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Mike Nelson of Amiga User International interviews Jay Miner.
Father of the Amiga
The name badge says it all, Jay
Miner, VIP, Father of the Amiga. During my recent jaunt to the A4000 launch in
Los Angeles, I was lucky enough to meet and talk to Jay as he cast his fatherly
eye over the next generation of the architecture he created all those years ago.
We talked and ate as he reiterated the fascinating history of the secret project
that resulted in the birth of a remarkable machine, which has survived mainly
because of his foresight and supreme effort. It was all far from plain sailing,
however, and plenty of skullduggery was afoot from a number of parties, not
least the design team themselves!
The story about the Amiga's genesis has been told before, but it is only
relatively recently that Jay and Commodore have been seeing eye to eye about the
machine and its evolution. Also, there are many little anecdotes untold
before now...
"The story starts in the early 1980`s with a company not originally
called Amiga, but Hi Toro, which was started by Dave Morris, our president, but
before all that I used to work with Atari and I wanted to do a 68000 machine
with them. We had just finished the Atari 800 box and they were not about
to spend another umpteen dollars on research for a 16-bit machine and the
processor chip itself cost $100 apiece. RAM was also real expensive and
you need twice as much. They couldn't see the writing on the wall and they
just said "No", so I quit!".
Jay Miner is not a man to say "No" to, and it's quite clear that
Atari must still be regretting their myopic decision. Anyway, Jay still
held the concept of an all-powerful 16-bit machine but the bills had to be paid.
"I went to a chip company called Xymos as I knew the guy who started it.
He gave me some stock and it looked like an interesting startup company (I've
worked for a lot of new companies). Going back to Atari, Larry Caplan was
one of the top programmers on the Atari 2600 video game. Him and the other
programmers wanted a pay rise, or at least a small royalty, a nickel per
cartridge in fact, on the software that was selling like crazy. Atari was
making a fortune and they said "No" so they all said "Goodbye"
and they went off and started a little company called Activision. Larry
rang me up about two years later in early '82 and said he wasn't happy at
Activision and suggested we start up a company. I had a lot of stock in
Xymos and suggested we get some outside finance from back East. We hired a
little office on Scott Boulevard, Santa Clara and they got a Texas millionaire
to put up some money. He liked the idea of a new video game company which
is what Larry Caplan wanted to do. He was going to do the software.
I had an idea about designing a games machine that was expandable to a real
computer and he though that was a great idea but didn't tell any of his
investors. I moved to Santa Clara from Xymos. They were still called
Hi Toro but the investors wern't too keen so they chose "Amiga" and I
didn't like it much - I thought using a Spanish name wasn't such a good move.
I was wrong!"
The design team at Hi Toro/Amiga was assembled from a bunch of people over
the next few months. Jay says that they were looking for people not just
interested in a job, but with a passion for the Amiga (codenamed Lorraine after
the president's wife) and the immense potential it offered.
"We worked out a deal whereby I got a salary and some stock and I also
got to bring my dog Mitchy into work every day. Dave did reserve the right
to go back on that one if anyone else objected but Mitchy was very
I asked Jay to sum up what it was like to work on the Amiga:
"The great things about working on the Amiga? Number one I was
allowed to take my dog to work and that set the tone for the whole atmosphere of
the place. It was more than just companionship with Mitchy - the fact that
she was there meant that the other people wouldn't be too critical of some of
those we hired, who were quite frankly weird. There were guys coming to
work in purple tights and pink bunny slippers. Dale Luck looked like your
average off-the-street homeless hippy with long hair and was pretty laid back.
In fact the whole group was pretty laid back. I wasn't about to say
anything - I knew talent when I saw it and even Parasseau [the "Evangelist]
who spread the word was a bit weird in a lot of ways. The job gets done
and that's all that matters. I didn't care how solutions came about even
if people were working at home.
"There were a lot of various arguments and the way most were sorted out
was by hitting each other with the foam baseball bats. The stung a bit if
you got hit hard. There was a conflict in the fundamental design
philosophy with some like RJ Mical wanting the low cost video game (the
investors side, you might say). Others like Dale Luck and Carl Sassenrath
wanted the best computer expansion capability for the future. This battle
of cost was never ending, being internal; among us as well as with the investors
and Commodore.
"You go through stages in any large project like the Amiga of thinking
"This looks great and it's going to sell really well", and then things
go wrong and you just want to quit!"
The unique spirit at Amiga was such that people worked tirelessly on their
various projects, remembering that the software was well on the way to
completion before any silicon had been pounded into the graphics chips.
Carl Sassenrath was brought in to do the operating system and was asked at the
interview "What would you like to design?". He just replied that
he wanted
to do a multi-tasking operating system, and thus was born the Exec which lies at
the very heart of the Amiga. Carl has maintained his close links with
Commodore and was instrumental in designing CDTV. Incredible really that
they opted for such a sophisticated backdrop for a games machine. Already,
strange things were afoot....
"I started thinking about what we wanted to design. Right from the
beginning I wanted to do a computer like the A2000 with lots of expansion slots
for drives, a keyboard etc. I'd also read a bit about blitters and so I
talked with a friend called Ron Nicholson who was also interested in them and he
came to join us. We came up with all sorts of functions for the blitter.
Line drawing was added much later at the request of Dale Luck, one of our
software guys. This was about two weeks before the CES show where the
Amiga was unveiled. I told him we can't put that in there as the chips
were nearly done and there wasn't enough room. He fiddled about and showed
me what registers were needed, so in it went".
The chips took three designers including Jay (who did the Agnus) almost two
years to design (1982-84) and throughout this time the ever-expanding software
team were working on what became the Amiga's operating system libraries and such
like. They had a pretty tough job writing for the most advanced, radical
hardware ever conceived for a home machine, and which didn't really exist,
except for a zillion and one ideas and a white board of obscure diagrams.
"Once you've got the design concept for the chips, all you need to do
then is pick names for the registers and tell the software people something like
"I'm going to have a register here that's going to hold the colours for
this part and it's called whatever." They can then simulate it in their
software. We then built hardware simulators called bread boards and that
was a chore. We originally did the chips using the NMOS process which has much
higher current consumption than the state of the art CMOS. I'm surprised
that Commodore haven't re-designed the chips in CMOS which is the big stumbling
block to bringing out a portable. We did that because at the time, CMOS
was much slower than NMOS and not as reliable. It's now much faster, so
why are Commodore still using NMOS for some of their chips?"
"Hold and Modify came from a trip to see flight simulators in action and
I had a kind of idea about a primitive type of virtual reality. NTSC on
the chip meant you could hold the Hue and change the luminance by only altering
four bits. When we changed to RGB I said that wasn't needed any more as it
wasn't useful and I asked the chip layout guy to take it off. He came back
and said that this would either leave a big hole in the middle of the chip or
take a three-month redesign and we couldn't do that. I didn't think anyone
would use it. I was wrong again as that has really given the Amiga its
edge in terms of the colour palette."
It was Commodore who wanted to leave things as NTSC/PAL output. We
wanted to make them RGB but monitors were so expensive in those days - IBM's and
Mac's were monochrome. I'd put the converter on the chip and this was a
very low cost way of doing things as it saved a lot of parts, but by the time
Commodore bought us, the bottom had fallen out of the video game market and we
were moving more towards a computer so Commodore agreed to finance RGB as well.
Seeing pictures of the early Amiga, it's almost impossible to imagine that
the piles of wires and boards could eventually be reduced to something the size
of an A500. The first Agnus was three lots of eight bread boards, each
with 250 chips, and this was repeated for the other two custom chips which were
nicknamed Daphne and Portia in those days and metamorphosed into Denise and
"Those were a nightmare to keep running with all the connections keeping
breaking down. They're still around somewhere. We hired lots of
other people to design peripherals which kept the notorious silicon valley spies
away from the office. All they could see were joysticks and they weren't
too much of a threat."
"In 1983 we made a motherboard for the breads to be plugged in, took
this to the CES show and we showed some little demos to selected people away
from the main floor. At the show itself, they wrote the bouncing ball demo and
this blew people away. They couldn't believe that all this wiring was
going to be three chips. The booming noise of the ball was Bob Parasseau
hitting a foam baseball bat against our garage door. It was sampled on an
Apple ][ and the data massaged into Amiga samples.CES was really important to us
as we were getting short of money and the response from that show really lifted
the team. We were still short of money and several re-mortgages later we
managed to keep up with the payroll. It's amazing how much it costs to pay
15 or 20 people!"
With things running desperately close, Amiga were forced to look for more
finance to keep the ball bouncing. They turned eventually to Jay's old
employer, Atari:
"Atari gave us $500,000 with the stipulation that we had one month to
come to a deal with them about the future of the Amiga chipset or pay them back,
or they got the rights. This was a dumb thing to agree to but there was no
They offered $1 per share but Amiga were hoping for much more than that.
The offer was refused and as Atari knew about the troubles of Amiga, they then
cut the offer to 85 cents a share. Commodore stepped in at the last minute
to scoop the prize from under the noses of their arch rivals and take the Amiga
for themselves, shelling out a mere $4.25 per share and installing the team in
the Los Gatos office. Jay continued the story:
"Tramiel [the president of Atari] was livid when he found out he couldn't
get his hands on the chips, as the whole idea of financing us was just to get
the chips, not the people designing them, unlike Commodore who needed to keep
the team intact. The Atari 400 and 800 [which Jay designed also] series
were great computers in their day, but you know things move on. When he
didn't get the chipset his only alternative was to design a new computer without
the custom chips so he came up with the ST. This wasn't a bad little
computer but lacked the power of the Amiga's chipset."
Tell us something we don't know, Jay!! What about MIDI, why wasn't that
"Actually MIDI isn't so far away from the standard serial port on the
Amiga, and soon after the machine was released, someone came up with a tiny
plug-in box that gave you all the MIDI inputs and outputs, but Commodore refused
to manufacture and push it which was one of my big disagreements with them.
If you've got a little company doing great third party products which makes your
machine so much more competitive, you've got to support them. Commodore in
the past have been too greedy, wanting everything for themselves without paying
for it, but I think they're changing. I hope they're changing, anyway."
The Amiga 1000 really didn't take shape until long after Commodore bought it.
The president had the idea of sliding the keyboard underneath the machine and it
took nearly a year to redesign the motherboard to fit in. Everything was
set and then Commodore decided that 512K of RAM was too much:
"They wanted a 256K machine as the 512 was too expensive. Back in
those days RAM was very pricey, but I could see it had to come down. I
told them it couldn't be done as we were too close to being finished, it would
spoil the architecture, etc, etc. Dave Needle came up with the idea of
putting the cartridge on the front which worked. I was in favour of
putting sockets on the motherboard so the user could just drop in the
As events turned out, Jay's opinion was vindicated when, on release, it
became patently obvious that the machine needed the 512K to do anything
meaningful and this was the shipping form in the UK. Commodore's short
sightednes cost the world another 6 months without the Amiga, during which time
RAM prices fell anyway!
"I spent this time polishing up the software/hardware documentation,
renaming registers to be more meaningful. This was actually time well
spent in the end."
Regular readers will know that I'm always going on about how wonderful
Intuition is to work with so I asked Jay to tell me a bit about its development.
"RJ Mical pretty much did it all himself. He was holed up for
three weeks (!) and came out once to ask Carl Sassenrath about message ports.
That's it, really! He wrote Intuition and went on to do the graphics
package, Graphicraft, as no one else could do it right. Remember the
Jarvik 7 heart animation - they actually talked to the guy and got permission to
draw it, and the animation was cycling the colour registers. A lot of
quite beautiful pseudo-animations were done that way. That's how we did
the rotating pattern of the bouncing ball. Other machines couldn't use
that system".
Once all the software was done, it was time for the big release of the A1000.
Jay's reaction:
"There were a lot of compromises which I didn't like, but it was better
than it might have been if we hadn't gotten our way on a lot of things. We
didn't get our way on everything, though. The 256K RAM was a real problem.
The software people knew it was inadequate but nobody could stand up to
Commodore about it. We had to really argue to put the expansion connector
on the side and this was before the deal was finalised so we were close to
sinking everything. The lowest cost way of doing it was the edge connector
and I'm glad it got through".
"Once the A1000 was out we were kind of at a loss. There was so
much dealer and developer support necessary that a large proportion of our
company went into that. We had 11 or 12 people in that and we wanted to
expand, but Commodore wouldn't let us, and in fact they made us lay off some
people. We tried to talk Commodore into building a machine with vertical slots
and they eventually came out with the A2000, but they weren't keen at first".
Once the Amiga was released, work at Los Gatos continued, but the days for
this fine, but maverick, design team were numbered.
"I was really pleased to see Commodore moving in the direction of the
A2000 - it was the first Amiga you could really tailor to your own needs and
this was one of the reasons for the success of the early Apples. We then
wanted to go onto horizontal slots, like the A3000 as that would be easier to
cool and shield - there was a design to do it but at that time the A2000 came
from Germany so that's the way we went. We wanted to do the
Autoconfiguration for the slots but Commodore weren't keen because it added 50c
to the cost, so we had a big battle with them and did it anyway. Our
divisional manager from Commodore was a guy called Rick Geiger. He was
pretty good at keeping Commodore off our backs. However, there were others
who were good at figuring out what we were up to and saying "No" all
the time. Sometimes Rick would protect us and he was trying hard to give
Commodore something they wanted badly, MS-DOS compatability. Some company
promised they could deliver a software solution but it never really worked knew
he was Jewish because he wore one of those funny little hats to work. That's
no problem for me - I didn't mind if people wore pink bunny slippers as long as
the job got done. Anyway, he promised MS-DOS on a small card to make an IBM
interface. He worked alone, and weeks went by with nothing appearing
despite all the promises which worried me a lot, and this really led to Rick's
downfall. He promised he could do it and nobody kept close enough tags on
him, always a few more weeks. Commodore started advertising and the board didn't
work so both men were canned. This was the start of the downfall for the
Los Gatos division. I've never really told this before as it was too
personal but I can't remember the designer now so it doesn't matter so much.
It shows that you need your peers looking over your work to get things right".
How important did you think PC compatability was going to be?
"Eventually Sidecar came out from Germany but there were a lot of bugs
in the software and the Los Gatos team helped with solving those. They did
that before the 2000. It's funny but I never really saw MS-DOS
compatability as being that important for the Amiga. I said at the time to
Commodore "Hey, we're different. Try to take advantage of that, not
imitate or simulate other people". We could make our commands more
similar to theirs. There's a tendancy when you're writing new software to
try and be different with names and functions, but it isn't really necessary.
We could do a better job than MS-DOS, which would have been enough with the
Amiga's superior operating system and colour resolution capabilities to take a
really big bite out of IBM. Instead they kept promising compatability and
not delivering which is worse."
After that, Commodore wanted the design team to move back East, and not
surprisingly they declined, so gradually the Los Gatos facility was closed down
and Jay left. We carried on talking about the interim period and also
about the staff recently at Commodore:
"The VP of engineering [Bill Sydnes] got canned. He designed the
PC Junior which really crashed, one of IBM's big mistakes, and gave the Amiga a
window of opportunity which Commodore failed to exploit - a little competitive
advertising would have gone a long way."
What about the overall handling of the Amiga over the years? Does it
annoy you that there are 10 times as many PCs as Amigas?
"Yeah, that really does annoy me. I don't have any financial
connections with Commodore any more so I don't get anything out of Amiga sales.
Things should have been a lot different. I still feel fatherly towards the
Amiga, more so than any of the Ataris. What frustrates me the most is that
people are missing out on something very special in the Amiga. They tell
me about their IBMs and wonderful Macs but they're still missing out".
The Toaster is a killer product over here, what do you think?
"It's a fantastic product. Commodore made a really big mistake in
not embracing the Toaster in its early days, and getting a real piece of it.
I never even envisaged it back in the design stages. TV image manipulation
just wasn't around then - I put genlock circuitry and sync signalling into the
first designs so that side of things we appreciated. I had no idea that
things like the Toaster were coming."
What would you like to see in the future?
"I'd like to see Commodore grab hold of one of these 24-bit cards like
the GVP or DMI boards and put it in as standard. The Amiga badly needs a
standardisation of high resolution 24-bit colour modes. The JPEG board
from DMI is another wonderful product which needs to be standard in high end
Amigas. They'll wait like they always do until someone else has made the
standard and try and add something in while others are going to make a bundle of
money - look at GVP. Gerard Bucas was VP of Engineering and he wasn't
doing things the way Commodore liked, so he left. He saw a chance to make
some money and look at the size of GVP - they're competing with Commodore. The
next generation Amiga needs a real time JPEG converter and 24-bit graphics to
stay ahead.
"I did get together with Lou Eggibrecht [the new VP Engineering] for
about 10 minutes and I was very pleased. He promised he'd fly out to have
dinner with me and talk about the Amiga. I asked him some questions about
the future direction of the chips and got the kind of answers I was looking for
- the kind of things we've been talking about. High resolution, new
architecture, more competitive. His understanding of the present
architecture was very encouraging. I'd love to work as a consultant for
them, but I don't know how much I could contribute."
What's your opinion of the A4000?
"You know, Commodore actually gave me one today at the show - the first
time I ever got anything out of them!
Putting the IDE drive onto the A4000 motherboard was a terrible mistake -
every previous Amiga has benefitted from SCSI. I'm really tickled with the
A4000 though. I was looking at it over the last few days and thinking how
could I get to buy one of these without the wife getting to know. I have
two A2000s which are fine for the BBS stuff I do at the moment.
They've improved the chipset in the 4000, taking the colours to 256 from 8
bitplanes. The higher resolution and more colours are really fast.
The MS-DOS interface [CrossDOS] is quite nice but I'm unhappy about the SCSI and
they didn't go to full 16-bit audio, but according to Eggibrecht that's coming
soon. I'm also a little disappointed they didn't use the 040's memory
management facilities. The 3.0 operating system looks very good with
datatypes and a number of other great features. Who needs MS-DOS and
What about CDTV?
"CDTV is quite a nice idea, but the software has to be right. Can
you think of anything more horrible than trying to read an encyclopaedia or the
Bible on a TV, rather than a nice crisp RGB monitor? As a low cost
entertainment system it's a good viable long term project. I hope
Commodore won't drop the ball if things aren't as good initially; they can take
on Philips."
What's your favourite products?
"I love the bulletin board software as that's what I'm into at the
moment. ADPro is also a fantastic program. I picked up a program called
Scala and I'd like to get into that - it's user interface is very impressive.
I have a GVP '030 accelerator and that's incredible. The hard drive on the
32-bit card is very fast indeed - it's like a new machine".
Talking with Jay Miner is one of the best experiences an Amiga owner can have.
He really is the Father of the Amiga and his passion for the machine is so
apparent. It's easy to understand the frustrations he must have at not
seeing things go exactly as he wanted, with the full potential of the machine
yet to be realised, some eight years after its release. One has to marvel
that it is still around and selling well given its superior competition and the
natural tendancy for serious users to turn to the IBM/Mac platforms. It's also
clear that the Amiga Corporation contained one of the most innovative design
teams ever assembled, and it is so tempting to speculate where the Amiga would
be today if they had stuck together, and the efforts of
Commodore had been more constructive. Their marketing people have yet to
understand what the Amiga is truly about, and why it is so special. Trying
to sell it as a PC is wrong as it is far more than a spreadsheet, word
processing machine. Unlocking doors is what the Amiga is remarkable
hardware justice. Only time will tell if the Amiga can make the impact it
is capable of and maybe Commodore should take on board the views of the Padre.
Obituário: Jay Glenn Miner
When the admirers of Jay Miner's contributions to invention and design
in computer technology gather Saturday to say goodbye to him, some
will remember Mitchy (Jay Miner's dog), too.
The little cockapoo had her own nameplate right below 'J.G. Miner' on
the door to his office in the Atari headquarters in Los Gatos. It was
back when Atari founder Nolan Bushnell's game of Pong was growing from
coin operation to home computer. Mitchy's photo-ID badge was clipped
to her collar as she trotted alongside her master into the building.
From the couch in his office, she viewed the designer at work.
Mitchy saw plenty in the years Jay Glenn Miner helped companies put
metal-oxide semiconductors to good use before he died of complications
related to kidney failure at the age 62 on June 20 in a Mountain View
'He was always designing', said his longtime colleague and friend,
Harold M. Lee, who hired Mr. Miner at Atari in the middle 1970s. 'He
never stopped designing'.
He designed some of the first digital voltmeters and calculators. For
Atari he developed the Video Computer system (VCS), which put its
games in millions of homes, and then he went to work on the design for
the Atari 400 and 800 computers. He put his touch on the chip that is
central to the Ventritex implantable cardiac defibrillator that can be
programmed externally.
But Mitchy was an observer, too, at Amiga Corp., the computer company
that Mr. Miner and David Morse co-founded and other observers view as
Mr. Miner's most notable achievement.
The Amiga computer, which in the early '80s produced color graphics
that only today are becoming commonplace in PCs, created a community
of avid adherents. It was Mr. Miner's dream to design a low-cost
machine that could run several programs simultaneously, handle video
and do it all in color. An Amiga did that for less than $1,300 (a
basic model sold for $750).
When Commodore acquired Amiga in 1984, the legion of Amiga loyalists
thought the world would beat a path to the better-mousetrap door. It
didn't happen. The Amiga languished.
Mr. Miner moved on to Ventritex, a Sunnyvale biotechnology company.
The defibrillator was his last project.
A native of Prescott, Ariz., he grew up in Southern California and
entered San Diego State University. It was Korean War time, and he
opted for the Coast Guard, which sent him to Groton, Conn., to
electronics school. At Groton, he also met Caroline Poplawski, whom he
married in 1952. After a three-year tour of duty, Mr. Miner brought
his bride to California and earned his electrical engineering degree
from the University of California, Berkeley in 1958.
For more than a decade he moved from company to company, many of them
Much of that time Jay Miner had lived with faulty kidneys and dialysis,
said his wife, Caroline. After Mr. Miner's sister, Joyce Beers, gave
him one of her kidneys in 1990, it gave him four more years.
Her husband was a man of many, and varied, interests, said his wife of
more than 42 years: bonsai, model airplanes, square dancing, camping
and backpacking.
Fans of the Amiga have attained cult status—that is, many behave as if they
were in a cult. As fantatical as Mac and Linux users may be, no computer has
attracted such loyal fans as the Amiga; even today, when the Amiga is
practically dead, there are still numerous proponents of this marvelous machine.
To understand the Amiga better, let's start with a little background.
Jay Miner, Dave Morse and RJ Mical got together in the early 80s and after
securing some funding, set themselves up in Silicon Valley. Naming themselves
Hi-Torro, they were interested mostly in producing video games hardware (e.g.
joysticks). Interested in maintaining secrecy, they assigned code-names to their
"products," often using women's names (their computer was named "Lorraine"), and
they named their company "Amiga"—Spanish for "girlfriend."
By the mid-80s, the market for game machines was deteriorating (as evidence:
note the fall of Atari and Intellivision)—the "PC" was on the rise. The
developers were out of funding and in their search for investors, attempted a
deal with Atari. While negotiations with Atari were underway, Commodore entered
the picture and provided the money Amiga needed. In return, Amiga became a
division of Commodore, and the first Amigas were produced.
The first Amiga was the 1000, followed by the 500 (confusing, eh?), and later
the 1500 and 2000, and even a 3000. The Amiga computers were built around
Motorola's 68K line of CPUs, just as were the Apple Macintosh computers and the
Atari ST (which Atari threw together after the Amiga deal fell through). However,
the Amiga went beyond—hardware-wise—its distant relatives (the Mac and ST) in
that it incorporated a number of custom chips for sound and video, which
lightened the CPU load, and allowed the Amiga rather amzing performance. In
time, SCSI was added. Indeed, while the Macs of the time were only black and
white (and had tiny screens), and PCs needed expensive add-on cards to do any
sort of color and graphics, the Amiga did 4096 colors with ease. It did sound
quite wonderfully—it was a multi-media PC years before the term was coined.
However, Commodore made several errors with the Amiga, the first of which was
the attempt to introduce a set-top box—about a decade too early. The 4000 was
over-priced, and the CPU and bus became a bottleneck for the newer Amiga systems.
Commodore eventually went bankrupt and its assets were sold off for about $10
million US to a German firm, which also failed to succeed with the Amiga. After
many twists and turns, Gateway bought the Amiga and started
Amiga, Inc.. Their goal seemed to be to 1)
develop a new Amiga Operating System and to 2) develop new Amiga hardware, and
in pursuit of these goals, it appeared that Gateway was willing to licence Amiga
technology rather liberally.
Commodore was rarely the driving force behind the Amiga's devlopment. Poor
documentation led to users tinkering under the hood and knowing more about their
computers than Commodore's engineers did. In fact, it is rather easy to argue
that some of the most creative and resourceful hackers in the past two decades
have come from the ranks of Amiga users. After Commodore's demise and Apple's
switch from the 68K line to the PowerPC, various expansion board options
appeared for the Amiga. Throughout its history, the Amiga has had extensive 3rd
party hardware support.
As of now, you cannot go to a store and pick up a new Amiga. Most people on
the lookout for a used Amiga system to pick up are already Amiga users, and the
chance that the Amiga's marketshare will grow any time soon is zilch.
Furthermore, any new "Amiga" to come out will hardly be be a "true" Amiga,
despite the name. The best they can do is attempt to stay true to the Amiga's
design concepts, which themselves may or may not be relevant in today's computer
However, for someone lucky enough to have or to find an Amiga, there are many
reasons to hold on to it and cherish it—and use it.
As impressive as the hardware feats the Amiga pulled off were, an equal share
of the glory must go to the OS. (An historical look at the OS's development and
features will not be attempted here. Such information, however, is welcome) The
Amiga operating system offered a pre-emptive multi-tastking kernel and windowing
system—and it was small, fitting in a tiny amount of RAM. Even
the last releases of the Amiga's OS make Apple's and MS's offerings look like
bloated piles of bug-ridden and inefficient code (that they are is
another matter...). The GUI employed (the Work Bench) was simple and clean, and
rather easy for new users to get used to. Numerous 3rd party enhancements helped
to add a level of customization that other OSes could only dream of at that time
(and even today in many regards). The one major "flaw" of the Amiga's OS was its
lack of memory protection (but seeing as other "PC" OSes lacked/lack this
feature as well, it doesn't seem like a great stumbling block).
The Amiga was tailored for multi-media work, partially due to its emphasis on
games (which have often driven graphics and sound standards forward) and
partially due to its customized hardware, and Amigas still play important roles
in television (Babylon 5, for example). There are many older games for the
Amiga, and even more recent ones have been ported (Myst, Quake, etc.).
However, that is not to say the Amiga only does games and graphics. There are
productivity applications and network/internet programs available, many of them
of very high quality. In short, almost anything a normal user would want to do
with a computer can be done on an Amiga&$8212;and as many Amiga users would
argue, can be done with greater joy on an Amiga.
Yet, one has to remember, the Amiga is out of production and has been
neglected. Its user-base has shrunk, and the latest and greatest new
applications simply are not going to be released for the Amiga. The technical
superiority the Amiga could rightfully claim over the Mac, Atari, and IBM PC no
longer really exists: PCs have the marketshare and hence tons of software and
hardware, and are quite cheap; Apple has gotten back on track; and the Ataris ST
is dead and buried. Times have changed, and the arguments for the Amiga
seem a great deal like nostalgia. Furthermore, the Amiga is not for all users or
uses. The Amiga OS is not the best server OS around, and the OS in general is
showing its age. (However, one would then have to add, there are forms of Linux
and *BSD for Amiga computers, and these can very well make good server OSes.)
Finding an Amiga can be difficult, and even if one is found it may be useful (or
necessary) to perform memory, disk, and processor upgrades that the
average user is not willing to make.
Some argue the Amiga is dead, and we should all let it rest in peace.
Not so, I would argue. The more the merrier in the world of computers and
operating systems. Amiga, Inc. announced their partnership with QNX with regards
to the "new" Amiga OS, and it is still quite possible to upgrade those older
For some, using a real Amiga is out of the question. Luckily, there is an
Amiga emulator&$8212;UAE&$8212;which runs on most platforms. In the Linux/Unix/X
world, it is even possible to make your Window Manager under X look like&$8212;and
behave to some extent like&$8212;the Amiga's Work Bench, so for those mourning
the loss of their Amiga, there is still hope...
A lot of the intellectual mass that once collected around the Amiga
now pushes Linux forward, and old Amiga users were clearly the target of the
BeOS. Still, the Amiga is a beautiful thing, and while it may be on life support,
it is clearly not dead, for as recent years have shown, you don't necessarily
have to have commercial backing to survive as a computing platform.
Acima | Commodore | Jay Miner
Este site foi atualizado em
Copyright ©
2003-2005 Rabayjr.com


