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Despite recent unprecedented economic growth, India continues to face an enormous challenge in fighting poverty. It has a per-person income of less than US$1,000 a year. About two-thirds of the population depends on rural employment to make a living. Educational opportunities and access have been uneven and affected by significant disparities. In 2002, when the program was launched, India accounted for 25 percent of out-of-school children worldwide.
In 2002, India unveiled its national flagship program, the Elementary Education Project (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan or SSA), financed by the International Development Association (IDA).
The SSA is the largest ongoing Education For All program in the world. It has sought to enroll all 6–14-year-olds in school and provide them with quality elementary education. It has also aimed to bridge gender and social gaps, avoid dropouts, and provide quality education until at least grade eight—a much tougher goal to be reached by 2015 than called for by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Primary school facilities were to be located within one kilometer of all habitations, including provision of alternative education programs and "bridge courses" for out-of-school children and dropouts. The program supported teacher recruitment and training, helped develop teaching materials, and monitored learning outcomes. Villages were to identify out-of-school children and get them enrolled, and organize to manage school resources and construct classrooms and school buildings. Direct grants to each district helped spur context-specific innovations.
As SSA brings more and more children into school, the program is increasingly focused on improving quality through a whole basket of interventions, including the provision of child- friendly schools and improved teaching and learning materials.
Since 2001, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has helped the government enroll nearly 20 million out-of-school children into elementary school. This includes girls, first-generation learners from long-deprived communities and minority communities, and children with special needs. With these efforts, India is clearly moving towards its target of ensuring that all children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling much before the international MDG target date of 2015.
- In 2002, before the SSA began, India accounted for 25 percent of the world's out-of-school children. This number has now been reduced to less than 10 percent.
- Between 2003 and 2009, the number of out of school children declined from 25 million to 8.1 million (less than 5 percent of the age cohort 6-14), a remarkable achievement.
- Universal access is almost achieved. Across the country, 99 percent of households now have physical access to a primary school within one kilometer of home, and 93 percent to an upper primary school. Nationwide, 92 percent of schools are provided with drinking water facility.
- The number and share of children who complete primary grades in the appropriate age group (12-14 years) have been steadily rising. At the beginning of the millennium, only around 59 percent of children completed primary education. Now, 81 percent of children do so. If this trend continues, India will achieve universal primary completion well ahead of 2015.
- India is now very close to achieving gender parity in primary education. By 2009, 94 girls were enrolled for every 100 boys in primary school compared to 90 in the early 2000s. Moreover, the gap between girls and boys in terms of primary completion is narrowing. With this, the primary completion rate is expected to achieve gender parity by 2013.
- Real progress has been made on inclusion. Public school enrollment of children from long-deprived communities—Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes—now exceeds their shares in the general population. And, the gap in enrollment between the richest and poorest quintiles of population has reduced from 30 percentage points in 2002 to below 15 percentage points.
- Around 2.78 million children with special needs have been identified and are being covered with a variety of interventions like residential centers, home based education and integrating these into teacher training modules and programs.
- Transition rates between school levels have improved. In 2010, 83 percent of primary school graduates went on to upper-primary school, compared with 75 percent in 2002.
- To provide a more holistic education, a clear shift is taking place from a teacher-centered classroom to an active classroom that provides maximum opportunities for students to participate and learn through knowledge construction and activity based learning rather than on rote memorization.
- Early indications are that the focus on improving quality is bearing results. National learning achievement surveys conducted in 2008 show modest but consistent improvement in learning across all grades and all subjects as compared to the first round in 2004. This is an accomplishment given that international experience finds declines in average learning levels as large numbers of first-time learners entering school.
Mamta spent her early years grazing the family's flocks of sheep and goats along Rajasthan desert wastes. Once she joined the the residential school opened under India's SSA program, Mamta proved to be a quick learner. Now, her father has a host of aspirations for his bright daughter.
Bank Contribution
The SSA is basically a government–led program that is supported by IDA and other donors. IDA is the single largest donor. IDA's SSA I project (2004 to 2007) contributed US$500 million of the program's total cost of US$3.5 billion. In May 2008, SSA II was approved with an IDA commitment to provide an additional US$600 million to the program, which has a total cost of approximately US$7.2 billion.
In March 2010, following the Government of India's decision to extend SSA II for another two years, additional IDA funding of US$750 million was approved for 2010-12; this became effective in June 2010. In addition to financing, IDA experts have worked closely with the government to support the overall SSA program by bringing evidence from other countries and from rigorous global research of what works to improve educational quality and raise outcomes.
India's SSA program is collectively supported by IDA, the European Commission (EC) and the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID) in a sector wide approach. In the program's first phase, while India's central and state governments contributed the lion's share—about US$2.5 billion - the EC and DFID together contributed over US$500 million. In phase two, the Indian government invested more than US$6 billion, while the EC and DFID together contributed almost US$400 million.
Toward the Future
With SSA having made great strides in increasing access to primary education, the focus is now on bringing the remaining 8.1 million out-of-school children into school, boosting provision of upper-primary educational facilities, and improving learning outcomes. In addition, with the annual average drop-out rate at the primary level hovering at around 9% for the past few years, retaining first generation learners and children from deprived communities remains the last mile challenge. Going forward, with larger numbers of children completing their primary education, the number of secondary schools urgently needs to be expanded and along with an increase in quality.


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After a less than stellar launch of Final Fantasy XIV on PC in 2010 and a delayed version for PS3, Square Enix sent the game back to the drawing board and through the wringer which produced Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn. Well, this new realm finally has a release date for both the PC and the PlayStation 3 versions. SQUARE ENIX announced today that FINAL FANTASY XIV: A Realm Reborn will be set for release on August 27, 2013.
What's more, SE has also revealed a Collector's Edition for the game. Both versions (regular and Collector's) are now available for pre-order. Anyone who pre-orders the standard or collector's edition will receive early access to the game plus special in-game items, including a Cait Sith Doll Minion vanity pet and Mog Cap-themed headgear.
As for that Collector's Edition, the details on what's inside can be found below:
At a price of $79.99 for the PS3 and $69.99 for PC, the FINAL FANTASY XIV: A Realm Reborn Collector's Edition (seen in image above) includes:
FINAL FANTASY XIV: A Realm Reborn (regular edition) will be available for $39.99 on the PlayStation 3 system and $29.99 for Windows PC. The Collector's Edition will be available for $79.99 on the PlayStation 3 and the PC version will be sold exclusively at the Square Enix Online Store for $69.99. As the MMO is a subscription based game, a free 30-day trial is included for new accounts. Monthly subscriptions for new accounts start at $12.99.
Now if you were a loyal fan who purchased the original FINAL FANTASY XIV game on PC, you will be able to download the PC version of FINAL FANTASY XIV: A Realm Reborn for free.
Stay tuned for more details as we get them leading up to the game's release.

subset: commoncrawl


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Shipped custom boxed and fully insured for complete reliability from our warehouse via FedEx Home Delivery.
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Hand-crafted by artisans in the Guangdong province of mainland China, this sturdy Elmwood table features individually hand-painted details and a rich, clear lacquer finish. The craftsman's fine eye for detail is further evidenced in the fine woodworked details on the sides, legs, and claw feet. A truly unique accent piece, this table adds an exotic Asian flair to any room.
The following products were typically purchased along with the Claw Foot End Table. Click on any of the products below to find more information and to add to your shopping cart.
Claw Foot Coffee Table
18" Geisha Shoji Lamp
18" Bamboo Tree Lamp
Rosewood Netsuke Curio Stand - Honey
Gold Leaf Mirror
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Product DescriptionA great alternative to shorts, the Eat My Dust Skirt is perfect for women who have a hard time finding the perfect-fitting short. Made from a lightweight, high-stretch blend of 86% polyester and 14% elastane fabric, this über-comfy technical skirt combines The North Face's exclusive QuickDry and VaporWick technologies to provide exceptional breathability, fast drying, and moisture wicking. The contoured mesh waistband provides even greater ventilation, while ruching at the polyester tricot side panels adds feminine styling details. The boy-short liner includes integrated stow pockets for convenient packing, and the hidden zip pocket has a MP3 cord hole for easy access to your electronics. Reflective logos increase visibility and safety in low-light conditions. 14.25" length. Imported.
