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NICE clinical guidelines are systematically-developed recommendations on how healthcare and other professionals should care for people with specific conditions. The recommendations are based on the best available evidence. Clinical guidelines are also important for health service managers and those who commission NHS services.List of clinical guidelines
Clinical guidelines can cover any aspect of a condition. This may include recommendations about providing information and advice, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and longer-term management.
Our clinical guidelines:
- aim to improve the quality of care for patients
- assess how well different treatments and ways of managing a specific condition work
- assess whether treatments and ways of managing a condition are good value for money for the NHS
- set out the clinical care that is suitable for most patients with a specific condition using the NHS in England and Wales
- take account of the views of those who might be affected by the guideline (including healthcare and other professionals, patients and carers, health service managers, NHS trusts, the public, government bodies and the healthcare industry)
- are based on the best available research evidence and expert consensus
- are developed using a standard process and standard ways of analysing the evidence, which are respected by the NHS and other stakeholders, including patients
- make it clear how each recommendation was decided on
- are advisory rather than compulsory, but should be taken into account by healthcare and other professionals when planning care for individual patients.
Healthcare and other professionals in the NHS are expected to take our clinical guidelines fully into account when exercising their professional judgement. However, the guidance does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals and others to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of each patient. These decisions should be made in consultation with, and with the agreement of, the patient and/or their guardian or carer. Healthcare professionals and others should record their reasons for not following clinical guideline recommendations.
Our clinical guidelines are developed for the NHS, but they may also be relevant to professionals working outside the NHS, such as those working in social care.
Developing NICE clinical guidelines
An overview of the development process.
Guideline topic is referred.
The Department of Health refers clinical guideline topics to NICE.
Stakeholders register interest.
National organisations representing patients and carers, and also health professionals involved in their care can register as stakeholders. Stakeholders are consulted throughout the guideline development process.
Scope prepared.
The National Collaborating Centre (NCC) commissioned to develop the guideline prepares the scope. This document sets out what the guideline will - and will not - cover. NICE, registered stakeholders and an independent guideline review panel can all contribute to the development of the scope.
Guideline development group established.
The NCC sets up an independent guideline development group for each clinical guideline being developed. Group members include health professionals and patient/carer representatives with relevant expertise and experience. Registered stakeholders are invited to nominate people to join the group. The guideline development group looks at the evidence available and considers comments made on draft versions of the guideline issued for consultation before making final recommendations. The group is recruited during the scoping phase: if required, one member may be recruited at the start of scoping.
Draft guideline produced.
To produce the draft guideline, the group assesses the available evidence and makes recommendations.
Consultation on the draft guideline.
There is at least one public consultation period for registered stakeholders to comment on the draft guideline.
Final guideline produced.
After the guideline development group finalises the recommendations, the collaborating centre produces the final guideline.
Guidance issued.
NICE formally approves and publishes the guideline.
Short guideline process
Short clinical guidelines address clinical questions which do not meet the topic selection criteria for a traditional clinical guideline or technology appraisal, but nevertheless require guidance.
Short clinical guidelines are developed to the same rigorous methods as clinical guidelines but they are produced within a shorter 9 -11 month timescale. The criteria for their referral to NICE are the same as for topics selected for the main clinical guidelines programme, with an additional judgement about the urgency of the advice.
Useful documents
Clinical guideline development methods: The guidelines manual 2012
The guidelines manual explains how NICE develops clinical guidelines and provides advice on the technical aspects of guideline development.
The manual is updated every 3 years. The 2012 edition is the latest version and describes the process and methods used for all clinical guidelines that began development after 1 December 2012.
- The guidelines manual 2012 - All chapters
- The guidelines manual 2012: appendix A - Agreements and advice for Guideline Development Group members
- The guidelines manual 2012: appendices B-I - Methodology checklists
- The guidelines manual 2012: appendices J-K - Evidence tables and GRADE profiles
- The guidelines manual 2012: appendix L - Abbreviations and glossary
- The guidelines manual 2012: appendix M - Guide to the short clinical guideline process
- The guidelines manual 2012: appendix N - How NICE clinical guidelines are developed: an overview for stakeholders, the public and the NHS (fifth edition)
Previous versions of the guideline manual
Guidelines that were published or in development between 2009 and 2012 will have followed the process and methods from the 2009 manual for some or all stages of their development. The methods sections of draft and published full guidelines will specify which version of the manual was used
Positively Equal: a guide to addressing equality issues in developing clinical guidelines
This guide to addressing equality issues in developing clinical guidelines is used by NICE's Centre for Clinical Practice, the National Collaborating Centres, chairs and members of guideline development groups (GDGs).
Interim methods for developing service guidance
NICE has developed interim methods for developing service guidance and published these in October 2014.
- Interim methods guide for developing service guidance 2014
- Operational research in cost-effectiveness analysis of service delivery interventions
Please note: This is replacing the old Interim methods guide for developing service guidance 2013
Interim process and methods for clinical guideline surveillance
NICE has developed an interim clinical guideline surveillance process and methods guide. This replaces sections 14.1 and 14.2 of the guidelines manual for guidelines being considered for updating from August 2013 onwards. This interim process will be evaluated over a 12-month period, and will then be subject to formal consultation.
Reviewing and updating published guidelines
Published guidelines undergo surveillance reviews every 2 years after publication to decide if an update is needed at that time. This surveillance review decision is informed by a number of stages of intelligence gathering, including searches for evidence, related guidance and qualitative feedback from other NICE departments, the National Collaborating Centre (NCC) that developed the original guideline and the Guideline Development Group (GDG).
Stakeholders register interest
National organisations representing patients and carers, and also healthcare professionals involved in their care, can register as stakeholders.
Surveillance process begins
Searches take place for new evidence that may have emerged after publication of the guideline that will inform surveillance review proposals for updating.
Surveillance review proposal prepared
The surveillance review proposal will outline a summary of the key factors that have influenced the decision behind the proposal.
Consultation on the surveillance review proposal (only for proposals to not update the guideline at 4 and 8 years after publication)
This is a period for registered stakeholders to comment on any surveillance review proposal to not update the guideline in whole or in part.
Surveillance review proposals about guidelines undergoing surveillance at 2, 6 and 10 years after publication will not be consulted on.
Clinical guidelines review programme: guidance on confidential information
Final surveillance review decision produced and published
NICE Guidance Executive makes a final decision on whether NICE will update the guideline, and the review decision is published on the website.
This interim process and methodology is described in more detail here.
Clinical guideline updates using a standing committee
NICE uses a standing committee, rather than an ad hoc guideline development committee, to update discrete parts of published clinical guidelines when a full update is not needed. A pilot programme began in October 2013. The principal role of the committee is to update clinical guideline recommendations across a range of clinical guidelines as requested by NICE's Guidance Executive. The Committee develops recommendations for the NHS in accordance with NICE's published methods, but the process takes less time than a full update. This process was formerly known as 'rapid updates'.
Guidelines eligible for update by the standing committee are those where the update focuses on small and very defined areas of the guideline.
The process for substantially updating clinical guidelines has not changed and is explained in the guidelines manual.
The committee consists of 12-15 core healthcare professional, patient and carer members. They are supplemented by 2-5 topic-specific members primarily drawn from the original Guideline Development Group for each guideline. Additional expert witnesses may be invited to attend.
The initial topics identified for update using a standard committee are:
- Advanced breast cancer
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Long acting reversible contraception
- Post natal care
- Colorectal cancer
The draft recommendations will be consulted upon. To take part in the consultation process your organisation will need to register as a stakeholder
- Terms of Reference and Standing Orders of the updates standing committee
- Interim process and methods guide for the clinical guideline standing committee updates pilot programme 2013
Cancer service guidance
Cancer service guidance supports the implementation of the NHS Cancer Plan for England, and the NHS Plan for Wales Improving Health in Wales. The focus of the cancer service guidance is to guide the commissioning of services and is therefore different from clinical practice guidelines.
Health professionals should take the NICE cancer service guidance into account when planning, commissioning and organising services for cancer patients. This guidance can be used to identify gaps in local provision and to check the appropriateness of existing services.
Clinical guideline static list
Some clinical guidelines are not updated as often as the rest of NICE's clinical guidelines. They are placed on a 'static list' and undergo surveillance less often
Further information
NICE's collaborating centres (NCCs)
NICE's collaborating centres (NCCs) help develop clinical and social care guidelines by harnessing the expertise of the royal medical colleges, professional bodies and patient/carer organisations.
- The National Clinical Guideline Centre (NCGC) is hosted by the Royal College of Physicians and overseen by a governance partnership between the Royal College of General Practitioners, Royal College of Nursing, Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Surgeons of England.
- The National Collaborating Centre for Cancer (NCC-C) is hosted by Velindre NHS Trust in Cardiff and operates in partnership with Cardiff University and other organisations.
- The National Collaborating Centre for Women´s and Children's Health (NCC-WCH) is supported by a partnership led by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, which includes the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal College of Midwives, Royal College of Nursing and a range of stakeholder and consumer partners including general practitioners.
- The National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NCCMH) is a partnership between the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the British Psychological Society.
- The NICE Collaborating Centre for Social Care is a consortium led by the Social Care Institute for Excellence, with Research in Practice, Research in Practice for Adults,the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre and the Personal Social Services Research Unit.


