text:
Town of Pelham, NH
Pelham Conservation Commission
Minutes – Meeting of May 9, 2001
Members Present: Members Absent:
Robert Yarmo, Chairperson William McDevitt, BOS rep.
Brenda Jensen
Sanjay Kakkad
Ronald Bourque
A meeting of the Pelham Conservation Commission was held on Wednesday, May 9, 2001 at the Pelham Town Hall. The Chairperson, Robert Yarmo, called the meeting to order at 7:30 p.m.
Conservation Subcommittee Report – Groundwater Project
Former Conservation member, Rick Cummings, addressed the Board regarding the $7,000 grant from Department of Environmental Services for survey of town's current environment on groundwater, potential hazards and developing a plan to protect water resources. Mr. Cummings explained that the project had been approved by the Board of Selectmen and presented to the School Board as well as the Planning Board. He added that a future committee should be formed to implement results, headed by a Conservation member. Comprehensive Environment, Inc. (CEI) was hired to complete a report and recommendations. Tyler Phillips of CEI presented results.
Mr. Phillips summarized the report, using a slide presentation. He reviewed what is groundwater and its' relation to soil and bedrock. Mr. Phillips explained Pelham's most important features for groundwater were potable water, baseflow to streams and wetlands, transmissivity and zoning. Areas in Pelham with highest transmissivity are located near main commercial areas and are highly recoverable. Pelham's groundwater is relatively vulnerable due to locations. Contamination does travel rapidly into groundwater. The types of uses and density affect any risk.
Mr. Phillips stated that the priorities for Pelham involved three main factors: potential to contaminate based on use activities, likelihood due to density of use and opportunity for improvement. He noted that recycling junkyards are a potential contaminant source as there is generally a history due to handling of complex products (cars). Hazardous waste contaminants are another potential contaminant source due to volumes and types. Septic systems are another source due to failures and neglect. Public education is important.
The recommendations are to set one long-term goal, set yearly short-term goals and agree on 2 – 3 objectives to obtain yearly goals. These recommendations are meant as a future guide to the committee, which is to be formed. Mr. Phillips stated that a priority might be to identify junkyards, which are not licensed, to improve licensing checklist and to offer ways to improve operations. Regarding hazardous waste materials, an inventory should be developed, mailings sent out and follow up site visits planned. An inspection program for floor drains is important. Press releases for businesses and homeowners are recommended (samples are given in report). A hazardous waste collection day could be scheduled. Seminars could be hosted for the public on maintaining septic systems and using less pesticides and/or fertilizers. Education materials are an effective measure in protecting groundwater. A suggestion was made to connect with NRPC for hazardous waste collection schedules and sites. Homeowners need to understand they might contaminate their own wells. It is recommended that at point of sale for older homes, a septic system inspection be required. Mr. Phillips stated that he would recommend starting with education before moving to regulation.
Recommended strategies would be to start with educating the public; also committee formation to determine strengths and interests and to set reasonable objectives. Funding sources should be pursued such as municipal funds and grants. Materials should be obtained for distribution and speakers contacted. Mr. Phillips indicated that he would be willing to assist the new committee and assist in filing grants, which are generally due in November. Chairperson Bob Yarmo added that volunteers were needed and would be welcomed. The Board discussed updating a conservation website to include information on this report. The Board thanked Mr. Cummings and Mr. Phillips for their work and presentation.
Abbott Bridge, Old Bridge St. No.
Pelham resident Anne Hargreaves addressed the Board regarding the dedication for the Abbott Bridge with historical marker, which would be presented on Memorial Day. Mrs. Hargreaves stated that an easement had been granted by Citizens Bank, owner of adjacent property. She believes it was in 1997 that the bank widened its' driveway and appeared before the Conservation Committee. A stipulation was made at that time to plant trees; four trees were planted by an existing tree. Mrs. Hargreaves stated that there was an approximate 30-foot lawn area from drive to undergrowth by the brook and bridge. Citizens Bank agreed that the historical marker could be placed on its' property with an extension of the easement. It was suggested that a bench be placed by the marker. Driving over the bridge does not allow for a viewing of its' arches. The bank is agreeable to a placement of a bench, which would provide anyone with a clear view. The bench would be placed by the end of the driveway.
Mrs. Hargreaves requested that the Board allow for the undergrowth to be pruned in order that a clear sight line is maintained. She indicated that it could be done once a year with the assistance of the highway department. Mr. Hargreaves will obtain formal easement from Mr. Hamilton of Citizens Bank for the extension of easement to allow for historical marker and bench. She added that state funds had allowed for the restoration of the bridge. The Board unanimously agreed to allow pruning of the undergrowth to maintain a clear line of view to the bridge, as needed. Mrs. Hargreaves thanked the Board.
Chairperson Bob Yarmo asked for clarification of this presentation in terms of a revision to improve wetland crossing as stated on agenda. Jim Gove, of Gove Environmental Services, responded and presented the plans. Mr. Gove explained that the original presentation last year had involved a WCD crossing and bridges. He added that the Lot number was 4-137 and the property in question was Tax Map Lots 13 and 14 on Meadow View Road, off Mammoth Road. Meadow View Road extends from Mammoth Road to Longview Circle and also connects with Holstein Drive. The plan has been reviewed by Planning Board.
Mr. Gove stated that the wetland areas impacted would be two crossings of a seasonal stream, which flows from the north to the south and east. The first crossing is 1,710 square feet and the second is 990 square feet; both crossings have retaining walls to reduce wetland impact. Mr. Gove explained that a minimum impact expedited permit was being sought at this time given the total impact for two wetland crossings of 2,700 square feet. This meets the standard criteria for application, which Jim reviewed.
The Chairperson, Bob Yarmo, asked why this request for dredge and fill was now being made after the original recommendation for two bridges. Jim Gove responded that there were two reasons or concerns; one was economics and the other was a resistance by the Town to place bridges in the development. He agreed with Mr. Yarmo that the bridges would still be the most minimal impact. Mr. Gove explained where state and town jurisdictions fall in relation to bridge concepts and culverts. Bob Yarmo confirmed with Jim Gove that the permit would contain stipulations for when and how the work could be done. Jim explained that he needed the signature of the Chair on the application before he would file it with the state.
The contractor stated that the suggestion to pursue minimal impact came from the Planning Director as an alternative to the cost of bridges. Jim Gove added that the town was concerned about future financial burden of bridges. Ron Bourque asked Jim Gove to reiterate the second concern relating to this permit request. Mr. Gove responded that the initial cost of bridges belonged to the developer but any long-term costs then belonged to the Town. Brenda Jensen noted that the culverts still had to be maintained. Mr. Gove answered that the cost for maintaining and/or replacement would be far less with a culvert than a bridge.
Bob Yarmo stated that the bridges were proposed originally because of the time factor involved with obtaining dredge and fill permits, which at that time were up to about 8 months. He questioned how there could now be criteria in place for the expedited permit. Jim Gove explained that the original plan had been changed during planning process. Two lots and two crossings were eliminated, reducing the area of impact to less than 3,000 feet. He added that an expedited dredge and fill could be obtained in thirty days. The culvert would be 15 inches, which is standard.
Sanjay Kakkad asked what protective measures would be taken to protect the wetland area when culvert was placed. Jim Gove answered that the permit would require orange construction fencing and silt fencing placed for erosion control.
The Board discussed a site walk. Bob Yarmo will contact Mr. Gove to schedule one as soon as possible given the time factors involved. Jim Gove thanked the board and would wait to hear from them on a site walk date and time.
Bob Yarmo explained that the board was being asked by the Planning Director to review this request for a special permit. There was an existing home on the property. The request for special exception would involve installing three culverts to access high and dry land at the rear of the lot along with a possible eventual dredge and fill permit. Three wetland crossings would be created. Mr. Yarmo was not certain of the purpose of the access to the high and dry land. After some discussion, the Board agreed to send a letter to Planning stating that they could not approve these crossings given the lack of information at this time.
Chairperson Bob Yarmo asked that the Board move forward to the election of officers for the Conservation Committee.
A Motion was made by Brenda Jensen to nominate and appoint Bob Yarmo as Chairperson of the Pelham Conservation Committee. Ron Bourque seconded the motion. All were in favor. The motion passes.
