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August 11, 2011 | 123
If you're bothered by the idea of killing animals for food, then going vegetarian might seem like an obvious response. But if you want your diet to kill as few animals as possible, then eschewing meat is actually quite an indirect, and sometimes even counterproductive, strategy. The question you should be asking yourself about any given food is not, "Is this food animal flesh?" The question you should be asking yourself is, "How many animal lives did this food cost?"
That might seem like an odd question for a vegetarian to have to concern himself with, but producing foods like eggs, milk and cheese – all of which are permitted on a typical vegetarian diet – does kill animals. Harvesting eggs and dairy doesn't, in theory, require us to kill the laying hens or dairy cows, but in practice, modern factory farms do kill their hens and cows, at whatever point in the animals' life cycles the farm considers to be the most profit-maximizing. For dairy cows, that's usually at age 3-5, out of a natural 20-25 year lifespan. For egg-laying hens, it's usually after one or two laying cycles. And since the male chicks of the laying species are useless to the egg farmer, they're killed right after they hatch.
In order to estimate roughly how many animals die to produce each kind of food, I scrounged up some data on the typical amount of meat, eggs, and dairy that we get out of a modern farm animal, and combined it with data on the calorie counts of those foods. That allowed me to calculate the number of calories of food that we get out of each type of animal, or more to the point, the "lives-per-calorie" statistic for each food. The results are below, with the foods ordered from "kills the fewest animals per calorie" to "kills the most animals per calorie." (All numbers are approximate, of course, but they're from as recent and reliable sources as I could find. Detailed citations are at the end of this post.)
*The yield for a laying hen over its lifetime is actually about 550 eggs, but I've divided it by two to account for the fact that approximately one male chick is killed for every laying hen.
The most striking result that falls out of this calculation is that eating eggs, as many vegetarians do, kills more animals than eating red meat. That's primarily due to the vast size difference between chickens and cows or pigs. While you only need to kill one single steer to get about 450 pounds (405,000 calories) worth of meat, you'd need to kill about 20 chickens to get enough eggs to match that number of calories.
In fact, the lives-per-calories cost of eggs is so many times higher than that of beef that even a small amount of eggs outweighs the life cost of a larger amount of beef. So, for example, let's say you're a vegetarian and you go out to lunch with your omnivorous friend, where he orders a burger and you order an egg-salad sandwich. The two eggs in your sandwich are only 150 calories, compared to the 300 calories in his beef patty, but the eggs cost almost 9 times as much life as the beef.
This isn't to say that vegetarianism is pointless. The typical vegetarian almost certainly causes fewer animal deaths than the typical omnivore. And unless you're replacing all of your meat calories with egg-calories, going vegetarian will significantly reduce the number of deaths your diet is causing. The important takeaway from these calculations, rather, is that evaluating food in terms of "flesh" versus "not-flesh" doesn't tell you that much about how many animals died to produce it.
Of course, the number of animal deaths isn't the only thing you might care about if you're concerned about animal welfare – there's also the very important question of how much suffering the animals experience. Looking at suffering instead of number of deaths would change the calculations somewhat, but I suspect the overall verdict would remain similar if you were looking at suffering-per-calorie – or, if anything, things would look even grimmer for egg-lovers. Laying hens arguably lead some of the most miserable lives out of all livestock, spending all their time crammed into cages with less space than half a piece of paper, having their beaks cut off, and being starved to induce molting. (The male chicks would count less if you're looking at suffering-per-calorie, however, since their lives are so short.)
It's also worth noting that lives-per-calorie calculations also don't take into account impact on the environment. Raising beef is arguably the worst industry in terms of things like producing greenhouse gases, breeding antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and requiring huge amounts of farmland just to feed the cattle. So there's still a good case for choosing eggs over beef in the sense of minimizing your environmental impact, but that doesn't change the fact that you'd be making a tradeoff: killing more animals to hurt the environment less.
According to the USDA, the average dairy cow produced 21,000 lbs of milk last year, and according to several sources, the average dairy cow is culled from the herd after about 3 years, so I multiplied 21,000*3 to get the average amount of milk produced over the lifetime of a dairy cow. It takes about 1 gallon of milk to produce 1 lb of cheese, and there are about 8.5 lbs of milk per gallon, so I divided 63,000 lbs by 8.5 to get the 7,400 lbs of cheese figure.
The figures on beef and pork come from the Oklahoma Department of Agriculture.
The average number of eggs per laying hen per year comes from the USDA, and I multiplied by two because that's the most common figure I found for the number of laying cycles. The average weight of a broiler chicken I got from the USDA's annual Poultry Slaughter publication.
Photo of eggs: enggul on Flickr
Related at Scientific American: Every diet has a body-count: in the garden with the vegetarian killing snails.
Very interesting. If you consider cage-free/cruelty-free/free-range animals, do the calculations change much?
One other factor to consider is that many people weigh chickens and cows differently; e.g., some people don't eat red meat (at least partially for ethical reasons).Link to this
One other factor: I think the calves of dairy cattle are usually killed to make veal, and the cow has to be re-impregnated to continue producing lots of milk. The killing of the calf is connected with the production of milk.Link to this
Sigh! The fact is, there is no way to reduce your impact on the earth to zero. Thanks for this illuminating perspective. I guess one option is to buy eggs from a local farmer where you can visit the farm or at least know their practices. But at $5/dozen, that's not an option for many people. Arg to factory farming.
Any idea if the "retired" egg hens get sold for meat? They must end up in chicken nuggets or something.
Also, wasn't a law just proposed that would increase the amount of space for egg hens from 8 square inches to something that allows them to stretch their wings and turn around? Can't remember if it actually passed or not…Link to this
Why are "calories" per "animal life" the things we are measuring? Calories are something we may have categorized as important at one time in history (and maybe most of history) but are not what many of us are looking for in our food now. My guess is the average person that makes choices based on animal life is currently looking for many other things such as enjoyment, ease of access, and so on.
my way of categorizing it would be desire (or value) fulfillment of the person eating it compared to desire (or value) fulfillment of the animal getting eaten to the degree that the desires can be quantified. human desires stronger (in at least some areas) as the animal. I know a much larger set of data and is needed and an article about this may be much to difficult but just thought i would bring up that point.
P.S. Julia, your podcast rationally thinking is one of my favorites. You two have really done a great job on helping me understand the world a bit more clearly. thanks a million time over!Link to this
Meat chickens hold their fair share of environmental problems as well. http://www.pewenvironment.org/bigchickenLink to this
Wow, what a great post. Paulcorrado, I think this is why blog posts are so great — they are the start of a conversation, not the end. So this author parsed out the data one way, and you can choose to parse it another way. It's all interesting.
I buy my eggs and dairy locally — the eggs are $4/dozen, and occasionally aren't available in the wintertime. But I feel pretty darn lucky to be able to afford them, and to have such amazing access to local farmers here in central IL.Link to this
"For egg-laying hens, it's usually after one or two laying cycles. And since the male chicks of the laying species are useless to the egg farmer, they're killed right after they hatch."
They can't be completely useless if they're killing the layers after one or two laying cycles and hatching new chickens. Roosters do die, and male chicks must occasionally be needed, or else they're using artificial reproductive methods.
I'm pretty sure carnivores and other omnivores don't tally up how many animals die for them, and as an omnivore, I don't spend much time on that calculation, either. I'm here, and I have to eat. Unlike other animals, I hope to try to do that mindfully while not being too rarefied about it. What's of greater interest to me is energy transfer and use of the animal. As someone has already asked, are the chickens who are killed after one or two laying cycles simply discarded? Or are they used for food? If not the former, then one clear target for reform is the disposition of the animals after their deaths.
