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Achilles Tendon Problems
Topic Overview
What is the Achilles tendon?
The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscle to the heel bone. It lets you rise up on your toes and push off when you walk or run.
What are common Achilles tendon problems?
The two main problems found in the Achilles tendon are:
Achilles tendinopathy. Achilles tendinopathy includes one of two conditions:
- Tendinitis. This actually means "Inflammation of the tendon," but inflammation is rarely the cause of tendon pain.
- Tendinosis. This refers to tiny tears (microtears) in the tissue in and around the tendon caused by overuse. In most cases Achilles tendon pain is the result of tendinosis, not tendinitis. Some experts now use the term tendinopathy to include both inflammation and microtears. But many doctors may still use the term tendinitis to describe a tendon injury.
- Achilles tendon tear or rupture. An Achilles tendon also can partially tear or completely tear (rupture). A partial tear may cause mild or no symptoms. But a complete rupture causes pain and sudden loss of strength and movement.
Problems with the Achilles tendon may seem to happen suddenly, but usually they are the result of many tiny tears to the tendon that have happened over time.
What causes Achilles tendon problems?
Achilles tendon problems are most often caused by overuse or repeated movements. These movements can happen during sports, work, or other activities. For example, if you do a lot of pushing off or stop-and-go motions when you play sports, you can get microtears in the tendon. Microtears can also happen with a change in how long, hard, or often you exercise. Microtears in the tendon may not be able to heal quickly or completely.
Being out of shape or not warming up before exercising may also cause Achilles tendon problems. So can shoes with poor arch supports or rigid heels.
An Achilles rupture is most often caused by a sudden, forceful motion that stresses the calf muscle. This can happen during an intense athletic activity or even during simple running or jumping. Middle-aged adults are especially likely to get this kind of injury.
A rupture most often occurs in sports such as basketball, racket sports (including tennis), soccer, and softball.1 A tendon already weakened by overstretching, inflammation, or small tears is more likely to rupture.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms of Achilles tendon problems include swelling in the ankle area and mild or severe pain. The pain may come on gradually or may only occur when you walk or run. You may have less strength and range of movement in the ankle.
A rupture of the Achilles tendon may cause a sudden, sharp pain. Most people feel or hear a pop at the same time. Swelling and bruising may occur, and you may not be able to point your foot down or stand on your toes.
How are Achilles tendon problems diagnosed?
Your doctor can tell if you have an Achilles tendon problem by asking questions about your past health and checking the back of your leg for pain and swelling. The doctor may ask: How much pain do you have? How did your injury happen? Have you had other injuries in the ankle area?
If your symptoms are severe or do not improve with treatment, your doctor may want you to get an X-ray, ultrasound scan, or MRI.
How are they treated?
Treatment for mild Achilles tendon problems includes rest, over-the-counter pain medicine, and stretching exercises. You may need to wear well-cushioned shoes and change the way you play sports so that you reduce stress on the tendon. Early treatment works best and can prevent more injury.
Even in mild cases, it can take weeks to months of rest for the tendon to repair itself. It's important to be patient and not return too soon to sports and activities that stress the tendon.
Treatment for severe problems, such as a torn or ruptured tendon, may include surgery or a cast, splint, brace, walking boot, or other device that keeps the lower leg from moving. Exercise, either in physical therapy or in a rehab program, can help the lower leg get strong and flexible again. The tendon will take weeks to months to heal.
Although treatment for Achilles tendon problems takes time, it usually works. Most people can return to sports and other activities.
Frequently Asked Questions
Learning about Achilles tendon problems:
Being diagnosed:
Getting treatment:
Ongoing concerns:
Health Tools
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|Achilles tendon rupture: Should I have surgery?
Achilles tendinopathy is most often caused by:
- Overuse or repeated movements during sports, work, or other activities. In sports, a change in how long, intensely, or often you exercise, or a change in your environment (such as going from a flat surface to a hill or from a paved road to a dirt road) can cause microtears in the tendon that are unable to heal quickly and will eventually cause pain.
- Injury from repeated push-offs or a stop-and-go motion, common in such activities as running, basketball, tennis, or ballet dancing.
- Poor conditioning or warm-up (as when you start a new activity or have not stretched before and after an activity).
- Shoes with poor arch support or rigid heels that do not cushion the heel.
Achilles tendon rupture is most often caused by:
- Sudden, forceful motion that stresses the calf muscle, such as during an intense athletic activity or even during simple running or jumping, especially in middle-aged adults. A rupture most often occurs in sports such as basketball, racket sports (including tennis), soccer, and softball.1
- Overstretching the tendon during any activity when the tendon is already damaged because of Achilles tendinopathy or another condition.
- Previous corticosteroid injections (in the past, a common treatment for overuse tendon injury). Corticosteroids can weaken or break down tendon tissue, making it more likely to rupture.
Symptoms of Achilles tendinopathy may include:
- Pain in the back of the heel, in the Achilles tendon area. Pain may be mild or severe, and swelling may occur.
- Tenderness in the Achilles tendon area. Tenderness may be more noticeable in the morning.
- Stiffness that goes away as the tendon warms up with use.
- Decreased strength and movement, or a feeling of sluggishness in the leg.
Symptoms of an Achilles tendon rupture may include:
- A sudden, sharp pain that feels like a direct hit to the Achilles tendon. There may be a pop when the rupture occurs. This may be followed by swelling and bruising.
- Heel pain (may be severe).
- Not being able to go on tiptoe with the hurt leg.
If you have a partial rupture (tear) of the Achilles tendon, you may have near-normal strength and less pain after the initial injury, compared to what you experience after a complete rupture.
What Happens
Achilles tendinopathy
Achilles tendinopathy starts with repeated small tears in the tendon, causing no obvious symptoms or mild to severe pain during movement. As the tearing continues, the leg may weaken and the tendon pain may become constant. Abnormal growths (nodules) may develop in the tendon, and it may thicken.
Resting and treating your injured Achilles tendon will likely reduce the pain. Stretching and exercising in physical therapy or a rehabilitation program will restore flexibility and strength in your lower leg. Warming up the lower leg and Achilles tendon will help promote healing and keep the condition from getting worse as you resume more intense activities, such as sports or stair climbing.
Without rest and treatment of Achilles tendinopathy, you may develop long-lasting (chronic) pain.
Achilles tendon tear or rupture
An Achilles tendon can partially tear or completely tear (rupture). If your Achilles tendon has ruptured, your leg may be weak, and walking may be difficult.
A tear usually occurs in the tendon about 1.5 in. (3.8 cm) to 2.5 in. (6.4 cm) above its attachment to the heel bone. Some health professionals believe that this area is most likely to tear or rupture because of a limited blood supply.
If you treat an Achilles rupture with:
- Surgery followed by a rehabilitation program, you will likely regain full movement and function.
- A cast, brace, splint, walking boot, or other device that keeps your lower leg from moving (immobilization), the tendon will most likely heal but may not be as strong as before the injury and may be more likely to rupture again. Exercising, in physical therapy or in a rehabilitation program, will help restore flexibility and strength in the lower leg.
If you do not treat an Achilles rupture, you will feel weakness in the first steps when walking, with a feeling similar to that of walking in the sand. Eventually, walking will become difficult.
Other Achilles tendon problems
Other conditions can affect the Achilles tendon area alone or along with tendinosis. These other conditions are caused by inflammation and include:
- Achilles paratenonitis , which is an inflammation of the covering of the Achilles tendon. Symptoms include tenderness, pain, and swelling in the Achilles area, all of which are usually worse during activity. This is also called Achilles peritendinitis.
- Retrocalcaneal bursitis , which is an inflammation of the small fluid-filled sac (bursa) between the back of the heel bone and the Achilles tendon, just above the point where the tendon connects to the bone. The inflammation causes swelling, tenderness, and pain on the back of the foot. See an illustration of the retrocalcaneal bursa.
- Insertional Achilles tendinopathy , which is damage in the area where the tendon attaches to the heel bone. Symptoms include tenderness on the lower back of the heel and less ability to overflex the foot. Pain tends to be worst after exercise and can eventually become constant. This condition often develops along with retrocalcaneal bursitis.
What Increases Your Risk
Factors that increase your risk for Achilles tendinopathy or rupture include the following.2
- Sports and physical activity. Because overuse and repeated movements can cause injury and weaken the Achilles tendon, playing sports increases the risk of an Achilles tendon injury. Activities at work (such as in construction) and at home (such as gardening) may also increase your risk.
- Sports training errors. Not warming up before and after running or other activities or suddenly changing your training program can increase your risk for injury. Increasing your distance, running uphill more often, or changing your ground surfaces (for example, from pavement to sand) too quickly can increase your risk.
- Age. As you age, the blood supply to the Achilles tendon area decreases. Most cases of Achilles tendinopathy or rupture occur in people older than 30.
- Weight. If you are very heavy, you have a greater risk of an Achilles tendon injury.
- Being male. Men are more likely than women to have an Achilles tendon injury.
- High cholesterol. If high cholesterol runs in your family, you have a higher risk of Achilles tendon pain and problems.3
Risk factors for an Achilles tendon rupture include:
- A previous injury to the Achilles tendon.
- A previous rupture of the Achilles tendon.
- Corticosteroid injections in the Achilles tendon, which can weaken the tendon.
- Using quinolone antibiotics, especially if you are older than 60 and/or are taking corticosteroids by mouth.4 Quinolones include ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin.
- Having osteoarthritis, gout, or rheumatoid arthritis.
- Having received dialysis or having undergone a kidney transplant.4
When To Call a Doctor
Call your health professional immediately if you think you have an Achilles tendon problem (at or above the back of your ankle) and:
- The back of your heel and ankle are very painful.
- You felt a sharp pain like a direct hit to the Achilles tendon.
- You heard a pop in your Achilles tendon when injured.
- You are unable to walk comfortably.
- Your Achilles tendon area has begun to swell.
- You have signs of damage to the nerves or blood vessels, such as numbness, tingling, a pins-and-needles sensation in your foot, or pale or bluish skin.
If you have had an Achilles tendon injury in the past and you have reinjured your Achilles tendon, call your health professional to find out what you need to do. Rest your lower leg and foot until treatment begins.
Watchful Waiting
Watchful waiting is a period of time during which you and your health professional observe your symptoms or condition without using medical treatment. Watchful waiting is not appropriate if you have severe pain in the Achilles tendon area. If you think you have injured your Achilles tendon, call your health professional. Early treatment is most effective in healing the Achilles tendon.
If you think you have Achilles tendinopathy, rest your lower leg and foot for a couple of days and avoid any hard activity. Use ice and pain-relieving medicines to reduce the pain and swelling, and follow the other steps in the Home Treatment section of this topic. If you have weakness, cramping, or constant pain in your Achilles tendon, call your health professional.
Who To See
Health professionals who can diagnosis and treat an Achilles tendon problem include:
- Emergency medical specialists , for sudden and severe (acute) Achilles problems.
- Family medicine physicians or internists who are familiar with foot and ankle injuries.
- Podiatrists who are familiar with sports injuries.
- Sports medicine specialists .
- Orthopedic surgeons , particularly for an Achilles rupture.
You may be referred to a physical therapist for exercises to rebuild your Achilles tendon and leg muscle strength.
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
Exams and Tests
Your health professional will usually diagnose an Achilles tendon problem through a medical history and physical examination. During the physical exam, he or she will:
- Check for tenderness. Achilles tendinopathy usually makes the tendon tender to the touch.
- Check your lower leg for gaps in your Achilles tendon, thickening of the tendon, nodules on the tendon, or bony growths on the heel bone.
- Compare your legs to see what is normal motion and how the injury (tendinosis or rupture) has affected the lower leg and ankle. Your health professional will check for changes not only in strength but also in nerve and circulatory symptoms, such as lack of feeling in the area.
To help identify a tear or rupture, your health professional will:
- Squeeze your calves. How your feet move when your calves are squeezed can help diagnose a rupture. A partial tear of the Achilles tendon can be difficult to diagnose when there is minimal pain and near-normal strength after the initial tear. If there is a partial tear, the calf squeeze test may be normal, but a defect may be felt in the tendon.
- Observe how you stand and walk. A sign of a ruptured tendon is not being able to walk on your toes. You may or may not be able to stand and bear weight.
Further tests may be done to clarify a diagnosis or to prepare for surgery. These tests include:
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to evaluate Achilles tendinopathy. See an illustration of an MRI of the Achilles tendon.
- Ultrasound , to evaluate whether there is a rupture of the tendon, or signs of tendinopathy.
- X-rays, to evaluate the heel bone.
Treatment Overview
Treatment for Achilles tendinopathy includes rest to allow the tendon to heal, and steps to increase strength and flexibility to prevent further injury. Treatment for an Achilles tendon rupture includes surgery or a cast, splint, brace, walking boot, or other device that will keep your lower leg from moving (immobilization). Early treatment usually results in better healing.
Achilles tendinopathy
To treat Achilles tendinopathy, your health professional will advise you to:
- Rest the lower leg and foot, avoiding any hard or intense activity for 6 to 12 weeks and until symptoms go away.
- Switch or modify sports or other activities that may have caused the tendinopathy.
- Wear well-cushioned shoes, heel pads, or other orthotics if they help relieve pain.
- Reduce pain by using ice or taking over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as directed. Examples of acetaminophen include Panadol and Tylenol. NSAIDS include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and aspirin. Do not give aspirin to anyone younger than 20 because of the risk of Reye syndrome.
- Gently stretch the Achilles tendon and do general stretches each day and before running or other strenuous activity.
- Follow any physical therapy that your health professional has prescribed, including stretching and strengthening exercises, massage, heat, or ultrasound.
Your health professional may suggest that you wear a night brace to keep your foot flexed, if your Achilles tendon shortens and stiffens while you sleep.
If you continue to have pain or stiffness in the ankle area, your health professional may prescribe a walking boot or other device for 4 to 6 weeks to keep your lower leg and foot from moving and allow the tendon to heal.
If you still have Achilles tendon pain after more than 6 months of consistent treatment and rest, you might need to consider surgery.
Achilles tendon rupture
Treatment for an Achilles tendon rupture includes:
- Surgery followed by rehabilitation. This is the most common treatment. It reattaches the torn ends of the tendon and can be done through one large incision (open surgery) or several smaller incisions (percutaneous).
- Immobilizing your leg followed by rehabilitation. This prevents movement of the lower leg and ankle and allows the ends of the Achilles tendon to reattach and heal. A cast, splint, brace, walking boot, or other device may be used to do this.
What To Think About
Do not smoke or use other tobacco products. Smoking slows healing because it decreases blood supply and delays tissue repair.
If you have an Achilles tendon rupture, your decision about whether to have surgery will depend in part on your:
- Attitude toward reinjury and complications. Immobilization using a cast or similar device is more likely than surgery to result in another rupture but is less likely to result in complications, such as wound infection.5
- Level of activity. If you are very active in sports or have a job that requires leg strength and you want your leg to be as strong as it was before your injury, you may consider surgery.
- Age. If you are an older adult who does not participate in activities that may result in another rupture and who does not want the added risk of surgery, you may prefer using a cast or similar device.
- Medical condition. If you have another medical condition—such as diabetes or heart or lung disease—that raises the risks associated with surgery, you may prefer using a cast or similar device.
- Time of injury. Surgery is generally recommended if the rupture is more than 2 weeks old.
Most Achilles tendon injuries occur during sports and can be prevented. If you had an Achilles tendon problem in the past, it is especially important to try to prevent another injury by:
- Warming up and stretching. Before any sport or intense activity, gradually warm up your body by doing 5 to 10 minutes of walking or biking and then do stretching exercises. Calf stretches will stretch and strengthen the Achilles tendon and calf muscles. More general stretches target other muscles, such as the hamstrings and groin.
- Cooling down and doing more stretching. After intense activity, gradually cool down with about 5 minutes of easy jogging, walking, or biking, and 5 minutes of stretches.
- Avoiding any sport or intense activity that you are not in condition to do.
- Wearing shoes that cushion your heel during sports or any strenuous activity.
- Wearing heel pads or other orthotics that are designed to reduce stress on the Achilles tendon.
Home Treatment
Home treatment is often used for Achilles tendinopathy and in physical therapy or rehabilitation after an Achilles tendon rupture.
Achilles tendinopathy
If you have Achilles tendinopathy, follow these steps to rest, heal, and strengthen your Achilles tendon and prevent further injury:
- Rest your Achilles tendon. Avoid all activities that strain the tendon, such as stair climbing or running. While allowing your tendon the days, weeks, or months it needs to heal, try alternative activities, such as swimming. Your health professional will give you information on what you can and cannot do.
- Reduce pain by icing your Achilles tendon and taking nonprescription pain relievers such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as directed. Examples of acetaminophen include Panadol and Tylenol. NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and aspirin. Do not give aspirin to anyone younger than 20 because of the risk of Reye syndrome.
- Follow your physical therapy program if one has been prescribed for you, and do gentle stretching and strengthening exercises, especially focusing on calf stretches.
- Do not smoke or use other tobacco products. Smoking slows healing because it decreases blood supply and delays tissue repair.
- Wear footwear that protects the tendon while it is healing.
- Quality athletic shoes that support your arches and cushion your heels can make a big difference in your daily comfort and the healing process. If necessary, talk to your physical therapist or podiatrist about heel pads or orthotics.
- A bandage that keeps your foot flexed can restrict the motion of the Achilles tendon.
- A silicone sleeve or pad can distribute pressure on the Achilles tendon.
Your health professional may suggest you wear a night brace to keep your foot flexed, if your Achilles tendon shortens and stiffens while you sleep.
Achilles tendon rupture
Whether you treat an Achilles tendon rupture with surgery or use a cast, splint, brace, walking boot, or other device to keep your lower leg from moving (immobilizing your leg), after treatment it's important to follow the rehabilitation program prescribed by your health professional and physical therapist. This program helps your tendon heal and prevents further injury.
You can use medicine to relieve pain from Achilles tendinopathy or an Achilles tendon rupture. The medicine may be prescription or nonprescription.
- Acetaminophen can relieve pain. Examples include Panadol or Tylenol.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are also often used to treat pain from Achilles tendinopathy or rupture. However, because most tendon problems do not involve inflammation, NSAIDs are not usually necessary. NSAIDS include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and aspirin. Do not give aspirin to anyone younger than 20 because of the risk of Reye syndrome.
- Corticosteroid injections, which sometimes are injected around tendons or into joints to reduce pain and inflammation, are not used to treat Achilles tendinopathy because they may increase the risk of a tendon rupture.
Achilles tendinopathy
Surgery usually is not necessary to treat Achilles tendinopathy. However, in rare cases, someone might consider surgery when rubbing between the tendon and the tissue covering the tendon (tendon sheath) causes the sheath to become thick and fibrous. Surgery can be done to remove the fibrous tissue and repair any small tendon tears. This may also help prevent an Achilles tendon rupture.
Achilles tendon rupture
Surgery is often used to reattach the ends of a ruptured Achilles tendon. It provides a better chance of preventing the tendon from rupturing again compared to using a cast, splint, brace, walking boot, or other device that will keep your lower leg from moving (immobilization).5
The results of surgery for an Achilles tendon rupture are best when you have the surgery soon after your injury. Recovering from surgery may take months, and it requires a rehabilitation program to help heal and strengthen the tendon.
Surgery Choices
Surgery for an Achilles tendon rupture can be open or percutaneous.
- In open surgery, the surgeon makes a single large incision in the back of the leg, and stitches the torn tendon back together.
- In percutaneous surgery, the surgeon makes several small incisions rather than one large incision, and stitches the torn tendon back together.
What To Think About
The differences in age and activity levels of participants can make it difficult to determine if Achilles tendon surgery is effective. The success of your surgery can depend on your surgeon's experience, the type of surgical procedure used, the extent of tendon damage, how soon after rupture the surgery is performed, how soon your rehabilitation program starts after surgery, and how well you follow your rehabilitation program.
In general:
- Both open and percutaneous surgeries are successful. The differences between the two lie in the potential for having another rupture and wound complications.
- Although percutaneous surgery used to have a higher rate of repeat tendon ruptures than did open surgery, studies now indicate that how often the tendon reruptures is similar—up to 3% for open surgery and about 3% to 7% for percutaneous surgery, depending on how soon you start using the tendon again (mobilization).5
- Open repair is more likely to result in wound healing problems than percutaneous repair is. However, damage to a nerve is more likely with percutaneous surgery. Newer techniques for percutaneous surgery may make nerve damage less likely than when older techniques are used.
Your decision about whether to have surgery or use a cast or similar device to immobilize your leg may depend in part on your:
- Attitude toward reinjury and complications. Immobilizing your leg is more likely than surgery to result in another rupture but is less likely to result in complications, such as wound infection.5
- Level of activity. If you are very active in sports or have a job that requires leg strength and you want your leg to be as strong as it was before your injury, you may consider surgery.
- Age. If you are an older adult who does not participate in activities that may result in another rupture, and who does not want the added risk of surgery, you may prefer using a cast or similar device.
- Medical condition. If you have another medical condition—such as diabetes or heart or lung disease—that raises the risks associated with surgery,a cast or similar device may be a better treatment for you.
- Time of injury. Surgery is generally recommended if the rupture is more than 2 weeks old.
Talk to your surgeon about his or her surgical experience and success rate with the technique that would best treat your condition.
Other Treatment
Other treatments are often used for Achilles tendinopathy and rupture. Before using other treatments, you most likely will try rest and medicine to reduce pain and swelling.
Achilles tendinopathy
Common physical therapy treatments for Achilles tendinopathy include:
- Stretching and flexibility exercises to help your tendon heal without shortening and becoming chronically painful.
- Ultrasound heat therapy to improve blood circulation, which may aid the healing process.
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), to provide pain relief for some people.
- Massage, to help increase flexibility and blood circulation in the lower leg and to help prevent further injury.
- Wearing a night brace to keep your leg flexed and prevent your Achilles tendon from tightening while you sleep. An Achilles tendon that often tightens at night is not able to heal properly.
If other treatment does not reduce your Achilles tendinopathy pain, your health professional may recommend using a cast, brace, walking boot, splint, or other device for 4 to 6 weeks to prevent your lower leg and foot from moving and to allow the tendon to heal. This is then followed by physical therapy and modification of activities.
Achilles tendon rupture
A cast or similar device can be used to immobilize a ruptured Achilles tendon, allowing it time to heal on its own. A cast or similar device prevents the lower leg and ankle from moving. Treatment with this type of device may take as long as 6 months to completely heal a tendon. This is usually followed by a rehabilitation program that helps you regain strength and flexibility in the tendon and leg. The rehabilitation program may include physical therapy as noted above.
Your decision about whether to have surgery or use a cast-type device may depend in part on your:
- Attitude toward reinjury and complications. Immobilizing your leg is more likely than surgery to result in another rupture but is less likely to result in complications, such as wound infection.5
- Level of activity. If you are very active in sports or have a job that requires leg strength and you want your leg to be as strong as it was before your injury, you may consider surgery.
- Age. If you are an older adult who does not participate in activities that may result in another rupture, and who does not want the added risk of surgery, you may prefer immobilizing your leg.
- Medical condition. If you have another medical condition—such as diabetes or heart or lung disease—that raises the risks associated with surgery, immobilizing your leg may be a better treatment for you.
- Time of injury. Surgery is generally recommended if the rupture is more than 2 weeks old.
Other Places To Get Help
|American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)
|6300 North River Road
|Rosemont, IL 60018-4262
(847) 823-7186
|(847) 823-8125
|Web Address:
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) provides information and education to raise the public's awareness of musculoskeletal conditions, with an emphasis on preventive measures. The AAOS Web site contains information on orthopedic conditions and treatments, injury prevention, and wellness and exercise.
|National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health
|1 AMS Circle
|Bethesda, MD 20892-3675
|1-877-22-NIAMS (1-877-226-4267) toll-free
(301) 495-4484
|(301) 718-6366
|(301) 565-2966
|Web Address:
The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) is a governmental institute that serves the public and health professionals by providing information, locating other information sources, and participating in a national federal database of health information. NIAMS supports research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases and supports the training of scientists to carry out this research.
The NIAMS Web site provides health information referrals to the NIAMS Clearinghouse, which has information packages about diseases.
Related Information
- Mann JA, et al. (2006). Tendon injuries section of Foot and ankle injury. In HB Skinner, ed., Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopedics, pp. 527–533. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Mazzone MF, McCue T (2002). Common conditions of the Achilles tendon. American Family Physician, 65(9): 1805–1810.
- Beeharry D, et al. (2005). Familial hypercholesterolaemia commonly presents with Achilles tenosynovitis. Annals of Rheumatic Disease, 65: 312–315.
- Van der Linden PD, et al. (2003). Increased risk of Achilles tendon rupture with quinolone antibacterial use, especially in elderly patients taking oral corticosteroids. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(15): 1801–1807.
- Wong J, et al. (2002). Quantitative review of operative and nonoperative management of Achilles tendon ruptures. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(4): 565–575.
Other Works Consulted
- Haji A, et al. (2004). Percutaneous versus open tendo Achilles repair. Foot and Ankle International, 25(4): 215–218.
- Khan RJ, et al. (2004). Surgical interventions for treating acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3). Oxford: Update Software.
- Schepsis AA, et al. (2002). Achilles tendon disorders in athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(2): 287–305.
|Shannon Erstad, MBA/MPH
|Kathleen M. Ariss, MS
|Associate Editor
|Denele Ivins
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|William M. Green, MD - Emergency Medicine
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Patrick J. McMahon, MD - Orthopedics
|Last Updated
|January 27, 2009
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Last Updated: January 27, 2009
Author: Shannon Erstad, MBA/MPH
Medical Review: William M. Green, MD - Emergency Medicine & Patrick J. McMahon, MD - Orthopedics