A Motion was made by Ron Bourque to nominate and appoint Sanjay Kakkad as Vice-Chairperson of the Pelham Conservation Committee. Bob Yarmo seconded the motion. All were in favor. The motion passes.
A Motion was made by Bob Yarmo to nominate and appoint Brenda Jensen as Secretary of the Pelham Conservation Committee. Ron Bourque seconded the motion. All were in favor. The motion passes.
Bob Yarmo explained that there was an ongoing road salt project, which currently involved himself and former Conservation member Alicia Harshfield. He added that other volunteers were needed and welcomed.
A Motion was made by Brenda Jensen that the Board shall appoint Alicia Harshfield as subcommittee chairperson for the road salt project. Sanjay Kakkad seconded the motion. All were in favor. The motion passes.
Bob Yarmo informed the Board that an invitation by letter had been received from the League of Women Voters in Pelham regarding a Community Profile meeting at the Senior Center on May 14, 2001 at 7 p.m. He asked for a volunteer from the board to attend the meeting. Ron Bourque agreed to attend.
Pelham resident Sean Scanzani briefly addressed the Board to explain that the Community Profile Project was being presented to bring town residents together in an effort to brainstorm the direction of the town for the next five years. The Board thanked Mr. Scanzani for his input.
The Board discussed the approval of minutes from April 11, 2001. Ron Bourque asked for an amendment on page 3, paragraph 1 relating to his question regarding TGP easements. (No motion was made to approve as amended).
The Chairperson stated that he would like to continue in a non-public session with the board for some background and discussion on board related issues. There being no further business to come before the board:
A Motion was made by Brenda Jensen to adjourn the meeting. Sanjay Kakkad seconded the motion. All in favor. The motion passes.
The meeting was adjourned at 10:25 p.m.
Transcribed from videotape by,
Kathleen A. Carr
(Temporary) Recording Secretary


text: Hey, Wow it's been a while since I wrote a real entry and I have some free time right now so...here I am. I just got back from Barnes and Noble I forgot how nice it was in there since the last time I've been in there was like 5th or 6th grade but it was a lot nicer than I remembered. I got The House on Mango Street, Carrie, and Seabiscuit. Ugh I just finished The House on Mango Street and that was no doubt the most idiotic thing I've ever read in my entire life but it probably had some like brilliant hidden message that I didn't get....Anyways this'll be my second attempt to try and read a Stephen King's book cause the last time I tried I don't think I even made it through the first chapter and I couldn't sleep for like 3 days. Yea shut up I was small. I don't really know why I got Seabiscuit...I heard it was good and carrying around two books felt too light. I want to see the movie though. Ok I have to go now since my mom is being a bitch..yea what else is new?P e A c EH a N h*

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Research Topics
Genomes and Genes
Summary: Allosteric enzymes that regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. These enzymes catalyze phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to either fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1 reaction), or to fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-2 reaction).
Top Publications
Scientific Experts
Detail Information
Publications146 found, 100 shown here
- Characterization of glycolytic enzyme interactions with murine erythrocyte membranes in wild-type and membrane protein knockout miceM Estela Campanella
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Blood 112:3900-6. 2008..These data suggest that oxygenation-dependent assembly of GEs on the membrane could be a general phenomenon of mammalian erythrocytes and that stability of these interactions depends primarily on band 3...
- Existence of a true phosphofructokinase in Bacillus sphaericus: cloning and sequencing of the pfk geneAlejandro F Alice
Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:6410-5. 2002..A careful sequence analysis revealed the conservation of different catalytic and regulatory residues, as well as the enzyme's phylogenetic affiliation with the family of allosteric ATP-PFK enzymes...
- Genome-wide association scan shows genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated with obesity-related traitsAngelo Scuteri
Unità Operativa Geriatria, Istituto per la Patologia Endocrina e Metabolica, Rome, Italy
PLoS Genet 3:e115. 2007..These changes could have a significant impact on the risk of obesity-related morbidity in the general population...
- The crystal structure of ATP-bound phosphofructokinase from Trypanosoma brucei reveals conformational transitions different from those of other phosphofructokinasesIain W McNae
Structural Biochemistry Group, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, King s Buildings, Edinburgh, Scotland
J Mol Biol 385:1519-33. 2009..brucei PFK compared with bacterial and mammalian PFKs give optimism for the discovery of species-specific drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by protist parasites of the trypanosomatid family...
- The crystal structures of eukaryotic phosphofructokinases from baker's yeast and rabbit skeletal muscleKatarzyna Banaszak
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
J Mol Biol 407:284-97. 2011..Crystallographic results have been used as the basis for structure-based effector design...
- Construction of an inducible, pfkA and pfkB deficient strain of Escherichia coli for the expression and purification of phosphofructokinase from bacterial sourcesMichelle R Lovingshimer
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 2128, USA
Protein Expr Purif 46:475-82. 2006..In addition to having both pfkA and pfkB deleted, RL257 contains the lacI(q) allele, which allows for inducible expression when coupled with an expression vector containing either the lac or tac promoter...
- Inward rotating spiral waves in glycolysisRonny Straube
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Systems Biology Group, Sandtorstr 1, Magdeburg, Germany
Biophys J 99:L4-6. 2010..Numerical simulations with an allosteric model for the phosphofructokinase can reproduce these inward propagating waves over a wide range of parameters if the octameric structure of yeast phosphofructokinase is taken into account...
- Turing patterns inside cellsDamián E Strier
Service de Chimie Physique and Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
PLoS ONE 2:e1053. 2007..Turing patterns inside cells could provide a check-point that combines mechanical and biochemical information to trigger events during the cell division process...
- Glycolytic oscillations and waves in an open spatial reactor: Impact of feedback regulation of phosphofructokinaseSatenik Bagyan
Institute of Experimental Physic, Group of Biophysics, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Universitatsplatz 2, D 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
Biophys Chem 116:67-76. 2005..The generation of travelling NADH-waves is observed in the diffusive layer, when feeding the yeast extract with substrates. Break-up of circular-shaped waves is repeatedly observed, resulting in the formation of rotating NADH-spirals...
- On the mechanisms of glycolytic oscillations in yeastMads F Madsen
Functional Dynamics Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- The biochemical properties and phylogenies of phosphofructokinases from extremophilesR S Ronimus
Thermophile Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
Extremophiles 5:357-73. 2001..the crenarchaeal pyrophosphate-dependent PFK of Thermoprotetus tenax) and plant pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinases; the PFKB family, exemplified by the minor ATP-dependent PFK activity of Escherichia coli (PFK 2), but ..
- Glycolytic enzyme activities are decreased during acute rejection in transplanted rat heartsE Bañón Maneus
Unitat de Bioquimica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques I, Facultat de Medicina, Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
Transplant Proc 37:4122-3. 2005..These results suggested that metabolic alterations in rejected hearts differ from other cardiomyopathies...
- The chemical form of selenium affects insulinomimetic properties of the trace element: investigations in type II diabetic dbdb miceAndreas S Mueller
Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
J Nutr Biochem 14:637-47. 2003....
- Glycolysis and perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damageRobert C Vannucci
Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
Dev Neurosci 27:185-90. 2005..The major rate-limiting step for glycolysis was the transport of glucose across the blood-brain barrier into the brain...
- Glycolytic sequence and respiration of Debaryomyces hansenii as compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiaeN S Sánchez
Departamento de Genetica Molecular, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito exterior s n, Ciudad Universitaria, D F 04510, Mexico
Yeast 23:361-74. 2006..cerevisiae but not in D. hansenii. D. hansenii shows an alternative oxidase, which in our experiments did not appear to be coupled to the production of ATP...
- Downregulation of diaphragm electron transport chain and glycolytic enzyme gene expression in sepsisLeigh Ann Callahan
Div of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 1120 15th St, Rm BBR 5513, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 3135, USA
J Appl Physiol (1985) 99:1120-6. 2005....
- [An experimental study of the changes of rat hepatocytic glycolysis during hypoxia]Zhengwei Ma
Institute of Burn Research, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P R China
Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 18:238-41. 2002..To investigate the effects of hypoxia on the glycolysis in cultured rat hepatocytes...