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|Alkali CA9 RPD Grip Hockey Sticks Int L
Was: $139.99
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- Heritage: CA9
- Level of Player: Ideal for the advance to pro level player
- Construction: Fused one-piece
- Shaft Dimensions: Rounded corners/Straight sidewalls
- Flex Point: Low kick
- Weight: 480 grams (based on A33 curve, 85 flex)
- Construction:
- 3K carbon fiber weave
- Increased strength while being lightweight
- Vibration Dampening Coating (VDC)
- This coating provides precise puck control and shot accuracy while adding grip to the blade and shaft
- Shaft:
- Low-flex point shaft
- Results in a quick and powerful shot
- Geometry:
- Traditional shaft dimensions
- Straight side walls, rounded corners
- Traditional shaft dimensions
- Grip:
- The Vibration Dampening Coating gives the entire stick a slightly rubber feel
- Raised Alkali logos run a majority of the shaft where the bottom hand grips the stick
- Blade:
- 3K carbon fiber weave
- Provides a solid and rigid blade while improving overall balance
- Flex: 75
- Curve Comparisons:
- A17 - Iginla
- A33 - Hall
- A77 - Cammalleri
- Length: The length will be measured upon arrival
Other Items to Consider
Alkali Hockey Sticks
Low Kick for Quick Shot
The Alkali CA9 RPD hockey sticks are the flagship sticks offered by Alkali this year. The CA9 RPD stick uses the Vibration Dampening Coating (VDC) from head to toe giving the player increased puck feel as well as consistency while also reducing puck vibrations. This material has a slight rubber feel so the shaft and blade will have a grip texture throughout, the grip on the blade eliminates the necessity for tape too! The Intermediate length will be measured upon arrival but will be available in 75 flex.
The Alkali CA5 hockey stick is a solid, mid-range stick from the new roller hockey specific company, Alkali Hockey. The difference between this stick and the CA9 is the use of VDC carbon fiber weave which will increase the strength and durability of the stick without sacrificing weight and feel. It still features the same anti-slash protection and vibration dampening core blade for precision control. The intermediate stick is available in 75 flex.

subset: commoncrawl


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SEO together with ABAKUS
Welcome to ABAKUS Internet Marketing!
As a specialized agency for Search Engine Optimization, we can help you to optimize your website for Google & Co by providing professional and serious methods.
ABAKUS Internet Marketing is also the organizer of the SEMSEO - our conference for search engine optimization and search engine marketing as well as the developers of the SEO analysis tool SEO Diver.
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Dress little ones for fun in baby swimwear
Spending the day in the pool or by the lake is a great way for the whole family to have fun. It also gets your baby or toddler used to the water and prepares them to learn to swim when they're older. Today's baby swimwear gives you many options for your aspiring swimmers. Whether your child is still splashing in the kiddie pool or is ready to start learning to paddle, you'll find just the right swimwear at Sears.
Like other clothes for kids, swimwear often sports an overall theme. For the little princesses and pirates in your life, brands like Baby Buns offer adorable options that match their personalities. Disney, Hello Kitty and other baby character apparel make swimming fun for your little one. At Sears, you'll find girls' suits with one or two pieces sized just right for young swimmers. Bold patterns and bright colors are easy to find in our extensive selection and will delight toddlers' senses. Boys' swim shorts and board shorts come in a variety of styles as well, many of which feature eye-catching primary colors and favorite characters from TV shows and movies. Even your infant can get in on the fun with swim diapers designed specifically to go in the water without leaking or swelling.
Playing in the water is a lot of fun for kids, but it's important to remember to take proper precautions whenever your little one spends time in the sun. Even the cutest swimwear needs a few baby clothing accessories to make it suitable for daily wear. Hats, sunglasses and rash guard shirts from brands like I Play keep your child's sensitive skin safe from the harsh rays of the sun so you can let them have fun without worrying. If you're ready to teach your kids to swim, Texas Recreation and My Pool Pal provide swimwear with built-in floatation devices to give your kids confidence as they learn.
Once they've gotten used to being wet, chances are your kids will realize just how fun it is to be in the water. Eventually, though, it will be time to get out and head home or go back inside. It can be a shock to feel the air temperature after a long day of swimming, so brands like Baby Banz make boys toddler outerwear and other cover-ups meant to keep chills at bay. Toddler-sized sweatshirts, hoodies and more come in attractive colors that can be matched to your child's swimwear for a look that's stylish as well as comfortable.
Before you take your next trip to the beach, be sure that your little one has the right baby swimwear for the occasion. With styles ranging from cute tankinis to rugged board shorts, you're sure to find something that your child will love to wear. Shop the swimwear selection at Sears and get your little one ready for a day of fun in the sun.


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You can now get your copy of Time Out Tokyo magazine delivered - we ship internationally too!
If you haven't picked up a copy of our new magazine yet, start here...
Get your copy
Time Out Café & Diner is the sophisticated Ebisu area's newest global meeting place.
Discover Tokyo's best shopping, restaurants, nightlife with Time Out GuideBooks.
Discover Japan's endless diversity with our in-depth guide
December 23, Harajuku
December 22, Harajuku
Our newsletters get the best of Tokyo delivered straight to your inbox.
Copyright © 2014 Time Out Tokyo


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Our Town Library: Family Theater
OUR TOWN LIBRARY: FAMILY THEATER: Celebrate our library's rich cultural history and join us for a student- created theater production. Tween and teen actors, writers, musicians, singers and artists have worked for months to create this very special performance. You'll experience the evolution of the library from when it was just a thought in one woman's mind to the wonderful institution it is today! Directed by Elise May with creative director Katie Lyons and musical director Jake Glickman. Sponsored by the Jackie Spielman Storytelling Fund and the JP Morgan Chase Regrant Program. 11 a.m.


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New Cars from Auto Shanghai 2011
While many gearheads have their attention tuned to this week's opening of the New York Auto Show, plenty of auto excitement (and many of the coolest cars) are coming out of Auto Shanghai 2011. China's premier car show opened to the media on Tuesday, with the world's most recognized international brands side by side with China's dozens of younger domestic brands. Automakers of all sizes have staked a claim in China in an effort to profit from its unprecedented expansion; the market has grown from about 2 million light vehicle sales in 2001 to 17.2 million last year. This year, domestic and international automakers showcased electric vehicle concepts alongside large SUVs and luxury sedans. And several international companies, including General Motors and Nissan, introduced new brands aimed specifically at competing for lower-priced domestic buyers, particularly outside of China's largest cities.
By The Automotive Editors
Mercedes-Benz Smart Car
Feng Li/Getty Images


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The Holloran Center for Ethical Leadership in the Professions present The Fredrickson and Byron Law Firm Lecture in Honor of John Byron and a Medtronic Business and Law Roundtable. The panel discussion "Building Trust to Transform Healthcare: A Dialogue Across the Professions of Law, Medicine, and Business" will feature:
1.5 Hours of free standard CLE will be applied for.
This program is free and open to the public.


