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CIRCLE: Can Romney Draw Youth Support?
Four percent of eligible Florida voters under the age of 30 participated in last night's primary, according to preliminary analysis by the Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning & Engagement (CIRCLE), and they voted for former Gov. Mitt Romney ahead of Rep. Ron Paul by a margin of 16 percentage points – even though youth were Romney's weakest age group and Paul drew almost four times as many young voters as he did in the 2008 primary.
The youth turnout, at 4%, was higher than it had been in 2004, the last time only one party held a contested Florida primary. Recent years in which both the Republicans and the Democrats held competitive races in Florida, 2000 and 2008, youth turned out at a rate of 4% and 13%, respectively.
Because of a lack of available data, the CIRCLE turnout estimates do not include young people who participated in Florida's uncontested Democratic primary.


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COVENTRY— Three students from The Kelly School of Irish Dance are gearing up to travel overseas to compete against multiple countries during the annual World Irish Dance (WIDA) Association world championship.
Meghan Kelly, owner and instructor of the studio, explained that Claire Jalbert, 13, Megan Quirk, 16 and Emily Pietrantozzi, 14, will be competing in the championship on April 19 and 20 in Germany.
"We're leaving Monday, April 14 because we're stopping in Dublin, Ireland first so we can go around and give the girls a tour of the area then we'll be traveling to Germany," she explained.
Jalbert and Quirk both qualified for the world championship after winning an array of awards during the Southern California Open Feis in October.
Quirk, who competed in seven competitions in California, took home six first place awards, one third place award and came in first overall in her division—under 26.
For the full story please purchase a copy of the Times!

subset: commoncrawl


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Brad's passion for art started as a child and continues to grow. From painting surfboards, to commercial signage design, to now owning his own gallery with an established and growing following, his beautiful photography and artwork is in demand. Brad's artwork captures vivid sunsets, landscapes, oceanscapes, wave images and light which draws you in.
Brad Styron's work has been published in numerous
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He continually searches and tries to capture the perfect wave and sunset!
All photography and images on this web site are Copyright © Brad Styron 2013 All rights reserved.


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Last weekend in New York City, the Czech Center held the 15th edition of its annual Czech Street Festival. And unlike certain other street fairs better left unnamed, this one was actually interesting.
Category Archives: Czech Cuisine
Restaurant Review: Bohemian Hall & Beer Garden
A note about my restaurant reviews: New York City counts many Eastern European restaurants scattered across the five boroughs, most of them ignored by restaurant critics and diners alike. I intend to visit as many as I can and report!
The Bohemian Hall, in Astoria, is New York's oldest beer garden. It was established in 1910, and is not to be confused with the Bohemian National Hall on the Upper East Side. The latter delivers culture, served as the venue for a celebration of the 70th birthday of Václav Havel, and hosts the best Czech restaurant in town; the former delivers… beer. Although it does boast a lime tree planted by the same Václav Havel, according to wikipedia. You'll have to read on to find out about the food.
Red Alert: Alternative Schnitzels
Red Alert! Random Eastern European dishes are invading our streets and restaurants! Should you duck and cover, or welcome the enemy?
Zagat says alternative schnitzels are trendy in NYC. For proof, the duck schnitzel at The Marrow:
When Harold Dieterle reached for his mallet at newly opened West Village joint The Marrow, he didn't start hammering veal or pork into a thin patty. Instead he reached for some duck, taking a dish that doesn't vary much from restaurant to restaurant and making it into something exciting again. His version of this Austrian comfort food is served with quark spaetzle, hazlenuts, cucumber-potato salad and stewed wolfberries. The dish is at once different and familiar, providing a fresh take on a plate that can easily feel tired.
Restaurant Review: Koliba
A note about my restaurant reviews: New York City counts many Eastern European restaurants scattered across the five boroughs, most of them ignored by restaurant critics and diners alike. I intend to visit as many as I can and report!
Koliba, which means chalet in Slovak, is located in Astoria, not too far from the Bohemian Hall and Beer Garden. And as you can see from the frontage, it bears the peculiarity of serving cuisine from a country that no longer exists, and even brags about it on its web site — look at that beautiful Czechoslovakia in red on the map!
The interior is decorated like a hunting lodge, with stuffed animal heads, antlers and hatchets. You'll find more (and better) pictures on their web site, too. And while you're there, you might as well make yourself acquainted with the rules of the house. My favorite: "Take out orders are charged extra. Prices are subject to change without notice."
The menu, of reasonable length, lists many Czech and Slovak classics: beef stews, pork roasts, schnitzels, dumplings, halušky (Slovak spaetzle), klobasa (sausage). Before ordering, keep in mind that the portions are really huge. Judge for yourself from the pictures below, but most dishes are about double the "normal" size.
The grilled sausage was smoky and juicy, as good Czech sausage usually is. I actually wonder if Czech restaurants make their own or order them from a butcher — I would think the latter, which is fine by me.
The langos arrived on a plate so large that it couldn't fit entirely in the picture! It wasn't bad, but the dough was a bit bland, with too much garlic and too much cheese. I would have preferred less cheese, but slightly melted.
The combination pork platter consisted of roasted loin of pork and smoked pork with red cabbage (lots of it) with an order of bread dumplings on the side. The roasted pork certainly didn't look like loin to me, but all the meat was properly cooked and tender. The traditional dumplings played their sauce-mopping role to perfection.
The pork schnitzel (or schnitzels rather, since one portion includes two generous pieces) looked a lot like a chicken schnitzel, but was bland enough that we might never find out the truth. As is often the problem with schnitzels, it was rather dry. The dish could be significantly improved simply by adding some butter while frying, and serving it with an egg on top, and I don't care if it's not "the way it's served in Czechoslovakia"! At least the fries were crispy. As for the under-ripe tomato and other tired vegetables, I'd like to shake the hand of a diner who actually eats them all.
The halušky, potato spaetzle with sheep's milk cheese and bacon, were borderline inedible. First, the spaetzle looked liked giant greenish-greyish gnocchi and tasted rubbery and undercooked. Then there was the monstrous cheese sauce. Sure, it looks close enough to the reference picture on Wikipedia, but this is just an illusion. I certainly don't remember eating anything that gross in Slovakia. To be fair, the bacon was good, but this just wasn't enough to redeem the dish in any way.
The leftovers, minus the halušky that went straight to the trash, fed us for another meal and a half. I can only regret the quality didn't always match the quantity. Oh, and if you're one of those individuals with a special dessert pocket, they serve home-made štrúdl and crepes.
Cuisine: Czech and Slovak
Picks: grilled sausage, combination pork platter
Avoid at all costs: halušky
Food: 5 /10
Restaurant Review: Hospoda
A note about my restaurant reviews: New York City counts many Eastern European restaurants scattered across the five boroughs, most of them ignored by restaurant critics and diners alike. I intend to visit as many as I can and report!
In a sleepy corner of the Upper East Side, Czech restaurant Hospoda recently opened on the ground flour of the Bohemian National Hall. And unlike its compatriots (such as the nearly homonymous Bohemian Hall) this is not a beer garden. Far from it, in fact, as I would regard Hospoda as the first attempt at Eastern European fine dining in the city. With the Czech Republic's location in Central Europe, the complete reconstruction that followed independence, and the influx of foreign tourists and investments, it's not surprising that Czech cuisine would be the first of the former communist bloc to recover from half a century of culinary deprivation — the first restaurant in Eastern Europe to receive a Michelin star is in Prague, never mind that it serves Italian cuisine.
