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Java concurrency/multithreading using ExecutorService
Today i was reading about ExecutorService and found very interesting so posting this after long time. ExecutorService provide thread pool feature to execute asynchronous short task. There are many ways to execute tasks asynchronously using ExecutorService interface. Below are some of the ExecutorService classes that i used in my example:
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He kissed her on the forehead, Well you d better get used to it because after last night, I m lost He embraced her again, Now, I know you are everything my heart desires and I m never letting you go.
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I am terribly sorry to have learned of your father's passing. He released a deep sigh and ran his fingers through his dark hair in frustration, This just keeps getting better.
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Above methods creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed but it will reuse existing thread to improve the performance. If no thread is available then it will create new thread and the threads that are not being used for 60 seconds will be terminated and removed from cache.
ExecutorService execService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
Above methods creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads. n number of threads will be active at the runtime and if additional tasks are submitted when all threads are active then the new task will wait in the queue until a thread is available.
ExecutorService execService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Above methods creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating off an unbounded queue. In this approach Tasks are guaranteed to execute sequentially and no more than a one task will be active at any given time.
Hudson Build Automation and Continuous integrations tools
Hudson is nice continuous integration tools for automated testing and deployment...they have plugins for almost everything and they all are ready use...Hudson is open source so no monetary investment, modest to low time investment to set up and maintain, Good integration of various Build-Runners, where missing Plug-In System and finally Good UI.
See the detail on http://hudson-ci.org/
Axis2 username/password Authentication
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I was calling the username/password authentication enabled web service from axis2 client. To pass the username and password to request header I was looking for solution and found many ways to pass username and password to header like rampart, OMElement using java code:
Below is some code snippet that shows how to pass username and password to service call:
JAAS Authentication for Web-Application with Jboss and enable SingleSignOn
A few days ago I was proposed to develop a POC for JAAS Authentication for Web-Application with jobs. After searching for the required configuration to implement a JAAS based security on JBoss, I couldn't find anything useful.
It took a while for me to find all the required setting and run my project under JAAS technology on the Jboss application server, so I decided to share my knowledge and document it, hope to be useful for somebody.
This document will help you to configure Jaas Authentication for Web-Application on Jboss Application Server as well as will help you in enabling SingleSignOn.
Below are the steps to configure jaas Authentication for Web-application on jboss:
Step-1: Define a new application policy in login-config.xml (C:\Software\jboss-4.2.3.GA\server\default\conf\login-config.xml)
To define an application policy, you need to modify login-config.xml to add the application policy: Below is the example policy.
<application-policy name = "web-console">
<login-module code="org.jboss.security.auth.spi.UsersRolesLoginModule"
flag = "required">
<module-option name="usersProperties">props/web-console-users.properties</module-option>
<module-option name="rolesProperties">props/web-console-roles.properties</module-option>
Single Sign On (SSO) using JBoss and SAML
In this article I am going explain SSO and how to setup SSO in JBoss.
Single Sign On (SSO) is a specialized form of user authentication that enables a user to be authenticated once, and gain access to resources on multiple systems/web applications during that session.
The JBoss SSO framework is combination of three components:
1. Federation Server
2. Token Marshalling Framework
3. Identity Connector Framework
Following are the steps to setup JBoss SSO:
Step-1: Installation
Download JBoss from here : Download
Unzip/Untar the distribution on your machine e.g.: C:/jboss
Download JBoss Federated SSO from here : Download
Unzip/Untar the distribution on your machine egg C:/Jboss Federated SSO
Copy the jboss-sso.sar and jboss-federation-server.ear file from the C:/Jboss Federated SSO /components/jboss_federation_server*/bin directory to the deploy directory of your JBoss Application Server
Spotlight on Next Big Thing: Cloud Computing
I have been following cloud computing for quite some time. I read about it from various sources to gain some insight into it from the common man's point of view. Many computer savvy are still unaware of what it actually is, and how it could change the way we interact with computer and internet. Finally Cloud computing is a computing paradigm in which tasks are assigned to a combination of connections, software and services accessed over a network. The network of servers and connections is collectively known as "the cloud". Or we can say cloud computer is internet-based computing device.
Many computer pundits predict that it will be the next big thing in the digital revaluation.
Applications in the cloud: this is what almost everyone has already used in the form of gmail, yahoo mail, the rest of google apps, the various search engines, wikipedia, etc
Platforms in the cloud: this is the newest innovation where an application platform is offered to developers in the cloud. Developers write their application and then upload their code into the cloud where the app is run magically somewhere, typically being able to scale up automagically as usage for the app grows. Example: Mosso, Google App Engine, etc
Infrastructure in the cloud: this is the most general offering that Amazon has pioneered and where RightScale offers its management platform. Developers and system administrators obtain general compute, storage, queueing, and other resources and run their applications with the fewest limitations. This is the most powerful type of cloud in that virtually any application and any configuration that is fit for the internet can be mapped to this type of service.
Here i am providing some other useful hints for developers who considering the EC2 service:
1. "Before spending too much time configuring and customizing an AMI, find one that suits your needs from the start so you won't have to redo any work later on down the road. Check out the list of public AMIs in Amazon's resource center for something that is more suitable for your needs"
2. "When packaging up your own image using the 'ec2-bundle-vol' command, make sure you specify a clean folder using the '–d' flag otherwise bundling the same image twice will result in an error due to the conflicting sets of temporary files."
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The train pulled to a stop and he stood back while a familiar man boarded the train with a woman.
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He figured that she d bum a ride with Miriam into town.
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4. "If a machine is terminated, all your data will be lost except for what was backed up from the last time you ran an 'ec2-bundle-vol'"
If you have any query/suggestion please feel free to write a comment on this blog.
Technical Spotlight on SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)
Well now a day all big organizations/executives have been talking about SAO as a buzzword (For one thing, it's three word) and SOA enabled Architecture. Here I am sharing my learning and experience from SOA…
SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) is an application development methodology that leverages lightweight, well-designed "Services" (The means by which the needs of a consumer are brought together with capabilities of a provider). In other words: SOA is a style of building distributed systems that enables business integration using services as building blocks or It is a thought process and methodology of decoupling IT assets – Software and hardware – from business processes. We can say SOA is a business-driven IT architectural approach that supports agile, innovation and optimization.
Building blocks of SOA:
· Business level Services
· Infrastructure level services
· Services Management
· Security
· Services Directory
Earlier SOA used DCOM or ORB based on CORBA specifications and recent SOA stresses on web services using standard description (WSDL), discovery (UDDI) and messaging (SOAP). Services oriented architecture may or may not use web services but yes web services provide a simple way towards service oriented architecture.
Service-oriented architecture
Services is a unit of work done by service provider to achieve desired business for a service consumer
Service provider is the individual or organizations who create the service and publish that in service directory (Registry)
Service Directory is a well-known directory of available services. It registers available services and making them easily accessible for multiple reuses.
Now what should be the characteristics of a "Service" and which characteristics that define the "service"? Service should have Syntax, Semantics, QoS and Business Traceability. Below are the lists of characteristics of a "Service":
· Well defined interface
· Modular
· Stateless
· Connectionless
· Coarse grained
· Location transparent
Here is the list of design principles that drive SOA:
1. Modularity
2. Encapsulation
3. Loose coupling
4. Separation of Concerns
5. Compos ability
6. Single Implementation
Loose coupling is a type of coupling that describes how multiple computer systems, even those using incompatible technologies, can be joined together for transactions, regardless of hardware, software and other functional components. Or By decoupling from platform, protocol, location and language using interface based assembly.
SOA resolves four important dependencies that are:
· Platform Dependence
· Location Dependence
· Implementation Dependence
· Information Format Dependence
Benefits of SOA:
Service-oriented architectures offer the promise of business agility and resilience through reuse, loose coupling, flexibility, interoperability, integration and governance. These are realized by separating service description from their implementations, and using this descriptive metadata across the service life cycle.
