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Cop kills man for holding water hose nozzle (reheadlined)Submitted by doctor011 on Mon, 07/08/2013 - 08:15
http://www.military.com/video/law-enforcement/police/cops-ki... Time to do psych evaluations on all cops. This is crazy Anybody have a stat on how many wrongfull police shootings in America? that's right there are no wrongful shooting by police. Police shoot and kill a man because they thought his Watering nozzle was a pistol. Another tragic and unnecessary death.
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I'm sitting outside right now...
Alone, in the dark.
I've got my iPad and,
I've got a gun.
And a bottle of Coke from Mexico*. Looks like another gun in the dark.
Am I screwed?
Should I slowly raise my arms and hope for the best whenever Johnny Law is near?
Or should I crawl back inside my home and hide in fear of those I pay to protect me?
One thing I do that I think helps.
I stoped living within city limits years ago.
No city taxes.
No city police.
No permit for yard sales, etc..
Less government period.
I live in the county.
A duly elected and sworn Constitutional Sheriff is all we need.
Police are guns for hire, employed by the incorporated city. Police "Officer of the Corporation".
You get charged by a the corporate cop.
Prosecuted by the corporate Attorny.
Public Defender works for the same corporation.
And so does the judge.
And it's officially a fair trial!
Sheriffs deputies are usually from the area.
They are generally more respectful of folks.
Where was I? Oh yeah...
Don't shoot! I'm just a guy with a gun!
*(Mexi Coka Cola- no high fructose corn syrup, it's got sugar!
Taste like Coke from 30 years ago! Taste good warm and still fizzes after hours!
Put one in the freezer and spaced out. Thawed it and it was fizzy and delicious!
Corn syrup taste like poo! It just ain't right!
I got a theory...
Why the switch to HFCorn Syrup and demonizing sugar?
America's Midwest farmers don't grow sugar. They grow corn.
It grows like weeds. Easy crop. Crop of chit. That's where it always winds up anyways.)
NSA Keyword_HITS:::gun:::mexico:::coke:::constitutional:::
Yep, I'm screwed.
Exercise Liberty.
America Rising.
The Constitution Stands.
"That the pen is mightier than the sword would be proven false; if I should take my sword and cut off the hand that holds the pen" - American Nomad
he was sitting on his porch
I very much doubt he pointed the water sprinkler with 2 hands, I don't think the handle is big enough to do that, and I don't think he pointed it at them, I don't think he knew the police were there, he was playing with the garden sprinkler and they shot him sight unseen. The big thing is he was sitting down, that is not an aggressive position, they shot him sitting down.
The idiot on the phone is also to blame for making a false statement that it was a gun. A 6 shooter.
I agree
The officers very possibly are lying about what the man was doing and how they responded. I've witnessed first hand that police polish up their stories, getting them straight with each other to present the best viewpoint for themselves especially under questionable circumstances.
And yes I hope the idiot on the phone has a life time of sleepless nights ahead of him...
edit: and you know what? even if he was playing around and pointed the sprayer with two hands.. IT WAS NOT A WEAPON! the more I think about this the more angry I get.. I like to sit out on my porch steps watering the grass and flowers but I don't think I'll ever do it again without thinking of this man.. minding his own business and now dead.
Daughter of 1776 American Revolutionists
The one actually responsible
for the death was the neighbor who called 911 because the cops only do one thing when they think anyone else has a gun but them. The blood is on his hands just as much (or more) as the police. Actually, these death by cop videos are becoming very very common. Everyone should be scared sh-tless.
"Disobedience is the true foundation of liberty. The obedient must be slaves."― Henry David Thoreau
Wars and PTSD
The Drug War caused this adversarial relationship with police. That, and the remnants of racism or class-warfare, which was part of the reason for the Drug War in the first place, and one of the reasons it still continues.
Add to that, the many officers who have PTSD, and it's going to be ugly.
We need to declare peace, and mean it.
What do you think? http://consequeries.com/
Over a decade of war comes home to punish US
These men are doing at home what they were trained to do in the Overseas wars; Reduce the population.
This GW Bush's legacy. Those that supported it are just a guilty of the crimes as he.
Free includes debt-free!
old video
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On purpose,
We can view the entire process, Trial and outcome. 6.5 million dollars paid from the tax payers directly and indirectly. Was anything done with the police that shot Doug? And were there policy changes to fix the problem? IMO the Officer's training and ability to make split-second life-altering decisions are now in question.
Another moron purged from the
Another moron purged from the gene pool.
It's dark.
You aim a metal, pistol shaped, object at police who are already amped-up over the 911 call.
They tell you to drop it.
You don't drop it.
You die.
Case closed.
barracuda, did you not watch the whole video
the police said they did not warn the man, they admitted they said nothing to him, they just fired with utter disregard for the man, it was target practice for them.
You are dark dark person, and I question
your level of intelligence and your convoluted morality as you are clearly a blind supporter of any and all police action, including that which is in absolute contradiction to Liberty and the rule of Law. Even so, no God-fearing person would relish the idea of you being wrongfully shot simply because you are mentally unfit. What is wrong with you, and why do you consistently hold police officers as being infallible gods in all of your comments?
I AM is all that is. Everything else is malleable.
Sounds reasonable
in some twisted satanic fantasy
A true flower can not blossom without sunlight and a true man can not live without love.
Your defense of criminal behavior is sickening.
It's how bad cops justify their actions
Free includes debt-free!
Morons that dont actually listen should be purged as well
Did you view the whole clip. The police themselves acknowledge that they did not communicate with the victim at all. Not only did they not tell him to drop it - they didn't do shit - well other than blow off a few rounds. Two shotgun rounds and then a few others for good measure.
Because a neighbor stated he had a gun. A neighbor.
What very fine men these officers were. Hard as nails. Fine examples of discipline and finely honed skills of observation.
Or perhaps just scared little boys, that due to daddy issues, feel the need to prove their superiority by bullying and intimidating others. I am guessing these officers probably had a father that was a bully, and, they have yet to stand up to him, as such, they displace there feelings of inadequacy and weakness upon others.
From a news
report, you're contributing a family psychological profile? Do you even know the name of the officers? And you're ready to "purge morons"? What does that even mean? If you had started with ten deep breaths, would you have written the same?
You do realize this is in response to a post right?
The original poster referenced the purging of morons - I was merely using the original posters statement(that does not mean I agreed with it).
Now, take those ten breaths with me.
And yes, from one news report - I am making a psychological profile. Knowing their names will merely cloud my judgment. I'm sorry, its just a gift, and I will not apologize for it.
Gee, I heard that very
upset woman saying over and over, they didn't tell him to drop anything. The newscaster said they didn't speak to him. Did we watch different videos? How would the victim know there was a 911 call? Case closed from a news broadcast you misapprehended? What's going on in your end of gene pool, given your written response to that video?
That's a misleading headline
They weren't his plants. He was drunk at a friend's, locked out, and snitched on by a dumb neighbor who thought he had a gun. There's dumbness in every actor in this tragic story (including the OP?). Watch "Hot Coffee", recommended on another thread here this morning, to see how bad information leads to bad law and tragic consequences.
What is America becoming, a circular firing squad?
so you believe
the police story that the guy was holding the water sprinkler with two hands and pointing it at them?
Seriously,that thing is not a .45, I don't think it's possible to grip it with both hands, the guy was sitting on the porch steps when they shot him, look how low the bullets hit the wood of the railing.
They just "F"ing shot him, because they could.
I don't think it's possible
to draw a reasonable conclusion from the news piece. I have no idea what happened. The cop's story sounds ridiculous. I don't know how they can justify such a shooting. A hail of bullets at a guy with a hose seems like all the information necessary, like with Amadou Diallo.
But, what's the quality of the information we're seeing? It's very thin. It's all hearsay. No one speaking was there. It's extremely emotional. It's extremely political (the cops story is a cover-your-a** story). The sister is as distraught as anyone can be. It's narrated in pyscho-newspeople-speak. Is there anything here that is reliable as evidence? Shaky video of a splintered railing. 10 seconds of a press conference. A picture of a nozzle. All in three minutes. It's like witnessing the aftermath of an explosion through broken pieces of mirror.
I just watched the documentary, "Hot Coffee". I had never seen a picture of the burns that woman received from the spilt McDonald's coffee. The joke we've been hearing for years is completely misleading. Those burns were horrific.
Here, look at the job local Chicago news does on a child in this piece:
Everything about this shooting is disgusting, but so is the news piece.
Paid Vacations Anybody?
Now the standard operating procedure will be to hand out indefinite paid vacations (administrative leaves) while there is an investigation on the police who opened point blank fire on an unarmed man.
I've noticed that many cops these days do not appear to have the ability to analyze a situation and determine if there is danger or not, and if they can do A-Z actions BEFORE they initiate potential fatal force.
For example, a NAKED, autistic 11 year-old girl was walking down the road. A cop pulls up and because she doesn't respond to the cop, the cop tazers the girl. The cop decides that TASERING is the best option. ON AN ELEVEN YEAR-OLD GIRL!
Shoot first, ask questions later, appears to be how many cops are wired up. They claim, "She posed a threat to me," or the person "has what appeared to be a weapon...", etc.
This is what I'm talking about. They seem incompetent in their communication skills, and perhaps way too immature to be authorized and possessing firearms THEMSELVES!
I feel for this man's 8 year-old son. I have an 8 year-old son. That boy will be heartbroken, and cry himself to sleep for many days now.
The family should at the very least get millions out of this. Justice they seek? Of course, not justice for the shotgun-shooting police.
But maybe some money. How tragic.
"It is well enough that people of the nation do not understand our banking and monetary system, for if they did, I believe there would be a rEVOLution before tomorrow morning." - Henry Ford
Title is misleading therefore
Title is misleading therefore I am down voting this post.
He wasn't watering anything and it wasn't even his home.
That does not justify the shooting but when you lie in a title it takes away from the context of the truth.
I agree. Did the op even
I agree. Did the op even watch the video??


