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The Ute Currency
Apr 28, 2014
General Nonsense
It's easy to forget that the concept of money was an important invention at some point in history. With the advantage of hindsight we know it was a great idea, but one can imagine the how hard it was for the inventor of money to sell the idea to his friends.
Inventor: I have a great idea. Let's assign arbitrary value to shiny rocks. We'll call it money.
Friend: Why would we do that?
Inventor: Well, for starters, I could trade my shiny rocks for your cow and we'd both be happy.
Friend: Can I get milk from those shiny rocks?
Inventor: No, no. You'd use the money to buy goods from other people who think small shiny objects are worth as much as a cow.
Friend: How many idiots like that are there in the world?
Inventor: I'm hoping you'll be the first.
Somehow, despite all odds, the concept of money went on to be a big success. And because money exists, so does the modern economy.
But the problem with money is that every system devised by humans eventually results in the top 1% having most of the money. No one has figured out how to fix income equality without making something else worse.
My solution to income inequality is to invent a new type of money called the "ute" which is short for "utility." There will be no physical bills or coins involved. It's just a digital store of value. You can only earn utes by being
to your fellow humans. And unlike regular wealth, your ute value would be public.
The hard part of the ute system is assigning objective values to subjective things such as usefulness. But regular money has the same problem and that is solved by the marketplace, supply and demand, and some government control. I think the same could be true of utes.
Utes would not replace regular money and would not be used for direct purchasing. Utes would only be a way of knowing who is contributing to the well-being of others and who is not. Utes would be a measure of prestige, respect, and general worthiness. And I could imagine society providing special privileges and rights to people who have high ute value.
Perhaps the high ute folks get preferred parking spots. Maybe they board airplanes first. Maybe they can use the carpool lanes all by themselves. Maybe they get two votes instead of one. Maybe every business starts treating high ute folks as priority customers. Perhaps employers would start checking the ute value of job applicants. One could imagine lots of privileges that don't directly involve purchasing goods and services. And the best privilege of all might be the respect of your peers.
The benefit of the ute system is that it grants respect to the folks who are doing the right things for society. But more importantly it gives the rich a more useful purpose for their money. If you're a billionaire with low ute, and everyone knows it, eventually that will make you uncomfortable. It's not as much fun to be a billionaire if everyone thinks you're a selfish tool and they have the ute statistics to prove it. The media would report your ute value with every story. It would never go away.
So I can see the ute system encouraging the rich to focus their excess wealth in areas that generate high ute return. For some that might mean investing in ways that create lots of employment. If you create a job for someone, you get a lot of utes. And if you go full-Bill-Gates-charity you get more utes than anyone. But a standard rich person would have to try hard to beat the ute value of a nurse, for example.
One need not have a paying job to accrue utes. A stay-at-home parent would have plenty of utes. Charity volunteers would have plenty too.
We humans tend to focus on whatever can be measured. As things stand, we can measure traditional wealth but we can't measure an individual's total contribution to the world. By creating a more general measure of a person's contribution -inaccuracies and all - it will cause people to think harder about their value to the world. And that will change how people act.
I think the ute system would contribute to social mobility. Under our current system a poor person with a sub-standard education has a huge challenge. But if that person could build a high ute value by being of service to others, employers would take notice. That person is a team player, a person of character, and a person of action. And perhaps you can earn utes by mentoring someone, so it's a win-win.
Humans act on the things they can measure. If we want people to do more useful and respectable things, we need to measure their progress.
You will be tempted to quibble about how hard it would be to compare the ute value of, for example, a lawyer versus a plastic surgeon. But keep in mind that we have lots of useful systems with the same degree of flaws and inaccuracies. Case in point, my credit score is bad because some of my minor bills once went to an old address and I didn't know of them until a collections agency called me. So in my case, credit reporting is totally broken, yet the world is better because of credit reporting. It's a terribly inaccurate system that is still better than none. The ute system would be similarly full of terrible inaccuracies while still being useful overall.
Or not. How much do you hate this idea?
Scott Adams
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Votes: +32
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May 5, 2014
"But the problem with money is that every system devised by humans eventually results in the top 1% having most of the money. No one has figured out how to fix income equality without making something else worse."
The issue is not figuring out how to fix income equality, the issue is that nobody ever tried, for the simple reason that such decisions are made by the same top tier.
Fixing income inequality does not require rocket science. Just analyze how rich people get richer. Once somewhat rich, how do they come more rich, or even filthy rich? Is it because they are all of a sudden more useful? Have a better reputation? Work more hours?
The answer to all of that is no. Once rich, people generally become more rich by getting a return on just being rich. Having money makes money. Various systems exist for that purpose, including interest, stocks, real estate and more. In none of those systems, is the rich person doing anything useful or adding value to society.
The easy solution to avoid just having money to make more money is to change the return and taxation system to benefit labor more, and capital less. That is all. That is the solution. A theoretical one of course, as this will never happen.
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Apr 30, 2014
It could *almost* work if 1%ers like the Koch brothers actually *gave* a rodent's posterior about being useful to society.
They don't.
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Apr 30, 2014
It will take about a billisecond for people with power and/or money to exploit this system. It will also put in power those who determine the specific Ute values of actions. If I get to decide whether firefighters are more Ute-worthy than teachers or plumbers, then I will have tremendous power. Corruptable power. Maybe if we could crowdsource the value of actions...
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Apr 29, 2014
Can I give negative utes to incompetent coworkers, IRS agents, people who talk at the movies, or overly slow drivers? These are all individuals with extremely negative utility to me, among others.
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Apr 29, 2014
This idea has merits. I like how the account balance is public information. And I like how it focuses on rewarding usefulness.
What if we expand this ute idea a bit? Utes basically seem like tips (gratuities), but with the difference of being genuine expressions of appreciation rather than socially normed obligations. What would ute look like as a transparent tipping system?
Here's what it might look like in my life as a help desk guy. I get lots of calls throughout the day. Most of them are very routine things like password resets. It's nothing anyone would tip me for. It's an expected service, and my employer realizes that such calls need to be handled and so they are happy to pay me a fair wage to provide that service to people. But sometimes people call with an issue that they are absolutely stumped on and they are thrilled when I am able to help. These people would be likely to click on the "Did you like my service?" link at the bottom of the email they receive after our call. This would take them to the ute system where they would tip me a few dollars and send me a note saying what they appreciated about my service.
The entire tip would be shown on my public ute profile. People would see when I received tips, from who, for how much, for what, and the person's note of appreciation.
They would *also* see who I have tipped, when, for how much, for what, and what I loved about the service.
Completely public transaction details would provide far greater value than just the ute balance. It provides a full picture of both your generosity to others and how people see your value.
1. If generosity were publicly visible, wouldn't people be inclined to be more generous? (it's a social status thing.)
2. Trustworthy reviews. When I view your profile, I can see service providers that you have given to and therefore actually value.
3. Generosity is further encouraged because people would be more likely to tip you if they see that you are also generous to others.
4. No need to write tedious LinkedIn endorsements. People see actual heartfelt reviews of the work you do. And they get to see the actual frequency at which people find your work valuable. (Do you do something noteworthy once a year or once a week?)
I'm sure this works in all sorts of professions, especially once bosses realize they can reward good work monetarily as an ongoing occurrance rather than with an annual "bonus" ritual.
A frictionless value based reward system like this also paves the way for innovating how work in general is compensated. Let's go back to my case. I solve computer issues for a living. It's impossible for me to know all of the answers, so support teams usually keep a knowledgebase of common solutions. I imagine my knowledgebase tool will have a ute system built in where I can easily reward the author of a particularly helpful knowledgebase article. Coworkers see that writing good knowledge articles is a way to get rewarded, and that gives them incentive to contribute to that commons. A culture that embraces ute is a culture that finally starts compensating people who contribute labor towards things that are freely available (articles, videos, open source, wikipedia.)
What do you think about the idea?
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Apr 29, 2014
Another way to think of your idea: money already works, as a way to compensate someone for the value they offer. But in standard econ, price winds up being where the supply and demand curves intersect. It's a rare market that can impose price discrimination, where people who are willing to pay more, actually do pay more. (Think of airline tickets, and the wildly varying prices that adjacent seatmates on the plane, getting the same experience, will have paid.)
