator: Ann Erickson
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
416 Mary Ellen Jones Building
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7269
Phone: 919-966-4694


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Editors' Top PicksSee All
Sony STR-DN1050
Marantz SR5009stars
The Marantz SR5009 looks and feels more upscale than the competition's receivers, and...
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The Marantz NR1403 is a slim, handsome AV receiver with excellent sound and plenty of...
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The Onkyo TX-NR636 offers a compelling mix of features and performance with "future proofing"...
Marantz has long had a reputation for "high-end" equipment, and this was cemented last year when it decided to drop budget receivers from its range. As a result of this, the SR5005 is now the company's entry-level model.
Marantz receivers have always been as much about the aesthetics of the product as it has been the sound. Marantz products seem to ooze sophistication, and its latest designs are quite desirable.
We were quite impressed by the looks of Pioneer's LX83 , but where that receiver was quite "masculine" the SR5005 is quite a bit softer. The edges are curved and constructed from moulded resin, while the front of the unit is brushed aluminium. Stare at its segmented fascia and two control knobs and it could start to look like Wall-E. Oh, that's just us? Best listen to it instead.
The learning remote control is fairly basic looking and, unfortunately, it isn't the easiest to use. For example, it's hard to tell which mode it's in most of the time and have to keep pressing the "Amp" button to get any function to work. While the remote is backlit, you need to press "Set" and "On" together to turn it on; something you'd only know how to do from reading the manual.
The Marantz SR5005 features a 7.1-channel amplifier with 100W of power per channel. The receiver will decode all of the latest sound formats, and it supports 3D equipment and the Audio Return Channel (ARC) built into new TVs.
The system features a USB port for connecting an iPod, iPhone or other MP3 player, and Marantz also offers an optional Bluetooth adapter for connecting wirelessly. If you want Apple's AirPlay or other networking features, you'll have to purchase either the NA7004 network player or trade up to the flagship SR7005 receiver.
Further connectivity includes four HDMI inputs, three components and five composite inputs on the video side. For audio you get six analog stereo, 7.1 analog in/out, three digital opticals and two digital coaxial. The amp also features an Audyssey MultEQ microphone.
We thought black-and-white GUIs died with the VCR (Credit: CBS Interactive )


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Farr Air Pollution Control launches a new, fully redesigned Web site
Farr Air Pollution Control (APC), a producer of industrial dust and fume collectors, has launched a fully redesigned Web site at www.farrapc.com. The new site provides viewers with easy-to-navigate paths to help guide and simplify dust collection decisions. The site contains comprehensive information on the Farr Gold Series of cartridge dust collectors, as well as HemiPleat filters and accessories for new and retrofit use on all types of collectors. The site's product areas include features and technical data, downloadable literature, customer installation photos, videos and more. Visitors to the site can also search by application and can browse Farr APC's extensive library of educational materials including technical articles, case studies, testimonials and industry alerts.


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The Carona trial was dark Monday. Frank's column will return Wednesday. In the meantime, you can see his drawing and let him take you on an audio tour of the courtroom at ocregister.com/columns/frank.
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Mount Savage, a 452-ton (burden) screw steamship, was built in 1853 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was renamed Memphis in 1857. Chartered by the Navy in September 1858, she served as USS Memphis during the Paraguay expedition of late 1858 and early 1859. The steamer was purchased by the Navy in May 1859 and renamed Mystic a few weeks later. In June and July 1860, while operating off Africa, she captured two slave ships.
During the first part of the Civil War Mystic served in the blockade of the Confederacy's Atlantic Coast. She assisted in the capture or destruction of four blockade runners off North Carolina in June-September 1862, among them the steamers Emma and Sunbeam. While in the process of taking the latter, on 28 September, she was damaged in collision with USS State of Georgia. Mystic was employed in the Chesapeake Bay region from late 1862 until the war's end. In May 1863 she supported the Army during an expedition up the York River and in September of that year seized a sailing vessel off Yorktown. USS Mystic was sold to private owners in June 1865. Renamed General Custer, she disappeared from merchant vessel registers in 1868.
This page features our the only view we have related to the steamship Mount Savage (1853-1868), which was USS Mystic in 1859-1865.
|If you want higher resolution reproductions than the digital images presented here, see: "How to Obtain Photographic Reproductions."
Click on the small photograph to prompt a larger view of the same image.
Photo #: NH 66993
Steamship Mount Savage (1853)
Watercolor by Erik Heyl, prepared for use in his book "Early American Steamers", Volume III.
This steamer was chartered by the Navy in 1858 for the Paraguay expedition, purchased in 1859 and served as USS Mystic until sold in June 1865. She was the civilian steamer General Custer in 1865-1868.
Courtesy of Erik Heyl.
U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph.
Online Image: 63KB; 740 x 430 pixels
Additional Image: The Mariners Museum, of Newport News,
Virginia, holts an artwork depicting USS Mystic off Fort
Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina, during the Civil War. This
image, relatively primitive in style, shows the ship from off
her port side with sails furled, smoke issuing from her funnel
and gun ports open. Mariners Museum photo number is QW-733.
|If you want higher resolution reproductions than the digital images presented here, see: "How to Obtain Photographic Reproductions."
Page made 9 November 2003


text: The Coolest Stuff at New York Maker Faire 2012 The event was dominated by 3D printers, laser cutters, and makerbots galore, but here are a few nonprinting gizmos you may have missed. By Kathryn Doyle Share 0 1 of 7 SPONSORED CONTENT Jaemi Hubo The Drexel Autonomous Systems Lab brought this three-year-old humanoid robot (everybody's favorite type of robot) to walk around, dance, and shake hands with the public. Back Next


