text:
April 11, 1996
"A" Credit Union
"B" Credit Union
"C" Credit Union
Dear Gentlemen:The purpose of this letter is to respond to the concerns you expressed individually regarding "D's" application. For your information, I approved "D's" application on February 20, 1996. I apologize for the delay in responding to your letters. Initially, I have provided some background below on our policies concerning community charters. Following this information, I have paraphrased your primary concerns and provided my response to each. Background Generally. The Washington State Credit Union Act ("Act") sets forth requirements on credit union field of membership ("FOM"). These requirements are fairly brief:
- Membership in a credit union shall be limited to groups having a common bond of occupation or association, or to groups within a well-defined neighborhood, community, or rural district. The director may adopt rules:
- Reasonably defining "common bond"; and
- setting forth standards for the approval of charters.
- The director may approve the inclusion within the field of membership of a credit union a group having a separate common bond if the director determines that the group is not of sufficient size or resources to support a viable credit union of its own.
- If an occupational or associational group in the community is served by a community CU, and the individual group is not expressly included in the CU's FOM bylaw, the application of another CU to add the occupational or associational group to its FOM will be evaluated without regard to the overlap Rules.
- If the application is approved, both credit unions can serve the group and direct market to the group.
- Although a community CU may be permitted to serve individuals in an occupational or associational group in the community, the CU will not be allowed to add the group to its FOM bylaws. Otherwise, the CU would be able to effectively block other CUs from adding the occupational or associational group to its FOM because of the restrictive overlap Rules.
- Very few CUs are interested in such a large FOM. See also my response to comment 6 above.
April 16, 1996
Re: Request about requirements for out-of-state credit union to do business in Washington (Interpretation 96-2)
Dear Sir:
I have been asked to respond to your letter to Parker Cann, Assistant Director, requesting approval for "B" credit union to do business in the state of Washington. The requirements for an out of state credit union to operate in this state are contained in Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 31.12.526. Enclosed is a copy of the Washington Credit Union Act containing this section.
In order to do business in this state, the credit union must submit and receive our approval of an application under RCW 31.12.526. The application must include at least the following:
- A letter from the credit union's board of directors requesting approval to do business in the state of Washington.
- A copy of the most recent financial statements (balance sheet and year to date income statement).
- A copy of the most recent statutory examination report.
- Information as to the credit union's surety bond and fidelity bond coverage.
- Information as to whether the credit union's share and/or deposit accounts are privately or federally insured.
- A copy of the credit union's current field of membership and information as to the field of membership that will be served in the state of Washington, for example: employees of ABC Company of Washington.
- A complete copy of the current state statute and rules governing the operation of the credit union.
- A written representation that the credit union agrees to pay our costs for reviewing the application. We currently charge an hourly fee of $55.82 per staff member for such review.
- A written representation that the credit union agrees to pay our costs of examination and supervision. RCW 31.12.526 (4) authorizes the Division of Credit Unions to charge for the examination and cost of supervising an out-of-state credit union. Such credit unions must pay an hourly examination fee of up to $55.82 per examiner, plus a semi-annual asset assessment. Starting July 1, 1996, the Division of Credit Unions is changing to quarterly asset assessment fees and, for on-site examinations of out-of-state credit unions, an hourly exam fee of $55.82 per examiner. The asset assessments will be based on in-state assets, calculated by multiplying the credit union's total assets by a fraction, the numerator of which is the total deposits at the in-state branches, and the denominator of which is the total deposits of the credit union.
- .A written representation that the credit union will comply with Chapter 31.12 RCW and Chapters 208-418 to 208-480 of the Washington Administrative Code (WAC), including without limit RCW 31.12.526(1)(c).
During its 1996 session, our legislature repealed the Washington private share insurance system for credit unions, effective December 31, 1998. Consequently, we will not approve the credit union to do business in this state if its shares are privately insured.
May 3, 1996
"A" Credit Union
Subject: Interpretation WAC 419-14-070
Dear _____:
Thank you for your phone call regarding the above rule. WAC 419-14-070 (Loans to directors, officers, and employees - maximum amount) is applicable to Washington state chartered savings and loan associations, not credit unions.
Some of the credit union statutes and rules which may apply to loans to directors and committee members are: RCW 31.12.317, RCW 31.12.365, WAC 208-464-050, WAC 208-464-080, WAC 208-464-090, and NCUA Rule 701.21(h)(2)(iii)(A). For your information, the Division's WAC rules applicable to credit unions have been moved to Title 208 WAC, effective June 1, 1996. Enclosed is a copy of our rules with the new numbering.
May 8, 1996
"A" Credit Union
Subject: Payment of State Business and Occupation taxes; Interpretation No. 96-4
Dear _____:You indicated that the state Department of Revenue ("DOR") recently sent "A" a notice for the payment of business and occupation ("B&O") taxes. In a follow-up phone call, DOR personnel indicated to you that the notice was based on WAC 458-20-146 ("Section 146"). You have raised the question whether a Washington state-chartered credit union such as "A" is required to pay state B&O taxes. My conclusion is that "A" is not required to pay such taxes, as explained below. Section 146 states in effect that banks, savings and loan associations and "certain other financial institutions" must pay B&O tax. Section 146 does not by its terms expressly apply to credit unions. Although a credit union may be viewed in a general sense as a type of financial institution, I am not aware of a definition of the quoted phrase in the WAC that would indicate definitively that a credit union is another type of financial institution subject to B&O tax. More importantly, however, RCW 82.04.405 expressly exempts credit unions (both state- and federally-chartered) from the provisions of Chapter 82.04 RCW, the statute which provides for the B&O tax. Even if Section 146 were interpreted to apply to credit unions, normal rules of statutory construction would dictate that the statutory exemption of RCW 82.04.405 would override an inconsistent agency rule (Section 146). Accordingly, state- and federally-chartered credit unions are not subject to the payment of B&O taxes. I have confirmed my conclusion with Mr. Kerry Breen, Counsel, Legislative and Policy Division, DOR. If you have any further questions about this matter, please don't hesitate to give me a call.
May 9, 1996
"A" Credit Union
Subject: Interpretation 96-5 on WAC 208-472-015 and WAC 208-472-041
Dear _____:
Thank you for your letter requesting interpretation on certain field of membership rules. Although we have discussed this information by phone, you requested a copy in writing.
For your information, the Division's WAC rules applicable to credit unions have been moved to Title 208 WAC, effective June 1, 1996. Enclosed is a copy of our rules with the new numbering.
Below are your questions and the interpretation:
Under WAC 208-472-015 (formerly WAC 419-72-015), issue #3 (a), regarding employees of the enterprise and their family members:
Does this mean that if we serve ABC Company, we also serve those employees' family members immediately. Therefore, any of those family members could come into the credit union and say, "I am a family member of Joe who works at ABC Company" and the information alone qualifies them for membership.
Yes, a family member of an employee included in the field of membership qualifies whether or not the employee has already joined. In other words, family member (brother Joe) can join before the employee (brother Fred) has joined. The family member may verbally verify that he/she is eligible for membership through an employee included in the field of membership. However, documentation (such as the information that the member is related to brother Fred, employee at ABC Company) should be noted on the membership application and held at the credit union to show how the member qualified for membership.
Under WAC 208-472-041 regarding the SOG (small occupational group) under the streamlined procedure:
Does this mean that if there is an overlap of membership qualification with another credit union, every effort must be made to obtain a letter of non-objection from the other credit union. These documents must then be sent to the state (Division of Credit Unions) for approval.
Yes, the fact that the employees of an enterprise do have credit union service available based on such employment disqualifies that enterprise from being approved through the SOG streamlined procedure. The applicant credit union would be required to provide all documentation under WAC 208-472-025 (formerly 419-72-025) and send that documentation to the Division of Credit Unions for approval.
May 13, 1996
"A" Credit Union
Subject: Your letter of May 7, 1996, regarding servicemarks; Opinion No. 96-6
Dear _____:The Director of the Department of Financial Institutions ("DFI") examines and supervises credit unions pursuant to the Washington State Credit Union Act ("Act"), Chapter 31.12 of the Revised Code of Washington ("RCW"). As part of the Director's duties, the Director approves applications for new credit union charters and for an amendment to a credit union's articles of incorporation to change its name, in accordance with RCW 31.12.075 and .105, respectively. Although we would probably counsel an applicant to rethink its name choice if we were aware of a clearly problematic situation, we do not have the authority to disapprove a new charter or name change because another credit union has the right to use the name. Consequently, we do not have the authority to undertake the servicemark protections you have requested in the second sentence of your letter. For your further information, the DFI does not administer the Washington laws regarding trademarks, trade names, servicemarks, or similar matters. See, for example, Chapter 19.77 RCW on trademarks, and Chapter 19.80 RCW on tradenames. Chapter 19.77 is administered by the Washington Secretary of State, whose office can be reached at (360) 753-7115; Chapter 19.80 is administered by the Washington Department of Licensing, which can be reached at (360) 902-3600 or (900) 463-6000 (for name search service).
