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This Weekend in Sports — Australian Open Finals, NFL Pro Bowl
With Super Bowl XLVIII still more than a week away, other sports invade the TV schedule. Here are the best events to watch this weekend:
With Super Bowl XLVIII still more than a week away, other sports invade the TV schedule. Here are the best events to watch this weekend:
During a random search of Getty Images, we noticed these unbelievable shots of tennis players making objects levitate. How this isn't a bigger news item, we've got not idea, but it's really freaking us out right now.
Andy Murray and Marion Bartoli captured the men's and women's titles respectively at Wimbledon this weekend.
The tennis world's most prestigious title and a championship UFC fight highlight the upcoming sports calendar. Here's what to watch this weekend:
It turns out when you're trying to be a champion, you don't always have time to try to look cool. Sometimes you just have to do what it takes and hope that later the awesomeness of being champion will erase any embarrassing moments from memory.
A light sports calendar features the end of the first week of play at a Grand Slam tennis event and the best players in women's golf competing for a major title. Here's what to watch this weekend:
Rafael Nadal won his eighth French Open on Sunday, and Serena Williams captured her second women's title on Saturday.
It'll take more than some bad weather to slow down Serena Williams at the US Open.
The most prized tournament in tennis, a clash of Major League Baseball division leaders and Europe crowns its football champion. Here's what's happening this weekend in sports:
During the finals of the Madrid Open last weekend, number-one tennis player Rafael Nadal hit a stunning between-the-legs winner after a long rally with number-two seed Novak Djokovic.
It's the second time Djokovic has been victimized by the trick shot in a high-profile match; Roger Federer pulled off an almost identical move against him in the semi-finals of the 2009 U.S. Open.
Despite Nadal's shot, Djokovic managed to win the Madrid Open, marking his 34th-consecutive victory.


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Optimal DSD Playback for Bel Canto Design DACs
All Bel Canto DACs can be used to play DSD files perfectly by using JRiver, Pure Music, or other software. Here's how we do it and why it works.
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New Website Coming Soon
We are getting ready to launch a new, revamped website. Look for updates later this Summer.
Soundstage! Ultra Reviews The DAC3.5VB mkII, VBS1, REFLink System
"...the Bel Canto stack stacks up well against the DACs that many feel are among the best available, and at less than Arab-sheik prices. They're sonically very well balanced across the board, but are simply superb in the midrange, where lots of music needs it most."
-Jeff Fritz, Aug 2013
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Bel Canto Proudly Presents Bel Canto Black
Bel Canto expands to include our new high end line. Please visit BelCantoBlack.com for more details.
Stereophile: "Bel Canto Reinvents the Receiver"
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Updated Reviews and Show Reports
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A no-compromise compact system-in-one. Connect computer, CD player, turntable, cable box or game console, a pair of speakers and turn it up to 11!
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Positive Feedback's Dean Seislove Recommends the C5i Integrated Amp
"All in all, the Bel Canto C5i has the combination of looks, sound, function, and price to make it an extremely competitive consumer option."
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Interviews with John Stronczer, Bel Canto CEO and Chief Engineer
Robert Learner of Positive Feedback
Steve Lees of Wicked Digital/Stereo Audio in Australia.
"In an era when iPods feel obsolete after six months, there are still some products you'll be searching for on eBay decades from now."
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Efficiency and High Performance Audio
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subset: commoncrawl