· Increased business responsibilities and agility
· Ability to transcend organizational boundaries
· Reduces product development cycle times
· Exposes commodities in business processes
SOA Governance: Governance is the overarching accountability framework that supports an organization's strategies and objectives by encouraging desired behaviors that add value and which provides control mechanism to ensure compliance.
"Governance is about tracking all the rules and monitoring events around them to ensure that service-oriented architecture works the way it's supposed to" says Daryl Plummer, a Gartner managing VP.
We should address following technical issues while designing SOA:
1. Interoperability
2. Loose Coupling
3. Location transparency
4. Modular issues
5. Reuse focus
6. Integration issues
7. Granularity
8. Application assembly to model business process
9. Intra company solutions using existing components
10. External integration solutions using web-services
Service Modeling Techniques:
· Top down approach
· Bottoms up approach
· Middle-out approach
I will keep writing about SOA and other learning and experience. You can write you valuable comment over it.
Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) and Spring
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Lucas waited until the car door was closed before he addressed Elsa, What is bothering you? When you re married, we can include you, Esther replied, shooing her away with her hand.
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AOP is all about adding aspects to your code. So what are aspects? The code that we apply on Cross Cutting Concerns. Then what is Cross Cutting Concerns? Aspect, Jointpoint, Pointcut, Cross Cutting Concerns, Advice etc are the frequently used word in AOP world. AOP decomposes a system into concerns, instead of objects.
Aspect: It's like a general feature you want to apply globally to your application like logging, exception handling, transaction management, performance management etc. It is also called Cross Cutting Concerns.
Advice: It is a piece of code/logic for implementing your advice.
Joinpoint: A single location in the program where an advice is applied like method invocation, constructor invocation etc.
Pointcut: A pointcut is set of Joinpoint where an advice is applied. In Spring set of method invocation is called Pointcut. There are different types of pointcut in spring like Regular Expression Pointcut, Attribute Driven Pointcut, and Dynamic Pointcut etc
Targets/Target Objects: The objects you want to apply an aspect or set of aspects.
As per me advice is very similar to Decorator. You can implement an advice by implementing org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodIntercept interface of spring. The MethodInterceptor interface is actually a child of the org.aopalliance.intercept.Interceptor interface, which is a child of another interface org.aopalliance.aop.Advice. In spring we generally use method interceptor. That is designed for method-invocation style advice. The MethodIntercept is really simple
public interface MethodInterceptor extends Interceptor {
Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable;
Basically, when you write an advice for intercepting a method, you have to implement one method - the invoke method, and you are given a MethodInvocation object to work with. The MethodInvocation object tells us a bunch of stuff about the method that we're intercepting, and also gives a hook to tell the method to go ahead and run.
public class LoginInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(methodInvocation.getClass());
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
Object[] args = methodInvocation.getArguments();
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Beginning method: " +
methodInvocation.getMethod().getDeclaringClass() + "::" +
if (null != args) {
logger.debug(" with arguments: " + args.toString());
} else {
logger.debug(" with no arguments");
} else if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Beginning method: " + methodInvocation.getMethod().getDeclaringClass()
+ "::" + methodInvocation.getMethod().getName());
Object retVal = methodInvocation.proceed();
return retVal;
} finally {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Ending method: " + methodInvocation.getMethod().getDeclaringClass() + "::" +
logger.info("Method invocation time: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) + "
XML configuration for above interceptor is given below:
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Michael was shocked at the fact that the two expressions of the men took on amusement at three guns aimed them. Jason walked a few feet ahead of Lucas with the other six covering his back when they approached the two Vampires outside the door.
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He reached into his bedside table drawer and pulled out a black velvet box.
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<bean id="myLogger" class="com.example.LoginInterceptor"/>
<bean id="studentService"
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I know you are going to make her one of you.
He looked at her for a moment, Why do you put up with her? When she ran out in front of the Semi, something in him snapped.
He d anticipated getting back on the train, but now he dreaded it.
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Much to her chagrin, the cross she d been searching for was wrapped up in the blankets.
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<property name="target"><ref local="studentServiceTarget"/></property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
Spring has multiple alternatives to the basic MethodInterceptor , however, (which is referred to in the Spring documentation as an 'around' advice) so that if you want to do more specific things, you can with less complication - these extensions come in the form of Spring-specific extensions to the Advice interface (siblings to the MethodInterceptor interface), and they include:
· org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice - Implementations of this interface have to implement this before method:
void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable;
· org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice - This interface's method will be called on the return from the invocation of a method. Implementation of this interface have to implement this afterReturning method:
void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable;
· org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice – Implementation of this interface havt to implement this afterThrowing method:
void afterThrowing([Method], [args], [target], [some type of throwable] subclass)
Below are hierarchy of Advice class:
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Why do you not give it a go? he suggested mildly, rekindling her ire. She tried to excuse the marks in any possible way, but one reason held fast in her mind.
In above article I have given only basic information about AOP.
Reference Material:
· http://static.springframework.org/spring/docs/1.2.x/reference/aop.html.
· Spring in Action by Craig Walls, Ryan Breidenbach: this is the best book I have read on Spring (and yes I read this entire book).
Inversion of Control (IOC)/ Dependency Injection (DI) / Spring
The basic concept of the Inversion of Control pattern (dependency injection) is that programmers don't need to create your objects but describe how they should be created. Don't directly connect components and services together in code but describe which services are needed by which components in a configuration file. A container (in the case of the Spring framework, the IOC container) is responsible for all this. In a IOC scenario, the container creates all the objects, connects them together by setting the necessary properties, and determines when methods will be invoked. The implementation pattern types for IOC used by SpringFramework are as follows:
Ø Dependencies can be assigned through JavaBeans properties (setter methods).
Ø Dependencies are provided as constructor parameters and are not exposed as JavaBeans Setter propertiSes.
Spring IOC Container
Big advantages I have seen with inversion of control, that we don't directly connect with services but we configure that. Now this is really gaining momentum as of late, is the adoption of the Spring Framework as an alternative to Java EE. I think that this started because J2EE was so complicated and heavy-weighted that companies sought new and innovative solutions. Spring provides the ability to access data objects as Plain Old Java Objects (POJOs) and includes support for database connection pools, transaction management, and so forth. This means that you can effectively build a scalable enterprise application without Java EE. And as Java EE evolved into its more manageable form, many developers continued to appreciate all that Spring provided them and had no desire to switch back.
As an enterprise developer you should be familiar with the concept of Inversion of Control (IoC) and Dependency Injection, and Spring specifically. Whether you decide to embrace Java EE and EJB 3.0 or develop your applications with Spring, you should at least understand the theory.
Book Recommendations:
· Spring in Action by Craig Walls, Ryan Breidenbach: this is the best book I have read on Spring (and yes I read this entire book).
First Post
What a feeling damn excited about finally getting down to pen my first blog……Doesn't take much to excite this enthu cutlet, I guess : )
Was wondering why a simple thing like starting off a blog could get me so pumped up and a little bit of soul searching…..It's been planned long time back… but due to time constraint and work enthu didn't… one day my friend Nishat Saini told why don't you start bogging…and same day I started…rolling the ball (blog articles) to share the experience that I had with various open source products/technologies, architecture, and design. In my blog I will also target latest technologies (related to Java/J2ee) like Web-Services, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Cloud Computing, Spring, Hibernate etc… for beginners as well as ….
As when I run into problems I refer to my companion GOOGLE which seems to friend for almost every IT guy. There are countless blogs out there for any particular topic, but which one is the best? Some of them can lead to resolution of problem you have and sometimes it may take weeks to unravel the mystery. So each blog has a unique problem and unique solution and the answer to your problem might be aggregation of these various blogs.
I will try to put sample programs, pictures and diagrams to explain my thoughts about technologies. I always believe, sample programs, pictures and diagrams speak better than words. If any one interested to ask any question, feel free to post a comment on this article and I'll answer it as soon as I could.