Hospoda means "pub" in Czech, and the place takes its beer very seriously. Only Pilsner Urquell is served on tap, but in four different styles. Beer kegs occupy all of the bar counter, and most of the cellar space that you can see through the glass floor in front of it. Although, since I don't know of any truly decent place to have a drink in a 20-street radius (and also because I don't drink beer), I can't help but think that the space would be better utilized as a full bar area with stools.
The menu is a rather short list of smallish plates organized as first and second courses (as I write this review, I see it's been reorganized into 3 sections: Green Market, Chef's and Czech). Small plates doesn't mean three ingredients thrown on a board tapas-style, though. Instead, think of them as dishes sized for a tasting menu, with you deciding how many courses you plan to have. The menu changes regularly and many dishes are still being tweaked. Depending on your perspective, you can either commend the chef's efforts or regret that he doesn't wait until a concept is finished before putting it on the menu.
Before getting to the food, don't miss the homemade raspberry and ginger sodas, which both tasted very fresh:
The meal started with two amuse-bouches: an unexpected beef tartar (I've never seen anybody eating raw meat in Eastern Europe) and toasts of caraway bread with cottage cheese and radish, accompanied by a beer sample.
The duck breast with plums, thyme sour cream and shortbread was very nice and packed a lot of plum flavor, topped with little cubes of stock that melted in your mouth.
The white asparagus composition gathered many classic flavors — mayo, quail egg, mushroom and bacon. Great execution, but it lacked a little something to be really impressive.
The rabbit aspic, covered with apple and cabbage was also well executed but rather boring, partly because I don't really like aspic and I find American farmed rabbit bland.
The potato variation offered 5 different preparations of the tuber with a nice variety of textures (purée, foam, chips, boiled, and roasted), mixed with morels, Brussels sprouts and cottage cheese. Although the potatoes tasted very good, some of them lacked salt, and I'd say that overall the dish lacked fat: whether it's olive oil, butter, lard, or bacon I'm expecting a certain level of grease with my potatoes. I would have made the potato purée with a lot more butter, for example.
The Prague-style ham with its thick horseradish foam and assortment of expertly picked vegetables was the turning point where the food went from very good to excellent. The salty, smoky meat melted in my mouth and was perfectly balanced by the horseradish.
The beef oyster blade with its creamy horseradish sauce and barley dumplings demonstrated the same qualities. The delicious slice of meat (that you may know as the flat iron steak in another context) was tasty, and fatty but not overly so. The slightly heavy dumplings were perfect to mop up the thick sauce.
The smoked beef tongue was another melt-in-your-mouth success. I'm not always fond of beef tongue, but this has to be the best one I've ever had. The rich, delicious jus and the pickled onions didn't hurt either. Too bad the yellow pea purée totally lacked salt and tasted rather watery for something that was sold to me as being full of butter.
The lamb leg with lentils was very well cooked and had a good lamby flavor, although as with the pea purée, the lentils lacked salt.
The porcini and egg yolk ravioli — they call them "pasta pockets" — on the other hand, turned out to be problematic. We actually returned the dish because the pasta itself was very undercooked, and the second time around it was still barely cooked but with the egg yolk overcooked. The dish tasted like mushroom but not all that much like porcini (I wonder where they got their porcini from when I've been looking for some without success over the past month), and compared to the big yolk, there wasn't enough mushroom mixture inside the ravioli.
The dessert menu offers a short selection of Czech and not-so-Czech dishes. The profiteroles tasted fine but were disappointing — not disappointing enough to stop us from cleaning our plates under 2 minutes, though! The choux puffs were hard and not puffy enough. They weren't filled with vanilla ice cream but with whipped cream instead, and the ice cream was served on the side.
The cherry variations consisted of cherry sorbet, preserve and sauce. The sorbet, which was more akin to a parfait, was the strong point of this tasty dessert. It had a great, almost chewy texture.
The apricot soufflé with lime and fromage blanc ice cream was equally good, if only a bit too small. All the flavors worked well together.
More traditional were the potato noodles. While the pear jam and rum custard that came with them were both very good and the plate very pretty, the noodles themselves were rather plain and heavy.
Despite the little ravioli incident, the salt level of certain items and the on-going tweaking of some dishes, Hospoda is definitely several steps above all the other Eastern European restaurants in town, especially for the attention it pays to textures, presentation and cooking techniques — not to forget taste, of course. The restaurant easily lands my highest rating so far!
Cuisine: Czech
Picks: Prague-style ham, beef oyster blade, smoked beef tongue, cherry variations, home-made sodas
Food: 9/10
Czech and Slovak Festival at the Bohemian Hall and Beer Garden
Last weekend, the Bohemian Hall and Beer Garden in Astoria, NY hosted their annual Czech and Slovak Festival. For two days, bands and folk artists offered performances traditional and contemporary, Czech and Slovak. Here are the Czechoslovak Moravian Club Folk Dancers:
It's worth mentioning the Bohemian Hall's long history. At the end of the 19th century, many Czech and Slovaks fled Austria-Hungary and settled in Astoria. In 1910, the community purchased farmland and turned it into an authentic European beer garden, which has survived for over 100 years.
More dances:
This being Memorial Day weekend, we were also administered a triple dose of national anthems — Czech, Slovak, and American:
Some traditional dancing revolved around the valaška, or shepherd's axe:
Of course, we didn't come just to watch grown-ups gesticulating with hatchets. We were also there to taste the food, and the Bohemian Hall offered a special menu for the duration of the festival. Since the dishes were prepared in advance and kept on a steam table, it would be unfair of me to make a formal review. So here is a short account of the things we tried.
The pierogies came with two fillings, potato and mushroom. While the smaller mushroom ones were a little bit dry, the potato half-moons were moist and greasy (in a good way):
The homemade potato pancakes, served with a classic apple sauce and sour cream, contained way too much garlic:
The Moravian stew, with its traditional bread dumplings, consisted of tender cubes of pork in a caraway sauce. Quite nice.
Later in the afternoon, a long line formed as the outdoor grill started serving sausages and burgers. Here's the country klobasa with fries. The klobasa was smoky and juicy, just how I like it. The crispy fries weren't bad either!
There was even a welcome dessert stand, selling apple štrúdl, prune and cream cheese koláč, and a mixed berry cake. We only had room for the strudel, which, unfortunately, was dry and embraced the unpleasant American habit of drowning all apple desserts with cheap cinnamon.
All in all we had a very nice time at the Czech and Slovak Festival. But one final complaint: $8 for a shot of plain vodka is way too much money!


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Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is an engineering discipline that enjoys many applications, including medicine. Biological signals are data registers that convey information about a biological process in a given period of time (i.e. a heartbeat). The interpretation of these signals is of significant value for diagnosticians, clinicians and researchers. DSP has been the basis on which many artificial intelligence and health-oriented technologies have found a way to establish a leading role in biomedical engineering's evolution.
The human body is a living source of many kinds of signals. Nerve and muscle cells generate electrical signals like an EEG (Electro Encephalograph). Blood flow and breathing produce biomechanical signals that provide information about respiratory and circulatory systems. Acoustic signals from a heart valve or a breathing process are also very useful for determining the state of a patient.
When dealing with biomedical signals it is important to classify them as non-periodic (may have patterns, but never fully periodic) and finite signals (it is impossible to register a patient's data for ever). This means they must be studied as stochastic signals, with a seemingly aleatory behavior. This forces biomedical engineers to make use of advanced DSP theory and concepts in order to obtain the best frequency resolution and event recognition algorithms.
Bio-signals in the human body are very electrically weak. This makes them very susceptible to noise. Noise may come from the same electrical devices that are performing the signal acquisition and processing, and also from all the other signals that the human body is emitting. Muscles, neurons and organs are simultaneously working, so previous knowledge of the signal under analysis and it's environment is mandatory.