Also of interest to me is the lives the animals have led, and that's not purely from an animal welfare standpoint. Physiology would dictate differentials in biochemical outputs and ratios based on stress levels, etc., so it's in the consumer's interest to (sorry to put it this way) obtain their animal products from animals that were reasonably relaxed until death. What are the values for free-range, grain-fed chickens, etc.? How do these vary compared to values for standard commercially produced eggs? These are important questions for people who seek to diminish various negative aspects of eating animals and animal products but who see omnivory as a natural expression of being a member of their species.Link to this
Good post its good for people to realize that some animal byproducts have a higher cost than meat itself. If one is "bothered by the idea of killing animals for food" and wants their "diet to kill as few animals as possible" then it seems they should avoid animal products in general as much as possible, ie go vegan.Link to this
I forgot to say, I enjoyed this piece because of all the questions it raised for me. Among them, why the "per animal" calculus? For example, how many animals die for the growth and processing of food crops? Many are invertebrates, so…do they count? Probably too hard to calculate using the calorie scale, but I'm curious how the per-animal value would come out. Many factors to consider, though, including initial loss of habitat, ongoing deaths from pesticides, etc., deaths from transport and processing, etc.Link to this
The real solution is less people, not less costly food. The human population has surpassed Earth's carrying capacity. Unlike most other animals whose populations are often kept in check by seasonal food source cycles or natural predators, we had used our intelligence to overcome all forms of natural population control. Unless we drastically reduce population growth, there is no long lasting solution that will work. Tell the Vatican to stop forbidding contraceptives and abortion. They are killing the planet by encouraging their followers to have more children than they should.Link to this
Fascinating. It really makes me wonder, however, how many people are killed and maimed to bring us the food we eat. For example, the US department of labor reports that about 2000 people die every year and nearly 200,000 are severely injured on farms in the USA alone. It would be a great exercise to examine what kinds of foods are associated with the highest rates of human injury and mortality. After all, it would be a good idea to promote humane treatment of humans, not just animals.Link to this
As far a I know, growing up in North-central Illinois and working on a few farms, calves are killed at 1 year because that is when their weight gain and tenderness/food used is maximized. It's true of Angus as well as dairy cattle. As for chickens, I'm sure if the farmer can sell the older hen for food, he will. Farming is tough enough. Wasting something that can be sold is not in their equations. Which is why so many in this area were deeply annoyed by the closing of a local horse slaughter house. Someone needs to tell all the horse owners around here what they should now do with their old horses. Somehow putting them to sleep and having them cremated seems ridiculous when people were willing to pay for the meat!
And for all the vegans, your food fields have to be fertilized. That "natural fertilizer" comes from cattle or hogs. Farmers don't keep those animals just to make manure!Link to this
I'm more concerned about destruction of the environment than lives ended. All life lives off previous life. Huge farms destroy vast areas of natural habitat and kill the oceans and rivers with chemicals. Grass fed beef is raised
much like grazing animals have lived for millions of years, with very little habitat destruction. Vegetables
and grains destroy more than properly raised beef.
More research into lab grown meat. It's the logical next step. For those who say "Eew", take a trip to the slaughter house some day.
Not only is it a better choice all around,if you want to eat meat sustainably while going easy on the environment.
Perfection of the process will have obvious applications in the biomedical field as well.
I do not eat meat for ethical reasons: it is very expensive.Link to this
on 2nd thought: does setting a farm and facilities takes lives from the enviroment?Link to this
Why are we so concerned with killing just animals? Plants strive to live to and demonstrate distress when damaged. Just because they do it chemically instead of sonically doesn't mean they don't scream. The human inability to detect these chemical distress calls indicate nothing but our own obtuseness. So, the only way to avoid causing suffering is commit suicide . . . painlessly, of course.Link to this
Since the number of deaths per calorie for chickens is almost 7 times that for eggs, this post in its title should have said "Give up chickens and eggs" instead of just saying "Give up eggs".Link to this
So you give up eating animal products. How many animal lives are lost through having never been born or do you think the farmers would continue to raise them?
When you go vegan, cry for the unborn.
First, Chickens are bred for different purposes. The chickens that are bred for providing us with eggs are physically quite different from the chickens bred for their meat. Layer chickens are not "repurposed" into meat for humans once their egg production has slowed down. These chickens are scrawny and don't have the quality of meat we are used to buying and eating.
Second, as for plants feeling pain: plants lack spinal columns, brains, and central nervous systems. From an evolutionary standpoint, pain serves the purpose of warning an organism so it can move away from a dangerous situation. Plants cannot respond to pain signals in such a way, so it makes no sense for them to have evolved this kind of feedback system.Link to this
Not true. I am not sympathetic to the battery hen industry but so called spent hens are processed for many products, including human & pet foods.
Trying to sway a debate by using misinformation is counterproductive.
it is one thing to talk about it and quite another to watch the reality of it:
ejwillingham : here is a comparison
to all: Killing another human person is, justly, seen as a most abhorrent moral transgression. Anyone the least bit worried that it might not be obviously justified to kill billions of non-human animal individuals on an industrial scale out to, out of moral precaution, go vegan until you have read up on enough the arguments in the animal ethical literature to be absolutely certain that such killing is justified. Your reading might of course also, like mine did, uncover convincing arguments for the conclusion that there is no justification.Link to this
When we eat meat, eggs and milk, we cause animals to suffer and die for our pleasure, as we do not need to eat animal products. That is a pretty selfish thing to do. Avoiding the animal products that cause the most suffering and death per pound/calorie (birds, eggs and fishes) is a very impactful step that current meat eaters can take to spare animals from suffering and death.Link to this
The author wrote: "So there's still a good case for choosing eggs over beef in the sense of minimizing your environmental impact, but that doesn't change the fact that you'd be making a tradeoff: killing more animals to hurt the environment less."
When it comes to eating animals there's always some sort of tradeoff. A better choice is to stop making tradeoffs and start acknowledging other options. Instead of eating eggs or beef, how about choosing beans, nuts, or seeds?
Instead of having to choose between animal welfare, the envrionment, or human health why not have it all by choosing vegan options?Link to this
Great Article, thanks!
A lot of commenters here seem to be under the impression that so-called humane eggs are a different case from what Julia describes here. They are not.
You're not doing some great service by buying eggs labeled "free-range", "organic", or whatever else they're calling them. If you've never visited the farm, you have no idea how they are being treated. Odds are it's extremely similar to the average operation, and not at all worth your extra money.
Even on the better farms, male chicks are killed no matter what in this industry. The ones used for breeding are actually a slightly different type of chicken. The hens are always killed extremely young.
If you really want to help, cut back on your egg consumption or give them up altogether.Link to this
Yes, "retired" layer hens can be used for low-quality meat and "byproducts," but you won't see that meat wrapped in plastic in the deli counter of the supermarket. Layers and broilers are not interchangeable.Link to this
Does this article make sense? Does eating the chicken's eggs kill the chicken? Wouldn't the chicken lay eggs even if we DIDN'T eat them? (Referring to free range birds, of course.)Link to this
Julia, in the podcast episode you and Massimo did on vegetarianism, I was most underwhelmed when you approached the question of whether or not animals should be exploited in the first place. It was brushed aside as if it were too baseless a question to hold any merit. From two thinker's willing to entertain most any though experiment, I was disappointed.
Rationally Speaking Podcast # 31
Julia: "…I don't have a problem with the actual killing of animal per se as long as it done as quickly and painlessly as possible, it's just the extended suffering over the course of their lives in the factory farm system I have a problem with."
Massimo: "I would agree, I tend to think that, I'm much less moved by the idea that, 'Well we're using our animals for our own purposes.' Yes we are. We've always done that and I don't actually see anything particularly… If you have a pet in some sense you use an animal for your own purposes."
Julia: "Yeah, I'm not moved by that argument either in fact that's one of the reasons why I hesitate to call myself a vegan because I think that's an argument many vegan make and I don't think it has much basis. I don't think the animals mind, it seems to be a clear case of anthropomorphism to me."
Non-exploitation isn't an merely an argument many vegans make. It is THE argument put forth by the Vegan Society UK, the creator of the term vegan in 1944.
"Ways of living that seek to exclude, as far as is possible and practical, all forms of exploitation of animals for food, clothing or any other purpose."