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Home > Health & Wellness > Health Library > Stroke: Common Disabilities
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Alton brown beef jerky recipes
Recipes / Alton brown beef jerky recipes (1000+)
Cattle Ranch Beef Spread
439 views
Cattle Ranch Beef Spread, ingredients: 1/3 c. finely-minced beef jerky - (abt 3 ounce), 1
Ground Beef Jerky
2587 views
Beef Jerky, ingredients: 1 1/2 to 2 lbs. extra lean grnd beef
Beef Jerky A La Willie
522 views
Beef Jerky A La Willie, 3 tsp Pepper, 2 Tbsp. Brown sugar, 1 lb Lean beef, 1 x Liquid
Drying Barbecued Beef Jerky
227 views
Beef Jerky, ingredients: 3 lb Lean beef
Barbecued Beef Jerky
229 views
Beef Jerky, ingredients: 3 lb Lean beefwine vinegar, 1/4 c. Brown sugar, 2 Tbsp
Dennis' Beef Jerky
149 views
Beef Jerky, ingredients: 3 lb Beef, extra lean *, 1/2 c. tsp Seasoned salt, 4 tsp Brown
My Beef Jerky Sharon Stevens
142 views
Beef Jerky Sharon Stevens, ingredients: 1/1/2 c. Water, 1/4 c. Brown sugar, 1/2 tsp Black
Hey, Alton Brown has never made that... But I did
161 views
enjoyed about Alton Brown's philosophy recipe Taco Potion #19 2/3 cup low-sodium beef
Beef Jerky Recipe
6234 views
cookies, Jeff breaks out his hand written beef jerky recipe, which as you can see, has
An Extremely Tasty Lesson In Sauerbraten
73 views
recipes call for reducing by half, some call for thickening agents (Alton Brown that beef
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Recipes from the Grill
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Recipes from the Grill, Recipes cooked on the grill, whether it is beef, pork, vegetables
Bay Area Moms Favorite Recipes
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Bay Area to join, but please don't add any recipes that you don't think are wonderful
Quick and Easy Professional Recipes
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Quick and Easy Professional Recipes, We've selected the easiest recipes to prepare from
Great Recipes for Lent
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for Lent, Fish and other meat-less recipes perfect for those Fridays during Lent., main
Dutch Oven Recipes
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Oven Recipes, A group dedicated to creating, reccomending and reviewing recipes using
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St. Patrick's Day Dinner Party
just search on Corned Beef and Cabbage to find all the recipes you desire!, cuisine: Irish
Back to School Lunchbox Recipes
Recipes, Instead of the boring prepackaged spice up boring brown bag lunches. Leave
Indian Recipes
Indian Recipes, U can deep-fry the plain Noodles till it turns golden brown and Put them
July 4th Recipes - All American Food!
Food!, Spice up this 4th of July with recipes sure to keep family and friends coming back
Bastille Day Recipes and Ideas!
food and festivities. These French inspired recipes are sure to be a hit anytime
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Beef Jerky Recipe : Alton Brown : Food Network
Food Network invites you to try this Beef Jerky recipe from Alton Brown.
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beef jerkey. Rated: 5 stars out of 5. great recipe. recipe Beef Jerky. Anonymous 03-07-2006 ... Alton is the best. recipe Beef Jerky. ADAM Columbia, MD 08-02-2005 ...
Jerky Recipe : Alton Brown : Food Network
Food Network invites you to try this Jerky recipe from Alton Brown.
Urban Preservation II: The Jerky : Good Eats : Food Network
AB takes a loving look at an ancient food for the new millennium: beef jerky. How to shop for it, make it with a window fan, and then how to actually ...
Jerky Tomato Sauce Recipe : Alton Brown : Food Network
Food Network invites you to try this Jerky Tomato Sauce recipe from Alton Brown.
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What the recipe doesn't mention is that on the actual episode, Alton uses 4 ... Beef Jerky. Rated: 5 stars out of 5. It just doesn't get any better or easier than this. ...
Recipe courtesy Alton Brown, 2005. Ingredients: Meat, Beef. Cook Time 12 hrs. Level ... Alton Brown cooks up a thick, hearty, delicious stew with beef jerky. ...


