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Single Black Mothers' Role Strain and Adaptation across the Life Course
- Ruby Mendenhall,
- Phillip J. Bowman,
- Libin Zhang
- … show all 3 hide
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This study examines how Black single mothers maintain resiliency, despite having family provider role strain (e.g., low income, joblessness, and underemployment). Guided by a strengths-based role strain and adaptation approach that addresses how ethnic-specific strengths facilitate resiliency across the life course, we extend Bowman and Sanders (Journal of Comparative Family Studies 29:39–56, 1998) work on Black unmarried fathers. We focus on the role of strong religious beliefs and extended family closeness in protecting psychological functioning, despite having family provider role difficulties. Multivariate analyses were conducted on a sub-sample of 617 single Black mothers using the National Survey of Black Americans, a national probability sample survey which includes data from 2,107 face-to-face interviews. The early postindustrial era of the late 1970s and 1980s created critical and unprecedented provider role challenges because both Black men and women faced the highest levels of joblessness and economic marginality since the Great Depression of the 1930s. As hypothesized, strong religious beliefs and extended family closeness operated as significant protective factors promoting more resilient outcomes—a sense of personal efficacy, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. These theory-driven findings can also guide future policy-relevant research on more complex provider role strain–adaptation processes among Black mothers facing chronic poverty during the 2007 Great Recession and beyond.
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- Title
- Single Black Mothers' Role Strain and Adaptation across the Life Course
- Journal
Journal of African American Studies
Volume 17, Issue 1 , pp 74-98
- Cover Date
- 2013-03-01
- 10.1007/s12111-012-9220-7
- Print ISSN
- 1559-1646
- Online ISSN
- 1936-4741
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Black mothers
- Resiliency
- Role strain and adaptation
- Life course
- Authors
- Ruby Mendenhall (1)
- Phillip J. Bowman (2)
- Libin Zhang (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 605 E. Springfield, MC 454, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
- 2. University of Michigan, 610 E. University, 3338 School of Education, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA


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Attorney Richard Spoor - South Africa
Richard Spoor is a public interest attorney based in White River South Africa. He does a lot of work with former mine workers that have contracted various diseases from working in the mines. Spoor represents these workers in lawsuits against their former employers and he is currently organizing South Africa's first ever class-action lawsuit. Spoor also represents communities that have been displaced from their land by the large mining companies without compensation. AJI sent interns to Spoor in the summers of 2011, 2010 and 2009.
Legal Resource Center - Ghana
The LRC Ghana is a grass roots organization focusing on human rights, delivery of legal services, and the development of a just legal system in Ghana. Currently LRC is working on the following projects: Capacity Building for Effective Civil Society Participation in Local Governance with the Support of the European Union Delegation in Ghana; Sensitization Project on Child Trafficking Laws; Support of CBO's in Citizen-Government Engagement; LRC Parliamentary Advocacy Project; Legal Aid Services; Enforcing Laws on the Worst Forms of Child Labor; LRC Training of Action Aid International on RBA; Improving Community-Police Relations Nima-Mamobi. LRC has a long tradition of hosting interns from across the globe and AJI has sent students to intern at LRC in the summers of 2011 and 2009.
Justice Research Institute - Nigeria
JRI is a public Private think-tank working towards the better administration of justice in Nigeria and it is affiliated with the University of Lagos. JRI is currently undertaking a diagnostic of the Nigerian criminal justice system. This is in response to the perception that the systems and the key institutions within the Nigerian criminal justice system lack the capacity to effectively bring offenders to justice. The research will assess the judicial system, the capacity of police to investigate crime and bring offenders to justice, and the length of time it takes to pursue a case to a just end. JRI is also introducing the newly enacted Child Rights Law to practitioners and Judges around the country. JRI is writing manuals for the operators of the family Courts, which are new in Nigeria, and providing other educational support such as trainings and memo writing. Additionally JRI is working on a Climate Change and Gender Project, which seeks to look at the gendered implications of the Climate Change Phenomenon in Nigeria. AJI sent one student to intern with JRI in the summer of 2011.
ALL (Aide Legale Libre) for Cameroon - Cameroon
ALL for Cameroon is a small organization dedicated to providing free legal advice and representation to the poor in a bid to enhance people's access to justice in Cameroon. The organization is headed by Barrister Mbinkar Caroline, a human rights activist who takes on cases of juvenile criminal defense, political persecution, women's rights, and anti-corruption. Some of the cases ALL for Cameroon has handled have reached the level of the U.N. and the African Commission. ALL works with local universities to set up law clinics, allowing national students to work on live cases under the supervision of lecturers and volunteer lawyers. AJI sent two interns to ALL for Cameroon in the summer of 2011. The organization is located in Bamenda and there is no language requirement other than English.
Refugee Law Project - Uganda
The Refugee Law Project (RLP) was established in 1999 to provide legal aid to asylum seekers and refugees in Uganda. Since then, the provision of legal aid has been supported by adding a psycho-social unit which provides clients with counseling and referrals on a range of non-legal matters, including sexual and gender based violence, access to medical care, housing and education. The provision of direct support is complemented by education and training activities. These are targeted both at duty bearers such as police, immigration officers, judges, magistrates and local government officials, and also at refugees themselves. RLP is located in Kampala and the summer of 2012 will be the first time AJI has sent interns to the organization.
If you have questions about any of these opportunities contact Sean Tshikororo at email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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Serves 10–12
Ingredients for Turkey Minestrone
- 3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 cup chopped sweet onion
- 2 cups chopped carrots
- 2 cups chopped celery
- 2 teaspoons chopped fresh rosemary
- ½ cup dry white wine
- One 14- to 15-ounce can chopped tomatoes, with their juice
- 5 cups chicken broth
- Rind from Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese, cut into ½-inch pieces (optional)
- 3 medium zucchini, diced (about 1½ cups)
- 1 cup 1-inch pieces green beans
- (about 5 ounces)
- 4 cups bite-size pieces cooked turkey or chicken
- One 15-ounce can small white beans or garbanzo beans, drained and rinsed
- 1 head escarole, tough leaves removed, cut into 1-inch pieces, or two 10-ounce bags baby spinach
- 1 teaspoon salt (you will need more if you don't use the cheese rind)
- 1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
- 12 ounces fresh cheese tortellini, cooked according to package directions and drained
- 1 cup freshly grated Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese for garnishing
How to make Turkey Minestrone
- Heat the oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
- Add the onion, carrots, celery, and rosemary and sauté until the vegetables begin to soften, about 6 minutes. Add the wine and allow it to boil for 2 minutes, stirring. Add the tomatoes and cook for 4 minutes, until some of the liquid evaporates.
- Transfer the contents of the skillet to the insert of a 5- to 7-quart slow cooker. Add the broth and cheese rind (if using). Add the zucchini, green beans, turkey, white beans and escarole and stir to combine.
- Cover and cook on high for 4 hours or on low for 8 to 10 hours.
- Season with the salt and pepper. Stir in the cooked tortellini. Cover and cook on high for another 30 minutes or on low for 1 hour.
- Garnish with the Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese before serving.


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Manachaban students to get a taste of history when they visit Quebec
By: Allison Chorney
| Posted: Monday, May 06, 2013 12:38 pm
More than 60 Grade 8 students from Manachaban Middle School in Cochrane will be packing their bags and heading to Quebec from May 12 to 18.
"The kids are really looking forward to it," said French Immersion teacher Micheline Butterwick.
"It's a good way of ending their middle school years," she added.
Students will spend their first two nights in Montreal where they will visit the Bell Centre and have the opportunity to give a mock interview on the podium in the pressroom, the Basilique Nortre-Dame where they will experience the beauty of architecture and stain glass and the Parc du Mont-Royal where they will see some of old Quebec.
Next the students will travel to Quebec City where they will reenact the Battle of Quebec on the Plains of Abraham. The site marks the 1756 battle between English Major-General James Wolfe and French Lieutenant-General the Marquis de Montcalm.
Both men were mortally wounded in the battle that had both sides equally matched in number of men, about 4,500 for each side, but not in skill, as the French army was ill-trained and ultimately retreated. Quebec surrendered on Sept. 18, 1756.
The students will also enjoy breakfast at the Quebec Parliament building, which will be a first for the long-running school trip.
"A lot of what (students visit) is social studies related with information on Canadian history," Butterwick said.
The students will also go on a dance riverboat cruise down the St. Lawrence River where they will see a wall of Quebec fortifications complete with artillery cannons that light up to look like they are firing at the boat.
"It is so different from when you see it in a book," she said. "Their eyes go wide open."
Butterwick has been participating in this trip for several years and said students on the trip notice things they are learning about like oxidation on the roofs of old buildings and they see the paradigm theory in spiral staircases.
Students will complete daily journal entries and write a report on what they did and learned when they return home.
"It's awesome," Butterwick said. "I just love it."
The Rocky View Weekly welcomes your opinions and comments. We do not allow personal attacks, offensive language or unsubstantiated allegations. We reserve the right to delete comments deemed inappropriate. We reserve the right to close the comments thread for stories that are deemed especially sensitive. For further information, please contact the editor or publisher.


