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Timmy Reyes
Timmy Reyes has the total package. He is a smooth, powerful surfer who loves cold water, and likes to take on big, powerful waves. There are no secrets to Tim's success so far -- he simply surfs hard and loves the sport.
Even though Timmy Reyes moved to the beach and started surfing at 9 years old, much later than others on tour, the Huntington Beach, Calif. transplant has been making waves on the ASP World Tour since he arrived in 2005. A regular footer, Timmy flies under the radar most of the time, choosing to travel alone, and explore private surfing spots with close friends.
When the Reyes family moved to Huntington Beach from West Covina, Calif., they had a love
for the ocean, and Timmy entered the Junior Lifeguards program. In high school, after he placed second in his very first competition, Timmy realized surfing was his calling and he quickly became a trophy hunting machine.
Growing up in Huntington taught him how to fight and scramble for waves in the crowded surf, making the man-on-man heat format of the WCT tour seem like an everyday surf session.
Spending time with good friends and mentors also helped Timmy progress faster. Guys like O'Neill teammate Bobby Martinez, Anthony Petruso, and Micah Byrne helped make him who he is today in the water.
In 2007, after a huge floater and a misplaced foot, Timmy tore his knee and required a complete replacement of his ACL, MCL and meniscus . Through rehab and hard work, he made it back on tour in 2008 and had what he calls a "sleepy year." Contrary to his words, Timmy still took third in the 2008 Pipeline Masters that year, proving to the world that a devastating injury can't even slow him down.
Being a professional athlete is no easy task, and living out of a duffel bag makes even the most unique places tiresome. However, Timmy takes it all in stride. His sense of humor and positive perspective on life allows him to live in the moment and enjoy what comes his way.
These days, he spends the majority of his time focusing on improving and separating himself from others at contests in order to have the upper hand. Having recently hired a personal
coach, Timmy is working on getting more out of his heats and improving his endurance in the water. All of this is helping him get to the state of mind that he competes best in: focused and calm.
With his quick thinking and fast improvisation in contest surfing, Timmy Reyes is someone to keep an eye out for on the podium.
O'NEILL x OHANA is a piece created to really highlight our athletes. The word Ohana means family in Hawaiian and everyone in this short film has spent countless years riding for the same brand we call O'Neill. Jordy Smith, Ian Crane, Timmy Reyes, Cory Lopez, and John John Florence (as seen in order) all feature their best waves from the time they spent on this rock called Hawaii. It's 8 minutes full of gold and you don't want to miss the end section with JJF. If you ain't having fun, then what the hell are you doing? Enjoi these next 8 minutes. Might blow your mind… Press Play.This is a short film starring Team O'Neill.
John John had the highest two wave score of the day. This photo incorporates it all.
Even though Ian Crane lost in the trials his performance was spot on.
Timmy Reyes is known for his man carves and used them to his advantage.
Jake Davis was blowing up! Unfortunately he could not pull through during final round of the trials.
As day one came to a wrap, John John Florence, Cory Lopez, and Timmy Reyes have advanced to round 2 and are one step closer to the win. Stay tuned for tomorrow's update.
- When and where are you filling this out?
"In my house a few hours before leaving for Barbados
Describe your first board, how much it cost, and where you bought it from:
My first board was from my parents; 4'11" black rails, 2" thick with no rocker."
- Who got you into surfing?
"My Dad."
- How old were you when you first stood up?
"4 or 5 years old"
- What beach was it at?
"Huntington Beach"
- Describe your first tube:
"I can't describe it because my eyes were closed."
- Nickname, and how you earned it:
"Rimmy and Squirel; one was a spelling error in Surfer Mag and I don't know how I got the other one."
- Superstitions:
- Best session ever:
"Log Cabins , March 1998"
- Favorite ever board:
"Al Merrick, 5'10" that got ran over by a 1970 van."
- Best place you've ever been and why?
"Tahiti because the waves are perfect, people are nice and you don't have to travel that far."
- Best mates:
"Shawn Ward, Micah Byrne, Anthony Petruso, and all my buddies that I hang out with."
- Legends:
"Kelly Slater , Matt Archbold"
- Three favorite CD's:
"2 Pac, Sublime, Brittany Spears because she is hot!"
- Cult video:
- Favorite surf movie and why?
"Not too sure, because all videos are good. Some are just better than others."
- Describe the most radical surfer (in and out of the water) you've ever seen:
""Archy" he freaking rips!!"


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Poppy Penelope Cardigan
Open weave meets ribbing to texture a classic cardigan.
- Length: 25" to 29".
- 60% cotton, 40% acrylic.
- Hand wash. Imported.
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Tag "compromise"
Five of Swords ~ Choose Integrity
By Caroline on :: 23 views :: 5 comments
Unfortunately sometimes in life there are people who do not wish us well, or at least, people who put their own needs and wishes first at our expense. This might be a cheating spouse, a jealous colleague, or a corrupt banker. We can't control how other people choose to act, but we can choose how we respond.


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A splash of heart-warming color, the simple beauty of a pure, white lily. When words just aren't enough, or it's difficult to express exactly how you feel, turn to the RedEnvelope flower boutique. From delicate hand-tied blooms to stunning arrangements and potted plants, we offer a huge range of flowers to suit all tastes. And what's more all of them have been especially designed to communicate your condolences.
Looking for a bereavement and memorial gift? Take a peek at our wonderful collection of luxurious keepsakes, thoughtful gift baskets, flowers and more. Here at RedEnvelope we offer many vibrant options to wish a loved one well and serve as a reminder of happier days.
Send beautiful sympathy flowers with a little help from the gift-giving experts here at RedEnvelope. We offer beautiful bouquets, baskets, wreathes and much more. For a simple expression of love, opt for a one-tone bunch of roses. Each bouquet is lovingly arranged by our skilled team of florists to offer comfort at a time of loss. We can even help with graveside floral arrangements. Our sympathy funeral flowers are perfect for showing how much you care. So make it a one-in-a-million tribute with a RedEnvelope boxwood cross or wreath.
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For More Information Contact:PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICEAdrienne email@example.com
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEDecember 16, 2009
Aiken business owner arrested for tax fraud
Aiken, SC…An Aiken business owner is being held at the Aiken County Detention Center following his arrest today for operating a business without a license. Robert Earl Gunnels III, 43, owner of Sundance Cleaners, is being held at the Aiken County Detention Center after South Carolina Department of Revenue investigators charged him with one count of continuing to operate a business without a license or on a suspended license. He is accused of intentionally operating Sundance Cleaners and making retail sales even after his license was revoked on September 11, 2009. Gunnels is facing up to 30 days in prison and a fine of up to $200 if convicted of the charges.The Aiken County Sheriff's Department assisted in the arrest.
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Metra Board chief quits amid 'media and political frenzy'
BY LAUREN FITZPATRICK Staff Reporter firstname.lastname@example.com August 1, 2013 5:52PM
Related Documents
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- Taxpayers' legal tab for Metra mess adds up to more than $250K — so far
- Top Metra official donated to board member's candidate
- Metra chairman pushes for former federal prosecutor to investigate Clifford's allegations
- Brown: No heroes or whistleblowers in Metra mess — but plenty of hooey
- Ex-Metra CEO memo has explosive new revelations regarding Mike Madigan
- State hearing into Metra severance deal explodes with charges of "hush money" and Madigan role
- Emanuel pushes Larry Huggins off Metra Board
- String of resignations hasn't derailed Metra — yet
- Brown: Metra Board selection process based on distrust
Updated: September 3, 2013 7:48AM
Beleaguered Metra Board Chairman Brad O'Halloran quit Thursday, charging that a patronage and severance controversy at the rail agency has become "a media and political frenzy."
O'Halloran sent his resignation letter to Cook County Commissioners Elizabeth 'Liz' Doody Gorman and Jeff Tobolski, the elected officials who originally appointed him to the Board of Directors.
O'Halloran denied any wrongdoing in his handling of the severance deal the board gave to outgoing Metra CEO Alex Clifford.
"It is with mixed feelings that I step down," O'Halloran wrote. "Unfortunately, a media and political frenzy has been stirred up, primarily related to the Alex Clifford separation agreement. I have come to the sad conclusion that, so long as I am Chairman and a member of the board, the truly critical issues facing Metra will be left aside while the focus remains on the next big headline or attention-grabbing quotation.
"It is unacceptable to me and I have to do what is in my power to stop this now, which is why I have made this decision. I am disappointed that the facts as you and I know them have been eclipsed. I know I have made every decision with the best interests of Metra in mind."
