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This bilingual blog - 'आन्याची फाटकी पासोडी' in Marathi- is largely a celebration of visual and/or comic ...तुकाराम: "ढेकणासी बाज गड,उतरचढ केवढी" (Tukaram: For a bedbug a bed is like a castle. so much climbing up and down!)... George Santayana: " Everything in nature is lyrical in its ideal essence, tragic in its fate, and comic in its existence"...William Hazlitt: "Pictures are scattered like stray gifts through the world; and while they remain, earth has yet a little gilding."
G C Lichtenberg: "It is as if our languages were confounded: when we want a thought, they bring us a word; when we ask for a word, they give us a dash; and when we expect a dash, there comes a piece of bawdy."
W H Auden: "But in my arms till break of day / Let the living creature lie. / Mortal, guilty, but to me/ The entirely beautiful."
Will Self: "To attempt to write seriously is always, I feel, to fail – the disjunction between my beautifully sonorous, accurate and painfully affecting mental content, and the leaden, halting sentences on the page always seems a dreadful falling short. It is this failure – a ceaseless threnody keening through the writing mind – that dominates my working life, just as an overweening sense of not having loved with enough depth or recklessness or tenderness dominates my personal one."
John Gray: "Unlike Schopenhauer, who lamented the human lot, Leopardi believed that the best response to life is laughter. What fascinated Schopenhauer, along with many later writers, was Leopardi's insistence that illusion is necessary to human happiness."
Art Spiegelman: "You know words in a way are hitting you on the left side of your brain, music and visual arts hit on the right side of the brain, so the idea is to pummel you, to send you from left brain to right brain and back until you're as unbalanced as I am."
विलास सारंग: "संदर्भ कुठलेही असोत, संस्कृत, इंग्रजी, बुद्धिवादी, तांत्रिक, इतिहासाचे, खगोलशास्त्राचे, आधुनिक पदार्थविज्ञानाचे, शिवकालीन व पेशवाईतील बखरीचे, अगणित ज्ञानक्षेत्रांचे, अशा वैविध्यपूर्ण ज्ञानावर लेखन- विशेषत: कवितालेखन- उभं राहत."
Monday, July 18, 2011
मुंबई नगरी बडी बांका, जशी रावणाची दुसरी लंका
"Mumbai returned quickly to a strange sense of normality on Thursday, less than 12 hours after triple blasts hit the city late Wednesday, leaving dozens dead and many more injured.
Heavy monsoonal rain overnight and all day Thursday posed the only practical impediment to residents.
At a live press conference in Mumbai early Thursday, Indian Home Minister P. Chidambaram said Mumbai and Mumbaikars "responded splendidly" in evacuating the injured and assisting police.
"Children are going to school, people are going back to work … this is the resolute response that one expects from Mumbai."
"Mumbai has always lived up to that high expectation," the minister added. "
Indian Rebellion of 1857 which happened from May 10 1857 to June 20 1858 was one of the most important events of world history that year.
Almost as much as India's independence in year 1947.
A scene from that:
The British retaliated with horrific violence against the native population. (Charles Ball, `History of the Indian Mutiny', Vol. 1.)
Irfan Habib :
"Therefore, when our statesmen (as our Prime Minister did, the other day, at Oxford) speak of the good things that happened under British rule, like the establishment of the Indian Civil Service, they should think sometimes of 1857, not only of the rebels but also of the ordinary citizens - men, women and children - who were shot or hacked to death or killed by various means, under the aegis of our great praiseworthy benefactors."
"While the death toll is often debated by historians with figures ranging between one hundred thousand and one million, it is usually agreed that several hundred thousands were killed (in Indian Rebellion of 1857)." (Wikipedia)
0.05% to 0.50% of estimated Indian population of 200 million died. It easily is the second most violent chapter in the history of modern India, next only to her partition. Far ahead of any of her wars or terrorist attacks on her.
How was Mumbai impacted by this in 19th century?
"१८५७ सालच्या बंडाची धामधूम जेव्हा चालली होती तेव्हा मुंबईतला व्यापार आणि तिथले व्यवहार पुष्कळसे नेहमीसारखेच चालू होते. "
(गंगाधर गाडगीळ, 'प्रारंभ', 2002).
["When rebellion of year 1857 had caused tumult then trading and other activities in Mumbai were going on almost normally."
(Gangadhar Gadgil, 'Prarambh')]
Gadgil's book- part history, part fiction- on 19th century Mumbai is very good but not great. (To start with it lacks index.) The book is also a slap in the face of those people who say that Marathi speaking population of Mumbai has not contributed significantly towards making the city financial capital of India.
When I read it, I realise the kind of problems the ordinary people of Mumbai have faced since the city's founding.
And who were (and are) those people?
People of multiple races, religions, languages, castes, skin colours, nationalities, class.
Of course, they were fortunate to get leaders like Jaganath Shunkerseth (जगन्नाथ शंकरशेट) and Balshastri Jambhekar (बाळशास्त्री जांभेकर)- both visionary giants who happen to be very liberal and Marathi speaking- in 19th century.
(There was a Hindu-Muslim flare-up in Bhiwandi, Thane in c 1830's.
Mr. Shunkerseth, a devout Hindu, gave exemplary leardership to help quell it. As long as Mr. Shunkerseth was on the Governor'c Council, Muslims never asked for their own representative to be included in it.
Gandhiji and others would play such roles in 20th century.)
They have helped make the city what it is today, described aptly by inimitable poet Paththe Bapurao (पठ्ठे बापूराव):
"Mumbai Nagari badi banka, jashee Ravanachee dusari Lanka" (मुंबई नगरी बडी बांका, जशी रावणाची दुसरी लंका)
The Times of India, July 15 2011:
"A rough estimate shows that diamonds worth Rs. 25 crore flew into the air at the time of the blast."
Bombay Stock Exchange c 1864


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Penguicon, Here I Come!
Tomorrow (Friday) starts my annual trek down state to the Detroit area for Penguicon! It's possible the combination of Linux and Science Fiction wouldn't appeal to most people, but it absolutely appeals to me. I think perhaps adding a vintage video game track and calling it "Super Penguicon" would make it the trifecta of awesome. The conference chairs probably realize that would be too awesome, however, and the participants would be blinded by sheer awesomeness.
But I digress. :)
Anyway, this year I'll be there with fellow Linux Journalians Bill Childers and Kyle Rankin. There will be tons of geekishly famous people in attendance, tons of fun stuff to do, and enough strangeness to make the weirdest among us feel right at home. If you're going to be there and really want to see and hear me present, click HERE to see my scheduled appearances. Or look for me in the hallway and say hello!
Since this conference is in my home state, I'll be driving the 5-6 hours myself. Perhaps there will be a truckcam or so. Either way, this weekend should be a blast. Hope to see you there!
Shawn Powers is an Associate Editor for Linux Journal. You might find him chatting on the IRC channel, or Twitter
Shawn, are your slides available somewhere? I have a friend who's trying to work with the Ohio Department of Education, and I want to send him back in time to see your talk. Failing that, your slides are a start. Thanks!
I went to the one two years ago. It was great, had tons of Linux workshops.
This year, I checked out the lineup of events, and my god was if horrifying. There seems to be nothing going on but a bunch of weirdo's talking about their sexual habits. I could only see a couple of Linux workshops.
Also, nothing is quite as horrible as seeing a 50 year old heavy set man walking around in his spandex captain kirk outfit at the 08 penguicon.
Whoohoo! I'm getting ready to head out here any minute to start my trek to Detroit. Looking forward to some nerdly hijinks. :)
Bill Childers is the Virtual Editor for Linux Journal. No one really knows what that means.
I am SO JEALOUS!!!!!!
I am SO JEALOUS!!!!!! :)
*sigh* at least I had DrupalCon.
Katherine Druckman is webmistress at LinuxJournal.com. You might find her on Twitter or at the Southwest Drupal Summit
You shoud use....
...your awesome geek clout and persuade the chairs to invite Wil Wheaton. Once he confirms, THEN add the vintage video games and call it UltraPenguicon :)
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Thank you to our 2014 Editorial Advisors!
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
When Lawn Griffiths continued his 26 years of perfect attendance at the Kiwanis Club of Tempe's weekly meetings at noon on Thursday, there's no doubt that he and likely a number of his fellow Kiwanians put a "Happy Dollar" in the hat as it was passed around.
A Happy Dollar is something Kiwanians gladly donate during the meeting for an accomplishment, a job well done or just a happy occasion — and Lawn definitely celebrated one this week.
His project was one for "The Club of Clubs" that needed to get done and it should come as no surprise that Lawn — sometimes referred to as "Mr. Tempe" himself — was the man for the job.
During the last three years, he compiled and wrote a history about the Kiwanis Club of Tempe, that very recently was released in a book loaded with facts and photographs of the long-storied community service club that has a history going back to the early 1930s before it was formally chartered in 1952.
The title of the book is "The Club of Clubs: The 60-year History of the Kiwanis Club of Tempe."
But, if you're a member of the club or even a local history buff, you might want to move quick to purchase the book published by Agreka History Preserved for the reasonable price of $20. With some help from the club, Lawn shouldered most of the book's $3,000-plus expense of having 100 books published by simply putting it on his credit card.
After Thursday, there were 75 copies of the book left.
The Kiwanis Club of Tempe is the sixth oldest Kiwanis Club in Maricopa County, a community service club consisting of numerous city leaders and businessmen who raise money for many things we may not realize they do: fireworks at the annual 4th of July celebration at Tempe Town Lake, scholarships for Tempe students and funds to help pay for swimming lessons at the Tempe YMCA for underprivileged children, and Impact Education. The club also will host a Thanksgiving dinner for the Girls and Boys Clubs of Tempe.
"I think it (the book) showcases what the Kiwanis Club of Tempe is all about," said Griffiths, 66, a four-time Kiwanian of the Year who has edited the club's weekly award-winning newsletter, the KCOT Bulletin for 22 years.
Griffiths, a member of the Tempe Kiwanis Club since 1986, is a former journalist with the East Valley Tribune whose 25-year stint here included being city editor of the former Tempe Daily News, daily columnist of the "Town Crier" column and later religion editor and writer.
I first saw the good news about Griffiths' accomplishment on my Facebook page on Wednesday morning when he posted that he was "relieved and happy" to get the book out. He unveiled it Thursday at the club's weekly meeting at noon at the Shalimar Country Club Restaurant, 2032 E. Golf Ave.
When I called Griffiths on Wednesday morning about scheduling an interview with him to talk about the book, he was quick to bring a copy of the book into the Tribune office minutes later and discuss the project. Lawn credits the inspiration of writing it to longtime attorney Richard Neuheisel, also a longtime member of the club who encouraged Lawn to write such a book.
And, if it wasn't for Griffiths' persistence and dedication in what could've been a crushing blow of defeat a little more than two years ago — he easily could've given up and discarded the project.
In 2010, the computer he was writing the book on crashed — the information was not backed up, saved on a disk or even printed — and 35,000 words were lost. He just started all over.
"When I was researching the history of the club, I came to appreciate what a true service member is, realizing the dedication of a lot of its members and seeing the many city leaders who have been members of the club," Griffiths said.
Members of the Kiwanis Club of Tempe still include Jim Harelson, 90, who is the club's remaining charter member, and Ralph Packer and Ralph Lingerfelt, both members since 1961.
Lance Gray, director of the Tempe YMCA, is the current president of the club, which has about 65 members, including four city council members and Mayor Mark Mitchell, who follows six former Tempe mayors who were members of the club along with school officials and member Alfred Thomas Jr., who was elected Kiwanis Governor of the Southwest District. Membership peaked at 115 in the early 1980s, according to Griffiths.
Griffiths hopes the best is yet to come for the book — and the club.
"I hope members and Tempe city leaders get the book," Griffiths said. "The book helps to show what an impact the Kiwanis Club of Tempe has had on the city and the quality of people in its members."
Contact writer: (480) 898-6533 or email@example.com