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AirTalk for November 30, 2012
Filmmaker Ken Burns tackles infamous Central Park Jogger rape case
Jason Kempin/Getty Images
Ken Burns and Raymond Santana attend "The Central Park Five" New York Special Screening at Dolby 88 Theater on October 2, 2012 in New York City.
It's a documentary that blends New York history, sociology, true crime and a plea for redemption. "The Central Park Five" centers on the lives of five black and Latino Americans– teenagers at the time – who were charged and convicted with the brutal rape of a Manhattan woman. The case gripped the nation for a long time starting in April 1989.
New York was thick with crime. The teenagers were caught up with raucous behavior. And the city demanded justice. Based on a book by Burns'daughter, Sarah Burns, we see the confessions offered by the five teens and the domino effect created by those videotaped confessions. The film is being criticized as propaganda and a simple mouthpiece for the former defendants seeking compensation for their wrongful convictions.
What does Burns say to that? Did this famous case change anything about NYC law & order?
"The Central Park Five" trailer:
Ken Burns, Co-Director, Co-Producer, Co-Writer, "The Central Park Five;" Some of Burns' other renowned documentaries include, The Dust Bowl (recently on PBS), The Civil War series, Baseball, The National Parks and many more; "The Central Park Five" was produced, written, and directed by Ken Burns, David McMahon & Sarah Burns
Raymond Santana, wrongfully convicted in the infamous Central Park Jogger rape that occurred in 1989