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As a self-appointed pundit, I spend a fair amount of time criticizing the photography industry, but I have a little secret … I love photography! And 2013 brought yet another year full of strange, interesting and inspiring moments in photography. Let's go on a little journey … in no particular order.
1. Haley Morris-Cafiero Examined Our Reaction to Her Weight
We've all done it. Stared at the fat guy/girl on the street or in a store. Haley Morris-Cafiero's Wait Watchers documents people reacting to her weight, the result of her hypothyroidism, and makes a strong cultural statement on how we judge people in our daily lives. When we think no one is watching, our honest, visceral reactions come through. Using an assistant to trigger the shot, this particular image of a not-so-svelte policeman mocking her with his hat perfectly illustrates the degradation of decorum in our society.
Photo by Haley Morris-Cafiero
2. Portraits of Children Around the World with Their Prized Possessions
What was that special toy or item you had as a child that meant everything to you? Whether they inhabit the first or third world, Galimberti captured those unique items beside their child owners. I'm fascinated by the lack of gender-specific toys in this image from Malawi, where I suppose the most prized possessions are the ones you can get your hands on. This particular image, shot with a Mamiya RZ67, is a stark contrast to the Barbie dolls and dresses in some of his other images.
Photo by Gabriele Galimberti
3. And Where Those Kids Sleep
James Mollison's revealing essay looks at the diversity of where children sleep along with a portrait of a child. The portraits are masterful, and the "beds" can be heartbreaking like this one of Alex in Rio de Janeiro.
Photos by James Mollison
4. A Photographer Documents Domestic Violence
Echoes of Donna Ferrato resonate from the work of graduate student Sara Naomi Lewkowicz, who photographed the abusive relationship of a Shane and Maggie in Southeastern Ohio. In one particular incident, Maggie was choked, and after confirming that the police had been called, Sara continued to photograph the scene and produced this disturbing image.
Photo by Sara Naomi Lewkowicz
Lewkowicz was criticized for not intervening in the situation, but like Ferrato's work, her images helped to raise more awareness into the pervasiveness of domestic violence, and for her work, she was awarded the 2013 Ville de Perpignan Remi Ochlik Award at Visa Pour l'Image.
5. Capturing the Plight of Evicted
People generally don't like having their photo taken by strangers. I've found that this is especially true of the Chinese. So it was with a very curious eye that I pored over her essay on the immigrant residents of 81 Bowery, who were forced to leave their miniscule homes over safety violations. They say access is everything, and Annie Ling certainly earned the trust of her subjects, perhaps in part because her own tenement burned down in 2008 leaving her homeless for a year. The work earned her an exhibit at the Museum of Chinese in America.
This 6×6 portrait of Zhu Benjin is a perfect example of the intimacy of trust that Ling earned.
Photo by Annie Ling
6. Are They Diving or Flying
Many photographers have photographed divers in mid-flight from the 10 meter platform (especially from picturesque Barcelona), but the series from Brad Harris is largely devoid of backgrounds, and his light is highly refined. The end result is a certain starkness that is reminiscent of September 11th's "Falling Man" – devoid of the backdrop of a terrible day.
Photo by Brad Harris
7. Freedom's So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades
Usually by the time the plane takes off, I'm passed out in my seat with earplugs and an eye mask. James Kastner obviously knows something I don't because he captured this magnificent photo of the Freedom Tower (er, I mean "One World Trade Center") gleaming in the late afternoon as he took off from Newark Airport. I love the way the light has receded from New Jersey (no pun intended) while casting a beaming reflection in the water.
Photo by James Kastner
8. Studio Portraits Make Me Wish I Was an Animal
New York-based Brad Wilson has spent the bulk of his career photographing people, but he switched gears to pursue a personal project photographing "trained" animals, which he says aren't trained like a dog, but rather, trained to not "try to attack you." Armed with his Hasselblad and a bank of strobes, he produced stunning images like this one of an owl. How do you like them strip light reflections in those eyes? Head over to his website to buy a print.
Photo by Brad Wilson
9. A Final Embrace is a Haunting Portrait of Love
We don't know the story of this couple — whether they were indeed a couple at all. But in the brief moment when a garment factory collapsed in Dhaka, Bangladesh killing more than 1000 people, a man gripped a woman in an embrace.
An act of kindness? Love? Fright? Activist & photographer Taslima Akhter captured this most haunting photo as the slow excavation moved forward to find any survivors, and has spent months trying to identify the deceased to no avail. It's a stunning contrast to Rich Lam's "Vancouver kiss couple" from 2011. It makes me cry when I see it.
Photo by Taslima Akhter
10. Experts Confirm Integrity of Contest Winner
"Why do photo contest winners look like movie posters?" was my query in a blog post aimed towards the trend in retouching images for photo contests. Much ado was made across the industry, and World Press Photo took the unprecedented step of submitting Paul Hansen's winning photo to forensic experts.
The verdict? The position of pixels had not changed, but there was "a fair amount of post-production," and thus there was no need to retract the award. Nevertheless, a few months later, World Press Photo announced that they will be changing the rules and protocols "to create more transparency" in the selection process.
World Press Photo of the Year 2012. Photo by Paul Hansen.
11. Camera Manufacturers Tried Hard
I've been critical of some of the designs that have emerged from the major camera manufacturers in the past year (here, here), but in truth, I'm glad that someone is trying new things. It's true that the best camera is the one you have with you, but it's also true that inspiration and excitement can be found in a new gadget. Maybe it's lighter, maybe it's wireless, maybe it's a new form factor, or inspired by an old one. Give us choice, and we will shoot!
12. Lightroom Got One Step Closer to the Star Trek Transporter
Using your keyboard and mouse to make adjustments in Lightroom is so 2012. The folks at PFixer use MIDI (musical instrument device interface), which was developed in the 80s to digitally control instruments, through an audio mixing board to allow you adjust multiple parameters with sliders and knobs. Contrast me up, Scotty.
13. Register Your Copyright and Make Your Images Available for Sale
Johannes Hirn's graduate photo project on an unknown boxer suddenly went viral when people started Googling for "Tamerlan Tsarnaev" following the Boston Marathon bombing. Early in the morning of April 19, twitter user @suleyman_u tweeted Hirn's PhotoShelter site, which he found by through Google.
Hirn's site housed a large set of images complete with quotations. But the images weren't set up for licensing, and they soon started to appear all over the Internet until he finally sought out Landow Media late in the afternoon to help with distribution rights. You just never know what images you have in your possession.
14. A Lovely Tribute to Boston
Boston Globe photographer John Tlumacki captured the iconic image from the Boston Bombing, but it was the cover of Boston Magazine that brought a tear to my eye.
Boston Magazine design staff Brian Struble and Liz Noftle came up with the idea to take the shoes of marathon finishers and arrange them such that the negative space created a heart. They solicited shoes from friends and friends of friends, and shipped them off to product photographer Mitch Feinberg. Their ode to a city rocked by terrorism: "We Will Finish The Race."
Photo by Mitch Feinberg
More great photography during and after the tragedy here, and here.
15. Documenting Civil Unrest is Still a Key raison d'etre
Victor R. Caivano's image of an unarmed, solitary woman being pepper sprayed in Rio de Janeiro on an empty street brought back memories of the UC Davis Pepper Spray Cop and the Occupy Wall Street NYPD cop — all of which show a clear abuse of power. Without photos or video, abuse is nothing more than he said, she said, and thus photography continues to play an integral oversight role.
Photo by Victor R. Caivano/Associated Press
In Egypt, Ed Ou continued to produce stunning work in harm's way like this image in Cairo overlooking Tahrir Square taken from an apartment balcony.
Photo by Ed Ou/Reportage by Getty Images
And in Russia, Dmitry Lovetsky caught this tragic image of gay rights activist who had been beaten by anti-gay protesters in St. Petersburg after Putin signed a bill banning "propaganda of nontraditional sexual relations."
Photo by Dmitry Lovetsky/AP
16. Portraits of Survivors Show Strength and Beauty
In a summer camp in 2011 off the coast of Oslo, Norway, a lone gunman massacred 69 young adults. Many survived the harrowing incident, but not without physical and emotional scars. Andrea Gjestvang captured beautiful portraits of some of the survivors as a testament to their resilience in the most difficult of situations.
Like Joe McNally's "Faces of Ground Zero" series from 9/11, the images simultaneously capture the fear, strength and vulnerability of a small subsection of survivors who represent many more who suffer from a tragic event.
Photo by Andrea Gjestvang
17. Peak Action Still Rules Sports Photography
They say there is only one moment that counts in sports photography. Ball on bat. A football dangling inches above a wide receiver's hands. Hector Gabino's image of Ray Allen's clutch 3-pointer that sent the NBA Finals Game 6 into overtime not only captured the moment of release, but faces filled with anguish and anticipation.
Photo by Hector Gabino/El Nuevo Herald
But my favorite sports photo of the year was this unbelievable moment from the USC/Notre Dame football game when running back Cam McDaniel lost his helmet but proceeded to plough through the defense. Getty Images' Jonathan Daniel absolutely nailed the moment with this fantastic photo. The internet immediately crowned him as this year's "ridiculously photogenic" guy, taking the mantle from last year's winner, Zeddie Little.
Photo by Jonathan Daniel/Getty Images
18. Selfie is the Word of the Year
The Oxford Dictionaries Online named "selfie" as the word of the year, beating out "twerk" for the honors. We love selfies! Once thought to be an exercise of vanity, the selfie also is an extension of photography as language and can be used in communication to show a person in context of a location, or simply personalize a text or Snapchat.
Subsets of selfie that we like? The bookshelfie for nerds to show how many and what types of books reside on their bookshelf.
The cop selfie.
The pregger selfie:
Photos by Sophie Starzenski
But we really don't need the funeral selfie.
19. All You Need Is Just a Little Patience
Have you ever tried to take a photo of yourself every day like Noah Kalina? Impossible right? I mean sometimes I can't even remember to bathe, let alone take a photo.
But I love looking at photos taken over the course of years like this series of PE teacher Dale Irby, who wore the same outfit for his teacher portrait for 40 years. The same clothes. Not similar looking clothes. The same freaking clothes. Even better than a longitudinal photo series is a guy with a sense of humor.
20. Alternately, You Could Just Recreate the Original
Maybe you lost the sweater. Maybe you grew too much. No worries. Just recreate the childhood pic yourself. I traveled each and every highway, and much more than this, I did it my way.
21. Colorized Photos are Cool
In the 1980s, Ted Turner announced that he was going to colorize old black-and-white classic films much to the chagrin of, well, everyone. But talented Photoshop users around the world have created a crowd-based movement to colorize historical photos with awesome results. Take this photo by Toni Frissell for Harper's Bazaar from 1947 entitled "Lady in the Water" as colorized by Las Cruces, NM designer Michael Catanachapodaca.
Photo by Toni Frissell; colorized by Michael Catanachapodaca
22. …And so are Apollo Images
We love us some Don Pettit photography from the International Space Station, but equally as cool are historical photos from the Apollo missions. Lynchburg College's Kipp Teaguetook it upon himself to re-scan negatives from the historic missions, and the images are stunning. This one reminds me of a certain movie for some reason…
23. Even the TSA is on Instagram
The TSA finally understood that Instagram is a distribution tool that can be great for marketing. That's why they decided to post images of confiscated contraband like knives and guns.
Photo by @tsa
Did I really just wait in line for 30 minutes for this? No, suckah! I'm TSA Pre✓™!
24. It Ain't a Knife or a Gun
Over at Thumbs & Ammo, the crowd has been sourced to Photoshop images from popular culture and replace a gun with a thumbs up. Does this mean they turned my Like button into a gun?