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Savings to Date
The IT Power Management program currently has 1422 users who are saving an average of $1,187 every month. Savings to date totals over $21,000.
LSU is pleased to announce an exciting new undertaking that will significantly lower our energy usage. Recently, we completed a highly successful test of innovative software that drastically reduces the amount of energy used by our computers. The software manages the individual PC power settings based on criteria we set specifically for our campus. Automatically, the software manages to this defined power plan.
Our test of the software resulted in savings of $20 per computer, and expanding the program to the 6,000 machines that are on the LSU domain will result in reduced energy usage and increased energy savings. Depending on how quickly the clients are installed, this could result in a three year saving up to $350,000, reducing carbon emissions the equivalent of taking more than 1620 cars off the road.
We want to do our part to reduce carbon emissions while significantly reducing operating expenses. Energy cost and demand is rising across the United States. U.S. companies waste nearly $4 billion annually powering unused computers. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that automating PC power management can cut PC-related energy costs by 60% or more. Research shows that controlling PC power can reduce total energy consumption in an organization up to 15% and extend the life of their PCs.
Surprisingly, an average PC left on all day and night consumes more electricity than the average refrigerator. How many of us would leave an unused refrigerator running all day? Yet, it is easy to forget to power down your computer when you leave for the day or are away from your desk for an extended period.
How will this affect me?
The software we will be using, PwrSmart™ by New Boundary Technologies, automatically puts your PC in a low power state when it is not being used. This Energy Star® compliant software incorporates self-monitoring and self-controlling features to maximize energy savings with minimal impact to you during the workday. The most significant change you will notice is that you may have to move the mouse or hit your power button after being away from your computer for an extended period. In some instances, you may have to turn on the power to your computer when starting your workday. It is that simple.
Will I notice any other changes?
No. All the action is behind the scenes. We will monitor our energy savings and make appropriate changes if necessary. If you have any detailed questions, please let us know. Thank you in advance for your participation in this exciting project and helping us make an impact.
For more information:
LSU Tiger TV Report on PwrSmart™- click here
Opt Out Committee Members – click here
Power Point Presentation to TSPs – click here
Power Point Presentation to Staff Senate – click here
FAQs – click here
How to Deploy - click here
Case Study – click here