subset: commoncrawl


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Edwina (Remy Ryan) lives with her hard-working mom, Sarah (Priscilla Barnes), who has a layabout live-in boyfriend, Jeffrey (Patrick Dempsey). The girl becomes fascinated with a visiting carnival. This pocket-size circus needs a cash infusion fast, so its crass ringmaster, Slayton (Timothy
Bottoms), decides to send main attraction Ava to the elephant graveyard and...
Ten year old Eddie runs away with Ava, a two ton circus elephant. Humor and adventure collide as everyone joins in the chase for this most unlikely pair of runaways. Based on a story by Mark Twain.
more Ava's Magical Adventure videos
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LSCU COOP / Communication & Press Room / News Feed / Top Stories / Credit Unions Online highlight CFE FCU
Credit Unions Online highlight CFE FCU
CFE Federal Credit Union: Strong, Secure, and Serving Their Community
Over the years, CFE Federal Credit Union has grown from a small financial cooperative into the thriving credit union it is today, with total assets of over $1.347 billion and approximately 121,000 members as of April 2012. The credit union is consistently recommended by BauerFinancial for its strength and security, and it is rated 5-Stars.
Offering a full array of financial services including savings, checking, loans, credit cards, mortgages, as well as investment and business services, CFE serves its members at 19 full service branches, 4 high school branches, and 41 ATM locations throughout Central Florida. Members also enjoy 24-hour Internet and mobile banking.
Read the complete article at Credit Unions Online.