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We are listening to you and learning from you…that is, if you (our Young Preachers) will respond to the National Festival assessment that was emailed to you last week.
The Academy of Preachers has contracted with professionals at the University of Wisconsin to design and distribute a survey that has been shared with all Young Preachers who participated in the 2012 National Festival. We need each of you to take five minutes and complete the online assessment. The feedback we receive is critical to our success. We want to know what you truly think about the Festival. What difference does it make if Young Preachers gather to preach, listen, coach, and inspire one another?
What we learn is important to us as well as the partners and donors who support and share in our work. We believe Campus, Regional, and National Festivals are important. We believe our mission to Identify, Network, Support, and Inspire young people in their call to Gospel Preaching is critical to the future of both the Christian community and the social life of Americans.
But what do YOU think?
This assessment is completely private: we do not know who responds how and cannot connect responses with respondants, so be as frank and honest as you can be. We want the truth and we can handle the truth!


text: New stories Upcoming Incoming 30° 2014 HSR Game of the Year Awards: Day Two 33m ago - The 2014 High Score Reviews Game of the Year Awards are up and running, and we're doing things a... | PC Comments (0) LittleBlondeTom Source 40° Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn adds new rank 9 veteran rewards 1h ago - Square Enix has added a new ninth rank to Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn veteran rewards. Play... | PC Comments (0) Hipp0 Source 40° Microsoft (Xbox) digital gift cards available just in time for the holidays 1h ago - Zac, Staff Writer at XBLA Fans, writes, "If you have a gamer on you list that you need to still g... | Xbox 360 Comments (0) INFECTED503 Source 40° What's different with Tearaway Unfolded on PS4 compared to Vita? 1h ago - Tearaway Unfolded is the first PS4 project by LittleBigPlanet creator Media Molecule, and while i... | PS4 Comments (0) CallOfDutyFan Source Ad Are you bored? Now - Watch 10 seconds videos about games and game culture at COUB Gaming... | Promoted post Read More SiteBot 40° Taking A Look At - Evolve Stalker Trailer 1h ago - Clipping Error takes a look at the new Evolve trailer, featuring the Stalker. He explians what ce... | PC Comments (0) Jimboms Source


text:
Louvre Bailleul 1 Apartment Paris
Official Contact Details - Louvre Bailleul 1Phone: +41 22 346 44 79
Splendid luxury apartment located 100 meters from the Louvre Museum! Refined and stylish decoration. Come and taste the French touch...
- Price from 250 EUR / Day
- Capacity up to 6 people
- 2 bedrooms & 1 bathroom
(click on a photo to view it)
Last updated: 10/17/2008
This is your property ?
Luxury apartment located close to the Louvre Museum, next to the Pont Neuf and the Seine river, near the Saint Germain district. Wonderfully situated, you have at your disposal all the comfort needed. At the 5th floor, this 65 sqmt apartment has 2 bedrooms, high ceilings and an original "Versailles" wooden floor. Its marble chimney, located in the living room gives a warm atmosphere, which is very pleasant, especially in autumn and winter. The large double glazed windows exposed north and south shows a small and quiet street, and a courtyard. The apartment can welcome 6 persons because of the queensize bed of one bedroom, the two sinlgle beds in the other bedroom and a double sofa-bed in the living room, which is perfect for a family with children. The 2 bedrooms have an access to the bathroom, wich contained a bathtub and a shower. Therefore, the apartment is fully equiped in order to give you an optimal comfort.
Prices & deals
- Lowest Daily Price:
- Highest Daily Price:
- Lowest Weekly Price:
- Highest Weekly Price:
- Cleaning fee:
- Charging Method:
- Payment Types:
- Cash
- Credit Card
- Cheque
- Travellers cheque
- Paypal
- Wire Transfer
Location & area
Close to the Louvre Museum, in the heart of Paris.
- Address:
- 10 Rue Bailleul, 75001, Paris, France
- Accommodation located in:
- city, downtown, louvre museum, near cultural interest, near historical interest, near shopping area, town!
Amenities & services
All equipped apartment
# of Units: 1... and each unit includes:
- Bedrooms: 2
- Bathrooms: 1
- Single beds: 2
- Double beds: 1
- Baby cots: 0
- Single sofa beds: 0
- Double sofa beds: 1
- Bath:
- Hair Drier:
- Shower:
- Towels:
- Washing Machine:
- Work Desk:
- Bed Sheets:
- Bikes:
- Cable/Satelite TV:
- Internet Broadband:
- Internet Dial Up:
- Ironing Board:
- Stereo/Radio System:
- Library:
- Telephone:
- DVD Player:
- Fax:
- Butler Service:
- House Chef:
- Local Guides:
- Local Transportation:
- 24h Concierge:
- Tours & Excursions:
- Fridge & Freezer:
- Crockery & Utensils:
- Dish Washer:
- Microwave:
- Oven:
- American Kitchen:
Living room
- Fireplace:
- Sofa Bed:
- Table & Chairs:
- Private Beach:
- Barbecue:
- Sauna:
- Garden:
- Shared Bathroom:
- Spa / Jacuzzi:
- Swimming Pool:
- Lift / Elevator:
- Disabled Facilities:
- Tennis Court:
- Terrace:
- Parking:
- Pets Welcome:
- Safe:
- Sea View:
- Central Heating:
- City View:
- Daily Cleaning:
- Air Conditioning:
- DVD/Music Collection:
- Ensuite Bathroom:
- Balcony:
Review - Louvre Bailleul 1
Louvre Bailleul 1 - Contact the owner
Important Notice : Avoiding Fraud
It's rare, but some helpful hints to watch out for with regards to fraud:
- It is important to NEVER wire funds or use/employ other fund transfer mechanisms such as western union: Always use a credit card to protect yourself against fraud. If owners pressure you into providing a deposit or refuse to accept credit cards, there is a high probability that this is a scam.
- If at all suspicious of fraud, ask to see their website, or any other literature they can provide or send to you. Ask them for contact details for guests who have previously stayed on their property insisting on telephone numbers. Be suspicious of emails that originate from free email services (yahoo, hotmail, gmail, etc)
- Research the property thoroughly on the internet to see if there is any history or mention of scams associated with the property.


