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In this third installment of the Kimball Art Center Transformation proposals, we explore the design by the only local firm of the 5 design teams who presented. Sparano + Mooney, who have worked both locally and internationally, culled their inspiration from the Aspen tree, which is found throughout Utah and is a favorite for its beautiful fall colors. The Aspen grows by extending its root system to shoot up new trees, which is similar to how the Kimball Art Center extends its influence and connects with the surrounding art community. Wood sourced from beetle-kill deforestation in the local area will be used as both decoration as well as structural members to give a sense of being in the forest and surrounded by nature. The design also calls to mind western vernacular log cabins and shows how materials can be transformed to create a wholly unique spatial experience.
The lower level of the center will be devoted to education through classrooms, art studios and workshop space available to members of the community, local and visiting artists. The historic facility will be transformed into office and administration spaces for the staff of the Kimball along with a full catering kitchen. Meanwhile, the new facility will feature the gallery and exhibition spaces. The ground floor serves as the living room of the area and welcomes visitors in to enjoy the art and the activities with a cafe and retail space. The new upper level is the main gallery space and enjoys access to the rooftop deck and the rooftop terrace along with views of town.
1 Comment
eliddy January 5, 2012 at 12:15 pm
Hi Brig~I'm no longer a Parkite but I favor this one as well~esthetically biodiverse with PC; it's beautiful and more symbiotic than the others…a gorgeous place and I think the others say "look at me"~and PC is more natural than that. I could go on…This seems to fit best with its place in town, too. Love Love Love it! Good Luck!
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- Overview
- Specs
- Reviews
Craft ProZero Short Sleeve BaselayerProZero creates the ideal micro-climate for dry comfort in cool to cold conditions. Air-channeled polyester expels excess heat away from your body while filament yarns move moisture. The world's most trusted base layer for moisture transport during training or racing efforts. Lab tested and race proven.
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Craft ProZero Short Sleeve Baselayer
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Thanks to New York Magazine,I can still keep on top of a changing NYC. Their 12/23-30,2013 Food section showed where you can still find some of the best: Bagels,Bialys,Stukel,Charlotte Russe,Black-and-white Cookies,Baked Alaska Pie,Soft Pretzels,Egg Creams, Lard Bread,Fresh Mozzarella,Goldberg Seltzer Works with their 60 pounds of pressure seltzer in their blue bottle. Great photo's and locations of where you can still find them. I forgot to mention the famous Broolyn Blackout Cake from Ovenly in Greenpoint Booklyn!In my City travels yesterday, I was saddened to see how Art Brown Art Supply on W.45th had closed their doors. From my H.S. days to present I would buy art supplies and fountain pens from them.
Last edited by Sal (2014-01-16 20:25:27)
Good morning Sal, you sure jolted my memory on a lot of things I miss about having lived in NY.You cannot find the variance of food NYkers may experiance any where else.... Often imitated but not the same.The blackout cake and the blue seltzer bottles, ahh what memories.
Charolette Russe ! Now that's a real oldie for sure. My father used to buy me them all of the time,whenever we went "into New York". Manhattan was always New York back then. It's as if we lived in another state. LOL
what is a charlotte russe?is it a linzer tart?
The Linzer Tart is a largish almond cookie with raspberry jam sandwiched in and also exposed through a hole in the top cookie, contrasting with a heavy coating of white powdered sugar.The other day I enjoyed watching a couple of PBS videos* and it was Alan King I believe, waxing rhapsodic about the Charlotte Russe.From wikipedia, "Charlotte Russe was also a dessert or on-the-go treat popular during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. It was sold in candy stores and luncheonettes throughout the five boroughs of New York. It consisted of a paper cup filled with yellow cake and whipped cream topped with half a maraschino cherry. The bottom of the cup is pushed up to eat."* New York the way it was and Queens the way it was at... http://video.pbs.org/program/new-york-way-it-was/
I remember the Charlotte Russe was a springtime thing. The delis started getting them in around Easter time & they stopped when it became summer. I love Linzer Tarts. Especially the ones that all the delis seem to carry now. They're the large ones in shrink wrap, no brand name & they're usually @ the checkout counter @ the small local delis. Excellent cookie. I have to stop this. Bye
In my neighborhood, Charlotte Russe was a fall thing, available in October thru Thanksgiving.Loved them. Haven't seen them in years, though. Thanks for the memory, Sal.
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Cars > platinumtib's Garage
About platinumtib's Garage
About me and my passion for cars
any free time yep goes into my car am constanly doing new projects to make it look better than before
My first car
97 cavalier
Car I wish I still had
My dream car
lotus elise
Car clubs I'm in
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- Type of racing: street
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- Car movie: gone in 60 seconds
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Sweet Brown Rice Mochi is potent strengthening and rejuvenating food. It is skillfully multi-step made of steamed, pounded, JAS certified organic 100% whole grain brown rice. It is vacuum packed so refrigeration is not needed. Mochi softens and puffs into moist chewy cakes with a crisp crust from slow pan sizzling, or when baked about 8 minutes. Great as is or with a little shoyu, in miso soup, and it makes delightful waffles. Add cooked mochi to soup or stews after they're cooked for dumplings. Gluten Free.
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The Royal Elm is not just a drawing table, but a piece of furniture. The base is manufactured by experienced craftsmen using solid elm wood, finished with hand-rubbed tung oil. The 30 in. x 42 in. top is made of solid high resin pressed wood covered with white laminate. This beautiful and functional table is adjustable from desk height to drafting height. A tilting mechanism provides for the needs of the professional, student, and hobbyist.
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Julia Rothman
Daydream (Orange)
Julia Rothman
Daydream (Orange)
Designed by Julia Rothman in Brooklyn and screen printed in Chicago on coated paper manufactured in the USA, this high quality paper is extremely durable and is fade resistant. Our classic screen printing technique creates luxe, modern wallpapers that feel hand painted.
• Each roll is 27" wide x 30' long
• Vertical repeat is 36"
• This wallpaper ships in 1-2 days.
• Samples 8.5" x 11" are $5. To order a sample, please choose the sample option from the drop down menu above.
Color Description
Orange birds and gray clouds on an off white background
Product Number
Pattern Story
Hand-drawn birds and clouds float in this large scale, modern wallpaper pattern that mixes a classic design with contemporary colors. From red and blue to white and gray, Daydream finds its home in a wide variety of interior spaces.
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Read more about the artist, Julia Rothman, here.


