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Stalin & Hitler: Mass Murder by Starvation
When Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 (with Romanian, Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Finnish, and Spanish forces joining in), its armies first entered lands such as Lithuania that had just been incorporated into the Soviet Union. The German invasion force was divided into three Army Groups; Army Group North was to proceed through Lithuania and the Baltics to Leningrad. Here as elsewhere German propagandists sought to exploit and channel the national anger and shame that arose from the experience of Soviet occupation. The fundamental Nazi message was that Bolshevism was Jewish and that Jews were Bolsheviks, and thus the Soviet occupation of Lithuania was the fault of the Jews.
As Christoph Dieckmann describes German strategy in the first volume of his deeply researched new book, Deutsche Besatzungspolitik in Litauen 1941–1944 (German Occupation Policies in Lithuania, 1941–1944), this message was transmitted with help from Lithuanian political refugees in Berlin, far-right politicians who had been selected by the Nazis for their usefulness, and who hoped themselves to use the Nazis to gain the independence of their country. Though these men had some support at home, they had not governed Lithuania between the wars. Lithuania had been a far-right dictatorship, but it had not tolerated anti-Semitism. Its president, Antanas Smetona, gave a number of speeches opposing Nazi-style racism, and one of his chief advisers warned of extermination by gas as its logical consequence.2 This was the Lithuanian government that had been destroyed by Soviet occupation.
By equating Soviet rule with alleged domination by Lithuania's two hundred thousand Jews, the Nazis exploited the emotions engendered by the loss of independence and Soviet repression. If the Jews were to blame, the Lithuanians could forget both that they had not resisted the Soviets and that some had indeed served in the new Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Germans offered Lithuanians superficial privileges—uniforms, weapons, ranks—in a political undertaking that was disguised as liberation.
From the perspective of Berlin's propaganda, as Dieckmann shows, the timing of the second occupation of Lithuania could hardly have been better. The major Soviet deportation of Lithuanian citizens was underway just as German forces arrived. The retreating Soviet NKVD killed hundreds of political prisoners and left their corpses behind. The German security police organized their own pogroms against Jews, although, as Dieckmann demonstrates, this did not work as efficiently as they had hoped. What did work was the recruitment of local people (most of them Lithuanians, but also some Poles and Russians) into police detachments assigned to shoot Lithuanian Jews.
This was not yet a Holocaust. By the end of July 1941, when the Germans dismissed the Lithuanian provisional government, the German Einsatzgruppen—death squads—and other forces had, with much local help, shot some 20,000 Jews. This was the result of a program of terror conceived to secure Nazi power; it was not the result of an order for total extermination. Jews who were shot were generally men of fighting age, who were seen, following Nazi anti-Semitic reasoning, as likely Communist activists or future partisans.
By August 1941 it was clear that the initial invasion plan had not worked. Although the German advance was rapid, the Soviet Union had not collapsed. Leningrad had not fallen to Army Group North. In late September, Army Group North undertook a siege of the city by means of starvation. This deadly enterprise, the subject of Leningrad: The Epic Siege of World War II, 1941–1944, Anna Reid's remarkably detailed history, reflected not the success but the failure of the German attack.3 A siege meant a long war and rising concerns over food supplies. Germany was never self-sufficient in food, and German civilians were not to suffer from a war that was supposed to bring them plenty. The Wehrmacht had to live off the land; Army Group North was to be fed from the Lithuanian countryside. But a long war also meant that Germans had to coexist with at least some of the local peoples. So long as Lithuania was feeding German soldiers at the front, Lithuanian farmers could not be deported, killed, or starved. The solution was to starve the Soviet enemy at the front and the Jewish enemy in the rear. Leningrad was besieged and Jews were given food insufficient to support life.4
Nazi leaders could not of course admit that they were losing. Yet their basic plans had changed. Rather than a quick war to be followed by a removal of Jews over the years, they now faced a long war during which they organized the rapid mass murder of Jews. Confronted by the reality of Soviet resistance, Hitler had decided in September 1941 to place his hopes on a renewed drive to Moscow. In a secondary offensive, code-named Operation Typhoon, Army Group Center raced through Soviet Belarus and into Soviet Russia in October 1941. As Reid observes, giving priority to the conquest of Moscow meant that the siege of Leningrad would continue. Jews were killed in Belarus in the rear of Army Group Center as the offensive was prepared, and then more were killed as the offensive failed. Army Group Center was turned back west of Moscow in December 1941, just as the United States entered the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. By the end of 1941 the Germans, with local help, had murdered most of the Jews of Lithuania. Mass murder by mass shooting had become the version of the Final Solution that could be implemented—a Holocaust.
Hitler's war had not destroyed "Jewish" finance capitalism but brought the US and the UK together. It had not destroyed the "Jewish" USSR; it had instead roused Soviet resistance and created an improbable but unstoppable alliance between Communists and capitalists. It had not destroyed Europe's Jews; but it had brought most of them under German power. As of the end of 1941, the Eastern European homeland of Jews was largely under the rule of a single state for the first time since the destruction of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the eighteenth century, and that state was Nazi Germany. Hitler made it clear that Jews would have to pay the price for a defeat that could not be named. The local stereotypes of the Jew as parasite and partisan, already linked with the regional stereotype of Jews as supporters of the Soviet system, now merged with the global stereotype of the Jew as the source of all of Germany's woes. The threat of extermination implicit in global Nazi anti-Semitism could be realized to a great extent in Eastern Europe, since this was where most of the Jews lived, and this was where Germany ruled.
In autumn 1941 the Final Solution was accelerated, but Nazi ideas of colonization were delayed. Hitler had no realistic plan for the creation of his empire of race; Stalin had no realistic plan for the defense of his empire of class. Reid finds in the USSR a "lethal mixture of denial, disorganization and carelessness of human life." Stalin had believed that the Germans would eventually invade, but he ignored overwhelming evidence that the invasion was coming in June 1941. Soviet authorities failed to stockpile food in cities and failed to arrange timely evacuations. When evacuation did begin, the columns were often sent straight into the German lines. Soviet terror itself went on unhindered as the German siege of Leningrad began; the NKVD continued to fulfill quotas and make arrests. One Leningrader remembered the victims awaiting deportation as "old women in old-fashioned capes and worn-out velvet coats."
Over the long siege of Leningrad, from 1941 through 1944, some 750,000 people (according to Reid) would die. Of these, most—about half a million—died in the winter of 1941. The diaries that they have left behind have made it possible for Reid to create a remarkable portrait of mass death by a German policy of deliberate starvation. She is respectful of the contemporary writings that made her book possible, and graceful in her translations. We come to understand the daily predicaments of people in Leningrad. Leaving a shop after obtaining rationed food, they feared muggings but they were also desperate for company, for stories. Hiding as much as possible in their apartments, Leningraders only came to understand the general scale of the horror when a family member died and they tried to make funeral arrangements, which involved finding wrapping for bodies and obtaining sleds. Those who survived usually had help, friends, and self-discipline.
With the possible exception of the Warsaw ghetto at exactly this same time, there has probably been no comparable combination of malnutrition and eloquence. As in Warsaw, where Jews still lived and worked in a ghetto in 1941, even while most Lithuanian Jews were shot, the people in Leningrad who were most vulnerable were those who came from the countryside. In Warsaw these were Jews deported from small towns to the ghetto; in Leningrad, as Reid shows, they were male boarding school students, some of whom resorted to murder and cannibalism.
Unlike the Jews of Warsaw, however, Leningraders as Soviet citizens could draw on their own extensive past experience of the terror of hunger. They recalled the peasants of 1933, who, as one of them put it, had been "exterminated like cockroaches." They could not fail to notice the similarity between a besieged Soviet city and the hungry Soviet Gulag. The first Leningraders to die were those who had just returned, still emaciated, from the Soviet concentration camps. The local rationing system imitated that of the Gulag: the strong were fed enough to work; the weak were given less and less.
The one fate that Leningraders were spared was that of collaboration with Nazi Germany. Dieckmann's book describes the collaboration of Lithuanian citizens first with Soviet and then with German occupiers. He writes with extraordinary understanding and enviable expertise, and his account should become a guide for all those who are honestly concerned with the historical truth of the vexed question of collaboration. There were enough Lithuanians (and other inhabitants of Lithuania, including Russians and Poles) willing to carry out the shooting of Jews; horrible enough in and of itself, this pattern of killing became a model for the Holocaust. About half of the victims of the Holocaust were shot.
But direct collaboration in the German policy of murdering Jews was not limited to states such as Lithuania that had been destroyed by the USSR. It prevailed wherever the power of the state had been removed. Pre-war Soviet citizens, Russians and many others, also collaborated wherever German power extended. The death rates of Jews were about the same on both sides of the pre-war Soviet border. Local Russians collaborated in the Holocaust on the outskirts of Leningrad, turning in Jews, as Reid shows, for the same reasons they had denounced members of other ethnic minorities during the Great Terror a few years before: to take over their apartments for themselves.
