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Silicone-based drug reservoirs manufacturing process - Critical quality attributes evaluation using NIR and Raman spectroscopy
Mantanus, Jérôme ; Rozet, Eric ; et al
Poster (2011, October)Detailed reference viewed: 62 (16 ULg)
New Methodology for the Development of Chromatographic Methods
Rozet, Eric ; Debrus, Benjamin ; Lebrun, Pierre et al
Conference (2011, September 08)
As defined by ICH [1] and FDA, Quality by Design (QbD) stands for "a systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process ... [more ▼]
As defined by ICH [1] and FDA, Quality by Design (QbD) stands for "a systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management". A risk–based QbD–compliant approach is proposed for the robust development of analytical methods. This methodology based on Design of Experiments (DoE) to study the experimental domain models the retention times at the beginning, the apex and the end of each peak corresponding to the compounds of a mixture and uses the separation criterion (S) rather than the resolution (RS) as a Critical Quality Attribute. Stepwise multiple linear regressions are used to create the models. The estimated error is propagated from the modelled responses to the separation criterion (S) using Monte Carlo simulations in order to estimate the predictive distribution of the separation criterion (S) over the whole experimental domain. This allows finding ranges of operating conditions that will guarantee a satisfactory quality of the method in its future use. These ranges define the Design Space (DS) of the method. In chromatographic terms, the chromatograms processed at operating conditions within the DS will assuredly show high quality, with well separated peaks and short run time, for instance. This Design Space can thus be defined as the subspace, necessarily encompassed in the experimental domain (i.e. the knowledge space), within which the probability for the criterion to be higher than an advisedly selected threshold is higher than a minimum quality level. Precisely, the DS is defined as "the multidimensional combination and interaction of input variables (e.g., material attributes) and process parameters that have been demonstrated to provide assurance of quality" [1]. Therefore, this DS defines a region of operating conditions that provide prediction of assurance of quality rather than only quality as obtained with traditional mean response surface optimisation strategies. For instance, in the liquid chromatography there is a great difference in e.g. predicting a resolution (RS) higher than 1.5 vs. predicting that the probability for RS to be higher than 1.5 (i.e. P(RS> 1.5)) is high. The presentation of this global methodology will be illustrated for the robust optimisation and DS definition of several liquid chromatographic methods dedicated to the separation of different mixtures: pharmaceutical formulations, API and impurities/degradation products, plant extracts, separation of enantiomers, … References [1] International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Topic Q8(R2): Pharmaceutical development, Geneva, 2009. Acknowledgements A research grant from the Belgium National Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S-FNRS) to E. Rozet is gratefully acknowledged. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 51 (7 ULg)
Rozet, Eric ; Hubert, Philippe
Conference (2011, September 08)
Analytical method validation is a mandatory step to evaluate the ability of developed methods to provide accurate results for their routine application in order to trust the critical decisions that will ... [more ▼]
Analytical method validation is a mandatory step to evaluate the ability of developed methods to provide accurate results for their routine application in order to trust the critical decisions that will be made with them. Even if several guidelines exist to help perform analytical method validations (ICH Q2R1 [1], USP <1225> [2], …) there is still the need to clarify the meaning and interpretation of analytical method validation criteria and methodology. Indeed, actually method validation is mostly realised as the traditional check list implementation of e.g. the ICH Q2R1 or USP <1225> method validation requirements. However, within the trend of Quality by Design [3], there is the need to switch from this traditional vision to an analytical method validation really adding value and providing a high level of assurance of analytical methods results reliability. Yet, different interpretations can be made of the validation guidelines as well as for the definitions of the validation criteria. This will lead to diverse experimental designs implemented to try fulfilling these criteria. Finally, different decision methodologies can also be interpreted from these guidelines. Therefore, the risk that a validated analytical method may be unfit for its future purpose will depend on a personal interpretation of these guidelines. The objective of this presentation is thus to show that analytical method validation should be planned and performed by first starting with the end in mind: what is the objective of the analytical methods under study? In such a way analytical method validation is coherent with the actual Quality by Design regulatory expectations. The risk of having validated an analytical method unfit for its purpose is strongly reduced as well as the risk of generating Out of Specification (OOS) results due to an unfit method. References [1] International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Topic Q2 (R1): Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology, Geneva, 2005. [2] USP 33 NF 28 S1, U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2007. USP–NF General Chapter <1225>. [3] International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Topic Q8(R2): Pharmaceutical development, Geneva, 2009. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 70 (6 ULg)
Rozet, Eric ; Marini Djang'Eing'A, Roland ; Lebrun, Pierre et al
Poster (2011, September)Detailed reference viewed: 63 (16 ULg)
; Mantanus, Jérôme ; Rozet, Eric et al
Poster (2011, September)Detailed reference viewed: 25 (7 ULg)
Rapport annuel du projet "Prédiction des risques associés aux résultats générés par les méthodes analytiques au cours des étapes de leur cycle de vie."
Rozet, Eric ; Hubert, Philippe
Report (2011)Detailed reference viewed: 16 (1 ULg)
Development and validation of a UHPLC-UV method for the detection and quantification of erectile dysfunction drugs and some of their analogues found in counterfeit medicines.
Sacré, Pierre-Yves ; ; Chiap, Patrice et al
Poster (2011, June 20)Detailed reference viewed: 68 (8 ULg)
A RAPID UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn METHOD FOR ANTHOCYANINS QUANTIFICATION FROM Euterpe oleracea FRUITS HARVESTED AT DIFFERENT TIMES
; ; Rozet, Eric et al
Poster (2011, June 09)
Euterpe oleracea is a palm tree widely distributed in northern South America. Its greatest occurrence and economic importance happens in the floodplains of the Amazonian delta. The fruits called açai are ... [more ▼]
Euterpe oleracea is a palm tree widely distributed in northern South America. Its greatest occurrence and economic importance happens in the floodplains of the Amazonian delta. The fruits called açai are an interesting source of different anthocyanins. Lately they have gained popularity in North America and in the European countries in the food industry and in the health sector due to their extremely high antioxidant capacity and potential anti-inflammatory activities [1]. Some studies have characterized chemically açaí pulps and have reported anthocyanin profiles which differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among other reasons, these differences may be associated with the stages of ripening of the fruits, since açai fruits are generally harvested in different maturation stages. The evaluation of the anthocyanin profile of açai fruits during different maturation stages is thus important for the post-harvest industry. In addition a rapid separation by UHPLC and an unambiguous identification by MSn are very useful for an effective quality control of the fruits. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the anthocyanin profiles of açai fruits at different stages of maturity. The fruits were harvested during the peak harvesting season, between July and October 2009, in the floodplains of the eastern Amazonian region (State of Pará, Brazil). A protocol of solid-liquid extraction of phenolic compounds was developed. Characterisation of the anthocyanins present in the fruits of Euterpe oleracea was conducted by UHPLC–DAD–ESI–MSn analysis, in positive ionization mode. All identified compounds was separated in 10 minutes of a total run time of 21 min instead of 55 min in the previously developed HPLC method. Six anthocyanins were identified in the extracts namely: cyaniding-3-glucoside, cyaniding-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin. The first two compounds were the major constituents in all maturity stages, with similar proportions, except for the first maturity stage for which the anthocyanins were under the limit of quantification. However, in the last maturity stage, cyanidin-3-glucoside became less abundant than cyanidin-3-rutinoside. On the other hand, cyanidin decreased with maturation. For the other compounds, proportions were similar along maturation. Hence, this work was important as it provides valid information on variation of anthocyanin profiles of açai fruits during maturation. This may contribute to the selection of an optimal maturity stage for harvesting as well as it will allow a rapid quality control of the fruits. [1]: Heinrich, M., et al., Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)- A phytochemical and pharmacological assessment of the species' health claims. Phytochem. Lett. (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.phytol.2010.11.005 [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 52 (1 ULg)
La spectroscopie vibrationnelle, outil indispensable pour l'industrie pharmaceutique ?
Ziemons, Eric ; Mantanus, Jérôme ; Rozet, Eric et al
Scientific conference (2011, June)Detailed reference viewed: 84 (10 ULg)
Une solution analytique verte pour le PAT: la spectroscopie proche infrarouge.
Mantanus, Jérôme ; Rozet, Eric ; Lebrun, Pierre et al
Conference (2011, May 19)Detailed reference viewed: 60 (15 ULg)
Comment adéquatement déclarer valide ou non valide une méthode analytique ?
Rozet, Eric ; Hubert, Philippe
Conference (2011, April 04)
Vu le rôle central que jouent les méthodes d'analyse dans l'ensemble des activités tant de l'industrie (bio)pharmaceutique, agro-alimentaire, chimique ou dans l'environnement, il est essentiel de les ... [more ▼]
Vu le rôle central que jouent les méthodes d'analyse dans l'ensemble des activités tant de l'industrie (bio)pharmaceutique, agro-alimentaire, chimique ou dans l'environnement, il est essentiel de les valider. Les critères de validation ne sont pas une finalité et il est nécessaire de rappeler l'objectif d'une méthode analytique et de sa validation afin de planifier adéquatement cette étape de validation. Par ailleurs, les approches de décision habituelles qui se basent seulement sur des estimateurs ponctuelles ne répondent pas à l'objectif de la validation. Une stratégie alternative pour décider de la validité des méthodes est proposée utilisant les intervalles de tolérance : "ß-expectation tolerance interval". [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 99 (8 ULg)
Développement d'une méthodologie statistique basée sur l'intervalle de tolérance pour la sélection et l'évaluation de modèles robustes dans le domaine de la spectroscopie et de l'imagerie proche infrarouge
Ziemons, Eric ; Rozet, Eric ; Hubert, Philippe
Report (2011)Detailed reference viewed: 22 (1 ULg)
Performance of three HIV-1 DNA real-time PCRs for early diagnosis in infants and adults
; ; et al
Poster (2011, March)
Background Early pediatric HIV-1 diagnosis is a challenge in resource limited countries to identify HIV-infected newborns to provide early ART treatment. HIV DNA PCR testing is an accurate method for ... [more ▼]
Background Early pediatric HIV-1 diagnosis is a challenge in resource limited countries to identify HIV-infected newborns to provide early ART treatment. HIV DNA PCR testing is an accurate method for diagnosis in newborns and could be valuable for monitoring HIV infection in adults. We have evaluated the analytical, clinical performances and genotype inclusivity of 3 real-time Taqman PCRs targeting the ltr, int and env genes. Material and methods Total DNA was extracted from whole blood and Dried Blood Spots (DBS) using the NucleoSpin Blood kit (Macherey Nagel) and the Chelex resin. DNA amplification was performed using the Qiagen Multiplex PCR kit and detected on a 7300 Real time PCR system (Applied Biosystems). Method validation was realized as required by ISO 15189 standard. The accuracy profile methodology was applied. HIV-1 DNA of ACH2 cells (0, 25, 50, 100, 1000 and 5000 copies/PCR) mixed in whole blood were measured in 4 different series (2 PCR kits and 2 operators) of 5 independent DNA extraction of each standard. Linear and quadratic weighted and non weighted regression models were tested. Trueness, precision, limit of quantifications of the method and accuracy of the results were obtained for each model and compared. 93 whole blood samples of ART treated-patients with undetectable or low viraemia of 16 B and 77 non-B subtypes were assessed. Clinical evaluation of the assay was performed on 26 whole blood samples and 238 DBS from infants of Guinea Conakry determined HIV+ using the rapid Bioline HIV test Results The calibration model providing the most accurate results was the linear regression with an r² equal to 0.92 for ltr, 0.88 for int and 0.95 for env. Trueness, precision and accuracy were highly acceptable for the 3 sets of primers/probe not exceeding -0.23 log(copies/PCR) for bias and 0.5 log(copies) for intermediate precision standard deviation, respectively. The estimated lower limit of quantification was 41, 475 and 25 copies/PCR for ltr, int and env respectively. The accuracy profile of each gene showed that each future measurement using this assay has 80% probability to be within a limit of 0.5 log (copies/PCR) around the reference or true value of copies of each gene. 52/93 whole blood samples of ART-treated patients had 3 positive genes (Ct<40 cycles), 38/93 had two positive genes and 4/93 had only one positive gene (ltr). Among these patients, 3 were assigned as long term progressors and one was a subtype C strain. Clinical evaluation of the assay identified 1 HIV-1 infected newborn and 3 adults (at least 2 positive genes) for which HIV-1 infection was confirmed either by serology or viral load techniques as well as 96 HIV-1 infected infants using DBS. Conclusions This assay is suitable for detection of proviral HIV-1 DNA in infants and adults on whole blood and DBS samples. Despite an estimated lower limit of quantification higher than ltr and env, the int PCR was required to achieve a good genotype inclusivity. The method was fully validated as required by ISO 15189 and showed to provide sufficiently reliable results. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 59 (3 ULg)
Total Error and Uncertainty: Friends or Foes?
Rozet, Eric ; ; et al
in Trends in Analytical Chemistry (2011), 30(5), 797-806
The guidelines ISO 17025 and ISO 15189 aim at improving the quality assurance scheme of laboratories. Reliable analytical results are of core importance due to the critical decisions that are taken with ... [more ▼]
The guidelines ISO 17025 and ISO 15189 aim at improving the quality assurance scheme of laboratories. Reliable analytical results are of core importance due to the critical decisions that are taken with them. Therefore among other topics, these documents require that analytical methods be validated and that laboratories should be able to provide measurement uncertainty of their measured routine results. To evaluate analytical methods fitness of purpose, total error has been and is more and more applied to assess reliability of results generated by analytical methods. However, the ISO requirement to estimate measurement uncertainty seems in opposition with the total error concept, leading to delays in their implementation by laboratories and increased confusion for the analysts. Thus, this article aims at clarifying the divergences between total error and measurement uncertainty, but also to discuss their main similarities and give some emphasise to their implementations. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 167 (25 ULg)
Validation, transfer and measurement uncertainty estimation of an HPLC-UV method for the quantification of artemisinin in hydro alcoholic extracts of Artemisia annua L.
; ; Evrard, Brigitte et al
in Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Analysis (2011), 56
Malaria is the world's most important parasitic infection with 500 millions cases annually and almost 2 millions death per year. This disease is more present in Sub-Saharan Africa where 90% of the ... [more ▼]
Malaria is the world's most important parasitic infection with 500 millions cases annually and almost 2 millions death per year. This disease is more present in Sub-Saharan Africa where 90% of the infections are found. Artemisinin and its semi synthetic derivatives (artemether, artesunate) have actually the most powerful activity on malaria, even in its complicated forms and resistance cases. Various methods have been proposed for detection and quantification of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. by HPLC-UV, but the plant extracts used for this quantification were extracts obtained with organic solvents (toluene, petroleum ether, hexane …). To be able to use crude A. annua extracts prepared at low cost to formulate antipaludic drugs, we chose the use of a mixture of water and ethanol as solvent of extraction, but no adequate analytical method for this kind of extracts is published. The main objectives of this work were first to develop an analytical method for artemisinin quantification in hydro alcoholic extracts of A. annua. Second, this method had to be thoroughly validated by the research and development laboratory and, third, the transfer of this method to the routine laboratory had to be demonstrated. The final aim was to compare the estimation of measurement uncertainty obtained during the method validation with validation standards to measurement uncertainty estimates obtained during the method transfer study with real samples. The method was validated following the accuracy profile methodology and was found to be accurate in the concentration range of 10.0 to 54.0 µg/ml with CV <8%. Limit of detection and of quantification were 2.73 and 10.0 µg/ml, respectively. The method was then successfully transferred to a laboratory in Benin by showing that the quality of the results that it will generate during routine application of the method is sufficient. Finally, the measurement uncertainty of the method was estimated from the validation experiments as well as from the transfer study with authentic unspiked samples of A. annua. The comparison of these measurement uncertainty estimations showed that they were coherent. It confirmed thus that the estimation of measurement uncertainty from validation experiments predicts well the measurement uncertainty of real routine samples. This analytical method was thus shown to be convenient for routine analysis of hydro alcoholic extracts of A. annua in Benin. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 72 (16 ULg)
Development and validation of a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-UV method for the detection and quantification of erectile dysfunction drugs and some of their analogues found in counterfeit medicines
Sacré, Pierre-Yves ; ; Chiap, Patrice et al
in Journal of Chromatography. A (2011), 1218
Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is a permanently growing problem. Control laboratories are constantly analysing counterfeit medicines. In industrialised countries, one of the main counterfeited class of ... [more ▼]
Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is a permanently growing problem. Control laboratories are constantly analysing counterfeit medicines. In industrialised countries, one of the main counterfeited class of medicines are erectile dysfunction drugs. This paper describes the development and validation of a fast method to detect and quantify the three authorised phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and five analogues. The method is based on the use of a sub-2 microns polar-embedded column with a gradient using acetonitrile as organic modifier and 10 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5) as aqueous component of the mobile phase. The separation was achieved in less than 4.5 min. The method has also been compared to the registered HPLC method for the assay of Viagra® which was considered as the reference method. The method is also compatible with on-line coupling mass spectrometry and will significantly reduce analysis times and solvent consumption. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 118 (13 ULg)
Evaluating the reliability of analytical results using a probability criterion: a Bayesian perspective
Rozet, Eric ; ; Lebrun, Pierre et al
in Analytica Chimica Acta (2011), 705
Methods validation is mandatory in order to assess the fitness of purpose of the developed analytical method. Of core importance at the end of the validation is the evaluation of the reliability of the ... [more ▼]
Methods validation is mandatory in order to assess the fitness of purpose of the developed analytical method. Of core importance at the end of the validation is the evaluation of the reliability of the individual results that will be generated during the routine application of the method. Regulatory guidelines provide a general framework to assess the validity of a method, but none address the issue of results reliability. In this study, a Bayesian approach is proposed to address this concern. Results reliability is defined here as "the probability of an analytical method to provide analytical results within predefined acceptance limits around their reference or conventional true concentration values over a defined concentration range and under given environmental and operating conditions." By providing the minimum reliability probability needed for the subsequent routine application of the method, as well as specifications or acceptance limits , the proposed Bayesian approach provides the effective probability of obtaining reliable future analytical results over the whole concentration range investigated. This is summarized in a single graph: the reliability profile. This Bayesian reliability profile is also compared to two frequentist approaches, the first one derived from the work of Dewé et al. [Dewé W., Govaerts B., Boulanger B., Rozet E., Chiap P., Hubert Ph., Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. 85 (2007) 262-268] and the second proposed by Govaerts et al. [B. Govaerts, W. Dewé, M. Maumy, B. Boulanger, Qual. Reliab. Engng. Int. 24 (2008) 667-680]. Furthermore, to illustrate the applicability of the Bayesian reliability profile, this approach is also applied here to a bioanalytical method dedicated to the determination of ketoglutaric acid (KG) and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in human plasma by SPE-HPLC-UV. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 70 (26 ULg)
A multicentric evaluation of IDMS-traceable creatinine enzymatic assays
; DELANAYE, Pierre ; et al
in Clinica Chimica Acta (2011), 412
Chronic kidney disease definition is based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimations which are derived from creatinine-based equations. The accuracy of GFR estimation is thus largely dependent of ... [more ▼]
Chronic kidney disease definition is based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimations which are derived from creatinine-based equations. The accuracy of GFR estimation is thus largely dependent of those of serum creatinine assays. International recommendations highlight the need for traceable creatinine assays. The French Society of Clinical Biochemistry conducted a study for measuring accuracy of creatinine enzymatic methods. This evaluation involved 25 clinical laboratories. Creatinine was measured in serum pools ranging from 35.9±0.9 μmol/L to 174.5±3.1 μmol/L (IDMS determination) using 12 creatinine enzymatic methods. For all creatinine values greater than 74.4±1.4 μmol/L, the bias and imprecision did not exceed 5% and 5.9%, respectively. For the lowest value (35.9±0.9 μmol/L), the bias ranged from −1.8 to 9.9% (with one exception). At this level, the imprecision ranged from 1.9 to 7.8%. The true performances of the assays (couples of bias and relative standard deviation), were evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations. Most of the assays fall within the maximum Total Error of 12% at all concentrations. This study demonstrates substantial improvements in the calibration, traceability and precision of the enzymatic methods, reaching the NKDEP recommendations. Moreover, most of these assays allowed accurate creatinine measurements for creatinine levels lower than 40 μmol/L. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 35 (2 ULg)
Models to estimate overall analytical measurements uncertainty: assumptions, comparisons and applications
Rozet, Eric ; ; Marini Djang'Eing'A, Roland et al
in Analytica Chimica Acta (2011), 702
Evaluation of analytical results reliability is of core importance as crucial decisions are taken with them. From the various methodologies to evaluate the fitness of purpose of analytical methods ... [more ▼]
Evaluation of analytical results reliability is of core importance as crucial decisions are taken with them. From the various methodologies to evaluate the fitness of purpose of analytical methods, overall measurement uncertainty estimation is more and more applied. Overall measurement uncertainty allows to combine simultaneously the remaining systematic influences to the random sources of uncertainty and allows assessing the reliability of results generated by analytical methods. However there are various interpretations on how to estimate overall measurement uncertainty, and thus various models for estimating it. Each model together with its assumptions has great impacts on the risks to abusively declare that analytical methods are suitable for their intended purpose. This review paper aims at i) summarizing the various models used to estimate overall measurement uncertainty, ii) provide their pros and cons, iii) review the main areas of application and iv) as a conclusion provide some recommendations when evaluating overall measurement uncertainty. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 69 (14 ULg)
Innovative high-performance liquid chromatography method development for the screening of 19 antimalarial drugs based on a generic approach, using design of experiments, independent component analysis and design space
Debrus, Benjamin ; Lebrun, Pierre ; et al
in Journal of Chromatography. A (2011), 1218
An innovative methodology based on design of experiments (DoE), independent component analysis (ICA) and design space (DS) was developed in previous works and was tested out with a mixture of 19 ... [more ▼]
An innovative methodology based on design of experiments (DoE), independent component analysis (ICA) and design space (DS) was developed in previous works and was tested out with a mixture of 19 antimalarial drugs. This global LC method development methodology (i.e. DoE–ICA–DS) was used to optimize the separation of 19 antimalarial drugs to obtain a screening method. DoE–ICA–DS methodology is fully compliant with the current trend of quality by design. DoE was used to define the set of experiments to model the retention times at the beginning, the apex and the end of each peak. Furthermore, ICA was used to numerically separate coeluting peaks and estimate their unbiased retention times. Gradient time, temperature and pH were selected as the factors of a full factorial design. These retention times were modelled by stepwise multiple linear regressions. A recently introduced critical quality attribute, namely the separation criterion (S), was also used to assess the quality of separations rather than using the resolution. Furthermore, the resulting mathematical models were also studied from a chromatographic point of view to understand and investigate the chromatographic behaviour of each compound. Good adequacies were found between the mathematical models and the expected chromatographic behaviours predicted by chromatographic theory. Finally, focusing at quality risk management, the DS was computed as the multidimensional subspace where the probability for the separation criterion to lie in acceptance limits was higher than a defined quality level. The DS was computed propagating the prediction error from the modelled responses to the quality criterion using Monte Carlo simulations. DoE–ICA–DS allowed encountering optimal operating conditions to obtain a robust screening method for the 19 considered antimalarial drugs in the framework of the fight against counterfeit medicines. Moreover and only on the basis of the same data set, a dedicated method for the determination of three antimalarial compounds in a pharmaceutical formulation was optimized to demonstrate both the efficiency and flexibility of the methodology proposed in the present study. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 101 (36 ULg)