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Viral Gastroenteritis
- Home
- Health Information
- Viral Gastroenteritis
(Stomach Flu; Stomach Bug)
|The Intestines
|Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Risk Factors
- Age and location: children in child care centers and elderly people in nursing homes
- Group settings: cruise ships, college dormitories, campgrounds
- Watery diarrhea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal cramps
- Fever
- Muscle aches
- Headache
- Fluids—It is important to drink fluids to replace those you've lost when sick. Take small sips of water, suck on ice chips, or drink clear soda or noncaffeinated sports drinks. Give your child an oral rehydration solution (such as Pedialyte) instead of water.
- Diet—Gradually begin to eat bland foods, such as toast, crackers, bananas, rice, chicken, and potatoes. Avoid dairy products, caffeine, fatty foods, and spicy foods until you're feeling better. If you're breast-feeding an infant who is sick, continue to breast-feed. If your baby is bottle-fed, give him or her oral rehydration solution or formula.
- Rest—Make sure you get enough rest while you're sick and when you're recovering. If your child is sick, make sure he or she gets plenty of rest.
- Can't keep fluids down for 24 hours
- Vomit blood
- Have bloody diarrhea
- Have a fever above 101 degrees Fahrenheit
- Vomit for more than two days
Have signs of dehydration:
- Dizziness or light-headedness
- Excessive thirst
- Dry mouth
- Dark urine
- Little or no urine
- Is under six months of age
- Has a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit or higher
- Seems tired or irritable
- Has bloody diarrhea
- Has stomach pain
Has signs of dehydration:
- Unusual drowsiness
- Dry lips and mouth
- No tears when crying
- Dark urine
- Not urinating very much (for example, no wet diaper in three hours)
- Feeling thirsty but vomiting after drinking fluids
- If possible, avoid contact with people who have the condition.
- Always wash your hands thoroughly. Use warm water and soap, rub vigorously, and rinse well.
- Help your children wash their hands thoroughly.
- Use bleach to disinfect contaminated surfaces in your home (toilet, sink faucet in bathroom).
- Don't share personal items (toothbrush, towels, drinking glasses).
- Take special care when traveling to countries that are more likely to have contaminated food and water. Only drink bottled water, avoid ice cubes, and don't eat raw foods, including vegetables.
American Academy of Family Physicians http://www.aafp.org
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov
Mayo Clinic http://www.MayoClinic.com
BC Health Guide, British Columbia Ministry of Health http://www.bchealthguide.org
The Office of the Provincial Health Officer, Alberta Government http://www.health.gov.ab.ca
Viral gastroenteritis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/faq.htm. Accessed August 21, 2005.
Viral gastroenteritis. Mayo Clinic website. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?objectid=E31CB1FE-4C04-4B05-A67DF0EEF09823B7. Accessed August 21, 2005.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Peter Lucas, MD
- Review Date: 12/2013 -
- Update Date: 01/13/2014 -


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REPORT: Mini CUV could come to WRC
by Chris Shunk (RSS feed) on Dec 17th, 2009 at 5:58PM
Mini's history doesn't just include producing attractive, efficient city cars -- it's done some damage in the rally circuit. But while BMW's 2001 reincarnation of the storied British brand has been a success on the sales front, it hasn't taken the motorsports world by storm. As previously reported, that could change with Mini's upcoming five-door people hauler. The Countryman will reportedly come in several variants, including a GTI version with similar power to the Cooper S or a BMW-sourced 2.0-liter diesel capable of 200 hp. Word on the street is that Prodrive is working on a WRC... Read More


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IP 67 Protection
- Category: Connectivity
- Product Type: Terminal Blocks
- Manufacturer: B&R Industrial Automation
The X67 I/O system offers complete freedom to use various topologies and performs as fast as a centralized solution. Because of the IP67 protection, the X67 modules can be installed anywhere on the machine and guarantee high performance and ruggedness even in the harshest conditions. The system can span over 25 km (up to 100 m between modules. It can connect to all standard fieldbus systems.


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2015 Mazda CX-5 Sport AWD
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text:
Pruning is essential to maintaining a productive planting of highbush blueberries over time. Yet many blueberry growers fail to prune in a timely fashion, while other growers, or their workers, prune the plants without fully understanding what they are trying to accomplish.
Pruning maintains the vigor and yield of blueberry bushes, helps manage insects and diseases, promotes larger fruit of higher quality, and shapes bushes so they are easier to harvest.
One reason that pruning is often overlooked is that its benefits are relatively long-term - you don't see them right away. Another reason is that a plant may look like it's been pruned pretty well, and it may produce a satisfactory crop, but it's hard to know if better pruning would have improved yields if there is nothing to compare it to.
In the beginning, a cane emerges from the base, or crown, of the plant. As the cane grows, it produces two kinds of buds: vegetative buds that become new branches or laterals, and fruit buds that become flowers.
The flower buds are plump, rounded and larger than the pointed vegetative buds. Flower buds are located near the end of new branches, while the vegetative buds are located farther down the shoot. Both types of buds are only produced on new growth, so 1-year-old "wood" is the source of all fruit, as well as new lateral branches, on a bush.
As canes get older, they get thicker at the base and the buds are produced farther and farther away from the crown. Over the years, the new laterals produced on a given cane decrease in diameter and are prone to being "twiggy." These old, weak branches produce fewer, smaller fruits than branches on younger canes.
Older canes also compete with newer canes for space and light, so it's important to remove older canes in order to maintain fruit production and quality, as well as to allow new canes to develop for future production.
Highbush blueberry plants can live for many decades, and early in their life they don't need much pruning. For the first two years, flower buds should be removed either by rubbing them off or by cutting off the tips of shoots.
Starting in the third year, remove any twisted or low-growing canes, and if more than two new canes were produced the previous year, remove all but the two healthiest down to the ground.
In subsequent years, continue to remove all but two or three of last season's canes, so when the plant has reached full size and is about 8 years old, it should have 10 to 20 canes of all different ages.
Since different varieties produce different numbers of canes, they will also differ in how much pruning they require.
Older bushes should not have a lot of old canes, and that's where growers often run into trouble - by leaving canes in place too long. Once canes get to be 6 to 8 years old, their productivity declines, and they need more leaves to support fruit growth than they did when they were young. They will also have branched many times over the years, so their new growth will be relatively thin and weak, as explained above.
If you're not sure of the ages of your canes, a rule of thumb is to remove canes larger than 1 inch in diameter; they're usually gray with lichen growing on them. If you have fallen behind in your pruning, you may need to remove several of these dinosaurs per plant to open up space for younger canes.
In general, up to 20 percent of the older wood can be removed from a bush without adverse effects on yield. Berry numbers will be reduced, but larger fruit on younger canes will compensate for this. However, if pruning has been seriously neglected, it may be necessary to remove quite a few old canes and suffer a short-term yield reduction for the sake of future growth.
Start by removing any dead, injured or damaged canes. Canes affected by disease or insects, such as cankers and scales, should be taken out. Then I find it helpful to remove old canes to get them out of the way so I can better see the shape of the plant as I continue to prune.
When removing canes, be sure to make the cut as close to the crown as possible; do not leave stubs that can become a source of disease inoculum.
Early spring, while the plants are dormant, is the best time to prune blueberries. That's when it's easiest to identify winter injury and remove it. Waiting until spring to prune, instead of doing it in the fall, also allows time for the plants to move carbohydrates that may be in the canes down into the roots and crowns.
Irregular pruning promotes erratic yields from year to year, and it leads to tall bushes, because having an excess number of canes causes them to "stretch" as they compete for light.
Moderate pruning every year spreads out the age of canes, keeps their numbers in check, and allows bushes to fulfill their productive potential.
Proper pruning takes time and thus costs money, but it's a worthwhile investment. By pruning every year, the time and cost are spread evenly throughout the life of the planting. You could say pruning is expensive, but it will cost you more if it isn't done well.
An excellent short video with Dr. David Handley, University of Maine Cooperative Extension, shows you how to prune a blueberry bush and clearly explains what you are trying to accomplish when pruning: http://umaine.edu/gardening/videos/how-to-prune-blueberry-bushes.
The author is a vegetable and berry specialist with University of Vermont Extension based at the Brattleboro office. He can be reached at email@example.com.