2 See Antony Polonsky, The Jews in Poland and Russia, Vol. 3: 1914–2008 (Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2012), pp. 211–237. ↩
3 For sociological detail on the experience of the siege, see John Barber and Andrei Dzeniskevich, Life and Death in Besieged Leningrad, 1941–1944 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). The one book that unifies German and Soviet perspectives is Jörg Ganzenmüller, Das belagerte Leningrad (Paderborn: Schöningh, 2005). ↩
4 The connections between demand for food and war aims and crimes is a major subject of Lizzie Collingham, The Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (Penguin, 2012). ↩
See Antony Polonsky, The Jews in Poland and Russia, Vol. 3: 1914–2008 (Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2012), pp. 211–237. ↩
For sociological detail on the experience of the siege, see John Barber and Andrei Dzeniskevich, Life and Death in Besieged Leningrad, 1941–1944 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). The one book that unifies German and Soviet perspectives is Jörg Ganzenmüller, Das belagerte Leningrad (Paderborn: Schöningh, 2005). ↩
The connections between demand for food and war aims and crimes is a major subject of Lizzie Collingham, The Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (Penguin, 2012). ↩


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Search GeiselCat
Use this box to search the Geisel Library catalog for books and other materials in the library collection.
Pete Seeger, 1919-2014
Folk singer icon Pete Seeger died January 27 at the age of 94. He began his career at the age of 20, and continued right up to his final months, participating in the Occupy Wall Street movement in 2012. During his long life, he championed Civil Rights, the abolition of the death penalty, the peace movement, and was even blacklisted by Congress in the 50's for being a Communist.
Some of his best known recordings include:
"Where Have All the Flowers Gone"
"We Shall Overcome"
"If I Had a Hammer"
"Turn, Turn, Turn"
"Waist Deep in the Deep Muddy."
YouTube: Seeger with Arlo Guthrie: Where Have All the Flowers Gone
90th Birthday Tribute Concert with Bruce Springsteen, Joan Baez and others
Starting Points
this is the most comprehensive scholarly resource on music in English.
The articles about composers have complete lists of works and extensive biographies.
There are also entries about genres, terms, instruments, and non-western music. 29 volumes
The articles of the dictionary range from small definitions of dance styles and musical terms to mid-length biographies of important performers, composers and music patrons, to longer examinations of larger subjects such as the history of jazz, musical instruments, music education in the United States, and the American history of the orchestra.
The dictionary's articles are supplemented by over 400 images and 140 musical examples and other materials. An abbreviations list, list of contributors, and tips on the use of the dictionary make navigation easy.

subset: commoncrawl


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Recall that as the screams of gate-raped victims have echoed throughout the country these last years, Our craven Rulers have helplessly wrung their hands at our pain. They've held hearing after hearing to determine what's wrong with the TSA (yeah, hard to figure that out, what with all those headlines about strip-searched grannies and survivors of cancer pickled in their own urine); they've prattled about reform; they've introduced bills to secure passengers' rights (as if the Constitution never prohibits the Feds from preying on such citizens in the first place).
And yet the TSA's deviants merrily continue groping us.
Now, a mere three or four months after the agency's chief thug, John "The Pervert" Pistole, proposed permitting the serfs to carry pocketknives aboard planes, those same legislators vigorously and efficaciously oppose his whim. One hundred and forty-five of these worthless leeches galvanized themselves to sign a petition, ordering The Perv to continue stealing our knives at the checkpoints; not a single one of them ever cared enough to sign, much less initiate, such a document against sexually assaulting the serfs. (Hmmm. Consider the Constitutional crisis when Congress must beseech a bureaucracy to redress its grievance.) No less than four of these elected criminals have introduced a bill to outlaw The Perv's measure.
What made the difference? Read the unions' glowing defense of one obedient Congressional dimwit. For reasons I haven't fathomed, the unions cursing aviation adamantly oppose allowing knives on planes. And when bought-and-paid-for lackeys like Markey face a challenge for office, the unions reward them.
So long as the serfs have only the Constitution rather than a union with millions of dollars at its disposal protecting them, the TSA will blithely paw us.5:56 am on May 24, 2013 Email Becky Akers


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Two and a Half Men Review: Nice to Meet You, Walden Schmidtby Eric Hochberger at . Comments
On what was likely the most-watched episode of Two and a Half Men in history, people tuned in to the season nine premiere for one reason: to meet Ashton Kutcher's Walden Schmidt.
But before we even get there, I want to discuss the star-studded opening, starting with the ex-girlfriend ladden funeral.
From old flames such as Courtney (Jenny McCarthy) and Mia to more recent women like Chelsea and even her friend, Sherri (Jeri Ryan), thy were all there. It was vintage Two and a Half Men humor, right on down to Evelyn trying to sell the house at the funeral.
Back at the house during the second act, we still had the entire supporting cast, including Berta and Evelyn and going right on down to Judith and Herb. And that's before the celebrity buyers came in.
These were quick and cute, from John Stamos and his devil's threesome to a modern day Dharma and Greg talking divorce. The latter was an adorable nod to Lorre's past sitcom and it put a smile on my face.
Really, the show seemed like Jon Cryer and the rest of his supporting cast could have carried things without Sheen. But Chuck Lorre and company, or more likely executives at CBS, did not have faith in their existing cast, so they had to bring on the gimmick that was Mr. Ashton Kutcher.
Enter Walden Schmdt and his hung-like-a-horse tall, good-looking, rich and supposedly smart self. So, was it "Nice to Meet You, Walden Schmidt?"
Clearly, the shows tried to build Walden in with some sympathy by introducing him as a shell of a man after his wife left him. And all it was going to take was a threesome to bring our man back and we would all be built up with him, right?
Well, unfortunately between Kutcher's terrible acting and a horribly written character, it all just felt awkward. Was Walden supposed to be bright like his character and wealth indicated? Because all I saw was the trait that has permeated every character Kutcher has ever played: stupidity. However, unlike his lovable, iconic Kelso, there wasn't even charm. There was just... dumb luck.
I'm giving the show an appropriate 2.5 stars. Not just because of the title, but because it was pretty much half of our maximum rating. But then there had to be a second half.
Obviously, like everyone else, I'll probably give it one more week. Past that, though? 2 Broke Girls seems like much better sitcom filler to me.
Eric Hochberger is the programmer of TV Fanatic, so please forgive his mediocre writing. His programming is far better. Follow him on Twitter and/or email him. Just don't request threaded comments. They're coming.Tags: Two and a Half Men, Reviews
Save yourselves from further embarrassment and cancel the show (the show is now akin to listening to Whitney Houston in her brilliant heyday, and listening to her (and looking at her) in 2012...yikes; God Rest her soul); the show is truly horrific now and is only getting worse with each and every episode. To use the old expression, "You need to know when to hold 'em and when to fold 'em." BRING BACK CHARLIE SHEEN OR CANCEL THE SHOW, PLEASE!!!!
For CBS to actually lose Sheen and stand behind Lorre was clearly a huge mistake! The network allowed Lorre's ego to rule over common sense. They took the number one show on TV, substituted its main character, and now, simply stated, the show no longer works! It's not funny, Kutcher is out of place no matter how hard they try to write a funny script, and the show is spiraling downward uncontrollably. I believe THE SHOW WILL ULTIMATELY BE CANCELLED. Lorre & CBS could potentially save the show by admitting they never should have let Sheen go; Charlie could simply have returned once clean & sober, which now he appears to be. So Lorre needs to take one for the team, say a prayer to God that God lessens Lorre's obviously, overly prideful self, and extend an olive branch to Sheen, and let's get this show moving forward, once again; I for one would be greatly appreciative.BRING BACK CHARLIE SHEEN OR CANCEL THE SHOW, PLEASE!!!!
This past episode around 'blowing chunks'.....really / I'm dun....
Omg......Ashton Kutcher can't possibly get any cornnier!!!! He truly sucks. Simply said.
Last nights episode with all the vomitting was utterly disgusting. I turned it off and watched HGTV. The complete season is a disastor, the show may as well be taken off the air right now, please do not continue to show this garbage on prime time tv.
Jakes character is really terrible and Alan and his girlfriend is gross.
Ashton Kutcher is so funny, Charlie became really boring repeating the same things over and over, good luck Ashton hope to see lots more from you.
I think it's really sad the show only lasted 8 seasons. Seeing season 9 doesn't count. Bring back Charlie and maybe people will start watching again.
2 and a Half Men definitely is no longer any good ever since Charlie Sheen left it. It really does suck and I too stopped after the second show with Ashton because it is just so impossibly bad. Come back Charlie!
The ratings f two and a half men has dropped since kutcher appeared on the show however chuck lore is one of the greatest writers of all time he could make up a storyline for his return. Surely there is a way that cast could come to some agreement to bring Charlie Sheen back into the show
The ratings f two and a half men has dropped since kutcher appeared on the show however chu


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Training Center
The Training Center is a 13,000 square foot conference center available to the district and community for educational and professional development classes and meetings. The state-of-the-art technology, user-friendly conference rooms and meeting services create an outstanding environment for small to mid-size groups.The Training Center rooms are equipped with state of the art multimedia data projectors mounted in the ceiling, and power and data ports. We offer video/teleconferencing and video/audio taping. The center is equipped with wireless internet throughout. Room capacities range from 15 to 125; room setup styles will vary those numbers.