text:
News about Gold, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Chronology of Coverage
Aug. 30, 2014
Landslide in Nicaragua traps at least 24 gold miners inside cave that is believed to be about 165 feet below the surface. MORE
Jun. 19, 2014
David W Dunlap Building Blocks column; statue of William Tecumseh Sherman in Central Park is to undergo further repair; 24-foot-high equestrian monument had recently been regilded with 1,200 square feet of 23.75-karat gold, at cost of $500,000, but gold is not adhering properly and needs to be redone. MORE
May. 5, 2014
A judge met with lawyers who have filed lawsuits contending that gold prices are manipulated. MORE
May. 5, 2014
Odyssey Marine Exploration begins excavation of SS Central America, ship that sank off coast of South Carolina in 1857 while carrying vast trove of gold; effort by private company follows decades of legal battles between claimants, insurers and investors who say they were duped by Thomas G Thompson, man who discovered ship in 1988; businessman Ira O Kane has been appointed to recover as much gold as possible. MORE
Feb. 26, 2014
Northern California couple out walking their dog on their property stumbles across $10 million in rare gold coins buried in the shadow of an old tree; nearly all of 1,427 coins, dating from 1847 to 1894, and are in uncirculated, mint condition. MORE
Jan. 3, 2014
Indonesian villagers, spurred on by soaring gold prices, are using mercury to process gold ore from small-scale mines; dangerous trend has been fueled by the illegal import of vast quantities of mercury, creating what analysts and activists say is an environmental and health crisis. MORE
Dec. 23, 2013
Paul Krugman Op-Ed column notes parallels between the gold standard for currency and Bitcoin; contends allure of both is based on an unreasonable fear of inflation and a distrust of government. MORE
Nov. 1, 2013
As the latest collections show, the metal beloved by pharaohs, Ghanaian kings and Secessionist painters alike still retains the power to hypnotize us. MORE
Aug. 6, 2013
Study in journal PLoS One reports that researchers have discovered way to stop blood from clotting and then make it clot again using infinitesimal particles of gold; discovery has potential to greatly improve surgical procedures. MORE
Aug. 6, 2013
Dennis Overbye Out There column traces history of notion that life and elements on earth are composed of same matter as stars; draws connection between one of earth's lowliest life forms, the dung beetle, the exalted element gold and the greater cosmos. MORE
Jul. 28, 2013
N Gregory Mankiw Economic View column observes that as a long-term investment, gold has offered small overall returns with high volatility; contends, however, there is still an argument for keeping a sliver of it in a portfolio. MORE
Jul. 7, 2013
Anxieties about the economy have waned, hurting gold prices; prices fell 25 percent in second quarter, to roughly $1,200 an ounce, lowest level in three years; lack of clarity on recovery's momentum is also dogging the metal; mutual funds specializing in mining stocks lost 34.5 percent on average. MORE
Jun. 30, 2013
China's rural Shanglin County is hit hard as Ghana cracks down on gold mines run by peasants from county, many of whom had taken on enormous debt to fund business; residents of area feel betrayed by Chinese government, which encouraged mining ventures and then failed to provide support when things went wrong. MORE
Jun. 11, 2013
At least 169 Chinese gold miners in Ghana have been rounded up by the government, accused of sneaking into the country and overstaying visas to illegally mine one of Africa's richest gold fields; mass roundups, which are spurred on by popular resentment toward Chinese miners, are threatening Ghana's important economic relationship with China. MORE
Jun. 1, 2013
Kyrgyzstan government declares state of emergency in remote northern district after police officers used tear gas and stun grenades to disperse protesters threatening to seize the country's largest gold mine; 55 people, including 13 police officers, are injured in clashes. MORE
May. 23, 2013
Geologists discover large gold mine in region of Xinjiang, China, vast area that Chinese leaders are exploiting for its natural resources; mine is near Kazakh border and is believed to have gold reserves of at least 53 tons, which is worth about $3.2 billion. MORE
May. 14, 2013
In the midst of the premieres, the AIDS research nonprofit hosts a swanky benefit dedicated to the precious metal. MORE
Apr. 19, 2013
Floyd Norris High & Low Finance column examines history of investment in gold, noting that it holds an irrational attraction for investors who distrust currency valuation in era of central banking; contends that factual analysis shows that gold is a commodity much like any other. MORE
Apr. 15, 2013
Paul Krugman Op-Ed column argues rapid expansion and implosion in value of bitcoins, online currency, demonstrates society's irrational mistrust of traditional money; draws parallel between those who invest in bitcoins and those who invest in gold. MORE
Apr. 12, 2013
Paul Krugman Op-Ed column contends claim that runaway inflation is imminent is largely responsible for surge in people investing in gold; predicts investment in gold will continue, despite fact that it is not especially sound investment, because it is rooted in political prejudice. MORE
Apr. 11, 2013
Gold has lost 17 percent of its value since 2011, remarkable turnabout for investment that many have regarded as one of the safest of all; decline has been so swift that some analysts are declaring the end of golden age of gold, saying it is losing its allure after 650 percent rally from 1999 to August 2011. MORE
Mar. 30, 2013
Huge landslide buries 83 workers at gold mine in western China, setting off frantic rescue effort; government says more than 1,000 rescue workers have been mobilized to stabilize area and search for victims. MORE
Jan. 18, 2013
Op-Ed article by environmental scholars Nathan K Lujan, Devin D Bloom and L Cynthia Watson warns that reality television shows about gold mining gloss over most awful truths about such mining and its water pollution, particularly as it is practiced in tropics. MORE
Jan. 17, 2013
Two-thirds of Germany's gold reserves is stored in Paris, London and New York, with nearly half in New York; German central bank, responding to public outcry over accountability, is set to repatriate 300 tons; goal is to house more than 50 percent of German gold in Bundesbank vaults by 2020. MORE
Jan. 14, 2013
Canada's Eldorado Gold Corp hopes to open gold mine and plant within two years in Ierissos, Greece, and has reopened other mining operations in area; new mining operations in are seen by many Greeks as symbol of their country's willingness to accept any economic development, regardless of environmental cost, and projects have sparked public outcry. MORE
Jan. 3, 2013
Mendrisio Journal; Mendrisio, Switzerland, is home to three of world's four major gold refineries and has become one of largest wine-growing regions in country; city's gold and wine production have fed prosperity that contrasts sharply with slump in surrounding regions, most notably northern Italy. MORE
Dec. 16, 2012
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Calculating the % variance explain
Mplus Discussion
Exploratory Factor Analysis
posted on Thursday, December 30, 1999 - 8:40 am
From the information given in the EFA output can I calculate % variance explained? If so, could you tell me how (or provide me with a reference)?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Thursday, December 30, 1999 - 11:14 am
The proportion variance explained in each observed variable can be obtained from the EFA output as 1 minus the residual variance. Some analysts also find it useful to consider how much of the variance in all the observed variables is due to a given factor - in a Varimax rotation you get this by using the sum of squares of the loadings in a given column.
posted on Sunday, January 02, 2000 - 7:29 pm
Dr. Muthen response on 12-30-99:
"Some analysts also find it useful to consider how much of the variance in all the observed variables is due to a given factor - in a Varimax rotation you get this by using the sum of squares of the loadings in a given column."
Dr. Muthen - Is the above describing how one would determine the % variance explained which is associated with a specific eigenvalues? If I am understanding your response so far, given the correlation between factors with the PROMAX rotation how can I calculate the % variance explained for each eigenvalue?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Monday, January 03, 2000 - 6:21 pm
Larry (please call me Bengt), yes in its extension this is related to eigenvalue issues. If we use Principal Component Analysis as an approximate method for doing factor analysis, a loading column (factor) sums of squares would be the eigenvalue. However, as Joreskog and others have emphasized (for instance in his nice Abt book chapter), the Mplus factor analysis methods, as opposed to PCA, attempt to reproduce correlations, not maximize variance, so the eigenvalues don't relate to the estimates in that simple fashion. With PROMAX, percent variance explained in the observed variables by a given factor is necessarily quite complex because the factors correlate. If I were to report variance explained by a factor, which I don't do, I think I would simply use the VARIMAX solution given that it is most often so close to PROMAX. Maybe others have other opinions.