So in most markets, there is significant consumer surplus. E.g. air is free, but if you were denied air (e.g. on a space station), how much would you be willing to pay, to get it? Water is very cheap, but again the value to you of water is enormous. You trust teachers with your precious children; if most caretakers abused the children in their care, but you could pay more to keep your children safe, how much would you pay?
The reality is, that you would be willing to pay far, far more for most items, than the equilibrium free market price of the service. Teachers are cheap, because enough people are willing to do the job, so the labor supply reduces the price.
In that context, the "ute" idea seems to be an attempt to additionally reward service suppliers, to offer them a portion of the real value that they're contributing, over and above the free-market price of the service. Air, water, and teachers are extremely valuable, just not particularly expensive.
I still think the ute idea is foolish and would never work, but I think the "consumer surplus" perspective is a helpful way of understanding what problem it might be trying to solve.
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Apr 29, 2014
I believe that already exists; it's called "reputation."
And who decides who are "the folks who are doing the right things for society?" Is Warren Buffett a champion of the environment for opposing Keystone XL, or a robber baron because the alternative to the pipeline is worse for the environment, but profitable if you own a railroad?
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Apr 29, 2014
"You can only earn utes by being useful to your fellow humans."
"You can only earn [dollars] by being useful to your fellow humans."
Outside of fringe cases for dollars (theft, fraud, etc - all things that are widely regarded as immoral), what's the difference?
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Apr 29, 2014
I give this idea 5 utes.
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Apr 29, 2014
I signed up just to comment on this.
I'm reminded of the "gift economy" in the Red/Blue/Green Mars trilogy.
But this is a Very Good Idea. I've read a variety of proposals along these lines, discussions of reputational currencies, but what a great name. Ute. It's worth a wiki to hash out the details.
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Apr 29, 2014
Who is more important, the surgeon currently operating on you, or the coal miner keeping the lights on?
Also, how many utes does Zuckerberg owe society as a whole? Do numbers even go that high?
[The surgeon and the coal miner might be equal in utes. That's the wonderfulness of utes. -- Scott]
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Apr 29, 2014
Scott said: "Is your doctor not more useful than your feng shui consultant? "
I'm a healthy, gullible moron. So no - my doctor just gets on my case about eating less saturated fat, doing more boring, tiring exercise and not smoking and drinking so much. In short, I hate her, she's a real drag. Whereas my feng shui consultant revolutionised my life by turning my coffee table ninety degrees and selling me a kind of indoor water-feature thing that absorbs all the negative energy in my dining room, and it only cost me $5,000! He's a saint, that man, so much more useful to me!
Wait, hang on...
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Apr 29, 2014
The profanity filter has filtered out the name of an insect that can be abbreviated to "roach", presumably on the basis of the first four letters. Interesting.
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Apr 29, 2014
"Utes would not replace regular money "
So it's completely useless then, because money will trump everything, utes included.
" It's not as much fun to be a billionaire if everyone thinks you're a selfish tool"
This is an excellent joke. I am not a billionaire, but I know that if I was one, the opinions of non-billionaires would be of about as much interest to me as the opinion of a !$%*!$%*!$ That might make me a selfish tool, but the point is I'm a billionaire, so I fundamentally don't care and nothing can make me.
Also, can you pay a mortgage or buy food with utes? You said they won't replace regular money. If the answer to those questions is no, then I, non-billionaire, am not interested in your system. I need to pay a mortgage and buy food. Prestige, respect, all that? Keep it, I need a roof over my head first.
So the billionaires don't care, and the peons don't care. Accurate or not, I'd say it's a terrible idea. Not canal-network terrible, but pretty close.
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Apr 29, 2014
With the focus on how to define "usefulness" I think something else has been missed. Let's just take it as read that we'll come up with a reasonable metric for usefulness. My question is, who is handing out the utes? When Scott says, "You can only earn utes..." who are they being earned from?
If it is other people, then the problem of determining value pretty much goes away, but then it is REALLY no different than money. On the other hand, if it is the government, then the entire system is subject to rampant inflation. You might think your three thousand utes are pretty nifty, until Jonas Salk is granted 10,000,000 utes for inventing the polio vaccine, maybe one for every life he saved. And then of course Norman Borlaug comes along, saves hundreds of millions of people from dying of starvation, and is given a billion or so utes -- same principle. What are you going to do with your 3K utes now? Get a slightly less offensive-looking pair of bowling shoes?
[ But the problem with money is that every system devised by humans eventually results in the top 1% having most of the money. No one has figured out how to fix income equality without making something else worse. ]
Maybe this is the right place to get an answer to a question that has always bugged me. WHY is this a problem? Who cares if the top 1% have most of the money? I mean, you might think it is "unfair" for whatever reason, but that's just jealousy; fairness has no place in economics. What is the impersonal badness that comes from money being concentrated at the top?
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Apr 28, 2014
The main problem is how to attribute utes for things that were done by a lot of people.
e.g. Imagine an accountant working for a company that produces machinery for farms.
Machines help farms produce more food that feed a lot of people.
But how can you measure that and even if you end up with a ute value for what the company does. how much of that goes to the accountant?
I have a better idea.
Imagine everyone gets 100 utes every month, and each ute can be transferred from a person to another exactly one time. Only already transferred utes count for everyone's public sum. So people would use utes as a "thank you" award.
Some people would try to buy/sell it, but then you can create a law that everyone doing that would lose all their utes and stop receiving more to distribute for a period of time.
It's easily doable by an app, there is no entity governing the value of each ute and you avoid granting utes to, for example, douchebag nurses that abuse old people.
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Apr 28, 2014
"Shiny rocks" (gold?) didn't become money just because they were shiny and someone tricked others into accepting them. They became money because people wanted them, and because they were durable and useful (mostly for jewelry, at first). The reason they became money and other things people wanted didn't was because no matter how much you want bananas, they either get eaten or rot- and are then no longer available to trade for other things you want.
And, who decides how to assign "utes"? You might think someone's utility is very high for their advocacy of anti-gun "laws", while I consider them a destroyer of society for the same acts. Their "utes" would be non-existent to me, and high to you.
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Apr 28, 2014
"Utes would not replace regular money and would not be used for direct purchasing."
Awesome -- so they have no value whatsoever. Can I exchange my Utes for Shrute Bucks or Stanley Nickels?
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Phantom II
Apr 28, 2014
This even beats your canal idea. You have reached new lows.
What do you think capitalism is all about? It's about rewarding people based on what their worth to their fellow citizens is. The marketplace decides, rather than some committee that awards money based on what their friends have asked them to give them.
Go back to canals. You're not making any headway here.
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Apr 28, 2014
Your new Ute currency would be just as subject to inequality as current money. People who know the most people (extroverts) would get the most of it. The stay-at-home mom may never leave the house, never be in a position to ever receive Ute from others.
The real winners would be famous people. Rock stars, Kardashians, Taylor Swift, actors. They would get all the Ute. The net result is that these famous people -- who already get many secret gifts -- would also now explicitly get to board airplanes first, seated first at restaurants, free carpool lanes, etc. They probably often already do, but at least people try to be discrete about the privilege now. In your system, you would try to "reward" high Ute, but instead you'd basically be taking celebrities with the most twitter followers, and having the world give them gifts.
Doesn't sound like a big win for society.
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text:
General Electric Downgraded as it Enters 'Transitional Period'
NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- General Electric's
(GE) stock is fairly valued, considering the major transition the company is going through to hit CEO Jeff Immelt's goal of deriving 70% of operating earnings from industrial businesses, according to Oppenheimer analyst Christopher Glynn.
The analyst on Thursday downgraded GE to a "perform" rating from "outperform," because "2014-15 represents a transitional period" that projects a compound annual growth rate for earnings-per-share in the mid single digits over the next two years. Glynn estimates GE's operating earnings will grow from $1.64 a share in 2013 to $1.70 in 2014 and $1.80 in 2015.
General Electric CEO Jeff Immelt's long-term goal for GE has been to transition the industrial giant from over-reliance on GE Capital, its financial service subsidiary. GE Capital contributed 47% of GE's operating earnings during the third quarter.
GE in November announced it would spin off its North American consumer finance unit through a transaction that will be tax-free foo GE shareholders and include an initial public offering of up to 20% of the equity in the new company. The IPO is expected to be completed "later in 2014," after which General Electric plans to make a complete exit from the consumer finance business by distributing its remaining 80% stake of shares in the new company on a tax-free basis during 2015.
