text:
Malibu Media LLC v. Does 1-14
Filing 44
OPINION AND ORDER DENYING 24 Motion to Sever for Misjoinder, MOTION to Quash Plaintiff's Subpoena by Defendant John Doe 12. Signed by Magistrate Judge Roger B Cosbey on 12/10/2012. (lns)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA FORT WAYNE DIVISION MALIBU MEDIA, LLC, ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Plaintiff, v. JOHN DOES 1-14, Defendants. CAUSE NO. 1:12-CV-263 OPINION AND ORDER I. INTRODUCTION This copyright infringement action is before the Court on Defendant John Doe No. 12's Motion to Dismiss or Sever for Misjoinder and Motion to Quash Plaintiff's Subpoena. (Docket # 24.) Plaintiff Malibu Media, LLC, responded to the motion (Docket # 38), but Doe No. 12 did not file a reply, and the time to do so has since passed. As such, the motion is now ripe for ruling. For the following reasons, the portions of the motion seeking to sever Doe No. 12 and quash the subpoena will be DENIED.1 II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND Plaintiff Malibu Media, LLC, a producer of adult entertainment content, owns the copyright for a motion picture entitled "Romantic Memories." (Compl. ¶ 11; Pl.'s Mem. in Opp. to John Doe 12's Sealed Mot. to Dismiss or Sever for Misjoinder & Sealed Mot. to Quash Pl.'s Subpoena ("Pl.'s Mem. in Opp.") 1.) Plaintiff alleges that each of the Doe Defendants 1 The Court does not address the portion of the motion seeking to dismiss Doe No. 12. Doe No. 12, who is proceeding pro se, should note that Local Rule 7-1(a) provides that generally motions must be filed separately. N.D. Ind. L.R. 7-1(a). Accordingly, he should have filed a separate motion to sever and a separate motion to quash. 1 unlawfully downloaded and shared this copyrighted work using the BitTorrent file sharing protocol. (See Compl. ¶¶ 10, 33.) According to the Complaint, BitTorrent is one of the most common peer-to-peer file sharing protocols used for distributing large amounts of data. (Compl. ¶ 14.) It is able to distribute a large file without creating a heavy load on the source computer and network by allowing users to join a "swarm" of host computers to download and upload from each other simultaneously. (Compl. ¶ 15.) Plaintiff retained computer investigators to identify the Internet Protocol ("IP") addresses associated with the people using the BitTorrent protocol to reproduce or distribute its copyrighted works, including "Romantic Memories," which was identified by a "Unique Hash Number." (Compl. ¶ 36; see Compl.¶¶ 38-39.) The investigation revealed that the 14 IP addresses attached as Exhibit A to the Complaint had copied a piece of "Romantic Memories," as identified by its Unique Hash Number. (Compl. ¶¶ 38-39; see Compl. Ex. A.) The individuals using these 14 IP addresses engaged in these transactions on different dates or times between May 22, 2012, and June 23, 2012. (See Compl. Ex. A.) But Plaintiff maintains that each Defendant was part of the same series of transactions (Compl. ¶ 39(B)), stating that "each Defendant peer member participated in the same swarm and directly interacted and communicated with other members of that swarm through digital handshakes, the passing along of computer instructions, uploading and downloading, and by other types of transmissions" (Compl. ¶ 33). As such, on July 30, 2012, Plaintiff brought a single copyright infringement suit against all 14 Doe Defendants, alleging that each Defendant was jointly and severally liable for the infringing activities of each of the other Defendants; that the infringement was part of a series of 2 transactions, involving the exact same torrent file of the copyrighted work, and was accomplished by Defendants acting in concert with each other; and that there were common questions of law and fact. (Compl. ¶ 10.) Because the Defendants were only known by their IP addresses, Plaintiff—after receiving leave from this Court to do so (Docket # 5, 6)—served third party subpoenas on the Internet Service Providers ("ISPs") (Comcast and Embarq) that assigned these IP addresses to discover the name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, and Media Access Control address of the Defendant associated with each IP address (see Docket # 32, 33). Doe No. 12 subsequently moved, in the same motion, to be dismissed or severed from the case for misjoinder and to quash the subpoena to the ISP that references him. (Docket # 24.) III. THE MOTION TO QUASH Although Plaintiff has issued two subpoenas in this case, one directed to Comcast Corporation and a second directed to Embarq Corporation, Doe No. 12 moves to quash only the one referencing him, which is the subpoena directed to Comcast seeking the subscriber information of Does No. 1-13 (see Docket # 12-1). A. Standard Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45(a) permits the issuance of subpoenas to produce documents and other tangible things in the custody or control of a person. Richter v. Mut. of Omaha Ins. Co., No. 06-Misc.-011, 2006 WL 1277906, at *2 (E.D. Wis. May 5, 2006); see Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(a). Under Rule 45, a court must quash or modify a subpoena if it fails to allow a reasonable time to comply; requires a person who is neither a party nor a party's officer to travel more than 100 miles; requires disclosure of privileged or other protected matter, if no exception or waiver applies; or subjects a person to undue burden. Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(c)(3)(A)(i)-(iv). 3 Furthermore, to protect a person subject to or affected by a subpoena, a court may quash a subpoena if it requires disclosure of a trade secret or other confidential information, disclosure of an unretained expert's opinion, or a person who is neither a party nor a party's officer to incur substantial expenses to travel more than 100 miles to attend trial. Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(c)(3)(B)(i)(iii). The party seeking to quash a subpoena under Rule 45(c)(3)(A) bears the burden of demonstrating that the information sought is privileged or subjects a person to an undue burden. Illiana Surgery & Med. Ctr. LLC v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., No. 2:07 cv 3, 2012 WL 776694, at *3 (N.D. Ind. Mar. 7, 2012) (citation omitted); see Pettit v. City of Columbus, No. 104CV1464JDTTAB, 2005 WL 2218373, at *1 (S.D. Ind. Sept. 9, 2005); Jones v. Hirschfield, 219 F.R.D. 71, 74-75 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) ("The burden of persuasion in a motion to quash a subpoena . . . is borne by the movant."); Wahuchop v. Domino's Pizza, Inc., 138 F.R.D. 539, 543 (N.D. Ind. 1991). As with other discovery issues, deciding whether to grant a motion to quash lies within the sound discretion of the district court. Sullivan v. Gurtner Plumbing, Inc., No. 11cv-6261, 2012 WL 896159, at *1 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 13, 2012) (citing United States v. Ashman, 979 F.2d 469, 495 (7th Cir. 1992)). B. Standing Although Plaintiff does not raise the issue, the Court will briefly address Doe No. 12's standing to quash a subpoena to Comcast, a third party to this action. As a general rule, "a party lacks standing to quash a subpoena issued to a nonparty unless the party has a claim of privilege attached to the information sought or unless it implicates a party's privacy interests." Hard Drive Prods. v. Does 1-48, No. 11 CV 9062, 2012 WL 2196038, at *3 (N.D. Ill. June 14, 2012); 4 see Brady v. Cent. Ind. Reg'l Blood Ctr. Inc., No. 1:99-MC-19, 1999 WL 33912610, at *1 (N.D. Ind. Oct. 6, 1999) (citations omitted); see also United States v. Raineri, 670 F.2d 702, 712 (7th Cir. 1982) ("A party has standing to move to quash a subpoena addressed to another if the subpoena infringes upon the movant's legitimate interests."). As such, in similar cases, courts have found that a Doe defendant accused of copyright infringement has standing to object to a subpoena issued to ISPs, even where the movant's privacy interest is "minimal at best." Sunlust Pictures, LLC v. Does 1-75, No. 12 C 1546, 2012 WL 3717768, at *2 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 27, 2012) (quoting Malibu Media, LLC v. Does 1-25, No. 12-cv-0362-LAB (DHB), 2012 WL 2367555, at *2 (S.D. Cal. June 21, 2012)); see Third Degree Films, Inc. v. Does 1-2010, No. 4:11 MC 2, 2011 WL 4759283, at *5 (N.D. Ind. Oct. 6, 2011) (finding that a Doe defendant had standing to assert his privacy interest in the information requested from the ISP). Here, because Doe No. 12 "has at least a minimal privacy interest in the information requested by the subpoena, he has standing to object." Sunlust Pictures, 2012 WL 3717768, at *2; see Third Degree Films, Inc. v. Does 1-108, No. DKC 11-3007, 2012 WL 669055, at *2 (D. Md. Feb. 28, 2012) ("[H]owever minimal or 'exceedingly small' the Doe Defendants' interests here are, parties need only have 'some personal right or privilege in the information sought' to have standing to challenge a subpoena to a third party."). C. Analysis Having determined that Doe No. 12 has standing to challenge the subpoena directed to Comcast, the Court turns to his arguments in favor of quashing that subpoena. Doe No. 12 first argues that "Plaintiff ignores the fact that 'IP subscribers are not necessarily copyright infringers'" because the infringer could be someone in the subscriber's household, a visitor, a 5 neighbor, or even someone parked on the street. (John Doe 12's Sealed Mot. to Dismiss or Sever for Misjoinder & Sealed Mot. to Quash Pl.'s Subpoena ("Mot. to Dismiss or Sever & Quash") 12 (quoting VPR Internationale v. Does 1-1017, No. 11-2068, 2011 WL 8179128, at *1 (C.D. Ill. Apr. 29, 2011).) Doe No. 12 further states earlier on in his motion that, after receiving notice of Plaintiff's subpoena from his ISP, he discovered that his wireless network was not locked, allowing any individual with an electronic device capable of establishing an internet connection to gain access to his network. (Mot. to Dismiss or Sever & Quash 2.) But these arguments essentially amount to a denial of liability, which "is not relevant as to the validity or enforceability of a subpoena, but rather should be presented and contested once parties are brought properly into the suit." Hard Drive Prods., 2012 WL 2196038, at *4; accord First Time Videos, LLC v. Does 1-18, No. 4-11-cv-69-SEB-WGH, 2011 WL 4079177, at *2 (S.D. Ind. Sept. 13, 2011) (quoting First Time Videos v. Does 1-500, 276 F.R.D. 241, 251 (N.D. Ill. 2011)). Furthermore, such objections to the subpoena based on the possibility that Doe No. 12's IP address may have been used by someone else to violate the copyright are likewise "irrelevant and premature because they go to the merits of Plaintiff's claims and do not address the propriety vel non of the subpoenas." Third Degree Films, Inc., 2011 WL 4759283, at *5 (quoting West Coast Prods., Inc. v. Does 1-5829, 275 F.R.D. 9, 13 (D.D.C. 2011)). And it is Doe No. 12, not Plaintiff, who bears the burden of establishing that the subpoena falls within the Rule 45 criteria for quashing a subpoena. Hard Drive. Prods., 2012 WL 2196038, at *5 (citation omitted). A denial of liability is simply not among those criteria. Id. (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(c)(3)(A)). Furthermore, the case that Doe No. 12 relies on to support this argument, VPR 6 Internationale, 2011 WL 8179128, is easily distinguishable from the present circumstances. The plaintiff in VPR Internationale sought to commence a class action against all persons everywhere who used the BitTorrent protocol to infringe any of its copyrighted motion pictures and identified 1,017 IP addresses that allegedly did so. Patrick Collins, Inc. v. John Does 1-9, No. 12-CV-3161, 2012 WL 4321718, at *4 (C.D. Ill. Sept. 18, 2012) (construing VPR Internationale, 2011 WL 8179128, at *1-2). Unlike Plaintiff here, VPR Internationale did not allege that any of the 1,017 IP addresses had been used to upload or download the same unique copy of one of its copyrighted works or identify even one IP address that had been used within the district to infringe one of its copyrights. Id. Rather than engaging in such a fishing expedition, Plaintiff here has identified only 14 infringing IP addresses, all of which were used to download and upload the same unique copy of one copyrighted work from within this District. Id. Therefore, Doe No. 12's reliance on VPR Internationale does not strengthen his first argument for quashing the subpoena. Doe No. 12 next argues that "the request burdens a third party ISP with a request for information about an act that may or may not be actionable against Doe 12." (Mot. to Dismiss or Sever & Quash 13.) But Rule 45 only requires a court to quash a subpoena when it subjects a person to an undue burden. Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(c)(3)(A)(iv). Doe No. 12 makes no argument that the subpoena issued to Comcast imposes such an undue burden on it. And any argument that this subpoena imposes an undue burden on Doe No. 12 fails because, as courts have consistently recognized, a subpoena directed at an ISP does not require the defendant to produce anything. See, e.g., Sunlust Pictures, 2012 WL 3717768, at *2 ("The subpoena does not impose an undue burden on Doe because he is not the party directed to respond to it."); First Time Videos, 2011 7 WL 4079177, at *1 ("[T]he issuance of a subpoena to the Internet Service Provider of putative defendants does not create an undue burden on the putative defendants because they are not required to produce anything."); see also Third Degree Films, 2011 WL 4759283, at *5 (citing First Time Videos, 276 F.R.D. at 250; Voltage Pictures, LLC v. Does 1-5,000, 818 F. Supp. 2d 28, 36 (D.D.C. 2011)) (holding that "[a] Doe defendant lacks standing to quash a subpoena on the ground of undue burden when the subpoena is directed to the ISP rather than to him" because the subpoena requires the ISP, and not the Doe Defendant, to produce information). Doe No. 12 further contends that, pursuant to the "Business Model" employed by Plaintiff and other producers of adult entertainment in similar cases, "any release of information to the Plaintiff will undoubtedly lead to a flurry of demand letters sent to all of the John Doe Defendants" with the purported aim of harassing the alleged infringers into a quick settlement. (Mot. to Dismiss or Sever & Quash 13-14.) Plaintiff responds that it has never issued demand letters to any defendant in any case and that Doe No. 12 mischaracterizes its purpose for engaging in settlement activities. (Pl.'s Mem. in Opp. 14.) As one district court within this Circuit has recognized, "[o]ne person's cottage industry in harassing lawsuits is another person's vigilant defense of property rights. The Work may or may not be pornographic, but [Plaintiff] has alleged that it owns the copyright to the Work and, if so, is entitled to the same protections as the owners of any other copyrighted work." Patrick Collins, 2012 WL 4321718, at *5. And that Plaintiff, and other producers of similar adult entertainment, may settle these suits quickly does not indicate any wrongdoing, particularly when "[s]ettlement of civil disputes is generally a positive outcome, not a negative one." Id. And, finally, Doe No. 12 makes no showing that Plaintiff is fabricating a false claim by alleging 8 that Plaintiff pulled the allegedly infringing IP addresses out of thin air, and Doe No. 12 does not challenge or dispute any of the procedures used by Plaintiff's investigator to identify the infringing IP addresses or that the IP addresses were used to download and upload portions of the same unique copy of Plaintiff's copyrighted work. Id. Accordingly, Doe No. 12 presents nothing besides speculation for his claim that the Plaintiff in this particular case is improperly attempting to extract settlements from innocent people. Id. Such speculation is not the basis for quashing a subpoena under Rule 45. The remaining potentially applicable basis for quashing the subpoena, which Doe No. 12 does not argue, is that the subpoena "requires disclosure of privilege or protected matter." Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(c)(3)(A). Courts, however, have consistently held that "there is no expectation of privacy in Internet subscriber information because it has already been exposed to a third party, the Internet Service Provider." First Time Videos, 2011 WL 4079177, at *1 (citing Courtright v. Madigan, No. 09-cv-208-JPG, 2009 WL 3713654, at *2 (S.D. Ill. Nov. 4, 2009)); accord AF Holdings LLC v. Doe, No. 12 C 4222, 2012 WL 5520861, at *2 (N.D. Ill. Nov. 13, 2012); Hard Drive Prods., 2012 WL 2196038, at *4; Third Degree Films, 2011 WL 4759283, at *3. Additionally, when there is an allegation of copyright infringement, an individual has no protected privacy interest in their name, address, phone number, e-mail address, or Media Access Control address. First Time Videos, 2011 WL 4079177, at *1. Therefore, as the subpoena here does not require disclosure of protected matter, this cannot be a basis for quashing it. Therefore, because Doe No. 12 has not met his burden of showing that the subpoena meets the criteria of Rule 45(c)(3)(A), his motion to quash the subpoena directed at Comcast will 9 be DENIED. IV. THE MOTION TO SEVER Along with his motion to quash, Doe No. 12 also moved to be severed from this case under either Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20 or 21. (Mot. to Dismiss or Sever & Quash 7.) The Court will consider Doe No. 12's motion to sever under each of these rules. A. Permissive Joinder Under Rule 20 Doe No. 12 first argues that he should be severed from this case because there is no single transaction or series of transactions involved in this case as is required for permissive joinder under Rule 20 and "it is untenable to imagine a set of facts" in which the Doe Defendants would have engaged in coordinated action. (See Mot. to Dismiss or Sever & Quash 9-10.) Doe No. 12 further claims that the temporal gaps between the transactions here—the 14 transactions occurred at different days or times between May 22, 2012, and June 23, 2012—suggest that the Doe Defendants did not act in concert with each other. (Mot. to Dismiss or Sever & Quash 9.) In support of joinder, Plaintiff responds that the Doe Defendants' infringement was committed through the same series of transactions as its investigator was able to receive a piece of the copyrighted movie from each Defendant and because each Defendant used BitTorrent and the computers of others to download the same file and allowed others to access their computer to receive it. (Pl.'s Mem. in Opp. 4-5) Moreover, Plaintiff maintains that, despite the temporal gap between the transactions, Defendants are properly joined because their actions directly relate back to the same initial seed of the swarm and their alleged infringement further advances the series of infringements that began with that initial seed and continued through other infringers. (Pl.'s Mem. in Opp. 6-7) 10 1. Standard Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20 states that persons may join in one action as defendants if: "(A) any right to relief is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the alternative with respect to or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences; and (B) any question of law or fact common to all defendants will arise in the action." Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2). In short, to join persons as defendants in an action under Rule 20, "there must be both a right to relief arising out of the same transaction or occurrence and a question of law or fact common to all the [defendants]." Teklehaimanot v. Park Ctr., Inc., No. 1:08-CV-220, 2009 WL 799505, at *1 (N.D. Ind. Mar. 24, 2009) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted); see also In re Monon Tel. Co., 218 F.R.D. 614, 616 (N.D. Ind. 2003). "Federal policy favors joinder, and the district court has wide discretion when deciding whether joinder of parties is proper." Teklehaimanot, 2009 WL 799505, at *1 (citation omitted); see Monon Tel., 218 F.R.D. at 616 ("When the requirements of Rule 20(a) are satisfied and joinder will not result in undue prejudice to a party, discretion is exercised in favor of joinder." (citing Anderson v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 852 F.2d 1008, 1011 (7th Cir. 1988))). Furthermore, "[p]ermissive joinder under Rule 20 are to be liberally construed to promote convenience and judicial economy." Patrick Collins, 2012 WL 4321718, at *2 (citations omitted). Even if joinder is appropriate, Rule 20(b) provides that "[t]he court may issue orders—including an order for separate trials—to protect a party against embarrassment, delay, expense, or other prejudice that arises from including a person against whom the party asserts no claim and who asserts no claim against the party." Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(b). 11 2. Analysis Courts throughout the country are split over whether joining many anonymous defendants alleged to have participated in a single BitTorrent "swarm" in a single suit is appropriate. Sunlust Pictures, 2012 WL 3717768, at *3; compare, e.g., In re BitTorrent Adult Film Copyright Infringement Cases, Nos. 11-3995(DRH)(GRB), 12-1147(JS)(GRB), 121150(LDW)(GRB), 12-1154(ADS)(GRB), 2012 WL 1570765, at *11 (E.D.N.Y. May 1, 2012) (finding joinder inappropriate because, among other reasons, allegations were insufficient to show that defendants actually shared file bits with one another), SBO Pictures, Inc. v. Does 1-57, No. RWT 12cv22, 2012 WL 1415523, at *2 (D. Md. Apr. 20, 2012) (denying joinder and stating that "the better-reasoned decisions have held that where a plaintiff has not plead that any defendant shared file pieces directly with one another, the first prong of the permissive joinder is not satisfied"), and Hard Drive Prods., Inc. v. Does 1-188, 809 F. Supp. 2d 1150, 1164 (N.D. Cal. 2011) (finding no concerted action were "Plaintiff does not plead facts showing that any particular defendant illegally shared plaintiff's work with any other particular defendant"), with Pac. Century Int'l v. Does 1-31, No. 11 C 9064, 2012 WL 2129003, at *2 (N.D. Ill. June 12, 2012) (allowing joinder where the anonymous defendants participated in the same swarm), Digital Sin, Inc. v. Does 1-176, 279 F.R.D. 239, 244 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) (declining to sever where "the Doe Defendants were trading the exact same file as part of the same swarm"), and First Time Videos, 276 F.R.D. at 252 (allowing joinder where putative defendants were alleged to have reproduced copyrighted materials and continued to distribute data to others in the swarm). As to the first joinder requirement—that the claim against each Defendant arose out of the same transaction or series of transactions—courts denying joinder in the BitTorrent context 12 have "generally done so because the plaintiff failed to allege that the defendants simultaneously participated in a single swarm or that the defendants distributed files directly among themselves." Sunlust Pictures, 2012 WL 3717768, at *4. But here, Plaintiff alleges that each Defendant "participated in the same swarm and directly interacted and communicated with other members of that swarm through digital handshakes, the passing along of computer instructions, uploading and downloading, and by others types of transmissions" (Compl. ¶ 33 (emphasis added)) and, using the BitTorrent protocol, "copied a piece of Plaintiff's copyrighted Work identified by the Unique Hash Number" (Compl. ¶ 39(A)). All of these transactions occurred over a period spanning only a month. (See Compl. Ex. A (indicating that the transactions occurred between May 22, 2012, and June 23, 2012).) At this stage of the litigation, Plaintiff's allegations that all the Defendants infringed on its copyright by "uploading and downloading the same unique copy of the Work with the same Unique Hash Number through the same BitTorrent protocol that required each participant to send and receive portions of the Work in order to download and view the entire Work" are sufficient to assert a claim against each Defendant arising from the same series of transactions. Patrick Collins, 2012 WL 4321718, at *2; see also Third Degree Films, 2012 WL 669055, at *5 (finding that, based on allegations that the Doe defendants swapped the same exact file and evidence connecting the IP addresses to the same exact "hash," it was reasonable to conclude that each of the Doe defendants may have directly facilitated the download of the work by another of the Doe defendants and was thus part of the same transaction or series of transactions); MGCIP v. Does 1-316, No. 10 C 6677, 2011 WL 2292958, at *2 (N.D. Ill. June 9, 2011) ("[G]iven the decentralized nature of BitTorrent's file-sharing protocol—where individual 13 users distribute the same work's data directly to one another without going through a central server—the Court finds that sufficient facts have been [pled] to support the joinder of the putative defendants at this time."). Moreover, based on Plaintiff's allegations that Defendants used the 14 IP addresses to upload and download a copy of the copyrighted work that had the same Unique Hash Number, "this means that the copy that each Defendant downloaded ultimately came from a single source. Given the policy in favor of joinder, this is sufficient at this time to deny severance." Patrick Collins, 2012 WL 4321718, at *2; see also Digital Sin, 279 F.R.D. at 244 (declining to sever defendants where the Plaintiff alleged that the Doe defendants were trading the exact same file as part of the same swarm). That these transactions occurred at varying times spanning just a month does not change this outcome. See Pac. Century Int'l, 2012 WL 2129003, at *2 (finding that Plaintiff's allegations that the anonymous defendants participated in the same swarm, at varying times spanning just over one month, sufficiently alleged that they were involved in the same series of transactions to warrant joinder under Rule 20). Furthermore, "unlike many of the cases where courts have found joinder improper, Plaintiff has sued only Doe defendants whose IP addresses appear to be based in [the Northern District of Indiana]." Id. (citing CP Prods., Inc. v. Does 1-300, No. 10 C 6255, 2011 WL 737761, at *1 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 24, 2011) (objecting to the large number of defendants over which the court demonstrably lacked personal jurisdiction)). Moving onto the second requirement for joinder under Rule 20—that Defendants share a "common question of law or fact"—Plaintiff has asserted the same counts of direct and contributory copyright infringement against all Defendants, with no exception (see Compl. ¶¶ 45-61), which suggests that joinder is appropriate. Third Degree Films, 2012 WL 669055, at *5 14 (noting, in finding the second joinder requirement "easily met," that Plaintiff asserted the same claim of copyright infringement against all the defendants with no exception). And this case also involves questions of law and fact common to all Defendants, including "whether Plaintiff is a proper copyright holder, whether violations of the Copyright Act have occurred, and whether entering a BitTorrent swarm constitutes willful copyright infringement," fully satisfying the second joinder requirement. Pac. Century Int'l, 2012 WL 2129003, at *2 (citation omitted). Therefore, Plaintiff has met both requirements of permissive joinder under Rule 20, and as such, Doe No. 12 will not be severed on the basis of misjoinder. Nor will the Court, for the reasons explicated below, order separate trials under Rule 20(b) at this stage of the proceedings. B. Discretionary Severance under Rule 21 Although Defendants are properly joined, Doe No. 12 also asks the Court to exercise its discretion under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 21 to sever him because the "large number of infringement and defense arguments that a jury would be required to consider at trial" would prejudice him. (Mot. to Dismiss or Sever & Quash 10.) Doe No. 12 further contends that severance is appropriate because Plaintiff has an "improper purpose" for filing this suit against the Doe Defendants—namely, attempting to coerce payment from them. (Mot. to Dismiss or Sever & Quash 11.) On the other hand, Plaintiff claims that joinder promotes judicial efficiency, particularly at this stage of the litigation and given the limited number of Defendants. (Pl.'s Mem. in Opp. 8-9.) 1. Standard Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 21, a court may, on motion or on its own, add or drop a party or sever any claim against any party at any time. Sunlust Pictures, 2012 WL 15 3717768, at *3 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 21). The determination of whether to sever is "committed to the broad discretion of the trial judge." Bennett v. Sch. Dirs. of Dist. 115, No. 96 C 2422, 1996 WL 495555, at *2 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 28, 1996); see Rice v. Sunrise Express, Inc., 209 F.3d 1008, 1016 (7th Cir. 2000) ("It is within the district court's broad discretion whether to sever a claim under Rule 21."). "The practical effect of severance of previously-joined claims is the creation of two or more separate actions." Hohlbein v. Heritage Mut. Ins. Co., 106 F.R.D. 73, 78 (E.D. Wis. 1985). To decide whether severance is appropriate, "a court should consider the convenience and fairness to parties as well as the claim's separability in logic and law. A court's decision should serve the ends of justice and facilitate the prompt and efficient disposition of the litigation." Bennett, 1996 WL 495555, at *2 (internal citations omitted). 2. Analysis First, unlike cases involving hundreds of defendants where joinder has been found too cumbersome, Plaintiff has named only 14 defendants, not hundreds, and only 12 remain in the case,2 all of whom are located in this District, facts which weigh in favor of joinder by promoting judicial efficiency. Patrick Collins, 2012 WL 4321718, at *3 (citing Hard Drive Prods., 809 F. Supp. 2d at 1164 (severing where joinder of the 188 defendants "would result in a logistically unmanageable case" and where the defendants may be separated by many miles)). Here, "[j]oinder at the discovery phase would be more efficient than conducting the same discovery in [twelve] separate cases," id., as it "facilitates jurisdictional discovery and expedites the process of obtaining identifying information, which is prerequisite to reaching the merits of [Plaintiff's] 2 Although there were originally 14 Doe Defendants in this case, Does No. 1 and No. 13 have been voluntarily dismissed with prejudice (Docket # 27, 28). 16 claims," Patrick Collins, Inc. v. John Does 1-15, No. 11-cv-02164-CMA-MJW, 2012 WL 415436, at *4 (D. Colo. Feb. 8, 2012) (quoting Voltage Pictures, 818 F. Supp. 2d at 41-42). See also AF Holdings, LLC v. Does 1-1,058, __ F.R.D.__, 2012 WL 3204917, at *13 (D.D.C. Aug. 6, 2012) ("[J]oinder at this stage in the proceedings is the single, most efficient mechanism available for the plaintiff to obtain information to identify those allegedly illegally downloading and distributing its movie."). As to the Doe No. 12's argument that not severing him would prejudice or otherwise be unfair to him, "the Court acknowledges that a risk of embarrassment exists for the ISP customers who may become publically associated with the [a]lleged IP addresses," as the copyrighted work contains adult, and potentially pornographic, content. Patrick Collins, 2012 WL 4321718, at *5. This potential for embarrassment, however, does not outweigh Plaintiff's statutory right to protect its property interest in its copyright, id., and, at least at this point in the litigation, to do so in a single suit against the 12 remaining Doe Defendants.3 And that Defendants will present different factual issues and legal defenses at a later stage of the litigation does not make joinder inappropriate at the discovery stage; rather, "the commonality of legal claims at this time supports joinder." Third Degree Films, 2012 WL 669055, at *5 (citation omitted). At the same time, the Court is mindful of these concerns as well as the case law suggesting that the litigation strategy Plaintiff has employed in this case has a history of becoming abusive and potentially giving rise to sanctions under Rule 11. See, e.g., Sunlust Pictures, 2012 WL 3717768, at *5-6 (recognizing that "plaintiffs in these types of cases might unfairly threaten to disclose defendants' identities in order to improperly leverage settlement 3 For the same reasons, the Court declines, at this time, to order separate trials under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20(b). 17 negotiations"); Hard Drive Prods., 2012 WL 2196038, at *5-6 (discussing cases considering the potentially abusive litigation tactics of adult film producers like Plaintiff here and cautioning the plaintiff to think "long and hard" about whether naming the Doe defendant or otherwise moving forward against him would comport with Rule 11(b) and its certification requirements); K-Beech, Inc. v. Does 1-85, No. 3:11cv469-JAG, 2011 U.S. Dist LEXIS 124581, at *6-7 (E.D. Va. Oct. 5, 2011) (requiring Plaintiff in a similar case to show cause why its conduct did not violate Rule 11). As such, the Court remains open to reconsidering whether to sever Doe No. 12, and the other Doe Defendants, at a later date. See Patrick Collins, 2012 WL 4321718, at *3 (stating that "any Defendant can renew the Motion later if he or she later shows that joinder of him or her would not promote judicial economy"); Third Degree Films, 2012 WL 669055, at *5 (noting that the Doe defendants retained their ability to move for severance at a later stage of the litigation and that the court may always sever the case sua sponte); Digital Sin, 279 F.R.D. at 244 (declining to sever the Doe defendants at that time, but leaving open the possibility of reconsidering the issue later on); MGCIP, 2011 WL 2292958, at *2 (finding joinder proper at this stage and noting that the individual defendants could raise the joinder issue again as named parties). Now, however, Doe No. 12's motion to sever will be DENIED. V. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, the portions of Doe No. 12's motion (Docket # 24) seeking to sever him from the case and to quash the subpoena are DENIED. SO ORDERED. Enter for the 10th day of December, 2012. S/Roger B. Cosbey Roger B. Cosbey, United States Magistrate Judge 18