Adequate hardware selection helps greatly to improve the quality of the signal. Depending on the signal to be analyzed, the sampling frequency of the Digital Signal Processor must live up to the working frequency of the signal. Sensor selection and sensitivity is important. Flux sensors, microphones, heat sensors, accelerometers and electrodes are commonly used in biomedical research and are available in the market.
It is also important to never underestimate solutions that an intelligent software design has to offer. DSP engineers, through software design, can greatly improve a signal's quality as well, by using digital noise reduction methods and frequency domain algorithms to the point of even avoiding the need for invasive sensors.
DSP has proven to be so useful and reliable for monitoring patients that most biomedical devices today make good use of this technology to perform real-time and offline analysis of this information. Patient monitors include automatic control systems based on the analysis of a real-time incoming signal acquired directly from the patient.
Researchers today are exploring new possibilities in the development of new technologies, for example EEG signals (produced by neural activity in the brain) are used for epileptic spikes detection algorithms and brain-machine interfaces for intelligent prosthetics control. Also, advanced pattern recognition techniques are used for DNA sample analysis, biomedical image processing, and many more applications.
The ever growing and merging fields of science like medicine, biology and engineering, keep opening doors for many innovations and solutions for today's obstacles. DSP definitely embraces the possibilities that this merging of knowledge has to offer.
Inband Software can assist you with your biomedical signal processing project. Our expert staff understands the unique challenges of processing biomedical signals, and can help you select sensors, processors, develop algorithms, and implement and optimize them for your specific hardware.


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Jacksonville University
2800 University Blvd North
Jacksonville, FL 32211
(904) 256-7000
(800) 225-2027 ext. 7000
Jacksonville University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, Commission on Colleges to award bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. Contact the Commission on Colleges at 1866 Southern Lane, Decatur, Georgia 30033-4097 or call 404-679-4500 for questions about the accreditation of Jacksonville University.
AeronauticsThe Division of Aeronautics holds accreditation from the Aviation Accreditation Board International (AABI) for the Bachelor of Science degrees in Aviation Management & Flight Operations (AVO) and Aviation Management (AVM).
Business The Davis College of Business is North Florida's only AACSB International Accredited private business school.
Dance and Music Jacksonville University is an accredited institutional member of the National Association of Schools of Music and the National Association of Schools of Dance, and the curricula in music and dance meet association standards.
EducationThe School of Educations Teacher Education Preparation Program is approved by the Florida Department of Education.
NursingThe School of Nursing holds accreditation from the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) for both Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Nursing degrees. The School of Nursing is in the process of seeking accreditation from CCNE for Doctor of Nursing Practice degree.
OrthodonticsThe School of Orthodontics Advanced Specialty Education Program in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthodontics is accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation.
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Loretta Holt, 100, of Columbia passed away Monday, December 17, 2012 at Boone Hospital Center.
Loretta Holt, July 18, 1912 - Dec. 17, 2012, of Columbia
Tuesday, December 18, 2012 | 7:47 p.m. CST
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Roberts, Marie-Claire
Assistant Professor
Education: Dr. Roberts holds the following degrees: Doctor of Philosophy, in Health Policy and Clinical Practice from Dartmouth College; Master of Science, in the Evaluative Clinical Sciences, from Dartmouth College; Master of Public Administration, from Clark University (Israeli Branch); and a Bachelor of Arts in Nursing from the University of Tel Aviv (Israel).
Areas of Research: Patient outcomes measurement and evaluation, decision analysis, workforce issues, and health policy as related to nursing.
Professional Experience: Dr. Roberts has extensive clinical experiences as an RN in both the medical-surgical setting as a staff nurse and as a nurse manager leading a team of 20 registered nurses in an urban community setting. Her clinical experience is complemented with a rigorous training in Health Services Research received at Dartmouth College during her doctorate studies. Throughout her professional life, Dr. Roberts has had the role of an educator. Dr. Roberts's most recent experience is as an Assistant Professor at New York University's College of Nursing. Prior to that, she was a PhD candidate and Research Associate at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, and a staff nurse at the Good Neighbor Clinic. She also has experience as a head nurse at Maccabi Health Services in Ramat HaSharon (Israel) and a staff nurse at Herzliya Medical Center (Israel).
Sample publications:
Boltz M., Capezuti E., Rosenberg MC., Wagner L. & Secic M. (In Press) Patient Safety In Medical--‐Surgical Units: Can Nurse Certification Make a Difference?" Medsurg Nurs. 2013 Jan-Feb;22(1):26-32, 37.
Rosenberg, MC, Corcoran S, Kovner C, Brewer C, Commuting to Work: R.N. Travel Time to Employment in Rural and Urban Areas. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice. February 2011 12(1) ISSN 1527-1544
Flood AB, Rosenberg MC, Reflections on Improving Hospital Performance. Health Services Research 43(5:Part 1):1457-1463, 2008.
Lienhard School of Nursing
- Allen, Stephanie
- Berro, Elizabeth
- Charles, Marie Lourdes
- Concert, Catherine
- Connerton, Winifred C.
- Drury, Lin J.
- Epstein, Carol D.
- Fazio, Nancy
- Feldman, Harriet R.
- Ferrara, Lucille
- Frederickson, Keville
- Greenberg, Martha J.
- Hagerty, Catherine
- Haghenbeck, Karen 'Toby'
- Hatcher-Grove Anne
- Kelly, Martha
- Knoesel, Joanne
- Lewenson, Sandra Beth
- Maier, Karen
- Maraia, Christina
- McLeod-Sordjan, Renee
- Nicholls, Lakeisha
- Northrup, Angela
- Paljevic, Esma
- Roberts, Marie-Claire
- Roye, Carol
- Singleton, Joanne K.
- Slyer, Jason
- Sonenberg, Andrea
- Truglio-Londrigan, Marie
- Wexler, Sharon Stahl
- Yang, Kyeongra


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Unrelenting rain had the final say at Port-of-Spain as the West Indies-Sri Lanka tri-series match was called off with the visitors reeling at 60/3 after 19 overs. The game, however, will resume from the same point on Monday since this series has a reserve day to guard against the weather gods. Kumar Sangakkara (11) and Lahiru Thirimanne (13) were unbeaten after Kemar Roach (2/19) and Jason Holder (1/20) had made early inroads. Kieron Pollard, who was captaining West Indies for the second time in this series after Dwayne Bravo was suspended for a game, announced three changes in the line-up. Devon Smith replaced the regular skipper while West Indies brought in Jason Holder and Lendl Simmons in place of Sunil Narine and Denesh Ramdin. For Sri Lanka, Kushal Perera and Rangana Herath made way for Jeevan Mendis and Shaminda Eranga. Upul Tharanga was given an early reprieve when Johnson Charles, who donned the keeper's gloves, spilled a regulation catch, denying Roach a wicket. However, the miss did not prove costly for the hosts as Holder accounted for the left-hander opener after Darren Bravo held on to a sharp chance at cover point. Sri Lanka suffered another setback as Mahela Jayawardene was done in by a short-pitched delivery from Roach, giving Smith a catch at point after failing to execute a pull shot properly. The openers departed off consecutive deliveries having scored 7 apiece, leaving their side in early trouble and it went from bad to worse for the Lankan side as Roach picked up his second wicket by castling Dinesh Chandimal for 2. Sangakkara yet again found himself in a situation of having to rescue Sri Lanka out of the rut and the experienced cricketer had Thirimanne for company as they began the rebuilding process with a watchful partnership. They had put on an undefeated 31-run stand for the 4th wicket when heavy rain forced the players off the field.