June 6, 1996 "A" Credit Union Subject: Application of RCW 31.12.365 Dear _____: Through Stacy Augustine of the Washington Credit Union League, you recently requested our view on the following issue:
The director of a Washington state-chartered credit union is a college or community college professor or teacher. The director must miss a class that she or he teaches in order to participate in board matters. The director is required to hire a substitute to teach the class missed, at the director's own expense. The director's salary at the college is not reduced for missing the class. The amount paid by the director to hire the substitute is less than the prorata amount of her or his salary attributable to the class. The director seeks reimbursement from the credit union for the out-of-pocket expense to hire the substitute. Is this permissible under RCW 31.12.365?In response to your request, I have reached the conclusion that such reimbursement does not constitute prohibited compensation to the director under RCW 31.12.365. Consequently, reimbursement is not prohibited by this section.
June 19, 1996
"A" Credit Union
Subject: Incentive pay for share and deposit accounts
Dear _____:Thank you for your letter dated May 28, 1996 written to Parker Cann, Assistant Director. The Division of Credit Unions has no objection to the incentive payment plan outlined in your letter. As we understand it, the credit union will pay employees $5.00 for referring a potential member who subsequently opens a share or deposit account with the credit union. However, it is important that the credit union have adequate procedures to check the referred individuals for eligibility for membership under the credit union's field of membership bylaws. Our examiners may review new account procedures for the method of documenting membership qualification and review internal audit procedures for checking compliance of new membership qualification.
August 22, 1996"A" Credit Union Subject: Imaging of Documents Dear _____: In follow-up to our recent phone conversation, enclosed is a copy of the following:
- Discussion of electronic imaging systems from the Information Systems Examinations Handbook of the FFIEC.
- FFIEC issuance SP-10, entitled "Control and Security Risks in Electronic Imaging Systems".
August 26, 1996
"A"Subject: "B Credit Union" proposed TravelAccount and Rebate Option Programs Dear _____: This letter is in response to your letter dated July 12, 1996, on behalf of your client, "B Credit Union". Your letter requested our opinion on the applicability of WAC 208-440-020, -030, and -050 to the proposed TravelAccount and Rebate Option Programs (collectively, "Programs") that "B Credit Union" intends to offer to its members. My conclusions are as follows. Inapplicability of WAC 208-440-030 ("Section -030") On August 20, 1996, the Department adopted a final rule repealing Section -030. A copy of the filing is enclosed. The repeal takes effect on September 20, 1996. Although it is unclear from your letter when the Programs were intended to be implemented by "B Credit Union", I would not consider Section -030 applicable to the Programs if they were implemented after August 20, 1996. No action to assert violation of WAC 208-440-020, -050 ("Sections -020 and -050") Based on the facts and reasoning presented in your letter, and other considerations, I have determined not to take any action against "B Credit Union" to assert a violation of Sections -020 and -050 for offering the Programs in accordance with your letter. Please be aware that a change in the facts as presented in your letter may require a different conclusion.
September 6, 1996
Sharon A. Ruth
Assistant General Counsel
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
101 Market Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
Subject: Your letter of August 27, 1996
Dear Ms. Ruth:This letter is in response to your above-noted letter, in which you requested my opinion whether Washington state-chartered credit unions ("Washington credit unions") may serve as Treasury tax and loan depositories and depositories of federal taxes under 31 C.F.R. Section 203.3(b) and applicable Treasury Department regulations. More specifically, you have requested my opinion whether Washington credit unions:
- Possess under their charters and regulations issued by the state-chartering authority either general or specific authority permitting the maintenance of an open-ended interest bearing account, the balance of which is payable on demand without previous notice of intended withdrawal, and
- Possess under their charters and regulations issued by the state-chartering authority either general or specific authority to pledge collateral to secure funds in an open-ended interest bearing note account (if applicable) and a Treasury tax and loan account; and
- Are otherwise eligible under 31 C.F.R. Section 203.3(b)(1).
- Insured by the administrator of the National Credit Union Administration ("NCUA") through the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund ("NCUSIF"), or
- Guaranteed by the Washington Credit Union Share Guaranty Association ("WCUSGA") pursuant to Chapter 31.12A RCW (copy enclosed).
NCUSIF credit unionsMy conclusion is that NCUSIF credit unions satisfy the three requirements above. First two requirements. NCUSIF credit unions satisfy the first two requirements above by virtue of RCW 31.12.136(1), commonly known as the "parity provision." This provision grants Washington credit unions the powers and authorities that were conferred on federal credit unions as of December 31, 1993, notwithstanding any other provision of law. My understanding is that federal credit unions satisfy the first two requirements above, by virtue of 12 C.F.R. Section 701.37. My research indicates that this section has not been amended since 1989. Consequently, all Washington credit unions, including both NCUSIF and WCUSGA credit unions, possess the requisite authority to satisfy the first two requirements above.
Third requirement. NCUSIF credit unions satisfy the third requirement by virtue of their NCUSIF insurance. 31 C.F.R. Section 203.3(b)(1)(iii).
WCUSGA credit unions
My conclusion is that WCUSGA credit unions satisfy the first two requirements, but it is unclear whether they are able to satisfy the third requirement above.
First two requirements. For the reasons previously explained, WCUSGA credit unions satisfy the first two requirements above.
Third requirement. However, it is unclear whether WCUSGA credit unions satisfy the third requirement above: eligibility under 31 C.F.R. Section 203.3(b)(1). Paragraph (1) requires, in the case of WCUSGA credit unions, that the deposits or accounts of these credit unions be "insured by a State or agency thereof, or by a corporation chartered by a State for the sole purpose of insuring deposits or accounts of such [credit unions]." 31 C.F.R. Section 203.3(b)(1)(iv). Under Chapter 31.12A RCW, WCUSGA is a non-profit, unincorporated legal entity, created by statute, for the purpose of guaranteeing shares and deposits held by WCUSGA-member credit unions. See RCW 31.12A.005, 31.12A.020. It is not clear how the wording of Section 203.3(b)(1) should be applied in this circumstance. Consequently, I am not able to determine with confidence whether WCUSGA credit unions satisfy the third requirement above.
September 20, 1996
Subject: Using streamlined procedure for small occupational groups (SOGs) across state lines
Dear _____:
Thank you for your phone call of September 18th regarding the streamlined procedure for small occupational groups (SOGs) which was approved on September 13th. One of the streamlined procedure requirements is that eligible SOGs are restricted to those enterprises located within 25 miles from your credit union which is in "B", Washington. This 25-mile radius would go across the Washington state line into Oregon. You inquired whether you could take in members from occupational groups in which the occupational group was located in Oregon, using the SOG procedure.
First, your bylaw amendment was approved for SOGs in "C" County, Washington. You will need to apply with another SOG bylaw amendment for approval with the changes as indicated.
Second, the Oregon credit union regulator should approve of your taking Oregon occupational groups through the SOG procedures. I did call Sharlyn Rayment, Supervisory Examiner for Finance and Corporate Securities Division, the Oregon credit union regulator (503-378-4140). On September 18th, she me left a message that Oregon has no objection to your field of membership expansion into Oregon. However, I would recommend that you obtain Ms. Rayment's written approval.
Once you have obtained both approvals for SOGs in Oregon, we do not object to your adding Oregon SOGs to your field of membership as long as the SOGs fit all of the criteria as listed in your bylaw amendment and you maintain the required SOG log.
September 23, 1996
Subject: Removal of Streamlined Senior Groups from FOM
Dear _____:
As you are aware, the streamlined senior provision in our WAC rules was deleted effective September 20, 1996. This provision deemed groups of retired persons and persons at least age 50 to be an "associational group" for purposes of adding these streamlined senior groups to a credit union's field of membership.
Our records indicate that your credit union amended its field of membership bylaws to include a streamlined senior group(s). This letter is intended to provide clarification on the effect of the deletion of the authority for these groups.
Eligibility for membership
Your members who joined before September 20, 1996 under a streamlined senior group may continue their membership in your credit union, if your FOM bylaws provide that "once a member, always a member". However, after September 20, you may not qualify individuals as new members based solely on their membership in a streamlined senior group.
Amending your FOM bylaw
In order to "clean up" your FOM bylaws, you should submit for our approval FOM bylaw amendments that delete all streamlined senior groups. These amendments should be approved by your Board in accordance with applicable requirements, and should be submitted to the Division by November 1, 1996.
Adding other senior groups
It should be noted that the Division will continue to approve the addition of groups of seniors to a credit union's FOM if the groups meet the standard associational group requirements in WAC Chapter 208-472.
(Updated-See I-05-02)
October 29, 1996
"A" Credit Union
Subject: Sublease with "B" Travel
Dear _____:
This letter is in response to your letter dated October 4, 1996, concerning the proposed sublease of space in the lobby of "A" Credit Union (ACU) to "B" Travel. Our rules, at Chapter 208-440 WAC (copy enclosed), address these types of arrangements with other businesses. As we recently discussed, we have the following issues with the sublease:
- "ACU" may allow "B" Travel to use its space, facilities, or other property, as long as the property used is a small proportion of the property occupied by "ACU". WAC 208-440-040, -050. In this case, the space sublet to B Travel is about 8% of the space occupied by "ACU". This satisfies the "small proportion" requirement of the rule.
- "ACU" should make best efforts to include wording in the sublease to the effect that "B" Travel will hold "ACU" harmless from any claim arising out of the sale or use of "B's" products and services. WAC 208-440-050.
- The term of the sublease should be reasonably limited, or subject to termination (with an appropriate notice period) without cause. In this case, a reasonable term would be no more than one year, not including any possible renewals.
- "ACU" may permit "B" Travel to contact "ACU's" membership to offer products and services. WAC 208-440-050.
- Signs, flyers, newsletters, marketing materials, and the like may not imply that "B" Travel's products and services are for sale directly by "ACU", or that "ACU" expressly endorses or vouches for "B's" products and services. WAC 208-440-020, -040, -050. Moreover, these materials should be carefully drafted to:
- Include, if feasible, a disclaimer that "ACU" does not endorse or vouch for "B's" products and services, and is not responsible for such products and services. (See related disclaimers in the enclosed page from the USPS "Mover's Guide"); and
- Avoid any unnecessary implication that "ACU" is responsible for "B's" products and services. For example, the word "partners" should be removed from the draft of the advertising you provided. Moreover, the phrase "hand-in-hand" should be reviewed by your attorney to see if this phrase too could create an unreasonable level of exposure for "ACU" from the arrangement with "B".
"ACU" may pay its reasonable share of the cost of joint marketing materials. However, it may not pay for materials that market "B" Travel's products and services solely. WAC 208-440-020, -050.
- "ACU" should inquire with its blanket bond carrier to ensure that coverage is not adversely affected by the arrangement with "B" Travel.
If you have any further questions about the regulatory requirements that may apply to the proposed sublease with "B", please contact me.
November 25, 1996
"A" Credit Union
Subject: Application of "B" Credit Union to include community of "C" in its FOM
Dear _____:
This letter is in response to your two comment letters, dated June 12 and August 30, 1996, on the application of B to add the community of C to its field of membership (FOM). Considering the current financial strength of A, with over 10% capital, we have concluded that approval of B's application does not present an immediate threat to the viability of A under WAC 208-472-075(7).
As we discussed the other day, we have approved B's application. The following is a list of the major points (some in paraphrase) in your letters, followed by our response.
June 12, 1996 Letter
- Comment: The B expansion would constitute "an immediate threat to the viability" of A.
Response: WAC 208-472-075 provides certain criteria that the Division considers when processing FOM applications. The criterion stated in subsection (7) is: "Whether approval of the application might reasonably threaten the viability of another credit union." In normal usage, the word "threat" denotes some immediacy or urgency. For that reason, the letter sent out by FOM applicants requests comment whether approval will present an immediate threat to another credit union.
The comment letters received from A were the most detailed we have received on this issue to date, and caused us to spend some time sorting through the facts and considering our policies on "immediate threat to viability."
In considering the issue, we have concluded that the approval must threaten the viability of another credit union within a relatively short time period, such as six months. There is no question that A genuinely believes that approval of B's application will have an adverse financial impact on A. However, there was no indication from your letters that the impact would be immediate. It would seem that a typical scenario for "immediate threat" would involve a credit union that was in a very weak capital position, perhaps a CAMEL 4 or 5. A currently enjoys a very strong capital position, in excess of 10%.
In looking at this issue, we also consulted some of the pertinent studies on credit union competition. A 1992 Filene Institute study on field of membership stated:
Perhaps the most serious unresolved field of membership issue is competition among credit unions. Traditionally, a strong anti-competitive nature was instilled in credit unions by their cooperative philosophy and by regulatory policies. Federal chartering policy is still officially stated in a strong anti-competitive manner. However, times have changed. Today's financial service environment is one of intense competition. In such an environment only the most efficient survive, and competition forces efficiency. Restraints on field of membership expansion, solely because they result in competition with other credit unions, could lead to the death of both the credit union wishing to expand and the credit union wishing to have its field of membership protected. They could both die at the hands of a competitor - probably a commercial bank.
Albert E. Burger and Tina Dacin, Field of Membership: An Evolving Concept, page 49, Madison: Filene Research Institute (1992).
Another Filene study looked at the effect of the change in Utah's FOM policy in the early 1980s. The change allowed Utah state credit unions to offer services to as broad a group of citizens as they chose. The study, conducted in 1994, concluded that the policy change did not lead to a few large credit unions driving smaller credit unions out of the market. At the time of the study, one-third of Utah credit unions had assets of $1 million or less. Ramon E. Johnson, Field of Membership and Performance: Evidence from the State of Utah, Madison: Filene Research Institute (1994).
Unlike the policies of the National Credit Union Administration, the Washington State Credit Union Act is not anti-competitive in its tenor. It does not require the Division to deny FOM expansions based on anti-competitive or protectionist notions. To the contrary, the Act charges the Division with the duty to "ensure that state-chartered credit unions remain viable and competitive in this state." RCW 31.12.015. Consistent with the Filene study quoted above, we believe that a policy of protecting credit unions from competition will not ensure their viability or their competitiveness. Our policies allow more than one credit union to include the same community in its FOM.
In October 1994, the Credit Union National Association (CUNA) issued a news release which provided:
Although overlap can be an emotional issue, CUNA's Field of Membership Task Force believes there is only one way to examine it objectively. Rather than taking the perspective of credit unions or trade associations, the Task Force is taking the perspective of consumers.
From the consumers' perspective, overlap is a non-issue. Access to more than one credit union simply provides a wider array of credit union services, and decreases many consumers' need to use for profit institutions for certain financial services.
If we tried to protect consumers from overlaps, all we'd be doing is preventing them from receiving the services they want - and driving them to banks and other competitors instead of keeping them in the credit union movement.
As CUNA pointed out, by denying FOM expansion, based on protectionism, we would be effectively denying consumers another valuable choice in the marketplace.
Based on these considerations, we have concluded that approval of B's application does not present an immediate threat to the viability of A under WAC 208-472-075(7).
For your information, our policies do provide some limited FOM protection, but only from direct overlaps in the same occupational or associational group, with certain exceptions. This long-standing policy originally grew out of a concern for the financial impact that such direct overlaps could have on small credit unions that were reliant on only one or two occupational or associational groups. This policy is still reflected in our current rules. See WAC 208-472-025, 050.
- Comment
Response: As you are aware, the dual chartering system offers credit unions a choice between a state and federal charter. The nature of the dual chartering system is that a competitive tension exists between the policies of the two systems. There are many similarities and many differences between the policies of each. There are also distinct advantages and disadvantages to each, depending on the business strategy of the credit union. It is generally agreed, however, that state charters are often better able to innovate to serve the needs of their members. Over the years, as the relative appeal of each charter has risen or fallen, we have experienced conversions in both directions. The beneficiaries of this scenario are the credit unions and their members.
In this instance, B is entitled to exercise its powers to the fullest extent permitted by state law, without regard to whether it may disadvantage other state or federal credit unions. To the extent you have concerns that policies established by Congress or NCUA may place federal credit unions at a competitive disadvantage, these concerns should be addressed to the policymakers in Congress or the NCUA.
- Comment
Response: We disagree. We believe that in several other situations such complete overlaps have been approved by the Division or the NCUA.
- Comment
Response: Certainly, competitors probably won't be too interested in cooperation. However, there is no reason credit unions generally cannot find ways for meaningful cooperation. The 1992 Filene study quoted above states (at page 49):
It is important that credit unions continue to acknowledge the importance of their founding ideals and embed them in the structure of the current credit unions. While competition will force individual credit unions to operate at a high rate of internal efficiency, it does not necessarily negate the benefits of cooperation. There is no reason for credit unions and their members to throw away the basic cooperative values of equality, equity, and mutual self-help. For example, through mutually beneficial cooperation, credit unions can achieve efficiencies with regards to the sharing of information, the diffusion of new innovations, and the sharing of services.
- Comment
Response: Under our rules, B may have one or more communities in its FOM, whether or not contiguous. There is no requirement that the communities of C and D be one and the same community.
- Comment
Response: We disagree. As discussed in our response to comment #1 above, competition between credit unions (and other financial institutions) enhances consumer choice in the marketplace, and makes credit unions more efficient, thereby providing additional consumer benefits.
August 30, 1996 Letter