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What are the odds of implementing any of these feature requests anytime soon? It certainly seems like others are asking for similar things as well.
* Feature request: Smart lists should have a separate icon on the horizontal "views" scroll bar, in my opinion. (Or somehow or other be easier to access.) Currently, to find smart lists, one must either slide through several screens and then scroll down to the bottom of the "lists" list or else click menu, views, lists, and then scroll down to the bottom of the lists. For "smart" lists, this doesn't seem very smart. ;-)
* Feature request: It would be nice to be able to customize the views by changing the order in which they appear in the horizontal scroll bar that pops up. This feature would help facilitate quickly and easily navigating to the screens that are most commonly used by each user. For example, if I don't really use the "Today" view, but rather rely on tags or lists to manage my workflow... I have to either slide through several screens or click menu, views, and then scroll the bar to the right in order to find the view of "Tags."
* Feature request: It would also be very useful to have the ability to customize the views by adding new views to this scroll list -- such as individual smart lists, tags, or regular lists. This would allow very quick, easy access to those specific views used most frequently by each individual user.
* Feature request: Alternatively... if smart lists cannot have their own view for some reason, at a minimum the "lists" list (including the smart lists) should be sorted in alphabetical order. In this way, commonly used smart lists could be named such that they appear at the top of the lists list, rather than at the very bottom behind all other lists as they do now. (Regardless of how they are named.) This could be quite inconvenient -- especially for users with a LOT of lists
Posted at 5:29am on October 1, 2009


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Fight Food Cravings
Don't blow all of your calories on a binge. Satisfy your cravings with these easy substitutions.
You're Craving: Apple Pie
Eat this instead:
Cinnamon Apple Delight
Core a cooking apple (about 6 ounces), and peel one third of the way. Sprinkle the top with cinnamon, nutmeg, and 1 teaspoon of brown sugar. Cook in the microwave, covered, on medium-high (70% power) for 2 to 3 minutes, or until tender.
Apple Pie: 295 calories and 14 grams of fat
Cinnamon Apple Delight: 115 calories, less than 1 g fat
Savings: 180 calories and 13 grams of fat


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Enjoyable book that is used as a constant reference. It describes the process of both oil and water gilding in detail. There is a chapter on gesso, special techniques and varnish alone. Paperbound, 74 pages.
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Great book summarizing gilding techniques for both ila dn water gilding. Wonderful drawings in diagram. Good for the beginner looking for basic information on the topic.
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Designed for unsurpassed query performance and storage efficiency, Sybase IQ on IBM Power Systems is a highly optimized analytics server for complex ad hoc queries, designed to complement EDWs with ultra-high speed business intelligence and reporting.
Why IBM ?
Sybase IQ on IBM Power Systems address mission-critical infrastructure, with unsurpassed performance, reliability and low total cost of ownership.
Sybase IQ on new IBM POWER6 Benchmark White Paper


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Experience the taste of this South Philly Original Roast Pork sandwich with Italian seasoned Au Jus in your own kitchen. Includes Italian bread rolls, for a quick delicious snack! 8 - 5 OZ. PORTIONS
Flash frozen and shipped with dry ice for safe delivery to your door; We guarantee it! If Rastelli products are required for a specific delivery date, please allow an extra 1-2 business days for processing and delivery. Rastelli items are produced and shipped from a separate warehouse location. The cost is $15 for frozen shipping and handling. An incremental $2 will be added for each additional Rastelli item you add to your cart after the first one, so add more Rastelli items to your cart and save on shipping.


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Virginia's forum for reptile and amphibian enthusiasts. Join today to help a fellow hobbyist or look for help. Classifieds available.
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West Virginia discuss and debate politics, current events, and more. Former Gazz members and others welcome!
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The game manager or 49ers event staff for your particular sport will direct you to your designated parking area. If you are directed to a parking lot, please move bus to portion of lot furthest from the field of play to allow fans as many open spaces as possible.
Dale F. Halton Arena
Parking is available in the Cone and West Decks per the indications below:
Men's Basketball games - The Cone Deck is ONLY available for vehicles displaying an Athletic Foundation Parking Permit. Access for other event fans is in the West Deck via the entrance near Memorial Hall, formerly known as Brocker Health Center. Note the Union Deck beside the Student Union may be used for overflow parking.
Volleyball & Women's Basketball games - Parking is available in the West Deck via the entrance near Memorial Hall, formerly known as Brocker Health Center.
Belk Track and Field Center/Transamerica Field
Parking is available in the West Deck via the entrance near Memorial Hall, formerly known as Brocker Health Center.
DL Phillips Sports Complex/Robert & Mariam Hayes Stadium
- Monday through Thursday games - free parking is permitted in the CRI Deck or Lot 23 which is easily accessible from the North Tryon St./Hwy. 29 entrance.
- Friday through Sunday games - free parking is permitted in the CRI Deck, Lot 23, Union Deck or Lots 18 & 19 as well as the West Deck based on availability.
Click Baseball & Softball parking for a detailed map.
There is NO parking, standing, or unloading near the entrance to the Wells Fargo Fieldhouse (previously Wachovia Fieldhouse). Please keep traffic flowing and proceed to your designated parking area.
FOOTBALL PARKING Highway 29 Traffic Advisory!
Jerry Richardson Stadium & Judy W. Rose Football Center - the following applies to regular season games
For football game days, all campus parking will require a parking permit. The parking lots open 4 hours prior to kick-off. All fans entering campus will need to park in designated parking areas via the following options:
- FSL and season ticket holders may purchase a season parking permit from the Charlotte 49ers Athletic Foundation by calling 704-687-4950. Each permit will identify specific lot or deck and required entry point of campus. Click Football Game Day Parking Map
- To purchase single game parking permits, click Buy Football Parking Permits.
- For more detailed football game day parking information, click https://pats.uncc.edu/football-parking.
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HOME NFL San Diego Chargers Gear San Diego Chargers Kids San Diego Chargers Kids T-Shirts (71 items) Product ID: 1345633
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$4.99 3-day shipping. Need it faster?
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Use code HA9MWXdetails >* To Save 10% on orders $249 or more. Use promotion code HA9MWX during checkout. Discount does not apply to shipping charges, delivery surcharges, duties or customs fees and cannot be combined with any other offer. Promotion cannot be used on previous orders. This promotional offer may be modified or terminated at any time. Offer expires 12/27/2014 at 11:59pm ET.
Get Ready For Fun!These Gold Claw Temporary Tattoos are 1 inch by 1 inch and contain four tattoos per sheet. You'll get a package of 9. Our Temporary Tattoos are high quality and easy to use. Simply apply them with water and remove them with either rubbing alcohol or scotch tape. These tattoos will stay on for up to 24 hours. Temporary Tattoos are not recommended for use on sensitive skin. Temporary Tattoos are not returnable. Show your spirit at the big game with Gold Claw Temporary Tattoos.