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Exclusive multipunched binding edge. Top opening, sealed on three sides, made of clear polypropylene. Acid free blank inserts. Archival quality. Fits most multi-ring binders.
Ask a question about Archival Refill Pages Ask a question about this product
Average User Rating: Based on (8 Reviews)
5 8
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Really nice pages; I bought them for archiving old prints. Pages are easy to use, high quality, and a good fit into the presentation case. MisterArt.com was highly competitive in price, fast in shipping,...[more]
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You are visiting our UK site. Click here to view our US site
Japanese Acupuncture
Below is a range of carefully selected textbooks discussing Japanese acupuncture.
Japanese Acupuncture
Chasing the Dragons Tailby Yoshio Manaka and Stephen Birch
Price: £33.75 £37.50
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Hara Diagnosis- Reflections on the Seaby Kiiko Matsumoto and Stephen Birch
Price: £40.50 £45.00
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Japanese Acupuncture - A Clinical Guideby Stephen Birch and Junko Ida
Price: £27.00 £30.00
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Japanese Classical Acupuncture: Introduction to Meridian Therapyby Shudo Denmei (translated by Stephen Brown)
Price: £25.65 £28.50
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The Practice of Japanese Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Classic Principles in Actionby Ikeda Masakazu (translated by Edward Obaidey)
Price: £29.99 £33.00
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Traditional Japanese Acupuncture: Fundamentals of Meridian Therapyby Society for Tradiotnal Japanese Medicine and Ko...
Price: £23.60 £26.20
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Japanese Classical Acupuncture: Introduction to Meridian Therapyby Shudo Denmei (translated by Stephen Brown)
Price: £21.99 £24.99
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KAMPO, 1st EditionA Clinical Guide to Theory and PracticeKAMPO, 1st EditionA Clinical Guide to Theory and P...
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Auriculotherapy Seminars - The 2014 UK Weekend Workshops with Jim Chalmers
A brief history of Ear Acupuncture, Anatomy and Enervation of the Ear, Techniques to locate active points, Prioritisation of point selection, TCM integration... [more]
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Toshiba Dynabook Ss m35 Battery < TOSHIBA < Laptop Batteries < Battery Store
1. A new toshiba dynabook ss m35 battery usually with very low capacity, it is highly recommended to fully charge the new battery before using it.
2. A new battery for toshiba dynabook ss m35 pack needs to be circled (fully discharged and recharged) 3 to 5 times to reach its optimum performance.
3. Dynabook Ss m35 Series laptop batteries will undergo self-discharging. Thus, it should be stored in a fully charged state and kept in a cool, dry and clean place when left unused for a long period of time.
4. Don't short-circuit Dynabook Ss m35 Series battery. A short-circuit may cause severe damage to your toshiba dynabook ss m35 laptop battery.
5. Don't hit the Dynabook Ss m35 Series battery or scrape it with the sharp objects.
6. It is normal if a new Dynabook Ss m35 Series Laptop Batteries gets warm when being charged or used. However, please pay special attention if the TOSHIBA Laptop Batteries pack becomes excessively hot. This may indicate there is a problem with the charging circuit of the electronic device. Please consult a qualified technician if necessary.
Laptop Battery / Camera Battery / Camcorder Battery / Battery Charger / PDA Battery / AC(DC) Adapter / Other / other battery seller


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Rangers Coverage
Tuesday's GameRangers Put Out Flames
Nash's two goals power Rangers in dominant win over Calgary.
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Friday 10 PM, MSGGiants First & 10
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Saturday 2 PM, MSG+FSU vs. USF
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Round Rock Arts (RRA) whose purpose is to encourage, support and enhance current and new Arts & Cultural activities in the Round Rock and the Greater Williamson County area, is now accepting artwork submissions from all artists 18 years of age and older who reside or work in the greater Round Rock and surrounding area for its April ArtSpace exhibit.
The theme for the April exhibit is Round Rock's Centennial. Deadline for submissions is midnight Friday, March 29.
The exhibit runs from April 1 – 29, 2013 at ArtSpace, 231 E. Main Street, Round Rock, Texas 78664.
SpecificationsEntries must be original works of art, entirely the work of the entrant. Entries may be 2D & 3D works in all mediums. All 2D entries must be framed and have a professional appearance. Works must be ready for hanging with wire (no saw tooth hangers). Unframed stretched canvas will be accepted if the sides are printed and no staples are visable. (Fully wrapped canvas only.)
Artist to put label on back of painting in upper left hand corner with: Title of Painting, Artist Name, Sales Price of Piece, Phone Number and Email address.
Entries which are sold from this exhibit (up to 30 days after the closing of the exhibit as a result of having been exhibited in this show) must pay Round Rock Arts a commission of 20 percent of the sales price.
All sales shall be handled between the artist and client.
Artists may not substitute another work for an accepted work nor withdraw that work once it is accepted. All paintings will hang for the duration of the exhibit.
Round Rock Arts carries no insurance for loss or damage to artwork in the exhibit or in transit, not assumes liability for the same. However, every precaution will be taken for the safety of the work. Artists should provide their own coverage if desired.
How to Submit
Exhibit calendar


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Kichler 310101 Hatteras Bay Patio Ceiling Fan
This rustic 44 inch Hatteras Bay™ Patio fan is a charming accent piece that will complement any space. Featuring a Weathered Copper Powder Coat, Galvanized Steel, Tannery Bronze Powder Coat or Distressed Black finish and a broad Fresnel Lens, this design is sure to leave an impression in your home.
Included Components:
- 3-Speed indoor ceiling fan
- 5 Reversible ABS fan blades
- 4-Bulb light kit with bulbs
- Portable Cool-Touch remote control with wall mounting kit
- 12" Downrod
Fan Features:
- Fan is UL Rated for Damp locations
- Fan is fully covered under Kichler's limited lifetime warranty
- Fan housing features all-metal construction
- Sturdy solid wood blades provide a lifetime of beauty
- Blades are reversible - giving maximum aesthetic versatility
- Hanging canopy style - compatible with downrods ranging from 6" - 72" (12" downrod included)
- 3 Speed options - operates in both forward and reverse
- Portable control panel for on/off and speed adjustment (comes with wall docking)
- Included 4-bulb light kit - makes for an all-in-one installation package
- 78" Lead wire included
- Secure mounting assembly enhances fan's safety
- This fan includes a flush mount canopy for low ceiling applications (Downrod decor must be removed for flush mount installation)
Fan Specifications:
- Motor Size: 153mm x 17mm
- Fan Speeds: 3
- Height: 22.5" (measured from ceiling to bottom most point on fan fixture)
- Blade Sweep: 44" (total fixture width)
- Blade Pitch: 14-degrees
- Location Rating: Damp / Outside
- Airflow on High: 4299 CFM (cubic feet per minute)
- Watts on High: 160 (excludes light wattage)
- Voltage: 120 V
- Light Direction: Down Lighting
- Bulb Type: Halogen
Have a Sloped Ceiling?
This fan comes standard with Kichler's universal hanging system. This basic system allows for mounting on ceiling with up to a 22 degree slope. For ceilings in excess of this, you will need the Kichler 337005 sloped ceiling adapter (adapts up to 60 degrees).
Have a High Ceiling?
Many Kichler ceiling fans work with 8 or 9 foot ceilings. If your ceiling is higher, you'll need a downrod. The rule of thumb is that fans should have a minimum of 7 feet and a maximum of 9 feet of clearance between the bottom of the fan blades and the floor in order to circulate the air efficiently.
Suggested Downrod Lengths for Tall Ceilings
- 9 Foot Ceiling - 12 Inch Downrod
- 10 Foot Ceiling - 18 Inch Downrod
- 11 Foot Ceiling - 24 Inch Downrod
- 12 Foot Ceiling - 36 Inch Downrod
- 13 Foot Ceiling - 48 Inch Downrod
- 14 Foot Ceiling - 60 Inch Downrod
- 15 Foot Ceiling - 72 Inch Downrod
Additional Kichler Links
- View Manufacturer Warranty
- Shop All Kichler Products
- Shop All Kichler Hatteras Bay Collection Products
Our SKU: Kichler Hatteras Bay Patio
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Kichler 310101DBK
Distressed Black
- Kichler 310101GST
Galvanized Steel
- Kichler 310101TZP
Tannery Bronze Powder Coat
- Kichler 310101WCP
Weathered Copper Powder Coat
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
Manufacturer Resources
Product Videos
Do It Yourself: Replacing or Installing a Ceiling FanBrent Holland shows you step by step how to install or replace your existing ceiling fan
Installation Resource Center
Whether you are installing the product yourself or hiring a professional, our installation Resource Center has everything you need to get your project done. Visit the Installation Resource Center to get started.