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TRESemme 4+4 Thickening Mousse
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The phrase is often attributed to Alexis de Tocqueville, but the real author was the Soviet dictator -- and it wasn't a compliment.
Rick Santorum and the rest of GOP presidential gang all have a man-crush. Considering he was an outright intellectual elitist, a shaggy-haired liberal, and -- horror of horrors -- French, the object of their adoration seems a bit surprising, but the French aristocrat Alexis de Tocqueville and his 1835 United States travelogue, Democracy in America, have surged into national politics this campaign cycle -- often linked to the nascent expression "American exceptionalism."
Across the nation, from Plano, Texas, to Keene, N.H., Santorum has brandished Tocqueville, lecturing on how America got revolution right while France didn't. Last year Gingrich published A Country Like No Other: Why American Exceptionalism Matters, a book overflowing with praise for the Parisian writer. Going further still, the former speaker narrated a 2011 documentary called City Upon a Hill, which is produced by Citizens United (yes, that Citizens United). If you guessed that it leads with Tocqueville, you're right.
The trailer opens like something out of Lord of the Rings: inspirational music, horses galloping through verdant terrain, and the soothing voice of the biggest hobbit of them all -- Gingrich. "During his travels in 1831, French writer Alexis de Tocqueville observed that America was an exceptional nation with a special role to play in human history," he intones. "American exceptionalism has been at the center of our nation's experience for nearly 400 years."
There's only one problem with that: It's not strictly true. Although a superiority complex has long pervaded the national psyche, the expression "American exceptionalism" only became big a few years ago. (In the Federalist Papers, Alexander Hamilton called on Americans to "vindicate the honor of the human race.") What's more, Tocqueville didn't invent the term. Who did? Joseph Stalin.
In the 1920s, the lingering specter of World War I and austere German reparations battered Europe's market-based economy, giving rise to class tension and stark inequality. For worn-down workers, socialism and communism started sounding like pretty good ideas. A world revolution -- indeed, the rise of the proletariat -- seemed possible, and the Communist International was stoked.
But the Americans just wouldn't fall into line. The United States had long since passed the United Kingdom as the world's largest industrial power, but hadn't yet plunged into the Great Depression. To members of the U.S. Communist Party, it was a paradox. Why, in the what appeared to be the purest capitalist Western economy wasn't there any desire for egalitarianism? Had Marx been wrong when he wrote socialism would, inexorably and universally, emerge from the ruins of capitalism?
America's radical left considered the national condition, contrasted it with Europe, and concluded leftism would be a hard sell stateside thanks to characteristics forged along the frontier. Americans were different: individualistic, profit-crazed, broadly middle class, and as tolerant of inequality as they were reverent of economic freedom. The nation had "unlimited reserves of American imperialism," lamented Communist propaganda at the time.
In 1929, Communist leader Jay Lovestone informed Stalin in Moscow that the American proletariat wasn't interested in revolution. Stalin responded by demanding that he end this "heresy of American exceptionalism." And just like that, this expression was born. What Lovestone meant, and how Stalin understood it, however, isn't how Gingrich and Romney (or even Obama) frame it. Neither Lovestone or Stalin felt that the United States was superior to other nations -- actually, the opposite. Stalin "ridiculed" America for its abnormalities, which he cast under the banner of "exceptionalism," Daniel Rodgers, a professor of history at Princeton, said in an interview.
Stalin, to say the least, wasn't happy with Lovestone's news. "Who do you think you are?" he shouted, according to Ted Morgan's biography of Lovestone. "(Leon) Trotsky defied me. Where is he? (Grigory) Zinoviev defied me. Where is he? (Nikolai) Bukharin defied me. Where is he? And you! Who are you? Yes, you will go back to America. But when you get back there, nobody will know you except your wives."
As the Great Depression enveloped the United States, Stalin's argument -- if not his bluster -- seemed well grounded. "Exceptionalism was a disease, a chronic disease," wrote communist S. Milgrom of Chicago in 1930. "The storm of the economic crisis in the United States blew down the house of cards of American exceptionalism," the American Communist Party declared at its convention in April 1930.
Communist leader Jay Lovestone said the American proletariat wasn't interested in revolution. Stalin responded by demanding that he end this "heresy of American exceptionalism."
Of course, the predictions failed: with the help of war, and despite Franklin Roosevelt's new welfare state, the U.S. economy stayed on the capitalist track. As American communism receded, so did talk of exceptionalism in leftist circles. Dismissive references appeared in academic research now and again, but usually in relation to communism's failure in America. Not until the 1980s did it suddenly reemerge, charged with a new connotation of national superiority. According to a Factiva survey, The New York Times was the first mainstream outlet to revive "American exceptionalism," when in 1980 Richard J. Tofel implored Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan to defend this distinctive cultural aesthetic: "As our unquestioned supremacy recedes, we need to decide what "America" means to us, and what it means to the world."
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This is our Cocker Spaniel, Perry Reed. He likes to go to work with me but he says mom works him too hard!
Perry Reed
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says ... on Thursday, Aug 9 at 11:22 PM
Perry Reed such lovable dog!
says ... on Wednesday, Aug 1 at 9:40 AM
loveable n cute
says ... on Wednesday, Aug 1 at 9:37 AM
so cute n a bundle of joy n energy