India and Sri Lanka in West Indies - Tri-Series 2013 (Full Coverage)
Rain takes match to reserve day
|Bangalore, 2013/Jul/07 17:56:00
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No one knows the real Dhoni: GavaskarFrom Dilip Vengsarkar to Rohit Sharma and a million cricket fans, MS Dhoni has been showered with accolades for his breathtaking knock that sealed the tri-series final for India in Port of Spain.
Dhoni best ODI finisher I have seen: VengsarkarFormer captain and chairman of selectors Dilip Vengsarkar said that he has not witnessed a better finisher than Mahendra Singh Dhoni, after seeing the Indian captain guide his team to a victory over Sri Lanka in the tri-series final on Thursday.
Sometimes you have to play boring cricket: DhoniAfter guiding the team to an exciting tri-nation ODI series triumph, captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni made it clear that he is ready to play "boring cricket" while chasing low scores if it ensures a victory for his team.
Mathews suspended for two ODIsSri Lanka skipper Angelo Mathews was suspended for two ODIs while the rest of the team was fined 40 per cent of their match fees after a slow over rate against India in the final of the tri-series in the West Indies.
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Why Varian Wrynn is a fool (and why it may not matter)
For a while now I've been mulling over points raised by Daniel in his much-discussed article, "Why Varian Wrynn Is Right," and we've received a number of requests to address the issue from the Horde's point of view. Well...this article isn't going to do that. It started off that way, and then I realized that Varian's personal issues and the Horde's approach to the problem are really two entirely separate matters. At some point in the future, I'd like to examine the Horde's take on the newly-resurgent antagonism between the factions, because it's not something I can adequately address here without turning this into a 10,000-word tract.
Today, we're going to deal almost exclusively with Varian and his share of responsibility for the current mess. I'm a little ambivalent over Blizzard's decision to include most of the backstory and explanations for Varian's behavior in a comic series, because I think it's one of the factors that's resulted the character's being poorly received by most players. Choosing to include so much of his characterization out of the game in a product most players will never read necessarily impacts how Varian's motives are going to be evaluated. If all you've got to go on is what you see of the king from ingame events...he doesn't look so great. This isn't a defense of Varian so much as a commentary on the somewhat inconsistent approach to his character that's resulted. I haven't read each of the comics, but I'm familiar with the storyline, and this article doesn't assume that you need to have read the out-of-game books or comics in order to follow the argument.
Filed under: Analysis / Opinion, Features, Lore, NPCs, Wrath of the Lich King, Rumors


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Temperature Convertorby Super Saiyan X
To download this demo for your Linux/Mac installation, enter this on your command line:
DreamDownload byond://SuperSaiyanX.Convert##version=3Emulator users, in the BYOND pager go to File | Open Location and enter this URL:
73 downloads
This is a stand-alone application which allows you to: Convert any value in any of the 8 Temperature scales to any other. [More]
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2015 Honda Pilot
2015 Honda Pilot comes from high-end car that captivates with its elegance and modern style.Shall be of minor changes since last model.This the SUV car model in which you will be able to enjoy yourself while you are driving with your persons.You can get much more than you it is very expect.Model got the changes that have happened in the interior and design.When talks about his release date on the market do not have the detailed information you can get in contact with certified dealers to give you all the necessary information about its market launch .
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He starts the engine with 3.5L V6 engine with 310 horsepower and 265 lb.ft. torque. CVT will be responsible for FVD models , while AWD model predicts 6 – speed automatic gearbox.You can get the new design performance and other improvements , and it will be more economical than the model.Many have rumors for the price , and many stories about the price although you can contact dealers the companies to tell you all the necessary information , but we do not believe that it will be slightly higher than the previous model for his LKS is 31,000 EIR – $ 32.400 EIR – L $ 35,000 ; Touring $ 41.300 . New Honda will be one of the best crossover in the world because it will have seven seats.You we will do our best to convey all the necessary information on the new 2015 Honda Pilot render 1.
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Cite as "AILA InfoNet Doc. No. 00012772 (posted Jan. 27, 2000)"
January 12, 2000
Prepared by: David Grunblatt, Chair, VSC Liaison Committee
Of great concern to
those practicing in the Vermont Service Center jurisdiction was the
announcement of a "pause" in processing of H-1B petitions and the indication
that there would be future "pauses". It
seems inappropriate that this jurisdiction should be "penalized" for being
efficient! What has been the impact of
this policy? Do you have any input in
reversing it or minimizing its effects, here?
The impact to the VSC is primarily
that the 'pauses' cause our backlogs to go up significantly which, in turn,
makes it more difficult to manage our resources once the 'pause' has been
lifted. For impact other than backlogs, please address this issue to HQ. As to
input, the VSC has as much input as do the other three centers. HQ is trying to
administer a program that is fair to petitioners regardless of where they file.
Policy, therefore, is set at the HQ level and we suggest your concerns might be
better voiced to them.
When such "pauses
take place" is the VSC continuing to adjudicate H-1b petitions which are not
subject to the cap? If not, why not?
This depends on the meaning of the
word, 'pause'. Some 'pauses' have included all H-1 petitions while others only
affect the 'cap' cases. If the 'pause' only affects 'cap' cases the VSC has
continued to adjudicate the non-cap cases.
AILA Committee Comment:
The VSC indicated that they separate "cap" and "non-cap" cases but
conceded that during the last "pause" both cap and non-cap cases were affected.
We are assuming
that this "equalization" program has something to do with more efficiently
determining the "cap" on H-1B's. Are
there any projections at this time? Is
there any other information that we can provide to members with regard to
reaching the cap and appropriate subsequent procedures for filing?
We have received no information on
our proximity to the cap, nor have we received any instructions regarding what
the Service will do if and when we reach the cap.
Related to the
issue of the cap, there is still a lot of confusion on the proper way to
complete an I-129 form to properly identify "cap" and differentiate them from
"non-cap" cases. A memorandum to all
Service Center Directors from Fujie Ohata, Associate Commissioner dated
December 9, 1999 attempts to clarify this issue but in some ways adds to the
In the
introductory paragraphs, the Associate Commissioner states that "our current
policy is that only H-1B cases that count against a numerical limitation are
petitions for new employment…. Only petitions that are marked "2a 4a" and "2a
4b" in Part Two of the I-129 petition are considered new employment for
counting purposes."
One of the
samples illustrates this point by indicating that new employment for an H-1b
holder already in the United States in H-1B classification should check box 2a
and 4c. Is this also "checked" for an
individual who is currently in another status (e.g. B-2) who is changing from
B-2 into H-1b status based upon an H-1b petition already previously
approved? This is our understanding
based upon a discussion prior to the last liaison meeting.
HQ is working on a document which
will further define 'cap' cases. Once the definition is published HQ can then
decide how best to count cases defined as cap cases. The count may be based on
the way the petition portion is completed or it may be based on the information
regarding the beneficiary. We expect such a memo to be published in the next few
weeks. At this time we agree that there is confusion as to what is a cap case
and how notations to the petition potentially affect the count, but we can
offer no guidance until additional policy has been received from HQ.
Will a petition be
rejected if it is not in compliance with this memorandum if a petitioner is in
fact executing Section 2 and Section 4 according to the "plain meaning" rather
than the policy described in the December 9th memorandum?
HQ has issued no policy regarding the
rejection of cases because of the way information has been entered.
AILA Committee Comment:
VSC indicates that they do review the petitions and will process them in
the appropriate classification (cap or non-cap) based upon substantive
When one calls the
"information line" concerning information as to pending H-1B petitions, the
recording gives the later "Notice Date" as the "Received Date". Why is that? Often there is a differential of a week or more.