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NSA Allegedly Ran Spoofs To Disguise Itself As Google To Spy On People
The train carrying a vast amount of NSA confidential information continues to trek along today, with a revelation that the government agency conducted man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks involving a couple of the Web's largest companies. Falling under the guise of "FLYING PIG", one of the main traffic sources to intercept was Google, and the simple drawing below explains how such an attack was structured.
Due to the quality of the original image, I re-created it above, and hopefully it gets the point across. From the time the server requests were made from a router, the NSA effectively intercepted the request before Google could reply, and with faked security certificates, acted as a proxy to gather whatever data that it could. It's being noted that SSL traffic (encrypted) was being specifically targeted.
This highlights a reality discovered not too long after the initial NSA leaks occurred that stated if you encrypt your online traffic - yes, even you - the government is watching. That's a definitive statement, not one with lenience. Of course, even if the government has your encrypted data, it doesn't mean that it will actually decipher it - or try to - unless it actually has reason to (those supercomputer cycles could be better used elsewhere).
This is some seriously scary stuff, and this MITM attack is only the latest thing to be tossed onto an ever-growing pile. When Edward Snowden came forth with the initial NSA leaks, I hadn't anticipated this level of disclosure, or this many separate things being revealed. I am not sure anyone did.
Image is super blurry, cant read any of the text.
Still I think we are at a point now where we go "I guess they already have cameras in everyone's bathrooms also" and not really care.
Most people don't understand the internet or computers or anything about technology and the NSA completely relies on that. I'm willing to bet 90% of internet users just go "I dont care/I dont know what that means" at this point.
I mean if any normal individual did anything the NSA did they would be in jail and banned from touching a computer for life. I don't even live in America but it's very unsettling that they effectively spied on anyone in the world and nothing is being done on it.
The original image is of a horrible quality, but it seemed to be worsened even further when I resized it. I re-created the image so that it's actually readable.
"I'm willing to bet 90% of internet users just go "I dont care/I dont know what that means" at this point."
I believe you to be right, and it's genuinely depressing. And like you, I don't live in the US, but it worries me just the same.
RWilliams, you may not live in the US, but you know that a lot of traffic is routed through the States, right?
I've yet to get the Pintrist like to post anything, the image is always to small...
But anyways thanks for the NSA bad news, its stacking up. It truly shows that a lot of the overseers didn't know what was going on, lie to or just plain ignorant...