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With its lightweight design, ground-breaking suspension system and 3000+ cubic inch capacity, the Black Diamond Infinity 60 internal frame pack offers versatility for overnight hiking or multi-day backpacking.
With its lightweight design, ground-breaking women's-specific suspension system and 3400+ cubic inch capacity, the Black Diamond Innova 60 Women's internal frame pack is ideally-suited for multi-day backpacking.
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Larger packs for trips of 3 or more days or weekends with lots of gear.
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Reaction to idea of lower tolls is mixed
WTOP's Kristi King reports from Silver Spring.
SILVER SPRING, Md. - Calling the tolls "outrageously high," Montgomery County Councilmember Phil Andrews wants to see the cost of using the the Inter-County Connector slashed in half to encourage more drivers to use it.
He wrote the Maryland Transportation Authority to ask for the reduction.
"Traffic levels on the ICC more resemble an airport runway than a major highway," Andrews wrote in a letter to Darrell Mobley, the acting chairman of the transportation authority.
An end-to-end trip on the 18-mile highway that connects Montgomery and Prince George's counties costs $8.
Andrews wants to see lower tolls for at least a year.
Andrews, who opposed the construction of the highway, says "the state highly miscalculated the willingness of the public to pay high tolls to use the ICC."
"Given its $3 billion-plus cost [including debt financing], cutting the tolls in half would be a common sense, and necessary measure to encourage the public to use the highway," he says, in a news release.
Commuter Mayra Boyle of Silver Spring likes the idea of lower tolls. She says she believes more people would use the ICC if it had lower tolls.
"As it is now, I think it is a little too pricey," Boyle says.
"Cut the prices in half, please do."
Letter to Maryland Transportation Authority from Phil Andrews
WTOP's Kristi King contributed to this story. Follow @kingWTOP and @WTOP on Twitter.
(Copyright 2012 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)


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December 4, 2013
- Western Wednesday After-Hours in Chicago, IL
- Time: 5:00 PM - 7:00 PM
- Location:
Cortlands Garage
1645 W Cortland St
Chicago, IL
- Description: Your WIU Alumni Association began a tradition in 2011 with the first of many Western After Hours! Hundreds of alumni have joined us every month for great food, great conversation and a few beverages. We are continuing our tradition on a NEW bimonthly schedule in downtown Chicago in December and then rotating out to the suburbs and back to downtown over the next year!
Social, light appetizers while they last & cash bar FREE
Pre-registration is preferred, however walk-ins are welcome. To pre-register or for more information, call 309-298-1914 or email email@example.com.
- Contact Information:
Alumni Association
Phone: 309-298-1914
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Source: Alumni