We provide space professional training, development, educational events, and special events. Training Center rooms must be reserved in advance. Additionally:
Full-time police and security are on-site.
There is ample lighted and patrolled free parking.
We offer a smoke free environment with two designated smoking areas.
We can make catering arrangements, and supply drinks and refreshments upon request.
Copying, faxing, and printing are available on site in only B&W.
Maximum seating 125
Completely automated room
State of the art technology
Tiered panel seating with microphones and computers
Speaker podium with microphone and computer
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Maximum seating 15
Relaxed seating
30 long white board
ITV Room
Maximum seating 16
State of the art technology
Two 61 plasma projection screens
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Power and data ports at each seat
Interactive video conference ready
Audio conference ready
Ergonomic rolling chairs
Maximum seating 75
Tiled floor
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75% windows
Multiple power and data ports
Excellent for receptions or displays before meetings
Computer Labs
Maximum seating 30
State of the art Pentium 4 computers
Flat panel monitors
Networked laser jet printers
Dual projection capabilities
Classroom style seating
Executive Conference Room
Maximum seating 12
Wood conference table
Wood accents
State of the art technology
Table multimedia ports
High back ergonomic rolling chairs
Multipurpose Meeting Rooms
Maximum seating from 25-80
State of the art technology
Multiple power and data ports
Dual projection capabilities
Contact: John W. Golden, Jr.
Phone: 832.813.6711


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HOME NFL New England Patriots Gear New England Patriots Mens New England Patriots Mens Home Office & School $20 to $40 (1 items) Product ID: 1065800
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ACP-ASIM Pressroom
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE UNTIL 5 P.M., EDT, MONDAY, APRIL 19, 1999 CONTACT: Susan Anderson, 215-351-2653 or 800-523-1546, ext. 2653
Philadelphia Physicians Look at Universal Access to Health Care
PHILADELPHIA—(April 20, 1999) Two pieces in the April 20, 1999, Annals of Internal Medicine focus on the status of access to health care in the U.S.
"Good clinically managed care can improve health for years to come," says Donald W. Light, PhD, in a perspective piece, "Good Managed Care Needs Universal Health Insurance." But good managed care requires four elements of stability, most importantly "coverage that does not change or evaporate."
"Pernicious managed care" saves money by limiting access to specialists, tests and procedures; underpaying providers or rewarding them for doing less; stalling or refusing to pay bills for services, and discouraging patients with serious medical problems. These tactics grow out of unstable, risk-rated and changing coverage, Light says.
The author, a senior faculty fellow at the Center for Bio-ethics at the University of Pennsylvania Health System in Philadelphia, contrasts trends in U.S. health care costs and coverage with other industrialized nations. Patching up the current U.S. voluntary insurance system with patients' bills of rights or niche coverage for special groups will increase overall cost and further cut coverage, Light says. A universal system need not have to have a "single payer"; many countries use more than one insurance pool or company and even private practitioners. But "a universal system is critical to large-scale savings."
Two other physicians pose a solution to the problems of the current U.S. health care system: a Constitutional amendment guaranteeing equal access to basic and essential health care.
Authors Frank Davidoff, MD, editor of Annals of Internal Medicine, and Robert D. Reinecke, MD, Professor of Ophthalmology at Jefferson Medical College, note that Americans have a Constitutional right to assistance of legal counsel but not to assistance of medical practitioners. They say that a Constitutional amendment would necessitate that all with a stake in U.S. health care agree on the meaning of basic and essential health care and then determine how to make that level of care accessible to everyone.
Drs. Davidoff and Reinecke note that the proposed amendment doesn't say how a system of equal access would be organized and financed although the federal government need not be directly involved in providing health care. The government does not provide rides to the polls although the right to vote is guaranteed by the Constitution.
The editorial writers don't believe it would be easy to pass such an amendment, but they feel the debate might highlight the fact that the U.S. already rations health care arbitrarily and capriciously. "There has to be a better way," the doctors say.
# # #
For a copy of the article, "Good Managed Care Needs Universal Health Insurance," (p. 685) and the editorial, "The 28th Amendment," (p. 692) in the April 20, 1999, issue of Annals of Internal Medicine, please call (215) 351-2653 or (800) 523-1546, ext. 2653. Full text will be available on Tuesday, April 20, 1999, on Internet at http://www.acponline.org.
To reach Dr. Light, please call Rosann Thompson, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Office of Public Affairs (215) 662-2560.
To reach Dr. Davidoff, please call the ACP-ASIM Communications Dept. (215) 351-2653 or (800) 523-1546, ext. 2653.
To reach Dr. Reinecke (pronounced RINE-ick) please call (215) 928-3149.


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Swamp Thing
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2011)
|Swamp Thing
Cover for Swamp Thing #1 (October–November 1972). Art by Bernie Wrightson.
|Publication information
|DC Comics
|First appearance
(Alex Olsen)
Swamp Thing #1 (October–November 1972)
(Albert Höllerer)
Swamp Thing Vol. 2 #47
(May 1986)
(Tefé Holland)
Swamp Thing Vol. 2 #65 (1987)
(Allan Hallman)
Swamp Thing Vol. 2 #102 (December 1990)
(Aaron Hayley)
Swamp Thing: Roots (1998)
|Created by
|Len Wein
Bernie Wrightson
|In-story information
|Alter ego
|Team affiliations
|Parliament of Trees
White Lantern Corps
Justice League Dark
|John Constantine
Animal Man
|Superhuman strength and durability
Telepathic dominion over plant life
Vegetation body granted shapeshifting and hyperelasticity
Able to create new bodies out of plants
|Swamp Thing
|Series publication information
|(vol. 1): Bi-Monthly
(vol. 2-5): Monthly
|Ongoing series
|Publication date
|(vol. 1)
October–November 1972 – August–September 1976
(Saga of the...)
May 1982 – July 1985
(vol. 2)
August 1985 – October 1996
(vol. 3)
May 2000 – December 2001
(vol. 4)
May 2004 – September 2006
(vol. 5)
September 2011 – Present
|Number of issues
|(vol. 1): 24
(Saga of the...): 38 plus 1 Annual
(vol. 2): 133 plus 6 Annuals
(vol. 3): 20
(vol. 4): 29
(vol. 5): 37 (#1-35 plus issues numbered 0 and 23.1), a Swamp Thing: Futures End one-shot, and 3 Annuals (as of December 2014 cover date)
|Creative team
|(vol. 1)
Len Wein, David Michelinie
(Saga of the...)
Martin Pasko, Alan Moore
(vol. 2)
Alan Moore, Rick Veitch, Doug Wheeler, Nancy A. Collins, Mark Millar
(vol. 3)
Brian K. Vaughan
(vol. 4)
Andy Diggle, Joshua Dysart
(vol. 5)
Scott Snyder, Charles Soule
|(vol. 1)
Bernie Wrightson, Nestor Redondo
(Saga of the...)
Tom Yeates, Fred Carrillo, Bo Hampton, Stephen Bissette
(vol. 2)
Stephen Bissette, Stan Woch, Rick Veitch, Tom Mandrake, Pat Broderick, Mike Hoffman, Scot Eaton, Phil Hester
(vol. 3)
Roger Petersen, Giuseppe Camuncoli
(vol. 4)
Enrique Breccia, Richard Corben
(vol. 5)
Yanick Paquette, Jesus Saiz
|(Saga of the...)
John Totleben
(vol. 2)
John Totleben, Alfredo Alcala, Kim DeMulder
|(Saga of the..., vol. 2)
Tatjana Wood
(vol. 3)
Alex Sinclair
Swamp Thing is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe. He is a humanoid/plant elemental creature, created by writer Len Wein and artist Berni Wrightson. Swamp Thing has had several humanoid or monster incarnations in various different story lines. He first appeared in House of Secrets #92 (July 1971) in a stand-alone horror story set in the early 20th century.[1] The character then returned in a solo series, set in the contemporary world and in the general DC continuity.[2] The character is a humanoid mass of vegetable matter who fights to protect his swamp home, the environment in general, and humanity from various supernatural or terrorist threats.
The character found perhaps his greatest popularity during the 1980s and early 1990s. Outside of an extensive comic book history, Swamp Thing has inspired two theatrical films, a live-action television series, and a five-part animated series, among other media.
- 1 Concept and creation
- 2 Fictional character biography
- 3 Publication history
- 4 Powers and abilities
- 5 Other versions
- 6 Other media
- 7 Awards
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Concept and creation[edit]
Len Wein came up with the idea for the character while riding a subway in Queens. He later recalled, "I didn't have a title for it, so I kept referring to it as 'that swamp thing I'm working on.' And that's how it got its name!"[3] Berni Wrightson designed the character's visual image, using a rough sketch by Wein as a guideline.[3]
Fictional character biography[edit]
The Swamp Thing character first appeared in House of Secrets #92 (June–July 1971), under the name Alex Olsen. The comic is set in the early 20th century, when Olsen, a scientist, is caught in a lab explosion caused by his co-worker, Damian Ridge, who intended to kill him to gain the hand of Olsen's wife Linda. Olsen is physically altered by chemicals and the forces within the swamp. He is transformed into a monstrous creature who kills Ridge before the latter can murder Linda, who has started to suspect Ridge of murdering Alex. Unable to make Linda realize his true identity, he returns to the swamp.