The automated system gives out
information on a case, based on what is reflected in the case history. Although the physical date we receive a
petition (stamped in by mailroom) is reflected in the system and prints on the
receipt notice, this date is not reflected in the case history portion of the
system, and therefore, is not part of the automated phone system's information.
VSC sorts case types, and case backlogs in general based on the actual physical
receipt date and not the date a case was put into our system by our contractor.
What is the policy
of the Vermont Service Center with regard to the "commencement date" resulting
from the adjudication of an application for "change of status" or "extension of
stay", where, the application or petition was filed before expiration of the
previous status but the adjudication occurred after that expiration date. Given the draconian consequences of
"unlawful status" in the United States we are requesting that the Center
implement a policy of setting the commencement date as of the expiration of the
previous status unless an alternative date has been specifically
working a timely filed I-129 where the petitioner has requested an extension of
the status for the beneficiary, VSC will close the "gap" and grant a
commencement date effective as of the expiration of the previously accorded
status. This is consistent with
regulations at 274a.12(b)(20) which authorizes a beneficiary of a timely filed
petition to continue working for the same employer for a period not to exceed
240 days while the extension request remains pending before the Service.
regulations are clear with regard to H, O, and P nonimmigrant classifications
where here has been a change of status requested for the beneficiary by the
petitioner. For example, regulations at
214.2(h)(9)(ii)(B) state:
If a new H petition is
approved after the date the petitioner indicates that the services or training
will begin, the approved petition and approval notice shall show a validity
period commencing with the date of approval and ending with the date requested
by the petitioner…
Although the regulations concerning other nonimmigrant classifications
(e.g. L) may not specifically state the validity commencement date to be used,
VSC is guided by the aforementioned regulation and grants a validity period
commencing with the date of approval.
Since the beneficiary is not authorized employment until such a time
that the petition is approved, we will not close the "gap" by granting a
commencement date prior to the date of approval.
It is also
noted that granting a commencement date earlier than date of approval would not
be consistent with statute as it regards limitations in L status. Since a beneficiary would not have actually
been in L status for any period preceding the date of approval, he/she may be
adversely affected since this would be time counted towards their 5/7-year
limitation of stay in the United States.
While some may argue that losing this time would be preferable to the
unlawful status alternative, VSC feels that existing regulation and intent
thereof would support our position on this issue.
Committee Comment: The
committee pointed out that establishing a retroactive commencement date would
not necessarily be problematic with regard to losing time towards the five year
or seven year maximum as it could be adjusted subsequently. However, the VSC did point out that there
would be technical problems with failure to comply with the terms of the L or H
visa retroactively. The dilemma remains
given our concern with regard to "unlawful status" and it seems that this issue
must be handled at a policy or regulatory level.
Can an L-1 petition
be filed prior to accumulation of the one year overseas experience abroad in
anticipation of an approval date after the one year requisite experience has
short answer – we would hold based on the regs as they apply to the
adjudication that the one year must have been completed at the time of the
filing. However, as you probably know,
the regs pertaining to inspection and admission indicate that the year has to
have been completed by the time of inspection and entry. Therefore, there is a curious little twist
where the two sets of regs appear slightly contradictory. As you know in all such cases, we defer to
HQ to make these calls – you may want to raise this issue with them.
Several members
have pointed out that there seems to be a higher incident rate of
"questionable" RFE's in the case of doctors.
Specifically a member reports that an H-1b filed for a doctor working
for a new hospital was required to submit the test results of all three parts
of the USMLE which obviously had to be submitted previously for his already
obtained H-1 petitions. Is there
special training with regard to so-called "doctor" cases? Were these simply isolated incidents?
documentation to be submitted with any H-1B extension, VSC reserves the right
to request additional evidence to support the approval of a petition. In the case where a doctor is seeking
employment with a new hospital as a physician, an adjudicator may request
evidence of USMLE test results to ensure that the beneficiary is qualified to
perform said duties. Typically, we
tend to see petitioning hospitals submit copies of test results with each
Keep in mind that it is possible that the previous H-1B position held
by this beneficiary may not have been as a physician. If this had been the case, the Service would not have had prior
evidence of USMLE test results.
reduce the possibility that a petitioner will receive a request for evidence
that he/she would consider questionable, VSC would suggest that a complete body
of evidence be submitted with each extension of stay request.
We discussed at the
last tele-conference how to interpret the Service Center Processing Time Report
and its relation to "real world" reports as to backlogs for I-485
applications. The VSC reported at our
last tele-conference that the processing report gives the backlog for the "mass
of filings for that given month". Does
the VSC have statistics as to how many cases or what percentage of cases are
backlogged beyond the time indicated on the Processing Time Report? Do you have statistics as to the "average"
backlog of that particular group of cases?
No, we do not
have statistics for what percentage are backlogged beyond the time indicated on
the report, nor do we have statistics as to the "average" backlog of a
particular group.
Committee Comment: VSC
explained that it is difficult to track these cases, since they can be out of
the prescribed time for a number of difference reasons, e.g. awaiting receipt
of a file; awaiting re-fingerprinting; awaiting submission of an additional
document. VSC can only recommend individual
follow up on cases which are clearly beyond the published processing times.
Now that the "CIA"
issue has been resolved, can we expect a surge in adjudication of I-485
applications? Has the VSC completed
those temporary projects that have stopped the processing of I-485
adjudications? What can we expect in
the coming months?
are planning to give I-485 training later this month and expect to start
adjudicating by late January or early February.
Committee Comment: VSC could
not make any projections as to movement of the backlog once adjudication of
I-485 applications begins again.
What is Service
policy with reference to the validity of an I-485 application already pending
with the Service where the underlying basis for eligibility has changed. Or, alternatively, the applicant is eligible
under two categories and wishes to shift from one to the other. e.g.
An applicant filed adjustment of status to "accompany" a principal and
subsequent to that, has an I-140 petition approved on her own account and
wishes to use that as the basis for adjudication of the application for
adjustment of status (perhaps a divorce is immanent and the original
eligibility may eventually terminate).
are still awaiting guidance from Headquarters on this issue.
Would there be a
different policy with regard to changed basis of eligibility, if the new basis
is one which normally does not come under the jurisdiction of the Vermont
Service Center, e.g. an approved I-130 based upon marriage to US citizen.
We are still awaiting
guidance from Headquarters on this issue, as well.
What is the procedure
for notifying the Vermont Service Center as to changes in corporate structure
for a corporation or entity which has been granted "sole jurisdiction" in the
Vermont Service Center. e.g. The approved company has acquired a new
subsidiary or has spun off additional subsidiaries.
Several weeks ago HQ directed the
Service Centers to put a hold on adjudicating requests for sole
jurisdiction. We believe that HQ is
assessing whether or not to continue with the sole jurisdiction program and we
expect them to publish policy on this issue. With reference to the specific
question - When a corporate entity, covered by a sole jurisdiction agreement,
finds its structure has changed, they should contact us in writing and let us
know. If we feel that certain notations need to be made on subsequent filings
because of the structural changes of the company, we will notify the company.
AILA Committee Comment:
VSC expressed its concern with the "Sole Jurisdiction" program as
requests seem to be made disproportionately for jurisdiction within the Vermont
Service Center. From an administrative
perspective, maintaining lists of "sole jurisdiction" petitioners and administering
the program from their point of view, drains resources. It was the committee's position that the
amount of cases involved is not that extensive and the program provides a
significant and appropriate service to employers who want to process their
petitions in an efficient manner.