text:
SCAN is an Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales project, which helps schools promote Education for Sustainable Development.
October 2008
Climate change: what's occurring?
Humankind is the 'Earth's biggest threat'
The world's top scientists are in no doubt that human activity is changing our climate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says the evidence is 'unequivocal' that increased warming since the industrial age is due to human activity.
What do you think we should be doing to tackle climate change?
What are your questions?
There are many ways you can make a difference. The first step is to understand climate change.
Amgueddfa Cymru-National Museum Wales and Science Shops Wales are touring an exhibition and talks to promote the understanding of climate change. If you would like to find out more e-mail email@example.com
Conserving Government Propaganda prints from the Great War
Historic Photography Project (Esmee Ffairburn)
Linking Natural Science Collections in Wales
Research in Norway and the Barents Sea
St Fagans National History Museum Making History Project
recent entries
A Window into the Industry Collections


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Benefits and Services
Whether you graduated from St. Mary's College of Maryland, or any of it's predecessor schools, you are part of the College's alumni family.
As an alumnus/alumna, you will continue to hear from St. Mary's through publications, such as The Mulberry Tree. You will be invited to attend events on campus, such as the annual Reunion Weekend and Governor's Cup, as well as the alumni chapter programs held throughout the State of Maryland, the District, and Virginia.
In addition to the value of your education at St. Mary's, there are other benefits to becoming a St. Mary's alum. Special privileges are accorded to St. Mary's alumni that allow continued access to College facilities and services. Some are free and some are offered at a reduced cost.
I want more information on:
Alumni Lodge (May Russell Lodge)


text:
The purpose of this project is to be able to have a list of all of the Jewish Mayors outside of Israel. This project will be listed by continent, then by country and finally town or city.
South Africa
Cape Town
- Fritz Sonnenberg, Mayor from 1951 to 1953
- Maurice Freeman, Mayor
- Julius Koenig Mayor
Bendigo, VIC
- Daniel Barnet Lazarus - At 26 he was the youngest mayor in Victoria when elected in 1893 and the first locally born mayor of Bendigo.
Melbourne, VIC
- The Hon. Edward Aaron Cohen, MLA, Mayor of Melbourne 1862-63
- Sir Benjamin Benjamin, Mayor of Melbourne 1887-1889
Tamworth, NSW
- Nathan Cohen, Mayor of Tamworth in 1882 and 1883
- Gerald Goldberg, 1st Jewish Lord Mayor of Cork in 1977.
- Ben Briscoe, Jewish Lord Mayor of Dublin for one term, 1988-1989
- Bob Briscoe, First Jewish Lord Mayor of Dublin, serving two terms - 1956-1957 and 1961-1962
- Jacques Wallage, serving from October 1, 1998 until June 25, 2009
United Kingdom
- Sir Otto Jaffe, was Lord Mayor of Belfast in both 1899 and 1904.
- Charles Mozley (1863-1864)
- Louis Samuel Cohen (1899-1900)
- Cyril Eric Carr, C.B.E. (1981) Died in office on 1 November 1981
- Edwin M. Clein (2000-2001)
- Ron Gould (2003-2004)
- Alan Dean (2005-2006)
- Sir Benjamin Samuel Phillips, first Jewish Alderman and was Lord Mayor of London, serving in 1865. Also served as Sheriff of the City of London before becoming Lord Mayor.
- Sir David Salomons, first Jewish Lord Mayor of London, serving in 1855. Also was the first Jewish Sheriff of the City of London
North America
- Mel Lastman, first Jewish mayor of the current City of Toronto, and the only Jewish mayor of the former City of North York
- David Oppenheimer, first Jewish Mayor and the second Mayor of Vancouver. Before becoming Mayor, he was one of the founding Alderman. Held office from 1888 to 1891.
Atlantic City, New Jersey
- Harry Bacharach, 5-time Mayor (1912 for 6 months, 1916-1920, 1930-1935)
Cincinnati, Ohio
- Julius Fleischmann, heir to the yeast company and one of the city's youngest mayors
- Murray Seasongood was chosen by the city council to be Mayor from 1926 to 1930.
- Jerry Springer was chosen by the city council to be Mayor for one year, 1977-1978
Circleville, Ohio
- Ben Gordon, elected 7 times as mayor
Dallas, Texas
- Adlene Harrison On February 11, 1976, Adlene Harrison became the acting mayor of Dallas after the presiding mayor's resignation. She was the first Jewish woman to become mayor of a major American city, as well as the first woman mayor of Dallas.
- Annette Strauss
Donaldsonville, Louisiana
- Marx Schoenberg was appointed mayor in 1870 and murdered on election day, Nov 8, 1870.
Durham, North Carolina
- Emanuel J. "Mutt" Evans, served as the mayor of Durham, North Carolina for six consecutive terms from 1951 to 1963. Mayor Evans was married to Sarah Nachamson, sister of Doris and Naomi.
Gastonia, North Carolina
- Leon Schneider, Mayor of Gastonia from 1954-1957. Mayor Schneider was married to Naomi Nachamson, sister of Sarah and Doris.
Huntington, West Virginia
- Harold L. Frankel, Mayor of Huntington for four terms - in 1957 to 1958, 1958 to 1959, 1974 to 1975, and 1977 to 1978. An interesting note is that Mayor Frankel was married to Doris "Dodi" Nachamson of North Carolina. Two other Nachamson sisters were married to the Jewish mayors of the Southern towns of Durham and Gastonia, North Carolina.
Jefferson, Texas
Kinderhook, New York
- Major Mordecai Myers, first Jewish Mayor in 1838.
New York City
- Abraham David Beame, First Jewish Mayor of NYC
- Michael Bloomberg
- Edward Irving Koch, 3-term mayor
- Fiorello H. LaGuardia, 3-term mayor
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Sophie Masloff who was 70 years old when she took office. Her image as a "little Jewish grandmother" made her a well liked figure. She was the first woman to hold that office. Held office from 1988 to 1994
- Samuel Pettigrew, who held office from 1832 to 1836. He was appointed by City Council and then won the first mayoral election.
Richmond, Virginia
- Solomon Jacobs was acting Mayor from 1818 to 1819.
San Francisco, California
- Adolph Sutro, 24th and first Jewish Mayor, held office for one term (January 7, 1895 – January 3, 1897)
Savannah, Georgia
- Herman Myers, 43rd and first Jewish Mayor, held office for 5 two-year terms (1895-1897, 1899-1907)
Schenectady, New York
- Major Mordecai Myers, first Jewish Mayor in 1851 and served again in 1854.
Woodbridge, New Jersey
- Joseph Rabinowitz,Mayor from 1910-1918.