After the success of the short story in the House of Secrets comic, the original creators were asked to write an ongoing series, depicting a more heroic, more contemporary creature. In Swamp Thing #1 (October–November 1972) Wein and Wrightson updated the time frame to the 1970s and featured a new version character: Alec Holland, a scientist working in the Louisiana swamps on a secret bio-restorative formula "that can make forests out of deserts". Holland is killed by a bomb planted by agents of the mysterious Mr. E (Nathan Ellery), who wants the formula. Splashed with burning chemicals in the massive fire, Holland runs from the lab and falls into the muck-filled swamp, after which a creature resembling a humanoid plant appears. Roy Thomas and Gerry Conway, who co-created Man-Thing for Marvel Comics a year and a half earlier, thought that this origin was too similar to that of their character, and Wein himself had written a Man-Thing story that was published with a June 1972 cover date, but he refused to change the origin in spite of some cajoling by Conway, who was his roommate at the time. Marvel, however, never took the issue to court, realizing the similarity of both characters to The Heap.[4]
The creature, called Swamp Thing, was originally conceived as Alec Holland mutating into a vegetable-like creature, a "muck-encrusted mockery of a man". However, under writer Alan Moore, Swamp Thing was reinvented as an elemental entity created upon the death of Alec Holland, having somehow absorbed Holland's memory and personality into itself. He is described as "a plant that thought it was Alec Holland, a plant that was trying its level best to be Alec Holland"[5] with the result that he suffered a temporary identity crisis as he tried to surrender to his plant side. Then he discovered that he could never be human 'again', but he eventually adjusted to his role after a fight with the Floronic Man. This new twist on his identity diverged the character from Marvel's character. This was Alan Moore's second re-invention of a comic book character, the first being Miracleman.
The major difference between the first and second Swamp Thing is that the latter appears more muscular than shambling, and possesses the power of speech. Being able to speak only with great difficulty, Alex Olsen's speech impediment is a major reason why his wife could not recognize him. In Swamp Thing #33, Alan Moore attempted to reconcile the two versions of Swamp Thing with the revelation that there have been many previous incarnations of Swamp Thing prior to the death and "rebirth" of the Alec Holland incarnation. Three others are notable: Albert Höllerer, a World War II pilot, appeared briefly and had his story summarized in Swamp Thing #47 (May 1986), and Aaron Hayley appeared in the Swamp Thing: Roots graphic novel (1998) set in the 1940s, and Alan Hallman, the Swamp Thing of the 1950s and 1960s, was introduced in Vol. 2 #102 (December 1990) and eventually, after being corrupted by the Gray, was killed by Holland. As a result, Holland is known as Swamp Thing IV by the editors of the DCU Guide. The principal two Swamp Things are also connected in that Holland's first wife is Linda Ridge, a descendant of Damian Ridge.
Publication history[edit]
The Swamp Thing has appeared in four comic book series to date, plus several specials, and has crossed over into other DC titles. The first Swamp Thing series ran for 24 issues, from 1972 to 1976.
Volume 1[edit]
Len Wein was the writer for the first 13 issues, before David Michelinie and Gerry Conway finished up the series. Burgeoning horror artist Bernie Wrightson drew the first ten issues of the series while Nestor Redondo drew a further thirteen issues, the last issue being drawn by Fred Carrillo. The original creative team worked closely together; Wrightson recalled that during story conferences, Wein would walk around the office acting out all the parts.[3] Swamp Thing fought against evil as he sought the men who murdered his wife and caused his monstrous transformation, as well as searching for a means to transform back to human form.
Swamp Thing has since fought many villains. Though they only met twice during the first series, the mad Dr. Anton Arcane and his obsession with gaining immortality became Swamp Thing's nemesis, even as Swamp Thing developed a close bond with Arcane's niece Abigail Arcane. Arcane was aided by his nightmarish army of Un-Men and the Patchwork Man, as Arcane's brother Gregori Arcane, who after a land mine explosion was rebuilt as a Frankenstein's Monster-type creature by his brother. Also involved in the conflict was Swamp Thing's close friend-turned-enemy Matthew Cable, a federal agent who mistakenly believed Swamp Thing to be responsible for the deaths of Alec and Linda Holland.
As sales figures plummeted towards the end of the series, the writers attempted to revive interest by introducing fantastical creatures, aliens, and even Alec Holland's brother, Edward (a plot point ignored by later writers), into the picture.
Volume 2[edit]
In 1982, DC Comics revived the Swamp Thing series,[6] attempting to capitalize on the summer 1982 release of the Wes Craven film of the same name. A revival had been planned for 1978, but was a victim of the DC Implosion. The new series, called Saga of the Swamp Thing, featured an adaptation of the Craven movie in its first annual. Now written by Martin Pasko, the book loosely picked up after Swamp Thing's appearance in Challengers of the Unknown, with the character wandering around the swamps of Louisiana seen as an urban legend and feared by locals. Pasko's main arc depicted Swamp Thing roaming the globe, trying to stop a young girl (and possible Anti-Christ) named Karen Clancy from destroying the world.
When Pasko had to give up work on the title due to increasing television commitments, editor Len Wein assigned the title to British writer Alan Moore. When Karen Berger took over as editor, she gave Moore free rein to revamp the title and the character as he saw fit. Moore reconfigured Swamp Thing's origin to make him a true monster as opposed to a human transformed into a monster. In his first issue, he swept aside most of the supporting cast Pasko had introduced in his year-and-a-half run as writer, and brought the Sunderland Corporation to the forefront, as they hunted Swamp Thing and "killed" him in a hail of bullets. The subsequent investigation revealed that Swamp Thing was not Alec Holland's consciousness transformed into a plant but actually a form of plant life that had absorbed Holland's consciousness after exposure to his work, with Swamp Thing's appearance being the plants' attempt to duplicate Holland's human form. This resulted in Swamp Thing suffering a temporary mental breakdown and identity crisis, but he eventually reasserted himself in time to stop the latest scheme of the Floronic Man.
Moore would later reveal, in an attempt to connect the original one-off Swamp Thing story from House of Secrets to the main Swamp Thing canon, that there had been dozens, perhaps hundreds, of Swamp Things since the dawn of humanity, and that all versions of the creature were designated defenders of the Parliament of Trees, an elemental community also known as "the Green" that connects all plant life on Earth. Moore's Swamp Thing had a profound effect on mainstream comic books, being the first horror comic to approach the genre from a literary point of view since the EC horror comics of the 1950s,[citation needed] and he broadened the scope of the series to include ecological and spiritual concerns while retaining its horror-fantasy roots. In issue #37, Moore formally introduced the character of John Constantine as a magician/con artist who would lead Swamp Thing on the American Gothic storyline. Alan Moore also introduced the concept of the DC characters Cain and Abel being the Biblical Cain and Abel caught in a cycle of murder and resurrection.
Saga of the Swamp Thing was the first mainstream comic book series to completely abandon the Comics Code Authority.[7]
With issue #65, regular penciler Rick Veitch took over from Moore and began scripting the series, continuing the story in a roughly similar vein for 24 more issues. Veitch's term ended in 1989 in a widely publicized creative dispute, when DC refused to publish issue #88 because of the use of Jesus Christ as a character despite having previously approved the script in which Swamp Thing is a cupbearer who offers Jesus water when he calls for it from the cross.[8][9] The series was handed to Doug Wheeler, who made the cup that Shining Knight believed to be the Holy Grail to be a cup used in a religious ceremony by a Neanderthal tribe that was about to be wiped out by Cro-Magnons, in the published version of issue #88. Beginning in issue #90, Wheeler reintroduced the Matango that Steve Bissette had introduced in Swamp Thing Annual #4.
After a period of high creative turnover,[10] in 1991 DC sought to revive interest in Swamp Thing by bringing horror writer Nancy A. Collins on board to write the series. Starting with Swamp Thing Annual #6, Collins moved on to write Swamp Thing #110-138, dramatically overhauling the series by restoring the pre-Alan Moore tone and incorporating a new set of supporting cast members into the book.[11] Collins resurrected Anton Arcane along with the Sunderland Corporation as foils for Swamp Thing. Her stories tended to be ecologically based and at one point featured giant killer flowers.
With issue #140 (March 1994), the title was handed over to Grant Morrison for a four-issue arc, co-written by the then unknown Mark Millar. As Collins had destroyed the status quo of the series, Morrison sought to shake the book up with a four-part storyline which had Swamp Thing plunged into a nightmarish dream-world scenario where he was split into two separate beings: Alec Holland and Swamp Thing, which was now a mindless being of pure destruction. Millar then took over from Morrison with issue #144, and launched what was initially conceived as an ambitious 25-part storyline where Swamp Thing would be forced to go upon a series of trials against rival elemental forces. Millar brought the series to a close with issue #171 in a finale where Swamp Thing becomes the master of all elemental forces, including the planet.