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the flash (or should I say the lack of)
just when i thought i was getting to know my Holga, she then never fails to surprise me with unpredictable results.This photo was shot on film. Taken by monkeyalien with a Holga 120 GCFN loaded with Lomography X-Pro Chrome 100 (35mm) film in mississuaga, Canada. These tags describe this photo: focus, bokeh, background, blur, girls, playground, holga, 35mm, sprockets, xpro, lomography, chrome, and 100. Date: 2011-05. Time: Afternoon. This photo can also be found in the album to flash or not to flash?.
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As you probably know by now, The White Issue of Gatherings Magazine is HERE! This is our BEST ISSUE YET! (If I may say so myself). With more contributors than ever, the pages of this Winter Issue are simply dripping with inspiration! From delectable delights to beautifully styled homes these pages are little gifts that keep giving and giving.
With a great start to 2013, I have many exciting plans for Gatherings in the coming year and hope that you join me on this journey to make Gatherings even more inspiring, accessible and part of your own story.
Since Gatherings Magazine is a free digital magazine, it is up to advertisers to help support it and enable us to continue giving. There are still spots available in the Spring Issue so email me email@example.com if you would like to advertise your business, blog, shop, or project!
You can also keep up with Gatherings by liking our Facebook page and Following on Twitter and Pinterest!
or purchase printed copies and digital downloads here!
Thank you so much for your continued support and for my fabulous contributors who have filled these pages with beauty!
Happy Reading!


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So much for that. Brown has nine catches for 176 yards and a touchdown in the last two games, starting in place of an injured
"I think that Vincent has shown he's going to be an outstanding player," Head Coach Norv Turner said. "I think he does something every day that impresses me and jumps out at me. He's got very natural abilities and very good instincts."
His youth has shown at times, including against Oakland when he misheard the play call and ran the incorrect route. But his natural ability also has come through, particularly on two dazzling end zone catches, one of which was overturned due to an unusual set of circumstances that nonetheless didn't take away from the balance and concentration Brown displayed.
"I saw signs of it in April,"
A hamstring injury during the second practice of training camp wiped out Brown's preseason and kept him from playing until Week 3 against Kansas City. His first catches came a week later against Miami, but the 5-foot-11, 184-pound receiver didn't have a reception during a three-game road trip.
With Floyd out against Green Bay and Oakland, Brown inherited more opportunities and produced well. Now, even if Floyd returns (he hasn't practiced in a few weeks), Brown is determined to remain part of the offense.
"These last two weeks, the way he's come on, obviously we want Malcom healthy and back out there with us, but I'd imagine (Brown) is going to be a part of it no matter what down the stretch, and we need him to be," Rivers said.
WINDY CITY: Detroit quarterback Matthew Stafford threw four interceptions against Chicago last week. The Bears' defense has proven adept at taking the ball away, but Soldier Field isn't the place to throw wobbly passes, and Stafford felt like the wind affected some of his attempts.
Friday's forecast called for wind gusts of more than 40 mph, but Sunday is projected to look nice – 45 degrees and mostly cloudy with less wind.
"You'd rather have wet than wind," Rivers said of the prospect of gusty conditions. "You'd better throw spirals in the wind, that's all I know. If you don't, that ball can get away from you real quick."


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Tomorrow, they meet and it will be Epic.
Photo by Lotus, Braden imitating Monkey
Family Recipes, Stories, and Photography from Deep in the Heart of Texas
By Rachel
AmazingGreis says
AmazingGreis´s most recent brilliance ..Fall…
Sherry Carr-Smith says
So, if I feel the earth shake and hear thunder clap, I'll know what it is?
Sherry Carr-Smith´s most recent brilliance ..Wordless Wednesday- Cheese!
Amanda says
I delight in seeing the ways that kid experience things that we could have only dreamed of when we were kids. Magic! Epic magic!
Amanda´s most recent brilliance ..Find it
can't wait to see pics of them meeting up for the first time!
Domestic Extraordinaire´s most recent brilliance ..I think my children are trying to kill me
Bridget says
That's gonna be one hell of a playdate! Y'all have fun!
Bridget´s most recent brilliance ..The Flip Side
Rachael says
Totally jealous Have fun!
Rachael´s most recent brilliance ..Weekly Winners- In the Yard
WEEEEEEEE! We're coming to see you TOMORROW!
Braden kept *demanding* today that we go to Monkey's house. He just doesn't *get* the distance between Huntsville & Corpus.
Lotus / Sarcastic Mom´s most recent brilliance ..My Flip Side – W2
Rachel says
Love it!
Tara R. says
Those two meeting will be awesome. I can see a lifelong conspiracy forming even now. I hope you all have some huge fun.
Tara R.´s most recent brilliance ..End of the street
BusyDad says
WOW. An epic alliance indeed!!!!!
BusyDad´s most recent brilliance ..Watch Jim Eat


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(based on 26 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
2 Stars
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of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Best Uses
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(4 reviews)
Reviewed by 26 customers
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Be Careful When You Order The Clip-Ons
By 4winston7
from Dayton, OH
Comments about Night Driving Clip On Glasses:
I have plastic frame tri-focal glasses, primarily because they are more comfortable to wear than wire frame glasses. I saw the clip-on version of these night driving glasses and thought I'd found what I'd been looking for ... I could wear the clip-ons and still be able to read something, when necessary, without removing the clip-ons. I was VERY disappointed that the clip-on version does NOT fit on my plastic frames, and I'll have to return the clip-ons and keep searching for something similar so I can still have my tri-focal glasses on for reading, when necessary.
Bottom LineNo, I would not recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
Night driving so simple now
By Sandy (cat lady)
from Dunnellon Florida
About Me Classic, Comfort-Oriented, Practical, Stylish
This product is unbelievable I was worried because I couldn't drive @ night because of the glare. These glasses took away the glare and they light up the road.
Bottom LineYes, I would recommend this to a friend
Very helpful
By Nanabc
from Atlanta, GA
About Me Classic, Comfort-Oriented, Practical
I clip them on my regular glasses for driving. Without them, oncoming car lights are so terribly bright and glaring, that I can barely see the center line, and the right edge of pavement, whether I'm driving, or a passenger.
They work
By diwal
from vermont
About Me Practical
I decided to try these clip-ons. Wow! I was Shocked they really work. No glare. Everything looks like a bright day, but no glare even in the rain.
I would buy this product again and again
By Faye
from Maryville, TN
About Me Comfort-Oriented, Practical
This makes night driving so much easier. The glare is not there anymore.
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
too big for my glasses
By hardrockgirl
from pa
About Me Comfort-Oriented, Modern, Practical, Stylish
I didn't realize how big they were going to be. I guess I should have known that since my glasses are small I can't get clip ons. So unless you have BIG glasses save your money.
Good Product
By md_procouple
from Baltimore Md
Could fit a little bit better or have more "Styles"
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Night driving clip ons
By sally
from Coquille OR
The clip ons are lager than they looked in the catalogue. I bought 4 pair but can't wear them. My husband can use them and he likes them.
By Skip
from Portland, OR
Helpful to reduce glare and make things brighter to see better-
Clip-on works--BUT
By orchid lover
from Miami, FL
Many people wear small framed glasses, and these are too large to clip on comfortably. Hope you can eventually make them in another size.