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Bain Capital Final Bidder in RBI Auction
Report: Elsevier weighs private equity group's $1 billion offer.
Boston-based private equity group Bain Capital is said to be the frontrunner in Reed Elsevier's auction of Reed Business Information.
Last week, private equity group TPG pulled out of the bidding after its investment committee determined the acquisition was too risky, an Independent news report said. With Bain the sole remaining bidder, Elsevier invited private equity group Apollo and a partnership formed by former non-executive director of Reed Elsevier Strauss Zelnick to bid again although the group was said to have dropped out of the auction last month.
Bain's bid, according to the report, is approximately $1 billion—well below the $2 billion valuation of early estimates. "RBI is a good business that is being sold during bad times," DeSilva + Phillips managing partner Reed Phillips told FOLIO:. "The most astounding thing is the price. At the reported level—$1 billion—Bain [would be] getting a real bargain."
Reed's auction of RBI has faced repeated hurdles since the tightening global credit markets reportedly caused one of the banks in the consortium put together by Reed to lend the eventual buyer more than $1 billion in staple financing backed out.
"Unfortunately, they were at least a year behind where they should have been in taking this to market," Oakstreet Media CEO Tom Kemp said. "There were a number of factors, like the global economic recession, that were out of control, but this would have been a difficult sale anyway. It's a business with wonderful, iconic brands, but without an event, trade show portfolio. There aren't many strategic buyers."
Last month, Elsevier named former British construction, facilities management and engineering services firm Taylor Woodrow CEO Ian Smith as its CEO, replacing longtime chief executive Sir Crispin Davis who is expected to step down early next year. Shortly after, global CEO Gerard van de Aast announced plans to step down from the top executive post and from the Reed boards before the end of the year. Keith Jones, who serves as CEO of the U.K. arm of RBI, was to step in as acting global CEO.
RBI publishes a number of trade magazines including Variety and Publishers Weekly.


