text:
Cambridge University Press, et al v. J.L. Albert, et al
Filing 90
Amicus Brief as of right or by consent of the parties filed by Andrew Pequignot for The Association of Southeastern Research Libraries. Service date: 04/25/2013 US mail - District Judge Evans; Attorney for Amicus Curiae: Aistars; Attorney for Appellants: Bloom, Larson; Attorney for Appellees: Lynn, Moffitt, Volkert, Warenzak; email - Originating Clerk/Ag Hatten; Attorney for Amicus Curium: Dove, Lerner, Rasenberger, Steinman, Tonsager, Wasoff; Attorney for Appellants: Krugman, Rains, Rich, Singer; Attorney for Appellees: Ashby, Askew, Bates, Eskow, Gentry, Harbin, Levie, Miller, Quicker, Schaetzel, Whiting-Pack; Attorney for Not Party: Tenny. (ECF: W. Pequignot)
Case Nos. 12-14676 and 12-15147 (Consolidated Appeals) United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, INC., and SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC., Plaintiffs-Appellants, –v.– MARK P. BECKER, in his official capacity as Georgia State University President, et al., Defendants-Appellees. ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF GEORGIA No. 1:08-CV-1425 (EVANS, J.) BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEASTERN RESEARCH LIBRARIES Andrew Pequignot Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP 1100 Peachtree Street N.E., Suite 2800 Atlanta, Georgia 30309 404-815-6500 Attorney for Amicus Curiae CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS Case Nos. 12-14676 and 12-15147 (Consolidated Appeals) In accordance with Rule 26.1-1 of the Eleventh Circuit Rules, amicus curiae The Association of Southeastern Research Libraries, Inc., by and through its undersigned counsel, certifies that in addition to the persons and entities identified by the parties and their amici curiae, the following persons and entities have an interest in the outcome of this case: The Association of Southeastern Research Libraries, Inc. and its member libraries at the following institutions: Air University Auburn University Clemson University College of William and Mary Duke University East Carolina University Emory University Florida International University Florida State University George Mason University Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia State University CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS Case Nos. 12-14676 and 12-15147 (Consolidated Appeals) (Continued) Johns Hopkins University Louisiana State University Mississippi State University North Carolina State University The Library of Virginia Tulane University University of Alabama University of Alabama-Birmingham University of Central Florida University of Florida University of Georgia University of Kentucky University of Louisville University of Maryland University of Memphis University of Miami University of Mississippi University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS Case Nos. 12-14676 and 12-15147 (Consolidated Appeals) (Continued) University of North Carolina at Charlotte University of North Carolina at Greensboro University of South Carolina University of South Florida University of Tennessee-Knoxville University of Virginia Vanderbilt University Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Wake Forest University CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT In accordance with Rule 26.1 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, amicus curiae The Association of Southeastern Research Libraries, Inc., by and through its undersigned counsel, certifies that it has no parent corporation and that it has not issued any stock. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page IDENTITY AND INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE .............................................. 1 STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES............................................................................... 2 SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ........................................................................ 2 ARGUMENT ............................................................................................................. 3 I. This Court's Ruling Will Have Broad Implications for Libraries in the Eleventh Circuit and Elsewhere Throughout the Southeast. ..................... 3 A. E-Reserves Enhance Teaching at Universities...................................... 3 B. GSU's E-Reserves Practices are Consistent With Other ASERL Libraries. .................................................................................. 6 1. 2. C. Limitations on the Length of E-Reserves Excerpts. .................... 7 Fair-Use Checklists...................................................................... 8 The Licensing Practices of CCC and Publishers Serve as a Significant Impediment to Teaching. .................................................. 10 D. Reversing the District Court's Order Would Harm Education. ............................................................................................ 13 II. The Publisher's Mischaracterize the Law of Fair Use. ................................. 15 A. Libraries Differ from Commercial Copyshops in Important Ways. ................................................................................................... 15 i B. Many Uses of Library E-Reserves are Transformative. ..................... 18 C. Educational Fair Use Extends Beyond Transformative Uses. ............ 20 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 25 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE ....................................................................... 26 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................ 27 ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, No. 11 CV 6351, 2012 WL 4808939 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 10, 2012) ............................6 Basic Books, Inc. v. Kinko's Graphics Corp., 758 F. Supp. 1522 (S.D.N.Y. 1991) .............................................................. 15, 16 Bd. of Educ., Island Trees Union Free Sch. Dist. No. 26 v. Pico, 457 U.S. 853 (1982) .............................................................................................23 Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley Ltd., 448 F.3d 605 (2d Cir. 2006) .................................................................................19 Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569 (1994) ..................................................................................... passim Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) ...................................................................................... 22, 23 Feist Publ'ns, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340 (1991) .............................................................................................22 Golan v. Holder, 132 S. Ct. 873 (2012) ...........................................................................................22 NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Inst., 364 F.3d 471 (2d Cir. 2004) .................................................................................24 iii Princeton University Press v. Michigan Document Services, 99 F.3d 1381 (6th Cir. 1996) ......................................................................... 15, 18 Sony Corp. of Am. v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984) .......................................................................... 16, 17, 20, 21 SunTrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co., 268 F.3d 1257 (11th Cir. 2001) ............................................................................23 Swatch Grp. Mgmt. Servs. Ltd. v. Bloomberg LP, 861 F. Supp. 2d 336 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) ..................................................................21 The Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google Inc., No. 05-cv-8136 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 28, 2008) ...........................................................11 Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken, 422 U.S. 151 (1975) .............................................................................................22 Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States, 487 F.2d 1345, aff'd by equally divided panel, 420 U.S. 376 (1975) ..................17 Statutes 17 U.S.C. § 107 ....................................................................................... 3, 13, 21, 24 Other Authorities David G. Post, The Continuing Saga of Thomas Jefferson and the Internet (October 14, 2011) ..................................................................................23 iv H.R. Rep. No. 1476, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. 66 (1976) ..............................................18 Pierre N. Leval, Toward a Fair Use Standard, 103 Harv. L. Rev. 1105, 1110 (1990)...........................................................................................................22 U.S. Const. Art. I § 8, cl. 8.......................................................................................22 v Amicus curiae The Association of Southeastern Research Libraries, Inc. ("ASERL") respectfully submits this brief in support of Defendants-Appellees Mark P. Becker, in his official capacity as Georgia State University President, et al. (collectively, "GSU") and affirmance of the District Court's decision below finding fair use for the majority of GSU's uses for which Plaintiffs-Appellants (collectively, the "Publishers") established a prima facie case of infringement. IDENTITY AND INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE Amicus curiae ASERL, a Georgia nonprofit association with member libraries at forty institutions throughout the Southeast, is the largest regional research library consortium in the United States. ASERL was founded more than fifty years ago to advance the educational and research success of students and faculty at its member libraries by facilitating the sharing of information, expertise, and technology resources. Among other services offered to its member libraries, ASERL coordinates programs and meetings to keep its member libraries abreast of emerging issues affecting university research libraries and leads discussions on strategies for addressing these issues. ASERL does not typically file amicus briefs (indeed, in its over fifty-year existence, ASERL is not aware of any prior instance where it has submitted or signed onto an amicus brief). This case, however, is far from typical. It involves issues of first impression regarding the scope of fair use in electronic reserves services ("e-reserves") made available to students and faculty at countless university libraries across the country. As discussed infra, most of the ASERL member libraries, fourteen of which reside in states within the Eleventh Circuit (including GSU), offer e-reserves similar to the one offered by GSU that is the subject of this appeal. ASERL has a substantial interest in the outcome of this case because this Court's decision will significantly affect its member libraries' ability to continue offering e-reserves in the future. ASERL believes that e-reserves are a tremendous benefit to students and greatly enhance teaching at universities. ASERL received consent from the parties to file this brief. This brief was not authored in whole or in part by counsel for the parties, and ASERL alone contributed money to fund preparing and submitting this brief. STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES Whether the District Court was correct to find that making short excerpts of copyrighted works available to students on academic library e-reserves for the purpose of facilitating classroom teaching is a fair use. SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT As explained below, library e-reserves benefit academic learning in many irrefutable ways. The Publishers' stance that all but the most minor amount of copying for e-reserves requires a license would, if adopted, mean that many uses of e-reserves would simply disappear, as would the benefits of these uses to teaching. 