text:
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The rules and guidelines for Troop 55 are presented and explained in the Troop Handbook. This book had a wealth of information about how the Troop functions and the overall aims and methods of the Scouting Program. The book includes sections on the following:
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Foundations of Intensional Semantics
208 pages
April 2008, Wiley-Blackwell
1. Introduction.
1.1 Montague's Intensional Logic.
1.2 Architectural Features of IL.
1.3 Structure of the Book.
2. Alternative Approaches to Fine-Grained Intensionality.
2.1 An Algebraic Representation of Possible Worlds Semantics.
2.2 Two Strategies for Hyperintensionalism.
2.3 Thomason's Intentional Logic.
2.4 Bealer's Intensional Logic.
2.5 Structured Meanings and Interpreted Logical Forms.
2.6 Landman's Data Semantics.
2.7 Situation Semantics and Infon Algebras.
2.8 Situations as Partial Models.
2.9 Topos Semantics.
2.10 Conclusion.
3 Intensions as Primitives.
3.1 A Simple Intensional Theory.
3.2 Types and Sorts.
3.3 Abstraction and Application.
3.4 PT: An Untyped Theory.
3.5 Intensionality in FIL and PTCT.
3.6 Conclusions.
4. A Higher-Order, Fine-Grained Intensional Logic.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Fine-Grained Intensional Logic.
4.3 A Semantics for FIL.
4.4 Conclusion.
5. Property Theory with Curry Typing.
5.1 PTCT: A Curry-Typed Theory.
5.2 PTCT: Syntax of the basic theory.
5.3 A Proof Theory for PTCT.
5.4 Example Proof.
5.5 Intensional Identity v. Extensional Equivalence.
5.6 Extending the Type System.
5.7 A Model Theory for PTCT.
5.8 Types and Properties.
5.9 Separation Types and Internal Type Judgements.
5.10 Truth as a Type.
5.11 Conclusion.
6. Number Theory and Cardinaltiy.
6.1 Proportional Cardinality Quantifiers.
6.2 Peano Arithmetic.
6.3 Number Theory in FIL.
6.4 Proportional Generalized Quantifiers in FIL.
6.5 Number Theory in PTCT.
6.6 Proportional Generalized Quantifiers in PTCT.
6.7 Presburger Arithmetic.
6.8 Presburger Arithmetic in PTCT.
6.9 Conclusions.
7. Anaphora and Ellipsis.
7.1 A Type-Theoretical Approach to Anaphora.
7.2 Ellipsis in PTCT.
7.3 Comparison with Other Type-Theoretical Approaches.
7.4 Conclusion.
8. Underspecified Interpretations.
8.1 Underspecified Representations.
8.2 Comparison with Other Theories.
8.3 Conclusion.
9. Expressive Power and Formal Strength.
9.1 Decidability and Completeness.
9.2 Arguments For Higher-Order Theories.
9.3 Arguments Against Higher-Order Theories.
9.4 Self-application, Stratification and Impredicativity.
9.5 First-Order Status and Finite Cardinality.
9.6 Relevance of PTCT to Computational Semantics.
9.7 Conclusions.
10. Conclusions.
10.1 Montague Semantics and the Architecture of Semantic Theory.
10.2 Algebraic Semantics and Fine-Grained Alternatives to MS.
10.3 A Conservative Revision of MS.
10.4 Enriching Property Theory with Curry Typing.
10.5 An Intensional Number Theory.
10.6 A Dynamic Type-Theoretic Account of Anaphora and Ellipsis.
10.7 Underspecified Interpretations as _-Terms of the Representation Language.
10.8 PTCT and Computational Semantics: Directions for Future Work.
Author Index.
Subject Index.
Shalom Lappin is Professor of Computer Science at King's College, London. He has published extensively on issues in computational linguistics and formal grammar, and his books include Local Constraints vs. Economy (with David Johnson, 1999), Fragments: Studies in Ellipsis and Gapping (edited with Elabbas Benmamoun, 1999), and The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory (edited, Blackwell, 1996).
- focuses on the formal characterization of intensions, the nature of an adequate type system for natural language semantics, and the formal power of the semantic representation language
- proposes a theory that offers a promising framework for developing a computational semantic system sufficiently expressive to capture the properties of natural language meaning while remaining computationally tractable
- written by two leading researchers and of interest to students and researchers in formal semantics, computational linguistics, logic, artificial intelligence, and the philosophy of language
"Fox and Lappin present a new solution to one of the long-standing issues in formal semantics: how to distinguish logically equivalent from semantically equivalent propositions. This is a valuable contribution to the foundations of formal semantics of natural language." Stephen G. Pulman, Oxford University
"This is an excellent addition to the literature on the foundations of natural language semantics. The logical issues are carefully and insightfully addressed and much advanced material is brought together for the first time. Semanticists cannot afford not to read it." Raymond Turner, University of Essex