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I'm considering to bu a laptop, which should have two HDMI ports for external monitors, and with which I can create a tripple monitor setup (2 external and laptop's own).
My google skills could not help me to locate such a machine. I would prefer to not use external adapters.
Any recommendations?
Bonus feature: 2 HDDs


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Journal of Law and Medicine (JLM)
Informed discourse at the interface between law and health
About the Journal
The Journal of Law and Medicine publishes contributions about issues that have a legal, medical or bioethical content arising at the interface between law and health, including the delivery of the full range of health services.
Its focus is broad, international and cross-disciplinary. It seeks to encourage informed discourse about contemporary issues from empirical, practical, policy and theoretical perspectives.
All contributions to the journal are peer reviewed.
General Editor
Ian Freckelton QC, BA (Hons), LLB (Syd), PhD (Griff), Dip Th M (ANH), FAAL, FASSA, FACLM (Hon), Barrister-at-Law, Vic, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, ACT, NT; Crockett Chambers, Melbourne; Professorial Fellow in Law and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia; Adjunct Professor of Law and Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Australia
Editorial Board
Professor Roy G Beran, MBBS, MD, FRACP, BLegS, MHL, FACLM, FAFPHM, FRCP (Edin), FFFLM (RCP) (Hon)
Professor Tom D Campbell, MA, PhD, FRSE, FASSA, Professor of Law, The Australian National University, Canberra
Professor Donald Chalmers, Head of Law School, University of Tasmania
Professor Stephen M Cordner, MA, MB, BS, BMedSc, DipCrim, DMJ, FRCPath, FRCPA, Professor of Forensic Medicine, Monash University; Director, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine
Professor J M Davies, MSc, MD, FRCPC, Professor of Anaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Canada
Professor Grant R Gillett, DPhil (Oxon), FRACS (Neurosurgery), Professor of Medical Ethics, Otago University Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand
Professor Lawrence Gostin, Professor and Director, Center for Law and the Public's Health, Georgetown and Johns Hopkins Universities, United States of America
Professor Ian Kennedy, LLD, Professor of Health Law, Ethics and Policy, School of Public Policy, University College, London
The Hon Michael Kirby, AC, CMG, BA, LLM, BEc (Syd), Hon D Litt (N'castle, NSW, Ulster and James Cook), Hon LLD (Macq, Syd, NLSU, India, Buckingham, ANU, Victoria, Deakin), Hon D Univ (Uni S Aust, La Trobe), Former Justice of the High Court of Australia
Professor Sheila McLean, LLB, M Litt, PhD, FRSE, FRCP (Edin), FRSA, International Bar Association Professor of Law and Ethics in Medicine, Glasgow University, Scotland
Associate Professor George Mendelson, MB, BS (Melb), MD (Mon), FRANZCP, FFPMANZCA, Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne
Professor Ron Paterson, LLB (Hons) (Auckland), BCL (Oxford), Professor of Health Law and Policy, University of Auckland, New Zealand
Professor Loane Skene, LLD (Melb), LLM (Mon), LLB (Hons) (Melb), Professor, Melbourne Law School; Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne
Professor Margaret A Somerville, AM, FRSC, AuA (Pharm), LLB (Hons I), DCL, LLD (Honoris causa), Gale Professor of Law, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law, McGill University, Canada
Professor David B Wexler, JD (NYU), Lyons Professor of Law, University of Arizona, United States of America
Deputy Editor
Professor Belinda Bennett BEc, LLB (Hons) (Macq), LLM, SJD (Wisconsin), Professor of Health Law, School of Law, Queensland University of Technology
Section Editors
Legal issues – Bernadette McSherry BA (Hons), LLB (Hons), LLM (Melb), D Jur (York), Grad Dip Psych (Mon), Foundation Director, Melbourne Social Equity Institute, the University of Melbourne; Danuta Mendelson MA, PhD, LLM, Professor, Chair in Law (Research), School of Law, Deakin University; Joanna Manning BA (Auck), LLB (Hons) (Auck), MCompL (Geo Wash), Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Auckland
Medical issues – David Ranson B Med Sci, BM BS, LLB, FCR Path, FRCPA, FACLM, DMJ (Path), Deputy Director, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University; Danny Sullivan MBBS, MBioeth, MHlthMedLaw, AFRACMA, MRCPsych, FRANZCP, Assistant Clinical Director, Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, Honorary Senior Fellow, University of Melbourne; Mike O'Connor AM, MD BS DDU DCH FRCOG FRANZCOG MHL FACLM, Conjoint Senior Lecturer, Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales and Chair, Patient Care Review Committee, St George Private Hospital, Sydney
Bioethical issues – Malcolm Parker MBBS (Qld), M Litt (UNE), M Hth & Med Law (Melb), MD (Qld), Professor of Medical Ethics, University of Queensland; Grant R Gillett DPhil (Oxon), FRACS (Neurosurgery), Professor of Medical Ethics, Otago University Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand
Nursing issues – Kim Forrester RN, BA, LLB, LLM (Advanced), PhD, Barrister, Supreme Court of Queensland, Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University
Complementary health issues – Ian Freckelton QC, BA (Hons), LLB (Syd), PhD (Griff), Dip Th M (ANH), FAAL, FASSA, FACLM (Hon), Barrister-at-Law, Vic, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, ACT, NT; Crockett Chambers, Melbourne; Professorial Fellow in Law and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia; Adjunct Professor of Law and Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Australia
Medical law reporter – Thomas Alured Faunce BA LLB (Hons), B Med, PhD, Professor, College of Law and College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment (joint appointment), The Australian National University
Australasian College of Legal Medicine
The Journal of Law and Medicine is the preferred journal of the Australasian College of Legal Medicine. For more information regarding the College, visit http://www.legalmedicine.com.au/.
Indexing/abstracting services
The following websites contain details of material published in the Journal:
http://www.informit.com.au/agis.html (AGIS Plus Text)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed (Medline)
http://www.gale.cengage.com (Legal Trac)
http://www.thomsonreuters.com.au/catalogue/ProductDetails.asp?id=7424 (Australian Legal Journals Index)
AGIS Plus Text is an online legal database based on the Australian Attorney-General's Information Service. It is produced by RMIT Publishing and is available via subscription.
Medline is a free service of the National Library of Medicine in the United States.
Legal Trac is an online indexing service published by Gale Cengage Learning. It is available via subscription.
The Australian Legal Journals Index is an online legal database prepared by the Lionel Murphy Library of the Commonwealth Attorney-General's Department. It is produced by Thomson Reuters and is available via subscription.
Subscribe or Purchase
To subscribe to this Journal or purchase individual articles, please visit our "Subscribe or Purchase" page.
Contents listing
For the individual contents pages for each Part, click here.
Journal of Law and Medicine update: September 2014
The latest Part of the Journal of Law and Medicine includes the following articles: "The emergence and popularisation of autologous somatic cellular therapies in Australia: Therapeutic innovation or regulatory failure?" – Alison K McLean, Cameron Stewart and Ian Kerridge; "Re Jamie (No 2): A positive development for transgender young people" – Michael Williams, John Chesterman and Phil Grano; "Australian children living with gender dysphoria: Does the Family Court have a role to play?" – Fiona Kelly; "Storage limits of gametes and embryos: Regulation in search of policy justification" – Anita Stuhmcke and Eloise Chandler; "Barriers for domestic surrogacy and challenges of transnational surrogacy in the context of Australians undertaking surrogacy in India" – Louise Johnson, Eric Blyth and Karin Hammarberg; "Selective reduction of fetuses in multiple pregnancies and the law in Australia" – Colleen Davis and Heather Douglas; "Interstate dispensing: A case for uniform, intuitive legislation" – Nijole L Bernaitis, Michelle A King and Denise L Hope; "Planning law and public health at an impasse in Australia: The need for targeted law reforms to improve local food environments to reduce overweight and obesity" – Caroline Mills; "Compensating for the harms of family violence: Statutory barriers in Australian victims of crime compensation schemes" – Christine Forster; "Mandatory reporting of health professionals: The case for a Western Australian style exemption for all Australian practitioners" – Hon Nick Goiran MLC, Margaret Kay, Louise Nash and Georgie Haysom; and ""CAM-creep": Medical practitioners, professional discipline and integrative medicine" – Walid Jammal, Cameron Stewart and Malcolm Parker.
Environmental and Planning Law Journal update: September 2014
The latest Part of EPLJ includes the following articles: "Compliance with Indigenous cultural heritage legislation in Queensland: Perceptions, realities and prospects" – Michael J Rowland, Sean Ulm and Jill Reid; "Restorative justice intervention in an Aboriginal cultural heritage protection context: Conspicuous absences?" – Mark Hamilton; "Carbon pricing and renewable energy innovation: A comparison of Australian, British and Canadian carbon pricing policies" – Karen Bubna-Litic and Natalie Stoianoff; "Implementing legislative and governance frameworks for integrated catchment management: The gap between theory and practice" – Kate Matthews; and "The future of Land and Environment Court oversight of major project offsets" – Vanessa Walsh.
Photoshop Law, legislation to protect body image: This month in JLM
Australia's first scholarly article on digitally altered images, body image, and the law appears in the June Part of the Journal of Law and Medicine. Israeli legislation popularly known as "Photoshop Law" came into effect on 1 January 2013. Photoshop Law is the first ever law of its kind; it requires that all models used ...more
Journal of Law and Medicine update: June 2014
The latest Part of JLM includes the following articles: "Unfitness to stand trial decision-making in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia" – Ian Freckelton QC and Magda Karagiannakis; "Legal risk management and injury in the fitness industry: The outcomes of focus group research and a national survey of fitness professionals" – Patrick Keyzer, Ian R Coyle, Joachim Dietrich, Kevin Norton, Betul Sekendiz, Veronica Jones and Caroline F Finch; "Just a little bit more: When sports scientists cross the line" – Tyler Fox; "Beauty is only photoshop deep: Legislating models' BMIs and photoshopping images" – Marilyn Krawitz; "Medical use of cannabis in Australia: "Medical necessity" defences under current Australian law and avenues for reform" – Charles Martin; "Patents and the obligation to protect health: Examining the significance of human rights considerations in the protection of pharmaceutical patents: – Olasupo Ayodeji Owoeye; ""Best interests" and withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from an adult who lacks capacity in the parens patriae jurisdiction" – Lindy Willmott, Ben White and Malcolm K Smith; "Transparency in mental health: Why mental health tribunals should be required to publish reasons" – Alison Smith and Andrew Caple; "Government databases and public health research: Facilitating access in the public interest" – Carolyn Adams and Judy Allen; "The spectre of court-sanctioned sacrificial separation of teenage conjoined twins against their will" – Colleen Davis; and "Judicial virtues and decision-making in the VCAT Guardianship List" – Richard Polkinghorn. Also included in this Part are several section notes, including Legal Issues; Medical Issues; Bioethical Issues; Nursing Issues; and Medical Law Reporter. There is also an editorial, a letter to the Editor and a book review.
Journal of Law and Medicine update: March 2014
The March Part of the Journal of Law and Medicine contains a range of articles and sections covering such broad topics as coronial law and practice, voluntary euthanasia, restriction of liberties of people with impaired capacity, Australian mental health legislation, medical practitioner regulation, manufacturers' liability for pharmaceutical drugs, ethical, legal and social issues surrounding surrogacy law, sexual misconduct by health practitioners, sexual violence in armed conflict, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health practitioner regulation, health system privatisation directives, and much more!
Journal of Law and Medicine update: December 2013
The latest Part of the Journal of Law and Medicine is a special issue titled Regulating the Use of Human Bodily Material. It includes articles on the legal status of bodies, the regulation of the use of human bodily material, definitions of "property" offered by the majority of the High Court of Australia in the case of Yanner v Eaton, non-consensual genetic testing in Australia, biobanking of blood and bone marrow, property rights in recyclable artificial implants such as pacemakers, extra-bodily DNA sampling by the police, patent term extension schemes, travel for euthanasia or assisted suicide, the regulation of impaired doctors, plus much more.
Dr Ian Freckelton SC speaks on the Journal of Law and Medicine
Journal of Law and Medicine General Editor Dr Ian Freckelton SC met with Thomson Reuters earlier this year to discuss some of the recurring themes of the Journal and highlight developments at the intersection of law and medicine. Stay tuned to hear more insights from our team of expert authors.
Can the human body be "property"? Learn more in the December Special Issue of JLM
Now in its 21st year, the Journal of Law and Medicine (JLM) focuses on legal, medical and bioethical issues that arise at the dynamic nexus between health and the law. Professor Loane Skene of the University of Melbourne is the guest editor and coordinator of the upcoming December 2013 Special Issue of JLM. Titled Regulating ...more
Journal of Law and Medicine update: September 2013
The first Part of Volume 21 of the Journal of Law and Medicine includes several interesting articles and sections on various aspects of medical law. The topics covered include the risk of recidivism in de-registered health practitioners, negligent pre-birth genetic testing, refusal of medical treatment, misleading vaccination and immunisation information, the ethics of dementia research, disclosure of genetic information to genetic relatives, plus much more!
Watch out for these forthcoming journal issues
Journal of Law and Medicine (JLM) From whistle-blowing to immunisation, genetic testing and professional legal responsibility, Issue 1 of Volume 21 will cover a broad range of topics at the interface of law and medicine. Articles include: "Is whistle-blowing now mandatory? The impact of mandatory reporting laws on trust relationships in health care" by Jayne Hewitt "Jabs ...more


