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Offer: Women Empowerment Classroom - Free Video Modules and Lesson Plans
We are proud to announce Independent Television Service's Community Classroom program and its newly released resource for educators and organizations, International Edition - Women's Empowerment.
This innovative resource provides video excerpted from ITVS's award-winning documentaries exploring stories of women's leadership and empowerment in Bolivia, Egypt, Israel and Kenya. Video modules are accompanied by standards-based lesson plans, discussion guides and action guides for use by educators as well as non-profit, international and community-based organizations.
Community Classroom builds cultural understanding, sparks discussion and fosters global citizenship through the power of documentary film. Available for FREE to educators and non-profit organizations, the video modules and standards-based lesson plans feature culturally significant topics that are a crucial part of education in today's increasingly globalized world.
To access these resources and learn more about Community Classroom, visit www.itvs.org/classroom.
Descriptions of the films featured in the Women's Empowerment resources:
Shadya Zoabi, a charismatic 17-year-old karate world champion, strives to succeed on her own terms within her traditional Muslim village in northern Israel. Despite her father's support, she faces the challenge of balancing her dreams with her religious commitments and other's expectations. Shadya takes an intimate look at the evolution of a young Israeli Arab woman with feminist ideas in a male- dominated culture.
Shayfeen.com: We're Watching You
After 24 years of leadership under President Mubarak's National Democratic Party, Egypt is a nation on the brink of change. However, violence and widespread allegations of fraud accompany the first democratic multiparty elections in 2005. The film follows three women activists in their quest to expose the truth about Egypt's new democracy.
Taking Root
How does the simple act of planting trees lead to winning the Nobel Peace Prize? Ask Wangari Maathai of Kenya. In 1977, she suggested rural women plant trees to address problems stemming from a degraded environment. Under her leadership, their tree-planting grew into a nationwide movement to safeguard the environment, defend human rights and promote democracy, earning Maathai the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.
Waiting for the Revolution
For over 500 years the indigenous people of the Andes have had to endure racism and discrimination. Now, with democracy on their side, the time has come for a change. Following two newly elected indigenous leaders from the campaign trail to their first year in office, filmmaker Rodrigo Vasquez journeys into the heart of the democratic revolution in Bolivia.
Wow, thank you for sharing
What a great resource. I can't wait to spend some time going through the classroom. I think many members would also be interested in this course and so I wonder if you would mind also posting this to your personal journal, as sometimes members do not explore ResourceExChange unless they are seeking something specific. By posting it also in your journal, you will reach a broader audience.
Thank you again for sharing this resource and if there is anything we can assist you with, don't hesitate to ask. Best wishes,
World Pulse


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Read on as texts between Jenelle Evans and infamous ex Kieffer Delp that the latter of course sold to Radar reveal some typically disturbing revelations. For instance; Evans called Delp the "N" word, suggested that he kill himself all while hinting that she still has emotional ties to him. Oh, and this all went down while Evans' baby daddy Nathan Griffith was behind bars!
Current Category: Kieffer Delp
We reported yesterday that Jenelle Evans' ex Kieffer Delp was arrested on Halloween for breaking or entering as well as driving with a revoked license. Since that time more information has become available about Kieffer's arrest, including that the breaking or entering charge was from an alleged incident in which he broke into Jenelle's home! Keep reading for all the details and yet another Kieffer Delp mug shot photo.
In today's edition of "Where Are They Now?" I present Jenelle Evans' ex Kieffer Delp, who just so happens to be in the exact same place he was two years ago: in Brunswick County Jail. According to online records it appears as though Kieffer (or Keeeffuh!!) decided to go trick and treating for a bit more than candy as he was arrested on Halloween and is currently facing charges of breaking and entering as well as two charges of driving with a revoked license. Keep reading for his most recent mug shot photo, his unfortunate choice for a Halloween costume last year, and his recent video rap dedicated to Jenelle.
UPDATE - We've added a second Kieffer profile mug shot.
The footage of Jenelle Evans and Kieffer Delp was extremely hard to watch on what may very well be the last episode of Teen Mom 2 ever Monday night.
There have been rumors that Teen Mom 2 star Jenelle Evans has been using heroin and that her addiction to the drug was the real reason for her recent extended hospital stay, but she has denied those claims repeatedly, insisting her hospital stay was because of her continued problems with ovarian cysts. Today the 21-year-old single mom seemed to concede her heroin problem to a certain extent by retweeting comments made by her husband Courtland Rogers, who claimed Jenelle's ex Kieffer Delp got her addicted to the drug. Keep reading for all the incriminating tweetage as well as a video that surfaced on Youtube a couple weeks ago in which Jenelle's mother Barbara Evans also says Kieffer got Jenelle using heroin.
Once again it appears that Teen Mom Jenelle Evans is completely through with her on again/off again/in jail again boyfriend Kieffer Delp after breaking up with him during an ill-fated trip to his hometown in New Jersey. (Collective "Awwwww man!" from all the Delper fans out there.) (Collective "Hoo-ray!" from all the Jenelle fans.) But before Keeeeffuh! leaves the virtual pages of starcasm forever (there's still a 42.8% chance he and Jenelle will get back together), I had to share this childhood photo of lil Kieffer shared by his mom on Twitter earlier this week.
Jenelle Evans recently traveled north to New Jersey with her boyfriend Kieffer Delp. The two had just reconciled two months prior and although the trip seemed to be a great idea, once they arrived things went south. In the end, the Teen Mom 2 star left Kieffer behind and returned home to North Carolina but what happened during their trip had remained a mystery until earlier today when Jenelle took to her blog to tell all.
As we revealed earlier this week, Teen Mom 2 star Jenelle Evans is currently in New Jersey where she has been apartment hunting with boyfriend Kieffer Delp. But, the 20-year-old's trip took a bit of a bad turn earlier today when she was forced to go to the hospital for a burst cyst. And to add insult to her injury, she and Kieffer have broken up yet again, leaving Jenelle "all alone with no support" in a hospital in New Jersey. Keep reading for our exclusive update from Jenelle just moments ago!
Jenelle Evans and her current boyfriend Kieffer Delp have embarked on a road trip to New Jersey, and while rumors have surfaced that Jenelle and Kieffer are living out of her car after running out of money and getting evicted, the Teen Mom 2 star says that's a bunch of B.S. She even claims she has photographic evidence to prove that she's not broke.
Are you about three break-ups and reconciliations behind in Teen Mom 2 star Jenelle Evans and Kieffer Delp's on-again, off-again, on-again, off-again, on-again, off-again… relationship? Are you having to call off from work in an attempt to stay up to date on their current status? If so, have no fear! Starcasm is here! Introducing the Jeniefferometer, an amazing device built by our in-house technicians (aka third-world sweatshop) that will monitor Jenelle and Kieffer for you! Keep reading to see it in action and find out the current status of Jenieffer!

subset: commoncrawl


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2013 Nissan AltimaNew-generation Altima sedan designed and built to take the midsize-segment lead
Asked to name the top selling midsize cars in America, most folks will likely say: "Toyota Camry and Honda Accord." The top domestics? Chevy Malibu and Ford Fusion. Top Koreans? Hyundai Sonata and Kia Optima. Not to forget the fast-rising German Volkswagen Passat. But few likely know that the Nissan Altima rose to number two in this cutthroat competitive class last year, beating out the Accord and everything else but Camry. Really? Yes, really.
And far from satisfied with its new number two ranking in midsize sedans, Nissan has set out to overtake Camry with this all-new 2013 Altima. Can it unseat the bland but popular redesigned 2013 Camry, while staying ahead of the all-new 2013 Accord, Malibu, Fusion, et al? Maybe so.
Best in Class?
This 2013 Nissan Altima is a bit bigger, roomier, nimbler, quicker and more feature loaded than the strong-selling 2012 it replaces, yet it's also some 80 lbs. lighter and more fuel efficient. And while most midsize competitors have moved away from optional V6 engines in favor of turbocharged fours to ensure Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) compliance, Altima still offers the choice of a standard four-cylinder or an available V6, both driving through the industry's best Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT).
About the same length as the outgoing 2012, the new Nissan Altima sits on the same wheelbase but with 1.4-in.-wider tracks and 0.8-in.-deeper fenders to accommodate larger wheels and tires, all of which improve its agility and give it a strong, athletic stance. Its windshield is "faster" and its A-pillars are a bit more angled, its rear roofline pours gracefully into a taller rear deck, its large taillights flow smoothly into its bodysides, and its drag coefficient (Cd) is a slick 0.299.
Comfortable, "Class-Above" Interior
The nicely appointed interior of the 2013 Nissan Altima complements that handsome "class-above" look and offers a plethora of new features, some class-exclusive. It's finely crafted with plenty of soft-touch materials, but its prime attraction is a pair of NASA-inspired "zero gravity" front bucket seats, which Nissan says approach the relaxed "neutral posture" that the human body assumes in a weightless environment. We can't test them in space, but we do appreciate the research, development and attention to detail that have gone into making them as fatigue-reducing as possible by lessening muscular and spinal loads and improving blood flow. Cloth seats and piano-black trim with chrome accents are standard, leather and metallic or faux wood are available, the former with a charcoal interior, the latter with blond.