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Reviewed by 1 customer
- Flattering Waist Band
- Great length
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- Running
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I love running skirts and this one turned out to be even lighter weight than I expected. Only complaint is the under shorts are a bit short. With that said the skirt itself is agreat length and perfect for more than just running!
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Thanks to the generosity of alumnus Gary E. West '58, the athletic department will have artificial lighting at historic Russek Field for the 2013 football season. "We are grateful to Gary for his ongoing support and expect this gift of lighting to add a whole new dimension to our football program. Our players, coaches, fans, campus and the entire community thank him for his gift. It will add dramatically to the experience of both the fans and student-athletes," said President Robin C. Capehart.
Russek Field features a MondoTurf playing surface and seats 4,000 fans.
The lighting represents phase two of the football stadium upgrades funded by West, since the turf, installed in 2008, also was a West gift. This new project is expected to cost in the neighborhood of $500,000.
"This benefits many teams, individuals and groups besides football athletes. The campus community benefits tremendously. We thank Gary for his ongoing generosity," said Athletic Director Jim Watson. "This allows practice in the evening, which is important with class schedules."
The construction firm selected after bidding the lighting project was Plavchak Construction Company, Jefferson Hills, Pa. The lighting system is designed by Musco Lighting, Canonsburg, Pa. "The addition of new lighting will give us more options when planning our season. This year we'll play our first night game on Halloween — when we take on the Charleston Golden Eagles," said Head Football Coach Roger Waialae, now entering his ninth season leading the Hilltoppers. Kickoff is scheduled for 7 p.m.
The 2013 season marks the 88th year of intercollegiate football and the Hilltoppers' first season of competition as a charter member of the NCAA's newest Division II all-sports league, the Mountain East Conference. To follow Hilltopper athletics, visit hilltoppersports.com.
The October 31st Night Football Game is also sponsored by Main Street Bank.


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RUMSPRINGER – STAY AFLOAT LP/ Dirt Cult (Exclusive Euro Colour Vinyl)
Raw, visceral punk. At first listen, it's a collage of Northern California/Chicago-based punk bands with a palpable energy that's neither disturbingly lacking in production nor ripping off idols. The subject matter is both devastating and uplifting, in a strangely comforting way. Rumspringer has been and remains one of my favorite current bands, and I'm happy to be releasing this, their second LP. Limited to 100 color copies (mailorder only) and 100 European only copies available soon from Drunken Sailor Records.
Will send you a download code as soon as possible.
This is a pre-order, this, the Brain Attack 7"/ Daylight Robbery 7" will ship as soon as I get them off Dirt Cult.
Pressing Information
100 Exclusive Yellow Vinyl


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Marine Places
North Pole Cave (N) Reef
A wall reef that begins with a descent through the "North Pole Cave" - a deep chimney that exits near the bottom of the wall. Along the wall to the north, a series of tall, deep cracks shelter schooling jacks, while a large sandy patch at the bottom of the wall marks the turnaround point. Divers return to the boat along the rocky reef top.
Points of Interest
1. Staghorn coral zone – A fragile branching coral species that has become rare in the Caribbean. Damselfish often live among the protective branches of this coral
2. Schooling fish – Mahogany snapper, yellow goatfish, bermuda chub and grunts school together here for protection from predators
3. The chimney – The entrance to "North Pole Cave" is identified by a marker buoy. Divers descend vertically and emerge through a wide crack stretching from 30 m/100 ft to the seabed at 40 m/130 ft
4. Shark zone – Caribbean reef sharks and hammerhead sharks are often seen in this site's drop-off zone
5. Spiny lobster zone – The shy, nocturnal Caribbean spiny lobster hides in reef recesses and especially under plateform corals during the day, sometimes in small groups
6. Schooling jacks – Look inside this wide vertical crack for black jacks and horse-eye jacks as they school together for protection from predators
7. Red lionfish den – An invasive species from the Pacific that has become a little too successful in the Caribbean in the absence of its natural predators
8. Channel clinging crab cave – This large spiny crab, which can grow to 80 cm/32 in, can be found hiding in reef recesses during the day
Species to Discover
Black Jack, Spotfin Butterflyfish, Caribbean Reef Shark, Fairy Basslet, Bermuda Chub, Schoolmaster Snapper, Pillar Coral, Channel Clinging Crab, Flamingo Tongue, Blue Chromis, Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Saucereye Porgy, Nassau Grouper, Red Lionfish


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Asheville Candle
About Asheville Candle
Holiday 2014
What's New?
Asheville's Neighborhoods
Mountain Lights
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Candles, Candles, there are many, but there is
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th Carolina.
Asheville Candles
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restore the art of candle making by using only farmers soy
and a
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create scents that name specific locale and streets
of Asheville
" Land of the Sky".
What differentiates
Asheville Candle
from any other candle is that they are
composed just like a fine fragrance.
The top note entices, the Middle note captivates and the Base note lingers. Concentrations of perfume oils range from 12-15 percent giving the scent throw a quality of distinction, rare to find in most candles.
Packaging is "uncomplicated" like the region. We capture the rich colors of the area and transfer them unto a clear container topped with its
natural wooden lid and a
Wax Seal, a first in the industry
. Master Woodworker Chester A. Spier hand crafts each lid from local North Carolina wood, Walnut, Poplar, Cherry and Ambrosia embracing the scent and making a lasting impression.
Also never heard of in the candle industry,
Wax Seal
serving as a stamp of indisputable authenticity
, just like a signature in modern times. Using this Wax Seal serves as a seal that lends prestige and flair to the packaging pretty much making it a one of a kind, there are NO two seals alike, just like snowflakes.
Locally Handmade with only American materials.
Made in Asheville, NC
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North County freshman Jack Andraka earned the grand prize at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for creating a test that can detect early stage pancreatic cancer with 90 percent accuracy and at a cheaper rate than other tests.
"It detects an abnormal protein that you find in the blood when you have a pancreatic cancer," said Dr. Anirban Maitra, professor of Pathology, Oncology and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine to CBS affiliate WJZ-13. "He conceived this idea and I think the fact that he is 15 makes this whole story more remarkable."
An estimated 44, 000 people will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer this year; of those patients, 94 percent will die within five years of diagnosis and 74 percent will die within the first year. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States.
"I got interested in early detection because that's the best chance of treating cancer," Andraka said. "The only practical way of doing this is through routine blood tests so that's what I've developed here."


text: Whispering Winds Waynesville www.vacationhomerentals.com OnlineWebsite - www.vacationhomerentals.comSend an email - firstname.lastname@example.com Whispering Winds RoadWaynesville, NC 28785PhonePrimary - (941) 320-3509 Incredible views of the Jonathan Creek Valley. This nearly new log cabin is stocked with everything you need. Tongue & Groove woodwork throughout make it warm and cozy, yet bright and airy. Wood-burning fireplace to use at your leisure. In a very private setting, but close to everything in Waynesville and close to Maggie Valley. Bring clothes and food and nothing else. You'll want to stay forever! AmenitiesFireplace in room /rental unitKitchen – fullLaundry – in unitNon-smoking rooms / rental units availablePet-friendly


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Thursday 2/23- Put on your Middle Eastern taste buds, we will be walking down the spice lane of goodness. Engage the senses while feasting on Shawarma, and entice the palette with some veggie dolmades. This will be a fun filled … Continue reading
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How to Get Better Biceps
Two Methods:Isolation ExercisesCompound Exercises
Having strong biceps is useful for arm wrestling, showing off, and many types of sports. To learn how to build those guns, read this article.
1Make changes to your lifestyle to effectively build muscle. This means drinking more water, eating more lean protein and fiber, and making more time to engage in vigorous, fat-burning exercise. Sleeping well is also important, because it keeps your body healthy and facilitates muscle growth. With that, read on for specific exercises that target your biceps.Ad
Method 1 of 2: Isolation Exercises
1Bicep Curls. These are the best exercises for biceps. There are hundreds of different kinds of curls, each used to help work out a specific part of the body. Curls are done with dumbbells and barbells. Some of these are listed below:
2Basic Biceps Curl. The standard biceps curl targets the whole muscle. Start by holding the barbell or dumbbell in your hands with your arms facing down. Keep your elbows straight and held in tight to your sides. Exhale as you bring the bar to the chest until your biceps are fully contracted. Then inhale as you lower it (don't drop it, do it slowly.) Repeat.