2 Fortunately for students in higher education, fair use "is not an infringement of copyright," 17 U.S.C. § 107, and does not require a license. The District Court was right to conclude that the vast majority of GSU's unlicensed uses of short excerpts on e-reserves were fair uses. ARGUMENT I. This Court's Ruling Will Have Broad Implications for Libraries in the Eleventh Circuit and Elsewhere Throughout the Southeast. A. E-Reserves Enhance Teaching at Universities. Many ASERL libraries, like GSU, offer e-reserves to their students and faculty. E-reserves provide limited electronic access to materials identified by professors as reading for a particular course. Professors select these materials, often excerpts from books and journals that the library has paid significant sums to include in its collections, because they believe the materials will further learning in the class. As the District Court recognized, e-reserves materials supplement other materials assigned in the class to "provide a fuller, richer course curriculum." (Order with Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law (Dkt#423) at 37.) This enriched curriculum does not come at the expense of textbooks. Whereas textbooks generally cover a broad range of topics at a high level, the excerpts placed on e-reserves primarily are intended to provide students with a deeper perspective on a particular issue. For example, professors often assign these materials because of the way in which an excerpt articulates an argument or 3 demonstrates a concept. Other times the excerpt provides background information that helps students understand the broader context of the lecture. Other times the ereserves materials cover a topic that is too current or controversial to make it into a general-purpose textbook written for a broad audience. And still other times, for example, the professor has a created a unique interdisciplinary course that crosses two divergent subjects (e.g., economics and art history) for which there are no suitable textbooks available. Academic libraries restrict access to e-reserves to prevent use of the materials outside these limited educational purposes. First, access to e-reserves typically is limited to students of the university who are enrolled in the course and who already have access to the same materials through the library. Second, ereserves are password protected with authentication features that meet or exceed industry best practices. Finally, the materials are usually deleted at the end of the semester to prevent other uses of the materials. (Cf. Dkt#423 at 40-41 (describing the access restrictions on GSU's e-reserves).) Print reserves, which have been a mainstay at universities for decades, are the analog equivalent of e-reserves. With print reserves, a photocopy of a journal article or an excerpt from a book is placed at the front desk of the library rather than on e-reserves. Print reserves, however, impose barriers to access that make it less likely that students will read the reserve materials. Students must come to the 4 library and check out the reserve copy at the front desk. Usually the copy can only be checked out for a restricted period of time to allow other students the opportunity to read the reserve material. And students cannot retain a copy to study and annotate unless they create a photocopy of the reserve materials for themselves (which some invariably do). Even though there are limitations to print reserves that make them less desirable to students, print reserves are not even an option for a growing number of distance-learning classes. These students attend class remotely and cannot check a copy out of the library or come to the library to read it. Distance learning opens the door for universities to provide education to an expanded body of students, many of whom would be unable to enroll at these schools because they live in a rural area too far away to attend classes; or because they are working parents who cannot make it to daytime classes; or because they are low-income students who cannot afford a traditional educational experience. E-reserves allow these students to read materials that they would otherwise be able to read if they were a traditional student on campus. Providing electronic access to reserve materials instead of print reserves also has the potential to enhance accessibility to students with print disabilities (who would otherwise be able to access these materials but for their disability). As assistive technology continues to improve and faculty members become more 5 cognizant of the formats that are compatible with these technologies, universities can take a step closer to truly equal access in higher education. See Kathy Konicek, et al., Electronic Reserves:The Promise and Challenge to Increase Accessibility, 21 Library Hi Tech, No. 1, 102 (2003), available at http://www.uvm.edu/~bnelson/ computer/accessibility/electronicreserveaccessibility.pdf; cf. Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, No. 11 CV 6351, 2012 WL 4808939, at *12 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 10, 2012) (noting that university libraries' "use of digital copies to facilitate access for printdisabled persons is [a] transformative [fair use]"). B. GSU's E-Reserves Practices are Consistent With Other ASERL Libraries. GSU's e-reserves policy is based upon the copyright policy developed by the University System of Georgia (the "USG Copyright Policy"), which also governs e-reserves of ASERL member libraries at the University of Georgia and The Georgia Institute of Technology (among other schools). Since this case was first filed, the Publishers have repeatedly suggested that GSU's e-reserves practices and the USG Copyright Policy are outliers among major universities. In fact, the USG Copyright Policy and GSU's implementation of this policy are consistent with the practices at most other university libraries, including ASERL member libraries in the Eleventh Circuit and throughout the Southeast. The District Court's findings of fact outline the various components of the USG Copyright Policy (see Dkt#423 at 38-41), and each component is an 6 important factor in determining that GSU's uses are fair uses and were made in good faith. Without diminishing the importance of these other features of the USG Copyright Policy (e.g., limiting access to students in the class and posting copyright warnings to students who access e-reserves), which are largely consistent across universities, ASERL would like to highlight two components of the USG Copyright Policy and its implementation in particular for purposes of comparison. First, the District Court found that the average length of the excerpts at issue in the case, which were made under the USG Copyright Policy, was approximately 10% of the source work. (Dkt#423 at 66.) Second, the USG Copyright Policy incorporates a "fair-use checklist" that allows professors to individually assess fair use based on a particular use. Both elements of the USG Copyright Policy and its implementation have been criticized by the Publishers but are entirely consistent with practices of other universities in general, and of ASERL libraries in particular. 1. Limitations on the Length of E-Reserves Excerpts. GSU's implementation of the USG Copyright Policy to allow copying of 10% of the work comports with the typical amount allowed by other universities in their e-reserves policies. An independent study cited by GSU's expert, Dr. Kenneth Crews, in his expert report submitted to the District Court found that 80% of the libraries surveyed used some form of a quantity limit in their copyright policy. (Dkt#104-1 at 29 (citing Thomas H.P. Gould, et al., Copyright Policies and the 7 Deciphering of Fair Use in the Creation of Reserves at University Libraries, 31 Journal of Academic Librarianship 182 (May 2005)).) Where this limit was expressed as a percentage of the work, the percentage ranged from 10% to 25%. This is similar to ASERL's own findings. In informal polling, ASERL found that none of the member libraries it contacted had a fair-use policy that limited ereserves to less than 10% of the work or one chapter. This also is consistent with ASERL's polling of research libraries nationwide, which similarly report policies that are no more restrictive than 10% of the work or one chapter. ASERL is not aware of any university that has expanded the scope of permissible use in response to the District Court's decision. On the other hand, several universities have indicated that they have modified their policy to be more restrictive in response to the District Court's decision. 2. Fair-Use Checklists. A "fair-use checklist" also is a common component of library e-reserves policies. The purpose of a "fair-use checklist" is to allow professors to evaluate the factors that weigh for and against fair use. The instructions for the checklist often emphasize, consistent with fair-use case law, that no single factor is determinative and refer professors to various resources that can assist them with their understanding of fair use. (See Dkt#423 at 39 (explaining the operation of the checklist incorporated as part of the USG Copyright Policy).) 8 Many ASERL libraries, like GSU, incorporate a "fair-use checklist" as part of their copyright policy to assist instructors with making fair use determinations. For example, Duke University uses a checklist (available at http://www.library. duke.edu/about/depts/scholcomm/copyright-and-fair-use.pdf) that incorporates many of the same elements contained in the checklist used by GSU. The checklists adopted by the university libraries at Florida State University (available at http:// guides.lib.fsu.edu/content.php?pid=73946&sid=558766), University of TennesseeKnoxville (available at http://www.lib.utk.edu/copyright/fairuse.html), and Louisiana State University (available at http://www.lib.lsu.edu/admin/copyright/ checklist.html), are only a handful of other published examples of checklists at ASERL libraries. Although the Publishers criticize the use of a checklist, their central licensing arm, the Copyright Clearance Center ("CCC"), which is funding fifty percent of this litigation, in fact previously endorsed the use of a similar checklist and it still is available on CCC's website, http://www.copyright.com/Services/ copyrightoncampus/basics/fairuse_list.html. Although CCC has since abandoned the checklist, it obviously recognized at the time that the checklist can be an effective tool for allowing professors to make reasoned judgments about fair use. 9 C. The Licensing Practices of CCC and Publishers Serve as a Significant Impediment to Teaching. The Publishers paint the picture that there is a one-size-fits-all license that would have allowed GSU to make all of the excerpts on its e-reserves available to its students. That is simply not true. There are a variety of limitations in the licenses offered by CCC and individual publishers that restrict, or in some cases prevent, teachers from using materials for their classes. First, while CCC provides an efficient (but often expensive) licensing solution for some works, CCC does not license all of the works that a teacher might want to use on e-reserves. For example, Plaintiff Cambridge University Press admitted that it only allows CCC to license a portion of its books. (Trial Test. of Frank Smith, Director of Digital Publ'g Global of Cambridge Univ. Press (Dkt#399, Tr.1/69:25-70:11).) In these instances, without fair use, the university is required to seek a license directly from the individual publisher. Sometimes the current rights holder cannot be located or does not respond; sometimes ownership is divided or unclear; and sometimes a license is simply denied. Even when there is a clear rights holder willing to extend a limited license for educational use, the significant time and expense of negotiating and securing a license directly from a publisher often results in the faculty member not using the material. An instructor may approach the course-reserves department a month or longer before materials are needed in a particular class only to find out that there 10 still is insufficient time to secure a license because a publisher has failed to respond promptly to requests for permission. If the students in the class are fortunate, the instructor will still be able to find substitute materials. But often in these situations, students are deprived altogether of materials that could further their education. In other instances, the publisher quotes an exorbitant fee. For example, one ASERL member library relayed a situation where a professor wanted to use less than 25% of a book in his class of 25 students. The publisher quoted permission fees for one semester