- Effect of feeding aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium on glycogen content of tissues and the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolismJagdish Kumari Grover
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
Mol Cell Biochem 241:53-9. 2002..Activity of HK, GK and PFK in diabetic controls was 35,50 and 60% of the controls and PM completely corrected this alteration in PFK and only partly in HK and GK...
- From genome to enzyme: analysis of key glycolytic and oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway enzymes in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803Vicki L Knowles
Department of Biology, Queen s University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada
Plant Cell Physiol 44:758-63. 2003..Immunoblot and kinetic studies indicated that irrespective of nutritional mode, the Synechocystis PK corresponds to a PK-A (AMP activated) rather than PK-F (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate activated)...
- Quantitative elementary mode analysis of metabolic pathways: the example of yeast glycolysisJean Marc Schwartz
Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611 0011, Japan
BMC Bioinformatics 7:186. 2006....
- A model of phosphofructokinase and glycolytic oscillations in the pancreatic beta-cellPål O Westermark
PSCI SANS, Nada, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Biophys J 85:126-39. 2003..The theoretical results presented in this study apply to the study of insulin secretion mechanisms, since glycolytic oscillations have been proposed as a cause of oscillations in the ATP/ADP ratio which is linked to insulin secretion...
- The effects of acclimation to reversed seasonal temperatures on the swimming performance of adult brown trout Salmo truttaN Day
School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
J Exp Biol 208:2683-92. 2005..These data have important implications for the design of experiments using fish that experience predictable, usually seasonal, changes in their natural environment (temperature, dissolved oxygen, changes in water levels, etc.)...
- Analysis of in vivo kinetics of glycolysis in aerobic Saccharomyces cerevisiae by application of glucose and ethanol pulsesDiana Visser
PURAC, P O Box 21, 4200 AA Gorinchem, The Netherlands
Biotechnol Bioeng 88:157-67. 2004..Our results confirm that FBP stimulates pyruvate kinase and suggest that this effect is pronounced. Furthermore, it appears that PEP does not play an important role in the allosteric regulation of phosphofructo kinase...
- Control of glycolysis in mature boar spermatozoa: effect of pH in vitroA R Jones
School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, Discipline of Biochemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Reprod Fertil Dev 16:319-24. 2004..Phosphofructokinase has been shown to be sensitive to this drop in pH rather than to the build up of lactate ions or ATP, thereby controlling the rate of glycolysis in vitro...
- Excess mannose limits the growth of phosphomannose isomerase PMI40 deletion strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeJuha Pekka Pitkänen
MediCel Ltd, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN 00290 Helsinki, Finland
J Biol Chem 279:55737-43. 2004....
- Inhibition of both Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream form and related glycolytic enzymes by a new kolavic acid derivative isolated from Entada abyssinicaB Nyasse
Laboratory of Bio Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
Pharmazie 59:873-5. 2004..The new derivative showed a strong and selective inhibitory activity on the GAPDH enzyme of Trypanosoma brucei with an IC50 value of 0.012 mM...
- Energy metabolism in the granulation tissue of diabetic rats during cutaneous wound healingAsheesh Gupta
Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
Mol Cell Biochem 270:71-7. 2005....
- Sucrose synthase isoforms in cultured tobacco cellsSandra Matic
Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden
Plant Physiol Biochem 42:299-306. 2004..Possible roles of these two isoforms in the sucrose turnover in BY-2 cells are discussed...
- Glucose metabolism in the human preterm and term placenta of IUGR fetusesA L Magnusson
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Perinatal Center, Goteborg University, Medicinaregatan 11, Box 432, S 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden
Placenta 25:337-46. 2004..These results do not support the hypothesis of increased placental glucose consumption but suggest an altered glycolytic pathway in the IUGR placenta...
- Control analysis as a tool to understand the formation of the las operon in Lactococcus lactisBrian Koebmann
Microbial Physiology and Genetics, BioCentrum DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
FEBS J 272:2292-303. 2005..Our analysis suggests that coregulation of PFK and PK provides a very efficient way to regulate glycolysis, and coregulating PK and LDH allows cells to maintain homolactic fermentation during glycolysis regulation...
- Emetine inhibits glycolysis in isolated, perfused rat heartsShujia J Pan
Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Cardiovasc Toxicol 3:311-8. 2003..Homogenate centrifugation studies indicate that emetine acts on bound rather than unbound phosphofructokinase. The inhibition may be uncompetitive in nature...
- Ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves partially attenuates streptozotocin-induced alterations in glycogen content and carbohydrate metabolism in ratsV Vats
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110049, India
J Ethnopharmacol 90:155-60. 2004..OS did not affect glycogen content in any tissue. Activity of HK, GK and PFK in diabetic controls was 35, 50 and 60% of the controls and OS partially corrected this alteration...
- Enzyme-to-enzyme channeling in the early steps of glycolysis in rat pancreatic isletsWilly J Malaisse
Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
Endocrine 24:105-9. 2004....
- Mapping of glycolytic enzyme-binding sites on human erythrocyte band 3Haiyan Chu
Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Biochem J 400:143-51. 2006..Taken together, these results argue that band 3 provides a nucleation site for the GE complex on the human erythrocyte membrane and that other components near band 3 must also participate in organizing the enzyme complex...
- Wavenumber distribution in Hopf-wave instability: the reversible Selkov model of glycolytic oscillationArun K Dutt
Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Du Pont Building, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
J Phys Chem B 109:17679-82. 2005....
- Intracellular glucose and binding of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase to particulate fractions increase under hypoxia in heart of the amazonian armored catfish (Liposarcus pardalis)Jason R Treberg
Department of Biochemistry, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John s, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada
Physiol Biochem Zool 80:542-50. 2007..Such binding may be associated with increased glycolytic flux rates through modulation of enzyme-specific kinetics. The binding of HK and PFK occurs before any significant decrease in glycogen level...
- Differing mechanisms of cold-induced changes in capillary supply in m. tibialis anterior of rats and hamstersDurmus Deveci
Department of Physiology, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
J Exp Biol 205:829-40. 2002..These responses are consistent with the strategies of resisting and accommodating, respectively, an annual fall in environmental temperature...
- The HIF-1 response to simulated ischemia in mouse skeletal muscle cells neither enhances glycolysis nor prevents myotube cell deathNathalie Dehne
Institut fur Physiologie, Universitat Duisburg Essen, Hufelandstr 55, D 45122 Essen, Germany
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293:R1693-701. 2007..In contrast, myoblasts survive ischemia and thus may play an important role during regeneration and HIF-1-induced revascularization...
- Significant increase of glycolytic flux in Torulopsis glabrata by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylationLiming Liu
The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, China
FEMS Yeast Res 6:1117-29. 2006..9967) and the average specific pyruvate production rate (R2=0.965) were closely correlated with the intracellular ATP level, all of them being increased at a lower intracellular ATP level...
- Ventricle-specific metabolic differences in the newborn piglet myocardium in vivo and during arrested global ischemiaDanny Quaglietta
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
Pediatr Res 63:15-9. 2008..This profile may offer one explanation for greater LV-dysfunction relative to the RV in children following ischemia...
- Acute responses in muscle mitochondrial and cytosolic enzyme activities during heavy intermittent exerciseH J Green
Dept of Kinesiology, Univ of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
J Appl Physiol (1985) 104:931-7. 2008....
- Design, synthesis and trypanocidal activity of lead compounds based on inhibitors of parasite glycolysisMatthew W Nowicki
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK
Bioorg Med Chem 16:5050-61. 2008..Trypanocidal activity also showed potency in the low micromolar range and confirms these inhibitors as promising candidates for the development towards the design of anti-trypanosomal drugs...
- Shift in metabolic fuel in acylation-stimulating protein-deficient mice following a high-fat dietChristian Roy
Centre de recherche Hopital Laval, Y 2186, Chemin Ste Foy, QC, Canada
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294:E1051-9. 2008..However, these in vivo data suggest that ASP inhibition could be a potentially viable approach in correcting muscle metabolic dysfunction in obesity...