Engines and Transmission
Nissan is running counter-trend by continuing to offer a V6 as the 2013 Altima's "up" engine. The standard 182-hp 2.5-liter four is redesigned for lighter weight and higher efficiency, while the 270-horsepower 3.5-liter V6 is also improved to reduce its fuel consumption. Both power the Altima's front wheels through the only gearbox offered, Nissan's next-generation Xtronic Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), which has a wider ratio spread, improved control logic and 40 percent lower friction than the one it replaces.
Not everyone loves a CVT, which lets the engine rev ahead of vehicle speed during strong acceleration, but Nissan says that this one accounts for 15 percent of the new 4-cylinder's efficiency improvement and 10 percent of the V6's gain over their 2012 counterparts, and it comes with manual steering wheel shift paddles that can simulate fixed-ratios on uplevel models. It helps the four deliver 27 mpg city and 38 mpg highway EPA ratings, the latter rating best-in-class for a gasoline engine, and the V6 a still-impressive 22 city, 30 highway.
Features and Options
The base 2013 Nissan Altima 2.5 offers a 6-way manual driver's seat, a 4-way front passenger seat, a 60/40 split folding rear bench, power steering, brakes, locks and windows, a tilt/telescoping steering wheel with touch controls, remote keyless entry with pushbutton ignition, NissanConnect Bluetooth hands-free connectivity and an excellent 4.0-in. color customizable Advanced Driver Assist display. Altima 2.5 and (V6) 3.5 S and SV add progressively more features leading up to top-of-the-line SL models with leather, premium trim, dual-zone automatic climate control, BOSE Premium Audio, heated front seats, steering wheel and outside mirrors and more, plus 18-in. wheels and tires on V6-powered (3.5) models.
There are three option packages available, plus two stand-alone options: remote start and a rear spoiler. A Convenience Package and a Navigation package are available on Nissan Altima SV models, and a Technology Package on SL models. On SVs and SLs, NissanConnect comes with a 5.0-in. color audio display, Hands-Free Messaging Assistant (it lets you listen to incoming texts and verbally respond with stock replies), Sirius XM Radio and Pandora. With Navigation, it gets a 7.0-in. touch screen with voice recognition, split-screen display and 3D-effect map views.
Unlike most, the 2013 Altima's tire pressure monitoring system provides individual tire pressures, and its class-exclusive Easy Fill Tire Alert system flashes the hazard lamps to tell you it's working when adding air to any tire, then beeps the horn to let you know when you've reached the correct pressure. Another great feature is a unique multi-function rear-view camera, part of that available Technology Package, which provides Blind Spot Warning (BSW), Lane Departure Warning (LDW) and Moving Object Detection (MOD), the latter two firsts in this segment, in addition to the usual view out back when reversing.
2013 Nissan Altima Driving Impressions
Thanks largely to its new multi-link rear suspension and the much-improved CVT, this is the finest-driving Nissan Altima yet. Around town, on freeways and on twisty back roads, it feels tight and nimble-its engineers dynamically benchmarked the size-smaller BMW 3, Audi A4 and Mercedes C-Class-yet comfortable and quiet on all but the nastiest surfaces. Much appreciated were the electro-hydraulic power steering, more precise than typical electric boost yet more energy efficient than pure hydraulic, and Active Understeer Control, which brakes the inside front wheel slightly to help get you around a curve you may have entered a bit too fast.
The 3.5-liter V6 is strong, but the upgraded 2.5-liter four is more than adequate (Nissan says it will accelerate from rest to 60 mph in 7.1-seconds), at least with light loads on fairly level roads. That unique multi-talented rear camera performed all four of its jobs well, and the NASA-inspired seats proved as fatigue-reducing as claimed in a long day of driving.
If the previous-generation Altima can beat out Honda's Accord and a host of other excellent entries to rise to second best-selling midsize sedan behind only the Toyota Camry, we don't see why this all-new, all-ways-better 2013 Nissan Altima can't complete the job by taking over leadership in its class. We'll see in time, but it's definitely worth a serious look. www.nissanusa.com
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Sweet: Angry Dems fear health policy cancellations will hurt them in 2014
By Lynn Sweet Washington Bureau Chief November 13, 2013 7:32PM
WASHINGTON, DC - NOVEMBER 13: Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV), walks up to speak to reporters after attending the weekly Democrat policy luncheon at the U.S. Capitol on November 13, 2013 in Washington, DC. Senate Democrats gathered at a luncheon to discuss their agenda. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images)
Related Stories
Updated: December 15, 2013 12:00PM
WASHINGTON — Congressional Democrats — in particular those with big 2014 contests — are angry at the Obama White House, with cancellations of health insurance policies a much bigger political threat than the botched Obamacare website and the resulting initial low enrollments.
The White House dispatched David Simas, the deputy senior adviser for communications and strategy, to a closed-door meeting of House Democrats on Wednesday, and members who were there told me the session was extremely heated.
Simas, I'm told, delivered what members considered message points instead of proposals for a substantial fix of the cancellation problem. That enraged House Democrats who have gone to the mat defending Obamacare over the years.
White House Chief of Staff Denis McDonough; Jeffrey Zients, the tech guru brought in to oversee repairs at healthcare.gov, and White House health policy strategist Chris Jennings meet with Senate Democrats on Thursday, and the session could be just as contentious if they come without something to offer.
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., I'm told, sent a strong message to the White House on Wednesday that they need to come up with a plan — be it legislation or something Obama can execute with his executive power.
The White House needs a strategy for dealing with the cancellations by Friday, because that is when a vote is scheduled in the GOP-controlled House on a bill by Rep. Fred Upton, R-Mich., to allow insurance companies to continue offering the plans withdrawn as a byproduct of Obamacare.
President Barack Obama is deservedly getting thrashed over his misleading remarks through the years that Obamacare would let people keep the health insurance policies they have. Individuals jolted by cancellation notices are understandably upset.
Former President Bill Clinton on Tuesday said Obama should "honor the commitment the federal government made to those people and let them keep what they got."
The Obama White House opposes the Upton bill on multiple grounds: It's too late because cancellations are set to kick in at the end of the year, and more important, it will unravel the economic architecture of how the health insurance markets are supposed to work under Obamacare.
White House Press Secretary Jay Carney said at the Wednesday briefing: "The president has instructed his team to come up with options for him to review. And you can expect a decision from him and an announcement from him sooner rather than later on options that we can take to address the problem that we've been discussing here with regards to those individuals who have had their individual insurance plans canceled because of the transition to the Affordable Care Act marketplaces. So, we're working on all levels to address these problems."
But without a credible alternative soon — one that can give an endangered House Democrat cover — the White House should be bracing for a host of Democratic defections on Friday.
With nothing from the White House, I can see Democratic Illinois House members elected in 2012 — Brad Schneider, Cheri Bustos, Bill Enyart and Bill Foster — voting with the Republicans on the Upton bill. These Illinois Democrats are facing potentially tough re-election battles.
Even if they are pressured by Democratic leaders to vote against the Upton bill, why would Schneider, Bustos, Enyart and Foster take a vote that guarantees them political damage? Since the Upton bill — unless it is revised — will not pass the Democratic-run Senate, why take the fall?
Last fall, during the partial federal government shutdown, Schneider, Bustos, Foster and Enyart voted for GOP bills providing piecemeal funding. I wrote then that they were inoculating themselves from future GOP complaints. That will still be true on Friday.


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Teen Take Heart
November 5, 2014 | Human Capital Blog Post
RWJF Nurse Faculty Scholar Steven J. Palazzo discusses the Teen Take Heart program, which seeks to mitigate cardiovascular risk factors in at-risk high school students.
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November 5, 2014 | Human Capital Blog Post
RWJF Nurse Faculty Scholar Steven J. Palazzo discusses the Teen Take Heart program, which seeks to mitigate cardiovascular risk factors in at-risk high school students.
May 8, 2013 | Human Capital Blog Post
Nancy Ryan-Wenger was a lead investigator of the first-ever study to systematically elicit the views of hospitalized children and adolescents on the quality of their nursing care.
August 31, 2009 | Story
Maxine Proskurowski, R.N., M.S., is a veteran soldier in the campaign for school-based health centers, which give students of all backgrounds access to high-quality, affordable health care.
September 1, 2002 | Journal Article
This study focuses on the effectiveness of home visiting by specially trained paraprofessionals and nurses as separate means of improving maternal and child health
July 25, 2006 | Program Results Report
Motherhood can be daunting for low-income, first-time mothers. In 1977, David Olds, Ph.D., began developing a nurse home-visitation model designed to help these young women take better care of themselves and their babies.
December 12, 2013 | Story
Cuts to state and local education budgets weaken school health services, despite increased need for school nurses.