The utilitarian "reduce suffering" motif was popularized by Peter Singer in the 1970s, (and has a similarity with Buddhist principals as well) and while Singer advocates an animal-product free lifestyle, he does not advocate a vegan position in its stated sense. Reduced suffering is an easier sell by groups promoting animal welfare and vegetarian diets, everyone can "reduce suffering," with a change or two here without it seeming so threatening, so it's the more popular premise that is discussed. It's an incremental strategy to get people to think of issues and there is much debate in the vegan community whether this approach is best or if saying what you mean upfront is the way to go (it parallels the New Atheists versus Accommodationists debate in the skeptic community). "Reduced suffering" is vegan strategy, and sure, it's convinced quite a few people to adopt veganism, but "non-exploitation" is the core vegan argument. By the way, factory-farming as we conceive it was relatively new back then, so veganism can hardly be said to be a reaction to it, in Singer's time sure, and that added backdrop an imperative to his work.
The question of animal exploitation (including the human-animal) is the question veganism is largely asking. Even for a "non-killing" animal sourced food such as dairy or eggs, it immediately leads to many compromises and trade-offs, both for the well-being of the animals and of the ethics of the practitioners. Empathy is of course a part of it, but one doesn't need to be "moved" to weigh the negative outcomes of probabilities and statistics as you have done in this article. We can suggest that in theory, there is some animal husbandry ideal that we can achieve, but as is demonstrated in 99.9% in actual practice, exploiting animals "nicely" falls far short of ideals that most people hold in their minds. The normative animal exploitation ethic fails horribly at meeting its own expectation, it's propped up largely on romanticism.
One idea that you and Massimo rejected that I was very glad about was the notion that keeping animals on farms was a good onto itself by providing good, although short, lives for animals. We can't ignore the intention that a farmer is not raising animals out of charity for living things, but because he has intentions that serve his desires. In the case of subsistence survival it's understandable, for palette preference when alternatives exist in a world of plenty; it's not such a strong position. Vegans are often accused of wanting to segregate wild prey from predators in nature, but many don't hold such a view at all, it doesn't have much to do with humans not exploiting animals. It's the animal farmer who boosts, "Look at what better lives I give animals, they are safe from predation, given food and shelter and protected from the cruelties of nature!" Nature is what it is, but our human intentions and the stories we spin to rationalize actions can be scrutinized. Most importantly, our behaviors can be altered.
This isn't to say, "Since animal husbandry can't ever be perfect, it's wrong," it's more of recognizing that far more often than not it requires ethical trade-offs that depending on how one weighs things, can fall far short. If one feels entitled to exploiting animals by decree of God or Nature/Evolution (both fallacious arguments) then people find the compromises acceptable (or try not to think about it really). Perhaps they will say a prayer, or offer respect to the animals used, a nice thought, but fairly meaningless as far as actions are concerned. However, if one takes into consideration not just the lives of animals, but also how our exploitative behavior reflects on human character, then taking a non-exploitative attitude toward sentient life doesn't seem all that irrational. The details can get tricky, but that doesn't rule out the premise. It's possible to live as a vegan, this still isn't perfection, and most sensible vegans won't argue that it is — not by a long shot — but it makes a pretty good dent in a whole host of issues and it alleviates a lot of hand wringing.
Even something as seemingly innocuous seeming as keeping pets (Massimo's above example) leads to a multitude of operational issues. The intent is to have a happy family member, but the breeding of cats and dogs results in an overstock that needs to be liquidated to the tune of millions of animals every year. Then food is an issue, with finite resources, we are keeping an unnaturally large population of carnivorous animals and feeding them meat, an intensive nourishment to produce not to mention the trading of animals lives in order to pamper one in our home. I'm not advocating the (even more) contentious issues of ceasing pet ownership; I'm just pointing out the largely ignored issues inherent in the system. There are many other problem too, incidents of dog attacks toward humans, social friction when people keep unruly animals, owner neglect of pets, whole industries catering to needs of dogs and cats: toys, clothing, furniture, health care. We generate these dilemmas and for what? I grew up with pets, they are wonderful companions, but it certainly is possible to be content with the company of our own species. There are plenty of people who don't keep pets who lead fulfilling lives.
As for animals killed in the inevitable collateral damage caused by us in plant agriculture of just daily living, well, there's not much than can really be done about that other than attempt to minimize impact. It's not like the goal of plant agriculture is to destroy sentient life, it is to grow something to eat because we still have to eat, and not just survive; we should eat well and thrive. The pest control and inadvertent animal killing is an unfortunate but an unavoidable by product. Not that you made the claim (they reliably have been posted in the comments), but often "We can't avoid some killing of animals in one instance so this justifies killing animals in every instance," just doesn't fly as a rational position. "Where do we draw the line?" is a continuum fallacy. Drawing "the line" won't be perfect since there is no line as far as species and other concerns go, but we can we can reasonably expand our circle of moral empathy stating with complex vertebrates and working "down." Anyway, "the line," as draw now, is completely haphazard and is based more on (bad) assumptions than thoughtfulness. And of course, relying on livestock for food requires more plant agriculture to feed them, so the damage is compounded. As to the "free lunch" claims to grass fed animals, there is still plenty of collateral damage, land clearing, predator control, and hay production (it's a massive crop).
Julia, you have been eating like a vegan more or less for a while now, so I would think that you probably don't find it all that difficult, sure it can require some social negotiation at times, but the daily dietary practice isn't a big deal, certainly not in New York City, a place we both call home. I'm not the type to insist that people "go vegan," maybe it's because like my atheism, it's not so much that I have positive belief that it's "the truth," it's that I find the arguments used against both concepts either wanting because I value things a bit differently, or just plain awful. I really do appreciate when non-vegans can better understand a vegan perspective and not wave it away as unimportant or irrational even if they themselves aren't ready to follow through. While it would be wonderful if Richard Dawkins was vegan, it doesn't bother me that much. It's still meaningful to me that he is quite sympathetic and publically supportive of some of the ideas and motivations. What breaks my vegan heart is when otherwise rationally people that I respect, rely on a list of fallacies as evidence that veganism is bunk when they wouldn't dare use such poor argumentation for other topics. You and Massimo aren't in that category, but you didn't even give the question of exploitation much though and the implications are worth investigating.
Apologies for the length of this comment, it's been eating at me since I listened to podcast #31 months ago. I'm throwing some "hardcore" ideas at you, but you are more than capable of setting aside bias and approaching with honest inquiry. Thanks for you work and writings, and all the best on wherever your thinking may take you.Link to this
There is a long list of paradoxes and unconsidered complications and possibilities here. The lives per calorie idea equates a cow life with a quail life (by extrapolation). Is that reasonable? We'd have to talk about what life is to even begin to discuss that. How far does it go? If body mass is immaterial, then what quality determines lives worth saving vs. … not? What about those invertebrates? Bacteria? Do we only owe allegiance to animals in the classes Mammalia and Aves? Then why are we more likely to eat them than those in other classes whose deaths we care less about? (Reptilia, Amphibia, Insecta, Platyhelminthes (4 classes)…) The fact that we're likely to feel the most affection for animals in the same class as those we're most likely to kill and eat is strange, doncha think? And that we eat animals very closely related to those we're disgusted by the thought of eating? Does cuteness convey worth? Does homeothermia? What exactly is it that determines the worth of a life? Softness to touch? (fur or feathers that approximate human surface?) Then perhaps we could use the absence of feathers on vulture heads, breeding them to spread that quality to the whole body and then kill more of them without added moral penalty…
Backyard production can extend the life of a chicken, duck or other laying bird and produce far more eggs per bird lifetime. It can also use the inevitable male birds either as breeders or to replace some of the egg protein. Especially when used in a permaculture system where the birds forage a portion of (or after retirement, all) their food, homestead production can drastically reduce numbers of deaths of all species (except slugs and snails, maybe.) Geese are essentially vegans and can live and lay mostly on pasture, so in a forage system especially probably produce more death-efficient eggs than most domestic birds. While the most productive geese breed is exceptionally loud, quail could be kept even by most apartment-dwelling New Yorkers. But then you're dealing with more, though smaller, deaths per egg (5 Coturnix quail eggs = 1 chicken egg) and have to get into that again.