- Organization of metabolic pathways in vastus lateralis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseHoward J Green
Dept of Kinesiology, Univ of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295:R935-41. 2008..A comparison of enzyme ratios indicated greater potentials for glucose phosphorylation relative to the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain and glycogenolysis and glycolysis relative to beta-oxidation...
- Functional maps of the junctions between interglobular contacts and active sites in glycolytic enzymes -- a comparative analysis of the biochemical and structural dataIvan Y Torshin
Laboratory of Kinetics and Catalysis, Chemical Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Med Sci Monit 8:BR123-35. 2002..Since the conformation of an enzyme determines its catalytic properties, the structural mechanism(s) influencing the activity is of considerable interest...
- Manipulating training intensity and volume in already well-trained rats: effect on skeletal muscle oxidative and glycolytic enzymes and buffering capacityPaul B Laursen
School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Building 19, Room 162, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 32:434-42. 2007..No differences were shown in fast-contracting muscle between HIT and CON...
- Detachment of glycolytic enzymes from cytoskeleton of Lewis lung carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma cells induced by clotrimazole and its correlation to cell viability and morphologyJulia Penso
Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
Mol Genet Metab 76:181-8. 2002....
- Reconstructing the mosaic glycolytic pathway of the anaerobic eukaryote MonocercomonoidesNatalia A Liapounova
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
Eukaryot Cell 5:2138-46. 2006....
- Increased muscle oxidative potential following resistance training induced fibre hypertrophy in young menJason E Tang
Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Metabolism Research Group, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 31:495-501. 2006..We conclude that resistance training provides a stimulus for improving muscle oxidative potential, as reflected by the increased activities of CS and beta-HAD following resistance training induced hypertrophy...
- Conservation of glycolytic oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human pancreatic beta-cells: a study of metabolic robustnessA S Silva
Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brasil
Genet Mol Res 5:525-35. 2006....
- Protective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on hypoxic nerve tissue and its mechanismWanyin Wang
Department of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China 200433
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 16:227-33. 2007..We thus demonstrated that the PO extracts had protective effects on hypoxic nerve tissue...
- O(2)-dependent stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway by S-nitrosocysteine in human erythrocytesFrancesco Misiti
Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore L go F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 294:829-34. 2002..It takes into account the different route of catabolic degradation observed in vitro for GSNO under aerobic and anaerobic condition...
- Different modes of activating phosphofructokinase, a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, in working vertebrate muscleG Wegener
Institut fur Zoologie, Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat, Saarstrasse 21, D 55099 Mainz, Germany
Biochem Soc Trans 30:264-70. 2002..Whether this phenomenon exists in vertebrates other than the frog, and maybe even in humans, and how the content of F2,6P(2)in muscle is controlled are intriguing open questions...
- Suspected utility of enzymes with multiple activities in the small genome Mycoplasma species: the replacement of the missing "household" nucleoside diphosphate kinase gene and activity by glycolytic kinasesJ Dennis Pollack
Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
OMICS 6:247-58. 2002..capricolum Kid(T) that their 6-phosphofructokinases (6-PFKs), phosphoglycerate kinases (PGKs), pyruvate kinases (PKs), and acetate kinases (AKs), besides ..
- Entamoeba histolytica: computer-assisted modeling of phosphofructokinase for the prediction of broad-spectrum antiparasitic agentsC L Byington
Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
Exp Parasitol 87:194-202. 1997..The enzyme differs significantly from ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases found in humans and as such represents an important drug target...
- Cloning, sequencing, and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene coding for phosphofructokinase in Lactobacillus bulgaricusP Branny
Laboratoire d Enzymologie du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif sur Yvette, France
J Bacteriol 175:5344-9. 1993..The amino acid sequence of this enzyme was homologous to those of the ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases from E...
- Crystal structure of the ADP-dependent glucokinase from Pyrococcus horikoshii at 2.0-A resolution: a large conformational change in ADP-dependent glucokinaseHideaki Tsuge
Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro cho, Japan
Protein Sci 11:2456-63. 2002..Those are ADP-dependent glucokinases (ADPGK) and phosphofructokinases in their glycolytic pathway. Here, we succeeded in gene cloning the ADPGK from P...
- ADP-dependent phosphofructokinases in mesophilic and thermophilic methanogenic archaeaC H Verhees
Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
J Bacteriol 183:7145-53. 2001..Interestingly, uncharacterized homologs of this unusual kinase are present in several eucarya...
- The structure of the ATP-bound state of S. cerevisiae phosphofructokinase determined by cryo-electron microscopyMONTSERRAT BARCENA
University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
J Struct Biol 159:135-43. 2007..Eukaryotic phosphofructokinases exhibit a far more sophisticated regulatory mechanism, they are more complex structures regulated by a ..
- Effect of ethylene treatment on the concentration of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and on the activity of phosphofructokinase 2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase in bananaE Mertens
Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
Eur J Biochem 167:579-83. 1987..enzyme, but also by an early increase in the concentration of fructose 6-phosphate, the substrate of all phosphofructokinases, and also by the decrease in the concentration of glycerate 3-phosphate, a potent inhibitor of ..
- Evidence for a catalytic Mg2+ ion and effect of phosphate on the activity of Escherichia coli phosphofructokinase-2: regulatory properties of a ribokinase family memberRafael E Parducci
Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
Biochemistry 45:9291-9. 2006..Inorganic phosphate, typically considered an activator of adenosine kinases, ribokinases, and phosphofructokinases (nonhomologous to Pfk-2) acted as an inhibitor of wild-type and E190Q mutant Pfk-2...
- Molecular and biochemical characterization of the ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosusJ E Tuininga
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Wageningen Agricultural University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
J Biol Chem 274:21023-8. 1999..the reverse reaction, nor was it regulated by any of the known allosteric modulators of ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases. ATP and AMP were identified as competitive inhibitors of the phosphofructokinase, raising the K(m) for ADP ..
- Structures of S. pombe phosphofructokinase in the F6P-bound and ATP-bound statesShaun Benjamin
University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
J Struct Biol 159:498-506. 2007..pombe subunit, the oligomeric organization of subunits in this enzyme is different from other yeast phosphofructokinases. Electron microscopy studies were carried out to reveal the quaternary structure of the homo-octameric Pfk1 ..
- A novel form of 6-phosphofructokinase. Identification and functional relevance of a third type of subunit in Pichia pastorisKatrin Tanneberger
Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
J Biol Chem 282:23687-97. 2007Classically, 6-phosphofructokinases are homo- and hetero-oligomeric enzymes consisting of alpha subunits and alpha/beta subunits, respectively...
- Glucose catabolism of Escherichia coli strains with increased activity and altered regulation of key glycolytic enzymesM Emmerling
Institute of Biotechnology, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Switzerland
Metab Eng 1:117-27. 1999..Homologous and heterologous pyruvate kinases (Pyk) and phosphofructokinases (Pfk) were individually and simultaneously overexpressed. Overexpression of the E...
- 6-phosphofructokinase from Pichia pastoris: purification, kinetic and molecular characterization of the enzymeJürgen Kirchberger
Institut fur Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 16, D 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Yeast 19:933-47. 2002..structural organisation of the active enzyme seems to be different in comparison with hetero-octameric 6-phosphofructokinases from other yeast species...
- Purification and properties of the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from Dictyoglomus thermophilum Rt46 B.1Y H Ding
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
Extremophiles 3:131-7. 1999..The enzyme was not allosterically controlled by traditional modulators of phosphofructokinases and has significant activity with tripolyphosphate and polyphosphate...
- Purification and characterization of an ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase from Thermococcus zilligiiR S Ronimus
Thermophile Research Unit, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
Extremophiles 3:121-9. 1999..56mM (apparent Vmax of 2.9Umg(-1) and 12.5mM, respectively. The biochemical characteristics of this unique ADP-dependent enzymatic activity are compared to ATP and pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinases.
- Sequence similarities between the gene specifying 1-phosphofructokinase (fruK), genes specifying other kinases in Escherichia coli K12, and lacC of Staphylococcus aureusL M Orchard
Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, U K
Proc Biol Sci 242:87-90. 1990..coli (pfkA) and the 6-phosphofructokinases present in a number of pro- and eukaryotic organisms, but there is 27%, 25% and 22% identify of sequence ..
