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R-OSGi, or how to call OSGi services remotely: Part I
Java 7 (OpenJDK/IcedTea) for the BUG 2.0
BitBake Commander 0.6.8 - Installers!
node.js for BUG 2.0
OpenEmbedded Tools for Eclipse 0.6.0
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Getting the files into Eclipse: steb
OpenEmbedded Tools for Eclipse
BitBake Commander 0.6.5
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kgilmer's Blog
Gnome-Mobile (re)defining itself?
November 21, 2008
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As happy consumers of user interface technologies from the Gnome-Mobile project, we are always interested to know what's coming down the pipe next. Recently an interesting discussion on proposed goals for the project was started by Stormy Peters and it evolved into a discussion on the very nature of the project. It makes for good reading if your curious about the future of mobile Linux user interfaces and a great example of communities and projects...
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The value of community and openness: An Example
November 19, 2008
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We at Bug have always believed in the power of open source communities and projects. We believe in the power of free access to information, which thus gives the do-ers of the world the ability to take control. These concepts are frequently discussed in our main blog: bugblogger.com. We have talked about BUG the concept and Bug the company as radically open. While our belief in the power of open is strong, it's sometimes hard...
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Svenska from Malmö
November 19, 2008
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I am in Sweden at OREDEV, a software development conference. I was invited here to talk about BUG and am very happy to attend. Yesterday I presented a three hour tutorial on BUG, and we developed a few apps, inluding XmasTree and Puck. Overall things went pretty well, but we did have some troubles with IP over USB on Windows and Mac machines. We're working on the issue and hope to have better solutions shortly. ...
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BitBake Commander in Action
November 05, 2008
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I have been holding off on doing any OE/Poky work until I was able to use OTE to do it. Well, I was finally able to use the recipe editor and the console integration to upgrade our OSGi bundles from our old CVS repository to SVN. And I'm playing around with swfdec from the OE dev branch. While there are many rough edges it is working well! I was able to check in recipes, search...
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Using ServiceTrackerHelper rather than the AST
November 05, 2008
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While working on some tutorial material I pulled up the old SimpleGUI application. It's pretty basic, but I've always been mildly troubled by the verbosity of the boiler plate code in the AbstractServiceTracker. A while back I wrote some helper code that hides as much of that code as possible (for simple service tracking cases only) called ServiceTrackerHelper. Here's the result:Using AbstractServiceTracker (Activator.java): public class Activator implements BundleActivator { private OneButtonAWTServiceTracker stc; private ServiceTracker st;...
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OpenEmbedded Tools for Eclipse 0.4.0
November 04, 2008
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A quick release that adds minimal console support. Essentially a console (terminal) can be associated with each OE/Poky project in a workspace, and some simple bitbake integration allows one-click building of packages. Note this is by using the BitBake environment, not CDT. Updatesite: http://bugcommunity.com/downloads/files/ote/updatesite/
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November 04, 2008
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Some of the evening crew had some champagne to celebrate the US election today. According to predictions this election will have the largest voter turnout ever in US history!
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a new lil friend: buglabsbot
November 04, 2008
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hrw, the latest to join the bug developer team, has provided us with a precious little gift: buglabsbot. Mainly, it can dance: (04:09:26) kgilmer: buglabsbot: dance (04:09:28) buglabsbot: 0-< (04:09:30) buglabsbot: 0-/ (04:09:30) buglabsbot: 0-\ But it can also do things like alert us to build failures and such. So exciting! Come to #buglabs on freenode to see our wonderfull little friend!
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OpenEmbedded Tools for Eclipse
November 03, 2008
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Comments (120)
Alex and I have been working on some plugins to let us use our favorite IDE with our favorite embedded Linux distro builder. We now have some basic functionality in place that will allow minimal support of OpenEmbedded within Eclipse. The functionality can be summarized into three areas: 1. Using OpenEmbedded and Poky Linux toolchains from within an Eclipse C project.2. Running a cross-compiled binary in a Poky-built QEMU environment.3. Viewing, Editing, and creating BitBake...
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Getting ready for ØREDEV
November 03, 2008
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Comments (61)
Several months back I was asked by some folks if I'd like to talk about the BUG at ØREDEV, in Malmo, Sweden. I'm pretty excited about it and am in fact throwing together a pretty interesting tutorial. It's a great opportunity to get my head of the gears for a bit and see the BUG from a more general perspective: as a cohesive set of APIs and hardware. It will be my first time at...
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Labyrinth (film)
Theatrical release poster
|Directed by
|Jim Henson
|Produced by
|Eric Rattray
|Screenplay by
|Terry Jones
|Story by
|Dennis Lee
Jim Henson
|David Bowie
Jennifer Connelly
|Music by
|Trevor Jones
|Alex Thomson
|Edited by
|John Grover
|Distributed by
|Tri-Star Pictures
Release dates
Running time
|101 minutes[1]
|United Kingdom
United States
|$25 million
|Box office
Labyrinth is a 1986 British-American musical adventure fantasy film directed by Jim Henson, executive produced by George Lucas and based upon conceptual designs by Brian Froud. The film stars David Bowie as Jareth and Jennifer Connelly as Sarah. The plot revolves around 15 year old Sarah's quest to reach the center of an enormous otherworldly maze to rescue her infant brother Toby, who has been kidnapped by Jareth, the Goblin King. With the exception of Bowie and Connelly, most of the significant characters in the film are played by puppets produced by Jim Henson's Creature Shop.
Labyrinth started as a collaboration between Jim Henson and Brian Froud, with ideas for the film first being discussed between them following a screening of their previous collaboration, The Dark Crystal. Terry Jones of Monty Python wrote the first draft of the film's script early in 1984, drawing on Brian Froud's sketches for inspiration. Various other script-writers, including Laura Phillips (who had previously written several episodes of Fraggle Rock), George Lucas, Dennis Lee, and Elaine May, subsequently re-wrote and made additions to the screenplay, although Jones received the film's sole screen-writing credit. Labyrinth was shot on location in Upper Nyack, Piermont and Haverstraw in New York, and at Elstree Studios and West Wycombe Park in the United Kingdom.
The New York Times reported that Labyrinth had a budget of $25 million. Labyrinth was a box office disappointment and only grossed $12,729,917 during its U.S theatrical run. The commercial failure of the film demoralized Henson to the extent that his son Brian remembered the time of the film's release as one of the most difficult periods of his father's career. It would be the last feature film directed by Henson before his death in 1990.[2]
Although it was met with a mixed critical response upon its original release in mid-1986, Labyrinth has since gained a strong cult following and tributes to it have been featured in magazines such as Empire and Total Film. A four-volume manga sequel to the film, Return to Labyrinth, was published by Tokyopop between 2006-10. In 2012, Archaia Studios Press announced they were developing a graphic novel prequel to the film.
- 1 Plot
- 2 Cast
- 3 Influences
- 4 Production
- 5 Release
- 6 Reaction
- 7 In other media
- 8 References
- 9 External links
A barn owl watches fifteen-year-old Sarah Williams, reciting lines from the film's eponymous book. As she struggles to remember the final line of her monologue, the town clock chimes seven o' clock and Sarah rushes home to babysit her brother Toby, and quarrels with her stepmother about the way they live. After her father and stepmother leave, Sarah realizes that her teddy bear, Lancelot, is missing from her room. She finds the toy in Toby's room and cries out in anger. Toby is screaming, so Sarah tells him a story representing their own lives. That the King of the Goblins had fallen in love with the poor girl of the story (presumably Sarah's character) and given her powers. Toby continues to scream and Sarah wishes the goblins would come take him away. Abruptly, Toby vanishes from his crib and the barn owl flies into the room frightening her. It then transforms into the Goblin King, Jareth. He reveals that he has granted her wish, and offers her a crystal that will show Sarah her deepest dreams. Sarah declines the offer, saying that she didn't intend for the wish to be real and begs for him to return Toby. Jareth transports Sarah and himself to the Labyrinth. He promises Sarah that he will return Toby to her, if Sarah solves his Labyrinth and make it to his castle within thirteen hours. If she doesn't make it in time, Toby will be transformed into a goblin forever.