of more than $4,000, or more than $160 per student. It is likely that the school could have purchased each student a copy of the book for less than the permission fees, except for the fact that the book was out of print and unavailable for purchase. Indeed, if a book is out of print—The Authors Guild, a professional society that represents thousands of book authors, estimates that "75% of the Books in United States libraries are out-of-print and have ceased earning any income," Mem. of Law in Supp. of Pls.' Mot. For Prelim. Settlement Approval at 27, The Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google Inc., No. 05-cv-8136 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 28, 2008)—the only real option is e-reserves. If the cost is prohibitive, the instructor will simply not use the materials. Even for those works licensable for some uses by CCC, many are not licensable for e-reserves because the publisher that controls the rights refuses to 11 license digital uses. (See Dkt#423 at 25 (noting that only 12% of the works that were available on a per-use basis were available for license in digital format).) As a result, the many benefits of e-reserves to students are only available because the teacher exercises the right of fair use. In other instances, the publisher has refused to license enough content to be of use. For example, even though an instructor or the university may be willing to pay a per-page rate for 25% of the book, the publisher may not be willing to license more than 15%. As a result, the professor is forced to modify the lecture or find substitute materials.1 CCC licenses, which are offered on a per-use and an annual basis, also do not completely overlap. For example, a particular work that is licensed on a per-use basis might not be included in the annual license, and vice versa. As a result, a library would need to secure both types of licenses just to cover the works CCC has the right to license. These licenses also do not account for a library's existing subscriptions that may already license the use for e-reserves and do not account for fair uses, which obviously do not require a license. (See Dkt#423 at 30 (noting that "the licensing fees do not take fair use into account" and "CCC does not furnish 1 These limitations are consistent with the District Court's finding that "[t]he lesser availability of digital excerpts is attributable to the following: (1) some publishers are concerned that they may not have the right to authorize distribution in digital as opposed to print format; (2) some publishers are reluctant to place digital copies of their works in the stream of commerce; and (3) sometimes publishers, for whatever reason, simply prefer limiting sales to the whole book." (Dkt#423 at 28-29.) 12 advice to users concerning whether a particular use is a fair use.").) As a result, universities end up paying more than they should for permissions fees. D. Reversing the District Court's Order Would Harm Education. The Publishers argue that e-reserves excerpts should be limited to 1,000 words (or approximately, two or three pages), but the District Court properly recognized that the Publishers' approach is "so restrictive [it] undermines the teaching objective favored by § 107." (Dkt#423 at 71.) Indeed, a ruling in favor of the Publishers requiring a license for virtually any use on e-reserves would require each of these institutions to abandon their current educational practices, turning instead to one of several equally unacceptable alternatives. First, ASERL believes some schools would shut down their e-reserves altogether, particularly smaller institutions that are even more cash-strapped than larger universities. In some cases, this will simply mean that professors using ereserves will go back to using print reserves, and the limits that accompany that format. Namely, students will be forced to wait in line for a reserve copy because it has been checked out by another student and, when it reaches their turn, they will need to photocopy the reserve material if they want to be able to refer to it in class. Unfortunately, some percentage of students would simply find the hassle too great to read the print-reserve materials and would forego reading the materials 13 completely. And as noted above, distance-learning students would not even have that choice because they are not on campus to check out print-reserve materials. Second, ASERL can foresee some schools might try to impose a new acrossthe-board fee for access to e-reserves, further adding to the escalating costs of higher education. This clearly is the preferred result of the Publishers. But as GSU pointed out below, GSU requires approval from both students and faculty to increase student fees. (Trial Test. of Nancy Seamans, Dean of Libraries at Georgia State University (Dkt#395, Tr.12/150:3-14).) This is consistent with other ASERL member libraries. For example, in the state university system of Florida, "[t]he Board of Governors must authorize all fees assessed to students." Board of Governors Regulation 7.003(1), available at http://www.flbog.edu/documents_ regulations/regulations/7-003Fees-fines-penaltiesregulationFINAL11-08-12.pdf. As the District Court noted, on the other hand, "[i]f individual students had to pay the cost of excerpts, the total of all permissions payments could be significant for an individual student of modest means" (Dkt#423 at 33), especially in view of the rising costs of textbooks, see http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/ 01/why-are-college-textbooks-so-absurdly-expensive/266801/. Third, if the District Court's decision is reversed or meaningfully limited, some schools would be forced to use money from their book-acquisition budgets to pay for new licenses. This reallocation of limited resources away from new 14 educational content toward legacy collections hardly serves to incentivize the creation of new works, one of the purposes of copyright. On the other hand, as the District Court determined based on the evidence at trial, "[t]here is no reason to believe that allowing unpaid, nonprofit academic use of small excerpts in controlled circumstances would diminish creation of academic works." (Dkt#423 at 82.) Finally, the most likely result would be that many professors would simply stop using these materials in class, in which case students will lose out on the "fuller, richer course curriculum" that these materials could have provided. II. The Publisher's Mischaracterize the Law of Fair Use. GSU has addressed the Publishers' misstatements of fair use in its response brief, and ASERL will not readdress most of them here. There are, however, a couple issues that are particularly important to ASERL's member libraries that ASERL would like to touch on briefly. A. Libraries Differ from Commercial Copyshops in Important Ways. The Publishers rely extensively upon two cases from the 1990s, Basic Books, Inc. v. Kinko's Graphics Corp., 758 F. Supp. 1522 (S.D.N.Y. 1991) and Princeton University Press v. Michigan Document Services, 99 F.3d 1381 (6th Cir. 1996), to justify their restrictive view of fair use. (Appellants' Br. at 14, 44-46.) The District Court correctly held that Basic Books and Princeton University Press 15 are readily distinguishable from GSU's e-reserves practices and those of other ASERL libraries because the commercial nature and purpose of the defendants' uses in those cases are entirely different than the nonprofit educational purposes of library e-reserves. (Dkt#423 at 49.) In Basic Books, the defendant Kinko's was a commercial copyshop that printed and sold "coursepacks" to students for profit. Coursepacks are a collection of excerpts that are bound together into a single volume. With this business model, it is possible for the costs of labor and materials and the licensing fees to be absorbed by the copyshop and passed on to students in the price of the coursepack. At the time of the lawsuit, there were 200 Kinko's stores nationwide that offered these coursepack services. Basic Books, 758 F. Supp. at 1534. The court held that the first factor, the purpose and character of the use, weighed "strongly in favor" of the publishers because of Kinko's commercial purpose. Id. at 1532. The commercial nature of Kinko's business was so predominant that the court tacked it on again as an "important additional factor" in its fair-use analysis. Id. at 1534. Although not explicit in the court's decision, it appears that the court also applied a "presumption" that commercial uses are unfair, see id. at 1530 (citing Sony Corp. of Am. v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, 451 (1984)), a presumption 16 that the Supreme Court has since rejected, see Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569, 583-85 (1994).2 The court in Basic Books specifically noted that "[t]his commercial copying can be contrasted to library copying," citing Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States, 487 F.2d 1345, aff'd by equally divided panel, 420 U.S. 376 (1975). Id. at 1536. In Williams & Wilkins, the library at the National Institute of Health ("NIH") copied portions of journal articles to which it had subscriptions for its' researchers' personal use. In determining that this copying was fair use, the court emphasized the purely noncommercial and educational nature of the use: On both sides–library and requester–scientific progress, untainted by any commercial gain from the reproduction, is the hallmark of the whole enterprise of duplication. There has been no attempt to misappropriate the work of earlier scientific writers for forbidden ends, but rather an effort to gain easier access to the material for study and research. This is important because it is settled that, in general, the law gives copying for scientific purposes a wide scope. Id. at 1354 (citations omitted).3 By citing Williams & Wilkins, the court in Basic Books was acknowledging that the copying done by libraries was distinguishable from the copying done by commercial copyshops. 2 Campbell's rejection of an evidentiary presumption was limited to commercial uses, see Campbell, 510 U.S. at 591 (noting that the lower court had applied "a presumption about the effect of commercial use, a presumption which as applied here we hold to be error"), and thus did not upset Sony's directive that copyright holders must show a "meaningful likelihood of future harm" under the fourth factor for non-commercial uses, Sony, 464 U.S. at 449. 17 The commercial nature of the copying by the copyshop in Princeton University Press, which the court noted "was performed on a profit-making basis by a commercial enterprise," 99 F.3d at 1389, similarly distinguishes that case from the facts here. And like Basic Books, the court held that the defendants had a burden to rebut "a presumption of unfairness" because the uses were commercial, id. at 1386, which again is no longer good law after Campbell. Even though the court went on to note that the publishers had satisfied their burden irrespective of a presumption against the copyshop, it is nonetheless evident that the commercial nature of the copyshop heavily influenced the court's decision. The court explicitly did not reach the issue of copying by nonprofit libraries. Id. at 1389. Because library e-reserves are for nonprofit, educational purposes, Basic Books and Princeton University Press are inapposite. B. Many Uses of Library E-Reserves are Transformative. The District Court determined that the particular uses by GSU at issue in this case were not transformative. (Dkt#423 at 49.) Whether or not the District Court's finding on this point was correct,4 this Court should not extend this conclusion to 3 Although this case was decided under common-law fair use that governed the 1909 Copyright Act, the predecessor to the current Act, the statutory recognition of fair use in Section 107 of the Copyright Act did not "change, narrow, or enlarge it in any way." H.R. Rep. No. 1476, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. 66 (1976). 4 ASERL takes no position on whether this aspect of the District Court's opinion was supported by the evidence. 