Alligator eggs produce only males when kept at over 89.6 degrees F, and only females at under 87.8, while some animals skew gender production under differently-colored lights. While I'm not suggesting backyard alligator egg farming, perhaps there are other animals… That would cut the deaths per kcal in half right off…Link to this
It's very interesting to be able to quantify the cost in animal suffering of our "omnivory," to quote another commentator.
However what I noticed when reading the comments below, is that no one is concerned about a basic human quality, that which makes us special (but not unique) in the animal kingdom: compassion.
How do we define ourselves? Top of the food chain? or following the Biblical direction to be stewards of the earth? or using everything around us for our own purposes? There are many ways to see and evaluate who we are.
My self description includes "Compassionate" with a capital C. This quality is not consistent with shrugging my shoulders and saying, "I have to eat, therefore others – animals, the oceans, the planet itself- must provide at any cost." We have no right to use our immense power to take what we want, at cost to others, human and non-human, even our own future generations. Other animals have an equal right to life. We have proven that our superiority as a species is not all we tell ourselves it is. Read the news any day of the week.
I look forward to a time when humans embrace their place in the world as it really should be, not what we have claimed by force.
We are more than knowledge and facts, discoveries and inventions. What sets us apart is our capacity to think and use reason, and be open to compassion, love and mercy. We must employ all these to act with righteousness in our lives.Link to this
Great points, Julia. I haven't had eggs (or meat or dairy products) for two decades and I don't miss them at all. It's much kinder, healthier, and "greener" to use vegan options like Ener-G Egg Replacer or tofu or bananas when baking. Scrambled tofu is a good breakfast option, too. There are lots of cooking tips and vegan recipes and product suggestions on http://www.PETA.org.Link to this
Anyone wanting to eat meat should kill the animal himself/herself. That way, the killing will be drastically reduced.Link to this
I have to wonder if the Author took the death of calves into account, for the making of hard cheese…http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RennetLink to this
Thank you for this wonderful, thoughtful article! It's Chicken Armageddon out there and few have any sensitivity for chickens' precious lives. I eat eggs now because I have chickens (both hens and roosters). I bought from a no-kill, genetic preservationist. He doesn't kill and I don't kill. The chickens have the run of the property and are kept safe from predators and are fed well. When I didn't have chickens, I didn't eat commercial eggs. Not only are commercial chickens raised in horrendous conditions and killed early in their young lives, but the eggs themselves are questionable nutritionally. My chickens turned me into a vegetarian, but I'd be a vegan if I could not keep them happy, healthy, and safe from harm. This is a challenging way to live, but it is wonderfully fulfilling and very sustainable. Again, thank you for your insights. I also want to say that the commenters to this article really make me feel good. So glad that so many people are really thinking about the lives of animals. But we have a long way to go before we get there.Link to this
My solution is to eat carnivores. My favorites are bluefish and lobsters. (Well lobsters do eat some veggies, not many, but they are also cannibals.) If you do not like seafood, try roadkill – like Chipmunk au Michelin. You try it; I won't.Link to this
[...] "Want to Kill Fewer Animals? Give Up Eggs" from Scientific American [...]Link to this
I thank you for this brave article, given that even the most intelligent of readers, often is going to put forth his/her best argument against the truths you have put forward. As a former animal-based product consumer, I had my delusions/arguments too, so empathy for those who wallow in out-dated, outmoded 10,000 yr history of food choices, albeit limited is there. I far more care that animals suffer horribly, there is no humane ways as all the "production" animals are taken early from mother, such as one day old calves to divert milk to human greed, may I say and female/male chickens typically having no life or lousy lives, we must make a change for the better to save them and ourselves. We know too much nowadays and have too many positive options. With global warming (read Long Shadow, by UN), our degrading healh and you just damn know you're harming/cruel to animals, time to go to plant-based products folks. Nowadays, with so much plant-based choices of food available, it is not a difficult thing and quite frankly your choices do impact me, the animals and future generations of humans, let alone Mother Earth.Link to this
[...] Give Up Eggs | Guest Blog, Scientific American Blog Network. Bewerten: Teilen:Like this:LikeSei der Erste, dem dieser post gefällt. [...]Link to this
[...] für sie sterben. Für diese Menschen wird dieser Artikel für ziemliche Ernüchterung sorgen: Das Magazin "Scientific American" hat eine "Lives-per-Calories"-Statistik aufgestellt, die errechnet, wie viele getötete Lebewesen hinter gewissen Kalorie-Werten von verschiedenen [...]Link to this
[...] für sie sterben. Für diese Menschen wird dieser Artikel für ziemliche Ernüchterung sorgen: Das Magazin "Scientific American" hat eine "Lives-per-Calories"-Statistik aufgestellt, die errechnet, wie viele getötete Lebewesen hinter gewissen Kalorie-Werten von verschiedenen [...]Link to this
found it a little alarming that this article does not explicitly advocate a vegan diet, but instead makes the point that one must choose some way of including animal products into their diet. the emotional and physical health experienced from a vegan diet far outweighs any argument for an omnivorous diet, to me. it is quite disgusting to me that the option is often not listed in articles and documentaries about our diets, our health, and the environment.Link to this
A lot of people are conflicted about eating vegan since they have looked a good research suggesting the health benefits of a low carb diet. I researched for a year and developed a vegan diet where I could eat very low carb. I wrote an E-book and lost 60 pounds in the process. There is no need to forgo eating vegetarian or vegan while eating very low carb.
Wait a second – so because of this article and because you shove some numbers at people, humans should give up eating eggs? The logic is missing in this article. If people would not waste or overeat we would probably consumer less overall. But no, instead people like this author must impress ideas on others so as to share their points of view instead of enlightening others with knowledge. Good job. I like how instead of allowing people to be able to protect and arm themselves with knowledge and self defense products and such (as we are legally allowed to do), rather you feed them horse manure and exploit ignorance. God bless America.Link to this
Thank you for this intelligent article. I learned things from it, as a vegan, which is continued enlightenment in my book.Link to this
This to me makes an excellent argument for the raising of ostriches over chickens. They're larger animals that would produce many more flesh-based calories, and they can produce about 100 eggs a year, so their much larger eggs would increase overall egg production. The egg product would probably just need to be sold as "ostrich Egg Beaters" in a pre-scrambled mix so they could be used at chicken egg ratios for recipes.Link to this
[...] meat: rich in saturated fat and carnatine. But, in terms of animal suffering per calorie, red meat pales in comparison with chicken, eggs, and fish (where the animals live in far worse conditions, and where [...]Link to this
[...] is obvious for meat, but it's also true for milk and eggs. Animals often suffer terribly as a result of overbreeding, from dreadful conditions on farms, [...]Link to this
[...] "Want to Kill Fewer Animals? Give Up Eggs" from Scientific American [...]Link to this
[...] is no way to buy animal products and avoid torture and exploitation. (No, not even in the organic egg and dairy [...]Link to this
[...] meat: rich in saturated fat and carnatine. But, in terms of animal suffering per calorie, red meat pales in comparison with chicken, eggs, and fish (where the animals live in far worse conditions, and where [...]Link to this
[...] ist offensichtlich für Fleisch, es gilt aber auch für Milch und Eier. Die Tiere leiden oft stark durch Überzüchtung, furchtbare Haltungsbedingungen während dem [...]Link to this
[...] Tieren (Rindern). Die Erzeugnisse kleinerer Tiere verursachen pro Kalorie sehr viel mehr Opfer. Hühnerfleisch führt die Opferstatistik an, gefolgt von Eiern. Olschewskis Blog wirbt für [...]Link to this
The information about the dairy industry is a bit misleading, and a gross underestimate.
Generally, in modern industry, a calf is killed every time a cow goes through a lactation cycle. In some cases female calves are retained and used for milk production, so at best every second calf would be killed (males) – although a rough estimate would place female retention at more like every ten or so.