3Concentration Curl. This curl isolates the whole bicep. Sit down on a chair or bench with a dumbbell in one of your hands. Lean forward slightly and place your triceps (back of the arm) on the inside of your thigh. Inhale as your lower, and exhale as your bring it up to your shoulder. Switch to other arm.
4Hammer Curl. The hammer curl targets the long head and brachialis. Hold a dumbbell in each hand with your palms facing your leg. Exhale as your bring your forearm up until it touches your biceps. Inhale as you lower, keeping the elbows close to the body.
5Body Drag Curls. In a standing barbell curl position, slide the bar upward against your body until it reaches your mid-chest level - about as high as you'll be able to move it without cheating it up - then lower the bar the same way, making sure it does not lose contact with your torso. Your elbows will move backward and your shoulders cannot assist in the movement.
6Reverse Curls. Start by holding a dumbbell in each hand with your palm facing behind you, the top of your hand facing forward. In one swift movement, bring the dumbbell up at the same time as turning it. You should end up with your arm in the basic bicep curl position. Lower and repeat. This is a great exercise for both biceps and forearms.
7Preacher curls. Preacher curls isolate the whole bicep. Start by taking a barbell or a pair of dumbbells and rest your arms on the pad and press your chest against it. Curl the weight slowly and bring it back down. When doing these curls keep the bar right at the middle, not at the bottom or top.
Method 2 of 2: Compound Exercises
1Do chin-ups. Chin ups work the back and biceps, respectively. They also work the core. Because the back is assisting your biceps in lifting your entire body over the bar, your biceps can handle much more weight, which is the key to muscle building. [1] Imagine bicep curling your own body weight; your biceps are far too small too handle such weight!Ad
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- When your current weight is easier, but any extra weight makes it too hard, simply do more reps with your current weight until you have built up enough strength to do a sizable amount of repetitions with the next weight.
- Muscles don't come overnight, it takes time and dedication so don't get disappointed.
- The most common mistake made when doing curls is doing them too fast and/or lowering the weight too fast. Take your time. Raise and lower the weight at the same pace and avoid getting sloppy. You'll appreciate the results.
- Weight doesn't matter as much as form. If you have to start at ten pounds, that's all right. Just make sure you keep the form and technique good. Once you find it easier to do your current weight, it's time to take it up another five pounds or so.
- The key to having great guns is to exercise your triceps too. Your triceps make up most of your arm and toned triceps give definition to your biceps.
- If you are wanting to gain big biceps you should find the weight that suits you, and should keep your reps short, 8 reps is enough, your 8th rep should be near enough impossible to lift, do 3 sets of each exercise you do.
- If you feel pain in your wrists and/or elbows while doing any of these exercises, use an curl bar and/or dumbbells instead of a straight bar.
- First work on size then on curls, because if you curl first, then it is difficult to work on size.
- Using walls as a support whilst pushing against using your arms will supply you with a good head start, seeing as it uses your own body weight and you can turn and twist to suit.
- Know that other common bicep exercises include the preacher curl, incline biceps curl, cable curl, and the lying bicep curl.
- Only doing curls will not get you "guns", you need to exercise your whole body, especially the legs. To put 1 inch (2.5 cm) of muscle on your arms, you will need to increase lean mass by 4 pounds!
- Never use a weight that is too heavy for good form (for example requires you to swing and use momentum for the lift). Without good form you will not get optimum muscle growth, and you risk injury too.
- To get hypertrophy, you have to train for hypertrophy that means a weight that would be acceptable would be that in which you can preform 8-12 reps with. If you do more, you'll be training for endurance, if you do less, you'll be training solely for strength.
- There is no need to use a power cage or squat rack for curls. If you cannot pick the weight off the floor, you shouldn't really be performing curls at that weight either. Again, doing so could result in injury.
Article Info
Categories: Upper Body Strengthening and Toning
In other languages:
Español: Cómo tener mejores biceps, Italiano: Come Sviluppare i Bicipiti, Português: Como Obter Bíceps Melhores, Русский: увеличить бицепсы, Deutsch: Bessere Bizeps bekommen
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 775,267 times.


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With another chapter of interleague games in the books, teams are set to get back to their normal routines this week.
As we inch closer to the All-Star Break, this will be the time when the contenders start separating themselves from the pretenders.
So, let's look at some trendy, hot and intriguing names to watch for the week.
Ryan Braun: Milwaukee Brewers
The reigning NL MVP is in one nice groove right now.
Braun is working on an 18-game hitting streak and is absolutely torching the ball in June. Braun is batting .346 in June with six home runs and 16 RBI's.
Braun and the Brewers face off against the Reds (Mat Latos, Bronson Arroyo and Homer Bailey) on the road this week before heading back home to take on the Diamondbacks (Ian Kennedy, Wade Miley and Daniel Hudson).
Trevor Bauer: Arizona Diamondbacks
The uber-pitching prospect Bauer is likely going to make his major league debut this week. After pitching only 2 2/3 innings in his last minor league start on Sunday, the Diamondbacks are expected to recall Bauer for their matchup with the Braves on Thursday.
Armed with an above-average fastball and changeup, Bauer should be scooped up in all leagues, as he has the makeup of an ace-in-waiting.
As if you didn't know already.
Kevin Youkilis: Chicago White Sox
The Red Sox did what they have been trying to do for months when they finally traded the embattled Youkilis to the White Sox on Sunday.
Youkilis has not been the same this year while battling various ailments. However, a change of scenery may do him some good.
Youkilis and the White Sox will get set to face the Twins (Francisco Liriano, Liam Hendriks and Nick Blackburn) at home before heading to the Bronx for a matchup with the Yankees (Ivan Nova, , Hiroki Kuroda and Phil Hughes) to end the week.
Will Middlebrooks: Boston Red Sox
As one chapter ends in Boston, one is just about to begin in earnest, as the Youkilis trade will open the door for Middlebrooks to take seize of the third base job with no issue now.
Middlebrooks is sizzling hot too, going 10-18 with three home runs, 11 RBI's and seven runs scored in his last eight games.
Middlebrooks and the Red Sox will have some juicy matchups this week with three games against the Blue Jays (Henderson Alvarez, Aaron Laffey and Ricky Romero) at home before a four game series in Seattle (Felix Hernandez, Hector Noesi, Erasmo Ramirez and Jason Vargas) to end the week.
Colby Rasmus: Toronto Blue Jays
It took a long time, but Rasmus is finally finding a comfort zone in Toronto.
Rasmus is red hot and is 13-34 in his last nine games, while also going deep four times and driving in 12 runs in the process.
Rasmus and the Blue Jays will square off against the Red Sox (Felix Doubront, Daisuke Matsuzaka and Jon Lester) and the Angels (Dan Haren, Ervin Santana, Garret Richards and C.J. Wilson) this week.
Chase Utley: Philadelphia Phillies
With the Phillies spiraling out of control and quickly losing ground in the NL East standings, they will at least welcome back one of their biggest bats this week when they are expected to activate Utley for Wednesday's game against the Pirates (A.J. Burnett).
There should be a lot of rust attached to Utley's game, but the Phillies desperately need his bat in the lineup. This week should be used as an evaluation period to see how Utley fares upon his comeback.
To end the week, Utley and the Phils will head to Miami to face their struggling staff (Josh Johnson, Mark Buehrle and Ricky Nolasco).
Jake Peavy: Chicago White Sox
The under-appreciated Peavy is making a bid this season for both an All-Star selection as well as Comeback Player of the Year.
Peavy is 6-3 on the year with an impressive 2.74 ERA and 0.94 WHIP.
Even though he has a tough matchup on Saturday at New York, his first matchup on Monday in Minnesota should no doubt make him a must-start for most fantasy owners.