- Comment: WAC 208-472 indicates that an application for a field of membership expansion that "reasonably threatens the viability of another credit union" or one which overlaps another credit union's field of membership as defined by employment or association may not be approved by the Division.
Response: We disagree. The criterion listed in WAC 208-472-075(7) is: "Whether approval of the application might reasonably threaten the viability of another credit union." In most cases we would deny an application that presented such a threat. However, Subsection -075 lists criteria for our consideration, and does not require us to deny an application if one or more of the criteria are present.
As noted above, there are certain restrictions on the approval of applications that present direct overlaps in the same occupational or associational group. However, even in these cases, an application presenting a direct occupational or associational overlap may be approved if it falls within one of three specified exceptions, e.g., if a certain percentage of the group desires service from the applicant credit union. WAC 208-472-025(3), -050(3).
- Comment
Response: Please see the response to comment #1 above,
- Comment
The viability threat in this case is just much, much greater when the smaller credit union happens to be federal and operating under the laws governing federal community charter credit unions.
Response: Please see the response to comment #1 above,
- Comment
Quite the contrary, WAC 208-472 seems to have been written presuming that there would be viability consequences to complete FOM overlaps and therefore it precludes their approval in many of its provisions.
Response: As noted above, our rules only restrict direct overlaps in the same occupational or associational group, with certain exceptions. Approval of other types of direct or indirect overlaps is not restricted under our rules.
- Comment
Response: Credit unions with a community group in their FOM may take as a member any person that lives, works, or worships in the community. After the inclusion of a community in its FOM, a credit union may not direct market to occupational or associational groups (in the community) that are expressly part of the FOM bylaw of another credit union. WAC 208-472-065(8). This rule is an extension of the limited overlap protection afforded to occupational and associational based credit unions.
However, this rule does not apply in the current circumstance because A gave up all of its SEGs when it became a community charter credit union. If we widen the scope of the direct marketing restriction to apply in this case, I believe we would soon be faced with a multitude of different factual situations which would require us to sort out, based on some general notion of equity, in what circumstances the rule should and should not apply. We have chosen not to open up this Pandora's box.
- Comment
Response: I believe that you are referring to the criterion listed in WAC 208-472-075(8): "Whether the applicant is using the inclusion of the group as a marketing strategy to preempt expansion by other credit unions." Our concern here is that a credit union may add a new group in order to preempt another credit union from adding the group to its FOM, without any real intention of serving the group. This concern arises primarily with occupational or associational groups, where some measure of overlap protection is provided. B's application is for a community, not an occupational or associational group. Moreover, Subsection (8) is inapplicable because C is already in the FOM of A.
- Comment
Response: I believe that you are referring to the criterion listed in WAC 208-472-075(4):
"... whether the proposed new group has sufficient size and resources to form a credit union of its own." However, subsection (4) by its terms applies only to the inclusion of occupational or associational groups, and is therefore not applicable to the B's application.
- 14. Comment
Response: WAC 208-472-075(6) lists another criterion: "Whether the applicant has complied with plans on penetration and service submitted with previously approved applications for inclusion of a group in the applicant's field of membership." Our concern here is that a credit union may add new groups to its FOM without intending to make real efforts to serve the groups. What we are looking for is an indication whether the applicant credit union is making bona fide efforts to serve the groups in its existing FOM.
However, we do not intend to dictate minimum penetration or service levels of existing groups which must be reached before a credit union is eligible for Division approval of the addition of new FOM groups.
Please contact me if you have any further questions about our decision on B's application or our policies on FOM expansion.
December 3, 1996
Subject: Your letter dated November 22, 1996, requesting opinion on Chapter 208-440 WAC;
Dear _____:
By letter referenced above, you requested the answer to several questions regarding the application of Chapter 208-440 WAC. Chapter 208-440, initially adopted in 1979, is entitled "Rules On Credit Union Participation In Commercial Business Activities."
Your first question was whether Chapter 208-440 was invalidated in 1984 because the stated statutory authority for the Chapter, RCW 31.12.360, was repealed by Section 1(39), Chapter 31, Laws of 1984. In large part, RCW 31.12.360 specified procedures for the supervisor (predecessor to the Director of DFI) to remove a director or officer of a credit union. However, RCW 31.12.360 also included the following general wording, at the very end of the section:
The supervisor shall be charged with the administration and enforcement of this chapter, shall require each credit union to conduct its business in compliance therewith, and shall have power to commence and prosecute actions and proceedings to enforce the provisions of this chapter, to enjoin violations thereof, and to collect sums due the state of Washington from any credit union.
It appears that the supervisor determined that this wording provided the statutory basis for Chapter 208-440. This wording was substantially re-enacted as Section 53, Chapter 31, Laws of 1984, and is currently set forth in RCW 31.12.516. My conclusion therefore is that the 1984 repeal of RCW 31.12.360 did not invalidate Chapter 208-440.
However, as we agreed by telephone, I am returning your request in light of my desire to repeal Chapter 208-440 sometime around 1997 and replace it with general guidelines addressing safety and soundness issues. When I have developed a draft of the guidelines, I will forward them to you for comment.
As I mentioned in our conversation, enclosed is our Opinion 96-15 which we recently issued on Chapter 208-440. If you have any further questions concerning Chapter 208-440, feel free to contact me at (360) 902-8778.
This opinion has been canceled.
December 10, 1996
Subject: Telephone conference for board meetings
Dear _____:
You recently inquired whether a board meeting, regular or special, could be conducted if some or all of the directors participated from a remote site by telephone conference call. The statutory issues here are whether this arrangement constitutes a board meeting under RCW 31.12.255, and whether the remote director(s) participation constitutes their attendance under RCW 31.12.235(2). You should also review your articles and bylaws to ensure that this arrangement is permitted (or at least not prohibited) by any relevant provisions in these documents.
For the conference call arrangement to satisfy RCW 31.12.255 and .235(2), the following is required:
- The credit union should have telephone equipment that allows the remote director(s) to be both heard by all board members in attendance and to hear all board members' comments.
- The remote director(s) must receive the board packet in advance. All directors must have the same written information and the same amount of advance time to read the information.
- If additional written material is presented to the board, the remote director(s) should have immediate access to the same material by fax transmission.
- The telephone conference call should last for the entire period of the board meeting so the remote director(s) can hear all the discussion on the business conducted during the meeting. A phone call that is only long enough to ask for the remote director(s)' vote on pending motions does not satisfy the statutory requirements.
The remote director(s) will count toward a quorum for the meeting as long as all of the above requirements are fulfilled.
December 31, 1996
Subject: Counting mail ballots to reach quorum at membership meeting
Dear _____:
You have inquired how a quorum should be counted for a meeting of members. In your particular case, members will be voting on a merger proposal at a special meeting. They may vote by mail ballot or may attend the meeting in person to cast their vote. Your specific question is whether those members present in person as well as those voting by mail ballot should be counted for establishing a quorum.
The sections of state law which deal with special membership meetings and mergers are RCW 31.12.195 and .695, respectively. However, neither of these sections specify a minimum quorum level, let alone how a quorum should be counted.
Section 4, Article V of your Bylaws specifies quorum requirements for membership meetings. It states in part that if a quorum is not "present" at the appointed date of the meeting, the meeting may be recessed until a later date. However, like the statute, it also does not specify how a quorum should be counted.
In reviewing this issue, I looked to the analogous situation with general business corporations to see how they count a quorum for stockholder meetings. Stock corporations are permitted by general corporate law to count those persons voting by proxy as well as those persons present in person at a stockholders meeting to determine whether a quorum has been reached.
As noted above, there is no statutory direction in the Washington State Credit Union Act (Chapter 31.12 RCW) on this point. However, I believe that the general corporate law position is a rational one and that the same position should be adopted for credit unions. Accordingly, I have concluded that for the purpose of establishing a quorum at a membership meeting, you should count each member attending the meeting personally, as well as each member voting by mail ballot on an issue presented at the meeting.
December 17, 1996
To: File
Subject: Payment of membership fee or purchase of membership shares
I've had questions from two CUs recently whether, in order to join a CU, an eligible person must either pay a membership fee or purchase membership shares. That is, do they have to do one or the other in order to join? Looking at Ch. 31.12, particularly 31.12.065(1)(c) and .145., I conclude that as long as a person is within the FOM of the CU, and the Bylaws of the CU do not require payment of the fee or purchase of the shares, the CU may admit the eligible person without the payment or purchase. I think that the CU needs to set a policy on this, in its Bylaws or otherwise; members will not be happy about different treatment. Obviously, the policy cannot be applied in a discriminatory manner.