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Home » Interior » Tropical House Interior Design » Modern Tropical Bathroom Design Ideas
Modern Tropical Bathroom Design Ideas
Things you need to consider from the interior of the house which has a variety of style and functionality, it should at least bring a personal creative style also bring your individual look. If you are not able to design their own home interior, using the services of an architect or designer will assist you in determining the style and variety of creation of the atmosphere of the exterior and interior of your home. Try to invite architects who actually have experience in the field to be able to design a room in your home and your personal characteristics appropriate.
Here are some simple tips to furnish and decorate with style (and without excessive cost) a fundamental part of home and social life and family. We begin this post with a series of events dedicated to home design: the idea is to inspire colors, shapes, symbols and trends for our interior design projects, with the help of some of the most beautiful photographs published on the web. Here we talk about Modern Tropical Bathroom Design Ideas. A beautiful collection, colorful, able to steal the show from any other piece of furniture and bring a breath of sophisticated fun in any environment.
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I'm 36.
You'd think 36 years would be a long enough period of time to figure out some basic things about yourself. But apparently it isn't.
When I think about it, I've been been attracted to guys for about as long as I can remember. But it's not all guys. And it sort of comes and goes. Usually, it's just one of my good friends at the time, or porn images of guys that look like those friends. It was like this through high school, then college. At first it was my next door neighbor, then in college, it was a guy who lived on my floor. Then after college, it was my roommate.
I didn't act on any of my feelings, until my mid 20s I decided that I had to figure out what was going on. So I ended up hooking up with a few guys I met online. This didn't really clear anything up. I wasn't all that attracted to them, though I did enjoy myself while the activities were in progress. But afterward, well, I felt about as straight as ever. I don't know if it was guilt or what, but suddenly I didn't feel any desire to do it again. A few weeks after an encounter, I'd suddenly find myself wanting to hook up with a guy again. Repeat. Three times.
I never really dated women, and have never been that attracted to them. At least not in the way that it seems most other guys are. I was a virgin until I was 25. When I was around 30, I met and fell in love with the woman to whom I am now married. I love her, and sex with her is fantastic. Since then, I've experienced only infrequent, fleeting desires for sexual contact with a guy ... until recently, it's been almost every day.
The thought of anything happening to my marriage has me scared to death, but at the same time, I can't make these thoughts and feelings go away. I really don't know what to do. One part of me feels like if I just get a random hookup out of the way, the feelings will subside like they have in the past. But what if they don't? Or what if they do, but it ruins my life?
I don't know what I'm looking for with this post. Just sharing, maybe, and hoping someone can shed some light on what I'm feeling. I don't really have anyone else I can talk to about this.