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August 21, 2012
New insect-resistant varieties of the cowpea are helping to reduce significant losses in yield due to better technology to combat pest and diseases.
The cowpea (or black-eyed pea in the U.S.) is an important staple in the diet of more than 200 million households in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a robust plant able to withstand the low rainfall and poor soil conditions of the region, yielding protein-rich seed and providing valuable nutrition to its inhabitants, while also fixing nitrogen in the soil.
Unfortunately, African cowpea farmers suffer heavy yield losses (often over 80 percent) due to pests and diseases, and most significantly from an insect, Maruca vitrata, which destroys the seeds in the pods.
As conventional breeding has been unsuccessful in developing insect resistance in the cowpea, and smallholder farmers have limited access to costly insecticides, Feed the Future is working with partners to develop new approaches to manage maruca infestation. With support from Feed the Future, the African Agricultural Technology Foundation is developing an insect-resistant, bioengineered cowpea, and the Dry Grain Pulses Collaborative Research Support Program, led by Michigan State University, is working on bio control agents (or natural enemies of insect pests).
The insect-resistant varieties were developed using the same "Bacillus thuringiensis" or Bt technology that has been applied broadly in other crops around the world. Recent field trials of the Bt Cowpea technology in Nigeria and Burkina Faso have shown significant promise in maintaining yields in the face of insect infestations. Two promising Bt Cowpea varieties exhibited double the yield of the non-Bt control variety under insect pressure. As a next step, cowpea breeders are working to integrate Bt technology into farmer-preferred varieties, potentially making the Bt Cowpea available for widespread use within the next five years, pending regulatory approvals.
The bio control technology involves introducing a virus that attacks Maruca vitrata larvae inside the cowpea. Field trials are currently underway in Burkina Faso and a commercialized version of the virus is expected to be authorized in two to three years once the government has approved its use.
Both of these technologies are novel solutions under Feed the Future to improve cowpea production and combat insect infestation more effectively using fewer chemical fertilizers.
Source: Feed the Future
Related articles
- Saving Africa's maize and cowpea from the violet vampire | IITA (africaseed.net)
- Mali: Sowing the Seeds of Success | CGIAR – ICRISAT (africaseed.net)
- IITA Offers Improved Cassava, Cowpea and Maize Seeds to Nigerian State (isaaa.org)
- Building the Seed Industry and Fighting Food Insecurity in West Africa | CNFA (africaseed.net)


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*Photographed by our fearless lensman, Patrick McMullan.*
We've never been huge fans of Moby's music, but we have to admit we like his style. For a little bald guy with glasses he does himself pretty well. Sartorially he may not be much to write home about, but he manages to exude the right kind of insouciant electro-rock star cool in a way that's essentially inimitable: just you try walking around like this and see how far you get if you don't believe us.


text:
Baxters Soups (most varieties) - Normally £0.95 a Can BUT 4 Cans for £2.00 @ ASDA
Doods1875found 2 years, 10 months ago
Buy four cans of Baxters Soups for £2.00 = 50p a can. They had most varieties on the shelves earlier in my local ASDA but they were clearing out fast - if you haven't tried Baxters, they're significantly better than Heinz.
Online and instore.
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All Comments (10)Jump to unread Post a Comment
- Shambolic2 years, 10 months ago #1Show comment tools ReplyGood price for decent soup.
- rodman2 years, 10 months ago #2Show comment tools ReplyI got it yesterday, and was thinking about posting same deal.
- rodman2 years, 10 months ago #3Show comment tools Replytried one today and agree much better than Heinz
- TorqueOfTheDevil2 years, 10 months ago #4Show comment tools ReplyExcellent soups. Good deal.
- The Crew Designs2 years, 10 months ago1 Like #5Show comment tools Replyrodmantried one today and agree much better than Heinz
You are right, I tried these for the first time in ages a few weeks back and they are great soups.
The bacon and three beans (think that's right) is lovely
- lenbarrysings1232 years, 10 months ago #6Show comment tools Replyfor once quality comes cheap!
- tonypop2 years, 9 months ago #7Show comment tools ReplyThe BEST tinned soup
- JamesSmith2 years, 9 months ago1 Like #8Show comment tools ReplySainsburys own soups are just as nice IMO they always seem to do 5 for £2 choose from Tomato, tomato and red pepper, ministrone, mushroom, vegetable, spring vegetables, and theres another one with pasta in i forget the name.
- Polly_P2 years, 9 months ago #9Show comment tools ReplyJamesSmithSainsburys own soups are just as nice IMO they always seem to do 5 for £2 choose from Tomato, tomato and red pepper, ministrone, mushroom, vegetable, spring vegetables, and theres another one with pasta in i forget the name.
oh never had sainsburys soup before, will buy some, thanks :)
- Crazius2 years, 9 months ago #10Show comment tools ReplyI was in there the other day and an indian fella had 28 tins at the checkout in front of me. I think he cleared the whole shelf, lol.


text:
Synonyms for hockeyˈhɒk i
This thesaurus page is about all possible synonyms and similiar words for the term hockey
Princeton's WordNet
field hockey, hockey(noun)
a game resembling ice hockey that is played on an open field; two opposing teams use curved sticks try to drive a ball into the opponents' net
ice hockey, hockey, hockey game, field hockey
ice hockey, hockey, hockey game(noun)
a game played on an ice rink by two opposing teams of six skaters each who try to knock a flat round puck into the opponents' goal with angled sticks
ice hockey, hockey, hockey game, field hockey
Find a translation for the hockey synonym in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss these hockey synonyms with the community:
Use the citation below to add these synonyms to your bibliography:
"hockey." Synonyms.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 19 Dec. 2014. <http://www.synonyms.net/synonym/hockey>.