- Identification of the pdxK gene that encodes pyridoxine (vitamin B6) kinase in Escherichia coli K-12Y Yang
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Houston Medical School 77030 1501, USA
FEMS Microbiol Lett 141:89-95. 1996..acid sequence of PdxK has signature motifs of the PfkB superfamily of carbohydrate kinases, which includes phosphofructokinases and ribokinases, and suggests that three unidentified ORFs of Salmonella typhimurium, Haemophilus ..
- Sequencing, high-level expression and phylogeny of the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from the thermophilic spirochete Spirochaeta thermophilaR Ronimus
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
Arch Microbiol 175:308-12. 2001..Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the thermophilic S. thermophila phosphofructokinase and the large beta-subunits of the phosphofructokinases from Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum.
- NAD kinases use substrate-assisted catalysis for specific recognition of NADGuillaume Poncet-Montange
Atelier de Bio et Chimie Informatique Structurale, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, UMR 5048 CNRS, Universites Montpellier 1 et 2, 29 rue de Navacelles, Montpellier, France
J Biol Chem 282:33925-34. 2007..and directed mutagenesis have previously shown that NAD kinases (NADKs) and the distantly related 6-phosphofructokinases share the same catalytically important GGDGT motif...
- Diacylglyceride kinases, sphingosine kinases and NAD kinases: distant relatives of 6-phosphofructokinasesGilles Labesse
Centre de Biochimie Structurale, INSERM U554 CNRS UMR5048, Universite Montpellier I, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
Trends Biochem Sci 27:273-5. 2002Diacylglyceride kinases, sphingosine kinases, NAD kinases and 6-phosphofructokinases are thought to be related despite large evolution of their sequences...
- Purification, microsequencing and cloning of spinach ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase link sequence and function for the plant enzymeChristian Winkler
Institute of Botany III, University of Dusseldorf, Germany
FEBS J 274:429-38. 2007..that a large family of genomics-derived higher plant sequences currently annotated in the databases as putative pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinases according to sequence similarity is misannotated with respect to the cosubstrate.
- Copper effects on key metabolic enzymes and mitochondrial membrane potential in gills of the estuarine crab Neohelice granulata at different salinitiesMariana Machado Lauer
Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande FURG, Av Itália km 8, 96 203 900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 156:140-7. 2012..Although N. granulata is very tolerant to copper, acute exposure to this metal can disrupt the energy balance by affecting biochemical systems involved in carbohydrate metabolism...
- Nucleotide sequence and high-level expression of the major Escherichia coli phosphofructokinaseH W Hellinga
Eur J Biochem 149:363-73. 1985..Comparison of the amino acid sequence with other phosphofructokinases showed that this enzyme is related to the Bacillus stearothermophilus and rabbit muscle enzymes, but is ..
- Metformin reverses hexokinase and phosphofructokinase downregulation and intracellular distribution in the heart of diabetic miceDaniel Da Silva
Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo LabECoM, Faculdade de Farmacia, UFRJ, Brazil
IUBMB Life 64:766-74. 2012..Altogether, our results support evidences that metformin alter the intracellular localization of HK and PFK augmenting glucose utilization by diabetic hearts and, thus, conferring cardiac protection to diabetic subjects...
- Sodium bicarbonate treatment during transient or sustained lactic acidemia in normoxic and normotensive ratsFranco Valenza
Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione e Terapia del Dolore, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
PLoS ONE 7:e46035. 2012..We set up an experimental model of lactic acid infusion in normoxic and normotensive rats to investigate the systemic effects of lactic acidemia per se without the confounding factor of an underlying organic cause of acidosis...
- Modulation of phosphofructokinase (PFK) from Setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite, by different effectors and its interaction with some antifilarialsBechan Sharma
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India
Parasit Vectors 4:227. 2011..In view of these facts, PFK from Setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite having similarity with that of human filarial worms, was isolated, purified and characterized...
- The las enzymes control pyruvate metabolism in Lactococcus lactis during growth on maltoseChristian Solem
Systems Microbiology, BioCentrum DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Building 301, DK 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
J Bacteriol 189:6727-30. 2007..An increase in phosphofructokinase or lactate dehydrogenase expression shifted the fermentation towards homolactic fermentation, and with a high level of expression of the las operon the fermentation was homolactic...
- Muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency with neonatal seizures and nonprogressive courseZuhair N Al-Hassnan
Department of Medical Genetics, MBC 75, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
J Child Neurol 22:106-8. 2007..The authors propose that this form of glycogen storage disease be considered in the differential diagnosis of neonatal seizures and early infantile nonprogressive muscle weakness...
- Loss of positive allosteric interactions between neuronal nitric oxide synthase and phosphofructokinase contributes to defects in glycolysis and increased fatigability in muscular dystrophyMichelle Wehling-Henricks
Department of Physiological Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 1606, USA
Hum Mol Genet 18:3439-51. 2009..Collectively, these findings indicate that defects in glycolytic metabolism and increased fatigability in dystrophic muscle may be caused in part by the loss of positive allosteric interactions between nNOS and PFK...
- Altered glucose homeostasis in response to aluminium phosphide induced cellular oxygen deficit in ratRaina Dua
Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
Indian J Exp Biol 48:722-30. 2010..However, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased significantly in both the tissues...
- Neonatal exposure to oxidants induces later in life a metabolic response associated to a phenotype of energy deficiency in an animal model of total parenteral nutritionNiina Kleiber
Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine, University of Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Pediatr Res 68:188-92. 2010..In conclusion, neonatal exposure to oxidant molecules such as peroxides has important consequences later in life on lipid and glucose metabolism leading to a phenotype of energy deficiency...
- A polymerase chain reaction-based method for cloning novel members of a gene family using a combination of degenerate and inhibitory primersSumiko Kunihiro
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1 1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8566, Japan
Gene 289:177-84. 2002....
- Muscle fiber population and biochemical properties of whole body muscles in Thoroughbred horsesMinako Kawai
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 292:1663-9. 2009..The muscle fiber properties in this study combined with the recruitment data would provide fundamental information for physiological and pathological studies in Thoroughbred horses...
- Characterisation of the ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase gene family from Arabidopsis thalianaAngelika Mustroph
Humboldt University Berlin, Institute of Biology, AG Plant Physiology, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
FEBS Lett 581:2401-10. 2007Plants possess two different types of phosphofructokinases, an ATP-dependent (PFK) and a pyrophosphate-dependent form (PFP)...
- Metabolic fluxes in the central carbon metabolism of Dinoroseobacter shibae and Phaeobacter gallaeciensis, two members of the marine Roseobacter cladeTobias Fürch
Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Gaussstrasse 17, D 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
BMC Microbiol 9:209. 2009..Based on information from recently sequenced genomes, a rich repertoire of pathways has been identified in the carbon core metabolism of these organisms, but little is known about the actual contribution of the various reactions in vivo...
- The isochronal fibration: characterization and implication in biologyHedi Ben Amor
Laboratoire TIMC IMAG, Techniques de l Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier CNRS UMR 5525, Domaine de la Merci, 38700 La Tronche, France
Acta Biotheor 58:121-42. 2010..The empirical approach seems us useful for dealing with the isochronal fibration which could constitute a powerful tool for understanding and controlling the dynamics of biological or biological-inspired systems...
- Sequence, expression, and characterization of the first archaeal ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, a non-allosteric enzyme related to the phosphofructokinase-B sugar kinase family, from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeote Aeropyrum pernixT Hansen
, , Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
Arch Microbiol 177:62-9. 2001..In accordance, this archaeal ATP-PFK did not contain the typical conserved binding sites for these effectors. This is the first report of a sequence of an archaeal ATP-PFK related to the PFK-B sugar kinase family...
- Trigonellafoenum graecum (fenugreek) seed powder improves glucose homeostasis in alloxan diabetic rat tissues by reversing the altered glycolytic, gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymesJ Raju
Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Mol Cell Biochem 224:45-51. 2001..These biochemical effects exerted by Trigonella seeds make it a possible new therapeutic in type-1 diabetes...