So there's some dilution for investors to consider in advance of the completion of the spinoff, which will result in "estimated $0.20 of 2015 dilution from NA Retail Finance (NARF) exit that we expect is roughly half offset by reduced share count (split-off tender plus base buyback)," Glynn wrote in a note to clients.
GE had already made tremendous progress in shrinking GE Capital, with the unit's "ending net investment" (ENI), excluding non-interest bearing liabilities, cash and equivalents, declining to $385 billion as of Sept. 30, from $425 billion a year earlier. GE Capital will shed another $50 billion or so through the spinoff of the consumer finance unit, bringing the unit within Immelt's long-term ENI target range of $300 billion to $350 billion.
There's an eventual silver lining for investors after the transition is completed, which is a greater ability for GE to deploy excess capital through higher dividends and share buybacks, which can significantly reduce the share count, thus pushing EPS higher.
The long-term initiative to trim GE Capital will improve GE's liquidity allowing the company to continue providing middle market commercial financing and continue to lend to its industrial customers, while avoiding the type of liquidity crisis it faced in 2008. At the height of the U.S. credit crisis, liquidity in the commercial paper market dried up, forcing GE to rely on the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.'s Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (TLGF) and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's Term Asset Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF).
Despite the neutral outlook for GE's stock over the next two years, Glynn wrote, "We continue to view shares as a solid store of value, with the 3.2% dividend yield, a case for solid industrial organic growth drivers, and understated 2014 earnings power given about $1B pretax net restructuring (~7c) included in our estimates."
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Chapter 3
Overview: Non-Renewable Fuels
Oil, natural gas, coal and uranium – the most common fuels in the world – are considered to be non-renewable, due to the eons it took to create them and mankind's inability to synthesize similar fuels readily. All but uranium are called "fossil fuels" because of their genesis in decaying plant and animal matter. Together, oil, natural gas and coal account for about 85 percent of the world's energy supply, a share that has changed little over recent decades. Nuclear power now provides 6.3 percent, a six-fold increase from 1973 levels.1
In 2005, petroleum products (including oils, gasoline and other liquid fuels, but not natural gas) provided 40.6 percent of the 100.3 quadrillion British Thermal Units (Btu), or "quads," consumed in the U.S. Coal and natural gas each provided more than 22 percent of the Btu consumed nationwide; nuclear energy provided 8 percent; and hydropower and biomass provided less than 3 percent each.2
The Texas oil and gas industry has bolstered the state economy for a century. Oil and gas deposits are widely distributed throughout the state and offshore. Deposits of coal and uranium (which, when processed, produces nuclear power) are found in Texas, but not in quantities comparable to those of oil and gas. Combined, these fuels produce all but a small fraction of the state's electricity; gasoline and diesel refined from oil likewise account for all but a small fraction of the state's transportation fuels.
Oil, natural gas, coal and liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) are called "hydrocarbons" because of their chemical structure, which is based on hydrogen and carbon atoms. Under heat and pressure, these elements bond and create chains of molecules in almost infinite combinations, each with unique properties. For example, the long "carbon chain" molecules that create crude oil can be heated and "cracked" in the refining process. (The longer the chain, the broader the variety of refined products it can produce.) The result is a variety of shorter molecule chains that give us waxes, liquids and gases such as paraffin, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, propane, butane and methane (natural gas), among others.
Petroleum deposits, for the most part, formed at the bottom of ancient seabeds to become semi-solid, liquid and gaseous compounds. These deposits are now found as deep as tens of thousands of feet below the earth's surface. As such, petroleum deposits generally can be extracted economically only by drilling. The exception is tar or oil sands, found in Canada and elsewhere in the world, which are near the surface and can be mined.3
Today, petroleum products and their derivatives supply almost all of the world's transportation fuels, chemicals and plastics.
Coal is a combustible rock of varying hardness, moisture and mineral content. Coal deposits, called "seams," must be excavated; commercial deposits generally are found either just below the surface or underground at depths up to 1,000 feet, although mine depths of more than 2,000 feet are not uncommon.4
Coal was widely used first as jewelry, then as fuel, by the Chinese six millennia ago and by the Romans in Britain four millennia later.5 Today, coal is the world's most common heating fuel. China, with the third-largest proven reserves in the world, is unique among developing countries in that coal is its preferred fuel for both heating and home cooking.6
Uranium is a mineral found throughout the world. Commercial concentrations of uranium ore are fairly widespread, including several in South Texas.
Exhibit 3-1
View Exhibit 3-1: Domestic Energy Production, in Table Format.
Exhibit 3-2
View Exhibit 3-2: Domestic and Imported Energy Sources, in Table Format.
In its natural state, uranium is an ore that must be extracted via underground mining, open-pit mining or in-situ leach (ISL) mining. Open-pit and underground mining mechanically remove the uranium ore from on or below ground, break it up and send it to a mill where the uranium is removed.
ISL mining, also called solution mining, pumps a leach solution (commonly sulfuric acid or a weak alkaline solution, depending on the type of rock) through the ground to separate uranium from the source rock, and then extracts the uranium-bearing fluid from the formation. ISL causes little surface disturbance or waste rock. The source rock must be permeable to the leach solution, however, and should be located in a geologic formation that prevents groundwater contamination.
From Source to Consumption
Domestic supplies of coal, natural gas, crude oil and natural gas plant liquids (hydrocarbons and water that precipitate out of natural gas) contributed 56 quadrillion Btu (quads), accounting for about 78 percent of all 2006 U.S. domestic energy production (Exhibit 3-1). (Throughout this report, Btus will be used to compare the heat value in fuels that are otherwise measured by different units of volume. Once a fuel is burned to generate electricity, that electricity will be measured by watts.)
Imported petroleum and nuclear sources added a combined 37 quads or 36 percent to the total supply. Fossil fuel and nuclear sources combined represented 93 percent of the total U.S. energy supply of 104.8 quads in 2006 (Exhibit 3-2).
Of the total 99.9 quads the U.S. consumed in 2006, residential customers used 21 percent, commercial customers 18 percent and industrial customers 32 percent. The remaining 28 percent was used for transportation.7
Electricity Production: U.S. vs. Texas
In both the U.S. and Texas, fossil fuels are by far the largest source of energy used to generate electricity, followed at some distance by nuclear power. But Texas and the rest of the U.S. differ greatly on their reliance on specific fossil fuels.
For example, coal-fired generators produced roughly half of the nation's electricity from 1995 to 2006 (Exhibit 3-3).
Although the nation's total electricity generation (as measured in megawatt-hours, or MWhs) increased by 21 percent from 1995 to 2006, coal's share of that production declined by about 2 percent, from 51 to 49 percent of the total. Nuclear remained steady at about 20 percent. The share attributable to natural gas rose by about 5 percent over the period, from 14.8 percent in 1995 to 20 percent in 2006. Fuel oils and liquefied petroleum gases, or LPG, remained at a relatively steady 3 percent share until 2006, when they dropped to 1.6 percent.8
The story in Texas, however, is quite different (Exhibit 3-4). Due to the state's population growth, Texas electricity generation rose by about 26 percent from 1995 to 2006, 5 percent more than the national increase. Natural gas was the state's most common electricity-producing fuel from 1995 to 2006, and its share rose over the period, from a low of 45 percent in 1996 and 1997 to a high of 51 percent in 2001. In 2006, natural gas accounted for 49 percent of all Texas electricity generation.
Coal was second but, following the national trend, saw its share of electricity generation decline by about 3 percent, from 39.3 percent in 1995 to 36.5 percent in 2006. Nuclear power's share remained relatively steady at about 10 percent, as did the fuel oils/LPG share, at about 0.5 percent.9
For more information on electricity, see Chapter 27.
Direct Use
Fossil fuels also are used in homes and businesses to provide heat. In 2004, Texans used about 641.2 trillion Btu of direct-use energy to heat homes and another 558.4 trillion Btu to heat commercial buildings.
In the same year, according to EIA, 49 percent of Texas' 8 million-plus homes were heated by natural gas or LPG (primarily propane); 49 percent were heated by electricity; and the remaining 2 percent of homes were heated by other sources such as wood and solar and geothermal energy.10
For more information on direct use, see Chapter 25.
In 2005 (most recent data available for both the U.S. and Texas), Americans used 28.3 quadrillion Btu of fuel to transport people or goods from one place to another (Exhibit 3-5).11
For more information on transportation fuels, see Chapter 26.