Ryan Vogelsong: San Francisco Giants
With Tim Lincecum being a shell of his old self, it has been Vogelsong who has helped anchor the Giants' staff alongside Matt Cain and Madison Bumgarner all year long.
Vogelsong is proving last year was no fluke and is 6-3 on the year with a terrific 2.41 ERA and 1.15 WHIP.
Vogelsong will have two starts at home this week, with the first coming on Tuesday against the Dodgers before facing off against the Reds on Sunday.
James McDonald: Pittsburgh Pirates
McDonald has been a popular pickup off the waiver wire for the last month or so, as he has finally started to harness his control.
McDonald is also making a bid for inclusion on the NL All Star team, as he 6-3 on the year with a splendid 2.19 ERA and 0.95 WHIP. McDonald's 83 strikeout to 24 walk ratio is what separates himself from the pack, though.
McDonald will also have two starts this week, although both will be on the road this week (@Philadelphia and @St. Louis).
Felix Doubront: Boston Red Sox
With the Red Sox banged up and getting so-so production from its staff, it has been Doubront who has been a godsend for Boston this year.
Doubront is 8-3 with a respectable 4.31 ERA. Doubront's 85 strikeouts also place him in the Top 10 in the AL.
With two starts this week (vs. Toronto and @Seattle), this would be a good week to ride Doubront.
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Latest posts by Dan Stack (Posts)
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Those overseas factory employees get to see the latest game consoles, iPhones, and all-around cool gadgets before everyone else, but can't even tell anyone about them. At what point does the temptation become too much?
For one worker, that point was apparently when he saw the 3DS come to the production line. The unnamed employee, who appears to be a pretty big Nintendo fan in his own right, allegedly smuggled one of the units and snapped a whole bunch of pictures from the comfort of his home.
He posted the pictures on a Chinese forum called TGBus.com, showing all angles of the 3DS. There's even a comparison shot of the system right next to the original DS, DS Lite, DSi, DSi XL, and Game Boy Micro.
What he doesn't seem to be able to capture is any sort of actual content on the 3DS. It looks like there's some sort of boot-up menu, but nothing else. Obviously he doesn't have any games to test it out, so it's little more than a paperweight right now.
Yes, we're all insanely jealous of him anyway. But hopefully we won't have to wait too long until everyone here gets to see the nifty 3D gadget in person. Nintendo's holding a news conference later this month for what we can only assume is an announcement about when the gizmo will be coming stateside.
For now, we can enjoy the fruits of this courageous factory worker's labor and see what a 3DS looks like in its natural habitat - a gamer's home.
[Source: TGBus]
Jan 3, 2011
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Biological Classification
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1060 Titles Match Your Query
Showing 101 through 150 of 1060
Collection of Antarctic fish leeches from McMurdo Sound [K014_2009_2010_NZ_2]
Samples of Antarctic Trematomid fish leeches were fixed in alcohol and returned to New Zealand for identification and analysis.
Surface snow samples containing aeolian dust recovered from 40 sites on first and multi-year McMurdo sea ice using ultra clean methodology in November 2009 [K049_2009_2010_NZ_1]
55 surface snow samples containing aeolian dust were collected from the McMurdo sea ice using ultra clean methodology along two East-West transects and one North-South transect. Duplicate samples ...
Analysing toxicological impacts of contaminants on Notothenioid fish: Impacts of Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) [K068_2009_2010_NZ_2]
Target species Trematomus benacchii (n=72)from Cape Evans were collected live for the purpose of conducting a dose-response experiment in New Zealand on the live fish. Fish were dosed with different ...
Soil chemistry and soil CO2 concentration and isotopic composition from sites in Taylor Valley and the Lake Wellman area [K072_2008_2010_NZ_1]
This study aimed to understand the origin and dynamics of pedogenic carbonate in Antarctic soils, with a long-term view to understanding the formation of carbonate and the storage and turnover of ...
Very low frequency subionospheric communication transmitter observations [K069_2008_2009_NZ_1]
The AARDDVARK/WWLLN Very Low Frequency (VLF) Radio Sensor was installed at Arrival Heights from 10-15 December 2008 by Dr Craig J. Rodger and Dr. James Brundell as part of Antarctica New Zealand Event ...
Very low frequency radio observations of lightning discharges [K069_2008_2009_NZ_2]
The AARDDVARK/WWLLN Very Low Frequency (VLF) Radio Sensor was installed at Arrival Heights from 10-15 December 2008 by Dr Craig J. Rodger and Dr. James Brundell as part of Antarctica New Zealand Event ...
Collection of marine sediment, algae, invertebrate and fish samples from multiple sites at diveable depths in the Ross Sea Region [K065_2008_2009_NZ_1]
In order to resolve the contribution of microbes (bacteria) in the benthic food web under the sea ice in Antarctica and to determine the level of recycling of carbon that occurs in the community, ...
Gravity Measurements for Hut Point Peninsula Base Stations [K105_2008_2009_NZ_1]
Construction of buildings at McMurdo Station and Scott Base has resulted in the loss of several of the gravity base stations established during and shortly after the IGY. Antarctica New Zealand established ...
Southern Victoria Land Geological Map, 1:250 000, GNS Science [K105_2008_2009_NZ_2]
Geological field observations collected from New Harbour, Kukri Hills, Ferrar Glacier, Bettle Peak, Blue Glacier, Mt Lister, Salmon Valley, Cape Chocolate and Walcott Bay; of basement rock, Beacon ...
GPR surveys, meteorological and hydrology data from the Joyce, Garwood and Hobbs glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys to investigate glacier-permafrost interactions [K064_2008_2010_NZ_1]
The aim of this study was to develop an understanding of the interactions between glaciers and their permafrost beds that will permit models of glaciers to realistically parameterise ice motion. Improvement ...
Tissue collection for molecular and morphological phylogenetics of Antarctic fishes [K012_1989_1992_NZ_2]
Tissue was collected for molecular analysis of evolutionary relationships in the notothenioids. Material from 10 notothenioids and 2 zoarcids was collected and analysed.
The histological development of blood cells and identification of erythropoietin in the red blooded Antarctic notothenioid species [K012_1994_1995_NZ_1]
A joint program with the Italian program investigated erythropoesis (formation of red blood cells) and red cell turn over in the red blooded Antarctic fishes. A range of fish tissues was collected ...
The effects of temperature and pH on collegen denaturation at fish skin contractions in Antarctic fish [K012_1988_1989_NZ_4]
Measurements of fish skin contraction as a function of temperature and pH and the effects of temperature on denaturation of collagen was investigated by incubating strips of skin from several notothenioid ...
Investigations of the neurobiology of the lateral line sensory system and its use in feeding and behaviour in Antarctic fish [K012_1989_1992_NZ_1]
The anatomy, physiology and behaviour of Antarctic fishes and their use of the lateral line sensory system was investigated over three field seasons. Methodologies for comparing lateral line function ...
Measurements of the caridac, hematocrit and haemoglobin concentration recovery rates from exercise and in response to cardioregulatory drugs of Pagothenia borchgrevinki, T. bernacchii and Rhigophila dearborni [K012_1988_1989_NZ_2]
Electrocardiograms were recorded for Pagothenia borchgrevinki, T. bernacchii and Rhigophila dearborni while the fish were immobilised by artificial ventilation of the gills by rapid water flow over ...
The viscosity of the endolymph in Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Dissostichus mawsoni to assess the relative degrees of cold compensation at different stages in the vestibulo-ocular reflex arc [K012_1988_1989_NZ_3]
Endolymph (inner ear fluid) from the semicircular canals was collected from Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Dissostichus mawsoni by dissecting the mid brain to expose the intact vestibular apparatus. ...
Size range and sex ratio of the amphipod Hyperiella dilatata taken by fish, caught in plankton nets and those associated with jellyfish [K012_1987_1988_NZ_3]
Aspects of the biology of the amphipod Hyperiella dilatata was investigated including comparisons of size range and sex ratio of individuals taken by the fish, and those caught in plankton nets, with ...