Volume 3[edit]
Written by Brian K. Vaughan and drawn by Roger Petersen and Giuseppe Camuncoli in 2001, the third Swamp Thing series focused on the daughter of the Swamp Thing, Tefé Holland. Even though she was chronologically 11-12, the series had Tefé aged into the body of an 18-year-old with a mindwipe orchestrated by Swamp Thing, Constantine and Abby in order to try to control her darker impulses, brought about by her exposure to the Parliament of Trees. Due to the circumstances under which she was conceived, while Swamp Thing, possessing John Constantine, was not aware he was given a blood transfusion by a demon, she held power over both plants and flesh.
Believing herself to be a normal human girl named Mary who had miraculously recovered from cancer three years prior, she rediscovers her powers and identity when she finds her boyfriend and best friend betraying her on Prom Night. In a moment of anger, her powers manifest and she kills them both. Tefé then fakes her own death and embarks on a series of misadventures that take her across the country, and ultimately to Africa, in search of a mythical "Tree of Knowledge."
During this series, it seems that Swamp Thing and Abigail have reunited as lovers and are living in their old home in the Louisiana swamps outside Houma. The home in which they live more closely resembles the one Swamp Thing constructs for Abigail during the Moore run, than the home in which they dwell during the Collins run. In a confrontation with Tefé, Swamp Thing explains that he has cut himself off from the Green, and there seems to be no trace of the god-like powers he acquired from the parliaments of air, waves, stone or flames during the Millar run. Also, Vaughan's Swamp Thing does not seem to have been divorced from the humanity of his "Alec Holland-self." The disconnection between these two entities, however, emerges as a plot point in Volume 4.
Volume 4[edit]
A fourth series began in 2004, with writers Andy Diggle (#1–6), Will Pfeifer (#7–8) and Joshua Dysart (#9–29). In this latest series, Swamp Thing is reverted to his plant-based Earth Elemental status after the first storyline, and he attempts to live an "eventless" life in the Louisiana swamps. Tefé, likewise, is rendered powerless and mortal. Issue #29, intended to be the final issue of the fourth volume, was cancelled due to low sales numbers.
Return to the DC Universe[edit]
Brightest Day[edit]
The conclusion of the series Brightest Day revealed that Swamp Thing had become corrupted by the personality of the villain Nekron in the wake of the Blackest Night crossover.[12] Swamp Thing now believed himself to be Nekron, similar to how he had once believed himself to be Alec Holland. Swamp Thing went on a rampage in Star City, ultimately seeking to destroy all life on Earth. The Entity within the White Lantern used several heroes, including Hawkman, Hawkgirl, Firestorm, Martian Manhunter, Aquaman and Deadman to slow the rampage and to construct a new Swamp Thing based on the body of Alec Holland. Instead of merely thinking it was Holland, this version of Swamp Thing would actually be him. The new Swamp Thing defeated and killed the corrupted and original Swamp Thing. Swamp Thing then restored life to natural areas around the world and declared that those who hurt "The Green" would face his wrath. He also restored Aquaman, Firestorm, Hawkman, and Martian Manhunter to normal. The book ended with Swamp Thing killing several businessmen who engaged in deliberate, illegal polluting activities.[13]
Search for the Swamp Thing[edit]
This 3 issue mini series follows immediately after the events of "Brightest Day", and follows the actions of John Constantine as he tries to work out what has changed with Swamp Thing, and track him down, with the assistance of Zatanna, Batman and Superman.
Volume 5[edit]
DC Comics relaunched Swamp Thing with issue #1 in September 2011 as part of The New 52.[14] The first issue featured Dr. Alec Holland who had been resurrected as a human with only memories of his time as a plant elemental. After completing a batch of his bio-restorative formula, he drops out of his botany career and becomes a construction worker. Haunted by thoughts of transforming again, he attempts to throw his formula into a swamp, but is stopped by a separate entity who has taken on the form of Swamp Thing.
In the following issue, this entity explains the revisions in the Swamp Thing continuity to Alec Holland which explains that he is part of The Green and that Swamp Thing must help The Green and The Red face off against The Black (AKA The Rot).[15]
Animal Man and his family continue their trip to find Swamp Thing so that they can unite against The Black. Arriving in the swamp, Ignatius uses his senses to help them locate Swamp Thing. When Animal Man manages to find Swamp Thing, they agree that they must enter The Black.[16] When they arrive in The Black, Animal Man and Swamp Thing soon find themselves one year into the future where The Black has infected most of the Earth.[17] Swamp Thing and the forces of The Green engage the Un-Men outside of Anton Arcane's castle.[18]
During the "Trinity War" storyline, Swamp Thing is among the superheroes who feel the disturbance in the magical plane when Shazam picks up Pandora's Box.[19]
During the "Forever Evil" storyline, Nightmare Nurse has grown a blue female Swamp Thing to help Constantine find his team.[20] The blue Swamp Thing doesn't survive long and gives birth to Constantine's green Swamp Thing. Swamp Thing agrees to help as The Green has been agitated by the Crime Syndicate's arrival, and tells them he would have assisted if they had just asked.[21]
Powers and abilities[edit]
Swamp Thing can inhabit and animate vegetable matter anywhere, including alien plants, even sentient ones, and construct it into a body for himself. As a result, bodily attacks mean little to him. He can easily regrow damaged or severed body parts, and can even transport himself across the globe by leaving his current form, transferring his consciousness to a new form grown from whatever vegetable matter is present in the location he wishes to reach. He even grew himself a form out of John Constantine's meager tobacco supply on one occasion.
Swamp Thing possesses superhuman strength. While Swamp Thing's strength has never been portrayed as prominently as many of his other abilities, he demonstrated sufficient strength to rip large trees out of the ground with ease and trade blows with the likes of Etrigan the Demon.
Swamp Thing can control any form of plant life. He can make it bend to his will or accelerate its growth. This control even extends to alien life, as he once cured Superman of an infection caused by exposure to a Kryptonian plant that was driving Superman mad and causing his body to burn out its own power.[22]
After the run of Mark Millar, Swamp Thing had also mastered the elements of fire, earth, water and air, the parliaments of each were later killed by The Word, implying that he has retained these abilities and has the power once held by the Parliaments. This has yet to be explained.
The new Swamp Thing (a resurrected Alec Holland) has no power over a White Lantern Power Ring but he can control all forms of plant life and even grow every kind even if it is unknown to him. All he needs the proper description and he can grow it. He can grow from any plant life anywhere- dead or alive. This is seen when Seeder creates a portal to the moon and throws him there but Holland simply grows back on earth from the plants growing on Seeder's face.
Other versions[edit]
In Super Friends #28, Swamp Thing made an appearance as one of the five foes that the team battles.[23]
A pre-Swamp Thing Alec Holland appears in The Batman Adventures #16 in a 5-page backup, set in the Batman: The Animated Series universe. He lives with the long retired Pamela Isley (Poison Ivy), as well encountering a plant doppelganger she created earlier on to keep Batman from trying to locate her.[24]
Swamp Thing is confirmed to appear in the Year Three Injustice Comic series in which he has chosen to ally with Superman instead of Batman and his longtime ally John Constantine. He appears when Constantine and Batman approach him to become allies of the Insurgency, only to discover he has already aligned with the Regime. Due to having a past with Constantine he allows them to go unharmed, but warns that he will not be as lenient the next time.
Other media[edit]
A public service announcement aired on behalf of Greenpeace against littering featuring Swamp Thing was debuted to coincide with the release of the Return of Swamp Thing.
The Swamp Thing television series would first air on USA Network from 1990 to 1993. The series was filmed in the brand-new Universal Studios Florida facilities and soundstages with Dick Durock reprising the role of Swamp Thing. The series ended short of its 100 episode schedule and reran on various networks throughout the following years. Starting in 2008, DVD collections of the episodes have been released via Shout! Factory. DiC Entertainment's Swamp Thing animated series debuted on Fox Kids in April 1991, with Len Carlson providing the voice of the title character. Anton Arcane was the series' main villain, along with his three Un-Men. The animation style followed a trend similar to Troma's Toxic Crusaders. The program only lasted five episodes and is often considered a mini-series. Much like the films of the 1980s, both the live action series and animated series followed the original version of Swamp Thing rather than Alan Moore's vision. Neither of these incarnations were highly successful critically or commercially, but the live-action series developed a cult following. A moderate collection of merchandise was produced for the animated series, including an action figure line by Kenner and video games by THQ. Swamp Thing made a small cameo appearance in the Justice League episode "Comfort and Joy". He was seen at a cantina. In a Justice League Unlimited episode (entitled "Initiation"), an unknown creature aboard the Justice League Watchtower, who is never identified, looks remarkably similar to the Swamp Thing. Swamp Thing can also be seen on a poster in the episode "Wake the Dead". Swamp Thing's human name was mentioned by NBC released a photo for the upcoming TV series Constantine which shows Constantine's calling card number Constantine, Master of the Dark Arts at 404-248-7182 and When you dial the number, a recording says, "Hello, you've reached John Constantine. And that's John Constantine. If you're looking for Alec Holland, try the bloody swamp."[25] It was announced that the Swamp Thing will be appearing in an upcoming episode.[26]
Swamp Thing was mentioned in The Real Housewives of New York City episode "The Last Splash".