25. Rise of the Drones
It's not quite Skynet, but drones, the catch-all name for radio controlled craft with the awful connotation made waves this year as the price of a quadcopter dropped into the sub $500 region and people like our friend Eric Cheng produced cool videos with a GoPro on a gimbal. Learn more about how you can get started with drones his PhotoShelter webinar.
26. If You Only Had One Lens
The first lens I used with my Olympus OM-10 in junior high school was the 50mm f/1.8. The "normal" lens. The one they say is most similar to the focal length of your eye. But as I got older and acquired more gear, I turned to zooms, and finally settled on a 35mm focal length because I just can't seem to "see" enough with the 50mm.
Jerome Daly only uses a 50mm lens. It forces him to be disciplined. It avoids the distortion so typical of wide angles like my 35mm. And the compact lens allows him to go unnoticed in dangerous areas. His photography is more proof that it's not the equipment, it's the photographer. This photo feels like a wide angle image to me, and yet, it's not. The longer focal length with the wide aperture also gives such a nice shallow depth of field.
Photo by Jerome Daly
27. Those Creative Parents are at it Again
I mean, I wouldn't advocate subjecting your daughter to this type of photo project, but to each his own. Joshua Hoffine decided to place his four daughters into various scenes of classic childhood fear. This must be some sort of immersion therapy, but I saw "Insidious" and this photo creeps me out!
Photo by Joshua Hoffine
Over in Japan, Toyokazu Nagano took photos of his 4-year old daughter, Kanna, on the same stretch of road with different poses at different times of the year. This photo is what we refer to as "kawaii!"
Photo by Toyokazu Nagano
Babies need up to 14 hours of sleep per day through age 3. You might as well optimize your time, right? California mom Sionin Queenie Liao imagined a fairy tale scenes and built different sets out of household items. When her baby, Wengenn, fell asleep, she gently placed him in the center of the frame. Lucky little dude.
Photo by Sionin Queenie Liao
28. Some Guys Photograph Their Kids, While Other Guys Photograph Themselves
St. Paul Pioneer photographer Ben Garvin made one of the cutest and creative stop motion videos EVAR as he set out to shave off his bushy beard. When he showed it to his 7-year old son, "he laughed so hard a small puddle appeared at his feet afterwards – a high bar!" Sadly, I cannot grow facial hair. Fortunately, I did not pee my pants watching this video.
29. BTW, I Didn't Love Everything
When you're arrested and booked in the US, you get your mugshot taken. Unfortunately, these images become part of the public record, and unscrupulous entrepreneurs have built businesses around publishing the photos on their websites and using Search Engine Optimization to rank the subject's names. Potential employer searches for your name, and voila, your mugshot front and center.
How do you get one of these websites to remove your mugshot? You pay them. Ah, the American way. Of course, sometimes, your mugshot goes viral and you become a meme like this one of Meagan Simmons.
30. On The Other Hand, If My Mugshot Looked Like This
Curator Peter Doyle of Sydney's Justice and Police Museum has published two books of vintage mugshots from the 1920s and 1930. And by golly, these criminals look pretty darn dapper. I might just keep that mugshot online…
31. Observatories with Frickin Laser Beams
Astronomy Graduate Student Sean Goebel assembled a time lapse video of the observatories atop Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawai'i. At 13,796 feet, the observatories provide the best viewing of the night sky in the Northern Hemisphere, and they use lasers to track atmospheric turbulence (like I know what that means).
32. Follow This Guy on Instagram
Attractive girlfriend: Check. Travel to exotic places: Check. Come up with great concept: Check. File under "I wish I had thought of this": Check. Murad Osmann decided to use Instagram to photograph his outstretched arm grabbing ahold of his girlfriend's hand as she leads him through various scenic vistas like this one of a field of yellow flowers against a blue sky following the girl in a red dress? As David After Dentist once declared, "Is this real life?"
Photo by @muradosmann
33. STOP Instagram FOMO
Do you ever experience FOMO (fear of missing out) when viewing other people's Instagram feeds? Maybe there cavorting in some exotic location or eating at the best new restaurant in town. Japanese photographer Keisuke Jinushi solved that problem by simulating romantic adventures with his own arms.
Photo by Keisuke Jinushi
Photo by Keisuke Jinushi
34. Insta-dipity
NPR's commuting project solicited photos from people in their daily commute. Amateur (and awesome) street photographer Jabali Sawicki captured this photo of a mother reading to her son and submitted it via the hashtag #pscommute. Unbeknownst to Jabali, the mother Megan Freund was following the NPR project and saw the photo. NPR writes:
"I started crying because I was so overwhelmed," she says. "He's sort of curled up next to me and I'm reading him a book about dinosaurs, actually, my father had given to me when I was 8 years old for Christmas. It was pretty incredible that somebody had noticed that moment."
In an age where photos are everywhere, but people are leery to have their photo taken by strangers, this story proves that serendipity combined with intent makes all the difference in the world.
Photo by Jabali Sawicki
35. 8×10 in the Hands of a Master is Stunning
About ten years ago, I wandered into a gallery and saw amazing large format images taken in Italy, and thought how nice those photos my look in my apartment. But I forgot the name of the photographer and the gallery. This year, a set of images entitled "County Fair" made the rounds on the web, and I couldn't stop staring. Perfectly lit and composed, Greg Miller takes photos the way I wish I could like this one from a Brooklyn Fair in 2007.
Photo by Greg Miller
As I browsed his website, I came across his "Primo Amore" series, and those were the images that I first fallen in love with a decade ago. How apropos. Santa, how will I ever choose?
Photo by Greg Miller
36. 20×24 in the Hands of a Master is Stunning Too
Sure, anyone can composite two photos together in Photoshop. There are even apps for that. But Jeff Enlow went old school with a KickStarter-funded project to take some beautiful double-exposed nudes on a 20×24 polaroid.
Photo By Jeff Enlow. We censored the photo since it is our policy not to share NSFW content. Head over to the photographer's website to see the uncensored photo.
37. Speaking of Large Format, Photos Finally Got Big and Glorious Online
Redesigns at The New York Times, The New York Times Magazine, Washington Post, Sports Illustrated and PhotoShelter brought us images as large as our screens, and boy, they have never looked so good online!
"Snowfall" design with full width images
Photo by Martin Schoeller
Washington Post
Sports Illustrated "Longform" style
PhotoShelter Beam Websites
38. More Proof that Photographers Put Themselves in Harm's Way
Animal online magazine continues to produce some provocative imagery including a series of images by Aymann Ismail when he traveled to Egypt and was jumped by the Muslim Brotherhood. His account is harrowing as is this perfectly composed image of some burly men who had just defaced a church before turning against him. It's hard to be any closer to a dangerous situation.
Photo by Aymann Ismail
39. The Animated GIF Continues to Evolve
We like our animated GIFs at the PhotoShelter office whether they are lo-fi orcinemagraphs. So why not adopt them for wedding photography for an endless loop of endless love?
Photo by JLBWedding.com
Smilebooth started incorporating them into their digital photobooth technology.
And even Equinox got into the mix with highly stylized GIFs that show exercise moves. Much more practical than a video, and more informative than a still.
40. Dance, Dance Revolution
Find a breakdancer, hand him an LED wand, make him dance, and drag your shutter. Polish photograph Joanna Jaskolska captured all the fun and spontaneity of dance with her series entitled "Breakdance Baby!"
Photo by Joanna Jaskolska
41. Milk, It Does a Body Good
Speaking of Polish photographers, London-based Jaroslav Wieczorkiewicz decided to shoot a pin-up series. Except he didn't use clothes, he used milk. No, really. A series of milk splashes were composited into a final photo and the results are stunning. You might want topre-order the calendar.
Photo by Jaroslav Wieczorkiewicz
42. An Autistic Son
A fantastic photographer starts shooting images of his autistic son, and learns to accept all the idiosyncrasies of this curious diagnosis through his own photography. Timothy Archibald's "Echolilia" created a visual language shared between father and son in one of the most poignant essays of the year.
Photo by Timothy Archibald
43. We're Still Finding Troves of Photography
At some point, it will end. In the meantime, we're still finding old film prints in closets, basements and attics. Santa Fe Workshops Digital Lab Manager, William Van Beckum, came across a box of old photos while helping his father and step-mother move. And contained in that almost discarded box was an Andre Kertesz photo worth $30,000.
Photo by Andre Kertesz
44. White Guy Photography Or Great Portraits?
Nick Vossbrink penned a provocative article about the proclivity for what he calls "white guy photography" – the tendency to travel to some "exotic" place with the intent of "documenting and photographing so as to 'explain' or 'capture' it for others."
This is exactly what British photographer Jimmy Nelson did with his "Before They Pass Away" essay, by visiting 31 remote tribes around the world. But these are no iPhone photos, Nelson uses a 4×5 and obviously spends time gaining the trust of the various groups.
Photo by Jimmy Nelson
45. You'll Be Swimming with the Fishes
Thai photographer Visarute Angkatavanich loves fish. But one fish is not enough. Instead, brilliant photos of Siamese fighting fish is more his style.
Photo by Visarute Angkatavanich
46. The Condition of the Frog, However, is Uncertain
Zach Braff did it. Johnny Football did it. But why leave all the photo bombing fun to the humans. A NASA remote camera with an acoustical trigger captured this frog in mid-air as the LADEE spacecraft lifted off from the Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. The photo was authenticated to be real, but according to NASA, "The condition of the frog, however, is uncertain."
Photo by NASA/Wallops Flight Facility/Chris Perry
47. Cute + Cuter = Cutest
You know what's cute? Puppies. You know what else is cute? Babies. But what happens when you take two great tastes and combine them into one? Puppies and babies, dude.Jessica Shyba ain't no fool, fool.
Photo by Jessica Shyba
48. We Don't Need No Stupid Lens Mounts
F-mount? EF-Mount? Nah, that's not how they do it in Mother Russia. Alexey Kljatov taped a $50 lens to his point and shoot camera and then photographed snowflakes. Why? Because they look like this!
Photo by Alexey Kljatov
49. Maybe I'll Meet My Friends in Real Life After All
I love my computers. And the Internet. But Julien Mauve's "Lonely Window" series makes me want to throw my laptop out of the window. What sort of self-hypnotic trance have we fallen under?
Photo by Julien Mauve
50. Shed a Tear for Photography
First it was bees, and now Rose-Lynn Fischer has aimed her microscope at tears. "I started the project about five years ago, during a period of copious tears, amid lots of change and loss—so I had a surplus of raw material." Amen to that. Strange landscapes emerge from the crystalized salts that form on her slides like this one entitled "Tears of Change" that combines geometric and more organic shapes with a beautiful vignette.
51. Photographing the Lion Kings
Nikon Ambassador Chris McLennan isn't satisfied photographing lions from a jeep, so he teamed up with HP engineer Carl Hansen to refit an old camera "blimp" with a remote-controlled buggy. Inside the housing was a 36MP Nikon D800E, which provided Chris with much sharper images than the GoPro he previously experimented with. The result, great photos and over 4 million views on YouTube.
52. We Said "Photograph" not "Shoot"
Television personality Melissa Bachman found out the hard way that shooting lions (legally, mind you) and then posting your victory photo to Instagram is frowned upon by pretty much everyone.
Photo by Melissa Bachman
53. If Only for a Second
At some point in your life, you will be affected by cancer. Cancer of a friend, loved one, family member or even yourself. This horrible disease can sap the energy and optimism from even the heartiest of souls. But what if you could, for even one second, restore joy and happiness. The Mimi Foundation works to improve the quality of life of cancer patients, not from a medical view, but by striving to improve emotional well-being.
The Foundation worked with Leo Burnett France to make-over 20 patients and then photograph their reaction when they finally saw themselves in a one-way mirror. Maybe the sensation was ephemeral and fleeting, but the photos will last beyond their dying days as a testament to their vivaciousness.