At the entrance of the Labyrinth, Sarah meets Hoggle, a grumpy and obstinate dwarf who refuses to help her. She advances through the labyrinth alone and overcomes a series of obstacles during her journey, including a Knights and Knaves logic puzzle, before eventually trapping herself in an underground oubliette. Hoggle comes into the oubliette and offers to help Sarah get out of the Labyrinth. However, Sarah makes a trade with Hoggle while in the oubliette, and convinces him to take her as far as he can through the Labyrinth instead. Jareth appears before them and threatens Hoggle for helping Sarah. And takes away three hours of Sarah's time when she says the Labyrinth is a piece of cake. After escaping from Jareth they get back above-ground. Sarah finds a group of goblins tormenting a gentle beast named Ludo, whose roars frighten Hoggle who abandons Sarah. She saves Ludo and travels with him but the two become separated. Hoggle encounters Jareth again who gives Hoggle a peach, telling him it's a present for Sarah and that Hoggle must give it to her. A gang of creatures with detachable limbs called the Fire Gang harass Sarah until Hoggle comes to rescue her. Shortly afterward they pass through the most foul smelling place called The Bog of Eternal Stench. They are reunited with Ludo and add another member to their party, Sir Didymus, a fox-like knight who guards the bridge that leads away from the bog. After passing over it, Hoggle fears the peach could be dangerous and attempts to drop it in the bog, but Jareth's voice warns him not to. Hoggle knows he will be thrown into the bog himself if he does not obey.
Sarah becomes hungry so Hoggle regretfully gives Sarah the peach. Upon biting it, Sarah falls into a trance and finds herself in a dream-like ballroom where she sees Jareth. He dances with Sarah revealing his love for her. The sound of a striking clock reminds Sarah that she needs to save her brother and she frees herself from the vision to resume her quest. Upon awakening in a junkyard her memories of all the previous events have gone. An old goblin junk lady tries to make her to stay in a recreation of her room filled with all the discarded possessions she outgrew over the years. But Sarah's memories return when she sees her Labyrinth book. She rejoins Ludo and Sir Didymus, and the three of them approach the Goblin City that surrounds Jareth's castle. Hoggle appears and disables a giant robot that guards the city gate. Sarah forgives Hoggle for his earlier betrayal of offering her the enchanted peach and continues with all her friends through the city. They successfully defeat all of the goblins of the kingdom who have been sent to stop them and enter the castle.
Upon reaching Jareth's throne room, Sarah sees she hasn't got long left and decides to go forward alone. She finds Jareth in a vast, stair-filled room, She sees Toby too and attempts unsuccessfully to find a path to reach her brother. She takes a big leap of faith to reach him but she is magically interrupted by Jareth. He confronts her face-to-face telling her that he has been generous to her all this time. He asks her to abandon her quest and to stay with him forever (Because he still Loves her). Sarah, however ignores his request and begins to recite the monologue from the beginning of the film. Jareth offers her the crystal from when they first met saying that he can offer Sarah her dreams. Sarah still ignores him but can't remember the line she always forgets. Jareth, becoming desperate tells her "Just fear me, love me, do as I say and I will be your slave." She finally remembers the last line "You have no power over me." With that the thirteenth hour strikes.
Acknowledging defeat, Jareth returns Sarah and Toby to their home and transforms into his owl form. As he flies out of the window the clock strikes its final chime revealing it is now midnight. Sarah finds Toby sleeping peacefully in his crib, apparently oblivious to the previous events. She gives Lancelot to Toby and returns to her room. Sarah discovers that she can see Hoggle and the rest of her friends from the Labyrinth through her mirror. But when she turns to face them they are not there, only in the mirror. Sarah tells her friends that she needs them after all, whereupon they appear in her room and the creatures celebrate her victory in a huge party. Outside the bedroom window, Jareth (still in owl form) briefly watches the party before flying away towards the Moon.
- David Bowie as Jareth the Goblin King. He brings Toby to his Labyrinth on Sarah's wish and falls in love with her.
- Jennifer Connelly as Sarah Williams, a 15-year-old girl who journeys through the Labyrinth to find her baby brother.
- Toby Froud as Toby Williams. Sarah's baby half-brother
- Christopher Malcolm as Robert, Sarah's father
- Shelley Thompson as Irene, Sarah's stepmother
- Shari Weiser as Hoggle, a dwarf in Jareth's employ who befriends Sarah.
- Brian Henson as the voice of Hoggle
- Ron Mueck and Rob Mills as Ludo, a kind-hearted beast.
- Ron Mueck as the voice of Ludo
- Dave Goelz and David Barclay as Sir Didymus, a brave knight.
- David Shaughnessy as the voice of Sir Didymus
- Steve Whitmire and Kevin Clash as Ambrosius, an Old English Sheepdog.
- Percy Edwards as the voice of Ambrosius
- Karen Prell as The Worm
- Timothy Bateson as the voice of The Worm
- Frank Oz as The Wiseman
- Michael Hordern as the voice of The Wiseman
- Dave Goelz as The Wiseman's Bird Hat
- David Shaughnessy as the voice of The Wiseman's Bird Hat
- Karen Prell as The Junk Lady
- Denise Bryer as the voice of The Junk Lady
- Steve Whitmire, Kevin Clash, Anthony Asbury, and Dave Goelz as The Four Guards
- Anthony Jackson, Douglas Blackwell, David Shaughnessy, and Timothy Bateson as the voices of The Four Guards
- Kevin Clash, David Barclay, and Toby Philpott as Firey 1
- Kevin Clash as the voice of Firey 1
- Karen Prell, Ron Mueck, and Ian Thom as Firey 2
- Charles Augins as the voice of Firey 2
- Dave Goelz, Rob Mills, and Sherry Ammott as Firey 3
- Danny John-Jules as the voice of Firey 3
- Steve Whitmire, Cheryl Henson, and Kevin Bradshaw as Firey 4
- Danny John-Jules as the voice of Firey 4
- Anthony Asbury, Alistair Fullarton, and Rollie Krewson as Firey 5
- Richard Bodkin as the voice of Firey 5
- Anthony Asbury as Right Door Knocker
- David Healy as the voice of the Right Door Knocker
- Dave Goelz as Left Door Knocker
- Robert Beatty as the voice of the Left Door Knocker
- Natalie Finland as the Fairies
Juggler Michael Moschen performed Jareth's elaborate crystal-ball contact juggling manipulations.[3]
Goblin Corps performed by Marc Antona, Kenny Baker, Michael Henbury Ballan, Danny Blackner, Peter Burroughs, Toby Clark, Tessa Crockett, Warwick Davis, Malcolm Dixon, Anthony Georghiou, Paul Grant, Andrew Herd, Richard Jones, John Key, Mark Lisle, Peter Mandell, Jack Purvis, Katie Purvis, Nicholas Read, Linda Spriggs, Penny Stead, and Albert Wilkinson.
Goblins performed by Don Austen, Michael Bayliss, Martin Bridle, Fiona Beynor Brown, Simon Buckley, David Bulbeck, Sue Dacre, Geoff Felix, Trevor Freeborn, Christine Glanville, David Greenaway, Brian Henson, Jim Henson, Brian James, Jan King, Ronnie Le Drew, Terry Lee, Christopher Leith, Kathryn Mullen, Angie Passmore, Michael Petersen, Nigel Plaskitt, Judy Preece, Michael Quinn, Gillie Robic, David Rudman, David Showler, Robin Stevens, Ian Tregonning, Mary Turner, Robert Tygner, Mak Wilson, and Francis Wright.
Goblins voiced by Michael Attwell, Sean Barrett, Timothy Bateson, Douglas Blackwell, John Bluthal, Brian Henson, Anthony Jackson, Peter Marinker, Ron Mueck, Kerry Shale, and David Shaughnessy.
Richard Corliss noted that the film appeared to have been influenced by The Wizard of Oz and the works of Maurice Sendak, writing that "Labyrinth lures a modern Dorothy Gale out of the drab Kansas of real life into a land where the wild things are."[4] Nina Darnton wrote that the plot of Labyrinth "is very similar to Outside Over There by Mr. Sendak, in which 9-year-old Ida's baby sister is stolen by the goblins." [5] Copies of Outside Over There and Where the Wild Things Are are shown briefly in Sarah's room at the start of the film. The film also features an end credit stating that "Jim Henson acknowledges his debt to the works of Maurice Sendak".