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Foundation primers are not essential to beautiful makeup application, but we've chosen some favorites for those curious about this superfluous category. A foundation primer should:
Although not essential many women have been led to believe that skipping the primer step is absolutely ruinous to a beautiful makeup application.
The fact is, most of us are already priming our skin for makeup by virtue of following a good skin-care routine beforehand. You don't need a special product labeled "primer" before applying foundation, and there is nothing in foundation that skin needs to be protected from, so let's put that myth to rest!
The primers on this list are included not only because their formulas surpass standard primers but because our readers continue to ask us for our favorites in this group.
Although all of the recommendations below are great, you can achieve similar results applying a state-of-the-art serum or lightweight moisturizer instead. You definitely don't need a well-formulated moisturizer, serum and primer. That's going overboard and can cause your makeup to not last as long—just the opposite of what primers are said to do.
Note: If you decide to use a primer, it should be applied after your regular skin-care routine but before your daytime moisturizer with sunscreen.
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Posts Tagged: Pieris rapae
Partnering with The Pieris Project
If you see a white cabbage butterfly fluttering by you, net it.
The Pieris Project wants it.
Entomology Today, a publication of the Entomological Society of America, today covered a story about how graduate students (including Sean Ryan of the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, and Anne Espeset, University of Nevada, Reno), are seeking a "global community of citizen scientists" to collect the white cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, for their Pieris Project, launched last summer to study invasion biology and species responses to environmental change.
They've already received more than 600 species from "at least half of the United States," and eight other countries, Entomology Today reports. The butterfly, native to Europe, has spread throughout the world in the last 200 years and is thought to be one of the most widespread and abundant butterflies of them all. It is found on every continent except Antarctica. (Check out the most up-to-date collection map.)
The graduate students want to reconstruct the invasion history and "explore how environmental variation has been shaping the genome and phenotype of this butterfly," according to the article.
Anne Espeset is studying for her doctorate with major professor Matt Forister, whose major professor was Arthur Shapiro, distinguished professor of evolution and ecology at UC Davis. Forister received his doctorate in ecology from UC Davis in 2004.
Here are some of the specifics of the graduate student project:
1) Send them a couple of butterflies from your backyard. Include the date and latitude/longitude coordinates on the envelope. You can find more details at http://www.pierisproject.org. Even though fall is here, depending on where you live, you may be able to catch a few before winter arrives, they point out.
2) Help spread the word by either sharing the project with people you think might be interested in participating or by letting them know of organizations, schools, or any community that might be interested. Email them at pierisproject@ gmail.com.
3) Consider donating to their crowdfunding campaign. They say they have only a few days left to reach their goal, and it's all or nothing, "so we need all the help we can get! One incentive for donating is a 'Backyard Genomics Kit' — a great gift for a budding entomologist — and we also have awesome photographs by the amazing bugographer Alex Wild!" (Wild, a noted insect photographer, received his doctorate in entomology from UC Davis.)
As an aside, the cabbage white butterfly gains notoriety every year in the three-county area of Sacramento, Yolo and Solano, California. Butterfly expert Arthur Shapiro sponsors an annual contest offering a pitcher of beer for the first butterfly of the year collected in one of the three counties.
The contest is all part of Shapiro's 43-year study of climate and butterfly seasonality. He monitors the many species of Central California butterflies and posts the information on his website, Art's Butterfly World.
Shapiro says the cabbage white "is typically one of the first butterflies to emerge in late winter." Since 1972--the year he launched the "beer-for-for-a-butterfly" contest--the first flight has varied from Jan. 1 to Feb. 22, averaging about Jan. 20. And he usually wins his own contest because he knows where to find them. (See Bug Squad for results of this year's contest.)
Meanwhile, let's all catch some cabbage whites for the Pieris Project.
Have you seen this butterfly? You can become a part of a global community of citizen scientists by helping graduate students with a project. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Luck of a Lady in White
There's something about the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) that makes folks foam at the mouth.
That's because butterfly expert Arthur Shapiro, distinguished professor of evolution and ecology at the University of California, Davis, offers a pitcher of beer for the first butterfly of the year that's brought into the department from the three-county area of Sacramento, Yolo and Sacramento.
The contest is all part of Shapiro's 43-year study of climate and butterfly seasonality. He monitors the many species of Central California butterflies and posts the information on his website, Art's Butterfly World.
The cabbage white "is typically one of the first butterflies to emerge in late winter," he says. Since 1972--the year he launched the "beer-for-for-a-butterfly" contest--the first flight has varied from Jan. 1 to Feb. 22, averaging about Jan. 20.
The good professor almost always wins his own beer-for-a-butterfly contest because he knows where to look.
This year Shapiro netted his prize winner at 12:30 p.m. Tuesday, Jan. 14 in West Sacramento, Yolo County. He collected the male on the south slope of the railroad tracks where "I've caught at least half of the first-flight cabbage whites." The temperature hovered at 62 degrees, but soon rose to 70 degrees.
He caught it in mid-air with a self-described "ballet leap."
Contest over. All done. However, for months afterwards, would-be contestants, aka beer lovers, find a cabbage white and ask "Did I win?" Well, no...
Last weekend I followed a stunningly beautiful cabbage white in our bee garden as it nectared catmint. Usually these butterflies move so fast there's no chance of capturing them in mid-flight, but this one seemed to cooperate.
Pieris rapae! Pieris rapae! Pieris rapae! I almost executed a ballet leap. Hey, Art, did I win?
(Editor's Note: Read about the cabbageworm larvae on the UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management site.)
Cabbage white butterfly in mid-flight. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Cabbage white nectaring on catmint. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
The look of a lady. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
And the Winner of the Beer-for-a-Butterfly Contest...
Don't go looking for the first-flight cabbage white butterfly of the year in Yolo, Solano and Sacramento counties.
The beer-for-a-butterfly contest is over.
We have a winner!...drum roll...
Professor Arthur Shapiro!
Shapiro, a distinguished professor in the UC Davis Department of Evolution and Ecology, again won his own three-county area contest by netting the first-flight cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) of the year at 12:20 p.m. Tuesday, Jan. 14 in West Sacramento, Yolo County.
Shapiro netted a male on the south slope of the railroad tracks where "I've caught at least half of the first-flight cabbage whites." The temperature was 62 degrees, but soon rose to 70 degrees.
"I caught it in mid-air with a ballet leap!" Shapiro said, smiling.
"There was a little radish but hardly any vegetation there. It was about 40 or 50 feet from where I got the one last year, about one-fourth mile west of Harbor Boulevard. It was flying eastward along the edge of the service road."
The annual contest, which Shapiro launched in 1972, seeks the first-flight cabbage white butterfly of the year in the three-county area of Sacramento, Yolo and Solano. He has won every year except for the three years claimed the championship title.
The contest is all part of Shapiro's 43-year study of climate and butterfly seasonality. "It is typically one of the first butterflies to emerge in late winter. Since 1972, the first flight has varied from Jan. 1 to Feb. 22, averaging about Jan. 20."
"The cabbage white is now emerging a week or so earlier on average than it did 30 years ago here," Shapiro said. He estimated his 2014 find ranks as "the fifth or sixth earliest since 1972."
Shapiro delivered the butterfly to the Evolution and Ecology office, where it was verified by Sherri Mann and Joe Patrocinio. No one else has submitted an entry.
The professor, fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Royal Entomological Society and the California Academy of Sciences, initially calculated he would find the butterfly either Jan. 17 or 18. "It may have been out Monday (Jan. 13), but I was in Chico delivering a talk to the Northern California Botanists on "What Did Sacramento Valley Butterflies Do Before There Was Yellow Starthistle?"
While searching for the cabbage white on Tuesday, Shapiro also spotted a small male buckeye butterfly, (Junonia coenia) along the trail, and a mourning cloak (Nymphalis antiopa), perched on and flying around leafless willows. "That's the fourth earliest antiopa in the valley ever," he said.
Shapiro said he will be celebrating his victory by sharing a pitcher of beer with a friend at an undisclosed Davis venue. "It will be PBR (Pabst Blue Ribbon) because I get to choose."
The cabbage white butterfly inhabits vacant lots, fields and gardens where its host plants, weedy mustards, grow. Mustards, however, are late this year, he said, pointing out the drought. "The record for consecutive days without rainfall in the winter here is 44. We're on the 38th day and I see no chance of rain in sight, so this record will be broken." However, a "good Pineapple Express," he said, could easily erase the drought.
Now, with the first-flight butterfly caught and in the history/record books, "it is spring because I say so."
Shapiro maintains a website on butterflies at http://butterfly.ucdavis.edu, where he records the population trends he monitors in Central California. He and biologist/writer/photographer Tim Manolis co-authored A Field Guide to Butterflies of the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento Valley Regions, published in 2007 by the University of California Press.
Suds for a bug...this is the cabbage white butterfly that Art Shapiro caught Jan. 14. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Professor Art Shapiro with his newly netted cabbage white butterfly. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
A Bad Day for a Butterfly
It was a bad day for a butterfly.
We stopped by the Ruth Risdon Storer Garden, part of the UC Davis Arboretum, at noon today as triple-digit temperatures climbed to a scorching 103.
We spotted a few cabbage white butterflies (Pieris rapae) nectaring the Verbena (Verbena bonariensis), and a few honey bees on the gaura (Onagraceae).
The cabbage whites seemed to like the Verbena. They fluttered around the blossoms gracefully, touching down like snowy princesses in winged gowns and spiked heels, belying the fact that their caterpillars are pests of cabbage, kale, radish and broccoli, mustard and other members of the family Brassicaceae.
One cabbage white, however, wasn't so lucky.
As we rounded a corner of the garden, we noticed it wasn't fluttering. It wasn't moving. It wasn't doing anything.
There was a good reason why it wasn't going anywhere.
A hungry crab spider.
Crab spider with its kill, a cabbage white butterly. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
This one got away. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
He Nabbed It on New Year's Day
Art Shapiro knows where to find the cabbage white butterflies (Pieris rapae).
No sooner had he announced his annual "Beer-for-a-Butterfly" Contest, then he found one. Actually, two.
Shapiro, distinguished professor of evolution and ecology at UC Davis, has sponsored the annual contest since 1972 to draw attention to the butterfly and its first flight. He's been monitoring butterflies for more than three decades.
He awards a pitcher of beer (or its cash equivalent) to the first person who collects the first cabbage white of the year in a three-county area: Yolo, Solano and Sacramento.
Tuesday, Jan. 1 2013 dawned rather cold. Not to worry. That afternoon, at precisely 1:18 p.m., Eureka! Shapiro collected a cabbage white near a railroad embankment in the Yolo County city of West Sacramento and spotted another at the same site.
"At 1:29 p.m., I saw a second rapae there but did not pursue it," Shapiro said. "I figured that by the time I got near it, it would be somewhere else, so I let it be. The one that I took is unambiguously of the fall brood, based on phenotype--though it appears to have emerged today. Rapae was still flying here Dec. 17 and Dec. 24, so I was not entirely surprised to find it today."
Of the contest, Shapiro said: "I do not close my beer contest if the fall brood slops over. So the contest is still open and will be until someone gets an actual example of the 2013 brood! Which, I suspect, will not be for 10-14 days...but I'll be looking, especially since the computer models are forecasting the next two weeks 'dry.'
Shapiro related the details of his find. "Our family traditionally attends a New Year's Day party in Sacramento, regardless of the weather," Shapiro said. "If the weather is good, I go in the field first--usually to North Sacramento, which is close to the party venue in Boulevard Park. But this year I went to West Sac instead, advisedly, because I was intensely curious whether rapae would indeed be out."
"The wind was biting and made it feel colder than it was, but West Sac is wind-sheltered (the railroad embankment) and the south-facing slope was 50 degrees when I arrived at 11:45 a.m. It eventually topped out around 55-56 and actually felt warmer."
The cabbage white butterfly inhabits vacant lots, fields and gardens where its host plants, weedy mustards, grow. Shapiro saw some wild radish (Raphanus) in bloom, but no wild mustard (Brassica) in bloom. The first butterfly he saw was a Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta) flying "from south to north, lickety-split."
At 1:18 p.m. he spotted a rapae flying rather unsteadily parallel to the service road. "I lost it momentarily, then spotted it body-basking on a wild mustard leaf and caught it easily. It was a male of a typical late-autumn phenotype, heavy black pattern above, underside of hindwing bright yellow with a sprinkling of gray scales."
"And it was incredibly fresh--the wings seemed soft, and one forewing got outside its corresponding hindwing in the net. This is something that happens occasionally with newly hatched bugs that are not fully 'hardened'--I was afraid it might break off! I think it must have emerged today, and I got it on its maiden flight."
Shapiro, who usually wins his own contest, snagged the first cabbage white butterfly of 2012 at 11:50 a.m. on Sunday, Jan. 8 in West Sacramento. He caught the first cabbage white butterfly of 2011 at 1:21 p.m., Monday, Jan. 31 in Suisun City, Solano County.
Meanwhile, the contest is still under way, pending the declaration of a winner.
The rules state that butterfly must be collected outdoors in one of the three counties and delivered live to the office of the Department of Evolution and Ecology, 2320 Storer Hall, during work hours, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. All entries must list the exact time, date and location of the capture and the collector's name, address, phone number and/or email.
"The receptionist will certify that it is alive and refrigerate it," Shapiro said. "If you collect it on a weekend or holiday, hold it your refrigerator but do not freeze it. A few days in the fridge will not harm it."
Shapiro, who is in the field more than 200 days a year, has been defeated only three times since 1972. And all were his graduate students, whom he calls "my fiercest competitors." Adam Porter defeated him in 1983; and Sherri Graves and Rick VanBuskirk each won in the late 1990s.
For more information on the beer-for-a-butterfly contest, contact Art Shapiro at firstname.lastname@example.com, (530) 752-2176
Close-up of cabbage white butterfly in mid-2012. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)