text:
Back to the Old School trend with the Full Skirt Trend. I love this trend because its sophisticated and Classy. Match it with heeled pumps to give it an elegant look.
Have you "Liked" Flo~Fix Image consulting page on Facebook? Are you following us on Twitter ? So much going on, we don't want you to miss any of it. Please click on link.


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Enrique Iglesias - Official Website
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love that interview, love enrique !!! he's the best ever !!!
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Sweet interview, thanks for typing it out..Sarah
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Posts Tagged: Robbin Thorp
Goodbye, Franklin's Bumble Bee?
Let's have a show of hands.
How many of you have seen Franklin's bumble bee in the wild?
Never HEARD of it, you say?
Well, you probably will never SEE it, either. Bumble bee experts think it may be extinct.
Franklin's bumble bee is native to southern Oregon and northern California, but in recent years, it's been a "no show."
"Franklin's bumble bee has the most restricted distribution range of any bumble bee in North America, and possibly the world," said UC Davis researcher Robbin Thorp, a noted authority on bumble bees. Its range is about 190 miles north to south and 70 miles east to west in a narrow stretch between southern Oregon and northern California, between the coast and the Sierra-Cascade ranges.
Its known distribution: Jackson, Douglas and Josephine counties in Oregon, and Siskiyou and Trinity counties in California. It lives at elevations ranging from 540 feet in the north to 6800 feet in the south.
Thorp launched his scientific surveys for Franklin's bumble bee in 1998. He documented about 100 of them that year. They were, he said, fairly common.
Since 2004, however, he's seen the unique bumble bee only once. And that was a solitary worker in August 2006 at Mt. Ashland, Ore.
The black-faced bumble bee (Bombus franklini) is distinguished by a black inverted U-shape on its yellow thorax. See Thorp's photo below. Note also the yellow markings atop its head.
Franklin's bumble bee frequents (or shall we say, "used to" frequent) California poppies, lupines, vetch, wild roses, blackberries, clover, sweet peas, horsemint and mountain penny royal during its flight season, from mid-May through September. It collects (or shall we say "used to" collect) pollen primarily from lupines and poppes and gathers nectar mainly from mints.
Thorp just returned from the region in mid-May and found nothing. He journeys to the region three to five times a year, spending several days looking for the bumble bee on each trip.
It's not there.
Thorp is concerned, as we all should be, that humankind is disturbing, destroying and altering the habitat where the native pollinators exist.
He'll be speaking on the plight of the bumble bee from 12:10 to 1 p.m., Wednesday, May 27 at 122 Briggs Hall, UC Davis. His talk will be Webcast. You can view it by signing in here at that time. Later, it will be archived on this page.
Bumble bees, Thorp said, are important to our ecosystem. Wildlife, including birds, elk, deer and bears, depend on pollination of fruits, nuts and berries for their survival.
Other species of bumble bees are commercially reared to pollinate greenhouse tomatoes, peppers and strawberries. They pollinate about 15 percent of our food crops, valued at $3 billion, Thorp estimated.
Goodbye, Franklin's Bumble Bee? Hello, distinction?
Robbin Thorp
Ol' Blue Eyes
It wasn't the Battle of the Sexes.
It was the Battle of the Males.
I spotted two male carpenter bees buzzing loudly over the salvia (sage) in our back yard Saturday morning. Each was lying in wait for a female, but instead found a competitor.
Now male carpenter bees are quite territorial and these two were no exception. The would-be suitors chased one another all over the yard, from saliva to salvia. One would buzz into a blossom for a quick nectar fix and the other would aggressively chase it away.
One stopped long enough, however, for me to capture his photo.
Ol' Blue Eyes.
UC Davis entomologist-pollinator specialist Robbin Thorp, professor emeritus, identified this male as a Xylocopa tabaniformis orpifex Smith
It's the most common carpenter bee in the Davis area, Thorp said. "It loves to nest in redwood structures: fences, arbors, picnic tables, etc. It is the smallest of the three carpenter bees in California. The males are quite variable in hair color on the thorax: from virtually all dark, to some yellow in front of the wing bases, to virtually all yellow on top."
Another carpenter bee increasingly found in the Davis area is the valley carpenter bee. The sighting of the male, a green-eyed fuzzy yellow "teddy bear," prompts lots of calls to the UC Davis Department of Entomology. "What is it?" they ask.
We point them to our Web page for the scoop on the three types of carpenter bees found in California.
As spring unfolds, expect to see more of them.
Ol' Blue Eyes
Ol' Green Eyes
Just Wanna Be Your 'Teddy Bear'
When you think of a teddy bear, you think of a huggable stuffed animal.
Not so entomologists. When they think of a teddy bear, they think of the male Valley carpenter bee.
It's a green-eyed, fluffy golden insect that's nicknamed "teddy bear." You can hug it, too. Unlike the females, male carpenter bees don't sting.
When a Davis resident recently cut down a plum tree, hordes of buzzing insects tumbled out. Seeking identification, the resident carted a chunk of the wood and the golden insects into the Bohart Museum of Entomology.
What were they?
"Male carpenter bees, Xylocopa varipuncta, also known as Valley carpenter bees," said entomologist Lynn Kimsey, director of the Bohart Museum of Entomology and professor and chair of the UC Davis Department of Entomology.
"Some of us refer to these males as 'teddy bear' bees, because of their yellowish-brownish color and fuzzy burly bodies," said UC Davis emeritus entomology professor Robbin Thorp, who studies pollinators. "The females are all black with violaceous (violet) reflections on their dark wings."
Carpenter bees, so named for their ability to tunnel through wood to make their nests, carve with their mandibles (jaws) but do not ingest the wood. Only the females excavate the tunnels, which average six to 10 inches in depth.
Thorp says he tries to convince people to learn to live with these bees as "they are important pollinators in our environment and have potential as pollinators of some crops."
"Carpenter bees are beneficial in that they pollinate flowers in native plant communities and gardens," he said. "That far outweighs any damage to wood structures."
California is home to three carpenter bee species. I've seen X. tabaniformis orpifex buzzing around my backyard but never The Golden One.
Until now.
What a gorgeous insect!
Green Eyes
Brian Turner
Those Dratted Mites
Those dratted mites.
UC Davis entomologist Robbin Thorp, emeritus professor and a native bee pollinator specialist, sent us a BBC report linking a varroa mite infestation to a devastating honey production loss in the UK. It's the worst honey crisis ever to hit the UK.
In short: beekeepers are concerned that by Christmas, there may be no more domestically produced honey left on the supermarket shelves.
The mite infestation has already killed off an estimated quarter of the UK's honey bees, according to BBC correspondent Jeremy Cooke, who said about "one in three colonies has been wiped out."
The varroa mite, or the Varroa destructor, is a nasty pest. Now found in most countries (Australia is an exception), it's an external parasite initially discovered on the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana. Over the last few decades, however, it has spread to the Western honey bee (also known as the European honey bee), Apis mellifera.
The varroa mite entered the UK in 1992, reports show. It has since spread throughout England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
The blood-sucking parasite feeds on both adults and the brood (immature larvae). It weakens the bees, opening them up to all sorts of diseases. And eventually, if not controlled, it will destroy the colonies.
The bad news is that the varroa mite cannot be completely eradicated, but with proper control methods, the mite population can be kept at a low level.
When California State Secretary of Agriculture A. G. Kawamura visited the Harry H. Laidlaw Jr. Honey Bee Research Facility at UC Davis last month, bee breeder-geneticist Susan Cobey showed him dead mites on a hive floor. (See story on UC Davis Department of Entomology site.)
Kawamura is no stranger to bees or bee pests. As a youth, he reared bees--until the infectious bee disease, American foulbrood, upset his plans.
To control the mite, beekeepers usually use a combination of management methods. They use biotechnical methods and chemical controls. Unfortunately, in some areas, the varroa mite is developing resistance to miticides--another worry for beekeepers.
Said Cobey: "You need to reduce mite levels in colonies by late summer--August/September--to have healthy bees in spring."
Cooperative Extension apiculturist Eric Mussen of UC Davis says that in California, the Department of Pesticide Regulation "is close to approving another chemical treatment" to help control the mite problem.
It may be ready by next spring.
The mites will be waiting.
Mite on Drone
Mites on Hive Floor
Heaven Can Wait
They danced in it, rolled in it, and bathed in it.
The honey bees just couldn't get enough of the rock purslane (Calandrinia grandiflora).
Last week when we visited
Nearby, two other bees, sisters in honeyhood, shared the same flower as another honey bee tumbled happily out of her flower and made a beeline for the next one.
Ernesto Sandoval, curator of the College of Biological Sciences Greenhouses at UC Davis and Robbin Thorp, emeritus professor of entomology at UC Davis, say that bees love Calandrinia grandiflora. The plant, native to Chile, blooms here in late summer and early fall.
"It has has bright red-orange pollen that honey bees love," Thorp said.
They do, indeed.
What do you mean, I'm too big?
Flight of the honey bee