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Featured News
The crew here at 4strokedirt.com had the opportunity to sit down and talk with Josh Penner the other day to find out a little more about what is going on with him this coming season. During my former days as a professional rider I had spent a lot of time being on the opposite end of an interview and never thought twice about it, but switching sides from interviewee to interviewer had me nervous, drawing blanks, and feeling like dummy at times (not to mention how weird it is to interview a guy you've known most of your life).
Thankfully, Josh made it easy for me and provided some excellent answers to my questions. This guy is an incredible rider […]
December Featured Rider – Dominique Daffé
Dominique Daffé is a unique rider in the Women's series! Sponsored this 2014 by Kawasaki Canada, she's fast and she can't keep her wheels on the ground. Finishing 10th Overall in 2013 CMRC Nationals, she has her sights set on winning this year.
4Stroke Dirt Magazine
Ronnie Renner Freeride Tour Second Stop, Ocotillo Wells.
Ronnie Renner and friends jump all the biggest jumps in Ocotillo Wells! Awesome aerial images, POV, crazy big jumps in this years second stop of the Ronnie Renner Freeride tour Presented by GoPro.
Seven Launches The 14.1 Racewear
The 14.1 line-up of Seven racewear is now available. Check it out at http://www.sevenmx.com/products.html
MX Workouts and Training
Two weeks ago I employed the help of a personal trainer from my gym and I was quickly faced with my the realization that I am seriously out of shape. The truth is I haven't raced a full series in […]
Supercross Behind The Dream Episode 3
Follow the BEST behind the racing series of Supercross. This week includes Jeff Emig, Cole Seely, Jason Anderson, Chad Reed and Jake Weimer.