We tend to milk cows for 3-5 years. Cows lactate/give birth ~ every 13 months, and assuming a cow produces 12600 lb milk annually (=3,528,000 calories/life annually by these calculations), that's one life per 3.5-7 mill calories milk (depending on cull rate for calves). And that's based on a milking life of 5 yrs, although these days it's often more like 3 yrs so the figure would be much less. Then you have to average the cow's life in these figures, too, as the article did.
So overall, the efficiency is still up to 7 x better than beef, but not as astounding as the article portrays.Link to this
[...] Let's say you think that a farm-raised pig's life is worth 20% of a human's, and eating 1,000 calories of pork destroys 1.2% of a pig's life. Assuming every bit of pork eaten contributes proportionally to an extra pig death, you should be [...]Link to this
[...] Let's say you think that a farm-raised pig's life is worth 20% of a human's, and eating 1,000 calories of pork destroys 1.2% of a pig's life. Assuming every bit of pork eaten contributes proportionally to an extra pig death, you should be [...]Link to this
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Jacquard's Silk Colors are dyes used primarily for direct application silk painting. The range consists of 20 intermixable colors, the essential rudiments for an infinite palette of vivid hues. Dilute with water for pastel colors.
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Sizes - 20 Colors
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8 fl oz/.24 L (Item JAC2)
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These modified reactive dyes are concentrated for economy, making them especially well-suited for professional artists and production studios. Red Label Silk Colors are ideal for traditional silk painting as well as for many specialty applications, such as discharge, chemical resist, printing and diffusion. Must be set with steam.
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|759 Black

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Spanish Moss and Buds
We are heading North today after an amazing, recuperative stay in South Carolina. Spring has arrived in full force; trees are budding out and the weather has been beautiful. / I got a ton of work done on the suitcase project while here. The American Society of Picture Professionals is featuring the project in a story in their next publication. They are the first to have focused on the preservation aspect of the materials since many of their members are curators. I am so happy to get this side of the story out. And I have sent six images to the Exploratorium that they will be using to produce postcards to sell in the museum store. Finally, today I got a nice email from Yvonne Boots-Faubert who looked at some of the fabric/sewing based contents of the cases and wrote a nice post on her blog. Check it out. I am so happy when people look at the photographs and are stimulated enough to get creative and apply it to their own interests. Thanks, as usual, to all of you who are following this site.
This year the crocus seems to have multiplied a bit. I am always amazed that these guys pop up through the pine needles, leaves, sticks and assorted detritus of Winter. / I haven't posted for a long time. (See previous post referring to the "posting/karma congestion ratio".) The end of the Winter has been difficult in some ways, and the bleakness of that season had carried on into Spring. Seeing these flowers come back year after year is a terrifically reassuring occurrence, and one that ushers in a more hopeful time.
Every April these crocuses (I looked up the plural) come out through a pile of pine needles and leaves just out the kitchen window. It seems so improbable that it could happen year after year. After a long winter of burning wood in the stove, and darkness and cold, how this happens is a wonder to me.


text:
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Bless this poor white woman's heart. She wants to know about "The Butters".
My friend sent me this video this morning and it was the very first piece of media I consumed for the day. I watched it from my phone before I even put my feet to the floor to shake the devil off. My initial reaction was just to laugh. I straight up giggled at this woman her insistence that we Black women tell her about "The Butters". She has discovered that there is more to the moisturizing game than those stank, mineral oils-posing-as-lotions at Bath & Body Works and she wants to be down. She wants to know how she can have The Glow too. You know, "The Glow"…how "Black don't crack". She wants to know how to keep her "mixed" son from being ashy. Yeah, she wants to be down. Am I surprised? No indeed. Are any of My Sistas surprised? Probably not. White women wanting to be down with our beauty secrets is by no means a new thing.
But as I giggled, I did not feel full-on amused by this White woman demanding that Black people tell her about our cultural secrets. Not that shea butter, cocoa butter, jojoba oil or anything else some big secret. People have been using those things for hair and skin care for centuries. They're out in nature. Black people don't hold the patent on any of it. We weren't "hiding" anything from you. Not at all, so why are you "pissed off"? This is just stuff we had access to and knowledge of how to use because it was a part of our culture.
Our culture. This is where the disconnect is, Ms. Heady1313. Follow me, ok? You want to get told? Here's me telling you:
As it is, we're just getting back into "The Butters" ourselves. There was this thing that happened a long time ago that kinda separated Black people from a large part of their culture. That separation caused a lack of access to the things we used to have and the ways we used to use them. It also caused us some confusion because some kinda way, we stopped believing in our own standards of beauty and started emulating another. Revering it, actually. Revering it to the point of mass collective psychological damage. So hundreds of years after that thing that happened and kicked up all that trouble, a bunch of us Black folks are FINALLY getting back to "The Butters". Now, if way back when, the White Folks had not come to see us on some conquer & destroy type missions and been on some friendly, diplomatic type stuff, ya'll would KNOW about "The Butters" because we would have shared the secrets. But no, ya'll came to see us with other things in mind, so we all lost out on "The Butters" for a very long time.
Side Note: Please don't make me explain what "That Thing That Happened A Long Time Ago" is to anybody.
You see, at this point we don't owe you, Ms. Heady 1313 or any other White person, anything. We don't owe it to you to sit you down and break down the brightness of our culture when you don't want to deal with the darker aspects of our intersecting beings. Quite frankly, we don't even have the time. Now, I know it is the neighborly and loving thing to do to share, but don't sit up in your privileged and DEMAND for us to "give it up". All things considered, that's going to leave a nasty taste in my mouth and make me more inclined to tell you to get The Glow, go get a tub of Crisco and rub that all over your skin. Just because I don't like the way you came at me. So chill, OK? Tuck in that privilege and come a little more humble than that. Again, we don't owe you our secrets.
By the way, you managed to have a biracial son but didn't learn any about any of "The Butters"? Oh. I guess his mama, sisters and girl cousins didn't really like you that much. Girl. You lost.


text:
Please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Luxury Italian Tours has a special week filled of tennis and tastings in Rome during the Italian Open. If you are not an enthusiast, there will be plenty to enjoy and savor in the Eternal City!
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You will enjoy a culinary walk around Rome with a notable food and wine contributor to over 40 magazines and taste the best prosciutto and pizza as well as learn how to make a great cappuccino. A professional chef will teach you how to make traditional Roman dishes. You will learn how to pair food and wine during an evening with a sommelier. The tour also includes a day excursion to Orvieto with a guided tour of this former Etruscan town and a visit to an enchanting vineyard.
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text:
|Lynde Point (Saybrook Inner), CT
Description: The quaint village of Old Saybrook is situated on the west side of the entrance to the Connecticut River. First settled in 1635, the town was incorporated in 1852. The mighty Connecticut River, the largest in New England, meets Long Island Sound at Old Saybrook, and by the beginning of the nineteenth century, ship traffic spawned by fishing and other industries into the harbor at Old Saybrook was considerable.
In 1802, the government paid $225 to William Lynde for land at the harbor entrance, and a year later the Lynde Point Lighthouse, a 35-foot wooden tower, was completed by New London carpenter Abisha Woodward at a cost of $2,200, a goodly sum for that time.
Lynde Point Lighthouse was designed to be a leading light for ships coming through Long Island Sound, as well as a marker for the entrance to the Connecticut River. Like other wooden lighthouses of the time, the Lynde Point Lighthouse was not tall enough to be seen effectively by ships and was the subject of much criticism by local sailors. Another problem was that evaporation from the nearby marshland created a local mist that obscured the light, even when the weather was clear out at sea.
In 1852, a fourth-order Fresnel lens replaced the antiquated lighting apparatus of ten lamps and reflectors. The power of the lighthouse was diminished in 1890 when a fifth-order lens, which remains atop the tower to this day, was installed.