18 all uses of library e-reserves. Many uses of library e-reserves, in fact, are transformative. A "transformative use" is one that "adds something new, with a further purpose or different character, altering the first with new expression, meaning, or message." Campbell, 510 U.S. at 579 (citation omitted). Recent decisions have focused on whether the new use is for a "different purpose," irrespective of whether any changes have been made to the work itself. See, e.g., Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley Ltd., 448 F.3d 605, 608-11 (2d Cir. 2006). There are many uses of e-reserves that serve a very different purpose than the original work and thus are plainly transformative. For example: • A professor at Emory University's medical school might use an excerpt from a book detailing the well-accepted (at the time) need for radical mastectomies in all cases of malignant breast cancer not for the original purpose of conveying information about the standard procedure for this diagnosis, which has since largely been abandoned, but rather for the different purpose of demonstrating how mistakes were made by doctors in recommending this procedure. • A writing instructor at The University of Alabama might assign an excerpt from a book on politics in the South not for the original purpose of conveying information about this topic but for the different purpose of demonstrating writing techniques in non-fiction writing. 19 • An art history teacher at the University of Florida might use an excerpt from a book criticizing hyperrealism as a genre of painting not for the purpose of condoning the author's views but instead for the purpose of rebuking them by analogizing to early disparagement of impressionism. • A psychology professor at Auburn University might assign an excerpt on the history of the civil rights movement by an author from Alabama and a similar excerpt by an author from New York not for the original purpose of conveying "facts" about these events but rather for the different purpose of discussing possible writer bias in the differing accounts of the events. Of course, these are only a handful of countless possible examples of transformative uses of library e-reserves. A ruling by this Court that prohibits less transformative uses could have a chilling effect on these transformative uses and others. Some professors would err on the side of seeking a license and forego using the materials if the publisher cannot be reached or the cost is prohibitive. Some professors would stop using e-reserves altogether for fear of making an incorrect assessment of fair use. And some schools may shut down their e-reserves, making it more difficult for these transformative uses to take place. C. Educational Fair Use Extends Beyond Transformative Uses. Even if particular uses of library e-reserves are not transformative, they still are fair uses. Appellants stridently argue that factor one—the purpose and 20 character of the use—cannot favor fair use in this case because GSU's uses are not transformative. (Appellants' Br. at 49-55.) But while transformative use has proven determinative in many cases (largely involving commercial actors), the Supreme Court in Campbell made clear that transformative use is not "necessary for a finding of fair use." Campbell, 510 U.S. at 579. And the Supreme Court in Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984), similarly recognized that a first-factor label (there "productive" use) "may be helpful in calibrating the balance, but it cannot be wholly determinative."5 Id. at 455 n.40. In Sony, for example, the Supreme Court held that private copying of television broadcasts to view at a later time (i.e., "time shifting") was a fair use even though the copyrighted works were being used for the identical, expressive purpose. Id. at 447-55; see also Swatch Grp. Mgmt. Servs. Ltd. v. Bloomberg LP, 861 F. Supp. 2d 336, 340-41 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) (posting full versions of earnings calls, while not transformative, was nonetheless a fair use because it advanced the public interest of disseminating financial news). Likewise, the preamble of Section 107, 17 U.S.C. § 107, illustrates the types of uses courts traditionally deemed fair uses, and includes, perfectly matching GSU's uses here, an "obvious statutory 5 The Court in Sony was discussing the lower court's overemphasis on productive uses. The concept of productive use, which was applied by courts prior to Campbell, is similar (if not the same) as transformative use. 21 exception to this focus on transformative uses [:] the straight reproduction of multiple copies for classroom distribution." Campbell, 510 U.S. 579 n.11. The transformative-use requirement the Publishers seek to impose on educational uses stems from a misguided and unduly restrictive view of fair use. Fair use is not a rarely-used "exception" to a copyright holder's rights (Appellants' Br. at 37) that should only be applied "on occasion" (id. at 42). Rather, fair use is viewed by courts as "necessary to fulfill copyright's very purpose." Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569, 575 (1994). Indeed, courts and commentators alike have recognized that fair use "should not be considered a bizarre, occasionally tolerated departure from the grand conception of the copyright monopoly." Pierre N. Leval, Toward a Fair Use Standard, 103 Harv. L. Rev. 1105, 1110 (1990). Fair use is necessary, in part, because "[t]he primary objective of copyright is not to reward the labor of authors, but '[t]o promote the Progress of Science . . . .'" Feist Publ'ns, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340, 349 (1991) (quoting U.S. Const. Art. I § 8, cl. 8). And for this reason, following direction from Article III of the Constitution, the District Court was correct to apply fair use "in a way that promotes the dissemination of knowledge, and not simply its creation." (Dkt#423 at 83.) See Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken, 422 U.S. 151, 156 (1975) ("[P]rivate motivation must ultimately serve the cause of promoting broad 22 public availability of literature, music, and the other arts.") (emphasis added and footnote omitted). Another reason fair use cannot be viewed as an ordinary "exception" to copyright holders' rights is because fair use serves as one of copyright law's "builtin First Amendment accommodations." Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186, 219 (2003); see also Golan v. Holder, 132 S. Ct. 873, 890 (2012). As a result, courts must remain cognizant of the First Amendment implications of any restriction on a particular use.6 See Eldred, 537 U.S. at 221 n.24 ("[I]t is appropriate to construe copyright's internal safeguards to accommodate First Amendment concerns."); SunTrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co., 268 F.3d 1257, 1265 (11th Cir. 2001) (considering First Amendment implications of the use in the fair use analysis). The First Amendment guards not only speech critical of a particular work but also the 6 As one commentator has noted: Copyright . . . doesn't come from the laws of nature, it comes from the laws of man. It is not, like freedom of expression, antecedent to the law, but entirely dependent on it. . . . [This] means that when these two great forces come into conflict with one another . . . we know where we stand. We have our thumb on the scales on the side of free speech; we need to be vigilant and alert to circumstances where copyright law is not serving the cause of free expression, where it is interfering with our right to speak and communicate with one another, and we need to adjust it accordingly. David G. Post, The Continuing Saga of Thomas Jefferson and the Internet (October 14, 2011). 23 right to receive ideas, a necessary predicate to free speech. See Bd. of Educ., Island Trees Union Free Sch. Dist. No. 26 v. Pico, 457 U.S. 853, 867 (1982). Fair use can serve its First Amendment function and further the purposes of copyright law regardless of whether the uses on library e-reserves are transformative. These uses are favored examples in the preamble: "criticism," "comment," "teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use)," and "scholarship." A preamble purpose by itself can tilt factor one in favor of fair use. See NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Inst., 364 F.3d 471, 477 (2d Cir. 2004) ("Where the defendants' use is for the purposes of 'criticism, comment . . . scholarship, or research,' 17 U.S.C. § 107, factor one will normally tilt in the defendants' favor."); cf. Campbell, 510 U.S. at 578-79 (noting that these examples "guide" the firstfactor analysis). The fact that library e-reserves also are for "nonprofit educational purposes," which are juxtaposed with commercial purposes in Section 107, further supports a finding of fair use under factor one. The District Court therefore was correct to hold: "Because the facts of this case so clearly meet the criteria of (1) the preamble to fair use factor one, (2) factor one itself, and because (3) Georgia State is a nonprofit educational institution, factor one strongly favors [GSU]." (Dkt#423 at 50.) 24 CONCLUSION The District Court below struck the appropriate balance between incentivizing authors to create new works and the ultimate objective of copyright law to promote the Progress of Science by enabling uses that benefit teaching and the public. ASERL respectfully submits that the District Court's well-reasoned decision on fair use should be affirmed. Dated: April 25, 2013 Atlanta, Georgia Respectfully submitted, /s/ Andrew Pequignot Andrew Pequignot KILPATRICK TOWNSEND & STOCKTON LLP 1100 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 2800 Atlanta, Georgia 30309-4530 (404) 815-6500 Attorney for Amicus Curiae The Association of Southeastern Research Libraries, Inc. 25 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE I certify that this brief complies with the type-volume limitation of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(7)(B). This brief contains 6250 words, excluding the parts of the brief exempted by Fed. R. Civ. P. 32(a)(7)(B)(iii) and 11th Cir. R. 32-4. I also certify that this brief complies with the typeface requirements of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(5) and the typestyle requirements of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(6). This brief was prepared in a proportionally-spaced typeface using Microsoft Word in 14-point Times New Roman. Dated: April 25, 2013 /s/ Andrew Pequignot Andrew Pequignot Attorney for Amicus Curiae The Association of Southeastern Research Libraries, Inc. 26 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I certify that the foregoing Brief of Amicus Curiae Association of Southeastern Research Libraries, Inc. was served by electronic service upon the following: R. Bruce Rich Randi W. Singer Jonathan Bloom Lisa R. Eskow Todd Larson Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP 767 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10153 John W. Harbin, Esq. Natasha H. Moffitt, Esq. Mary Katherine Bates, Esq. King & Spalding LLP 1180 Peachtree Street Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Katrina M. Quicker, Esq. Richard W. Miller, Esq. Ballard Spahr, LLP 999 Peachtree Street, Suite 1000 Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Edward B. Krugman John H. Rains IV Bondurant, Mixson & Elmore, LLP 1201 W. Peachtree Street, Suite 3900 Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Anthony B. Askew, Esq. Stephen M. Schaetzel, Esq. McKeon, Meunier, Carlin & Curfman, LLC 817 W. Peachtree Street, Suite 900 Atlanta, Georgia 30308 Mary Jo Volkert, Esq. Assistant State Attorney General 40 Capitol Square Atlanta, Georgia 30334 I also certify that seven copies of the brief were mailed to the clerk by firstclass mail, postage prepaid. Dated: April 25, 2013 /s/ Andrew Pequignot Andrew Pequignot Attorney for Amicus Curiae The Association of Southeastern Research Libraries, Inc. 27


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New world order
- EM Orr, his partners and former associates stand to make about $100 million in fees from a municipal bankruptcy and have billed Detroit $1.4 million for six weeks of work.
- A mayoral candidate leading a write-in campaign has received the endorsement of the Detroit Regional Chamber and tons of media coverage.
- Despite charter requirements, the same council members who brought in the consent agreement, the EM and Jones Day, skipped the legitimate candidate for council president pro tem, Brenda Jones, and voted for Andre Spivey to fill the pro tem seat.
- Voting irregularities were found when people were registered with addresses at federal buildings.