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Roman Catholicism in Romania
The Roman Catholic Church (Romanian: Biserica Romano-Catolică din România, Hungarian: Romániai Római Katolikus Egyház, German: Römisch-katholische Kirche in Rumänien) in Romania is a Latin Rite Christian church, part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Its administration is centered in Bucharest, and comprises two archdioceses and four other dioceses. It is the second largest Romanian denomination after the Romanian Orthodox Church, and one of the 16 state-recognized religions. According to the 2011 census, it had 870,774 members, of which the largest groups were ethnic Hungarians (500,444), followed by Romanians (297,246), Germans (21,324) and Romani (20,821).[1] Romania is the only Romance-speaking nation where the majority of people are not Roman Catholic. The slow decline in the population over the last two decades is attributed mostly to a drop in the number of Hungarians and Germans, and the emigration of many Romanians to Italy or Spain.
Most Roman Catholics inhabit the region of Transylvania and Bacău County in Moldavia.[2] The smaller Roman Catholic communities include Banat Bulgarians, Italians, Poles, Croats and Krashovani, Czechs, Slovaks, and Romani people.[3] The highest percentages of Catholics are found in Szekely Land, whereas Cluj County has the highest absolute number of Catholics.
The Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic is a related sui iuris Catholic Church which uses the Byzantine Rite. It has separate jurisdiction, five eparchies, and one archeparchy headed by a major archbishop (thus the church has its own synod). The majority of its members are Romanians, with groups of Ukrainians from northern Romania.[3] Members of the Armenian community who adhere to the Armenian Rite are grouped in the Roman Catholic-led Gherla Vicariate.
The main archdiocese is the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bucharest, a metropolitan bishopric for the entire country, directly overseeing the regions of Muntenia, Northern Dobruja and Oltenia; it has around 52,000 parishioners, most of them Romanians.[4] The other diocese of its rank, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Alba Iulia (in Alba Iulia), groups the region of Transylvania-proper (without Maramureş and Crişana), and has around 480,000 mostly Hungarian parishioners.[5] Four other dioceses function in Romania and are based, respectively, in Timişoara (the Roman Catholic Diocese of Timişoara, representing the Banat), Oradea (the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oradea, for Crişana), Satu Mare (the Roman Catholic Diocese of Satu Mare, for Maramureş), and Iaşi (the Roman Catholic Diocese of Iaşi, for Moldavia).[1]
The Church presently runs a faculty of theology (as part of the Babeş-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca), four theological institutes, six medical schools and sixteen seminaries (see Religious education in Romania).[1] Among the journals issued by Catholic institutions are the Romanian-language Actualitatea Creştină (Bucharest) and Lumina Creştinului (Iaşi), as well as the Hungarian-language Keresztény Szó and Vasárnap (both in Cluj-Napoca).[1] It leads a network of charitable organizations and other social ventures, administrated by its Caritas foundation or the religious institutes; it includes kindergartens, orphanages, social canteens, medical facilities.[1]
|Roman Catholics
Medieval period[edit]
The oldest traces of Roman Catholic activities on present-day Romanian territory were recorded in Transylvania, in connection to the extension of Magyar rule and the region's integration into the Kingdom of Hungary (see History of Transylvania). Inaugurated by the early presence of Benedictines, these were strengthened by the colonization of Transylvanian Saxons,[1] as well as by missionary activities among the local Vlach (Romanian) population[1] and forceful conversions.[7] The Diocese of Alba Iulia (Gyulafehérvár) was probably set up in the 11th century.[5][8][9] Tradition holds that this was done under supervision from King Stephen I — according to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913, a more likely patron is Ladislaus I, who ruled almost a century after (the first bishop it lists is Simon, who held the see between 1103 and 1113).[8]
Other dioceses were created in Cenad (Csanád) and Oradea (Nagyvárad).[1][9] They were subordinated to the Archbishop of Kalocsa, part of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary.[9] The northern area comprised in the comitatus of Máramaros was originally part of the Alba Iulia Diocese, while the southern one, Szeben, was a provostship not comprised in any bishopric (and thus exempt).[8]
During the rule of Béla IV, the Catholic hierarchy was disestablished by the Mongol incursion (see Battle of Mohi), and only recovered after 1300.[8] In 1304, Pope Boniface VIII sent the first Catholic missionaries from Transylvania into the lands over the Carpathian Mountains (the area known as "Cumania"), where Eastern Orthodox bishops were already present.[10] A Diocese of Cumania was created in Milcov, in areas later ruled by Moldavia and Wallachia. Its assets were granted by the Hungarian rulers, whose claimed suzerainty over the region,[11] and it extended over parts of Székely Land.[8]
The Diocese of Cumania disappeared for a while, as locals took over its property, but was revived in 1332-1334, when Pope John XXII appointed the Franciscan Vitus de Monteferro, the chaplain of King Carobert, as the new bishop.[11] Direct control over the congregation was made difficult by the intrusion of the Golden Horde, who had set up its base in the region later known as Budjak (present-day southern Ukraine).[11] Around 1318, the Dobrujan town of Vicina was part of the Catholic vicariate of "Northern Tartary".[10]
During the 14th century, in the years following the establishment of Moldavia and Wallachia as separate states (the Danubian Principalities), Roman Catholic clerics arriving mainly from Jagiellon Poland and Transylvania set up the first Roman Catholic congregations over the Carpathians.[1]
In both countries, as a result of stately emancipation and lingering conflicts with the Hungarian Kingdom, the relatively strong Catholic presence receded with the establishment of more powerful Orthodox institutions (the Hungro-Wallachian diocese and the Moldavian diocese).[1][12] Nevertheless, Roman Catholics remained an important presence in both areas.[1] As a result of fighting between Wallachia's Prince Vladislav I Vlaicu and Hungarian King Louis I, concessions were made by both sides, and Wallachia agreed to tolerate a Catholic bishopric (1368).[13] The following year, Wallachia resumed its anti-Catholic policies.[14] In Moldavia, Prince Laţcu began negotiations with Pope Urban V and agreed to convert to Catholicism (1369); following a period of trouble, this political choice was to be overturned by Petru I during the 1380s.[14] New sees were created in that country: in 1371, the one in Siret, and, under the rule of Alexandru cel Bun, the short-lived one of Baia (1405–1413).[1][15][16]
Over the following centuries, the citadel of Cotnari was home to a notable Catholic community, initially comprising local Hungarians and Germans. In Wallachia, a short-lived Catholic diocese was created during the reign of Radu I, around the main town of Curtea de Argeş (1381).[17] The Moldavian diocese of Siret survived through the early stage of war with the Ottoman Empire, but was ultimately disestablished during the early 15th century, when it moved to Bacău.[15] In 1497, that location was abandoned by the hierarchy, and was no longer active during the following century.[15] Until the mid-19th century, like all other religious minorities, Roman Catholics did not enjoy full political and civil rights.[18]
The impact of Reformation[edit]
Following the 1526 Battle of Mohács, during which the Ottomans conquered much of Hungary, leaving Transylvania under the rule of local Princes (see Ottoman Hungary), Roman Catholicism entered a period of regression, and was later confronted with the success of Reformation.[1] The first community to embrace a Protestant creed were the Transylvanian Saxons, most of whom adhered to the Lutheran Augsburg Confession as early as 1547,[2][8] followed soon after by large groups of the Hungarian population, who converted to Calvinism.[2] The provostship of Szeben ceased to exist entirely.[8] Catholicism attempted to reestablish itself as George Cardinal Martinuzzi, a Catholic cleric, took over rule of Transylvania, but again declined after Martinuzzi was assassinated in 1551.[8]
Religious disputes and battles prolonged themselves over the following centuries, as a large number of Roman Catholic communities founded specifically Protestant local churches — the Reformed Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church and the Evangelical Church of Augustan Confession —, while others adhered to the Unitarian Church of Transylvania.[1][2][19] The Diocese of Alba Iulia was disestablished in 1556.[8]
An unprecedented stalemate was reached in 1568, under John II Sigismund Zápolya, when the Edict of Torda sanctioned freedom of religion and awarded legal status to the Roman Catholic, Reformed, Lutheran and Unitarian churches alike (while viewing the majority Orthodox as "tolerated").[2] The Alba Iulia see was revived soon after the Catholic Stefan Batory took the Transylvanian throne in succession to Zápolya (who had since become King of Hungary).[8]
During that age, Roman Catholics were recognized an autonomous structure, which allowed clerics and laity to organize teaching and administrate community schools.[8] A particular compromise was the Saxon citadel of Biertan (Birthälm), where the fortified church was taken over by the majority Lutheran community, and Catholic worship was still allowed to take place in the "Catholic Tower", located just south of the religious building.[20]
The Counter-Reformation itself had an impact, with members of the Jesuit religious order being called into the region as early as 1579 (under the rule of Stefan Batory).[21] In 1581, they founded an educational university in Cluj (Kolozsvár), nucleus of the present-day Babeş-Bolyai University.[21] Originally protected by the powerful Báthorys, they continued to have a precarious status in Transylvania.[8] Expelled in 1599-1595 (when Calvinism became official), and again in 1610-1615 (following the pressures of Gabriel Báthori), they continued their activities in the Moldavian region around Cotnari.[21]
17th century setbacks and recovery[edit]
Coinciding with the Habsburg offensives, religious conflicts were resumed and, in 1601 Bishop Demeter Napragy was forced out of Alba Iulia, with the see being confiscated by Protestants (although bishops continued to be appointed, they resided abroad).[8] By 1690, Roman Catholics were a minority in Transylvania.[19]
In parallel, Hungary-proper was integrated into Habsburg domains (1622), which created a new base for Counter-Reformation, as well as a local seat for the Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide.[19] In Moldavia, Catholicism was reasserted among the Csángós before around 1590, when Franciscan monks took charge of the diocese reestablished in Bacău (1611)[15] and first led by Bernardino Quirini.[22] After 1644, more Jesuits from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth settled in that country, founding a college in Cotnari and establishing a branch in Iaşi.[21]
Around that time, the ethnic Romanian Transylvanian intellectual Gheorghe Buitul joined the Jesuit order, the first member of his community to study in the Roman College of Rome, while the Transylvanian-born István Pongrácz was one of the Jesuits executed by Calvinists in Royal Hungary (1619).[21] The order was expelled a third time from Transylvania (1652), on orders from George II Rákóczi, and was twice driven out of Moldavia by the Great Turkish War (1672, 1683).[21]
During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the Roman Catholic Church sought to obtain the adherence of non-Catholic Christians to the Eastern Catholic Churches. They were assisted in this effort by the Habsburg offensive into Eastern Europe, which brought about Emperor Leopold I's conquest of Transylvania in 1699.[1][19] An additional factor for the new Catholic successes was, arguably, the continuous fighting between the various Protestant denominations of Transylvania.[2]
In 1657, Armenians in Transylvania who belonged to the Armenian Apostolic Church and were led by Bishop Oxendius Vărzărescu, placed themselves under indirect Roman Catholic jurisdiction, as part of the Armenian Catholic Church.[23] Many of them settled in and around Gherla (Armenopolis or Szamosújvár).[23]
18th century[edit]
Under the rule of Emperor Charles VI, the Bishops of Alba Iulia were able to return to their restored domains, as the see was removed from Protestant rule (1713).[8] The diocese was completely restored in 1771, under Empress Maria Theresia.[8] The defunct provostship of Szeben was not revived, and its assets went instead to the main diocese.[8] It was also under Maria Theresia that Catholic teaching and school administration came under the supervision of the Commissio catholica (this remained the rule under the Austrian Empire and the early years of Austria-Hungary).[8]
In 1700, with Jesuit assistance, the local Greek-Catholic Church, grouping formerly Orthodox Romanians, was set up. Its leadership was supervised by Jesuit theologians, whose office ensured doctrinal conformity.[21] The Jesuits were also allowed back into Moldavia by 1699, under the rule of Prince Antioh Cantemir.[21] In 1773, the order was suppressed throughout Europe, before being again created by Pope Pius VII in 1814 (see Suppression of the Society of Jesus).[21] Pope Pius IX reorganized the local Greek-Catholic Church in 1853, and placed it under Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide jurisdiction[24] (between 1912 and 1919, the Greek-Catholic parishes were administered from Hajdúdorog).[25]
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Moldavia and Wallachia were awarded their own apostolic vicariates, based respectively in Iaşi and Bucharest.[1][15][24] The old Moldavian see of Bacău was itself abolished as a result.[15] The Wallachian one was subordinated to the Bishop of Nikopol (later, of Rousse) for the following century.[26] In 1792-1793, Bishop Paulus Davanlia left Rousse to live with the Franciscans in Bucharest (who had set up an important center at the Bărăţia).[27]
In addition to the local presence, the Danubian Principalities became home to communities of Catholic diasporas: in Bucharest, Ragusan traders were first mentioned Bucharest during the 16th century, followed, around 1630, by Italian stonemasons;[28] later, the Wallachian capital was settled by groups of Hungarians, Poles (a presence notable after the 1863 January Uprising forced many to take refuge in Romania), and French people (see History of Bucharest).[29]
19th century and early 20th centuries[edit]
In 1812, the Franciscan Bulgarian Roman Catholic Bishop of Chiprovtsi decided, as a result of an epidemic in the city, to move his seat to the village of Cioplea (presently part of Bucharest).[26] The locality was a new center for the Bulgarian community in Wallachia,[26] but opposition from the local Orthodox hierarchy allowed the move to be completed only after 1847.[27] Following the end of the Crimean War, the Danubian Principalities came under the supervision of several European powers, ending Russian tutelage and its Regulamentul Organic administration. The two countries were instead awarded ad hoc Divans. On November 11, 1857, on Costache Negri's proposal, Moldavia's Divan regulated an end to religious discrimination against non-Orthodox Christians, a measure which mostly benefited the resident Roman Catholics and Gregorian Armenians.[18]