Lawrence Gildersleeve, who was born in the lighthouse in 1906 while his father Elmer was keeper, recalled his childhood living in a lighthouse for a 1975 interview in the New Haven Register. To pass time, the family played cards, listened to the phonograph, or just watched the passing parade of ships. Gildersleeve did not recall ever feeling lonely there. Sometimes he was sent out the front door to catch some supper for the family, and usually within twenty minutes he would have some eels or flounder. Young Lawrence made friends with the families in the nearby village, and sometimes caddied on the local golf course.
Of course, lighthouse life was not for everyone. In an Associated Press article from the 1970s, the wife of one of the last keepers gave her differing opinion: Its so boring, theres nothing to do. Its a place to get fat, eat, and lie around and watch TV. Even my dogs gained weight.
Much to the chagrin of the Old Saybrook Historical Society, the Coast Guard demolished the attractive gothic revival gambrel-roofed keepers dwelling that dated to 1858 (shown in the historic photograph) and replaced it with a nondescript duplex.
The Lynde Point Lighthouse was automated in 1975, although it continues to be manned to prevent vandalism. The road to the lighthouse is not open to the public, unfortunately. The surrounding neighborhood is quite exclusive and counted the late Katherine Hepburn as one of its residents for many years.
Head Keepers: Philip Brumley (1803 - ),
Located at Lynde Point near the foot of the
Saybrook Breakwater along the western side
of the entrance to the Connecticut River. During the summer, Sunbeam Fleet offers trips that go by the Lynde Point Lighthouse.
The lighthouse is owned by the Coast Guard. Grounds/dwelling/tower closed.
During the summer, Sunbeam Fleet offers trips that go by the Lynde Point Lighthouse.
The lighthouse is owned by the Coast Guard. Grounds/dwelling/tower closed.
Notes from a friend:Kraig writes:
The Town of Old Saybrook and Lynde Point Lighthouse, which is known as Hell's Beacon, appear in the movie Predator Island. Interior and exterior shots of the lighthouse are used, and there is a good view of the lantern room and its Fresnel lens. Just because a movie has a lighthouse in it doesn't mean it is a good movie.
See our List of Lighthouses in Connecticut
Pictures on this page copyright Kraig Anderson, used by permission.


text:
Alan King
Head Cross Country & Distance Track Coach
Phone: 406.238.7371
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Coach Alan King is beginning his seventh year at the helm of Rocky Mountain College's cross country programs. This year will mark the fourth year of distance track at RMC. From it's inception, Coach King has been able to develop athletes to new heights which include 16 individual national qualifiers in cross country, two national qualifying relay teams in track, 19 national track qualifiers, 9 top-10 national track finishers, and 2 All-Americans.
Coach King graduated from Billings West High in 1999, and then ran in college at Dakota Wesleyan University, where he earned his bachelor's of arts in history education. King is currently pursuing his master of arts in kinesiology: physical education emphasis from Fresno Pacific University and will graduate in 2014. During King's college career he competed in several races ranging from the 800 meters to the marathon. Between cross country and track, King qualified for the NAIA national championships seven times and set several school records. He also earned Academic All-American honors. Coach King is USA Level II certified in distance and is actively involved in the local running community. King serves as the Vice President of the Yellowstone Rim Runners and is a member of the Parks Board. He also has an active role as a board member for the Montana Marathon and the Run Turkey Run.
Today King still competes at a national level and is considered an elite marathoner for the U.S. in the 1/2 marathon and marathon. King has competed as an elite athlete in the Miami Marathon, Chicago Marathon, California International Marathon, and the 2009 USA 1/2 Marathon Championships. His most notable performance was the 2007 California International Marathon, where he placed 9th overall. In 2013, Coach King competed in the Boston Marathon, where he placed 100th overall. He encourages all of his athletes to become lifelong runners as he trains with his athletes on a daily basis in their pursuits of improved performances.
King and his wife, Rebecca, have a five year old son, Hayden.


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What does CZ mean in Countries?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand CZ in the Regional field in general and in the Countries terminology in particular.
Find a translation for CZ in other languages:
Select another language:
What does CZ mean?
- Canal Zone.
Discuss this CZ abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"CZ." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 22 Dec. 2014. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/127810>.
CZ also stands for:
... and 22 more »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
Alternative search:
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text:
The Science of Immunisation: Questions and Answers, from the Australian Academy of Science26 November 2012
The Australian Academy of Science has science education as one of its main activities.
It has, today, published a booklet for parents on the science of immunisation. While the vast majority of Australian parents do the right thing and get their children vaccinated, there are still a few that do not. Some of these are nuts who still think vaccines cause autism; more generally, they believe that vaccines might be unsafe, or they had a previous child that had a reaction.
The Academy recognises that when they have the facts most people will do the right thing and take advantage of these medicines. Vaccines are overwhelmingly more safe than dangerous, and have eliminated many deadly diseases in only a couple of generations.
You can read more, and download the booklets in PDF form, from the Academy's website.


text:
Holland is Reclaimed from sea
General Information
- Type:
- Sightseeing
- Price from:
- 219 EUR /person
- Phone:
- +31[0]418633887
- Fax:
- +31[0]847314302
- Payment Types:
- Cash
- Credit Card
- Cheque
- Travellers cheque
- Paypal
- Wire Transfer
- Duration:
- 2 days
- Location Start:
- Amsterdam
- Location Finish:
- Enkhuizen
- Start time:
- 09.00 am
- End time:
- 07.00 pm
- We Speak:
- German, Spanish, English, (other languages on request), Dutch
Last updated: 04/17/2009
The Beemsterpolder has been reclaimed by windmills and steam machines from the sea. Hop on your bike to explore the coastline of the IJsselmeer & it's fishing villages.
Day 1
> Boat trip through the polders
> Bike ride passing old fishing villages
> Stay at cattle farmJust north outside Amsterdam we find ourself in the serenity of Waterland. This peat meadow area was to soggy for agriculture therefore the farmers are keeping stock. From the cow milk they make several typical dutch products like, cheese, yoghurt, buttermilk and custard. Farmers traded their goods with the Zuiderzee fishermen from Monnickendam, Volendam and Edam.
From a silent electrical boat we enjoy the natural sounds and widespread polder landscape. In Edam we stop for a short visit at fort âEdam' which is part of the Defense Line of Amsterdam, which was placed on the World Heritage List in 1996. This 135 km-long line of defense encircling the capital city was constructed between 1883 and 1920. The defense line could be operational within 48 hours by flooding the surrounding areas. Edam is a small town located at the IJsselmeer (former Zuiderzee) famous for the Edammer cheese a perfect place to have lunch.
We hop on bikes to explore the coastline of the IJsselmeer. The ferry takes us to the island of Marken which is now connected to the mainland by a dike. Polderland is not strong enough to support heavy brick houses, therefor you will see that most houses here are build out of wood in contrast to the most parts of the Netherlands.
The Beemster is the first so-called polder in the Netherlands that was reclaimed from a lake, the water being extracted out of the lake by windmills. The Beemster Polder was dried during the period 1609 through 1612. It has preserved intact its well-ordered landscape of fields, roads, canals, dikes and settlements, laid out in accordance with classical and Renaissance planning principles. Because of its historical relevance, and because the original structure of the area is still largely intact, the Beemster was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 1999. We visit the villages Graft and De Rijp in this area.
At a typical dutch farm we spent the night, what would be more appropriate in this cattle-area?
Day 2
> Antique auction building
> Visit farm of a cheesemaker
After a healthy fresh farm breakfast we leave to visit the windmills of the Schermerpolder. See for your own eyes how the windmills are able to drench a whole lake. Nearby we go to a cheese maker. Cows are kept here in a highly modernised and computerised stable. The milk is mainly used to produce several kinds of local cheese. After we see how the cheese is being produced we make a short stop in Alkmaar, which is well known for it's cheesemarket.
Now it's time we visit a unique auction building from 1912, build on the water, where we take place in the seats for auction. The goods pass by in small boats, you have to be quick. Are you able to get a good price for the potatoes? The engine whistles and the fireman puts coal onto the fire. Wooden partitions creak, wheels sing and steam hisses. You find yourself at the Steam Tram Museum receiving a most thrilling journeys through time. Enjoy the impressive collection of Dutch steam tram rolling stock, antique baggage, authentic signals and signaling devices.