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Is there such a thing as the Napoleon Complex? And does it apply to Russian President Vladimir Putin and his hunger for power? On the psychology of short stature and leadership. There has been much research into the relationship between height and leadership. Virtually all the research shows that leaders are taller than average. But what about Vladimir Putin?
Is Vladimir Putin a megalomaniac despot or a clever political strategist ? Does President Putin suffer from overconfidence due to a narcissistic personality disorder or is he just standing up for the interests of Russia, and the Russian-speaking minorities in the neighboring countries ? We do not know exactly what goes on in the Putin's mind. Maybe that is just the problem!


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A potpourri of bands and musicians have signed on to raise funds for victims of the Newtown tragedy this weekend at the Ridgefield Playhouse's Hope and Healing Concerts. Saturday will feature Edie Brickell, former Yankee Bernie Williams, Kicking Daisies, Carly and Eliza, Bobby Patlauf and Broadway's Andrea Frierson. On Sunday there's April Kry, Johnny Winter, Ed Kowalczyk from the band Live (pictured, also playing FTC on his own Saturday night), Chris Berardo and the Desperados, O.A.R., Steve Clarke Trio, Wagon Wheel Band and more. Dick Allen II, Poet Laureate for the state of Connecticut will read a poem he wrote about the tragedy, too. All proceeds from both nights will go towards a memorial park to honor the victims and ongoing psychological trauma help for the survivors and first responders.
Concert For Hope and Healing
The Ridgefield Playhouse, 80 East Ridge, Ridgefield. Sat., Jan. 19, 6:30 p.m. & Sun., Jan. 20, 5:30 p.m. $45-$250, $400 for a 2-day ticket. (203) 438-5795. ridgefieldplayhouse.org.


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Bret Stephens writes the Wall Street Journal's "Global View" column. In his September 7 column, Stephens explained why the consequences of an American failure in Afghanistan would be catastrophic for western civilization. "Afghanistan," he wrote, "matters not because that's where 9/11 was conceived. It matters because that's where it was imagined." It was imagined because prior to the U.S. occupation, the Mujahedeen had already -- in their jihadist conception of things -- defeated one of the great super powers, Russia. "Imagine," invites Stephens, "the sorts of notions that would take root in the minds of jihadists -- and the possibilities that would open up to them -- if the U.S. was to withdraw from Afghanistan in its own turn."
I last interviewed Bret a little over a year ago on the seventh anniversary of 9/11, and was grateful for the recent opportunity to engage him further on the issue of Afghanistan. Here's what he had to say.
Berg: How did the Taliban manage to rearm themselves after 9/11 with American and coalition forces fighting them on their own terrain?
Stephens: The Taliban were a relatively weak force until 2006, when they started cutting deals with the Pakistani government of Pervez Musharraf and gaining the sanctuary in Pakistan necessary to sustain their campaigns in Afghanistan. Those noxious habits of deal-making culminated with the Taliban's takeover this spring of the Swat Valley, from which they have only recently been bloodily evicted. Factors within Afghanistan clearly haven't helped. There is, of course, the money that comes from poppies, opium and heroin; there is the dysfunction and corruption of the Afghan government, there is the failure to train and supply an Afghan army and police force of adequate size, and the problem of NATO itself, in which different countries operate under different rules of engagement and don't necessarily contribute much (if anything) to the overall mission. Still, it is a mistake to overstate the strength of the Taliban, or the weakness of our position in Afghanistan. The Taliban are feared but widely detested by Afghans. They are present only in a portion of the country (the so-called Pashtun belt straddling the old Durand Line). Our own casualty rates remain a fraction of what they were in Iraq. We have a proven and recent record of successful counterinsurgency. If this war is going to be lost, it'll be in Washington, not Kabul or Kandahar.
Berg: Does the memory of the Russian quagmire and withdrawal from Afghanistan in the late 80's raise legitimate fears of the same thing happening now to the U.S.?
Stephens: The conditions were very different. The Taliban isn't fielding Stinger missiles supplied by a friendly superpower. The Afghans are mainly with us, if doubtful of our staying power. The U.S. has core strategic interests in Afghanistan, sustained (albeit in a weakening way) by the memory of 9/11. For all our economic trouble, our economy's ability to sustain war is infinitely greater than the Soviet's was. Afghanistan broke the Russian army. By contrast, the experiences of Afghanistan and Iraq have in many ways improved the quality of ours, not least by giving a generation of officers and senior enlisted men invaluable combat and counterinsurgency experience.
Berg: Is the Afghan war winnable? At what price?
Stephens: Of course it's winnable. The price is sustained commitment over many years, with casualties that will be real and heartbreaking but, by any historical measure, relatively trivial. But the war is not winnable if the Taliban sense the U.S. is looking for the exit signs. There is a saying common among Taliban fighters: "The Americans have the watches, but we have the time." I hope President Obama proves them wrong.
Father Thomas Berg is a priest of the Archdiocese of New York and Professor of Moral Theology at St. Joseph's Seminary (Dunwoodie). More of Fr. Berg's publications are available at www.fatherberg.com.


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Churchangel.com makes it easy to add your Church or Christian counseling service to our comprehensive directory
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Churches in Burlington, North Carolina NC by Denomination
Search by denomination:
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North Carolina is located in the Southeastern portion of the United States and is known as the "Tar Heel State." In North Carolina, you will find major cities such as: Charlotte, Greensboro, Raleigh, Winston Salem, Fayetteville, Durham, Kinston, Asheville, Wilmington, High Point, Gastonia, Salisbury. The state of North Carolina has many different elevations, so its climate depends on the area. Church Angel has a huge list of churches in North Carolina that offer various Christian denominations including Methodist, Protestant, Pentecostal, Episcopal, Presbyterian, and many more. Our church directory lists 16750 churches in North Carolina, so there are lots to choose from! We hope that you find a church in NC that meets your needs.
ChurchAngel.com is a directory of churches and Christian counselors that can be searched by city, state, and denomination covering the United States of America and Canada. Our online church directory makes it easy to locate a church that meets your spiritual needs. Find a church near you today!


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Day 2 of New York Fashion Week rolls on. Today, there were new offerings from Thakoon, Richard Chai LOVE, Tadashi Shoji and tons of others. At Creatures of the Wind, the collection had a down home prairie vibe. While at Nicholas K, the clothes were reminiscent of a summer dessert storm. Are we sensing a theme here? Check out those shows, and so so many more, after the jump!
Keep reading »
Zergnet: Simply Irresistible
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EBay announced it is simplifying the checkout process its PayPal payments service uses. Rather than directing online shoppers to a separate PayPal site, they can now complete the process on a merchant's website with the click of an icon that opens a small checkout window. The in-context checkout technique, says EBay, will make shoppers more likely to complete transactions and spur greater PayPal use. The company is now testing the new process with select merchants. The feature will initially be made available to large businesses in the first half of 2014. (Associated Press)(Tech Crunch)(PayPal)
By a vote of 69 to 27, the US Senate passed a bill that would enable sales taxes to be collected from Internet transactions, regardless of where in the United States the seller is based. The Marketplace Fairness Act, which received support from most Democrats and some Republicans, was opposed by hard-line conservatives, states without sales taxes, and antitax activists. The House of Representatives and President Barack Obama will have to approve the measure before it becomes law. Businesses with less than $1 million in online sales would be exempt. Currently, a state can require retailers to collect sales taxes only if it has a store or other physical presence in the state. This exempts Internet-only firms such as eBay and Amazon, which collect taxes only in states where they have offices or distribution centers. (SlashDot)(The Washington Post)(The Wall Street Journal)


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Founded in 1968, Concern Foundation is a pioneer in funding Immunology Research worldwide. As a leading grassroots nonprofit based in Los Angeles, Concern Foundation is committed to funding cancer research scientists to further the advancements that are being made in conquering cancer.
Since 1968, CONCERN FOUNDATION continues to be at the front-lines of cancer research. To stay up-to-date on Concern's events and the latest news and breakthroughs in cancer research, learn more about what we do and the research we fund, and ways you can get involved with Concern, please subscribe to our newsletter.