Measurements of the viscosity of blood and plasmas at various temperatures and shear rates in Antarctic notothenioids, zoarcids, channichthyids and a New Zealand notothenioid [K012_1988_1989_NZ_1]
The viscosity of blood and plasma was measured from the Antarctic notothenioids Pagothenia borchgrevinki, Trematomus bernacchii, T. centronotus and Dissostichus mawsoni, from the Antarctic zoarcid ...
Electroretinograms, retina analysis, behavioural observations and gut content and clearance rate of notothenioid Antarctic fish to determine the importance of visual function in feeding [K012_1987_1988_NZ_1]
The visual function in Pagothenia borchgrevinki was investigated in relation to their feeding by relating feeding with the vertical stratification of zooplankton and then determining their visual ...
The vertical distribution of zooplankton in the Cape Armitage area [K012_1987_1988_NZ_2]
The vertical distribution of zooplankton was determined in the Cape Armitage area. A large number of samples were taken by streaming plankton nets at a range of depths over the top 200m. These samples ...
Physiological control of the heart and pH balance in Antarctic fish: An adaptation to cold temperatures [K012_1986_1987_NZ_1]
Changes in temperature are thought to affect the relative contributions of the excitatory adrenergic and inhibitory parasympathetic nerves to the vertebrate heart. Investigations of the heart function ...
Blood buffering capacity of muscles of the Antarctic fish Dissostichus mawsoni, Pagothenia borchgrevinki, Trematomus centronotus, P. macropterus and Rhigophila dearborni [K012_1986_1987_NZ_2]
Temperature is an environmental factor which has profound effects on both aerobic and anaerobic activities. During aerobic activity, hydrogen ions from acidic metabolites are consumed by oxidative ...
Analysis the diet of Pagothenia borchgrevinki from stomach contents and plankton sampling near Scott Base [K012_1985_1986_NZ_1]
Samples of 20 fish of Pagothenia borchgrevinki were collected every second or third day over the course of the study period near Scott Base. The stomach contents of each fish were extracted, weighed ...
Measurement of the vibrations the sensory neurons of the anterior lateral line can detect in the Antarctic fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki in relation to prey detection [K012_1985_1986_NZ_2]
A study of predator-prey interaction was focussed into an investigation of non-visual sensory interaction between Pagothenia borchgrevinki and its prey. Recordings were made from sensory neurons of ...
Contraction rates of muscles and measurements of the input and output parameters of the vestibulo-ocular reflex action in the Antarctic fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki [K012_1984_1985_NZ_2]
In order to fully describe the input and output parameters of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, simultaneous recordings are required of head movement, sensory input from the semicircular canals, motor ...
The respiratory physiology of Antarctic fish: resting metabolism, dermal respiration and haemoglobin denaturation investigations [K012_1984_1985_NZ_3]
Metabolic studies were made on 4 common species of notothenioids; Pagothenia borchgrevinki, Trematomus bernacchii, T. centronotus, T. hansoni and on one zoarcid species Rhigophila dearborni. Fish ...
Metabolic and biochemical consequences of niche specialization of Antarctic fish - heat stressed proteins, metabolite levels, nucleotide ratios, neurotransmitters, muscle buffering capacity, blood erythrocytes [K012_1992_1995_NZ_1]
Antarctic notothenioid fishes have radiated to fill a range of ecological niches, forming an assemblage of over a hundred closely related species. Some groups have developed extreme specializations ...
Analysis of bottom sediment and water samples near Scott Base to determine the effects of effluents on the marine environment [K012_1994_1995_NZ_3]
The effects of Scott Base effluents on the marine environment was investigated by collecting bottom sediments and water samples on both side of the pressure ridges at Pram Point, near Scott Base. ...
Collection and identification of marine crustaceans in McMurdo Sound to identify ectoparasitic isopods from McMurdo Sound fish species [K012_1994_1995_NZ_2]
A variety of small crustaceans from diverse sources, including benthic traps, bottom grab and hand collection by USAP divers were collected to identify ectoparasitic isopods from McMurdo Sound fish ...
Temperature selection, locomotion and feeding behaviour of Antarctic fish [K012_1983_1984_NZ_3]
To test the ability of Antarctic fishes to perceive and react to temperature differences, a temperature gradient from -1.8?C to +5.4?C was set up in a trough and fish were monitored to see which part ...
Muscle histochemistry and characterization of the different metabolic types in fin and trunk muscles [K012_1983_1984_NZ_2]
Four species of Antarctic fish were collected near Scott Base including Pagothenia borchgrevinki, Dissostichus mawsoni, Trematomus bernacchii (all from the Ross Sea) and Rhigophila dearborni (obtained ...
Measurements of the quantal content in neuromuscular transmission of the Antarctic fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki - end plate potential recordings from muscle fibres [K012_1984_1985_NZ_1]
The Antarctic fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki was captured from near Scott Base and used to measure the quantal content in neuromuscular transmission of Antarctic fish. The amount of neurotransmitter ...
Digital data recorder recordings of changes in biological rhythms when humans move from regular night/day cycles in low latitudes to continuous daylight in high latitudes [K012_1983_1984_NZ_4]
Members of the Antarctic Project of the University of Auckland (APUA) group wore digital data recorders (Vitalogs) connected to temperature probes, electrocardiograph electrodes and movement sensors ...
The effects of pH and drugs on miniature end plate current decay in extraocular muscles of the Antarctic fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki [K012_1982_1983_NZ_2]
Previous experiments indicated that miniature end plate currents (MEPCs) from extraocular muscles of Antarctic fish decay significantly faster than MEPCs from New Zealand temperate fish. As the Antarctic ...
Measurement of the effects of pH and temperature on the oxygen binding properties (oxygen affinity) and ATP concentrations in whole blood of Antarctic fish [K012_1982_1983_NZ_1]
Many Antarctic fishes have taken advantage of the combination of low oxygen requirements and high availability of oxygen by reducing the number of erythrocytes and the amount of intracellular haemoglobin. ...
The neural biology of Antarctic fish: Measurements of the neural activity from fish semicircular canals in response to head movement [K012_1983_1984_NZ_1]
The input and outputs of a well defined reflex pathway (the vestibulo-ocular reflex - VOR) was described in Antarctic fish to assess the mechanisms of neural cold adaptation at low temperatures. The ...
Estimates of the amount of neuromuscular transmitter released by motor nerve terminals at different temperatures in the Antarctic fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki [K012_1982_1983_NZ_3]
The number of quantal doses of acetylcholine released by a nerve to activate a muscle can be estimated by recording repeated responses (end plate potentials of EPPs) to nerve stimulation and calculating ...
Collection of benthic Antarctic fishes to determine isopod ectoparasite species distribution and host specificity and collection of specimens for a museum reference collection [K012_1981_1982_NZ_2]
142 specimens of small benthic fishes were captured at Cape Royds and examined for ectoparasites. Where practical, fishes with isopod ectoparasites were retained to obtain additional information on ...
Miniature end plate currents recorded from Pagothenia borchgrevinki muscle at different temperatures and measurements of the function of the oculomotor (eye movement response) control system [K012_1981_1982_NZ_1]
Miniature end plate currents (MEPC) were recorded from fish muscle of Pagothenia borchgrevinki to test the hypothesis that the high proportion of unsaturated lipids will result in increased membrane ...
Collection of Antarctic terrestrial insects from Cape Royds, New Harbour/Taylor Valley [K012_1981_1982_NZ_4]
Collection of terrestrial insects (collembolans) were made wherever possible to extend distribution records, and to characterize preferred habitats for the insects. Collections of collembola (springtails) ...
Mark and recapture study of Trematomus bernacchii at Cape Royds [K012_1981_1982_NZ_3]
A mark and recapture study of Trematomus bernacchii was proposed for the Cape Royds area to estimate population size and degree of mobility within the population. Fish were tagged with color coded ...
Investigations of haematological parameters, the level of red cell ATP and blood lactate in the blood of resting and exercising Antarctic fish at cold and warm temperatures [K012_1977_1978_NZ_2]
The level of adenosine triphosphate in fish blood and its role in regulating oxygen uptake by fish haemoglobins was examined. Various haematological parameters, red cell ATP and blood lactate were ...