February 28, 2013 | Story
New Jersey Nursing Scholar explores effects of neighborhood safety, family, and acculturation on Latina adolescent health.
July 30, 2012 | Program Results Report
Project L/EARN is an intensive, paid 10-week summer internship in health-focused research for diverse undergraduates underrepresented in the field. It includes instruction, a research project, and one-on-one faculty mentoring.
April 27, 2012 | Human Capital Blog Post
January 1, 2012 | Journal Article
Approximately 3 million children in the United States are hospitalized every year. This study examines children and adolescents' views of the quality of their nursing care while hospitalized and their physical and emotional states.


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BMW Repair in Davis
We found 35 BMW service shops and mechanics in Davis.
2 are RepairPal Certified.
Davis Import Auto Service
638 Cantrill Dr, Suite G
Davis, CA 95618Map & directions
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5681 Franklin Blvd, Suite C
Sacramento, CA 95824Map & directions
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VANDERBILT-POLICY Feb-7-2012 (620 words) xxxn
Vanderbilt: No break for religious groups on nondiscrimination policy
By Theresa Laurence
Catholic News Service
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (CNS) -- Students at Vanderbilt University packed a town hall meeting on campus to protest a school nondiscrimination policy they say is being applied unfairly and is a threat to religious liberty.
The policy requires that membership as well as leadership positions in any student organizations registered with the university be open to all, which means religious organizations also must open their leadership positions to anyone, regardless of beliefs.
For more than two months, Vanderbilt Catholic, the campus ministry program, and other student religious organizations on campus were hoping the university would not apply the policy to their groups' leadership spots.
But university administrators were on hand at the Jan. 31 town hall meeting to reiterate that they would not back down from enforcing it.
The meeting followed a Jan. 20 letter from Chancellor Nicholas Zeppos that made Vanderbilt's position clear.
"The university does not seek to limit anyone's freedom to practice his or her religion. We do, however, require all Vanderbilt-registered student organizations to observe our nondiscrimination policy," Zeppos stated. "That means membership in registered student organizations is open to everyone and that everyone, if desired, has the opportunity to seek leadership positions."
Vanderbilt Catholic chaplain Father John Sims Baker rejects the claim that "all" Vanderbilt registered student organizations are bound by the nondiscrimination policy. "There are literally dozens of student organizations that are exempt. All fraternities and sororities are discriminatory in leadership and membership. They don't let just anyone join," he said. "The policy is unfairly applied to religious groups."
Despite protests from students, as well as from outside Christian legal counsels and Nashville Bishop David R. Choby, among others, Vanderbilt University decided not to make any exceptions for religious student organizations.
In November, Bishop Choby wrote to Chancellor Zeppos, asking the university to "not apply Vanderbilt's laudatory nondiscrimination policy in this unfortunate manner."
Vanderbilt Catholic has taken up the issue mostly in solidarity with fellow religious student organizations, including the Christian Legal Society and Fellowship of Christian Athletes, whose constitutions currently violate the nondiscrimination policy. These groups could lose their standing as registered student organizations if they do adapt to the nondiscrimination policy.
"We saw the way other religious groups were being treated and could not sit by in good conscience, because it's not fair," Father Baker told the Tennessee Register, Nashville's diocesan newspaper. "There are no other schools that have a policy like Vandy and enforce it like they do."
Vanderbilt Catholic recently submitted a new constitution to Vanderbilt administrators to seek annual re-approval for their organization. Religious student organizations in good standing are allowed use of the Vanderbilt name, funding from the Interfaith Council, space on the web server, and worship time in the on-campus Benton Chapel.
Vanderbilt Catholic's one-page constitution doesn't explicitly state that those running for leadership positions must be practicing Catholics, but "it makes our mission very clear," Father Baker said.
If Vanderbilt Catholic's constitution were not approved for some reason, Father Baker said, it would not spell the end for the thriving Catholic campus ministry program.
The organization's headquarters, the Frassati House, is located on the grounds of the Cathedral of the Incarnation and is owned by the Diocese of Nashville. Vanderbilt Catholic also would continue to have ready access to Mass at the cathedral.
Father Baker doesn't worry too much about Vanderbilt Catholic being hijacked by outsiders, but, he said, "there is a possibility for someone hostile to your mission to try and take over, to run for president, for a publicity stunt, and it could be very disruptive," he said.
But for now, Vanderbilt Catholic's mission and regular slate of activities is going ahead as scheduled.
"We're just going forward ... working on the salvation of souls," Father Baker said.
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OtterBox 1000 Waterproof Case - Black (Refurbished)
Regular Price: $19.99
The OtterBox 1000 Series Case is perfect for protecting your valuables from the elements, whatever they may be. The OtterBox 1000 provides water-tight protective storage for your cellular device, keys, spare battery, and credit cards. It is crush-proof and it even floats! The OtterBox is a patented drybox designed to handle full submersions up to 100 feet.Learn More


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Making Sen$e with Paul Solman
In Greece, New Measures Rile Many Citizens
Paul Solman looks at how Greek citizens are coping with the debt crisis and speaks with Prime Minister George Papandreou.
This video is from the Making Sen$e with Paul Solman video series from PBS. Learn more about these videos and view a listing of the most recent videos we have available.
Key Concepts
Budget, Budget Deficit, Choice, Fiscal Policy, Unemployment, Debt, Government Failure, Public-Choice Analysis, Government Failures/Public-Choice Analysis
Students will visit "A Citizen's Guide to the Federal Budget," and use the federal government web site to obtain information which will help them understand basic information about the budget of the United States Government for the current fiscal year.
Grades 9-12
This lesson defines and compares the National Debt with the National Deficit. Students will discover the differences between the two and look at current trends. Students will examine the amount of per-capita debt and be exposed to the reality of the amount the national debt is increasing every d...
Grades 9-12
Most high school students are comfortable using mobile phones. Many high school students use smartphones, such as iPhones, which are becoming part of our culture. It is also becoming more cost effective to use the broad range of smartphone services to cut down on other costs such as watches, game...
Grades 9-12
This lesson provides an introduction and an overview of the Budget Control Act of 2011. Students will be given information about the legislation and presented with different proposals for dealing with the long-term deficit problem of the United States.
Grades 9-12
Consumers are faced with tough choices because so many innovative and exciting products and services are available. Therefore, engraining a decision-making process that includes considering of opportunity cost is necessary to shape future consumer behavior.
Grades 9-12


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Tag Archives: DC Shoes
Firing Line: Tommy Fynn
"Wow, here is a really eye-pleasing line. This is a thing of beauty—even your grandma would dig this one." – Thrasher Magazine
Belcopalooza Champ: Tommy Fynn
SAT 5TH OCT, 2013: BELCONNEN SKATEPARK, CANBERRA This past weekend saw one of Australia's largest skate pilgrimages hone in on Canberra's Belconnen Skatepark for Belcopalooza 2013. Click here for more info and coverage – http://sba.org.au/Blog/belcopalooza-2013 Stereo's Tommy Fynn takes 1st … Continue reading
Afternoon In The Park: Tommy Fynn
Stereo's Tommy Fynn is back in The States after a long stint in Australia. Staying at the Casa de Nyjah, we can only predict gnarly things coming soon from Mr. Fynn. First order of business though, Tommy came by our … Continue reading
BANGIN! Tommy Fynn – The Berrics
Tommy Fynn has a BANGIN! part on The Berrics.


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Pamelia Renae Godfrey
By 01/02/2009 09:34:00
April 5, 1964 - Dec. 22, 2008
FERRIS - Funeral services for Pamelia Renae Godfrey, 44 of Ferris, were under the direction of Green Funeral Home in Ferris.
Born April 5, 1964 in Cordell, Okla., the daughter of Gail Glenn and Loretta Beth Conn Hill, she passed away Monday, Dec. 22, 2008.
She was the wife of Russell Stephen Godfrey.
She is survived by daughter Ashley Renae Duren of Ferris; son Robbie Lee Dent of Seven Points; two stepsons Wesley Allen Godfrey of Dallas and Stephen Foster Godfrey of Weatherford; two sisters Kim Osteen of Ferris and Crystal Dewall of Ferris; two brothers Scott Hill of Houston and Glenn Hill Jr. of Gun Barrel City; and two grandchildren Joshua Wayne Raper and Willow Diana Raper both of Ferris.


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MEMBER PROFILE | Leah Robinson Photography | Indiana CHILD PHOTOGRAPHER
STUDIO NAME: Leah Robinson Photography
PHOTOGRAPHER: Leah Robinson
LOCATION: Washington, Indiana
EMAIL: email@example.com
STYLE: story-telling photography
I am a lifestyle photographer based in Indiana. My main passion and focus is on maternity/birth, newborn, and child portraiture . I feel that every photograph adds to the narrative of our own stories, our our lives. Our past, future, and present.
AWARD WINNING IMAGES | Leah Robinson Photography | Indiana CHILD PHOTOGRAPHER
Leah Robinson Photography has received the following awards from NAPCP:
no NAPCP Achivements at this time!