Bill Farmer
posted on Wednesday, August 29, 2001 - 8:51 pm
In your response to Larry (the second one), you mention that you DON'T report the variance explained by each factor in an analysis. Why is this?
posted on Thursday, August 30, 2001 - 8:51 am
I am more interested in how much variance in a given observed indicator a factor contributes to. The contribution of a factor to all indicators depends on how many indicators of that domain that the investigator includes. But I guess for an established measurement instrument, where the indicators are predetermined, the overall variance contribution might be of interest; I just don't typically look at that.
posted on Friday, November 07, 2003 - 9:11 am
Is there a way to test whether the polychoric correlation is significantly different from zero or not? I realize that when I run the factor analysis between ordinal variables) the correlations that it prints out are polychoric and I would like to also report p-values with these.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Saturday, November 08, 2003 - 5:26 pm
If you ask for TYPE=BASIC, you will get the correlations and their standard errors. You can use the ratio of the correlation to its standard error to test the significance of the correlation.
posted on Monday, November 10, 2003 - 5:59 am
After we have the estimate and its standard error, we can create the ratio. However, we need to know the disribution of this ratio in order to perform a test. What is the distribution?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, November 10, 2003 - 6:05 am
Approximately z or t. You can use 1.96 as a cutoff for a two-tailed test with a p-value of .05.
posted on Sunday, March 21, 2004 - 1:11 pm
Hi Dr. Muthen
I am relatively new to M-Plus and have recently calculated an EFA using dichotomous variables. I am trying to compute the R-square value for each of the 3 factors that best represent the data, but am unsure of how to do so. I saw above that you can subtract the residual variance, but I remain a tad confused -- any suggestions you can offer would be most appreciated.
Thanks in advance
posted on Sunday, March 21, 2004 - 2:14 pm
Traditionally in EFA, researchers have been interested in two different variance-related descriptors. One is the counterpart to the regular R-square in regression and gives the proportion of the variance in an observed variable that is explained by the factors. This is the same as one minus the residual variance for the observed variable. Another is how much variance in all observed variables that a factor explains. With uncorrelated factors this is the sum of the squared loadings on that a certain factor divided by the number of observed variables. Having said this, note that the goal of factor analysis is not to explain variance but to explain correlation. This distinction was not made clear in some earlier factor analysis literature which was drawing on principal component analysis estimation.
posted on Wednesday, April 14, 2004 - 11:36 pm
I am a post gradute student at Addis Ababa University. I am working on learners' attitude towards error correction. I would like you to help me, in showing, how to use[calculate] factor analyisis in calculating factors related to attitude.
Thank you so much!
Meseret Teshome[AddisAbaba University]
meseret Teshome
posted on Wednesday, April 14, 2004 - 11:39 pm
I am a post gradute student at Addis Ababa University. I am working on learners' attitude towards error correction. I would like you to help me, in showing, how to use[calculate] factor analyisis in calculating factors related to attitude.
Thank you so much!
Meseret Teshome[AddisAbaba University]
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, April 15, 2004 - 8:09 am
This is a rather broad topic for this discussion board. If you go to www.statmodel.com, there are many references related to factor analysis.
Daniel E Bontempo
posted on Tuesday, October 05, 2004 - 7:47 pm
I am still a little unclear about calculating the % of varience explained. I did a 5 factor EFA on 95 categorical items. Most egienvalues range from +22 down to 0, and the last 11 or so range from 0 to -.95. I used WLSMV because a non-positivedefinite information matrix prevented WLS from running. I also plan some CFA analyses using WLSMV, so I choose WLSMV instead of the default ULS for the EFA.
I gather the negative eigenvalues act to prevent the total variance from being greater than 100%.
In an earlier reply, you mentioned summing the squared loadings in the VARIMAX rotation. Can I do this even though there are negative eighevalues? Will I get an inflated value for explained variance? I want to compare my work to prior EFA of the same instrument which used NOVAX and reported % of total variance explained?
Daniel E Bontempo
posted on Tuesday, October 05, 2004 - 8:41 pm
I get the following message when doing categorical EFA with the ULS estimator:
However, the solution does not have a strong resemblence to what I get with WLSMV. The eigenvalue range looks about the same, but the PROMAX correlation matrix is very different. Also a number of items jump factors or switch signs.
The WLSMV yeilds a factor structure that compares favorably to prior EFA work with this instrument. How should I think about these ULS vs WLSMV solution differences?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, October 12, 2004 - 4:34 pm
There are a couple of issues here. The eigenvalues are given for the sample correlation matrix. They are not involved in calculating the variance explained using the VARIMAX solution.
The differences you are seeing between ULS and WLSMV are likely due to the fact that the factors are coming out in a different order which has not meaning. Also, factor loadings changing signs have no significance if they all do this. Another reason ULS and WLSMV may be different could be related to the failure of your WLS run. If the weight matrix is not positive definite, the WLSMV solution may not be of high quality.
jasmine K.S
posted on Saturday, November 19, 2005 - 2:03 am
I am Jasmine K.S working as a lecturer and doing research on software resue, I have some factors to measure the success of software reuse in percentage format. How I will do factor analysis for these data?Please help me .
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Saturday, November 19, 2005 - 8:04 am
I would treat these as continuous outcomes. If you have very strong floor or ceiling effects, I would consider modeling that takes this into account.
Roisin O'Connor
posted on Wednesday, June 11, 2008 - 11:54 am
I am running an EFA with continuous data and am focusing on a 4-factor solution. I am using the MLM estimator (because of some skewness in my data) and am interested in the Varimax rotation output. I am not sure how to find two pieces of information in the MPlus output, these are: (1) the variance explained by each of the 4 extracted factors; (2) the extracted communalities.
I would appreciate some direction with this. I am not requesting anything specific other than residulas, so maybe I am missing a command.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, June 11, 2008 - 6:43 pm
(1) Variance explained in a set of variables by a factor is not given in Mplus. We have not been inclined to add this for 3 reasons. One is that factor analysis does not aim to explain variance but correlations. The other is that typically, oblique factors need to be extracted in which case the concept of variance explained by a factor is not clearcut. Variance explained also connects with Principal Component Analysis which is not factor analysis. But it might be of interest to look at the eigenvalues to get a descriptive picture of the drop in eigenvalues up to 4 factors - the percentage of total eigenvalues is sometimes reported. If you want variance explained in the Varimax case in Mplus you will have to add up the squared loadings in each factor column and divide by the number of items.
(2) The extracted communalities are 1 minus the estimated residual variances given in the output.
Roisin O'Connor
posted on Thursday, June 12, 2008 - 8:34 am
Thank you. This makes a lot of sense. I have run into another problem, however. I have missing data and it seems that the MLM estimator with Type=EFA and Missing data is not possible.
My rational for wanting to use MLM is that I go on to run a CFA with a separate data set and use MLR (because of the non-normality of the data). It would seem that I should be using a procedure at the EFA stage that is also robust to non-normality.
Q. Is it possible to run the EFA with Type = missing data and using an estimator robust to non-normality?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, June 12, 2008 - 12:29 pm
You can use MLR for both EFA and CFA. It is robust to non-normality.
Roisin O'Connor
posted on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 - 3:00 pm
When using MLR with EFA with Type=missing, I get an error saying that:
*** ERROR in Analysis command
Estimator MLR is not allowed with TYPE = EFA MISSING.
Default will be used.
Any thoughts?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 - 3:22 pm
It is allowed in the current version of the program. You must be using an old version.
Paul Tremblay
posted on Friday, July 04, 2008 - 4:00 pm
In EFA with a varimax rotation, is it normal for the rotated factors not to appear in order of magnitude. I calculated the % of variance explained by each factor after rotation and the first factor was the smallest followed, by the second and then the third. In SPSS, the order usually goes from largest to smallest not only before rotation but also after. How does Mplus decide which will be the first factor after rotation? Thanks,
Paul Tremblay.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Saturday, July 05, 2008 - 9:38 am
The order of the factors is indeterminate in EFA - there is no reason one order should be preferred over another. Percent variance explained is a principal component criterion, not a criterion for EFA model fit. In Mplus the order of the factors is a function of the optimization and has no interpretational meaning. You can rearrange the factor order any way you want for publication purposes.