54. Why Do You Take Photos?
I took over 60,000 photos this year — more than I ever have before in a year. Photos from my Nikon D4, D800 and Sony RX-1 live on two separate RAID sets and on PhotoShelter. A few thousand more reside on my iPhone, and many were lost forever to Snapchat. But why bother? Photos are a visual language that connect me to places, people and memories. They are a reminder of all the things that make life interesting, banal, happy, sad, and the entire gamut of human experience.
A few weeks ago, I headed over to the Big Island of Hawai'i for the first time since 1981. We hiked down into Waipio valley, a sacred place to the ancient Hawaiians. As the sun dropped low in the sky, we made our way back across where the river meets the ocean. It was a magical moment with great friends. Photons bombarded a sensor which converted analog into digital, and when my own memory fails me, the photo will be an indelible reminder of an incredible day.
Photo by Allen Murabayashi
I love photography.
About the author: Allen Murabayashi is the Chairman and Co-founder of PhotoShelter. Allen is a graduate of Yale University, and flosses daily. This article originally appeared here.
1. You can make a photograph of anything and anyone on any public property, except where a specific law prohibits it. e.g. streets, sidewalks, town squares, parks, government buildings open to the public, and public libraries. 2. You may shoot on private property if it is open to the public, but you are obligated to stop if the owner requests it. e.g. malls, retail stores, restaurants, banks, and office building lobbies. 3. Private property owners can prevent photography ON their property, but not photography OF their property from a public location. 4. Anyone can be photographed without consent when they are in a public place unless there is a reasonable expectation of privacy. e.g. private homes, restrooms, dressing rooms, medical facilities, and phone booths. 5. Despite common misconceptions, the following subjects are almost always permissible: * accidents, fire scenes, criminal activities * children, celebrities, law enforcement officers * bridges, infrastructure, transportation facilities * residential, commercial, and industrial buildings 6. Security is rarely an acceptable reason for restricting photography. Photographing from a public place cannot infringe on trade secrets, nor is it terrorist activity. 7. Private parties cannot detain you against your will unless a serious crime was committed in their presence. Those that do so may be subject to criminal and civil charges. 8. It is a crime for someone to threaten injury, detention, confiscation, or arrest because you are making photographs. 9. You are not obligated to provide your identity or reason for photographing unless questioned by a law enforcement officer and state law requires it. 10. Private parties have no right to confiscate your equipment without a court order. Even law enforcement officers must obtain one unless making an arrest. No one can force you to delete photos you have made. These are general guidelines regarding the right to make photos and should not be interpreted as legal advice. If you need legal help, please contact a lawyer.
Photographers still chuffed about about Adobe's decision to make Photoshop rental-only have a new alternative with the re-release of the pioneering LightZone application as a free, open-source program for Windows, Linux and (eventually) Mac OS.
LightZone, initially released in 2005, was one of the first programs to offer 16-bit. non-destructive editing of RAW images, plus the ongoing ability to selectively withdraw adjustments and innovative batch-processing options.
Light Crafts Inc. sold Windows and Mac versions of the program until 2011, when the company abruptly shut down. Within a few months, fans had formed the LightZombie Project to keep the software going, and Light Crafts released its code under an open-source license.
Windows and Linux flavors of the new version 4.0 were released a few weeks ago. Mac users can download a beta version of 4.o or stick with 3.9.2, the final commercial release. The new version includes all the old tools users relied on, including detailed tonal adjustments, plus a slew of new RAW profiles. Check here to see if your camera is supported in the RAW profiles yet.
The commercial versions of LightZone drew consistent praise from serious photographers, including a Macworld review that compared it favorably to Adobe and Apple competitors and concluded: "If you long for simplicity in photo editing in an un-bloated piece of software, give LightZone 3.0.6 a try. Its unique visual approach to editing, time-saving Styles, and well-designed help system will aid the learning process."
LightZone: Open-source digital darkroom software (via PDNPulse)
This article is from Chiara Fucarino. Enjoy!
There are two types of people in the world: those who choose to be happy, and those who choose to be unhappy. Contrary to popular belief, happiness doesn't come from fame, fortune, other people, or material possessions. Rather, it comes from within. The richest person in the world could be miserable while a homeless person could be right outside, smiling and content with their life. Happy people are happy because they make themselves happy. They maintain a positive outlook on life and remain at peace with themselves.
The question is: how do they do that?
It's quite simple. Happy people have good habits that enhance their lives. They do things differently. Ask any happy person, and they will tell you that they …
1. Don't hold grudges.
Happy people understand that it's better to forgive and forget than to let their negative feelings crowd out their positive feelings. Holding a grudge has a lot of detrimental effects on your wellbeing, including increased depression, anxiety, and stress. Why let anyone who has wronged you have power over you? If you let go of all your grudges, you'll gain a clear conscience and enough energy to enjoy the good things in life.
2. Treat everyone with kindness.
Did you know that it has been scientifically proven that being kind makes you happier? Every time you perform a selfless act, your brain produces serotonin, a hormone that eases tension and lifts your spirits. Not only that, but treating people with love, dignity, and respect also allows you to build stronger relationships.
3. See problems as challenges.
The word "problem" is never part of a happy person's vocabulary. A problem is viewed as a drawback, a struggle, or an unstable situation while a challenge is viewed as something positive like an opportunity, a task, or a dare. Whenever you face an obstacle, try looking at it as a challenge.
4. Express gratitude for what they already have.
There's a popular saying that goes something like this: "The happiest people don't have the best of everything; they just make the best of everything they have." You will have a deeper sense of contentment if you count your blessings instead of yearning for what you don't have.
5. Dream big.
People who get into the habit of dreaming big are more likely to accomplish their goals than those who don't. If you dare to dream big, your mind will put itself in a focused and positive state.
6. Don't sweat the small stuff.
Happy people ask themselves, "Will this problem matter a year from now?" They understand that life's too short to get worked up over trivial situations. Letting things roll off your back will definitely put you at ease to enjoy the more important things in life.
7. Speak well of others.
Being nice feels better than being mean. As fun as gossiping is, it usually leaves you feeling guilty and resentful. Saying nice things about other people encourages you to think positive, non-judgmental thoughts.
8. Never make excuses.
Benjamin Franklin once said, "He that is good for making excuses is seldom good for anything else." Happy people don't make excuses or blame others for their own failures in life. Instead, they own up to their mistakes and, by doing so, they proactively try to change for the better.
9. Get absorbed into the present.
Happy people don't dwell on the past or worry about the future. They savor the present. They let themselves get immersed in whatever they're doing at the moment. Stop and smell the roses.
10. Wake up at the same time every morning.
Have you noticed that a lot of successful people tend to be early risers? Waking up at the same time every morning stabilizes your circadian rhythm, increases productivity, and puts you in a calm and centered state.
11. Avoid social comparison.
Everyone works at his own pace, so why compare yourself to others? If you think you're better than someone else, you gain an unhealthy sense of superiority. If you think someone else is better than you, you end up feeling bad about yourself. You'll be happier if you focus on your own progress and praise others on theirs.
12. Choose friends wisely.
Misery loves company. That's why it's important to surround yourself with optimistic people who will encourage you to achieve your goals. The more positive energy you have around you, the better you will feel about yourself.
13. Never seek approval from others.
Happy people don't care what others think of them. They follow their own hearts without letting naysayers discourage them. They understand that it's impossible to please everyone. Listen to what people have to say, but never seek anyone's approval but your own.
14. Take the time to listen.
Talk less; listen more. Listening keeps your mind open to others' wisdoms and outlooks on the world. The more intensely you listen, the quieter your mind gets, and the more content you feel.
15. Nurture social relationships.
A lonely person is a miserable person. Happy people understand how important it is to have strong, healthy relationships. Always take the time to see and talk to your family, friends, or significant other.
16. Meditate.
Meditating silences your mind and helps you find inner peace. You don't have to be a zen master to pull it off. Happy people know how to silence their minds anywhere and anytime they need to calm their nerves.
17. Eat well.
Junk food makes you sluggish, and it's difficult to be happy when you're in that kind of state. Everything you eat directly affects your body's ability to produce hormones, which will dictate your moods, energy, and mental focus. Be sure to eat foods that will keep your mind and body in good shape.
18. Exercise.
Studies have shown that exercise raises happiness levels just as much as Zoloft does. Exercising also boosts your self-esteem and gives you a higher sense of self-accomplishment.
19. Live minimally.
Happy people rarely keep clutter around the house because they know that extra belongings weigh them down and make them feel overwhelmed and stressed out. Some studies have concluded that Europeans are a lot happier than Americans are, which is interesting because they live in smaller homes, drive simpler cars, and own fewer items.
20. Tell the truth.
Lying stresses you out, corrodes your self-esteem, and makes you unlikeable. The truth will set you free. Being honest improves your mental health and builds others' trust in you. Always be truthful, and never apologize for it.
21. Establish personal control.
Happy people have the ability to choose their own destinies. They don't let others tell them how they should live their lives. Being in complete control of one's own life brings positive feelings and a great sense of self-worth.
22. Accept what cannot be changed.
Once you accept the fact that life is not fair, you'll be more at peace with yourself. Instead of obsessing over how unfair life is, just focus on what you can control and change it for the better.
Mark Laita started this black and white portrait project "Created Equal" that focuses on the contrasts between people, and how their lives and cultures mold them. This fine art series shows in a rather beautiful way how similar we really are and possibly the only thing that really separates us is how we view each other. "At the heart of this collection of diptychs is my desire to remind us that we are all equal, until our environment, circumstances, or fate molded us and weathered us into whom we have become".
"For over twenty years, advertising agencies worldwide have asked Mark Laita to bring his expertise, problem-solving abilities and signature style to their most important campaings. His clean, colorful, graphic photography has earned him a reputation for award inning work for clients such as Adidas, BMW, Van Cleef and Arpels, and MINI. Based in Los Angeles since 1986, Mark also maintains a studio in Manhattan for his New York clients. His grace, wit, and straightforward manner help to create a relaxed and efficient work environment that can handle all aspects of print advertising from elaborate prop building to complicated retouching. Mark's images have been featured in campaings for clients as diverse as Estee Lauder, Budweiser, Visa, and IBM. His photography was used in the introduction of Apple's iMac, iBook, G3 and subsequent campaigns for Apple products for ten years. Mark's first book, Created Equal was published by Steidl in 2010. His second book, Sea was published by Abrams in late 2011. His upcoming book, Serpentine was released in 2013. His work has been exhibited at galleries in the U.S. and Europe."
You can purchase the book HERE at amazon.
Photo by Caroline Tran.