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Below you will find a list of discussions in the Feedback & Suggestions forums at the China Defence Today Forum. The Feedback & Suggestions forum Please provide your feedback and suggestion that would help us improve this forum.
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Cinnamon Cream Cake
Posted 04 October 2004 - 02:46 PM
Posted 05 October 2004 - 05:48 AM
Posted 05 October 2004 - 06:00 AM
Posted 05 October 2004 - 06:01 AM
Posted 05 October 2004 - 06:11 AM
Do you mean a cinnamon sour cream cake or a cake with some sort of cinnamon cream or mousse filling?
I don't know whether or not it uses sour cream, but that's a possibility. It does not have any filling.
Instead of icing, I think it has a brown sugar crumbled topping and it's dusted with powdered sugar.
Posted 05 October 2004 - 06:40 AM
Heres the deal........I discovered this while working at someones bakery. To make bundt cakes, breakfast cakes (whatever you want to call them) there is a mix that can be purchased thats fab. gives your perfect results even letting you make adjustments. It's called CREAM CAKE on the bag. I believe Dawn sells this. (Someone might be able to provide a link to Dawn where you can see this product, but I have to run to work now.) I'd bet money that this is what the Corner Bakery is using, it tastes exactly the same to me.
All this is, is a cream cake mix that they adjust/flavor with their cinnamon struesel. That's how they get such consistant results from one shop to the next.
There is no cream filling in this cake. It's a simple cinnamon flavored bundt cake.
Posted 05 October 2004 - 06:45 AM
Posted 05 October 2004 - 07:01 AM
Basic cake mix (Duncan Hines Golden Butter Cake if I recall correctly) with sour cream subbed for part of the liquid. Make a streusel topping (brown sugar, cinnamon, chopped pecans). Pour about 2/3 of the batter into a prepared tube pan, sprinkle on half the streusel. Pour the rest of the batter in (as I recall, it was thick, so you had to spread gently to avoid disturbing the streusel), and sprinkle with the remaining streusel. Bake, cool, and glaze with what I think I remember was a thin powdered sugar + milk glaze.
I could probably come close to recreating it now, but I imagine I'd use a good scratch recipe instead of the DH mix.
BCakes by BKeith
Posted 05 October 2004 - 07:27 AM
Food Pix (plus others)
Please take pictures of all the food you get to try (and if you can, the food at the next tables)............................Dejah
Posted 05 October 2004 - 08:05 AM
Posted 05 October 2004 - 08:46 AM
Posted 05 October 2004 - 08:52 AM
Posted 05 October 2004 - 10:06 AM
Orange Cinnamon Swirl Coffee Cake
Brown Sugar-Macadamia Nut Coffee Cake
Sara's Classic Sour Cream Coffee Cake
Posted 06 October 2004 - 06:16 AM
I know we have people that love the Cake Bible by RLB. But having worked from tons of books, there are several other books I think are MUCH better for a 1 baking book cook to own. I'd reccomend buying The Bakers Dozen which is a compulation of recipes from several very well known and respected bakers. Every recipe is solid and many recipes are the best in their catagory published anywhere.
Posted 12 October 2004 - 07:36 AM
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text:
Source: Mayo Clinic
New research has uncovered a reason why some people do not respond to the rubella vaccine. Mayo Clinic researchers, who report their findings in PLOS ONE, used advanced genetic sequencing technology and analysis and found 27 genes that respond in different ways to the standard rubella vaccine. Out of a random sample of more than 700 healthy children and young adults who had received two doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, 25 participants were selected as either high or low responders. The researchers sequenced these participants' messenger RNA, which provided transcriptional data for gene expression analysis. "This study highlighted the genes potentially responsible for poor response to the rubella vaccine," says the Mayo Clinic's Dr. Gregory Poland. "We found differences in genes responsible for antigen interactions, inflammation and differences in the gene pathways involved between low and high vaccine responders."
Copyright © 2014 Information, Inc.


text:
In late April, I'm going to run my first half marathon. I know I'm a little late in the game pulling this together and it won't be ready in time, but I'm brewing it anyway – a 13.1% barleywine. If you're not familiar, 13.1 mi is the distance of a half marathon.
I've never brewed anything close to being this high. Think my highest is in the low 7% arena. So I'm curious how close I can get here.
Still tinkering with the malt bill & when to add the hops, but here's my recipe so far:
3-Gallon Batch of Barleywine
7.5# Maris Otter
7.5# Vienna Malt
.3# Amber Malt
.3# Wheat Malt
1# CaraPils
.2# Victory
.2# Caramel 60L
.3# Candi Sugar
1.5 oz East Kent
.5 oz Fuggles
White Labs English Ale
Planning on brewing it this weekend. Fingers crossed.


text:
Created: 01/28/2014 6:13 PM
By: Erica Zucco, KOB Eyewitness News 4
The family of Daniel Sanchez is grieving, but they're also furious.
"It's bad enough that we lost Danny... just because of the stupidity of somebody getting behind the wheel, drinking and driving," family spokesperson Gina Silva said.
Twenty-seven year old Jacob Williams is accused of driving drunk and hitting Sanchez's motorcycle, killing him and injuring his daughter. Minutes before the crash, Christy Sisneros says she saw Jacobs driving poorly and she called 911. She lives in the county and no deputies responded before he drove off again and allegedly caused the crash.
The Valencia County Sheriff's office says they only had five deputies working at the time, and they were tied up with other crimes and another fatal crash. A spokespersons says current funding only allows for the five deputies per shift.
While that's in addition to city-wide police departments, the sheriff's office says they could still use more hands on deck. It would be up to county commissioners to provide more money and add more people per shift.
KOB welcomes a lively and courteous discussion as long as you follow the rules of conduct set forth in our Terms of Use. Comments are not pre-screened before they post. You agree that anything you post may be used, along with your name and profile picture, in accordance with our Privacy Policy and the license you have granted pursuant to our Terms of Use.
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AUSTIN – Gov. Rick Perry today issued the following statement on U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius' Obamacare tour in Texas:
"Today, Secretary Sebelius is back in Texas to again explain the increasingly-convoluted, and increasingly-delayed, implementation of the federal exchange system. With due respect, the secretary and our president are missing the point: It's not that Americans don't understand Obamacare, it's that we understand it all too well. In Texas, we've been fighting Obamacare from the beginning, refusing to expand a broken Medicaid system and declining to set up a state health insurance exchange. We took these steps to minimize the damage Obamacare will cause to our economy and state budget, although we're all too aware Obamacare will still cause our state immense budgetary challenges in the years ahead, just like it will to families and small businesses across our country."


text:
Vyacheslav Molotov
|Vyacheslav Molotov
Вячеслав Молотов
|Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union
|In office
19 December 1930 – 6 May 1941
|Preceded by
|Alexei Rykov
|Succeeded by
|Joseph Stalin
|First Deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
|In office
16 August 1942 – 29 June 1957
|Joseph Stalin
Georgy Malenkov
Nikolai Bulganin
|Preceded by
|Nikolai Voznesensky
|Succeeded by
|Nikolai Bulganin
|Minister of Foreign Affairs
|In office
3 May 1939 – 4 March 1949
|Joseph Stalin
|Preceded by
|Maxim Litvinov
|Succeeded by
|Andrey Vyshinsky
|In office
5 March 1953 – 1 June 1956
|Georgy Malenkov
Nikolai Bulganin
|Preceded by
|Andrey Vyshinsky
|Succeeded by
|Dmitri Shepilov
|Responsible Secretary of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik)
|In office
March 1921 – April 1922
|Preceded by
|Nikolay Krestinsky
|Succeeded by
|Joseph Stalin
(as general secretary)
|Full member of the 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th Presidium
|In office
1 January 1926 – 27 February 1957
|Candidate member of the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th Politburo
|In office
16 March 1921 – 1 January 1926
|Full member of the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th Secretariat
|In office
16 March 1921 – 21 December 1930
|Full member of the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th Orgburo
|In office
16 March 1921 – 21 December 1930
|Personal details
|Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Skryabin
9 March 1890
Kukarka, Russian Empire
|8 November 1986
(aged 96)
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
|Political party
|Communist Party of the Soviet Union
|Polina Zhemchuzhina
Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (Russian: Вячесла́в Миха́йлович Мо́лотов [vʲɪt͡ɕɪˈslaf mʲɪˈxaɪləvɪt͡ɕ ˈmolətəf]; 9 March [O.S. 25 February] 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin. Molotov served as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (Premier) from 1930 to 1941, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1939 to 1949 and from 1953 to 1956. He served as First Deputy Premier from 1942 to 1957, when he was dismissed from the Presidium of the Central Committee by Nikita Khrushchev. He retired in 1961 after several years of obscurity.