The effects of temperature on conduction of the nervous impulse and transmission of the impulse from nerve to muscle in two Antarctic fish and an isopod [K012_1977_1978_NZ_1]
The pattern of cold adaptation in the nervous system of Antarctic fish, with particular attention to the effects of temperature changes on conduction of the nervous impulse and on transmission of ...
Haemotological characterization of Antarctic fish blood from Antarctic fish and the giant isopod [K012_1978_1980_NZ_2]
Blood samples were taken from 8 Antarctic Notothenioids (e.g. Pagothenia borchgrevinki, Trematomus hansoni, T. centronotus, T. bernacchii, T. newnesi, Dissostichus mawsoni) and one species each of ...
A series of experiments to characterize the neuromuscular transmission in Antarctic fishes (Pagothenia borchgrevinki) and the effects of temperature on these reactions [K012_1978_1980_NZ_1]
The low temperature adaptations involved in neuromuscular transmission in Antarctica fish was characterized. An exploratory dissection of Pagothenia borchgrevinki revealed that the inferior oblique ...
Measurements of methane concentrations and isotopic ratios from the atmosphere via equipment aboard supply aircrafts operating between Christchurch, New Zealand and McMurdo Sound [K087_1989_2008_NZ_2]
The atmospheric trace gas, methane (CH4), affects the radiative heat balance of the earth. Measurements of the carbon and hydrogen isotopes in atmospheric methane are used to relate this climatically ...
Annual measurements of atmospheric methane concentrations and isotopic ratios from Arrival Heights, Ross Island since November 1989 [K087_1989_2008_NZ_1]
The atmospheric trace gas, methane (CH4), affects the radiative heat balance of the earth. The sources of atmospheric methane are not well understood. Large air samples (1000-1400 litres) of methane ...
Atmospheric air samples from aboard supply aircrafts operating between Christchurch, New Zealand and McMurdo Sound investigating the atmospheric chemistry and reactions between carbon monoxide, methane and ozone [K087_1996_1998_NZ_1]
Large whole air samples collected from a compressor system aboard the supply aircrafts operating between Christchurch and McMurdo incorporated measurements of ozone. In association with concentration ...
Measurements of the mixing ratios of the C2-C10 non-methane hydrocarbons from Arrival Heights since 1990 [K087_1990_2008_NZ_1]
A large variety of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are found throughout the troposphere in varying concentrations. The reaction of a NMHC with the hydroxyl (OH) molecule causes atmospheric oxidation. ...
Measurements of carbon monoxide concentrations and isotopic ratios from the atmosphere via equipment aboard supply aircrafts operating between Christchurch, New Zealand and McMurdo Sound [K087_1991_2008_NZ_2]
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a trace gas in the atmosphere. The use of the radioactive isotope 14C in carbon monoxide is useful for determining the oxidative capacity via oxidation by hydroxyl (OH). Large ...
Showing 101 through 150 of 1060
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Gov. Christie Lashes Out At Media
Advice to President Obama: Act Like You Won a Landslide Victory!
President Obama Inserts 'Birther' Joke Into Stump Speech In N.H. Mediaite
President Obama To Jon Stewart: Americans Getting Killed In Libya Is 'Not Optimal' Mediaite
Is Obama overrated as a candidate? Washington Post
New Hampshire Resident: 'Obama Couldn't Run A Lemonade Stand' Drudge
Obama Not Involved with Secret Service Prostitute Scandal, But that won't stop enemies
President Obama Calls Kanye West a "Jackass"
NRA: Obama "is the most Anti-Freedom President"
Foster Friess "I hope his (Obama) teleprompters are bullet-proof"
President Obama Advocates the Buffett Rule
Remarks with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
Karl Rove's Fight Club
Obama's Report Card For Last Night's Jobs Speech
President Obama's speech last night earned a lot of buzz before and after he made his case for a one-year $450 billion jobs bill he wants passed. So how did the president do from a…
Michelle Obama Claims Her Husband Doesn't Dye His Hair
President Obama doesn't dye his hair; this is obvious to anyone who isn't a complete knucklehead. Sure, in some photos his hair looks darker than in others. In some photos, I look like I have…
President Barack Obama Quit Smoking for past year, First Lady Michelle Obama Reveals in Sound Bite Blunder
McCain says a 'much more centrist' Obama 'much' easier to work with -media training
http://www.tjwalker.com media training, presentation training The president has become more centrist, which makes him easier to work with, Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) said Thursday.
Full Text of The State of the Union
If you love speeches and speech writing, you owe it to yourself to not only watch a speech, but to read it as well. Here is the full transcript of the President's State of the…
State of the Union 2011- VIDEO analysis
http://www.tjwalker.com media training, presentation training Moments after the State of the Union Address finished TJ Walker looks at the highs and lows of the speech and grades President Obama's performance.
John McCain Suggestion: Stop Standing and Applauding the State of the Union Speeches
Yesterday on Face the Nation, Senator John McCain made a great point: State of the Union speeches are long and boring because politicians on either side of the aisle feel the need to stand and…
Obama is Promoting, Previewing and Packaging His State of the Union Address
The White House is spending a lot of time letting people know what Obama is going to be speaking about in the State of the Union Address. They have even sent out a video in…
Will President Obama Talk Gay Marriage, DOMA Repeal at State of the Union?
What should President Obama speak about during his State of the Union Address? What should he put in and what should he leave out? We would love to hear your feedback. Leave your messages here.
Obama to Name Former Commerce Secretary William Daley as Chief of Staff
President Obama went back to his Chicago roots to name a new chief of staff, hiring William Daley. What he also did was open up a can of political worms that the conservative pundits and…
Obama Retreats From the Public Eye During Vacation
President Obama, like President Reagan, seems to be psychologically secure enough that he's comfortable not being in the limelight all the time. Some Presidents feel that have to provide a photo-op 365 days a year….
Obama in Afghanistan – Thanks Troops for Sacrifice
President Obama makes a surprise visit to troops in Afghanistan. A good PR move of course, but what other implications does this have?


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Fixers - Floating Up
Coming from the more-psychadelic end of the Oxford music scene, Fixers have grown up on the sounds of Brian Wilson, Kate Bush and Cocteau Twins. Their last music video saw them on the search for a cure for their friend who was slowly growing cereal all over his body. Standard. To experience Fixers' sound yourself go to Facebook and have a free download of 'Floating Up' by clicking here.


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Tom Hanrahan: Microsoft Takes Open Source Seriously
Collaboration with Novell on virtualization and Web service management, and quality of interaction between Windows and Samba are the next topics that Microsoft's Linux developer, Tom Hanrahan, will be focusing on.
After his move from the Linux Foundation to Microsoft in June, Linux developer represented his new employer for the first time at two US Open Source fairs, and was exposed to criticism both personally and for his decision. Hanrahan's blog entry can be seen as a response to his critics and an attempt to explain what he hopes to achieve in his new position.
"Microsoft is in the spectrum of balance between proprietary and open source just like everyone else", he writes, going on to say that the corporation obviously tends towards the proprietary, but that he has evidence that Microsoft takes ist Open Source commitments seriously. Microsoft recently submitted two of its licenses to the Open Source Intiative (OSI) for certification.
At the same time, John Lam, the developer responsible for the Microsoft clones, Iron Ruby and Iron Python, announced in his blog that both would be released as Open Source projects. "Both of these efforts reflect serious attempts by Microsoft to participate in the development of truly Open Source software.", said Hanrahan in his blog, going on to describe the core of his work as producing " mutual respect and understanding between Microsoft and the Open Source community", and asking for support in his efforts.
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Issue 170/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
TGXf Project Warns of File Transfer through Screen Pixels
Weird data transfer technique avoids all standard security measures.
Industry Giants Announce a Fix for the Password Mess
FIDO alliance declares the beginning of the end for old-style login authentication.