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subset: commoncrawl


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|All posts (15)
|CoQ10 (1)
|Vitamin D (10)
|Antioxidants (1)
|Omega-3 (1)
All posts
Could Vitamin D Protect Against Alzheimer's?
Could Vitamin D protect against Alzheimer's or other types of dementia? The media recently wrote about this after a new study:
- The Telegraph: Study: sunshine "could help to stave off dementia"
- Science Daily: Link between vitamin D, dementia risk confirmed
However, there are a few important points to keep in mind. The study is based solely on statistical associations (an observational study). The statistics show that people with dementia are more commonly Vitamin D deficient. But this doesn't mean that we know what the cause is.
We know from similar previous studies that almost all diseases are more common in people with Vitamin D deficiency. However, it may just as well be that for some reason people with diseases are less often out in the sun than healthy people.
If you only look at the statistics, you might think that Vitamin D is the all-time magic bullet that with some luck, may cure any disease. The most incredible pill that ever existed. However, it isn't that fantastic.
To know for sure you need to test Vitamin D supplements in large high-quality studies to see what the effect is. Existing studies investigating supplementing with Vitamin D show more modest results than the fantastic hopes.
Maintaining a good Vitamin D level through supplementation (or sun) seems to, on average, have small or moderately positive effects on the immune system (including in several autoimmune diseases like MS), muscle strength and coordination, bone density, mood as well as fat and lean mass. It might also, on average, slightly prolong life.
Large reviews of existing studies on supplementation don't, however, show any significant protective effect on common diseases such as heart disease, cancer or stroke. When this is tested, it will probably also be shown to apply to Alzheimer's. But we don't know yet.
Personally, I continue to supplement with Vitamin D daily, especially during the winter months. This is the only supplement I take daily. I think it's good for my health and well-being – but I don't expect any miracles. Continue Reading →
Vitamin D: No Miracle Cure
A new review of studies on vitamin D supplementation show that it does not have a major effect on common chronic diseases. There is no evidence that the risk for heart disease, cancer or stroke is significantly reduced. However, a small reduction in the risk of death (in other words a longer life) was seen in older women taking vitamin D supplements.
- USA Today: Review of vitamin D studies finds little health benefit
- BBC: Vitamin D not needed for healthy people, study finds
- MailOnline: Why taking vitamin D is "pointless": Review finds taking supplement does little to prevent chronic disease or early death
In previous studies, relatively small doses of vitamin D were given (800 IU, or less, daily) for limited periods of time and to relatively small groups of people. Currently, several high quality studies (supplementation with high doses to larger groups of people for longer periods of time), and the first results are expected to come in 2015. They will give us much more reliable knowledge.
We can, however, already conclude that any potential effect on heart disease, cancer and stroke is limited (probably at best less than a 15% reduction in risk). Supplementing with vitamin D does not give us immunity to our most common causes of death – if anybody expected it to.
However, very exciting findings remain, indicating that avoiding vitamin D deficiency may provide other health effects. When it comes to treatment for depression, certain pain conditions, reduction of abdominal fat and various diseases associated with the immune system (asthma, seasonal allergies, eczema, MS and upper respiratory tract infections) there are many smaller studies demonstrating a positive effect.
There are many more ongoing studies on Vitamin D – including several gigantic studies as mentioned above – and we'll soon know more.
It may be that some people have been too enthusiastic: Vitamin D is not a miracle cure for every disease (which uncertain observational studies may lead you to think). But many likely positive effects remain. And it's still a harmless and promising way of improving your odds for keeping healthy and feeling well during the winter months.
The Hobbit's Secret Weapon: Vitamin D
A couple of scientists have now determined why hobbits and elves usually win over orcs, even when they are severely outnumbered. The good guys' secret weapon? Vitamin D.
- ScienceShot: Why Hobbits Always Win
- The Medical Journal of Australia: The hobbit – an unexpected deficiency
This is of course a tongue-in-cheek statement. Being both a fantasy nerd and a Vitamin D nerd I find it quite funny.
However, imagine if it weren't fantasy literature that was examined, but real history – perhaps the result would have been the same? What do you think?
Should You Supplement Vitamin D During Pregnancy?
Should pregnant women take Vitamin D supplements, and if so, how much?
No other vitamin deficiency is as common during the dark winter months as the sun vitamin. Therefore, supplementing to avoid deficiency during pregnancy makes a lot of sense.
A recent study shows that supplementing Vitamin D reduces the risk of common pregnancy complications, such as high blood sugar and high blood pressure. Despite a very low dose – only 400 IU daily, compared to placebo – there were significantly positive results.
As previous studies have shown the same results (a lower blood sugar, a lower blood pressure, lower insulin levels) from supplementation in non-pregnant people, the results from this study are clearly credible.
What Dose is Appropriate During Pregnancy?
I usually recommend a dosage between 2,000 IU daily (small women) to 5,000 IU (large men) for adults during the dark winter months. For young children 1,000 IU daily may be appropriate.
The above are the doses needed to avoid severe deficiency and where the risk of overdosing hardly exists.
I see no reason for pregnant women to take lower doses than this. The requirement will likely be at least as great during pregnancy. A previous study on 4,000 IU Vitamin D given daily to pregnant women showed, furthermore, that this was completely safe and cut the risk of infections and preterm birth in half.
When my spouse was pregnant she took 4 – 5,000 IU Vitamin D daily. Since birth, my daughter Klara has received 1,000 IU Vitamin D drops daily. She couldn't be healthier or more perfect (of course). She's also the least autistic child I know.
Do you have an interesting experience with Vitamin D supplementation?
Vitamin D Can Help People With Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease is a common cause of debilitating complaints in predominantly older people. They experience successively increasing problems with stiffness and tremor. Two celebrities affected by the disease are Muhammed Ali and Michael J. Fox.
The cause is death of neurons in the brain that govern motor control. The treatment is providing dopamine supplements in various ways, which increases the activity in the remaining nerve cells. It's effective as long as sufficient nerve cells remain (in early stages of the disease), but in the long run it's less successful.
Now there may be a new addition to the arsenal of treatment. This is another application for Vitamin D, in which many people are deficient.
A new study tested supplementation of 1200 IU daily (as compared with placebo) over a year's time, to patients with Parkinson's. Only the control group experienced the typical successive worsening of symptoms, while the Vitamin D group did not.
What is the cause?
The discovery is exciting but it isn't necessarily Parkinson's disease in itself that is being stopped. Vitamin D supplementation has been shown before to improve muscle strength in elderly people [1 2], as well as reducing the risk of falling [1 2 3 4]. In younger subjects it may improve athletic performance. All of these effects may be connected to an observed increase in the testosterone levels in the bodies of Vitamin D-deficient people given supplements.
Thus, Vitamin D supplements have been shown to have a positive effect on muscle strength and balance in the elderly. It may be this effect that we see in the study on Parkinson's disease. Or there may be an additional positive effect.
Either way, it appears wise for elderly people who want to improve their mobility to avoid Vitamin D deficiency. Whether they have Parkinsson's disease or not.
Do you know someone who could benefit from knowing this?
Lose Weight by Supplementing Vitamins and Minerals
Do you want to lose weight? Here's part 12 of 17 in a series of blog posts on the subject. You can read the whole series on the How to Lose Weight page.
12. Supplement vitamins and minerals
Your body needs a certain amount of essential vitamins and minerals to function properly. What happens when you don't get enough of them? What happens when you eat too little food, or when the food you eat isn't sufficiently nutritious? Perhaps our bodies catch on and reply by increasing hunger levels. After all – if we eat more, we increase the chances of consuming enough of whatever nutrient we are lacking.
On the other hand, reliable access to vitamins and minerals could perhaps mean decreased hunger levels and decreased cravings, thereby promoting weight loss.
The above is, of course, speculation. But now there are well-performed studies which suggest it might not be far from the truth. Continue Reading →
Vitamin D Protects Against MS
MS is a dreaded disease that often affects young people and may cause severe lifelong disabilities. For some reason the immune system attacks the nervous system damaging it. There is no cure, only drugs that, at best, may slow disease progression. There is a great need for something else to use in the battle against MS.
Last fall two Swedish scientists warned that people with vitamin D deficiency were more frequently affected by MS. A previous study has also shown that people with MS who were randomized to receive vitamin D supplements became healthier than the control group [1 2]. This isn't too surprising as vitamin D affects the function of the immune system, and vitamin D deficiency is common.
One more study now shows that vitamin D supplementation may slow or prevent disease progression in cases of suspected MS, that were detected early. In this study vitamin D doses of 50 000 IU weekly were used, i.e. approximately 7 000 IU daily. More about the study:
Vitamin D Council: New randomized controlled trial says, Vitamin D prevents and delays multiple sclerosis.
Even more studies on MS and vitamin D are currently under way, but this already looks very promising. Presently, it makes sense for anyone suffering from MS to supplement with vitamin D. It is safe, so the potential gains (fewer lifelong disabilities) are gigantic in comparison to the cost.
Do you know anyone who should know about this?
PS: How much vitamin D should you take if you have MS? My general recommendation is 2 000 – 5 000 IU daily depending on body weight. The two studies that have shown a positive effect on MS used doses of 3 000 and 7 000 IU daily, respectively. Thus, my recommendation for MS patients is 5 000 IU daily. If you're taking significantly higher doses than this over a long period of time, you should check your blood levels of vitamin D.
Vitamin D and Seasonal Allergies
Here's well-timed news for people suffering from seasonal allergies: A new study, small but well designed, shows improvement with supplementation of vitamin D.
The participants (35 people with seasonal allergic rhinitis) received either vitamin D (4000 IU daily) or placebo for two weeks. Beyond this both groups received the same treatment. The group getting vitamin D experienced less daytime problems with sneezing, nasal congestion and runny noses:
Medscape: Oral Vitamin D Boost Intranasal Steroid Effect in Rhinitis
Observe that the study has only been presented at a scientific conference – meaning it's not published yet. The result thus has to be taken with an extra pinch of salt. And we need another, larger study for proof. But it still sounds promising.
Vitamin D and the Sun Habits of Our Ancestors
How much time did our ancestors spend in the sun? And does it matter for your health today?
A new study provides an interesting clue. Continue Reading →
Dilbert: Better than the sun
I'm getting some real strong sun in a few days. I'm flying to Florida, going on the Low Carb Cruise to Jamaica… There will be reports on it here.
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text: Schumacher has not woken up confirms manager 26 April, 2014 A respected German journalist has denied reports that Michael Schumacher has woken up from his coma. Reports late on Friday suggested that the seven time world champion, already confirmed to have been experiencing "moments of consciousness and awakening", had woken up and recognised his wife. The reports said the great 45-year-old's manager Sabine Kehm had confirmed the news to German television RTL. "Sorry, but those reports from Spain are apparently not true," Nicola Pohl, a respected correspondent for the major German daily Bild, said. "Kehm just texted me that she hadn't confirmed anything to RTL," she added. (GMM) Subbed by AJN. Tweet Related NewsSchumacher's son Mick makes single seater debutSchumacher most Googled for sportsman in 2014Magazine slammed for fake Schumacher photoSchumacher recovery time not possible to predictStreiff: Schumacher in wheelchair, can't speak, has memory problemsSchumacher making progress at home reveals doctorGoPro shares crash after Schumacher reportsSchumacher waking up slowly at homeTodt misquoted on Schumacher normal lifeSchumacher can live normal life again revealsTodt


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CEO of the WLT, Linda Tucker, with her beloved mentorOur LionHeart reaches out to all who knew and loved Dr Ian Player, most especially to his beloved wife, Ann, their daughter Jessica, the Player family and extended family around the world, both human and animal. Dr Ian Player was Patron of the Global White...Read More
'Game of Thrones' star Jerome Flynn is urging chocolate lovers to join the battle to save Africa's endangered White Lions with a delicious new bar specially created for the cause went on sale across the UK this month. The Global White Lion Protection Trust (WLT) has teamed up with Conscious Chocolate to make Lions Raw –...Read More
by Jason Turner Below is an article that appeared in the Cape Argus last weekend. The stats speak for themselves - lions are in crisis, and they need our urgent protection. Of the 3,100 wild lions in South Africa, about 1,900 lions can be found in the Greater Kruger Park Region, and of these only 14 are...Read More
**Only 8 places available**
R19 500.00 per person sharingJoin us for an artistic excursion of a lifetime: deep into the wildlands of Venda - rhino country and enclave of the world's greatest indigenous wood sculptors - then travel south along...Read More
The WLT will be commemorating World Lion Day together with our local community, who will be marching for the urgent protection of their White Lion heritage. The Sepedi and Tsonga people believe in the sacred importance of the White Lions, and many regard them lovingly as family members. However, White Lions have been artificially removed...Read More
The whole team at the WLT were very touched when we were approached by the children from the Waldorf School in Potsdam, Germany, to raise money. Every year the Class 7 pupils put together a school theatre project, with a special story. They rewrite parts of this story to make it their own, and then they...Read More
Add your single voice to the crowd-speaking platform, Thunderclap, and be part of changing conservation history for the world's lions TODAY. http://thndr.it/1l0SZf1 Thunderclap is the first-ever crowdspeaking platform that helps people be heard by saying something together. It allows a single message to be mass-shared, flash mob-style, so it rises above the noise of...Read More
The Global White Lion Protection Trust is proud to announce the launch of our largest-ever public fundraiser on a crowd-funding platform which is being run by our dedicated team in the United Kingdom. Our campaign "Roaring for Freedom" is backed by our celebrity sponsor, BAFTA nominated actor Jerome Flynn (currently starring in The Game of Thrones...Read More
Recently Jason and Linda were interviewed by Bertus Louw from 50:50 over the question as to whether white lions should be considered as a separate sub-species and if so why? Click the link below to see the full interview.The white lions of the Timbavati are shrouded with mystery...Read More