The film's concept designer Brian Froud has stated that the character of Jareth was influenced by a diverse range of literary sources. In his afterword to The Goblins of Labyrinth, Froud wrote that Jareth references "the romantic figures of Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights and a brooding Rochester from Jane Eyre" and the Scarlet Pimpernel. Bowie's costumes were intentionally eclectic, drawing on the image of Marlon Brando's leather jacket from The Wild One as well as that of a knight "with the worms of death eating through his armour" from the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm.[6]
The dialogue starting with "you remind me of the babe" that occurs between Jareth and the goblins in the Magic Dance sequence in the film is a direct reference to an exchange between Cary Grant and Shirley Temple in the 1947 film The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer.[7]
Origins and script[edit]
According to the film's conceptual designer Brian Froud, Labyrinth was first discussed between himself and director Jim Henson during a limousine ride on the way back from a special screening of their 1982 film The Dark Crystal.[6] Both agreed to work on another project together, and Froud suggested that the film should feature goblins. On the same journey, Froud "pictured a baby surrounded by goblins" and this strong visual image – along with Froud's insight that goblins traditionally steal babies – provided the basis for the film's plot.[8]
Discussing the film's origins, Henson explained that he and Froud "wanted to do a lighter weight picture, with more of a sense of comedy since Dark Crystal got kind of heavy – heavier than we had intended. Now I wanted to do a film with the characters having more personality, and interacting more."[8]
Labyrinth was being seriously discussed as early as March 1983, when Henson held a meeting with Froud and children's author Dennis Lee.[9] Lee was tasked with writing a novella on which a script could be based, submitting it at the end of 1983.[10] Jim Henson approached Terry Jones to write the film's script as "his daughter Lisa had just read Erik the Viking and suggested that he try me as screen-writer." [11] Jones was given Dennis Lee's novella to use as a basis for his script, but later told Empire that Lee had produced an unfinished "poetic novella" that he "didn't really get on with." In light of this, Jones "discarded it and sat down with Brian [Froud]'s drawings and sifted through them and found the ones that I really liked, and started creating the story from them."[12]
While Jones is credited with writing the screenplay, the shooting script was actually a collaborative effort that featured contributions from Henson, George Lucas, Laura Phillips, and Elaine May. Jones himself has said that the finished film differs greatly from his original vision. According to Jones, "I didn't feel that it was very much mine. I always felt it fell between two stories, Jim wanted it to be one thing and I wanted it to be about something else." Jones has said his version of the script was "about the world, and about people who are more interested in manipulating the world than actually baring themselves at all." In Jones' original script, Jareth merely seems "all powerful to begin with" and is actually using the Labyrinth to "keep people from getting to his heart."[11]
Jones has said that Bowie's involvement in the project had a significant impact on the direction taken with the film. Jones had originally intended for the audience not to see the center of the Labyrinth prior to Sarah's reaching it, as he felt that doing so robbed the film of a significant 'hook.' With the thought of Bowie starring in the film in mind, Henson decided he wanted Jareth to sing and appear throughout the film, something Jones considered to be the "wrong" decision. Despite his misgivings, Jones re-wrote the script to allow for songs to be performed throughout the film. This draft of the script "went away for about a year," during which time it was re-drafted first by Laura Phillips and subsequently by George Lucas.[8][11]
An early draft of the script attributed to Jones and Phillips is markedly different from the finished film. The early script has Jareth enter Sarah's house in the guise of Robin Zakar, the author of a play she is due to perform in. Sarah does not wish for her brother to be taken away by the goblins, and Jareth snatches him away against her will. Jareth is overtly villainous in this draft of the script, and during his final confrontation with Sarah he tells her he would "much rather have a Queen" than "a little goblin prince." The early script ends with Sarah kicking Jareth in disgust, her blows causing him to transform into a powerless, sniveling goblin.[13]
The re-drafted script was sent to Bowie, who found that it lacked humor and considered withdrawing his involvement in the project as a result. To ensure Bowie's involvement, Jim Henson asked Jones to "do a bit more" to the script in order to make it more humorous.[11][12] Elaine May met with Henson several months prior to the start of filming in April 1985, and was asked to polish the script. May's changes "humanized the characters" and pleased Henson to the extent that they were incorporated into the film's shooting script.[14][15]
At least twenty-five treatments and scripts were drafted for Labyrinth between 1983-85, and the film's shooting script was only ready shortly before filming began.[14]
The protagonist of the film was, at different stages of its development, going to be a King whose baby had been put under an enchantment, a princess from a fantasy world and a young girl from Victorian England. In order to make the film more commercial, it was ultimately decided that the film's lead would be a teenage girl from contemporary America. Henson noted that he wished to "make the idea of taking responsibility for one's life – which is one of the neat realizations a teenager experiences – a central thought of the film."[8]
Auditions for the lead role of Sarah began in England in April 1984. Helena Bonham Carter auditioned for the part, but it was ultimately decided it would be better to cast an American actress. Monthly auditions were held in the U.S until January 1985, and Jane Krakowski, Yasmine Bleeth, Sarah Jessica Parker, Marisa Tomei, Laura Dern, Ally Sheedy, Maddie Corman, and Mia Sara all auditioned for the role. Of these, Krakowski, Sheedy and Corman were considered to be the top candidates. Fifteen year old actress Jennifer Connelly was ultimately chosen to play Sarah after her audition on January 29, 1985, "won Jim [Henson] over" and led him to cast her within a week.[14] According to Henson, Connelly was chosen as she "could act that kind of dawn-twilight time between childhood and womanhood."[16] Connelly moved to England in February 1985 in advance of the film's rehearsals, which began in March.[14] Discussing her understanding of her role with Elle, Connelly said that the film is about "a young girl growing out of her childhood, who is just now becoming aware of the responsibilities that come with growing up."[17]
The character of Jareth also underwent some significant developments during the early stages of pre-production. According to Henson he was originally meant to be another puppet creature in the same vein as his goblin subjects.[8] Henson eventually decided he wanted a big, charismatic star to the play the Goblin King, and decided to pursue a musician for the role. Sting, Prince, Mick Jagger, and Michael Jackson were considered for the part, however it was ultimately decided that David Bowie would be the most suitable choice.[18]
"I wanted to put two characters of flesh and bone in the middle of all these artificial creatures," Henson explained, "and David Bowie embodies a certain maturity, with his sexuality, his disturbing aspect, all sorts of things that characterize the adult world."[19] Henson met David Bowie in the summer of 1983 to seek his involvement, as Bowie was in the U.S for his Serious Moonlight Tour at the time.[20] Henson continued to pursue Bowie for the role of Jareth, and sent him each revised draft of the film's script for his comments. During a meeting that took place on June 18, 1984, Henson showed Bowie The Dark Crystal and a selection of Brian Froud's concept drawings to pique his interest in the project.[21] Bowie formally agreed to take part on February 15, 1985, several months before filming began.[8][21] Discussing why he chose to be involved in the film, Bowie explained that "I'd always wanted to be involved in the music-writing aspect of a movie that would appeal to children of all ages, as well as everyone else, and I must say that Jim gave me a completely free hand with it. The script itself was terribly amusing without being vicious or spiteful or bloody, and it had a lot more heart in it than many other special effects movies. So I was pretty hooked from the beginning."[22]
Principal photography began on April 15, 1985, at Elstree Studios.[23]
The team that worked on Labyrinth was largely assembled from talent who had been involved in various other projects with the Jim Henson Company. Veteran performers Frank Oz and Dave Goelz operated various puppets in the film, as did Karen Prell, Ron Mueck and Rob Mills who had all worked with Henson on Fraggle Rock. Kevin Clash, who had previously been a crew member on Sesame Street, also worked on the film. Members of Henson's family also worked on the production, including son Brian and daughter Cheryl. Newcomers working on the production included puppeteer Anthony Asbury, who had previously worked on the satirical puppet show Spitting Image.