Exhibit 3-5
|Fuel Source
|U.S. Amount of Fuel Used (Trillion Btu)
|Texas Amount of Fuel Used (Trillion Btu)
|Petroleum Products
|Natural Gas*
|< 0.1%***
|< 0.1%***
*Natural gas used in the transportation sector is consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors and gas consumed as vehicle fuel.
**On the original EIA document, ethanol is listed twice: once as blended into motor gasoline and also separately, to display the use of renewable energy by the transportation sector.
***Ethanol and electricity used for transportation in Texas together accounted for 0.1 percent of all transportation fuel used in the state.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Fuel Consumption
Many factors affect fuel consumption. For example, the wide difference between the share of electricity produced by natural gas nationwide (18 percent) and in Texas (almost 50 percent) is largely a matter of climate, supply and infrastructure. Northern areas of the country import vast quantities of natural gas from the Gulf Coast and Canada, but more commonly use it for home heating rather than electricity generation. Texas, with a warmer climate, prolific supplies and an extensive pipeline infrastructure, uses natural gas to heat homes, generate electricity and run the massive petrochemical complex on the Texas Gulf Coast. The remainder is shipped by pipeline to the rest of the country.
Coal use is also affected by many factors. In northern areas, coal is the centuries-old traditional fossil fuel, while natural gas is a relative latecomer. Because high transportation costs naturally encourage an area to consume local coal, northern areas burn high-grade, cleaner-burning coal supplies from Appalachia and Wyoming, while Texas uses a combination of Wyoming coal and local, lower-grade supplies with lower heat value and higher emissions.
Texas Economic Impact
Non-renewable fuels, particularly oil and gas, have been the mainstays of the Texas economy throughout the 20th century and are still important today. The two fuels are so intertwined from production through consumption that federal and state governments combine their data on the two, which is why this chapter discusses oil and gas as a single entity.
The oil and gas industry remains a significant part of the Texas economy, but its relative importance has declined over the past 30 years. Texas crude oil and natural gas production peaked in 1972. In that year, the oil and gas industry represented more than 14 percent of Texas' gross state product (GSP). Its share of GSP continued to rise, largely due to increasing oil prices, to a peak of more than 26 percent of GSP in 1981. In 2006, the industry's share of GSP was 15.7 percent, up from its lowest point of 7.4 percent in 1999.12
Employment and Wages
During the 1970s and early 1980s, the health of the Texas economy largely depended on the price of oil. By 1981, oil prices reached $38 per barrel (the equivalent of nearly $87 in 2007). In that year, Texas employment in oil and gas extraction and oilfield machinery manufacturing totaled 366,200 jobs, or 6 percent of all nonfarm employment in the state. By July 1986, however, oil prices dropped to less than $12 per barrel ($21 in 2007 dollars), sending Texas into a 17-month recession. By 1987, Texas had lost 175,000 jobs in oil and gas extraction and oilfield machinery manufacturing.
In the past two decades, Texas' reliance on the oil and gas industry has decreased as the state has transitioned to a more service-oriented economy. Industries such as manufacturing, trade and services, transportation, communications, finance, insurance and real estate all have increased their share of the state's output. The overall result is a state economy that increasingly mirrors the national economy and is less dependent on energy prices.13
In 2006, the oil and gas industry employed more than 312,000 Texans, or 3.1 percent of the state's nonfarm jobs. That was slightly higher than 2000 levels, when oil and gas employment accounted for less than 3 percent, but considerably lower than its 4.3 percent share in 1990.14
Wages in the state oil and gas industry totaled $30.6 billion in 2006, accounting for 6.9 percent of all nonfarm wages.
The industry's contribution to the Texas GSP has risen every year since 2003, when it was $85.6 billion or 10.3 percent of the total. In 2004, the oil and gas share of GSP rose to $118.4 billion (13.1 percent of the total); in 2005, it was $142.2 billion (14.4 percent); in 2006, $159.3 billion and 14.9 percent, respectively.15 (See Chapters 4 and 5 for more information.)
Coal production contributed 2,241 mining jobs to the Texas economy in 2006.16 Other coal-related jobs may exist in other sectors, such as electricity generation, that are not included in these data. Wages totaled an estimated $167.6 million. (See Chapter 7 for more information.)
The state's two nuclear reactors – Luminant's Comanche Peak near Glen Rose and the South Texas Project (STP) in Matagorda County – employ a combined 2,150 persons, not including contractors. Total payroll for the two plants is approximately $196 million annually. (See Chapter 8 for more information.)
State Taxes and Revenues
Texas has several sources of tax revenue related to oil and gas, including severance taxes and motor fuels taxes.
Severance taxes include the oil production tax and the natural gas tax, both paid by producers based on the market price of each commodity. Until recently, revenue from both taxes had been declining steadily since the early 1980s (Exhibit 3-6). Due to higher oil and gas prices and an increase in production, however, severance tax collections jumped by 37 percent in 2006, to $3.2 billion. In 2006, severance taxes accounted for 9.1 percent of total state revenue, up from just 3 percent in 1999. Oil accounted for almost 2.5 percent and natural gas accounted for 6.6 percent (Exhibit 3-7).
Exhibit 3-7
View Exhibit 3-7: Oil and Gas Industry Tax Revenue as a Percentage of Total Tax Revenue, in Table Format.
Motor fuels taxes include consumption levies on gasoline, diesel fuel and liquefied petroleum gas. Both the diesel and gasoline taxes have been levied at a rate of 20 cents per gallon since 1991. In 2006, motor fuels taxes totaled nearly $3 billion in revenue, or nearly 9 percent of all state tax revenue (Exhibit 3-8).
Coal and uranium production and use contribute to federal, state and local tax revenues through income taxes, state franchise taxes, property taxes and indirectly through taxes paid by coal and nuclear power plant owners. No data are available, however, to identify or quantify revenues attributable to these energy sources.
Outlook for Texas
Texas leads the U.S. in the production and consumption of non-renewable fuels and the electricity generated from them. The U.S., in turn, leads the world. Our reliance on these fuels presents both challenges and choices for the future. The challenges will come in trying to provide a growing state with more energy; the choices will come in deciding how to accomplish that task. Because these fuels are so important to our lives and our economy, we must choose carefully for ourselves and for the generations to come.
- 1 International Energy Agency, Key World Energy Statistics (Paris, France, 2007), p. 6, available in pdf format from http://www.iea.org/Textbase/publications/free_new_Desc.asp?PUBS_ID=1199. (Last visited April 21, 2008.)
- 2 U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Energy Consumption Estimates by Source, 2005," http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_sum/plain_html/sum_btu_tot.html. (Last visited April 21, 2008.) Petroleum categories included asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs), lubricants, motor gasoline, residual fuel and other. The other fossil fuels, natural gas and coal, were counted separately.
- 3 U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Oil Shale & Tar Sands Programmatic EIS Information Center, "About Tar Sands," http://www.ostseis.anl.gov/guide/tarsands/index.cfm. (Last visited April 21, 2008.)
- 4 United Mine Workers of America, Underground Coal Mining: Types of Underground Coal Mines, http://www.umwa.org/who/underground/types.php. (Last visited April 21, 2008.) Also, see Colorado Geological Survey, Colorado Coal Directory 2005 http://geosurvey.state.co.us/Default.aspx?tabid=479. (Last visited April 21, 2008.) Colorado reported that its deepest mine in 2005, the West Elk Mine, was 2,300 feet deep.
- 5 Freese, Barbara, Coal: A Human History (New York: Penguin Books, 2003), pp. 15-16 (Britain) and pp. 204-205 (China).
- 6 International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2006, Chapter on Energy for Cooking in Developing Countries, p. 435, http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/2006.asp. (Last visited April 21, 2008.)
- 7 An excellent chart detailing the sources and uses of energy may be found at U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review, "Energy Flow, 2006" http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/diagram1.html. (Last visited April 21, 2008.)
- 8 U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Net Generation by Energy Source by Type of Producer," http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epat1p1.html. (Last visited April 21, 2008.)
- 9 U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Annual 2006–State Data Tables," http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sprdshts.html. (Last visited April 21, 2008.)
- 10 U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Profiles, Texas," http://www.eia.doe.gov/overview_hd.html. (Last visited April 21, 2008.)