A growing chorus of state legislators has called on O'Halloran and the entire board to resign after the June 21 decision to pay out $718,000 in severance to Clifford. O'Halloran is the third member on the board of 11 to step down.
The latest fodder emerged this week when records revealed that O'Halloran quietly wrote a check on July 12 to return approximately $22,000 to southwest suburban Orland Park, where he serves as trustee, because state law bars Metra board members from accepting money from elected office.
A village spokesman said O'Halloran told Orland Park last December to stop the payments from July 2011 through November 2012 into his deferred compensation retirement accounts. O'Halloran resigned that post as well Thursday, according to a village spokesman, a job he's held since 1993.
O'Halloran, who could not be reached Thursday at his Orland Park home, apparently had discussed resigning from Metra for at least the last week, Gorman said,
"I knew it was on his mind for a while," she said. "He wanted to tie up some loose ends that were in the best interest of his family and Metra."
Gorman called O'Halloran's intentions "good" but said that he "recognized that his position on the Metra board had become untenable in the wake of this intense public scrutiny."
In his two-page letter, O'Halloran repeated his claims that he referred all Clifford's allegations — which O'Halloran dubbed "non-specific"— about political pressure to the inspector general and tried to get "the pre-eminent anti-corruption watchdog" attorney Patrick Collins involved.
"My reaction was not to 'hush' anything up, but rather to direct the matter immediately to the inspector general, so that he could get to the bottom of it," he wrote.
In answering Clifford's charges, O'Halloran maintained that Clifford "misrepresented or outright invented supposed conversations he claims to have had with me." And writing in a defiant tone, he continued to stand by what he called a "business decision" to avoid costly litigation with Clifford, calling it the "lesser of two bad choices in order for the agency to move forward."
"While I have been taking the heat, it seems the powerful politicians Mr. Clifford accused escaped the same level of criticism," he wrote at the end of his letter.
Clifford has said he believes he was ousted because he resisted requests from House Speaker Mike Madigan to give a raise to one Metra employee and promote another. Clifford said O'Halloran was concerned that refusing the powerful Southwest Side Democrat would cause Metra to lose funding.
Metra Board member Jack Schaffer has denounced the severance package as "hush money."
On Wednesday, Schaffer stood with GOP gubernatorial hopeful Bill Brady as Brady called for the entire board to be dumped. Brady had harsh words for O'Halloran, saying his behavior "lies in question" and that he should answer questions and be held accountable.
"To the average citizens of Illinois, ... a buyout contract, whether it's for hush or other reasons is wrong and the people of Illinois deserve to know that their tax dollars are going into a system that is run by people who are behaving ethically and putting the taxpayers in front of anyone's personal political gain," Brady said.
Two board members have already stepped down — Paul Darley, who represented DuPage County, and Mike McCoy, who represented Kane County.
New appointments will have to be made; meanwhile board vice chair Jack Partelow of Naperville, the ranking member and a possible O'Halloran successor, likely will run the next board meeting on Aug. 16, according to Metra spokeswoman Meg Thomas-Reile.
The agency released a statement thanking O'Halloran for his service:
"Metra's staff will continue to work with our Board members and focus on our agency's mission to provide the riders and taxpayers of Northeast Illinois with high-quality, safe, affordable and reliable commuter rail service," Metra Deputy Executive Directors Alex Wiggins and Don Orseno said in a joint statement. "Our customers should expect no change."
Contributing: Becky Schlikerman


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A: In an attempt not to repeat myself, I will just mention a few traits that are unique to the White-crowned Sparrow.White-crowned Sparrows show loyalty to their winter territories and are likely to return to the same areas each year. They have been known to migrate over 2,600 miles from Alaska to California. While migrating north in the spring, their average travel distance is about 70 miles per day.Male White-crowned Sparrows can actually be bilingual, learning and using distinct song dialects from their home territory as well as a bordering one.During the winter, a White-crowned Sparrow's body needs to maintain about 3 grams of fat most of which will be used up during the night and must be replaced everyday.Through the analysis of bird-banding records, the average lifespan of a White-crowned Sparrow is thought to be around 16 months with the longest known lifespan just over 13 years.
A Bushtit is a very small, non-descript, friendly bird which usually travels in flocks.They travel together in flocks of up to 40 individuals in late summer, fall, winter and early spring. They have been recorded in flocks up to 100 during the summer. When threatened by a predator, the entire flock of Bushtits immediately begins a droning trill that makes it difficult for the predator to distinguish the location of any single member of the flock.The Bushtit is the only species of long-tailed tit in North America. They are remarkable in the fact that they are one of the smallest birds found in North America and about half their four-inch length is made up of a long tail!The one-foot-long hanging nest of a Bushtit resembles an Oriole's nest and is woven out of a variety of materials including mosses, lichens, leaves and spider's webs. Adult Bushtits with active nests can be identified by their frayed and bent tail-feathers.Bushtits constantly chatter as they travel around bushes and trees in small social groups. While foraging for insects, Bushtits stretch and reach in all sorts of odd positions, often upside down in the manner of chickadees.Bushtits cope with the cold temperatures while roosting at night by closely huddling together in large groups. They also construct heavily insulated nests to protect their nestlings from the cold.Look into a Bushtit's eyes to tell if it is a male or female. In an adult female the iris is light (cream, yellow, or white) and in the males it is black.The typical call of the Bushtit is very soft and bell-like. They do not have a song. Bushtits are very tame and fearless of humans. They will stay close to your feeder while you are filling it. Bushtits have such a small body-weight-to-size ratio (average weight is 5.5 grams) that it results in a high rate of body heat loss. During the winter, individuals need to eat about 80% of their weight per day to avoid losing weight.Local bird expert Larry Collins owns Wild Birds Unlimited, 2454 Hwy. 6&50, which caters to folks who want the best backyard birdfeeding experience possible. Email your birdfeeding and birding questions to firstname.lastname@example.com and he'll answer them in his bi-weekly Q&A column in the Free Press.


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With Grand Valley temperatures already sky-rocketing, now may be the perfect time to plan a summer trip. Luckily, living in Colorado has its perks - with so many world-class attractions, why leave the state? Just hop in your car, pack a snack, and fill up your gas tank. Adventure is on the horizon.
Three hours in your car may seem excessive, but it's totally worth it to visit Frisco. Why? Marina access to Dillon Reservoir and hyper-local recreation opportunities create a unique family experience. You can play there without visiting nearby resort towns, like busier Breckenridge (unless you want to).Alpine views are an attractive feature of Frisco Bay Marina's offerings. And, for those without boats, the marina provides lots of rentals. According to the Town of Frisco, you may canoe, kayak, power and sail boat, pending availability. The marina's Island Grill, a popular location with locals and visitors for sunset cocktails, also features a limited menu. A little history: Summit County's Dillon Reservoir (or Lake Dillon) is managed by Denver Water, and the reservoir is also a main Front Range water source. The old Town of Dillon was partially moved and then flooded with the construction of the Dillon Dam in the 1960s. Old town remnants are now deep beneath the water.Frisco's Peninsula Recreation Area has a number of fun attractions, too - a disc golf course, a skate park, hiking trails, and a campground to name a few. The newly constructed Frisco Adventure Park, featuring mostly winter activities, is also located on this stretch of land off Highway 9.Places to eat are also plentiful. The Boatyard Grill features American-style family dining, and it's easy on your wallet. If you love sushi, do eat at Kemosabe on Main Street. Frisco also has Prost, its own tiny German beer hall right on the main drag.With so many specialty shops and a laid-back atmosphere, there's great window-shopping options on Main Street. And, with Frisco only minutes from Breckenridge, Dillon, Silverthorne, Arapahoe Basin, Copper Mountain and Keystone, you'll have numerous overnight options. You may want to make reservations ahead of time.For more information about visiting Frisco, visit www.townoffrisco.com.