Labyrinth took five months to film, and was a complicated shoot due to the myriad of puppets and animatronic creatures involved. In the making-of documentary Inside the Labyrinth, Henson stated that although Jim Henson's Creature Shop had been building the puppets and characters required for around a year and a half prior to shooting, "everything came together in the last couple weeks." Henson noted that "even if you have the characters together, the puppeteers start working with them, they find problems or they try to figure out what they're going to do with these characters."[18]
Although each of the film's key puppets required a small team of puppeteers to operate it, the most complex puppet of the production was Hoggle. Shari Weiser was inside the costume, while Hoggle's face was radio-controlled by Brian Henson and three other operators. Speaking in the Inside the Labyrinth documentary, Brian Henson explained that Weiser "does all the body movement and her head is inside the head. However, the jaw is not connected to her jaw. Nothing that the face is doing has any connection with what she's doing with her face. The other four members of the crew are all radio crew, myself included." Speaking of the challenges involved with performing Hoggle, Brian Henson said that "five performers trying to get one character out of one puppet was a very tough thing. Basically what it takes is a lot of rehearsing and getting to know each other."[18]
At the early stages of filming, stars Connelly and Bowie found it difficult to interact naturally with the puppets they shared most of their scenes with. Bowie told Movieline "I had some initial problems working with Hoggle and the rest because, for one thing, what they say doesn't come from their mouths, but from the side of the set, or from behind you."[22] Connelly remarked that "it was a bit strange [working almost exclusively with puppets in the film], but I think both Dave [Bowie] and I got over that and just took it as a challenge to work with these puppets. And by the end of the film, it wasn't a challenge anymore. They were there, and they were their characters."[24]
The film required large and ambitious sets to be constructed, from the Shaft of Hands to the rambling, distorted Goblin City where the film's climatic battle takes place. The Shaft of Hands sequence was filmed on a rig that was roughly forty feet high, and required nearly a hundred performers to operate the grey, scaly hands integral to the scene. Connelly was strapped into a harness when shooting the scene, and would spend time between takes suspended mid-way up the shaft.[18]
The set of the Goblin City was built on Stage 6 at Thorn EMI Elstree Studios in London, and required the largest panoramic back-cloth ever made. According to Production Designer Elliot Scott, the biggest challenge he faced was building the forest Sarah and her party pass through on their way to Jareth's Castle. The film's production notes state that "the entire forest required 120 truckloads of tree branches, 1,200 turfs of grass, 850 pounds of dried leaves, 133 bags of lichen, and 35 bundles of mossy old man's beard."[16]
While most filming was conducted at Elstree Studios, a small amount of location shooting was carried out in England and the U.S. The park seen at the start of the film is West Wycombe Park in Buckinghamshire, England. The scenes of Sarah running back home were filmed in various towns in New York, namely North Nyack, Piermont and Haverstraw.[25][26]
Shooting wrapped on September 8, 1985.[27]
Most of the visual effects in Labyrinth were achieved in camera, with several notable exceptions. The most prominent of these post production effects was the computer generated owl that appears at the opening of the film. The sequence was created by animators Larry Yaeger and Bill Kroyer,[28][29] and marked the first use of a realistic CGI animal in a film.[30][31]
The scene where Sarah encounters the Fire Gang had to be altered in post-production as it had been filmed against black velvet cloth, and a new forest background was added. Jim Henson was unhappy with the compositing of the finished scene, although he considered the puppetry featured in it worthy of inclusion.[19]
Henson received help editing the film from executive producer George Lucas. According to Henson, "When we hit the editing, I did the first cut, and then George was heavily involved on bringing it to the final cut. After that, I took it over again and did the next few months of post-production and audio." Henson went on to explain that "When you edit a film with somebody else you have to compromise. I always want to go one way, and George goes another way, but we each took turns trading off, giving and taking. George tends to be very action-oriented and he cuts dialogue quite tight; I tend to cut looser, and go for more lyrical pauses, which can slow the story. So, I loosen up his tightness, and he tightens my looseness."[8]
The soundtrack album features Trevor Jones' score, which is split into six tracks for the soundtrack: "Into the Labyrinth", "Sarah", "Hallucination", "The Goblin Battle", "Thirteen O'Clock", and "Home at Last".
Bowie recorded five songs for the film: "Underground", "Magic Dance", "Chilly Down", "As the World Falls Down", and "Within You". "Underground" features on the soundtrack twice, first in an edited version that was played over the film's opening sequence and secondly in full. "Underground" was released in various territories as a single, and in certain markets was also released in an instrumental version and an extended dance mix.[32] "Magic Dance" was released as a 12" single in the U.S.[33] "As the World Falls Down" was initially slated for release as a follow-up single to "Underground" in Christmas 1986, but this plan did not materialize.[34] The only song Bowie did not perform lead vocal on is "Chilly Down", which was performed by Charles Augins, Richard Bodkin, Kevin Clash, and Danny John-Jules, the actors who voiced the 'Firey' creatures in the film.[35]
Steve Barron produced promotional music videos for "Underground" and "As the World Falls Down". The music video for "Underground" features Bowie as a nightclub singer who stumbles upon the world of the Labyrinth, encountering many of the creatures seen in the film. The clip for "As the World Falls Down" integrates clips from the film, using them alongside black-and-white shots of Bowie performing the song in an elegant room.
The production of Labyrinth was covered in multiple high-profile magazines and newspapers in anticipation of its release, with articles appearing in The New York Times, Time and Starlog magazine.[8][36][37] An article that appeared in The New York Times shortly after filming wrapped in September 1985 focused heavily on the film's large scale, emphasizing the size of the production and selling Labyrinth as a more "accessible" film than The Dark Crystal due to the casting of live actors in its key roles.[36] An hour-long making-of documentary that covered the filming of Labyrinth and included interviews with the key figures involved in its production was broadcast on television as Inside the Labyrinth.[38]
Labyrinth was featured in music trade papers such as Billboard due to David Bowie's soundtrack for the film.[39] Bowie was not heavily involved in promoting the film but Jim Henson was nonetheless grateful that he produced a music video to accompany the song "Underground" from the soundtrack, saying "I think it's the best thing he could have done for the film."[40] Ted Coconis produced a one-sheet poster for the film's North American release.[41]
A range of merchandise was produced to accompany the film's release, including plush toys of Sir Didymus and Ludo, a board game, computer game and multiple jigsaw puzzles. An exhibition of the film's characters and sets toured across shopping malls in various cities in the U.S, including New York, Dallas and Chicago. Labyrinth was featured in an exhibition titled 'Jim Henson's Magic World' that was shown at the Seibu Department Store in Tokyo in August 1986.[42]
Theatrical release[edit]
Labyrinth received its North American premiere on June 27, 1986. It was released in South America next, and was released in Argentina under the title Laberinto on July 10, 1986 and in Brazil as Labirinto – A Magia do Tempo (Labyrinth – The Magic of Time) on July 24, 1986.[43] The film was released in Japan on July 26, 1986; Jennifer Connelly visited the country to promote its release.[43][44]
Labyrinth opened in British theaters on November 28, 1986.[43] The film received a royal premiere on December 1, 1986 in London, with the Prince and Princess of Wales in attendance. Jim Henson, Brian Henson, Brian Froud, Jennifer Connelly, and the animatronic creature Ludo were all present to support the film.[45] The royal premiere brought the film a significant level of media coverage in the United Kingdom and an article that appeared in The Sun quoted Diana, Princess of Wales, as remarking "isn't he wonderful!" upon being introduced to Ludo.[46]
The film was rolled out in other European countries largely between December 1986 and February 1987, and premiered in France as Labyrinthe on December 2 and in West Germany as Die Reise ins Labyrinth (The Journey into the Labyrinth) on December 13. The film was released in Denmark as Labyrinten til troldkongens slot (The Labyrinth to the Troll King's Castle) on February 20, 1987, and saw its last theatrical release in Hungary under the tile Fantasztikus labirintus (Fantastic Labyrinth) when it premiered there on July 7, 1988.[43]
In 2012, the film was digitally remastered and re-released at the The Astor Theatre in Melbourne, Australia.
Home media[edit]
Labyrinth was first released on home video in 1987 by Embassy Home Entertainment in the US and by Channel 5 Video Distribution in the UK. Sony re-issued the film on video in 1999 in the US under the name of its subsidiary company, Columbia-TriStar. Labyrinth was re-issued on VHS in the UK the same year, with Inside the Labyrinth included as a special feature.