- Desperately needed city funds are being used to help City Clerk Janice Winfrey fight to save her job in a court battle to keep D. Etta Wilcoxon, a candidate for city clerk, off the ballot when the issues are the same that led the clerk to leave Duggan on the ballot. When it's Duggan, the clerk says leave him on and let the voters decide; when it's her, the clerk decides and removes her challenger from the ballot.
- The police and fire unions are contemplating getting a 2012 judgment enforced to make the city pay the remaining $29.8 million it owes for missed pension payments. The judgment was issued in July last year. It ordered the city to pay just over $50 million by the end of June 2013. Pension fund officials say the city still owes. EM Orr says he won't pay.
- Former Democratic gubernatorial candidate and Snyder appointee Andy Dillon, following a stint in rehab for alcoholism, has had his paycheck garnished for failing to pay $5,000 in child and spousal support after his divorce three months ago. While under the influence of alcohol and in the duress of domestic troubles, Dillon recommended appointment of emergency management over 50 percent of the state's Black cities.
- Highland Park Emergency Manager Donald Weatherspoon can throw away a historic Black History collection, sell off school property for pennies on the dollar and hire for-profit failing charter corporations.
- EM Orr, with the stroke of a pen, singlehandedly undermined hundreds of hours of work on the Detroit City Charter when he ordered City Council not to fill the three vacated council seats.
- Underlying it all is Gov. Snyder's usurpation of the Constitution. Snyder signed a new EM law that was rammed through the legislature in a lame-duck session, ignoring the vote of Michiganders, disenfranchising the majority of the state's Black populace and unseating 75 percent of Michigan's Black elected officials.
This is our reality under emergency management — a new world order.

subset: commoncrawl


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Past Events
Stay connected by
attending our events.
The Evolving Pillars of Relationships: A Panel Discussion (+)
Vancouver Campus, Community Room
Please join us for an in-depth panel discussion with three specialists who have been enormously successful in their fields. For more information and to RSVP, email Stephanie Haslam.
Dr. Teesha Morgan is a well known, highly trained, and experienced Couples Counsellor and Sex Therapist. Her honesty, insight, and unique academic background have helped to transform the lives of countless men and women. Through the use of cognitive-behavioural techniques and effective communication strategies, she believes that anyone is able to achieve the kind of deep relationship connection, and sexual satisfaction, that they have always imagined. More information about Dr. Morgan can be found on her website.
Jo-Anne Weiler MA, RFMT, RCC, is a registered clinical member of the BC Marriage & Family Association, the American Association of Marriage & Family Therapy & the B.C. Association of Clinical Counselors and has 35 years of experience working in the area of health care, family development, and family life transition. She is a Certified Professional co-Active Coach and is trained in Bowen Family Systems Therapy, Gestalt Therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, Existential Therapy, and Imago Couples Therapy. More information about Jo-Anne can be found on her website.
Joe Ramirez MCP, CAC, CCC, is a psychotherapist and has a private practice in downtown Vancouver providing couples counselling and longer-term individual counselling. He specializes in working with men's sexual health and identity; LGBTQ identity, relationships, and parenting; as well as Latin-Canadian cross-cultural relationships. He has worked with Options for Sexual Health, the Justice Institute of BC and the BC Society for Male Survivors of Sexual Assault, and currently volunteers at, both, the Health Initiative for Men providing brief counselling, and the Adlerian Psychology Association of BC as a director. Joe's breadth of cultural perspectives and natural use of Adlerian skills is the base other theoretic skills are used, and which relationships are restored regardless of orientation or identity. More information about Joe can be found on his website.
ASATSA Mentor/Mentee Kick-Off Bash (+)
Chicago Campus, Rm 16-118
First and second year art therapy students involved in a mentor/mentee program will be meeting at this time. There will also be an icebreaker activity and speakers from IATA. Speakers include alumni of the art therapy program: Melissa Hedlund and Liz Gardner.
To RSVP, please email the Adler School Art Therapy Student Association
Information Session: All Programs (+)
Chicago Campus
The Office of Admissions invites you to join us for an Information Session! At an Information Session, you will meet one of our Admissions Counselors and receive a tour of the campus. Following the tour, Admissions Counselors will review program information and answer questions for those who are interested. Tours will begin promptly at 2:00pm, so please allow plenty of time to arrive to campus.
RSVP here or email email@example.com.
Leadership Nightmare: Live Business Theatre (+)
Chicago Campus, Community Hall
Bored with talking heads? Unhappy with disengaged participants? Yearning for learners to "Walk the Talk"? Frustrated with the lack of skill application? Tired of classroom limitations?
Join The PowerSuasion Players & the Adler School Master of Arts in Counseling and Organizational Psychology program as they present Leadership Nightmare. Come see the POWER of LIVE business theater. The story includes an introduction, presentation, discussion, and audience participation.
This event is free, but registration is required. Networking takes place from 1:30-2 p.m. The performance will take place from 2-4 p.m.
The Story:
Tom, a stickler for details, manages Diane, who wants to prove that she can work independently and do the job. Tom assigns her a new project: to arrange the marketing conference. Excited and enthusiastic, Diane goes to work, but finds that her boss's management style creates problems for her.
Meanwhile, Diane's colleague, Bill, has Phyllis, his manager, to contend with. Phyllis sees herself as an empowering manager practicing the latest in managerial styles. Overwhelmed by Phyllis's enthusiasm, Bill struggles to steer a path while making sure that his own nightmare doesn't come true. As tensions mount, Tom and Diane finally confront each other, only to discover a new understanding.
For more information contact Suellen Burton 773.294.4410 or Karolus Smejda 312.371.7088.
Maximizing Results and Engagement in the Workplace: Online Open House (+)
Please join us to learn more about the Master of Arts in Industrial and Organizational Psychology program at the Adler School of Professional Psychology.
Dr. Michelle Dennis, Program Director, will discuss curriculum, program format, potential professions and how a master's degree in Industrial and Organizational Psychology from the Adler School can help professionals develop the skills necessary to be a positive agent of change within an organization.
Common Hour: Pilsen and Little Village Health Impact Assessment (+)
Chicago Campus, Community Hall
The Institute on Social Exclusion (ISE) will host a program to inform the Adler community about their work for the past year in Pilsen and Little Village. During this event, the ISE will discuss our findings and the health impacts of increased access to open space in Pilsen and Little Village, specifically around the Fisk and Crawford coal plants that closed in 2012. Come and join in on the conversation of how the ISE was able to receive input from community residents that are typically excluded from the decision making process. Refreshments will be provided.
Can't attend? Join us online for this event by clicking here.
Online Information Session: Vancouver (+)
Join us for our online information session. Learn about our Vancouver Campus programs: the Doctor in Psychology in Clinical Psychology (Psy. D.), the M.A. in Counselling Psychology (MAC), Master of Counselling Psychology (non-thesis MCP), Master of Counselling Psychology: Art Therapy (MCP:AT), and M.A. in Organizational Psychology (MAOP). This is a great opportunity for our local and out-of-town prospective students to learn about our programs and get answers to your questions.
The event will be hosted by Yubai Liu, Admissions Advisor at the Adler School.
RSVP is requested. Register here.
Open House: Chicago (+)
Chicago Campus
Our Open Houses are a great opportunity to meet with our core faculty to ask them questions directly about the programs we offer. In addition, you will hear from integral campus services such as Admissions, Adler Institutes, Financial Aid, and Student Affairs.
Open House Agenda:
Check-in: 10:00am - 10:30am
Speakers: 10:30am - 11:00am
Tours of Campus: 11:00am - 11:30am
Open House with Core Faculty: 11:30am - 12:30pm
RSVP here or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Yoga (+)
Chicago Campus, Wellness Room
Leilanii Mesa is a registered yoga teacher, who has studied the practice for 10 years. She enjoys sharing her spiritual, mental and physical transformation with participants. Leilanii uses a gentle yet invigorating approach to relax the mind and body, as well as strengthen the body.
Yoga will be held in the Wellness Room on the 16th floor. This event is open to all students, faculty, and staff.
Information Session: All Programs (+)
Chicago Campus
The Office of Admissions invites you to join us for an Information Session! At an Information Session, you will meet one of our Admissions Counselors and receive a tour of the campus. Following the tour, Admissions Counselors will review program information and answer questions for those who are interested. Tours will begin promptly at 2:00pm, so please allow plenty of time to arrive to campus.
RSVP here or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Taoist Tai Chi: An Introductory Class (+)
Vancouver Campus, 12th Floor
Offered by the Taoist Tai Chi Society of Canada – Pacific Region, Taoist Tai Chi is a great way to reduce stress, increase strength and flexibility and improve circulation, balance and posture.
This class is free. RSVP is required to firstname.lastname@example.com by Monday Sept. 15
The Taoist Tai Chi Society is a volunteer run, registered charitable organization that offers instruction in Taoist Tai Chi™ internal arts, which includes a 108-move Tai Chi set and other related internal arts.
Taoist Tai Chi™ internal arts are specifically aimed at cultivating health and vitality and were developed by Master Moy Lin-shin, a Taoist monk. Master Moy synthesized the wisdom he learned during more than 50 years of training in meditation, qigong, Tai Chi and other arts into the practices taught by the Society and its sister organizations.
Fung Loy Kok Taoist Tai Chi was founded in Toronto in 1970, with the first classes in British Columbia taking place in 1976. In the Pacific Region, they have now grown to include communities across the province, including the Lower Mainland, Vancouver Island and many parts of the interior.
Art for Global Health: (+)
Chicago Campus
The Institute on Social Exclusion (ISE) is collaborating with Northwestern University School of Medicine, Project Cure, and the Chicago Global Health Alliance toward building a partnership with mental and physical health providers in Liberia, West Africa.