A leisurely 2.5-hour drive from Grand Junction, Telluride - a remote and magical mountain town - is a great escape for couples and friends. The stark contradiction between Telluride's small-town appeal and the jagged, toothy peaks surrounding it brings people back again and again. This old mining settlement is nestled deeply in a narrow box canyon, and the views are reason enough to make the trip.The town and surrounding areas feature drastic weather contrasts as well. Dress in layers, and bring a hat. It can (and will) snow there in June.A visit to Telluride isn't just about the scenery, however. With numerous festivals and a formidable night life, a long-weekend visit can feature anything you want. There's top dining, numerous outdoor recreation options, shopping, a variety of bars and lots of cultural events. Don't forget to ride the gondola up to Mountain Village, home to Telluride Ski Resort and Telluride Golf Course.Do visit the Historic Sheridan Opera House, or the New Sheridan's Chop House for a steak and a drink. If you like barbecue and bourbon, Oak by the gondola is your best bet. Also, don't miss the hike up to Bridal Veil Falls. It's at the far end of town, past the cemetery. At 365-feet-high, it's said to be the tallest free-falling waterfall in the state.Room prices soar during festival and holiday weekends, however. And, even with high prices, most hotels won't have walk-in space during special events. So, pre-planning your trip is a must.Two more travel tips - request a room with view (preferably with a balcony) and stay in town. The Hotel Telluride on Main Street, near the high school, has private balconies for all its rooms.If you'd rather wait to book your stay, stop by the Telluride Visitor's Center upon arrival. Staff can direct you to last-minute deals.Carpooling as a group is also recommended, as town parking is limited. You won't need to drive once you're there.For more information about visiting Telluride, go to www.visittelluride.com.
With so many recreation options - like hiking, biking, rafting, climbing and horseback riding to name a few - Ouray is another great pick for a weekend away. Known for its mountain scenery and seasonal wildflowers, a summer visit to Ouray is ideal. An ice-climbing mecca, it's pretty dark and cold during winter months.Only two hours away, you can leave after breakfast and be there for lunch. Do visit the Ouray Brewery for its unique feel - it features three floors, food and craft brews right on Main Street.Planning on some exercise? Bring your bike, or plan a hike. And, you should definitely pack a picnic snack to enjoy while appreciating Ouray's natural beauty.According to the Ouray Chamber Resort Association, "the Box Canyon Waterfall & Park is Ouray's natural wonder - formed when the rushing waters of Canyon Creek eroded a deep and narrow box canyon through fault-weakened limestone. The park's short trails are easily accessible from the southwest corner of town. ... The lower trail, an easy 500-foot hike via a walkway and suspension bridge will lead you straight into the belly of the falls."If you want to combine education with adventure, the Bachelor-Syracuse Mine Tour is just the ticket. Guided tours into a real silver and gold mine provide insight into Ouray's rich history. An added bonus - temperatures inside mines are naturally cooler than outside. Visit www.bachelorsyracusemine.com for more info.If you like to soak, the Ouray Hot Springs Pool may be another fun stop. The website says it's open from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., every day. The slides run from noon to 6 p.m. Definitely call around to find ideal accommodations, or visit the Ouray Visitor's Center website for trip tips at www.ouraycolorado.com.
Literally in our backyard, Unaweep Canyon is the perfect spot for an exploratory day trip, or a stop on the way to Gateway. It features breath-taking desert scenery, a higher elevation (so, it may be a little cooler) and limited traffic flow. Don't be surprised if you see caravans of college students studying rocks near the road. This spectacular canyon area boasts of a landscape interesting to both scholars and scientists because of its geological formations and unique fossils. Whether you're there to climb, hike or simply take in the sights, you can do it from Grand Junction as a day trip and be home by dinner. If you're into it, check out local rock climbing guides for a variety of routes in the area. Don't forget to pack lots of water. It's dry up there!According to the Bureau of Land Management website, Unaweep Canyon is found on the northern boundary of the Dominguez-Escalante National Conservation Area. This BLM-managed area features 209,610 acres of land from Mesa, Delta and Montrose counties. "Red-rock canyons and sandstone bluffs hold geological and paleontological resources spanning 600 million years, as well as many cultural and historic sites," the BLM website said. "Ute Tribes today consider these pinyon-juniper covered lands an important connection to their ancestral past."If you have the time, hop on Colorado's Unaweep Tabeguache Scenic Byway. The Colorado Department of Transportation says you can drive it in three hours. The 133-mile-long byway is made up of Highways 141 and 145, and you can even take it as an extended drive on the way to Telluride or Ouray.Have fun!


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Soul Blossom Quilt kits. The finished quilt measures 67.5" x 82". The kits cost $88 and include everything except the backing yardage. The back requires 4 yards and there is yardage available at the shop. The pattern is included with the kit.
I am still finishing the pattern to sell and plan to have it listed by Monday. I have to tweak it from the one included with the kits because I need to give yardage measurements for cutting your own. Stay tuned - almost there!
I will be working at American Quilting Saturday morning from 10:00-2:00. If you're out shop-hopping, stop in and say hi!
In other totally unrelated news, my daughter made oatmeal butterscotch cookies two days ago and I think I managed to single-handedly consume half of them.


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NFPA 1: Fire Code, 2012 Edition
|Item # 112
|Member *
|Table of Contents
|Quantity Discounts
Protect building occupants and fire fighters on the line. Update to the 2012 NFPA 1: Fire Code based on 130+ NFPA® documents.
Major changes in the 2012 NFPA 1: Fire Code help protect jurisdictions with more powerful and comprehensive fire protection requirements for fire alarm, sprinkler, and life safety issues. Adopted in jurisdictions throughout North America, this integrated approach to fire code regulation and hazard management contains extracts from and references to more than 130 NFPA codes and standards to address the full range of fire protection and life safety issues.
Work with the latest references to widely used NFPA documents, including such industry benchmarks as the 2012 NFPA 101®: Life Safety Code®, NFPA 54: National Fuel Gas Code, and NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code...2011 NFPA 58: Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code and NFPA 25: Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems...and 2010 NFPA 13: Installation of Sprinkler Systems and NFPA 72®: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.
Major changes reflect important safety code updates. New requirements in this edition mandate:
- Sprinklers in all new buildings three or more stories in height
- CO detection in new residential occupancies reflecting the NFPA 101: Life Safety Code
- Floor fire protection for new non-sprinklered one- and two-family dwellings
- Two-way radio communication enhancement systems may be required by the AHJ per NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.
- And other changes that benefit building occupant safety
Don't delay -- reduce injuries and deaths and advance safety for the public and first responders with the 2012 NFPA 1: Fire Code. It's essential for fire marshals, architects and engineers, building owners, and professionals involved with hazardous materials. (Softbound, 662 pp., 2012)


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"Taken 2" - More Rescues, More Mayhem
Movies & DVDs
It's time for somebody to get snatched...again. Liam Neeson's daughter was kidnapped last go-round. This time it's him. So how does that work? Who's gonna rescue whom? But maybe a better question is: How many people have to die in the process?


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When people think of rape, they might think of a stranger jumping out of a shadowy place and sexually attacking someone. But it's not only strangers who rape. In fact, about half of all people who are raped know the person who attacked them. Girls and women are most often raped, but guys also can be raped.
Most friendships, acquaintances, and dates never lead to violence, of course. But, sadly, sometimes it happens. When forced sex occurs between two people who already know each other, it is known as date rape or acquaintance rape.
Even if the two people know each other well, and even if they were intimate or had sex before, no one has the right to force a sexual act on another person against his or her will.
Although it involves forced sex, rape is not about sex or passion. Rape has nothing to do with love. Rape is an act of aggression and violence.
You may hear some people say that those who have been raped were somehow "asking for it" because of the clothes they wore or the way they acted. That's wrong: The person who is raped is not to blame. Rape is always the fault of the rapist. And that's also the case when two people are dating — or even in an intimate relationship. One person never owes the other person sex. If sex is forced against someone's will, that's rape.
Healthy relationships involve respect — including respect for the feelings of others. Someone who really cares about you will respect your wishes and not force or pressure you to have sex.
Alcohol is often involved in date rapes. Drinking can loosen inhibitions, dull common sense, and — for some people — allow aggressive tendencies to surface.
Drugs may also play a role. You may have heard about "date rape" drugs like rohypnol ("roofies"), gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and ketamine. Drugs like these can easily be mixed in drinks to make a person black out and forget things that happen. Both girls and guys who have been given these drugs report feeling paralyzed, having blurred vision, and lack of memory.
Mixing these drugs with alcohol is highly dangerous and can kill.
The best defense against date rape is to try to prevent it whenever possible. Here are some things both girls and guys can do:
Unfortunately, even if someone takes every precaution, date rape can still happen. If you're raped, here are some things that you can do:
Don't be afraid to ask questions and get information. You'll have lots of questions as you go through the process — such as whether to report the rape, who to tell, and the kinds of reactions you may get from others.