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Dahle Super Shears are made from machine-ground and hand finished steel. Blades are made of top quality steel, hardened to 56 Rockwell. Shears cut to the tip of blade for fine trimming. Screw fastened blades. Handles are made of tough ABS plastic and are virtually unbreakable.
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This checklist provides employers with a list of suggestions to assist in the development of strong sexual harassment policies.
© 2014 National Sexual Violence Resource Center – Founded by the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape
This site is supported by Grant/ Cooperative Agreement No. 1UF2CE002359-01 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


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Welcome International Customers
We're excited to share our jewelry collection with you!
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Item#: 478672
Our pretty double starfish pendant necklace features clear crystals from Swarovski for a shimmering, breathtaking effect! The two-strand chain adds to the charm. Necklace is set in rhodium-plated metal.
Ross-Simons is pleased to provide Free Shipping on this item in the US. However, no additional discounts apply.
Details Gift
Box Our 100%
Necklace Drop DROP: A dangling or stationary detail which "drops" from a bale, strand or earring backing. Length:
7/8 inch
Necklace Drop Width:
7/8 inch
Base Metal BASE METAL: refers to any abundant metal used in jewelry that is typically plated or alloyed. Base Metals are also used to strengthen or color precious metals. Some base metals include copper, iron, nickel, tin and aluminum.
Polished POLISHED: A buffed-out finish used to produce a mirror-like shine.
Cable CABLE: One of the most popular and classic of chain styles, created from interlocking oval links unvarying in size.
Chain Size:
1.5 mm
Lobster LOBSTER CLASP: named after the pinching style of the hook, this clasp is often shaped like a lobster's claw. Use your finger to work the lever to open the clasp.
Fixed FIXED: A bale that is worked into the actual design of a pendant. Typically seen in slide pendants.
Chain Included:
Stone 1:
Swarovski Crystal CRYSTAL: Though traditionally the term "crystal" was given to glass with a 24% lead content, today it is used in a more general sense to describe transparent and highly refractive glass formed with silica, oxide, or other additives. Crystal is used in serveware, barware, home accents, and jewelry. (Color: Colorless)
All weights and measures are approximate.
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Swarovski Crystal "Holly" Crystal Starfish Earrings
Price: $70.00
Learn More About: Swarovski Crystal Base Metal Earring Buying Guide Polished Finish Cable Chain Lobster Clasp Fixed Bale Crystal


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Unit details
HSH210 - Social Diversity and Health
|2015 unit information
|Enrolment modes:
Trimester 1: Burwood (Melbourne), CBD*
|Credit point(s):
|EFTSL value:
|Unit chair:
Annemarie Nevill
|Contact hours:
3 hours - 1 x 1 hour class, 1 x 2 hour seminar per week
*CBD refers to Institute of Koorie Education – Community Based Delivery
This unit focuses on the health concerns and experiences of people positioned within various sociocultural categories such as indigeneity, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and disability. Theories of difference within and between social categories will be considered in order to understand individual health and wellbeing, the role of schools and health/community organisations, and society as a whole, and the implications for health promotion.
Assessment task 1: Self-reflection (1000 words) 20%
Assessment task 2: Group presentation and report (1000 words) 35%
Assessment task 3: Essay (2000 words) 45%
Unit Fee Information
|Student Contribution Rate*
|Student Contribution Rate**
|Fee rate - Domestic Students
|Fee rate - International students
* Rate for all CSP students, except for those who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
** Rate for CSP students who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
Please note: Unit fees listed do not apply to Deakin Prime students.


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Select hard maple, metal edges on both sides. 1 3/8 in. wide. Scaled in 16ths.
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Sometimes low-tech is the way to go. This simple, classic wooden ruler cannot be improved upon. I really like how both sides are metal and it has both metric and that other measuring system.
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Home > Health & Wellness > Health Library > HealthWise Document Viewer
View More
Call First Nurse 24 Hours a Day for free health care advice, resources and referrals!
Ames: 515-239-6877In Iowa: 800-524-6877
Search health information online in our Mulimedia Health Library.
Use our interactive symptom checker to evaluate your symptoms and determine appropriate action or treatment.
Patient Privacy |
Net Learning for Employees |
MGMC PACS for Physicians
Emergency Preparedness
1111 Duff Avenue Ames, IA 50010 - 515-239-2011 - firstname.lastname@example.com
©2014 Mary Greeley Medical Center - All rights reserved.


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American Pickers Junk Pile Womens T-Shirt - Grey
Sale Price: $26.95
To Order by Phone Call 1-800-933-6249
- Additional Details
- Color: Black
- Fit: Slim Fit. We recommend ordering 1-2 sizes up.
- Gender: Women's
- Made Of: 100% Cotton
- Size_Chart:
Doubling the Bust measurement will give the chest size.
S M L XL Bust 15" 16" 17" 18" Waist 14" 15" 16" 17" Length 24" 25" 26" 27"
This item is exclusive to the History Channel Store.
This isnt your grandmothers antiquing. Pickers like Mike Wolfe and Frank Fritz are on a mission to recycle America, even if it means diving into countless piles of grimy junk or getting chased off a gun-wielding homeowner's land. Show your support for the American Pickers with this exclusive Womens Junk Pile T-Shirt!


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Ruby's Inn - RV Park & Campground Near Bryce Canyon
Book now for 2015!
RV Park & Campground is open April 1 to October 30
Best sites go first, so make your reservations now!
Cabins and Tipi's at Ruby's Inn Campground*
Staying at the Campground and RV Park at Ruby's Inn is a great opportunity for visitors to stay in a forest setting near Bryce Canyon National Park (1/2 mile). Bring your own RV or camper, stay in an authentic Indian Tipi, or rent a cozy cabin. Each cabin contains two double bed sized mattresses in a bunk-bed layout. The cabins also include log furniture table and benches, electric lighting and outlets, and will easily accommodate four people. Bedding not furnished. Our tipi's come in two different sizes. Both sizes are spacious and will accommodate up to 6 or 8 individuals respectively. The tipi's are located amidst the ponderosa pines for the feeling of the rugged outdoors.
Ruby's Inn Campground Store and Laundry
The campground and RV park has a separate store from the main store at Ruby's Inn. There is also a laundromat available to guests of the campground. If you can't find something you need at the campground store, visit the general store at Ruby's Inn.
The campground is the closest lodging on the Ruby's Inn property to Bryce Canyon National Park. Visitors to the park should consider taking the Bryce Canyon National Park shuttle. The shuttle is available in the park for visitors to ride and allows you to relax and enjoy the sights without having to focus on driving.
RV Park and Campground at Ruby's Inn*
Our AAA-approved campground features over 240 shaded campsites including full hookups with electricity and water, free wireless internet, large pull-thru's to accommodate modern RV's, shaded tent sites, and large group sites nestled beneath the pines. Rest rooms with shower units are included in the nightly rate and are located near the site.
The pool, rest room, shower, and water facilities are located close to the cabins. Ruby's Inn Campground offers the newest facilities available.
Please call for special rates on Group Tent Camping and RV Caravans.
Call us toll free: 1-866-878-9373. RV Park and Campground is Open April 1 to October 30.
New at Ruby's Inn is Ebenezer's Barn and Grill,
come check us out. click here
Ruby's Inn Best Western, located just minutes from the park entrance of Bryce Canyon, offers a wide array of lodging accommodation and meeting facilities. Family Reunions, corporate retreats and overnight youth group activities can be fun and exciting when held near Bryce Canyon National Park.
Along with the 370 comfortable rooms available in this charming and rustic lodge, the Bryce Canyon Campground at Ruby's Inn also offers sleeping arrangements for the more adventurous. Our campground is in close proximity to Ruby's Inn with two restaurants, conference facilities, and the largest shopping opportunities in the region. Our stores make groceries, gifts, and camping supplies easily accessible to all visitor's in the Bryce Canyon region.
Make a Summer reservation Click Here
* All of lodging and camping facilities at Ruby's Inn are AAA approved.