text:
Carrington College Reno?
- 0May 11, '11 by heartbeepHas anyone gone to this program recently? I'm keeping an open mind and gathering all relevant and recent facts, since it's part of DeVry, a reputable institution. Thank you!
- 1Jun 2, '11 by jillane2011Hi Heartbeep!
I'm planning on attending Carrington College RN program this upcoming August, and I've also been trying to find out more information. I contacted the Nevada Board of Nursing and they sent me the NCLEX pass rates. So far, the Reno location has only graduated their first class of 19, which all passed with 100%. I've been trying to hunt down some of the students to hear about their experience but no luck.
- 0Jun 19, '11 by lctdi need some advice about carrington as well. i applied to wnc's nursing program and got put on the wait list, because i am not a resident and i only got a 76 on my teas; i have a 4.0. i am 7 classes away from unr, which means i will have to wait another year to apply. do carrington credits transfer if i want to bridge to my bsn? do you know my cut off date to get in to carrington is? i am 12th on the wait list.....
- 0Jun 20, '11 by jillane2011Hi Linz_Taylor!
I attended the information session and I harassed them with a ton of questions! I was worried whether or not my credits will transfer INTO the program, and AFTER the program when I want to get my BS. Since they're a private school, you would have to take the RN to BSN route with a private school under the same as Carrington which I think is DeVry. But the great part is you can transfer prerequisites into the program, and would only have to take the classes you haven't taken. For example
semester 1: a&p, math, english, psych
(i've taken everything but communications in semester 2, so they would move that class up to sem1 & i'd only have to take that one class)
semester 2: communications, sociology, a&p2, micro, nevada history (i haven't taken nevada history so i'd only take that one for sem2)
semester 3: nursingfund, pharm, medsurg.
The cut off date is July 22, and they will send out the letters July 29
- 4Jul 3, '11 by rhgummerHi guys, I attend Carrington,Reno and I'm in semester 5 of 6. I just want to give you a little heads up on what you're going into. The program is tough. Sure you have easy classes such as communications, sociology, etc but the bulk of the course is very time consuming so be ready. On the flip side, Carrington stole all the best nursing instructors from WNC, UNR, and TMCC. I really can't emphasize enough how important the instruction is once you get to the core nursing classes. The instructors give you their cell numbers, and I've called many times on the weekend to spend 45 mins with my clinical instructor going over care plan details. You'll always hear bad things, and I've read most on google, but isn't that the case anywhere? I have friends who went through TMCC and berated an instructor via facebook. It's important to get a clear idea of what you expect so go over this with ---- at your interview, talk with other students (especially the higher grades), and then pace yourself. Nursing school is not a sprint to the finish, it's more a distance race so don't burn out early. I'm not doing this for Carrington, I'm doing this because I want you to have as good an experience as I've had. There is another online school you can get credit for and enroll in for the associates degree to BSN and you can take this all the way to a masters program. It's up to you how far you go, I can only encourage that you have fun doing it. BTW, I encourage you speak to higher grades because they have a more complete picture of the program, not just the science and liberal arts classes. Being able to pull these classes together in how they relate to nursing is very important. Good luck with whatever you choose.Last edit by dianah on Jul 3, '11 : Reason: omitted info/Terms of Service re: posting names
- 0Mar 16, '12 by jwhitelockHello everybody, I am new to this forum. I just applied to the Carrington nursing program this afternoon. I only received a 91.3% on the hesi last wk and am signed up to take the hesi again this coming Saturday. I am debating as to whether I should take it again or not???? please let me know if you have any info on what the scores have been for the last couple semesters. thanks a million!
- 0Mar 26, '12 by jwhitelockHi Jasmine. You're the one that received a 96% over all on Saturday? Right? If that's the case I would not worry! you'll get in no problem! I am freaking out a little.... I'm just glad we only have 2 more wks to find out. I think it's just going to be the luck of the draw whether I get in or not... maybe the .3 will put me over the competition!
Good luck!


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Wednesday W's
Find a Conversation
|Wed, 01-09-2013 - 9:19am
|Wed, 01-09-2013 - 9:41am
Woohoo! We have a house full of groceries!
Worries: Money
Whines: DH doesn't have alot going on with work right now. He's home and not doing much of anything- a few phone calls, some web surfing, a tweet or email here and there. If I ask, he'll help out (willingly), but he doesn't see the housework to be done and I get tired of pointing it out.
Whatever: Tween attitude
|Wed, 01-09-2013 - 10:43am
|Wed, 01-09-2013 - 5:24pm
WooHoo: Rehearsal changed for tonight, ends at 7:15 yay for not having to pick Kayleigh up at 9:00
Whine: What is my paycheck going to look like with the new tax changes?
Worry: Finances and the future
Whatever: I can't figure out if we'll have dinner before or after getting Kayleigh, I'm worried it'll be ready just as it is time to pick her up


text:
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Psychologists and other mental health professional are touchy about how they are depicted in movies. So are doctors, police officers and lawyers. Given the widespread influence of movies, any profession is naturally going to be invested in whether its members are portrayed positively and accurately. After all, misrepresentations could potentially lead to public relations problems. In the case of psychotherapy, it might mean that someone will not seek help because they have developed a negative perception of counseling. Or in the case of mental disorder, inaccurate depictions could increase the stigmatization of various kinds of difficulties and diagnoses.
However, as I point out in my book, The Psychology at the Movies, there is a danger in psychologists being too uptight and literal in commenting about Hollywood movies. Film makers are not in the same business as psychologists. Their job is to tell dramatic, compelling stories, and sometimes they distort reality in order to accomplish this task.


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Trailer for In the Good Old Summertime.
Veronica Fisher (Garland) enters Oberkugen's music shop, looking for work. Although Otto Oberkugen (Sakall) is reluctant to take on more staff, she wins a job by persuading a wealthy matron, through her singing and musical expertise, to buy a harp at almost $25 over Oberkugen's list price. Neither she nor Andrew Larkin (Johnson), the shop's senior salesman, suspects that they are each other's anonymous pen pal. They bicker constantly at work although becoming increasingly attracted to each other.
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text:
Post: #2
The question of who has what authority is a difficult one in both Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy. Rome has a much clearer, and more Western legalistic, model.
In Orthodoxy there are, in practice, two forms of authority which might be called (to use Western legal terms) ?de jure? and ?de facto?.
Some authority derives from Canon Law. No-one has, for example, authority to change the dogmatic decrees of the Ecumenical Councils ? not even (assuming such a thing to be possible) a future Ecumenical Council. Ecumenical Councils had the authority to change to disciplinary decrees of the earlier Ecumenical Councils (and did so: the example of imposing a celibate episcopate is an obvious example) and of the Regional Councils and of the Fathers.
Patriarchs and bishops have authority to make disciplinary rules and decisions within their own jurisdictions, provided always that these conform to the Canons. This is what I would call ?de jure? (of right) authority.
However, especially in Oriental Orthodoxy, Patriarchs and, to a lesser extent, bishops exercise what can best be described as a ?de facto? (as a matter of fact) authority in that few people are likely to challenge their decisions, and there may be no effective means for doing so, even if the decisions appear to be contrary to higher canonical authority.
As an obvious example: in 1911, Pope Cyril V ordered the removal of the following books from the Old Testament Canon: Tobit, Judith, the Compliment of Esther, the Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus, the Epistle of Jeremiah, Baruch, the Compliment of Daniel (Suzanna, and the Three Youths), and the Books of Maccabees. A further example: in 1971 Pope Shenouda III changed the Church?s rules regarding divorce and made adultery effectively the only acceptable ground, disallowing the other grounds which had previously been part of Coptic Canon Law, which had been incorporated into the Church?s rules in 1938 and into the Egyptian civil ?personal status? law applying to Copts in 1955. This has created a well-document ?divorce crisis? amongst Copts, especially in Egypt. Serious domestic violence, for example, is no longer a ground for divorce or, at least, a ground for divorce with the right to remarriage for the victim.
An added complication is the distinction between dogmatic and disciplinary decrees. I think the imposition of a celibate episcopate is a disciplinary matter. None but the most theologically illiterate Orthodox would argue that a married man cannot be a bishop rather than that church law does not allow it now.
The question that inspired your reflection on authority ? the ordination of women ? is obviously much more complex. Is the male-only Priesthood a matter of dogma or discipline? Could a future Ecumenical Council decree that women can be ordained?
Fr Gregory
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Authority - John Charmley - 17-04-2010, 08:49 PM
[] - Fr Gregory - 18-04-2010 06:02 AM
[] - John Charmley - 18-04-2010, 07:26 AM
[] - Fr Gregory - 18-04-2010, 08:55 PM
[] - John Charmley - 18-04-2010, 10:04 PM
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[] - Fr Gregory - 22-04-2010, 07:02 AM
[] - John Charmley - 22-04-2010, 05:38 PM