Following the Moldo-Wallachian union of 1859, and the 1881 creation of the Kingdom of Romania, the seat in Bucharest became an archdiocese (April 7, 1883) and the one in Iaşi a diocese, replacing the Franciscan-led diocese of Bacău (June 27, 1884).[1][22][24] This came as a consequence of repeated protests from locals, who called for Romanian clerics not to be under the strict control of foreign bishops.[27] Upgrading the local ecclesiastical hierarchy, the move also led to the disestablishment of the Cioplea bishopric.[26] The first Archbishop of Bucharest was Ignazio Paoli.[27]
The Neogothic Saint Joseph Cathedral in Bucharest was also completed in 1884,[27] and two seminaries were set up (the main seminary was in Bucharest,[27] and the Iaşi-based one was a Jesuit institution created in 1886, notably led by the Polish priest Feliks Wierciński).[21] The Jesuit Mission in Romania was created in 1918, being subordinated to the Order's Province of Belgium, and then to the Southern Province of Poland; it became a Vice-Province in 1927.[21] Romania accommodated various Catholic organizations, including the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (who operated three Bucharest schools by 1913), the Sisters of Mercy, the Passionists, and the Congregation of Notre-Dame de Sion.[27] Despite this increase in importance, Romania and the Holy See did not formally establish diplomatic relations for several decades.[24] The authorities also refused to allow the Church to create its own college.[27]
In parallel, autonomy for Roman Catholic school administration in Austro-Hungarian Transylvania was recovered in 1873, through the creation of a "Roman-Catholic Status".[8]
World War I and Greater Romania[edit]
During the final years of World War I and the stages leading up to Transylvania's union with Romania, Catholicism in Romania met with several diplomatic problems. Romania was defeated by the Central Powers and signed the Treaty of Bucharest, but its diplomats remained active in Allied countries, setting up the National Romanian Council in Paris. The latter, which also represented Romanian groups in the Austro-Hungarian-ruled Transylvania and Bukovina, appointed Monsignor Vladimir Ghika as its representative in Vatican City.[30]
When the Paris Peace Conference confirmed the creation of Greater Romania, Catholics of both churches represented 13 to 14% of its population.[24] During the Conference, the Ion I. C. Brătianu cabinet and representatives of Pope Benedict XV established preliminary contacts, a gesture coinciding with the encyclical Pacem, Dei Munus Pulcherrimum (which, in turn, redefined relations between the Holy See and individual states).[25] Negotiations were continued by the Alexandru Vaida-Voevod cabinet, who appointed the Greek-Catholic priest Vasile Lucaciu as its representative, and by that of Alexandru Averescu.[25] Through a decision taken by Foreign Minister Duiliu Zamfirescu, the outgoing Ghika was replaced with Dimitrie Pennescu, who was Romania's first Ambassador to the Vatican (see Holy See–Romania relations).[25] The Apostolic Nunciature in Romania was set up as a result of this.[1][25] The first person to hold this office was Archbishop Francesco Marmaggi, who took charge in October 1920.[25]
Subsequently, the Roman Catholic presence registered significant successes: new religious institutes, such as the Assumptionists and the Sisters of St. Mary, began their activities on Romanian soil, and the lay Acţiunea Catolică, a Romanian version of the Catholic Action, was set up in 1927.[1] By the end of World War II, there were 25 religious institutes present in the country in 203 monasteries, maintaining 421 religious schools and coordinating various charity ventures.[1] Over the early 1920s, the Holy See and Romania engaged in several diplomatic disputes: in one case, the Catholic Church declared itself dissatisfied by the effects of a land reform carried out in 1920-1921 (as a result of talks, it was occasionally allowed to keep larger estates than the law permitted);[31] in parallel, Romanian authorities were dissatisfied with the activities of certain Roman Catholic prelates in Transylvania and Hungary, whom they suspected of actively supporting Hungarian irredentism (in one of his notes to the Vatican, Pennescu condemned the politically motivated letters addressed by Gyula Glattfelder, the Bishop of Timişoara, to his Hungarian-majority congregation).[32]
A Concordat was negotiated in 1927, being ratified by the Romanian side in 1929[1][33][34] and through the Papal bull Solemni conventione on June 5, 1930.[35] On the basis of it, a 1932 agreement assigned to the Roman Catholic Church all the Transylvanian assets previously administered by the "Roman-Catholic Status".[1] On August 15, 1930, the bishop of Bucharest was appointed metropolitan (the others becoming suffragans).[36]
A redefinition of ecclesiastical administration took place in formerly Austro-Hungarian provinces, corresponding with the new borders of Greater Romania: Roman Catholics in Bukovina became part of the Iaşi Diocese, and those of Oradea were joined with the Satu Mare Diocese.[36] The Armenians maintained their autonomous structure, with the Roman Catholic Church appointing their spiritual leader (see Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Romania).[36]
Communist period[edit]
Both Roman Catholicism and the Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic entered a period of persecution and regression after 1948, when the Communist regime, which subscribed to the doctrine of Marxist–Leninist atheism, was established. Early signs of this were present after Soviet authorities, when the Concordat came to be regularly disregarded by the Petru Groza government, partly based on suspicions that the Holy See was attempting to convert the Orthodox population (see Soviet occupation of Romania).[37] In parallel, after 1945, Vladimir Ghika and others led a movement calling for a union between the Roman Catholic and Romanian Orthodox Churches, which caused further suspicions from the new authorities.[37] The Romanian Catholic Churches also explicitly refused to let their clergy join the Romanian Communist Party, which singled it out among religious organizations in the country.[37]
In 1946, the Groza cabinet declared Apostolic Nuncio Andrea Cassulo a persona non grata, alleging that he had collaborated with Romania's wartime dictator, Ion Antonescu; he was replaced with Gerald Patrick Aloysius O'Hara, who continued to face accusations that he was spying in favor of the Western Allies.[37] In secrecy, O'Hara continued to Consecrate bishops and administrators.[38]
The 1927 Concordat was unilaterally denounced on July 17, 1948[33][37] (in December of the same year, the Greek-Catholic Church was disestablished, and its patrimony was passed to the Orthodox Church).[2][33][39] New state regulations were designed to abolish papal authority over Catholics in Romania, and the Roman Catholic Church, although it was one of the sixteen recognized religions, lacked legal standing, as its organizational charter was never approved by the Department of Cults.[1][33][37] Until 1978, the celebration of Catholic Mass in Romanian language outside Bucharest and Moldavia was forbidden by the government.[40]
Many foreign clerics, including the Jesuit superiors,[21] were intimidated and ultimately expelled.[37][38] The Apostolic Nunciature was also closed down on government orders in 1950, after O'Hara left the country.[38] By that year, Romania, like all other Eastern Bloc countries, cut off diplomatic contacts with the Holy See.[41] Only two dioceses were allowed (the Bucharest Diocese and the Alba Iulia Diocese),[1][38] while the banned ones continued to function in semi-clandestinity (their new bishops, appointed by the Holy See, were not formally recognized).[1] The Communists unsuccessfully attempted to convince Catholics to organize themselves into a national church, and to cease their contacts with the Holy See.[37]
Many Roman Catholic clerics, alongside their approx. 600 Greek-Catholics counterparts,[33] were held in communist prisons from as early as 1947[37] and throughout the 1950s. Five of the six bishops, including both bishops of the recognized dioceses, Anton Durcovici and Áron Márton, were placed in custody.[38][42] Among Roman Catholic clerics to die in confinement were the bishops Szilárd Bogdánffy and Durcovici, Monsignor Ghika, and the Jesuit priest Cornel Chira.[21] In 1949, 15 religious institutes were banned in Romania, and the rest (including the Franciscans) significantly reduced their activities.[1] A number of local Jesuits were kept in imprisonment or under house arrest at the Franciscan monastery in Gherla (a situation which lasted for seven years).[21]
During the relative liberalization of the 1960s, sporadic talks between the Holy See and the Romanian state were carried out over the status of Greek-Catholic possessions, but without any significant result.[2] Romania became a Jesuit Province by 1974 (numbering, at that time, eight priests and five brothers).[21]
The situation normalized soon after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. Links with the Holy See were resumed in May 1990 (Romania was the fourth formerly Eastern Bloc country and first minority Catholic country to allow this, after the majority-Catholic Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia).[41] All six dioceses were recognized by the Romanian state during 1990,[1][39] and the one in Alba Iulia became an archdiocese in 1991.[5] Religious institutes were once again permitted to function,[1] and Jesuit activities were freely resumed following the 1990 visit of Provincial superior Peter Hans Kolvenbach.[21]
Beginning in the 1980s, the Romanian Roman Catholic Church has taken part in several international gatherings to promote ecumenism. These include the meetings in Patmos (1980), Munich (1982), Crete and Bari (1984), Vienna and Freising (1990), and at the Balamand Monastery (1993).[1] In May 1999, Romania was the first majority-Orthodox country to be visited by Pope John Paul II, who was personally welcomed by Teoctist Arăpaşu, the Patriarch of All Romania.[39] Problems continued to be faced in the relation with the Orthodox Church, in respect to the status of Greek-Catholic status and property.[1][39]
The Roman Catholic church, Aiud
The Roman Catholic Church, Arad
The Roman Catholic church, Ardud
The Franciscan church, Braşov
The Bulgarian Catholic church of Cioplea, Bucharest
The Roman Catholic church of Bobda, Cenei
The Roman Catholic Basilica, Constanţa
The Roman Catholic church, Craiova
The Armenian Catholic church, Gherla
The Roman Catholic Cathedral, Iaşi
The Roman Catholic church, Jimbolia
The Roman Catholic church, Lugoj
The Roman Catholic church, Miercurea Ciuc
The Roman Catholic Basilica, Oradea
The Roman Catholic church, Sânzieni
The Roman Catholic church, Şandra
The Roman Catholic Church, Târgu Frumos
St. George's Cathedral, Timişoara
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad (Romanian) "(Excel) Populaţia stabilă după etnie şi religie – categorii de localităţi"; retrieved November 24, 2013
- ^ a b c d e f g h Earl A. Pope, "Protestantism in Romania", in Sabrina Petra Ramet (ed.), Protestantism and Politics in Eastern Europe and Russia: The Communist and Postcommunist Eras, Duke University Press, Durham, 1992, p.158-160. ISBN 0-8223-1241-7
- ^ a b Diversitate etnoculturală în Europa, at the Resource Center for Ethno-cultural Diversity; retrieved July 25, 2007
- ^ (Romanian) "Arhiepiscopia Bucureşti", at the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, Under-Secretariat for Culture and Religious Affairs; retrieved July 25, 2007
- ^ a b c (Romanian) "Arhiepiscopia Alba Iulia", at the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, Under-Secretariat for Culture and Religious Affairs; retrieved July 25, 2007
- ^ a b New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol 12, p. 335
- ^ Ştefănescu, p.79, 128-131
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Transylvania", in the Catholic Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Press, New York, 1913
- ^ a b c Ştefănescu, p.80
- ^ a b Ştefănescu, p.112
- ^ a b c Ştefănescu, p.116
- ^ Ştefănescu, p.74-76
- ^ Ştefănescu, p.93
- ^ a b Ştefănescu, p.94
- ^ a b c d e f "Jassy", in the Catholic Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Press, New York, 1913
- ^ Ştefănescu, p.16, 76
- ^ Ştefănescu, p.76
- ^ a b Vasile Maciu, "Costche Negri, un ctitor al României moderne", in Magazin Istoric, May 1975, p.68
- ^ a b c d Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, The World of Catholic Renewal, 1540-1770, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, p.95. ISBN 0-521-84154-2
- ^ Alexandra Mureșan, "The Fortified Church of Biertan (Transylvania)", in Myra Shackley (ed.), Visitor Management: Case Studies from World Heritage Sites, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000, p.37. ISBN 0-7506-3279-8
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p (Romanian) "Repere istorice", at the Society of Jesus in Romania; retrieved July 25, 2007
- ^ a b (Romanian) Jean Nouzille, "Ceangăii din Moldova", in Magazin Istoric, February 2003; retrieved July 29, 2007
- ^ a b (Romanian) "Gherla, capitala uitată a unei minorităţi", in România Liberă, March 7, 2007; retrieved July 25, 2007
- ^ a b c d e Preda & Bucur, p.56
- ^ a b c d e f Preda & Bucur, p.57
- ^ a b c d "Nicopolis", in the Catholic Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Press, New York, 1913
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Bukarest", in the Catholic Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Press, New York, 1913
- ^ Giurescu, p.62, 269, 273
- ^ Giurescu, p.272-274
- ^ Preda & Bucur, p.56-57
- ^ Preda & Bucur, p.58
- ^ Preda & Bucur, p.58-59
- ^ a b c d e Adrian Cioroianu, Pe umerii lui Marx. O introducere în istoria comunismului românesc, Editura Curtea Veche, Bucharest, 2005, p.273-274. ISBN 973-669-175-6
- ^ Preda & Bucur, p.59
- ^ New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol 12, p. 332
- ^ a b c Norman L. Forter, Demeter B. Rostovsky, The Roumanian Handbook, Ayer Publishing, Manchester, New Hampshire, 1971, p.42. ISBN 0-405-02747-8
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Cristian Vasile, "The Apostolic Nunciature in Romania at the Beginning of the Communist Regime", in Annuario. Istituto Romeno di cultura e ricerca umanistica, 4 (2002); retrieved July 26, 2007
- ^ a b c d e Dennis J. Dunn, The Catholic Church and Russia: Popes, Patriarchs, Tsars, and Commissars, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, p.144. ISBN 0-7546-3610-0
- ^ a b c d Imogen Bell, Central and South-Eastern Europe 2004, Routledge, London, 2003, p.24. ISBN 1-85743-186-3
- ^ New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol 12, p. 334
- ^ a b Associated Press, "Evolution in Europe; Links to the Vatican Restored by Romania", in The New York Times, May 16, 1990
- ^ New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol 12, p. 333
- Constantin C. Giurescu, Istoria Bucureştilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre, Editura Pentru Literatură, Bucharest, 1966. OCLC 1279610
- (Romanian) Dumitru Preda, Marius Bucur, "România - Vatican. 80 ani de relaţii diplomatice", in Magazin Istoric, May 2000
- Ştefan Ştefănescu, Istoria medie a României, Vol. I, Bucharest, 1991
- New Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. p329-337. 15 vols. entry: Romania