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Ridgid 33927 345DL Double Flaring Tool with No. 150 Tubing Cutter & Case Kit
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Jump to:Page Content
Home > News & Comment > 2011 News & Comment
|November 7: The Human Rights to Water and Sanitation Program held a joint event with the Gender and Security Seminar Series at the Carr Center entitled "Water and Sanitation for Women's Security." Carr Center Fellows Sharmila Murthy and Mark Williams explained how lack of access to clean, safe and affordable water and sanitation services disproportionately affects women and girls. Each day, women and girls collectively spend more than 200 million hours on transporting water, which reduces their opportunities for education and economic advancement. Lack of access to sanitation and hygiene services at schools is a further hurdle that discourages girls from attending school. In addition, women and girls are vulnerable to physical or sexual attacks while traveling long distances to collect water or when relieving themselves when sanitation facilities are not available. This session examined how the newly recognized human rights to water and sanitation can be used as a tool to address these gender inequities.
|October 25: The Harvard Gazette, Carr Center Fellow Sharmila Murthy and the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation Program are prominently featured in an article exploring the many ways people all around Harvard are working to make the most of water.
|October 24: The Carr Center's Human Rights to Water and Sanitation Program convened a highly successful meeting with Catarina de Albuquerque, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Water and Sanitation and a select group of scholars and practitioners, which explored research ideas for fostering the progressive realization of the human rights to water and sanitation. Video Available
|October 18: The Carr Center hosted a study group with Daniele Lantagne and Sharmila Murthy to explore the relationship between the human rights to water and sanitation and MDG Target 7c, which seeks to "halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking-water and basic sanitation." The session first explored critiques of the current indicators from a human rights perspective. It then used a case study on water quality measuring tools to highlight the challenges of developing better indicators. In the last part of the session, the study group participants were provided with copies of sample surveys used by the Joint Monitoring Program (i.e. MICS and DHS) and asked to propose new indicators that would encompass human rights norms, but also be practically feasible to implement.
|September 27: The Carr Center hosted a study group meeting with Julia Tierney to examine Sao Paolo's remarkable progress in improving access to water and sanitation services in informal settlements. Although challenges remain, several factors were critical to this success: community pressure from below; political will from the top, including a commitment to achieving universal coverage; and technical, institutional and legal innovations within SABESP, the Sao Paulo state water company.
|September 16: The Carr Center Human Rights to Water and Sanitation Program team participated in the International Water Forum at the United Nations in September. This international conference sought to build bridges between government, private sector, academia and non-governmental organizations to increase public awareness, develop educational campaigns and create effective solutions for the emerging water crisis.
|September 13: The Carr Center Human Rights to Water and Sanitation Program hosted an informative and well attended discussion led by Dr. Patricia Jones of UUSC and Julian Barriga of the Federation of Neighborhood Organizations ("FEJUVE") discussing the water issues confronting the cities of La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia.
|August 21: Carr Center Fellows Sharmila Murthy and Mark Williams attend World Water Week in Stockholm, Sweden.
|February 25: The UN Independent Expert on the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation, Dr. Catarina de Albuquerque, visited Boston. Albuquerque heard testimony from community members living in the greater Boston area regarding problems with their water and sanitation services.


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JANA Partners Responds To Agrium's Proxy Circular And Defense Of The Status Quo
NEW YORK, March 4, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- JANA Partners today responded to the release of proxy materials from Agrium Inc. ("Agrium") (TSX / NYSE: AGU).
"Agrium is proudly defiant in its continued refusal to consider any new means to reverse its historical underperformance compared to its true potential. However, nothing in Agrium's new appeal to shareholders addresses the board's total failure to unlock Agrium's true value potential and its entrenched defense of the status quo at any cost. After you wash away the diversions and distortions, the truth remains that Agrium has significantly underperformed its peer weighted average, has destroyed value through its failed strategy and lack of proper board oversight, and would benefit greatly from the experience, independence and shareholder mindset that our nominees will bring to Agrium's board.
Agrium continues to focus only on our comments about its conglomerate structure because they have no compelling response on the issues we have raised with respect to costs, controls, capital allocation and corporate governance. As for the issue of structure, Agrium pounds its chest but the fact is that the board has refused to conduct anything other than a rigged review of Agrium's persistent undervaluation based on distorted analysis. A board in search of all means to deliver value for shareholders would conduct a searching review of the issue and accept whatever the results are, as our independent nominees would do.
With respect to Agrium's attacks on our directors, this is another diversionary tactic from a board that knows it is losing shareholders because of its inability to unlock Agrium's true value potential. The truth is that our nominees only stand to gain to the extent that all shareholders gain and each meets the independence requirements of the CBCA, the NYSE and Agrium's own governance guidelines. Agrium has known this since we first disclosed our director nominees four months ago but is raising it now out of desperation. It is also preposterous that a board chairman that has purchased literally zero shares personally in almost seven years and a board that overall has invested so little personally in their own stock, and has acted accordingly, would seek to make an issue out of director alignment with shareholders.
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On Oct. 21, the Miami Art Museum (MAM) unveiled Herzog & de Meuron's design for the institution's new home. Part of the Museum Park Master Plan, a revitalization of Bicentennial Park being led by Cooper, Robertson & Partners, the 120,000-square-foot building will offer three times the space of the museum's current digs. It is expected to be completed by 2013, at a cost of $220 million.
Within days, MAM director Terence Riley had news of his own: He was stepping down after nearly four years at the helm. Riley—who will return to his firm, Keenen/Riley Architects, and also serve as a building consultant for MAM—stressed in an interview with The New York Times that his departure had nothing to do with funding difficulties. Only $100 million of the new museum's construction costs will be covered by a bond; the rest will come through fundraising. And as anyone in the nonprofit business can tell you, it's tough to come by dollars these days.
Multigenerational design, also known as transgenerational design, is an increasingly...
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Its the content, not the version!
My last post about copyright assignment and different versions of a scholarly article set off a small controversy, some of which can be found in the comments to that ppost and some of which took place on other social media venues. Yesterday Richard Poynder posted to the Lib-License list about this discussion, and I felt compelled to respond, since it seems clear this is not an isolated misunderstanding that will fade away.
Here is part of Richard's post, which summarizes the discussion:
Last week, the Scholarly Communications Officer at Duke University in the US, Kevin Smith, published a blog post challenging a widely held assumption amongst OA advocates that when scholars transfer copyright in their papers they transfer only the final version of the article.
This is not true, Smith argued.
If correct, this would seem to have important implications for Green OA, not least because it would mean that publishers have greater control over self-archiving than OA advocates assume.
However Charles Oppenheim, a UK-based copyright specialist, believes that OA advocates are correct in thinking that when an author signs a copyright assignment only the rights in the final version of the paper are transferred, and so authors retain the rights to all earlier versions of their work, certainly under UK and EU law. As such, they are free to post earlier versions of their papers on the Web.
And here is the response that I just sent to the LibLicense list, in which I focus on copyright as protection over expressive content, rather than arbitrary distinctions between different versions of that content:
I had really hoped I could ignore this rather muddled controversy, mostly due to a lack of time to address it. But a tweet from Nancy Sims, of the University of Minnesota, made me realize that my original post used slightly careless language that may contribute to the confusion. So I feel I should set that straight, and respond to the whole business.
I wrote that different versions of an article were derivatives of one another. That is probably a defensible position, but Nancy made the point much clearer — the different versions are still the same work, so subject to a single copyright.
Throughout this discussion, the proponents of the position that copyright is transferred only in a final version really do not make any legal arguments as such, just an assertion of what they wish were the situation (I wish it were too). But here is a legal point — the U.S. copyright law makes the difficulty with this position pretty clearly in section 202 when it states the obvious principle that copyright is distinct from any particular material object that embodies the copyrighted work. So it is simply not true to say that version A has a copyright and version B has a different copyright. The copyright is in the expressive content, not in different versions; if all embody substantially the same expression, they are all the one work, for copyright purposes, because the copyright protects that expressive content. Hence Nancy's perfectly correct remark that the different versions are the same work, from a copyright perspective.
Part of the point I wanted to make in my original post is that this notion of versions is, at least in part, an artificial construction that publishers use to assert control while also giving the appearance of generosity in their licensing back to authors of very limited rights to use earlier versions. The versions are artificially based on steps in the publication permission process (before submission, peer-review, submission, publication), not on anything intrinsic to the work itself that would justify a change in copyright status. If we look at how articles are really composed — usually by composing one file and then editing it repeatedly, it is easy to see how artificial, in the sense of unrelated to content, the distinctions are. How much time must elapse before a revision is a different version? If I do some revisions, then go have a cup of tea before returning to make other revisions, have I created two different "versions" entitled to separate copyright protection? The question is absurd, of course, and shows how unworkable the idea of different copyrights in different versions of the same work would be.