text: DIGITAL TREASURES : Search Results home : browse : advanced search : preferences : my favorites : about : help Search results for Hopkinton's Refine your search Dateca 1880 (10)ca 1910 (7)1915 (5)ca 1920 (5)ca 1880's (5)ca 1900 (3)ca 1890's (2)ca 1895 (2)1841 (1)1880 (1)CreatorWillard Studios, Westb... (4)Bell, Charles Milton, ... (1)Dutton & Wentworth's P... (1)SubjectPoseyville (Hopkinton,... (2)Hopkinton Public Libra... (2)Bailey, Jonathan, B Ca... (1)Buck, Edmond, P Grand ... (1)Buckman, Samuel E Gran... (1)Show more... results 1-20 of 49 item(s) page 1 of 3 : ( << 1 2 3 >> ) :: previous : next select all : clear all : add to favorites Image: Title: Subject: Description: 1. 200th Anniversary Float, Ancient Order of the Hibernians Hopkinton (Mass.)-Centennial celebrations; Ancient Order of Hibernians ( Hopkinton, Mass.); Parades-Massachusetts-Hopkinton Image of horse-drawn parade float in Hopkinton's 200th Anniversary Celebration. Men are wearing top hats and formal attire, women are in long dresses, one in a dark robe. They are members of the Ancient... 2. Album image 01, Hopkinton from the cemetery Hopkinton (Mass.)-History; D.T. Bridges and Co.(Hopkinton, Mass.); Shoe industry-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Church buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton Town center of Hopkinton, Mass., circa 1880, as viewed from Mt. Auburn Cemetery looking south east. It includes D.T. Bridges & Co. boot factory with 2 tier tower on left, Town Hall directly to its right.... 3. Album image 02, Main Street, West from Davenport's Block Davenport's Block (Hopkinton, Mass.); Hopkinton (Mass.)-History; Main Street (Hopkinton Mass.) Main Street Hopkinton looking west from area known as Davenport's Block. Tree lined street has white picket fencing on left. Wooden building on right has sign Medical Associates and sign across the road... 4. Album image 07, D.T. Bridges & Co.'s Boot Manufactory D.T. Bridges & Co. (Hopkinton, Mass.); Historic buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Shoe industry-Massachusetts-Hopkinton Four-story wooden shoe manufacturing building from the east side with the view behind to the west. Its first floor is constructed from brick, windows are arched. The roof has a two tier tower and a clock.... 5. Album image 08, A. Coburn, Son & Co.'s Boot Manufactory A. Coburn Son & Co.'s Boot Manufactory (Hopkinton Mass.); Hopkinton (Mass.)- history; Shoe industry-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Historic Buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton Five-story wooden shoe manufacturing building has a brick foundation and sky lights on the roof. A separate low brick structure with sky lights is in the left front and a two-story building with white... 6. Album image 09, S.A. Crooks & Co.'s Boot Manufactory S. & A. Crooks & Co.'s Boot Manufactory; Shoe industry-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Hopkinton (Mass.)-History East side of two wooden shoe factory buildings connected by a 3-story unit. The building on the left is fives-stories high, the second is 4-stories. Both have sky lights. Building on the left had a sign... 7. Album image 10, Thompson's Boot Manufactory Thompson's Boot Manufactory; Hopkinton(Mass.)-history; Shoe industry-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Historic buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton Five-story wooden factory building with brick foundation. The Roof contains skylights, a man can be seen in the second floor window. The right side of the building has a rectangular sign with E. Thompson... 8. Album image 11, St. John's Catholic Church St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church (Hopkinton, Mass.); Church buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Historic buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton Granite church building, from the west side of Church Street in Hopkinton. It was first occupied in 1899, at the time of this photograph there are no front stairs, no stain glass windows. Front doors have... 9. Brick Bank Building at # 1 Main Street Hopkinton Historic buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Bank buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Main Street (Hopkinton, Mass.) View of north side of a brick commercial bank building at one Main Street Hopkinton, with pillars front and side. It includes adjacent and connected one story building, both are framed by wrought iron... 10. Central House, Hopkinton 1915 Central House (Hopkinton, Mass.); Taverns (Inns)-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Centennial celebrations; (Hopkinton, Mass.)Historic buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton Four-story clapboard building adorned with flags and banners to celebrate Hopkinton's 200th anniversary in 1915. Men pose on the ground floor, some in formal attire, while five women can be seen on the... 11. Eastman Grain Company, image #1, Hopkinton 1886 Eastman Grain Company,(Hopkinton, Mass.); Hopkinton (Mass.)-History; Quinnipiac Fertilizer Co., (Hopkinton, Mass.); Historic buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton Two-story commercial barn building. In a horse-drawn cart that is exiting the building one man is seated and another stands and holds up a large burlap sack. The man in the front wears a work smock and... 12. Eastman Grain Company, image #2, Hopkinton 1886 Eastman Grain Company (Hopkinton, Mass.); Hopkinton (Mass.)-History; Historic buildings-Massachusetts-Hopkinton View of Eastman Grain Company of Hopkinton ca 1886. There is a commercial clapboard barn building and on the left is a man in overalls standing behind a harnessed horse. A second man stands in the left... 13. Fire 5, Ruins of Town Hall after fire of 1900 Fires-Massachusetts-Hopkinton-History-19th Century; Hopkinton (Mass.)-History; Main Street (Hopkinton, Mass.) Town Hall ruins after fire of March 15, 1900, on Main Street Hopkinton, Massachusetts. View is from the north side of Main Street looking east. Back side of Park House building is on the left and steeple... 14. Fire 8, Mahon Bros. after 1882 fire, Hopkinton Massachusetts Mahon Bros (Hopkinton, Mass.)-fire 1882; Fires-Massachusetts-Hopkinton-history-19th century; Hopkinton (Mass.)-history Two men and a dog of front steps of a burned out commercial building on the north side of Main Street in Hopkinton. The rear of the building is completely demolished but the Mahon Bros. sign is intact.... 15. G.A.R. Image 1, Jonathan Bailey, Hopkinton Post 14 Bailey, Jonathan, b. ca.1840; Grand Army of the Republic C.C. Phillips Post 14 (Hopkinton, Mass.); Civil War (Hopkinton, Mass.); Hopkinton (Mass.)-History Hopkinton's civil war veteran's group the Grand Army of the Republic member Jonathan Bailey, of Hopkinton's C.C. Phillips Post 14. A type written label indicates that he served in CO. 3, 20th Vermont Infantry.... 16. G.A.R. Image 2, Edmond P. Buck, Hopkinton Post 14 Buck, Edmond, P. Grand Army of the Republic. C.C. Phillips Post 14. (Hopkinton, Mass.) Civil War (Hopkinton, Mass.); Hopkinton (Mass.)-History; Grand Army of the Republic member Edmond P. Buck. He was a member of C.C. Phillip's Post 14 which had monthly meetings on Church Street. He is spectacled has a moustache and wears his G.A.R. badge. The... 17. G.A.R. Image 3, Samuel E. Buckman, Hopkinton Post 14 Buckman, Samuel E. Grand Army of the Republic. C.C. Phillips Post 14.(Hopkinton, Mass.); Civil War (Hopkinton, Mass.); Hopkinton (Mass.)-History Hopkinton's Grand Army of the Republic member Samuel E. Buckman. It was a national Civil war veteran's organization and this post was named for Charles C. Phillips of Hopkinton. This was one of 35 images... 18. G.A.R. Image, 4, Joseph H.Clark, Hopkinton Post 14 Clark, Joseph H. Grand Army of the Republic. C.C. Phillips Post 14. (Hopkinton, Mass.) Civil War (Hopkinton, Mass.); Hopkinton (Mass.)-History Civil War veteran's organization member Joseph. H. Clark. He was a member of of Hopkinton's C.C. Phillip's post 14. He wears a Grand Army of the Republic badge and has a G.A.R. emblem on his hat. He also... 19. Grocery Store, Hopkinton 1800's Grocery trade-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Food industry and trade-Massachusetts-Hopkinton; Stores and shops-1860-1880-Massachusetts-Hopkinton Two grocers or butchers in white work coats stand in front of a Hopkinton storefront that displays food items in its shop windows and hanging poultry and produce are displayed in open boxes outside. In... 20. Helen Keller 1893, Presented to Hopkinton Public Library by Anne Emilie Poulsson Keller, Helen, 1880-1968 Childhood image of Helen Keller produced from an original Carbon Print photograph by commercial and government photographer Charles Milton Bell. 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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Other names
(10R,13R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, Cholesterin, Cholesteryl alcohol [1]
|CAS number
|Jmol-3D images
|Image 1
|Molecular formula
|Molar mass
|386.65 g/mol
|white crystalline powder[2]
|1.052 g/cm3
|Melting point
|Boiling point
|360 °C (decomposes)
|Solubility in water
|0.095 mg/L (30 °C)
|soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ether, hexane, isopropyl myristate, methanol
|Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
|(verify) (what is: / ?)
|Infobox references
Other names
(10R,13R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, Cholesterin, Cholesteryl alcohol [1]
|CAS number
|Jmol-3D images
|Image 1
|Molecular formula
|Molar mass
|386.65 g/mol
|white crystalline powder[2]
|1.052 g/cm3
|Melting point
|Boiling point
|360 °C (decomposes)
|Solubility in water
|0.095 mg/L (30 °C)
|soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ether, hexane, isopropyl myristate, methanol
|Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
|(verify) (what is: / ?)
|Infobox references
Cholesterol, from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid) followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol, is an organic molecule. It is a sterol (or modified steroid),[3] a lipid molecule and is biosynthesized by all animal cells because it is an essential structural component of animal cell membranes that is required to maintain both membrane structural integrity and fluidity. Cholesterol enables animal cells to (a) not need a cell wall (like plants & bacteria) to protect membrane integrity/cell-viability and thus be able to (b) change shape and (c) move about (unlike bacteria and plant cells which are restricted by their cell walls).
In addition to its importance within cells, cholesterol also serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D.[4] Cholesterol is the principal sterol synthesized by animals. All kinds of cells in animals can produce it. In vertebrates the hepatic cells typically produce greater amounts than other cells. It is almost completely absent among prokaryotes (i.e., bacteria), although there are some exceptions such as Mycoplasma, which require cholesterol for growth.[5]
François Poulletier de la Salle first identified cholesterol in solid form in gallstones in 1769. However, it was not until 1815 that chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul named the compound "cholesterine".[6][7]
Since cholesterol is essential for all animal life, each cell synthesizes it from simpler molecules, a complex 37-step process that starts with the intracellular protein enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. However, normal and particularly high levels of fats (including cholesterol) in the blood circulation, depending on how they are transported within lipoproteins, are strongly associated with the progression of atherosclerosis.
For a man of about 68 kg (150 lb), typical total body-cholesterol synthesis is approximately 1 g (1,000 mg) per day, and total body content is approximately 35 g, primarily located within the membranes of all the cells of the body. Typical daily dietary intake of additional cholesterol, in the United States, is 200–300 mg.[8]
Most ingested cholesterol is esterified, and esterified cholesterol is poorly absorbed. The body also compensates for any absorption of additional cholesterol by reducing cholesterol synthesis.[9] For these reasons, cholesterol intake in food has little, if any, effect on total body cholesterol content or concentrations of cholesterol in the blood.
Cholesterol is recycled. The liver excretes it in a non-esterified form (via bile) into the digestive tract. Typically about 50% of the excreted cholesterol is reabsorbed by the small bowel back into the bloodstream.
Plants make cholesterol in very small amounts.[10] Plants manufacture phytosterols (substances chemically similar to cholesterol produced within plants), which can compete with cholesterol for reabsorption in the intestinal tract, thus potentially reducing cholesterol reabsorption.[11] When intestinal lining cells absorb phytosterols, in place of cholesterol, they usually excrete the phytosterol molecules back into the GI tract, an important protective mechanism.
Cholesterol is required to build and maintain membranes; it modulates membrane fluidity over the range of physiological temperatures. The hydroxyl group on cholesterol interacts with the polar head groups of the membrane phospholipids and sphingolipids, while the bulky steroid and the hydrocarbon chain are embedded in the membrane, alongside the nonpolar fatty-acid chain of the other lipids. Through the interaction with the phospholipid fatty-acid chains, cholesterol increases membrane packing, which reduces membrane fluidity.[12] The structure of the tetracyclic ring of cholesterol contributes to the decreased fluidity of the cell membrane as the molecule is in a trans conformation making all but the side chain of cholesterol rigid and planar.[13] In this structural role, cholesterol reduces the permeability of the plasma membrane to neutral solutes,[14] hydrogen ions, and sodium ions.[15]
Within the cell membrane, cholesterol also functions in intracellular transport, cell signaling and nerve conduction. Cholesterol is essential for the structure and function of invaginated caveolae and clathrin-coated pits, including caveola-dependent and clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The role of cholesterol in such endocytosis can be investigated by using methyl beta cyclodextrin (MβCD) to remove cholesterol from the plasma membrane. Recently, cholesterol has also been implicated in cell signaling processes, assisting in the formation of lipid rafts in the plasma membrane. Lipid raft formation brings receptor proteins in close proximity with high concentrations of second messenger molecules.[16] In many neurons, a myelin sheath, rich in cholesterol, since it is derived from compacted layers of Schwann cell membrane, provides insulation for more efficient conduction of impulses.[17]
Within cells, cholesterol is the precursor molecule in several biochemical pathways. In the liver, cholesterol is converted to bile, which is then stored in the gallbladder. Bile contains bile salts, which solubilize fats in the digestive tract and aid in the intestinal absorption of fat molecules as well as the fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E, and K. Cholesterol is an important precursor molecule for the synthesis of vitamin D and the steroid hormones, including the adrenal gland hormones cortisol and aldosterone, as well as the sex hormones progesterone, estrogens, and testosterone, and their derivatives.[4]
Some research indicates cholesterol may act as an antioxidant.[18]
Animal fats are complex mixtures of triglycerides, with lesser amounts of phospholipids and cholesterol. As a consequence, all foods containing animal fat contain cholesterol to varying extents.[19] Major dietary sources of cholesterol include cheese, egg yolks, beef, pork, poultry, fish, and shrimp.[20] Human breast milk also contains significant quantities of cholesterol.[21]
From a dietary perspective, cholesterol is not found in significant amounts in plant sources.[20][22] In addition, plant products such as flax seeds and peanuts contain cholesterol-like compounds called phytosterols, which are believed to compete with cholesterol for absorption in the intestines.[23] Phytosterols can be supplemented through the use of phytosterol-containing functional foods or nutraceuticals that are widely recognized as having a proven LDL cholesterol-lowering efficacy.[24] Current supplemental guidelines recommend doses of phytosterols in the 1.6-3.0 grams per day range (Health Canada, EFSA, ATP III,FDA) with a recent meta-analysis demonstrating an 8.8% reduction in LDL-cholesterol at a mean dose of 2.15 gram per day.[25] However, the benefits of a diet supplemented with phytosterol has been questioned.[26][27]
Fat intake also plays a role in blood-cholesterol levels. Isocalorically replacing dietary carbohydrates with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats has been shown to lower serum LDL and total cholesterol levels and increase serum HDL levels, while replacing carbohydrates with saturated fat was shown to increase HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol levels.[28] Trans fats have been shown to reduce levels of HDL while increasing levels of LDL.[29] Based on such evidence and evidence implicating low HDL and high LDL levels in cardiovascular disease (see Hypercholesterolemia), many health authorities advocate reducing LDL cholesterol through changes in diet in addition to other lifestyle modifications.[30] The USDA, for example, recommends that those wishing to reduce their cholesterol through a change in diet should aim to consume less than 7% of their daily energy needs from saturated fat and fewer than 200 mg of cholesterol per day.[31] An alternative view is that any reduction to dietary cholesterol intake could be counteracted by the organs compensating to try to keep blood cholesterol levels constant.[32] Other research has found that an increase in the consumption of saturated fats and cholesterol decreases overall serum cholesterol.[33]
All animal cells manufacture cholesterol for their use, with relative production rates varying by cell type and organ function. About 20–25% of total daily cholesterol production occurs in the liver; other sites of higher synthesis rates include the intestines, adrenal glands, and reproductive organs. Synthesis within the body starts with one molecule of acetyl CoA and one molecule of acetoacetyl-CoA, which are hydrated to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA).[34] This molecule is then reduced to mevalonate by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. This is the regulated, rate-limiting and irreversible step in cholesterol synthesis and is the site of action for the statin drugs (HMG-CoA reductase competitive inhibitors).
Mevalonate is then converted to 3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate in three reactions that require ATP. Mevalonate is decarboxylated to isopentenyl pyrophosphate, which is a key metabolite for various biological reactions. Three molecules of isopentenyl pyrophosphate condense to form farnesyl pyrophosphate through the action of geranyl transferase. Two molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate then condense to form squalene by the action of squalene synthase in the endoplasmic reticulum.[34] Oxidosqualene cyclase then cyclizes squalene to form lanosterol. Finally, lanosterol is converted to cholesterol through a 19-step process.[35][36]
Konrad Bloch and Feodor Lynen shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1964 for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism.
Biosynthesis of cholesterol is directly regulated by the cholesterol levels present, though the homeostatic mechanisms involved are only partly understood. A higher intake from food leads to a net decrease in endogenous production, whereas lower intake from food has the opposite effect. The main regulatory mechanism is the sensing of intracellular cholesterol in the endoplasmic reticulum by the protein SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and 2).[37] In the presence of cholesterol, SREBP is bound to two other proteins: SCAP (SREBP cleavage activating protein) and Insig1. When cholesterol levels fall, Insig-1 dissociates from the SREBP-SCAP complex, which allows the complex to migrate to the Golgi apparatus. Here SREBP is cleaved by S1P and S2P (site-1 and -2 protease), two enzymes that are activated by SCAP when cholesterol levels are low.