Rape isn't just physically damaging — it can be emotionally traumatic as well. It may be hard to think or talk about something as personal as being raped by someone you know. But talking with a trained rape crisis counselor or other mental health professional can give you the right emotional attention, care, and support to begin the healing process. Working things through can help prevent lingering problems later on.
Reviewed by: D'Arcy Lyness, PhD
Date reviewed: February 2009


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This is the best cover looks so good and i love it no problem with putting it on and the edges are on fine
i will def buy more and more of themkai lawrence, Germany
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Excellent location – rated 9.3/10! (score from 276 reviews)
Rated by guests after their stay at Palomar San Francisco, a Kimpton Hotel.
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WiFi is available in all areas and costs USD 12.99 per 24 hours.
Private parking is available on site (reservation is not needed) and costs USD 48 per day.
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Hotel Vitale, a Joie de Vivre HotelLatest booking: 2 hours ago
Parc 55 Wyndham San Francisco - Union SquareThis downtown San Francisco hotel is a block from Union Square and the Hallidie Plaza, which features a cable car stop. The hotel provides massage services and a tour desk.
Score from 2004 reviews Very good
San Francisco Marriott MarquisSituated next to the the Moscone Convention Center, this downtown San Francisco hotel offers luxurious rooms with a flat-screen TV. Facilities include an indoor pool, a gym, and a hot tub.
Score from 1335 reviews Very good
Hotel Monaco San Francisco, a Kimpton HotelFeaturing French-inspired architecture, this upscale hotel in San Francisco provides guests with an ideal city center location near Union Square.
Score from 245 reviews Excellent
Centrally located in downtown San Francisco, this luxury 4-star hotel is one block from Union Square. It offers an Italian restaurant and rooftop lounge, a sauna, and spacious rooms.
Score from 418 reviews Excellent
The spacious room, the hotel location, & the staff was a plus to our trip. This was my second time staying at the Palomar, I highly recommend this hotel.
Location is excellent, and the staff were wonderful - very helpful and accommodating.
Rooms and 5:00 complimentary wine
Room amenities, like yoga mat and quality of minibar items.
Floor was uneven, plugs didn't all work, odd juxtaposition of building with adjacent commercial space meant no view outside and, keeping blinds closed for privacy all the time.
Had a great time. Staff is very friendly. Clean and well appointed rooms.
Staff were fantastic. Beds were fabulous. Location was great for the shopping! Very clean and well run hotel. Would definitely stay again.
Great location, from the moment we arrived the service and friendliness of staff was excellent, nothing is too much trouble. High standards in all areas of the hotel. Wine hour is a lovely addition to the stay!
ThIe staff were very friendly and helpful.
I shared a suite with a couple and slept on the fold down bed. This fold down couch was very uncomfortable to sit on but horrible to sleep on. I cannot remember when I have had a more uncomfortable night.
Comfortable beds
Couldn't use stairs to floor. Restaurant choices small selection
Good location Very helpful staff
Bathroom needs updating
Location Staff
Central location near Union Square and shops. Nice rooms and excellent staff.
Staff often anticipated my needs before I asked. Traveled with 93 year old Mom so I appreciated that!
Comfy beds and great location. Staff really friendly. Restaurant abit dark especially for breakfast!
Great location for the Moscone Center.
TV and TV reception was poor.
Nice staff; big and clean room; comfortable beds; free coffee/tea in the morning; hotel is near Union square - close to all central locations; very easy access to public transportation
Friendly staff, comfortable Room, good size, excellent location
Nothing to mention in particular
Location was excellent. Room faced Market but was very quiet. Large bathroom but overall size of room was a little small. Room was only used to sleep and bed was comfortable. Very nice, accommodating staff. Wine hour was extra perk.
Small room size for price but SF is expensive in general. Floors in hallway are uneven which is probably only a problem if you spent to much time at Dirty Habit.
Perfect location for visiting San Francisco. Really friendly helpful staff. Comfortable room. On 9th floor so a quiet room.
Great location, friendly staff, unique decor.
Pricey restaurant, but plenty of other options nearby.
Very quite able to sleep very well
Small room and even smaller bathroom. It try's to be modern chic hotel but for me it doesn't work. Price is high for what you get.
Everything! Staff was amazing!
Hotel phone had issues and could not be fixed while we were there. Other than that everything was brilliant!
Needs coffee maker in room.
Too pricey
Bed was great, room was clean and quiet, it was a step from all central locations, very easy with public transportation, safe at night
Some of the staff had a funny attitude, which I didn't appreciate. The breakfast was overpriced and not worth it- recommend to exclude it
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Milk thistle has a long history of use for a variety of health issues, but it is most known and used for it's effectiveness in maintaining and supporting the liver. Milk thistle's sylmarin component is a powerful antioxidant and maintains liver cell resistance to toxins, while at the same time supportingcellular reproduction.
Super Milk Thistle X combines one part milk thistle extract and two parts phosphatidylcholine in a patented method. The process creates a superior form of milk thistle that is highly absorbed. Super Milk Thistle X also includes quality extracts of dandelion, which has a secretory function in the liver; artichoke, which has a long, successful history of liver support; and licorice, which supports the immune system and maintains the flow of bile and fat to and from the liver.
Available in 60 or 120 capsules.
Review Rating: 4.5
Country of Origin: USA
Manufacturer: Integrative Therapeutics
IngredientsMilk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Fruit One part Milk Thistle Extract, standardized to contain 80% silymarin, bound to two parts phosphatidylcholine (soy) using a proprietary process for improved absorption 100 mgArtichoke (Cynara Scolymus) 40 mgDandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Root Extract 4:1 10 mgLicorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) 10 mg
Other Ingredients - cellulose, vegetable capsule (modified cellulose), magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide
This product contains Milk Thistle, which may interfere with the update of P450 drugs.
This product contains ingredients of animal origin; color variations are normal.
Please Note: This is a human supplement, not one designed specifically for pets; however, it is completely safe and effective for use on your pet. Our holistic veterinarian has reviewed and recommended the following usage instructions:
Dosage Instructions
Please Note
The reviews below are presented for informational purposes only and are not intended as an endorsement of any product. The information is not intended to be a substitute for visits to your local veterinarian. Instead, these testimonials offer the reader information and opinions written by pet owners and/or veterinarians concerning animal health and products that they have used.
(based on 32 reviews)
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Reviewed by 32 customers
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By flygirljc
from Oklahoma City, OK
About Me Long-time Pet Owner
Comments about Integrative Therapeutics Super Milk Thistle X:
I use the product as recommended on the bottle - it has relieved my Doxie with IVDD issues which manifest in the same way with pain [distended tight belly] - because of medications she took when she developed IVDD & also the Revolution both dogs take for heart-worm, etc. - their livers are stressed & weakened. I really like it because it is holistic & natural instead of a synthetic chemical - a safe way of healing with no negative side affects. It also is helping shrink a fatty tumor on the male Doxie.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Stopped My Dog's Tummy Trouble
By JVal
from Maryland
About Me New Pet Owner
Our two year old Jack Russell was having issues vomiting bile every so often and we found out from the vet that her liver enzymes we slightly off. Upon research, I came across this product and decided to give it a try. After a couple of weeks, our dog is back to normal and full of energy. She has not been sick since. I can't give all the credit to this product since we also switched her food, though I am certain that it helped. To administer, we smear a small glob of organic peanut butter on the pill and push it to the back of her throat and it is as simple as that! Don't think I will give this to her on a regular basis, but more on an "as needed" term. Superior product for the price and I would highly recommend.
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
Excellent for dogs with liver issues
By scamp
from Oregon
Help my 15 year old dog with hepatic disease get her liver enzymes that were off the charts back to the normal range.
Lowers high liver values in senior cats!
By KittyDiva
from Chicago, IL
This supplement brought my 16 year old overweight kitty's high liver values down by 150 in some areas within 8 weeks. They continue to gradually decline. With this, his eyes are brighter, he's peppier, and interestingly has lost some weight as well. I highly recommend this great, natural product. I pill him, but I think you could open capsule and put in food, too.
I just received my milk thistle and
By val
from longmeadow ma
my shihtzu is incredibly fussy and we have to force him to eat most of the time....he actually spits meat out. We are having a hard time getting this capsule down his throat....any ideas??? PLEASE!thanks in advance.