The film made its DVD premiere in 1999 in the US, and has since been re-released on DVD in 2003 and 2007. All DVD releases of the film feature the Inside the Labyrinth documentary as an extra. The 2003 re-release was described as a collector's edition, and featured a set of exclusive collectors cards that featured concept art by Brian Froud.[47] The 2007 release was promoted an Anniversary Edition, and featured a commentary by Brian Froud and two newly produced making-of documentaries: "Journey Through the Labyrinth: Kingdom of Characters" and "Journey Through the Labyrinth: The Quest for Goblin City" which featured interviews with producer George Lucas, choreographer Gates McFadden and Brian Henson.[48]
The film was released on Blu-ray in 2009, in a package that replicated the extras featured on the 2007 Anniversary Edition DVD. The Blu-ray release featured one new special feature, a picture-in-picture track that lasts the length of the film and features interviews with the crew and several minor cast members including Warwick Davis.[49]
Box office[edit]
Labyrinth opened at number eight in the U.S. box office charts with $3,549,243 from 1,141 theaters, which placed it behind The Karate Kid Part II, Back to School, Legal Eagles, Ruthless People, Running Scared, Top Gun, and Ferris Bueller's Day Off.[50] In its next weekend at the box office, the film dropped to number 13 in the charts, only earning $1,836,177.[51] By the end of its run in U.S cinemas the film had grossed $12,729,917,[52] just over half of its $25 million budget.[36]
Critical reception[edit]
|"As he did with less success in The Dark Crystal, Mr. Henson uses the art of puppetry to create visual effects that until very recently were possible to attain only with animation. The result is really quite startling. It removes storyboard creations from the flat celluloid cartoon image and makes them three-dimensional, so that they actually come alive and interact with living people. The technique makes animation seem dull and old-fashioned by comparison."
|— Nina Darnton of The New York Times on Labyrinth's technical achievements.[5]
The film received mixed reviews from critics.[53] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film averages a 66% positive rating; the general consensus states: "While it's arguably more interesting on a visual level, Labyrinth provides further proof of director Jim Henson's boundless imagination."[54] On Metacritic, which uses a "weighted average" of all the critics' scores, Labyrinth scores 50 out of 100.[55]
While acknowledging that Labyrinth was made with "infinite care and pains," Roger Ebert gave the film two stars out of four as he felt that the film "never really comes alive." Ebert said that as the film was set in an "arbitrary world" none of the events in it had any consequences, robbing the film of any dramatic tension.[56] Gene Siskel's review of Labyrinth for the Chicago Tribune was highly negative, and he referred to it as an "awful" film with a "pathetic story," "much too complicated plot" and a "visually ugly style." Siskel objected to the film's "violent" plot, writing that "the sight of a baby in peril is one of sleaziest gimmicks a film can employ to gain our attention, but Henson does it."[57]
Other critics were more positive. Kathryn Buxton found that it had "excitement and thrills enough for audiences of all ages as well as a fun and sometimes slightly naughty sense of humor."[58] Bruce Bailey admired the film's script, stating that "Terry Jones has drawn on his dry wit and bizarre imagination and come up with a script that transforms these essentially familiar elements and plot structures into something that fairly throbs with new life." Bailey was also impressed by the film's depth, writing that "adults will have the additional advantage of appreciating the story as a coming-of-age parable."[59]
Several critics noted the film's subtext, and found it successful to varying degrees. Saw Tek Meng acknowledged that "Sarah's experiences in the labyrinth are symbolic of her transition from child to woman" but ultimately found the film "too linear" for its latent themes to come through.[60] Nina Darnton compared the film's tone to the writings of E.T.A. Hoffman, stating that Hoffman's The Nutcracker "is also about the voyage to womanhood, including the hint of sexual awakening, which Sarah experiences too in the presence of a goblin king." Darton enjoyed the film and considered it to be more successful than Henson's previous collaboration with Brian Froud, The Dark Crystal.[5]
Connelly's portrayal of Sarah polarized critics and received strong criticism from some reviewers. Critic Kirk Honeycutt referred to Connelly as "a bland and minimally talented young actress"[61] Writing for The Miami News, Jon Marlowe stated that "Connelly is simply the wrong person for the right job. She has a squeaky voice that begins to grate on you; when she cries, you can see the onions in her eyes."[62] Contrary to these negative views, an anonymous review in St. Petersburg Times praised her acting saying that "Connelly makes the entire experience seem real. She acts so naturally around the puppets that you begin to believe in their life-like qualities."[63]
Bowie's performance was variously lauded and derided. In his largely positive review of the film, Corliss praised him as "charismatic" referring to his character as a "Kabuki sorcerer who offers his ravishing young antagonist the gilded perks of adult servitude."[4] Bruce Bailey enjoyed Bowie's performance, writing that "the casting of Bowie can't be faulted on any count. He has just the right look for a creature who's the object of both loathing and secret desire."[59] In a largely critical review, the St. Petersburg Times found that "Bowie forgoes acting, preferring to prance around his lair while staring solemnly into the camera. He's not exactly wooden. Plastic might be a more accurate description."[63]
The film's mixed reviews and poor box office takings demoralized Henson to the extent that his son Brian remembered the time of the film's release as being "the closest I've seen him to turning in on himself and getting quite depressed." It was the last feature film directed by Henson before his death in 1990.[64]
Since Henson's death, Labyrinth has been re-evaluated by several notable critics. A review from 2000 in Empire magazine called the film "a fabulous fantasy" and wrote that "David Bowie cuts a spooky enough figure in that fright wig to fit right in with this extraordinary menagerie of Goth Muppets. And Jennifer Connelly, still in the flush of youth, makes for an appealingly together kind of heroine."[65] Writing for the Chicago Tribune in 2007, Michael Wilmington described Labyrinth as "dazzling," writing that it is "a real masterpiece of puppetry and special effects, an absolutely gorgeous children's fantasy movie."[66] In 2010 Total Film ran a feature called 'Why We Love Labyrinth' which described Labyrinth as a "hyper-real, vibrant daydream, Labyrinth's main strength lies in its fairytale roots, which give the fantastical story a platform from which to launch into some deliriously outlandish scenarios."[67] In their February 2012 issue, Empire featured a four-page spread on Labyrinth as part of their Muppet Special.[12]
Despite its poor performance at the American box office, Labyrinth was a success on home video and later on DVD.[68] David Bowie told an interviewer in 1992 that "every Christmas a new flock of children comes up to me and says, 'Oh! you're the one who's in Labyrinth!'"[69] In 1997, Jennifer Connelly said "I still get recognized for Labyrinth by little girls in the weirdest places. I can't believe they still recognize me from that movie. It's on TV all the time and I guess I pretty much look the same."[70]
Labyrinth has become a cult film.[71] Brian Henson remembered his father Jim Henson as being aware that Labyrinth and The Dark Crystal both had cult followings by the time of his death in 1990, saying that "he was able to see all that and know that it was appreciated."[72] Academic Andrea Wright wrote that Labyrinth has managed to maintain audience popularity long after its initial release to a greater extent than The Dark Crystal.[42] Since 1997, an annual two-day masquerade ball called the "The Labyrinth of Jareth" where revelers come dressed in costumes inspired by the film has been held in Hollywood, CA.[73][74] Labyrinth has a significant Internet fandom, and as of July 28, 2014, Fanfiction.net hosts over 8,600 stories in its Labyrinth section.[75]
The strong DVD sales of Labyrinth prompted rights-holders the Jim Henson Company and Sony Pictures to look into making a sequel,[68] and Curse of the Goblin King was briefly used as a place-holder title.[76] The decision was ultimately taken to avoid making a direct sequel, and instead produce a fantasy film with a similar atmosphere. Fantasy author Neil Gaiman and artist Dave McKean were called in to write and direct a film similar in spirit to Labyrinth, and MirrorMask was ultimately released in selected theaters in 2005 after premiering at the Sundance Film Festival.[68]
The Hoggle puppet was lost in luggage while being transported. It ended up at the Unclaimed Baggage Center in Scottsboro, Alabama, and when they contacted the Henson Company, they were told they could keep it. It is now on permanent display in the store's museum.[77]
In other media[edit]
Since initial release, Labyrinth has been translated to other forms of media. The film was novelized by A.C.H. Smith as Labyrinth: A Novel Based On The Jim Henson Film, which is currently out of print.[78] A three-issue comic book adaptation,[79] which was first released in a single volume as Marvel Super Special #40,[80] was published by Marvel Comics. Tokyopop, in partnership with The Jim Henson Company, published a manga-style four-volume comic called Return to Labyrinth, written by Jake T. Forbes, illustrated by Chris Lie, with cover art by Kouyu Shurei.[81] Return to Labyrinth follows the adventures of Toby as a teenager, when he is tricked into returning to the Labyrinth by Jareth.[82] The first volume was released August 8, 2006, with a second following on October 9, 2007 and a third on May 1, 2009. In an afterword to the second volume, editor Tim Beedle announced that the series, originally planned as a trilogy, was being extended to include a fourth volume. The fourth and final volume of Return to Labyrinth was released on August 3, 2010.