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Examples of studies you can do with the BRD
The examples listed below are designed to (1) give you ideas on how you might use the BRD and (2) illustrate some the the mechanics of doing so.
The BRD is supported by grants from these organizations:
In funding the Success Modeling Project, these organizations do not endorse or express any opinion about the approach used by the project, or any conclusions, opinions, or report of any research results expressed in or disseminated by the project.
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© 2005-2014 Lynn M. LoPucki and UCLA School of Law


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A complete universe is created before a word is spoken in There Will Be Blood, a towering new American epic and instant modern classic from Paul Thomas Anderson. Sinewy, grimy, grizzle-bearded Daniel Plainview (Daniel Day-Lewis) is as yet unnamed when we meet him, chipping away at the earth in a fathomless mining hole out in the unclaimed American West. Solitary and stubborn, Daniel is prospecting for silver. And in a paradigm of American enterprise at its most legendary, he hammers his way toward fortune undaunted even by broken bones.
A title slide in grim-lipped olden Germanic letterforms tells us it's 1898. But the soundscape that envelops this singular miner as he hack-hack-hacks is, in the revolutionary musical score by Radiohead's Jonny Greenwood (as much the star of the show as Day-Lewis himself), like nothing we have ever heard before. What we see is a man in a turn-of-the-20th-century wardrobe who literally pulls himself out of the earth's bowels to grab hold of wealth and power. By 1911 his fiercely competitive work ethic has paid off in the scramble to claim ownership of other natural resources: The first words Daniel Plainview utters, in exquisitely enunciated, stentorian tones brilliantly constructed by Day-Lewis from the cadences of John Huston, are ''Ladies and gentlemen, I am an oilman.''
By then the oilman is a tycoon with a fondness for an empire-builder's mustache, and although no woman is ever seen in his life, he's accompanied on his landgrabs by the sweet-faced, sharply observant boy he calls his son and business partner, H.W. (Dillon Freasier, an arresting nonpro natural). What we hear, though, is the keen, whine, rattle, and tonal blur of musical modernity as the components of epic storytelling are lofted decisively into the 21st century. The aural juxtaposition, sweetened by additional music from Johannes Brahms and the 20th-century Estonian ''mystical minimalist'' composer Arvo Pärt, is more than thrilling it's neurologically revolutionary, as if we're seeing with our ears and hearing with our eyes in a whole new way. It's also an omen that the oilman will become a madman.
Our eyes, of course, are riveted on Day-Lewis, who justifies the obsessiveness of his legendary work-prep style erasing all vestiges of DD-L-hood and living as the man he plays even when the camera's not rolling with a magnificent performance. Indeed, it can hardly be called an ''act,'' so fully does the fictional Daniel come alive, with all the fury, hatred, restlessness, and distrust that courses through him. And when not searching Day-Lewis' frightening eyes (one a squint, the other a glint) or bracing ourselves unconsciously against the aggressive threat of Plainview's forward-thrusting stance, we're spooked by the shifty, menacing, Holy Roller softness mustered by Little Miss Sunshine's Paul Dano as the evangelical preacher Eli Sunday, who comes to bedevil Daniel's schemes for years.
Anderson who boldly goes where no other moviemaker working today has gone before in this, his fifth movie (after marvels including Boogie Nights and Punch-Drunk Love) stakes There Will Be Blood, at least provisionally, to a chunk of Oil!, Upton Sinclair's 1927 novel about the early, greedy days of the American liquid-gold industry, written 20 years after The Jungle. Don't look for much of the muckraking spirit of the original text, though, in Anderson's adaptation, which is shaped entirely to the filmmaker's own obsessions. The movie catalogs the worst about capitalism, about fathers and sons, about exploitation, broken trust, and the corruption of power, and then saves an extra dollop of acid for the misuse of piety.
Anyhow, a fierce story meshing big exterior-oriented themes of American character with an interior-oriented portrait of an impenetrable man (two men, really, including the false prophet Sunday) is only half Anderson's quest, and his exciting achievement. The other half lies in the innovation applied to the telling itself. For a huge picture, There Will Be Blood is exquisitely intimate, almost a collection of sketches. For a long, slow movie, it speeds. For a story set in the fabled bad-old-days past, it's got the terrors of modernity in its DNA. Leaps of romantic chordal grandeur from Brahms' Violin Concerto in D Major announce the launch of a fortune-changing oil well down the road from Eli Sunday's church and then, much later, announce a kind of end of the world. For bleakness, the movie can't be beat nor for brilliance. A
Want more? See what director Paul Thomas Anderson and composer Jonny Greenwood told EW earlier this year in an in-depth Q&A about the making of There Will Be Blood