text: Recommended Reading highlights the best long-form writing on technology and more in print and on the web. Some weeks, you'll also find short reviews of books that we think are worth your time. We hope you enjoy the read. How a Spacecraft Like Orion Survives the Harsh Radiation of Orbit by Matthe


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The most recent episode of South Park featured the kids playing Guitar Hero. It was enjoyable. It has me newly rehooked on Kansas – "Carry On My Wayward Son" in a way I haven't been since the year 2000 (y2k!!!).
And now I'm delving into my audio searching for any song that features blazing, wailing, and otherwise raucous guitars. The new Coheed & Cambria does well and I still looking for a few more tunes to fit in.
Work is going well still. I'm getting a much better grasp of what goes on in the overall organization as opposed to just my business unit. Doesn't hurt I guess. Things work a lot different here than they would in Nebraska or Colorado, but I like some of the ideas and I've got a lot of respect for the people in charge. They're not just on autopilot doing their thing, they actually care.
I recently came up with my goals for 2008. (Not resolutions, dang it, and speaking of non-resolutions I'm at 312 days.)
Largest goal for 2008: Get married (or meet the woman)!
Nope, I'm not setting my sights high at all, but I've decided to be honest with myself. Of all the things in my life I feel would be most worth accomplishing next year, marriage is number one. I'm analytical and calculating and obsessed — and probably hurting my chances by blogging about it! (Great, now I have to make sure she doesn't read my blog until IT'S TOO LATE!)
The Dane offered me some good dating advise: lure them with anime. I tried it once, and I can't forget the horrors I experienced… the show featured a boy who would turn into a squirrel every time he got hugged. Horrible, horrible! Actually, I had fun on that date, but it wasn't going to work so instead I just made out with her, went home, and broke up with her over the phone the next time I talked to her.
So yeah. No more first/second dates with anime. I'm still recovering from the mental searing.
True story.
5 Responses to "Blazing Guitars"
1The Dane says:November 9th, 2007 at 12:03pm (Permalink)
Oh you cad.
Really though, I probably would advise avoiding gimics. They can work, but the risk that you'll get bit in the Fruits Basket is high enough that I'm not even sure that we can term it "risk."
As dumb as it sounds, the whole be yourself thing is pretty much the way to go. Unless you are prepared to remake yourself into a new you*. The problem with being yourself is that if you're already having trouble connecting with girls, that difficulty is likely to remain an obstacle. Not insurmountable, but an obstacle nonetheless. Still, the problems that come down the pike after luring with a gimic or trying to be a You that you just cannot sustain for the rest of your life is that you either become aggravated by the role you've taken (and that aggravation translates to an unhappy life) or the girl becomes aggravated when she discovers that she's been had and no matter how wonderful you actually are, you aren't the purchase she made.
*note: I did it and it worked out pretty well for me, but others might not have the personal liquidity necessary to survive such a lasting alteration of being.
2Erundur Anwamehtar says:November 9th, 2007 at 7:01pm (Permalink)
Well, I've been trying a new hairstyle and working slightly to improve Ye Olde Wardrobe. I don't know if that qualifies as a new me.
I know what you mean though about playing a role. I had a friend in college get burned trying to be Mr. Right for the wrong girl.
I am trying to be myself. The more confident version of myself. I'm a bad actor and couldn't pull off a new persona for very long without revealing who I really am.
3The Hermit says:November 9th, 2007 at 11:57pm (Permalink)
"personal liquidity"
That's awesome. That phrase brought a cascade of amusing/troubling analogies crossed my mind. Thank you for that, The Dane, I salute you.
Does said phrase have any history of which I should be aware or did you whip that zinger out all on your lonesome?
4Erundur Anwamehtar says:November 10th, 2007 at 12:19am (Permalink)
The Hermit — I'm glad you saw that quote. I was going to direct it to your attention if you missed it.
Now I'm trying to picture "a cascade of…troubling analogies." It's an interesting mental picture. Mostly, I'm coming up with thoughts of recent Questionable Content comic strips tossed about in waves.
5The Dane says:November 12th, 2007 at 3:06pm (Permalink)
The Hermit, there is no history associated with that phrase save for any invested in the last coupla days – seeing as how it's birthday was the 9th.
The Cad, I probably couldn't act that long either – which is why I chose my new identity carefully, became entirely subsumed by it, sloughing off the old like a pair of soiled jammies. In that way, the new identity really was my true identity and not an act or a lie. The old me was too passé and so I did away with it. And all it took was a little willpower.


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Cybersecurity Certificate of Completion - Graduate
Students seeking this certificate of completion will need to successfully complete:
(Click a course name below to view course details).
CIS 608 Information Security Management
This course addresses the issues relating to successful information security management. Topics include access control systems, network and software security, management practices, risk management, protection mechanisms, business continuity planning, and legal and ethical issues. The course allows for analysis of current security management models.
University Syllabus
In addition, students will select 9 credits (3 classes) from those below:
CIS 607 Computer Forensics
This course is designed as an overview of the investigative methods and tools associated with computer forensics. Topics include: processing crime and incident scenes, digital evidence controls, recovery of information, network forensics, data acquisition, and legal and ethical issues associated with investigations.
University Syllabus
CIS 610 Information Warfare
This course is designed as an overview of the fundamental processes associated with waging war in an electronic age. Topics include strategic planning and tactical analysis for target identification, reconnaissance, and tool selection. The intent of this course is to focus on individual, corporate and national forms of warfare.
University Syllabus
CIS 611 Cloud Computing
This course focuses on the architecture and security associated with cloud computing. Emphasis in placed on key drivers which lead to cloud computing adoption and issues associated with cloud computing governance. Additional topics will include infrastructure security, identity and access management, cloud services, data security and storage, and auditing and compliance. Prerequisites: Graduate Standing
University Syllabus
CYBR 515 Security Architecture and Design
This course provides an introduction to the fundamental components of security architecture. Topics include computer organization; hardware, software and firmware components; open and distributed systems; and protection mechanisms. Discussion also includes certification and accreditation; formal security models; and evaluation criteria. Assigned projects include designing a model secure system.
University Syllabus
CYBR 525 Ethical Hacking and Response
This course provides a technical study of offensive and defensive techniques for protecting cyber assets. Topics include security testing, risk mitigation techniques, and threat response. Discussion also includes penetration testing theory, techniques, and tools; network, systems, and application vulnerability scanning; risk analysis and response; and intrusion detection and response. Emphasis is placed on identification of system vulnerabilities and threats and techniques for preventing attacks.
University Syllabus
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New computers – Mac (Flash)
April 17th, 2011 by p1, Filed under: Apple, Commentary, Gadgets, OT
First off, I probably have to modify the perception that I may have left, in this series of postings, that I hate the Mac and everything it stands for. Not true. While I find the "Apple knows best" attitude frustrating at times (all right, many times), the MacBook Pro that I purchased is a nice machine in many ways. For one thing, it's the most powerful machine I've got at the moment. (Until I get the time to install the new desktop, anyway.) For another, it hibernates (or suspends, or sleeps, or whatever you want to call it) really well. I appreciate that ability to simply close the lid, and open it up, and all my stuff is still ready to go, within seconds. (This has been a particular frustration with the Asus netbook, which sometimes hibernates, and sometimes decides to think about it. Forever. Or, until I take the battery out, whichever comes first.) I like the ongoing and very accurate battery indicator (although I'll have more to say about that in another post).
It was the battery indicator that first alerted me to the issues with Flash. As one of my Mac resource helpers noted when I found this out, Flash may, single-handedly, be responsible for global warming. It is rather odd to pull up a YouTube video, or any other page with a high Flash content (news sites are particularly vile in this regard) and watch the battery life almost instantly cut in half (or drop even further). To get your battery life (well, most of it, anyway) back again, all you have to do is drop the offending Flash page.
The thing is, I've never noticed this before on my other laptops. Certainly Flash, on Windows, doesn't have anything like that same effect on the battery life. Yes, it's more of a drain, and, yes, you'll probably have to keep an eye on heating issues. But the battery life isn't half of what it was simply because of viewing videos.
Apple doesn't like Flash. The converse may also be true. Because, despite the Mac's much-vaunted prowess in multimedia areas, online video definitely seems to be a problem for it.
At home, we've recently been watching some TV programs via the Internet. (We've done this because, at home, I get Internet service from Shaw, which provides our cable TV, as well. And, they seem to be just as unreliable at providing the uninterrupted TV feed as they do at providing Internet service or help. So we've had to fall back on the Internet to catch up on shows we've missed while the cable was out.) Because of this, I've had a chance to do some comparison between a seven-year old Windows (XP) desktop machine, and a brand new MacBook Pro. The old Windows machine wins, hands down. We've watched streaming feeds of shows from the company Websites of CBC, GlobalTV, and Bravo, all at the standard presented resolution, and in the full-screen display. All of these sites use Flash. And the old (seven years old, remember) Windows machine, using Firefox, has won every round against the Mac, using Safari. The streaming is just as good (which is odd, considering the sheer age of the Windows box), but the Mac tends to lock up (or go random places) any time we use the controls to rewind, or pick up a missed segment.
To repeat what I started out with, the Mac is great in many areas. Viewing Twitter, even with the new (and heavily script-laden) interface, the Mac is very much faster, and Safari opens new windows and loads them quickly. Which I why I found the online video weakness to be so odd …