(3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
This saved my dog
By Tropic Barb
from Guam
My 4 year old dog has some serious liver problems that were not being addressed by normal medications that the vet had given her. I was told about this product by a pet owners group and this has saved my dog. She was retaining a lot of fluid, which had to be drained once a week, but since she has been using the Super Milk Thistle X she has not been retaining the fluid. I am so glad that I found this product.
Ecstatic about improvement!
By Corgi Mom x 2
from Virginia
My 13-year old Cardigan Welsh Corgi is on Rimadyl for arthritis, which is notoriously harsh on the liver. Almost 4 weeks ago, his liver enzymes were at 363. Today, he had bloodwork again and it was down to 162! Still higher than it should be, but our vet was so excited to see his progress. I would highly recommend this to offset the side effects of Rimadyl. He isn't easy to pill, so I open the capsule and sprinkle it over his food. He eats it with gusto, so the taste doesn't appear to bother him at all. Thank you for a great product!
Great product for my old lab!
By Watchful Mom
from Denver, CO
I bought this product, as my 12 year old lab has liver issues. The vet wanted to put her on medication that I was not comfortable with in regards to the side effects. I decided to go the natural route and she responded pretty quickly. She is more energetic and her liver enzymes are down. I could not be more happy...or my dog!
Not advised to give to a diabetic dog!!!
By Mommy of diabetic fur baby!!!
from Cape Coral Fl.
I tried this for my diabetic dog. Not a good idea it shot his sugar sky high and his BG's were all over the place. I wanted to detoxify him from antibiotics and prednisone but it turned out this is the worst thing to give to a diabetic dog who was well regulated. :-(
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
(4 of 4 customers found this review helpful)
Excellent results!
By Dressage rider
from Northern Virginia
My 10yr old Dobie became very sick Dec 2011. Her liver enzymes were very high. She was diagnosed with liver disease maybe stemming from the Lyme disease she contracted at age 4. I opted against putting her through any surgery. At the urging of a veterinarian friend I started her on the Milk Thistle. Within two weeks she was better, by the end of three weeks she was romping like a pup and as of April 2012 her liver enzyme count is within the normal range. She is bright and playful. Her coat is shiny and she has tons of energy. I believe this product saved her life and she will remain on it for the rest of her days. I highly recommend it. Three capsules sprinkled on her food once daily works for her.
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The Beacon
Blog Tags: Ocean Opera
Sound, Brain and Ocean Waves
Last time we heard from Dr. Wallace "J." Nichols, he sent us wisdom from a coconut. Now he's back with several cool new projects. The first is called Ocean Voices, a website where you can record your own thoughts on the oceans and listen to others' voices, too.
The culmination of the project will be an Ocean Opera performed in June 2010 to kick off World Ocean Month and Jacques Cousteau's 100th Birthday celebration. With more than 300 voices so far, Nichols hopes to get 1000 by the end of this year. Check it out and speak up for the seas!
And then there's his forthcoming book, Oceanophilia, co-authored by Andy Myers. So what is Oceanophilia, you ask? Keep reading and find out, in this post by Nichols from yesterday's Huffington Post:
Oceanophilia: The Neuroscience of Emotion and the Ocean
"We are tied to the ocean. And when we go back to the sea—whether it is to sail or to watch it—we are going back from whence we came." - President John F. Kennedy
Once I met a man who hated the ocean. Intensely, he said. He described to me fear, negative associations and a general unease he couldn't quite put his finger on. His aversion was so strong— especially when measured against my own great, unabashed love for the ocean—that I'll never forget my bewilderment. Everyone I have ever known loves the ocean. I'm not talking about lower-case "l" kind of love either; the kind that we apply indiscriminately to pop stars, sports teams and chocolate bars. I mean the capital "L" kind of Love; the love that is unfathomable and ineffable, a fusion of respect, understanding, awe, sensuality and mystery.
Continue reading...
Most Viewed
- Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays, Ocean Lovers! Posted Wed, December 24, 2014
- Ocean Roundup: Morbillivirus Strikes the Florida Keys, New Species of Snailfish Discovered in Mariana Trench, and More Posted Mon, December 22, 2014
- Photos: Christmas Island's Incredible Red Crab Migration is Underway Posted Mon, December 22, 2014


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[lang_en]Order and chaos in chess[/lang_en][lang_nl]Orde en chaos in het schaakspel[/lang_nl]
[lang_nl]Wordt het schaakspel uiteindelijk door vaste regels en logica beheerst, of is het gewoon een ?¢'ǨÀúrandom' spelletje? Een vergelijking met de wetenschap.
door Arne Moll [/lang_nl][lang_en]Is chess ultimately governed by fixed rules and logic, or is it just a 'random' game? A comparison with science.
by Arne [/lang_en]
[lang_nl]Enige tijd geleden schreef ik een artikel over de toekomst van schaakkennis. Ik ging in op de mogelijkheid dat computers, theoretisch gezien, ooit te weten kunnen komen wat de ultieme waarheid van de beginstelling is (wint wit met perfect spel? Is het remise? Zou het kunnen dat zwart gewonnen staat?), maar dat wij mensen dit misschien nooit zullen begrijpen omdat het buiten het menselijk begrip ligt, zoals quantummechanica buiten het menselijk begrip ligt (zelfs al heeft de mens uitgevonden dat quantummechanica echt is.)[/lang_nl][lang_en]Some time ago, I wrote an article about the future of chess knowledge. I considered the possibility that, theoretically speaking, computers can some day find out the ultimate truth of the initial position (is White winning with perfect play? Is it a draw? Could Black be winning?), but we humans may never understand it because it's beyond human comprehension, just like quantum physics is beyond human comprehension (even though humans have found out that quantum physics is real.)[/lang_en]
[lang_nl]Geloof in orde
Onlangs schreef de theoretisch natuurkundige en kosmoloog Paul Davies (tevens auteur van diverse populair-wetenschappelijke boeken) een provocerend opiniestuk in The New York Times, waardoor ik weer moest denken aan de vraag of we ooit enige ultieme waarheid in het schaakspel kunnen begrijpen. In zijn artikel verdedigt Davies het standpunt dat niet alleen religie, maar ook wetenschap op geloof gebaseerd is. Hij schrijft:
Alle wetenschap is gebaseerd op de aanname dat de natuur geordend is op een rationele en begrijpelijke wijze. Je zou geen wetenschapper kunnen zijn als je dacht dat het heelal een betekenisloze verzameling losse eindjes is die lukraak op elkaar gestapeld zijn.
Door zich met wetenschap bezig te houden, beweert Davies, gaan wetenschappers impliciet uit van regels en patronen in het heelal. Ze veronderstellen een zekere logica, zelfs al die logica misschien ons begrip voor altijd te boven zal gaan. Dientengevolge is het geloof van de wetenschapper dat er orde is, want als er geen orde zou zijn, zou er alleen maar chaos zijn ?¢'Ǩ'Äú en wat zou het doel van wetenschap zijn als chaos niet getemd kan worden?
Natuurlijk riep Davies' artikel veel reacties op. Veel wetenschappers tekenden met klem bezwaar aan niet alleen tegen de claims van Davies, maar ook tegen de gedachte alleen al dat religie en wetenschap ook maar iets met elkaar te maken zouden hebben - zelfs als wetenschappers geloofden dat er duidelijke wetten in het heelal waren. Sterker nog, het bleek dat veel wetenschappers het helemaal niet nodig achten om te geloven in een geordend heelal. Bioloog P.Z. Myers schreef:
(...) Als we kijken naar de verschijning van een bepaald fenomeen moeten we erop voorbereid zijn dat het niet het gevolg is van een of andere geordende progressie ?¢'Ǩ'Äú misschien gebeurde het gewoon zo. (?¢'Ǩ¬¶) Davies heeft misschien geloof in de wetenschap, maar ik niet. Ik neem het zoals het komt.
We hebben dus twee standpunten:
- Er moet orde zijn, wat is de anders ?ɬºberhaupt het nut van proberen te achterhalen hoe dingen werken?
- Het is een open vraag of er orde of chaos ten grondslag ligt aan de werkelijkheid, maar het zou niet moeten uitmaken zolang we nog kunnen uitvinden hoe dingen werken.
Een random spel?
Kunnen we deze discussie toepassen op schaken? Gelooft u dat schaken uiteindelijk door vaste regels en logica wordt beheerst, of gelooft u dat het gewoon een ?¢'ǨÀúrandom' spelletje is waar, om Myers te parafraseren, dingen ?¢'ǨÀúgewoon zo zijn'?