It has been said that no publisher makes the claim I am here suggesting. But if we look at actual copyright transfer agreements it is easy to see that they do. The default policies for Wiley, for example tell authors that they can archive a pre-print and archive a post-print, subject to certain conditions, including rules about the types of repositories that the archiving can take place in and a limitation to non-commercial reuse. If an author transfers rights only in the final version, how can Wiley make restrictions on the use of these earlier versions? The better — indeed the only logical — interpretation is that the copyright that is transferred covers the work as a whole, which is the nature of copyright, and that Wiley then licenses back to authors certain rights to reuse different versions. Those version rights are based on what Wiley wants to allow and to hold on to, not on any legal distinction between the versions. Elsevier's policies are similar — they allow the preprint to be used on any website, the post-print to be self-archived on a scholarly website ONLY if the institution does not have a mandate and with acknowledgement of the publisher, and do not allow any archiving of the final version. Again, all of this is grounded on a claim that a copyright that is inclusive of the different versions, because they are the same work, has been transferred to Elsevier.
Let's imagine what would happen if a dispute ever arose over a use of an earlier version of an article after the copyright had been transferred. A court would be asked to determine if the use of the earlier version was an infringement of the copyright held by the assignee. Courts have a standard for making this determination; it is "substantial similarity." So if the re-used version of the work was substantially similar to the work in which the copyright was assigned — that language is itself bound up in the misunderstanding I am trying to refute — a court would probably find infringement. This has been that case in situations where the works were much more different that two versions of a scholarly article. George Harrison, for example, was found to have infringed the copyright in the song "He's So Fine" when he wrote "My Sweet Lord," even though the court acknowledged that it was probably a case of unconscious borrowing (see Bright Tunes Music v. Harrisongs Music, 420 F. Supp. 177, S.D.N.Y. 1976). And the author of a sequel novel to "Catcher in the Rye" was held to have infringed copyright in Salinger's novel even though they told very different stories, due to similarities in characters and incidents (Salinger v. Colting, 607 F. 3d 68, 2d Cir. 2010). If these very different "versions" of the same work were held to be copyright infringement, how is it possible that two versions of the same scholarly article could have separate and distinct copyrights?
In many ways I wish it were true that each version had a distinct copyright, so that transfer of the rights in one version did not impact reuse of the earlier version. That situation would make academic reuse much easier, and it would conform to a basic sense that most academics have that they still "own" something, even after they assign the copyright. But that position is contrary to the very foundations of copyright law (and not just U.S. law), which vests rights in the content of expression, not in versions that represent artificial points in the process of composition or publication. And much as this mistaken idea may be attractive, it has dangerous consequences; it gives authors a false sense that the consequences of signing a copyright transfer agreement are less draconian than they really are. Instead of plying our faculty with these comforting illusions, we need to help them understand that copyright is a valuable asset that should not be given away without very careful thought, precisely because, once it is given away, all reuse of the expression in the article, regardless of version, is entirely governed by whatever rights, if any, are licensed back to the author in the transfer agreement.
6 Responses to Its the content, not the version!
Chris Cole says:
If I understand your post correctly, trying to parse out pre- vs post-print is to make a distinction with no legal copyright difference.
If the author's intent is to deposit a copy in a repository on their campus or to meet a funder's requirement and deposit to an open access archive, do they accomplish this through a "non-exclusive license" rather than a copyright transfer?
Mike Taylor says:
Remember, authors, you can cut this Gordian knot. If you want to submit your work to a barrier-based journal, simply place it in the public domain before sending it to them — for example, by posting it on arXiv with the CC0 public domain declaration. Then when you reach the point where the publisher asks you to transfer copyright, you can simply and truthfully reply that there is no copyright to transfer. (Publishers already deal with public domain manuscripts all the time, since works created by US Federal Government employees in the course of their work is public domain.)
Charles Oppenheim says:
Mike Taylor is correct; the other alternatives, as I said in my piece, are to refuse to sign any assignment and insist on granting a licence instead; or offering to an OA journal (and not all of them charge for this). As I made clear, in practical terms the ownership of copyright in the draft is useless for the reasons publishers themselves made and which I reported in my piece. However, accepting his argument risks giving publishers a false sense of what they own.
PS I'm still waiting for examples of assignments which include precursors to the final version of the article….
Charles Oppenheim says:
I should have made clear that by "his argument" refers to Kevin and not Mike
Laurence Bebbington says:
In my view the position stated by Charles that an assignment of copyright in the latest version of a work cannot be taken to include transferring rights in the earlier works is wrong both in UK law and US law for the reasons given by Kevin, and indeed Professor Caroll on Richard Poynder's blog.
It is normal to give legal authority for adopting a view on a legal problem, or to reason directly from what the legislation actually says and means. Kevin and Professor Carroll have done so.
In the UK, Metzler & Co (1920) Ltd v Curwen (J.) & Sons Ltd Mac.C.C. 127 is authority for establishing that an assignment of copyright in a later work must generally be taken to include an assignment of the copyright in the preceding works to the extent that they are found in the final work. In referring to Metzler, Copinger and Skone James – the leading practitioner text on UK copyright law states (16th ed. Section 5-93: Separate assignments of derivative works):
"Where the first assignment in time is of the later work, then…prima facie an assignee of the copyright in the later work can maintain an action for infringement against a person using the first work to the extent it can be said to reproduce the later work. This is on the basis that the assignment of the second work must generally be taken to include an assignment of the copyright in the preceding works to the extent that they are found in the final work. Otherwise the assignment would be valueless if confined only to what was new in the final work."
This is basically the position adopted by Kevin and Professor Carroll.
An assignment is a contract. If a publisher is happy to accept a clause in the contract which licenses back to the author the right to use a previous version – then so be it. Under the doctrine of freedom of contract both parties are free to agree to that. But the very fact that this has to be done by means of this back licence merely strengthens the case for saying that the basic position in law is that where the works are basically the same, then an assignment of copyright in the final version will generally operate, as a matter of law, to transfer rights in the earlier ones.
As Kevin points out in this post the current debate "does not necessarily have any significant impact on what we do to enhance and encourage self-archiving on our campuses."
Those who say that different drafts automatically acquire different copyrights which can be treated and disposed of separately need to produce legal authority which challenge Metzler; or (given that it is a fairly old precedent) they need to provide convincing argument as to why Metzler would not be applied today.
[…] Smith replied to assorted responses to the above-mentioned post in "It's the content, not the version!" writing "that different versions of an article were derivatives of one another. That […]
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I am making a cake for a friends retirement party at work Thursday and I want to do a butter cream stencil on the side of the cake. What consistency should the butter cream be and what's the best method for attaching the stencil to the side of the cake before adding the butter cream? Thank you.
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Janice de Belen: Naughty and niceBy Janice de Belen
"I refuse to talk to people who give me unnecessary stress. I hang out only with those I feel like talking to—I was naughty that way this year. But I'm usually nice. To my kids, I'm nice when I take them shopping. I'm naughty when I take their cell phones away [as punishment]."—Marinel R. Cruz


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Greer Steel,
cold rolled strip,
service center addition,
John Raese
CHICAGO Cold-rolled strip producer Greer Steel Co. has expanded its Dover, Ohio, operation to include full service center capabilities, the company said Feb. 27, noting that the expansion will be operational March 1.
The Dover facility will now be able to supply all the products Greer already stocks at its Ferndale, Mich., service center, the company said, including carbon steel strip and stainless products in mill quantities as well as smaller-quantity releases typically associated with original equipment manufacturers just-in-time programs.
The 13,000-square-foot addition features a 20-ton overhead crane and full radiant floor humidity control to support retention of both intermediate processed and finished products.
"Our new capabilities will provide increased value and flexibility to our customers," president and chief executive officer John R. Raese said in a statement. "Having our service center capabilities incorporated within our Dover complex will improve our efficiency and ability to service our customers."
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