text:
We have diverse experience in the accessory component testing industry, having built machines for product testing windshield heaters, Hood hinges, axle balance, Steering columns, vapor tubes, lift assist mechanisms and cabin air flow. We know how to work with a variety of fluids and air and build a reliable, low maintenance package that encompasses a complete solution. We've built machines to functionally test, develop and endurance test these components for functionality, durability, contamination and accelerated life cycle testing.
As we are a turn-key supplier, we are happy to help you through getting your product tested in production and integrating the data and tracking through your manufacturing and warranty process. The more unique your requirement is, the more interested we are.
To obtain more information on how MCM can serve you with world-class engineering and design of advanced test machinery, please call or email us.
(248) 347-7900
Tuesday, July 22, 2014Thought we just worked with car parts? Wrong! MCM Designed a revolutionary machine for mixing and assembling lip gloss in front of the customer. The local cosmetic company, IMX Cosmetics, was recognized for their innovation.
Thursday, October 24, 2013
Machine builders are always looking for ways to reduce the cost of the equipment they provide to their customers.
Wednesday, January 30, 2013Reducing Inertial Noise for Injector Testing


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Product Overview
A Well Balanced, Hold Everything Gear Bag
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Travel in style with the Phantom Roller Snowboard Gear Bag. With designated pockets for goggles and vented boot storage you will arrive to your destination with fresh clothes and dry boots.


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AirTight is now Foametix
We are proud to announce that effective January 1st
AirTight SprayFoam of TN, LLC and Foametix of Chattanooga, LLC
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four spray foam rigs, one roof foam rig, one polyurea rig,
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Please click here if you are not forwarded to our new website.


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8 DIY Nail Designs to Try on Valentine's Day
Before you even consider a french manicure for the most romantic day of the year (just don't), take a look at these cool ideas that will score you so many more compliments. The best part is, they don't require a celebrity nail technician to achieve, but everyone will think you paid mega-bucks for one.
"Love you like XO!" Beyoncé would totally approve of (and rock) sparkly scarlet talons with white X's and O's on them. Just paint two coats of this Red Carpet Manicure lacquer on each, then use a white nail art pen to draw on the letters. PS—the polish is made from real rubies. #Luxe
Try Red Carpet Manicure Dazzling Gems Nail Polish in Lady in Red ($11.99, ulta.com) and Sally Hansen I Heart Nail Art Pen in White ($6, drugstore.com)


text:
A Collection of New Ayres (Hudgebut, John)
Free public domain sheet music from IMSLP / Petrucci Music Library
Sheet Music
1st Treble Part only
London: J. Heptinstall for John Hudgebutt, 1695.
1st Treble Part only
*#278994 - 3.50MB, 15 pp. - (0) - V/V/V - 406x⇩
Publisher Info.:
London: J. Heptinstall for John Hudgebutt, 1695.
sold by John Carr, John Money, John Young, John Haire, and John Miller
Misc. Notes:
The First Collection.
General Information
|Work Title
|A Collection of New Ayres
|Alternative Title
|A Collection of New Ayres: composed for Two Flutes [recorders], with Sonata's [sic]. By some of the Ingenious Masters of this Age.
|Hudgebut, John
|all Gentlemen and Ladies, Lovers of the Flute [recorder]
|Piece Style
|2 recorders
Misc. Comments
Composers: Raphael Courtiville, William Williams, Solomon Eccles [II], Mr. Keene, Mr. Morgine [Morgan?], John Eccles, John Banister
- Pages with scores
- Scores
- Hudgebut, John/Collections
- Baroque
- Airs
- Sonatas
- For 2 recorders
- Scores featuring the recorder
- For 2 players
- For 2 treble instruments
- Scores with open instrumentation
- Courteville, Raphael/Collections
- Collections
- Eccles II, Solomon/Collections
- Eccles, John/Collections
- Banister, John/Collections
- 17th-century facsimiles


text:
Psalm 91:1
English Standard Version (ESV)
My Refuge and My Fortress
will abide in the shadow of the Almighty.
English Standard Version (ESV)
Looking around, I can see amazing capabilities in everyone around me, but there is one problem. I see few leaders! Granted, we cannot all be a leader, or there would be nobody to lead, but there are people with awesome leadership skills out there, possibly you.
There is nothing wrong with not being a leader. Not everyone has what it takes to be one. Well, what is a leader? Let's look at 7 qualities of a good leader.
Comes in 3 colors: red, blue, and green! To download these free 840×315 backgrounds, simply click the picture or the link below it. Enjoy!
Free Download!
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A 1024×960 image of a blue lightbulb! For a free download, click the following image or the link below the image:
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On April 24, 2013, I was blessed with the opportunity to speak in the high school service at Crossgates Baptist Church. As Christians, we are called to let our light shine. Here is the audio of what I said:
I challenge you. Let your light shine to show others the path to the cross.Read More
As Christians, we have a problem. We are not living as a Christian should! Yes, some are, but as a majority, we are not. Well, since we are talking about letting our light shine, what does that mean?
When you are told to let your light shine (the light given to you by Christ), this means to live in a way that shows everyone around you who you are, what you believe in, and Who you serve. In the first part of Matthew 7:16 it tells us, "They will be known by their fruit." Live in a way that those around you can see Christ through you. Illuminate the path to Him.
Back to the subject. We have a problem. This is a major problem that has been happening for far too long. Like I said in the second sentence of this post, we are not living as a Christian should!
We have to live and walk in the light...Read More
I would like to start out by apologizing to you. I have told you I would be releasing three articles per week, and I have not done so for a long time. I thought about posting and letting you know what was going on, and realized I never did. So what's this about being 'under construction'?
What's under construction? This website. I decided to leave it up so you can take advantage of the resources already here. Soon I will have a new website for you with an entire new look. It would be out first, but I put you first. I am not only working on my website, but will also soon be releasing a website design for a customer and friend that's focus is helping women with their relationship with God. I will be sure to post again and let you know.
Some of you may also know about my book. weShine: Foun...Read More
This is my review of the book Until We All Come Home by Kim de Blecourt. It can be found on amazon here. Enjoy!
Until We All Come is a story with many principles, but the most important of these is love. This is a perfect book for someone adopting, or just going through a hard time. This book shows what happens when you put your full faith in God. Yes, sometimes we fall into despair, but God patiently waits for us to come back to him.
The love is shown in multiple ways in this story. Most importantly, God loves us. For those of us who have grown up in church or been in church a long time, we tend to brush that off as some children's story, but it isn't...Read More
As you may have seen or heard, I design websites such as the website I built for College Park Baptist Church (view the example below). I have decided to do a short post on my web design services.
Many web designers and web design companies charge thousands of dollars to build websites. You must be thinking there is a catch. Well, as I have been asked before, why is it so much cheaper?
Honestly, the reason I do not charge much is I want to help you. I want to help those who cannot afford to spend thousands getting a website set up for them. You may be an aspiring author, musician, dancer, singer, or another field, and you need to get what you have to say where people can see it. This is a perfect opportunity for you.
There is little difference in quality between a website I make, and a we...Read More
Today's post is a guest post from Lauren Evans. Please read, and if you enjoy, comment and share. All glory goes to God, so let's get more people to read this.
"That you may walk worthy of the Lord, fully pleasing Him, being fruitful in every good work and
increasing the knowledge of God." – Colossians 1:10 (NKJV)
Key questions:
Are we doing all that this verse says? Are we walking worthy of the Lord? Are we fully pleasing him? Are
we being fruitful in every good work? Are we increasing the knowledge of God?
Now think about your answers. Are you really? The sad fact is that most of us, including myself cannot
answer yes to all of these questions all of the time. As Bono from the band U2 said," If only we could be
a bit more like Him, the world would be transformed,"...