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About Green Week
Green Week is a joint effort between the city of Oxford and the University of Mississippi to engage residents, students, and visitors in learning more about sustainability. Green Week represents a strong partnership and positive working relationship between the city and the university. The City of Oxford and the University of Mississippi formed a joint committee in 2009 to plan and implement Green Week,...Read More
Lecture: Rob Nixon
Rob Nixon's "Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor" The Huffington Post's, Amitava Kumar, describes Nixon's works as displaying lucidity and nimble thought that should be the envy of most academics; his nonfiction is inventive and affecting. Robert Nixon, a South African, is the Rachel Carson Professor of English at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. His new...Read More
Sustainability Fair
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Solve nonstiff differential equations; variable order method
[T,Y] = solver(odefun,tspan,y0)
[T,Y] = solver(odefun,tspan,y0,options)
[T,Y,TE,YE,IE] = solver(odefun,tspan,y0,options)
sol = solver(odefun,[t0 tf],y0...)
This page contains an overview of the solver functions: ode23, ode45, ode113, ode15s, ode23s, ode23t, and ode23tb. You can call any of these solvers by substituting the placeholder, solver, with any of the function names.
The following table describes the input arguments to the solvers.
A function handle that evaluates the right side of the differential equations. All solvers solve systems of equations in the form y′ = f(t,y) or problems that involve a mass matrix, M(t,y)y′ = f(t,y). The ode23s solver can solve only equations with constant mass matrices. ode15s and ode23t can solve problems with a mass matrix that is singular, i.e., differential-algebraic equations (DAEs).
A vector specifying the interval of integration, [t0,tf]. The solver imposes the initial conditions at tspan(1), and integrates from tspan(1) to tspan(end). To obtain solutions at specific times (all increasing or all decreasing), use tspan = [t0,t1,...,tf].
For tspan vectors with two elements [t0 tf], the solver returns the solution evaluated at every integration step. For tspan vectors with more than two elements, the solver returns solutions evaluated at the given time points. The time values must be in order, either increasing or decreasing.
Specifying tspan with more than two elements does not affect the internal time steps that the solver uses to traverse the interval from tspan(1) to tspan(end). All solvers in the ODE suite obtain output values by means of continuous extensions of the basic formulas. Although a solver does not necessarily step precisely to a time point specified in tspan, the solutions produced at the specified time points are of the same order of accuracy as the solutions computed at the internal time points.
Specifying tspan with more than two elements has little effect on the efficiency of computation, but for large systems, affects memory management.
A vector of initial conditions.
Structure of optional parameters that change the default integration properties. This is the fourth input argument.
[t,y] = solver(odefun,tspan,y0,options)
You can create options using the odeset function. See odeset for details.
The following table lists the output arguments for the solvers.
Column vector of time points.
Solution array. Each row in Y corresponds to the solution at a time returned in the corresponding row of T.
The time at which an event occurs.
The solution at the time of the event.
The index i of the event function that vanishes.
Structure to evaluate the solution.
[T,Y] = solver(odefun,tspan,y0) with tspan = [t0 tf] integrates the system of differential equations y′ = f(t,y) from time t0 to tf with initial conditions y0. The first input argument, odefun, is a function handle. The function, f = odefun(t,y), for a scalar t and a column vector y, must return a column vector f corresponding to f(t,y). Each row in the solution array Y corresponds to a time returned in column vector T. To obtain solutions at the specific times t0, t1,...,tf (all increasing or all decreasing), use tspan = [t0,t1,...,tf].
Parameterizing Functions explains how to provide additional parameters to the function fun, if necessary.
[T,Y] = solver(odefun,tspan,y0,options) solves as above with default integration parameters replaced by property values specified in options, an argument created with the odeset function. Commonly used properties include a scalar relative error tolerance RelTol (1e-3 by default) and a vector of absolute error tolerances AbsTol (all components are 1e-6 by default). If certain components of the solution must be nonnegative, use the odeset function to set the NonNegative property to the indices of these components. See odeset for details.
[T,Y,TE,YE,IE] = solver(odefun,tspan,y0,options) solves as above while also finding where functions of (t,y), called event functions, are zero. For each event function, you specify whether the integration is to terminate at a zero and whether the direction of the zero crossing matters. Do this by setting the 'Events' property to a function, e.g., events or @events, and creating a function [value,isterminal,direction] = events(t,y). For the ith event function in events,
value(i) is the value of the function.
isterminal(i) = 1, if the integration is to terminate at a zero of this event function and 0 otherwise.
direction(i) = 0 if all zeros are to be computed (the default), +1 if only the zeros where the event function increases, and -1 if only the zeros where the event function decreases.
Corresponding entries in TE, YE, and IE return, respectively, the time at which an event occurs, the solution at the time of the event, and the index i of the event function that vanishes.
sol = solver(odefun,[t0 tf],y0...) returns a structure that you can use with deval to evaluate the solution at any point on the interval [t0,tf]. You must pass odefun as a function handle. The structure sol always includes these fields:
Steps chosen by the solver.
Each column sol.y(:,i) contains the solution at sol.x(i).
Solver name.
If you specify the Events option and events are detected, sol also includes these fields:
Points at which events, if any, occurred. sol.xe(end) contains the exact point of a terminal event, if any.
Solutions that correspond to events in sol.xe.
Indices into the vector returned by the function specified in the Events option. The values indicate which event the solver detected.
If you specify an output function as the value of the OutputFcn property, the solver calls it with the computed solution after each time step. Four output functions are provided: odeplot, odephas2, odephas3, odeprint. When you call the solver with no output arguments, it calls the default odeplot to plot the solution as it is computed. odephas2 and odephas3 produce two- and three-dimensional phase plane plots, respectively. odeprint displays the solution components on the screen. By default, the ODE solver passes all components of the solution to the output function. You can pass only specific components by providing a vector of indices as the value of the OutputSel property. For example, if you call the solver with no output arguments and set the value of OutputSel to [1,3], the solver plots solution components 1 and 3 as they are computed.
For the stiff solvers ode15s, ode23s, ode23t, and ode23tb, the Jacobian matrix ∂f/∂y is critical to reliability and efficiency. Use odeset to set Jacobian to @FJAC if FJAC(T,Y) returns the Jacobian ∂f/∂y or to the matrix ∂f/∂y if the Jacobian is constant. If the Jacobian property is not set (the default), ∂f/∂y is approximated by finite differences. Set the Vectorized property 'on' if the ODE function is coded so that odefun(T,[Y1,Y2 ...]) returns [odefun(T,Y1),odefun(T,Y2) ...]. If ∂f/∂y is a sparse matrix, set the JPattern property to the sparsity pattern of ∂f/∂y, i.e., a sparse matrix S with S(i,j) = 1 if the ith component of f(t,y) depends on the jth component of y, and 0 otherwise.
The solvers of the ODE suite can solve problems of the form M(t,y)y′ = f(t,y), with time- and state-dependent mass matrix M. (The ode23s solver can solve only equations with constant mass matrices.) If a problem has a mass matrix, create a function M = MASS(t,y) that returns the value of the mass matrix, and use odeset to set the Mass property to @MASS. If the mass matrix is constant, the matrix should be used as the value of the Mass property. Problems with state-dependent mass matrices are more difficult:
If the mass matrix does not depend on the state variable y and the function MASS is to be called with one input argument, t, set the MStateDependence property to 'none'.
If the mass matrix depends weakly on y, set MStateDependence to 'weak' (the default); otherwise, set it to 'strong'. In either case, the function MASS is called with the two arguments (t,y).
If there are many differential equations, it is important to exploit sparsity:
Return a sparse M(t,y).
Supply the sparsity pattern of ∂f/∂y using the JPattern property or a sparse ∂f/∂y using the Jacobian property.
For strongly state-dependent M(t,y), set MvPattern to a sparse matrix S with S(i,j) = 1 if for any k, the (i,k) component of M(t,y) depends on component j of y, and 0 otherwise.
If the mass matrix M is singular, then M(t,y)y′ = f(t,y) is a system of differential algebraic equations. DAEs have solutions only when y0 is consistent, that is, if there is a vector yp0 such that M(t0,y0)yp0 = f(t0,y0). The ode15s and ode23t solvers can solve DAEs of index 1 provided that y0 is sufficiently close to being consistent. If there is a mass matrix, you can use odeset to set the MassSingular property to 'yes', 'no', or 'maybe'. The default value of 'maybe' causes the solver to test whether the problem is a DAE. You can provide yp0 as the value of the InitialSlope property. The default is the zero vector. If a problem is a DAE, and y0 and yp0 are not consistent, the solver treats them as guesses, attempts to compute consistent values that are close to the guesses, and continues to solve the problem. When solving DAEs, it is very advantageous to formulate the problem so that M is a diagonal matrix (a semi-explicit DAE).
Problem Type
Order of Accuracy
When to Use
Most of the time. This should be the first solver you try.
For problems with crude error tolerances or for solving moderately stiff problems.
Low to high
For problems with stringent error tolerances or for solving computationally intensive problems.
Low to medium
If ode45 is slow because the problem is stiff.
If using crude error tolerances to solve stiff systems and the mass matrix is constant.
Moderately Stiff
For moderately stiff problems if you need a solution without numerical damping.
If using crude error tolerances to solve stiff systems.
The algorithms used in the ODE solvers vary according to order of accuracy [6] and the type of systems (stiff or nonstiff) they are designed to solve. See Algorithms for more details.
Different solvers accept different parameters in the options list. For more information, see odeset and Integrator Options in the MATLAB® Mathematics documentation.
√ *
√ *
√ *
An example of a nonstiff system is the system of equations describing the motion of a rigid body without external forces.
To simulate this system, create a function rigid containing the equations
function dy = rigid(t,y) dy = zeros(3,1); % a column vector dy(1) = y(2) * y(3); dy(2) = -y(1) * y(3); dy(3) = -0.51 * y(1) * y(2);
In this example we change the error tolerances using the odeset command and solve on a time interval [0 12] with an initial condition vector [0 1 1] at time 0.
options = odeset('RelTol',1e-4,'AbsTol',[1e-4 1e-4 1e-5]); [T,Y] = ode45(@rigid,[0 12],[0 1 1],options);
Plotting the columns of the returned array Y versus T shows the solution
An example of a stiff system is provided by the van der Pol equations in relaxation oscillation. The limit cycle has portions where the solution components change slowly and the problem is quite stiff, alternating with regions of very sharp change where it is not stiff.
To simulate this system, create a function vdp1000 containing the equations
function dy = vdp1000(t,y) dy = zeros(2,1); % a column vector dy(1) = y(2); dy(2) = 1000*(1 - y(1)^2)*y(2) - y(1);
For this problem, we will use the default relative and absolute tolerances (1e-3 and 1e-6, respectively) and solve on a time interval of [0 3000] with initial condition vector [2 0] at time 0.
[T,Y] = ode15s(@vdp1000,[0 3000],[2 0]);
Plotting the first column of the returned matrix Y versus T shows the solution
This example solves an ordinary differential equation with time-dependent terms.
Consider the following ODE, with time-dependent parameters defined only through the set of data points given in two vectors:
y'(t) + f(t)y(t) = g(t)
The initial condition is y(1) = 1, where the function f(t) is defined by the n-by-1 vector f evaluated at times ft, and the function g(t) is defined by the m-by-1 vector g evaluated at times gt.
First, define the time-dependent parameters f(t) and g(t) as the following:
ft = linspace(0,5,25); % Generate t for f f = ft.^2 - ft - 3; % Generate f(t) gt = linspace(1,6,25); % Generate t for g g = 3*sin(gt-0.25); % Generate g(t)
Write a function to interpolate the data sets specified above to obtain the value of the time-dependent terms at the specified time:
function dydt = myode(t,y,ft,f,gt,g) f = interp1(ft,f,t); % Interpolate the data set (ft,f) at time t g = interp1(gt,g,t); % Interpolate the data set (gt,g) at time t dydt = -f.*y + g; % Evaluate ODE at time t
Call the derivative function myode.m within the MATLAB ode45 function specifying time as the first input argument :
Tspan = [1 5]; % Solve from t=1 to t=5 IC = 1; % y(t=1) = 1 [T Y] = ode45(@(t,y) myode(t,y,ft,f,gt,g),Tspan,IC); % Solve ODE
Plot the solution y(t) as a function of time:
plot(T, Y); title('Plot of y as a function of time'); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Y(t)');
ode45 is based on an explicit Runge-Kutta (4,5) formula, the Dormand-Prince pair. It is a one-step solver – in computing y(tn), it needs only the solution at the immediately preceding time point, y(tn-1). In general, ode45 is the best function to apply as a first try for most problems. [3]
ode23 is an implementation of an explicit Runge-Kutta (2,3) pair of Bogacki and Shampine. It may be more efficient than ode45 at crude tolerances and in the presence of moderate stiffness. Like ode45, ode23 is a one-step solver. [2]
ode113 is a variable order Adams-Bashforth-Moulton PECE solver. It may be more efficient than ode45 at stringent tolerances and when the ODE file function is particularly expensive to evaluate. ode113 is a multistep solver — it normally needs the solutions at several preceding time points to compute the current solution. [7]
The above algorithms are intended to solve nonstiff systems. If they appear to be unduly slow, try using one of the stiff solvers below.
ode15s is a variable order solver based on the numerical differentiation formulas (NDFs). Optionally, it uses the backward differentiation formulas (BDFs, also known as Gear's method) that are usually less efficient. Like ode113, ode15s is a multistep solver. Try ode15s when ode45 fails, or is very inefficient, and you suspect that the problem is stiff, or when solving a differential-algebraic problem. [9], [10]
ode23s is based on a modified Rosenbrock formula of order 2. Because it is a one-step solver, it may be more efficient than ode15s at crude tolerances. It can solve some kinds of stiff problems for which ode15s is not effective. [9]
ode23t is an implementation of the trapezoidal rule using a "free" interpolant. Use this solver if the problem is only moderately stiff and you need a solution without numerical damping. ode23t can solve DAEs. [10]
ode23tb is an implementation of TR-BDF2, an implicit Runge-Kutta formula with a first stage that is a trapezoidal rule step and a second stage that is a backward differentiation formula of order two. By construction, the same iteration matrix is used in evaluating both stages. Like ode23s, this solver may be more efficient than ode15s at crude tolerances. [8], [1]
[1] Bank, R. E., W. C. Coughran, Jr., W. Fichtner, E. Grosse, D. Rose, and R. Smith, "Transient Simulation of Silicon Devices and Circuits," IEEE Trans. CAD, 4 (1985), pp. 436–451.
[2] Bogacki, P. and L. F. Shampine, "A 3(2) pair of Runge-Kutta formulas," Appl. Math. Letters, Vol. 2, 1989, pp. 321–325.
[3] Dormand, J. R. and P. J. Prince, "A family of embedded Runge-Kutta formulae," J. Comp. Appl. Math., Vol. 6, 1980, pp. 19–26.
[4] Forsythe, G. , M. Malcolm, and C. Moler, Computer Methods for Mathematical Computations, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1977.
[5] Kahaner, D. , C. Moler, and S. Nash, Numerical Methods and Software, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1989.
[6] Shampine, L. F. , Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations, Chapman & Hall, New York, 1994.
[7] Shampine, L. F. and M. K. Gordon, Computer Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: the Initial Value Problem, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1975.
[8] Shampine, L. F. and M. E. Hosea, "Analysis and Implementation of TR-BDF2," Applied Numerical Mathematics 20, 1996.
[9] Shampine, L. F. and M. W. Reichelt, "The MATLAB ODE Suite," SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, Vol. 18, 1997, pp. 1–22.
[10] Shampine, L. F., M. W. Reichelt, and J.A. Kierzenka, "Solving Index-1 DAEs in MATLAB and Simulink," SIAM Review, Vol. 41, 1999, pp. 538–552.
deval | function_handle | ode15i | odeget | odeset