- The role of Glu187 in the regulation of phosphofructokinase by phosphoenolpyruvateI Auzat
Laboratoire d Enzymologie du CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France
J Mol Biol 235:68-72. 1994In bacterial phosphofructokinases, either a glutamic or an aspartic residue is present at position 187, and the mechanism of inhibition by phosphoenolpyruvate seems to be correlated to the nature of residue 187...
- Non-replication of genome-wide based associations between common variants in INSIG2 and PFKP and obesity in studies of 18,014 DanesCamilla H Andreasen
Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
PLoS ONE 3:e2872. 2008..We focused on physical activity as an environmental risk factor, and on the GWA identified obesity variants in FTO (rs9939609) and near MC4R (rs17782313) as genetic risk factors...
- The comparative metabolism of the mollicutes (Mycoplasmas): the utility for taxonomic classification and the relationship of putative gene annotation and phylogeny to enzymatic function in the smallest free-living cellsJ D Pollack
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
Crit Rev Microbiol 23:269-354. 1997..Reaction sequences or loci of particular importance are also described: phosphofructokinases, NADH oxidase, thioredoxin complex, deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase, and lactate, malate, and glutamate ..
- Crystallographic structure of phosphofructokinase-2 from Escherichia coli in complex with two ATP molecules. Implications for substrate inhibitionRicardo Cabrera
Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
J Mol Biol 383:588-602. 2008..This structure also provides the grounds to compare analogous features of the nonhomologous phosphofructokinases from E. coli.
- Identification of two down-regulated genes in entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora infective juveniles upon contact with insect hemolymphXiaodong Bai
Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University OARDC, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
Mol Biochem Parasitol 156:162-6. 2007..This first report of H. bacteriophora differential gene expression provides a glimpse at the gene expression profile of H. bacteriophora IJ recovery process...
- Preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome: impaired mitochondrial function in umbilical endothelial cellsSabine Illsinger
Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Reprod Sci 17:219-26. 2010..Impaired mitochondrial function in HUVEC is associated with PE/HELLP syndrome and may be involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases...
- Protein-induced inactivation and phosphorylation of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinaseZ Z Zhao
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
Biochemistry 30:2204-16. 1991..Liver and yeast phosphofructokinases shows little activity loss in the presence of either calmodulin or troponin C...
- Subunit interactions and composition of the fructose 6-phosphate catalytic site and the fructose 2,6-bisphosphate allosteric site of mammalian phosphofructokinaseCristina Ferreras
Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
J Biol Chem 284:9124-31. 2009....
- Cross-species analysis of the glycolytic pathway by comparison of molecular interaction fieldsMatthias Stein
EML Research gGmbH, Molecular and Cellular Modelling, Schloss Wolfsbrunnenweg 33, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
Mol Biosyst 6:152-64. 2010..properties of the mosquito glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and the functional annotation of ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases and cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutases from plants...
- Clotrimazole inhibits and modulates heterologous association of the key glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructo-1-kinasePatricia Zancan
Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Departamento de Fármacos, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Biochem Pharmacol 73:1520-7. 2007..Altogether, our data support a hitherto unrecognized action of clotrimazole as a negative modulator of glycolytic flux through direct inhibition of the key enzyme PFK...


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|Enquire not what boils in another's pot.
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|Entangled in a hundred worldly snares, Self-seeking men, by ignorance deluded, Strive by unrighteous means to pile up riches. Then, in their self-complacency, they say, ?This acquisition I have made to-day, That will I gain to-morrow, so much pelf Is hoarded up already, so much more Remains that I have yet to treasure up. This enemy I have destroyed, him also, And others in their turn, I will despatch. I am a lord; I will enjoy myself; I?m wealthy, noble, strong, successful, happy; I?m absolutely perfect; no one else In all the world can be compared to me. Now will I offer up a sacrifice, Give gifts with lavish hand, and be triumphant.? Such men, befooled by endless vain conceits, Caught in the meshes of the world?s illusion, Immersed in sensuality, descend Down to the foulest hell of unclean spirits.*
– Mahabharata
|Enter any 11-digit prime number to continue...
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|Enthusiasm is that kindling spark which marks the difference between the leaders in every activity and the laggards who put in just enough to "get by."
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– Arthur Balfour
|Enthusiasm...the sustaining power of all great action.
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|Enthusiasms, like stimulants, are often affected by people with small mental ballast.
– Minna Antrim
|Enthusiastic partisans of the idea of progress are in danger of failing to recognize... the immense riches accumulated by the human race. By underrating the achievements of the past, they devalue all those which still remain to be accomplished.
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– Feltham
|Envy is ignorance, imitation is suicide.
– Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self Reliance
|Envy is the consuming desire to have everybody else as unsuccessful as you are.
– Frederick Buechner, Wishful Thinking, 1973
|Envy is the ulcer of the soul.
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Hendricks just can't accept the fact that he lost. Close fight but he needs a better argument than GSPs face. Possibly the most ignorant justification he could throw out there. I hope Lawler gets a KO better than Hendo v Bisping.
Hendricks just can't accept the fact that he lost. Close fight but he needs a better argument than GSPs face. Possibly the most ignorant justification he could throw out there. I hope Lawler gets a KO better than Hendo v Bisping.
He beat the shit out of GSP, and not just his face, or with just his fists. He beat on his skull, his body, and hammered his thighs away with punches, kicks, and knees. He also beat GSP mentally by far by being the better wrestler and the harder, stronger man. That was evident. Hendricks was the better fighter that night, imo.
I can't wait for this fight to happen because even though I love Robbie Lawler, I want the gold to be where it should be right now, and that's around Hendricks' waist, boys.
In the end, the only prize a fighter keeps is you. I only ask that you continue supporting all athletes. Keep supporting them, because in the end your applause is the only thing that remains. The rest is only an illusion. - Wanderlei to fans
Robbie Lawler evolving and thriving in his second UFC stint
"Robbie was such a talent to where he didn't really trust a lot of other people," Lawler's coach, Matt Pena, told USA TODAY Sports. "Now, we just tell him what to do and he does it. Before, he was always a little critical of what he was going to do and why he was going to do it."
After bouncing around gyms and transferring to the UFC from the now-defunct Strikeforce promotion as a 3-5 middleweight, Lawler (22-9 MMA, 7-3 UFC) is lighter and has won three in a row as a welterweight, with knockouts in two of the fights.
Saturday, the veteran gets his biggest chance yet to realize his potential when he meets Johny Hendricks (15-2 MMA, 10-2 UFC) for the welterweight belt in the headliner of UFC 171 at American Airlines Center in Dallas, which airs live on pay-per-view (10 p.m. ET).
The southpaws will compete for a title left vacant when Georges St-Pierre stepped away from the sport this year.
To Pena and Lawler's longtime manager, Monte Cox, it's no accident the fighter is on a roll after finding stability at Florida's famed American Top Team. They say Lawler, 31, no longer takes for granted the abilities that brought him to the UFC as a talented 20-year-old knockout artist.
"He's never let the fame or notoriety get to his head," Pena says. "He's the type of guy that as soon as the fight's over, he's back in the gym. He's not letting his body blow out of proportion. He's just a complete professional."
Lawler's innate punching power, which sounded like gunshots and brought curious onlookers, according to a chronicle of his former team, is now balanced. There's a focus on his craft that includes submissions, wrestling and a sparring schedule that keeps miles off his body.
"All of a sudden, you've still got that knockout power," Cox says. "He's sparring, so he's finding more openings and creating more openings, and his wrestling and jiu-jitsu have come up a couple of notches to support the striking. You improve a couple of areas of his game, and all of a sudden he's become the complete package."
Paradoxically, it's those broader skills that make Lawler more capable of landing his concussive left hand, Pena said. and Lawler is always looking for the knockout.
"Now, there's tons of athletes, and a handful of guys really have that mean streak, that are real fighters," Cox says. "A lot of folks are here for the fame and the money now. Rob is a throwback."
Goddamn im so pumped for this fight. I really wanna see Lawler peak his career with a ufc title.
Imma Hendricks fan and think he should've got the nod in the gsp fight but he's not fighting a point fighter now. Just as fast as he can put someone's lights out, so can Lawler.