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You must be disappointed when the FCP X failed to import recordings from Canon XF105. Well, don't blame to the Final Cut Pro X, the "Import from Camera…" option works just like "Log and Transfer". The thing is, even FCP 7 does not work with the Canon XF codec. The XF105 (XF300/XF305) utilizes Canon's XF Codec – a file-based MPEG-2 compression with an MXF File Wrapper that ensures the widest compatibility with existing industry infrastructure, metadata and non-linear editing (NLE) systems. The codec's 4:2:2 color sampling provides ultra-fine transitions in tone and color for maintaining the highest image quality needed for advanced post production processing. If you want to edit with MXF natively, get Adobe Premiere Pro CS5.5...Or convert the Canon MXF to something Final Cut Pro X can edit natively, say Apple ProRes 422 encoded MOV format. Here's a detailed workaround for getting Canon MXF shootings into FCP X.
1. Transfer the .mxf clips to Mac HDD.
2. Get Pavtube HD Video Converter for Mac ($35). Click here to download a trial.
Transcode/Convert Canon XF105 recordings to Apple ProRes 422
Step 1. Launch the Pavtube HD Video Converter. Click "Add" and browse to a Canon .mxf clip and the software will add it to file list. Repeat the operation to load multiple .mxf videos.
Step 2. Click on "Format" and choose "Final Cut Pro >>Apple ProRes 422 (*.mov)".
Step 3. Click "Convert" to start transcoding the Canon XF105 MPEG2 recordings to Apple ProRes /converting .mxf to .mov videos. After conversion click "Open" to find .mov videos.
Some more helpful features of the app:
1. Settings- click to set video resolution(1920x1080/1440x1080/1280x720/720x480), bitrate(from 1Mbps to 20Mbps), frame rate (24p/30p)
2. Editor (next to "Add" icon)- click to set deinterlace, denoise, mute, volume up, trim, crop, etc.
Load/Import converted Canon XF105 footage to Final Cut Pro X
Step 1. Start up Final Cut Pro X, follow "File>>Import>>Files".
Step 2. Browse to the converted .mov video in the "Import Files" window. Press "Open" at the right bottom.
Now the Canon XF105 footage successfully imported to FCP X and you can get down to video editing. Wait- Why is there a Pavtube logo on the screen? Well, this is because I was using a trial version~~~
Useful Tips
- Import footages/videos/projects into Final Cut Pro X without rendering
- Convert MXF video into Apple ProRes 422 codec for editing
- Transcode VIXIA G30 AVCHD to Apple ProRes 422 for Final Cut Pro
- Make Canon XA20 MTS/MP4 compatible with FCP, Premiere Pro and Aperture 3
- How can we convert Canon MXF to FCP 6/7 with multiple audio tracks preserved?
- Sony PMW-400 XAVC to ProRes 422, ProRes 4444 or ProRes 422 Proxy for FCP X editing


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New Year's Memo to Members and Allies
Brett Bursey
SC Progressive Network Director
Over the past many months, right-wing leadership has lost its credibility and momentum, posing opportunities for progressives to make headway organizing on critical issues. Three policy areas that are especially ripe:
Medicaid expansion: We have discussed a primary legislative focus being on the expansion of Medicaid. It is a major battle in the war over the role and size of government. That said, it seems that major players (everybody to the left of the Tea Party) are taking up the call to accept Medicaid expansion. Gov. Nikki Haley will probably lose this fight, but we need to mobilize our members to ensure this happens.
Voting reforms: The Network has promoted a package of voting reforms for the past decade to make voting easier and verifiable. After the long lines to vote in November – which inconvenienced and disenfranchised even some Republicans – the idea of Early Voting Centers (which we championed in 2006) now has bipartisan support. The voting machines we use (and which the Network opposed the purchase of in 2003) are reaching the end of their life span. We have an opportunity to again push for an new voting system that is publicly owned, paper-based, simpler, cheaper and more reliable. The Network has been a major player in South Carolina's voting business, and we need to focus on this.
Ethics reforms: The bipartisan clamor for ethics reform has been driven by indictments and investigations of leading politicians. I have testified before the four different ethics reform committees holding hearings. My main point has been that just because something is legal doesn't make it ethical. Take House Speaker Bobby Harrell's leadership PAC which legally circumvents campaign donation limits.
The other elephant in the room is that money is not speech and corporations are not people. The best these committees may come up with is "transparancy" that lets us know who is buying our elections. It is timely to again raise the concept of publicly financed elections for those who don't want to be bought or sold. Common Cause is joining our call for a pilot program to elect the state Attorney General as a publicly financed candidate. Why should the state's top cop have to take money from the corporations they may be called on to investigate?
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|Glenn Close
Can I be honest? Several of the roles don't even have any lines and the two that do have 2-3 lines each. I am shocked they are seeing on the other coast. Just weird for a co star role.
|Sean Penn
lol.But it said it could be recurring, so maybe that's why. My DD is blonde/blue eyes so didn't expect anything to come of it-----just a great opportunity to meet with head of CBS casting in New York.
|Kevin Bacon
we auditioned in NY on Tues as well - great experience/my daughter really enjoyed her audition. and yes, wonderful opportunity to meet with CBS. So did this book out of LA? Curious if anyone in NY got a callback?
|Sean Penn
I just saw a booking regarding "Young Debbie" for The Millers on Kabookit. Thought you guys might want to know.
|Sean Penn
Strange that they were seeing older girls for a role that was booked by a three year old.
|Johnny Depp
there were multiple roles for diff ages. i believe a baby, 3 and 6-8.
|Glenn Close
Yes as I said up thread two boys (8 & 13) and three girls (1, 3 & 6)
|Sean Penn
well, the little girl who booked is adorable! Congrats to her and the others who book
Are they recasting MiKayla for this show? The breakdown is out and sides went up on Showfax yesterday.
|Nicholas Cage
|Kevin Bacon
Does this replace young Debbie? (The older version). Did that ever cast?
|Johnny Depp
My DD went in for young Debbie a few weeks ago and is now going in for Mikayla on Monday.
|Glenn Close
It's a huge casting for Mik. Goes for a week. We are going too. Some racy sides. Well I think.
Anyone have any idea why they are replacing?
My daughter is self taping for Mikayla, got the notice through her agent. Good luck everyone.
|Sean Penn
What age is the role for Mikayla
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VIENNA, Austria (Bloomberg) -- OPEC bolstered forecasts for the amount of crude it will need to provide this year as the economic recovery stokes global fuel consumption. Iraq, its second-largest member, pumped the most oil since 1980.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, responsible for 40% of the world's oil supply, said its 12 members will need to produce an average of 29.7 MMbbl/d this year, 100,000 bbl/d more than forecast last month. The amount required is about 400,000 bbl/d less than the group said it pumped in February, when output surpassed 30 million a day for the first time since August.
"The global economy will see a gradual recovery in 2014, led by growth acceleration" in developed economies, OPEC's Vienna-based secretariat said in its monthly market report. "A key determinant for this increase in world oil demand will be the pace of growth in the emerging economies."
West Texas Intermediate, the American benchmark crude, advanced to a four-month high of $104.92 a barrel on March 3 amid signs that recovery is gaining momentum in the U.S., the world's largest oil consumer. Prices have subsequently slipped, trading at about $99 a barrel today, amid concern that growth may slow in emerging economies such as China.
Global oil consumption will increase by 1.14 MMbbl/d, or 1.3%, this year to an average of 91.14 million a day, according to OPEC's report. That's 50,000 a day more than the estimate in last month's report.
Iraq's production jumped by 400,000 bbl/d to 3.4 MMbbl/d in February, the highest since 1980, according to OPEC data.
Total OPEC crude production increased by 258,600 bbl/d in February to 30.1 million, the highest level since August, as Iraq compensated for reductions in Libya and Saudi Arabia, the group said, citing data from secondary sources. Group output is in line with its current collective target of 30 MMbbl/d.
Supplies from Saudi Arabia, the world's biggest exporter, declined by 101,900 bbl/d to 9.63 million.
OPEC also raised estimates for supplies from outside the group in 2014, by 30,000 bbl/d. Non-OPEC producers, led by the U.S., Canada and Brazil, will increase production by 1.31 MMbbl/d to 55.49 million a day.
The group will next meet on June 11 in Vienna to discuss output targets.
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1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Barth, Kaspar von
|←Barth, Heinrich
|1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 3
Barth, Kaspar von
|See also Kaspar von Barth on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
BARTH, KASPAR VON (1587-1658), German philologist, was born at Küstrin in the province of Brandenburg on the 21st of June 1587. He was an extremely precocious child, and was looked upon as a marvel of learning. After studying at Gotha, Eisenach, Wittenberg and Jena, he travelled extensively, visiting most of the countries of Europe. Too independent to accept any regular post, he lived alternately at Halle and on his property at Sellerhausen near Leipzig. In 1636, his library and MSS. at Sellerhausen having been destroyed by fire, he removed to the Paulinum at Leipzig, where he died on the 17th of September 1658. Barth was a very voluminous writer; his works, which were the fruits of extensive reading and a retentive memory, are unmethodical and uncritical and marred by want of taste and of clearness. He appears to have been excessively vain and of an unamiable disposition. Of his writings the most important are; Adversaria (1624), a storehouse of miscellaneous learning, dealing not only with classical but also with medieval and modern writers; and commentaries on Claudian (1612, 1650) and Statius (1664).