Misschien kunnen we erachter komen. Om te beginnen is het misschien zo dat we de ultieme waarheid van de beginstelling nooit zullen kennen, maar we weten wel de ultieme waarheid van bepaalde basis eindspelen. Een paar wetmatigheden zijn er dus in elk geval wel. Deze feiten zijn natuurlijk ook door computers gecontroleerd. In bepaalde eindspelen weten we niet alleen of een stelling gewonnen of verloren is, maar we kunnen het winstplan ook begrijpen en deze kennis gebruiken om de winstvoering op het bord te brengen. Als je bijvoorbeeld de regels (formules) kent voor hoe je moet matzetten met koning en toren tegen koning alleen, kun je dit net zo snel en perfect als een computer.
Sommige eindspelen zijn natuurlijk ingewikkelder dan dit voorbeeld. Een goed voorbeeld is het theoretische eindspel dat Shirov op het bord kreeg tegen Karjakin in de recente World Cup: toren en loper versus twee paarden. Tim Krabb?ɬ© heeft al veel geschreven over dit fascinerende eindspel (en over dit onderwerp!), en in zijn dagboekaantekening van 16 december 2007 werpt hij de vraag op of mensen ooit zullen begrijpen wat computers al hebben berekend: hoe dit eindspel te winnen?
Krabb?ɬ© geeft twee diagrammen om te laten zien hoe moeilijk het zal zijn om de winstweg te begrijpen. Op een bepaald moment moet wit tweehonderd 'perfecte' zetten achter elkaar doen om de volgende stap te bereiken ?¢'Ǩ'Äú maar deze stap lijkt net zo willekeurig en onbegrijpelijk als iedere andere stelling in dit eindspel. Hoe kunnen we ooit begrijpen wat er gaande is? Heeft het zin om het te proberen?
Wat zou Paul Davies ons adviseren? Misschien zoiets: ?¢'Ǩ?ìHet heeft alleen zin om dit eindspel te begrijpen als je gelooft dat aan de wortel van elke schaakstelling een bepaald logisch patroon of een formule ligt die we kunnen ontdekken, en die je naar de ultieme waarheid van een stelling leidt.?جø¬??
P.Z. Myers geeft misschien een heel ander antwoord: ?¢'Ǩ?ìJe moet er rekening mee houden dat we nooit zullen kunnen begrijpen hoe deze stelling te winnen is, omdat het is slechts een willekeurige reeks zetten is, weet je. Ja, een computer kan het met extreme rekenkracht uitrekenen, maar dat is eigenlijk gewoon tellen ?¢'Ǩ'Äú er is geen elegante formule of iets dergelijks.?جø¬??
Zeker, we hebben vele praktische vuistregels in het schaken (?¢'Ǩ?ìtorens horen op open lijnen, ontwikkel je stukken, etc.?جø¬??) maar aangezien deze niet altijd geldig zijn, zijn het geen echte formules, zoals E=mc^2 of V=(4/3)*pi*(r^3). Zijn zulke formules in principe mogelijk in het schaakspel, zelfs al zien ze er misschien volslagen anders uit? Is schaken uiteindelijk een spel van orde of een spel van chaos? Wat gelooft u?[/lang_nl][lang_en]Faith in order
Recently, the theoretical physicist and cosmologist Paul Davies (and author of various books on science) wrote a provocative OpEd piece in The New York Times, that made me think again of the question whether we can ever understand any ultimate truth in chess. In his article, Davies defends the view that not only religion, but science, too, relies on faith. He writes:
All science proceeds on the assumption that nature is ordered in a rational and intelligible way. You couldn't be a scientist if you thought the universe was a meaningless jumble of odds and ends haphazardly juxtaposed
By doing science, Davies claims, scientists implicitly assume rules and patterns in the universe. They assume a certain kind of logic, even though this logic may forever be beyond our comprehension. Thus, the scientists' faith is that there is order, for if there weren't any order, there would only be chaos - and what would be the purpose of science if chaos could not be made orderly?
Of course, Davies' article created a lot of responses. Many scientists objected heavily not only to the claims made by Davies, but also to the mere suggestion that religion and science should even be remotely similar - even if scientists believed there were fixed rules in the universe. In fact, it turned out that many scientists actually do not consider it necessary to have faith in an orderly universe. Biologist P.Z. Myers wrote:
(...) When looking at the appearance of some particular feature we have to be prepared for the possibility that it is not a consequence of some orderly progression?¢'Ǩ'Äùperhaps it just happened that way. (...) Maybe Davies has faith in science, but I don't. I take it as it comes.
So, we have two points of view now:
- There must be order, otherwise what's the point of trying to figure things out in the first place?
- It's an open question whether there's order or chaos at the basis of reality, but it shouldn't matter as long as there's still things to find out.
A random game?
Can we apply this discussion to chess? Do you believe that chess is ultimately governed by fixed rules and logic, or do you believe it's just a 'random' game where, to paraphrase Myers, things 'just happen that way'?
Perhaps we can find out. For starters, we may not know the ultimate truth of the initial position (yet), but we do know the ultimate truth of some basic endgames. Some rules, then, appear to be present. These truths have, of course, also been verified by computers. In some of these endgames we not only know whether a position is won or lost, but we can actually understand the winning plan and use this knowledge to execute it ourselves. For example, if you understand the rules (formulas) of how to mate with king and rook against a lone king, you can do it as smoothly and perfectly as any computer.
Of course, some endgames are more complex than this. A case in point is the theoretical endgame Shirov had against Karjakin in the recent World Cup: rook and bishop versus two knights. Tim Krabb?ɬ© has already written a lot about this fascinating endgame (and about this subject!), and in his diary entry of December 16, 2007, he raises the question whether humans will ever understand what computers have already calculated: how to win this endgame?
Krabb?ɬ© gives two diagrams to show how difficult it will be to understand the winning method. At some point White needs to play two hundred 'perfect' moves in a row to come to the next step - but this next step seems as random and unintelligble as any position in this endgame. How can we ever understand what's going on? Does it make sense to try?
What would Paul Davies advise us? Perhaps something like this: "It only makes sense to understand this endgame if you believe that at the core of any chess position there's some kind of logical pattern, a formula, that we can discover, and that will lead you to the ultimate truth of the position."
P.Z. Myers might give us an advise that's very different: "You should be prepared to find that we can never understand how to win this position, because, you know, it's just a random sequence of moves. Yes, a computer can calculate it through brute force, but that's just counting - there's no elegant formula or something."
Sure, we have many practical rules of thumb ("put rooks on an open file, develop your pieces, etc.") but because they don't always work, they're not real formulas, like E=mc^2 or V=(4/3)*pi*(r^3). Are such formulas in principe possible in chess, even though they may look entirely different? Is chess ultimately a game of order, or a game of chaos? What do you believe?[/lang_en]
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6 years 11 months ago
I just wrote a long post, and deleted it by accident. This is the short version. Ron - you miss the fact that particles, clusters of particles. and atoms are analogies created to aid human understanding, the most fundamental processes detectable by science might lay on a much smaller scale than that. There is no randomness in chess, because the moves are defined by the rules, but chess is 'nearly infinite' and so the number of abstractions necessary to understand it completely means can be regarded as similar to science. The best players have a combination of opening theory, calculative ability, and ability to understand the abstract points of complex positions.
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6 years 11 months ago
One way to rephrase the problem is what would be the shortest program that could play perfect chess in every game? Counting memory used towards program length so a tablebase generator would not do. Obviously such a program would be many orders of magnitude shorter than a 32 piece tablebase but I suspect still way beyond human understanding.
For all of you who say chess is mathematically simple would you be able to generate such a program if you had the complete tablebase? Is there any way to do this except by hand? (i.e. looking at the positions, guesing the rules yourself then implementing them?)
What I mean is there a generalized way, given the rules of a finite game (including the winning condition), to generate type 2 rules even if not the simplest ones?
Has this been done for any simple games, or simplified chess positions?
These questions certainly don't seem trivial to me. Apart from their mathematical intrest they would have a 'practical' application: they could be used to find wins in certain endgames which may not be the shortest but easier for humans to understand.
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Being a mathematician and a chess player, I fully agree with bartleby.
The number of possibilities in chess is finite, so in principle it is possible to decide the best move in any given position.
At the same time, it is abundantly clear that this beyond the comprehension of humans, and beyond the capacities of any foreseeable non-quantum computer.