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Crews battle grass fire in SE part of metro
Updated On: Mar 07 2013 07:13:56 PM CST
Firefighters got control of a wildfire on the southeast side of the Oklahoma City metro area on Thursday night.
Firefighters battled the flames in the 5900 block of Southeast 61st Street.
There is no word what caused the fire. There were no reports of injuries either.
Stay with KOCO.com for live, local, latebreaking information. Click here to subscribe to our breaking news alerts.
Copyright 2013 by KOCO.com All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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BOSTON – The 50th Super Bowl will be held in the San Francisco Bay Area and the NFL championship will go to Houston the following year.
Team owners voted Tuesday for the 49ers' new stadium as host of the 2016 game. That facility in Santa Clara, is due to open for the 2014 season.
San Francisco beat out South Florida, which was stymied in its bid to stage an 11th Super Bowl when the Florida Legislature did not support financing to renovate Sun Life Stadium.
"After losing a Super Bowl (to Baltimore), it feels really good to win a Super Bowl," 49ers CEO Jed York cracked.
Houston, which also beat out Miami, was awarded the 2017 title game. It has hosted once before, in 2004.
The only previous Super Bowl played in northern California was at Stanford Stadium in 1985.
When NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell announced the 2016 decision, members of the San Francisco bid committee let out a roar of approval, then toasted each other with champagne.
"We are so excited to be able to be able to put on the 'Golden Super Bowl' in the Golden State," York said.
Asked what he believed swayed the owners to vote for San Francisco, York added: "It's the willpower of an entire area that gave an overwhelming push for us."
It was the first time in a decade that a Super Bowl was awarded on the first ballot.
"The Bay Area has been waiting for a (title) game since 1985. We have a stadium now … we are just thrilled and couldn't be happier about this," said Daniel Lurie, a leader of the San Francisco bid.
"We are going to get to highlight the best the Bay Area has to offer."
The Dolphins were denied public money for a stadium upgrade in South Florida following widespread complaints about the public investment sunk into the Marlins' new baseball home.
Multibillionaire Dolphins owner Stephen Ross contends $350 million in stadium improvements are badly needed, but he doesn't want to pay for them by himself. Nor does he want a scaled-down renovation of the 26-year-old facility.
Miami has hosted 10 Super Bowls, tied with New Orleans for the most. But neither will get the 50th.
Comments are encouraged, but you must follow our User Agreement
Keep it civil and stay on topic. No profanity, vulgarity, racial slurs or personal attacks. People who harass others or joke about tragedies will be blocked. By posting your comment, you agree to allow Orange County Register Communications, Inc. the right to republish your name and comment in additional Register publications without any notification or payment.


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Spring 2014 - Math 1C
Richard Hansen, De Anza College, Mathematics
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Syllabus/Greensheet Math 1C Spring 2014
Math 1C-63, Spring 2014 (42242) Richard Hansen; S-52B; (408) 864-8577
Calculus (third quarter); TTh 6:30-8:45 pm; E-36 email: email@example.com
Text: Stewart, Calculus: Early Transcendentals; 7th web page: http://www.deanza.edu/faculty/hansen
Office Hours: Before and after class – TTh 6:00 - 6:30 pm and 8:45 - 9:15 pm or by appointment
Syllabus: Infinite series, lines and surfaces in three dimensions, vectors in two and three dimensions, parametric equations of curves, derivatives and integrals of vector functions. Prerequisite: Math 1B.
Equipment: Graphing calculator (numerical but not symbolic).
Week(Monday) Topics (with reference to chapters and sections in Stewart)
1 (4/7) Introduction; 11: 1-3 (sequences and series, integral test)
2 (4/14) 11: 4-5 (comparison tests, alternating series); Quiz #1
3 (4/21) 11: 6-7 (absolute convergence, ratio and root test, strategies); Quiz #2
4 (4/28) 11: 8-9 (power series and functions); *Test #1 (1 May)*
5 (5/5) 11:10-11 (Taylor and Maclaurin series, applications); Quiz #3
6 (5/12) 10: 1-3 (parametric equations and curves, polar coordinates); Quiz #4
7 (5/19) 10: 4 (areas and lengths); 12: 1-2 (vectors in 3-dimensions); Quiz #5
8 (5/26) *Test #2 (27 May);* 12: 3-4 (dot and cross products)
9 (6/2) 12: 5-(6) (lines and planes, cylinders and quadric surfaces); Quiz #6
10 (6/9) 13: 1-3 (functions and curves, derivatives and integrals, arc length and curvature); Quiz #7
11 (6/16) 13: 4 (motion in space); *Test #3 (17 June);* Review
12 (6/23) **Final Examination 24 June 6:15 - 8:15 pm**
Course Requirements: The course will consist of a combination of teacher demonstrations with student participation in discussions, individual, and group work.
1. There will be seven Homework Quizzes during the quarter based upon the suggested problems. No make-ups will be given, unless arranged in advance. Students should work problems in addition to those suggested. [The lowest quiz score will be dropped to compute the course grade.]
2. There will be three in-class Tests. Note the dates; no make-ups will be given, unless arranged in advance. [If higher, one-half of the score on the final exam replaces the lowest test to compute the course grade.]
3. There will be a two-hour Final Examination on Tuesday, June 24, from 6:15 to 8:15 pm.
Any student missing the final exam will fail the course; no excuses are acceptable.
Grading: Quizzes (6 X possible 25 points each) 150
Tests (3 X possible 50 points each) 150
Final Exam (1 X possible 100 points) 100
400 points
Course grades will reflect the following percentage range of total scores:
A = C = F = below 50% (below 200)
Grades of B+, B-, and C+ will be used as the final distribution of grades warrants; A- will not be used.
Attendance: Regular attendance is expected. A student who misses any class during the first two weeks of the quarter may be dropped from the course. Inform the instructor, in advance, of any necessary absences; telephone the instructor and leave a message if an emergency arises. Note, however, that it is the student's responsibility to formally "drop" the course. Protect your academic record by observing these deadlines:
20 April to drop with no record 2 May for P/NP option 30 May to drop with a "W"
| Home | Classes | email me |
| Faculty Association | BFA | FACCC |
| Foothill-De Anza District Home Page | De Anza College Home Page |


text: 2 Bit of a conhazelann37 | 16/01/2008 | See all hazelann37's reviews (4)We were bought this for xmas as we have played Oblivion to death. However, as another reviewer has mentioned, you need to be connected to xbox live to be able to play the expansion. Nowhere that I can see does it state this on the box. The only reason you need to connect up is to get the actual Oblivion game update which is free. This is all very well if you have the means to actually connect up to xbox live. We were absolutely gutted to find we couldn't play this expansion. I have only given it a 2 star rating simply for this reason. I feel it is a complete con and to presume that everyone has xbox live is to be honest not right or just. We are lucky that we have a modem router and an xbox downstairs which I have managed to connect up via LAN. It's the first time I've ever connected up and to be honest, it was very easy and no pc is needed. I am writing this becuase I feel people ought to be made aware of this. As I say, nowhere that I can see does it state on the box that an update of Oblivion is required. Now that I have the update, I just hope it was worth all the hassle!!


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Econo Lodge Jacksonville
Description provided by Econo Lodge Jacksonville
The Econo Lodge is located minutes from downtown Jacksonville, EverBank Field, Prime Osborne Convention Center, Jacksonville International Airport, Memorial Hospital, St. Johns Town Center and Specialty Hospital. Hotel amenities and features include meeting and banquet facilities, free breakfast, free wireless high-speed Internet access and an outdoor pool. We also offer free parking for RVs, trucks, buses and trailers. This is a pet-friendly hotel.
List of Amenities for Econo Lodge Jacksonville
| · Alarm clock
· Bus parking
· Cable television
· Coffee/Tea maker
· Continental breakfast
· Free high speed internet connection
· Free parking
· Hairdryer
· Multilingual staff
· Multilingual staff
· Onsite laundry
· Outdoor parking
· Outdoor pool
· Pets allowed
· Telephone
· Truck parking
· Vending machines
· Wireless internet connection
Restaurant InformationTaco Bell Dunkin Donuts Burger King Sunny's BBQ Cracker Barrell Applebee's Zaxby's Waffle House Dave and Busters McBee's Lounge Applebee's Bar
Meeting FacilityMeeting Room A
Meeting room with audio/computer hookupMeeting Room B
Meeting room with audio/computer hookup
Recreation Information
Outdoor pool
Area AttractionsJacksonville Int'l Airport
Daytona Beach Int'l Airport
Orlando Int'l Airport
Adventure Landing
Jacksonville Beach
Amelia Island
St John Towncenter
Avenues Mall
World Golf Village
Cummer Museum
Times Union Center
Ritz Theater
EverBank Field
Jacksonville Zoo
Jacksonville Fairgrounds
Prime Osborn Con. Center
Lavilla Museum
Southbank Riverwalk
Veterans Stadium
Florida Theater
Jacksonville Suns Field
Room Information for this hotelHandicap room, Iron, Microwave, Non-smoking, Refrigerator
Miscellaneous Information provided by Econo Lodge Jacksonville
· American Dollars is the native currency.
· Check in time is 4:00 PM
· Check out time is 11:00 AM
· 133 rooms.
· 0 suites.
· 2 floors.
This Hotel's Guarantee Policy
This Hotel's Cancellation Policy
Reservations not cancelled by deadline will be charged 1 night's stay, or full amount of stay for reservations requiring prepayment.


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Transform yourself into a rebellious flapper from the Roaring 20s and wear this Sexy Women's On the Fringe Flapper Costume to your next Halloween or theme party. The outfit features a smoking hot red dress, a gold headband with a red feather, and a black cigarette holder prop. The dress has a tank top with gold accents and a fringe design at the hem. You can also add on to this costume by checking out some of the accessories that are sold separately on our site, such as a pair of gold shoes, a pair of tights or pantyhose, and a black or red boa. You can even get a red sequin purse or a pair of red elbow length gloves to perfect the flapper look.
Our Price: $4.97
Our Price: $6.97
Our Price: $33.97
Our Price: $49.99


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A customer was generous enough to send us these photos of his model train after
he removed the rust using Evapo-Rust. The model trains below sat unused in a
barn for a few decades. The time spent in the barn led to the inevitable rusting
of the trains.
After soaking the trains in Evapo-Rust the trains are now looking great. The
rust that ruined the appearance of the trains is now gone. After soaking the
trains, the paint is still in great shape. Evapo-Rust is very gentle yet removes
all the rust.
Purchase Evapo-Rust
The Rust Store
Phone Orders: 1-877-256-9301
Copyright © 2005-2014 Wingra Direct


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Even the right-leaning New York Post conceded that John Kerry was the winner of the debate, although they noted this with an asterisk which read: "...of Assface of the Year." (2:55)
© Copyright 2014 Comedy Partners. All Rights Reserved. Comedy Central and all related titles, logos and characters are trademarks of comedy partners.