Swamp Thing's expansion into media outside of comic books began with his first eponymous film in 1982. Directed by Wes Craven, it starred actor/stuntman Dick Durock as the title character. A sequel, The Return of Swamp Thing, was produced in 1989. This was much lower in budget and met with significantly less success than its predecessor. The film series rejected the popular Alan Moore revision of Swamp Thing's origin and portrayed Swamp Thing with his original origin as a man turned into a plant-like entity. They also heavily featured Anton Arcane, who now became the man responsible for causing Alec Holland's transformation into Swamp Thing. Swamp Thing will be featured in Guillermo del Toro's upcoming film, not based on the Justice League Dark comics.[27] While it shares many superficial similarities to the Justice League Dark comic series, del Toro has said that they are not related.
The documentary feature film The Mindscape of Alan Moore contains a psychedelic animation piece based on the "Love and Death" issue of Swamp Thing.
Swamp Thing can be seen in a comic in The Dark Knight Returns Part 1.
Video games[edit]
Swamp Thing inspired two video games based on the 1991 animated series that same year. A Swamp Thing video game, different from the NES version, was to be released on the Genesis, but was subsequently cancelled. The game was leaked on the internet. Swamp Thing appears in DC Universe Online, voiced by Chilimbwe Washington. In the hero campaign, the players find Swamp Thing in the aquacultural area of the Justice League Watchtower during the Spring Seasonal Event. Swamp Thing appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham voiced by J. B. Blanc. He appears as a playable character in Infinite Crisis voiced by Michael Dorn.
Along with the action figure line from Kenner that accompanied the animated series, Swamp Thing was the DC Universe Classics exclusive at the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con. At the Convention, the figure was sold with a couple of Un-Men.
Over the years, the Swamp Thing series has been nominated for and won several awards. Len Wein won the 1972 Shazam Award for "Best Writer (Dramatic Division)" and Berni Wrightson won the Shazam Award for "Best Penciller (Dramatic Division)" that same year for their work on Swamp Thing. Wein and Wrightson also won the Shazam Award for "Best Individual Story (Dramatic)" in 1972 for "Dark Genesis" in Swamp Thing #1. The series won the Shazam Award for "Best Continuing Feature" in 1973.
Alan Moore won the 1985 and 1986 Jack Kirby Awards for "Best Writer" for Swamp Thing. Moore, John Totleben, and Steve Bissette won the 1985 Jack Kirby Award for "Best Single Issue" for Swamp Thing Annual #2. They also won the 1985, 1986, and 1987 Jack Kirby Awards for "Best Continuing Series" for Swamp Thing.
- ^ McAvennie, Michael; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "1970s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9.
'Swamp Thing' was the name of Len Wein and Bernie Wrightson's turn-of-the-century tale, and its popularity with readers led a modernized version of the character into his own series a year later.
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 153: "Following his debut in House of Secrets #92 in 1971, the Swamp Thing grew into his own series, albeit with a reimagining of his origins by writer Len Wein and artist Bernie Wrightson."
- ^ a b c Ho, Richard (November 2004). "Who's Your Daddy??". Wizard (Wizard Entertainment) (140): 68–74.
- ^ Roy Thomas interview, Alter Ego #81 (October 2008), p. 25.
- ^ Saga of the Swamp Thing #21, p.22
- ^ Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 197: "Swamp Thing returned to the pages of a new ongoing series, written by Martin Pasko and drawn by artist Tom Yeates."
- ^ "Comics Code Rejects Saga of Swamp Thing Story; Swamp Thing Rejects Code", The Comics Journal #93 (September 1984), pp. 12/13.
- ^ "Swamp Thing Cancellation Begets Protest, Media Attention," The Comics Journal #130 (July 1989), pp. 28–29.
- ^ "Rick Veitch Quits Swamp Thing," The Comics Journal #129 (May 1989), pp. 7-11.
- ^ "Swamp Thing Team Leaves," The Comics Journal #139 (December 1990), p. 16.
- ^ "Nancy Collins: Swamp Thing's New Scripter Speaks," David Anthony Kraft's Comics Interview, #102 (1991), pp. 4-13.
- ^ Brightest Day #23 (April 2011)
- ^ Brightest Day #24 (April 2011)
- ^ DC Comics Announces "Justice League Dark", "Swamp Thing", "Animal Man" and More, Comics Alliance, June 7, 2011
- ^ SWAMP THING #2 by Greg McElhatton, Reviewer,
- ^ Animal Man Vol. 2 #12
- ^ Animal Man Vol. 2 #13
- ^ Animal Man Vol. 2 #17
- ^ Justice League Dark #23
- ^ Justice League Dark #24
- ^ Justice League Dark #25
- ^ Moore, Alan (w), Veitch, Rick (p), Williamson, Al (i). "The Jungle Line" DC Comics Presents 85 (September 1985)
- ^ Bridwell, E. Nelson (w), Fradon, Ramona (p), Colletta, Vince (i). "Masquerade of Madness" Super Friends 28 (January 1980)
- ^ Templeton, Ty (w), Burchett, Rick (p), Beatty, Terry (i). "Flower Girl" The Batman Adventures v2, 16 (September 2004)
- ^ [1]
- ^ Sandy Schaefer (16 October 2014). "David S. Goyer Talks 'Constantine', Justice League Dark & DC TV Show Crossovers". Screen Rant. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- ^ EXCLUSIVE: Señor Fenix Knows The Futures Of LOCKE & KEY, POWERS, REVIVIAL, JJ Abrams and Guillermo del Toro
External links[edit]
- Swamp Thing at the Continuity Pages
- Swamp Thing Annotations (Moore/Veitch Era)
- Swamp Thing at the Grand Comics Database
- "A Tale from the Swamp: The Origin of Wein & Wrightson's Swamp Thing," Comic Book Artist #1 (Spring 1998), pp. 28–29: interviews with Len Wein, Bernie Wrightson, and Joe Orlando.
- Arcane Knowledge: A Guide To The Swamp Thing TV Series
- Swamp Thing, Man-Thing and The Heap at Don Markstein's Toonopedia
- Swamp Thing at the Internet Movie Database
- Roots of the Swamp Thing
- Swamp Thing at TV.com
- Swamp Thing (Alex Olsen) at the Comic Book DB
- Swamp Thing (Alec Holland) at the Comic Book DB
- Swamp Thing (Tefé Holland) at the Comic Book DB
- Swamp Thing (Aaron Hayley) at the Comic Book DB
- Swamp Thing (Alan Hallman) at the Comic Book DB
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Meaning and name origin
Swayn \s-wayn, swa-yn\ as a boy's name has the meaning "one who herds swine" and is a variant of Swaine (Old English): occupational name.
Swayn has 2 variant forms: Swain, Swayne.
Swayn is also pronounced similarly to Seann and Swen. Other suggested similar baby names are Gwayn, Sean, Shaan, Shan, Shann, Shaun, Shawn, Shayan, Shayn, Shayne and Twayn.
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OTS/AMS PAS Code is: MG2IF56D
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indisputableLine breaks: in|dis¦put|able
Pronunciation: /ɪndɪˈspjuːtəb(ə)l , ɪnˈdɪspjʊtəb(ə)l /
Definition of indisputable in English:
Unable to be challenged or denied: a far from indisputable fact
More example sentences
- Sadly, political fluff and rhetoric again ignores clear indisputable facts.
- No-one is foolish enough to doubt his talent, yet it remains an indisputable fact that he has never won the games that really matter.
- Now and again an indisputable fact can be spotted in what the same Labour MP calls 'the media swirls'.
incontrovertible, incontestable, undeniable, irrefutable, unassailable, beyond dispute, unquestionable, beyond question, indubitable, not in doubt, beyond doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt, unarguable, inarguable, undebatable, unanswerable;
unequivocal, unambiguous, unmistakable, certain, sure, definite, definitive, proven, positive, decisive, conclusive, final, ultimate;
clear, clear-cut, straightforward, plain, as plain as a pikestaff, transparent, obvious, manifest, evident, self-evident, staring one in the face, patent, demonstrative, demonstrable, observable, palpable;
uncontroversial, accepted, acknowledged;
marked, pronounced, express, emphatic, categorical, compelling, convincing, clinching, airtight, watertight
rare irrefragable, apodictic
mid 16th century: from late Latin indisputabilis, from in- 'not' + disputabilis (see disputable).
- 1
- Example sentences
- 'Everyone has opportunities,' said Chris, chest pumped up with the indisputability of his wisdom.
- Thus, even though the majority of previous studies seem to indicate that women will form a more ethical workforce, its indisputability has not been fully established.
- To assert its indisputability would be to acknowledge that we, in pre-colonial times, were literally heathens in need of enlightenment.