The Cartoon Network series Secret Mountain Fort Awesome paid an episode-long homage to the film, also entitled "Labyrinth", with Tom Kenny in the role of the Goblin King.
Gravity Falls creator Alex Hirsch mention of doing an episode based on Labyrinth but was scrap down yet he still add some reference of the Goblin King in the short episodes of "Mabel's Guide"
Archaia Entertainment, in collaboration with The Jim Henson Company, is developing a prequel comic book about the story of how Jareth became the Goblin King.[83] Project editor Stephen Christy has stated the graphic novel will be a "tragic story." While it is still in the early stages of development, there are plans for the novel to integrate music into the plot in some way. David Bowie is being approached by Archaia Comics in order to seek permission to use his likeness, and ascertain if he wishes to have any involvement in the project.[84] Brian Froud is serving as a creative consultant on the project. Froud will be producing covers for the series, as well as character designs.[84] Archaia released a Labyrinth short story titled Hoggle and the Worm for Free Comic Book Day on May 5, 2012[85] and another titled Sir Didymus' Grand Day on May 4, 2013.[86]
In addition to these print media tie-ins, a Muppet Babies episode with a similar plot, "Nice to Have Gnome You", incorporates clips from the film and features Miss Piggy going on a quest to recover her copy of Alice's Adventures In Wonderland. The film was also adapted for the Commodore 64 and Apple II home computers in 1986 as "Labyrinth: The Computer Game". Different versions were also released in Japan the following year for the Family Computer console and MSX computer, under the title Labyrinth: Maō no Meikyū.[87]
On April 3, 2014, Seattle rapper Nacho Picasso paid tribute to Bowie with a single titled 'David Blowie'.[88] The track finds him appropriating Bowie's role as the Goblin King in Labyrinth. Produced by Picasso's cousin Raised By Wolves, it samples "Within You", a song from the film's soundtrack. The single art depicts Bowie's character.[89]
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- ^ http://nachopicasso.bandcamp.com/track/david-blowie
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- Bibliography
- Froud, Brian; Jones, Terry (2006). Goblins of the Labyrinth. New York: Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-7055-7.
- Howard, Kim (1993). Life Before And After Monty Python. New York: Plexus. ISBN 0-312-08695-4.
- Pegg, Nicholas (2002). The Complete David Bowie. London: Reynolds & Hearn Ltd. ISBN 1-903111-40-4.
- Smith, A.C.H. (1986). Labyrinth: A Novel Based On The Jim Henson Film. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 978-0-03-007322-9.
External links[edit]
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- Labyrinth at LucasFilm
- Labyrinth at the Internet Movie Database
- Labyrinth at Box Office Mojo
- Labyrinth at Rotten Tomatoes
- Labyrinth at Metacritic
- Official Return to Labyrinth manga site from Tokyopop
- 1986 films
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Only posts tagged with: Truth | Display all
Apr. 15 at 11:14pm
I thought I believed in objective truth. Then my eight-year-old got diabetes, and I realized I had just been pretending. It turned out that, practically speaking, I was a relativist.
What's a practical relativist? Well, did you ever hear of "practical atheism"? Atheists who know they're atheists believe there is no God, and they can tell you the reasons why. These may be carefully considered, coherent reasons, or they may not, but at least these people know what they believe.
A "practical atheist" says he believes in God, but his actions are indistinguishable from an unbeliever's. This "belief" makes no practical difference in his life. It's not just that he doesn't feel God's …continue reading
Jul. 20, 2012, at 4:57pm
The other evening Jules and I found ourselves with some unexpected free time. We asked Alice von Hildebrand if she could tell us about her beloved Plato, so we could record it for members. We gave her 20 minutes to prepare. Making his view of education her theme, she was on such a great roll that I ran for my cell phone to capture at least a few minutes on video. The audio of the rest of part 1 is available to members. Part 2 coming someday soon!
The blue volume beside her is a book of Péguy's poetry. She's also re-reading Newman's Oxford University Sermons.
Jun. 29, 2012, at 9:41pm
I conceive of the role of the teacher as a helper to the student so that the latter can see some real truth(s) on his own. The classical root of this conception, of course, is Socrates describing himself as a midwife, helping the other to bring to birth in his own mind a genuine understanding of reality. This involves a process of discovery requiring a broad openness to questions, challenges, readiness to make modifications, etc. It requires humility, i.e., an attitude fundamentally acknowledging that reality is transcendent to the mind and that, as Augustine says, the mind is below truth, not above it.
Nevertheless, it is sometimes the case that anyone who claims to know …continue reading
Oct. 8, 2010, at 11:43am
An article in the latest American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly (sorry, no link) reminds me of the inspiring story of Jacques and Raïssa Maritain's encounter with Henri Bergson.
The Maritains, though earnestly looking for ultimate truth and meaning in their lives, had been deeply discouraged by their teachers at the Sorbonne in Paris, all of whom were enthralled by the scientific and atheistic materialism in vogue at the time. These teachers taught them that the truth they were looking for—i.e. absolute truth, truth that goes beyond natural science, truth that is worth living (and dying) for—that such truth did not exist, or, at any rate, was impossible to find.
Raïssa …continue reading
Jul. 7, 2009, at 12:58pm
I think I could spend the day posting the new encyclical paragraph by paragraph. Number three raises a point that came up in the Personalist Project's recent discussions on forgiveness. In my experience, conventional Christian "forgiveness thinking" downplays truth in the name of charity. But more on this later. (Hint: The idea that to insist on truth is "harsh," together with demands that it be set aside in the name of peace and "unity" are, I claim, prime characteristics of dysfunctional relationships—relationships where selves are suffocated for lack of due breathing space.)
Meanwhile, here's the paragraph.
continue reading
3. Through this close link with truth, charity can be recognized as an …


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OCALA, Fla., September 25, 2013 — America is becoming a more secular nation.
While our government was never designed to promote the interests or theology of any religious denomination, many fundamentalist Christian groups have nonetheless attempted to influence public policy-making. This has gone on for well over a generation, and to some extent still exists.
SEE RELATED: Are Christians' rights under attack in the U.S. military?
Now, however, these groups — collectively referred to as the "religious right" — are scrambling to maintain power.
A recent poll from the rightish special interest behemoth FreedomWorks explains why.
"Civil liberties and spending issues are scrambling the old foundations of the Republican Party," FreedomWorks Vice President of Opinion Research David Kirby says on his group's website. "In the 1980's, Ronald Reagan called the Republican coalition a three-legged stool of individual freedom, traditional values, and defense.
"Today it's a lopsided stool. Forty percent of Republican voters said they are most interested in promoting 'individual freedom through lower taxes and reducing the size and scope of government,' versus 27 percent 'traditional values' or 18 percent 'strong national defense.'"
SEE RELATED: Do Christian conservatives have a future in the Republican Party?
Jason Pye of United Liberty, a libertarian blog, further explained the poll's findings: "Sixty-eight percent of Republicans and Republican-leaning independents agree with the statement that 'individuals should be free to do as they like as long as they don't hurt others, and that the government should keep out of people's day-to-day lives.'
"What's more, an eye-popping 78 percent of Republicans consider themselves to be 'fiscally conservative, but socially moderate,' which is a significant finding given the debate in the GOP on social issues."
The question has nothing to do with whether or not modern society will conform to the religious right's fancies. Instead, the question is whether those in the religious right will vote on secular, rather than theological, issues.
The religious right does not divorce its politics from what is said in church. Instead, its politics are an extension of how its pastors and ministers interpret scripture.
This is why compromise, even in the face of crushing electoral loss, is alien to fundamentalist Christians. Politics is not just pragmatic, but moral. Support or rejection of certain policies is a matter of virtue and sin.
For many of us, this is an alien approach to politics. Nonetheless, for millions of Americans politics is viewed from an eternal perspective, not as the art of governing in the here and now.
Thus the religious right simply will not compromise on some issues. However, many of them might vote in their worldly best interest, so long as this does not conflict with their core beliefs. This means that gay marriage, abortion rights, and school prayer might take a back seat to tax policy, gun rights, and environmental regulation if those issues become sufficiently pressing.