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JFH Photobooths4 Reviews
Barre, VT | 866-656-0513
An elegant approach to creating fun and unique memories of your special day. Capture the happiness and preserve your day with our custom portable...(more)
Green Mt. Photobooth17 Reviews
Vt Photobooths
Underhill, VT | 802-323-2465
Green Mt. Photobooth is Vt's largest photobooth company with 7 photobooths. We offer personalized service and the highest quality photobooths on...(more)
Party Booths85 Reviews
Photo Booth Rentals - Nation Wide Service - 866-437-0297
Party Booths has emerged as the largest and most distinguished provider of photo booth rental services in the entire nation simply because we...(more)
Contact Us Website
Get a full 6 hour rental at the price of our 4 hour rental! *A $200 value!
Rain or Shine Tent and Events9 Reviews
Randolph, VT | 800-640-8368
Rain or Shine Tent and Events is a service oriented full service rental company. We specialize in customer service and high quality products. Our...(more)
Photobooth Planet26 Reviews
Throw a party your guests will never forget!
Essex Junction, VT | 802-598-3940
Providing a photobooth for your wedding reception is the perfect way to create instant memories and unparalleled fun. Capture the intimate...(more)
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Expires: Dec 31, 2014
Take $100 off any Classic PhotoBooth rental that takes place in 2014.