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CORPUS CHRISTI -- Three people survived after an early morning rollover crash.
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The crash knocked down a light pole, and the vehicle rolled over from the impact.
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Thornton, Tim (1996) Local equity jurisdictions in the territories of the English crown : the Palatinate of Chester, 1450-1540. In: Courts, counties and the capital in the latter middle ages. The Fifteenth Century series (4). St. Martin's Press, New York, pp. 27-52. ISBN 0-312-16289-8Metadata only available from this repository.
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There's been lots of negativity surrounding Windows 8, its new interface, the Windows Store, and how all those elements affect PC gaming. Valve's head-honcho, Gabe Newell, has vocalized his disapproval, although it can possibly be linked with the fact that his company will soon have another competitor in the software distribution market. Likewise, Minecraft creator Markus "Notch" Persson also voiced his displeasure with Microsoft's new OS.
But what does any of this mean for you, the common gamer, who has no interest in software development or distribution? It means absolutely nothing and everything. Let me explain.
Windows 8 UI
Windows 8′s new panel-driven "Modern UI" interface, at one point called Metro, replaces the standard desktop when booting into a PC (you can return to the a slightly neutered desktop view by clicking the start button). A few actions that I once found simple to execute have become a bit more complex and counter-intuitive–uninstalling a game quickly comes to mind.
If you're in Windows 8′s traditional desktop view, you'll find that you can only delete desktop apps. Software downloaded via the Modern UI is uninstalled from within the new interface. Applications not yet supported by the tile-based UI (Steam, Origin) launch from the classic desktop by default.
This disorganized, schizophrenic split between the new and old is frustrating. Playing The Walking Dead takes me to the desktop, while Microsoft games open in the new view. It might seem like a minor complaint, but if you dig deeper you'll find that this affects the way developers build their games.
Windows Store
Microsoft has had its hand in digital sales for quite some time with the very well established Xbox Live Marketplace, and plans to expand with Windows Store. There's additional upside to this: having a certification process creates conformity and regulates requirements that all apps should meet like the ability to uninstall, sanitized and organized code, and overall app efficiency. This also means that patches have to be thoroughly tested, and any kinks within them fixed before they're released to the public. This should hopefully prevent another Fez situation from occurring and deliver top-quality product free of disastrous bugs (Skyrim, I'm looking your way). If this works out how Microsoft intends, consumers and gamers will have easier times updating their software, and buying and playing games.
The way content is categorized makes sense. If you know what you're looking for, the search bar is a blessing (just remember to hover your mouse over the top right corner of the screen for it to appear). Gamers, rest assured that even Mature (PEGI 18 for you British blokes) titles will be available in the store. Modders, games purchased from the store will not be moddable, but if they're purchased elsewhere, you'll be fine.
Playing Games in Windows 8
I was able to enjoy everything I was playing on Windows 7 before the big move to Windows 8. The Walking Dead, Borderlands 2, Transformers: Fall of Cybertron, Guild Wars 2, Hawken, Braid, Bastion, and Super Meat Boy.
What Windows 8 Means for Gaming
Ultimately, Windows 8 gaming can go in one of two directions. Nothing changes and gamers continue to experience the joys of PC gaming, or the more bleak but improbable case where developers refuse to support the platform. Notch has already stated that he will not.
As much as I respect Notch for his game design and indie development prowess, Minecraft is a browser-based Java game that's made its way to numerous platforms meaning that he needn't worry about compatibility issues. I don't know about Notch's future products, but would he really ignore Windows 8 in favor of Mac OS X? Or Linux? Both of those platforms are moving forward in terms of gaming, but we can safely say they aren't close to matching Windows' footprint. I don't see developers going anywhere right now.
Instead, why don't we revel in the new platform's power? Windows 8 is PC gaming's "next gen." Direct X 11.1 and 12 is knocking on our doors and pushing the graphical possibilities. Xbox owners have another platform on which to attach their gamertags and stay connected with friends. Smart Glass integration improves media interaction across the Xbox and Windows 8. You'll still be able to play your favorite games some even running better. There's a huge reason we're only hearing complaints from distributors, but not a peep from other PC gaming markets. Graphics card and peripheral manufacturers would certainly voice their concerns if they felt that Windows 8 has the potential to harm PC gaming in any way. In fact, ATI and Nvidia are already pushing out updated drivers.
After 40 days of using Windows 8, I've found the new operating system responsive and free of compatibility issues. Sure, it has a duality that may prove vexing to some, but gamers have very little to fear at this point and no reason to prematurely dub Windows 8 a flop.