We end this tour at the great divide from the IJsselmeer to the North Sea, the Afsluitdijk (Closure Dike). This major dike in the Netherlands, constructed between 1927 and 1933 and running from North Holland province, to the Friesland province, over a length of 32 km (20 miles) and a width of 90 m, at an initial height of 7.25 m above sea-level. It is a fundamental part of the larger Zuiderzee Works, damming off the Zuiderzee, a salt water inlet of the North Sea and turning it into the fresh water lake of the IJsselmeer.
Extra Information
- Inclusions -
- Accommodation
- Exclusions -
- Tips
- Extras -
- {italic}More travellers on a booking > lower price!{-italic}
Prices are per person, 2 days 1 night, all included.
Our Tours are easily extended with CityStays. Our tours start and end in the bigger cities, where there is lots to see and do. You can book a CityStay before or after your tour. We will arrange your hotel and give you inside information and tips about what to do and where to go. Explore the city at your own pace or maybe you would like to go shopping or enjoy the city hussle from a café.
Are you interrested in several routes? Not a problem, we also offer you a transfer service to take you from -for example- the end of tour A to the start of tour B. Or from the airport to your hotel.
{italic}Combinate{-italic}Are you interrested in several routes? Not a problem, just combinate your Tour with another Tour or Event. And add a CityStay in the city you like.
Couldn't find what you're looking for? Check out more tours & excursions in Amsterdam
1-day tours
- Tour Amsterdam - from 13.5 EUR
- Jewish Sights Tour of Amsterdam - from 235 EUR
- Amsterdam One Day Tour - from 335 EUR
- Amsterdam & Countryside Tour - from 299 EUR
- Amsterdam Visit Canal Houses and hidden gardens - from 15 EUR
Long tours
- Holland is Flowers & City Secrets - 2 days from 219 EUR
- Amsterdam & Bruges 3 Day Coach Tour - 3 days from 199 GBP
Email the tour operator - Holland is Reclaimed from sea
Important Notice : Avoiding Fraud
It's rare, but some helpful hints to watch out for with regards to fraud:
- It is important to NEVER wire funds or use/employ other fund transfer mechanisms such as western union: Always use a credit card to protect yourself against fraud. If owners pressure you into providing a deposit or refuse to accept credit cards, there is a high probability that this is a scam.
- If at all suspicious of fraud, ask to see their website, or any other literature they can provide or send to you. Ask them for contact details for guests who have previously stayed on their property insisting on telephone numbers. Be suspicious of emails that originate from free email services (yahoo, hotmail, gmail, etc)
- Research the property thoroughly on the internet to see if there is any history or mention of scams associated with the property.


text:
Santa Baby 2011
Sedusa Studios
1300 Dell AveCampbell, CA 95008
You can pay at the door, too! Mention
Bliss for $5.00 off at the door. $10 at
the door. All ticket proceeds goes to
One Warm Coat.
Looking forward to a lil holiday girl
I'm going to Santa Baby 2011! See
you there!
Can't wiat to see all my


text:
by Chuong Nguyen | August 17, 2010 12:51 AM
At the Adobe - Android event, Google and Adobe had announced that the Flash 10.1 plugin for the Google Nexus One has finally exited beta. Owners of the Nexus One, which has since been discontinued for consumer consumption, can head over to Android Market to download the plugin for their devices. It seems that if your Android 2.2 Froyo does not launch with Adobe Flash, you'll be able to download it from Android Market if your handset meets hardware specs. Another device getting Flash via this route would be the Motorola Droid, which is still getting its Android 2.2 Froyo update in small ...
by Chuong Nguyen | August 17, 2010 12:04 AM
Previously, Adobe had announced that an ARM Cortex A8 processor or better was required on smartphones to run Adobe Flash 10.1 on Google's Android operating system, but it seems that the requirements has just been lowered a bit to support devices running the less powerful ARM11 processors. This announcement comes from the Adobe - Android conference in San Francisco, California. Currently, devices supporting Flash 10.1 must have an upgrade path to Android 2.2 Froyo build. Those devices include the HTC EVO 4G, the Motorola Droid X, the Motorola Droid, the Droid 2, Galaxy S, Nexus One, HTC ...
by Chuong Nguyen | August 16, 2010 12:22 PM
Verizon Wireless is continuing to roll out its upgrade for the original Motorola Droid in batches. The upgrade will bring with it Android 2.2 Froyo, which will support Adobe Flash 10.1. According to Verizon PR, Flash 10.1 will be available later this summer from Android Market. The browser plugin will give the Droid a desktop-class browsing experience on Android's Webkit-based browser. The OTA firmware update for Motorola's Droid 1 will happen in batches so keep your eyes out for the update to hit your device. For now, interested users in Android 2.2 Froyo and Adobe Flash 10.1 can look to ...
by Chuong Nguyen | August 16, 2010 12:01 AM
We were in San Francisco earlier in the week and got a chance to see the Samsung Epic 4G, a dual-mode 3G/4G hybrid smartphone that runs Google's Android operating system. The Epic 4G is definitely the most unique Galaxy S smartphone model, outpacing its competitors like the Captivate on AT&T, Vibrant on T-Mobile, and Fascinate on Verizon Wireless. Unlike its close cousins, the Epic 4G has some unique features that make it stand out from the pack. First, it's the only 4G smartphone on the market from the Galaxy S family, running on Sprint's growing WiMax network. Additionally, speaking of ...
by Chuong Nguyen | August 13, 2010 7:11 PM
According to speculation, Verizon Wireless will be rolling out the Android 2.2 Froyo update to the HTC Droid Incredible beginning next week. The sources say that Verizon Wireless team members already have Froyo installed on their handsets, and that the rollout will begin in limited batches starting next week. If you're a lucky Droid Incredible owner and have managed to secure yourself HTC's AMOLED device in spite of the shortage, keep your eyes out next week for Froyo. Android 2.2 is expected to give the handset a number of improvements, including speed improvements and compatibility with ...
by Chuong Nguyen | August 12, 2010 1:24 PM
If you've signed up for the pre-sale opportunity of the Dell Streak through Dell.com, you should start seeing emails letting you know that you can pre-order your device starting today with two-day shipping and a coupon for a Plantronics headset for $0.99, which will be beneficial if you're trying to make a call so you don't have told a 5-inch slab to your face. The Streak should be widely available to everyone starting tomorrow, Friday, August 13th. Dell has confirmed that at this point retail availability for the Streak will be through Dell.com. Dell is exploring other retail channels, ...
by Chuong Nguyen | August 9, 2010 5:10 AM
Now that it's legitimate to jailbreak, at least by the US government though still not officially sanctioned by Apple, another good reason to proceed with the warranty-voiding process is to get a hacked version of Adobe Flash 10.1 working on the iPhone 4 and iPad. That version of Adobe Flash 10.1 Mobile was obtained from the Android platform and ported to work on iOS devices. Developers and hackers have gone ahead and created a tutorial on how to get it working over at Redmond Pie. To get started, however, you do need to jailbreak your iPhone 4 and download the Frash file. After you've done ...