Robbie definitely has a chance against Hendricks but it largely depends on what Hendricks's gameplan is. It's safe to say that Hendricks is the better grappler and will likely determine where the bout takes place. If he strikes using a low risk strategy, spends plenty of time wearing on Lawler and beating him up on the fence, he can transition to takedowns and ride out a comfortable decision or late TKO stoppage. I know he's a finisher, but this is a title fight and he does NOT want to be 0 and 2.
Having said that, if Robbie can avoid being backed up and make it a kickboxing match then he absolutely had the tools to beat Hendricks. Hendricks will be comfortable striking, and will absolutely believe in his chin and his power. It's not like he will panic if he has more difficulty than he expected in taking Lawler down. This has the potential to play into Lawler's hands a little bit.
Hendricks's nuclear tipped left hand gets its power by him launching his entire body weight into it. It generates vicious impact but he's really exposed, chin swinging in the breeze, and often off-balance. He's gotten away with it thus far in his career because of its fearsome reputation. His opponents generally either see it coming and get the hell out of the way or eat it and nap. No one has really attempted to slip it and punish him while he's exposed.
Robbie has a tailor made counter for Hendricks that he has used successfully before: the outside slip to lead uppercut. He used it against Matt Lindland as the first punch in the 3-punch combo that dropped him before finishing him with a Flying R-Bomb. If he can catch Hendricks as he's launching himself he can walk him straight into a nasty uppercut that he won't see coming. He'll also have a dominant outside angle on Hendricks and can tee off while Hendricks has to turn and face him.
Looking at these guys respective skillsets it's probably Hendricks's fight to lose. But Lawler is no ones gimme.
I think we might be overlooking Lawlers defensive wrestling. Going by what we've seen I think Hendricks is the better grappler but I think Lawler might surprise us with even more improvement with his grappling like Gus stuffing Jones tds and getting his own tds. Just imagine if Robbie goes out there and actually shows he get tds of his own too.
Hendricks can't be as careless as in the gsp fight cuz Lawler is gonna let it all go on Saturday.
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text:
A boastful Rex (along with Noah) finds himself at
the Providence Training Academy with the challenge to survive a
week. It ends up being much tougher than he expected. While he
still has his powers, they prove to be little help. If not for
the friendly competition between Rex and Noah (who does
surprisingly well here), Rex would have easily washed
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Butch Jones described Sunday night's opener against Utah State as a journey into the unknown with his young football team. A situation where they will face an experienced football team in Utah State, with a high-powered offense fueled by quarterback Chuckie Keeton.
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An Opener Of Unknowns
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7. How to Fix a Flat Tire
How to use a patch kit to repair a tube. Also demonstrates how to remove and install a tire.
How to use a patch kit to repair a tube. Also demonstrates how to remove and install a tire.
Fixing a flat tire is one of the most common bicycle repairs. I personally recommend replacing a tube when you get a leak, but that is not always possible. If done properly, a patch will work just fine. Here's how it's done.
For this tutorial you'll need a patch kit, a set of tire levers, and an air pump. Your patch kit should contain a few different patch sizes, sandpaper or a metal scraper, and a tube of glue.
With the wheel removed from your bike, inspect the outer surface of the tire to make sure there are no sharp objects like a thumb-tack or thorn stuck in the tread.
Remove the valve cap and fully deflate the tube by depressing the valve stem with the hooked end of your tire lever. There are two main types of valve stems, a schrader valve and a presta valve. This tutorial is based on a schrader valve, but I will be covering the different valve types in another tutorial.
Now it's time to remove your tire, one side at a time. Choose a section of tire that is away from the valve and hook one of the tire levers under the bead, directly in line with one of your spokes. Pry one side of the tire bead over the edge of the rim, and then hook the end of the tire lever to the nearest spoke. Insert another tire lever two spokes away from the first, and a third another two spokes away. Now the middle lever should fall out, and you can continue the process. When the tire is loose enough you can just run a tire lever around the rest of the rim to pull the whole side over.
After you have removed one side of the tire, the other side should come off very easily.
Now remove the tube from the tire, and try to keep track of where it was positioned in relation to the tire. Inflate the tube to approximately twice its original size. This will expand the hole making it easier to find.
Listen carefully to the entire circumference of the tube; you should hear a hissing sound that will indicate where the leak is. As a last resort you can submerge the tube in water and watch for bubbles, but you'll want to avoid doing this as you'll need the tube to be completely dry in order for the patch glue to work.
Once you've found the leak, take note of whether it is on the inner or outer side of the tube.
If the hole was on the outer side of the tube, inspect the inner surface of the tire in that spot to make sure the object that caused the puncture is not still stuck in the tire. Double check the entire inner side of the tire by running your fingers along the entire surface, feeling for obstacles along the way.
If the hole was on the inner side of the tube, inspect your entire rim to make sure there are no sharp burrs in the metal, and that the rim tape is properly protecting the tube from your spoke ends.
Now that the rim and tire are clear, it's time to patch the tube. Select an appropriate sized patch for the hole. Use the sandpaper or scraper provided in your kit to buff the surface of the tube for an area a bit larger than the patch. You need to buff the tube so that it is no longer shiny. If the molding line is running along the area where the patch is to be applied, you must sand it down completely, or it will provide an air channel. Once buffed, avoid touching that area with your fingers.
Apply a dab of rubber cement, and then spread it into a thin coat, using your cleanest finger. Work quickly. You want a thin, smooth coat of cement; if you keep fiddling with it as it begins to dry, you'll risk making it lumpy. The thinner the cement, the faster it will dry. It is very important to allow the cement to dry completely.
Peel the foil from the patch and press the patch onto the tube firmly, squeezing the patch tightly onto the tube.
Now inflate the tube so it is round and place it evenly into the tire. The first bead of the tire should fit easily onto the rim. Make sure you line up the valve stem with the rim's valve hole.
Carefully fit the valve through the hole and place the cap on to keep it from falling out again.
The outer bead is harder to install, although most tires can be re-installed by hand. Staring at the valve, work the bead onto the rim using both of your thumbs.
You should never use tools to install the tire, but very tight tires may need some help. Kool Stop makes a great tool called a bead jack, which helps to pull the tire bead over the rim.
Once the tire is seated, inspect the outer edge on both sides to make sure it sits evenly all the way around, and push the valve down into the tire to make sure it didn't get caught between the tire bead and rim.
Inflate the tire to the recommended pressure, which should be written on the side. Make sure to inspect the tire a few times while you are inflating, to make sure the tire remains seated properly and doesn't start to bulge anywhere.
Once the tire is fully inflated, install the valve cap and put the wheel back on your bike.
I'm plagued at the moment by tubes which keep bursting on the side closest to the rim. There doesn't seem to be anything obvious which is doing this such as spoke heads sticking out through rim tape, grit, thorns or other stuff stuck to the rim. I inflate tubes to the max recommended pressure (65 psi) and this hasn't happened too often before, so the chances are that the tubes are bad quality (even though they are weighty and not cheap).
I've found that patching holes on the inner side of a tube doesn't work too often because the tube has to stretch and deform as it pushes into t... Read more >>
Hello guys
I understand cheaper regular tyres are made with a steel wire bead. But are all folding tyres made of Kevlar bead? I have just purchased a set of tyres as per attached photo and wanted to know if the bead is Kevlar. Can anybody please help?
Thanks... Read more >>
Earlier this year I replaced tires on both vintage bikes, due to dry rot... Age (30+ Years).....
I didn't think anything about the procedure, and did the following on first time inflation (I have an air compressor in garage):
Put about 20 Pounds of air in, then bleed it out.... Then do 30, and bleed...
Then 45, and bleed...... then went to 70....
I used to do the same (at lower pressures) for motorcycles.. I was told this prevents the inner tube from twisting and pinching in the tires.
Is this acceptable for bicycles, too? Or is ther... Read more >>
My rear tire went flat overnight and when I inflated it in the morning, a bulge formed (see photos). I removed the tire and found a slightly worn spot about the size of a dime on the inside of the tire where the bulge was. I couldn't find any debris in the tire. The tube itself is not worn in that spot.
I remounted the tire twice and the bulge formed in the same place each time. I tried inserting a folded dollar bill, but it didn't help.
The tire is about 2 years old, but hasn't had much use (just occasional city riding). The tube is about a week old.