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It's been one of my favourite covers since being introduced to the "In My Life: George Martin" album. The whole album, from Goldie Hawn's Hard Day's Night to Robin Williams and Bobby McFerrin covering Come Together and even Billy Connolly's Being For The Benefit Of Mr Kite is constantly on my iPod but I think it's this cover of I am the Walrus that I love the most.
The song itself, written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon/McCartney. It was in The Beatles' 1967 television film and album Magical Mystery Tour, and was the B-side to their number 1 hit Hello, Goodbye. The story of the song from Wikipedia is quite interesting:
The genesis of the lyrics is found in three song ideas that Lennon was working on, the first of which was inspired by hearing a police siren at his home in Weybridge; Lennon wrote the lines "Mis-ter cit-y police-man" to the rhythm of the siren. The second idea was a short rhyme about Lennon sitting in his garden, while the third was a nonsense lyric about sitting on a corn flake. Unable to finish the ideas as three different songs, he combined them into one.
The Beatles Rockband game that you can win launches tonight in Whelan's in Dublin with music by The Chapters, Codes, The Shoos, Ham Sandwich and The Classic Beatles. Should be a great event.


text:
Metal Gear Scanlon 2 - Part 13
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Nintendo's all-stars assemble once again, resulting in one of the best reasons to own a Wii U (and eight GameCube controllers).
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Space, the Final Frontier, the focal point and main location of space faring games, from Asteroids to the Mass Effect series.
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This quaint, barred-spiral galaxy is home to hundreds of billions of stars and is centered around a supermassive black hole. Located somewhere in the inner-rim of the Orion Arm, Earth is merely a speck of dust in this immense celestial cloud.
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text:
Written by: Chris Andrade
Phantogram are a new discovery for me. Stumbling upon them this week after OtD contributor Show informed me of some hilarious comments to their YouTube video. There is something entrancing about both this video and this song.
Part of the Barsuk Records family (which includes OtD favs Ra Ra Riot), the duo made up of Sarah Barthel and Josh Carter hail from Saratoga Springs, NY. The two apparently love sticking to the rural landscapes of upsate New York even though their sound is very big city with electronic loops and pop melodies.
Truth be told, this song isn't new. It's album, Eyelid Movies came out back in 2009 in Europe although it didn't see the light of day here in North America until the Following February.
You can buy Eyelid Movies via Barsuk or iTunes and there's a free download of "When I'm Small" but check out the video below, it's worth that watch.


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Education anxiety.
Hurtling toward the inevitable future.
Meet our brand-new diarist, Lilly!
There was no way to study for what was really testing me.
Where do we go from here?
This has been a test.
High highs and low lows.
Greetings, salutations, and questionable pork.
Some things end, other things begin.
When school makes you sick. LITERALLY.
Hi, Rookies! If you've made anything—writing, photos, video, comix, etc.—you think might be right for us, please send it to us here. As always, thank you! ♥
Rookie is a website for teenage girls. With monthly-themed content, we update three times every weekday, and once a day on weekends. Click here to find out where to send stuff you'd like us to see. Learn about the people who write this thing here.


text:
14 Remarkable Finds at the Winter Antiques Show
From 16th century horse armour to a midcentury chandelier, we round up our favorite items from the Winter Antiques show at the Park Avenue Armory in New York.
By William Irvine
Midcentury Chandelier
The "Snowflake" chandelier in brass for Taito Oy (c. 1948) makes beautiful shadows on the ceiling. Moderne Gallery; modernegallery.com


text:
September 1, 2012 — On June 20, the Behavioral Health Counseling department hosted 40 of its alumni at its 10th Annual Alumni Dinner. Music by guest flutist Lisamarie McGrath welcomed alumni into the room as they reunited with their classmates and professors at the catered dinner.
"The Alumni Dinner is such a unique opportunity for faculty and alumni to share what is happening in the industry, as well as introduce new things that are happening in the Department of Behavioral Health Counseling," said Dr. Veronica Carey.
During the event, alumni were invited to stand and share aspects of the BHC curriculum they use most often in their chosen professions, demonstrating that the coursework "satisfies varied behavioral health service delivery needs," Dr. Carey explained.
In recognition of varied behavioral health system needs, the BHC department has a tradition at the annual dinner of awarding Certificates of Advanced Studies in specialty areas based upon individual students' academic performances. The specific areas in which certificates are awarded include: Individual and Group Counseling, Addictions Counseling, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Child and Adolescent Support Services, Crisis Counseling Services, and Forensic Mental Health Services.
The Behavioral Health Counseling Department is unique in that it is the only one within the College of Nursing and Health Professions that has held a successful annual alumni reunion for ten years running. "It provides ongoing opportunities for graduates to continue networking with each other. We're committed to developing professionalism and lifelong learning," Dr. Ronald Comer said. The department's dedication to professionalism and lifelong learning is evident not only in its curriculum but also by the way it continues to encourage alumni to network with and learn from one another years after they leave the program.
Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 - 215-895-2000
Copyright 2014 - All Rights Reserved.


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It is that time of year. If you do not already have your tree up, you should think of doing that. Unless of course you are wanting a real tree. I never liked getting a real tree too early. You have to keep adding water all the time, and needles keep falling all over the place. There is a lot of work that goes into a real tree. This year since my wife and I are still in an apartment, we went with a fake tree. If you do go with a fake tree, there are many real like scents that you can buy at craft stores, or stores like Menards, or Lowes.
This year my family did a simple tree. Some bulbs, a few lights, and garland. Instead of doing classic colors like red and green, my family used blue and silvers. It is a nice mix up to the classic red and green. Try something different this year.
A Tip: If you buy a fake tree, leave an hour or two to put it up. Especially if you just bought the tree. Sometimes the directions can be difficult to read.
Caution: This is more of an old tradition. If you do put candles on your tree, please be in the room when they are lit. This is very dangerous, and I advise you not to use candles on your tree. Another caution is with your lights. Do not over load a light socket. Many fires start each year because of over crowded light sockets. Do no ruin your Christmas because of candles or over crowded light sockets.
I would love to see your Christmas trees. Post a link in the comments. I will add each tree to this post, and even tweet your tree. So let's see what your Christmas spirit has come up with. Here is mine