Michelle Rasdale
posted on Thursday, October 21, 2010 - 3:27 am
Hi everyone,
What is regarded as a respectable amount of percentage variance? I need to know guidelines for small/medium/large amounts of percentage variance.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, October 21, 2010 - 2:12 pm
I don't know of any guidelines for this. I would check a regression book to see if this is covered.
Utkun Ozdil
posted on Friday, March 11, 2011 - 10:33 am
In a twolevel EFA with categorical variables MPlus uses GEOMIN rotation.
1) With correlated factors is it possible to calculate the percent of variance explained by each factor at both within/between levels?
2) Does the formula (add up the square loadings in each factor column and divide by the number of items) for VARIMAX rotation hold for GEOMIN?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, March 11, 2011 - 10:57 am
1. No, because the factors are correlated their contribution can't be disentangled.
2. No, Geomin is a correlated-factors rotation.
Marco d'errico
posted on Monday, June 20, 2011 - 2:27 am
Dear All,
just a quick information. I'm quite new at Mplus so don't blame me if I am asking the-same-old question.
I've done a EFA with 10 categorical vars (dummy) (one of which has really low variance); 4 factors fit well (Chi square 81.612; CFI 0.999; TLI 0.995; RMSEA 0.022; SRMR 0.030). But I have a strange result in the Factor Determinancies; F1 1.008; F2 5.695; F3 0.784 and F4 1.257. How is it possible that F2 determinance was so high?
Tks in advance
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, June 20, 2011 - 8:44 am
We no longer give factor determinacies for categorical items. You should use the PLOT command to look at information curves.
peter pitt
posted on Tuesday, June 28, 2011 - 1:43 am
I'm new at this, so I may be asking a stupid question here:
Above it was mentioned that, with EFA, the variance explained by a factor equals the sum of the squared loadings in the factor column divided by the number of items (in case of varimax rotation). I'm wondering, does the same hold for the ESEM case? So, when analyzing two groups with ESEM with the same loading structure for the two groups, do the factors then explain an equal amount of variance in each group?
Thanks a lot!
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, June 28, 2011 - 8:00 am
EFA and ESEM are identical unless ESEM uses covariates or includes other parameters like residual covariances. You can apply the variance explained to an orthogonal rotation in ESEM the same way as you do in EFA as long as the ESEM model is equivalent to the EFA model.
peter pitt
posted on Friday, July 01, 2011 - 1:29 pm
Dear Dr. Muthen,
Thank you for your comments, but I�m still struggling with some questions. Suppose I have analyzed two groups with multigroup exploratory factor analysis (multigroup ESEM) and I�ve found a 3 factor solution with the same loading matrix for both groups. Also suppose that the rotation is orthogonal. My questions now are: (a) does a specific factor from this 3 factor solution explain the same amount of variance in each group (and if so, does the variance explained by this factor equal the sum of its squared factor loadings)? Or, is this only the case if the unique variances are constrained to be equal for both groups? (b) How much variance does the factor explain overall, this is considering both data blocks as a single one by concatenating them? How can I calculate this overall amount of explained variance on the basis of the ESEM output?
I�m sorry to have disturbed you with all these questions, but I�m still struggling a bit to get a full understanding of multigroup EFA (ESEM).
Thanks a lot in advance!
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Saturday, July 02, 2011 - 8:25 am
First, note that explaining variance is not the goal of factor analysis, explaining covariance is.
Even if you have group-invariant factor loadings and uncorrelated factors, ESEM lets the factor variances differ from the unities that the reference (first) group has, so that will change the amount of variance explained by a factor. The residual variances only play a part if you are considering the proportion of variance, not the variance per se.
J.D. Haltigan
posted on Thursday, November 10, 2011 - 7:50 pm
Relevant to this thread: could one say (if a reviewer requests it) that prior to rotation, the % variance accounted for by the X factors was xxxx? I realize this is inconsistent with the goal of EFA in terms of reproducing correlations, but I am in a situation where a reviewer is requesting it....SPSS of course gives you above info (with the warning that you can not use SS of the rotated loadings to derive prop. var.). A lot of folks in dev. psych use PCA when indeed it would appear that EFA should be their choice and so points of difference are rampantly misunderstood.
Secondly, is reporting that percent of variance (prior to rotation at extraction) simply reporting the percent of variance explained as if one used an orthogonal rotation (i.e., Varimax)?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, November 11, 2011 - 11:10 am
This sounds outdated - like what is used in principal component analysis, where the sums of squares of loadings in a column is the variance explained by that factor/component. Before rotation. As we know, PCA is not FA - PCA is a biased, although reasonable, FA estimator. But in FA I would consider the sums of squares of loadings in a column taken from an orthogonal rotation such as the Varimax solution. I guess one can view it as a descriptive measure of the importance of the factor, although by no means a critical one, I think.
J.D. Haltigan
posted on Friday, November 11, 2011 - 12:06 pm
How is it that rotation changes the percent of variance accounted for in the factors? For example, in a Varimax rotation is it that depending on the location of the axes, certain manifest indicators have more of their variance explained by a given factor? The reason I ask is b/c rotation doesn't change model fit, but yet it does change how items load and the total percent of variance accounted for (at least in the case of varimax).
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, November 11, 2011 - 2:49 pm
Q1. Not "accounted for in the factors", but "accounted for by the factors".
Q2. Yes, different (orthogonal) rotations give different loadings for a factor and therefore changes the factor interpretation and the sums of squares of loadings for the factor.
True, rotation doesn't change fit to the correlation matrix. Which goes to show that percent variance accounted for by the factor is not a goal in FA.
chidi O
posted on Saturday, May 12, 2012 - 4:14 pm
Is it correct to interpret the following "eigenvalues for sample correlation matrix" (EFA) as e.g factor structure with 3-factors has eigenvalue >1?? Would this correspond to the scree plot?
eigenvalues for sample correlation matrix
1 2 3 4 5
___ _____ _____ _______ ________
11.583 1.699 1.167 0.745 0.621
I couldn't reproduce them manually.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Sunday, May 13, 2012 - 10:56 am
Yes and yes.
Giada Perazzi
posted on Wednesday, January 23, 2013 - 4:29 am
Dear Doctor Muth�n,
I am a graduated student from Catholic University of Milan and I am learning how to use Mplus. I am very sorry and I know that it could be a very simple question but I tried to read the forum without success. I am doing EFA on a tetracoric matrix of data from dichotomic items using Promax rotation and wlsmv (Muth�n, DuToit and Spisic, 1997). I have a satisfactory solution with 3 factors but I am not able to understand the variance explained by this solution. Could you help me please? I tried to ask to the software the remaining variance but I couldn't figure out how.
Thank you in advance.
Giada Perazzi
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, January 23, 2013 - 12:04 pm
Variance explained is a concept related to principal component analysis not factor analysis. In factor analysis, the objective is to reproduce the observed correlation matrix. For an orthogonal solution, variance explained can be computed as the sum of the squared factor loadings divided by the number of factor indicators.
posted on Monday, April 08, 2013 - 7:48 am
What a great thread. Pretty amazing this started almost 15 years ago and still has an incredible amount of information. Thanks for all you do.
posted on Tuesday, November 12, 2013 - 7:38 am
I am doing a EFA (Variamx rotation) for 14 dichotomous items, and WLSMV was selected. As there was no CFI reported in the output, is there anything I missed? or How could I get this?
Thank you very much.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, November 12, 2013 - 8:14 am
Please send the output and your license number to
so I can see why you did not get CFI.
Augustine Osman
posted on Friday, January 17, 2014 - 1:50 pm
Dear Dr. Muthen-- I have 2 quick questions about the typical output for the bifactor ESEM modeling. In particular, does the ESEM- bifactor give information about the proportion of variance accounted for by the general factor (g) and the variance accounted for by the specific [lower-order] factors? If so, where can I look in the output for these? Many thanks for consideration of this query—Sincerely, ---Augustine
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, January 17, 2014 - 2:51 pm
No, you have to compute those yourself from the estimated model parameters.