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Book your room at Playaballena SPA Hotel
Double RoomMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)
Double Room Single UseMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
4-star family-friendly hotel in Rota with a full-service spa
This family-friendly hotel is located by the sea, close to Costa Ballena Ocean Golf Club, Chipiona Fishing Corrales, and Shrine of Our Lady of Regla. Area attractions also include Playa de Regla and Moscatel Museum.
Hotel Features
In addition to a restaurant, Playaballena SPA Hotel features an outdoor pool. Other amenities include a full-service spa and a poolside bar.
Room Amenities
Guestrooms have wireless Internet access (surcharge), air conditioning, and climate control; rooms also include safes and minibars.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
At your hotel
At your hotel
In addition to a full-service spa, Playaballena SPA Hotel features an outdoor pool and a fitness center. The hotel offers a restaurant. Guests can unwind with a drink at one of the hotel's bars, which include a poolside bar and a bar/lounge. A complimentary breakfast is offered. High-speed wireless Internet access is available for a surcharge.
This 4-star property offers access to a business center. 2 meeting rooms are available. This family-friendly hotel also offers a children's pool, a rooftop terrace, and a children's club. For a surcharge, a roundtrip airport shuttle (available on request) is offered to guests. Onsite parking is available (surcharge).
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Turkish bath/Hammam
- Full-service spa
- Fitness facilities
- Number of floors - 3
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Free breakfast
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 324
- Bar/lounge
- Concierge services
- Conference space
- Elevator/lift
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Airport transportation
- Wireless Internet access - surcharge
- Business center
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Children's club
- Rooftop terrace
- Luggage storage
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Multilingual staff
- Garden
- Poolside bar
- Restaurant
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Shopping on site
- Children's pool
- Outdoor pool
Stay connected
Available in all rooms: Wireless Internet access (surcharge)
Available in some public areas: Wireless Internet access - surcharge
Park your car
Self parking (surcharge)
In your room
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- Room service (limited hours)
- Air conditioning
- Ceiling fan
- Phone
- Minibar
- Television
- In-room safe
- Desk
- Wireless Internet access (surcharge)
- Climate control
Eat and drink
Guests are offered a complimentary hot/cold buffet breakfast.
El Arpon - This restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
An outdoor pool and a children's pool are on site. Other recreational amenities include a fitness center.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Bicycle rentals nearby
Acquaplaya has massage/treatment rooms and couples treatment room(s). Services include massages, body wraps, body scrubs, and body treatments. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including aromatherapy and hydrotherapy. The spa is equipped with a sauna and Turkish bath/hammam.
Guests under 16 years old are not allowed in the spa.
- Hydrotherapy treatments
- Sauna in spa
- Massages
- Minimum age to access spa is 16
- Couples treatment rooms
- Body wraps
- Body scrubs
- Aromatherapy treatments
- Body treatments
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
The fine print for Playaballena SPA Hotel
When you arrive
Check-in time starts at noon
When you leave
Check-out time is noon
How you can pay
Your pets
Pets allowed, Maximum number of pets per room 1, Pet maximum weight in kg is 15
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Pet fee: EUR 12 per pet, per day
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2500, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation. This property offers transfers from the airport (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details before travel, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.


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ABI Certified Customs Broker
Logishouse is your full service customs broker, specializing in U.S. Customs Clearance, inbound Logistics from the port to your warehouse. We are based on the ports of San Francisco and Oakland, California. The founder is from China, and has an extended network of agents in China, Hongkong, Taiwan, Japan, India and other Asian countries. The founder is the licensed customs broker. The founder has more than 16 years experience on supply chain management and logistics optimization, and has been working on customs brokerage industry for multiple years and gained great experiences of working with US customs and government agencies.
Faced by ever increasing regulations, the importer needs the professional services which are designed to expedite your product and documents through the numerous compliance and security requirements of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and other governmental agencies. It is very important to hire someone who really knows how to work with US Customs and government agencies. More importantly, in Logishouse, you are working with the licensed brokers directly.
We are specialized on importing the textile, electronics, machinery, furniture, stone/ceramic product, metal product, book, art piece, and many other products, . If you are importing them from Asia to the west regions of Unite States, Logishouse is your perfect partner to help you to arrange the customs clearance and the inland transportation from the port to final destination.
Copyright © 2012 Logishouse, All Rights Reserved


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After a busy couple of week collecting news and tweaking designs, we are pleased to introduce the new COB newsletter for current students. It will be sent by email to business majors on the first Thursday of every month. You can view the newsletter in the News & Events section of the COB website.
We want this newsletter to be informative, interactive and fun. In addition to highlighting news from the COB and university website, the monthly publication will include the following special features:
People • Places • Things – a place to highlight interesting people (advisers, professors, award winners, scholarship recipients), places (study abroad programs, buildings, labs) or things (certifications, software, hardware, awards). Feel free to send us information for this section.
Student Organizations -- a section devoted just to business organization news. We will feature stories (and photos) about guest speakers, special events, competitions, and awards. Each month we will profile one student organization. We invite student organizations to send us their news.
New on the COB website -- a short summary of additions to the COB website.
40 Years of Excellence -- a collection of photos highlighting the college's past 40 years.
Mark Your Calendar -- a list of upcoming meetings/events. Click on an icon to add events to your Outlook calendar. We invite you to send us up coming events for this calendar.
Thumbs Up/Thumbs Down -- a quick, fun poll soliciting students' opinions on various topics. Feel free to send us a topic.
To kick off the newsletter, we are asking you to name it. You can select from four options or suggest your own. The new name will be unveiled in the October newsletter.
Submission information. Please email information and photos to Gretchen Hutterli by the last Thursday of the month.
Dr. Tomkovick Receives Teaching Excellence Award
Chancellor Levin-Stankevick Outlines Goals for the University
Dr. Selin Teaches Students the Value of Hard Work
Dr. Hannaford Credits Success to Innovative Teaching Style
Dr. Haugen Recalls Experience at UW-Eau Claire
Jue Yang Receives Prestigious Weinstein Scholarship
UW-Eau Claire College of Business
Schneider Hall 119 | Eau Claire, WI 54702-4004 | 715.836.6019 | FAX: 715.836.4014 | firstname.lastname@example.com
Information on these Web pages is subject to change without notice.
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Copyright © 1995-2011 UW-Eau Claire and the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System


text: 26. Overview of Project (RED): Reengineering Hospital Discharge Reducing Avoidable Hospital ReadmissionsText version of slide presentation. Overview of Project RED: Reengineering Hospital DischargeRED is a National Quality Forum (NQF) Safe PracticeRED can be delivered following 11 key components and using the After Hospital Care Plan (ACHP) toolRED can decrease hospital use: 30% overall reduction.Savings of $412 per patient.Success through elimination of barriers: Coordination and change are challenging.Providers must collaborate and work together.Using health information technology (IT) to implement RED could help— Improve delivery of care.Further improve cost savings and build the business case.Previous Slide Contents Next Slide Page last reviewed June 2009 Internet Citation: 26. Overview of Project (RED): Reengineering Hospital Discharge: Reducing Avoidable Hospital Readmissions. June 2009. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/hospital/red/readmissions/readslide26.html