As you can imagine, the
dialogue between Attorneys and the Government with regard to what we perceive
as inappropriate RFE's goes on with each of the Service Centers. The NSC Director indicated in a discussion
reported on November 8, 1999 that they would be developing paragraphs keyed to
each specific category of evidence and "only those paragraphs relating to a
case will be included in an RFE. Each
such paragraph entered on an RFE will bear an additional phrase or sentence, in
bold face, reflecting the Officer's specific objection, question or
comment." We have seen such a format in
some of the VSC cases. Is this being developed
as a broad policy nationwide?
VSC uses "standard paragraphs" that parallel statute, regulation, and policy
and procedure memoranda. We are not
aware of any nationwide initiative to standardize the language of RFEs at all
four Service Centers.
Would you please
reiterate the policy or procedure for requesting "expedite" of I-140
petitions? We had a specific instance
where a request was made to expedite such a petition in an "age out"
situation. The request was made in
writing and remains unanswered. Should
the request be made telephonically?
Should such a petition be filed through an alternative procedure?
We have heard from
Washington that all the Service Centers had been advised of the change in law
with regard to national interest waivers for FMG's as effected by the Nursing
Relief Act. However, there are still no
regulations. Are the Service Centers
acting on these petitions, or holding them in abeyance?
As of the date of this tele-conference,
instructions from Washington are to hold these petitions in abeyance until an
interim policy directive for administering these petitions, absent regulations,
is promulgated.
If a student is
granted one year practical training and after having worked five months in that
status, changes status to H-1 and then wishes to return to F-1 status to pursue
a new academic program will he or she be entitled to an additional seven months
of practical training? What is Center
policy with regard to "unused" practical training?
Once an F-1 begins working with the their EAD for
practical training purposes, there is no way to "recapture" any unused portion
of the card. The Service policy for
"recapturing" practical training time, requires that the card and the request
to withdraw the practical training be turned in prior to the card being valid.
Current regulations
allow for one period of optional practical training not to exceed 12
months. There currently is no service
policy or regulation allowing an F-1 student to receive another period of
optional practical training simply by changing status to another nonimmigrant
status and then changing back to F-1.
Service policy does allow an F-1 student to receive another period of 12
months of practical training if the student has a significant departure of 5
months or more outside the U.S., and has subsequently re-entered the U.S. as an
F-1 for a new academic program.
When an individual
has filed an N-400 application in another jurisdiction, e.g. a resident of
Dallas filing at the Texas Service Center who then moves to VSC jurisdiction
and properly notifies the Center to transfer the file to VSC, what happens to
that application? Does it go to the
back of the line? Does it get any
priority? How is it handled?
When an N400 applicant moves to a new
jurisdiction, the address is updated in CLAIMS 4 (C4) to reflect this
change. The C4 database is designed to
acknowledge changes in jurisdiction as a result of address changes. Therefore, once the case is update
electronically with a change of jurisdiction, it will be active under the new
jurisdiction and not the old.
Additionally, if a fingerprint appointment or interview needs to be
rescheduled as a result of this address change, then CLAIMS 4 should ensure the
required activities are rescheduled. If
there is some problem, we will ensure the case is rescheduled for a fingerprint
appt or interview.
Although the case may change jurisdiction to a
new Service Center (local office under a new Center), the file does not
physically move. Because C4 is
electronically updated to reflect the new jurisdiction, the files are not
relocated to the new Center. Rather,
the files will remain at the Service Center were the application was originally
filed. The case will be accessible for
electronic interview scheduling under the appropriate local office based on the
new address entered into CLAIMS 4. At
that time that office schedules for interview, the file will be sent directly
to the interviewing office instead of going from one Center to another and then
to the local office.
Committee Comment: VSC advises
that when the case is transferred, it is placed "electronically" in line for
scheduling in the new District based upon its original filing date. Accordingly, it does not lose its place in
line but would be subject to whatever is the normal backlog for the new
jurisdiction. e.g. A case is filed on January
2, 1999 in the Vermont Service Center based upon an address in New York
City. The individual notifies the
Service Center that he/she has moved to Miami.
The case will be electronically transferred to the Texas Service Center
as indicated above, while the file remains at the Vermont Service Center
pending clearances and scheduling. The
case will be scheduled in Miami when it is reached chronologically based upon
the January 2, 1999 filing date.
If an individual
must execute fingerprints overseas at an American Embassy Consulate or Military
Base (e.g. a 319B case) how are those fingerprints to be handled and how are
they entered into the system? Can you
outline the appropriate requirements, accompanying documents (if any), proper
addressee, processing after received by VSC center, VSC, etc.?
Other than the process for submitting an FD258,
cards from applicants overseas are handled in the same manner as other FD258
submissions. An applicant residing
abroad may submit an FD258 from overseas which should be submitted with the
N400 at the time of filing. If not, we
will request an FD258 from the applicant.
If the applicant responds to our request and submits a completed FD258,
it should be returned to the VSC with the I-797 notice which requested the
submission of the card.
Once a completed FD258 is received at VSC from an
applicant abroad, it goes through the process in the same manner as all other
We have been
requested by AILA's National "Naturalization Committee" to gather, if at all possible,
accurate information on:
Processing times;
Procedural problems
(e.g. cases being scheduled out of order, lack of notice to attorneys);
Legal issues, for
example, denials of particular types of cases;
Close outs/file management/computer
issues; and
Any other issues of
interest effecting Naturalization practice.
Can you report on the state of the
Naturalization Unit in the context of these issues?
Although AILA's National "Naturalization
Committee" requested the following information, we feel each of the items
below are ones which are issues that affect INS or are handled by INS at a
national level. Therefore, we
respectfully request that these issues be submitted to INS Headquarters in
Washington DC
AILA Committee Comment: VSC pointed out that the N-400 process is
monitored closely and that there are weekly conference calls between the
Vermont Service Center and headquarters seeking to resolve issues. They are constantly in the process of
working out glitches in the system with regard to the scheduling of cases as
often the data in Washington as to how many cases are ready and that at the
Service Centers does not correspond.
Considerable resources are allocated to reviewing files to be sure that
these inconsistencies are resolved and all cases ready, are put in for
The Vermont Service Center
allocates and physically separates the files for each District Office under its
jurisdiction and works with each District on an ongoing basis to assure to the
extent possible, full scheduling of cases.
© 2000, American Immigration Lawyers Association


text:
Looking for a healthy meal to eat on the run? Try one of these smart choices
(11 Photos)
Madelyn Fernstrom PhD CNS
Sep 30, 2010 at 12:59PM
Courtesy of Dunkin Donuts
You should aim to eat breakfast within two hours of awakening, so there's no need to stuff down breakfast bleary eyed if you'd rather grab food on your way to work. Try a Subway Egg (or egg white) and Cheese breakfast sandwich, with 250 calories, and a moderate 450 mg of salt. Or look for a Dunkin Donuts Egg White Turkey Sausage Flatbread with 280 calories and 3 grams of fiber. The salt in this one is high -– 820 mg -- about one third of your day, so if you choose this, cut back on your salt for the rest of the day. You can add a piece of fresh fruit, and a coffee (with skim or low-fat milk), and still stay under 400 calories.
Yummy recipes, DIY projects, home decor, fashion and more curated by iVillage staffers.
The very dirty truth about fashion internships... DUN DUN @srslytheshow http://t.co/wfewf
Behind-the-scenes pics from iVillage.


text:
I post random stuff here
What I'm drinking these days
Posted 02-10-2008 at 10:19 AM by Prolifical ENG
Updated 02-10-2008 at 10:44 AM by Prolifical ENG
Updated 02-10-2008 at 10:44 AM by Prolifical ENG
Most flavo(u)rful whisk(e)y I have consumed yet.