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Jacques Rivette (born March 1, 1928) is a French film director.
With Jean-Luc Godard, Jacques Rivette is considered to be the most experimental of the French New Wave directors. Like Godard, he had a background in film criticism, but he also loved popular American cinema, especially genre directors such as Robert Aldrich and Frank Tashlin.
Rivette's stories progress in unconventional ways - often following multiple plot lines that can be romantic, mysterious, and comic all at once and employing extensive improvisation. As a result, his films are often extremely long ( the infamous Out 1 clocked in at 13 hrs, although a 4 1/2 hour cut was later produced.) and many of them are rarely seen.
Courtesy of: http://www.wikipedia.org/


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mouse over photo to zoom click for larger image
Cowl Neck Poncho Sweater
Combines the relaxed feel of a poncho with classic cabling, a cowl neckline and refined details. Soft and exceptionally cozy, in yarn warmed with wool.
- Split cowl neck closes with a rhodium-finished snap set on grosgrain ribbon.
- Defined armhole. V-point hem.
- 60% Modal, 20% Cotton, 15% nylon, 5% Wool. Machine wash. Imported.
- Tunic length (31" from shoulder).
We're so sorry: this item sold out sooner than expected. For an equally stylish substitute, please call our Style Experts at 1.877.948.2525. Or click on Live Help below for immediate assistance.


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Metal Nonstick 24c Mini Muffin Pan 1 1
Love the non stick mini muffin pan! Great size, great value, the pan fit in my wall oven and the non stick feature was perfect. The first time, it was used for drop cookies instead of mini muffins and I had consistent sized cookies. First time to purchase on-line and was very satisfied with the spend and condition of delivery. Great way to purchase WM products. November 2, 2013
1-1 of 1


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Save more for sightseeing and enjoy breakfast for just $1 at Hotel Pennsylvania. Kick start your morning at The Statler restaurant located off our lobby. Choose from an assortment of fresh baked goods including croissants, bagels and muffins. Enjoy our offerings of seasonal fruit as well as coffee, tea, fresh squeezed orange juice or grapefruit juice.
With this package we are offering a discount on longer stays so you can enjoy even more value:
• Book 3 nights to receive 20% off our best available rate plus breakfast for $1
*Offer includes breakfast coupons for 2 people each day and is subject to availability at time of booking. This offer cannot be combined with any other offer or promotion. This offer does not apply to groups or contracted rates. Blackout dates may apply.


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Since its founding in 1889, Dunlop Tires has been ahead of its time in producing superior quality tires and providing a better experience for drivers and passengers alike.
With a heritage of designing ultra high-performance tires for motorsports, Dunlop Tires has found a way to incorporate the same precision design and cutting-edge technology into the creation of excellent tires for the everyday driver.
Dunlop Tires continues to put this same level of care and craftsmanship into all of its passenger car, truck, and SUV tires. As unprecedented new designs are continually introduced, Dunlop Tires is positioned for even more growth and success in the future.
Tell us what you drive, and we'll show you what fits!
Select the size you wish to search.
(Base Performance, Cars and Minivans, High Performance, Maximum Performance, Touring, Winter)
(All Terrain, High Performance, Mud Traction, Sport Truck, Traditional, Winter)
--dtc305--SM001 Known in Oregon & Parts of California as America's Tire


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WASHINGTON - It is not even up yet, but people are talking about the holiday display outside the courthouse in downtown Leesburg.
The Loudoun County Board of Supervisors decided this year's county-sponsored holiday display will include a crèche, menorah, Christmas tree, Santa and his sleigh and an area for the group called American Atheists.
The display will cost taxpayer's $3,400.
Residents have mixed reactions about the display, some saying that it should be outside a house of worship, while others think the scene fosters a sense of community.
In the past few years, Loudoun County has received numerous complaints about religious displays during the holidays. The Board of Supervisors instituted an application process to place a limit of nine displays in the area.
Last year, a skeleton dressed as a Santa Claus hanging from a crucifix was one of the first displays outside the courthouse. The skeleton prompted outrage and was defaced before a woman took it down.
"This is the most disgusting and reprehensible thing that any of these groups has done on the courthouse lawn," Leesburg councilman and supervisor-elect Ken Reid said at the time.
Besides holiday displays, the town has struggled with what to call its seasonal parade. Last October, the Leesburg Town Council voted to change the name of the parade from "Holiday Parade" to "Christmas and Holiday Parade."
The person who requested the name change also requested the council change the name of the "Holiday Tree Lighting" event to "Christmas Tree and Menorah Lighting."
WTOP's Neal Augenstein contributed to this report. Follow Neal Augenstein and WTOP on Twitter.
(Copyright 2012 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)


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London Hyderabad British Midland
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permission. All rights reserved. Made by MLS Digital


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Page 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 950 Results
Panel Discussions - November 28, 2013
Energy and Security in the Arctic: A New "Frozen" Conflict?
Is the Arctic a "region of cooperation," or will competition for its potentially rich energy resources lead to conflict in the high north? This was the main question addressed during an expert workshop held in The Hague on November 28th by the International Peace Institute together with the International Gas Union and the Clingendael International Energy Programme.
Meeting Notes - November 27, 2013
A Dangerous Nexus: Crime, Conflict, and Terrorism in Failing States
When the United Nations was established after the Second World War, organized crime and terrorism had almost nothing to do with international peace and security. Yet the collapse of Communism, the opening of illicit markets through globalization, and the proliferation of underdeveloped and weakly governed states has given rise to a new era of global crime as well as transnational terrorism.
Panel Discussions - November 26, 2013
Addressing the Crisis in Central African Republic
How to prevent catastrophe in the Central African Republic (CAR) was the topic of an event at the International Peace Institute on November 26th. Ten months after a military coup brought the current transitional government to power, the Central African Republic is wracked by massive human rights violations, sectarian violence, attacks on civilians, and reprisals by self-defense groups.
Panel Discussions - November 22, 2013
Can Technology Play a Role in Drafting a Constitution?
The effects that new technologies can have on constitutional processes was the topic of this November 22nd IPI roundtable discussion. Approximately five new constitutions are written around the world every year, and their legitimacy is increasingly influenced by a new level of public participation in their drafting, not merely by a plebiscite on the final text. As rapidly advancing technology changes the way that governments and citizens interact, what role are new technologies playing in constitutions?
Speaker Events - November 19, 2013
Haqqani: Pakistanis Need Honest Debate About Their Country
"We Pakistanis need an honest debate inside our country about what is Pakistan's national interest. We never have it," said Hussain Haqqani, a former Pakistani diplomat and journalist, who was at IPI on November 19th to give a presentation on his latest book, Magnificent Delusions: Pakistan, the United States, and an Epic History of Misunderstanding.
IPI in the News - November 13, 2013
IPI's Arthur Boutellis Discusses the Demise of M23 in the DRC and the UN's Intervention Brigade [VOA News]
Speaker Events - November 13, 2013
From Mud Floor to Middle Class: Doug Saunders Discusses the Rise of Urbanites
On November 13, Canadian-British author and journalist Doug Saunders spoke at IPI's Vienna Office about the challenges of sustainable urbanization. Drawing on observations made in his book Arrival City (2011), Saunders—an international affairs columnist with the Globe and Mail and five-time winner of the Canadian National Newspaper Award—pointed out that 25 million people become urbanites every week.
Policy Papers - November 08, 2013
Police in UN Peacekeeping: Improving Selection, Recruitment, and Deployment
In the past two decades, United Nations police have become an increasingly visible and important part of UN peacekeeping. As their roles have evolved from observing and reporting to training, reforming, operating alongside, and occasionally standing in for local police, the number of police required has also increased.
Speaker Events - November 07, 2013
Lazzarini: A New Deal for Somalia?
On November 7th, the International Peace Institute hosted Philippe Lazzarini, UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia, to discuss whether its "New Deal Compact" could break the cycle of crises in Somalia.
Panel Discussions - November 04, 2013
Assembling a Crime-fighting Toolbox for Peace Operations
On November 4-5, IPI, together with the Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF), organized an expert seminar in Berlin to improve the capacity of peace operations to respond to the threat posed by organized crime.
The Global Observatory
Year in Review: Top 10 Peace and Security Reads
The International Peace Institute and its Global Observatory offered research and analysis on a range of topics in peace and security in 2014.
Key Global Events to Watch in December
A list of key upcoming meetings and events with implications for global affairs.
2014 Top 10 Issues to Watch in Peace & Security: The Global Arena
A list of ten key issues to watch that are likely to impact international peace and security in 2014, compiled by IPI's Francesco Mancini.
The Global Observatory, produced by IPI, provides timely analysis on peace and security issues, interviews with leading policymakers, interactive maps, and more.
Latest News
September 25, 2014
IPI Remembers Margaret Vogt
August 25, 2014
New IPI Documentary Film on Past and Future of International Affairs
July 31, 2014
IPI's Hoge Al Jazeera Interview on Gaza, the UN and Press Coverage


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Return to Form: A Modern Paris Apartment
A Danish designer revives a forgotten Paris gem of the 19th century, using his modernist magic to create a fresh vision of urban glamour
By Michael Lassell
Living Room
Although this elegantly updated 1860s apartment in the 7th arrondissement of Paris appears to have survived its long use entirely unscathed, when designer Klavs Rosenfalck first saw it, in 2008, the years had indeed left telltale signs, both in wear and aesthetic upgrades. Being unoccupied since 1963 hadnt helped its condition, either, although disuse had protected the original architecture.
In the living room of a Paris apartment designed by Klavs Rosenfalck, the Vladimir Kagan sofa is vintage, the gilt console is attributed to Jacques Adnet, the Murano-glass chandelier is by Aristide Najean, and the silk rug is of Rosenfalcks own design; the bottle-green columnar sculpture is by Jean-Claude Farhi, and the mask stool is by Philippe Starck.