Augustine Osman
posted on Friday, January 17, 2014 - 3:06 pm
Many thanks for your response. I have been doing these manually but thought I could ask to be sure that I am not missing important parts of the mplus out.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, January 17, 2014 - 3:42 pm
Note also that bi-factor ESEM needs careful consideration. For instance, to get an identified model at least one item has to load on the general factor only and only the remaining items put on the ESEM factor list.
Yvonne LEE
posted on Monday, June 23, 2014 - 5:21 pm
I am doing SEM with WLSMV estimation due to the ordered categorical outcome indicator. 1. May I know how to calculate the proportion of variance explained by a specific variable /factor? So far, I know Rsquare in my case cannot be used for that. 2. How to interpret the 'estimate' of the indirect effect (standardised)? 3. How to compare the 2 indirect paths to see which has higher explanatory power? Sorry for my very basic questions.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, June 24, 2014 - 11:19 am
1.Proportion variance in a factor indicator explained by the factor is given by R-square in the standardized section of the output. Perhaps you refer to proportion variance explained for a set of observed variables like is sometimes done in EFA with uncorrelated factors (the sum of the squared factor loadings divided by the number of variables). If so, that is not really relevant in SEM where we don't try to explain variance but covariance and where the factors are typically not uncorrelated.
2. That's a long story - please see e.g. McKinnon's mediation book.
3. You can express the two indirect effects and their difference in Model Constraint.
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It's often called a brotherhood. No matter where they serve or which departments they're with, first responders, like police, fire and EMTs share a bond. A police officer killed in California Tuesday only spent a couple of years working in the North Country, but as our Brian Dwyer reports, in that time, he made a huge impact.
FORT DRUM, N.Y. -- From all accounts, if you were in need, Kevin Tonn would be the guy you wanted there to help.
"Bend over backwards kind of guy," Fort Drum Fire Captain Matt Woodward said. "He'll give you the shirt of his back. Real go getter and a great guy."
"Kevin was the right hand man," Tonn's friend Howard Robinson said. "He was always there when needed and even when he wasn't needed, he was always there."
He was needed Tuesday morning. As a K-9 officer, Tonn was investigating a burglary in California. One witness pointed out a possible suspect. Tonn questioned that person. A struggle broke out and Tonn was shot. The suspect then killed himself. Tonn died at a nearby hospital.
"He was truly a very nice man, very dedicated," Tonn's former Supervisor, Fort Drum Assistant Chief of Training George Massarotti said.
Shocking news on Fort Drum and in the North Country. Tonn began his career as a military police officer on Drum. In 2003, he joined Fort Drum's fire department. Serving until 2005, when he decided to go back home to California.
"Anytime you wanted to call upon him for anything, he'd be the first one to stop and say, 'I'll do it. Whatever it is, I'll do it.' Extra classes, extra work, extra training, he'd stand right up and do it," Massarotti added.
In addition to his duties on Fort Drum, Tonn also served as a volunteer in Philadelphia for the fire department and ambulance squad. It's that kind of dedication to community service that the folks who worked with him say will be his long lasting legacy.
"While Kevin was in our department, he did whatever he could. He went above and beyond the call of duty," Robinson said, adding that Tonn was really helpful with the Philly Fire Department's finances and grant writing.
"We're all a big family here," Woodward said. "We live together every other day. This is our second family and we treat each other that way. If it hurts one, it's going to hurt all of us."
Kevin Tonn was just 35.
If you're interested in sending condolences, you can do so to the address below, in care of Galt's Police Chief William Bowen:
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by Jeffrey N. Ross (RSS feed) on Dec 3rd, 2012 at 1:00PM
While most of the automotive world has been focused on The City of Angels for the LA Auto Show, BMW snuck in an opportunity to shoot its new 2014 3 Series Gran Turismo just a couple miles away from the LA Convention Center, and give us our first undisguised look at the upcoming hatchback. We've seen camouflaged test mules for the 3 Series GT in the past, and while we had expected the car to debut at the Paris Motor Show in September, it now sounds like the car will be revealed at the Geneva Motor Show in March. In what looks to be production trim shooting for a commercial (or some sort of... Read More


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McLaren have apologised to Red Bull after a problem with their engine control unit affected Mark Webber's start at the Australian Grand Prix.
Webber started second behind team-mate Sebastian Vettel on the grid at Albert Park on Sunday, but he went backwards when the lights went out at the season opener and was down in seventh place by the end of the first lap.
He eventually finished sixth and team principal Christian Horner revealed after the race that a problem with the ECU impacted the Australian's race.
"We lost all telemetry on the formation lap... that meant he [Webber] was blind for the start and that ECU issue shut the KERS down as well," Horner said. "So by the time we reset the whole system he'd lost ground at the start.
"It's something they need to get on top of because there has been a lot of issues during testing."
McLaren Electronics Systems, a division of the McLaren Group which supplies standard ECUs to all F1 teams as well as NASCAR and IndyCar, confirmed that a software problem contributed to Webber's woes.
"The electronic units themselves ran without incident in Melbourne, but there was a software-related issue that meant that Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing car's garage data system had to be re-started during the formation lap," a statement read.
"That disrupted his preparations for the start of the race, for which Mark and the team has our apology.
"We are working together with them to prevent any recurrence."
It added: "It is a very complex piece of equipment that controls the powertrain and DRS (drag reduction system) and acts as a car's primary data system."


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- Studio: History Channel
- DVD Release Date: June 17, 1997
The story of the O.S.S. penetration of Germany during World War II. So dangerous was the mission that even the intrepid British wouldn't attempt it.
For over 30 years, this story could not be told. It was locked deep in the C.I.A. vaults under a Top Secret stamp. Then Joseph Persico, collaborator on the blockbuster Colin Powell autobiography, MY AMERICAN JOURNEY, used the Freedom of Information Act to pry loose one of World War II's most thrilling sagas. He uncovered every hidden detail of daring OSS heroes who penetrated the heart of history's most ferocious police state.


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Biography: Admiral William "Bull" Halsey - Naval Warrior DVD
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- DVD Release Date: December 5, 1994
In the darkest days of World War II, he exhorted his troops to "Hit hard. Hit fast. Hit often." Once the American Navy was ready to fight, he oversaw some of the greatest victories in its history.
From his time commanding destroyers in World War I through his promotion to Admiral of the Fleet in 1945, this is the story of the man whose leadership inspired all those who fought with him and commanded respect from his enemies.
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BIOGRAPHY® presents the stirring life of a legendary warrior, a man whose legacy is defined in the minds and hearts of those who served him. In gatherings of WWII sailors to this day, the proudest of all are those who answer the traditional question "What ship were you on?" by saying, simply, "I was with Halsey."


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'this chair is great for feeding or just relaxing. It is spacious and would look great in any room. It...'
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'This chair is a great alternative to the £400+ chairs we'd seen in the big retailers. The quality may not...'
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'Really pleased with the chair. I was suffering with back ache from leaning forward when feeding my baby...'