Total Comments 11
yo Pro whats a bottle of that running you?
|Posted 02-12-2008 at 11:27 AM by born invincible
That bottle came to $75. This and the Laphroaig Quarter Cask are the best valued IMO....there are ones equally as good for around $200.
Its on pace to last me around 2-3 months
You can buy them cheaper in America...maybe around $40.
|Posted 02-16-2008 at 04:16 PM by Prolifical ENG
looking good yo,cant wait to taste that shit
|Posted 02-19-2008 at 01:43 PM by RADIOACTIVE MAN
thats nice... i usually keep a bottle of Henrock on my shelf... i usually get the $130 bottle and rock it over a few weeks... i keep the $30 bottle readily available for when the crew comes thru....
|Posted 02-20-2008 at 05:10 PM by born invincible
Why on earth do you drink whiskey Prolifical ENG? it tastes worse than a bloody vagina with herpes or even the 4th starburst that may fatefully pop out.
I'm scottish and alot of my family drink that shite..i prefer Absinthe or Jaegermeister and although it may taste like medicine, it's better than whiskey IMO.
Your all a mad bunch of whiskey loving yanks
|Posted 05-23-2008 at 03:57 AM by KERZO
Well I can tell you it this way. It depends how old you are. If you are in your 30s now you will likely never develop a taste for whisky, especially if you have tried a good variety of them. If you are around 18 it could change during your life. I am 25 and I am still considered a few years too young to get into fine single malts. The most well known whisky connoisseur in the world is Michael Jackson (RIP 2007 and not to be mistaken for the king of pop) and when he had it for the first time when he was 18 he didnt like it either.
Around that same age I just drank it to get fucked and hated the taste of it and barfed off of it so many times. I almost ruined it for myself nad whenever I tasted whisky I could taste vomit. I just learned how to appreciate a fine beverage in the evening after a hard day at work.
|Posted 05-26-2008 at 10:23 PM by Prolifical ENG
that shit just looks delisious
|Posted 12-15-2008 at 09:02 PM by SKAMPOE
Good shit man
|Posted 02-15-2009 at 04:25 PM by Slide
Aaw yeah,thats the shit right there!
|Posted 07-05-2009 at 01:39 PM by Krusha
Looks good man. I can find this in the LCBO?
|Posted 11-14-2009 at 08:39 PM by Sheep Shifter
you can but its too much at the lcbo...they are gouging with it. it should be 33% cheaper
|Posted 12-16-2009 at 02:12 PM by Prolifical ENG
Recent Blog Entries by Prolifical ENG
- What I'm drinking these days (02-10-2008)


text:
Top Destinations in Ohio
Destination information
Rock and Roll Hall Fame - This famous Hall of Fame was first established in 1986 in Cleveland and put Cleveland on the map as the home of Rock and Roll. If you love music and especially rock and roll then this is one place you don't want to miss while in Ohio. Visitors can wander through exhibits, listen to music, watch films and look through legendary memorabilia. Admission is $17 for adults, $11 for children and free for children less than 8 years of age.
Blue Ridge Parkway Ride, stroll or drive through the most traveled parkway in the nation's National Park Systems. The road winds through steep mountainous terrain and goes through to the Smoky Mountains in neighboring North Carolina. Popular with locals the parkway is open year round, as long as the weather does not become too treacherous.
Great Lakes Science Center Visiting the largest hands-on science centers in the country is just the beginning of your excitement at the Great Lakes Science Center. If science is your passion then the interactive exhibits that cover numerous topics will blow your mind. View an 8-foot tall tornado, pilot a blimp or take a turn at virtual soccer. Visitors to the center should also take in a film at the Omniplex Theater. Children and adults of all ages will love the Science Center.
Useful Ohio Links
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text:
WOW - $475 million mission
Published June 30, 2014
NASA's newest spacecraft, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, aims to map the amount of carbon dioxide—the big gorilla of greenhouse gases—in the skies of its home planet.
Scheduled for a July 1 launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, the $475 million mission replaces the first Orbiting Carbon Observatory, lost during launch in 2009 in a mishap that planted it in the ocean off Antarctica.
"We're excited about this opportunity to finally complete some unfinished business," said the spacecraft team's Ralph Basilio of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. "It was heartbreaking to lose the first mission."
The new spacecraft, OCO-2, an upgraded version of the lost one, will essentially re-map atmospheric carbon dioxide once every 16 days with 99.7 percent accuracy. (Related: "Federal Climate Change Report Highlights Risks for Americans.")
The launch follows the Obama administration's proposed Clean Air Act regulations, which seek to curb carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, and comes as international negotiators look ahead to a United Nations climate meeting in Paris. (Related: "Dire UN Climate Reports Raise Questions About Global Willpower.")
OCO-2 is NASA's first carbon dioxide tracking satellite, launched as Japan's less capable Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) reaches the end of its five-year mission.
When the first OCO mission crashed, engineers presented plans for a replacement mission to NASA within days. The delay in launching the new orbiter came from picking a new rocket after NASA canceled an initial contract for a relaunch on a Taurus rocket, the same kind that failed in 2009.
"The spacecraft is not quite a carbon copy" of the original mission, says Basilio, though he notes that most of the team remains from the first mission. A third mission, OCO-3, might put similar carbon tracking instruments on the International Space Station. However, OCO-3 is on hold, awaiting funding.
From an altitude of 438 miles (705 kilometers), the satellite will measure where the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere comes from and where it ends up.
The spacecraft will "watch the Earth breathe," says NASA's Betsy Edwards, who heads the mission management at NASA headquarters.
The spacecraft will map the entire globe's carbon dioxide to a resolution within 1.2 square miles (3 square kilometers). Industrial emissions will be depicted in shades of red, while uptake by forests in such places as the Amazon will be shown in shades of green.
Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere; without it Earth's average surface temperature would be below freezing. But its concentration in the atmosphere now measures about 400 parts per million, a 42 percent increase since the start of the industrial revolution. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, gas, and coal, and making cement has largely driven the increase.
"Some of the big stationary sources," such as coal-fired power plants, "will certainly stand out," says JPL scientist Mike Gunson. "Larger urban areas and manufacturers we will certainly see."
Carbon Conundrum
Some of the carbon dioxide that humanity releases disappears every year, absorbed by the ocean or by plants. "Roughly half of the carbon dioxide we emit is taken out of the atmosphere every year," Gunson says.
The leftover gas has built up in the atmosphere and is the biggest driver in the global warming seen over the past century, an increase of about one degree Fahrenheit (0.6 degrees Celsius), according to NASA. It has also led to a roughly 30 percent increase in the acidity of the oceans over that time, a threat to coral, oysters, and other marine life.
Currently, scientists rely on about 160 ground stations to monitor carbon dioxide levels, leaving big areas of the globe unmonitored, including India, Africa, South America, and the oceans.
That means scientists don't know where all the carbon dioxide is coming from or where it goes, Gunson says. "We'd like to look at the rain forests, which are thought to play a big role in the carbon cycle," as carbon is locked away by plant life as it grows and released when it dies.
Carbon dioxide persists in the atmosphere for centuries, unlike other greenhouse gases, such as methane. If politicians are going to create programs to cut carbon dioxide emissions, offering cash "credits" for reductions, for example, then tracking emissions from satellites like OCO-2 will make such agreements easier to enforce, NASA suggests.