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2014 Jump$tart National Educator Conference
As the nation's leading advocate for youth financial literacy, the Jump$tart Coalition® will proudly conduct its fifth annual conference devoted specifically to PreK-12 classroom teachers of personal finance in Los Angeles, California. This conference offers classroom educators an opportunity to see, learn about, and try educational resources to integrate immediately into current lesson plans; to attend informative workshops under three different strands—advocacy, curriculum/content, and personal growth; to meet with leaders from finance and education; and to network with colleagues from across the country. Read More...
Life Happens
Most young people have not given much thought to topics like life, health and disability insurance. Yet in a few short years they will face important decisions regarding these core protection products and how they get addressed could mean the difference between a financially secure future and a lifetime of financial struggles. It's one of the key reasons the nonprofit Life Happens created its Next Generation high school program in 1997. Next Generation is designed to help teach high school students on basic insurance concepts. Read More...
2014 Annual Awards Dinner
Thank you to all who supported and joined us on Tuesday, April 8, 2014 to "Stand Up for Financial Literacy" at our Annual Awards Dinner at the Renaissance Washington, DC Hotel. Thank you to special guest emcee, Janet Bodnar of Kiplinger's Personal Finance and congratulations to all the honorees. Read More...
Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy


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Classic PEZ candy dispensers in 3 different Elvis Presley designs: 1950's Elvis, 1960's Elvis, and 1970's Elvis.Each tin contains 3 dispensers, 3 candy cartridges, and a 3 track Elvis CD. Songs include:Hound Dog - originally recorded in 1956Follow That Dream - originally recorded in 1961The Wonder of You - originally recorded in 1970Shipping Weight ~ 2 lbs.Note: This limited edition product was released by PEZ in 2007 only and its "best before" date is 2010 (no refunds for this collector's item).
America's favorite online candy store! Looking for bulk candy, retro candy, or themed candies for weddings or holidays? It's all here, including major brands like Willy Wonka or Pop Rocks, and even specialty treats like gourmet lollipops and rock candy.
Also check out the Most Popular Candy Searches on our website! Pamper your palate with fresh candy shipped fast from friendly elves. Learn More About Us


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Definitions for doled
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word doled
Webster Dictionary
of Dole
Find a translation for the doled definition in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss these doled definitions with the community:
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"doled." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 20 Dec. 2014. <http://www.definitions.net/definition/doled>.


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But hungry diners weren't the only visitors at Keim Wednesday. Two agents from the Kansas Department of Revenue's civil tax and enforcement bureau and a law enforcement agent from the state's Alcoholic Beverage Control agency executed a delinquent sales tax warrant on the business at 304 S. Main St., Ottawa.
"There is a tax warrant that was issued — that I can confirm," Mary Jones, warrant execution manager for the revenue department, said Wednesday afternoon.
The department did not release other details about the case, but Jones said the department had no plans to close the business and the bakery could continue operating. The state agency is working with the business to bring the owners up-to-date on the sales taxes owed, Jones said, adding it was a routine process for the department.
"They can continue to operate, and we're hoping in the future that we can work with them to come up with some kind of solution to make sure we don't have to close them," Jones said.
The bakery is expected to pay the delinquent taxes, although the revenue department did not disclose the amount owed.
Jones could not confirm if agents seized cash on the premises to begin paying off the debt. Wednesday's step of the process was complete, Jones said, but the agency planned to follow up with the business owner to make payment arrangements.
The bakery's owner, Tony Keim, said nothing has changed about the business, and the bakery would continue serving patrons.
The problem, Keim said, stemmed from not filing a sales tax return to the state on time. Sales tax returns are supposed to be filed quarterly with the state, but Keim said he did not get it done on time.
Kansas imposes a 6.3-percent state retailers' sales tax, while Franklin County has a 1.5-percent sales tax and the City of Ottawa imposes a 1.1-percent sales tax — making the total sales tax rate 8.9 percent.


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Make It Happen!
IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSThe Make It Happen! process is long term and embedded in the ongoing life of the school. The process requires more than one school year for one full round of implementation which includes the following steps:
A consultant from EDC begins the process by holding an Awareness Session for interested teams of teachers, their administrators, and potential school-based facilitators. The consultant describes the features and benefits of an I-Search Unit using videos, simulations, and hands-on activities. Then the contultant explains the role/tasks of the teams, facilitator, and principal in terms of the steps in the long-term process. The session ends with a chance for teachers to debrief:
Start-UpAfter teams decide to participate, they engage in a series of start-up activities under the direction of their site-based facilitators who use the Make it Happen! manual. The goals are for the team to build strong relationships; to better understand inquiry in general and the I-Search process in particular; to begin discussing possible generative themes for their interdisciplinary units; and to gather materials and resources that include technology applications.
Curriculum DesignCurriculum design, which usually takes place over five or more consecutive days, is a time for intensive planning of the four phases of the I-Search process. With guidance from facilitators, teachers follow a process with the following steps:
This process is not "lock-step," but allows for a recursive process in which teachers construct and reconstruct their units over the course of a week. By the end of this week, teachers have compiled a written plan with a detailed table of contents showing where to locate their plans.
Curriculum ImplementationDuring implementation of their units, teachers refine their plans as needed based on emerging student data. The built-in assessment component pushes teachers to make instructional-level changes. School-based facilitators, using Make It Happen! guidelines, make sure that the teams meet regularly to discuss students, the unit, and their work together as a team.
Reflection and ExpansionWhen the unit ends, teachers reflect on the impact of the unit on students, themselves, and their team. They find ways to deepen and strengthen the unit for themselves and for others who will follow their lead. One strategy that promotes expansion to other teams is to have the first-round teams hold a Showcase Conference. This teacher-led effort serves as the Awareness Session for the next round of teachers.
Project of


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RSS 8 deals tagged "bodyshop"
The Body Shop - Up to 50% Off Entire Store Buy More Save More Ends 08/12/12
@ thebodyshop-usa.com | 0 comments | skincare, beauty, lotion, fragrance, bodyshop
2 years ago
$10 for $20 Worth of Bath and Body Products - The Body Shop for $10
@ groupon.com | 2 comments | health, body-shop
3 years ago
The Body Shop Special 10-Piece Collections ($126 value) for $45
@ thebodyshop-usa.com | 0 comments | body-shop, toiletries, beauty
3 years ago
Groupon: $20 worth of in-store merchandise at The Body Shop, including sale items for $10 + free shipping
@ groupon.com | 1 comment | beauty, body-shop, toiletries, skin-care
3 years ago
30% off sale + free shipping if you spend $50.
@ thebodyshop-usa.com | 0 comments | beauty, bodyshop, bath, soap, cosmetics
3 years ago
$20 for $40 Worth of Natural Skin Care, Bath and Beauty Products at The Body Shop for $20
@ groupon.com | 0 comments | beauty, skincare, bath, bodyshop, groupon
4 years ago
4 years ago
Sponsored Deals
They're like ads, but good.
OK, yes, companies pay a little something to be Sponsored Deals. But we don't allow just any old crap in this section. Sponsored Deals are proposed to us by other retailers, manufacturers, and even other daily deal sites. If we find the deal compelling enough that our members will appreciate us bringing it to their attention, we'll feature it here. Believe it or not, we have a reputation to uphold. If your store would like to be considered for this space, please contact us for details. But if your deal is lame, or sketchy, no amount of money will let you buy your way in.
Community Deals
It's whatever you want it to be.
Pretty much, anyway. This is where you find the deals that wooters like you have ferreted out and brought to light. We're thinking it'll turn into a massive database of discounted products from around the Web, constantly expanding to absorb the newest deals from the very moment their prices are slashed, with each deal immediately rated by hordes of savvy voters to spotlight the very greatest deals in the world today. Hey, we can dream, right?
We use a fancy algorithm to determine which deals are catching the most buzz – they're under the Popular tab, which is the default view of this section. You can look for the most popular deals today, this week, or this month. The Fresh tab features the most recently submitted deals, so that's where to look for deals that everybody else doesn't know about yet. And the Search bar does what a Search bar does, only, uh, much wootier! Yeah! Right on!
Ask The Community
They probably won't bite.
Organic bullets? Vegetarian haggis? Cheap tickets to Antarctica? The best high-performance sweatsocks for under $100? If you're looking for a deal that doesn't appear to show up in our Community Deals section, throw the question to your fellow cheapskates. Or answer a question for one of your fellow cheapskates. Or vote for your favorite questions, or your favorite answers, or… maybe we should call this section "Ask, Answer, Comment On, And Vote In The Community", but that won't fit on the page.


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CROs Clinical Research Management (ClinicalRM) and PPD were awarded contracts by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) to develop medical countermeasures.
The CROs will become part of a clinical studies network to develop vaccines, drugs, and diagnostics against chemical, biological radiological, nuclear, pandemic flu and emerging infectious diseases.
The federal funds were doled out in five-year, $100m contracts. BARDA also anticipates spending $79m on its Broad Spectrum Antimicrobials program in FY 2015.
PPD's contract with BARDA is an indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) agreement for clinical study services, with a minimum period of performance of two years and maximum period of performance of five years.
Paul Colvin, PPD's EVP of clinical development said: "We are excited at the prospect of deploying our world-class scientific expertise, innovative solutions, cutting-edge technology, flexible resources and operational efficiencies to help protect public health and the nation's health security."
Victoria Tifft, CEO of ClinicalRM, added: "ClinicalRM is proud to engage in this critical work with BARDA. The award of this contract allows us to continue to build strong and meaningful partnerships with the Government, industry, and academia to combat a variety of potential national threats."