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Classics Illustrated Vol. 9
The Jungle
AUTHOR: Upton Sinclair
ADAPTED BY: Peter Kuper
ARTIST: Peter Kuper
Product Description
"The Jungle" recounts the shocking tale of immigrant Jurgis Rudkus and his family, who find themselves at the mercy of a brutal system in the stockyards of Chicago. The original book's exposure of the dangerous and unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry created a public furor that led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act. The mood and atmosphere is captured beautifully by Peter Kuper's art for this graphic novel adaptation of Upton Sinclair's classic work.
Release Date: May 11, 2010
Format: Hardcover
Price: $9.99
Trim Size: 6.5 x 9
Page Count: 56 pages
Age Range: 8+


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12-12-12 Wedding Extravaganza
The City of Yuma Heritage Festivals presents 12-12-12 Wedding Extravaganza...RSVP now for your chance to be a part of this historical event. Couples wanting to get married and couples who would like to renew their vows may do so on this special date.
Be one of 100 couples to get married in Yuma's Historical Theatre that's 100 years old in our 100 years old state.
A non-denominational, civil ceremony complete with 'Couples Wedding Toast' in the City's Art gallery, and reception at the Civic Center.
Apply now, time and space is limited. Contact: Perlita Wicks, Heritage Festival Coordinator at 373-5028 office or 581-4501 cell.
Wednesday, 12 December, 2012
Contact:Perlita Wicks
Phone: 928-373-5028
Website: Click to Visit
Save this Event:iCalendar
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Share this Event:Email to a Friend