Molotov was the principal Soviet signatory of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact of 1939 (also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), whose most important provisions were added in the form of a secret protocol that stipulated an invasion of Poland and partition of its territory between Germany and the Soviet Union. This effectively sealed the beginning of World War II and made the Soviet Union an unofficial ally of Nazi Germany in the period from 1939 until the German invasion in 1941. During this period, Molotov knew of the Katyn massacre committed by the Soviet authorities. Following the end of World War II (Great Patriotic War), Molotov was involved in negotiations with the Western Allies, where he became noted for his diplomatic skills. He kept his place as a leading Soviet diplomat and politician until 1949. In March 1949, after losing Stalin's favor, he lost the foreign affairs ministry leadership to Andrei Vyshinsky. Molotov's relationship with Stalin deteriorated further, with Stalin complaining about Molotov's mistakes in a speech to the 19th Party Congress. However, after Stalin's death in 1953, Molotov was staunchly opposed to Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy. Molotov defended the policies and legacy of Stalin until his death in 1986, and harshly criticised Stalin's successors, especially Nikita Khrushchev.
- 1 Biography
- 2 Decorations and awards
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 Further reading
- 6 External links
Early life and career (1890–1930)[edit]
Molotov was born Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Skryabin (Russian: Вячеслав Михайлович Скря́бин) in the village of Kukarka (now Sovetsk in Kirov Oblast), the son of a shop clerk. Contrary to a commonly repeated error, he was not related to the composer Alexander Scriabin.[1] Throughout his teen years, he was described as "shy" and "quiet", always assisting his father with his business. He was educated at a secondary school in Kazan, and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) in 1906, soon gravitating toward that organisation's radical Bolshevik faction, headed by V. I. Lenin.[2]
Skryabin took the pseudonym "Molotov," derived from the Russian word молоток molotok (hammer) for his political work owing to the name's vaguely "industrial" ring.[2] He was arrested in 1909 and spent two years in exile in Vologda. In 1911 he enrolled at the St Petersburg Polytechnic. Molotov joined the editorial staff of a new underground Bolshevik newspaper called Pravda, meeting Joseph Stalin for the first time in association with the project.[3] This first association between the two future Soviet leaders proved to be brief, however, and did not result in an immediate close political association.[3]
Molotov worked as a so-called "professional revolutionary" for the next several years, writing for the party press and attempting to better organize the underground party.[3] He moved from St. Petersburg to Moscow in 1914 at the time of the outbreak of World War I.[3] It was in Moscow the following year that Molotov was again arrested for his party activity, this time being deported to Irkutsk in eastern Siberia.[3] In 1916 he escaped from his Siberian exile and returned to the capital city, now called Petrograd by the Tsarist regime, which thought the name St. Petersburg sounded excessively German.[3]
Molotov became a member of the Bolshevik Party's committee in Petrograd in 1916. When the February Revolution occurred in 1917, he was one of the few Bolsheviks of any standing in the capital. Under his direction Pravda took to the "left" to oppose the Provisional Government formed after the revolution. When Joseph Stalin returned to the capital, he reversed Molotov's line;[4] but when the party leader, Lenin, arrived, he overruled Stalin. Despite this, Molotov became a protégé of and close adherent to Stalin, an alliance to which he owed his later prominence.[5] Molotov became a member of the Military Revolutionary Committee which planned the October Revolution, which effectively brought the Bolsheviks to power.[6]
In 1918, Molotov was sent to Ukraine to take part in the civil war then breaking out. Since he was not a military man, he took no part in the fighting. In 1920, he became secretary to the Central Committee of the Ukrainian Bolshevik Party. Lenin recalled him to Moscow in 1921, elevating him to full membership of the Central Committee and Orgburo, and putting him in charge of the party secretariat. He was voted in as a non-voting member of the Politburo in 1921, and held the office of Responsible Secretary and also married Soviet politician Polina Zhemchuzhina. His Responsible Secretaryship was criticised both by Lenin and Leon Trotsky, with Lenin noting his "shameful bureaucratism" and stupid behaviour.[1] On the advice of Molotov and Nikolai Bukharin the Central Committee decided to reduce Lenin's work hours.[7] In 1922, Stalin became general secretary of the Bolshevik Party with Molotov as the de facto Second Secretary. As a young follower Molotov admired Stalin, but was open in criticism of him.[8] Under Stalin's patronage, Molotov became a member of the Politburo in 1926.[5]
During the power struggles which followed Lenin's death in 1924, Molotov remained a loyal supporter of Stalin against his various rivals: first Leon Trotsky, later Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev and finally Nikolai Bukharin. Molotov became a leading figure in the "Stalinist centre" of the party, which also included Kliment Voroshilov and Sergo Ordzhonikidze.[9] Trotsky and his supporters underestimated Molotov, as did many others. Trotsky called him "mediocrity personified", whilst Molotov himself pedantically corrected comrades referring to him as 'Stone Arse' by saying that Lenin had actually dubbed him 'Iron Arse'.[1] However, this outward dullness concealed a sharp mind and great administrative talent. He operated mainly behind the scenes and cultivated an image of a colourless bureaucrat – for example, he was the only Bolshevik leader who always wore a suit and tie.[10] In 1928 Molotov replaced Nikolai Uglanov as First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party and held that position until 15 August 1929.[11] In a lengthy address to the Central Committee in 1929, Molotov told the members that the Soviet government would initiate a compulsory collectivisation campaign to solve the agrarian backwardness of Soviet agriculture.[12]
Premiership (1930–1941)[edit]
During the Central Committee plenum of 19 December 1930, Alexey Rykov, the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (the equivalent of a Western head of government) was succeeded by Molotov.[13] In this post, Molotov oversaw the Stalin regime's collectivisation of agriculture. He followed Stalin's line by using a combination of force and propaganda to crush peasant resistance to collectivisation, including the deportation of millions of kulaks (peasants with property) to labour camps. An enormous number of the deportees died from exposure and overwork.[14] He signed the Law of Spikelets[15] and personally led the Extraordinary Commission for Grain Delivery in Ukraine,[16] which seized a reported 4.2 million tonnes of grain from the peasants during a widespread manmade famine (known in Ukraine as Holodomor).[15] Contemporary historians estimate that between seven and eleven million people died, either of starvation or in labour camps,[15] in the process of farm collectivization. Molotov also oversaw the implementation of the First Five-Year Plan for rapid industrialisation.[17]
Sergei Kirov, head of the Party organisation in Leningrad, was killed in 1934;[18] some believed his death was ordered by Stalin. Kirov's death triggered a second crisis, the Great Purge.[19] In 1938, out of the twenty-eight People's Commissars in Molotov's Government, twenty were executed on the orders of Molotov and Stalin.[20] The purges were carried out by Stalin's successive police chiefs,[21] Nikolai Yezhov was the chief organiser and Kliment Voroshilov, Lazar Kaganovich and Molotov were intimately involved in the processes.[22] Stalin frequently required Molotov and other Politburo members to sign the death warrants of prominent purge victims, and Molotov always did so without question.[23] There is no record of Molotov attempting to moderate the course of the purges or even to save individuals, as some other Soviet officials did. During the Great Purge, he personally approved 372 documented execution lists, more than any other Soviet official including Stalin. It is known that Molotov was one of few with whom Stalin openly discussed the purges.[24] Although Molotov and Stalin signed a public decree in 1938 which disassociated them from the ongoing Great Purge,[25] in private, and even after Stalin's death, Molotov supported the Great Purge and the executions carried out by his government.[26]
Despite the great human cost,[27] the Soviet Union under Molotov's nominal premiership made great strides in the adoption and widespread implementation of agrarian and industrial technology. In a document written by Molotov he noted how cannibalism and starvation were still serious problems even in 1937 in the Soviet Union. Andrey Vyshinsky, the Procurator General, even told Molotov personally of incidents involving mothers eating their newly born children.[28] The rise of Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany precipitated the development of a modern armaments industry on the orders of the Soviet government.[29] Ultimately, it was this arms industry, along with American Lend-Lease aid, which helped the Soviet Union to prevail in World War II (Great Patriotic War).[30] Set against this, the purges of the Red Army leadership, in which Molotov participated, weakened the Soviet Union's defence capacity and contributed to the military disasters of 1941 and 1942, which were mostly caused by unreadiness for war.[31] The purges also led to the dismantling of privatised agriculture and its replacement by collectivised agriculture. This left a legacy of chronic agricultural inefficiencies and under-production which the Soviet regime never fully rectified.[32]
Molotov was reported to be a vegetarian and teetotaler by American journalist John Gunther in 1938.[33] However, Milovan Djilas claimed that Molotov "drank more than Stalin"[34] and did not note his vegetarianism despite attending several banquets with him.