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The Dance Connection
‹ return to the main summer programs page
The Dance Connection
This Year's Themes
Mummy, Mummy Week 1 (July 7-11)
What's a scarab? I don't know? What's a scarab with you? Our campers journey to ancient Egypt for an adventure among the Pyramids. What will they find deep in the tomb of the ancient king?
Journey to the North Pole Week 2 (July 14-18)
July is soooooo hot. Just walking outside one can feel how hot the sun is. Our fearless campers decide to beat the heat by taking an exciting journey to the North Pole.
Castaway Week 3 (July 21-25)
Gilligan, Robinson Caruso, Tom Hanks & Swiss Family Robinson. When our campers end up on a sandy beach in a tropical place, they manage to live a life of luxury. How do they do it? Join us and find out.
Lights, Camera, Action! Week 4 (July 28-August 1st)
Citizen Kane. Star Wars. Gone with the Wind. What will be the next great film? Whatever it is, you children are ready to make it. Join us this week for an adventure on set with... you guessed it.. lights, cameras, and lots of action!
Why Do Parents and Children choose the Dance Connections Performing Arts Camp?
Highly qualified teachers - All of the classes at the Dance Connection are taught by adult professionals who have extensive experience with children and years of experience working with their art form. Further more, all of us are certified in first aid and C.P.R. Background checks are done on all staff members.
You can contact us or visit this page for details about tuition, dates and discounts.
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Rockstar North
Rockstar Games (Parent Company: Take-Two Interactive)
PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
Up to 16 players
Release Date:
September 17, 2013
Two discs for Xbox 360 (first disc is for install; 8GB, and second is play), One disc for PS3 for install and play.
Los Santos: a sprawling sun-soaked metropolis full of self-help gurus, starlets and fading celebrities, once the envy of the Western world, now struggling to stay afloat in an era of economic uncertainty and cheap reality TV. Amidst the turmoil, three very different criminals plot their own chances of survival and success: Franklin, a former street gangster, now looking for real opportunities and serious money; Michael, a professional ex-con whose retirement is a lot less rosy than he hoped it would be; and Trevor, a violent maniac driven by the chance of a cheap high and the next big score. Running out of options, the crew risks everything in a series of daring and dangerous heists that could set them up for life.
Grand Theft Auto V was announced by Rockstar Games on October 25, 2011, a few days after the tenth anniversary of Grand Theft Auto III. Every web page on Rockstar's network (even the old Vice City and San Andreas pages from 2002-2004) was replaced with a GTAV logo and a release date for the game's first trailer. The page also promoted the Twitter hashtag #GTAV.
The one-and-a-half-minute-long trailer revealed that the game is set in the city of Los Santos - Rockstar's take on Los Angeles, California. Soon after, Grand Theft Auto V was officially announced in a Take-Two Interactive press statement. In the statement, Rockstar confirmed that "Grand Theft Auto V heads to the city of Los Santos and surrounding hills, countryside and beaches in the largest and most ambitious game Rockstar has yet created." Rockstar also asserted that GTA V is "a bold new direction in open-world freedom, storytelling, mission-based gameplay and online multiplayer [..] focusing on the pursuit of the almighty dollar in a re-imagined, present-day Southern California."
Grand Theft Auto V is the first GTA since the original Grand Theft Auto where the player takes control of multiple characters. A unique switching system allows the player to switch between characters almost instantly and at any time when off-mission. A number of missions will involve all three protagonists allowing you to switch between them to play different parts of the mission. Therefore you could, for example, switch between playing as a helicopter pilot, a sniper and the man on the ground, meaning that you're always in the action.
Initially, Grand Theft Auto V was scheduled for release in Spring of 2013 (beginning of March to the end of May). On January 31, 2013, Rockstar posted on the Newswire stating that Grand Theft Auto V would no longer be scheduled for a Spring 2013 release as the game "simply needs a little more polish to be of the standard we and, more importantly, you require." The new scheduled release date for Grand Theft Auto V is September 17, 2013 for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.
The new GTA is being developed for the current generation of consoles, the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. A PC version will likely be developed in addition to this, but may be released later. Grand Theft Auto was born on the PC in 1997, but in recent years Rockstar has focused more attention on the consoles. The PC versions of Grand Theft Auto typically arrive 8 months after the console versions.
The best thing about the PC versions is the capability they offer to modify in-game content, thereby enhancing the life spans of the games. Despite being released nearly a decade ago, the PC version of GTA: San Andreas remains immensely popular due to the fan-created car mods, weapons mods, multiplayer and mission mods. Hopefully this continues with GTAV.
It's also worth noting that the "wanted system" is still present but there will be only 5 stars instead of 6. You can still try to escape the circular zone (featured in GTA IV) that flashes on the mini-map when cops come after the three protagonists. This time players will still be able to hide inside of the circular zone and escape the cops, the cops now have a line-of-sight system where they will need to find you to get you and they will no longer automatically know where you are -- if there is a helicopter in the sky then the cops will also be able to see you clearly and the cops will use hand signals and the player can see what the cops are planning. Every officer and police car has its own search circle to add even more to the difficulty of the GTA games. If you blow up a car you will receive a 1 star wanted level, if you fly over the Los Santos prison you will receive a 2 star wanted level and if you decide to go into the water whilst you have a wanted level the police will chase after you.
Grand Theft Auto V is the fourteenth game in the series and, if it can replicate the success of its predecessors, there should be many more to come in future. The GTA series began in 1997, at which time its developer, Rockstar North, was known as DMA Design. The table below lists all of the Grand Theft Auto releases to date.
|Release Date
|Grand Theft Auto
|Liberty City, San Andreas, Vice City
|October 1997
|Grand Theft Auto: London 1969
|London (1969)
|April 1999
|Grand Theft Auto 2
|October 1999
|Grand Theft Auto III
|Liberty City (2001)
|October 2001
|Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
|Vice City (1986)
|October 2002
|Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
|San Andreas (1990-1992)
|October 2004
|Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories
|Liberty City (1998)
|October 2005
|Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories
|Vice City (1984)
|October 2006
|Grand Theft Auto IV
|Liberty City (2008-2010)
|April 2008
|Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars
|Liberty City (2009)
|March 2009
|Grand Theft Auto V
|Los Santos (Present Day)
|September 17, 2013


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Fisker Automotive Holdings Inc. won court approval to sell its assets to China's Wanxiang Group Corp. for an offer valued at $149.2 million, almost six times what the hybrid-car maker sought when it filed for bankruptcy.
China's Wanxiang Group won an auction for Fisker Automotive Holdings Inc., the maker of luxury plug-in hybrid cars, with a $149.2 million bid, almost six times what Fisker was seeking when it filed for bankruptcy.
Two Chinese-backed companies are locked in a bidding war, culminating next week, to take over bankrupt U.S. carmaker Fisker Automotive Holdings Inc.
The winner between two Chinese- backed bidders for assets of bankrupt electric-car maker Fisker Automotive Inc. will have to keep manufacturing and research in the U.S., Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz said.
Fisker Automotive Inc., whose $103,000 plug-in hybrid car was driven by celebrities including Justin Bieber, filed for bankruptcy with plans to be acquired by a group said to include Richard Li, son of Hong Kong's richest man.
Fisker Automotive Inc. founder Henrik Fisker and the hybrid carmaker's former directors were sued by investor Atlas Capital Management LP over $2 million in losses it allegedly suffered in the bankrupt company's collapse.
Fisker Automotive Inc. creditors opposed the proposed sale of the bankrupt electric car maker's assets to Hybrid Tech Holdings LLC and said it should be conducted through a competitive bidding process.
Fisker Automotive Inc., the maker of plug-in luxury sports cars, named an industry veteran its new chief executive officer and said it may turn to private investors to restart a stalled Delaware plant project.
Assets of Fisker Automotive Inc., the bankrupt maker of hybrid cars, will be sold at auction after a judge limited the amount of debt that lender Hybrid Tech Holdings LLC can trade for the company.
Fisker Automotive Inc., a California maker of plug-in hybrid sports cars, wants to put scrutiny of a federal loan to build rechargeable vehicles behind it as the company ramps up U.S. deliveries of $102,000 Karma sedans.
"We are negotiating with them."
- Henrik Fisker on Feb 07, 2013


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Preparing for Your Digital Afterlife
For as long as the human race has existed, we've been (perhaps understandably) more than a little concerned about what happens when we die. Past civilizations envisioned everything from chilly limbos to lush gardens of delight, but modern humans have a problem the ancients never needed to consider: what becomes of our online selves when we die?
It's a question that's growing more and more pressing with every passing year. On Facebook alone, more than 30 million accounts now belong to the dead, and with an average of three Facebookers dying every single minute, the ranks of the dead continue to swell. Facebook's given next of kin the ability to review and delete accounts of lost loved ones, but since they also provide an option to convert the profiles of those who have passed on into "memorial pages," it's small wonder that some folks project Facebook will have more dead users than live ones by the middle of the twenty-first century.
Facebook's not the only component to a person's digital afterlife, of course. It's small beer compared to the email accounts, Instagram snapshots, Youtube videos, and all those pithy, poignant tweets that will linger on indefinitely without the proper authorization for removal. And that's downright generous compared to some sites such as Yahoo!, whose accounts aren't transferable. The company owns the account and everything in it when the holder shuffles off their mortal coil. The best the owner's loved ones can do is request the account be closed.
Not everyone wants to see their online self vanish after death, however. Some digital afterlife services allow users to save key files, passwords, and special instructions for their loved ones and pass them along once they're gone. For those more concerned with immortality of another kind, LifeNaut gives its clients the ability to upload a sample of their DNA to create the ultimate personal backup file.
Preparing for the afterlife is something we all have to face. But as technology advances and more and more of this is spent online, it may soon come to pass that the window into the great beyond will be just a click away.
Download this infographic.
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The Institute of Contemporary Art by Steven Holl will serve as both a gateway to VCU and a catalyst for contemporary art on the campus and throughout Richmond. The museum will provide space for visual and performing arts for the university as well as for the city. Situated on the corner of Belvidere and Broad Streets, ICA will serve as an important landmark at the intersection and then will branch out into wings that end in a sculpture garden. Large pivoting doors will open up to the garden and provide a direct link with the outdoors. The museum will include a performance space, classroom, sculpture garden, cafe, catering kitchen, offices, meeting rooms, and 10,000 sq ft of flexible exhibition space.
ICA will be clad in translucent glass and pre-weathered satin-finish zinc to complement its urban setting. The transparent nature of the building will soak up natural daylight during the day and at night will radiate light to the city. Green roofs will top the building to soak up rainwater and provide extra insulation. Geothermal wells will be used to provide energy efficient heating and cooling and the project will seek LEED Platinum certification. Construction is expected to begin in 2013 with a scheduled completion in 2015.
+ Institute of Contemporary Art
Images ©Steven Holl Architects
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Book your room at Monsignor della Casa Country Resort & Spa
Apartment in Borgo San Lorenzo with full-service spa and free breakfast
Situated in a rural location, this spa apartment is 4.2 mi (6.8 km) from Mugello Circuit and within 20 mi (32 km) of Barberino Designer Outlet and Castello del Trebbio. Agnolo Square and Cathedral of Fiesole are also within 20 mi (32 km).
Property Features
A full-service spa, a restaurant, and a health club are available at this apartment. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, an outdoor tennis court, a spa tub, and a sauna are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 27 apartments provide conveniences like refrigerators and coffee makers, plus free WiFi and LCD TVs with satellite channels. Other amenities available to guests include free bottled water, hair dryers, and safes.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Monsignor della Casa Country Resort & SpaVia di Mucciano 7 Borgo San Lorenzo FI 50032
Hotel Amenities
In addition to a full-service spa, Monsignor della Casa Country Resort & Spa features an outdoor tennis court and a health club. The apartment offers a restaurant. A complimentary breakfast is offered. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
Event facilities include conference space and meeting rooms. This Borgo San Lorenzo apartment also offers a children's pool, a seasonal outdoor pool, and a spa tub. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Multilingual staff
- Tennis on site
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Complimentary newspapers in lobby
- Free breakfast
- Conference space
- Fireplace in lobby
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Full-service spa
- Health club
- Total number of rooms - 27
- Laundry facilities
- Meeting rooms
- Restaurant
- Outdoor tennis court
- Free self parking
- Pool sun loungers
- Sauna
- Number of buildings/towers - 6
- Spa services on site
- Spa tub
- Children's pool
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Wedding services
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Beach/pool umbrellas
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free Wi-Fi
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Number of meeting rooms - 4
- Garden
- Steam room
Family Friendly Amenities
- Children's pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Outdoor tennis court
- Laundry facilities
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Playground on site
- Refrigerator
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free Wi-Fi
Available in some public areas: Free Wi-Fi
Room Amenities
- Phone
- Complimentary toiletries
- Bathtub or shower
- Bidet
- Satellite TV service
- In-room safe
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Complimentary bottled water
- Refrigerator
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free Wi-Fi
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Slippers
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- Desk
Where to Eat
A complimentary buffet breakfast is served between 8 AM and 10:30 AM.
Enoteca del Monsignore - This restaurant specializes in Italian cuisine and serves dinner only. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting). Reservations are required.
Nearby Things to Do
An outdoor tennis court and a health club are featured at the apartment. A children's pool, a seasonal outdoor pool, and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a sauna and a steam room.
Guests under 16 years old are not allowed in the health club or fitness facility.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Surfing/boogie boarding nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Bicycle rentals on site
- Hiking/biking trails on site
- Mountain biking on site
- Playground on site
- Tennis on site
- Volleyball on site
- Game viewing nearby
Spa Services
The onsite spa has 2 treatment rooms including rooms for couples and outdoor treatment areas. Services include massages, facials, and body treatments. The spa is equipped with a sauna, a spa tub, and a steam room. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including reflexology.
- Steam room in spa
- Reflexology
- Number of treatment rooms 2
- Outdoor treatment areas
- Couples treatment rooms
- Sauna in spa
- Spa tub in spa
- Massages
- Body treatments
- Facial treatments
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time ends at 7 PM
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 10:30 AM
Payment types
Pets allowed, Only dogs are allowed, Maximum number of pets per room 1, Pet maximum weight in kg is 7
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Special policies:
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 2.5 per person, per night. This tax does not apply to children under 14 years of age.
- Pet fee: EUR 18 per pet, per night
- Kitchen/kitchenette fee: EUR 50 per stay
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation. Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments. Reservations can be made by contacting the apartment prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. The property allows pets in specific rooms only and has other pet restrictions (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section). Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.