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Archives by date
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Photo Clearance Sale: Naperville Riverwalk
By Mark Draughn on January 31, 2006
While I'm trying to learn how to use my new Nikon D200, I'm going to publish a lot of my photos from earlier this year. It's sort of a clearance sale to empty my inventory. Here are some nice ones from the Naperville Riverwalk. Follow this link for about two dozen more Naperville Riverwalk photos […]
Posted in Photoblogging | 1 Response
Knowing About Rape
By Mark Draughn on January 31, 2006
Eugene Volokh catches an apparent problem in an article in Oregon State's Daily Barometer: According to a press release issued by the Women's Center, 2,000 rapes occur every five minutes. This amounts to the claim that, on average, every woman in the United States is raped once every 9 months, which is absurd. Eugene tracks […]
Posted in Mathematics | Leave a response
Full Auto
By Mark Draughn on January 30, 2006
Coolest. Video. Ever. (Hat tip: CrimLaw)
Posted in Guns | Leave a response
Censorship of Google in China
By Mark Draughn on January 26, 2006
Google's recent launch of the Chinese Google service is attracting a lot of attention because Google has agreed to censor the results in accord with Chinese law. I feel about this the same way I did when Microsoft censored its blogs: In China, the only alternative to censored service is no service at all. I […]
Posted in Free Speech | Leave a response
How Smart Is Blonde Justice?
By Mark Draughn on January 22, 2006
Blonde Justice is a legal blog run by a public defender who prefers to remain anonymous and thus styles herself after the Elle Woods character played by Reese Witherspoon in Legally Blonde and Legally Blonde 2. I worry about people who run anonymous blogs. Not that I distrust their motives or anything like that. I […]
Posted in Blogosphere | 2 Responses
D200 On the Way
By Mark Draughn on January 22, 2006
I managed to move things along a bit on the D200 front. Sort of. Last thursday, I just queried Adorama about my order for a D200 and got this response: Please be advised that you are at the top of our waiting list, however to this point we have only received one shipment from Nikon […]
Posted in Photography | Leave a response
Community Standards
By Mark Draughn on January 21, 2006
The Volokh Conspiracy has a post about the Google subpoena, and a comment by someone using the name DEGOP has this to say about the definition of pornography: "Prevailing community standards" is the only test worth a darn. We abandon it at our peril. The problem is that community standards in San Francisco are a […]
Posted in Free Speech | Leave a response
Chuck Norris Lets Me Blog Here
By Mark Draughn on January 20, 2006
Chuck Norris does not sleep. He waits. Chuck Norris frequently donates blood to the Red Cross. Just not his own. I first saw Chuck Norris in 1978's Good Guys Wear Black (directed by Ted Post, who may not be famous, but sure has been busy). I can't really remember much of the story, but Norris […]
Posted in Fun Links | Leave a response
Fight the Power!
By Mark Draughn on January 19, 2006
According to a ZDnet article, Justice Department prosecutors have asked Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, and AOL to turn over millions of records from their databases. This is all part of the government's attempt to defend the Child Online Protection Act (COPA). The ACLU is challenging COPA in part on the grounds that compliance is impossible. To […]
Posted in Creeping Totalitarianism | Leave a response
Nikon D200 Blues
By Mark Draughn on January 19, 2006
It's been a while since I wrote anything about the Nikon D200 camera I want, so I figure many of you are asking yourselves, "How's Mark doing with that new Nikon D200 camera he ordered?" I don't have it yet. There were rumors about the new Nikon D200 well before the official announcement. So on […]
Posted in Photography | 4 Responses
Catching Up With Mainstream Media, But Not In a Good Way
By Mark Draughn on January 14, 2006
In the half-decade or so that blogging has been taking off on the World Wide Web, bloggers have envied the mainstream media for its power and influence while at the same time excoriating the mainstream media for its arrogance. The bloggers have been making continuous progress catching up on power and influence over the last […]
Posted in Blogosphere | 2 Responses
Clown Captured in Chicago
By Mark Draughn on January 14, 2006
I just spotted the headline in Yahoo news: Reputed Mob Boss Captured in Chicago A mobster, in Chicago? Say it ain't so! Why would a mobster in Chicago be big news? Unless… They did write "Mob Boss"… Could it be…? Holy Crap! They caught Joey "The Clown" Lombardo! Lombardo has had kind of a strange […]
Posted in Crime and Punishment | Leave a response
This May Explain A Lot…
By Mark Draughn on January 13, 2006
Posted in Political Science | Leave a response
Shoe Fetish
By Mark Draughn on January 13, 2006
Buffy has a special (and slightly disturbing) relationship with my shoes, especially right after I take them off…
Posted in Catblogging | 1 Response
Finding Truth
By Mark Draughn on January 13, 2006
Earlier this week I blogged about the retesting of DNA evidence in the murder of Wanda McCoy. Roger Keith Coleman was executed for the crime 13 years ago, but various people have been insisting he was innocent and asking for the evidence to be re-tested. Now it has, and the results were about what I […]
Posted in Crime and Punishment | Leave a response
A Judge Who Hasn't Met My Mother
By Mark Draughn on January 12, 2006
Lawrence Taylor posts an excerpt from a story about a man who was convicted of DUI for a drunken ride on a pocket bike—a small bike that sits less than a foot off the ground. It doesn't sound like operating a pocket bike under the influcence constitutes much of a risk to innocent bystanders, but […]
Posted in War On Drugs | Leave a response
Best Marathon Pundit Photos
By Mark Draughn on January 12, 2006
I meant to link to this earlier, but here's John Ruberry's favorite photo of 2005, from one of his trips to Nebraska. Click the picture for a larger image. I like his photo of a church near Milford, Nebraska better. That one would be worth printing on 8×10 matte paper just to see how it […]
Posted in Photography | Leave a response
Books of the Dead
By Mark Draughn on January 10, 2006
Some people think that disturbing elements in our culture—goths, gangstas, and violent video games—are signs of declining morality. Declining from what? Brown University's library boasts an anatomy book that combines form and function in macabre fashion. Its cover — tanned and polished to a smooth golden brown, like fine leather — is made of human […]
Posted in Weirdness | Leave a response
Coleman For Sale
By Mark Draughn on January 8, 2006
I'm sort-of debating with Tom McKenna over further testing of evidence in the murder of Wanda McCoy. Roger Coleman was executed for the crime 13 years ago and Virginia Governor Mark Warner has just ordered DNA testing which might show Coleman was innocent. When I dropped "Roger Keith Coleman" into Google, the results page kicked […]
Posted in World Wide Web | Leave a response
Seeking Truth
By Mark Draughn on January 6, 2006
Roger Keith Coleman was executed 13 years ago in Virginia for the murder of Wanda McCoy. Death penalty opponents have for years insisted that he was probably innocent, and they have recently been trying to have DNA tests conducted that might prove his innocence. They've had no luck, however, because there's no legal justification for […]
Posted in Crime and Punishment | 1 Response


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Ray Appleton has been a part of the KMJ team since 1987 and continues to share his thoughts and viewpoints with his very large and very loyal audience.
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MVP Sport Grill Patio CoverBe the first to review this product!
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I brought this device to use it as a hand GPS in my travels and it does the work just fine. The best feature is the replaceable battery, so, if I carry extras batteries, I can walk for hours without worry about getting lost. - Small and light. - Good processor and the RAM is enough. - Rubber like finishment.... Read more
- Very small, real pocket-size device; - Replaceable battery, compatible with a cell phones; - Alternative software may be installed (Total Commander, OziCE, etc); - Satellite receiver has a satisfactory sensitivity; - Good smooth plastic case; - Good computer interaction (internal flash and external ... Read more
a very good product for 69$. very good built quality and very accurate. the operation system is very easy to operate and very efficient. the processor is strong enough and get nodelayes or errors it could be usefull if it had 3.5 mm jack for audio. it has a buit in hebrew support wicth is very usefull ... Read more


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Christina gets defensive after Carson starts off the night by recalling her controversial decision to send Jesse Campbell home. Adam Levine — shock! — defends her and she seems to have no regrets about what has been the most controversial exit this season. Let's fast-forward through the random performance and the Justin Bieber music video sneak preview (really, we can't see the whole thing? Someone told the Biebs that MTV hasn't played a music video since 2006, yes?) OK, seriously, let's do this:
Team Christina: In another shocking twist, Chris Mann is saved by America, forcing Ashley De La Rosa and Lindsey Pavao to perform one more time.
"You and I," Ashley De La RosaThis is the moment when singing competition show fatigue sets in because Elise Testone just killed this Lady Gaga jam on American Idol last week so it feels stale now. Ashley keeps jumping around the stage so much that it's clear she should have picked a faster song. Her pitch is kinda 'eh and although the performance is good enough, after her surprisingly strong arrangement of "Foolish Games," she needed to keep the momentum going and she failed to do that. Adam says this wasn't Ashley's best performance, but Blake says he's become a big fan of Ashley's.
"Please Don't Go," Lindsey PavaoIt took me a good minute to figure out what song this was and I've heard it on the radio a million times. Is that good for Lindsey for being original? Or will that hurt her straying so far? If this was America's vote, I would say Lindsey was toast, but this one is all up to Christina and judging from Lindsey's tears, and Christina's subsequent waterworks, at the end of the performance, I would say she has this in the bag. Cee Lo says Lindsey did a great job, and Blake is "drawn in" by Lindsey's mysterious ways.
Decision time: Christina starts tearing up, and after another looong preamble, she says she has to go with her heart and picks Lindsey Pavao, sending Ashley De La Rosa home. But in a genuine "aw shucks" moment, Christina gets on stage wraps her arm around Ashley and kisses her on the cheek.
Team Blake:Jermaine Paul is saved by America, which leaves Erin Willett and RaeLynn to sing for their lives.
Erin Willett, "Proud Mary"Erin hits the same notes over and over (and over and over), but if Blake has liked what she's been putting out so far, this performance isn't going to change a darn thing. Except for the very end of her song when her final "yeaaa-ah" is all over the place and messy. Christina says Erin put in an amazing effort.
RaeLynn, "If I Die Young"After performing big upbeat songs on both live performance shows, RaeLynn picked the right strategy to sway Blake in her favor. A ballad, which reminds him that she's diverse, and a country ballad, to remind him she's a Nashville princess-in-the-making and because it's his sweet spot. Ugh, too bad the end of this song is a mess too. Adam praises her for playing the song and didn't let the song play her, but wishes it was something different.Decision time: Blake stammers and stammers and after multiple pleads from Carson for a name, Blake saves Erin Willett and sends home RaeLynn. I really thought RaeLynn had the advantage because of her country ties, but I guess she was too young?
So what did you think of tonight's results? Do you think America got it right? Do you think the coaches got it right? Did one of your favorites go home? Sound off below!
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Art and Design Department
Grand Valley has scholarships and fellowships available for current and prospective students.
Student Scholarships
Nedra J. Smith Otis Art Scholarship
Established by Art and Design faculty and Nedra J. Smith Otis to reward outstanding art and design students. Eligibility: Must be a junior, senior or graduate student working on a BFA degree. Student must be full-time with a 3.0 cumulative GPA. Must complete required review by department and have completed all core art courses. Must show promise as an artist. Award amount varies, up to $2,000. Possible renewal.
Albert S. and Ella D. Koeze Art Scholarship
Established by Marybeth Koeze, honoring the memory of her parents, Albert and Ella Koeze. This scholarship provides financial assistance to students majoring in fine arts. Eligibility: Be entering your junior or senior year or beginning graduate-level work. Must be full-time as a Bachelor of Fine Arts or Master of Fine Arts degree student with a 3.0 cumulative GPA and show promise as an artist. Award amount varies, up to $1,000. Possible renewal.
Margaret F. Ward Art and Design Scholarship
Established by Mrs. Margaret F. Ward to give support to aspiring art educators that face financial challenges pursuing their degree. Eligibility: Entering junior or senior year or beginning graduate work, full-time status as a Bachelor of Art Education degree student, cumulative GPA of 3.0 or better, financial need, showing professional promise as a future educator. Award amount varies, up to $1,000. Possible renewal.
Branstrom Fine Arts Scholarship
Award comes from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and goes to deserving current students in Art and Design, Music and the School of Communications. Eligibility: Cumulative overall grade point average of 3.0 G.P.A. Award amount varies, up to $2,500. Non-renewable.
Harriet Irsay Scholarship Grant
Since 1992, the Scholarship Committee of the American Institute of Polish Culture in Miami has awarded over $150,000.00 in scholarship aid to over 150 talented American students of Polish descent. The Committee may award ten to fifteen scholarship grants of $1,000 each, for the academic year in a variety of fields, including Education, History and Liberal Arts. They are awarded on a merit basis to full time undergraduates or graduates who are American citizens or permanent residents preferably of Polish heritage.
2012-13 Incoming Student Scholarships
Ada Council for the Rebecca Vogelsang Memorial Scholarship (ART)
Established for incoming freshman that are Michigan residents. Preference given to students from Ada, Cascade, Grand Rapids, and Vergennes Townships. Award amount: $500. Eligibility: Non-renewable. Faculty committee chooses recipients after review of admissions portfolios.
Art and Design Scholarship
Awarded to incoming students, $1,000 per year. Initial award determined by review of Art and Design admission portfolios and National Portfolio Day reviews of student's work. Artwork is the primary criteria for selection. Eligibility: Renewal of scholarship is dependent upon maintaining a G.P.A. of 3.0 overall, and appropriate progress towards completion of a degree in Art and Design. Award amount varies, up to $1,000. Possible renewal.
Junior Level Student Scholarship
Alexander Calder Honor Scholarship
Established in the 1970's by a group called Friends of the Arts and funded through proceeds of the sale of prints by artist Alexander Calder, which he donated to Friends of the Arts to support the arts at GVSU. Scholarships benefit students in any discipline of the fine arts. A committee representing the fine and performing arts chooses recipients for the awards.
Annual Fellowships
Oxbow Fellowship
Grand Valley State University is one of thirteen art departments in the nation to participate in Ox-Bow's prestigious Fellowship Program. Ox-Bow is located in Saugatuck, MI and affiliated with The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. The fellowship student is chosen by a committee of GVSU faculty based on the merits of their artwork and ability to thrive in the Ox-Bow community. A fellowship student lives on Ox-Bow's campus for the duration of the summer season, generally June 1 - September 1, where they participate in campus life as both staff member and as artist.
For further information on these and other GVSU Scholarships: http://www.gvsu.edu/scholarships/
Department of Art and Design, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan
Page last modified March 12, 2014