text:
Blog updates directly to your inbox.
Years ago, we moved to a large Midwestern city, and I went job-hunting to fund the necessities and my husband's grad school expenses. My brief resume earned me the chance to interview with the owner of an established business firm. He took one look and told me kindly that the interview wouldn't be necessary--I appeared to be too young. Customers expected the main office to exude tradition and credibility, an image this applicant didn't fit. At least I remembered my manners and rose and said something about appreciating his time, etc. My accent must have registered, because from halfway down the hall came, "Wait, don't go--you're from Texas!" Long story short: this gentleman had been stationed in Texas during World War II. He said that the kindness of Texans helped him through an otherwise miserable experience, and he pronounced Texans to be "the best people in the world". He also gave my resume another look. I was hired, bills were paid, and the job proved to be a great fit on both sides.
That's one of my favorite perks about being a Texan--praise by association. This year's Round Rock Reads! selection--Texas in Her Own Words--helps to explain why we Texans generally have stories such as this one to share. Tweed Scott's compilation of anecdotes and musings from all sorts of Texans appeals to both natives and those wishing to figure out what that mystique (Tweed calls it the "T chromosome") is all about. And the author undoubtedly has tales of his own to tell, some of them having to do with the eye-opening experience of creating and publishing a book.
You'll have an opportunity to talk to Tweed Scott on Thursday, April 24, at the La Frontera Barnes & Noble, 2701 Parker Road. This final program of 2008 Round Rock Reads! is one we've been especially looking forward to--a chance to take library programming "on the road" and enjoy Barnes & Noble's hospitality while interacting with a real, live author. Bring your questions, stories, and curiosity on Thursday evening at 7:00 PM. See you there!
Gambler, cowboy, racehorse owner, gold miner, entrepreneur, outlaw--Sam Bass was many things. No one ever accused him of civic mindedness, however. Yet, Sam Bass Road, Sam Bass Youth Baseball, Sam Bass Community Theatre, and the Annual Frontier Days re-enactment of his final shootout attest to our fascination with his career. How is it that the calculating bank robber and killer morphed into a colorful local legend? Are we sentimental about his death on his 27th birthday? No matter--the city of Round Rock has gained a bit of western glamour by association with Mr. Bass. In a way, he has given back to the community from which he intended to take quite a lot.
Speaking of names that figure prominently in Round Rock geography and architecture: haven't you wondered about the McConicos of McConico Building fame? How about the Carlins? They're everywhere and have been for about five generations, and the same is true of the Mercers. Joanne Land, who served as city secretary for over 30 years, is the daughter of Williamson County sheriff Henry Matysek, commemorated by a portrait bust on the courthouse grounds.
The first time I navigated out to La Frontera by way of Hester's Crossing, I knew there must be a story behind that street name. Hank Hester knows it, and he'll be on hand at Round Rock in Her Own Words Thursday, April 17 at Round Rock Public Library. Other panelists with history to share include Patsy McConico Anderson, Delfino Bryan, David Carlin, Jesse Mercer Carson, Robert Organ, and Joanne Land. Come at 7:00 for the ice cream social (with free Blue Bell ice cream!), then enjoy the presenters and an open mic for the audience, which will include descendants of Swedish settlers. Take an opportunity to meet and chat with Tweed Scott, author of this year's Round Rock Reads! selection, Texas in Her Own Words.
Dale Ricklefs, Round Rock Public Library director, and Chris Dyer, Williamson County Historical Museum director, will facilitate this evening of Round Rock memories and answers to those "I always wondered..." questions that occur to you as you drive around the city. Round Rock in Her Own Words will be video and audio recorded, but you'll want to experience this event in person.
First, a note of thanks to SOS (Save Our Springs Alliance) executive director Bill Bunch and author Tweed Scott: they shared in last night's screening of The Unforeseen and responded to some thoughtful questions and comments from the audience. The classy, comfortable theater facility lent to us by Round Rock Higher Education Center enhanced my appreciation of that wonderful film.
Afterward, driving home from the new RRHEC building, by way of IKEA, the outlet mall, and a few other this-could-be-anywhere suburban amenities, my husband and I passed by the Round Rock. It has witnessed much during the area's rapid growth from the sleepy town of 2700 (in 1970) to the busy city of 96,000 today. Many who were here in 1970 have moved on, but a number of the families who were part of the early heritage remain. Like the rock, they testify that the city retains its unique core identity, hidden under a few layers of modernity.
Dale Ricklefs, director of Round Rock Public Library, has witnessed close to three decades of the city's transformation. And, as she recruited panelists for Round Rock in Her Own Words, she learned even more from citizens linked to the town's past. Dale was told, for example, that Round Rock has almost always been a fairly diverse city. Of course, we've read about the segregated schools, but did you know that the Hispanic school merged with the white school in 1948?
Consider setting aside an opportunity--Thursday, April 17 at 7:00 PM--to enjoy free Blue Bell ice cream and get the scoop on Round Rock's past. Some of the historic goings-on, from the advent of the early Swedish settlers through the turbulent 20th century, might surprise you!
"In the early 1980s, the library captured the voices of individuals now passed on, such as C.D. Fulkes and Noel Grisham. Twenty-five years later, we will capture the voices and images of those who 'lived' Round Rock in the 1940s to early 1960s, before IH-35 split the city in half, the water crisis of the late 1970s, and today's traffic gridlock." - Dale Ricklefs
Am I the only local Robert Redford fan who just learned that Redford spent time in Austin during his formative years--and that he learned to swim at Barton Springs pool? A number of film reviews for The Unforeseen allude to this, along with the fact that the actor/director cites that experience as having "awakened him to the natural world."
As co-producer (along with Terrence Malick) of the film, Mr. Redford intends for another awakening to occur--one in which we realize that the outcome of the approximately 30-year battle over land usage in the Barton Springs watershed affects all of us. Certainly, Central Texans can already appreciate that, as a result of political moves that overturned Austin's anti-growth ordinance, Barton Springs is now (according to Kevin Kelly's Sundance review) "practically a beaker full of evidence" against land overdevelopment. However, as underwater views of Barton Springs from 1996 contrast with recent ones, evidence warns that this is more than a before-and-after account; it's a this-could-happen-to-you tale. Sequels to this drama could be set anywhere in the world.
The Round Rock Reads! free screening of director Laura Dunn's The Unforeseen is set for Monday, April 7 (7:00 PM) at the Round Rock Higher Education Center. The documentary offers more than a compelling true story. Called "poetic and gorgeous" (reviewer Natalie McMenemy), The Unforeseen demonstrates the influence that personal agendas and business interests can exert to devalue the environment--our ultimate long-term investment.


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"Truth is like the sun. You can shut it out for a time, but it ain't goin' away." ~~ Elvis Presley
"A liar will not be believed, even when he speaks the truth." ~~ Aesop
"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to heaven, we were all going direct the other way – in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only." ~~ Charles Dickens, "The Tale of Two Cities"
"Words are often like buoys. They tell others where we are but little of what lies below." ~~ Noah benShea
"Do the things you know, and you shall learn the truth you need to know." ~~ Louisa May Alcott
"Truth is powerful and it prevails." ~~ Sojourner Truth
"Women hold up half the sky." ~~ Mao Tse-Tung
"It is in our idleness, in our dreams, that the submerged truth sometimes comes to the top." ~~ Virginia Woolf
"Truth burns up error." ~~ Sojourner Truth
"A taste for truth at any cost is a passion which spares nothing." ~~ Albert Camus