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Saint Honore Jeans
mouse over photo to zoom click for larger image
Saint Honore Crop Jean
Online Exclusive!
Dark indigo jeans with contrasting camel stitching are destined to become a favorite. With a rolled, cropped leg and minimal embellishment, they're slightly understated and ultimately versatile.
- Our universal fit. Eased through the hip and thigh, sits just below the waist. Formerly our Blanc fit.
- Cropped leg.
- Dark wash.
- Crystal rivets at points of wear. Shank button and zip fly; belt loops.
- Gleaming silvertone logo bar at coin pocket.
- 73% Cotton, 14% Rayon, 11% Polyester, 2% Spandex. Machine wash. Imported.
- 24" inseam.
We're so sorry: this item sold out sooner than expected. For an equally stylish substitute, please call our Style Experts at 1.877.948.2525. Or click on Live Help below for immediate assistance.


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'The Hunger Games:' What you need to know
Published On: Mar 20 2012 09:38:12 AM CDTSorry, Flash is not supported.
Updated On: Nov 22 2013 09:01:29 AM CST
Updated On: Nov 22 2013 09:01:29 AM CST
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Hybrid cars
Published On: Jun 24 2011 11:27:40 AM EDTSorry, Flash is not supported.
Updated On: Feb 29 2012 11:18:18 AM EST
Updated On: Feb 29 2012 11:18:18 AM EST
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


text: Grave health hazards are linked to asbestos which may be in homes built up to 1990. Health hazards may result from exposure to lead-based paints in older materials and copper chromium arsenic (CCA) treated timber. For information on the dangers of asbestos, lead-based paint and CCA treated timber and tips for dealing with these materials contact your local council's Environmental Health Officer, visit our Health & Safety page. You can also use a simple test kit from Bunnings to indicate the presence of lead–based paint.


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We are proud to provide reliable security for your entire home at the most affordable rate in the industry, simple as that. We believe in protecting you, your home, and your family with trusted, easy-to-use 24/7 home security monitoring.
Protect all the windows, doors, and areas of your home - that's how effective security works. Protect America provides all the help, equipment, and resources you need to easily protect your home.
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With the touch of a button, you become the master of your home by controlling your alarm, locks, lights, appliances and more from the ease of your smartphone.
Our Z-Wave technology transforms your house into something more - a smart house. While some other companies charge up to $20 more per month, we provide our home automation and interactive services free with your broadband or cellular monitored home.Learn more
Home security is not just about being able to protect your home; it's about being able to protect your entire life. Our systems easily add fire and smoke protection, carbon monoxide detectors, medical panic alerts, and more. We make it easy to customize and fit your alarm system to your home and family's needs.Learn more
* Standard home security alarm monitoring agreement required with approved credit. Offer subject to change. Void where prohibited. Offer Expires: 12/31/2014
* Information used for home security alarm system comparisons was obtained November 2011 through telephone and online research. ADT prices: based on total out-of-pocket expense to obtain services; installation based on fees for similar home security equipment packages; "Monitoring" price listed includes the additional "warranty" or "extended service plan".
We provide security in all 50 states. Click here for licensing information
The BEST BUY SEAL is a registered trademark of Consumers Digest Communications, LLC, used under license.
© 1992 – 2014 Protect America, Inc. All rights reserved


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Sunday, December 28, 2014
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Everyone seems to agree that democrat Dan Maffei won his election Tuesday, recapturing a seat in Congress that he lost two years ago. But republican Congresswoman Ann Marie Buerkle, running more than 14,500 votes behind, has yet to formally give up. YNN's Bill Carey reports on the holdup in a concession.
SYRACUSE, N.Y. -- After months of campaign battles, it is a moment of redemption. The votes are counted. A winner declared and the loser accepts his or her fate.
"I so wish that I had been able to fulfill your hopes to lead the country in a different direction. But the nation chose another leader and Ann and I join with you to earnestly pray for him and for this great nation," said presidential candidate Mitt Romney.
With the exception of 2000, it is a tradition that has continued over the decades. A gracious concession that begins to heal divisions created by the long, heated campaign.
But while smooth concessions may be the rule at the national level, close races for Congress have produced a quite different atmosphere. Days and sometimes weeks of tension after the votes are cast.
Two years ago, democrat Dan Maffei appeared to have lost his seat to republican Ann Marie Buerkle, but insisted on a lengthy counting process, refusing to give up.
"It's time for Dan Maffei to do the honorable thing and concede this race," Onondaga County Republican Chairman Thomas Dadey said in 2010.
Maffei did end up losing. But two years later, the situation has changed. Dan Maffei won back his seat in Congress. This time, it's Ann Marie Buerkle delaying on a concession.
Election night, Buerkle told supporters she was hoping for more vote reports from republican strongholds in her new district to change the outcome.
"God Bless the United States of America and I will be back in a little bit. Thank you so much," Representative Ann Marie Buerkle said on Election night.
But the trend never changed and she never returned.
"It's clear that I'm going to be the next Congressman in January and we're going to start doing the work that we need to do to prepare for that. It's up to her whether she wants to do a formal concession or not," Maffei said.
The republican chairman, so adamant about Maffei's duty two years ago? Not so strident this year.
Dadey said, "It's tough when you lose. I was a candidate and lost many years back and it's no fun to be in that position."
Keep in mind, a concession has no legal impact. It is just a speech.
"Even if they conceded, our certification is what matters. So if somebody conceded and they ended up getting more votes, they still win," Onondaga County Elections Commissioner Helen Kiggins Walsh said.
And whether the candidate insists on it, or not, elections officials say all those paper ballots will be checked before any final results are certified, anyway.
Kiggins Walsh said, " Every vote will be counted. It doesn't matter if someone was unopposed. Every vote's counted."
Whether there is a concession, or not, elections officials will begin counting absentee and affidavit ballots next week.
Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.
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<ac:macro ac:name="unmigrated-inline-wiki-markup"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
<ac:macro ac:name="unmigrated-inline-wiki-markup"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
Zend_Layout is a composite component that joins the Controller, View and ViewRenderer together to implement a two-step-view pattern for solving the problem of "consistent look and feel".
Zend Framework: Zend_Layout Component Proposal
Proposed Component Name
Developer Notes
Ralph Schindler
Matthew Weier O'Phinney
1.0 - 5 July 2007: Updated from community comments.
1.1 - 10 Aug 2007: Took out of construction and placed under review
1.2 - 30 Aug 2007: Updated proposal with new class skeletons
1.3 - 21 Sep 2007: Updated with layout view helper and Zend_View_Inflection
1.4 - 27 Sep 2007: Updated with layout variable placeholder implementation (wiki revision: 10)
Table of Contents
1. Overview
2. References
3. Component Requirements, Constraints, and Acceptance Criteria
Must have a simple API for specifying items to use in the  section In discussion with Ralph, we've decided that view variables and the collection helper are the proper solution for this.
<ac:macro ac:name="unmigrated-inline-wiki-markup"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
Zend_Layout is a composite component that joins the Controller, View and ViewRenderer together to implement a two-step-view pattern for solving the problem of "consistent look and feel".
Zend_Layout is a composite component that joins the Controller, View and ViewRenderer together to implement a two-step-view pattern for solving the problem of "consistent look and feel".
4. Dependencies on Other Framework Components
- Zend_Exception
- Zend_View_Interface
- Zend_View_Helper_Placeholder (potentially; for variable storage and retrieval)
- Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer (will likely push inflection into a new class, and ViewRenderer and Zend_Layout will utilize that)
- Zend_Controller_Plugin_Broker (optional)
- Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_Abstract (optional)
- Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer (optional; for shared view object)
- Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker (optional)
5. Theory of Operation
Zend_Layout attempts to solve a problem that, since rearing its ugly head over and over, has gone by many names: Composite Views, Layouts, Templates, Partial Views, and/or Complex Views. They all basically attempt to describe a common problem - that of being able to maintain a consistent look and feel throughout a site or web application while maintaining the "Don't Repeat Yourself" principals.
Zend_Layout addresses the problem with a common pattern, the two-step-view pattern (http://www.martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/twoStepView.html). The Two Step View pattern breaks the process up into two distinct stages. The primary stage allows the user requested action as well as layout requested actions to dispatch and execute their respective views saving them to the controllers response object. The second stage of the process takes the already dispatched actions responses and directs them to the layout where final placement of content is made (in a Layout specific view) before being sent back to the user.
Zend_Layout requires no changes to the existing codebase to accomplish its job. To maintain control over the dispatch process, Zend_Layout attaches a controller plugin - this is the essense of the Two-Step-View and a common way to implement the 2SV as we have seen already. Zend_Layout also registers its own action helper, so that the developer can directly interact with Zend_Layout from within their actions. Depending on the state of the layout subsystem (defined by either the config file, bootstrap declarations, or interactions with the action helper), Zend_Layout will engage and act as directed by the developer by either dispatching a 2SV layout, or simply not engaging at all (if so desired).
A major benefit the Two-Step-View implementation is that user requested (and layout requested) action controllers and views can inject dependencies into the final layout. For example, if the user has requested a url that would generate a form, the form view can request that the section of the overall layout include a specific form.js file, or even a form.css file be linked in the head section.
Finally, Zend_Layout can be used with the MVC, if so desired. If used in this way, it simply acts as a wrapper on Zend_View, allowing the developer to inject layout-specific variables.
6. Milestones / Tasks
- Milestone 1: [DONE] design notes will be published here
- Milestone 2: [DONE] Working prototype @ http://svn.ralphschindler.com/repo/ZendFramework/Zend_Layout/
- Milestone 3: [DONE] Working prototype checked into the incubator supporting use cases
- Milestone 4: [DONE] Unit tests exist, work, and are checked into SVN.
- Milestone 5: Initial documentation exists.
If a milestone is already done, begin the description with "[DONE]", like this:
- Milestone #: [DONE] Unit tests ...
7. Class Index
- Zend_Layout
- Zend_Layout_Action_Helper_Layout
- Zend_Layout_Controller_Plugin
- Zend_Layout_Exception
- Zend_View_Helper_Layout
- Zend_View_Inflection (Used by both ViewRenderer and Zend_Layout for mapping script names to actual scripts)
8. Use Cases
Action controller accessing layout
View accessing layout
Layout script
9. Class Skeletons
Jul 06, 2007