Ha... Read more >>
Hey Guys,
Noticed this today... trying to figure out what I ran over to do this?
Can I still ride?...
Anything to do to repair?...
or is it replacement time?
Thanks!... Read more >>
The current Continental tire and tube chart has two columns designated ca. and PU. What do these designations mean?... Read more >>
Hi all,
Please forgive me if this has been covered somewhere on this site, if it has, I can't find it.
I have 26 x 1.50 rims with 26 x 1.75 tires
needed two new inner tubes.
The bike shop sells me a 26 x 1.50/1.75 with Schrader valve and a 26 x 1.9/2.125 also with Schrader valve.
They didn't have anymore of the 1.50/1.75 with Schrader valve and said the 1.9/2.125 would fit especially since it's a mountain/city bike.
The problem is that the 26 x 1.9/2.2.125 is too "big" for the wheel.
The width seems OK but when I put the tube on the rim t... Read more >>
Firstly, you are dealing with a dummy here. OK? I have just started cycling again and have 700c x 45 tyres. I'm doing distance charity rides and I'm getting conflicting advice. Some say yes, 45 is fine, a good comfortable ride. Others say, you must be crazy cycling with tyres that wide. They say that the drag, especially on hills, will kill me! Who's right please? Wide or narrow, that is the question?
Supplementary question. If the view is go narrow, do I need new wheels or a new bike? Money is definitely an issue here. I'm not in the big, or even large, budget range.
Thanks[/size&... Read more >>
I recently bought a road bike, and on my first ride, the tube on my rear wheel unfortunately got punctured. I used a cement patch kit and the tube seems to inflate well, but whenever i put it back in the wheel and start riding, the tire goes flat again. I'll take the tube out of the wheel again, but the tube seems to work perfectly. Also, when I do inflate the tire and spin the wheel, it is a bit uneven, not side to side, but up and down. My rim and tire seem perfectly fine though. Any suggestions on how to fix the problem, or what's wrong?
Thanks!... Read more >>
I've got an old road bike with 27" wheels and 27 1 1/4 (32 x 630) tyres. I just ordered some spare inner tubes online and found out that 700 28-35c should be appropriate for my bike. They have sent me 700 25-28c tubes instead though, claiming that they should still fit, as they cover all tyres from 25-38c (instead of 28, as it says on the label), which is a much broader range than the one they'd originally listed.
I've been trying to find out for quite some time now if these tubes should indeed be fine, so if anyone here has any idea about their suitability that w... Read more >>
This post may not be clear without pictures, but I'll continue...
Today I rode my bike and my valve stem on my rear tire was crooked. I went to a local gas station that has a free air compressor. I tried to move the tire back into position so the stem would be straight. No go.
I ended up taking the tire off and the tube out and putting the tube back in and re-mounting the tire. When I inflate the tube, I noticed little "cracks" in t... Read more >>
Went tubeless on the Lefty last night. seems to be working and holding air but I have a slight wobble that I don't think was there before. Should I let the air out and try to reseat the tire or what. Seems to be seated ok.
Bill... Read more >>
I'm having trouble inflating the tire on my Dutch bike (I now live in the UK, no longer NL, by the way). It's got what I'm pretty sure is a spring-loaded or one-way Dunlop valve. As you can imagine since the valve is on my desk, the tube is now deflated.
The problem, I think, is that I can't get the valve to open. I'm using a reasonably potent two-cylinder pedal pump, but I can't seem to force air through the valve. When everything is seated properly to pump the tire, if I contort myself to hold the nozzle of the pump as tightly against the adap... Read more >>
While removing the pump head after pumping, the presta valve got broken. I then reinserted the pump to check whether it can sill be pumped, and all of a sudden the remaining needle is lost ( might have gone inside the tube). Is there any way to fix it without changing the whole tube?
And if I need to change the tube, then what would be the tube size? My bike is Giant OCR3 2009 model.
... Read more >>
When I was younger, I only had a bike till I was25. I am trying to get back into biking again. I bought a vilano performance hybrid roadbike and it came with 700 x 28c tires with presta valves. Now, its been a long time, but what was wrong with schreider valves ? Anyway, I know tubes loose air pressure over time, but I only rode the bike In the parking lot once to see how the adjustments were, one week later, I went to ride the bike, and both tires were completely empty, I pumped them back up to 85 psi, and a week later they were completely empty, I tightened the nuts after and rep... Read more >>


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Left Foot Forward looks at the pay gap between best paid and worst paid at some of Britain's best known firms.
Tag Archives: High Pay Commission
Revealed: the pay gap at Britain's top firms
Posted in Good Society Also tagged bankers' bonuses, Barclays, barclays bank, bonuses, high pay 4 Responses
How bankers' bonuses are contributing to the new credit crunch
Investors do not trust a banking sector grown drunk on bonuses – one of the reasons why we are facing a new credit crunch, writes Cormac Hollingsworth.
Posted in Sustainable Economy Also tagged bankers, bankers' bonuses, credit, credit crunch, filth, Growth, recession 20 Responses
Unless pay gaps are reduced, we'll end up with Victorian levels of inequality
Unless the trend towards greater inequality is halted, we may end up back at the levels of disparity "evident in Victorian England", the High Pay Commission says.
Posted in Good Society Also tagged income inequality, Inequality, pay gaps, pay ratios 60 Responses
Bank reform proposals a small step forward but lack radicalism
Ben Fox gives an in-depth analysis of the Independent Commission on Banking interim report on the future of UK banking.
Posted in Sustainable Economy Also tagged bankers' bonuses, banking reform, IBC, Independent Commission on Banking, Lloyds-HBOS 2 Responses


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The American Legion is a Congressionally chartered mutual-aid organization of veterans of the United States armed forces founded to benefit those veterans who served during a wartime period as defined by the United States Congress. American Legion Post 277 in Indian Orchard, Massachusetts is part of that organization.
The American Legion was founded in 1919 by veterans returning from Europe after World War I, and was later chartered under Title 36 of the United States Code. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, and also has offices in Washington, D.C. The group has nearly 3 million members in over 14,000 Posts worldwide.
What many people don't know is that the American Legion offers a number of local programs and activities to strengthen its commitment to our nation's grass roots and the people we serve. American Legion Baseball is one of the nation's most successful amateur athletic programs; it continues to educate our youth on the importance of sportsmanship. It also helpe to develope and strengthen the quality or our citizens.
The American Legion is a nonpartisan, not-for-profit organization with great political influence perpetuated by its grass-roots involvements in the legislation process. Legionnaires' sense of obligation to their community, state and nation drives an honest advocacy for veterans in Washington. The Legion stands not behind politics, but the issues and people that institute progress by focusing on veterans rights and quality of life.
In addition to organizing commemorative events and volunteer veteran support activities, the American Legion is active in issue U.S. politics. Its primary political activity is lobbying on behalf of the interests of veterans and service members, including support for veterans benefits such as pensions and the Veterans Affairs hospital system. The Legion has also been involved as a conservative voice in more general political and cultural issues.
At the state level, the American Legion is organized into "departments", which run annual civic training events for high school juniors called Boys State. Two members from each Boys State are selected for Boys Nation. The American Legion Auxiliary runs Girls State and Girls Nation. The American Legion also hosts many social events.
The American Legion's success depends entirely on active membership, participation and volunteerism. The organization belongs to the people it serves and the communities in which it thrives.


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Citing copyright and privacy concerns, among others, U.S. Circuit Judge Denny Chin rejected the $125 million Google Books Amendment Settlement Agreement (ASA) between Google and book publishers Tuesday that would have created a "universal library" of sorts, permitting Google Books to put millions of volumes, many of which are rare or otherwise difficult to find, on the web. Judge Chin admonished Google for scanning copyrighted documents from university libraries — a project begun in 2004 for which Google has already scanned more than 15 million books — while still acknowledging that "the digitization of books and the creation of a universal digital library would benefit many."
Echoing the debate over universal healthcare, the judge took issue with the settlement's opt-out structure: Under the proposed conditions, all authors would be covered by the ASA by default unless they consciously decided to opt out. Judge Chin suggested he would be amenable to provisions that would give authors the decision to opt in. READ FULL STORY