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Visit your online medical record today.
Drum roll, please… We are happy to announce that Steve and Vicki Mix have agreed to serve as honorary chairs for the Beaufort Memorial Hospital Foundation's annual Duke Symphony Orchestra Concert on March 22, 2014. Steve and Vicki have been longtime supporters of both Beaufort Memorial Hospital and Duke University and have been involved in the concert throughout its eleven year run.
"We always enjoy the concert as well as hosting some of the students at our home that weekend," says Vicki. "My husband, my daughter, and my sister-in-law are all graduates of Duke so it's easy – and special – for us to bond with the students. We are proud of the Duke students for volunteering their talents to our cancer program and our hospital, so it's really a win-win." Proceeds from the concert support BMH's Healing Arts Program at the Keyserling Cancer Center and in the main hospital.
Steve and Vicki are no strangers to Beaufort Memorial. In addition to helping make the Duke Symphony Orchestra Concert a success, they have co-chaired the Valentine Ball and been loyal supporters of the BMH Foundation. Vicki has served on the board of the foundation, following in Steve's mother's footsteps. Today, Steve works in the hospital's outpatient rehab program. An avid lepidopterist (butterfly collector), Steve even donated his breath-taking display of South American butterflies to BMH's Healing Arts Program. "We knew the perfect place in the hospital for the butterfly display," said BMHF Executive Director Alice Moss. "The piece hangs in our Women's Imaging Center for patients and guests to enjoy while they wait; it is unique, beautiful and soothing."
You can join Steve and Vicki at this year's concert at USCB's Center for the Arts. Conductor Harry Davidson returns with over 60 Duke students to perform works of well-known and emerging classical composers. "The conductor really engages the audience," says Vicki. "It adds a lot when he gives you background on the composer and the history of a piece before it is performed. We know this will be a special evening."
General admission tickets are $35. Patron tickets start at $75 and include premium seating and an invitation to the post-concert conductor's reception. To purchase tickets, visit www.bmhfoundationsc.org or call (843) 522-5774.
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A Majority Of Americans Recognize The Threat Diabetes Poses To The Nation's Health And Have A Solid Understanding About The Disease And Its Consequences. (Graphic: UnitedHealth Group)
A majority of Americans recognize the threat diabetes poses to the nation's health and have a solid understanding about the disease and its consequences, according to a new survey from UnitedHealth Group (NYSE: UNH).
November is National Diabetes Month – an opportunity for people to turn awareness into action and play a part in helping to tackle the epidemic, which is taking a toll on the health and financial well-being of individuals, families, communities, businesses and the nation's health system.
UnitedHealth Group's national survey, conducted via telephone with more than 1,000 U.S. adults age 18 and older, found that:
- 92 percent of respondents know there is a difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes;
- 82 percent recognize that type 2 diabetes is largely preventable;
- 73 percent believe they will not necessarily get diabetes just because it runs in their family;
- 60 percent know the definition of the term "prediabetes";
- 84 percent are familiar with leading diabetes risk factors including: being overweight (80 percent), a family history of diabetes (76 percent), lack of exercise (74 percent), high blood pressure (59 percent), high cholesterol (58 percent), and being age 45 or older (48 percent); and
- 85 percent have had their blood sugar level tested and know the result.
Complete survey results can be found here ( http://www.businesswire.com/cgi-bin/mmg.cgi?eid=50470280&lang=en)."People are taking notice that we face a public health crisis in the form of obesity, prediabetes and diabetes, so the opportunity now exists to turn awareness into actions like eating healthier, increasing physical activity, being tested for risk factors or joining prevention programs," said Deneen Vojta, M.D., senior vice president of UnitedHealth Group and chief clinical officer of the Diabetes Prevention and Control Alliance (DPCA). "Our national conversation around the diabetes epidemic has entered a new era; it's time national actions do the same." To learn more about what Americans have to say about the threat diabetes poses to the nation's health, visit: www.unitedhealthgroup.com/diabetes. Reversing a Preventable Epidemic According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are about 26 million American adults with diabetes. More than 90 percent of them suffer from type 2 diabetes, the often preventable form of the disease. Currently about 35 percent of the U.S. adult population has prediabetes, putting 79 million Americans at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. UnitedHealth Center for Health Reform & Modernization research shows that more than half of all Americans will have diabetes or prediabetes by the end of this decade. "By 2021, about 40 million American adults will have diabetes and another 100 million will be diagnosed with prediabetes – at a cost of $3.5 trillion over the next decade," said Tom Beauregard, executive vice president of UnitedHealth Group and executive director of the UnitedHealth Center for Health Reform & Modernization. "Given these figures, it's clear there is a diabetes time bomb ticking in America, due in large part to the escalating obesity rates in our country. Practical steps can be taken, however, to defuse this time bomb."
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Eagle Scout Hands In His Award Over Boy Scouts' Anti-Gay Policies
I was never a Boy Scout growing up, but I remember that, for those who were, attaining the rank of Eagle was a high honor,
Bryan Fischer: Conservatives Should Embrace Discrimination
Bryan Fischer, hate group spokesmodel extraordinaire, thinks conservatives are just too shy when it comes to discriminating against gay people. Of course, he uses the
Earth to NOM: People Know When They're Being Used
NOM made embarrassing headlines earlier this year when it was revealed that they cynically planned to pit black Americans against the LGBT community, in an
"Seeds Of Hatred Planted In Sick Minds"
We're still on this Pastor Worley thing. Hopefully it will be over soon. However, here are two clips that are interesting to watch back to
Devastating Video: It Could Happen to You
For the past two weeks I've been reading through stories people have sent in about how DOMA hurts them and the ones they love, in
Is DOMA Causing You Financial Hardship?
Earlier this month I wrote a piece about how the "Defense of Marriage Act" unfairly punishes same-sex couples during tax time, which was prompted by
Press Secretary Grilled On Obama's Rejection of Non-Discrimination Executive Order
This is a really interesting exchange from today's briefing with White House Press Secretary Jay Carney. As Andy said, The Washington Blade, Metro Weekly, and
Can a Man Be Raped? The LAPD Doesn't Appear to Think So…
On August 31, 2009, James Hornik was raped by another male in Hollywood, California. Naturally, Hornik contacted the Los Angeles Police Department to report the
David Pakman Interviews Stacey Campfield About Gayness, Getting Thrown Out of a Knoxville Restaurant, Etc.
This is hilarious. Tennessee's Stacey Campfield, author of the state's now infamous "Don't Say Gay" legislation, who last week explained, among other things, that AIDS
Bachmann, Various Minnesota Wingnuts To Sell Anti-Gay Marriage Amendment By Refusing To Talk About Amendment
This is priceless. Just absolutely, breathtakingly priceless. Wingnuts in Minnesota are pushing a constitutional amendment to write anti-gay discrimination into that state's constitution, and here


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Dr. James
W. Fetzner Jr.
|Software Programs:
Great Circle Calculator (MS Excel)
For Microsoft Windows (but might work with other versions of Excel).
For use with the Nested Clade Phylogeographic Analysis (NCPA). An Excel workbook that will quickly calculate
the Great Circle Distance (in kilometers or miles) between populations, given the latitude and longitude in decimal degrees.
DDConverter (VB.Net)
A Windows(R) program that converts latitude and longitude coordinates among the most popular formats (DD, DMS, UTM).
Requires that the Microsoft .NET framework v1.1 be installed. Visit Windows Update to download and install this component.
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Last Updated: September 27, 2005


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You, The Living
By Mark Grube ~ Posted Thu, 07/08/2010 - 8:16am
Such a nice fantasy... it makes me happy. It's from a film by Swedish director Roy Andersson. You can find the DVD (which has a bonus feature showing how they made this scene) at the Brighton Library.»
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When I let my bronco sit over night the fuel pump doesn't want to build pressure but if you drive it all day its fine I have changed the pressure regulator and all the relays associated with the fuel system.Any Ideas?
1990 Ford Bronco
Ford Q&AAsk Your Question
1990 Ford Bronco Question: fuel system
Answer #1patrick mannion from Greg Solow's Engine Room, September 08, 2009, 19:31Master
I have seen the fuel pressure regulator leak on these, (twice in several years on the same truck).
Things to verify and check are fuel pressure and delivery, if these are low verify voltage at the fuel pump prior to condemning the pump. Voltage drops can significantly reduce pressure/delivery.
Fuel volume should be about a pint of fuel in 10 seconds and fuel pressure should be 35 to 45 psi key on engine off and 30 to 40 psi with the engine running. Do you get power to the fuel pump when the engine is being cranked over? These have an inertia switch but if it failed the truck would not start at all but check the voltage at the red wire at the inertia switch to see it is getting full battery voltage on cranking and running conditions. If the voltage is low check the voltage on the brown wire at the inertia switch which gets its power from the fuel pump relay (brown wire). It in turn gets its power from the blue 20 Gauge fuse link (link W).
ReplyHeywood, March 01, 2014, 10:22Rookie
Patrick, you sure put a lot of effort into your response to this guys' question. You were very thorough and helpful.... Nice work man
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Natural History Museum, London, 15 – 19 July 2013.
The Natural History Museum is pleased to host the International Association of Bryologists (IAB) 2013 conference. The mission of the conference is to strengthen bryology by encouraging interactions among all people interested in bryophytes.
The full schedule of talks and sessions at this year's IAB conference.
Register here for IAB 2013 and the post conference field excursion.
After the conference we are arranging a field excursion to North Wales.
Submission process and formatting guide for oral and poster presentations.
A list of suggested accommodation near the Museum.
Find out how to get to the Museum.
News, events, pictures and videos from the International Association of Bryologists
Botanical diversity researcher in the Plants Division, Life Sciences department.
Senior Curator for algae.
Emeritus Professor of Botany.


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Imagine sitting in a natural amphitheater overlooking picturesque Gamble Bay on a warm August afternoon in the Pacific Northwest and looking out where once the oldest operating sawmill in the United States processed and shipped lumber all over the West Coast. Steeped in history, Port Gamble is the perfect place to have one of the West's few maritime music festivals. Now in our ninth year, we've played host to the cream of the Northwest maritime music community and continue to have much fun doing it!
About Us
2014 Schedule
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Adam Gunser / Monopoly
CommercialsDell / Selfie Betfair / Cashout Dell / Filmmaker V Energy / Silence The Troll McDonald's / Monopoly Skof / Pong Pong Shapes / Sizzling Summer Telecom / Pacman My Charge / My Charge Telecom / Smile EDNZ / Spa Ford / Balloons
Long FormKilling Phillip / Introduction
Adam started out at Art school with lofty ideas of becoming a very serious painter. He quickly developed a distaste for the serious and changed his major to Filmmaking, a decision he is paying for to this day.
After graduating with the top marks in the country, he started his professional career making music videos for some of New Zealand's biggest bands. This quickly transitioned into commercials with Adam's first foray into the genre (a viral for Ford) resulting in a Silver Lion at Cannes as well as a swag of other awards.
From that ominous start, he has kept momentum continuing to receive awards for his subsequent work including two silvers at the Young Directors Awards in Cannes for his disturbingly awkward Education NZ spots.
Adam has recently worked with clients as varied as Cadbury, Griffens, Ford, Lotto, Pascal, Sky TV and Telecom and is fast becoming known for his strong visual approach to comedy as well as his boyish good looks.