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Who do you think looks best today? (5 photos)
The best street style from London Fashion Week: http://ow.ly/p48HS via @StyleCaster
Beauty Products We Love
Our holiday fragrance lineup just got more decadent thanks to #Marni's...
"This is from my favorite vintage store in Los Angeles called Shareen. I bought it for $10 and I wear it all the time."Read MoreLess


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This is the game the Apocalypse Rising. I do not own this game. I have decided to bring back a eariler version of it.-Puff
Processing Transaction
ROBLOX, "Online Building Toy", characters, logos, names, and all related indicia are trademarks of ROBLOX Corporation, ©2014. Patents pending.
ROBLOX is not sponsored, authorized or endorsed by any producer of plastic building bricks, including The LEGO Group, MEGA Brands, and K'Nex, and no resemblance to the products of these companies is intended. Use of this site signifies your acceptance of the Terms and Conditions.


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Latest News
The Church of Scientology appears to have a sexy new member.
The supermodel ex-girlfriend of Sean Penn, Jessica White, is the latest celebrity to join Tom C… READ MORE
Double Take Thursday! 'Who Wore It Best' Weekly Roundup
By Leah Ornstein – Radar Features Editor
They may pay top dollar for the most sought-after stylists in the business, but Hollywood's hottest … READ MORE
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By Leah Ornstein – Radar Style & Beauty Editor
The fiercest fashionistas and top models kicked off New York Fashion Week on Wednesday night, hit… READ MORE
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Nobody looks better in a bikini than an international supermodel!
From Tyra Banks and Heidi Klum t… READ MORE
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Stars were out in full fashion force over the weekend, having a whole lot of summer fun dressed to ro… READ MORE
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From East Coast to West, stars hit the town on Monday dressed in the best and worst fashions, and RadarOnline.com has all the photos to prove it!
PHOTOS: Gossip Flops And Love-able Looks In The Best And Worst
From the red carpet to the streets, stars were dressed in the best and worst fashions on Tuesday, and RadarOnline.com has photos of all the wardrobe winners … READ MORE
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Induction of labor refers to the process of getting childbirth labor started before nature is able to get labor started on its own.
Sometimes healthcare providers need to get labor started because of problems with the mother's health. A few examples are:
Sometimes there are problems with the pregnancy, such as:
Sometimes there are issues of timing, such as:
Before inducing labor, your healthcare provider will check the opening of your uterus (the cervix) to see if it is getting ready to allow the baby to go through. This helps your provider know how easy or difficult induction might be. Your provider will also check the baby's position. In some cases, especially if it is before your 39th week of pregnancy, your provider may want to check your baby's lungs. This can be done by testing a sample of amniotic fluid with a procedure called amniocentesis.
Labor is not induced if there is a reason to avoid a vaginal delivery such as:
Follow your healthcare provider's instructions. You may be asked to avoid eating or drinking for some period of time before being admitted to the hospital. Tell your provider about any recent illnesses you might have had or been exposed to.
Labor is usually induced at the hospital. Procedures that may be done to induce labor are amniotomy, oxytocin, a balloon catheter put in your cervix, and prostaglandin agents.
During the induction of labor, your contractions, your blood pressure, dilation of your cervix, and your baby's heart rate will be monitored.
Breaking the bag of water (amniotomy) early could increase the chance of an infection around the baby.
If labor is induced with oxytocin, there is a small risk that:
There is a higher chance that you will need a C-section if labor is induced.
If you have had a C-section for a previous birth, your healthcare provider will not use prostaglandin medicine to help with labor. The medicine would increase the chance that the scar on the uterus will open (rupture).
Most risks can be prevented with close monitoring and just a gradual increase of the dose of oxytocin. If any of these problems happen, your provider will stop giving oxytocin and may decide to deliver the baby by C-section. If the baby is very far down the birth canal and the cervix is wide open, your provider may use forceps or vacuum extraction to deliver the baby vaginally.


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My DS started tummy time on his own, before I even thought about it. He was born at 4:48 PM and by 9:30 PM he was picking his head up and holding it upright for 30 seconds to a minute at a time.
He's 1 month old today and can support his head on


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Document Type Master's Dissertation Author Visser, Christina Magdalena firstname.lastname@example.com URN etd-05152007-092134 Document Title Die toepaslikheid van 'n Afrikaanse vertaling van die Scan-C : test for auditory processing disorders in children-revised vir voorskoolse leerders (Afrikaans) Degree M (Communication Pathology) Department Communication Pathology Supervisor
Advisor Name Title Dr N G Campbell Prof B Louw Keywords
- ouditiewe prosesseringsafwykings
- voorskoolse identifisering
- oudioloog en spraak-taalterapeut
- diagnostiese ouditiewe prosesseringstoetse
- preschool identification
- auditory processing disorders
- multidisciplinary approach
- audiologist and speech language therapist
- auditory processing screening tests
- diagnostic auditory processing tests
- ouditiewe prosesseringsiftingstoetse
- multidissiplinęre benadering
Date 2006-02-15 Availability unrestricted AbstractCurrently a need for auditory processing test material for the identification of auditory processing disorders in children exists in the South African context. The purpose of this study was the Afrikaans translation and cultural adaptation of the SCAN-C: Test for Auditory Processing Disorders in Children-Revised (Keith, 2000a) and to determine the appropriateness thereof for preschool children. To achieve the objective of this study the research was performed in three phases and quantitative-descriptive research was utilized, with different methods for each of the phases. In Phase I the SCAN-C (Keith, 2000a) was translated and culturally adapted into Afrikaans for learners in Grade R. In Phase II the Siftingstoets vir Ouditiewe Prosesseringsafwykings (STOPA) was reviewed by speech-language therapists and/or audiologists as well as Grade R teachers (n = 11) by means of a customized questionnaire to determine appropriateness of the STOPA. A pilot study was conducted on Grade R learners (n = 10) before the STOPA was finalized and recorded. In Phase III the STOPA was performed on Grade R learners identified with normal auditory processing (n = 16) as well as Grade R learners identified with an auditory processing disorder (n = 14) to determine the validity and accuracy of the STOPA. The results indicated that the STOPA is age and culturally appropriate but that the validity and accuracy of the STOPA could not yet be proved. Clinical implications for identification, diagnosis and intervention for children with auditory processing disorders were discussed in order to provide the audiologist and speech-language therapist with evidence-based principles for clinical practice. Implications for further research include refining the STOPA during which normative data should be obtained. This study can therefore be viewed as the first step to standardize the STOPA, as well as to develop test material for other language and culture groups for the early identification of auditory processing disorders in children. Files
Filename Size Approximate Download Time (Hours:Minutes:Seconds)
28.8 Modem 56K Modem ISDN (64 Kb) ISDN (128 Kb) Higher-speed Access 00front.pdf 88.52 Kb 00:00:24 00:00:12 00:00:11 00:00:05 < 00:00:01 01chapters1-2.pdf 355.42 Kb 00:01:38 00:00:50 00:00:44 00:00:22 00:00:01 02chapter3.pdf 3.14 Mb 00:14:33 00:07:29 00:06:33 00:03:16 00:00:16 03chapters4-5.pdf 526.09 Kb 00:02:26 00:01:15 00:01:05 00:00:32 00:00:02 04appendicesA-D.pdf 1.83 Mb 00:08:28 00:04:21 00:03:48 00:01:54 00:00:09 05appendixE.pdf 2.21 Mb 00:10:13 00:05:15 00:04:35 00:02:17 00:00:11 06appendicesF-S.pdf 1.03 Mb 00:04:46 00:02:27 00:02:08 00:01:04 00:00:05