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Let Loyo On The Go come to YOU!
LOYO ON THE GO has gotten off to a GREAT start! After opening in August 2011, the mobile unit has already made its way across the Carolinas serving swim meets, horse shows, birthday parties, school events, and many other exciting celebrations! If you are interested in the mobile unit catering your next special occasion email firstname.lastname@example.com!


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Zinc Die Castings
November 2003
Print this page
The latest publication in the
International Zinc Association's (IZA)
Zinc Protects! series is for the non-technical reader who wants to know more about the application of zinc die castings in consumer products. It will also provide a useful educational tool for students of design and mechanical engineering as well as in secondary schools. The Unseen Benefits of Zinc Die Castings is written as a narrative, taking the reader through a typical day in the life of an average person in a developed nation. From awakening, through the simple acts of preparing to leave his or her home, the reader is informed of the many products that contain a zinc die casting to provide the functionality, strength, aesthetics, and safety required for today's lifestyles.
Canon Communications LLC . © 2008


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Welcome to OC Moms Talk Back. Once a week, a group of moms are asked a question, and some of their responses are posted here. But this is only the first step — the next is for you, our fellow OC Moms, to participate. In the comments, answer the question, or respond to any of the moms featured below.
This week's discussion: Do you spank your kids?
Yes (sort of)
I think a well-placed, occasional spanking works very effectively. I use it in extreme cases when nothing else is works. I give my daughter the choice to change her actions, or get a spanking. If her behavior continues, she gets ONE swat on her bottom. If after the spanking she continues the behavior, I say nothing and simply give her ONE more swat on her bottom and ask her, "Would you like to continue this?" This seems to be working, as she knows I mean business.
I am happy to say that even though I don't like to do it, I have given her less spankings than I can count on one hand -- and only one time have I had to give her two back-to-back. I know this isn't for everyone, but it works in our home.
-- Tammie Lewis, of Lake Forest, is a working, single mom of one.
I have two unruly toddlers who can go from mild-mannered to out-of-control in a matter of minutes. To help keep them in line, we put them in time out, speak to them openly about what they've done and move on to the next crisis.
In extreme cases -- like when they poke each other in the eye or kick their grandma in the shin -- I give them a stern talking to and a light swat on the hand to let them know they seriously need to get their act together. Nine times out of 10, they apologize and we all share a group hug.
– Theresa Cisneros, of Santa Ana, is a working, married mother of two. Blog: Mami in the Middle
No, never
My husband and I, while we don't agree on the subject, have decided not to spank our children. I have read in too many articles from experts in the field of psychology, pediatrics, and child development that spanking leads to violence. Spanking is often done out of frustration or anger and I don't believe it sends the right message to children. I don't want my children to behave out of fear of being hit.
Our decision not to spank is not an easy one. We have to come up with creative ways to discipline, which takes more time and more patience. But I want my children to grow up in a loving home where they know without a doubt that they were loved and respected.
Comments are encouraged, but you must follow our User Agreement
Keep it civil and stay on topic. No profanity, vulgarity, racial slurs or personal attacks. People who harass others or joke about tragedies will be blocked. By posting your comment, you agree to allow Orange County Register Communications, Inc. the right to republish your name and comment in additional Register publications without any notification or payment.


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Larry Harlow and the Latin Legends Band
Lower East Side
Thu Aug 29 2013
- Free
Photograph: Enid Farber
Time Out says
Posted: Tue Aug 13 2013
Keyboardist Larry Harlow played a big part in helping the world get acquainted with salsa; he's been a cornerstone of the Fania All-Stars since the group's inception. Tonight the Brooklyn veteran heads his own heavy-duty band at a free outdoor gig.
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2013 March For Life
I want to welcome and thank all Texans who have made the trip to Washington to make their voices heard. We've taken important steps in recent years to defend life, including passage of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act and the Unborn Victims of Violence Act. I believe that all life should be treated with dignity and respect, and I am committed to doing all I can to protect innocent life. I am proud so many Texans join me in sharing this core belief.
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Price: $12.95
Product Code: ICTTW-FB-07
Folio Book
The folio book from the exciting new recording by the Bible Truth Men- Evangelist Byron Foxx, T. Kevan Bartlett, Dennis Stremming, and Greg Gray- is here! A combination of lively quartet / mixed group arrangements as well as solos, and even a duet, make this a resource you will use again and again in your special music ministry. Click the Song Listing tab to see the list of songs in this book.
I Can Tell the World Listening CDI Can Tell the World Soundtrax CD
Evangelist Byron Foxx, Founder of Bible Truth Music
Office Address
Bible Truth Music
P.O. Box 1881Newport News, VA 23601
Phone: (757) 365-9956
Toll-Free: (877) 276-6683
Fax: (757) 365-9958


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Certificate in Counterterrorism
The Counterterrorism Certificate examines American counterterrorism policy at home and abroad, including intelligence policy, enemy threat doctrine, and national security strategy in a historical and cultural context. Students who complete it are prepared for careers in intelligence, homeland security, law enforcement, and the military.
Required courses
- IWP 659 Al-Qaeda's Enemy Threat Doctrine
- IWP 610 Counterintelligence in a Democratic Society
- IWP 669 Counterterrorism and the Democracies
- IWP 633 Terrorism
Elective courses (choose one)
- IWP 640 Cultural Intelligence for Strategy and Analysis
- IWP 670 Peace Through Development: Deterring Terror and Building Alliances
- IWP 641 Political Warfare: Past, Present, and Future
- IWP 637 Public Diplomacy and Political Warfare
- IWP 644 Spies, Subversion, Terrorism and Influence Operations
- IWP 632 U.S. Intelligence in the Cold War and Beyond
- IWP 616 U.S. National Security Strategy and Emerging Threats
- IWP 664 Foundations of Homeland Security
- IWP 673 Human Rights and Counter-Radicalization
As required by the Department of Education, IWP is responsible for providing the following information about gainful employment with regards to this certificate. Please click here for more information.


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Well, Dwarves *did* have a strong 'dwarvish' accent when speaking Westron or Sindarin. This is written in HoME XII. Now if we had someone who speaks Hebrew, I guess this accent would fit a Dwarvish one (isn't Khuzdul based on Hebrew? Thought I read something like this in these forums).
Hey Athan, isn't that you speakin a semitic language?