- 11 U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005," http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_sum/plain_html/sum_btu_tra.html. (Last visited April 21, 2008.)
- 12 Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Oil&GasEmpWages&GSPJAN2008.xls, Austin, Texas, March 6, 2008. (Internal data with supplementary data from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.)
- 13 Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, "The Effect of High Oil Prices on Today's Texas Economy," Southwest Economy (September/October 2004), http://www.dallasfed.org/research/swe/2004/swe0405a.html. (Last visited April 21, 2008.)
- 14 Texas Comptroller calculation based on data obtained from Texas Workforce Commission.
- 15 Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Oil&GasEmpWages&GSPJAN2008.xls, Austin, Texas, March 6, 2008. (Internal data with supplementary data from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.)
- 16 Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts calculation based on data obtained from Texas Workforce Commission.


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Faster Recovery With Symantec: Comparative Testing of Data Protection Solutions
Registration not required
Executive Summary
The presenter of this webcast will provide an overview of the test processes, highlight key findings about current solutions in the marketplace, and relate why they are important to any business running Microsoft Exchange and/or VMware environments. The attendee will learn the challenges of protecting Exchange environments, alternatives to protecting VMware environments and how Symantec's approach can reduce backup windows and speed up recovery.
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Library Core Floors 2-4
November 18, 2014 to May 31, 2015
Read to Lead, a partnership between the Oviatt Library and CSUN Athletics, highlights the reading habits of CSUN leaders. An important part of this exhibit includes each leader talking about a book that has influenced his or her life and career.
Past Exhibition
Music & Media
January 31, 2014 to May 23, 2014
In celebration of the Chinese New Year of the Horse, which begins on January 31, 2014, CSUN China Institute and Oviatt Library Music and Media have created a special "Chinese New Year and Culture Exhibition," which covers four major themes: Chinese New Year Celebration; Beijing Opera at CSUN and CSUN Music in China; Chinese Olympic Stars at CSUN; and Chinese Tea Culture.Read More
Past Exhibition
Special Collections & Archives Reading Room
January 1, 2014 to May 31, 2014
The 6.7-magnitude Northridge Earthquake occurred at 4:31am on Monday, January 17, 1994. Its epicenter was around Wilbur Avenue and Arminta Street in Northridge, about a mile from campus. The earthquake and subsequent aftershocks caused extensive destruction to the Northridge and Sherman Oaks areas.Read More
Current Exhibition
C.K. and Teresa Tseng Exhibit Gallery
September 17, 2013 to December 19, 2014
Collective social action movements have been a part of American life since the nation's earliest days whether spontaneous expressions of dissent or high-reaching attempts to change society. While protest movements are not an exclusively American phenomenon, our ability to express dissent has become a defining characteristic of our American identity, rights, and freedoms.Read More


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Published April 1, 2012 | April 2012 issue
An important deadline for borrowers who may be eligible to receive compensation for a recent mortgage foreclosure has been extended to July 31, 2012. The extension, announced by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Board) and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), gives eligible borrowers whose loans were in foreclosure in 2009 or 2010 more time to request an independent, third-party review of the foreclosure processes for their loans. If deficiencies are found, the borrowers may receive compensation.
The review process was established in an April 2011 legal settlement that the Board and OCC reached with a number of companies that serviced mortgages that were in foreclosure. Mortgage servicing refers to the ongoing administrative work of collecting mortgage payments from borrowers and distributing the payments to investors who own the mortgages. Other servicing responsibilities may include sending payment and tax statements to borrowers, reporting on loan performance to investors, managing escrow accounts, and acting as the investors' agent to resolve problems with the mortgages, such as delinquencies or foreclosures.
The settlement reached by the regulators and the mortgage servicers only includes mortgages for which a foreclosure was initiated, pending, or completed between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2010. The mortgages must have been serviced by one of the participating mortgage servicers during that time frame. (For a list of the participating servicers, see the table below.) In addition, the property securing the loan must have been the borrower's primary residence. Borrowers who meet these criteria and believe that they were financially harmed during the mortgage foreclosure process must request an independent review of their respective foreclosure as the first step toward potentially receiving compensation.click to view larger image
After receiving a request from an eligible borrower, the mortgage servicers subject to this action are required to retain an independent consultant to review the foreclosure. The independent review is intended to determine if borrowers suffered financial harm directly resulting from errors, misrepresentations, or other deficiencies that may have occurred during the foreclosure process. Based on this review, the servicers are required to compensate borrowers for financial injury resulting from deficiencies in their foreclosure processes.
Examples of some, but not all, of the situations that may have led to financial injury are:
Eligible borrowers who have already filed a complaint against any of these mortgage servicers regarding their 2009 or 2010 foreclosure may still seek an independent review of their foreclosure. The review is free to borrowers; that is, borrowers pay nothing to request a review, and eligible borrowers pay nothing to receive a review. Borrowers should be wary of anyone who requests a payment for assisting them in connection with the independent foreclosure review or any other foreclosure assistance program.
Information about the review process, including how to request an independent review, was mailed to potentially eligible borrowers in November and December 2011. Additional efforts are currently being made by mortgage servicers to reach out again to as many affected borrowers as possible. After an independent review request has been made, borrowers will be sent an acknowledgement letter from the review administrator within one week. Individuals will be notified in writing of the results of the review. Because the review process will be a thorough and complete examination of many details and documents, it could take several months to complete.
The Board and the OCC will monitor the independent foreclosure review process and the servicers' outreach efforts. To facilitate the review process, Rust Consulting was selected and hired by the servicers to serve as the central administrator of the independent foreclosure review and will notify borrowers, receive requests for a review, and respond to questions about the independent foreclosure review process.
Requests for review by the servicers' independent consultants must be received by July 31, 2012. Borrowers are encouraged to carefully consider the details of the review program to determine if they are eligible to participate. If borrowers meet the three criteria but have not received a mailing, they are urged to call 888-952-9105 weekdays from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. (EST) and Saturdays from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (EST). Individuals can read more information about the review program at www.IndependentForeclosureReview.com, a web site set up by the servicers.


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Candidates' Questions Asked in Dishonest Manner
(April 30) the Gold Trail Grange in Coloma hosted a candidate forum for District 4 Supervisor. The audience was allowed to ask questions but that process was dishonest.
The questions had to be written, which we were told would be "pulled from a hat." Instead, a man was rewriting them. I confronted him and asked why he took out "Howard Penn" from the question, "What does End Developer Influence mean?" He said that "each question would be asked to all candidates, and each candidate would be allowed time to answer." Further, that "No individual questions are allowed."
Then he started throwing some questions away. I objected again, and he said that those are duplicate questions. I argued that if 20 people in the audience wanted a question answered, and they were all thrown in a hat, that improved the odds of the question being asked. "No, no, we can't have that," he said. He returned to editing questions, crossing out lines and changing words, making every effort to hide the questions, but didn't throw any away while I was watching. I realized it was hopeless and took a seat.
When the question period began there was no hat, no random process for choosing questions as promised. The tall stack of questions, now just a few. Questions were not asked to all candidates as promised, but only to specific candidates, with no opportunity for rebuttal. The agenda had been manipulated and controlled for the benefit of … who?
This was the most blatant disregard for our democratic process I have ever witnessed, and I stood up, voiced my specific objections and left to applause along with about 20 others in the audience.
Who was responsible for this despicable act of agenda control? The League of Women Voters representative John Garon and the Gold Trail Grange. This was not a local gathering for democracy, but a planned dog and pony show of deceptive tyranny. John used a twist on the Delphi technique and threw out any questions that might expose his agenda.
The LOWV, John Garon and the Gold Trail Grange owe this county and the candidates for Supervisor of District 4 a public apology for their egregious conduct, an explanation of why and how it could possibly happen, plus a solemn pledge that it will never happen again.