Heaven knows that the Bible Belt has all of the secular problems it can handle.
"In more conservative states, poor women today enjoy increasingly less access to either contraception or abortion," says June Carbone, co-author of Red Families v. Blue Families: Legal Polarization and the Creation of Culture.
"(I)ncreasing parts of the population lack access to regular health care," she says. "More liberal states try to make control of reproduction available to poor women as part of their public health systems.
"More conservative states discourage the subsidization of both contraception and abortion, partly because they provide less generous public support more generally, partly because they are more opposed to abortion, and partly because they are more likely to champion abstinence policies.
"These policies, which may reaffirm the moral values of the devout, tend to make it less likely that poorer women will engage in family planning. Poor women often share conservative religious values, but they begin sexual activity earlier, they are more vulnerable to coercive men, and they have less access to information about effective contraception."
She adds that "conservative, moderately religious men who do not attend college are among the most sexually active of the [late teens to early twenties] age group. And very few of the women who date them are virgins."
How many of the abstinence-only education activists can say that they waited until marriage to have intercourse? How many anti-abortion activists can say that they or a loved one has never had a pregnancy terminated? How many gay marriage opponents are themselves same-sex attracted or have loved ones who are?
The problems of America are increasingly affecting the families of religious conservatives, presenting them with disconnects on social policies. Many fundamentalist Christians could easily find themselves supporting candidates who will work for them as Americans, not religionists. These social issues won't become unimportant, but they will be viewed as social problems, not as religious tests.
As time passes, very few things remain certain about America — and many things change not for the better. However, one positive change is the intellectually rejuvenating wave of secular politics.
Let's hope that this is not a fleeting trend, but lasts for generations to come.
Far-left? Far-right? Get real: Read more from "The Conscience of a Realist" by Joseph F. Cotto
This article is the copyrighted property of the writer and Communities @ WashingtonTimes.com. Written permission must be obtained before reprint in online or print media. REPRINTING TWTC CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION AND/OR PAYMENT IS THEFT AND PUNISHABLE BY LAW.


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Sarah Palin Isn't Running For President? GTFO.
Sarah Palin signing copies of her book in Bloomington, Minnesota. (June 29, 2011)
" 'Have Willow call you when she turns 18′? Did you…did you just wink at me?"
"Lady, Why is your skin melting? Did someone pour water on you like the Wicked Witch of the West ?"


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We are excited to offer this valuable program to our existing and new clients. This program won't be around forever and it allows the typical homeowner to realize energy savings with no money out of pocket. That is right this service is FREE.
Ok so what's the catch nothing is really for free. You are right, we normally charge $250 to $1,000 for a full blown Energy Audit. The beautiful thing about the Home Energy Checkup is it's an entry level Energy Audit that would normally cost you $250. Because we are a participating contractor with Va. Dominion Power program, you can assign your rebate from Dominion Power to us and never come out of pocket for any costs. Yet you still receive the benefits of the energy savings gained from the checkup being completed.
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Enjoy this video featuring the winners in the General Design Category for the 2011 ASLA Professional Awards. For more on the American Society of Landscape Architects, visit www.asla.org. If you would like us to feature a landscape architecture project, photo or video in our Wordless Wednesday email, contact Web Editor Ann Norman at email@example.com. Related posts: Video: Landscape Architects & Your Home Landscape Architecture: The Video Game ASLA Announces 2012 Awards ASLA 2011 Honors Students Win ASLA Awards
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images Chevy Chevelle SS 1970
wallpaper or a 1970 Chevelle SS
2011 3 – 1970 Chevelle Photo
Please read before giving your opinions: as per memo not my words:
USCIS is required to grant the extension of stay pursuant to �106(a) of AC21, in one-year increments, until such time as a final decision has been made to:
A. Deny the application for labor certification, or, if the labor certification is approved, to deny the EB immigrant petition that was filed pursuant to the approved labor certification;
B. Deny the EB immigrant petition, or
C. Grant or deny the alien's application for an immigrant visa or for adjustment of status.
The operative words here being "UNTIL SUCH TIME" – which if I am not wrong means when the decision is reached…..so you DO NOT HAVE A VALID H1B IF 485 IS DENIED.
See links below for more data
AFAIK, already approved H1 is not invalidated. But, if you are on H1 (based on I-485) and your I-485 is denied, and later you lose your job with the H1 employer, then you might not be able to transfer your H1 to a new employer even though you have time left on the extended H1. Obviously, this is my opinion.
My wish is the visa stamp is 3-month and then I can enter US with the new I-797 extension approval. Am I right?
As far as I know if your current visa is valid until June30 , 2007 and you go to stamping with that visa , your new stamp will only be valid until June30 , 2007. You can enter US by that date. You will probably asked proof about new extension if you travel to wards end of month. I don't think it will be valid for 3 months (say until September) even though your visa was only valid until June30.
Since your visa stamp is expired you MUST get new stamping before re-entering the US.
If you go to stamping with new extension , you will get the stamping until that date (2010).
PS: I am not an attorney , get help from an attorney when in doubt.
My employer "ABC" (Consultancy) based in Ohio made me sign a Cognovit Promissory Note for 'X' amount ( where 'X' is a pretty large amount) on my arrival to US on H1-B visa earlier this year. I've been associated with him for less than an year now.
Does this note have any significance according to US law, esp. Ohio?
If I plan to move from this consultancy, can this note be held as a Legal Document and any legal action taken against me based on this note?
What is my way out of this?
I would be highly obliged if anyone can provide any help on this matter.
If he goes to court with that promissory note, you can file lawsuit in labor court saying that he is exploiting you and making you hostage of the promissory note. If challenged in court, the judge will throw out that promissory note as the employer used his power over you to sign that agreement. If there is any pressure used to make someone sign a document, the validity of that document can be challenged. Also, exploitation lawsuit will expose your employer to summons and checks from USCIS and DOL, which basically means close of business.
If I were you, this is what I would do. Consult an attorney in Labor law domain and ask him to represent you. Find another employer, change the H1, then tell your lawyer to call this employer for exploitation charges. It is possible that you may be able to get damages and compensation for exploitation.
I want to sue them for 3 things -
1) Touching I-140 cases way outside processing times (eg. 2008 when the date is July, 2007)
2) Approving 2008 cases before 2007, ie., no FIFO
3) Discrimination against EB3 cases during I-140 stage. I-140 case processing should be independent of Eb category, I have not read any rule where it should be.
Any idea how to start this process of accountability and justice. After 10 yrs., >$15k invested in a black hole, dealing with **** employers in a fragile economy, but mainly precious time which can never be recovered – I have HAD ENOUGH!!
2010 1970 Chevy Chevelle Ss Image
No, my dear, I did not delete anything! Mr.Pappu maybe?
Alright, now you have to answer again to get the last word!
Hurry up before the censorship deletes everything (they must be tired of us)!:)
hair 1970 Chevelle
U know it is interesting that we bring up Indians and the Indian Government debate. The Government did what it could to further the economy. Then we had Scams in BPO offices (Citibank etc). The Question now is, who is the bigger problem, the Indian Govenrment or the Indian? Another example: People litter the streets and expect the Govt to pick up after them. A simple example here. On my recent visit to India, at the bombay airport, in the immigration queue, i saw an Indian guy just dump a soiled plastic bag in a perfectly clean area, while standing in the Queue! Just left it there, as though it was a dumping ground. Try doing that on ANY airport here! Forget the police, one of the citizens here will ask u to pick up ur trash.
Thoughts anyone?
hot CHEVELLE 68 – 72
for me and everyone..atleast make the process of GC predictable and sane.
PS: I've lost it already. Its only meat up there.. pls lighten up the fire…
house Cortez Silver 1970 Malibu
In this situation how come H1 description is related to GC job description. AC21 only says that one can get H1 extension based on a pending GC application. But does the job need to be same/similer?
tattoo #39;70 Chevelle 427 Stroker
MurthyDotCom : Effect of Travel While in H1B/L-1 Status with Pending I-485 (http://www.murthy.com/news/n_efftrv.html)
pictures Atco Raceway 1970 Chevelle
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How did it go? Hope you took pictures
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Dear All,
I was doing part -time school in a university and before they wanted to admit me,the university procedures included TB test. I showed positive in skin test and negative in X-ray about 4 months ago.