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Update: Sergio Albiac has just sent me my very own Stardust Portrait! Awesome. My face is made of stars.
Happy Friday, dear readers! I hope this week has been fruitful for you, and that there is a relaxing and rejuvenating weekend in your near future.
To inject a little inspiration into your Friday (does Frinspiration work as a word? No?), I'd like to start doing a little something new each week: posting a short article about the crossover between science and technology and other areas of life, like art, education, politics, music, language and fun ('fun' sounds like it belongs in a list of subjects, right?).
It is certainly not the case that science belongs only to scientists, i.e. people who 'do science' on a regular basis. Science is a part of all of our lives and it doesn't exist in only one form, confined to a lab bench or a computer terminal. Exploration and understanding of our world is common to all humanity and I think it's fascinating how people interpret and apply science differently. This new More Than Science series is intended to showcase the myriad of wonderful ways that science and humanity intersect, staying true to the ethos of this website.
First up: Art & Science Journal, which I was only recently introduced to via one of my tumblr followers.
This website and print journal bills itself as the place 'where art and science collide'. From their website:
Established in December 2011, Art & Science Journal is a biannual publication and website based in Ottawa, Canada. Art & Science Journal focuses on artworks concerned with science, nature, and technology. Our mission is to promote, explore, and inspire the wonder that occurs when art and science collide. We strive to be an informative and engaging resource for educators, students, and artscience enthusiasts alike.
The art that Art & Science has been presenting lately is indeed wonderous and includes:
Stardust Portraits – see the first image above – which has been all over my social media news feeds this week. These portraits are generated from photographs emailed to the artist – Sergio Albiac – by anyone who fancies their face made of stars. Sergio has created an automated process that takes images from the Hubble telescope and re-scales those images into a collage of the person's face. The results are stunning and provide a literal interpretation of the fact that we are all made of stardust. (I submitted a photo earlier this week. When Sergio gets back to me with my very own face galaxy, I promise to post it here.)
The Drawing Machines of Harvey Moon. Artist Harvey Moon created a machine from a servo and two motors, run by an Arduino (an open-source electronics prototyping platform) that is programmed with an algorithm that tells it how to move a pen across a page to produce a given image. According to this piece about his work, Harvey always had a hard time trying to draw himself, so he created a machine that could do it for him. He creates the rules and systems that operate the Drawing Machine, but he has no control over the finished product, which seems an intriguing method of artistic expression.
One example of the beautiful results is shown to the left.
Harvey is currently using his drawing machine to create a series of works that takes satellite images from Google Earth.
Finally, Unwoven Light is an installation by artist Soo Sunny Park at the Rice Gallery in Houston. "Composed of 37 individual sculptural units, the installation uses iridescent plexi-glass embedded in pieces of a chain link fence to cast shimmering, colorful reflections across the spacious gallery. The fence-like wire loses its industrial qualities, becoming the framework for something closer to bubbles or butterfly wings." If I were in Houston, I'd definitely check this out.
Until next week, dear readers!
Yours in the pursuit of spaceships,


text: POPSUGAR Tech Etiquette Cell Phones and Restaurants Don't Mix . . . or Do They? Cell Phones and Restaurants Don't Mix . . . or Do They? by Tech 1/14/10 10 Reactions 0 Shares Print 0 0 0 0 0 A recent blog post by a San Francisco restaurant critic raised some lively debate over whether or not it's OK to put your cell phone on the table next to you at a restaurant. Many find the practice rude, or at the very least, obtrusive when servers are unable to place plates on the table because of too many gadgets. And while most Yum readers called the practice a "don't," I'm curious what you think. Is there ever an appropriate time to leave your phone on the table when dining out? I think if you're at a restaurant to enjoying a meal with someone else, gadgets should stay off the table, but a bar or other social situation might call for different etiquette. Even better, how about adding coat-check style charging stations at restaurants to eliminate the problem all together? That's an idea I could get behind! 0 0 0 0 0 Read More EtiquetteRestaurantsGeek Out Get inspired with our daily newsletter Enjoy gorgeous decor ideas, fast and easy recipes, and more in your inbox. Tech Vegetarian Home Food Love & Sex DIY Sign up with antishay 4 years For me, it really depends. **I will keep my phone on the table if... ... I'm with a group of other tech-geeks who will have theirs out ... I'm in very casual company or large groups ... I don't think anyone would really care ... the place is loud enough or the group is loud enough that I might be texting someone across the table ... the situation calls for regular tweeting/facebooking **I will keep my phone in my purse if... ... I'm in a business or formal setting ... I'm on a date with someone whose preference I don't know ... I'm at an upscale place where it seems inappropriate ... I'm with people more than a generation older than me Pretty strange rules, I guess, but they all form a pattern :P If I'm in the comfortable, company of peers, my phone is almost always out. Otherwise, I judge the situation based on the company, setting, and formality of the meal. Great discussion topic! JessieSP 4 years Your phone should be out of the waiters way, that's rude to keep unneeded things on the table that don't need to be there. Then when something spills on it the customer complains and wants it repaired or a new gadget. Lay your phone/gadgets inside of your bag, on the top of your other items, like on top of your wallet, or place it in your upper shirt pocket. I say keep your gadgets out of the way and don't talk on them, loudly, while sitting there. Other people don't want to hear your loud conversation while they're trying to eat and enjoy their company peacefully. Don't be rude. jessy777 4 years I keep my phone on the table only if I do not have pocket. I hate to keep it in my bag because you can never find it when it rings in order to silence it. There is nothing I hate more than listening to phone ring while someone searches their back to silence it. That is far ruder than placing a small gadget on the table. jennjennnbubba 4 years I don't think it is inappropriate to have you celly out while dining but I think to continuously use/play on it while enjoying someones company is rude. yu1 4 years If I'm out with friends and we're just hanging out, sure I place it on the table. Never at a formal dinner or lunch that calls for a certain amount of respect. I do think it is slightly obnoxious! I'm always with my phones so if I'm at an impromptu lunch/dinner I can't help but have them by my side or slide them under my wrists. sourcherries 4 years No no no NO! Honestly, it is sooo incredibly rude and annoying, even if it is a "casual" place or environment. If you are so attached to your phone, please, stay at home and explore the wonders of all your apps. >( starangel82 4 years I love cell phones and am rarely without mine, but I never take it out (and keep it silenced) during meals, in theaters, or while driving. While cell phones are a convenience, they have also made us a very rude society. Nothing makes me madder than some one's cell phone ringing in the middle of a movie. staple-salad 4 years I only do it if I'm at an informal dining place (fast food, something on campus, etc) and if I'm expecting a call or text. Normally I'd keep my phone in my pocket, but I'm pretty sure my phone has unofficially been ruled "worst phone on the market" (AT&T Quickfire) and doesn't vibrate for texts anymore so I have no way of knowing if I have a text or not if it's not on loud or right next to me. FreakingMuse 4 years Why not just leave it in the bag? Most women carry one so it should hardly be a proplem. You can hear/feel the phone if someones tries to contact you and it is not as rude as having it lying next to you, silently telling the other person "I want to be prepared in case someone more interesting than you tries to contact me". Actually, I don't care because my phone is always in my bag but I can understand people who are pissed when phones are lying on the table. LilGlamDiva 4 years I think it depends a lot on the situation. Like if I'm with people who I'm really close with who don't care, I don't worry about it so much, but it's like any other kind of etiquette, I wouldn't do it on a date, or with people who wouldn't approve (different generations, etc) Also, I always make sure everything is out of the way when the food comes. If I were a server that would drive me nuts. so rude too... Link Love 2014 was probably a good year for you if you posses these skills — ReadWrite Take a look at the 20 best ads of 2014 — Co.Create 6 percent of the population might be addicted to the Internet — Newser Sidecar wants you to know you can request a female driver — BuzzFeed Tech These selfies are just downright sad — Chip Chick The truth behind the "real girls" you follow on Twitter — POPSUGAR Fashion


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By now, you've probably already had 6Scan enabled on your website for some time. Chances are you've received some sort of notification (SMS, or via Email) that vulnerabilities have been found on your website. Don't panic, as 6Scan makes resolving these issues easy. As you can see from the screenshot below, I've created a test website using an older version of WordPress. 6 vulnerabilities have been found.
Now feels like a good time to mention why you need to keep your scripts/applications updated to the latest version at all times. There's a few reasons these applications are updated quite often.
- Release new features and improvements
- Patch vulnerabilities, and further secure the code
With a subscription to 6Scan (not required) these vulnerabilities can be fixed automatically upon discovery. Otherwise, the free version you simply click each vulnerability and get a detailed explanation of the problem, and how to fix it. See below —
Clicking the 'Manual Fix' button opens a popup window that tells you which file to edit, and how to edit it. In the case of this example WordPress installation, upgrading to the latest version would be the best choice rather than manually editing the files. There is also a 'Technical Details' link that provides information (if available) about the technical issue related to the vulnerability.
Easy right? That's it for managing vulnerabilities.


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|Name: _________________________
|Period: ___________________
This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 2 The Sea.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is coming their way?
(a) A storm.
(b) A tidal wave.
(c) His father.
(d) A group of warriors.
2. Who might his father think had taken his son?
(a) Moana, the Sea God.
(b) Kana.
(c) Maui, the Goddess of Fishermen.
(d) His mother's spirit.
3. What happens eventually and gradually?
(a) Mafatu becomes more nervous.
(b) The sun sets.
(c) The storm lets up.
(d) The storm picks up.
4. What is Mafatu afraid will disappear, if he takes his eyes off of it?
(a) Uri's body.
(b) The wedge of land rising out of the sea.
(c) Kivi.
(d) His father's canoe.
5. How does Mafatu feel about his inability to conquer his fears?
(a) Nervous and shy.
(b) Slightly embarrassed but eager to keep attempting.
(c) Unfulfilled and ashamed.
(d) Anxious to try again.
Short Answer Questions
1. What wakes Mafatu at midnight?
2. Suddenly, what does the bird do?
3. What does the sky cast upon the tiny canoe?
4. When morning comes, who is with Mafatu?
5. How long do they stay in the sea?
This section contains 198 words
(approx. 1 page at 300 words per page)