Garden Valley
I am sorry to see that Harry Mercado and John Garon are not prepared to own up to intentionally controlling the content of a public Candidates Forum. Nor is Harry willing to own up to what I was told would happen at the front door...questions pulled from a hat (randomly selected), no individual questions to candidates, all candidates allowed time to answer each question. This would have been real democracy in action. Whether or not "my" questions would have been asked is not the issue. (By the way, how would you know my questions from any of the others Harry? I didn't sign any of them.) The issue is that everyone present would have had an equal chance of having their question asked, without having someone preset the agenda to "meet my objectives". For your information Harry, we didn't attend the Forum so we could meet your objectives, we attended so we could hear a democratic presentation of the views of each candidate so we could better decide who to vote for. Your views, Harry, should have zero to do with that decision. Voting is an intensely personal decision conducted by secret ballot. At least, it used to be. When I realized that the whole process had been rigged, I stood up and itemized how each promise had been broken, how the meeting had been set-up and the democratic process violated. Then I left the meeting. While "stomping out" sounds great, I walked out peacefully. And sorry Harry, but there were lot's of folks outside who thanked me for standing up and agreed the process was rigged. Even candidates, who I have seen at other events, stepped up and shook my hand while thanking me for doing so. Where you get the ego to think that you know better than everyone else, that you can choose the questions, set the agenda, and control the content of a public candidate forum is beyond me. I hope that the candidates will boycott all forums at the Coloma Gold Trail Grange from this point forward unless you publicly apologize. For that matter, I hope that all the candidates will demand randomly selected questions submitted by the public before they agree to attend any forum, to avoid such a debacle in the future. And Harry, attacking women, calling them names, insinuating dark, evil thoughts and actions makes you, plain and simple, a bully. Look in the mirror, knock it off. Get a grip, Harry, you made a mistake. Own up to it and move on. Same goes for you John. And by the way Harry, you identified John Garon as a representative of the League of Women Voters - that's how they got dragged into this. Step up and apologize, in writing. P.S. You may be interested in this link about Mr Penn: http://www.mtdemocrat.com/essentials/dui-log-2/ It is well within the perview of a single term of office (4 years) and since most Supervisors serve 2 terms if possible, 8-10 years seems very fair in considering a candidates driving record. They will, after all, be driving county vehicles on county business on county insurance placing all of us at risk. Or...didn't you think this question was important enough to ask?
This is how they do it!!
Latest News InEDC
Candidates' Questions Asked in Dishonest Manner at http://www.inedc.com/1-8744
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By Elyse Shirley
INDIANA -- During spirited debate Monday night, members of IUP's student council voted to amend -- and apparently ignore -- their bylaws and extend by a half year the terms of their two top leaders.
The change was adopted on an 11-7 voice vote during a meeting in Eberly 409 that was attended by about 20 Student Government Association members, a faculty adviser and a reporter. No roll call was taken.
The new bylaw provision was not spelled out. But it means SGA President David C. Bivens and Vice President Andrew S. Longacre -- both elected to one year terms in April 2010 -- will retain their leadership positions until December.
Under old student-government bylaws, their terms would end April 18, the last SGA meeting of the semester, following April 4 elections.


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|Well it looks like the banks have decided in their majesty to grant us the short sale that we offered to buy last March. It apparently takes banks a very long time to make their decisions. The place is a wreck and extensive remodeling is in order (didn't they look at it before they made those HUGE loans? That amount of neglect did not happen overnight. The location is perfect though.)
Anyway, I would prefer not to reconfigure the kitchen which has an island cooktop. Currently there is a downdraft vent. Been there, done that. It needs a hood even for my beloved induction cooktop. Do you also add drop lighting? My favorite Houzz kitchen happens to have an island cooktop with mini-pendants on either side of a glass canopy hood, but it might be a touch busy? I can't judge the spacing and size of the island from the picture, either. I know that people are skeptical about the "skylight" vent, but perhaps that would be adequate for induction? I currently have a Broan bathroom type fan that was original to my mid-mod house and it is actually adequate for venting pasta pot steam, but not for the occasional exercise in meat searing.
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Wow...108 boards have moved frome here.
Find a Conversation
Wow...108 boards have moved frome here.
|Wed, 04-09-2003 - 4:42pm
I can't believe that many people are unhappy with the new setup.
|Thu, 04-10-2003 - 8:23am
I don't really believe that that many boards have left. I saw that same message, and I checked out some of the boards (there was a FTM board listed) and they only had one or two messages from members I didn't recognize. Yes, there have been some boards that totally left, but I don't think that many (108) have really left. Kristie


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Grandmas make some pretty awesome things – pies, sweaters, and techinically, you. But can you say that your grandma ever made a village??? Ours certainly didn't. Between 1956 and 1981 Tressa "Grandma" Prisbrey built Bottle Village using tens of thousands of bottles in mortar. The village is "an otherworld of shrines, wishing wells, walkways, random constructions, plus 15 life size structures all made from found objects." The 1/3 acre lot in Simi Valley, CA is literally littered with the various structures that Ms. Prisbrey created as a hobby, constructive creative outlet and playful reminder of the joy of upcycling. Unfortunately, a 1994 earthquake has left the village damaged and in need of repair, but recent media attention has helped bring in new visitors and a renewed interest in preserving this wonderful and unique place.
Since Grandma Prisbrey's passing in 1988 at the age of 92, the property has been maintained by a small group of dedicated individuals and generous grants. If you are in the LA area, swing by for a visit and experience the magic that these pictures can only begin to convey. You'll be supporting the memory of Grandma Prisbrey and the spirit of making crappy stuff awesome that has definitely seen a revival in recent times. Bottle Village needs you! Please visit their website to learn more about this inspirational and wondrous place and how you can help.
+ Grandma Prisbrey Bottle Village Video
Photos by Kathy LaForce©, used with permission
3 Comments
JazzyMe July 15, 2012 at 1:42 am
Grew up in Simi Vally. Sis still lives there. We went to see it mant times. It's beautiful!
laforce2 October 19, 2009 at 2:31 am
Dear Trey,
Kathy La Force
davidwayneosedach August 6, 2009 at 8:33 pm
What a fabulous idea and interesting design! We could use Grandma's villages all over the United States.
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TORONTO —General manager Alex Anthopoulos gave his battered pitching corps a little relief Friday. Ray Lewis Purple Jersey . The Toronto Blue Jays acquired pitchers J.A. Happ, Brandon Lyon and David Carpenter in a 10-player deal with the Houston Astros. They also recalled outfielder Travis Snider from triple-A Las Vegas. Toronto sent pitcher Francisco Cordero and outfielder Ben Francisco along with four minor-league players—right-handers Joe Musgrove and Asher Wojciechowski, left-hander David Rollins and catcher Carlos Perez—and a player to be named later to Houston. "This was a depth deal," Anthopoulos said during a conference call. "I think it looks like a greater deal because of the quantity of players but at the end of the day we gave up some guys in A ball that we think have a chance to be all right and we got some much-needed depth that can help us for the current year and going forward. "I dont think Im saying anything crazy by acknowledging that these are not our top prospects and I dont think anyone wouldve expected us to include those guys. We need some depth going forward for the current year and beyond that . . . with the guys that are up here, our depth has really been attacked." Left-hander Happ and Lyon, a right-hander, are expected to join the Blue Jays on Saturday and both will throw out of the bullpen. However, Anthopoulos said Happ could find himself in the starting rotation if a current member struggles or is hurt. Carpenter, a 27-year-old right-hander, will report to triple-A Las Vegas. It has already been a bizarre year for Torontos pitching rotation with starters Henderson Alvarez, Brandon Morrow, Kyle Drabek and Drew Hutchison all hurt. But the Blue Jays injury woes havent been limited to its pitching as slugger Jose Bautista (wrist) and third baseman Brett Lawrie (calf) are also among the clubs walking wounded. The addition of Happ and Carpenter does offer Toronto some security as Happ is under club control through 2014 while Carpenter is signed through 2017. Lyon is slated to become a free agent at the end of the season. "We like Happs ability to strike guys out," Anthopoulos said. "Obviously a guy like Brandon Lyon is having a solid year. He has been hurt in the past but Cordero obviously hasnt pitched as well as hes certainly capable of and we think swapping out Lyon with Cordero will help our bullpen for the current year. "A guy like David Carpenter is someone we liked at the end of last year. I know he hasnt been up with the Astros very long and was sent back down but hes a guy with pretty good arm strength and has some upside." Happ, 29, is in his sixth major league season and has a 7-9 record and 4.83 earned-run average in 18 starts this year. The