I think it shoud be developed as front controller plugin.

Jul 08, 2007

Works great so far <ac:emoticon ac:name="wink" />

Jul 10, 2007

Zend_Layout solves a problem for me for a couple projects. It gives me some insight into how I can inject a segment of HTML based on an action into a template. I'm working on an XSLT based template plug-in for ZF, and this will help figure it all out.

Also, for work, I can use this to directly solve a similar problem. I've written a framework that I want to adapt to the ZF. A 2-step layout is required, this solves it.

The only problem I ran into was needing to register the Zend_Layout_ControllerPlugin_LayoutProcessor class as a plugin directly into my front controller. Took awhile to figure it, but it works like a charm now.

I'm hoping that Zend_Layout makes it into ZF v1.1! Thanks for working on this Ralph.

Jul 24, 2007

I found it here (thanks Paddy):

http://svn.ralphschindler.com/repo/ZendFramework/Zend_Layout/library/

Aug 07, 2007

Please provide use cases detailing a layout view script, as well as indicate how content is assigned to the layout script.

Aug 31, 2007

<title><?php echo $this->title; ?>

<?php echo $this->SomeSubRequest; ?>

<?php echo $this->content; ?>

Additionally you can find a full project at http://layout.chanterelle.ca/layout.tar.gz

Aug 31, 2007

I should have mentioned, the VR produced output is always captured and passed to $this->content unless otherwise disabled.

Aug 31, 2007

Will the final version include a setConfig() feature?

Something along the lines of:

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[

<staging extends="production">
Sep 03, 2007

There will be the ability to specify a config object to the constructor, as well as via a setConfig() method. However, there are no plans currently to have support to switch layouts per-module/controller/or action; that would be a task for your own plugin.

Additionally, we will be creating an "Inflector" that will be utilized by both the ViewRenderer and Zend_Layout for such things as setting view suffixes, path layouts, etc.

Sep 03, 2007

"However, there are no plans currently to have support to switch layouts per-module/controller/or action; that would be a task for your own plugin."

I presume you mean from the Config... the prototypes for layout have setLayoutName and setLayoutFile which can be called from a lot of different contexts, including a controller init and an action. Passing the special value of boolean false to setLayoutName will disable the layout entirely. Passing null resets the layout to the default that was configured with setDefaultLayout during setup.

The ability to switch layouts from code is important to keep, as without it, it would be a major pain to create file passthru's, or handle common front-page+content page differing layouts.

Dec 11, 2007

Yes, I mean from the config.

As it stands in the current incarnation, you can do any of the following:

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
$layout->disableLayout(); // disables rendering layout
$layout->setLayout(...); // switch to a different layout

setLayout() is very specific: it only sets the layout script; it cannot be used to disable it. Also, we do not have a concept of a default layout; you set the layout script, plain and simple, and the default value is used only if no value has been set.

There are also action and view helpers that allow you to access the layout object in order to perform tasks such as the above.

Sep 27, 2007

Possibly a minor correction to use case UC-01:

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
// SET DEFAULT LAYOUT - this will set "APPLICATION_PATH/user/layouts/scripts/sub-path.phtml"
// (layouts/scripts) assumes that you are using a view object of type Zend_View.

Looks like the default layout should instead be:

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
// SET DEFAULT LAYOUT - this will set "APPLICATION_PATH/user/layouts/scripts/sub-page.phtml"
Sep 27, 2007

Probably a naive question, but how does a user override the name of the "scripts" directory?

E.g., if I wanted:

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[

instead of the default:

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
Sep 27, 2007
Sep 27, 2007

There seems to be a lot more functionality than is illustrated by the use cases section. The one use case that exists appears to need some more illustration of what exactly is happening.

E.g., what exactly does the following mean?

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
public function jpegAction()Unknown macro: { $this->_helper->layout->disableLayout(); // optionally $this->_helper->layout->setLayout(false); }

Is disableLayout() an alternative for setLayout(false), or are they optionally used in [sequential] combination?

I think some more use cases that cover more of the available functionality would be helpful.

Sep 27, 2007

I've removed the setLayout(false) option; you're right, that was confusing.

I've also added some text to the setLayout() function indicating that it implicitly enables layouts.

I've added a use case showing a layout script, and will add more use cases later.

Sep 27, 2007

Some other minor issues to address:

Docblock for setLayout() should have "@param string|boolean $name" if it indeed provides layout disabling behavior by accepting a value of false for $name.

What does getLayout() return when layouts are disabled?

Why is there no enableLayout() method, or explain that setLayout() performs this task.

Explain more about layout variable prefixes... what is the default layout variable prefix, if any? Is the default prefix (if any) configurable?

Why not support isset() and unset() for layout variables?

The assign() docblock is unclear - how to use this method when the first param is an array?

DocBlock for render() indicates that there is a script path stack, but this component seems to support only a single script path, not a stack thereof. Please explain.

I suggest using string|array|Zend_Config and similar instead of mixed for the docblocks of Zend_Layout::__construct() et al, where the various types may be enumerated.

Action helper:

We could stand to DRY up the code a bit:
<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
public function getLayout()
public function setLayoutName($name)Unknown macro: { $this->getLayout()->setLayout($name); }
public function direct($name)Unknown macro: { return $this->setLayoutName($name); }

View Helper:

Does not declare the $_layout property.

No need for two if statements in the getLayout() method; combine conditions using &&.

getLayout(): what happens if $this->_front->hasPlugin($this->pluginClass) is false?

We should see some use cases to illustrate how to work with this.