Our mental health and medical team will be part of a select group of academic/clinical professionals that are building capacity within Liberia, which will ensure the sustainability of their physical and mental health care system. Our efforts are timely as Liberia is one of the African countries that is dealing with the Ebola outbreak, as this has exposed the gaps in the current health care system. The ISE is leading the mental health assessment phase of the project, and we are using this to inform development of a global framework for population mental health.
Come enjoy a cocktail, art from nationally recognized and local artists, music and great company. There will be a silent auction, a live auction, and raffle to benefit our work in Liberia. Tickets cost $50 and can be purchased online. To purchase ticekts or donate, visit http://chiglobalhealth.com/gala/.
Proceeds support Liberia's medical & psychological care.
Information Session: All Programs (+)
Chicago Campus
The Office of Admissions invites you to join us for an Information Session! At an Information Session, you will meet one of our Admissions Counselors and receive a tour of the campus. Following the tour, Admissions Counselors will review program information and answer questions for those who are interested. Tours will begin promptly at 2:00pm, so please allow plenty of time to arrive to campus.
RSVP here or email email@example.com.
Common Hour: Student Organization Fair (+)
Chicago Campus, Community Hall
The Office of Student Affairs is hosting a Student Organization Fair. Representatives from Adler's 25 Student Organizations will be on hand to talk about their organizations and advertise upcoming events. Students will have the opportunity to sign up for organizations of interest; it's also a great opportunity for staff and faculty to learn more about the exciting things student leaders are doing on campus to further their educational goals and enhance community.
Starting the week of September 22 a Virtual Student Organization Fair will be available on the Student Affairs section of the Adler Connect Portal for those unable to attend the on-campus fair on September 10.
Adler School Institutes Showcase (+)
Chicago Campus, Community Hall
Learn more about the work of the Institute on Social Exclusion (ISE) and the Institute on Public Safety and Social Justice (IPSSJ) through an event featuring a meet and greet, group learning exercise, discussion, and refreshments.
The Institute on Social Exclusion will discuss the Mental Health Impact Assessment (MHIA), Health Impact Assessment (HIA), and the impact on health policies. The Institute on Public Safety and Social Justice will discuss youth criminalization, mapping of justice expenditures, trauma and the root, and hubs and restorative justice as community solutions.
The ISE will conduct an HIA mapping exercise, which will precede a discussion by IPSSJ on programs and practices that can be changed.


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Kent, Washington
Member since Oct 2008
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"I am going to make this tonight for dinner. However I have noticed no where in the recipe does it say to add the brie cheese. Good thing I watched the show and am fairly decent cook. I can make an educated guess at this one. I am also going to try to use garlic sausage in place of the duck because no one around here makes duck sausage. Love th"


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|Property type
|Minimum Stay
This beautiful family owned 3-bedroom, 3-bathroom vacation home has many premium features and is available year round on beautiful Lake Leelanau. This area of Michigan is known for its cherry orchards, wineries, and beauty, having been named by National Geographic as one of the best summer trips of 2012 and by Good Morning America as "the most beautiful place in America."
The house sleeps eight and is suited for people of all ages and may be used by a couple looking to get away from it all, or a family looking for a prime lake location suitable for swimming, boating, and other outdoor activities. The house is located approximately 100 feet from the lake and offers 100 feet of private lake frontage. Pine trees on either side provide privacy from the neighbors.
Both levels of the front of the house have floor to ceiling windows throughout, offering beautiful views of sunrises over the lake from the 3 bedrooms.
The upper (walk-in) level has an open-style to allow multiple views of the lake from every room and easy socializing. This level includes a full bath, bedroom (queen bed), living room with field stone gas fireplace, dining area that seats six, and kitchen with full length bar that seats four. There is a large deck with patio furniture that allows you to enjoy a nice meal outdoors or relaxing moments while watching the kids play in the large grass yard or water.
A circular staircase takes you down to the lower (walk-out) level. Here you will find a master bedroom suite with queen bed and full bath with Jacuzzi tub, a second bedroom with two twin beds and a bunk bed. The twin beds can be put together to make larger king bed. There is also a family room, office area, storage/laundry room, and another full bath. Walk out onto a patio with gas grill and patio furniture for additional seating / area to eat.
Lake Leelanau is a 20+ mile-long all-sports lake that offers great swimming, boating, water skiing, and fishing. The lake depth at shore is shallow about 15 inches deep with a firm, sandy bottom and allows great swimming for kids - the lake depth gets about waist deep at the end of our 72-foot private dock. You can take your boat right across the lake or to the towns of Lake Leelanau, Leland, or Cedar for excellent dining, sight-seeing or shopping. Gas service for your boat is available at several locations on the lake. If you bring your own boat it can be tied to the dock. There are public boat launches approximately 2 miles north and south of the property.
The waterfront home is in a prime and central location. You are within minutes of Lake Michigan, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Park, Shopping at Glen Arbor, historic fishtown of Leland, Lake Leelanau, Suttons Bay, Northport, and Traverse City. Golf is nearby at Leelanau Club, Sleeping Bear Golf or Kings Challenge Golf Course. Two Casinos - Leelanau Sands Casino in Suttons Bay and Turtle Creek Casino in Williamsburg. You can also enjoy world-class concerts at the Interlochen Arts Academy which is a 30 minute drive. Many sightseeing opportunities throughout the entire county, many local wineries and restaurants available are also within a short distance.


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Park Falls, WI Banquet Facility
AJ's Bar & Dining
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- Banquet and reception facilities with large menu selection available
- Will do catering
- Open 7 days-a-week
Contact AJ's Bar & Dining today at 715-762-3481 for all of your banquet facility needs.
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Bongino for U.S. Senate
Here's a LETTER I submitted to the local paper as well as a correction for an error I made-
A March 26th press release by U.S. Senator Ben Cardin's (D-MD) office highlighted his opinions on the Trayvon Martin case and a bill he introduced to "end to racial profiling, a practice that singles out individuals based on race, ethnic origin, or religious." That is noble on his part. I hope Mr. Cardin will also introduce legislation to eliminate the Maryland "hate crimes" law Article 27 470A. The concept that crimes committed against persons of certain minorities are somehow more serious than crimes committed against non-minority citizens should be offensive to everyone who demands equal treatment under the law. Lady Justice is often depicted as blindfolded and holding a balance scale to fairly judge a case's strengths and oppositions. As of this writing, no crime was committed nor charges filed in the Trayvon Martin case. For Mr. Cardin to use the event as an opportunity to announce his legislation seem! s more than a little patronizing to the black community. Perhaps he's doing a little racial profiling of his own to garner black votes in his re-election bid against African American Republican challenger Dan Bongino?
I would like to issue a retraction for an error I made in my letter ('Cardin taking advantage of Martin case') printed in the Whig on Fri April 13th. I incorrectly stated Dan Bongino's ethnicity as African American when in fact he is Italian American. It's a pretty big mistake and I do apologize to Dan. Regardless of his background, I thoroughly enjoy his expressions of Conservatism and efforts to save our country from the failed economic policies of Liberalism. Dan has my vote for U.S. Senate over incumbent Ben Cardin.
Walkie Wawtmire permalink
What we've got 'chere is an Ethiopian-Italian.
Dan, you had a good run. Keep plugged in and keep sharing the truth about Cardin and his tax/spend liberal cronies!
We need a conservative in office to stop the financial bloodletting. The Dems will spend everything we make and indebt us for life!
Bravo! Dan will make a great replacement for Cardin.


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We also offer comprehensive dental services from cleanings to exams to crowns, allowing us to serve all of your dental needs from our San Diego office.
We are conveniently located on the corner of Friars Rd & Frazee Rd in the CVS Shopping Center, next to BevMo
Saturday appointments available
© Copyright 2006 - 2014 • Mission Valley Dentists • Lance Rygg Professional Dental Corporation
*Regular value of at least $290. In absence of gum (periodontal) disease. New patients only. Cannot be combined with any other offers. Coupon must be presented at appointment. Limit 1 per patient. Subject to insurance restrictions; cannot be applied to insurance co-payments. Not valid for appointments with pediatric dentist.


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100 results for "ohio state scandal"
Ted Sarniak III, Terrelle Pryor's mentor from Ohio State scandal,...
One of the supporting characters in Ohio State's NCAA violations and the downfall of coach Jim Tressel has died.Story | Conversation | July 22, 2012
Video: Discussing Terrelle Pryor, scandalESPN.com staff
Big Ten blogger Brian Bennett talks about why the former Buckeyes quarterback has decided to revisit the Ohio State scandal....Blog | May 10, 2012
Edward Rife, man linked to Ohio State Buckeyes' scandal, sentence...