The cleaved SREBP then migrates to the nucleus, and acts as a transcription factor to bind to the sterol regulatory element (SRE), which stimulates the transcription of many genes. Among these are the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and HMG-CoA reductase. The LDL receptor former scavenges circulating LDL from the bloodstream, whereas HMG-CoA reductase leads to an increase of endogenous production of cholesterol.[38] A large part of this signaling pathway was clarified by Dr. Michael S. Brown and Dr. Joseph L. Goldstein in the 1970s. In 1985, they received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work. Their subsequent work shows how the SREBP pathway regulates expression of many genes that control lipid formation and metabolism and body fuel allocation.
Cholesterol synthesis can also be turned off when cholesterol levels are high. HMG-CoA reductase contains both a cytosolic domain (responsible for its catalytic function) and a membrane domain. The membrane domain senses signals for its degradation. Increasing concentrations of cholesterol (and other sterols) cause a change in this domain's oligomerization state, which makes it more susceptible to destruction by the proteosome. This enzyme's activity can also be reduced by phosphorylation by an AMP-activated protein kinase. Because this kinase is activated by AMP, which is produced when ATP is hydrolyzed, it follows that cholesterol synthesis is halted when ATP levels are low.[39]
Cholesterol is only slightly soluble in water; it can dissolve and travel in the water-based bloodstream at exceedingly small concentrations. Since cholesterol is insoluble in blood, it is transported in the circulatory system within lipoproteins, complex discoidal particles that have an exterior composed of amphiphilic proteins and lipids whose outward-facing surfaces are water-soluble and inward-facing surfaces are lipid-soluble; triglycerides and cholesterol esters are carried internally. Phospholipids and cholesterol, being amphipathic, are transported in the surface monolayer of the lipoprotein particle.
In addition to providing a soluble means for transporting cholesterol through the blood, lipoproteins have cell-targeting signals that direct the lipids they carry to certain tissues. For this reason, there are several types of lipoproteins in blood, called, in order of increasing density, chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The more lipid and less protein a lipoprotein has, the less dense it is. The cholesterol within all the various lipoproteins is identical, although some cholesterol is carried as the "free" alcohol and some is carried as fatty acyl esters referred to as cholesterol esters. However, the different lipoproteins contain apolipoproteins, which serve as ligands for specific receptors on cell membranes. In this way, the lipoprotein particles are molecular addresses that determine the start- and endpoints for cholesterol transport.
Chylomicrons, the least dense type of cholesterol transport molecules, contain apolipoprotein B-48, apolipoprotein C, and apolipoprotein E in their shells. Chylomicrons are the transporters that carry fats from the intestine to muscle and other tissues that need fatty acids for energy or fat production. Cholesterol that is not used by muscles remains in more cholesterol-rich chylomicron remnants, which are taken up from here to the bloodstream by the liver.
VLDL molecules are produced by the liver and contain excess triacylglycerol and cholesterol that is not required by the liver for synthesis of bile acids. These molecules contain apolipoprotein B100 and apolipoprotein E in their shells. During transport in the bloodstream, the blood vessels cleave and absorb more triacylglycerol from IDL molecules, which contain an even higher percentage of cholesterol. The IDL molecules have two possible fates: Half are metabolized by HTGL, taken up by the LDL receptor on the liver cell surfaces, and the other half continue to lose triacylglycerols in the bloodstream until they form LDL molecules, which have the highest percentage of cholesterol within them.
LDL molecules, therefore, are the major carriers of cholesterol in the blood, and each one contains approximately 1,500 molecules of cholesterol ester. The shell of the LDL molecule contains just one molecule of apolipoprotein B100, which is recognized by the LDL receptor in peripheral tissues. Upon binding of apolipoprotein B100, many LDL receptors become localized in clathrin-coated pits. Both the LDL and its receptor are internalized by endocytosis to form a vesicle within the cell. The vesicle then fuses with a lysosome, which has an enzyme called lysosomal acid lipase that hydrolyzes the cholesterol esters. Now within the cell, the cholesterol can be used for membrane biosynthesis or esterified and stored within the cell, so as to not interfere with cell membranes.
Synthesis of the LDL receptor is regulated by SREBP, the same regulatory protein as was used to control synthesis of cholesterol de novo in response to cholesterol presence in the cell. When the cell has abundant cholesterol, LDL receptor synthesis is blocked so new cholesterol in the form of LDL molecules cannot be taken up. On the converse, more LDL receptors are made when the cell is deficient in cholesterol. When this system is deregulated, many LDL molecules appear in the blood without receptors on the peripheral tissues. These LDL molecules are oxidized and taken up by macrophages, which become engorged and form foam cells. These cells often become trapped in the walls of blood vessels and contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Differences in cholesterol homeostasis affect the development of early atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness).[40] These plaques are the main causes of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious medical problems, leading to the association of so-called LDL cholesterol (actually a lipoprotein) with "bad" cholesterol.[39]
Also, HDL particles are thought to transport cholesterol back to the liver for excretion or to other tissues that use cholesterol to synthesize hormones in a process known as reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).[41] Having large numbers of large HDL particles correlates with better health outcomes.[42] In contrast, having small numbers of large HDL particles is independently associated with atheromatous disease progression in the arteries.
Cholesterol is susceptible to oxidation and easily forms oxygenated derivatives known as oxysterols. Three different mechanisms can form these; autoxidation, secondary oxidation to lipid peroxidation, and cholesterol-metabolizing enzyme oxidation. A great interest in oxysterols arose when they were shown to exert inhibitory actions on cholesterol biosynthesis.[43] This finding became known as the "oxysterol hypothesis". Additional roles for oxysterols in human physiology include their: participation in bile acid biosynthesis, function as transport forms of cholesterol, and regulation of gene transcription.[44]
In biochemical experiments radiolabelled forms of cholesterol, such as tritiated-cholesterol are used. These derivatives undergo degradation upon storage and it is essential to purify cholesterol prior to use. Cholesterol can be purified using small Sephadex LH-20 columns.[45]
Cholesterol is oxidized by the liver into a variety of bile acids.[46] These, in turn, are conjugated with glycine, taurine, glucuronic acid, or sulfate. A mixture of conjugated and nonconjugated bile acids, along with cholesterol itself, is excreted from the liver into the bile. Approximately 95% of the bile acids are reabsorbed from the intestines, and the remainder are lost in the feces.[47] The excretion and reabsorption of bile acids forms the basis of the enterohepatic circulation, which is essential for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Under certain circumstances, when more concentrated, as in the gallbladder, cholesterol crystallises and is the major constituent of most gallstones. Although, lecithin and bilirubin gallstones also occur, but less frequently.[48] Every day, up to 1 g of cholesterol enters the colon. This cholesterol originates from the diet, bile, and desquamated intestinal cells, and can be metabolized by the colonic bacteria. Cholesterol is converted mainly into coprostanol, a nonabsorbable sterol that is excreted in the feces. A cholesterol-reducing bacterium origin has been isolated from human feces.[49][non-primary source needed]
Although cholesterol is a steroid generally associated with mammals, the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to completely degrade this molecule and contains a large number of genes that are regulated by its presence.[50] Many of these cholesterol-regulated genes are homologues of fatty acid β-oxidation genes, but have evolved in such a way as to bind large steroid substrates like cholesterol.[51][52]
According to the lipid hypothesis, abnormal cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia) — actually higher concentrations of LDL particles and lower concentrations of functional HDL particles — are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease because these promote atheroma development in arteries (atherosclerosis). This disease process leads to myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Since higher blood LDL, especially higher LDL particle concentrations and smaller LDL particle size, contribute to this process more than the cholesterol content of the HDL particles,[53] LDL particles are often termed "bad cholesterol" because they have been linked to atheroma formation. On the other hand, high concentrations of functional HDL, which can remove cholesterol from cells and atheroma, offer protection and are sometimes referred to as "good cholesterol". These balances are mostly genetically determined, but can be changed by body build, medications, food choices, and other factors.[54] Resistin, a protein secreted by fat tissue, has been shown to increase the production of LDL in human liver cells and also degrades LDL receptors in the liver. As a result, the liver is less able to clear cholesterol from the bloodstream. Resistin accelerates the accumulation of LDL in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. Resistin also adversely impacts the effects of statins, the main cholesterol-reducing drug used in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.[55]
Conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially "small dense LDL" (sdLDL) particles, are associated with atheroma formation in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is the principal cause of coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. In contrast, HDL particles (especially large HDL) have been identified as a mechanism by which cholesterol and inflammatory mediators can be removed from atheroma. Increased concentrations of HDL correlate with lower rates of atheroma progressions and even regression. A 2007 study pooling data on almost 900,000 subjects in 61 cohorts demonstrated that blood total cholesterol levels have an exponential effect on cardiovascular and total mortality, with the association more pronounced in younger subjects. Still, because cardiovascular disease is relatively rare in the younger population, the impact of high cholesterol on health is still larger in older people.[56]
Elevated levels of the lipoprotein fractions, LDL, IDL and VLDL are regarded as atherogenic (prone to cause atherosclerosis).[57] Levels of these fractions, rather than the total cholesterol level, correlate with the extent and progress of atherosclerosis. Conversely, the total cholesterol can be within normal limits, yet be made up primarily of small LDL and small HDL particles, under which conditions atheroma growth rates would still be high. Recently, a post hoc analysis of the IDEAL and the EPIC prospective studies found an association between high levels of HDL cholesterol (adjusted for apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, casting doubt on the cardioprotective role of "good cholesterol".[58]
Elevated cholesterol levels are treated with a strict diet consisting of low saturated fat, trans fat-free, low cholesterol foods,[59][60] often followed by one of various hypolipidemic agents, such as statins, fibrates, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, nicotinic acid derivatives or bile acid sequestrants.[61] Extreme cases have previously been treated with partial ileal bypass surgery, which has now been superseded by medication. Apheresis-based treatments are still used for very severe hyperlipidemias that are either unresponsive to treatment or require rapid lowering of blood lipids.[citation needed]
Multiple human trials using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, known as statins, have repeatedly confirmed that changing lipoprotein transport patterns from unhealthy to healthier patterns significantly lowers cardiovascular disease event rates, even for people with cholesterol values currently considered low for adults.[62] Studies have also found that statins reduce atheroma progression.[63] As a result, people with a history of cardiovascular disease may derive benefit from statins irrespective of their cholesterol levels (total cholesterol below 5.0 mmol/L [193 mg/dL]),[64] and in men without cardiovascular disease, there is benefit from lowering abnormally high cholesterol levels ("primary prevention").[65] Primary prevention in women was originally practiced only by extension of the findings in studies on men,[66] since, in women, none of the large statin trials conducted prior to 2007 demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in overall mortality or in cardiovascular endpoints.[67] In 2008, a large clinical trial reported that, in apparently healthy adults with increased levels of the inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein but with low initial LDL, 20 mg/day of rosuvastatin for 1.9 years resulted in a 44% reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular events and a 20% reduction in all-cause mortality; the effect was statistically significant for both genders.[68] Though this result was met with some skepticism, later studies and meta-analyses likewise demonstrated statistically significant (but smaller) reductions in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, without significant heterogeneity by gender.[69]
|Level mg/dL
|Level mmol/L
|< 200
|< 5.2
|Desirable level corresponding to lower risk for heart disease
|Borderline high risk
|> 240
|> 6.2
|High risk
The 1987 report of National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panels suggests the total blood cholesterol level should be: < 200 mg/dL normal blood cholesterol, 200–239 mg/dL borderline-high, > 240 mg/dL high cholesterol.[70] The American Heart Association provides a similar set of guidelines for total (fasting) blood cholesterol levels and risk for heart disease:[71]
However, as today's testing methods determine LDL ("bad") and HDL ("good") cholesterol separately, this simplistic view has become somewhat outdated. The desirable LDL level is considered to be less than 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L),[72] although a newer upper limit of 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) can be considered in higher-risk individuals based on some of the above-mentioned trials. A ratio of total cholesterol to HDL—another useful measure—of far less than 5:1 is thought to be healthier.
Total cholesterol is defined as the sum of HDL, LDL, and VLDL. Usually, only the total, HDL, and triglycerides are measured. For cost reasons, the VLDL is usually estimated as one-fifth of the triglycerides and the LDL is estimated using the Friedewald formula (or a variant): estimated LDL = [total cholesterol] − [total HDL] − [estimated VLDL]. VLDL can be calculated by dividing total triglycerides by five. Direct LDL measures are used when triglycerides exceed 400 mg/dL. The estimated VLDL and LDL have more error when triglycerides are above 400 mg/dL.[73]
Given the well-recognized role of cholesterol in cardiovascular disease, some studies have shown an inverse correlation between cholesterol levels and mortality. A 2009 study of patients with acute coronary syndromes found an association of hypercholesterolemia with better mortality outcomes.[74] In the Framingham Heart Study, in subjects over 50 years of age, they found an 11% increase overall and 14% increase in cardiovascular disease mortality per 1 mg/dL per year drop in total cholesterol levels. The researchers attributed this phenomenon to the fact that people with severe chronic diseases or cancer tend to have below-normal cholesterol levels.[75] This explanation is not supported by the Vorarlberg Health Monitoring and Promotion Programme, in which men of all ages and women over 50 with very low cholesterol were likely to die of cancer, liver diseases, and mental diseases. This result indicates the low-cholesterol effect occurs even among younger respondents, contradicting the previous assessment among cohorts of older people that this is a proxy or marker for frailty occurring with age.[76]
The vast majority of doctors and medical scientists consider that there is a link between cholesterol and atherosclerosis as discussed above;[77] a small group of scientists, united in The International Network of Cholesterol Skeptics, questions the link.[78]
Abnormally low levels of cholesterol are termed hypocholesterolemia. Research into the causes of this state is relatively limited, but some studies suggest a link with depression, cancer, and cerebral hemorrhage. In general, the low cholesterol levels seem to be a consequence, rather than a cause, of an underlying illness.[56] A genetic defect in cholesterol synthesis causes Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, which is often associated with low plasma cholesterol levels.
The American Heart Association recommends testing cholesterol every five years for people aged 20 years or older.[79] A separate set of American Heart Association guidelines issued in 2013 indicates that patients taking statin medications should have their cholesterol tested 4–12 weeks after their first dose and then every 3–12 months thereafter.[80]
A blood sample after 12-hour fasting is taken by a doctor, or a home cholesterol-monitoring device is used to determine a lipoprotein profile. This measures total cholesterol, LDL (bad) cholesterol, HDL (good) cholesterol, and triglycerides. It is recommended to test cholesterol at least every five years if a person has total cholesterol of 5.2 mmol/L or more (200+ mg/dL), or if a man over age 45 or a woman over age 50 has HDL (good) cholesterol less than 1 mmol/L (40 mg/dL), or there are other risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Other risk factors for heart disease include Diabetes, Hypertension (or use of anti-hypertensive medications), low HDL, family history of CAD and hypercholesterolemia, and cigarette smoking.[81]
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]
Some cholesterol derivatives (among other simple cholesteric lipids) are known to generate the liquid crystalline "cholesteric phase". The cholesteric phase is, in fact, a chiral nematic phase, and it changes colour when its temperature changes. This makes cholesterol derivatives useful for indicating temperature in liquid crystal display thermometers and in temperature-sensitive paints.
Cholesterol has 256 stereoisomers, although only two of them are of biochemical significance (nat-cholesterol and ent-cholesterol,[82][83]) and only one of them occurs naturally (nat-cholesterol).
Steroidogenesis, using cholesterol as building material
Space-filling model of the Cholesterol molecule
Numbering of the steroid nuclei