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Scott Turow to Lecture at UW-Madison on Monday
|According to UW Madison News, lawyer and best-selling author Scott Turow will give a free lecture, "Reflections of a Man with Two Heads," at 5 p.m. Monday, April 9, in Room 1100 of the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Grainger Hall, 975 University Ave.
From the article:
The lecture by Turow, author of "Presumed Innocent," "The Burden of Proof" and others, is presented by the Legal Studies Program. His latest novella is "Limitations," a legal mystery featuring George Mason from "Personal Injuries." Originally serialized in The New York Times Sunday Magazine, the book edition contains original material.


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|• Care for Pavers
|• Cavity Wall Moisture Management
|• Cleaning and Removing Stains Outdoor On Outdoor Pavers
|• Grout
|• Mortar & Restoration
|• Protecting Pavers From Stains
|• Saws
|• Stone Veneer
|Learn More About Sponsored Topics
The Official Publication
of the Mason Contractors
Association of America
Current Issue:
December 2014
Rehab/Restoration Case Studies
Fixin' up the Ritz
The San Francisco Ritz Carlton Condominiums and Residences undergoes a restoration
A solution
This project was extremely intricate, and the craftsmanship involved had to be impeccable. Constant communication had to exist for measuring and construction changes. AFU, Charles Bloszies Architects, Page & Turnbull, and the associate architects for the historic preservation, and Four Star Erectors worked together to create a successful project.
Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement is composed of glass fiber reinforced cement for both interior and exterior applications. It weighs about 8 pounds per square foot at 3/4-inch thickness. GFRC is a great choice for projects in which weight; flexibility of design, color and surface texture; and climate extremes are important. With PSI of 5,000 GFRC is perfect choice for high-traffic areas.
|Last Updated on Thursday, 14 April 2011 18:54


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Global utilities:
Audience menu for:
Section: Student Support
Student Support menu:
We are excited to announce that the Tutoring Center has been renamed the Learning Center. This name change is a better description of the goal of the service, which is to promote independent learning. Tutors will be referred to as Learning Assistants and will continue to assist students with course content while promoting good study habits and learning strategies.
We have a staff of over 45 part-time peer and professional learning assistants who bring experience in a variety of courses. No appointment required. Assistance with learning strategies and study skills are also available.
The Student Guidelines for using the Learning Center.
Learning assistants who are available to assist you. Check out our schedules.
Your HCC student ID card
Course textbook and notes
Course assignment and related content
Specific questions for the session
Printed copy of draft (if speech or paper)
Record sheet (if applicable)
The Learning Center at Harford Community College is excited to announce a pilot program for online learning assistance provided by NetTutor. This service is free for students!
Special thanks to the Harford Community College Foundation for approving an award to support online learning assistance services at HCC.
Students must be enrolled at Harford Community College for the current semester In order to be considered for online services. Online learning assistance is available during the hours in which the Learning Center is closed.
Please visit our Online Learning Assistance page for more information.
Dec 24-31 Christmas Holiday
Jan 1-4 New Year Holiday
Jan 19 Martin Luther King
March 22-29 Spring Break
The Learning Center is located in Fallston Hall, room 103, across from the Test Center.
Please use your Harford email account to contact us and allow two business days for a thoughtful response.
Learning Center
Fallston Hall, Room 103
443-412-2427 Or
Diana Pinargotte
Manager for Learning Center
Pamela Runge
Student Success Specialist
Jennie Towner
Interim Director for Student Success
Wed. 12/17 - Fri. 12/19, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Closed on Sat. 12/20
Mon. 12/22, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Tue. 12/23, 8:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
Closed from Wed. 12/24 - Sun. 1/4/15
Winter 2015 (Mon. 1/5/15 - Fri. 1/23/15)
Mon-Fri, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Closed on Saturdays
Closed Tue. 1/13 & Wed. 1/14
© 2014 Harford Community College
Harford Community College
401 Thomas Run Road
Bel Air, MD 21015
443 412 2000


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16 Quick and Creative Cheese Ravioli Recipes
Tender pasta pockets stuffed with melty, gooey cheese — what could be more delicious? Whether you make it from scratch or pick it up in your grocer's refrigerated or freezer sections, this pasta is perfect for mixing and topping with just about any combination of vegetables, meats, and sauces. Here are some fantastic ideas.
For more perfect-for-summer pasta recipes, check out our collection of easy pasta salads.
Skillet Ravioli with Broccoli Rabe
It takes less than 20 minutes to whip up this simple and savory Italian dish, with cheesy store-bought ravioli and broccoli rabe, topped with marinara or Alfredo sauce and melted mozzarella cheese.
Recipe: Skillet Ravioli with Broccoli Rabe
Charles Schiller


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Bob Savage is my new favorite person in the world. Why? Because he sends me stuff like this! Which one of the wacky lacrosse photos is weirder?
Tag Archives | mesh
Show LAS Your Old School: Way Back Mesh Kit
Lacrosse Mesh is older than you think! In fact, we were shocked to learn just how old the product is, and how little it has changed!
Hot Pot Of Lax: Is Lacrosse Gear Holding Our Sport Back?
This week's Hot Pot is getting deep into the subject of youth and beginner lacrosse equipment. Could a couple of changes really help Grow The Game in a new way? Plus news links and two pretty amazing videos! Teach me how to LAX!
A New Year's Lacrosse Drop!
It's a brand new year, which means it's time for a brand new lacrosse drop on the federal holiday of holidays! Some are off, some are working, and the Lacrosse Drop is here for you no matter what.
Random Monday Lacrosse Stories: Syracuse, Mesh, Oregon, MCLA, Lax Prom & Greggy Beast
Syracuse wins, Thompson used mesh. Taking Your Lacrosse stick to Prom successfully. Oregon – Simon Fraser highlights from BHSVideoDad. Greg Gurenlian goes perpetual beast mode blog. And an LAS at the MCLA Championships update.
Weekend Lacrosse Ramblings
The weekend is winding down and Connor Wilson had just enough strength to pound out one more hair-brained weekend lax post for you. Warning: it's a little "jumpy". You'll see what we mean.
So, It's Like That, Jeremy Thompson?
Ask and ye shall receive! Jeremy Thompson switched it up to mesh last week, so what happened this weekend against St. John's? Did he stick with mesh? Back to traditional? You're slowly killing Connor, Jeremy Thompson!
Say It Ain't So, Jeremy Thompson!
Usually, when a player switches from traditional to mesh, the world doesn't take notice. But when Jeremy Thompson does it? The lacrosse world is left gasping. Well, Connor Wilson is anyway.
Connor Wilson Must Dye: Nike CEO
Connor got a new NIKE CEO Head in the mail so of course, he had to dye and string it up right away. Another masterpiece. This time he channels Basquiat a little bit. Nice art work!
Mythbusters: Lacrosse Edition
After stringing up a traditional lacrosse pocket in a Gait Torque, I was chastised for putting such a "heavy" pocket in such a light stick. Is traditional really heavy? This question needs to be settled. We're bringing in our own Mythbuster, Connor Wilson.
Moving Forward: Lacrosse Done Right
As our sport grows, it faces some serious questions about how the growth will occur and who will make it happen. Corporations will be more and more involved but there is a right way for the sport to grow and Connor Wilson is going to share it with you.
Mesh 297: Inconsistency In Stringing Materials
Did you know that lacrosse stick stringing materials vary greatly from manufacturer to manufacturer and store to store? Do you know how much this can affect your game? Josh Rottman has the answers so read on and become a better stringer.
The Mesh-Traditional Debate Rages On
The debate rages on! If traditional is better than mesh, why don't more people use it? No one seems to actually prefer mesh pockets but 99% of players use them. How can you explain this? People will do anything for an edge, even use traditional. We can't be that lazy!
Stringing 101: 10-Diamond Mesh
Please welcome Kevin McGuirl to LAS. He's come by to teach us all a thing or two about stick stringing! First up, 10-Diamond Mesh.
Wilson's Wheelhouse: Let Me Dope You
The fall is the best time for lacrosse companies to experiment and get their product all set for the upcoming indoor and spring outdoor seasons. If this reads like a NY Times trends piece, I apologize.