A federal judge handed down a three-year sentence Wednesday to the tattoo parlor owner whose purchase of Ohio State University football memorabilia triggered a far-reaching football scandal and an ongoing NCAA investigation.Story | Conversation | October 26, 2011
Thursday's Web video of the dayPatrick Dorsey
Poor Brutus doesn't have it easy these days. At Ohio State, scandal surrounds his beloved Buckeyes. And when he goes in the forest? He's surrounded, by squirrels. Have you seen a cool sports-related video that deserves to go viral? Email links to by...Blog | Conversation | September 08, 2011
Jim Tressel suspension with Colts drags out Ohio State scandalTim Keown
Will the fun never end? The apparently unintentional Kabuki between Jim Tressel and Terrelle Pryor would be comical if it weren't so stupid.Story | Conversation | September 06, 2011
Tattoo parlor owner tied to Ohio State Buckeyes scandal guilty
A tattoo parlor owner whose purchase of Ohio State football memorabilia triggered an NCAA investigation of the school pleaded guilty Tuesday to drug trafficking and money laundering charges.Story | Conversation | June 28, 2011
Big Ten chat: Tuesday at noon ETAdam Rittenberg
It has been a nice, quiet June with absolutely nothing to discuss about Big Ten football. Riiiight. While my summer has been sacrificed a bit by all the news, these are very busy times in Big Ten country. From the Ohio State scandal to Big Ten ...Blog | June 15, 2011
Investigating Ohio State's best defense for its August hearing wi...Seth Wickersham
Seth Wickersham of ESPN The Magazine investigates what insiders expect will happen in Ohio State's hearing with the NCAA's Committee on Infractions this August.Story | Conversation | June 11, 2011
Big Ten lunch linksAdam Rittenberg
I think the Rapture has arrived in Chicago. An interesting look at the autograph problem at Ohio State from The Cleveland Plain Dealer's Doug Lesmerises. The Ohio State scandal is becoming worse than the USC mess, Yahoo! Sports' Dan Wetzel writes...Blog | June 09, 2011
Podcast: Rittenberg on OSU scandalESPN.com staff
Ivan Maisel talks to Adam Rittenberg about more details from the Ohio State scandal. Tom Luginbill helps unveil the ESPNU 150. Beano Cook weighs in on OSU, USC and West Virginia....Blog | June 08, 2011
College football: Top 10 program elevators of the last 25 yearsBruce Feldman
Bruce Feldman creates his list of the top 10 "elevators" of the last 25 years -- the coaches who have taken their programs to new heights.Blog | Conversation | June 08, 2011
College football: Bruce Feldman's mailbag on what Big Ten race lo...Bruce Feldman
Bruce Feldman takes his weekly dip into the mailbag, giving his take on how the Big Ten race figures to shake out after Jim Tressel's resignation at Ohio State.Blog | Conversation | June 03, 2011
ESPN reaction to Jim Tressel's resignationAdam Rittenberg
The resignation of Jim Tressel as Ohio State coach has sent shockwaves around the sports world on this Memorial Day. My ESPN.com colleagues are weighing in on Tressel, the Ohio State scandal, the coach's legacy and what's next for the Buckeyes. ...Blog | May 30, 2011
Big Ten lunchtime linksBrian Bennett
Hello again from your friendly Big East blogger. Yes, the league has more than just basketball. The source of the e-mails to Jim Tressel at the heart of the Ohio State scandal is a Columbus lawyer named Christopher T. Cicero. The Tressel case sho...Blog | March 10, 2011
College Football: Scandals involving Ohio State Buckeyes and Oreg...Bruce Feldman
Bruce Feldman discusses Ohio State's self-imposed punishments against coach Jim Tressel with ESPN The Magazine writer Seth Wickersham and a former college football coach, in an attempt to answer the question: Is college football falling apart?Blog | Conversation | March 09, 2011
Big Ten's lunch linksBrian Bennett
Can I kick it? Three years after the Ohio State tattoo scandal, E. Gordon Gee says, "I think everyone won." Ed Warriner is overseeing another extreme makeover on the Ohio State offensive line. Purdue's Raheem Mostert is being called the fastest...Blog | June 03, 2014


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Sleigh bells ring, are you listening? Santa Claus is coming to town with his big red sack full of toys for all the good little boys and girls. Bring the magic of Christmas to life with this 30" x 36" deluxe velvet sack with gold embroidered lettering (Reads: Merry Christmas), gold drawstring, finished with 2 bells and a 12" shoulder strap.
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Date: Dec 09, 2010
Deluxe velvet sack is a good size for presents. Love the gold embroidered lettering, gold drawstring, finished with the 2 bells and a 12" shoulder strap. Only down side the velvet material is thin, might tear if you over stuff the bag. I'm going to add a lining material to prevent this. Either way I'm happy with purchase.
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|List A - Z | Top 1000 | Random | Origins
GailRate Gail: Do you like this name?
Get creative with Gail | Add to list (0)
Meaning and name origin
Gail \gail\ as a girl's name (also used as boy's name Gail), is pronounced gayl. It is of Hebrew origin, and the meaning of Gail is "father of exaltation". Short form of Abigail. Gael is a term for descendants of the ancient Celts, especially in Scotland, Ireland, and the Isle of Man. Authors Gael Greene, Gail Sheehy, Gail Godwin; track celebrity Gail Devers.
Gail has 18 variant forms: Gael, Gahl, Gaila, Gaile, Gaill, Gal, Gale, Galia, Gayel, Gayelle, Gayla, Gayle, Gayleen, Gaylene, Gayline, Gayll, Gaylla and Gaylle.
There is 1 masculine form of Gail: Gael.
Gail is also pronounced similarly to Gill. Other suggested similar baby names are Dail, Gai, Gaia, Gala, Galla, Geila and Gila.
Gail is a very popular first name for females (#155 out of 4276) and also a very popular surname or last name for all people (#22274 out of 88799) (2000 U.S. Census).
Displayed below is the baby names popularity of Gail name for girls (2012 statistics). Compare Gail with its variant forms and related girl baby names.
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Knights of Columbus to hold St. Patrick's Day celebration.The Santa Clarita Valley Knights of Columbus are going green March 15th, with a St. Patrick's Day party at Our Lady of Perpetual Help on Lyons Avenue.
The event, which goes from 6:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., will feature Irish musicians, singers, step dancers and Ceili dancers. The COC Emeritus Choir will also be performing.
And to really fill patrons up with the Irish spirit, a traditional meal of corn beef and cabbage, carrots and Irish potatoes will be served along with Irish soda bread and dessert.
Heads Up Therapy on Horseback will also benefit from the night, as a 50/50 raffle will be held for them.
If you would like to reserve a spot, tickets can be purchased for $25 each, or 2 for $40 by calling Jack O'Shea at (661) 259-8574. You can also call Scott Franklin at (661) 254-2376 or Charley Allen at (661) 254-1142 for tickets.


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The Cleanup Map: Kirstein Building parking lot
The Rochester region is dotted with contaminated properties, testament to the area's industrial past and New York's present-day emphasis on addressing these old blights. Many have already been cleaned up, but many more remain works in progress. This blog entry, in conjunction with an annotated map at Democrat and Chronicle's RocDocs site, is part of an effort to track work at these sites. Let us know of other sites you'd like included.
The owner of a small Brownfield Cleanup Program site in the St. Paul Quarter of downtown Rochester has proposed a plan to clean up petroleum contamination from a long-closed service station.
Soil under the site, now a parking lot owned by 234-250 Andrews St LLC, would be removed and replaced with clean fill. Contaminated groundwater would be pumped to the surface and either treated on site or discharged to the sewer system, according to a Department of Environmental Conservation fact sheet.
The site, at 37 Bittner Street, is behind the Kirstein Building, a lovely triangular structure, roughly a century old, that's being converted to residential use. The owners of 234-250 Andrews St LLC (listed on public documents as Pawel Efraimov and Nataliya Dyakovskaya of New York City) qualified for $1 million New York state grant to help restore the historic building.
The DEC recently gat hered public comments on the proposed cleanup plan. When the agency approves a final plan, it should take 6 to 8 weeks to accomplish the work.


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You are here: Home / Data Products / Agricultural Exchange Rate Data Set
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This data set contains annual and monthly data for exchange rates important to U.S. agriculture. It includes both nominal and real exchange rates for 79 countries, plus the European Union (EU), as well as real trade-weighted exchange rate indexes for many commodities and aggregations. All series are updated every other month. Data series start at the beginning of 1970 and run to the last available data point.
Last updated: Tuesday, September 23, 2014
For more information contact: Mathew Shane
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Via Frances, our SJCPL Staff Devlopment Librarian:
This, my friends, is OUTREACH. This makes the librarian visible..the library visible...and provides a valuable service. I'd ponder this for sure if I was planning outreach services.
From http://fulton.blogspot.com/
"On Saturday, June 4, Daveman will be at Panera Bread in Clay on Route 31 from 8:00 - 10:00 AM. Using their wireless network and my tablet PC, I'll be answering any and all questions faster than you can spell focaccia. I can show you how to find articles from Consumer Reports and hundreds of other magazines for free. Enter the raffle for a tote bag full of Liverpool Library stuff. You can sign up for a library card, too.
Grab a mug of the Costa Rican and see if you can stump the chump!"Posted by Michael at June 6, 2005 08:16 AM | TrackBack


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Match Thread: KKR VS Punjab (Mashrafe's Inaugural Match)
View Single Post
May 3, 2009, 03:05 AM
Cricket Legend
Join Date: March 8, 2008
Location: BanglaCricket.com
Favorite Player: Mashrafe Mortaza
Posts: 4,740
Originally Posted by
"IPL-related disruptions are not new to the West Indies team, which last year was denied access to its leading players until just days before the first Test against Australia. Gayle, Ramnaresh Sarwan and Shivnarine Chanderpaul joined the national squad did not attend a pre-series training camp, while Bravo arrived into Jamaica on Test-eve aboard a private jet, paid for by Mumbai. "
Wait wait wait!!! If you read the whole paragraph and the article it talks about last years IPL...!! ..
So Bravo is still playing... someone please correct me if I'm wrong and I really hope I'm wrong
Yeah, I just read the part which you highlighted, but still even if he is there he is most probably not playing today, cause as I heard in the last match that he is not totally fit, and MI is also not happy with his batting performance, so don't lose hope, I still believe Ash is playing today.