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Wow Riven OP
Senior Member
= Matchmaking
Diamond V but was Challenger in Season 3
We will say he is either poo/ebay or is on a team that is Challenger.
I like his name though, DriveSmart. At least he cares about all of you soon-to-be and already drivers<3
Challenger in 3v3.
VP of Game Design
Jean Never Wins
its k the golds will pull them down
Junior Member
He was challenger in 3's. He is only a Diamond Player in Solo Que.
Nexus only shows highest earned rating and doesn't represent solo que.
That aside... your team comp... is probably why you will lose. Not the players you're up against. Kayle jungle... hahahahaahahaha
A Bad Varus
I like how the enemy team had a dude that went jungle kayle. Even has a rune page called Junguh kayle. What a Boss
why are you using ad tanky runes when nami scales much better with ap now?
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text:
What's Not in Your Genes
Nature via Nurture: Genes, Experience, and What Makes Us Human
If, by magic, I could make a single interminable debate disappear, I'd probably pick "nature versus nurture." The argument over the relative roles of genes and environment in human nature has been ceaselessly politicized, shows little sign of resolution, and has, in general, grown tiresome. This is perhaps most obvious in the bloodiest battle of the nature–nurture war, the debate over IQ: How much of the variation that we see in intelligence (at least as measured by standardized tests) is due to heredity and not upbringing? From Francis Galton's Hereditary Genius (1869) through Stephen Jay Gould's The Mismeasure of Man (1981) to Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's The Bell Curve (1994), the battle has raged one way and the other, with no clear victor emerging.
It's good to learn, I suppose, that I'm not the only one who finds the argument annoyingly long-lived. The dust jacket of Matt Ridley's new book, Nature via Nurture, features statements from a number of scientists and science writers admitting that they had thought it impossible to produce an interesting new book on the subject. In such a climate, if you're going to attempt yet another work on nature– nurture, you'd better have something truly new, something really big, to say. Matt Ridley does.
Ridley, a science journalist whose previous books include The Red Queen (1993) and the best-selling Genome (1999), has produced a volume that ranges over a vast number of topics, from the genetics of mental illness to the mystery of free will. But at its core are Ridley's ideas on how to break free of the conflict between nature and nurture. His way out is vaguely Wittgensteinian. We have, he suggests, been asking a meaningless question, making a meaningless distinction. For the question of nature versus nurture makes sense only if the two can be clearly separated. Ridley thinks they cannot. His reason is simple. Despite all the talk about the opposition between genes and environment, it is now clear that learning, intelligence, behavior, and culture—all the ingredients of nurture—involve genes.
At first it might seem that Ridley is making the banal claim that there's no learning without brains and no brains without genes. All culture is therefore genetic but in the trivial sense that gray matter requires genetic matter. Though Ridley does slip into such platitudes now and then ("you need nature to be able to absorb nurture"), his real point is bigger and more sophisticated. It is this: study of the human genome has revealed that genes respond to experience.
Ridley's claim depends on several facts from genetics. All of your cells, with rare exceptions, contain the same genes. These genes are made of DNA. It is this DNA, of course, that gets passed from one generation to the next, making children resemble their parents. But DNA's main job is to make proteins: each of your genes directs the construction of one kind of protein. One of your genes, for instance, makes the protein insulin. You are, roughly speaking, made up of proteins and the products of proteins. If you are dark-skinned, it's not because your DNA is dark, but because your DNA directed the construction of a protein that looks dark. The fact that some people are albinos means that their DNA is slightly different from your DNA and so directed the construction of a somewhat different protein.
Now you might sense an apparent problem here. If all your cells carry the same genes, why does your pancreas look different from your skin? The reason is that not all of your genes are "expressed"—that is, not all of them are actively making proteins—in all of your cells. Instead, one subset of genes is expressed in your pancreas and another subset is expressed in your skin. The gene that makes insulin, for example, does so only in your pancreas; it is "off" in your skin. This has been understood for a long time. Ridley is excited about a related, but more recent, finding. Some genes, it turns out, are not permanently on or off but can get switched on or off by experience. Genes in your brain cells, for instance, do not just sit there, doing the same thing day in and day out. Instead, some of them can switch on and off in response to what happens outside you. The proteins in your brain thus change somewhat depending on your experiences.
Vision provides a good example of this interplay between experience and genes. In many mammals the development of normal vision requires exposure to light during a critical period following birth. Mice reared in darkness during this period are blind when they become adults. As Ridley explains, there is now good evidence that exposure to light switches on a key gene called BDNF (for brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the visual cortex of the mouse brain and, presumably, the human brain as well. (Closing a mouse's eye causes a decrease in the expression of BDNF in the brain.) So development of the brain circuitry needed to see involves experience but, curiously, this experience acts through the genes. As Ridley concludes:
Genes are not puppet masters or blueprints. Nor are they just the carriers of heredity. They are active during life; they switch each other on and off; they respond to the environment. They may direct the construction of the body and brain in the womb, but then they set about dismantling and rebuilding what they have made almost at once—in response to experience.
Ridley's chief claim is that the "startling new truth that has emerged from the human genome…has profound implications for the nature–nurture debate." Indeed, it "is about to recast the debate entirely. No longer is it nature versus nurture, but nature via nurture." The attempt to cleave into two distinct parts the fluid interaction of gene, brain, and experience is fundamentally misguided. We are one big interaction. At times Ridley sounds like a latter-day Augustine wrestling with the mystery of the Incarnation. Human nature does not result from genes alone or from experience alone. Nor is it even partly genetic and partly environmental. Instead human nature is wholly genetic and wholly environmental.
Ridley thinks the consequences of this new view are enormous. By recasting a century of confused talk about nature and nurture, the study of the genome will likely revolutionize our understanding of "what makes us human." We will be forced "to abandon cherished notions" and biologists may even be obliged to redefine the gene. At one point Ridley even goes so far as to announce that he hopes to throw the whole notion of causation into confusion.
For all his revolutionary rhetoric, Ridley sees himself as a calming influence, a mediator between the historical extremes of nativism and empiricism. And so he is. His approach is refreshingly free of the dogmatism and hubris that often characterize scientific pronouncements on human nature. Although he is, for example, fond of evolutionary psychology—indeed one of his previous books praised sociobiological theories of the origin of morality1—he seems to appreciate that its public champions have sometimes gone too far. Similarly, while he is eager to play up the role of culture he thinks empiricists must overcome their dread of DNA:
Somehow the adherents of the "nurture" side of the argument have scared themselves silly at the power and inevitability of genes and missed the greatest lesson of all: the genes are on their side.
Nature via Nurture has many strengths. For one, the book is packed with fascinating facts about biology. Ridley's descriptions of how genes act in brains are a tour de force and are astonishingly free of oversimplification. Ridley also manages to tell us a good deal about the lives of scientists. (I, for one, did not know that a sex scandal brought down the behaviorist J.B. Watson's academic career.) But most important Ridley preaches several sermons that are worth hearing. If, when you think of genes, you think of molecular martinets who bark orders but take none, you have the wrong idea. Genes do turn on and off in response to experience. Ridley also works hard to dispel the myth that environmental effects are reversible while genetic ones are not. In many cases the opposite is true (think of Chinese foot-binding as opposed to genes causing myopia).
Ridley guides us through all of this in prose that is generally both clear and entertaining. Now and then, though, the entertainment takes over and Ridley's writing slips into silliness. Though his books are usually free of the cloying literary devices that often plague pop science—chief among them the too-cute metaphor that obscures more than clarifies—Nature via Nurture is an exception. Thus we get treated to Ridley's pet name for the evolutionary force that he thinks shapes the contents of our genes: the Genome Organizing Device, or GOD. While several recent science popularizers have been accused of deifying natural selection, Ridley is, to my knowledge, the first to do so literally. Worse, this GOD barely reappears after His early debut and the reasons for His creation remain unclear.
Ridley's discussion of weightier matters is also sometimes superficial. At two places in Nature via Nurture, for example, he tries to explain G.E. Moore's naturalistic fallacy. In his first attempt he notes, "To base any moral position on a natural fact, whether that fact is derived from nature or from nurture, is asking for trouble," which seems less than helpful. (It would be nice to know why it's asking for trouble.) In his second try, we learn that an argument is bad because it "would be to commit the naturalistic fallacy…which the GOD forbid." It's hard to know what this could mean.
But on the whole Nature via Nurture is an enjoyable book and it would be churlish to make too much of such slips. Ultimately, however, Ridley's book must be judged on its scientific, not literary, merits. And here matters are more mixed.
The problem is certainly not that Ridley is naive about molecules. His molecular tales are invariably informative and I would, without hesitation, recommend his book as a clear introduction to how genes work. The problem is that the facts Ridley surveys do not always have the larger implications he thinks they do. This problem appears at least twice before Ridley gets to the question of nature and nurture.
First, Ridley argues that not only do genes turn on and off but that this is why species differ. Human beings and chimps, for instance, do not differ because of old-fashioned changes in the genes themselves but, he says, because of changes in when and where the same genes get switched on and off in the two species. But Ridley's leap from molecular fact to evolutionary implication is premature. Indeed he seems not to realize that he has stepped into a large evolutionary debate between those who suspect species differ in the genes themselves and those who suspect they differ in the "expression pattern" of the same genes. While Ridley's guess might well turn out to be right, the only fair assessment of our current situation is that we don't know.
The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation (Viking, 1996).↩
The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation (Viking, 1996).↩