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The art of seaside living.Read More >>
Holiday gifts from naughty to nice.Read More >>
By Carol Tisch 1 Fresh catch from the January gift fairs: just-introduced Mariposa serving bowls in recycled aluminum like Sea Border ($144) or Oceanus Starfish with aqua porcelain glaze ($159). White Egret, 10006 Gulf Drive, Anna Maria Island, (941) 778-3782. 2 Super bowls by superstar designers for Alessi include the stri-kingly simple stainless steel Ovale […]Read More >>


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Brizo 65436LF-PC Chrome Bathroom Faucet Vessel Single Handle with Metal Lever Handle from the Tresa Collection
Item #:
Offer Ends
Technical Specs
|Installation Guide
|Specification Sheet
|Approved for Commercial Use
|Connection Size
|Connection Type
|Country Of Origin
|Drain Assembly Included
|Eco Friendly
|Escutcheon Included
|Faucet Centers
|Faucet Hole Size
|Faucet Holes
|Faucet Type
|Bathroom Sink Faucet
|Flow Rate (GPM)
|Handle Material
|Handle Style
|Handles Included
|Installation Type
|Deck Mounted
|Low Lead Compliant
|Made in America
|Manufacturer Warranty
|5 Year Limited Commercial, Limited Lifetime Residential
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|Number Of Handles
|Overall Height
|Pop-Up Included
|Product Weight
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|Valve Type
|Ceramic Disc
|Water Efficient
|WaterSense Certified
Tresa Low Lead Compliant WaterSense Single Handle Vessel Bathroom Faucet with Metal Lever Handle
The design is reminiscent of a past era but the functionality is all about meeting modern needs. Spout features hidden water-efficient aerator. Mounts to 2" deck thickness; optional push button drain assembly or grid strainer available separately.
Faucet Features:
- Single handle lavatory deck faucet.
- Solid brass fabricated body.
- 6 3/4" (172 mm) long spout.
- 1 1/8" minimum - 1 1/2" maximum hole size.
- 30" inlet supply tubing with standard 3/8" compression fittings.
- Optional push button drain assembly (RP52487 or RP52488) available.
- Accommodates up to 2 1/2" deck thickness.
- Maximum flow rate 1.5 gpm @ 60 PSI.
- Control mechanism - 28 mm ceramic disc cartridge with metal stem.
Faucet Specifications:
- ADA Compliant: No
- Low Lead Compliant: Yes
- WaterSense Certified: Yes
- Overall Height: 15.75"
- Width: 2.5"
- Spout Height: 9.6250"
- Spout Reach: 6.75"
- Faucet Centers: 0
- Faucet Holes: 1
- Flow Rate (GPM): 1.5
- Product Weight: 6.525 lbs.
- Number Of Handles: 1
- Handle Style: Metal Lever
- Handles Included: Yes
- Drain Assembly Included: Yes
- Escutcheon Included: No
- Mounting Type: Vessel
- Valve Included: Yes
- Valve Type: Ceramic Disc
Brizo Faucet Technologies
- WaterSense: The WaterSense label signifies Brizo's commitment to working with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to encourage the efficient use of water and actively protect the future of our nation's water supply. WaterSense labeled faucets use 20% less water and perform as well or better than their less efficient counterparts.
- Water Efficient Product meeting CALGreen standards:
- Kitchen Faucets: Flow Rate of 1.8 gpm or 1.5 gpm versus Industry Standard ASME.A112.18.1/CSA.B125.1 of 2.2 gpm.
- Lavatory Faucets: Flow Rate of 1.5 gpm versus Industry Standard ASME.A112.18.1/CSA.B125.1 of 2.5 gpm.
- Showerheads and Handshowers: Flow Rate of 1.5 or 2.0 gpm versus Industry Standard ASME.A112.18.1/CSA.B125.1 of 2.5 gpm.
- Brilliance Finishes: Brizo Brilliance Finishes are designed to not corrode, tarnish or discolor for a "like-new" look for life. Through a process known as Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) finish molecules are embedded deep in within the surface of the faucet, creating a bond that is virtually indestructible with an incredibly reflective shine.
- CA/VT Compliant: Product that meet California AB 1953 and Vermont S152 requirements.
Additional Brizo Links
- View Manufacturer Warranty
- Shop All Brizo Products
- Shop All Brizo Tresa Collection Products
Our SKU: 65436LF
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Brilliance Polished Nickel
- Brushed Bronze
- Brushed Nickel
- Chrome
- Venetian Bronze
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
Product Reviews
Brizo is the leading manufacturer of luxury kitchen and bath faucets and accessories. Inspired by nature as well as technology; by art in addition to architecture; by the past as well as the future; Brizo truly is fashion for the home. However, they draw their greatest inspiration from the richest yet most elusive source of all : our dreams. This belief is evident in their huge selection of kitchen and bath collections that feature cutting edge innovations such as SmartTouch, MagneDock, and H2OKinetic Technologies; as well as their partnership with fashion designer Jason Wu. Brizo, where fashion forward meets forward thinking.
Brizo Tresa Collection
Tresa reunites us with the past by taking design elements from the earliest of European fountains. A simple bend in the neck and traditional styling provide the classic feel of these graceful structures. Tresa faucets are offered for both the kitchen and bath for those that want to have the complete traditional look throughout their homes.
Other Products In The Brizo Tresa Collection
Brizo 62936LF
High-Arc Bar Faucet from the Tresa Collection$391.43-$567.54(1)
Brizo 61136LF
High-Arc Kitchen Faucet with Side Spray from the T...$527.36-$764.64(1)
Brizo 65036LF
Bathroom Faucet Single Handle from the Tresa Collection$318.64-$462.13
Brizo 65338LF
Bathroom Faucet Double Handle Widespread with Meta...$398.70-$578.27(1)
Brizo 62536LF
High-Arc Bridge Kitchen Faucet with Side Spray fro...$535.57-$776.56(1)
Warranty Info
LIFETIME FAUCET AND FINISH LIMITED WARRANTY All parts and finishes of the Brizo® faucet are warranted to the original consumer purchaser to be free from defects in material and workmanship for as long as the original consumer purchaser owns their home. Delta Faucet Company recommends using a professional plumber for all installation and repair. Delta will replace, FREE OF CHARGE, during the warranty period, any part or finish that proves defective in material and/or workmanship under normal installation, use and service. Replacement parts may be obtained by calling 1-877-345-BRIZO (2749) or by writing: Delta Faucet Company Brizo Product Service 55 E. 111th Street PO BOX 40980 Indianapolis, IN 46280 BRIZO HELP LINE: 1?877?345?BRIZO (2749) E-MAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com This warranty is extensive in that it covers replacement of all defective parts and even finish, but these are the only two things that are covered. LABOR CHARGES AND/OR DAMAGE INCURRED IN INSTALLATION, REPAIR, OR REPLACEMENT, AS WELL AS ANY OTHER KIND OF LOSS OR DAMAGE ARE EXCLUDED. Proof of purchase (original sales receipt) from the original consumer purchaser must be made available to Delta for all warranty claims. THIS IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY BY DELTA FAUCET COMPANY, WHICH DOES NOT MAKE ANY OTHER WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY. This warranty excludes all industrial, commercial and business usage, of faucets whose purchasers are hereby extended a five-year limited warranty from the date of purchase, with all other terms of this warranty applying except the duration of the warranty. This warranty is applicable only to Brizo faucets manufactured after January 1, 1995. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. Any damages to this faucet as a result of misuse, abuse, or neglect or any use of other than genuine Delta replacement parts WILL VOID THE WARRANTY. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. It applies only to Delta faucets installed in the United States of America, Canada and Mexico.


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Rockwell's 1732E Slim ArmorBlock Ethernet/IP-Based, On-Machine Distributed I/O
- Category: Input/Output Systems
- Product Type:
- Manufacturer: Rockwell Automation
The new 1732E Slim ArmorBlock digital scheduled output module can schedule an output in 1 microsecond increments, and trigger multiple outputs at intervals of 100 microseconds. This is useful in motion applications where higher resolution of outputs is required. By using CIP Sync distributed time synchronization, it can register any axis position within the system accurately with a single time-stamp.


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Arizona Cardinals
Updated Nov 20, 2013 - 4:45 pm
Arizona Cardinals practice - Nov. 20
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Cardinals Audio
- Brock Huard, ESPN 710 Seattle host - Friday December 19Brock Huard believes Sunday's Cardinals-Seahawks game is going to be a brawl.
- Cardinals Indestructible Montage - Friday December 19A montage of 2014 Arizona Cardinals' highlights set to "Indestructible" by Disturbed.
- Danny O'Neil- ESPN 710 Seattle - Friday December 19Danny O'Neil describes the feeling in Seattle leading up to this weekend's game.