Minister of Foreign Affairs (1939–1949)[edit]
In 1939, following the 1938 Munich Agreement and Hitler's subsequent invasion of Czechoslovakia, Stalin believed that Britain and France would not be reliable allies against German expansion so instead sought to conciliate Nazi Germany.[35] In May 1939 Maxim Litvinov, the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, was dismissed; and Molotov was appointed to succeed him.[36] Molotov was succeeded in his post as Premier by Stalin.[37]
At first, Hitler rebuffed Soviet diplomatic hints that Stalin desired a treaty; but in early August 1939, Hitler authorised Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop to begin serious negotiations. A trade agreement was concluded on 18 August; and on 22 August, Ribbentrop flew to Moscow to conclude a formal non-aggression treaty. Although the treaty is known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, it was Stalin and Hitler, and not Molotov and Ribbentrop, who decided the content of the treaty. The most important part of the agreement was the secret protocol, which provided for the partition of Poland, Finland, and the Baltic States between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union and for the Soviet annexation of Bessarabia (then part of Romania, now Moldova).[36] This protocol gave Hitler the green light for his invasion of Poland, which began on 1 September.[38] On 5 March 1940 Lavrentiy Beria gave Molotov, along with Anastas Mikoyan, Kliment Voroshilov and Stalin, a note ordering the execution of 25,700 Polish officers and anti-Soviets, in what has become known as the Katyn massacre.[37]
Under the terms of the Pact, Hitler was, in effect, given authorisation to occupy two-thirds of Western Poland, as well as Lithuania. Molotov was given a free hand in relation to Finland. In the Soviet-Finnish War that ensued, a combination of fierce Finnish resistance and Soviet mismanagement resulted in Finland losing parts of its territory, but not its independence.[39] The Pact was later amended to allocate Lithuania to the Soviet sphere in exchange for a more favourable border in Poland. These annexations led to massive suffering and loss of life in the countries occupied and partitioned by the two dictatorships.[40]
In November 1940 Stalin sent Molotov to Berlin to meet von Ribbentrop and Adolf Hitler (see German–Soviet Axis talks#Molotov travels to Berlin). In January 1941, the British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden visited Turkey in an attempt to get the Turks to enter the war on the Allies' side. Though the purpose of Eden's visit was anti-German rather than anti-Soviet, Molotov assumed otherwise and in a series of conversations with the Italian Ambassador Augusto Rosso, Molotov claimed that the Soviet Union would soon be faced with an Anglo-Turkish invasion of the Crimea. The British historian D.C. Watt argued that on the basis of Molotov's statements to Rosso, it would appear that in early 1941, Stalin and Molotov viewed Britain rather than Germany as the principal threat.[41]
The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact governed Soviet-German relations until June 1941 when Hitler, having occupied France and neutralised Britain, turned east and attacked the Soviet Union.[42] Molotov was responsible for telling the Soviet people of the attack, when he instead of Stalin announced the war. His speech, broadcast by radio on 22 June, characterised the Soviet Union in a role similar to that articulated for Britain by Winston Churchill in his early wartime speeches.[43] The State Defence Committee was established soon after Molotov's speech; Stalin was elected chairman and Molotov was elected Deputy chairman.[44] Following the German invasion, Molotov conducted urgent negotiations with Britain and, later, the United States for wartime alliances. He took a secret flight to Glasgow, Scotland where he was greeted by Eden. This risky flight, in a high altitude Tupolev TB-7 bomber, flew over German occupied Denmark and the North Sea. From there he took a train to London to discuss with the British government the possibility of opening a second front against Germany. After signing the Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942 on 26 May Molotov left for Washington, D.C., United States. Molotov met with Franklin D. Roosevelt, the President of the United States, and ratified a Lend-Lease Treaty between the USSR and the US. Both the British and the United States government, albeit vaguely, promised to open up a second front against Germany. On his flight back to the USSR his plane was attacked by German fighters, and then later by Soviet fighters.[45]
When Beria told Stalin about the Manhattan Project and its importance Stalin handpicked Molotov to be the man in charge of the Soviet atomic bomb project. However, under Molotov's leadership the bomb, and the project itself, developed very slowly and Molotov was replaced by Beria in 1944 on the advice of Igor Kurchatov.[46] When Harry S. Truman, the American President, told Stalin that the Americans had created a bomb never seen before, Stalin related the conversation to Molotov and told him to speed up development. On Stalin's orders the Soviet government substantially increased investment in the project.[47][48]
In a collaboration with Kliment Voroshilov, Molotov contributed both musically and lyrically to the 1944 version of the Soviet national anthem. Molotov asked the writers to include a line or two about peace. Molotov's and Voroshilov's role in the making of the new Soviet anthem was, in the words of historian Simon Sebag-Montefiore, acting as music judges for Stalin.[49]
Molotov accompanied Stalin to the Teheran Conference in 1943,[50] the Yalta Conference in 1945[51] and, following the defeat of Germany, the Potsdam Conference.[52] He represented the Soviet Union at the San Francisco Conference, which created the United Nations.[53] Even during the period of wartime alliance, Molotov was known as a tough negotiator and a determined defender of Soviet interests. From 1945 to 1947 Molotov took part in all four conferences of foreign ministers of the victorious states in World War II. In general, he was distinguished by an uncooperative attitude towards the Western powers. Molotov, at the direction of the Soviet government, condemned the Marshall Plan as imperialistic and claimed it was dividing Europe into two camps, one capitalist and the other communist. In response, the Soviet Union, along with the other Eastern Bloc nations, initiated what is known as the Molotov Plan. The plan created several bilateral relations between the states of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union; and later evolved into the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).[54]
In the postwar period, Molotov's power began to decline. A clear sign of Molotov's precarious position was his inability to prevent the arrest in December 1948 for "treason" of his Jewish wife, Polina Zhemchuzhina, whom Stalin had long distrusted.[55] Molotov never stopped loving his wife, and it is said that he ordered his maids to make dinner for two every evening to remind him that, in his own words, "she suffered because of me".[56] According to a close collaborator of Molotov, Vladimir Erofeev,[57] at the beginning of 1949 the Israel minister plenipotentiary, Golda Meir, visited the Soviet Union; she met privately with Polina, who had been her schoolmate in St. Petersburg. Immediately afterward, Polina was arrested and accused of ties with Zionist organisations; she was kept one year in the Lubyanka, after which she was exiled for three years in an obscure Russian city. Molotov had no communication with her, save for the scant news that Beria, whom he loathed, told him. She was freed immediately after the death of Stalin.[58] According to Erofeev, Molotov said of her: "She's not only beautiful and intelligent, the only woman minister in Soviet Union; she's also a real Bolshevik, a real Soviet person." In 1949, Molotov was replaced as Foreign Minister by Andrey Vyshinsky, although retaining his position as First Deputy Premier and membership of the Politburo.[56]
Post-war career (1949–1976)[edit]
At the 19th Party Congress in 1952, Molotov was elected to the replacement for the Politburo, the Presidium, but was not listed among the members of the newly established secret body known as the Bureau of the Presidium; indicating that he had fallen out of Stalin's favour.[59] At the 19th Congress, Molotov and Anastas Mikoyan were said by Stalin to have committed grave mistakes, including the publication of a wartime speech by Winston Churchill favourable to the Soviet Union's war time efforts.[60] Both Molotov and Mikoyan were falling out of favour rapidly, with Stalin telling Beria, Khrushchev, Malenkov and Nikolai Bulganin that he did not want to see Molotov and Mikoyan around anymore. At his 73rd birthday, Stalin treated both with disgust.[61] In his speech to the 20th Party Congress Khrushchev told the delegates that Stalin had plans for "finishing off" Molotov and Mikoyan in the aftermath of the 19th Congress.[62]
Following Stalin's death, a realignment of the leadership strengthened Molotov's position. Georgy Malenkov, Stalin's successor in the post of Premier, reappointed Molotov as Minister of Foreign Affairs on 5 March 1953.[63] Although Molotov was seen as a likely successor to Stalin in the immediate aftermath of his death, he never sought to become leader of the Soviet Union.[64] A Troika was established immediately after Stalin's death, consisting of Malenkov, Beria, and Molotov,[65] but ended when Malenkov and Molotov deceived Beria.[66] Molotov supported the removal and later the execution of Beria on the orders of Khrushchev.[67] The new Party Secretary, Khrushchev, soon emerged as the new leader of the Soviet Union. He presided over a gradual domestic liberalisation and a thaw in foreign policy, shown by the reconciliation with Josip Broz Tito's government in Yugoslavia, which Stalin had expelled from the communist movement. Molotov, an old-guard Stalinist, seemed increasingly out of place in this new environment,[68] but he represented the Soviet Union at the Geneva Conference of 1955.[69]
The events which led to Molotov's downfall began in February 1956 when Khrushchev launched an unexpected denunciation of Stalin at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party. Khrushchev attacked Stalin both over the purges of the 1930s and the defeats of the early years of World War II, which he blamed on Stalin's over-trusting attitude to Hitler and the purges of the Red Army. Since Molotov was the most senior of Stalin's collaborators still alive and had played a leading role in the purges, it became obvious that Khrushchev's examination of the past would probably result in Molotov's fall from power. Consequently, he became the leader of an old guard which tried to overthrow Khrushchev.[70]