Sep 27, 2007

Updated setLayout() docblock; no longer can disable using that

getLayout() will return false if layouts are disabled

documented that setLayout() enables layouts

layout variable prefixes will no longer be used; you will pull variables from the layout object instead.

assign() docblock updated. If first param is an assoc array, it assigns each element as a layout variable

render() will actually use the view object's script path stack, but assign the layout script path, if any, prior to attempting to render the layout script. Hence the language referring to the stack. <ac:emoticon ac:name="smile" />

I'll update the docblocks to use alternatives instead of mixed

Action helper:

Good idea – I'll implement that when accepted

View helper:

Will declare $_layout property in final version

Will combine conditions

if hasPlugin() is false, it will throw an exception.

I'll post use cases shortly.

Sep 27, 2007

It would be cool to see a use case that shows how to implement the Two-Step-View for providing differently marked-up views (e.g., HTML and XML) of the same model data.

Sep 27, 2007

When using layouts with Zend_Layout, Zend_View_Abstract::render() will always return the view script wrapped in the layout. This is of course desirable for the primary call to render() but if the view script then renders others within itself, e.g. <?php echo $this->render('book.phtml'); ?>, then the output of that nested call to render() will also be wrapped in the layout, which will often not be what you want.

It would be useful for there to be a means to prevent the layout re-rendering within the view script for cases like this, perhaps on a per-render() basis.

Sep 27, 2007

Zend_Layout assumes that the applications have rendered their own view scripts, and is simply taking the rendered content and injecting it into the layout; there will likely not be any instances where this will be an issue.

Sep 28, 2007
<ac:macro ac:name="note"><ac:parameter ac:name="title">Zend Comments</ac:parameter><ac:rich-text-body>

This proposal is approved for immediate inclusion in the incubator, with the following requirements:

Please provide additional use cases showing usage of the inflector

Please DRY up the action helper code (direct()/setLayoutName() methods, specifically)

Do not have setLayout(false) disable layouts; stick to disableLayout() only

Use placeholder helper container for storing layout variables, not variable prefixes

Oct 17, 2007

Could it perhaps be of any use to be able to specify the content-type and encoding of the output and as such having a special header sent out?

What I'm thinking about is having this as a header:

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />

Which would be something like:

$this->getResponse()->setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=iso-8859-1');

As far as I know an header is to be preferred over a meta-tag and it would be nice to easily be able to send the correct headers for the layout.

Dec 11, 2007

This would be a better task for the doctype() view helper. <ac:emoticon ac:name="smile" />

Nov 05, 2007

What would be the Zend_Layout equivalant for Xend_Layout "subrequests"?

Nov 05, 2007

We've separated out the subrequests into a separate action helper, as they could be useful with or without Zend_Layout. In the incubator, you'll want to look at Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ActionStack and Zend_Controller_Plugin_ActionStack; the former allows you to add actions to the stack, the latter processes them during postDispatch().

Nov 14, 2007

Hi,

I suggest to implement in the constructor the possibility to define the layout suffix (tpl, php, ...)?

Good Work <ac:emoticon ac:name="smile" />

Dec 11, 2007

Good comment. I've made a note of it, and will open an issue for it in the coming days. This feature will likely be in the released version.

Nov 30, 2007

I noticed that controller plugin in the incubator renders the layout script on postDispatch, while the class skeleton listed here has it rendering the layout script on dispatchLoopShutdown. What's the advantage to rendering on postDispatch?

Dec 10, 2007

Maybe I'm just not understanding Zend_Layout, but can someone explain how to use it in a modular directory layout? My directories are set up like:

 application

Is there any way to set up Zend_Layout to either have one default layout for all modules, or default layouts per module?

Dec 11, 2007

Yes, and pretty easily as well.

First off, Zend_Layout has 'layout.phtml' as its default layout. It also allows you to specify a layout path. If used, it will look for layouts in this path first, before descending into any other view script paths. As an example usage:

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
Zend_Layout::startMvc(array('layoutPath' => 'path/to/layouts/'));

If you want to choose a different layout, you can do so either in view scripts or action helpers:

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
// calling an action helper within an action controller:
// calling via a view script:
<?php $this->layout()->setLayout('alternate'); ?>

When using with the MVC, you can also access the layout object using getMvcInstance():

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[

This latter notation could be used in a plugin, for instance, to switch the layout used based on the current module.

Dec 12, 2007

Oh, I see. Is there any way to set different default layouts per module?

Dec 12, 2007

There are no plans to have this functionality integrated in the core component; you'll need to do it yourself.

As mentioned above, there is already an accessor for changing the layout; you simply need to call setLayout() with a layout script name.

Write a plugin that checks for the current module, and sets the layout based on that using the setLayout() method.

Dec 10, 2007

Is there an example a little more detailed?

I am trying to use the example here, and I am not having success.

Dec 11, 2007

Zend_Layout is now in core, with complete documentation. Please pull from current svn trunk, and read the documentation located under documentation/manuals/en/module_specs/ for examples and uses cases.

Jan 28, 2008

i didn't think the MVC part is well designed for now.

Why did i need to get an instance of Zend_Layout in the MVC by my self, it looks terrible, why did i need to "flag" the Zend_Layout as MVC?

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:default-parameter>php</ac:default-parameter><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
$layout = new Zend_Layout("",true);
$front = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();

i think the right way would be this way:

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:default-parameter>php</ac:default-parameter><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
$front = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()
->registerPlugin(new Zend_Layout_Controller_Plugin_Layout($path));

in this situation it is completlly clear that the Zend_Layout is using in an MVC envierment. Internal Zend_Layout_Controller_Plugin_Layout should check if $_layout is empty and create the Zend_Layout with Default configuration. If i need to change something there should be somethink wellknown like

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:default-parameter>php</ac:default-parameter><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
$layout = Zend_Layout::getInstance();
Jan 28, 2008

With a component like this, there are many "right ways" to do it. Your opinion is as valid as those of the many who helped develop this one. However, it does not mean we will change anything; the time to raise such issues was during the proposal phase.

Zend_Layout could not be a singleton. Many developers expressed an interest to use Zend_Layout without the MVC and/or use multiple layout scripts. A singeleton would not answer that issue, yet we needed access to a single instance at a time so that each of the action helper, plugin, and view helper could have access to the same Zend_Layout object. Additionally, we decided that it made most sense to keep most of the Layout components under the same tree so that people knew where to look for them, instead of needing to hunt in a variety of trees. As a result, the Zend_Layout class needs to register additional helper paths with some objects.

To keep access as simple as possible, we chose to have this access through the Zend_Layout class itself, and hence the 'startMvc' and 'getMvcInstance()' methods were born. These are substantially easier to type and remember than Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->getParam('Zend_Layout') or Zend_Registry::get('Zend_Layout') (which was another possibility we considered). Additionally, startMvc() ensures that the all the appropriate coupling points are engaged, without needing to go and manually register plugins and helper paths.

We try very hard in ZF not to instantiate things behind the scenes, particularly when they interact with existing components such as the MVC. In this instance, we have a number of things to consider: where should the layout object look for layout scripts, and should Zend_Controller have any awareness of it? Requiring an explicit registration of the object seemed like the safest solution to ensure both forward and backward compatability.

BTW, Currently, the layout action helper will create a new Zend_Layout object if the MVC instances is not found. It does not, however, create an instance for use with the MVC, as the user has not indicated that they want the plugin enabled.

Finally, if you don't like how Zend_Layout works, you're free to subclass it to get the syntax you desire.

Jan 29, 2008

BTW, Currently, the layout action helper will create a new Zend_Layout object if the MVC instances is not found. It does not, however, create an instance for use with the MVC, as the user has not indicated that they want the plugin enabled.

and what is the reason that Zend_Controller_Plugin_Layout didnt do that? I mean it's pretty clear Zend_Layout is used in MVC, so why not handle it like in the Action helper. Additinal, just give the Zend_Layout_Controller_Plugin_Layout the $path for the View Scripts so it can create an Zend_Layout instance with the right configuration.

<ac:macro ac:name="code"><ac:default-parameter>php</ac:default-parameter><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[
public function __construct(Zend_Layout $layout = null)
if (null !== $layout)Unknown macro: { $this->setLayoutInstance($layout); }
elseUnknown macro: { $layout = Zend_Layout}

seams that Zend_Layout_Controller_Action_Helper_Layout creates an MVC instance if no Zend_Layout is given.


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