But the school procedures expected me to take TB tablets otherwise they wont let me register for courses. For the last 4 months I am on TB medication, I have it going on until october of this year.
Right now, I am in a dilemma. Since all our PD's our current, we need to get medical examination done. I don't know how my skin test is going to be since I am taking meds.
Should I inform my doctor that I am on medications or should I just hide it?
And should I take a letter from my school health department about how I don't have TB but been given medicines for School purposes? What should I do?
Please advise.
hairstyles 1970 Chevelle Project Car
If you are going to go via drop-box then they may not even accept your applications for stamping based on your Kerala address on your form for H1. If they do, they could very well reject it and ask you to go to Chennai consulate.
Why would you want to risk that?


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Another Premier League game, another defeat and you'd be mistaken for thinking Wolves were a side struggling to play football. Oddly, Wolves have lost the last 3 league games when they probably deserved so much more for their efforts. After … Continue reading


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- Date:
- February 24, 2013 3:00 pm - 6:00 pm
- Location:
- Historic Academy of Medicine at Georgia Tech
The National Center for Women & Information Technology and the College of Computing at Georgia Tech are hosting the 2012-2013 NCWIT Award for Aspirations in Computing Georgia Affiliate Celebration. We are thrilled to be hosting this award for the third year, and to have the opportunity to recognize and honor so many outstanding young women for their aspirations and accomplishments in computing.
The NCWIT Award for Aspirations in Computing honors young women at the high-school level for their computing-related achievements and interests. Awardees are selected for their computing and IT aptitude, leadership ability, academic history, and plans for post-secondary education. The NCWIT Award for Aspirations in Computing offers both a national and local "affiliate" competitions to generate support and visibility for women's participation in communities nationwide.
We would like to thank all of you for your support and encouragement in helping these students recognize the important role they play in the future of computing and other science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, as well as the future of our society.
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MALSHI, SHIH TZU pups, ready, shots, wormed, outrageously cute. 859-583-9007More info Email a friend
There's still time to put one of these adorable pups under your tree! Litter of 7 adorable mini schnoodle puppies for sale.3 /f 4/m Non shed, hypo allergenic. Very playful and healthy pups just in time for Xmas.Raised in my home under foot, well socialized...More info Email a friend
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AKC English Lab Puppies for sale. They were born on November 29th. I have black and yellow. They will come with their first shots and worming. These are beautiful and well bred. Both parents are on site. $600 Taking deposits now.More info Email a friend
Akc yorkie males for 600.00 and females for 700.00. They are utd on vaccination and worming. We guarantee their health. Check out face book under Puppy Dog City.Ad ID: 34336160 Read more: http://lexington.ebayclassifieds.com/dogs-puppies/irvine/akc-yorkshire...More info Email a friend
We have a litter of 8, they were born November 6th and are all black. We have 2 males and 6 females. They are AKC registered and upt on deworming, had dew claws removed and will have 1st round of shots before going to their new homes. They are $350...More info Email a friend
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"This card is so perfect and dainty. I bought it as a baby gift for a friend. It is great for a baby girl or a big girl! I used an all lowercase font to make it more juvenile and informal. The quality of the paper is better than I expected."
"This card is so cute, I bought it to use as thank you cards for my baby. It's the perfect size to express gratitude, but not too big to where you would have to write a lot larger to fill up the card ;) I will definitely re-order these when I run out, they're perfect!"
"I bought these thank you cards as they are the match to the Little Visitors Watermelon baby shower invitations that my mom got for my baby shower. I absolutely love the invitations and the thank you cards. The card stock is a nice thick weight and is the perfect compliment to the absolutely adorable invitations. Shipping time was also very good. I got them a few days or so after placing the order. I would order from tiny prints again."
"These cards come in a beautiful sage green color with pink accents. Our shower had a bird theme so I used these as thank you notes. The paper was of heavy quality with a smooth finish-- high quality and a great choice."
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Student Loans:
Limited Information Is Available to Determine How Students' College Debt Affects Their School and Lifestyle Decisions
HEHS-98-97R: Published: Mar 25, 1998. Publicly Released: Mar 25, 1998.
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
(202) 512-3000
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the availability of information on the extent to which students' debt or anticipated debt affected: (1) students' choices about whether and where to enroll in college or whether or how much to borrow in order to attend; (2) the length of time it took baccalaureate graduates to earn their degree and their choices regarding graduate school and employment; and (3) graduates' burden of repayment as reflected by their ability to save for retirement or invest in a home.
GAO noted that: (1) GAO's search did not identify current, comprehensive data or other information that would allow it to readily determine the extent to which debt influences students' decisions about whether and where to attend college, how long to take in completing a bachelor's degree program, whether or where to attend graduate school or what job to take, or how able they are as graduates to buy a house or save for retirement; (2) while GAO identified 19 studies that provided a general sense of some of the effects of student debt burden, much of the information was dated or pertained to a limited population, or the studies did not control for the effects of other factors in such decisions; (3) previous research has suggested, for example, that the debt aversiveness of low-income groups and certain minorities may tend to deter them from post-secondary enrollment; (4) one of the studies GAO reviewed suggested that the enrollment effects of income and ethnic differences may be much less than previously reported when college preparedness is considered; (5) nevertheless, from the studies that GAO reviewed, the enrollment and lifestyle decisions of some students do seem to reflect college debt considerations; (6) notwithstanding their limitations, the studies that GAO reviewed showed that college debt has affected the behavior of some students; (7) a Department of Education survey of 1992-93 bachelor's degree recipients one year after their graduation found that almost one-fourth of respondents who had ever considered applying to graduate school cited either their debt amount or insufficient financial resources as their reason for not applying; (8) in another study, the Department reported that students with college loans were less likely to attend graduate school within the year of receiving their degree than students without college debt; (9) while these studies show that students' college debt can affect their graduate school attendance, career plans, and home purchase, they also demonstrate the types of data shortcomings that prevent generalizing their results to today's graduates nationwide; and (10) however, a more definitive understanding of the effects of student debt or anticipated debt on today's enrollment, career, and savings behavior would entail a more in-depth analysis of nationally representative data on students with post-1992 loans.
Dec 16, 2014
Higher Education:State Funding Trends and Policies on AffordabilityGAO-15-151: Published: Dec 16, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 16, 2014.
Dec 12, 2014
College-and-Career Readiness:States Have Made Progress in Implementing New Standards and Assessments, but Challenges RemainGAO-15-104R: Published: Dec 12, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 12, 2014.
Nov 13, 2014
Indian Affairs:Bureau of Indian Education Needs to Improve Oversight of School SpendingGAO-15-121: Published: Nov 13, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 13, 2014.
Sep 24, 2014
Special Education:Improved Performance Measures Could Enhance Oversight of Dispute ResolutionGAO-14-390: Published: Aug 25, 2014. Publicly Released: Sep 24, 2014.
Sep 10, 2014
Department of Education:Status of Prior GAO RecommendationsGAO-14-848T: Published: Sep 10, 2014. Publicly Released: Sep 10, 2014.
Older Americans:Inability to Repay Student Loans May Affect Financial Security of a Small Percentage of RetireesGAO-14-866T: Published: Sep 10, 2014. Publicly Released: Sep 10, 2014.
Aug 22, 2014
Education of Homeless Students:Improved Program Oversight NeededGAO-14-465: Published: Jul 31, 2014. Publicly Released: Aug 22, 2014.
Jul 16, 2014
Special Education:Additional Federal Actions Could Help Address Unique Challenges of Educating Children in Nursing HomesGAO-14-585: Published: Jul 16, 2014. Publicly Released: Jul 16, 2014.
Jun 16, 2014
School-Meals Programs:USDA Has Enhanced Controls, but Additional Verification Could Help Ensure Legitimate Program AccessGAO-14-262: Published: May 15, 2014. Publicly Released: Jun 16, 2014.
Jun 4, 2014
Education Grants:Promise Neighborhoods Promotes Collaboration but Needs National Evaluation PlanGAO-14-432: Published: May 5, 2014. Publicly Released: Jun 4, 2014.
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Police: Student posted explicit photo
Cops: Stamford student arrested for Internet photo
STAMFORD, Conn. (AP) — A high school student in Stamford has been charged with voyeurism and other crimes after police say he posted a sexually explicit photo of his ex-girlfriend on the Internet.
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