- 2
indisputably adverb
- Example sentences
- And what comes out of the oven is unquestionably, unarguably, indisputably, a brick.
- Architecturally they are both indisputably interesting, even distinguished.
- Dublin 4 is indisputably Ireland's most expensive postcode.
Pronunciation: /-ˈbɪlɪti/noun
Definition of indisputable in:
- US English dictionary
- English synonyms
- US English synonyms
- Spanish dictionary
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Pronunciation: ˈɛmjʊləs
seeking to emulate someone or something


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The Sims 3 Seasons is coming later this year, bringing seasonal change (and everything that comes with it) to your Sims life. But besides the occasional rain and maybe some new items, we didn't know exactly what that change meant for the Sims, so we tapped associate producer Ryan Vaughan to answer some of our questions about the upcoming expansion - and for some cool exclusive screenshots too!
Ryan Vaughan: Since all seasons in The Sims 3 Seasons are different, I'll begin with spring. A large part of spring's visualization is the rain. Rain will come and Sims will need to dress the part to protect themselves while outdoors. Sims can now carry umbrellas and there will be puddles around town for them to splash in. Rain could also lead to thunderstorms and when one approaches town, Sims will need to use extra caution when outdoors as there's a potential of being struck by lightning. But alas, with the rainy season comes new life! Plants and flowers will begin to bloom and the season will gradually transition from spring to summer. Summer is the time of year to really celebrate the great outdoors. The town will be filled with Sims engaging with new activities, as well as blistering heat waves!
RV: We think for spring as a time for new beginnings, and flowers aren't the only things in bloom. This is a time young love is at its peak and Sims attending the spring festival can seek out an attractive companion at the kissing booth, meet up with a mate on the dance floor or even try their luck with online dating. In addition, during the spring festival, Sims will be able to get their faces painted with designs such as bunnies or hearts, or visit the concession stand for a taste of seasonal foods like grasshopper pie, fruit punch and adorable freezer bunny pops. There's even an egg hunt for the kids and the young at heart! Summer is a time to soak up the sun. Sims can visit the beach and for the first time ever on PC take a swim in the ocean! Not to mention, they can throw a pool party, skate around the roller rink or head to the park to kick around a soccer ball. For Sims looking to get out of the sun, they can head to the tanning booth to get a golden glow.
RV: There are lots of differences between the two seasons in-game but the two biggest ones are the transformative weather effects and the festivals. Spring will have more clouds, rain and thunderstorms while a large majority of the summer season will showcase blue skies and lots of sun, with the chance of a heat wave that adds visual heat distortions! Additionally, each season has a unique festival filled with new activities and celebrations that relate to that season.
RV: Yes, Sims' moods can be affected by the seasons. During spring, Sims may be afflicted with hay fever, which can cause sneezing and lead to grumpy moods. Your Sims can take action to prevent this suffering by getting an allergy shot, as long they aren't afraid of needles! Sims will begin to get excited as the temperatures warm up and summer has begun. As Sims head outdoors they better not forget their sunscreen. Sims can get sunburnt which will lead to irritable moods.
RV: One of the fun new objects in The Sims 3 Seasons is the diving board, which allows Sims to make a splash at the pool, whether plunging in with a big cannon ball or slipping into the water with an elegant swan dive. Also new for summer are pool loungers. Sims can take these into their pools or the ocean. Sims can relax on them by floating or reading a book. Additionally new fireworks have been added. These can be used year round but are especially fun for Sims to ignite during the warm summer nights. The additions include firecrackers, spinners, rockets, smoke bombs and more!
RV: Definitely! The most exciting thing to get working was certainly the new weather FX in The Sims 3's open world. Like many of our players, we've wanted to get weather and seasons into the game forever. We were thrilled the first time we saw Sunset Valley get distorted by a major summer heat wave!
RV: Since the launch of The Sims 3, we've released many different worlds, as well as given players the tools to create their own distinct worlds. Getting transformative weather to look right in every world has been quite a challenge, but one of the best about it is that the weather and seasons system gives players full control over what they experience in their own games. For instance, say your Sims live in the sweltering dessert town of Lucky Palms – you can actually turn off the entire winter seasons to prevent snow from falling! As the player, you get to control the seasons the way you want for each world you play in.
That certainly quenched our thirst for Sims 3 Seasons info when it comes to the summer and spring, but we still aren't sure how the fall or winter might work. We've already lined up interview with the developers to talk about just that, so let us know in the comments below what you want to know about and we'll be sure to ask them in the coming weeks!
And if you want more Sims 3 news, check out the best places in The Sims to WooHoo and 10 reasons why The Sims world is better than our world.
- August 26, 2012 4:32 p.m.
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Use Pega Build For Change® technology to achieve rapid and measurable value
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Transformation can change the game by restructuring the operational infrastructure around business processes – simplifying, reinventing and then automating them end to end. This can be implemented incrementally, with the most important/costly processes first (80/20 principle). The outcomes can be dramatic, not only with annual cost savings (200M to 2B), but more importantly, with high customer service level achievement rarely seen in the banking industry.
Retail Banking & Card Servicing
Only Pega offers a unified solution for delivering customer-centric experiences while wringing inefficiency and cost out of each interaction. Pega combines dynamic processes, holistic case management across all channels and intent-driven guidance to transform every aspect of your customer-facing operations. With Pega, you can continuously improve the customer experience to achieve the best possible outcome for your customers and your business.
Transform your lending operations into efficient, compliant processes delivered in a customer-centric environment. Only Pega offers a unified solution that combines rules-driven processes with enterprise management, real-time decisioning and easy back-end integration to rapidly automate credit policies and procedures for any type of loan. The result is end-to-end control of the lending life cycle from new business and loan servicing to default management, enabling customer-focused experiences delivered with maximum cost efficiency and compliance.
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Pega delivers a suite of solutions that can revolutionize how commercial banks interact with their customers from the first sales interaction to the most detailed payment investigations. These solutions are designed for rapid time to value with built-in commercial banking best practices, rules and processes – all delivered on Pega's agile Build for Change® technology.
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Pega enables wealth managers, private bankers, retail brokers, investment managers and retirement services providers to transform every aspect of the client relationship. With Pega, you can offer a superior customer experience tailored to your customer segmentation strategy to deepen the relationship, dramatically improve productivity and gain a highly agile, business-focused platform for managing the client lifecycle from sales through service that makes it easy to keep pace with business and regulatory change.
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Pega 7 delivers solutions 6.4X faster than traditional Java EE. The Build for Change platform brings new solutions to life with simplicity and speed for adaptability to changing business needs.


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PMQs: Cameron beats Ed, but Europe questions linger
The wind was in the Prime Minister's sails this week, and it would have been hard for him to lose having just made a historic and popular pledge for an in-out EU referendum- 23 January 2013
PMQs: Yuletide draw to end a drab year
A scoreless draw between Dave and Ed, in many ways, reflects a year when neither have had much to shout about. They, and we, could do with the break- 19 December 2012
PMQs: Lines drawn for 2015 - 'strivers' vs. 'scroungers'
Over the next three years the Tories will present themselves as the party of strivers to Labour's party of scroungers, while Labour will employ the age-old class war tactics- 12 December 2012
PMQs: Miliband mimicry mockery
There were glimpses of Flashman Dave on show at today's PMQs, but the PM's victory was mainly down to Miliband's routine self-destruction- 21 November 2012
PMQs: Inflation down, crime down, performance down
With outings like this at the despatch box becoming a regular occurrence, the idea of Prime Minister Miliband is slowly becoming less absurd- 24 October 2012
PMQs: A pointless win for the PM
Cameron got one over an off-form Miliband this week but it was to no avail in the light of events, dear boy writes Harry Cole- 12 September 2012
PMQs: The inevitable questions, the morning after
After being booed at the Paralympics and a stressful forty-eight hours of reshuffling his team, the Prime Minister was greeted back at PMQs with a mixed bag, writes Harry Cole- 5 September 2012
PMQs: Another week, another defeat for desperate Dave
Six months ago, Ed Miliband faced a long holiday period in damp spirits. Six months on, it's the Prime Minister who is sailing close to the rocks, writes Harry Cole- 11 July 2012
PMQs: Broken Promises, Broken Truce
With six soldiers missing in Afghanistan, Prime Minister's Questions put things into perspective, writes our UK Political Editor Harry Cole- 7 March 2012
PMQs: Blood on the tracks for Miliband
The first PMQs of the new year did little to help the embattled Labour leader writes our UK Political Editor Harry Cole- 11 January 2012
Latest on the blog
- NY Democrat pleads with Republican not to share document proposing confiscation of guns
- Sunday Times blood libel cartoon, on Holocaust Memorial Day no less
- Oregon woman raped after police refuse to send out response unit
- Palestinian jailed for Facebook like
- 'Muslim Patrol' vigilantes attempt to control London streets
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The Weekly Address: Closing Corporate Tax Loopholes
Published on Jul 26, 2014
In this week's address, the President continued his call for our nation to rally around an economic patriotism that says rather than protecting wasteful tax loopholes for a few at the top, we should be investing in things like education and job training that grow the economy for everybody.