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Poor Little Devils
November 1, 2014|
See the devastating infectious cancer that may drive the Tasmanian Devil to extinction.
November 1, 2014|
See the devastating infectious cancer that may drive the Tasmanian Devil to extinction.
October 1, 2014|
Hear from Diane Ashworth, one of the world's first recipients of a bionic eye implant.
October 1, 2014|
Learn about the photovoltaic retinal prosthesis from one of its developers, Daniel Palanker of Stanford University.
August 1, 2014|
Capsule reviewed author Ian Leslie sets up his latest book, Curious, about the human propensity to wonder and learn.
June 1, 2014|
Stephanie Swift discusses the strategy of fighting cancer with viruses.
May 1, 2014|
An organization hopes to restore natural ecological processes by reintroducing large herbivores to the continent.
January 28, 2014|
Kerry Grens chats about ancient tooth decay, asthma, and fat cells.
November 1, 2013|
Neurosurgeon Andres Lozano discusses deep-brain stimulation in this TEDx talk.
August 12, 2011|
A conversation with Dan Otte, a South African artist and curator of entomology at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Otte also happens to have discovered around 20 percent of the cricket species known to date.
July 13, 2011|
Eleanor Simpson, a neuroscientist at Columbia University Medical Center, discusses a recent Nature paper that probes dopamine's role in helping animals make positive associations to stimuli that herald pleasurable outcomes (such as the handing out of food).