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Thoughts and Suggestions for Working at Home
4 years ago
So a couple months ago I took a job that allowed me to work from home, and I wanted to share my experience so far.
There are plenty of great articles and blogs out there like
Goodbye To The Office
Your Office Chair is Killing You
Top 10 Home Office Hacks
Jeff Atwood on Working Remotely
, and many, many others. Just google
working remotely
telecommuting tips
and you'll see what I mean.
So after doing a bit of reading and making a few small changes in both my work flow and my home office, here are my suggestions...
Make your home office shine
or better yet - make your home office make
shine. Having a comfortable and versatile work environment is huge. Not only are you
at home, but you're also
at home... you better like it there.
I find that versatility is huge for productivity. Being able to change up my work position and location is great. I've set my office up so that I can work while sitting at a desk, on a couch, or even standing. and of those three, I
endorse standing and working - I've been standing 95% of the time for over 2 months.
Stand up for yourself
I'm not the most in-shape dude in the world, but making the switch to stand-up working has been amazing. It was a bit straining on my neck and hamstrings for the first week, but since then - I've felt great. I find that I'm WAY more productive and can stay WAY more focused while standing. If for some reason I do get fatigued, I switch to sitting for a bit.
Standing is also great because at the end of the work day - I actually feel like I worked. I want to sit down and relax for a minute. I never had that with my previous office jobs... I like it.
If you want to give stand-up working a try (and I hope that you do)
Get an anti-fatigue mat, seriously. It's your new office chair and helps a TON.
Try not to use a laptop, or at least get an external monitor for it so that you can look straight ahead as opposed to down. This is just better posture and helps with the neck pain quite a bit.
Check out the
Geek Desk
. I just got mine and it rules! I can switch from standing to
sitting on my yoga ball
with the flip of a switch.
The next huge (and probably obvious) way to stay productive at home is communication. When you're not working together in an office, everyone
to make a real effort to communicate. In my situation, our whole team sends short update emails daily - basically just a list of what you did yesterday and what you will do today. We're also on IM all day, use Basecamp extensively, and have weekly video chat meetings. I highly recommend all of these things.
Get in the zone
GET. IN. THE. ZOOONE. sorry... but seriously, find a way to get in the zone somehow. For me it's blaring music and dancing around while I'm stand-up working. This is much easier to do at home than it is in the office. ;)
Visit the office
Even though today's technology makes working remotely way easier, there's still something to be said for in-person face-time. I'm 1800 miles from my office... So in my situation, I fly in to spend a week with the team quarterly. It's great for our relationships and great for being able to focus on the product together.
Perks of working at home
Not having to commute to work has saved a ton of money and wear on my car
Not eating out every day has also saved a lot of money. Plus I am eating healthier and have easy access to great snacks.
Having my own, clean bathroom.
Being able catch up on house projects, mow the lawn, run errands, etc. Not having to commute or take lunch breaks near the office gives me about 2 extra hours a day.
Being able to work on the back porch, in the sun, shirtless (cause I be
stuntin like my daddy
Challenges with working at home
Aside from the obvious challenge of staying productive, the biggest challenge for me is probably showering every day, haha. A lot of people say that a good way to stay productive is to start your day like you normally would when going into the office - take a shower, eat breakfast, get dressed, etc. I'm finding this doesn't really help me. I like to roll out of bed, eat, slam a dewski, and start rocking it.
But I do find that showers make really nice breaks (as long as I remember to shower).... and I'm way more comfortable wearing gym shorts these days.
Keeping your home life separate from your work life can be a bit of a challenge... but it's also sort of a perk. With everything being at home, it's much easier to break for something I need to do in my personal life and spend a bit more time working in the evening.
Other suggestions
Take plenty of breaks. Everyone gets burnt out or hits brick walls, even after a couple hours. Take a few minutes to play with the dog, ride your skateboard around the block, weed the garden, take a shower, whatever. I've come back rocking so hard after nearly all my short breaks.
Keep a sigg, nalgene, klean kanteen, or just plain ol
of water nearby. I'm really bad at this, but always trying to get better. Staying hydrated totally helps.
Keeping your office clean helps you stay focused.
Work without pants on. Trust me.
So yea... aside from all that - I'd say that one of the best parts of working from home is that every single day feels like the most productive Saturday you've ever had.
I love that.
1) Hide your xbox/ps3/wii.
2) Music on all the time. (Already noted, but again for emphasis. It really helps).
3) Don't look at your bed. Close the door to your bedroom.
4) Take breaks often. (Again, emphasis). I get up and move about every 15-30 minutes to refill my beverage or choice, or to pee, take a shower, harass my kitten with nerf guns, hang myself (depending on how the day is going, yanno?), doesn't matter really. Just keep moving.
5) Have a beer. I usually like to get the party started an hour or two before my work day ends. Why the hell not? They can't see me. I just avoid conference calls and emails if I start getting a little spinny.
darth vader
4 years ago
You be stuntin like ya daddy! Good luck Kari in about 20 years
4 years ago
There are lots of positive sides about working from home. The most important thing it kills the morning rush towards your office which helps you to start the day much better. kevin trudeau free money 2013 Why I dislike this job, it doesn't give you the pleasure times you have in your office with your colleagues.
1 year ago
remember me


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Book your room at Hôtel Saphir Grenelle
Please enter your travel dates.
Hotel with a 24-hour front desk, in Paris (Gare Montparnasse - Porte de Versailles)
This hotel is located in Paris (Gare Montparnasse - Porte de Versailles), close to UNESCO Headquarters, Eiffel Tower, and Arc de Triomphe. Also nearby are Champ de Mars and Les Invalides.
Hotel Features
In addition to complimentary wireless Internet access, Hôtel Saphir Grenelle provides a garden, a 24-hour front desk, and tour/ticket assistance.
Room Amenities
In addition to complimentary wireless Internet access and climate control, guestrooms feature safes along with minibars and desks.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
At your hotel
At your hotel
Hôtel Saphir Grenelle features tour/ticket assistance, a garden, and express check-in. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. This Paris hotel also offers room service (during limited hours) and an elevator (lift).
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 32
- Elevator/lift
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free Wi-Fi
- Express check-in
- Garden
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
Stay connected
Available in all rooms: Free Wi-Fi
Available in some public areas: Free Wi-Fi
In your room
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- Soundproofed rooms
- Phone
- Minibar
- Hair dryer
- Desk
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Flat-panel TV
- Free Wi-Fi
- Climate control
- Complimentary newspaper
- In-room safe
- Room service (limited hours)
Eat and drink
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
The fine print for Hôtel Saphir Grenelle
When you arrive
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
When you leave
Check-out time is noon
How you can pay
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- No onsite parking is available.
- Breakfast fee: EUR 10 per person (approximately)
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 20 per night
We should mention
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
National Rating
This hotel has received its official star rating from the French Tourism Development Agency, ATOUT France.


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2014 Parents and Families Weekend Survey
As part of our ongoing improvement efforts, we are interested in hearing about your recent experiences at Parents & Families Weekend at University Park, which was held October 10-12.
For those who joined us, we hope you enjoyed your time in State College!
For those who were unable to join us, we would like to learn more about why you were unable to attend. The responses gathered will be used in future years as we continue to improve aspects of the event.
We hope that you will take 10 minutes to complete our survey, which will remain open until November 1.
Save the dates for Parents and Families Weekend at University Park campus:
2015 - October 16 - 18
2016 - October 14 - 16
For questions, regarding Parents and Families Weekend, please contact the Parents Program at 814-863-1313 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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The 2009 Helix from Naish went down a storm. Not set on resting on their laurels Naish have stepped things up even further with their new 2010 Helix kite. See the team putting it through its paces in this video.
Click here to see Kevin Langeree on a Euro 2010 demo tour