Mensaje De La Casa Blanca
Published on Jul 26, 2014
En el mensaje de esta semana, la Directora del Consejo de Política Nacional de la Casa Blanca Cecilia Muñoz destacó el progreso de nuestra economía, pero tambíen habló sobre como un grupo pequeño pero creciente de grandes corporaciones están fugándose del país para evitar pagar impuestos, a pesar de que las ganancias corporativas son más elevadas que nunca. Así como lo refleja el presupuesto del Presidente, la mejor manera de que todos estemos en igualdad de condicioneses a través de una reforma tributaria que reduzca la tasa impositiva corporativa, cierre las lagunas tributarias que representan un derroche y simplifique el código fiscal para todos.
7/25/14: White House Press Briefing
Published on Jul 25, 2014
White House Press Briefings are conducted most weekdays from the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room in the West Wing
July 25th, 2014: Photo of the Day
Weekly Wrap Up: Astronauts, "Inversions," and the VP and a White Board
July 25, 2014
This week, some astronauts stopped by the White House (hint: think 1969), we talked about "inversions" (more on that later), the President awarded the Medal of Honor, and the Vice President got a marker and white board and gave us a little bit of history on our nation's infrastructure.
Check out what else you may have missed in this week's wrap up.
West Wing Week 07/25/14 or, "The Irrefutable Rightness of Your Cause"
Adam Garber
This week, the President introduced a historic Executive Action for LGBT rights, continued to address the ongoing conflicts in the Ukraine and Gaza, hosted a town hall in support of his My Brother's Keeper Initiative, and traveled to California to deliver his response to some very striking letters he'd received … in person.
"You Are Why I Ran for President in the First Place"
Yesterday, President Obama spoke under sunny skies at the Los Angeles Trade-Technical College. He talked about the progress that we've made since he took office and training our workers for a 21st-century economy.
The President called for a new sense of optimism and collective patriotism in this country: "Cynicism is a choice, and hope is a better choice. And if we can work together, I promise you there's no holding America back."
He also talked about something known as "inversions." What's an "inversion," you ask? Learn more here.
Apollo 11: 45 Years Later
Forty-five years ago, two American astronauts — Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong — landed on the moon's Sea of Tranquility, and Neil Armstrong planted the first footprint on the surface of the moon.
On Tuesday, President Obama invited Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins, the astronaut who piltoted the spacecraft that orbited the moon, and Neil Armstrong's wife, Carol, to the White House. Armstrong passed away in 2012.
To honor the anniversary, we spent a little time poring over archival footage of the Apollo 11 mission — and included some of the incredible work that NASA is doing today. We won't spoil it all for you here, but it includes redirecting asteroids around the moon and going to Mars. So, that's pretty cool.
The Vice President Takes the Marker
The Vice President talked about an issue that's very near and dear to him: the state of our infrastructure in this country. And to do that, he picked up a marker, and took to our "White House white board" to explain the crisis that our nation's roads and bridges face today.
65% of our roads are in less than good condition. 25% of our bridges require significant require or can't handle today's traffic. And 45% of Americans lack access to transit. Watch the Vice President explain the history of our country's infrastructure, and then be sure to pass this one on.
"For Conspicuous Gallantry"
On Monday, President Obama presented the Medal of Honor to Staff Sergeant Ryan M. Pitts for his unwavering courage in one of the fiercest battles of the war in Afghanistan.
The President described Ryan's heroic acts during his remarks:
As the insurgents moved in, Ryan picked up a grenade, pulled the pin, and held that live grenade—for a moment, then another, then another—finally hurling it so they couldn't throw it back. Then he did it again. And again. Unable to stand, Ryan pulled himself up on his knees and manned a machine gun. Soldiers from the base below made a daring run—dodging bullets and explosions—and joined the defense. But now the enemy was inside the post—so close they were throwing rocks at the Americans; so close they came right up to the sandbags. Eight American soldiers had now fallen. And Ryan Pitts was the only living soldier at that post.
"We're All Heartbroken by What's Happened"
On Tuesday morning, the President visited the Embassy of the Netherlands and signed a condolence book for those killed in the shoot-down of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 in Ukraine.
In the condolence book, the President wrote:
On behalf of the American people, I extend our deepest condolences to the people of the Netherlands as they mourn the loss of so many family and friends. No words can adequately express the sorrow the world feels over this loss. It is made more acute by the deep ties of friendship between our two countries. Bound by that friendship, we will not rest until we are certain that justice is done.
What You Missed: A Tumblr Q&A with Valerie Jarrett on Expanding Opportunity for the LGBT Community
A Call Answered: Unlocking America's Cell Phones
Celebrating 24 Years of the Americans with Disabilities Act
July 25, 2014
Tomorrow marks the 24th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) — a landmark law that transformed American society for people with disabilities. It provided for full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for those of us living with disabilities, and also provided Americans with disabilities with legal remedies to safeguard all of those rights.
Read the President's proclamation in support of the anniversary here.
This morning, Valerie Jarrett, Senior Advisor to the President; Paulette Aniskoff, Director of the Office of Public Engagement; and I hosted a meeting with a small group of disability leaders to commemorate the 24th anniversary of the ADA. In the meeting, we discussed the critical efforts that federal agencies are leading to protect the rights of, and participation by, people with disabilities in our communities.
We also discussed ways in which we can all work together to ensure that all Americans with disabilities, including our veterans and wounded warriors, have the opportunity to be full and active members of our society, participants in our democracy, and self-sufficient contributors to our economy.
It's also fitting that President Obama signed the bipartisan Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) into law during this anniversary week. WIOA, which reauthorizes the Workforce Investment Act, breaks down barriers and streamlines services with the goal of moving more individuals with disabilities into competitive, integrated employment.
WIOA expands career development and pre-employment services, and also modernizes and improves workforce development programs to help all individuals — including youth and adults with disabilities – attain the skills they need to be successful in today's economy.
As the President said at the bill signing:
So the bill I'm about to sign will give communities more certainty to invest in job-training programs for the long run. It will help us bring those programs into the 21st century by building on what we know works based on evidence, based on tracking what actually delivers on behalf of folks who enroll in these programs -– more partnerships with employers, more tools to measure performance, more flexibilities for states and cities to innovate and to run their workforce programs in ways that are best suited for their particular demographic and their particular industries. And as we approach the 24th anniversary of the ADA, this bill takes new steps to support Americans with disabilities who want to live and work independently. So there's a lot of good stuff in here.
For more on WIOA and how it helps people with disabilities and our nation's workforce, check out this fact sheet from the Department of Labor.
More than 3.81 Million Records Released
Making the Business Case for Rural America
A Day in the Life: Deric from Baltimore
Connecting African Leaders to U.S. Industry Beyond the Beltway
Staff Sgt. Ryan Pitts Receives the Medal of Honor
The President Offers Condolences at the Dutch Embassy
The President Signs the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
Drink Up! with First Lady Michelle Obama
My Brother's Keeper Town Hall
The President Gives an Update on Ukraine and Gaza
The President Signs an Executive Order on LGBT Workplace Discrimination
Riders On The Storm – Snoop Dogg ft. The Doors
Riders On The Storm
"Into this house we're born
Into this world we're thrown
Like a dog without a bone
An actor out on loan
Riders on the storm"
Filed under: Politics | Tagged: Afghanistan, Barack Obama, Microsoft PowerPoint, Oval Office, Pete Souza, Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, SlideShare, White House | 7 Comments »


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Spectacular Spiral
M51, the Whirlpool Galaxy, is one of the most beautiful objects in the sky. It's about 30 million light-years away, in the constellation Canes Venatici. Bright young stars outline its spiral arms, while red blobs are "nurseries" where new stars are being born. The Whirlpool is similar to our own Milky Way galaxy, though not as large. A smaller galaxy, at right, has sideswiped the Whirlpool, pulling out great streamers of stars from both galaxies. [NASA/ESA/S.Beckwith/Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)]


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DALLAS -- A U.S. district judge sentenced an Addison man to 12 years in federal prison Tuesday for sending child pornography to what turned out to be an undercover officer in Florida.
Guy Martin Johnson, 56, pleaded guilty to one count of transportation of child pornography in November 2012.
The investigation began in January 2012 when Johnson entered a chat room and began speaking to the officer, who claimed to be a mother who had a son interested in sex with an adult male. Over the course of several days, police say Johnson expressed his desire to have sex with the "mother's" 14-year-old son.
After more conversations, Johnson sent the undercover officer 21 images depicting child pornography.
In May 2012, the Dallas police's Internet Crimes Against Children task force executed a search warrant for Johnson's house, and he admitted to officers he had chatted with someone in Florida, but claimed it was all fantasy.
An analysis of computer equipment found during the search found 149 images and two videos depicting the sexual exploitation of minors.


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It was so windy in Batavia today (a Wind Advisory is in effect until tomorrow afternoon) that it knocked down a wall near 4320 Federal Drive in the Town of Batavia.
No one was hurt.
Photo from our news partner, The Batavian.
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