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West Park, Florida
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2007)
|City of West Park
|Motto: "The City of Positive Progression"
|Coordinates: 25°59′00″N 80°11′11″W / 25.98333°N 80.18639°WCoordinates: 25°59′00″N 80°11′11″W / 25.98333°N 80.18639°W
|United States
|March 1, 2005
|• Type
|• Mayor
|Eric H. Jones, Jr.
|• Total
|2.2 sq mi (5.8 km2)
|• Land
|2.2 sq mi (5.7 km2)
|• Water
|0.08 sq mi (0.2 km2) 2.85%
|Population (2010)
|• Total
|• Density
|6,462/sq mi (2,495.1/km2)
|Time zone
|Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
|• Summer (DST)
|FIPS code
|GNIS feature ID
West Park is a municipality in Broward County, Florida, United States. It was created on March 1, 2005. It is located in the southeastern part of the county and consists of the neighborhoods of Miami Gardens (Broward County), Carver Ranches, Lake Forest and Utopia. A large portion of the city lies west of the city of Pembroke Park, so the new city was called "West Park". With a population of 14,156 as of the 2010 census,[3] the city is bordered by Miami-Dade County on the south, Pembroke Park on the east, Hollywood on the north and Miramar on the west.
The previously unincorporated neighborhoods of West Park embarked on the road to incorporation in 2004, after the Florida Legislature approved House Bill 1491, which provided for an election on November 2, 2004. Following a vote of 3,400 to 956 for incorporation, West Park was on its way to becoming Broward County's 31st city. After the election, residents elected an interim transition committee and held a series of workshops to gain input on the level of municipal-type services to be provided. It was decided that the new municipality would be known as West Park until a consensus was reached on a permanent name.
On March 8, 2005, Eric H. Jones, Jr., was elected Mayor and four Commissioners were elected: Felicia M. Brunson, Thomas W. Dorsett, Sharon Fyffe and Rita (Peaches) Mack. They were sworn-in as the municipality's first elected leaders on March 10, 2005, and will guide West Park from an unincorporated area governed by the County to a fully functioning, independent city.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): West Park city, Florida". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
External links[edit]


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CSS has been lacking proper layout mechanisms for far too long. Transitions, animations, filters, all of these are great and useful additions to the language, but they don't address the major problems that Web developers have been complaining about for what seems like an eternity.
Finally, thanks to Flexbox, we have a solution.
This site is not another CSS framework. Instead, its purpose is to showcase problems once hard or impossible to solve with CSS alone, now made trivially easy with Flexbox. And with the recent release of Internet Explorer 11 and Safari 6.1, the latest Flexbox spec is now supported in every modern browser.
Check out the demos below. View the styles in the Web inspector or dive into the source to see just how easy CSS layout will become once Flexbox becomes mainstream.
Better, Simpler Grids
Flexbox gives us most of the features we want from a grid system out of the box. And sizing and alignment are just one or two properties away.
The Media Object
Create media objects with fixed or varying figure sizes without worrying about overflow, clearfixing, or block formatting context hacks.
Input Add-ons
Creating full-width, fluid input/button pairs has been impossible for most of the history of CSS. With Flexbox it couldn't be easier.
Sticky Footer
Getting your footer to stick to the bottom of sparsely contented pages has always been tricky. And if the footer's height is unknown, it's basically impossible. Not so anymore.
Holy Grail Layout
This classic problem has been challenging CSS hackers for years, yet none of the historical solutions have fully solved it. With Flexbox, it's finally possible.
Vertical Centering
A lack of proper vertical centering has been the butt of almost every CSS joke ever told. While it's technically always been mostly possible, it's never been very intuitive — until now.
Browser Support
Caveats and Known Issues
- IE 10 has Flexbox support but for a draft version of the current spec: (
- Safari 6 and earlier support the original Flexbox syntax, which is now obsolete: (
- Firefox 27 and earlier do not support multi-line flexboxes. See this bug for more details.
- For a full browser support comparison, check out caniuse.com/flexbox
About the Code
In addition to showcasing the power of Flexbox, this site also aims to be an example of modern CSS design and architectural practices. Namely modular, reusable style rules built on a predictable and testable naming convention.
All of the CSS code in these examples make use of the SUIT naming conventions developed by Nicolas Gallagher and are based on OOCSS and BEM methodologies. Each example includes one or more reuseable CSS components allowing you to adapt or copy these patterns in to your own projects. Links are provided to their respective components on each example page.
This site also uses the excellent autoprefixer library by Andrey Sitnik, which takes care of vendor prefixing the CSS, so you don't have to think about it.
If you find a mistake or would like to suggest an additional example, feel free to open an issue or submit a pull request on Github.


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As Colonial forces assist civilian teams gathering food on the algae planet, Starbuck and Apollo enjoy a liaison behind the backs of their spouses, Anders and Dualla. When Apollo suggests that they each get divorced, however, Starbuck refuses. She doesn't mind bending the rules of marriage, but she believes that divorce is sacrilegious. Because Apollo thinks that secretive cheating is equally wrong, they're at an impasse.
Tyrol, meanwhile, feels an inexplicable inspiration to leave the algae worksite and hike alone over the scrubby hills to a strange rock structure. Inside it, he discovers the lost, ancient Temple of Five, where the Eye of Jupiter-- a mysterious object that points the way to Earth-- is supposedly hidden.
Before the humans can find the Eye, however, four Cylon baseships arrive. Baltar and D'Anna, also inspired by potentially divine means, have guided their fleet here, and they want the Eye for themselves. After the rest of the human fleet Jumps to safety, the Galactica hosts D'Anna, Boomer, Cavil, and Baltar for negotiations. There, Boomer tells her counterpart, Athena, that Athena's daughter, Hera, is alive in the Cylon fleet-- revealing that Roslin lied about her death. Adama shuts down the negotiations by declaring that if the Cylons make any aggressive moves, he'll launch nuclear strikes on the planet so that no one can have the Eye.
Secretly, however, D'Anna has already sneaked a Centurion raiding party onto the planet's surface, the moment her fleet arrived in the system. Speculating that just such an ambush is possible, Apollo mobilizes his people on the ground to defend the Temple-- or destroy it, if they must. Even though he already guesses the truth about Apollo and Starbuck's affair, Anders grudgingly helps Apollo organize the civilians into a fighting force.
Then they receive an urgent message from Starbuck in her Raptor: she has spotted the raiding party of Centurions headed their way. Before she can say more, the Centurions shoot her down. Frantic to rescue her, Anders tries to leave the Temple, but Apollo can't spare the personnel and refuses to let him go.
Hemmed in by growing threats from all sides-- and from above-- the two men's furious standoff is only the prelude to a much bigger fight. Worse, aboard the Galactica, Gaeta discovers that the planet's sun is poised on the brink of a supernova. It could explode at any moment, with enough fury to vaporize humans, Cylons-- and the entire solar system.
written by
directed by
Sometimes what seems easy is actually hardness in disguise as Ty renounces his God spirit and becomes mortal.
Its Loki to the rescue as Mike narrowly escapes being killed by a crossbow-wielding, scripture-quoting God hunter.
Starting January 15, Smackdown moves to Thursdays at 8/7c.


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About this title: Written with elegance, warmth, and humor, this highly original "teaching memoir" by William Zinsser--renowned bestselling author of "On Writing Well" gives you the tools to organize and recover your past, and the confidence to believe in your life narrative. His method is to take you on a memoir of his own: 13 chapters in which he recalls dramatic, amusing, and often surprising moments in his long and varied life as a writer, editor, teacher, and traveler. Along the way, Zinsser pauses to explain the technical decisions he ...
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Conditioning for Competition
Does Your Horse Get a Holiday?
Do your horses get "vacations," and what are they up to this December?
Photo by Alexandra Beckstett, The Horse Managing Editor
'Some Horses Just Don't Know They're Old...'
How do you balance your old horse's work load with his physical limitations?
Photo by iStock
Training on the Trail
Do you train your horse while you're out for a hack?
Does Your Horse Get a Holiday?
December 25, 2014
Do your horses get "vacations," and what are they up to this December?... Read More
'Some Horses Just Don't Know They're Old...'
December 23, 2014
How do you balance your old horse's work load with his physical limitations?... Read More
Training on the Trail
October 02, 2014
Do you train your horse while you're out for a hack?... Read More
WEG Reflections: Rehomed Horses Shine
October 01, 2014
Horses cast from other careers competed and entertained at the 2014 World Equestrian Games.... Read More
Spanish Riding School Debuts Arena with Mobile Roof
October 01, 2014
The Summer Riding Arena's mobile roof construction enables riders to train their stallions in the fresh air year-round.... Read More
An Introduction to Equitation Science
September 22, 2014
Join acclaimed equitation scientists to find out how this field of study can improve you and your horse's relationship.... Read More
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Obesity
September 08, 2014
Researchers went looking for the cause of Great Britain's growing equine obesity problem. Here's what they found.... Read More
For Want of a 12-Foot Stride
August 18, 2014
How have you handled a horse with a short stride?... Read More
Infographic: Basic Principles of Conditioning
August 15, 2014
Learn how to safely take your horse from flabby to fit step-by-step with our visual guide.... Read More
Just Because They Can Doesn't Mean They Should
August 12, 2014
Sometimes it's better to scale back an older horse's athletic endeavors than risk an injury. ... Read More
Selecting a Round Pen
August 07, 2014
Here are some design and placement considerations.... Read More
How Do You Prevent a Horse from Getting Arthritis?
August 01, 2014
Dr. Bryant Craig shares steps to prevent arthritis in the athletic horse. (00:02:06)... Read More
Cross-Training Sport Horses for Body and Mind
July 31, 2014
Cross-training is a "central pillar" to athletic success and longevity, one veterinarian says. Learn why.... Read More
Top 5 Endurance Horse Health Issues
July 23, 2014
From tendon injuries to backs that radiate heat--learn the most common health problems endurance horses face.... Read More
Equine Life Stages: Adult Horses
July 14, 2014
Learn how to keep adult horses healthy during the prime of their lives. ... Read More
Back to Work after Summer Vacation
July 10, 2014
What tips do you have for bringing an aging horse back into an exercise program?... Read More
Trotting Over Poles Can Have Exercise, Therapeutic Benefits
July 03, 2014
Trotting over poles helps increase joints' range of motion and could benefit horses recovering from lameness.... Read More
When the Horse Owner Goes Lame
June 17, 2014
Have you ever sustained an injury that kept you away from your horses? How did you cope?... Read More
What Makes Horses More or Less Likely to Miss Training Days?
June 17, 2014
Factors such as the animal's history appear to make horses more or less likely to miss training days.... Read More
Online Equine Exercise Physiology Course Offered
May 04, 2014
The course is designed to teach students about the physiologic pathways important to equine performance.... Read More
Senior Horse Superstar Spotlight: 2014 Rolex Competitors
April 29, 2014
Meet the horses approaching senior status that contested this year's Rolex Kentucky Three-Day Event.... Read More
Rolex Kentucky: Lynn Symansky on Post-Cross-Country Care
April 26, 2014
At the Rolex Ride the Course press event, Lynn Symansky shares how riders care for horses after cross-country.... Read More
Rolex from a Different View
April 25, 2014
Join The Horse's Editor-in-Chief Stephanie Church as she takes a ride around the Rolex course.... Read More
10 Resources on Maintaining Performance Horse Health
April 24, 2014
Learn about management techniques and training protocols owners can use to give their horses the extra edge.... Read More
Rehabilitating Senior Horses from Injuries
April 22, 2014
Have you brought an older horse back to work after an injury?... Read More