text:
Dear Dr Lam
I am considering having chin augmentation surgery. Please would you tell me which make and size of chin implant is most suitable for me?
I would like my chin to be noticeably longer, squarish at the bottom, front projection and wider at the sides, if possible.
Please see attached photos and advise.


text:
Separate names with a comma.
Thanks for guys help :nice: I found some on mustanglife.com that is putting a hi proformance TB and I asked him how much he wanted for his stock TB...
Try Auto Zone they sell it for like 15 bucks
Will a stock throttle body from a 1992 5.0 mustang fit on my 1987 2.3 mustang?? :shrug:
Yeah I want to do more than turbo motor like a ranger cam,custom exhuast,header,port and polish the upper and lower intake manifold,injectors. I...
I want my car to run at least 14's or lower what would I have to do to make my car run 14's or lower? :shrug:
Im in no hurry of getting a turbo right now cuz I don't have a enough money yet. I will be starting this new job at my moms work in the summer
Whoops I must have been loged on my dads account!!
Well anyways thanks for your guys help.
I have a 87 stang four banger coupe and I want to put a turbo on it but I don't if I should just slap a turbo on it or buy a turbo engine? :shrug:
Just go to your local Pepboys or Schucks and buy a dry nitrous kit :rlaugh: :rlaugh:
I guess everybody is just going to ingore me like always :bang:
Where can I find a descent replacment clutch for 1987 2.3 Mustang? :shrug:
I had troubles registering to this and now it finally let me register.