In June 1956, Molotov was removed as Foreign Minister,[71] and in June 1957, was expelled from the Presidium (Politburo) following a failed attempt to remove Khrushchev as First Secretary. Although Molotov's faction initially won a vote in the Presidium, 7–4, to remove Khrushchev, the latter refused to resign unless a Central Committee plenum decided so.[72] In the plenum, which lasted from 22–29 June, Molotov and his faction were defeated.[70] Eventually, he was banished as ambassador to the Mongolian People's Republic.[72] Molotov and his associates were denounced as "the Anti-Party Group" but, notably, were not subject to the physical repressions that marked the Stalin years. In 1960, he was appointed Soviet representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency, which was seen as a partial rehabilitation.[73] However, after the 22nd Party Congress in 1961, during which Khrushchev carried out his de-Stalinisation campaign, including the removal of Stalin's body from Lenin's Mausoleum, Molotov (along with Lazar Kaganovich) was removed from all positions and expelled from the Communist Party.[59] In 1962, all of Molotov's party documents and files were erased by the authorities.[74]
In retirement, Molotov remained totally unrepentant about his role during Stalin's rule.[75] He suffered a heart attack in January 1962. After the Sino-Soviet split, it was reported that he agreed with the criticisms made by Mao Zedong of the supposed "revisionism" of Khrushchev's policies. According to Roy Medvedev, Stalin's daughter Svetlana recalled Molotov's wife telling her: "Your father was a genius. There's no revolutionary spirit around nowadays, just opportunism everywhere."[76] "China's our only hope. Only they have kept alive the revolutionary spirit".[77]
Rehabilitation, death, beliefs and legacy[edit]
The first signs of a rehabilitation were seen during Leonid Brezhnev's rule, when information about him was again allowed inclusion in Soviet encyclopaedias. His connection, support and work in the Anti-Party Group was mentioned in encyclopaedias published in 1973 and 1974, but eventually disappeared altogether by the mid-to-late-1970s. Soviet leader Konstantin Chernenko further rehabilitated Molotov; in 1984 Molotov was even allowed to seek a membership in the Communist Party.[78] A collection of interviews with Molotov from 1985 was published in 1994 by Felix Chuev as Molotov Remembers: Inside Kremlin Politics. Molotov died, during the rule of Mikhail Gorbachev, on 8 November 1986. He was 96 years old at the time of his death, and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow.[75]
Molotov, like Stalin, was pathologically mistrustful of others, and because of it, much crucial information disappeared. As Molotov once said "One should listen to them, but it is necessary to check up on them. The intelligence officer can lead you to a very dangerous position... There are many provocateurs here, there, and everywhere."[79] Molotov continues to claim in a series of published interviews that there never was a secret territorial deal between Stalin and Hitler during the Nazi-Soviet Pact.[80] Like Stalin, he never recognised the Cold War as an international event. He saw the Cold War as, more or less, the everyday conflict between communism and capitalism. He divided the capitalist countries into two groups, the "smart and dangerous imperialists" and the "fools".[81] Before his retirement, Molotov proposed establishing a socialist confederation with the People's Republic of China (PRC); Molotov believed socialist states were part of a bigger, supranational entity.[82] In retirement, Molotov criticised Nikita Khrushchev for being a "right-wing deviationist".[83]
The Molotov cocktail is a term coined by the Finns during the Winter War, as a generic name used for a variety of improvised incendiary weapons.[84] During the Winter War, the Soviet air force made extensive use of incendiaries and cluster bombs against Finnish troops and fortifications. When Molotov claimed in radio broadcasts that they were not bombing, but rather delivering food to the starving Finns, the Finns started to call the air bombs Molotov bread baskets.[85] Soon they responded by attacking advancing tanks with "Molotov cocktails," which were "a drink to go with the food." According to Montefiore, the Molotov cocktail was one part of Molotov's "cult of personality that the vain Premier surely did not appreciate."[86]
Winston Churchill in his wartime memoirs lists many meetings with Molotov. Acknowledging him as a "man of outstanding ability and cold-blooded ruthlessness," Churchill concluded: "In the conduct of foreign affairs, Mazarin, Talleyrand, Metternich, would welcome him to their company, if there be another world to which Bolsheviks allow themselves to go."[87]
At the end of 1989, two years before the final collapse of the Soviet Union, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union and Mikhail Gorbachev's government formally denounced the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, acknowledging that the bloody annexation of the Baltic States and the partition of Poland had been illegal.[88]
In January 2010 a Ukrainian Court of Appeal accused Molotov and other Soviet officials of organizing a man-made famine in Ukraine in 1932–33 (known as Holodomor); but quashed criminal proceedings against them due to their deaths.[89]
Decorations and awards[edit]
- This article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the Russian Wikipedia.
- Hero of Socialist Labour
- Four Orders of Lenin (including 1945)
- Order of the October Revolution
- Order of the Red Banner of Labour
- Order of the Badge of Honour
- Medal "For the Defence of Moscow"
- Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
- Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
- Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow""
See also[edit]
- Molotov bread basket
- Molotov cocktail
- Molotov Line
- Molotov Plan
- Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
- Soviet-German relations before 1941
- The character of Squealer in Animal Farm by George Orwell is based on Molotov.
- ^ a b c Montefiore 2005, p. 40.
- ^ a b Geoffrey Roberts, Molotov: Stalin's Cold Warrior. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2012; pg. 5.
- ^ a b c d e f Roberts, Molotov, pg. 6.
- ^ Молотов, Вячеслав Михайлович [Mikhailovich Molotov, Vyacheslav] (in Russian). warheroes.ru. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
- ^ a b Montefiore 2005, p. 36.
- ^ Molotov, Vyacheslav; Chuev, Felix; Resis, Albert (1993). Molotov remembers: inside Kremlin politics : conversations with Felix Chuev. I.R. Dee. p. 94. ISBN 1-56663-027-4.
- ^ Service 2003, p. 151.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, pp. 40–41.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, pp. 36–37.
- ^ Rywkin, Michael (1989). Soviet Society Today. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 159–160.
- ^ Service 2003, p. 176.
- ^ Service 2003, p. 179.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, pp. 63–64.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 47.
- ^ a b c Montefiore 2005, p. 94.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 46.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, pp. 45 and 58.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, pp. 148–149.
- ^ Brown 2009, p. 71.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 244.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 222.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 240.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 237.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 225.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 289.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 260.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 125.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 236.
- ^ Scott Dunn, Walter (1995). The Soviet economy and the Red Army, 1930–1945. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 22. ISBN 0-275-94893-5.
- ^ William Davies, Robert; Harrison, Mark; Wheatcroft, S.G. (1994). The Economic transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945. Cambridge University Press. pp. 250–251. ISBN 0-521-45770-X.
- ^ Brown 2009, p. 65.
- ^ "Stalin's legacy". country-data.com. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
- ^ http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=58 In 1938 American journalist John Gunther wrote: " He [Molotov] is... a man of first-rate intelligence and influence. Molotov is a vegetarian and a teetotaler."
- ^ Djilas Milovan: Conversations with Stalin. Translated by Michael B. Petrovich. Rupert Hart-Davis, Soho Square London 1962, pp. 59.
- ^ Brown 2009, pp. 90–91.
- ^ a b Service 2003, p. 256.
- ^ a b Brown 2009, p. 141.
- ^ Brown 2009, pp. 90–92.
- ^ Service 2003, pp. 256–257.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, pp. 320, 322 and 342.
- ^ Cameron Watt, Donald (2004). Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 276–286. ISBN 0-415-14435-3.
- ^ Service 2003, pp. 158–160.
- ^ Service 2003, p. 261.
- ^ Service 2003, p. 262.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, pp. 417–418.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 508.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 510.
- ^ Zhukov, Georgi Konstantinovich. "The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov." New York: Delacorte Press, 1971.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 468.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 472.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 489.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 507.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 477.
- ^ Roberts, Geoffrey (1999). The Soviet Union in world politics: coexistence, revolution, and cold war, 1945–1991. Routledge. pp. 284–285. ISBN 0-415-14435-3.
- ^ Brown 2009, pp. 199–201.
- ^ a b Montefiore 2005, p. 604.
- ^ V. Erofeev, Diplomat, Moskva, 2005
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 666.
- ^ a b Brown 2009, p. 231.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 640.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, pp. 645–647.
- ^ "Russia: The Survivor". Time. 16 September 1957. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 662.
- ^ Brown 2009, p. 227.
- ^ Marlowe, Lynn Elizabeth (2005). GED Social Studies: The Best Study Series for GED. Research and Education Association. p. 140. ISBN 0-7386-0127-6.
- ^ Taubman, William (2003). Khrushchev: The Man and His Era. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 258. ISBN 0-393-32484-2.
- ^ Brown 2009, p. 666.
- ^ Brown 2009, pp. 236–237.
- ^ Bischof, Günter; Dockrill, Saki (2000). Cold War respite: the Geneva Summit of 1955. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 284–285. ISBN 0-8071-2370-6.
- ^ a b Montefiore 2005, pp. 666–667.
- ^ Brown 2009, p. 245.