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|20 Years of Clean Audits for WCLS
A letter from Washington State Auditor Brian Sonntag was read to the Whatcom County Library System's (WCLS) Board of Trustees at their December 13 meeting by Felicia Den Adel, Assistant Audit Manager...
for Team Bellingham. The letter congratulates WCLS on its exemplary record of no audit findings in the last twenty years.
From the Auditor's letter: "This accomplishment reflects the dedication of the District and the staff to strong oversight of operations, good internal controls and accurate financial reporting... Our office views the relationship with the District as a model for other entities in our state."
Library Director Joan Airoldi also recognized the work of library staff for the clean audits. "Thanks go to Kyle Teeter, our Administrative Services Manager, for bringing his expertise and background in the auditing process to WCLS during complex times. His proactive work has been crucial to this process," said Airoldi.
"Also, I want to fondly remember and thank Kathryn Frank who set the course for WCLS fiscal management for many years and upon whose shoulders this award stands," continued Airoldi. Ms. Frank, who passed away in 2010, served 26 years as the Administrative Services Manager for WCLS from 1979 through 2005.
Founded in 1944, Whatcom County Library System envisions a future in which the curiosity of each generation flourishes and where our communities cannot imagine a world without their libraries. WCLS - the best place to begin!Photo-above right: Library System receives State Auditor letter of congratulations for 20 years of audits with no findings. Pictured l to r, Felicia Den Adel, Assistant Audit Manager for Team Bellingham, State Auditor's Office; Deborah Lambert, Chair, WCLS Board of Trustees; Joan Airoldi, Library Director; Kyle Teeter, Administrative Services Manager.


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post557637913559183830..comments2014-12-19T02:30:48.869-05:00Comments on The Panopticon: Portrait of a Photo ShootFranklinhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-22909716309179460452011-12-03T04:41:12.444-05:002011-12-03T04:41:12.444-05:00It can't work as a matter of fact, that's ...It can't work as a matter of fact, that's exactly what I consider.www.vizcaya-3d.comhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-16249149831125436632007-09-01T17:19:00.000-04:002007-09-01T17:19:00.000-04:00That is SO funny that you'd say that about the jok...That is SO funny that you'd say that about the jokes by her parents not getting any better as she gets older. My oldest daughter hasn't enjoyed my husband and my sense of humor since the day she graced us with her presence. I try to withhold it when friends come over =) Beautiful portraits!Carriehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-84832753894487517362007-08-30T20:10:00.000-04:002007-08-30T20:10:00.000-04:00That last shot is the shot. That's the photo with ...That last shot is the shot. That's the photo with the story in it. Nice work.goblinboxhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-39517960782989069952007-08-30T13:37:00.000-04:002007-08-30T13:37:00.000-04:00I like the picture of their hands best of all. No...I like the picture of their hands best of all.

Now then, we sure could have used you at the last two shows my DD rode in (and was thrown off in both). Although, to be honest, I'm not entirely sure that I really want a picture of that!DianeShttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-793015855323730682007-08-28T16:39:00.000-04:002007-08-28T16:39:00.000-04:00She is adorable and I love the "misfire"She is adorable and I love the "misfire"Michellehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-36675274361002987932007-08-28T15:47:00.000-04:002007-08-28T15:47:00.000-04:00Those pictures and your family are amazing!Those pictures and your family are amazing!Gryffinhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-4404694399058081982007-08-28T15:30:00.000-04:002007-08-28T15:30:00.000-04:00Well Uncle Franklin you sound absolutely smitten. ...Well Uncle Franklin you sound absolutely smitten. Having become a Mum recently I completely understand. Great photos too.Tusahttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-69224105869918003162007-08-28T14:36:00.000-04:002007-08-28T14:36:00.000-04:00Franklin, are you OK? Did you and yours come throu...Franklin, are you OK? Did you and yours come through the storm all right?

When you get power back, let us know how you fared.KarenJoSeattlehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-60405659279538055942007-08-28T13:58:00.000-04:002007-08-28T13:58:00.000-04:00wow they are great but my favourites just have to ...wow they are great but my favourites just have to be the hands picture I love love LOVE shots like that!! the bottom one is just great, so naturalLothlorianhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-72232495955985742332007-08-28T12:57:00.000-04:002007-08-28T12:57:00.000-04:00Franklin, I love love love your blog... I knit you...Franklin, I love love love your blog... I knit your baby sweater and can't wait to give it in November and I want to nominate you for the Rocking GUY blogger award!! Details here and here... thanks for all you do :)Jennyhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-38807206586774317152007-08-28T09:41:00.000-04:002007-08-28T09:41:00.000-04:00Looks like she's waiting for them to fill her in o...Looks like she's waiting for them to fill her in on the joke, that little frown.
You have a wonderful talent, Franklin.Barbara from Nova Scotiahttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-64607947543426289632007-08-28T05:22:00.000-04:002007-08-28T05:22:00.000-04:00They are all so beautiful! The last one is really ...They are all so beautiful! The last one is really special though - the thoughtful expression on the baby´s face and the mothers beautiful smile are a winning combination!Harpa Jhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-70247443186871943142007-08-28T02:24:00.000-04:002007-08-28T02:24:00.000-04:00The photo with the hands is my very favorite. Lov...The photo with the hands is my very favorite. Lovely work.Knitting Painter Womanhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-86967145947646780852007-08-28T00:10:00.000-04:002007-08-28T00:10:00.000-04:00I think that a baby resting on its father's prone ...I think that a baby resting on its father's prone chest is the dearest sight in the world. Thank firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-3971649156447564602007-08-27T23:24:00.000-04:002007-08-27T23:24:00.000-04:00You have such an eye, dear Franklin! I am absolute...You have such an eye, dear Franklin! I am absolutely GREEN at your skills! Sure wish it could be taught....

I too, love each and every one of the photos!! And she just keeps getting cuter and cuter ;) Mommy and Daddy ain't too shabby either -- but then with a beauty like that it would be surprising if they were!

And I have a sneaking suspicion that Uncle Franklin will very quickly become one of Abby's most favorite people in the world -- and I say that even if she grows up to hate shoes -- as I do.

You are one very special person in the eyes of a great many people, just in case you don't already know it, and one need not look too hard to see the wisdom in the eyes of that beautiful child.
/sentimental posting off~~Knitting Addict~~http://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-20898945038316170452007-08-27T21:00:00.000-04:002007-08-27T21:00:00.000-04:00Those last two pictures are absolutely adorable! ...Those last two pictures are absolutely adorable! And although the last one is great, in the next to the last, she is looking straight at you, like she's about to squeal "Uncle Franklin!" So cute!jannahttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-47393985495623466612007-08-27T17:12:00.000-04:002007-08-27T17:12:00.000-04:00I love that last look, it says "Seriously...THESE...I love that last look, it says "Seriously...THESE are the people who are supposed to keep me alive?"Stephaniehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-45581260700019992292007-08-27T16:54:00.000-04:002007-08-27T16:54:00.000-04:00NICE! The second, third, and forth shots are stand...NICE! The second, third, and forth shots are standouts. After seeing your work for a coupla years now, maybe you should think about us at T:email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-76671532774849808252007-08-27T16:24:00.000-04:002007-08-27T16:24:00.000-04:00She looks rather poised. Almost Victorian.Is half...She looks rather poised. Almost Victorian.

Is half a WASP a WA?Davidhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-38441836698339358542007-08-27T15:57:00.000-04:002007-08-27T15:57:00.000-04:00Wait. Did you say you shoot rodeo? I wanna see!Wait. Did you say you shoot rodeo? I wanna see!Anna-Lizahttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-44487503548417690412007-08-27T14:22:00.000-04:002007-08-27T14:22:00.000-04:00I am awed. Beautiful family and so lucky and bles...I am awed. Beautiful family and so lucky and blessed to have someone willing to take non-traditional photos! I am sure they will always be cherished.