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Chestnut holds hot dog recordBy JULIE WALKER
The Associated Press | July 05,2014AP photo
Joey Chestnut raises his trophy in the air after winning Nathans Famous Fourth of July International Hot Dog Eating contest at Coney Island, Friday in New York. Chestnut finished first by consuming 61 hot dogs and buns.NEW YORK High-ranking chowhound Joey Jaws Chestnut dropped to one knee and proposed to his longtime girlfriend before Fridays annual hot dog eating contest, then packed away 61 franks and buns to hold onto his coveted mustard yellow winners belt.
The San Jose, Calif., resident fell far short of his record last year of 69 dogs and buns, but he still easily beat second-place finisher Matt Stonie, also of San Jose, who downed 56. Winning was the only option, the newly engaged champion said afterward. I wasnt going to taint today with a loss.
Chestnut took a quick timeout before the annual Nathans Famous Fourth of July Hot Dog Eating Contest at Coney Island to make it official with his longtime girlfriend, Neslie Ricasa, who is also a competitive eater.
In the womens division, defending champion Sonya Black Widow Thomas lost her title to Miki Sudo.
Sudo, of Las Vegas, wolfed down 34 franks and buns. Thomas, of Alexandria, Virginia, devoured 27¾.
Chestnut has won eight times in a row. In 2010, his former rival Takeru Kobayashi refused to sign an exclusive contract with Major League Eating, the food equivalent of the NFL, and was banned from competition.
This year, the Japanese native, nicknamed the Tsunami, competed against five other eaters at a separate event in Manhattan in a quest to down the most hot dogs without buns in 10 minutes. He was victorious in that bun-less eat-off, downing 113 frankfurters, an event spokeswoman said.MORE IN This Just InBURLINGTON - The Auxiliary Bishop of Indianapolis has been appointed the 10th Bishop of... Full StoryCandlelight vigils held to raise awareness for the homeless take place all over the country each... Full StoryAfter years of steadfast promises, Gov. Full Story
- Most Popular
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- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Vermont Gas Systems puts Phase 2 on hold as the latest estimate for Phase 1 takes a 27 percent leap upward, to a total of $157 million; U.S. Attorney Tristram Coffin quits for job with private firm; police cite man in pot bust.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: In 1972, Christmas bombing of North Vietnam ordered by President Richard Nixon, most lethal strikes of the war; in 1989, U.S. invades Panama to depose, arrest and charge Gen. Manuel Noriega with drug trafficking, racketeering.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Gov. Peter Shumlin announces demise of his single-payer health insurance initiative; convicted first-degree murderer Alan Prue sentenced to 50 years for killing teacher Melissa Jenkins; veterans chafed about park naming snub.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: In 497 BC, first Saturnalia festival celebrated in Rome, Scandinavians retain 'Yule Goat' as symbol of season, Krampus, evil side of holiday cheer, terrorizes children into better behavior, more advice from Christopher Hitchens.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: In 533 AD, Byzantine Emperor Justinian I gets the old empire back together again routing the Vandals from Carthage; in 1890, Lakota Chief Sitting Bull is killed at his home in South Dakota; in 1970, Soviets land probe on Venus.
- DUANE CARLETON: Rutland Herald Events Editor George Nostrand interviews musician Duane Carleton, whose new CD 'A GIRL LIKE THAT' drops Thursday, Dec. 18, 2014, and will be celebrated that evening with a show at 9:30 p.m. at Killington's Pickle Barrel.


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March 23, 2012
An organization that is supposed to exemplify and celebrate life should not be giving money to the largest purveyor of death via abortion, Planned Parenthood. I am sure Komen could have given an equal or greater amount to some worthy organization that does the same few screenings that Planned Parenthood performs but does not murder babies. I did not know Komen gave money to Planned Parenthood prior to the recent flip-flop, but now that I do know, Komen will no longer be receiving my support. I am sure I can find another cancer foundation that does not give money to murderers. Some who read this may disagree, but if any of you who are parents and have seen the ultrasounds of your children prior to their being born can look me in the eye and say that unborn babies are not deserving of the same protections as others, I will call you a liar. God is watching.
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E's News: Steve Irwin's Cameraman Recalls Last Words
March 10, 2014 10:25 PM
Elista Read More
CRIKEY! The first phrase that comes to mind when one might think of Steve Irwin.
It's been eight years since the crocodile hunter's tragic death and his camera man, Justin Lyons, is speaking out about his last moments…
This just makes me sad but Steve's work was unforgettable…
~ @ElistaB