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Poor little block spent the winter trying to find shelter from the elements. The only thing I can figure is that when I took all the blocks outside to get photographed sometime last fall, this one escaped without my notice. That'll teach it for trying to pull a runner!
Post edit: Someone on FB asked about the tutorial for this block. It is here: http://www.quiltdad.com/2012/01/bloggers-bom-block-5.html
By the way - I have loved reading the Quilting Life comments! Thank you for taking the time to write them. (I wish summer vacation allowed me more time to respond to them individually.) It's fun to feel the common bonds that run through quilt-y folks.


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iSkin iPad Duo Gel Skin Shell
Regular Price: $19.99
Protect your Apple iPad from knocks and drops with the iSkin iPad Duo Gel Skin Shell. The Duo shell is comprised of premium silicone material, providing you with a no-slip grip on your iPad. Microban antimicrobial protection prevents the growth of bacteria by shielding your iPad from stains and odors. The raised screen border gives your screen additional protection, ensuring that your screen remains clean and scratch-free. The iSkin iPad Duo Gel Skin Shell allows access to all ports and buttons, while the volume and power buttons remain covered for added protection. This case is only compatible with the original iPad.Learn More


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THIS PAGE IS NO LONGER BEING UPDATED. It was last checked on Sat 4 Jan 2014 10:30:42 GMT . It will shortly be removed.
It has been replaced with a new design - CLICK HERE FOR THE NEW PAGE - you will be redirected automatically in a few seconds
Enter your postcode for directions to Red Hall...
South St
Click HERE for great hotel discounts nearby
Function room available for private hire
Banqueting capacity is not known.
Car park capacity is not known.
Need a DJ or Mobile Disco? We recommend the following companies for events at Red Hall:
Visit www.needadisco.com for a FULL list of QUALITY and SAFETY checked mobile discos and DJs covering Red Hall
* On 04/12/2012 we supplied wedding disco / DJ quotes for a reception at Red Hall for 90 guests
* On 13/01/2013 we supplied wedding disco / DJ quotes for a reception at Red Hall for 120 guests
* On 01/08/2013 we supplied mobile disco / DJ quotes for a Wedding or Civil Partnership celebration at Red Hall for 100 guests
We currently hold the following details about individual rooms for hire at Red Hall.
Accessibility for this particular room has not been assessed.
This room has been reviewed in detail by one of our visiting DJ members. For a full review, CLICK HERE
This listing has been compiled from copy taken from the venue website, public directories, customer reviews and feedback from previous customers and suppliers. Despite our best efforts, the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. You should satisfy yourself of the facts prior to making any commitments (financial or otherwise) in respect of the details given here.
The venue owner or manager may wish to review our options for placing a formal listing by visiting our upgrades page. Basic listings are free of charge. Premium listings are available which are not supported by advertising. Feedback and reviews may be submitted by anyone; to avoid abuse various checks are made to prevent spamming.
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This page was last updated: Sat 4 Jan 2014 10:30:44 GMT
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