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Government Finance: State Government
2011-2013 Legislatively Adopted Budgeted Expenditures
Oregon has a biennial budget. Budgets begin July 1 of odd-numbered years and continue for two years. Oregon law requires all state and local governments to balance their budgets. How does the state government's budget work? The state receives money from a variety of sources which are grouped into funds. These funds are known as the General Fund, the Lottery Fund, Other Funds and Federal Funds.
The total "Legislatively Approved Budget" for the 2011–13 biennium was $58.8 billion. This is 2.4 percent more than the 2009–11 total actual expenditures of $57.5 billion. The General and Lottery Funds portions of the 2011–13 budget amounted to $14.8 billion, which is $1.3 billion more than actual expenditures in 2009–11.
General Fund
The 2011–13 Legislatively Approved Budget included approximately $13.7 billion in the General Fund for a 23.3 percent share of the total budget. The General Fund is largely made up of personal and corporate income taxes collected by the Oregon Department of Revenue. The personal income tax makes up the largest share of General Fund revenue. It accounts for about 87 percent of projected revenue for 2011–13 as of the June 2012 quarterly revenue forecast. Corporate income taxes are about 6 percent of the total revenue amount. Other sources make up the remainder. The largest of these are the cigarette tax, estate tax and the liquor apportionment transfer.
General Fund appropriations provide funding to agencies that do not generate revenues, receive federal funds or generate sufficient other funds to support their approved programs. Agencies do not actually receive money from the General Fund. Instead, they expend against an appropriation from the General Fund that is established for general government purposes up to the amount approved in their budget bill. Because General Fund monies can be used for any public purpose and the amount of the General Fund is limited, competition for these monies is keen.
2011-13 General Fund and Lottery Funds
Budgeted Expenditures
In 1990, voters approved Ballot Measure 5. This reduced local property tax rates, which reduced local revenue and, in turn, shifted much of the responsibility for funding public schools to the state's General Fund. The 2011–13 Legislatively Approved Budget had $7.4 billion, or 50 percent, of the General and Lottery Funds being spent on education.
General Fund revenues for the 2011–13 biennium are expected to total $14 billion. There was no balance carried over from the prior biennium. As of June 2012, the revenue forecast was $200 million below the "Close of Session" forecast, bringing total resources to $13.8 billion. The updated projected ending balance for 2011–13 is $95 million.
Lottery Fund
The Lottery Fund derives from the sale of lottery game tickets and from Video Lottery. After prizes and lottery expenses are paid, revenue flows to the Economic Development Fund. A portion of the Lottery Fund is constitutionally dedicated to be spent in specific ways. The remainder is distributed at the discretion of the Legislature for economic development.
The 2011–13 Legislatively Approved Budget included $1.1 billion of expenditures from the Lottery Fund, which is about 1.8 percent of the total budget. Dedicated spending accounted for about 38 percent of that amount, and debt service accounted for another 24 percent. The remainder was distributed to the State School Fund and a variety of other projects. Overall, about 60 percent of the Lottery Fund is dedicated to education.
Other Funds
The 2011–13 Legislatively Approved Budget included $29.1 billion in Other Funds for a 49.5 percent share of the total budget. Other Funds revenue generally refers to money collected by agencies in return for services. Legislative actions may allow an agency to levy taxes, provide services for a fee, license individuals or otherwise earn revenues to pay for programs. These Other Funds are often separate and distinct from monies collected for general government purposes (General Fund), and they may be based on statutory language, federal mandate and legal requirements or for specific business reasons. Some funds are "dedicated" in that the income and disbursements are limited by the state's constitution or by another law (for example, the Highway Fund). Other Funds may not be moved from one major program to another. Consequently, competition for these monies is limited.
2011-2013 General Fund and Lottery Funds Expenditure
Federal Funds
The 2011–13 Legislatively Approved Budget included $14.9 billion in Federal Funds for a 25.4 percent share of the total budget. Federal Funds are monies received from the federal government. Federal Funds increased substantially in 2009–11 due to infusions of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act stimulus funds. As expected, these one-time funds decreased by $1.1 billion in the 2011–13 biennium. The Legislative Assembly may authorize receipt of Federal Funds for specific purposes. Federal Funds may be used to match General Fund dollars, used for specific programs, or passed through to local governments.
State Budget Process
Oregon state agencies develop biennial budgets according to instructions provided by the Department of Administrative Services, Budget and Management Division. This budget development process begins in even-numbered years, well before the Legislative Assembly convenes in January of the odd-numbered years. Agencies are required to prepare and submit their budget requests for review by the Budget and Management Division by September 1. These budget requests consist of narrative descriptions of agency programs, completed forms, and reports from the Oregon Budget Information and Tracking System (ORBITS).
Agencies begin by building a current program budget, which is the amount of money needed in the new biennium to continue all existing programs. An agency may request changes to this budget through policy packages, which describe the purpose and the amount needed. Agencies also must identify program reductions and performance targets. For their 2011–13 budget requests, agencies began in March 2010 and submitted their completed requests by September 2010. An agency's budget provides an outline of what an agency does, what it costs, and how many people are involved.
After they pass a review by the Governor's Office and the Budget and Management Division, the budget requests become part of the Governor's Recommended Budget. Because the governor has a legal obligation to submit a balanced budget for all of state government, the Governor's Recommended Budget includes the proposed budgets for the Legislative Assembly and the Judicial Department. However, because of separation of power principles, the governor's budget recommendations are advisory only for the other two branches. The governor presents the Recommended Budget to the Legislative Assembly when it convenes in January of odd-numbered years.
When the Legislative Assembly is in session, a subcommittee of the Joint Ways and Means Committee hears each agency's budget. At the budget hearings, an agency presents its budget request and answers questions asked by members of the committee. Staff members from the Legislative Fiscal Office and the Budget and Management Division are also present at the budget hearings. Members of the public may attend the hearings and request an opportunity to testify. At the end of an agency's budget hearings, the agency's budget goes to the full Ways and Means Committee for a vote and then on to the full House and Senate for a vote. The agency's budget may be amended at any point in this process, although changes typically occur during the subcommittee hearings. After passage by both houses, an agency's budget becomes its Legislatively Adopted Budget for the biennium, and it goes into effect July 1 of odd-numbered years. If the Legislature makes changes to the adopted budget in special sessions or through the Emergency Board, it becomes known as the "Legislatively Approved Budget."
2011-2013 General Fund Revenue Forecast - By Source
Kicker Provision
The Oregon Constitution requires the governor to provide an estimate of biennial General Fund revenues.
In 1979, the Legislature placed a condition on those revenue estimates that required excess funds to be "kicked back" to taxpayers if actual revenues exceeded estimated revenues by 2 percent or more.
For revenues from corporate income and excise taxes, the provision had required that the excess be returned to taxpayers who paid corporate income and excise taxes. However, this provision was amended in November 2012 by the citizen initiative process. Ballot Measure 85 requires that this excess be retained in the General Fund to provide additional funding for public education, kindergarten through twelfth grade. This measure is applicable to biennial estimates on or after July 1, 2013.
For General Fund revenues from all other sources where the actual revenues exceed the estimated revenues by 2 percent or more, the excess is "kicked back" to taxpayers who paid personal income tax. Ballot Measure 85 did not affect this provision. These taxpayers receive the refund by December 1 of the year the biennium ends, which is an odd-numbered year. The refund is an identical proportion of each taxpayer's personal income tax liability for the prior year.
During 2007–09, $1.1 billion was refunded to personal income tax payers; however, the Legislature required that $319.3 million be placed in the Oregon Rainy Day Fund rather than refunding that excess to corporate income and excise tax payers.
Rainy Day Fund and Education Stability Fund
Established in 2007, the Oregon Rainy Day Fund is essentially a savings account for state government. Withdrawals can be made only if at least one of three requirements is met: a decline in statewide employment, a projected budgetary shortfall, or declaration of a state of emergency plus a three-fifths vote of the members of both houses. Given the economic conditions in 2009 and 2010, the fund needed to be used. The fund balance is expected to be $61.7 million at the end of the current biennium.
The Education Stability Fund (ESF) was created through a constitutional amendment approved by voters in 2002. The ESF receives 18 percent of lottery earnings deposited on a quarterly basis. The ESF has similar triggers as the Rainy Day Fund. Just as the Rainy Day Fund had been drawn down during the last economic downturn, the ESF was used to balance budgets in the 2009–11 and 2011–13 biennia. Based on the June 2012 revenue forecast, the fund is projected to have a balance of $10.5 million at the end of the 2011–13 biennium.
State Spending Limit
The state spending limit was first enacted by the 1979 Legislative Assembly. It limited the growth of General Fund appropriations to the growth of personal income in Oregon. The 2001 Legislative Assembly replaced this spending limit with one tying appropriations for a biennium to personal income for that biennium. The appropriations subject to this limit may not exceed 8 percent of projected personal income for the same biennium. The 2003–05 Legislatively Adopted Budget authorized an expenditure limit of 7.6 percent of projected personal income for the biennium based on the May 2003 revenue forecast. The limit may be exceeded if the governor declares an emergency and three-fifths of the members of both houses vote to exceed it.


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To Bake the Best Holiday Cookies, Choose Jif®
Get expert baking advice and our top-rated peanut butter cookie recipes.Learn More
Welcome! Guest My Recipe Box Login Register
Pin holiday baking ideas from our Pinterest page, including Christmas cookies, festive treats, and more!>> Start Pinning
Dashing to and fro this holiday? Grab the perfect on-the-go snack.>> Learn More
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©/TM/® The J.M. Smucker Company
Pillsbury and the Barrelhead logo are trademarks of The Pillsbury Company, LLC, used under license.
Bake-Off is a registered trademark of General Mills © 2012.