''I go out to field as if I'm entering the boxing ring and there's no place for the guy who comes second best there.''
– Shakib Al Hasan, World's No-1 Allrounder
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KEY: ★★★★ Extraordinary; ★★★ Excellent; ★★ Very Good; ★ Good; Zero: Poor
Updated: May 6, 2013 8:44PM
The late Sun-Times dining critic Pat Bruno reviewed Publican on Nov. 14, 2008.
Tired of the same old culinary grind? Tired of looking at menus that sing the same old song over and over? Does the house salad bore you to tears?
The newly opened Publican in the Fulton Street Market District could be just the cure for what ails you. This exciting new restaurant's culinary architects — Paul Kahan, Donnie Madia, Terry Alexander, Eduard Seitan and Brian Huston — have constructed a menu that is a thrill a minute.
The geographical data provided with each dish read like a Fodor's travel guide for food. I counted no fewer than 30 different cities in the United States (not to mention Europe and beyond) from where Publican scores its menu items: country ham from Tennessee; boudin blanc from Dyersville, Ind.; country ribs from the town of Forest in central Illinois; oysters from points east (Rhode Island and Virginia) and west (California, Washington); smoked trout from Idaho; sardines from Monterey Bay. The bread and butter come from Websterville, Vt. And the beer choices occupy a menu of their own.
Is there a certain culinary style to the Publican? Not that I can put my finger on. But it does have panache and more than a bit of derring-do, from the terrific selection of oysters to the well-thought-out choices for fish and meat and the classy charcuterie. And then there is the fine idea of "Sunday dinner at the Publican" (more about that later).
Oysters got things off to a good start one night. The choices — eight in all — gave rise to some serious decision-making. From Humboldt Bay, Calif., kumamoto, which are bold, big, sweet, buttery. From the East Coast, sting ray, smaller shell, briny, firm. Fresher than fresh, the oysters were served on an oval platter layered with crushed ice, along with a cup of mignonette sauce.
Smoked trout from Clear Springs, Iowa, was next up. The smoky (but not overbearing) fillet, nicely portioned for two to share, got dressed up with a classy romesco sauce, along with sorrel and chips of ham, all of which added more luster to the trout.
On to the meat of the matter and the "ham chop cooked in hay." This chop goes through a brining process before the smoking-in-hay process, which added a marvelous and complex flavor to what ultimately became cured pork. Thick slabs of the ham (and some of the bone) were on a bed of lentils and earthy, meaty oyster mushrooms. Essentially, the dish had but three ingredients, but wow! It was magic.
The good food just kept coming. The meaty, perfectly grilled farm chicken (Swan Creek Farm, North Adams, Mich.) rode on a logjam of outstanding frites. Alongside the pieces of chicken were big, thick rounds of house-made summer sausage. Great dish.
On this particular night, we finished with two desserts. One was wonderful; one needs some work. The wonderful was the light and airy waffle adorned with slivers of figs and a lavish honey butter. Work is needed on the apple tatin. The apples were mushy, and the "tatin" part suffered from a serious lack of taste. The knob of Chinese mustard ice cream with the tatin was interesting, though.
A word about price. You can run up a serious tab at the Publican, unless you split dishes. The chicken, for example, would be a sharable entree. So would the ham chop. If you dig too far and too deep without sharing , you will be looking at a hefty tab.
Sunday dinner at the Publican is a fixed-menu, one-price-per-person ($45), four-courses arrangement. The courses may vary a bit from week to week, and you share each course, except for dessert (you each get your own).
Bagna cauda got things going in a very nice way, but not in the traditional manner as it would in the Piedmont region of Italy (there is no warm sauce for dipping the vegetables in the Publican version). Here the artichokes, broccoli and cauliflower, each on its own (in other words, not jumbled together) got a proper roasting (nicely crunchy, not mushy), and all were dressed up with a sauce made from anchovies, garlic and olive oil. A tang of lemon zest and walnuts added even more character to this classic dish.
Next up was whole grilled fish. Daurade (also called bream) has a gentle flavor, flaky white, quite delicious. The fish came with a scattering of diced celery and orange, which gave the fish a pleasing flavor boost, and a side dish of poached whole carrots and parsnips. All very nice, but in Europe, I have had this fish with escarole and black olives, which was even better.
The next course was a well-crafted cassoulet of pork. Great stuff. After I had poked through a raft of beans, the dish eventually gave up its chunks of pork sausages, pork shoulder and pork belly.
Dessert on Sunday? Brandy and date pudding with vanilla ice cream. This beauty made regular bread pudding look like a fool. Moist, a subtle hint of brandy. A smart finisher.


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Bell & Gossett® announces second quarter training at Little Red Schoolhouse®February 17th, 2012
Morton Grove, Ill. — Bell & Gossett, a leader in education for the hydronic heating and plumbing industries, has announced its training course schedule for the second quarter of 2012. The free training seminars are offered at the Bell & Gossett Little Red Schoolhouse Education Center in Morton Grove, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, and are open to engineers, contractors and facility maintenance professionals.
New this quarter, the Little Red Schoolhouse is now a certified provider of continuing education for LEED professionals as approved by the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCITM). The Schoolhouse's Large Chilled Water Design Seminar and Modern Hydronic System Design Basic Seminar are the pump industry's first courses to be approved by GBCI to provide credit toward the credential maintenance requirements of the LEED Green Associate and LEED AP certifications.
The content provided in the two seminars (*) meets GBCI's goals of facilitating access to high-quality professional development for those in the green building industry. The courses focus on the application of pumps and related products to enable water and energy conservation and improve building system efficiency.
"The Little Red Schoolhouse is an industry leader in training and we are excited to add increased opportunities for engineers, contractors and facility maintenance professionals to earn LEED continuing education credits," said Mark Handzel, director of building services marketing for Xylem.
The seminars are tailored to various job functions and areas of expertise and cover a wide range of important topics. The lead seminar instructors are LEED-Accredited Professionals. Upon completion of the three-day seminars, 1.7 CEU credits are awarded to graduates.
The Second Quarter 2012 Little Red Schoolhouse seminars and dates include:
|Modern Hydronic Heating Systems – Basic Seminar *
|Mar 26-28
|Modern Hydronic Heating Systems – Advanced Seminar
|Apr 2-4
|Steam System Design & Application Seminar
|Apr 23-25
|Design & Application of Water Based HVAC Systems Seminar
|Apr 30 – May 2
|Large Chilled Water System Design Seminar *
|May 7-9
|Service & Maintenance of Water Based HVAC Systems Seminar
|May 14-16
|Modern Hydronic Heating Systems – Basic Seminar *
|Jun 11-13
|Design & Application of Water Based HVAC Systems Seminar
|Jun 18-20
* Seminar approved by GBCI to provide credit toward the credential maintenance requirements of the LEED Green Associate and LEED AP certifications.


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Hardware news tagged Silvermont
Wednesday, May 15, 2013
Intel Has Huge Tablet Market Opportunities with Atom "Silvermont", But Core i "Haswell" More Important – Financial Analysts.
Shipments of Atom Chips for Tablets to Reach 36 Million Units in 2014, 50 Million in 2015
Monday, May 6, 2013
Intel Introduces Silvermont Low-Power Micro-Architecture for Next-Gen Atom Processors.
Intel Silvermont to Deliver Three Times Higher Performance Than Today's Atom Chips
Monday, April 22, 2013
Microsoft: Windows 8 Coming to Smaller Devices.
Microsoft Wants New Windows to Enable Smaller Mobile Devices
Wednesday, April 17, 2013
Intel Expects New-Generation Atom System-on-Chips to Enable $200 Convertibles and Tablets.
Low-Cost Tablets and Convertibles to Substitute Netbooks
Wednesday, March 27, 2013
Intel Should Take ARM License and Stop Messing – Co-Founder of ARM.
Co-Founder of Intel Urges Intel to Start Developing ARM-Compatible Chips
Monday, February 25, 2013
Intel: Next-Gen 22nm Atom System-on-Chip Already Up and Running.
Intel Bay Trail Set to Be Released in 2013, Bring Four Cores and New Micro-Architecture
Friday, January 4, 2013
Intel's Next-Gen Atom "ValleyView" to Double CPU Performance, Triple Graphics Performance.
Intel Readies Massive Performance and Feature-Set Boost with New Atom System-on-Chip
Friday, December 14, 2012
Intel on Track to Expand Addressable Markets for Atom Processors.
Intel's "Ambidextrous" Strategy with Atom Starting to Pay Off
Tuesday, October 16, 2012
Intel's Next-Gen Atom "Avoton" Chip for Micro-Servers to Feature Eight-Cores, New Memory Controller - Media.
Intel to Seriously Boost Performance of Atom "Avoton" for Micro-Servers
Tuesday, August 28, 2012
Intel Atom to Get Four Cores, New Graphics Adapter in Late 2013.
Intel ValleyView Atom Processor Due in Late 2013
Friday, January 20, 2012
Sales of Intel Atom Hit All-Time Low: Netbooks Doomed.
Intel Atom Technology Continues to Lose Popularity on PC Market
Friday, October 21, 2011
Popularity of Intel Atom Drops Sharply: The End of Netbooks Is Coming Closer?
Sales of Intel Atom Processors, SoCs Drop to Two-Years Minimum
Tuesday, September 13, 2011
Intel and Google to Develop Android for Intel Atom-Based Smartphones.
Google Android Set to Get Support for Intel's x86 SoCs