text:
Keys Cutting Tybee Island GA: Car Keys, Locksmith Tybee Island, GA
24 Hr Emergency Locksmith
Tybee Island, GA
Locksmith in Tybee Island, GA 31328
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Locksmiths near Tybee Island GA
Locksmiths in the 912 area code.
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Water Pump & Related at 1A Auto
What is a Water Pump and where is it Located?
One of the key components of the automotive cooling system is the engine water pump, sometimes referred to as the coolant pump as well. It serves a crucial role in keeping your engine from overheating by circulating the coolant through the engine and radiator. The process of coolant circulation is what pulls heat away from the engine and allows it to maintain the correct proper operating temperature. In terms of location, automotive water pumps are usually mounted to the front of the engine, and often behind the timing cover.
The majority of vehicles have basic centrifugal (mechanical) water pumps consisting of a main shaft, housing and impeller. Attached to the mechanical water pump's main shaft is a pulley or gear, which is driven by the rotation of the crankshaft either by an accessory belt, timing belt or chain depending on the application. On the other end of the main shaft lies the impeller; cooled coolant from the radiator enters near the center via an inlet and is forced outwards as it spins, circulating the coolant through the engine. From there, the coolant goes around the engine's cylinders and as it does, it picks up the heat from the friction and burning of fuel, thus transferring it from the engine to the coolant. The warm fluid is then forced out and travels through the upper radiator hose and into the automobile's radiator via the water outlet. From there it goes into small chambers that are all throughout the radiator, where it is then cooled down by the air that is passed freely through the radiator's core by the radiator fan. Air passes through the radiator when the vehicle is moving as well, but the use of cooling fans aids this process when the engine is being worked harder, and / or when the car or truck isn't moving. The cooled coolant then goes back to the water pump via the lower radiator hose and the process repeats itself.
A few vehicles also have a secondary (or auxiliary) electric water pump to assist in the circulation process, in addition the mechanical water pump. Other forced induction automobiles that are equipped with a water-to-air intercooler also require the use of an electric water pump.
Water Pump Failure
Water pumps can last a fairly long time on vehicles with properly maintained coolant systems. Changing your car or truck's coolant in regularly scheduled intervals will go a long way in preventing failure of any coolant system components. So how do you know if your water pump needs to be replaced? An early sign would be what is known as the "weep hole drip," which refers to a small amount of coolant leaking from the water pump onto the ground. There are two very small passages on the water pump bearing housing - an upper and a lower – and these are known as weep holes. Normally, a seal prevents coolant from leaking through the lower hole; however, this seal can fail due to age or coolant contamination. This type of leak is also a sign the main shaft bearings may be on their way to failure. If you have noticed signs of coolant leakage under your vehicle or a loss of coolant, it is time to inspect your car or truck's water pump as this may be an indicator that it has failed.
Other possible auto water pump failures can be due to a cracked housing, broken impeller or main shaft. Failures of these matters may also directly or indirectly result in severe engine damage. These types of failures are often preceded by early warning signs such as a coolant leak or bearing noise, proving the importance of regular maintenance.
Replacing a Water Pump
As mentioned, automotive water pumps are usually mounted to the front of the engine of a car or truck, and often behind the timing cover. For this reason, it is wise and cost effective to replace your water pump as preventative maintenance the same time you perform a timing belt or chain replacement. Performing a water pump replacement can be done by your average do-it-yourselfer on most vehicles, providing they have a good set of hand tools and basic mechanical ability. As always, a decent repair manual for your automobile will take you through the entire process.
Need a Water Pump Replacement?
If the water pump fails, the engine will overheat causing it to shut down, which can possibly lead to more serious problems as well as cause considerable damage to the engine. So, if the water pump in your car or truck has failed, it is important that you replace it as soon as possible. Luckily for you, 1A Auto has you covered! We have quality, aftermarket water pump replacements, both mechanical and electric, for many cars, trucks, SUVs and vans, at great prices. For a durable and dependable auto water pump replacement that will last you 2-3 times longer on average than your used OEM automotive radiator, buy from 1A Auto today.
At 1A Auto, we also make shopping for an aftermarket water pump replacement for your car, truck, SUV or van easy - we're here to help you select the right one for your vehicle! Call our customer service toll free at 888-844-3393 if you have any questions about our products, warranty, compatibility or to purchase, or you can buy online with the utmost confidence. Replace your broken or leaking water pump now with an exact fit aftermarket replacement part from 1A Auto.


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Apartment Rental Search in 30152 Zip Code Area 5 mile radius
Zip Starts With
Second Digit
Third Digit
Ends With
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Park at Kennesaw
Watch Video About This Property
- Kennesaw, GA
- Work 1-888-378-4990
- 34.003356 -84.609954
Wood Pointe
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- Marietta, GA
- Work 1-888-858-9274
- 33.955235 -84.583903
Liberty Pointe
Featured Property Amenity
- Marietta, GA
- Work 1-888-331-8130
- 33.934781 -84.50352
Kennesaw, GA 30152
Walden Ridge
- Spacious 1, 2 & 3 bedrooms
- Resort Style Pool with Cabana
- Gated access community
- Washer and Dryer Connections
- Fitness center w/24-hr access
- Children's play area
- Executive business center
- Clothes care center
- Car care center
- Valet Trash and Recycling
- Exceptional Customer Service
- Lighted tennis court
Luxury Kennesaw apartment rentals located close to world-class restaurants, shopping and Kennesaw State University, yet away from it all. A rare find in North Cobb, Walden Ridge apartments in Kennesaw offers a resort style pool, lighted tennis court, pet park, executive business center and accented handsome interior features like crown molding and raised panel cabinetry. At Walden Ridge in Kennesaw you have room to breathe, relax and enjoy the rewards you deserve.
Kennesaw, GA 30152
Park at Kennesaw
- New Upgraded Interiors
- Jogging and Walking Path
- Resident Lounge and Coffee Bar
- Built-in Desks and Bookcases
- Playground and Tennis Court
- Online Payment Options
- Private Detached Garages
- Relaxing Swimming Pool w/Sun Deck
- 24-Hour Fitness Center
- Business Center
- Car and Clothes Care Centers
- Minutes from KSU
Luxury Kennesaw, GA Apartment Homes with one, two and three bedroom floor plans, located in the Cobb County school district, rated "School of Excellence". Easy access to I-75, I-575, I-285, and Hwy 41. Amenities include: Swimming Pool with Sun Deck, 24-Hour Fitness Center, Private Detached Garages, Playground and Tennis Court, Resident Lounge and Coffee Bar.
Kennesaw, GA 30152
Cobblestone Landing
- Balconies or Patios
- High-Speed Internet Ready
- Gated Community
- Crown Molding
- Basketball Court
- Washer / Dryer Connections
- Car washing station
- Free After School Program
- Pool with water feature
- Close to Great Cobb County Schools
- Minutes to Shopping and Dining
- Minutes to Marietta & Downtown Atlanta
One, two and three bedroom homes located in the heart of Kennesaw. Our apartments are affordable with prices starting in the $600s. Located within a gated community, you will have access to great amenities that include balconies or patios, high-speed internet, crown moulding & laundry facility on-site. Approximately 20 miles northwest of downtown Atlanta, I-75 is nearby, providing convenient access to shopping and the Town Center Mall area. Visit today and find out why Cobblestone Landing shou
Thank You! Your email has been sent. We appreciate your interest.


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Get the latest printable grocery coupons
Here's my take on just some of the best deals at Ingles for this next week, 3/17 – 3/23. There are quite a few deals this week, including a big 10 for $10 sale, many of which are nice buys even without coupons. And you'll still find many frozen food items on sale in celebration of National Frozen Food Month.
This weekAdvantageMail members can get Pepperidge Farm Goldfish Crackers 4 for $5. There is a limit of four.
* Ingles doubles coupons up to and
including 50¢ with your
Ingles Advantage Card. Some Ingles stores
(but not all) will also double internet
printable coupons.
* They will double 3 coupons for
every $10 spent.
* They only double 2 like coupons
per transaction.
* View Ingles' Coupon Policy
* Register your Ingles card with UPromise and SavingStar to get extra eCoupon savings.
Purchase: (2) Select Kellogg's Cereals
Sale Price: BOGO Free – As little as $2.04 each
Use: Check your binders – Use $1/3 Kellogg's printable coupon + view other printable Kellogg's coupons
Final Price: Varies
Purchase: (2) General Mills Big G Cereals
Sale Price: 2 for $5
Use: $1/2 General Mills printable coupon OR $0.75/1 Kix Cereal coupon OR $0.75/1 Wheaties coupon
Final Price: As little as $1.75
Purchase: Fresh Express Salad Mix
Sale Price: $2
Use: $0.55/1 coupon 3/10 SS insert
Final Price: $1.45
Purchase: Marie's Veggie Dip
Sale Price: BOGO ($1.64 each)
Use: $1/1 Marie's printable coupon
Final Price: $0.64
Purchase: (2) Del Monte Canned Tomatoes 14.5 oz
Sale Price: $1 each
Use: $0.50/2 Del Monte printable coupon (one click vote to claim coupon)
Final Price: $0.50 each after doubled coupon
Purchase: Dr. Oetker's Ristorante Pizza
Sale Price: $3.98
Use: $1/1 coupon 3/3 SS insert
Final Price: $2.98
Purchase: Totino's Pizza Rolls 15 ct
Sale Price: $1
Use: $0.35/1 coupon 1/27 SS insert
Final Price: $0.30 after doubled coupon
Purchase: McCain Potatoes 16-32 oz
Sale Price: $1.67
Use: $1/1 McCain Sweet Potato printable coupon + $1/1 savings @ SavingStar
Final Price: As little as FREE
Purchase: Gain or Downy Fabric Softener 64 oz
Sale Price: $2.48
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Purchase: Purex Detergent/Ultra Packs
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Use: $1/1 coupon 3/3 RP insert
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Use: $0.40/1 coupon 3/3 P&G insert
Final Price: $5.18 after doubled coupon
Seedless Grapes $1.48 lb
Jumbo Cantaloupe $1.98
Tyson Boneless Chicken Breast $1.98 lb
Breyer's or Mayfield Ice Cream 48 oz $3
Libby's Canned Fruit $1
Hawaiian Punch Singles To Go 8 pk $1
Mrs. Cubbison's OR Marzetti Salad Croutons $1
Nabisco Ritz Crackers BOGO ($1.99 each)
Ruffles Potato Chips 8-10 oz $2.50
Ray O Vac Batteries $1