- ^ a b Brown 2009, p. 252.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 668.
- ^ Goudoever 1986, p. 100.
- ^ a b Montefiore 2005, p. 669.
- ^ Nikolaevna Vasilʹeva, Larisa (1994). Kremlin wives. Arcade Publishing. p. 159.
- ^ Medvedev, Roy (1984). All Stalin's Men. Anchor Press/Doubleday. p. 109. ISBN 0-385-18388-7.
- ^ Goudoever 1986, p. 108.
- ^ Zubok & Pleshakov 1996, p. 88.
- ^ Felix, Chuev (1993). Molotov Remembers: Inside Kremlin Politics – Conversations with Felix Cheuv. Chicago, IL. p. 84.
- ^ Zubok & Pleshakov 1996, p. 89.
- ^ Zubok & Pleshakov 1996, pp. 90–91.
- ^ Zubok & Pleshakov 1996, p. 90.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 335.
- ^ Langdon-Davies, John (June 1940). "The Lessons of Finland". Picture Post.
- ^ Montefiore 2005, p. 328.
- ^ Churchill, Winston (1948). The Gathering Storm 1. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 368–369. ISBN 0-395-41055-X.
- ^ W. Borejsza, Jerzy; Ziemer, Klaus; Hułas, Magdalena (2006). Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe. Berghahn Books. p. 521. ISBN 1-57181-641-0.
- ^ Kyiv court accuses Stalin leadership of organizing famine, Kyiv Post (13 January 2010)
Further reading[edit]
- Brown, Archie (2009). The Rise & Fall of Communism. Bodley Head.
- van Goudoever, A.P. (1986). The limits of destalinization in the Soviet Union: political rehabilitations in the Soviet Union since Stalin. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-7099-2629-4.
- McCauley, Martin. Who's Who in Russia since 1900 (1997) pp 146–47
- Roberts, Geoffrey. Molotov: Stalin's Cold Warrior (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2012)
- Sebag-Montefiore, Simon (2005). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. Vintage Books. ISBN 1-4000-7678-1.
- Service, Robert (2003). History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-first Century. Penguin Books Ltd. ISBN 0-14-103797-0.
- Martinovich Zubok, Vladislav; Pleshakov, Konstantin (1996). Inside the Kremlin's Cold War: from Stalin to Khrushchev. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-45531-2.
Primary sources[edit]
- Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich, and Feliz Chuev. Molotov Remembers: Inside Kremlin Politics (Ivan R. Dee, 2007), his memoirs
- external links to books and articles
External links[edit]
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Vyacheslav Molotov
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vyacheslav Molotov.
- Annotated bibliography for Vyacheslav Molotov from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
- The Meaning of the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact Molotov speech to the Supreme Soviet on 31 August 1939
- Reaction to German Invasion of 22 June 1941
- (Finnish) Song about the "Winter War" (Nyet Molotov) on YouTube
|Political offices
|Preceded by
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|Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
|Succeeded by
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|Preceded by
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Movistar Arena, Santiago, Chile April 13, 2013
Ah my babies, Twisted Sister did what they do best in Santiago, Chile....they blew the lid off the Movistar Arena to a house packed full of S.M.F.s ready to rock. With only two shows scheduled in South America this year, Santiago proved why they were deserving of one of them after the last TS show
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I know we're going to have Petting Zoo later today, so normally I wouldn't post an extra animal video to start the morning, but this morning some of us spent an hour looking for an alternate side parking spot and then COULDN'T FIND ONE AND HAD TO PARK IN THE SAME SPOT WHERE SOME OF US BEGAN and now some of us have to go out and start looking again, so maybe some of us just need to watch a compilation of puppies with pacifiers, even though some of us are not completely sure giving a puppy a pacifier is a thing that is okay. All right?! OKAY?! (Via TastefullyOffensive.)
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How the Hornbuckles overcame heroin
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Inspired by such extremes in human depravity, Negativland -- an experimental music and art collective from San Francisco -- released Escape From Noise in 1987, a landmark album that dabbled in forms of auditory punishment much more fun than Quasimodo could ever imagine and took the group's prior experiments with noise perversion to new levels. Obsessively reassembling found sound, spoken word, rhythm loops, field recordings, car bombs and generous helpings of cartoon noise, the massive collaborative effort resulted in an astonishing work of studio-enhanced kitchen-sink sound collage. Escape amuses, educates and disturbs -- sometimes simultaneously.
Today, after devoting twenty years to the game -- and amassing a body of work that includes eighteen CDs, the video Sonic Outlaws and a body of text on copyright law titled Fair Use: The Story of the Letter U and the Numeral 2 -- Negativland is once again bringing its traveling media circus to the people. In what is perhaps the group's final outing, the True/False 2000 Tour attempts to discern fact from fiction in today's stifling, desensitized shut-up-and-buy culture. It purportedly embodies what founding member Mark Hosler defines as "psychic self-defense," a healthy response to the ever-growing chaos of commercialized 21st century info glut. "The self-defense that we're practicing -- dealing with this kind of corporate-media advertising-overloaded society we're in -- is the work we do," Hosler explains. "That's how we process it and deal with it. To literally take it in and chew it up and spit it out again, hopefully into something artistic and compelling. But if I try to just reduce it to a simple little soundbite, I think it's gonna make the show sound kinda dopey."
After a seven-year break from touring, True/False 2K promises anything but brand-name music for brand-loving listeners. (In its last outing, Negativland employed the slug- salting talents of perennial Denver goofballs Little Fyodor and Babushka as openers; this time around, with a show nearly three hours long, there's no need for a warmup act.) The thirteen-person "band" includes Hosler, Don Joyce, Richard Lyons, Peter Conheim, Pastor Dick (who provides the opening prayer and convocation for each performance), Crosley Bendix (the man credited with discovering squant, our oft-overlooked fourth primary color) and Marsha Turnblatt (who often discusses the benefits of spanking children), plus various auxiliary performers and "emergency backup humans." Using mostly analog A/V equipment -- old 16mm film and slide projectors, dated radio-station cart machines, synthesizers and turntables -- the spectacle will also offer a puppet show Hosler guarantees to be "appropriate for all ages." In other words, the revolution will not be digitized. And don't worry about the physical absence of David Wills, the "Weatherman," who needs to stay home and tend to his cats and germs. "He's in the show in a huge way, but he's not actually there," Hosler notes. "He appears via the miracle of high technology." Despite such logistical configurations, Hostler maintains that the content of the performance is in no way predetermined. "It is very live, what we do. It's all being thrown together in real time as you hear it. Which means it's fraught with the possibility of it all falling apart and going wrong. Eighty percent of the show you will never have heard anywhere on any Negativland record. We sample ourselves and recontextualize it into new pieces."
Such sleight of hand has always been Negativland's stock and trade, a quality that places the group in the musique concrète with experimental composers like Stockhausen, Edgard Varèse, John Cage or the Tolerated. Negativland still draws comparisons to satirists like the Goon Show and Firesign Theatre and has been dubbed "sonic deconstructionists," "hick-nerd wise-acres" and "information highwaymen" in varied critical reviews over the years. "Culture-jammers" is the term the collective coined for itself in 1984, four years after the founding members (Hosler, Lyons, Wills, Joyce and Chris Grigg) met at the Audience Studies Institute -- an after-school job where they phoned people about their favorite TV shows -- and discovered a mutual interest in making funny noises. They began dragging gear to one another's bedrooms to experiment and create. "For me, it was like discovering fire or something," Hosler recalls. "Miking faucets and running it through a phase shifter. I was absolutely thrilled to death to combine all these sounds together."
Over the years, the group garnered a reputation not just for manipulating sound but for manipulating the press as well. Consider Escape's 1988 followup, Helter Stupid, an album inspired by David Brom, the Minnesota teenager who killed both of his parents with an ax in 1987. Taking a cue from the media scrutiny surrounding the alleged suicide-provoking qualities of Judas Priest's music and the urban legends of subliminal messages encoded in the back-masking of Beatles songs, Negativland issued a phony press release implicating itself in the murders; the release suggested that the tune "Christianity Is Stupid" (from Escape) might have driven Brom to bludgeon his mom and pop to death. (Featuring the "found" vocal of Reverend Estus Pirkle, the cut contains the repeated slogan of its title and others like "Communism is good!" over a droning metal score). Neg's press release also included a decree from a fictitious federal official named Dick Jordan, who advised the band not to leave town pending an investigation into the slayings. Soon afterwards, the press came a-sniffin', and the band received requests for interviews from the San Francisco Chronicle, Pulse, BAM, Penthouse, The Village Voice and several fanzines. Determined to satisfy the public's appetite for the sensational, CBS television's Bay Area affiliate KPIX ran a lead story emphasizing links between murder and music and supplied footage of the Brom family -- killed two time zones away -- being carried from their home in body bags. After exposing the incompetence that passes for news, Negativland decided to depict the entire media odyssey on Helter Stupid, an outrageously strange and funny brand of public performance art.
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