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Field Day
* September 23, 2014
Grazing School
* October 1-3, 2013
Contact us
David Davis
21262 Genoa Road
Linneus, MO 64653
Phone: 660 895-5121
Jim Gerrish
Introduction: Estimation of available forage dry matter is an important tool
for livestock managers in making decisions about pasture allocation. A
simple, inexpensive method for estimating available forage is to measure
height and use an estimate of forage yield per acre-inch as a multiplier to
calculate standing available forage. However, forage yield per acre-inch is
not a constant value but depends upon sward density, species composition, and
height. Grazing management can affect all three sward parameters, so there
is question whether the same yield:height relationships hold true for
continuously and rotationally stocked pastures. Data collected from one
grazing season at FSRC were analyzed to determine how much variance exists in
the sward height:forage yield relationship between continuously and
rotationally grazed pastures. We have collected yield:height measurements
for a number of years and have tried to develop useful tools to help graziers
make pasture allocation decisions.
Materials and Methods: Dry matter yield and mean sward height data were
collected in a grazing study conducted at FSRC during the 1996 grazing
season. Pastures were either continuously (CS) or rotationally (RS) grazed
at four different stocking rates from April 25 through August 31, 1996.
Swards consisted of mixed cool-season grasses and legumes with some presence
of both annual and perennial warm-season species. Tall fescue, Kentucky
bluegrass, and orchardgrass were the primary grasses with red clover, white
clover, and birdsfoot trefoil being the dominant legumes.
Continuously grazed pastures were sampled bi-weekly along four defined
transect lines with three sample sites per transect. Four paddocks out of the
12 paddocks in each rotationally grazed pasture were sampled during each
grazing cycle before and after each grazing period. Each paddock had three
sample sites. Within each sample site in both CS and RS pastures, three
quadrats (3.25 ft2) were clipped at 1/2-in.height. A correction factor for
dead material was subtracted from the total yield and dry matter yield of
green forage (GDMY) was calculated.
At each quadrat site, mean sward height was determined using a simple
yardstick. Green forage DMY for each quadrat was divided by the measured
height at that site and GDMY/inch was calculated. Yield X height
relationships were determined through linear regression using both linear and
quadratic functions.
Results and Discussion: For the type of pasture used in this study,
height:yield relationships were significantly different for CS and RS
pastures (Figures 1 & 2). At sward heights less than 4 in., CS pastures
typically were lower yielding than RS pastures at comparable heights. Above
4-in. height, CS pastures were predicted to have higher yields than RS
pastures. This difference is likely due to reduced stand density occurring
in CS pastures when grazed below 4 in.. If continuous stocking is light
enough to allow growth to be significantly greater than 6 to 8 in., dead
material rapidly accumulates in the sward resulting in higher total DMY but
reduced GDMY. The correction factor used in this study for dead tissue was
a fixed quantity and was not adjusted for the greater dead material
percentage at higher sward yields.
Total DMY/acre-inch was significantly higher for RS pastures at lower
sward heights, but GDMY/acre-inch at sward heights less than 4 inches was
actually higher for CS pastures (Figure 2). Percentage of bare ground was
somewhat greater in CS pastures compared to RS resulting in lower DMY/acre-
inch for CS pastures. Also, CS pastures had very little dead residue below
4 inches while RS pastures had significantly more dead residue below 2 to 3
inches because RS pastures were rarely grazed below that level. As stand
density is a critical factor in the height:yield relationship, any use of
height as a predictor of yield should be tempered with an adjustment factor
for stand density. In a previous study, we reported the successful use of
multiple regression prediction equations which used both visual estimates of
species composition and ground cover coupled with sward height to predict
both GDMY and component yields.
In a practical application, producers are not likely to use such complex
techniques to estimate forage yield. Another approach to addressing the
stand density and species composition factors is to develop a table of forage
yield per acre-inch for different pasture types at different stand densities.
We have successfully used such a table in field exercises with producers in
grazing schools at FSRC (Table 1). Each pasture type X stand density cell
shows a range in expected GDMY/acre-inch. The lower yield can be used for
taller swards while the higher yield can be used for shorter swards. As an
aid to producer use, NRCS in Missouri has produced sward sticks with this
table printed on the sides of a square yard stick. The yard stick can be
used for determining stand density with the point-step method, measure sward
height, and serve as a reference table for yield information. These results
indicate that grazing management does in fact affect height:yield
Table 1. Estimated dry matter yield per acre-inch for various forages at
three stand density levels.
Stand Density
Forage 60 - 75% 75 - 90% > 90%
------------- lb/acre-inch-------------
Tall Fescue + N 250 - 350 350 - 450 450 - 550
Tall Fescue + Legumes 200 - 300 300 - 400 400 - 500
Smooth Bromegrass + Legumes 150 - 250 250 - 350 350 - 450
Orchardgrass + Legumes 100 - 200 200 - 300 300 - 400
Bluegrass + White Clover 150 - 250 300 - 400 500 - 600
Mixed pasture 150 - 250 300 - 400 400 - 500
Height:yield relationships can be taken a step farther as a simple
method for allocating pasture without worrying about estimating actual yield
or intake requirements. If we compute the average for each stand density, we
come up with 215, 333, and 450 lb/acre-inch for thin, average, and thick
pasture, respectively. If we assume that a 1000 lb lactating cow will
consume around 3% of her bodyweight, we can figure a "cow-day" to be
approximately equal to 30 lb of forage consumed. If we divide 30 lb of
forage/cow day into the lb of forage /acre inch, we find that the "cow-day"
yield of thin, average, and thick pasture to be about 7, 10, and 15
cow-days/inch of pasture consumed.
This becomes a simple method of allocating pasture: 1) Look at the
pasture density and determine it to be thin, average, or thick; 2)measure or
estimate the height of the pasture to be allocated, 3)subtract from the
total height the height of stubble you want the animals to leave, 4)multiply
the difference between starting height and ending height by the cow-days/inch
to figure available cow-days/acre, and 5) divide the number of cows in the
herd by cow days/acre to figure how much area should be allocated.
Step 2. We measure the height to be 8".
Step 3. We would like to leave a 3" residual, so 8" - 3" = 5" to be
Step 4. 5 inch grazed X 10 cow-days/acre-inch = 50 cow-days/acre.
Step 5. If we have 100 cows, we should allocate 2 acres/day.
If you are going to use a flexible paddock system where temporary fences
are strung between two permanent subdivision fences, it is very desirable to
set the main fences at a spacing that allows for simple calculation of acre
increments. It is very handy to have the lineposts in the permanent fences
set at known intervals that mark fractional acre increments. For example, if
the permanent strips are 300 ft wide, then lineposts at 50 ft intervals mark
about 1/3 acre strips. Forward planning at fence building time can make
future operation of the system much simpler.
This example works fine for 1000 lb cows, but what about other classes
of livestock. As grazing management is an imprecise science due to ever
changing conditions, we are only looking for an approximation, not
perfection. If cows are anywhere in the 900 to 1200 lb range, the simple
approach used above will probably be adequate. If you have livestock of
different weights, you can add up the total estimated weight of all the
livestock in the herd, divide by 1000 and be fairly close to "cow-day"
Site maintained by people at AgEBB


text:
MOBILE CO., Ala. (WALA) – Fishing is about making memories to last a lifetime. With school out for summer, it's a good time to take the kids fishing. This is a great way to introduce young people to the outdoors.
You want a successful outing, and panfish like bream are really good species to target. A good private farm pond makes for a great place for kids to learn. The best way to do that is to have a real simple rig with a bobber so you can see the bobber going down. A small split shot, a small hook, #2 gold hook right here, and crickets for bait. Crickets are the best way to fish for bream, they are not nearly as messy as worms. Take that cricket and fish it a couple of feet below a cork, and just set it out
Try planning a trip around 9 or 10am, so you can beat the heat. I like to keep the fishing trips with the kids short. After an hour or so, it's a good idea to take a break and enjoy some lunch or a nice snack.


text:
LST-905 was laid down on 19 November 1944 at Pittsburgh, Pa., by the Dravo Corp.; launched on 30 December 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Paul Gulling; and commissioned on 20 January 1945.
During World War II, LST-905 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater and participated in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in June 1945. Following the war, she performed occupation duty in the Far East until early December 1945. She was decommissioned on 11 September 1946 and assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet. On 1 July 1955, the ship was redesignated Madera County (LST-905) (q.v.) after a county in central California. Recommissioned on 30 March 1963, Madera County saw extensive service in the Vietnam War commencing in 1966. She was transferred to the Philippine Navy in November 1969 where she served as Ilteos Norte (LT-98).
LST-905 earned one battle star for World War II service, and one award of the Meritorious Unit Commendation and nine battle stars for Vietnam service.


text:
The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) will hold a public meeting on the North Texas Municipal Water District's (NTMWD) application for a Municipal Solid Waste Permit Amendment for the Lookout Drive Transfer Station.
The meeting will take place 7 p.m. Tuesday, Oct. 9, at the Douglas Otto Middle School Cafetorium, 504 North Star Rd. in Plano. The meeting will consist of two parts, an informal discussion period and a formal comment period.
During the informal discussion, the public may ask questions of TCEQ and NTMWD staff concerning the permit application. During the formal comment period, members of the public may state comments orally into the official record. The TCEQ Executive Director will later prepare a written response to all comments submitted. The public may also submit written comments during the meeting or before the meeting to the Office of the Chief Clerk, TCEQ, Mail Code MC-105, P.O. Box 13087; Austin, Texas 78711-3087 or electronically at http://www.tceq.texas.gov/about/comments.html.
Copies of the permit application are available at Richardson City Hall, 411 W. Arapaho Rd., or at the NTMWD offices, 505 E. Brown St. in Wylie, as well as online at https://ntmwd.com/lookoutdrivets.html. The permit would allow construction of a new Transfer Station building, which would replace the existing facility.
411 W. Arapaho Rd. Richardson, TX 75080-4551 PH# 972 -744-4100 | Mailing Address P.O. Box 830309 Richardson, TX 75083-0309
© 2014 City of Richardson, TX | Privacy Policy
Accommodation request for persons with disabilities should be made by contacting Susan Mattson, ADA Coordinator,
Phone: 972 744-0908, Email at firstname.lastname@example.com, or by appointment at 1621 E. Lookout Driver, Richardson Tx. 75082.


text:
The Talking Heads have released "Theme," a cut recorded in 1976, one year before the band dropped its first album. The track was recorded July 30, 1976 during the band's performance at NYC punk club CBGB.
The cut is streaming via a Dutch Heads fan site (www.talking-heads.nl/) and clocks in at five minutes, according to Spin:
"The five-minute song opens with ominous guitar and soon spreads out, finding a sun-dappled beachy groove before culminating in a noisy finish."
There is also some stage banter recorded in the clip. After David Byrne intros the instrumental, an audience member calls out, "No title?" Byrne responds, "We call it 'Theme,' but then we just keep it to ourselves."
Copyright(c) 2013 RTTNews.com. All Rights Reserved


text:
Craig Weiss RaymondDiscuss0
37,600pages on
this wiki
this wiki
Craig Weiss Raymond was a Human, and a progeny of Clare Raymond. He was the son of Sherman P. Raymond II and Francis M. Raymond. He was born in 2051 in New York, New York. His siblings were Chris Tezber Raymond and Sarah Paul Raymond. He married Nicki Kreitzman, and they had two sons named Deron Warner and Marvin Hildebrandt. Craig died in 2120. (TNG: "The Neutral Zone", okudagram)
The name of this character was never mentioned in dialog; the name came from the remastered Clare Raymond family tree.
Craig Weiss Raymond was named after Director of Visual Effects for CBS Digital Craig Weiss.