- Bickley Blast - Friday December 19This Sunday will be quite the spectacle, with the Cardinals taking on the Seahawks.
- Warren Moon, Seahawks radio analyst - Friday December 19What should the Cardinals expect to see from the Seahawks this Sunday?


text: The return of the great ones – and quite possibly the funkiest album ever from The Sugarman Three – a crowning achievement for this funky combo that we've loved for years! The core trio is still in place – soaring Hammond, tight tenor, and heavy drums – but they've also added in some extra help from the Daptone universe – which helps the group hit an ultra-funky sound here – one that's sharp-edged, no-nonsense, and a wicked blend of soul jazz and late 60s funk! There's still plenty of standout tenor solos from Neal Sugarman, and wicked organ lines from Adam Scone – but there's also a bit of added trumpet, and great Bosco Mann basslines – which really give the whole thing a heavy punch. The groove is much more stripped-down and hard-edged than the Dap-Kings – and burns with a fire that never lets up for a minute – proof that in a world of funky revival combos, some of the older act still do it best! Titles include "Mellow Meeting", "Dirty Water", "Rudy's Intervention", "Your Friendly Neighborhood Sugarman", "But It's Alright", "Witch's Boogaloo", "Brother T", and "Love Went Away". © 1996-2014, Dusty Groove, Inc.


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Diablo 3 launcher to be upgraded to Battle.net desktop client
Diablo 3′s launcher will soon be redundant, integrated fully into Blizzard's ever-improving Battle.net desktop client upon release of first expansion Reaper of Souls. A Battle.net announcement offers you the chance to get in early by downloading the client now, ahead of what is likely to be serious demand on launch day. Otherwise, the upgrade will […]0
Battle.net headlines
Battle.net parental controls to disable in-game purchases by default
Blizzard is introducing changes to its parental controls to help prevent guardians receiving unexpected bills.0
Battle.net & League of Legends services down, following DDoS attacks
Battle.net and League of Legends services have been taken down by DDoS attacks, following a similar assault on Steam and EA's Origin store.8
Hearthstone: Heroes of Warcraft major update detailed
Blizzard has detailed the contents of its upcoming major update to the closed beta build of Hearthstone: Heroes of Warcraft.0
Battle.net Authenticator may reset with iOS 7 update
If you haven't yet updated your iDevice to iOS 7, hold off a minute: there's a chance it could stuff up your Battle.net authenticator. To avoid any issues, follow these simple preventative steps recommended by Blizzard. I probably should have mentioned this to Pat an hour ago. We all know how he feels about his […]0
Battle.net universal launcher enters open beta
That battle.net launcher we've heard so much about, the one that makes it possible to log in to all your Bnet games at once and then not do it again for a month, has entered open beta today. What that means is that it works but they aren't going to force it on everyone just […]2
Blizzard updates Battle.Net desktop client page, new images surface
Blizzard seems to be making progress with its scarcely-discussed Battle.Net desktop client, as the studio has updated the app's support page, along with a big batch of debut UI and feature images.2
Who the devil..? Diablo III one-year anniversary infographic
An infographic depicting many statistics from Diablo III in the last year has been posted on the Battle.net site in celebration of the first anniversary of the game.1
Blizzard working on a new Battle.net client for OS-X
A new job ad suggests Blizzard is planning a "next generation Battle.net Desktop Client on OS X". That's probably only of interest to those of you with powerful enough office Macs to sneak in a few quick World of Warcraft quests between meetings, but it's interesting that it's described as a "next-gen" client. To enter […]0
Blizzard's Rob Pardo defends Jay Wilson on Diablo 3 forums
Blizzard chief creative officer Rob Pardo has told Diablo 3 players to stop blaming Jay Wilson for the game's troubles. This comes after the former game director saw his farewell post overrun with disgruntled comments.13
Diablo 3 1.07 patch is live on PTR
Blizzard has announced that Diablo 3′s much-anticipated 1.07 patch is now available on the Public Test Realm. Players can take part in the preliminary update by checking out this post on Battle.net.0
Blizzard calls authenticator suit "without merit", "frivolous"
Blizzard has stoutly denied any wrongdoing in response to a class-action lawsuit over Battle.net security and authenticators.2
Blizzard being sued over Battle.net security, "forceful" Authenticator purchases
Blizzard is being sued in a class action suit, filed last week, over "deceptively and unfairly" charging customers for Battle.net Authenticators to protect their private information from hackers.8
US Treasury: Games not "the focus of our sanctions"
World of Warcraft, Diablo and StarCraft are not the kinds of goods the US is hoping to keep out of Iran, a Treasury spokesperson has said in the wake of Battle.net's sudden unavailability.4
WoW and Battle.net service pulled from Iran due to US sanctions - Blizzard
Blizzard issued a response regarding the inability to access Battle.net or World of Warcraft servers from Iran. According to the post, the issue stems from applied US sanctions instead of government bans on specific content – although the latter is still true as well.25
World of Warcraft, Guild Wars among MMOs inaccessible from Iran - report
A number of MMOs have become inaccessible from inside Iran, apparently due to government bans on specific content.9
Diablo 3 Starter Edition now free-to-play for all
Diablo 3′s Starter Edition, a limited version of the action RPG which goes up to level 13 and the Skeleton King boss in Act I, is now available to everyone. The taster edition was previously restricted to those who were waiting for credit card purchases to be processed, or had received a guest pass from […]3
Catch up now: Battle.net hacked, BioShock wobbles, the rest of the overnight headlines
You were asleep. Now you're awake. Tons of stuff happened since you signed off yesterday, including a serious Battle.net hack. Get caught up with Brenna and myself in about three minutes by listening to the audio below.1
How Diablo 3 gave Metacritic a giant middle finger
Diablo III sold millions of copies with no pre-release reviews, and still has a low MC score. Does this prove Metacritic's irrelevance? It does for some games, says Patrick Garratt, and the time has come to break the mould.78
Free Android app monitors Diablo III server status
An app, which provides the current status of Diablo III's servers, has been released for Android through Google Play. Developed by Eluamous, creator of a similar app for World of Warcraft, the free app is ad supported and allows you to check the status of servers in Asia, Europe and the US without bothering to […]19
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Battle.net Latest
Diablo 3 launcher to be upgraded to Battle.net desktop client
Battle.net parental controls to disable in-game purchases by default
Battle.net & League of Legends services down, following DDoS attacks
Hearthstone: Heroes of Warcraft major update detailed
Battle.net Authenticator may reset with iOS 7 update
Battle.net universal launcher enters open beta
Blizzard updates Battle.Net desktop client page, new images surface
Who the devil..? Diablo III one-year anniversary infographic
Blizzard working on a new Battle.net client for OS-X
Blizzard's Rob Pardo defends Jay Wilson on Diablo 3 forums
Diablo 3 1.07 patch is live on PTR
Blizzard calls authenticator suit "without merit", "frivolous"
Blizzard being sued over Battle.net security, "forceful" Authenticator purchases
US Treasury: Games not "the focus of our sanctions"
WoW and Battle.net service pulled from Iran due to US sanctions – Blizzard
World of Warcraft, Guild Wars among MMOs inaccessible from Iran – report
Diablo 3 Starter Edition now free-to-play for all
Catch up now: Battle.net hacked, BioShock wobbles, the rest of the overnight headlines
How Diablo 3 gave Metacritic a giant middle finger
Free Android app monitors Diablo III server status
Battle.net World Championship detailed, 28 countries involved
Blizzard introduces BattleTags to Battle.net
Virtual wallet coming to Blizzard's Battle.net "in the weeks ahead"
Blizzard Arcade to replace Marketplace, monetise mods
PayPal for Diablo III and Battle.net announced by Blizzard
Preview your abilities early with the Diablo III Skill Calculator
Blizzard feels it failed with StarCraft II marketplace
No "specific timeline" for Battle.net Marketplace release, says Blizzard
Blizzard "struggling" but "working very hard" on Battle.net Marketplace
Blizzard adds dial-in account security tool option to Battle.net