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Pack info
- Pack created on: Jan. 5, 2008, 7:54 p.m.
- Number of sounds: 20
- Number of downloads: 140
See more packs by inchadney
Edinburgh to London by plane. The recording starts after boarding and ends with the plane up in the air. Soundman ...
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1 comment
Waiting for a flight to Glasgow at Heathrow Airport. Just a few minutes waiting in Terminal A. Inside microphones of ...
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Surprise! Surprise! I was in that park to record the birds, when this propeller-driven plane flew over. I didn´t see ...
June 14th, 2013
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Inside Terminal 1 at Heathrow airport 1. At least some announcements, given the airport feel. Inside microphones of Sony PCM-M10.
September 5th, 2012
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Short and snappy. A plane flying above some poplar trees. Olympus LS 10 recorder and EM172 microphones. I just did ...
August 20th, 2012
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The flight to Amsterdam. PCM D-50.
January 10th, 2012
27 downloads
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Recording of a propeller aircraft, maybe a Hercules, flying over a scottish glen in the middle of the night. MKH60 ...
October 25th, 2011
211 downloads
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A helicopter flying over. Primo EM172 microphones into R-09HR recorder.
August 14th, 2011
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A single engined plane flying over. Shure WL183 microphones, FEL preamp into Sony PCM-D50 recorder.
March 28th, 2011
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Liftoff of a Boeing 737, recorded inside the plane with an Olympus LS10 recorder.
March 20th, 2011
95 downloads
0 comments
A single engined plane passed near where I placed the recorder on a field. Sony PCM-D50 recorder.
September 27th, 2010
87 downloads
0 comments
Recorded in a forest north of Hildesheim near a local airport for small planes. Apart from the sounds of a ...
June 20th, 2010
83 downloads
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I couldn't see, if it was a plane or a helicopter, as I left my recordingdevice unattended, but I think ...
February 28th, 2010
47 downloads
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Rural bliss...then this helicopter landing on the field nearby, taking on a filmcrew and then all day the sounds from ...
July 6th, 2008
144 downloads
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Two helicopters flying over a backyard in town. Somehow disturbing, as the sound came suddenly, without much warning. iriver ihp-120 ...
March 19th, 2008
126 downloads
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Welcome to the Tuesday Super Post! I'm rethinking some of my picks, addressing some of the BIG ISSUES in this year's playoffs, AND hitting you with top notch video! It's good, it's so good. It's playoffs in May good!
Tag Archives | Juco
The JuCo Report: Playing Catch Up
It's been a couple of months since we've had any JuCo action here on LAS, but the weekly JuCo Report is back for the Spring! Top Ten polls, video, gear, team updates and more! The JuCo Report has it all.
Welcome to the Game: California JuCo Lacrosse Association
There is a brand new player in the Junior College lacrosse scene, and it's all the way out West in the great state of California! Let's welcome the California Junior College Lacrosse Association (CJCLA) to the game officially!
Full Title Game Video: Why Doesn't JuCo Get Any Love?
Onondaga Community College just won their fifth straight NJCAA title in men's lacrosse by topping Nassau CC 15-11 on Sunday. And yet, somehow, NO ONE in the media (outside of us) is really covering it!
Video: OCC Beats Nassau For 5th Straight JuCo Title
Onondaga Community College and Nassau Community College absolutely went at it yesterday out on Long Island for the NJCAA Men's Lacrosse national championship. OCC ended up with the 15-11 win, and their fifth straight title, and we were roundly impressed with the talent on both teams.
Reader Poll: Who Will Be The JuCo Champ?
It's officially tournament time for everyone and we couldn't be more excited. For the next four weeks, we are dedicating our Reader Poll to all the college lacrosse tournaments. Here's how things will break down… 5.6 (TODAY!) – NJCAA – 4 Teams 5.13 – MCLA D1 – 8-16 Teams 5.20 – NCAA D3 – 8 […]
Program At A Crossroads: Herkimer CC Lacrosse
For what seemed like forever, Herkimer Community College was THE team in Junior College lacrosse. But in recent years, the program has seen a drop. We investigate what has happened to the Generals' program.
ASA College Of New York City Adds A JUCO Lacrosse Team!
Grow The Game of Lacrosse in New York City! That's just what ASA College of New York City is doing! They've added a Juco team with scholarships and a FULL TIME coach. That's the right kind of dedication to GTG!


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Game master Can Bring Dump-Free Centres
Game master most recently said it has 100th garbage dump-free feature â elements syndication focal point on the inside Lansing, Mich. It is just a motorola milestone phone while in the home businessâs recurring waste-diminishing attention.
Gm agreed many people first relieve waste soon after give attention to taking and / or reuse. At 2011, the idea recycled and also reused 2.6 million metric oodles at the this is places world wide. That has become such as compared to 38 million within the nba hand bags. Or It May Be, greater monthâs valuation on litter for each homeowner at The Big Apple. acrylic display sign
âParticularly dump-free procedure is constantly on the emphasize this small basically initiating efficiencies, making money and as well as electrifying originality combined with cures produced from reused subject material,â considered that Trent Robinson, Game master vice president as to Sustainability and additionally World regulating affairs. âThis Toolâs a particular mission assignment whoâs mentioned in the sector events. All Of You with this plays a part in its definitely fortune.â nilfisk industrial vacuum
Game master commenced administering it's actually fritter away 15 rice, and now functions refine the truck cover's recycling where possible just about every year. Almost all an universal features united â consisting of garbage dump-free facilities and all other programs â sell on the other hand recycling a 90 percentage points via the excrement in which generate. Plastic Furniture
âThe actual most Game masterâs tips for very good is definitely his or her cultivation associated with quality provider concerning makers purchased recycling cloth together with keeping all of them with active,â rumoured Gary Hellem, professional representative related to Dealers Relationship for the Earth, virtually any site when car makers, dealers as well as You.S. Epa. âHis Or core generally provides discussions, attaches sellers and also also features impressive recycle items for others.â
Along with the nation's suppliers, Game master recycles refuse cardboard boxes due to various leaves inside sound absorber within the Buick Lacrosse or Verano home top. Air deflectors over the Chevy Silverado not to mention GMC Sierra trucks are created by way of applied added wheels through automakerâs proving place. Gm on the regular basis offers the actual recycling guidelines now with insurance companies however shapes and sizes combined with companies.
Included in the first durability history as being a fresh new company, Game master picked up approach 25 extra dump-free services minimizing total waste debris times another 10 zero per cent and also by 2020. Following 1997, the corporate is carrying little total misuse basically in the least 43 per.
Near 2011, Game master decrease total rubbish resulted in each motor car a 5 per near it has the modern world constructing places. Their Particular trying to recycle and / or recycling struggles last year held back 10 million metric tons of CO2-equivalent wastes. Gmâs dump-free roster comprise of over fifty percent from the global formulating vegetation.
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Can you generate bioidentical hormones any other way besides applying cream to your body every day?
- Q: Can you generate bioidentical hormones any other way besides applying cream to your body every day?
- A: There are also products such as Premarin, Prempro, and Provera. You may also find helpful information on Prempro and Premarin at http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/prempro and http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/premarin. Matt Curley, PharmD
Related Questions
- Q: What can I use for the treatment of acne?
- Q: What is the best medicine for pimples and face scars?
- Q: Is it dangerous to take the pill at a different time on some days?
- Q: Can you get pregnant while taking Alesse? How long does this medication stay in the system?
- Q: What is the best time to take my medications?
If this answer isn't what you were looking for, then ask a question of your own:
Search Questions and Answers
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Recent Drug Ratings
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La Vecchia Dispensa Condime - 250ml
Country of Origin: Italy
Region: Emilia-Romagna
City / Village: Modena
Made from both wine vinegar and cider vinegar and aged in oak casks. This vinegar has a rich sweetness to its bright acidity.
About La Vecchia Dispensa:
From Castelvetro, Modena, Roberta Pelloni and her husband Marino are not only the owners of a popular restaurant in town, they are also the passion and the expertise behind the precious bottles of Balsamic vinegar they produce in an old building near the Piazza della Dama. By fermenting the must of Trebbiano grapes in barrels of costly woods Roberta is able the give us the agridolce (sweet and sour) taste and very pronounced fruits flavors such as prune and sour cherry in their vinegars. The name Vecchia Dispensa is a reference to an old style pantry traditionally used to store the fruits of summer's warmth in order to survive the cold winter. We can't imagine being without her balsamic vinegars and condiments any time of the year!
Produced By: La Vecchia Dispensa
View All Products from La Vecchia Dispensa
La Vecchia Dispensa Condime - 250ml
Product ID: 00836
|$15.95 x


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Browsing From the US?
QBookshop Worldwide
May 7,2012
With demand for goat meat driving a market boom in this country, a few farmers are getting in the goat business and trying the meat for themselves. The Meat Goat Handbook, by Yvonne Zweede-Tucker, aims to help producers get into the business. Learn More.
January 12,2012
Walter Foster Publishing, the world's leading art instruction publisher, and MEDL Mobile, a leader in mobile development, have partnered to create a new drawing experience for creative children. "Kids! Learn to Draw by Walter Foster" teaches budding artists how to draw an engaging array of subjects using step-by-step guides and the touch of a finger. Learn More.
November 4,2011
The Art of the Formula 1 Race Car wins award! Learn More.
Craft crazy?
We've launched a brand new twitter feed for UK craft lovers. Follow CraftsideUK for all the latest craft news, as well as some great special offers on our huge range of craft titles.
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I am a member of the Department of Management and Accountancy at the University of North Carolina at Asheville. I teach courses in management information systems, change leadership and management science.
Prior to joining the Department of Management and Accountancy, I was in the Computer Science Dept. at UNCA for 18 years. I have taught courses in various programming languages, research methods, analysis and design methodologies, microcomputer applications, management issues, and object-oriented technology.
I am the project manager for the UNC Asheville Quality Enhancement Plan so I teaching only two courses in the Fall 2011 semester:
My areas of research are:
More about me:
Some of my favorite patterns web sites:
Writing patterns:
Studying patterns:


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We are extremely proud of our Alfred J. Anton Scholarship Program! Through this program we strive to provide four to five annual scholarships of $1,000.00 to deserving students. The students may attend F.A.M.U., F.S.U. or T.C.C. and share our love of acapella music.
Participation in our meetings and performances is a requirement. Students receiving these scholarships may come from any discipline. In addition to the scholarships the chapter pays the costs of membership, uniforms and any activities such as retreats, District and Regional Competitions, etc.
For more information about the Scholarships and Student Memberships, please contact us through the "Contact Us" page.


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Get the latest news from the Rovers delivered for FREE to your inbox.
Tom Brown
08 Dec 2014
Punished for our mistakes
Under-18s coach Brian Carey was left to rue sloppy starts to both halves as Rovers crashed out of the FA Youth Cup at the hands of Tottenham Hotspur on Monday evening.
08 Dec 2014
Lads suffer cup heartache
Rovers' Under-18s tasted cup disappointment as they went out of the FA Youth Cup at the hands of Tottenham Hotspur.
08 Dec 2014
FA Youth Cup Latest:...
Live updates from Victoria Road as Rovers take on Tottenham Hotspur in the third round of the FA Youth Cup...
08 Dec 2014
A cup-tie to relish
Academy coach Brian Carey hopes Rovers' Under-18s grasp the opportunity to perform on the big stage when they face Tottenham Hotspur in the 3rd round of the FA Youth Cup this evening.
02 Dec 2014
Man City u18s 2 Rovers...
Rovers Under-18s showed excellent battling qualities to earn a share of the points away at Manchester City on Saturday.
28 Nov 2014
Academy match to move
Rovers' Under-18s league match against Derby County next month will need a new date.
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I live here now since 2010 and I can speak Swedish language fluently. Happy is an understated word. My next goal is to conquer Mandarin, German and Spanish languages.
sab's Life List
1. Learn Japanese
1 cheer
10,794 people
2. Speak French fluently
2 cheers
2,308 people
3. write a book
31,381 people
4. Give away a bunch of clothes I've been meaning to give away for a long time
1 cheer
143 people
5. see her when i wake up..
1 entry . 2 cheers
2 people
6. pass biology
33 people
7. Finish my website
990 people
8. be a vegetarian for a week
2 cheers
289 people
9. be better at math
189 people
10. Lose weight and maintain it
8 people
11. own a business
432 people
12. Live and Work Abroad
58 people
13. Learn Swiss German
1 cheer
45 people
14. Live in Switzerland
65 people
15. learn more about Islam
1 cheer
70 people
How I did it: I moved to another country, learned a new language in a whole different culture. I needed to save money and improve my life quality overall. So I get rid of smoking because it is obviously unbeneficial. Read how I did it…
How I did it: By applying for a residence visa at the Embassy of Sweden ;) Which took me quite little time surprisingly. So far many people said that I have been quite lucky in achieving this. Don't believe all the negative articles you read on the internet. Go ahead and do it! Read how I did it…
For my sister's wedding. =) And my cousin's wedding too! I made a lovely maid of honor at both weddings. Everyone said so! =D
His name is Kecik (means small in Malay). When he was still a kitten, we thought he couldn't live another day; he had no mother. But he was so strong and he still lives with us until today.