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Hamlet's Mill
Ribordy Contemporary, Geneva, CH
January 16 - March 12, 2015
Silly Canvas
Jo Baer, Anne Neukamp, Diane Simpson
Mitchell-Innes & Nash, New York, NY
December 13, 2014 - January 24, 2015
organized by Alex Bacon and Harrison Tenzer for Rail curatorial projects
Monte Carlo, Miami Beach, FL
December 3 - 6, 2014
Artists panel
Mana Contemporary, Miami Beach, FL
December 5, 2014 at 5pm
The Kitchen L.A.B
with James Hoff, Molly Nesbit, Aki Sasamoto, Tina Satter, and others
December 2, 2014, 6:30pm
Got Tortilla with Butter on Phone.
Think It's the End?
curated by Mikkel Carl
Rod Barton, London, UK
November 28, 2014 - January 17, 2015
The Unwinding
Charles Harlan, Michael E. Smith, Virginia Overton, Lewis Baltz
Cookie Butcher, Antwerp, BE
November 22, 2014 - February 1, 2015
All Summer In A Day
Matt Connors, Kristan Kennedy, Owen Kydd, Diane Simpson, Erika Verzutti
Fourteen 30 Contemporary, Portland, OR
November 21, 2014 - January 4, 2015
White Flag
Anna-Sophie Berger, Angelika Loderer, Hanna Putz
Lust Gallery, Vienna, AT
November 19 - December 20, 2014
let rise, let go
21er Raum, 21er Haus, Vienna, AT
November 5 - 30, 2014
Michael St. John, Borna Sammak, Martha Rosler
Andrea Rosen Gallery, New York, NY
October 31 - December 6, 2014
Melvin Edward Nelson and Charles Harlan
Adams and Ollman, Portland, OR
October 10 - November 1, 2014
Just Feel
solo exhibition
Mauve, Vienna
September 26 - October 10, 2014
above: A piece from Walton's Quarter Turn Series, which belongs to fellow artist Jane Irish.
Bill Walton, artist to artist
URBN Center Annex's Leonard Pearlstein Gallery
3401 Filbert St., Philadelphia, PA
October 7 - December 5, 2014
"*What's Love Got To Do With It?"*
curated by Fanny Berta
Steve Turner Contemporary, Los Angeles, CA
Anna Sophie-Berger will perform Tell Me What To Do with Nouria Behloul at 8pm
Karma, New York, 2014
56 pages
edition of 500
50 of which are clothbound, signed and numberd
9 x 8.3 inches
$ 25 purchase from karma
Karma, New York, 2014
56 pages
edition of 500
50 of which are clothbound, signed and numbered
9 x 8.3 inches
$ 100 purchase from karma
Let's Mingle
Anna-Sophie Berger
Adrian Buschmann
Michi Lukas
Thea Moeller
Josip Novosel
Hanna Putz
Rosa Rendl
Alex Ruthner
Lilli Thießen
Franz Josefs Kai 3
1010 Vienna
September 13th - October 5th
Bavarian Fire Drill
247365, Brooklyn, NY
September 12 - October 19, 2014
Opening reception, Friday, September 12th
Cape, 1990
Oil stain and oil paint on medium-density fibreboard
94 x 114 x 34.2 cm (37 x 45 x 13 1/2 in.)
Currently on view at The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL
Contemporary Permanent Collection, Gallery 299
Another Cat Show
356 S. Mission Rd., Los Angeles, CA
August 16 - September 14, 2014
Performing Tell Me What to Do with Matthew Linde
at the opening of the exhibition Bouvier's Bedroom at Mathew Gallery, Berlin
August 14, 2014, 7pm
August 8, 2014
Fashion is Fast
a/w s/s 2014
photographs by Thomas Albdorf
Another, Once Again, Many Times More
Martos Gallery, East Marion, NY
July 12 - September 1, 2014
curated by Matthew Higgs
Anton Kern Gallery, New York, NY
July 2 - August 22, 2014
To do as one would
Organized by Mary Mitsch, Martha Moldovan, and Poppy Pulitzer
David Zwirner, New York, NY
June 26 - July 25, 2014
This group exhibition on view at the gallery's 519 West 19th Street location features the work of John Dante Bianchi, Nick Darmstaedter, Violet Dennison, Xavier Donnelly, Charles Harlan, Benjamin Horns, Ann Greene Kelly, Zak Kitnick, Eric Mack, Harry Schleiff, Cal Siegel, Zachary Susskind, John Szlasa, and Christopher Williams.
Defining Structures: Contemporary Minimal
Thursday, June 19, 6:30 pm
The Jewish Museum, New York, NY
A roundtable discussion with artists a generation or two removed from those featured in Other Primary Structures, whose work – primarily in sculpture – comes out of a Minimalist tradition. Featuring Charles Harlan, Carissa Rodriquez, Erin Shirreff, Daniel Steegmann Mangrané, and Allyson Vieira.
Moderated by Ruba Katrib, Curator, SculptureCenter.
more information
Ice Fishing
McArthur Binion
Bill Bollinger
Charles Harlan
Virgina Overton
Michael E. Smith
Max Wigram Gallery, London, UK
June 4 - July 26, 2014
My Hands Are My Bite
curated by Dan Gunn
Monique Meloche, Chicago, IL
June 7 - August 2, 2014
What Not To Wear: Women Sculptors
Luther W. Brady Art Gallery
The George Washington University, Washington D.C.
April 16 - June 27, 2014
Particular Pictures
curated by Joshua Abelow and Emily Ludwig Shaffer
Suzanne Geiss, New York, Ny
April 5 - April 26, 2014
Graphic Design
curated by Michal Novotny
Prague, Czech Republic
April 1 - June 15th, 2014
The Last Brucennial
Presented by Vito Schnabel and The Bruce High Quality Foundation
837 Washington Street, New York, NY
March 7 - April 4th, 2014
Venus Over Manhattan, New York, NY
February 12 - March 22, 2014
Window Dressing
On view at the NYU 80 Washington Square East Gallery's satellite space at Broadway and 10th Street, New York, NY
January 26 - March 12, 2014
Home Again, Again II
The Journal Gallery, New York
January 22 - February 23, 2014
Back to the Door: Becky Kolsrud, Kalup Linzy, Elizabeth Milton
233 Carrall Street, Vancouver, BC, V6B 2J2
November 16, 2013 — January 18, 2014
Centre for Style at Bus Projects
Collingwood, Australia
December 16 – 20, 2013
Seth Price reads from Charles Harlan's Carol Bove Manuals 2010 on Tuesday, November 19th at 7 o'clock.
Foxy Productions, New York, NY
November 1 - December 21, 2013
As Is Wet Hoagie
Oko, New York, NY
July 13 - September 12, 2013
First Look: New Art Online
New Museum, New York, NY
Book launch and signing with Ari Marcopoulos
Wednesday July 10, 2013 6—8pm
Photographed by Ari Marcopoulos
64 pages, black & white
softcover edition of 25
softcover edition of 500
8.5 X 6 inches (21.59 X 15.24 cm)
published by KARMA, New York, NY
The Gate
Karma, New York, NY
June 8 – July 13, 2013
Peekskill Project
Hudson Valley Center for Contemporary Art, Peekskill, NY
do it (outside), curated by Hans Ulrich Obrist
Socrates Sculpture Park, Long Island City, NY
May 12 - July 7, 2013
DSM-V, curated by David Rimanelli, presented by Vito Schnabel
The Future Moynihan Station, New York, NY
May 8 - June 4, 2013
Why is Everything the Same?
Works from the Collection of Anne Collier and Matthew Higgs
Shoot the Lobster, New York, NY
May 7- May 24, 2013
Brand Innovations for Ubiquitous Authorship, stolen by Eva and Franco Mattes
Carroll / Fletcher, London
April 23 – May 11. 2013
Utah Museum of Contemporary Art, Salt Lake City, UT
January 18 - April 20, 2013
EAF 12: 2012 Emerging Artist Fellowship Exhibition
Socrates Sculpture Park, Long Island City, NY
September 9, 2012 - March 31, 2013
Dead Zone, A Film about the Future by Alex Da Corte
Nudashank, Baltimore, MD
February 16 - March 16, 2013
Ivory Tower
Fjord, Philadelphia, PA
Aaron Aujla, John Pittman, Charles Harlan
Martos Gallery, New York, NY
January 11 - February 16, 2013
Kathleen Cullen Fine Arts, New York, NY
January 10 - February 9, 2013
About Face
ACME, Los Angeles, CA
November 17 - December 9, 2012
My safe reduction to form
Exile, Berlin, DE
October 27 - December 8, 2012
Style is the Tailor
American Medium, New York, NY
November 25, 2012, 8 PM
Becky Kolsrud at Tif's Desk
Thomas Solomon Gallery, Los Angeles, CA
August 11, 2012, 6 to 8pm
Bulletin Boards, Presented by Venus Over Manhattan and White Columns, New York
Venus Over Manhattan, New York, NY
July 20 - August 24, 2012
B-OUT curated by Scott Hug
Andrew Edlin Gallery, New York, NY
July 5 - August 18, 2012
Brand Innovations for Ubiquitous Authorship, organized by Artie Vierkant & Higher Pictures
Higher Pictures, New York, NY
July 19 - August 17, 2012
Everyday Abstract - Abstract Everyday, curated by Matthew Higgs
James Cohan Gallery, New York, NY
June 1 - August 1, 2012
Harlan, Laracuente, Lichty / Earth
New Capital, Chicago, IL
April 20 - June 17, 2012


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Binary options in a prediction market are options to speculate on the value of an asset, and whether that value of the asset will remain the same for the next one hour to one day period, whether it will become more valuable in that time period, or whether it will decrease in value in that time period. The predictive markets are simply speculative and they were created just for these sorts of trades.
The binary option in a prediction market rewards the individuals that buy low and then turn around to sell high. The individuals that buy high and then turn around and sell low are admonished. Their activities are seen as being degrading to the predictive market.
History of the binary options in a prediction market
You can say that predictive markets have been in place as long as elections have been being held. Betting on who would win the election was very common until sometime around the 1940s. There were even formal markets on Wall Street that handled these bets. The major newspapers and radio news programs posted the conditions of these markets so they could give people an idea of how close the race was. These predictive markets were remarkably accurate about who would win the election and they had thousands of people that participated in them.
Possibly the most famous of all predictive markets is the University of Iowa's market they called the Iowa Electronics market. This market was first introduced during the presidential election of 1988. This market allows the traders to buy and sell contracts based on the common assets that would be used in predictive markets. The difference in the Iowa electronics market is that the activity is genuine, but it is a not for profit. It is designed purely as an educational tool. The results of the Iowa electronics market predictions on who would win presidential elections have been more accurate than the pools have been.
Another highly regarded predictive market was the 1996 Hollywood Stock Exchange. This was a virtual market game when it started and today the Hollywood Stock Exchange is a part of Cantor Fitzgerald, LP. Players of the game buy and sell things like prediction shares of how much movies will bring in at the box office, directors, actors, and all film related options. In 2006 this game was correct in the predictions of thirty two of the thirty nine Oscar Nominees for the major categories. The game also predicted seven out of eight of the top winners in the major categories.
HedgeStreet was designated in 1991 as a predictive market. It is regulated and governed by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. It allows traders online to make speculations concerning economic events that may, or may not, occur.
Are prediction markets legal?
Online gambling within the United States is strictly regulated. For this reason the majority of predictive markets online that target traders from the United States only allow their traders to use virtual money. Real money does not change hands so that no federal or state laws will be broken during the activity.
The Iowa Electronics markets are an exception to this rule. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission allows bets on this predictive market that are $500 dollars are less. This activity is legal because of a no-action letter the university got from the trading commission. There are also exceptions being made for Intrade/TradeSports which was allowed to accept United States clients up until November of 2012.
There are large numbers of predictive markets that you may not be aware of. They are at least entertaining to engage in.