If chess has to be compared to some science, I would vote for biology. How a chess game develops is not determined by fixed rules, like an algorithm, or by pure chance, like quantum-mechanics. Rather, it is the consequence of a vague set of rules that the players to try to apply, inconsistently, sensitive to all kinds of disturbance and certainly not optimal. But let's rejoice in this, it's what makes chess a sport!
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"Cassia vs Garry Kasparov"
With a deep understanding of the consequences of each move, the way endgames are entered into would be different I imagine. Someone with perfect play would be in control of each phase of the game. Leading not into a chaotic position but into the opposite. The interesting thing about formula expressions is that they put the complex into the simplified. If there is hidden 'laws' governing the chess universe I would bet they would be simple and elegant.
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6 years 11 months ago
Schaken is zo 'perfect' (of heel benaderend aan perfectie) dat er zowel ORDER als CHAOS in zitten!
Volledige "orde" bestaat natuurlijk niet. Het is dan steeds een geordende vorm van "chaos"
Uiteindelijk en in essentie is alles natuurlijk Chaos. Enkel de mensheid ordent die zodanig dat het voor ons logisch en "orde" lijkt.
Dat is net zoiets als tijd en wiskunde. Natuurlijk 'klopt' de wiskunde voor ons...wij hebben die uitgevonden. En dus "doen we het kloppen"
Kortom: in schaken zit zowel orde als chaos, en het is duidelijk dat grote Meesters zoals Karpov de chaos beter kunnen 'ordenen' dan gewone stervelingen...
Alles is relatief. Volledige orde of volledige chaos bestaat trouwens niet. Dat zijn gewoon Utopische polen. Zoals zwart en wit. De 2 extremen. Niets neemt ooit zulke extremen aan. Het is telkens een dynamische gradatie tussen de 2 contrasterende statische tegenpolen.
Deze visie is natuurlijk ook subjectief en relatief.
Filosofische schaakgroeten,
Theo ;-)
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6 years 11 months ago
All chess games start in the same state. After 10 moves, it is impossible to predict the position. That seems to be chaotic. But the 'chaos' is in the minds of the players - when, if ever, a computer 'solves' chess, then in a game between two computers that had the solution, it would be a simple matter to predict the position after 10 moves.
Regarding endgames: I have heard that masters perform no better than a competent club player when the pieces are randomised (as in Fischer's chess), or in set problems. To me complex endgames approach randomness because their solutions are less likely - there are millions of ways to win a game when all the pieces are present, but not when you have B and Kt against King. Endgames can be highly complex in the sense that there are many possible moves at any point, of which only one may be correct. That move may be indirect, and therefore not obvious; at an early phase of the game, it could hardly be.
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My contribution to the discussion is that certain types of endings will always be beyond human comprehension. At some point the tablebases will include positions with more pieces and pawns, and the specific strategies will involve consequences more than three hundred moves later, when for example a knight or rook promotion will be decisive.
I can also think of a different scenario: some types of endings can only be understood by completely forgetting about the official rules of chess and the 'human techniques', and it will be a game in itself to solve and describe certain winning strategies. Like the problem solving tournaments of nowadays. Mr Nunn's grand children will be the first to win these events.
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before you take Paul Davies' view on science to heart, you might have a look at some of the criticism of that piece that came from the science community.
For example:
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9 months 3 weeks ago
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6 years 11 months ago
Mathematically speaking, chess is boring, because there is a simple, yet lengthy process how to solve it.
The chaos lies not in the mathematics of chess, but in the fact that our brains, and computers, are just able to get a glimpse or two on how an ultimate answer may be achieved, but the answer itself is out of our reach for the foreseeable future.
We may make progress, if we get a better understanding on how concepts are formed.
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6 years 11 months ago
In reality there is no randomness. The beginning of the universe set off a chain of energetic cause and effect that has branched into multi paradigms and systems beyond our limited primate brains.
Chaos theory shows us hidden structures in systems that appear completely random. The dripping of a tap. The rise and fall of the nile. Weather Systems. There is a pattern behind everything.
At this point that natural selection has spat us out ,our biological brains alone are too limited to understand NN vs BR endings. However technology is an extension of our physical brains and as technology grows exponentially, a new, more efficient version of evolution - that of 'memes' - is rapidly evolving our understanding of the universe and chess!
Who would have thought nano technology & gene therapy & space travel possible just 100 years ago.
I believe one day we will all understand chess fully. Each game will be drawn, but we'll still love to play and watch the beauty of it unfold.
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@Ron, you write: "computers are already showing that these ?¢'ǨÀúRules?¢'Ǩ'Ñ¢ have many exceptions." Yes, in most situations this is true, but *not* in theoretical endgames. In the ending KR vs R, it's *always* the best idea to chase the enemy king to the edge and then to the corner. This is the type of "rule" that I have in mind: are such rules, in principe, also possible for middlegames and even openings? We don't know that yet, but that doesn't mean it's not possible.
@nick. "The beginning of the universe set off a chain of energetic cause and effect". If we would live in a universe governed by classical physics, that would be true. But we may not live in such a universe. Ours is a quantum universe, and there thing could be very different. (I'm not talking about the possible wave-functions of every particle in the universe, but about the problem of observation.) So, we don't *know* whether we live in a deterministic universe, and hence we don't know whether there's no real randomness. The same could be true for chess, and the point of my article was to stimulate thinking about this.
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@hexag1: yes, but how's that different from what I already wrote about the responses Davies' article received?
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@peter, I think you're right, but the fact that we'll probably never have a *holistic* understanding of chess, doesn't mean we can't understand (some) *individual* steps in the process of reaching the ultimate truth in certain positions. This is also Krabb?ɬ©'s point: can we ever make *any* progress in such complicated tablebase endings, or will it always seem *completely* random?
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Arne, your first set of rules are indeed Rules. Your second set is what we think are 'Rules' using our limited brains and 'understanding'. But I am convinced that there are no such 'Rules' in chess. Castling is a good move most of the time, but sometimes it is not. Sometimes an open line is a blessing, sometimes a curse. When is the bishop pair 'good' and when not? Yes we try to approximate, as good as we can, find 'Rules', but computers are already showing that these 'Rules' have many exceptions.
More fundamental question to you and the Forum here: what is chess? IS a game between two computers really chess? Or is it the game that we humans play (Donner's opinion), including our mistakes and emotions?
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Also consider The Hitchhiker Guide's answer to the Ultimate Question (42)! :-)
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6 years 11 months ago
On me chess makes a very complicated, but not a chaotic impression. The questions (what) seem to be clear most of the time, just the answers (how) are impossible to calculate.
Logic 1: Mate ends the game, so the direct way to win the game is an attack on the king and mate.
Logic 2: The more central a piece is, the more options it has (compare Nh1 with Ne4). So the indirect way to win the game is to create more options for your pieces compared to the opponent?Ǭ¥s pieces.
I think as computers become more powerful all chess strategy comes down to "mate" and "the centre". It remains how...
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Ah, thanks arne. But actually, I was just pointing that out and then went off in another direction. Anyway, yeah, I'd say the second set of rules was more in line with chaos theory. To the whole point of one line splitting into two, and those two splitting into two, and so on until you are left with a mess.... But in this case, it's moves. He does X, so you can do this or that, and each of those generating possible different counters to it.
If there was a perfect way to win a game, no matter what the other side did, then I think the problem would come up that both sides can't win, so one side must beat the other and therefor, a perfect counter to every move cannot exist. A best, you would be left with a draw and a game between two kings that continues into infinity, or at least as long as the board and the pieces last.
So a universal law or formula that governs chest and makes it so that you can't lose? No, I don't think such a thing exists, even with it existing beyond our understanding. Paradoxes aside. I think what we'll get is close enough and use it to make a computer that a human can't beat at chess and when it faces itself, it gets a draw, every time.
I expect chaos is in everything, even the rules, making it impossible to come to any formula that will tell you what to do next.
However, I will note, there is skill involved in chess, knowing when to play what, and I do see that implies some sort of rules or some sort of reasoning that certain moves are better than others.... Expect that whole chaos theory getting tossed in there. And it's not really randomness so much, as just having no knowledge of what the other person will do, of having too many possibilities and outcomes, of chaos itself. And it might really be that chess comes down to not having perfect moves, but having proportionally more moves that are most likely to result in a win than the other person. And there is no formula for something like that.
I suppose if you could read the mind of the other player then you'd never lose, but that still doesn't produce any kind of a formula.
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6 years 11 months ago
Are we mere pawns, or is everyone of us the king of his own game/life? I want to believe the latter, even though my life points to the former. In any case, I think we confuse chaos with what cannot be counted.