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Hamilton, Bigham, Walsh Lead Chatham Girls X-Country at Bernie Magee Class Meet
Saturday, September 21, 2013 • 11:45pm
Content Options
ELIZABETH, NJ - Julie Hamilton won her second individual medal of the season, running 14:08, and Abbie Bigham was right behind her placing second in 14:19, as the Chatham freshmen took gold for the second time this season at the Bernie Magee Class Meet held on Saturday at Warinanco Park.
Sarah Abbott (11th place in 14:39), Maggie Schneider (18th place in 14:55), and Allison Green (39th place in 15:38) helped seal the freshmen victory in the 3600-meter race.
In the race that included more than 200 girls, the Chatham freshman had 51 points, more than 30 points better than their next competitor.
The Chatham junior girls placed fourth in a field of 27 teams in their 5250-meter race. Their average time was 21:42. The three scoring runners were Laura Walsh (9th place in 20:53), Katie Steffens (30th place in 22:00) and Margot Cosgrove (34th place in 22:15).


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Studio Director
Karen Then, your Studio Director has always had a strong interest in yoga and been an enthusiastic and passionate yogini and practitioner in all styles of yoga for a decade before she discovered Bikram Yoga in 2004 whilst she was working in Sydney, NSW Australia.
Back then, she was still working extensively long hours in the corporate world as a Corporate Tax Manager in a US multinational corporation. She had chronic back and neck pain that never really went away due to long hours at the office and a car accident that happened in 2000. Although she was passionate about her job, she discovered very quickly a new-found passion in the practice of Bikram yoga. The back and neck pain eventually disappeared with regular bikram yoga practice and never came back. Before discovering Bikram Yoga, Karen also had an overactive thyroid which was treated with radioactive iodine treatment in 2002. Since then, aside from taking her very low dosage of thyroid hormone, she credits her practice of yoga in enabling her thyroid gland to be regulated and symptoms to be kept at bay
Karen is a Yoga Australia accredited teacher, certified Bikram Teacher, Kids and Power Vinyasa teacher. She embarked on a life changing journey studying and learning from prominent teachers around the world. Karen completed her Bikram Yoga Teacher Training in 2007 in USA and continues to grow as a student and teacher.
Karen is passionately involved in bringing together yogis and yoginis for yoga related community events to make a difference for charitable causes and also strengthen the bonds within the close-knit Perth yoga community. She was also the Lululemon Perth City Store 2012 Ambassador & Yoga Aid Challenge Perth 2012 Ambassador.


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Order up to 20 Somethings at Once
We have increased the number of items you can order at once to 20 somethings (in the United States) per customer demand. Each item will be different, packed separately in invisible boxes or poly bags, so contents will not be revealed until each item is opened. You can, of course, order as many items as you'd like. If you're ordering more than 20, please contact us and we will send you a convenient email invoice.
Guaranteed Fun, Guaranteed Value
We are continuing to improve the quality of items in our inventory and are now happy offer a value guarantee. Simply, each something will have over $10 in value (MSRP or list price) or we will refund the difference. So, order today.
Christmas Shipping Cutt-off Times
In order to ensure delivery by December 25th, please order by:
In United States: December 20
In Canada: December 10
Other Countries: December 5
Happy Holidays!


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Definitions for streakstrik
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word streak
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
a long, narrow mark, smear, band of color, or the like.
a vein; stratum:
streaks of fat in meat.
a slight ingredient; trace:
a streak of humor.
a spell; run: an uninterrupted series:
a streak of good luck.
a losing streak of ten games.
Category: Common Vocabulary
a flash leaving a visible line or aftereffect, as of lightning; bolt.
the color of the powder obtained by rubbing certain minerals on an unglazed ceramic surface: used in mineral identification.
Category: Mineralogy
(v.t.)to mark with streaks; form streaks on.
to lighten or color (strands of hair).
Category: Common Vocabulary
to spread in streaks.
(v.i.)to become streaked.
to run, go, or work rapidly.
to make a sudden dash in public while naked, esp. as a prank.
Category: Common Vocabulary
Origin of streak:
bef. 1000; (n.) ME streke, akin to strike, OE strica stroke, line, mark
Princeton's WordNet
streak, run(noun)
an unbroken series of events
"had a streak of bad luck"; "Nicklaus had a run of birdies"
a distinctive characteristic
"he has a stubborn streak"; "a streak of wildness"
stripe, streak, bar(noun)
a narrow marking of a different color or texture from the background
"a green toad with small black stripes or bars"; "may the Stars and Stripes forever wave"
a sudden flash (as of lightning)
move quickly in a straight line
"The plane streaked across the sky"
run naked in a public place
mottle, streak, blotch(verb)
mark with spots or blotches of different color or shades of color as if stained
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
a long thin line of sth that is a different color from what surrounds it
a streak of gray in her black hair; pink streaks in the evening sky
a series of successes or failures
The team is on a seven-game winning/losing streak.
a noticeable personal characteristic
She has a stubborn/competitive streak.
to move somewhere very quickly
A military jet streaked across the sky.
to make streaks on sth
Rain streaked the windows.
An irregular line left from smearing or motion.
The picture I took out the car window had streaks.
A continuous series of like events.
The color of the powder of a mineral. So called, because a simple field test for a mineral is to streak it against unglazed white porcelain.
A moth of the family Geometridae Chesias legatella (see w:Streak (moth)).
A tendency or characteristic, but not a dominant or pervasive one.
She's a quiet, bookish person, but she has a rebellious streak.
to have or obtain streaks.
If you clean a window in direct sunlight, it will streak.
to run naked in public
It was a pleasant game until some guy went streaking across the field.
to create streaks
You will streak a window by cleaning it in direct sunlight.
To move very swiftly.
Webster Dictionary
to stretch; to extend; hence, to lay out, as a dead body
a line or long mark of a different color from the ground; a stripe; a vein
a strake
the fine powder or mark yielded by a mineral when scratched or rubbed against a harder surface, the color of which is sometimes a distinguishing character
the rung or round of a ladder
to form streaks or stripes in or on; to stripe; to variegate with lines of a different color, or of different colors
with it as an object: To run swiftly
The streak of a mineral is the color of the powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. Unlike the apparent color of a mineral, which for most minerals can vary considerably, the trail of finely ground powder generally has a more consistent characteristic color, and is thus an important diagnostic tool in mineral identification. If no streak seems to be made, the mineral's streak is said to be white or colorless. Streak is particularly important as a diagnostic for opaque and colored materials. It is less useful for silicate minerals, most of which have a white streak and are too hard to powder easily. The apparent color can vary widely because of trace impurities or a disturbed macroscopic crystal structure. Small amounts of an impurity that strongly absorbs a particular wavelength can radically change the wavelengths of light that are reflected by the specimen, and thus change the apparent color. However, when the specimen is dragged to produce a streak, it is broken into randomly oriented microscopic crystals, and small impurities do not greatly affect the absorption of light. The surface across which the mineral is dragged is called a "streak plate," and is generally made of unglazed porcelain tile. In the absence of a streak plate, the unglazed underside of a porcelain bowl or vase or the back of a glazed tile will work. Sometimes a streak is more easily or accurately described by comparing it with the "streak" made by another streak plate.
Streak was born out of the frustration of constantly having to switch between their inbox (where they do their work) and separate systems. Their goal is to take the work out of managing the processes you do everyday.
Anagrams of streak
Translations for streak
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
a long, irregular mark or stripe
There was a streak of blood on her cheek; a streak of lightning.
- streep, merk, slagAfrikaans
- شَريط، خَطArabic
- драскотинаBulgarian
- riscaPortuguese (BR)
- proužek, šmouha, čára (blesku)Czech
- der Streif(en)German
- stribeDanish
- γραμμή, λωρίδαGreek
- raya, veta, filónSpanish
- triip, vöötEstonian
- رگهFarsi
- viiruFinnish
- filetFrench
- פַּסHebrew
- धारीHindi
- žica, prugaCroatian
- csíkHungarian
- goresanIndonesian
- lína, rák, strikIcelandic
- striatura, strisciaItalian
- 筋Japanese
- 줄무늬, 선Korean
- brūkšnys, ruožasLithuanian
- svītraLatvian
- jalur-jalurMalay
- streepDutch
- stripe, strekNorwegian
- smugaPolish
- رگهPersian
- لیکهPashto
- riscaPortuguese
- dungăRomanian
- полоска; вспышкаRussian
- pás(ik); čiaraSlovak
- progaSlovenian
- prugaSerbian
- strimma, streckSwedish
- ริ้วลายThai
- çizgi, şeritTurkish
- 條紋Chinese (Trad.)
- подряпина; смужкаUkrainian
- دھاریUrdu
- đường, sọc, vệtVietnamese
- 条纹Chinese (Simp.)
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"streak." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 20 Dec. 2014. <http://www.definitions.net/definition/streak>.