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Auto Association Pushes Energy Star
The National Automobile Dealers Association (NADA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) want new-car dealers to reduce their energy consumption through the Energy Star program.
As part of this effort, NADA and EPA are encouraging dealerships to complete a brief survey that will give them a benchmark to better compare the energy usage of dealerships across the country and allow certification of those dealerships that perform well. The survey asks dealers to share their yearly utility bills, square footage – inside and out – and different types of equipment used at the dealership.
NADA wants to benchmark the energy usage of at least 500 dealerships before it begins the Energy Star certification process.
To encourage participation, NADA has launched a new program called Energy Ally. Businesses, such as accounting, consulting and energy management firms, that assist at least five dealerships to complete the survey will be awarded a NADA Energy Ally designation. These contractors can use the recognition to market their services to other dealerships.
The NADA Convention and Expo, Feb. 8-11 in Orlando, Fla., will showcase hundreds of exhibitors whose products help meet the energy-saving goals of dealerships. Motion sensors for lights, timers for thermostats, heaters that run on used motor oil, solar arrays for heating water and gathering electricity and roof cooling devices are some of the products that will be on display at the convention.
- Existing Building Technologies Combine for Increased Savings
- Top 3 Reasons to Calculate Your Environmental Footprint
- How to Use Lean Tools to Cash In On Environmental and Energy Savings
- Sustainability Reporting for Commercial Real Estate: GRESB
- Six Essential Steps to Drive Effective Energy Management
- Integrated Building Optimization
- Mobility From The Plant Floor To The Store Door: Improve Safety, Accuracy, and Productivity
- Alarms Management: The Future is Now
- Integrating sustainability into your ERM framework
- Improve Your Company's Environment and Energy Performance
- Cut Costs and Improve Facility Operations with Energy Data
- Energy Procurement Strategies for Winter 2014 and 2015
- Energy Efficiency Requires Engineering Efficiency
- Integrated Building Optimization: A Crucial Convergence of Demand-side and Supply-Side Energy Management Strategies
- Driving Productivity and Profit with Industrial Energy Management


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Ice Cube In Slovakia
Guys, you can't imagine how happy i m these days! 1.7.2011 is the date when my life will get boosted. I m saving hardly made money to come visit Ice Cube in LA and suddenly i get information that he is coming to me! Damn! The place where he is going to play is only 35 miles from my house!
Thank you west coast Warlord.


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The State Senate Democrats of the Connecticut General Assembly
Contact: Adam Joseph
March 4, 2013
Citing their success at closing the achievement gap and empowering parents and other community stakeholders, Senate President Donald E. Williams, Jr. (D-Brooklyn) today testified before the General Assembly's Education Committee in support of adding the Community School Model to the list of options school districts may utilize to turnaround low-performing schools.
"Last year we as a legislature, along with the Governor, made significant commitments to efforts to combat the social and economic disadvantages of our schools, our students and their families," said Senator Williams. "We opened up 1000 new slots in early childhood education, new school based health clinics and family resource centers and we created new job training and hiring incentives for employers. This bill takes this process a step further by allowing local school districts to better identify challenges and opportunities and coordinate efforts to address them."
Senate Bill 1002 provides a framework for improving our public schools by recognizing that no child and no school exists in a vacuum. Community schools draw upon partnerships within the surrounding community—they provide a collaborative and grassroots model rather than a top down approach.
This legislation allows local school districts to designate community schools in their districts, instructs them to conduct an audit of the current school resources, identify community resources that serve local students and their families, and develop a plan to coordinate these existing programs in a comprehensive and consistent manner.
"Community schools emphasize values beyond testing and evaluations," said Senator Williams. "They recognize that children are best prepared to learn when they have had quality early childhood education and come to school ready to learn, when they are not hungry and have access to health care, when their parents are involved in their children's education and have access to a Parent's Academy to assist with continuing education and employment
Efforts nationwide to develop community schools have delivered results. In Cincinnati, Washington, D.C, Syracuse, Washington State, Maryland and California, researchers have found that community schools have contributed to higher attendance rates, higher rates of parent involvement, more job training for parents, lower rates of discipline problems, higher self-esteem for students, and increased academic achievement. All of these efforts have led to lower dropout rates, higher graduation rates and better economic opportunities for students and their families.
Chair: Legislative Management
Vice-Chair: Executive & Legislative Nominations
Adam Joseph
Legislative Office Building
Room 3300
Hartford, CT 06106-1591
To see more news releases by Senator Williams, visit our Press page (also includes releases by other Senate Democrats).
Subscribe to Senator Williams' RSS news feed.
Download Senator Williams' biography and publication-quality head shots.
Williams.doc (MS Word format)
Williams-hi.jpg (JPG)
Williams-low.jpg (JPG)


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Jersey Mike's Subs Donates Sub Sales to Hunger and Tornado Relief Efforts
June 10, 2013
OKLAHOMA CITY – This Wednesday, June 12, Jersey Mike's Subs will donate its sub sales to the Regional Food Bank of Oklahoma to assist with disaster and hunger relief efforts.
"One of our guiding principles at Jersey Mike's is to make a positive difference in the lives of others," said Charlie Brown, Jersey Mike's area director and franchise owner. "We all do what we can at times like these. Immediately after the storms, we started making sandwiches for the first responders and those affected. We gave away more than 3,000 subs in the next few days. Donating our sub sales on Wednesday, June 12 is just another way we can help."
Local Jersey Mike's restaurants participating include:
- 1724 South Broadway Extension in Edmond
- 1149 East 2nd Street in Edmond
- 660 SW 19th Street in Moore
- 1204 N. Interstate Drive in Norman
- 1630 NW 23rd Street in Oklahoma City
- 2522 W. Memorial Rd. in Oklahoma City
- 3604 North May Avenue in Oklahoma City
- 6401 Northwest Expressway 126B in Oklahoma City
- 6719 North May Avenue in Oklahoma City
- 6815 SW 3rd Street in Oklahoma City
- 7500 South Santa Fe in Oklahoma City
- 1940 S. Air Depot Blvd. in Midwest City
- 3800 North MacArthur Boulevard in Warr Acres
- 1600 Garth Brooks Boulevard in Yukon
"In addition, throughout the month of June, we encourage Oklahomans to show the giving spirit that is so strong in our state by coming in and making a donation to the relief efforts," said Brown. "As a thank you, contributors of $1 or more will receive a cookie or brownie. Together, we will help those in need to start the process of rebuilding."
Jersey Mike's continues to support the Regional Food Bank efforts to feed hungry families, seniors and children in our state. Through its "Month of Giving" campaign, more than $65,000 has been raised for hungry Oklahomans.
To learn more about the Regional Food Bank, or to make a donation, visit regionalfoodbank.org or call 405.604.7111. For more information about Jersey Mike's Subs visit: http://www.jerseymikes.com.
the Regional Food Bank of Oklahoma
The Regional Food Bank of Oklahoma is the state's largest hunger relief organization. The nonprofit provides enough food to feed more than 90,000 hungry Oklahomans each week through a network of more than 1,000 schools and charitable feeding programs in 53 central and western Oklahoma counties. Since its inception in 1980, the Regional Food Bank has distributed more than 480 million pounds of food to feed Oklahoma's hungry. For more information, visit http://www.regionalfoodbank.org; find us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/regionalfoodbank or follow us on Twitter at www.twitter.com/rfbo.
About Jersey Mike's
Jersey Mike's, a fast-casual sub sandwich franchise with more than 750 stores open and under development nationwide, has a long history of community involvement and support. Started at the Jersey Shore in 1956, Jersey Mike's serves authentic East Coast-style subs on fresh baked bread – the same recipe it started with over 50 years ago. The company's mission is to bring its customers the highest quality, freshest made sub in the industry and give back to the communities in which it operates. A store locator and franchise information for Jersey Mike's can be found at www.jerseymikes.com.


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Court Opinions
State Laws
US Code
1 USC - General Provisions
US Constitution
California Code of Civil Procedure Section 708.710
Legal Research Home > California Laws > Code of Civil Procedure > California Code of Civil Procedure Section 708.710
708.710. As used in this article: (a) "Local public entity" means any public entity other than the state. (b) "Public entity" means the state, a county, city, district, public authority, public agency, and any other political subdivision in the state. (c) "State" means the State of California. (d) "State agency" means a state office, officer, department, division, bureau, board, commission or agency claims against which are paid by warrants drawn by the Controller.Section: 708.710 708.720 708.730 708.740 708.750 708.755 708.760 708.770 708.775 708.780 708.785 708.790 708.795 Next
Last modified: March 17, 2014


text:
Sunday, September 15, 2013
5 comments:
- AnonymousSeptember 30, 2013 at 5:46 AM
Wow. What an update. Absolutely brilliant. The colour scheme is spot on. Love it! Well done, and thank you.ReplyDelete
Spaceships ! Spaceships! Spaceships! Please please please. PS have pro and love it. First live wallpaper i ever bought and only one i now use. You are awesome.ReplyDelete
This was added 10/21. Great Stuff. But we need Day Dream mode!!ReplyDelete
Doesn't work with KitKat(Android 4.4) on my Nexus 7- Please update!! I loooove this wallpaper.ReplyDelete
Nice information you shared with us about the tech help for our computer.ReplyDelete
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Why shouldn't great ideas patented or not make their way into W3C standards? Don't say it. I have a patent on that thought. Shh. That one too. 1 - The patent process is broken. 2 - The web is all about open communication. Patents, especially software patents, fly in tha face of open communication. The goals of the W3C require technologies free from the legal entanglements that arrise with patented software. "1. Universal Access:" is not possible when one party determines when and how a technology can be used. Please do the right thing. Thank you, Scott PattenReceived on Sunday, 30 September 2001 12:42:33 GMT
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Paben collects 100th win
Head coach Shane Paben collected his 100th career victory as the Bellevue University men's basketball team defeated Haskell Indian Nations University 75-67 Saturday, Feb. 4, in Lawrence, KS. The victory moved the sixth-ranked Bruins to 20-5 overall and 8-1 in the Midlands Collegiate Athletic Conference.
Paben, now in his fourth season at Bellevue University, has a career record of 100-28 (.781) including a 39-8 (.830) mark in the MCAC. Under Paben, the Bruins have claimed the MCAC regular season and tournament titles each of the past two seasons. The team has advanced to the NAIA National Tournament in all three of coach Paben's previous seasons including a run to the semifinals in the 2009-2010 season.
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