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1 year 2 weeks ago
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6 years 11 months ago
The beauty in chess is that is played by two imperfect beings each of which has a possibility of winning. If chess was a systemetic game that had empirical rules that allowed white to win every single time it would be a very boring game.
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It seems some people are confused by my use of the word 'rules'. So let me clarify this: there are two kinds of 'rules' in chess:
1. the rules of how the pieces go and who has to make a move, etc. for example: the rook can only go straight (never in a diagonal) etc.
2. the rules which makes one win games, for example: in the opening, one should try to castle and develop pieces, in the endgame one should try to activate the king, in the theoretical endgame of KR vs. K the lone king should be driven to the edge and then to the corner, etc.
In most of my article, I'm talking about the *second* kind of rules. So when people draw my attention to the fact that chess is a game goverened by man-made rules, of course this is true, but in principe it's only true for the *first* kind of rules, not for the second. The second kind of rules is discovered by experience and by evidence. My article is about the question whether a second kind of rule exists for the initial position of the game of chess, and whether there's a solution to the entire game of chess. I hope this clarifies some issues.
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First off, chess is a man made game, while an interesting slimily, it is not the universe. We have set rules for it, which are established before the game is played. However, because of the way human minds work, because we are prone to mistakes, and because we are trying out wit one another and being forced to respond to certain moves, it throws in there the aspect of chaos, in which it is impossible to predict every move of the game before it has been played out. The only way you could do this is to know the minds of both players and how they would respond to what. And even that might change on a whim, because unlike computers, we are not grounded in making the moves which we are programmed to.
Chaos is one of those funny theories where things just flat out get strange. have a line that splits into two, and each of those into two, and eventually you'll reach chaos, but give it enough time to run and order will pop out of it, three lines, before returning to chaos.
The universe was not predestined or preprogrammed to do anything. Not to make Earth, not to make humans. There were no laws that were set into place before hand that says X has to happen. The universe was not ordered to make us... Everything in the universe ordered itself to that universe. The universe is not tuned to fit us, but we are tuned to fit the universe. So on and so forth.
There are some basic laws, that came into being after the universe started, things that direct the movement of other things, of partials and interactions, but there are always exceptions and always extreme cases where the rules get bent or broken. Rules on top of rules on top of rules, this, but not this, and sometimes this, but only if this. And there is a fair chance we won't ever get to the end of figuring out the full extent of all the rules.
However, that does not mean we should stop our study, as Davies suggests. Just because we may never understand fully, does not mean that it is a pointless search. There is things to be discovered along the way and it is impossible to say that in the future, we will never discover what it is.
Chaos is a wonderful thing and we see little hints of it here and there in life. Cars on a highway, the line at IHOP in the morning, a game of chess, and so on. But just because we think they are confusing or that the formulas are long and mess does not make it fruitless. Nor, does it make it a religion and Davies is a bigger fool for suggesting that scientists would ignore evidence if it suggested something else.
As a little side note, I really hate hearing that. That science must be a religion because science prescribes to certain things and doesn't think that another theory is valid because it goes against the original. Sorry people, that's not how it works.
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The starting position of the game is an ordered universe unto itself. It is able to be infinitely dissected and rearranged depending on what each side of the board chooses.
This is order leading to chaos?¢'Ǩ¬¶leading back to order? It is possible that chess is both random and formulaic underlining what perfect play means, God only knows.
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6 years 11 months ago
My position is that there are two levels of 'reality'.
The first one (level 1) is the 'material' level so in terms of physics, this is the level of the particles, clusters of particles etc. On this level everything is governed by the mindless processes that are governed by the physical laws. In chess terms, this level is the level of the chess rules.
The second level (level 2) is what we experience as 'human understanding'. We 'see' structures and consciously 'understand' that these are trees, stars, animals, human beings. Also we (try to) 'understand' how the laws of nature work and describe those in mathematical terms. In chess terms, on this level we 'understand' chess, how to mate the king in a R+K against K endgame, how to play against the IQP etc.
Now if you are still with me: computers play 'chess' on level 1. Maybe some day they could play the game perfectly, blindly following the rules of the game ending in a forced draw or a forced win for either color. No 'understanding' is required at all on this level for the computer to play a perfect game.
Now level 2. Could humans on level 2 'understand' the perfect game played on level 1? I would say, very unlikely. Even the table base 5 piece rook endgames are extremely hard to 'understand' (see Dr Nunn's excellent book). We would just have to accept that white mates in 535 moves with perfect play by black. Nevertheless there is no randomness at all in a perfect chess game. It is fully determined, starting from the initial position, by the rules of the game and the goal to mate the enemy King.
On the level of the universe, this 'understanding' will be flat impossible. No matter what brilliant concepts we have invented to describe the laws of nature, with quantum mechanics, relativity, string theory etc: these are only crude human approximations of reality.
Fortunately, on our level 2, we can still experience the human feeling of beauty by looking at the equation e to the power of i times pi = -1, or by playing the endgame Kramnik - Eljanov, Wijk aan Zee 2008.
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Interestingly Nigel Short commented on the new generation computer watching at Nepo's game. Nepo broke every rule (grabbing 3 pawns, did not develop, moved all his kingpawns up and castled kingside aftwards); ony engines would be positive about this, but humanly the position is impossible to defend afterwards!
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If I may say, the problem in your article is that you consider maths as the "language of truth", so to speak. As you quote in your examples, "E=MC?Ǭ?" and such should be the purest expression of "order".
But as a matter of fact, modern epistemology has revealed that our science entirely relies on different paradigms, or, as we would say "chesswise", on different patterns. In other terms, we now know that a lot of the most precise works in nowaday's physics or mathematics only "function" in this or this paradigm - but that a change of paradigm would make most of this work entirely irrelevant. For example, to put it in a simle way quanta physics is, to some extent, incompatible with thermodynamic, but both helps us to understand various aspects of our reality : they become most helpful tools.
Now with chess, I think we find ourselves in more or less the same scheme of thinking : I think there is no ultimate truth from the starting position, but that we may one day reach the ultimate truth of different patterns, each pattern forming a completely independant system from another.
So, to answer your question, wouldn't chess be a game in which our rationality feeds on chaos to achieve its goals ?
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6 years 11 months ago
Interessant artikel!
Allereerst denk ik dat Paul Davies gewoon een goed punt heeft omdat in elk wetenschappelijk systeem aannames worden gedaan die niet door dat systeem formeel kunnen worden bewezen. Dus als Myers zegt dat hij iets aanneemt zoals het komt, berust dit al gelijk op een aantal aannames (dat er iets is, dat hij iets waarneemt, dat hij daar waarde aan kan toekennen etc.). Bij religie is het aantal en het belang van onbewijsbare aannames veel groter dan bij de meeste vormen van wetenschap, maar dat beide berusten op een hoeveelheid aannames lijkt mij evident.
Ik denk dat je de orde in de natuur (die soms met zeer elegante formules te beschrijven is) niet direct kunt toepassen op een menselijk spel, dat uiteindelijk berust op berekeningen en 'vooruitdenken'. Het menselijk inzicht hierbij is beperkt, dus zal er een grens zijn aan het begrijpen van systemen en oplossingen van bijvoorbeeld eindspelen. De computer daarentegen zal door brute rekenkracht van steeds ingewikkelder wordende systemen de perfecte afloop kunnen bepalen, maar van begrijpen is dan mijns inziens geen sprake.
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@Raf, I have received comments like this before, but I think it misses the point. Of course it wasn't my intention to write a scientific article with 100% correct methodology. Rather, in my article I simply wanted to express some of my ideas about the issue of order and choas in chess, and explore the possibility that we can learn something about how to study and think about about chess from the way we study and think about the universe. And from the way leading scientists are thinking about these issues. So in fact, the possible difference between the finiteness of the universe and chess might actually emphasize the point I was trying to make, rather than refute it. I like to think of the comparison between chess and the universe not as a scientific concept, but as a possibly useful analogy to study some of the questions I described.
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Pepsi Vending Machines are located throughout Woodfield Mall to quench your thirst. Find a machine on the Lower Level by JCPenney, Sears, Lord & Taylor and Grand Court and on the Upper Level by JCPenney and Sears.
Wheelchairs (Complimentary)
Wheelchairs are available at Simon Guest Services. See Simon Guest Services for more information.
Enhanced Cellular Connectivity
This property features enhanced cellular connectivity that improves the signal strength and brings the cell phone tower inside of the mall.
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