text:
David F Winkler
As the sun rose one morning in early May 1972 in the Mediterranean Sea, a Soviet and an American warship steamed in close proximity. In the early morning's light, the commander of the Soviet vessel observed a changed position of the national ensign on the American warship. Curious, he sent the following flashing light message:
The American skipper responded:
The Soviet skipper countered with a message thanking his American counterpart for the information and added:
I introduce this paper with that sea story to note that although there were numerous incidents between the navies of the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War--not all of them were bad. And those incidents that were bad became fewer after 1972 due to the willingness of the two navies to abide by a bilateral confidence- building measure known as the Incidents at Sea Agreement.
Signed on May 25, 1972, in conjunction with the ongoing Nixon-Brezhnev summit in Moscow, "An Agreement between the Government of the United States and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Prevention of Incidents on the High Seas and in the Air Space Above Them,"2 commonly known as INCSEA, has stood the test of time of over two decades, weathering such events as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the shooting down of KAL 007, and the hawkish attitude of the Reagan administration. The agreement successfully regulated the behaviors of the naval and aviation personnel on both sides and also provided a venue for direct military-to-military contact through an annual consultation provision. Now considered a pioneering confidence-building measure, INCSEA will prosper into the next century as other nations have adopted the accord for use in harmonizing bilateral relations. Nations also having accords with Russia include Great Britain, France, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Canada, Norway, South Korea, and Japan. Germany and Poland have an accord. In December 1994, Arab nations along with Israel agreed to a text for a Middle-East multilateral version of INCSEA.
The story of events and negotiations leading to the signature of the Incidents at Sea Agreement is quite remarkable. It is a subject being covered in my dissertation on U.S.-Soviet maritime relations of the high seas during the Cold War. This dissertation was subsequently published by the Naval Institute Press under the title Cold War at Sea. I want to take a second to thank Dr. Ed Marolda and the Naval Historical Center for their support of my research. I also want to thank many of you who have spent time with me discussing various encounters with the Soviets and have contributed to enlivening my narrative.
Today, I want to focus on the process leading to INCSEA. Specifically, I want to look at the Soviet decision in November 1970 to accept a long-standing U.S. proposal to negotiate an understanding relating to safety at sea issues. Is this Soviet decision significant in the overall context of the Cold War? Not really. However, by examining possible Soviet motivations for pursuing negotiations, we may be better able to understand how Soviet naval leaders saw themselves versus the Western navies and within the Soviet military hierarchy during this important time period.
First, before examining possible Soviet motivations to hold talks, I need to provide some additional background information.
Former Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt Jr. viewed incidents with the Soviet Navy as "an extremely dangerous, but exhilarating, running game of chicken." He knew first hand. In his book On Watch, Zumwalt described an episode in 1962 during his tenure as Commanding Officer of the USS Dewey in which he engaged a Soviet Riga class frigate in such a game in the Baltic Sea.3 During the first two decades after World War II incidents like the one Zumwalt mentioned, occurred mostly in proximity to the Soviet mainland. However, in the mid-1960s, the Soviet Navy deployed forward and began to challenge the U.S. Navy on all of the world's oceans. Soviet vessels harassed American carrier battle groups conducting flight and replenishment operations by aiming weapons, shooting flares, blinding with searchlights, and conducting dangerous maneuvers.4
The American public became aware of the problem after a pair of incidents occurred in the Sea of Japan on May 10-11, 1967. USS Walker, operating as part of a submarine-hunting task force, collided with a Soviet destroyer on the 10th of May, resulting in an immediate American protest to the Soviet Chargé d'Affaires in Washington. The next day another Soviet destroyer crashed into the Walker and another protest was presented. The incidents became a heated topic of debate within the House of Representatives as House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford proposed that the United States review its options to include allowing the Navy authorization to fire when challenged in this manner by the Soviets.5
President Johnson "deeply regretted" the incidents and considered them a matter of concern. However, the solution proposed by the House Minority Leader had dangerous potential consequences. Another approach was selected. On April 16, 1968, the United States proposed to the Soviet Union that "Safety on the Sea" discussions be held to look into curtailing such incidents. Despite the crash of one of their planes near the USS Essex during the following month, the Soviets ignored the American overture.6
On November 10, 1970, American Moscow Embassy Chargé d'Affaires Boris Klosson met with Georgi Korniyenko of the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the meeting Korniyenko stated that "competent organs" within the USSR were now prepared to accept the U.S. proposal to hold bilateral meetings on avoiding incidents at sea between ships and aircraft of the two countries. He proposed that the meeting take place in Moscow in early 1971.
In our quest to find out why the Soviets chose to respond at this time, Klosson will provide us with our first theory. In a message to Secretary of State Rogers, Klosson speculated that the Soviets may have desired to send "a positive sign involving the military to help offset the negative effect of the Scherrer case, or the Ark Royal case may have bestirred them." The Ark Royal case referred to the collision that occurred the previous evening in the Mediterranean involving the British aircraft carrier and a Soviet destroyer that resulted in loss of life on the Soviet vessel.7 I discount the Ark Royal thesis. No government bureaucracy reacts that quickly.
The Scherrer Case
However, the Scherrer case merits consideration for it was the Scherrer case that had prompted the meeting between Korniyenko and Klosson. It all started on October 15, 1970, when a forty-eight-year-old Lithuanian truck driver and his nineteen year-old son forced a domestic Aeroflot flight to divert to Turkey, murdering the plane's stewardess in the process. The incident created instant tension between the Soviet Union and Turkey as Soviet extradition requests were ignored. On the 18th, a Turkish court intensified the Soviets' anger by declaring the hijacking a political offense, freeing the hijackers from criminal charges and extradition proceedings.8
Three days later, during this political storm, General Edward C.D. Scherrer, Commander U.S. Military Aid Mission to Turkey, decided to tour forward Turkish military installations. Unfortunately, the U-S Beechcraft airplane carrying Scherrer, Brigadier General Claude M. McQuarrie, and Turkish Colonel Cavdat Denilg flew into a real storm. Buffeted by high winds and blinded by heavy clouds, the pilot, Major James P. Russell, finally saw his destination runway. He landed his aircraft in Leninakan--in Soviet Armenia.9
Obviously, there was no connection between the above two events. Yet Vasily Grubyakov, Soviet Ambassador to Turkey observed: "There are now two Russian murderers in Turkey and one Turkish Colonel in Russia. Both must be returned."10
The Soviet handling of the captured aircraft and passengers soured relations between the two superpowers. The Soviet media exploited the incursion, equating it with the U-2 incident that occurred a decade earlier. The Soviets did not allow American embassy staff counselor access to the prisoners as specified in a counselor agreement. Both sides lodged protests. Chargé d'Affaires Klosson boycotted the October Revolution festivities. Finally, on November 9th, the Soviets indicated that the Americans and the Turk would be returned on the following day.11
Was the Soviet decision to negotiate INCSEA simply an attempt to send "a positive sign involving the military to help offset the negative effect of the Scherrer case . . . [this event] may have bestirred them?"
Let's consider some other possibilities.
Young Soviet Skippers
The first series of INCSEA negotiations occurred in the Soviet Union during mid-October 1971. On the weekend of October 16-17, the American delegation visited Leningrad. During a reception on this trip, American delegation member Captain Robert Congdon tried to converse with a young Soviet commander with a senior Soviet captain providing translation. Congdon noted that this young commander was so intimidated that his hands were shaking. After a toasting, the interpreting captain pulled Congdon aside. Reflecting on the incident two decades later, Congdon paraphrased what the Soviet officer said:
Please excuse the shy behavior of that young officer, but you must understand that this is one of the reasons why we have you over here. You are well aware that our navy has greatly expanded into a powerful blue water navy in the past decade, and this rapid growth has not been without difficulties as new technologies revolutionize naval warfare. We in the Soviet Navy had to make a difficult decision. Should we retrain all the senior officers who grew up in the coastal/patrol craft navy to assume command of these new missile cruisers, or should we fleet up the young officers who were initially trained on these new weapon systems? We chose the latter course. Thus, we have ship skippers like the fellow you just met who are in their early thirties. Frankly, we are concerned that some of these young officers do not possess the maturity nor the shiphandling skills, and this could lead to undesirable consequences. Hence, we decided to invite you here to implement some controls.12
Before considering this possible Soviet motivation, some context needs to be provided. By this point in the negotiating process, the Soviets and the Americans were in agreement on most issues. The sticking point was a Soviet insistence that fixed-approach distances be established between the two navies.
The U.S. resisted fixed distances for two reasons. First, such a fixed-distance regimen that implemented approach restrictions would hinder U.S. intelligence collection efforts. Naval intelligence argued that the Soviets would have an advantage in intelligence gathering due to the hundreds of overseas port calls during which U.S. ships opened the brow for visitation. Soviet ships were just not as accessible. Second, there were concerns that establishing fixed distances could establish some dangerous precedents for ongoing Law of the Sea negotiations.
Fixed-approach distances would not be incorporated into the 1972 accord. The Soviets brought the subject up at subsequent annual reviews. Although the United States never wavered in its position, participants on the U.S. side have confided to me that the Soviet proposal was probably benign and probably did seek to address a legitimate concern.
Other possible Soviet motivations?
Not only did the Soviet Navy rapidly expand during the 1960s, but the Soviet merchant marine did as well. At the end of World War II, the Soviet merchant service possessed 400 coastal-oriented vessels with a total capacity of two million deadweight tons. By 1958, this tonnage had doubled. At the beginning of the 1970s, the Soviets could boast of a relatively young merchant marine fleet having a cargo capacity exceeding thirteen million deadweight tons, which ranked their fleet sixth worldwide in this category. They were approaching the American merchant marine cargo capacity.13
This fleet was vulnerable, and there were times during the Cold War when the allies did consider exploiting this vulnerability. In recent conversation with a retired Royal Navy admiral, it was suggested that I research options considered by the allies to act against Soviet shipping should the Soviets move against West Berlin. Henry Kissinger wrote, in White House Years that one option considered in the wake of the North Vietnamese 1972 spring offensive was to harass Soviet merchant shipping en route to Cuba.14
Admiral Zumwalt noted that although official statements always blamed the Russians, "it took two to play the game."15 Addressing this issue from the Soviet perspective, Admiral Gorshkov explained that under the guise of insuring freedom of the seas, the United States conducted illegal shadowing of cargo ships with warplanes with "intent to intimidate." He wrote that American harassment tactics included obstructing the passage of Soviet ships on the high seas and making threatening use of weapons. In Gorshkov's writings and in numerous Soviet protests, "buzzings" by low-flying American jet aircraft were particularly objectionable.16
Given the Soviet maritime fleet's vulnerability to Western interdiction, this possible motivation certainly warrants consideration. However, there are other plausible explanations.
Over the years, Soviet actions at annual reviews have made it apparent how important the INCSEA bilateral tie has been for the Soviet Navy. This importance was first demonstrated that day in October 1971 when the airplane carrying Navy Undersecretary John Warner and the U.S. delegation landed in Moscow. Speeding from the airport in a motorcade of Zil limousines, the Soviet hosts reassured the visiting Americans that they would not be subjected to the typical hindrances, as this was to be a navy-run affair.
Although the Soviets desired a fixed-distance regime, they were content to sign an accord without that provision. Throughout the years, the Soviet commitment to the INCSEA process has been demonstrated through delegation continuity and a willingness to admit fault in those situations in which Soviet ships violated the agreement. Soviet sensitivity to their obligations under the accord were noted when interference attempts with KAL 007 salvage operations ceased after they were warned to "cut it out."17 A veteran of many annual INCSEA reviews, retired Rear Admiral Ronald Kurth, told me that at the subsequent May 1984 review after KAL 007, the Soviet Navy went the extra mile. He stated:
The Soviets really, really did everything possible to preserve the agreement and reestablish confidence. They handled their conduct in the Sea of Japan very openly and we did indeed reestablish confidence.18
Why this willingness to bend over backwards to negotiate and maintain a bilateral relationship with the United States Navy? Perhaps the Soviet Navy had an organizational versus national motivation for its actions. The Soviet Navy had long been the low man within the Soviet military hierarchy. For the Soviet Navy to be the only military branch to have a bilateral relationship with its American counterpart undoubtedly brought prestige.
If there were internal political motivations, there were also international motivations.
During the 1960s, the aggressive actions of the Soviet fleet contributed to the Kremlin's foreign policy objectives of competing with the United States for influence in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. By challenging Western dominance on the high seas, the Soviets hoped to impress the leaders of the world's non-aligned nations of the viability of socialism. Tactics of task force shadowing and aggressive harassment were accompanied by diplomatic offensives aimed at removing Western naval presence from regions where the Soviets hoped to make diplomatic inroads, such as the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.19
In addition, the Kremlin was extremely sensitive about areas close to the Soviet homeland, such as the Baltic Sea, Black Sea, and the Sea of Japan. In these areas, the clear goal of Soviet harassment was to show extreme displeasure with the Western presence.20
Retired Captain Steve Kime, a former naval attaché to Moscow, who observed the Soviet behavior during this period, provided me with some additional insights. He argued that in that era there were three levels on which a navy could be credible. On the nuclear level and the presence level, the Soviet Navy was credible. During the 1960s, the Soviet Navy did pose a nuclear threat and was a constant presence, especially in the eastern Mediterranean and other waters. However, in spite of the impressive Okean 70 naval exercise involving 200 warships deployed globally, at the conventional warfare level, the Soviet Navy still was not credible. In 1969, British Defense Minister Denis Healy expressed Western confidence by boasting that if general war broke out, Soviet warships would be sunk within minutes.21 Although Healy's claims may have been exaggerated, overall the naval balance still heavily favored the West. Kime speculated that by pressing the United States Navy for some rules and conventions, perhaps even establishing some fixed-distance regimes, the Soviet Navy could achieve the credibility they had previously sought through harassing actions. A bilateral accord forced the United States Navy to treat the Soviet Navy as an equal even though in reality they were not. This bestowed legitimacy enhanced the credibility of the Soviet Navy, as well as the Soviet Union itself, in the eyes of other nations.22
The Obvious
Before I conclude, I do not want to overlook the obvious. In an article in the journal Naval Forces, Rear Admiral Robert Hilton once wrote:
Neither country wants to have its valuable ships damaged by inadvertent or imprudent actions of its naval officers. Neither nation wants an incident to escalate into a governmental confrontation.23
Both sides found the prospects of inadvertent warfare threatening each other's national security very undesirable, especially during an era when the Soviet Union had achieved nuclear parity and desired détente. Naval operations are complex and nerve-wracking, even in times of peace. Tension is only multiplied in times of crisis. With the implementation of the agreement, behavioral norms were established on and over the high seas that provided reassurance for ship commanders.
So what was the Soviet motivation to accept the long-standing U.S. offer to hold safety at sea talks? Was it simply an act to offset embarrassment caused by the Scherrer case? I don't think so. In think the Scherrer case simply provided the Soviets a timing opportunity to accept the American offer to hold talks. I believe the Soviet desire to hold INCSEA negotiations was motivated by the other factors cited: concern about the relative young age of ship commanders, the understanding of the vulnerability of its merchant marine, the desire to elevate the position of the Navy within the Soviet military hierarchy, attempt to enhance the Soviet Navy and the Soviet Union's legitimacy and credibility on the world scene, and finally, a concern for preventing needless injuries and damage and preventing inadvertent combat.
1. The Reminiscences of Vice Admiral Gerald E. Miller, U.S. Navy (Retired) Vol. II, USNI Oral History Program (Annapolis: U.S Naval Institute, 1984), 686-87.
2. The complete text of the English and Russian versions appears in U.S. Department of State, United States Treaties and Other International Agreements, vol. 23 pt. 1, 1972 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973), 1168-80.
3. Elmo R. Zumwalt Jr., On Watch (New York: Quadrangle, 1976), 393.
4. Robert P. Hilton, Sr., "A Confidence-Building-Measure at work: The U.S.-USSR Incidents at Sea Agreement" (a paper presented to the United Nations Seminar on Confidence-Building Measures in the Maritime Domain held at Helsingor, Denmark, June 13-15, 1990), 1.
5. John W. Finney, "A Soviet Warship Bumps U.S. Vessel 2nd Time in 2 Days," New York Times, May 12, 1967, A1.
6. William T. Shinn, "Department of State Memorandum of a Conversation held on August 27, 1970 in the office of Herbert S. Okun between Okun, Shinn, and Igor D. Bubnov." State, FOIA.
7. "AMEMBASSY MOSCOW to SECSTATE WASH DC" 101600Z November 1970, FOIA State.
8. Bernard Gweetzman, "Soviet Passengers and Crew Describe Hijacking, " New York Times, October 18, 1970, A24; Richard Eder, "Turk Radio Says Courts Act to Free 2 Soviet Hijackers," New York Times October 18, 1970, A1.
9. Bernard Gweetzman, "Soviet Bars Immediate 2nd Visit to US Officers as Unneeded," New York Times, October 29, 1970, A1.
10. "Hostages for Highjackers?" Newsweek, November 9, 1970), 37.
11. Events extracted from a series of New York Times, articles written between October 26th and November 10th, 1970.
11. Rear Admiral Ronald Kurth, interview with author on 5 September 1991 at Murray State University Kentucky.
12. Understanding Soviet Developments, 3rd ed. (Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, 1978), 51; Norman Polmar, Soviet Naval Power: Challenge for the 1970s (New York: National Strategy Information Center, Inc 1979), 57.
13. Rear Admiral J.R. Hill. RN (Ret.) interview with author, Bishop's Waltham, England, 3 April 1996; Henry Kissenger, White House Years (Boston, Brown, Little and Company, 1979), 1118.
14. Zumwalt, On Watch, 391.
15. Sergei Gorshkov, Seapower of the State (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979), 51.
16. Sean Lynn-Jones, "Incidents at Sea Agreement," U.S.-Soviet Security Cooperation, Alexander L. George, Philip J. Farley, Alexander Dallin, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 498-99.
17. Kurth interview.
18. Eric Morris, The Russian Navy (Liverpool: Elliot and Yeoman Ltd, 1977), 35-36.
19. Lynn-Jones, 485.
20. David Fairhill, Russian Seapower (Boston: Gambit, Inc., 1971), 219.
21. Dr. Steve Kime interview with author on 12 March 1996 in Washington, DC.
22. Hilton, "The U.S.-Soviet Incidents at Sea Treaty," Naval Forces, 1 (1985): 37.