by Chuong Nguyen | August 9, 2010 2:04 AM
The long awaited Motorola Droid 2, which had previously been spotted at a Best Buy, has emerged with pricing information from the electronics retailer. According to Best Buy, the second Droid iteration with the sliding keyboard form factor from Motorola will cost $199 for new contracts or eligible upgrades and $599 for commitmentphobes. Though August 12th has been a rumored date for sometime now, there has been no word yet from either Motorola or Verizon on when the Droid 2 will launch. The device is expected to launch with Android 2.2 Froyo out of the box on release. (via: Engadget)
by Chuong Nguyen | August 6, 2010 12:20 PM
For those who did not wait for Sprint to release the official Android 2.2 Froyo build and had to download the unofficial, non-final build of the Flash-supporting ROM from HTC's servers, there is a fix in tow for your HTC EVO 4G. However, the fix does require a full wipe of your device, but it should rectify any instabilities you have by installing the official version. This will require you to be tethered to a PC to install. The fix is available over at XDA-Developers and you can download the .EXE file from the links there. Directions are also given over at XDA. (via: Engadget)
by Chuong Nguyen | August 6, 2010 11:24 AM
On the Windows Phone 7 front, Microsoft says that there is no plan currently to bring HTML 5 support to Internet Explorer Mobile. The mobile browser, which has been re-written for the next-generation operating system, is based in large part off of the desktop editions of Internet Explorer 7 and 8; Internet Explorer 9 for Windows does support HTML 5. For some good news, Microsoft says that it is still partnering up with Adobe to bring the Flash browser plugin to Windows Phone 7 in about half a year or so. According to Microsoft Technology Evangelist Frank Prengel, the company is waiting on ...
by Chuong Nguyen | August 3, 2010 12:12 AM
After having announced that the HTC EVO 4G Android smartphone would get an update to Android 2.2 Froyo, Sprint customers are beginning to see Froyo updates available on their Android handsets by doing a manual check under their Settings menu. Sprint's probably waiting to see the results of the upgrade process for enthusiasts who are doing to gain speed improvements as well as run Adobe Flash 10.1 on their handsets before pushing the update out to the masses, which is probably a good idea considering the last OTA update was temporarily pulled due to some problems. If you can't wait, you can ...
by Chuong Nguyen | August 1, 2010 5:35 AM
On Friday, we got an email from Verizon Wireless saying that the carrier intends on pushing its Android 2.2 Froyo update to the Motorola Droid next week, so that means hopefully we'll see Froyo with Adobe Flash 10.1 running on Droids starting this week. Verizon's announcement comes just right after Sprint had announced that Android 2.2 will be hitting its HTC EVO 4G flagship phone beginning on August 3. (via: Verizon Wireless)
by Chuong Nguyen | July 30, 2010 1:09 AM
Sprint announced that it will be the first US carrier to launch Android 2.2 Froyo with an update scheduled for August 3 for the HTC EVO 4G. The EVO 4G was launched to great media buzz earlier this summer with HTC Sense and Android 2.1 on a spacious 4.3-inch LCD display. With Android 2.2, the EVO 4G will be capable of playing Adobe Flash 10.1 content and have a richer, more desktop-like browsing experience with that browser plugin, along with numerous speed improvements to enhance the user experience. OTA notifications will be pushed on August 3, but if you want Froyo early -- and opt to be ...
by Chuong Nguyen | July 29, 2010 5:24 AM
With early pictures leaking showing Android 2.2 Froyo on Verizon's flagship Motorola Droid X, and unconfirmed "news" that the upgrade should start hitting the Droid lineup (sans Droid Eris) beginning August 6, we have more images of Froyo smoothly running on the Droid X, giving veracity to the imminent OTA release. The new system information shows that indeed Android 2.2 is running on a Droid X and we see also Adobe Flash as well as a Flash game running in the background. (via: Droid-Life)
by Chuong Nguyen | July 26, 2010 3:51 PM
French owners of the Samsung Galaxy S will be able to get their Android 2.2 for their Super AMOLED smartphones come this September according to Samsung. Android 2.2 will bring a number of speed improvements to the Android operating system as well as support for Adobe's Flash 10.1 Mobile plug-in on Android's Webkit-based browser. Unlike the US variants of the Galaxy S--Sprint Epic 4G excluded--the international version of the Galaxy S supports a front-facing video camera, which would be good for some FlashTime video calls. (via: IntoMobile and Samsung Hub)
Posts tagged with: Adobe


text:
90.5 from Point Reyes Station and 89.9 from Bolinas. KWMR can be picked up as far south as coastal San Francisco and Pacifica, and as far north and northeast as Bodega Bay, Petaluma and western Santa Rosa.
If you subscribe to Horizon Cable's "West Marin" service in Point Reyes Station, Olema, Inverness Park, Inverness or Dillon Beach, you have two options for listening to KWMR:
• Tune your TV to channel 47
• Connect the Horizon cable directly to your FM radio
Receiving KWMR over the air or cable
KWMR listeners have lots of ways to hear the station! Check these options to see which one works best for you, or email us here for an Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) document that lists all of the ways you can listen to KWMR.
The crack KWMR Transmitter Department can help with advice for any of these options.
We even make house calls!
Marc Matheson (for Richard Dillman - Transmitter Wrangler)
KWMR - West Marin Community Radio
Phone 415-663-8068, extension 102 - or - email email@example.com


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Whoah, you're at our level cap. Good job, you rock! Here, have some cake.
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What if you click on "Continue" ?
If you didn't get a screenshot, I don't think so, unfortunately. If you ever have a problem with a badge, never refresh. :s
Originally posted by adv0catus:If you didn't get a screenshot, I don't think so, unfortunately. If you ever have a problem with a badge, never refresh. :s
Refreshing helps a lot of the time, especially on games with save states and where you can go back to the very end (usually it will jog the API into submitting something), but you're right that it's never good for games that just set you back to the start. Always take a screenshot first before refreshing regardless, so you have a back-up.
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James and Nathan Campbell settled in 1793 on a lot embraced in the well known Benjamin Stevens farm, and remained there, each in a log house, until 1793, when they sold to Benjamin Stevens and removed from town. Stevens came to Cornwall from Pittsford, Vt. He suffered a cruel imprisonment of three years' duration at Quebec during the War of the Revolution. He died June 16, 1815, aged fifty-three years. The site occupied by James Campbell was afterwards the house of Dr. Solomon Foot, father of Hon. Solomon Foot, and Dr. Jonathan Foot, a sketch of whose lives will be found in the chapters devoted to their respective professions.
Biographical Sketch of James Campbell
MLA Source Citation:Finished Round 1 Editing. Needs locations and topics in round 2. Needs index page AccessGenealogy.com. Web. 14 December 2014. http://www.accessgenealogy.com/vermont/biographical-sketch-of-james-campbell.htm - Last updated on Aug 30th, 2012
Categories: Vermont
Topics: Biography
Locations: Addison County VT, Cornwall Vermont
Surnames: Campbell
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Engineered for the Serious Outdoor Enthusiast & off Roader, the Take-Down Buck Saw is one of the most innovative collapsible saws to hit the market. Constructed from top quality materials, from the strong anodized aluminum frame to stainless steel parts throughout to ensures you are getting a high quality product with the durability to last a lifetime!
�Aluminum construction handle
�Swedish steel wood and bone blades included
�Quickly cuts through logs up 15" in diameter
�Saw collapses to a convenient 25" long x 1-1/4" diameter handle piece for easy storage and transport


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March 22, 2012
REC to Permanently Close Down Its Operations in Glomfjord, Norway
Renewable Energy Corporation ASA (REC) has decided to permanently close down its operations in Glomfjord, Norway continue reading »
Schott Solar PV Unveils High Efficiency Mono Module
Schott Perform Mono PV module is manufactured in Albuquerque, NM continue reading »
SolarWorld AG Increases Foreign Share in 2011
Surpassed €1 billion mark in revenues for third year in a row continue reading »
Dyesol Technology Drives Large Panel Development
Announces assembly of prototype DSC Solar panels, which represent the largest continuous substrate, single circuit series connected DSC device made to date continue reading »
Hirsch Identive Implements Physical Access Control System for Citizens Property Insurance
Emables staff to manage and monitor access control operations from a central station in each facility continue reading »
Enbridge Acquires 50MW Nevada Solar Project from First Solar
Marks entry of Enbridge into U.S. solar energy market continue reading »
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Standardized credential ensures consistency of permits issued across Colorado's 64 counties continue reading »
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You are here: Home → Forum Home → Wynton Marsalis Discussion → Wynton Marsalis Discussion → Thread
25 March 2004 03:10 AM
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Anybody know the set list from the house of tribes show?
and on another note…... Who sings "I Takes My Time"?
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