six-foot-six, 195-pound left-hander has a 32-33 career record and 4.16 ERA with Philadelphia (2007-10) and Houston (2010-12). Lyon, 32, is 0-2 with a 3.75 ERA in 37 relief appearances. The right-hander is returning to Toronto after breaking into the majors with the club in 2001-02 but only appeared in 15 games last year due to tendinitis in his right biceps. Carpenter is in his second major league season having posted an 0-2 record and 6.07 ERA in 30 relief appearances. Snider, 24, hit .335 with 13 homers and 56 RBIs in 56 games with Las Vegas. He is scheduled to be in uniform for Friday nights game in Boston. "We may have given him a few more games (at Las Vegas) because it looked like he was starting to get hot," Anthopoulos said of Snider. "But with the trade being done it was obviously the time to make the move now." To make room on the 40-man roster, right-hander Robert Coello was transferred to the 60-day disabled list. Anthopoulos couldnt say whether hell make another deal before the July 31 non-waiver trade deadline. "I really have no idea," he said frankly. "We dont have this expectation that we have to make a move. "All we continue to do at all times is try to make the team better whenever we can. We continue to be active year-round and whenever we can make a trade to get better we will." Cordero, 37, was 3-5 with two saves in 41 appearances for Toronto this season. He has 329 career saves, second among active players behind Mariano Rivera of the New York Yankees (608). In 794 career relief appearances, Cordero has a 3.28 ERA and registered 40 or more saves three times in his career. "I just dont think he could ever get on track here, we couldnt get him on track," Anthopoulos said of Cordero. "I think hell perform a lot better for the Astros with a fresh start. "The one thing is this guy was an unbelievable teammate, hes a pro. You cant help but admire the way he went about it day in and day out. Even with just the struggles he had this year, the way he carried himself the way he handled himself he definitely was one of the most respected guys in our clubhouse so from that standpoint youre sad to lose that element that he brought." Francisco hit .244 in 23 games for the Blue Jays this season and has .259 career average with 45 homers in 483 career games with Cleveland, Philadelphia and Toronto. "This is a very good deal for us," Houston general manager Jeff Luhnow told The Associated Press. "Once again, we are adding depth to our minor-league system with quality young players. "We really feel this will help us moving forward and are extremely excited about the players weve added to our organization." Torrey Smith Jersey . Watch live coverage on TSN right now. The 1-5 Bombers are looking to new quarterback Joey Elliott to secure just their second win of the season. "The message has been sent, we have to pick it up," said veteran Winnipeg offensive lineman Glenn January. Ray Lewis Pink Jersey . The Whitecaps selected Estridge 21st overall of the 2012 MLS draft. A product of Indiana University, the right fullback took part in the early stages of pre-season training with Vancouver before being released on Feb. http://www.nflravenssportstore.com/anquan-boldin-jersey/ . —Even George Cortez was impressed by his quarterbacks numbers. Ray Rice Black Jersey . A source told Globe and Mail hockey columnist David Shoalts on Friday that the unrestricted free agent forward is looking for a four-year, $30 million contract if he leave the Phoenix Coyotes – the only franchise hes ever played for. Ray Rice Elite Jersey . General manager Sandy Alderson said Wednesday that the left-hander was going on the 15-day DL with inflammation in his lower back. DENVER —The Colorado Rockies finally got solid pitching to back up their bats and handed Arizona a costly defeat. Tyler Chatwood pitched effectively into the sixth inning, Andrew Brown homered and the Rockies beat the Diamondbacks 4-2 on Monday night to end a nine-game losing streak. Jason Kubel homered for the Diamondbacks, who have slim hopes of a late-season playoff push. Arizona fell 5 1/2 games behind St. Louis with nine remaining in the race for the second NL wild card. "Were not out of it yet," Kubel said. "Some things can happen." Tyler Colvin and Charlie Blackmon had two hits each for Colorado. Rafael Betancourt worked the ninth for his 30th save. For one night, at least, the Rockies (59-94) avoided tying the franchise record for losses in a season with a useful performance from Chatwood. Colorados pitchers had allowed 33 runs on 48 hits through the first three games of this series before holding the Diamondbacks to five hits Monday. The Rockies offence couldnt keep pace despite piling up 42 hits over the weekend. "When you get effective starting pitching we can be a very effective ballclub," manager Jim Tracy said. "We can hit, and weve done it all year. Now, we get the other parts squared away the way we want, we can build on it." The Rockies allowed at least four runs in eight games during their losing streak and three times gave up 10 or more. Chatwood (5-5) settled things down in the finale of this four-game series. He gave up three hits and two runs before three relievers combined to retire 10 of the final 12 Arizona batters. "Getting ahead and staying ahead," Chatwood said. "Ive been building off my last two outings. The results werent there but I felt good about them. Just building off that and kept it going." Betancourt set down his first two in the ninth before yyielding consecutive singles. Dennis Pitta Super bowl Jersey. John McDonald lined out to right field to end the game. "Losing nine games in a row, we can get that filed away," Tracy said. Trevor Cahill (12-12) allowed three runs—two earned—on nine hits and struck out six in six innings. "He gave us a chance to win but they just shut us down tonight," Arizona manager Kirk Gibson said. "We had an opportunity, our best opportunity, late in the game off Betancourt and it just didnt work out." Colorado led 1-0 entering the fourth when Kubel sent an 82 mph changeup into the second deck in right field for a two-run homer. It was his career-high 30th. "I got a changeup that he left out over the plate fortunately that was my bat speed tonight and it went out," Kubel said. "But he looked pretty good today." The Rockies responded in their half of the inning. Colvin led off with a single, Chris Nelson walked and Matt McBride


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Seahawks Blog
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Doug Baldwin, John Moffitt practice without limitation
Doug Baldwin appears headed to a return to the active roster this week as he practiced Thursday without limitation.
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Bill Blackman
Bill started ministry at the age of 21 as a youth pastor in Burnaby BC. During that time completed his BA in Biblical Studies at Trinity Western University in Langley BC. Seven years later Bill and his wife Debra left BC and entered the Salvation Army's Training College (Seminary) and were ordained as Officers (pastors) two years later. Bill and Debra moved to Milton Ontario, where they planted a church, ran The Salvation Army's social work, and started their family with the Birth of Liam in 2006 and Micah in 2009. In 2010 The Salvation Army moved them back to BC to take the leadership of the Willows community church, where they continue to minister. They also were blessed with the birth of Hudson in January of 2011.
"What has been amazing about my journey in ministry so far is watching God lead me through every aspect of my life, bringing together people and experiences from my past to help with current situations and leadership needs, I believe God has significant plans for the Willows over the next Decade and I am excited to be a part of it".


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Thread: Metformin - weight - HELP
Metformin - weight - HELP
Hi- my consultant spoke to me for the 1st time about metformin and all he talked about was that it would help me loose weight. I feel frustrated because he didnt say anything else about it, so i was wondering what its other benefits for pcos are e.g does it help to bring back a period. Like i said all he said about it was the weight thing, but absolutely nothing else. If any of you could let me know how you have felt with it. i dont know about going on it as i dont have enough info however im worried as i havent had a period for a year and a half. sorry to ramble but if anyone could let me know your thoguhts and your experiences i would really really appreciate it. thank you
I was on metformin for 5 years before conceiving with my first child. It helped me loose a small amount of weight and my periods were slightly more regular but not that good. I got some horrible side effects at first but this does pass.
I had clomid and metformin together when I conceived. I am back on metformin for last 3 years whilst ttc for baby no2. Have odd side effect and so far have been loosing odd couple of lb's in weight which has been good. My periods however are all over the place.
Dont let this put you off though as everyone responds differently to itSarah (29) Hidden Content DH Adam (32)
BFP Oct 2006
Daughter born 24/5/07
Clomid started 21/3/12
Son born 22/12/13
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From what I see I think the majority of PCOSers take metformin for insulin resistance. I've been taking it since Feb 14th and currently on 1500mg. I feel a ton better. I don't have sugar crashes anymore where I would go from not hungry to omg I need to eat NOW. I try to watch my carbs and refined sugars (although not very strictly) and I've lost 15lbs since I've started it. You should google "metformin for PCOS", you should find some useful info on what the domino effect is with your hormones and why they think you should take it.
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I've been on met since 2009. Yes, starting it can give some nasty s/e, but they go away after a couple of weeks.
It did help regulate my cycles, though by "regulate" I mean they were between 25 and 40 days long. But at least they were that. Before met, it could be six or more months before AF would visit. But also, my cycles get far more predictable when I loose weight. I've seen that 3 or 4 times . It doesn't have to be a lot, but just the process of losing seems to make my body respond well.