And, in the last photo, darling Abigail is saying "shopping? did someone say shopping?"Mary Lynnhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-46646417449321033552007-08-27T12:52:00.000-04:002007-08-27T12:52:00.000-04:00What a beautiful baby! And what lovely pictures......What a beautiful baby! And what lovely pictures...you've really captured so much love in firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-63387776936692533872007-08-27T12:35:00.000-04:002007-08-27T12:35:00.000-04:00Franklin, thank you for being so willing to share ...Franklin, thank you for being so willing to share your self through your blog. I read it every day, and enjoy it greatly. I love the photos of Abigail with her parents, and that last image is the best one, IMHO. FionaFehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-84930645268882530232007-08-27T11:59:00.000-04:002007-08-27T11:59:00.000-04:00Lordy, she's terribly cute. She can stop at my ho...Lordy, she's terribly cute. She can stop at my house on the way to yours. Just for a moment. Just so I can get a snuggle in and smell the baby smell in her hair. Thanks for sharing. :)Yvonnehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-10901468.post-81520707218076425512007-08-27T11:32:00.000-04:002007-08-27T11:32:00.000-04:00One of my favorite pictures of my daughter as a ba...One of my favorite pictures of my daughter as a baby happened when the photographer shot a couple of unplanned pix to finish off the roll: it's a "portrait" of her chubby little feet on an antique bedspread spread out under a tree.

Your photos are wonderful.

email@example.com


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Ikat Paisley Print Ruched Neck Tank Dress
Ikat Paisley Print Ruched Neck Tank Dress
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Semantic Search is relatively misunderstood. It would seem that after authoring "The Definition of Semantic Search" there wouldn't be such great debate. This is how the web works though you see, no matter how many times the truth is written, there will still be people with questions.
Is this why Google devised from a Boolean Search Engine to a Semantic Search engine? Probably not, but the simple mindedness of the human race probably is.
As a colleague and Social Media acquaintance — the forensic scientist of Semantic Search — Mr. David Amerland, David has given me more insight toward wanting to further study Semantic Search through the Semantic Web and with this article, I would like to further elaborate upon how to optimize your content and blog, for Semantic Search.
Before moving forward, I dedicate this article to David Amerland:
After recently publishing a viral piece on the subject of Semantic Search, it has inspired me to further study Semantics. Before I attempt to enlighten you on how to optimize for semantic search — I feel I should first explain some things, such as the difference between Semantic Search and Semantic Web.
We don't want to confuse the two nor do we want to think they're the same. Gaining a more clear understanding will help you to better understand how search works and assure you that your content is getting in front of the eyes of a relevant audience.
Semantic Web
The idea behind Semantic Web (brief idea): helping the average searcher to clearly understanding the wholeness of a search engine report page, as opposed to just the structure of a search engine such as Google. After studying a little bit from the Cambridge Semantics reports, it seems that Semantic Web is understanding more than one set of data (small or large) that is storing, and or giving information.
Semantic Web can also be looked at as an algorithmic filter in which doesn't pull one piece of data from one page. Semantic Web is created via pulling small sets of data from many pages, to compile one complex (or small) answer.
Semantic Search
Some data normally includes textual content such as names, dates and strings. These textual sets can provide enough information to answer questions or provide a "meaning" of something and this meaning can often compile answers to very complex questions.
- Semantic Search is more textual focused.
- Semantic Web is more data focused.
What makes Semantic Search so interesting to me is the fact that Semantic Search pulls the whole of a data or information from a page, rather than focusing on keyword density. Remember when you could keyword spam an article and increase your keyword density — and easily rank for any search term you wanted to?
Those days are long gone, thanks to Semantic Search. Nowadays instead on focusing on the keyword density of just one page, Google wants to make sure that the entire site is relatively relevant to your main keywords, prior to positioning your site at the top of Google for irrelevant terms.
This helps Google to serve more relevant pages with higher quality content.
The Simplistic Nature of it all:
Semantic Search will take into account the contextual meaning of your search. Instead of Google returning listings that contain the keyword you've just typed into Google, Google will now be able to better understand what it is you're looking for. Google can now more clearly understand assumptions, needs, desires, wants, questions, demands, etc.
Did this Help You To Better Understand?
I hope that the above examples helped you to more clearly understand the difference from Semantic Search and Semantic Web and gain a more clear understanding of the two and how they both work.
Now let's try and understand how we can use the two to Optimize our content and rank better in the new Google. Sound like fun?
Instead of using keywords to rank, we will now want to start looking for and implementing supporting search terms, search modifiers, and synonyms for the terms you have in mind.
To start optimizing for Semantic Search your goals should be to use those in the context of your content, h1 , h2, h3 and other tags, as well as your title.
Your content should be long-form. Long-form content is lengthy content. The more in-depth and lengthy your content is, the better chance it has to compete in search nowadays.
The longer your content, the longer your visitor will have to remain on your web page and etc. Long form content has so many benefits, not to mention a much better chance of ranking well for "in-depth articles".
Optimizing Images For Semantic Search:
To optimize your images for Semantic Search, you should include an alt tag the same as you would when optimizing an image for search any other time. Only when optimizing for Semantic Search, try to include more synonyms and more key phrases.
Semantic Search is all about providing a "meaning" for something.
How To Optimize For Semantic Search
Now that we've gotten that out of the way, let's continue to focus on our content marketing and in 2014 start creating a much better quality content. I see so many of you guys suffering to leverage the success you aim for, while all along it's right in front of you.
While writing, never stop to think about what you're writing or when you will stop. Continue writing and don't ever think about stopping. When you have thousands of words written down, that and that only is a good time to stop and reread what you've written and then and only then if you're comfortable, go ahead with editing.
[Tweet "How to optimize your content for semantic search! via @gregrysmith"]
In Conclusion
Please let me know if you have any questions about Semantic Search. I would like to hear what you have to say in the comments section below. Feel free to help me to spread the word about Semantic Search by clicking the social buttons and sharing this post with your friends!
I plan to continue following and studying David throughout his journey deep within Semantics.
Thank you David


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Archinect - News 2014-12-21T13:09:23-05:00 http://archinect.com/news/article/108318603/a-resonant-tabernacle A resonant tabernacle Nam Henderson 2014-09-06T12:02:00-04:00 >2014-09-06T15:22:18-04:00
the Integratron is a sort of time machine, or at least a time capsule. It is an immaculately preserved artifact of midcentury modernist design, and a totem of 1950s U.F.O.-ology culture — the mixture of Cold War paranoia and occult spirituality that drew true believers to remote reaches of the Desert Southwest in search of flying saucers and free-floating enlightenment.

Judy Rosen reports on a visit to Landers, California in the southeastern corner of the Mojave Desert. There she finds a place of spiritual healing and musical sound baths, designed by an extraterrestrial architectural patron.
 http://archinect.com/news/article/79595678/buckminster-fuller-s-gold-dome-to-be-preserved Buckminster Fuller's Gold Dome to be preserved Archinect 2013-08-16T11:07:00-04:00 >2013-08-19T19:31:24-04:00
The Gold Dome building based on Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome will be preserved. TEEMCO, an Oklahoma-based environmental professional engineering firm has purchased the architecturally historic Gold Dome building located on legendary Route 66. As one of the first geodesic domes in the world, the Gold Dome is listed on the National Registry of Historic Places.

 It was a dome of many firsts: the first dome to have a gold-anodized aluminum roof, the first above-ground geodesic dome, and the first Kaiser Aluminum dome used as a bank. Due to these forward thinking attributes, the building was billed as the "Bank of Tomorrow."
 http://archinect.com/news/article/59172769/poised-for-a-comeback-danish-architects-reinvent-the-geodesic-dome Poised For A Comeback? Danish Architects Reinvent The Geodesic Dome Archinect 2012-10-12T19:11:00-04:00 >2012-10-18T00:14:25-04:00
In 2011, Tejlgaard built a plywood dome for Denmark's famed Roskilde Festival (think Scandinavian Coachella) that became the hit of the event. This year, he and Jepsen were invited to build a pavilion to house attendees of Folkemødet, an annual town hall–esque gathering of Danish politicians and voters meant to generate national dialogue. Given the optimism of the event, the duo decided to test a new type of exploded geodesic dome--an icon of optimistic architecture if ever there was one.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <meta> http://archinect.com/news/article/58165480/dror-s-vision-for-havvada Dror's Vision for HavvAda Archinect 2012-09-28T13:00:00-04:00 >2012-10-03T19:16:04-04:00
 New York firm Dror today unveiled designs for a collosal artificial island to be created right off the coast of Turkey, not far from Istanbul. The project, dubbed HavvAda, is envisioned to rise from the sea by piling up one billion cubic meter of soil carved out of the main land from the construction of the proposed Canal Istanbul, another ambitious mega project currently proposed to run parallel to the Bosporus. Inspired by Buckminster Fuller, six gigantic geodesic domes will lift up artificial hills on the island which will be covered with residences and commercial buildings for a population of several hundred thousand people.

 Find a detailed project description and images courtesy of Dror below.

 A century after the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed; Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan presents the Canal Istanbul project and offers to re-visit the map of the city. One billion cubic meter of soil may be carved out of the main land in order to create the canal. Turkish deve...
 http://archinect.com/news/article/45701377/a-ball-by-donovan-ballantyne (a) Ball by Donovan Ballantyne Alexander Walter 2012-04-20T20:04:00-04:00 >2012-04-27T13:38:01-04:00
Los Angeles architect Donovan Ballantyne has shared with us his thesis project project (a) Ball, a rather unique take on the geodesic dome concept. Along with the SCI-Arc Selected Thesis Award, this project has been selected as an Exhibit Finalist to have a portion of it fabricated for suckerPUNCH's Land of Tomorrow exhibition, and it was also nominated as a Co-Finalist for HD Magazine's Annual Design Awards.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <meta>


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Web Id: P000185578
These sporty walking shoes feature a comfortable sling back design with an ankle buckle closure, a 1-inch heel and leather upper with contrast stitching.
Bealls is a privately held company, rich in tradition, owned by the founding family and its employees. Founded in 1915, Bealls Department Stores now operates 80 store locations in the state of Florida in addition to BeallsFlorida.com. Bealls Department Stores and BeallsFlorida.com are owned and operated by Beall's Department Stores, Inc and Beall's Westgate Corporation.
Copyright 2014 Bealls, Inc. All rights reserved.