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Myke Barritt was much more than just a Rawmarsh Masher. Much loved around the Sheffield and Rotherham music scene his untimely death in 2010 left a vacuum in many people's lives.
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Heartwarming end to newspaper story
|Linda Airline checks out her furnace in the basement of the home she rents along Sprague Street in Waterbury. Two Republican-American readers have agreed to help her fill her oil tank this winter. Erin Covey Republican-American
WATERBURY — After Linda Airline shared her difficulty heating her home with readers of Tuesday's Republican-American, two people called her and donated enough money to fill her oil tank for the rest of the winter.
"The tears are just — I can't believe someone would do this for somebody," Airline said.
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geni derouin wrote on Jan 30, 2014 5:12 AM:
" god bless glad you got help "
cecelia wrote on Jan 30, 2014 8:33 AM:
" I question what the ex-husband who is disabled contributes to living in the apartment. what is contributed by the grandchild for living with her grandmother. I question why this woman with her limited income has not sought HUD housing. if she is low income with a child, does she not file income taxes and claim the child and get eaned income credit? I understand this credit results in a sizeable refund that would not only fill the tank this year but perhaps next year also.
I am not against helping people but I do wonder when this article was written I the reporter asked these questions as they were not answered in the article. "
I am not against helping people but I do wonder when this article was written I the reporter asked these questions as they were not answered in the article. "
raycity wrote on Jan 30, 2014 10:54 AM:
" Not to be cold hearted but maybe if you can not afford heat moving south to a warmer place would be the smart thing to do. "
conservative1 wrote on Jan 30, 2014 8:37 PM:
" We'd all like some FREE oil.
Is there no pride left? "
Is there no pride left? "
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