I believe in met's ability to help sustain a pregnancy for a lot of us PCOS women, too. I mc'd my first baby when I was off it, but I've been on it this whole pregnancy, and things are going beautifully. And I've even reading a lot of cysters have better milk supply while on it if they want to bf. I hope this information is useful to you. There's a ton of info about it an PCOS on the internet though, so definitely do your research if you feel questionable about going on it.Melissa & Luke Married since Sept. 2006
TTC since March 2008
Met ER 750 mg 2x daily - Aug 2010
BFP - 11/23/2010!! MC - 12/5/10 Hidden Content
50 mg clomid & Met Oct. 2011 - BFP 11/1/11!!
DD born July 2012 Hidden Content
To answer the period question - yes if the Metformin is working it should help you to get AF somewhat regularly. My doctor told me I would know if it was working if I started getting my period without having to take provera. From what I've seen, weight loss is also common but that isn't really the medication's main purpose.
I just started taking it and haven't noticed any side effects so far but I am also on a low dose. I found the Wikipedia article on it somewhat helpful for answering basic questions.
There is some good information on WebMD: Put this into your web browser address bar: women.webmd.com/metformin-glucophage-for-polycystic-ovary-syndrome
(I don't have enough posts yet to use links, sorry!)
There are some side effects - I was on a low dose of Metformin over 5 years ago when first diagnosed with PCOS, along with Yaz birth control pill. Both helped me tremendously! No ovary pain and I did lose some weight. My cystic acne and hairy toes/knuckles/upper lip also subsided. I took myself off Met about 2 years ago...much to my recent regret. In the past 6 months I've put on 15 pounds, acne is back, and I'm losing hair in an androgenic alopecia manner (male hair loss on women). A few weeks ago I went back on Metformin with exciting results. With healthy eating and walking 2-3 miles each day I'm getting back on track. I've lost a little weight, acne is completely gone, and my hair loss is less. I'm not and have never been trying to conceive, I just needed to deal with the insulin resistance, being overweight, ovary pain, and metabolic syndrome that ensued from not treating my PCOS.
Now --- when I very first went on Metformin the pharmacy messed up the Rx and didn't fill it with the XR (extended release) version. My side effects just from 500mg were HORRID. I mean...like...I had to have a bathroom within my vicinity for 3 hrs after taking one - even if I ate a nice whole grain meal. I found relief by taking it at night with a bowl of multigrain cheerios and soy milk.
This time - I'm on XR and popped 1000mg straight away with NO ILL EFFECTS. So - if you are not on XR, do talk to your doctor about it. I hate to see women turned off Met b/c of the side effects. If you DO have them, it WILL get better. Mainly watch what you eat --- no high fat, try to cut refined sugars, and try to eat whole grains while generally cutting carbs. I really liked the book "the PCOS Diet Book" when I first started dealing with this. It helped teach me about low-glycemic index eating and why it's important for IR/PCOS.
There are resources that abound online about PCOS and the link to IR or pre-diabetes. Come up with some questions to ask your doctor. Be sure to have the right bloodwork in 3 months to check your kidney/liver function while on Metformin. If you have "crashes" while starting Met...meaning...all of a sudden you are shaky and feel like passing out b/c you aren't used to the right insulin production/levels...do carry with you glucose tablets or a very sugary candy. I had issues when I started b/c I so messed up, I went the other way for a few weeks and needed to carry glucose tabs.
GOOD LUCK Sometimes, doctors need patients to ask questions. I know that's not always easy with some doctors. I find it helps to go in with a pad of paper and questions written down. I'll hand the doctor the paper and say, "I don't want to forgot to go over these questions before I leave or before I get too shy/intimidated to ask" THat's helped me tremendously.
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Oh...and on the weight loss. Metformin alone might help a little --- but really --- if you have been told you need to lose weight, then make a plan to. Eat healthier and exercise --- even if that means walking around the block for 20 minutes, it's something. For healthier eating, if you are struggling then even simple changes like "no butter" or "a serving of cereal, like choco-rice krispies replaces an evening bowl of icecream" can begin to help. It's about habit changing Then, once you can do a few little things you might have the power to do something more like Weight Watchers points or joining a gym or finding a walking buddy (Meetup is great for that! Most women's groups have walking buddy events).
you can get them at any pharmacy - usually with the diabetic supplies - just ask the pharmacy tech
If I remember right...I read about it in the larger insert with my first Rx about it causing extremely low sugar which can make you shaky, very hungry in an "uh-oh something is wrong" kinda way.
If you have "crashes" while starting Met...meaning...all of a sudden you are shaky and feel like passing out b/c you aren't used to the right insulin production/levels...do carry with you glucose tablets or a very sugary candy. I had issues when I started b/c I so messed up, I went the other way for a few weeks and needed to carry glucose tabs.
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just curious about this "crash" you speak of."Fear less, hope more; eat less, chew more; whine less, breathe more; talk less, say more; love more, and all good things will be yours."
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I am sorry maybe you could be a little more specific and tell which links exactly, may help?"Fear less, hope more; eat less, chew more; whine less, breathe more; talk less, say more; love more, and all good things will be yours."


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Former Vice-President of Visual Effects at 20th Century Fox to Spearhead Gener8's Expansion into Growing VFX Post-Production Market
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, February 11, 2014 - Gener8 Media Corp. (CNSX: GNR) announced today that Jennifer Meislohn has joined the company as managing director of its new visual effects (VFX) division called The Feder8tion, which will specialize in composite, set extension and environment work. The Feder8tion plans to hire up to 30 new employees by the end of the summer.
Meislohn comes to The Feder8tion after nearly a decade at 20th Century Fox, where she oversaw major films such as Life of Pi, Chronicle, the Night at the Museum franchises and Titanic 3D. At The Feder8tion, Meislohn will be responsible for identifying, managing and delivering VFX post-production film work to build on the success of Gener8's existing business.
"I've seen firsthand the impact that Gener8 has had on Hollywood's 3D conversion industry," said Meislohn. "From a groundbreaking process and technology to a growing list of major studio clients and films, Gener8 is fast becoming recognized as a key player for unbeatable quality and service. I'm very excited to get The Feder8tion up and running and help expand the business in a broader direction."
"Jennifer has seen the VFX industry evolve and clearly brings an interesting collaborative approach to handling the work," says Paul Becker, Executive Producer of Gener8. "I'm excited to see her build The Feder8tion and ultimately influence the VFX landscape with a new approach to business."
Rory Armes, Founder and CEO of Gener8 added: "We are delighted to add Jennifer to our growing team. Her financial and operational expertise will help us build on our success in Hollywood, and open up doors to new and lucrative opportunities."
About Gener8
Gener8 is a media technology company with two divisions--a studio and a technology group. Its studio is an industry leader in 3D stereo conversion services for the entertainment industry, with many high profile credits including The Amazing Spider-Man, Ghost Rider 2 and Harry Potter. The technology division provides 3D technology and cloud-based data management and analytics (Cumul8) to the entertainment industry. Gener8's head office is located in Vancouver, British Columbia and has approximately 200 employees. The executive team draws on years of experience developing graphics technology in commercial software, video games and the film industry. To learn more, visit the company website: http://www.gener8.com
"Rory Armes"
Rory Armes
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Danielle Michael
Vice President of Corporate Affairs
The CNSX does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Forward Looking Statements
Except for statements of historical fact, this news release contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable securities law. Forward-looking statements are frequently characterized by words such as "plan", "expect", "project", "intend", "believe", "anticipate", "estimate" and other similar words, or statements that certain events or conditions "may" occur. In particular, forward-looking statements in this press release include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to: The Feder8tion and future hiring. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results, performance or developments to differ materially from those contained in the statements including, without limitation, risks with respect to: general economic conditions in Canada and globally; film industry conditions; potential delays or changes in plans with respect to deployment of services or capital expenditures; possibility that government policies or laws may change; the development, implementation and execution of the Company's strategic vision; and legal and/or regulatory risks.
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This 10 hectares site in San would not have previously been
Sounds like a professional company, good luck
Is this the same Simplifile they partnered with in 2009?
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Combine comfort with elegance in the Bella Rose molded triangle top. Gorgeous draping and center tie are the standouts of this cleverly-constructed bikini top. Super flattering, this tie-back and halter design will ensure that this top will have you looking your most stylish with every wear!
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