Launch Ahead
The first carbon observer failed when the clamshell-shaped housing on its launch rocket failed to fall away from the satellite in orbit. The extra weight dragged the spacecraft back to Earth. The failure had four possible causes, including an electrical failure or a snagged cord. Hunting down the exact reason and fixing it to recertify the Taurus rocket for flight looked as if it would be too costly to justify the expense, one of the reasons that NASA went with a different rocket.
That failure was an expensive one in both time and money, says Edwards. The replacement orbiter cost about $275 million and the new rocket, a Delta II, cost $200 million.
The launch will carry OCO-2 to an orbit that will allow it to travel around the Poles once every 99 minutes, in formation with the "A-Train" international suite of five other Earth-observing satellites that measure clouds, rain, snow, and other atmospheric gases.
"We feel really confident about the spacecraft," Basilio says, citing recent JPL tests of the instruments that will be aboard.
During a mission scheduled for just two years due to tight budgets, the satellite should take more than one million measurements, he says.
Follow Dan Vergano on Twitter.
WOW - $475 million mission
Well put Jeff. I would also like to know if the information from the satellite will be available to the general public? I think it would have a greater impact if the public had the ability to see for itself exactly where it's coming from and where it is being absorbed. Then we could use that information to make the money we spend talk for itself. For example, we could see if a manufacturer is a big carbon source and use that information accordingly. I think this kind of information should be available to everyone who wants it since it is our taxes that are paying for it!
By the way Jeff, you don't happen to live in Maryland do you? I have a Friend that lives there.
It's all fine and good that we a launching this satellite.
More importantly we should be concentrating on what we are going to do about the CO2 that we are consistently pumping into the atmosphere. Looking at it, pondering it, arguing about it and pointing fingers is not getting the job done. We are running out of time, if we have not already done so.
It's akin to finding a cancer and sitting back to see what develops, diagnosing, discussing alternatives and deciding who is going to pay for the operation,before you know it, too late.
Do we want to be too late and leave it to our Children to deal with the Earth's tumor, "Greenhouse gases" in particular CO2? I think not!
@Dwayne LaGrou No fellow, reside in NJ. Getting close to retirement and my wife and I are probably headed out West. The Northeast ain't what it used to be in more ways than one. I guess that can be said for anywhere, but we are ready for a change.
The Major CO2 contributors today, China and India, that much is known. My understanding is they are both pumping far more CO2 into the atmosphere than the US has when it was at its worst. We are still major contributors, but have been at least reducing our emissions, though not quickly enough and still way too much.
The World as a whole must address this issue, or else we be in trouble. That's a big part of the problem, when has the, "World" cooperated, in earnest, to get anything done. The divisions are widening not getting smaller. It's a mess.
Well, Good luck in you're upcoming retirement, And I know what you mean with all of the CO2 being pumped out now, What will the Earth be like for our kids and their children and Grandchildren.
Peace, Dwayne
@Dwayne LaGrou Thanks Dwayne, wish you and yours all the Best.
Hopefully, some day soon, Humanity will wake up and see how ridiculous things have gotten in the world today.If most of the negative energy, the arguing and hate being expended all over, was changed to positive energy, what a wonderful world it would be.
Be well.
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Just for Fun
Fun timeThis photo was shot on film. Taken by dikasapi with a Lomo LC-A+ Russia Day (available in our Online Shop) loaded with Lomography X-Pro Slide 200 ISO (35mm) film in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. These tags describe this photo: sneakers, shoes, boy, girl, and friend. Date: 2013-01. Time: Noon. This photo can also be found in the album Friend fries.
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I have been craaaaaaving this Oreo icebox dessert for about a month now, ever since our end-of-school ice cream party when my 'room mom' brought in Oreos for the students to put on their ice cream. (Yes, I'm highly suggestable ... advertising works very well on me ... especially when there's chocolate involved.)
I went right out that afternoon and bought a package of Oreos so I could whip up this dessert. But can you believe I didn't actually make it until this weekend? Let me tell you, my friends, that's showing some serious restraint for me! It's sad to say, willpower is not one of my key strengths.
But alas, I succombed to the call of the Oreo.
I love Oreos. Don't we all? Well, as much as I love them, I think I love them even more when they're surrounded by layers of pudding and whipped cream.
Like in this no-bake icebox dessert.
It looks innocent enough, right? Just some whipped cream with a sprinkling of crushed Oreos?
Quick ... grab your fork! Oh, and your glass of milk ... you'll still need it.
Oreo Icebox Dessert
Source: My sister-in-law
1 (15 oz.) package Oreos, crushed
6 T. butter, melted
1 (8 oz.) package cream cheese, softened*
1 c. confectioners' sugar
1 large (5.1 oz.) box instant chocolate pudding* + milk to prepare, as specified on the pudding package
1 large (16 oz.) container Cool Whip whipped topping*
1. Set aside about 1/4 cup crushed Oreos. Mix remaining crushed Oreos with the melted butter. Press into the bottom of a 9x13" pan.
2. Combine cream cheese and confectioners' sugar; mix well. Fold in 1/2 of the Cool Whip until well combined. Spread the cream cheese mixture over the crushed Oreo layer. Chill for 20 minutes.
3. Prepare chocolate pudding according to package directions. Spread over cream cheese layer. Chill for 20 minutes.
4. Spread remaining Cool Whip over the pudding layer. Sprinkle reserved crushed Oreos on top. Chill for 8 hours or overnight before serving.
*NOTE: I use 1/3-less-fat Neufchatel cream cheese, sugar-free instant pudding (the ounces on the package will be less), and lite Cool Whip. And it still tastes delicious!
This post is linked with On the Menu Monday, Mangia Mondays, Crazy Sweet Tuesday, Totally Tasty Tuesdays, Tuesday Talent Show, Whacha Whipped Up Wednesday, Cast Party Wednesday, Pin'Inspirational Thursdays, Full Plate Thursday, Share Your Creations, Inspiration Friday, Foodie Friday, Weekend Bloggy Reading, Foodie Friday with Diane Balch, Weekend Potluck, Sweets for a Saturday, Strut Your Stuff Saturday, Weekend Wrap Up, Sundae Scoop, Think Pink Sunday, Scrumptious Sunday, Nifty Thrifty Sunday, Sunday Showcase, Tasty Tuesday, Trick or Treat Tuesday, Sweet Treats & Swanky Stuff, Saturday Night Fever.


text:
Advertise in UX Magazine
Interested in advertising in User Experience magazine? It's an excellent way to reach UX and usability professionals around the world.
User Experience magazine published articles on usability testing, user experience design, and more. It focuses on practical information of immediate use to working professionals.
We accept ads for UX and usability related:
- products, tools, and services
- consulting and other services
- book announcements
- conferences and workshops
Your ad runs on the home page of the magazine and issue archives.
- Size: 291px x 113 px.
- Format: JPEG, PNG or GIF (no animation or other moving elements)
- Time: 3 months from first appearance
- Cost: $400
We will also need the web address the ad will link to.
For more information, please contact:
Publications Manager


text:
The American Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine offers the Prolotherapy Lecture Series, the premier courses to teach the fundamentals of MSK evaluation, diagnosis and treatment.
The Prolotherapy Lecture Series emphasizes the fundamentals of musculoskeletal medicine: Ligament and tendon anatomy.
The American Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine (AAMSM) courses are divided into three levels PART 1, PART 2 and CADAVER for students with varying degrees of experience, mastery of the fundamentals, and needle-handling skills.
The courses are for physicians practicing orthopedic medicine, physiatrists, pain management, sports medicine, family medicine, osteopathic manipulative medicine, and for all physicians who are interested in learning and developing musculoskeletal medicine skills.
The price of the individual courses includes: