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Infrared spectra in monitoring biochemical parameters of human blood
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Infrared spectroscopy is gaining recognition as a promising method. The infrared spectra of selected regions (2000-400cm-1) of blood tissue samples are reported. Present study related to the role of spectral peak fitting in the study of human blood and quantitative interpretations of infrared spectra based on chemometrics. The spectral variations are interpreted in terms of the biochemical and pathological processes involved. The mean RNA/DNA ratio of fitted intensities and analytical area as calculated from the transmittance peaks at 1121cm-1/1020cm-1 is found to be 0.911A.U and 2.00A.U. respectively. The ratio of 1659cm-1/1544cm-1 (amide-I/amide-II) bands is found to shed light on the change in the DNA content. The ratio of amide-I/amide-II is almost unity (?1.054) for blood spectra. The deviation from unity is an indication of DNA absorption from the RBC cells. The total phosphate content has found to be 25.09A.U. The level for glycogen/phosphate ratio (areas under peaks 1030cm-1/1082cm-1) is found to be 0.286A.U. The ratio of unsaturated and saturated carbonyl compounds (C=O) in blood samples is in form of esters and the analytical areas under the spectral peaks at 1740cm-1 and 1731cm-1 for unsaturated esters and saturated esters respectively found to be 0.618A.U.
Prabhakar, S.; Jain, N.; Singh, R. A.
Lipid peroxidation and biochemical parameters in umbilical cord blood of well-adapted term newborns
Lipid peroxidation (LPX) can play an important role in the development of pathological changes of foetal and neonatal tissues.\\u000a We investigated LPX and biochemical parameters in plasma from mixed umbilical cord (m.u.c.) blood and acid-base balance (ABB)\\u000a parameters in m.u.c. blood of well-adapted full-term newborns. LPX products were estimated as thiobarbituric acid reacting\\u000a substances (TBARS) and were expressed by using
Denisa Maceková; Gustáv Ková?; Jaroslav Hinšt; Branislav Illek; Jana Pere?ková; Želmíra Barošková; Branislav Líška
Modulation of specific biochemical blood parameters by helminth infection in laboratory Beagle dogs.
The objective of this study was to examine the independent effect of helminths infection on biochemical blood parameters in Beagles intended for laboratory use which may contribute to a change of experimental results. As a result of research, the authors confirmed the negative effect of helminth invasion on the metabolism of the liver and kidney in laboratory dogs. Stool samples from thirty Beagle puppies were examined for parasites before the puppies were moved to the animal facility, and all were dewormed with Vetminth paste on the day they were moved. Stool examination was performed three more times and animals were given Drontal Plus flavor (Bayer) and Baycox 5% (Bayer). A fourth parasitological examination revealed no intestinal parasites in the feces. Three blood biochemical tests were performed. Experimental results clearly indicate the significant impact of intestinal parasites in dogs used in experiments. PMID:22844719
Szweda, M; Szarek, J; Babi?ska, I; Sokó?, R; Ra?-Nory?ska, M; Ko?odziejska-Sawerska, A; Mecik-Kronenberg, T
The dynamics of blood biochemical parameters in cosmonauts during long-term space flights
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Most of the previously obtained data on cosmonauts' metabolic state concerned certain stages of the postflight period. In this connection, all conclusions, as to metabolism peculiarities during the space flight, were to a large extent probabilistic. The purpose of this work was study of metabolism characteristics in cosmonauts directly during long-term space flights. In the capillary blood samples taken from a finger, by "Reflotron IV" biochemical analyzer, "Boehringer Mannheim" GmbH, Germany, adapted to weightlessness environments, the activity of GOT, GPT, CK, gamma-GT, total and pancreatic amylase, as well as concentration of hemoglobin, glucose, total bilirubin, uric acid, urea, creatinine, total, HDL- and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides had been determined. HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio also was computed. The crewmembers of 6 main missions to the "Mir" orbital station, a total of 17 cosmonauts, were examined. Biochemical tests were carryed out 30-60 days before lounch, and in the flights different stages between the 25-th and the 423-rd days of flights. In cosmonauts during space flight had been found tendency to increase, in compare with basal level, GOT, GPT, total amylase activity, glucose and total cholesterol concentration, and tendency to decrease of CK activity, hemoglobin, HDL-cholesterol concentration, and HDL/LDL — cholesterol ratio. Some definite trends in variations of other determined biochemical parameters had not been found. The same trends of mentioned biochemical parameters alterations observed in majority of tested cosmonauts, allows to suppose existence of connection between noted metabolic alterations with influence of space flight conditions upon cosmonaut's body. Variations of other studied blood biochemical parameters depends on, probably, pure individual causes.
Markin, Andrei; Strogonova, Lubov; Balashov, Oleg; Polyakov, Valery; Tigner, Timoty
Effect of age and gender on some blood biochemical parameters of apparently healthy small ruminants from Southern Punjab in Pakistan
Objective To report and compare the hematological and serum biochemical profile of goat and sheep from Rahim Yar Khan district in Southern Punjab. Methods One hundred and twenty blood samples (98 goat and 22 sheep) were collected and their blood glucose, hemoglobin and serum biochemical parameters, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined by using spectrophotometer. Parameters were compared between goat and sheep. Results It was observed that glucose (P=0.001), LDH (P=0.001) and ALT (P=0.001) concentrations differed significantly between sheep and goats. The studied parameters were compared between buck and goats and also between young goats (less than 12 months old) and adults (more than 12 months old). It was found that age and gender did not affect these hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Conclusions It can be concluded that sheep have overall higher values than goats for studied hematological and serum biochemical parameters.
Kiran, Shumaila; Bhutta, Arif Mahmood; Khan, Bakhtyawar Ali; Durrani, Sobia; Ali, Muhammad; Ali, Muhammad; Iqbal, Furhan
The Effects of Ramadan Fasting and Physical Activity on Blood Hematological-Biochemical Parameters
Objective(s) : Fasting during the month of Ramadan is a religious obligation and belief for healthy adult Muslims. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Ramadan Fasting and physical activity on 'Blood Hematological-Biochemical Parameters'. Materials and Methods: In this study, twenty-six healthy males in two experimental groups were compared in two different instances before and after the training period. The groups which were selected by convenience sampling method were divided into two non-active fasting (n=13) and active fasting (n=13) groups. For comparison purposes between groups, paired and independent sample t-test was performed, respectively, after ensuring their normality within a significance level of P?0.05. Results: HDL-C increased significantly in both active and non-active fasting groups, Moreover, amount of hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell count (RBC), TC, LDL, VLDL, LDL/HDL and TC/ HDL decreased significantly. Amount of hemoglobin (Hgb) and glucose reduced significantly in the active-fasting group. The variation of the means between the groups in the Hgb index and LDL/HDL were statistically significant. Conclusion: Fasting during the month of Ramadan by regular physical activity caused positive alterations in Hematological-Biochemical Index. These changes may be due to the alterations in diet, biology response of the body to the starving and physical activity during this month.
Attarzadeh Hosseini, Seyyed Reza; Hejazi, Keyvan
Blood concentration of copper, cadmium, zinc and lead in horses and its relation to hematological and biochemical parameters.
Environmental pollution results in serious health hazards to animals and blood analysis serves as a good alternative for health status assessment. The target of this study was to analyze the concentration of selected metals in equine blood, to analyze the blood parameters and to find possible correlations. Blood samples were collected from the vena jugularis of healthy adult horses. The highest concentration of all elements was found in whole blood (Cu 3.84 ± 0.90 mg L(-1); Cd = 0.81 ± 0.90 mg L(-1); Zn 26.67 ± 14.12 mg L(-1); Pb 9.33 ± 5.76 mg L(-1)). Higher concentrations of copper, cadmium, zinc and lead were detected in blood clots compared to blood sera (44.04%). A similar tendency was found for cadmium (50%), zinc (13.08%) and lead (46.02%), which showed generally higher concentrations in blood clots (cells). Correlation analysis proved some relations between analyzed elements. In blood clots there is a strong positive correlation between Cd - Pb (r = 0.93) and Zn - Pb (r = 0.71) was detected. For biochemical and hematological parameters mainly medium correlations were detected. Obtained results prove different correlations of analyzed elements in blood components as well as the effect on parameters of blood biochemical and hematological profiles. PMID:24766599
Massanyi, Peter; Stawarz, Robert; Halo, Marko; Formicki, Grzegorz; Lukac, Norbert; Cupka, Peter; Schwarcz, Pavol; Kovacik, Anton; Tusimova, Eva; Kovacik, Jaroslav
Effects of blood lead level on biochemical and hematological parameters in children with neurological diseases of Western Maharashtra, India.
Abstract Background: Lead is found in small but appreciable quantities in air, soil, drinking water, and food. Exposure to such amounts of lead does not lead to acute lead toxicity but produces subtle effects particularly in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of blood lead level on biochemical and hematological parameters in children with neurological diseases in Western Maharashtra, India, and to estimate the blood lead level by liver and kidney function tests and hematological parameters in children with neurological disorders admitted to the pediatric ward and compare them with healthy controls. Methods: In this study, 30 children with various neurological disorders admitted to the pediatric ward of Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India, were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Four milliliters of venous blood was collected for estimation of blood lead level, and biochemical and hematological parameters were determined using standard methods. Results: Blood lead level was significantly increased in the study group (p<0.01, 65.38%) compared to that in the control group. When different neurological conditions were grouped into three groups according to blood lead levels, there was a significant difference between the groups. All other biochemical and hematological parameters were not significantly altered in the study group as compared to the control group. Conclusions: Neurologically challenged children are more vulnerable to lead intoxication. It is imperative for the parents to take extra care of their children's food habits and limit hand-to-mouth activities to prevent lead intoxication. PMID:24277957
Pratinidhi, Shilpa A; Patil, Arun J; Behera, Manaskumar; Patil, Maya; Ghadage, Dnyaneshwari P; Pratinidhi, Asha K
Effects of Ballota nigra on blood biochemical parameters and insulin in albino rats.
Ingestion of aqueous 70% ethanol extract of Ballota nigra (400 mg/kg body weight for 7 days) by albino rats (n=10) was investigated to study its effects on glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), troponin I (TnI), serum creatine kinase (CK), total protein, total bilirubin and blood urea. Ballota nigra extract caused a significant decrease in blood glucose, total serum cholesterol and CK levels. Blood levels of TnI, AST, ALT, triglycerides, total bilirubin, total protein and blood urea were unchanged. The hypoglycemic effect of Ballota nigra extract on albino rats was further investigated by conducting a glucose tolerance test intraperitoneally (IPGTT). Healthy rats that were fasting for 18 hours followed by administration of a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight of the crude extract of Ballota nigra, orally. A significant decrease in blood glucose levels (after 15, 30, and 45 minutes) with a significant increase in serum insulin level (after 15 and 30 minute) was noted. These results suggest that, the crude extract of Ballota nigra have hypoglycemic, insulin-releasing and cholesterol lowering effects in rats. PMID:17627272
Nusier, Mohamad K; Bataineh, Hameed N; Bataineh, Ziad M; Daradka, Haytham M
Influences of stearidonic acid-enriched soybean oil on the blood and organ biochemical parameters in rats.
In this study, we administered various diets of stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3) soybean oil to rats and examined the subsequent blood and organ biochemical parameters. Male Wistar rats (seven rats/group, six groups total) were fed diets supplemented with a test oil for 4 weeks. Diets containing test oils were: FFC diet (fish-oil-free control diet), C diet (control group, assuming a Japanese diet), SDA25 diet (25% 18:4n-3 soybean oil in the C diet), SDA50 (50% 18:4n-3 soybean oil in the C diet), ALA diet (34% flaxseed oil in the C diet), and EPA+DHA diet (34% fish oil in the C diet). The intake of 18:4n-3 showed increased relative efficiency of 20:5n-3 accretions in serum and liver triacylglycerol and significantly decreased the serum triacylglycerol level in rats. The results suggested that the consumption of 18:4n-3 soybean oil may modify the lipid and fatty acid profiles of body fats, even when EPA and DHA derived from fish is consumed. PMID:23219237
Kawabata, Terue; Shimoda, Kazumi; Horiguchi, Sayaka; Domon, Marina; Hagiwara, Chie; Takiyama, Miho; Kagawa, Yasuo
Changes in selected biochemical parameters in the kidney and blood of the fish, Tilapia mossambica (Peters), exposed to heptachlor
Pesticides used in pest control programs seem to produce many physiological and biochemical changes in fresh water organisms by influencing the activities of several enzymes. Alterations in the chemical composition of the natural aquatic environment usually effect behavioral and physiological systems of the inhabitants, particularly of the fish. Although some data are available on the effects of different pesticides on the biochemical aspects of fish gill, data on heptachlor toxicity on T. mossambica kidney are lacking. Therefore, an attempt has been made to observe certain biochemical paramets of fish, T. mossambica under heptachlor intoxication. Investigation of this nature is useful in understanding the orientation of biochemical changes during sublethal toxicity to ascertain the degree of intensity of the toxicity of heptachlor on the kidney.
Radhaiah, V.; Girija, M.; Rao, K.J.
Effects of methionine hydroxy copper supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemical parameters in lactating cows.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of methionine hydroxy Cu [(HMTBA)(2)-Cu] supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemical parameters in lactating cows. Thirty lactating Holstein cows were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a randomized block design: (1) Cu sulfate only (S): 12 mg of Cu provided by CuSO(4) per kilogram of concentrate; (2) Cu sulfate and (HMTBA)(2)-Cu (SM): 6 mg of Cu provided by CuSO(4) and 6 mg of Cu provided by (HMTBA)(2)-Cu per kilogram of concentrate; or (3) (HMTBA)(2)-Cu only (M): 12 mg of Cu provided by (HMTBA)(2)-Cu per kilogram of concentrate. The level of dietary Cu was determined according to the NRC (2001) requirement. This experiment lasted for 120 d, with the first 20 d for adaptation and with sample and data collection beginning on d 21. The milk yield and 4% fat-corrected milk yield of cows in the SM treatment tended to increase compared with those in the S and M treatments. Cows fed SM also tended to have higher NDF and ADF apparent digestibility values than did cows fed S or M. Plasma Cu concentration significantly increased for the SM treatment compared with the S and M treatments. Cows fed S had higher plasma K concentration than did cows in the other 2 treatments. In conclusion, replacing one-half of the dietary Cu sulfate with (HMTBA)(2)-Cu increased plasma Cu concentration and tended to improve the neutral and acid detergent fiber apparent digestibility values and the lactation performance of lactating dairy cattle. PMID:22921627
Wang, F; Li, S L; Xin, J; Wang, Y J; Cao, Z J; Guo, F C; Wang, Y M
Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and peppermint essential oil on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress conditions.
A study was conducted using 240 female day-old broiler chicks to evaluate the effects of dietary chromium picolinate (CrPic), peppermint essential oil (P.mint), or their combination on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of female broiler chicks raised under heat stress conditions (HS, 23.9 to 38 °C cycling). Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were obtained from 1 to 42 days of age. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment (day 42), birds were bled to determine some blood biochemical parameters and weighed for final body weight (BW). ADFI, ADG, and BW were not influenced significantly by dietary CrPic and P.mint (P?>?0.05). A significant interaction between dietary CrPic and P.mint on FCR (P?=?0.012) was detected. FCR significantly decreased in chicks fed the diet including both CrPic and P.mint compared with the CrPic group. Significant interaction between dietary P.mint and CrPic on serum concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, and albumin were observed (P?0.05), but the other measured blood biochemical parameters were not statistically affected by dietary treatments (P?>?0.05). The serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides were decreased (P?0.05) in broilers fed the diet including both CrPic and P.mint. Plasma chromium (Cr) content increased significantly (P?0.05) in birds fed the CrPic-included diet compared with the control group (P?0.05). From the results of the present experiment it can be concluded that dietary supplementation with combined P.mint and CrPic could have beneficial effects on some blood biochemical parameters of female chicks reared under heat stress conditions. PMID:24096939
Akbari, Mohsen; Torki, Mehran
Selected Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Blood in Rats After Subchronic Administration of Vanadium and\\/or Magnesium in Drinking Water
The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effect of selected vanadium and magnesium doses on certain haematological\\u000a and biochemical blood parameters in rats. Outbred 2-month-old, albino male Wistar rats received for a period of 6 weeks, as\\u000a a sole drinking liquid, the following water solutions: group II, sodium metavanadate (SMV) at a concentration of 0.125 mg\\u000a V\\/mL; group
Agnieszka ?cibior; Halina Zaporowska; Jaros?aw Ostrowski
Effect of ensiled mulberry leaves and sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace on finishing steer growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, and carcass characteristics.
Fifty-one Simmental crossbred steers (357.0 ± 16.5 kg) were used to compare a standard total mix ration (TMR) with variants on animal performance, ruminal fermentation, blood biochemical parameters, and carcass characteristics. Corn grain and cotton seed meal were partially replaced by ensiled mulberry leaves (EML) or sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace (SMFP). Experimental diets had similar amounts of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and metabolizable energy (ME). Animals were divided into three groups: control group (CONT), 8% EML group, and 6.3% SMFP group. Performance, including average daily weight gain (ADG), and dry matter intake (DMI), was measured. Blood and rumen samples were collected at the end of the experiment (16 weeks). There were no differences in final body weight (P = 0.743), ADG (P = 0.425), DMI (P = 0.642), or ADG/DMI (P = 0.236) between the groups. There were no differences (P = 0.2024) in rumen pH values; ammonia N was lower (P = 0.0076) in SMFP than in the EML and CONT groups. There were differences in the concentrations of total and individual volatile fatty acids, while no differences were determined in blood biochemical parameters (i.e., plasma glucose, urea concentrations, triglycerides, total protein, insulin, IgG, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase, P ? 0.098). No differences were observed in carcass characteristics (P ? 0.513), tenderness (P = 0.844), adipose and lean color values (P ? 0.149), and chemical composition (P ? 0.400); however, intramuscular fat was lower in the EML and SMFP groups compared to the CONT animals (P = 0.034). In conclusion, diets supplemented with these two mulberry products in an isocaloric and isonitrogenous manner have similar effects to corn grain and cotton seed meals on steer performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics, with the exception of ruminal VFA concentrations and lower intramuscular fat content. PMID:24427304
Zhou, Zhenming; Zhou, Bo; Ren, Liping; Meng, Qingxiang
Some morphological, biochemical and immunological blood parameters in European bison with or without lesions in the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts.
Ninety-seven bison (39 males and 58 females) were culled out during three successive winter seasons. No infection with BHV-1 and BHV-5 or other viruses was detected by PCR and SN methods. Advanced pathological lesions observed in males exhibiting symptoms of posthitis/balanoposthitis are probably due to secondary infection by microorganisms present in the prepuce (Corynebacterium spp., Bacillus spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum, Staphylococcus spp. (coagulase negative) and Staphylococcus hyicus). Histopathological examinations of sections from prepuce and lips of pudendum showed the presence of Onchocercinae nematode (Onchocerca sp.). A comparison of biochemical and morphological blood parameters in the bison with or without lesions in the digestive (presence of parasites), respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts revealed that the most variable parameter during reproductive organ disorder is the leukocyte count, while disorders in the urinary and digestive tracts coincided with the age of animals. In cases of digestive disorder most changes were observed in the number of neutrophils and concentration of urea. The number of red blood cells, monocytes, the level of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and hematocrit negatively correlated with age. Negative correlation was also observed between the number of neutrophils, level of creatinine and lymphocyte proliferation index. However, positive correlation was seen between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Spearman's correlation coefficient), level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and protein, and age of the bison. Positive correlation was also observed between the lymphocyte count and lymphocyte proliferation index. The attempt to determine the reference values for blood biochemical and morphological parameters showed similarities to those of cattle. PMID:17937185
Anusz, K; Kita, J; Zaleska, M; Salwa, A; Malicka, E; Bielecki, W; Osi?ska, B
Effect of tocopherol on biochemical blood parameters in pleuritis-induced rats treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tocopherol on pleuritis-induced rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Rats were treated with a single TCDD dose of 5 ?g/kg body weight (b.w.) and then for 3 weeks they were daily supplemented with tocopherol at a dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. The inflammation was initiated by intrapleural injection of a single dose of 1% carrageenin solution in a volume of 0.15 ml. Changes in biochemical blood parameters were measured three times at the 24th, 72nd and 120th hour of pleuritis and the blood was collected from 20 animals of each group of rats (group with the control inflammation; group treated with TCDD and with control inflammation; group treated with TCDD, supplemented with tocopherol and with the inflammation). The following biochemical parameters were measured: tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, procollagen, telopeptide, fibrinogen, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlAT). Daily supplementation of tocopherol caused significant changes in the level of TNF, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, urea, creatinine, AspAT and AlAT. According to the results of these studies, we suggest that tocopherol supplementation in high doses could act as a protective treatment to improve liver metabolism. PMID:23406955
Calkosinski, Ireneusz; Rosinczuk-Tonderys, Joanna; Bronowicka-Szydelko, Agnieszka; Dzierzba, Katarzyna; Bazan, Justyna; Dobrzynski, Maciej; Majda, Jacek; Gamian, Andrzej
Haematological, biochemical and inflammatory parameters in inactive Behçet's disease. Its association with red blood cell distribution width.
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been shown to be associated with disease activity in several inflammatory disorders. However only one study to show this has been conducted in patients with Behçet's disease (BD). The aim of the present study was to analyse the association of RDW with BD and its main complications; i.e.; thrombosis and posterior uveitis. A second aim was to analyse the possible correlation between RDW and both haematological and inflammatory parameters. Eighty-nine patients with BD (48 males/41 females) and 94 controls (49 males/45 females) were included in the study. Patients were in an inactive phase of the disease, showing only minimum activity. RDW was statistically higher in patients than in controls (14.02 ± 1.32 vs. 13.15 ± 0.75; p < 0.001) as were CRP, fibrinogen, leucocytes and neutrophils (p < 0.001). No differences in haematimetric indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) were observed (p > 0.05). RDW correlated negatively with haemoglobin, MCH and MCHC (p < 0.05), and directly with homocysteine (p < 0.01). No correlation was found between RDW and the several inflammatory parameters analysed (p > 0.05). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that haemoglobin and homocysteine were independent predictors of RDW (beta coefficient: -0.310; p = 0.003, beta coefficient: 0.379; p < 0.001, respectively). RDW >14 was associated with neither thrombosis nor uveitis (p = 0.935; p = 0.553, respectively). Our results indicate that BD patients show increased RDW when compared with controls. This increase seems to be related with haematimetric indices and with homocysteine levels. Lack of correlation with inflammatory markers may be due to the fact that patients were in an inactive phase of the disease. PMID:23719420
Vayá, Amparo; Rivera, Leonor; Todolí, José; Hernandez, Jose Luis; Laiz, Begońa; Ricart, José M
The effect of feeding rations with different ratios of concentrate to alfalfa hay on blood hematological and biochemical parameters of farmed ostriches (Struthio camelus).
A two-month trial was conducted to investigate the effects of pelleting rations with 70:30, 65:35, and 60:40 concentrate to high-quality roughage (alfalfa hay) ratios on hematological and biochemical parameters of ostriches. A total of 18 seven-month-old male ostrich chicks, initially weighing an average of 60-70 kg, were distributed into three different outdoor paddocks at a stocking density of six birds per paddock. In the morning, blood collection was made from the wing vein after about 12 h of fasting. All rations resulted in no significant change in hematological parameters. However, with increasing alfalfa inclusion rate, the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio tended to be lower (P = 0.089); whereas the values of hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) tended to be higher (P values 0.069, 0.072 and 0.094, respectively). In terms of plasma biochemical parameters, increasing the ratio of concentrate to alfalfa hay in ostrich diets resulted in significant (P < 0.05) depression in the values of glucose (up to 20.2 %), total cholesterol (up to 19.2 %), creatine kinase (up to 27.9 %), and aspartate aminotransferase (up to 29.9 %). Additionally, the 65:35 or 60:40 rations caused a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (27.9 and 42 %, respectively; P = 0.008) compared to the 70:40 ration. Without exception, no rations affected the values of leukocyte subsets, total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein. Based on our results, the concentrate to alfalfa ratio of 60:40 could be suggested as optimum ratio for good health conditions of juvenile ostriches. PMID:23575919
Ghasemi, Hossein Ali; Kazemi-Bonchenari, Mehdi; Khaltabadi-Farahani, Amir Hossein; Khodaei Motlagh, Mahdi
Effects of dietary crude protein and electrolyte balance on production parameters and blood biochemicals of laying hens under tropical summer condition.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of crude protein (CP) and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on productive performance, egg quality, and blood biochemical parameters of laying hens reared during hot summer months. The average minimum and maximum room temperatures recorded from 32 to 42 weeks of age were 27.2 and 36.5 °C, respectively, with relative humidity ranging from 48 to 56 %. A total of 144 Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens were assigned to each of four dietary treatments with six replicate cages of six birds. The treatments were as follows: CP 15.4 % + DEB 165 mEq/kg (group 1), CP 15.4 % + DEB 250 mEq/kg (group 2), CP 13.9 % + DEB 165 mEq/kg (group 3), and CP 13.9 % + DEB 250 mEq/kg (group 4). In groups 3 and 4, feed conversion ratio and blood uric acid were decreased (P?0.05); but the plasma triglyceride level was increased (P?0.05) compared to groups 1 and 2. Low-CP diet with DEB 250 (group 4) also induced significant increases of average egg production and eggshell thickness compared to group 1. Blood pH, Na(+), and HCO3 (-) values were also higher (P?0.05) in groups 2 and 4 than in the other groups. These results indicate that, under tropical conditions, using a DEB of 250 mEq/kg achieves a correction of the lay-induced metabolic acidosis and induces a positive effect on eggshell quality when the hens were fed low-protein diet. PMID:24531894
Ghasemi, Rohollah; Torki, Mehran; Ghasemi, Hossein Ali
[Influence of cattle cord blood fraction below 5 kD on biochemical parameters of blood in experimental chronic stomach ulcer in rats].
Influence of cattle cord blood fraction (below 5 kD) on lipid peroxidation product content and alkaline phosphatase activity-in peripheral blood was studied on the experimental subchronic stomach ulcer model in rats. It has been shown that the fraction administrations normalize thiobarbituric-active product content and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood, which testifies to decreasing inflammatory reaction in the mucous membrane of the stomach. The fraction administrations accelerate the processes of regeneration of the mucous membrane of the stomach up to complete healing of ulcer defects. Cord blood fraction below 5 kD from cattle possesses antiulcer activity which is analogous to the actovegin activity. It has been shown by gel-penetrating chromatography that the pattern of cord blood fraction low molecular substances is different from the actovegin pattern both qualitatively and quantitatively. PMID:18819383
Gulevski?, A K; Abakumova, E S; Moiseeva, N N; Dolgikh, O L
Biochemical Investigations on Blood Parasitism.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A summary is given of the results of an investigation of the nature of blood parasitism by utilizing the obligate intracellular malaria parasite as a model for understanding intracellular parasitism. Selected for study were the quality and quantity of ami...
I. W. Sherman
Serum biochemical parameters of Acipenser persicus
Serum biochemical parameters are important aspects in the management of endangered species, such as Acipenser persicus. The values of these parameters can be used for confirming the maturity and for monitoring any changes in the quality of\\u000a waters and related soils. Serum samples of 44 A. persicus fishes were analyzed and their serum parameter values were determined as Mean±SD in
F. Asadi; M. Masoudifard; A. Vajhi; K. Lee; M. Pourkabir; P. Khazraeinia
Blood biochemical factors in humans resistant and susceptible to formation of venous gas emboli during decompression
Summary Blood biochemical parameters were measured in 12 male human subjects before and after exposure to a staged decompression protocol, with simulated extravehicular activity, during 3 days. Following the exposure, significant changes occurred in several parameters, including increases in blood urea nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, potassium, and osmolality, and decreases in uric acid and creatinine. Pre-exposure blood samples from subjects who were
James R. Jauchem; James M. Waligora; Johnny Conkin; David J. Horrigan; Philip C. Johnson
The effect of plant hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA) on hematological and biochemical parameters in mice
The subacute toxicity of plant hormone indoleacetic acid (fAA) was studied on Swiss albino mice. The studies include the gross general observation such as changes in body weight, hematological profiles (total count of red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC), differential count of WBC, platelet count, hemoglobin (Hb) %), biochemical parameters of blood (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT),
MH Morshed; M. SHAMIM HOSSAIN; M. ANWAR HABIB; MM Moinuddin Ahmed; M. IBRAHIMs; M Umar Ali; M. AZIZUL ISLAM
Effect of Quinoa Seeds ( Chenopodium quinoa ) in Diet on some Biochemical Parameters and Essential Elements in Blood of High Fructose-Fed Rats
The effect of Chenopodium quinoa seeds on lipid profile, glucose level, protein metabolism and selected essential elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) level was determined\\u000a in high—fructose fed male Wistar rats. Fructose decreased significantly LDL [42%, p?p?p?0.01]. The analysis of blood of rats fed quinoa indicated, that these seeds effectively reduced serum total cholesterol\\u000a [26%, p?p?p?p?p?p?0.05] level in control group but
Pawe? Pa?ko; Pawe? Zagrodzki; Henryk Barto?; Joanna Ch?opicka; Shela Gorinstein
Biochemical Changes in Blood Components after Lethal Doses of Radiation.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Nonpeptide, peptide, and protein blood components were measured postirradiation in Wistar rats to investigate biochemical changes that might be related to or form the basis of radiation-induced emesis. The rats were irradiated with lethal doses of radiati...
A. M. Magro
Effect of quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa) in diet on some biochemical parameters and essential elements in blood of high fructose-fed rats.
The effect of Chenopodium quinoa seeds on lipid profile, glucose level, protein metabolism and selected essential elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) level was determined in high-fructose fed male Wistar rats. Fructose decreased significantly LDL [42%, p<0.01] and activity of alkaline phosphatase [20%, p<0.05], and increased triglycerides level [86%, p<0.01]. The analysis of blood of rats fed quinoa indicated, that these seeds effectively reduced serum total cholesterol [26%, p<0.05], LDL [57%, p<0.008] and triglycerides [11%, p<0.05] when compared to the control group. Quinoa seeds also significantly reduced the level of glucose [10%, p<0.01] and plasma total protein level [16%, p<0.001]. Fructose significantly decreased HDL [15%, p<0.05] level in control group but when the quinoa seeds were added into the diet the decrease of HDL level was inhibited. Quinoa seeds did not prevent any adverse effect of increasing triglyceride level caused by fructose. It was shown in this study that quinoa seeds can reduce most of the adverse effects exerted by fructose on lipid profile and glucose level. PMID:21104320
Pa?ko, Pawe?; Zagrodzki, Pawe?; Barto?, Henryk; Ch?opicka, Joanna; Gorinstein, Shela
Morphological and biochemical changes in the blood of horses naturally infected with Gasterophilus sp. larvae.
Gasterophilus sp. constitute a group of specific parasites, which larval forms are found in horses and other phylogenetically related species--donkeys, mules and zebras. Their invasion is associated with marked fluctuations of hematological and biochemical blood parameters, including the activity of many enzymes and the electrolyte concentration. The purpose of the study was to analyze changes in selected biochemical and morphological blood parameters of horses infected with botfly larvae. The experimental group was formed of horses infested by Gasterophilus sp. larvae whereas the control group consisted of noninfested horses. The study was performed in two periods: at the beginning and at the most advanced invasion. Significant differences between horses at early and late stage of invasion were found in terms of erythrocyte parameters. Mean red and white blood cell counts and mean hemoglobin concentration were lower in horses with late invasion compared to those with the invasion at its early stage. The values of all the aforementioned erythrocyte parameters remained within the reference limits for both groups of horses. Moreover, both in horses infected with botfly larvae and in those from the control group, biochemical parameters studied did not exceed the respective reference limits. Our results suggest that larvae of botfly which colonize the gastrointestinal tract have relatively insignificant influence on the basic hematological and biochemical parameters of horse blood. PMID:20731178
Pawlas-Opiela, M; So?tysiak, Z; Gorczykowski, M
Investigation of Antioxidant Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters in Ewes with Gangrenous Mastitis
This paper investigates the effects of gangrenous mastitis seen with cell necrosis and tissue damage on the activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), level of plasma lipid peroxidation (MDA), and some biochemical parameters. To do that, 20 clinically gangrenous mastitis diagnosed and 20 healthy ewes, all from the same flock in a local ewes unit were used as material. Blood
Mehmet Osman ATLI; Ömer KORKMAZ
Changes in some hematological and biochemical parameters during prepartum and postpartum periods in female Baladi goats
Eight healthy Baladi female goats were used in this study to investigate the changes which may occur in some hematological and biochemical parameters during different physiological stages in female Baladi goats. Blood samples were collected before pregnancy, prepartum (4, 3, 2, 1 weeks before parturition), day of parturition and postpartum periods (1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after parturition). Hematological
Mohamed E Azab; Hussein A Abdel-Maksoud
Blood biochemical and cellular changes during decompression and simulated extravehicular activity
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Blood biochemical and cellular parameters were measured in human subjects before and after exposure to a decompression schedule involving 6 h of oxygen prebreathing. The exposure was designed to simulate extravehicular activity for 6 h (subjects performed exercise while exposed to 29.6 kPa). There were no significant differences between blood samples from subjects who were susceptible (n = 11) versus those who were resistant (n = 27) to formation of venous gas emboli. Although several statistically significant (P less than 0.05) changes in blood parameters were observed following the exposure (increases in white blood cell count, prothrombin time, and total bilirubin, and decreases in triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen), the changes were small in magnitude and blood factor levels remained within normal clinical ranges. Thus, the decompression schedule used in this study is not likely to result in blood changes that would pose a threat to astronauts during extravehicular activity.
Jauchem, J. R.; Waligora, J. M.; Johnson, P. C. Jr
Clinical, haematological and biochemical responses of sheep undergoing autologous blood transfusion
Background This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, haematological and biochemical responses to autologous blood transfusion and the feasibility of this practice in sheep. Thus, we used eight male, 8?months old sheep, weighing on average 30?kg, from which 15?mL/kg of whole blood was collected and stored in CPDA-1 bags. Blood samples were refrigerated for 8?days and subsequently re-infused. The clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated before blood collection and reinfusion, after 10 minutes of collection and reinfusion, after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 hours after collection and reinfusion. Results With respect to clinical parameters, we observed a decrease in heart rate after 24, 48 and 196 hours from reinfusion compared to basal values (p?0.05). Haematological variables including globular volume and erythrocyte counts showed a significant decrease (p?0.01) at all time points after collection and increased (p?0.01) at all time points after reinfusion. There was a significant increase in total protein and calcium at all time points after reinfusion (p?0.05). Conclusion Autologous transfusion in sheep slightly altered the physiological, biochemical and haematological responses of sheep, indicating that the technique proposed is safe and can be applied in the clinical practice of this species. The 8 d period was not sufficient for complete recovery of the haematological parameters after blood collection.
Influence of low-frequency vibration on changes of biochemical parameters of living rats
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The aim of the research was to investigate how some selected biochemical parameters of living rats depend on exposure of low-frequency vibrations. Experiments were run on 30 Wistar rats randomly segregated into three groups: (I) 20 days old (before puberty), (II) 70th day after; (III) control group. The exposure was repeated seven times, for 3 h, at the same time of day. Vibrations applied during the first tests of the experiment had acceleration 1.22 m/s2 and frequency 20 Hz. At the 135th day the rats' bones were a subject of morphometric/biochemical examination. The results of biochemical tests proved decrease in LDL and HDL cholesterol levels for exposed rats as well as the Ca contents in blood plasma. There was evident increasing of Ca in blood plasma in exposed rats for frequency of exposition.
Kasprzak, Cezary; Damijan, Zbigniew; Panuszka, Ryszard
Age- and Sex-Based Hematological and Biochemical Parameters for Macaca fascicularis
Background The cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) has been increasingly used in biomedical research, making knowledge of its blood-based parameters essential to support the selection of healthy subjects and its use in preclinical research. As age and sex affect these blood-based parameters, it is important to establish baseline indices for these parameters on an age and sex basis and determine the effects of age and sex on these indices. Methods A total of 917 cynomolgus monkeys (374 males and 543 females) were selected and segregated by age (five groups) and sex. A total of 30 hematological and 22 biochemical parameters were measured, and the effects of age and sex were analyzed. Results Baseline indices for hematological and biochemical parameters were separately established by age and sex. Significant effects by age, sex, and age-sex interaction were observed in a number of blood parameters. In the 49–60 months and 61–72 months age groups, red blood cell count, hemoglobulin, and hematocrit showed significantly lower values (P<0.01) in females than males. Serum alkaline phosphatase varied with age in both sexes (P<0.01) and was significantly higher in females than males (P<0.05) in the groups aged 13–24 months and 25–36 months; however, in the three groups aged over 25–36 months, serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower in females than males (P<0.01). Creatinine concentration increased with age (P<0.01) in all age groups; specifically in the groups aged 49–60 months and 61–72 months, creatinine was significantly higher (P<0.01) in males than females. Total protein and globulin both increased with age (P<0.01). Conclusion The baseline values of hematological and biochemical parameters reported herein establish reference indices of blood-based parameters in the cynomolgus monkey by age and sex, thereby aiding researchers in selecting healthy subjects and evaluating preclinical studies using this species.
Zhou, Qinming; Wu, Qingyuan; Gong, Wei; Cheng, Ke; Li, Juan; Li, Leilei; Fang, Liang; Zhou, Linke; Xie, Peng
Hematological parameters in relation to age, sex and biochemical values for mute swans (Cygnus olor).
The knowledge of the correct morphological and biochemical parameters in mute swans is an important indicator of their health status, body condition, adaptation to habitat and useful diagnostic tools in veterinary practice and ecological research. The aim of the study was to obtain hematological parameters in relation to age, sex and serum biochemistry values in wild-living mute swans. We found the significant differences in the erythrocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in relation to age of mute swans. There were no differences in hematological values between males and females. The leukogram and H/L ratio did not vary by age and sex in swans. Among of biochemical parameters the slightly increased AST, ALP, CK, K, urea, decreased CHOL and TG values were recorded. As far as we know, this is the first study in which the morphometric parameters of blood cells in mute swans were presented. We found extremely low concentration of lead in blood (at subthreshold level). No blood parasites were found in blood smears. The analysis of body mass and biometric parameters revealed a significant differences dependent on age and sex. No differences in the scaled mass index were found. Our results represent a normal hematologic and blood chemistry values and age-sex related changes, as reference values for the mute swan. PMID:24458848
Dolka, B; W?odarczyk, R; Zbikowski, A; Dolka, I; Szeleszczuk, P; Kluci?ski, W
Biochemical parameters of plants as indicators of air pollution.
In the present study species like Mangifera indica, Linn., Cassia fistula, Linn., and Eucalyptus hybrid were exposed to different air pollution load for short duration (active biomonitoring). Variation in biochemical parameters like chlorophyll, protein, soluble sugar free amino acid, ascorbic acid, nitrate reductase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves were found to be pollution load dependent. These variations can be used as indicators of air pollution for early diagnosis of stress or as a marker for physiological damage to trees prior to the onset of visible injury symptoms. Just by analyzing these biochemical indicators air quality can also be assessed. PMID:17717999
Tripathi, A K; Gautam, Mukesh
Serum procalcitonin (PCT): a valuable biochemical parameter for the post-mortem diagnosis of sepsis
The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether serum procalcitonin (PCT) can be used as a post-mortem marker\\u000a of sepsis and to determine whether this biochemical parameter can be employed in the forensic elucidation of death due to\\u000a sepsis. At least three blood samples were collected between 0.3 and 139 h post-mortem from sepsis-related fatalities (n = 8)
M. Tsokos; U. Reichelt; A. Nierhaus; K. Püschel
Maternal periconceptional biochemical and hematological parameters, vitamin profiles and pregnancy outcome
Objectives: To evaluate periconceptional maternal biochemical and hematological parameters and vitamin profiles in relation to the risk of early pregnancy loss and birth weight.Design: Prospective longitudinal study.Setting: University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Maria and Elisabeth Hospitals, Tilburg, and Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.Subjects: A cohort of 240 women recruited before pregnancy.Interventions: Blood samples were taken preconceptional and
S de Weerd; R P M Steegers-Theunissen; T M de Boo; C M G Thomas; E A P Steegers; EAP Steegers
Dielectric, haematological and biochemical studies of detergent toxicity in fish blood.
Blood characteristics in dielectric, haematological and biochemical terms of the fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to a sublethal concentration of sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate were compared with those from untreated control fish; recovery from the test solution was also checked. Trends of change in the majority of chosen parameters of blood with time of fish exposure to anionic detergent were significantly linear. A decline was noted in erythrocyte count, haematocrit, blood haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular haemoglobin with the exception of mean cellular volume. An uptake of sodium into red blood cells and a rise of intracellular potassium were seen. Practical indicators of the presence of detergent in fish blood were obtained from dielectric beta dispersion measurements. It has been shown that dielectric parameters could be correlated with haematological parameters but not with a biochemical one. Results indicate that the changes in haematocrit induce corresponding variation of the maximum of the dielectric loss factor tan delta. An increase in the electrical conductivity and permittivity of the erythrocytes' interior in exposed fish was associated with a decline of mean corpuscular haemoglobin. PMID:3035591
Bielinska, I
[Reference values of Russian cosmonauts blood biochemical indices].
Within the period of 2000 to 2012 the values of 40 diagnostically significant biochemical indices in venous blood were being determined during the pre-flight clinical and physiological examination of 28 Russian cosmonauts aged 35 to 54, members of main and back-up crews of expeditions to the International Space Station. The above examination was conducted 45-30 days prior to the launch. Taking account of the fact that each of the most of the cosmonauts performed several flights over the mentioned period and they were repeatedly included in back-up crews over and over again, each of cosmonauts participated in pre-flight examinations 1 to 5 times. Reference values were calculated for each of the studied indices. It was found that reference interval boundaries for 15 indices were narrower as compared to the generally accepted ranges. The upper boundaries of activity reference ranges of a number of enzymes, as well as of concentration of some metabolites of energy and plasticity metabolism were raised relative to mean population values. Thus, it was found that Russian cosmonauts being a specific professional team featured inherent reference values which differed from mean population values in a number of blood biochemical indices. It is conditioned by peculiarities of selection, physical training and psychic and emotional status of crew members during a pre-flight period. PMID:23789387
Markin, A A; Zhuravleva, O A; Morukov, B V; Kuzichkin, D S; Zabolotskaia, I V; Vostrikova, L V
Biochemical analysis of CTLA-4 immunoreactive material from human blood
Background CTLA-4 was initially described as a membrane-bound molecule that inhibited lymphocyte activation by interacting with B7.1 and B7.2 molecules on antigen presenting cells. Alternative splicing of mRNA encoding the CTLA-4 receptor leads to the production of a molecule (sCTLA-4) that lacks a membrane anchor and is therefore secreted into the extracellular space. Despite studies finding that people with autoimmune disease more frequently express high levels of sCTLA-4 in their blood than apparently healthy people, the significance of these findings is unclear. Methods Molecules isolated from blood using CTLA-4 specific antibodies were analyzed with ligand binding assays, mass spectroscopy, and biochemical fractionation in an effort to increase our understanding of CTLA-4 immunoreactive material. Results Mass spectroscopy analysis of the molecules recognized by multiple CTLA-4-specific antibodies failed to identify any CTLA-4 protein. Even though these molecules bind to the CTLA-4 receptors B7.1 and B7.2, they also exhibit properties common to immunoglobulins. Conclusion We have identified molecules in blood that are recognized by CTLA-4 specific antibodies but also exhibit properties of immunoglobulins. Our data indicates that what has been called sCTLA-4 is not a direct product of the CTLA-4 gene, and that the CTLA-4 protein is not part of this molecule. These results may explain why the relationship of sCTLA-4 to immune system activity has been difficult to elucidate.
Tector, Matt; Khatri, Bhupendra O; Kozinski, Karen; Dennert, Kate; Oaks, Martin K
[Hemolysis influence on twenty-two biochemical parameters measurement].
The study of the influence of hemolysis was determined experimentally for twenty two biochemical parameters on the analyzer Cobas 6000 ce (Roche Diagnostics). The addition method of hemolysate was used to create an increasing concentration of hemoglobin ranging from 0 to 2000 ?mol/L. The limit of 10% variation was chosen to define the influence of hemolysis on the measurement. The parameters studied were classified into several categories: the parameters for which hemolysis does not influence the measurement: albumin, uric acid, calcium, C-reactive protein, myoglobin, NT -pro BNP, S100 protein, and urea; parameters impacted positively leading to an overestimation of the result: aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, creatine kinase, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, magnesium, magnesium, total protein, triglycerides; and negatively impacted settings so causing an underestimation of the result: alanine amino- transferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, troponin T hypersensitive. Certain parameters influence of hemolysis varies depending on the magnitude of the measured parameter this interference being observed for normal values but disappearing for pathological values: creatinine, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, or the inverse interference is greater than for conventional pathological values: lipase, alanine amino-transferase. Knowledge of this variability interference allows the biologist to adapt its methods of reporting in the case of haemolysed samples. PMID:24876141
Ali, Damien; Sacchetto, Emilie; Dumontet, Erwan; Le Carrer, Didier; Orsonneau, Jean-Luc; Delaroche, Odile; Bigot-Corbel, Edith
Blood-stimulatory and biochemical effects of intravenous laser irradiation of blood with low-active laser radiation in rabbits with peripheral nerve damage
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
It is found that in rabbits with the injured sciatic nerve irradiation of blood with low-intensity laser radiation stimulates the mechanism of hemoglobin and thrombocyte formation. Normalization of the lymphocytic composition in blood of the animals with the injured nerve shows that it is possible to prevent development of the process of lymphocytopenia. Changes in the albumins/globulins ratio, the stimulating effect of same biochemical parameters and increase of the hemopoiesis in blood of the animals with the damaged peripheral nerve can probably be considered as evidence of the positive effect of intravenous irradiation of blood with low-intensity laser irradiation on living organisms.
Tanin, Leonid V.; Petrovsky, G. G.; Tanina, Raisa M.
Effect of oral administration of fenitrothion on biochemical and hematological parameters in rats.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute exposure to various doses of fenitrothion (FNT) on level of serum glucose, total protein, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and some hematological parameters. The study was conducted on 8-week-old male Wistar rats that divided into four groups (three experimental groups and one control group), were treated orally with different doses (25, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1)) of fenitrothion for 28 consecutive day. After treatment, blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological studies. Present results demonstrated that exposed groups led to significant dose-dependent increase in serum glucose and cholesterol levels. Significant decrease was observed in some hematological parameters [Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts, Hemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrite (Ht) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) values]. Serum total protein and triglycerides were also decreased not significantly in exposed groups when compared with control. Generally, the degrees of observed variations were found to be dose dependent. PMID:18819630
Afshar, Simin; Heidari, Reza; Farshid, Amir Abbas; Ilkhanipour, Minoo
Blood Collection for Biochemical Analysis in Adult Zebrafish
The zebrafish has been used as an animal model for studies of several human diseases. It can serve as a powerful preclinical platform for studies of molecular events and therapeutic strategies as well as for evaluating the physiological mechanisms of some pathologies1. There are relatively few publications related to adult zebrafish physiology of organs and systems2, which may lead researchers to infer that the basic techniques needed to allow the exploration of zebrafish systems are lacking3. Hematologic biochemical values of zebrafish were first reported in 2003 by Murtha and colleagues4 who employed a blood collection technique first described by Jagadeeswaran and colleagues in 1999. Briefly, blood was collected via a micropipette tip through a lateral incision, approximately 0.3 cm in length, in the region of the dorsal aorta5. Because of the minute dimensions involved, this is a high-precision technique requiring a highly skilled practitioner. The same technique was used by the same group in another publication in that same year6. In 2010, Eames and colleagues assessed whole blood glucose levels in zebrafish7. They gained access to the blood by performing decapitations with scissors and then inserting a heparinized microcapillary collection tube into the pectoral articulation. They mention difficulties with hemolysis that were solved with an appropriate storage temperature based on the work Kilpatrick et al.8. When attempting to use Jagadeeswaran's technique in our laboratory, we found that it was difficult to make the incision in precisely the right place as not to allow a significant amount of blood to be lost before collection could be started. Recently, Gupta et al.9 described how to dissect adult zebrafish organs, Kinkle et al.10 described how to perform intraperitoneal injections, and Pugach et al.11 described how to perform retro-orbital injections. However, more work is needed to more fully explore basic techniques for research in zebrafish. The small size of zebrafish presents challenges for researchers using it as an experimental model. Furthermore, given this smallness of scale, it is important that simple techniques are developed to enable researchers to explore the advantages of the zebrafish model.
Pedroso, Gabriela L.; Hammes, Thais O.; Escobar, Thayssa D.C.; Fracasso, Laisa B.; Forgiarini, Luiz Felipe; da Silveira, Themis R.
[Influence of anticoagulant on the plasma level of fifteen biochemical parameters].
The study of the influence of the anticoagulant used in blood collection tubes to obtain plasma was performed for fifteen biochemical parameters measured with automated Cobas 6000 (Roche Diagnostics). For each parameter tested the entire measurement domain was studied. The comparison of results obtained on plasma blood sample obtained by lithium heparin and EDTA include: correlation, the limits of acceptability in the standards of monitoring and interpretation standards regression defined by the SFBC and analysis of Bland-Altman. The parameters studied were classified into three categories. The parameters for which the assay is not influenced by the nature of the anticoagulant used: apolipoprotéin A1, apolipoprotein B, alanine amino-transferase, creatine kinase, creatinine, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, lipase, NT-Pro BNP, troponine T and urea. The parameters for which the results are underestimated EDTA plasma, including those for which the impact is moderate and for which the interpretive standards are not changed: triglycerides, and those for which performance standards are changed on one or more levels: aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase; and finally the not practicable EDTA plasma parameters: alkaline phosphatase. PMID:24876145
Sacchetto, Emilie; Ali, Damien; Dumontet, Erwan; Le Carrer, Didier; Orsonneau, Jean-Luc; Delaroche, Odile; Bigot-Corbel, Edith
Influence of Fasciola hepatica on Serum Biochemical Parameters and Vascular and Biliary System of Sheep Liver
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional capacity of the liver based on the activity of specific enzymes and bilirubin in serum and also to investigate the influence of mechanical and toxic effects of Fasciola hepatica on the structures of the blood vessels and biliary tract in the sheep liver. Methods Blood samples and liver of 63 indigenous sheep of Pramenka breed, slaughtered in the period from March to December 2009 were used. Based on parasitological findings in the liver, all animals were divided into two groups: control (n = 34) and infected group (n = 29). For investigation and description of pathological changes in sheep liver, naturally infected with F. hepatica, corrosion cast technique was used. Results Biochemical analysis of tested parameters showed a significant elevation (P?0.05) of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) in infected sheep group comparing with the control group. No significant differences were observed for activity of aspartate aminotranferase (AST) between groups. Vascular and biliary systems of the liver were found to be affected. Conclusion Results of biochemical analysis are consistent with pathological findings and measuring of tested parameters could be used in early diagnosis of sheep fasciolosis and to test the effectiveness of anthelmintic therapy. Corrosion cast technique is very useful for investigation of pathological changes and neoangiogenesis of vascular and biliary system in sheep liver, caused by mechanical and toxic effects of F. hepatica.
Hodzic, A; Zuko, A; Avdic, R; Alic, A; Omeragic, J; Jazic, A
Estimating Biophysical and Biochemical Parameters and Yield of Winter Wheat Based on Landsat TM Images
Contents of crop biophysical and biochemical components influence its yield and seed quality. If farmers can know crop biophysical and biochemical information, they may implement exact field management. This advanced agriculture cultivation method not only increases crop yield and improves seed quality, but also utilizes fertilizer and water more effectively. Therefore, monitoring crop biophysical and biochemical parameters is very important
Yansong Bao; Liangyun Liu; Jihua Wang
Osmotic parameters of red blood cells from umbilical cord blood.
The transfusion of red blood cells from umbilical cord blood (cord RBCs) is gathering significant interest for the treatment of fetal and neonatal anemia, due to its high content of fetal hemoglobin as well as numerous other potential benefits to fetuses and neonates. However, in order to establish a stable supply of cord RBCs for clinical use, a cryopreservation method must be developed. This, in turn, requires knowledge of the osmotic parameters of cord RBCs. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the osmotic parameters of cord RBCs: osmotically inactive fraction (b), hydraulic conductivity (Lp), permeability to cryoprotectant glycerol (Pglycerol), and corresponding Arrhenius activation energies (Ea). For Lp and Pglycerol determination, RBCs were analyzed using a stopped-flow system to monitor osmotically-induced RBC volume changes via intrinsic RBC hemoglobin fluorescence. Lp and Pglycerol were characterized at 4°C, 20°C, and 35°C using Jacobs and Stewart equations with the Ea calculated from the Arrhenius plot. Results indicate that cord RBCs have a larger osmotically inactive fraction compared to adult RBCs. Hydraulic conductivity and osmotic permeability to glycerol of cord RBCs differed compared to those of adult RBCs with the differences dependent on experimental conditions, such as temperature and osmolality. Compared to adult RBCs, cord RBCs had a higher Ea for Lp and a lower Ea for Pglycerol. This information regarding osmotic parameters will be used in future work to develop a protocol for cryopreserving cord RBCs. PMID:24727610
Zhurova, Mariia; McGann, Locksley E; Acker, Jason P
Effects of long-term silymarin oral supplementation on the blood biochemical profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Silymarin, an extract from "milk thistle" (Silybum marianum) plant is traditionally used as herbal medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the clinical effects and possible side effects of silymarin on biochemical blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fishes were treated with 0 (control), 100, 400, and 800 mg of silymarin per kg of food during 4 weeks. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), glucose, total protein, creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, urea, uric acid and liver cellular total antioxidant, and protein content were measured after 7, 14, and 28 days of silymarin treatment. The results showed that oral administration of silymarin in fish significantly reduced plasma glucose and cholesterol levels and relatively increased plasma total protein and globulin concentrations (P < 0.05). Increasing plasma albumin levels indicate the important role of albumin in drug transportation in circulatory system of fish. Silymarin also stabilized cellular membrane structure and regulated the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, CK, and LDH activity. In conclusion, on the basis of these results, oral administration of silymarin up to 400 mg per 1 kg of food has no side effect on blood biochemical and clinical parameters of fishes. However, oral administration of 800 mg/kg- of silymarin caused cytotoxicity and modifications in blood biochemical parameters of fish. PMID:21519846
Banaee, Mahdi; Sureda, Antoni; Mirvaghefi, Ali Reza; Rafei, Golam Reza
Biochemical Parameters of Guinea Pig Perilymph Sampled According to Scala and Following Sound Presentation
Guinea pigs were exposed to sound varying from 2 to 8 kHz in frequency and 80-100 dB (SPL) in intensity for periods of 1 hr. The biochemical parameters, glucose, sodium, total protein, and the glycolytic enzymes, aldolase, phosphohexose isomerase, and total LDH as well as isozymes of the latter were ascertained for blood serum, perilymph, and, in some instances, cerebrospinal fluid. The three enzymes occurred at lower levels in perilymph as compared to blood serum. Except for a small difference in serum total protein, sound presentation incurred no significant effect on any of the above parameters. Definite differences in several metabolites were discerned for perilymph sampled according to scala and which were independent of the respective acoustical treatments. Thus, as compared to the scale tympani, the scala vestibuli perilymph displayed a higher glucose content and a diminished total LDH level and of the latter isozymes, LDH1 ranged lower and LDH2, higher. As further evidence pointing to cerebrospinal fluid as the possible origin of perilymph, similarities in glucose contents and LDH isozyme patterns were noted for both fluids.
Gershbein, Leon L.; Manshio, Dennis T.; Shurrager, Phil S.
Biochemical changes in blood components after lethal doses of radiation. Final report Oct 80-Sep 81
Nonpeptide, peptide, and protein blood components were measured postirradiation in Wistar rats to investigate biochemical changes that might be related to or form the basis of radiation-induced emesis. The rats were irradiated with lethal doses of radiation, and blood components were analyzed at various times postirradiation. The blood-component levels were compared to those of nonirradiated controls to determine if any significant changes occurred due to the radiation.
Magro, A.M.
Berberis Fruit Extract and Biochemical Parameters in Patients With Type II Diabetes
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common medical problem. There is in fact a growing body of literature on plants used for the treatment of diabetes. Plant materials attracted considerable interest of scientists. In this respect, in the past few years, attempts were made to use natural plant products for the treatment of patients with diabetes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Berberis fruit extract to achieve glycemic control in patients with Type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This study was performed between July 2010 and April 2013. Thirty patients of type II diabetes admitted to Ayatollah Rohhani hospital were recruited. Patients' sera were collected for the assessment of glucose and HbA1c values. Biochemical analyses were performed before and after treatment by Berberis fruit extract. Biochemical parameters were measured by spectrophotometric method (Jenway uv/vis, 6505 model, Dunmow, UK). Glucose level was measured by glucose oxidase method kit (Pars Azmoon, Tehran, IR Iran). Serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using standard biochemical kits (Pars Azmoon, Tehran, Iran). Blood glycated hemoglobin level was measured by using Elisa kit (Bioassay technology laboratory, Elisa kit). Experiments were performed in triplicate in at least three separate experiments. Results: Our findings demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes who received barberry fruit had significant reduction in serum glucose to 136.15 ± 32.8 mg/dL and decreased HbA1c levels to 7.07 ± 1.21 mg/dL, during the 8 weeks of study. Conclusions: This investigation revealed that Berberis fruit extract has beneficial metabolic effects in patients with type II diabetes. Barberry may improve glucose catabolism via glycolysis pathway, stimulate insulin secretion or improve insulin function and finally decrease glucose uptake. Our results indicated that Berberis fruit regulates glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Moazezi, Zolikha; Qujeq, Durdi
Clinical, toxicological, biochemical, and hematologic parameters in lead exposed workers of a car battery industry.
Background: Lead is a toxic element which causes acute, subacute or chronic poisoning through environmental and occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and laboratory abnormalities of chronic lead poisoning among workers of a car battery industry. Methods: Questionnaires and forms were designed and used to record demographic data, past medical histories and clinical manifestations of lead poisoning. Blood samples were taken to determine biochemical (using Auto Analyzer; Model BT3000) and hematologic (using Cell Counter Sysmex; Model KX21N) parameters. An atomic absorption spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer, Model 3030, USA) was used to determine lead concentration in blood and urine by heated graphite atomization technique. Results: A total of 112 men mean age 28.78±5.17 years, who worked in a car battery industry were recruited in the present study. The most common signs/symptoms of lead poisoning included increased excitability 41.9%, arthralgia 41.0%, fatigue 40.1%, dental grey discoloration 44.6%, lead line 24.1%, increased deep tendon reflexes (DTR) 22.3%, and decreased DTR (18.7%). Blood lead concentration (BLC) was 398.95 µg/L±177.40, which was significantly correlated with duration of work (P=0.044) but not with the clinical manifestations of lead poisoning. However, BLC was significantly correlated with urine lead concentration (83.67 µg/L±49.78; r(2)=0.711; P<0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (r=-0.280; P=0.011), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (r=-0.304; P=0.006) and fasting blood sugar or FBS (r=-0.258; P=0.010). Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric and skeletal findings were common manifestations of chronic occupational lead poisoning. BLC was significantly correlated with duration of work, urine lead concentration, two hemoglobin indices and FBS. PMID:23645955
Kianoush, Sina; Balali-Mood, Mahdi; Mousavi, Seyed Reza; Shakeri, Mohammad Taghi; Dadpour, Bita; Moradi, Valiollah; Sadeghi, Mahmoud
Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Body Composition and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Obese Women
2 Abstract: This study was performed to investigate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on bod y composition and selected biochemical parameters in obese women. Twenty women, aged between 22 and 48 years, with body mass index (BMI, kg\\/m ) over 25 received 1.8 g CLA\\/day for 8 weeks. Basal metabolic 2 rate (BMR), anthropometric and selected biochemical parameters
Habibe Sahin; Fatma Uyanik; Neriman Inanc
[The value of biochemical indices of the blood in early diagnosis of gastric cancer].
The results of biochemical blood analysis in 75 patients with I-II stage gastric cancer have been analysed. The control group was comprised of 210 patients with gastritis, callous ulcer and polyps of the stomach. By means of a correlation-regression analysis, the non-linear relations between I-II stage gastric cancer and biochemical indices of the blood were revealed. The highly significant indices for diagnosis of the disease in mass examination of the population have been developed. PMID:1287326
Kshivets, O M; Merabishvili, V M; Pospelov, D A; Kshivets, M S; Gusev, V S; Plaksin, I T; Bazarnov, V T; Urazov, N E
Correlation between serum adiponectin and clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters in Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder. PCOS women are at a high risk for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MS). Adiponectin is positively related to insulin sensitivity. It has a preventive role in atherogenesis and MS. The present work was conducted to study the correlation between serum adiponectin levels and clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters in PCOS patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective study in 49 newly diagnosed (as per Rotterdam criteria) Indian PCOS women was conducted. PCOS women were clinically examined and investigated for biochemical parameters. Results: The mean serum adiponectin was 12 ± 9.4 ?g/mL (range 0.47-45). Hypoadiponectinemia (serum adiponectin <4 ?g/mL) was present in 22% patients. Age and adiponectin correlated significantly and inversely (r = ?0.42, P = 0.027). Overweight/obese patients had lower mean adiponectin levels than normal weight (11.62 ± 9.5 vs 13.58 ± 9.5, P = 0.56). It was significantly lower in patients with acanthosis nigricans (AN) as compared with those without AN (8.4 ± 5.9 vs 15 ± 11, P = 0.038). Hirsute patients showed lower mean adiponectin levels than nonhirsute (10 ± 7.3 vs 13 ± 10, P = 0.57). A positive, insignificant correlation was observed between serum adiponectin and cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone, levels. A negative insignificant correlation existed between serum adiponectin and luteinizing hormone (LH), LH: FSH ratio, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and Homeostasis Model Assessment. Conclusion: Hypoadiponectinemia is present in one-fifth of women with PCOS. Adiponectin levels decrease as age advances. Low levels of adiponectin possibly contributes to the development of dermal manifestation (AN) of insulin resistance.
Ramanand, Sunita J.; Ramanand, Jaiprakash B.; Ghongane, Balasaheb B.; Patwardhan, Milind H.; Patwardhan, Varsha M.; Ghanghas, Ravi; Halasawadekar, Nimish R.; Patil, Praveenkumar
Effect of azadirachtin on haematological and biochemical parameters of Argulus-infested goldfish Carassius auratus (Linn. 1758).
Argulosis hampers aquaculture production and alters the host physiology and growth. Azadirachtin is recognized as a potential antiparasitic agent against Argulus sp. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentration of azadirachtin solution on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Argulus-infested goldfish Carassius auratus. Ninety Argulus-infested goldfish were randomly divided into six equal groups. Fish of group 1-5 were treated with azadirachtin solution through bath of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L(-1) as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, and group 6 was exposed to 2% DMSO solution without azadirachtin and considered as negative control T0(-). Along with six treatment groups, a positive control T0(+) of healthy goldfish free from Argulus infestation was also maintained. Parasitic mortality was evaluated after 3 days of consecutive bath treatment. After 7 days of post-treatment, the blood and serum were drawn from each of the treatment groups and haematological and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. Total leucocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), blood glucose, total protein (TP), globulin, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were significantly (p < 0.05) high in negative control group when compared with positive control group. It could be concluded that Argulus infestation altered marked haematological and serum biochemical parameters. However, in treated groups complete elimination of Argulus was found in T4 and T5 groups. Also significant (p < 0.05) reduction in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of all the treatment groups were recorded in comparison with negative control group. In addition, T4 and T5 groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) high superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, total erythrocyte count (TEC) and haemoglobin (Hb). However, higher mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), blood glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in T5 group revealed that higher concentration of azadirachtin have notable effects on activity of vital tissues function and physiology of the host. Argulus spp. from infested goldfish could be eliminated using bath treatment with solution of azadirachtin having concentration of 15 mg L(-1) and that also shifted haematological and serum biochemical parameters towards homeostasis. PMID:23090629
Kumar, Saurav; Raman, R P; Kumar, Kundan; Pandey, P K; Kumar, Neeraj; Mallesh, B; Mohanty, Snatashree; Kumar, Abhay
Blood parameters of clinically normal captive bobcats (Felis rufus).
Data on blood parameters were obtained from 56 (32 female, 24 male) clinically healthy, captive bobcats (Felis rufus). The animals were housed under ambient conditions at the Mississippi State University Captive Bobcat Facility. Samples were collected opportunistically between 1982 and 1995. Differences (P < or = 0.05) in blood parameters existed between sexes, among age classes (kitten, subadult, adult, and geriatric), and among stages in the reproductive cycle (breeding, parturition, recycling, and anestrus). Blood parameters for bobcats were similar to reported values for domestic cats (Felis catus). These results can be used as as reference to indicate when blood parameter aberrations exist in bobcats. PMID:10484139
Miller, D L; Leopold, B D; Gray, M J; Woody, B J
The effects of Cosmos caudatus (Ulam Raja) supplementation on bone biochemical parameters in ovariectomized rats.
Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja) contains high mineral content and possesses high antioxidant activity which may be beneficial in bone disorder such as postmenopausal osteoporosis. The effects of C. caudatus on bone metabolism biomarkers in ovariectomized rats were studied. 48 Sprague-Dawley rats aged three months were divided into 6 groups. One group of rats was sham-operated while the remaining rats were ovariectomized. The ovariectomized rats were further divided into 5 groups: the control, three groups force-fed with C. caudatus at the doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg or 300mg/kg and another group supplemented with calcium 1% ad libitum. Treatments were given 6 days per week for a period of eight weeks. Blood samples were collected twice; before and after treatment. Parameters measured were bone resorbing cytokine; interleukin-1 and the bone biomarkers; osteocalcin and pyridinoline. Serum IL-1 and pyridinoline levels were significantly increased in ovariectomized rats. Supplementation of C. caudatus was able to prevent the increase of IL-1 and pyridinoline in ovariectomized rats. Besides that, C. caudatus showed the same effect as calcium 1% on biochemical parameters of bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. In conclusion, Cosmos caudatus was as effective as calcium in preventing the increase in bone resorption in ovariectomized rats. PMID:24035963
Mohamed, Norazlina; Yin, Chai Mei; Shuid, Ahmad Nazrun; Muhammad, Norliza; Babji, Abdul Salam; Soelaiman, Ima Nirwana
The effects of dietary chromium supplementation on some blood parameters in sheep
The effects of dietary inorganic chromium on some biochemical parameters were determined in lambs fed either a control diet\\u000a or a 200-ppb or 400-ppb chromium-supplemented diet. The live weight of the animals were measured and jugular blood samples\\u000a were collected prior to supplementation (d 0) and on d 20, 40, and 55. On d 55, three animals from each group
Fatma Uyanik
Changes of hepatic biochemical parameters and proteomics in broilers with cold-induced ascites
Ascites syndrome is still a problem for chicken industry in various parts of the world. Despite the intensive investigations of this syndrome for many years, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the difference in hepatic proteomics between ascites and healthy broilers by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Changes of biochemical parameters of liver and blood were also determined. The results indicated that red blood cell counts (RBC), hematocrit (HCT) and haemoglobin (HGB) of ascites broilers were significantly greater than healthy broilers. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level of ascites broilers was significantly increased, and the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) was significantly decreased. Hepatic lactic acid (LD) level of ascitic broilers were significantly lower than healthy ones. Serum glucose and cholesterol level of ascites broilers were significantly increased, and serum globulin level was significantly decreased in ascites broilers. There was no significant difference in triglyceride (TG) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. The activity of liver hexokinase (HK) and succinodehydrogenase (SDH) in ascites broilers was significantly decreased, and there was no significant difference in the activity of liver pyruvate kinase (PK) and Na+-K+-ATPase. The hepatic proteomics analysis showed that 18 proteins expression difference were identified between ascites and healthy broilers. These proteins were mainly involved in: 1) cytoskeleton; 2) glucose, lipids and amino acid metabolism; 3) cell secretion; 4) cell apoptosis; 5) signal transduction; 6) immune and inflammatory response; and 7) cellular redox homeostasis. Mitochondrial isoform phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (M-PEPCK) mainly participates in gluconeogenesis of chicken liver. In conclusion, liver oxidative damage was significantly aggravated, but antioxidant capacity was decreased in cold-induced ascites broilers. Serum glucose level was significantly increased, with liver M-PEPCK expression higher in ascites broilers, which implied that some potential regulatory reagents may reduce ascites susceptibility and mortality under cold temperature by increasing liver gluconeogenesis level.
Toxicity Assessment of Two Soils from Jales Mine (Portugal) Using Plants: Growth and Biochemical Parameters
Contaminants in soils can enter food chains through primary producers. Bioavailable contaminants can induce growth, and reproductive\\u000a or biochemical changes in plants. To evaluate the bioavailability of heavy metals in two soils from Jales mine surroundings,\\u000a bioassays with the plants Brassica rapa (RCBr) and Avena sativa were performed. Biochemical parameters (protein and malondialdehyde [MDA] content, and catalase and peroxidase activities)
Susana Loureiro; Glória Pinto; Armando Costa; Marta Monteiro; António J. A. Nogueira; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares
Human plasma kallikrein-kinin system: physiological and biochemical parameters.
The plasma kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) plays a critical role in human physiology. The KKS encompasses coagulation factor XII (FXII), the complex of prekallikrein (PK) and high molecular weight kininogen (HK). The conversion of plasma prekallikrein to kallikrein by the activated FXII and in response to numerous different stimuli leads to the generation of bradykinin (BK) and activated HK (HKa, an antiangiogenic peptide). BK is a proinflammatory peptide, a pain mediator and potent vasodilator, leading to robust accumulation of fluid in the interstitium. Systemic production of BK, HKa with the interplay between BK bound-BK receptors and the soluble form of HKa are key to angiogenesis and hemodynamics. KKS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation, hypertension, endotoxemia, and coagulopathy. In all these cases increased BK levels is the hallmark. In some cases, the persistent production of BK due to the deficiency of the blood protein C1-inhibitor, which controls FXII, is detrimental to the survival of the patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). In others, the inability of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to degrade BK leads to elevated BK levels and edema in patients on ACE inhibitors. Thus, the mechanisms that interfere with BK liberation or degradation would lead to blood pressure dysfunction. In contrast, anti-kallikrein treatment could have adverse effects in hemodynamic changes induced by vasoconstrictor agents. Genetic models of kallikrein deficiency are needed to evaluate the quantitative role of kallikrein and to validate whether strategies designed to activate or inhibit kallikrein may be important for regulating whole-body BK sensitivity. PMID:19689262
Bryant, J W; Shariat-Madar, Z
Profound changes in blood parameters during torpor in a South American marsupial.
Seasonal torpor or hibernation is a phenomenon characterized by a physiological transition to dormancy (torpor) during challenging periods in terms of energy availability or metabolic load. Extensive physiological reprogramming and changes in gene-expression, immune function, oxygen transport and intermediate metabolism, occur during eutherian hibernation. Here we studied the seasonality of blood parameters, and during daily torpor, in a South American marsupial (Dromiciops gliroides). Seasonal trends in blood parameters showed an increase in hematological parameters during winter, and increases in total proteins, albumin and globulin during autumn. In contrast, torpor induced a drastic drop during most blood parameters. PCV dropped significantly 60%, as well as RBC (58%), hemoglobin concentration (58%), WBC (79%), including neutrophils (51%), eosinophils (84%) and lymphocytes (82%). Biochemical parameters also showed reductions: triglycerides (81%), proteins (32%), albumin (24%), globulins (38%), albumin (24%), creatinine (48%) and glucose (42%). Our results confirm some patterns observed in hibernating eutherians, such as leukopenia, probably caused by sequestration of white blood cells in organs. However, red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration also were reduced, which is to the best of our knowledge has not been reported for marsupials. The observed reduction in biochemical parameters suggests that marsupials, as in eutherians, change from carbohydrate-based to lipid-based metabolism during hibernation. However, the absence of increases in beta-hydroxybutyrate is puzzling. Finally, we found an increase (although non-significant after statistical correction for multiple comparisons) of creatine kinase which together with an increase in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio could be indicative of muscle lysis and inflammation. These results indicate profound changes in standard physiological processes during torpor. PMID:23850720
Franco, Marcela; Contreras, Carolina; Nespolo, Roberto F
Protective effect of selenium against mercury-induced toxicity on hematological and biochemical parameters of Oreochromis niloticus.
In this study, to identify mercury (Hg) toxicity and whether selenium (Se) has any role in alleviation of this toxicity, it was investigated the changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were exposed to 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L Hg and 0.01 mg/L Hg + 0.1 mg/L Se and 0.1 mg/L Hg + 1.0 mg/L Se for 7 and 14 days. The exposure of O. niloticus to Hg alone resulted in decreases in red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit values, and cholinesterase activity while it increased in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and cortisol and glucose levels. Se, in combination with Hg, partially or totally caused an alleviation for the toxic effect of Hg on the above mentioned hematological and biochemical parameters. The results of our study showed that Se has a protective effect against toxicity induced by Hg. PMID:22162128
Cogun, Hikmet Y; F?rat, Ozgür; F?rat, Ozge; Yüzerero?lu, Tüzin A; Gök, Gülbin; Kargin, Ferit; Kötemen, Yasemin
Biochemical stabilization enhances red blood cell recovery and stability following cryopreservation
Glycerolized red blood cells (RBC) are approved for long-term cryopreservation. However, the need to remove the glycerol cryoprotectant prior to transfusion has limited the usefulness of this cryopreservation method. This report describes using non-cryoprotectant biochemical stabilization techniques to substitute for the standard glycerol cryoprotectant. The glycerolized RBC method was compared to a newly developed LC-V method that combines transfusable cryoprotectants
Christopher T. Wagner; Melissa L. Martowicz; Stephen A. Livesey; Jerome Connor
A novel cost function to estimate parameters of oscillatory biochemical systems.
Oscillatory pathways are among the most important classes of biochemical systems with examples ranging from circadian rhythms and cell cycle maintenance. Mathematical modeling of these highly interconnected biochemical networks is needed to meet numerous objectives such as investigating, predicting and controlling the dynamics of these systems. Identifying the kinetic rate parameters is essential for fully modeling these and other biological processes. These kinetic parameters, however, are not usually available from measurements and most of them have to be estimated by parameter fitting techniques. One of the issues with estimating kinetic parameters in oscillatory systems is the irregularities in the least square (LS) cost function surface used to estimate these parameters, which is caused by the periodicity of the measurements. These irregularities result in numerous local minima, which limit the performance of even some of the most robust global optimization algorithms. We proposed a parameter estimation framework to address these issues that integrates temporal information with periodic information embedded in the measurements used to estimate these parameters. This periodic information is used to build a proposed cost function with better surface properties leading to fewer local minima and better performance of global optimization algorithms. We verified for three oscillatory biochemical systems that our proposed cost function results in an increased ability to estimate accurate kinetic parameters as compared to the traditional LS cost function. We combine this cost function with an improved noise removal approach that leverages periodic characteristics embedded in the measurements to effectively reduce noise. The results provide strong evidence on the efficacy of this noise removal approach over the previous commonly used wavelet hard-thresholding noise removal methods. This proposed optimization framework results in more accurate kinetic parameters that will eventually lead to biochemical models that are more precise, predictable, and controllable. PMID:22587221
Nabavi, Seyedbehzad; Williams, Cranos M
A novel cost function to estimate parameters of oscillatory biochemical systems
Oscillatory pathways are among the most important classes of biochemical systems with examples ranging from circadian rhythms and cell cycle maintenance. Mathematical modeling of these highly interconnected biochemical networks is needed to meet numerous objectives such as investigating, predicting and controlling the dynamics of these systems. Identifying the kinetic rate parameters is essential for fully modeling these and other biological processes. These kinetic parameters, however, are not usually available from measurements and most of them have to be estimated by parameter fitting techniques. One of the issues with estimating kinetic parameters in oscillatory systems is the irregularities in the least square (LS) cost function surface used to estimate these parameters, which is caused by the periodicity of the measurements. These irregularities result in numerous local minima, which limit the performance of even some of the most robust global optimization algorithms. We proposed a parameter estimation framework to address these issues that integrates temporal information with periodic information embedded in the measurements used to estimate these parameters. This periodic information is used to build a proposed cost function with better surface properties leading to fewer local minima and better performance of global optimization algorithms. We verified for three oscillatory biochemical systems that our proposed cost function results in an increased ability to estimate accurate kinetic parameters as compared to the traditional LS cost function. We combine this cost function with an improved noise removal approach that leverages periodic characteristics embedded in the measurements to effectively reduce noise. The results provide strong evidence on the efficacy of this noise removal approach over the previous commonly used wavelet hard-thresholding noise removal methods. This proposed optimization framework results in more accurate kinetic parameters that will eventually lead to biochemical models that are more precise, predictable, and controllable.
Correlation between yield and biochemical parameters in the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L
A detailed study was carried out on six biochemical parameters and four yield attributes using multiple regression analysis to investigate their relationship in the mulberry silkworm,Bombyx mori. The study generated new information on the importance of digestive amylase activity for the survival of the silkworm and revealed the inability of other enzymes to affect this relationship. Data also substantiate the
S. N. Chatterjee; C. G. P. Rao; G. K. Chatterjee; S. K. Ashwath; A. K. Patnaik
Serum Leptin Levels in Obese Indian Children: Relation to Clinical and Biochemical Parameters
Objective: To evaluate serum leptin levels in obese Indian children and its correlation to anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Referral tertiary hospital. Methodology: Leptin levels were measured in 36 children (26 boys, age 1.5 to 15 years) and 37 adults (21 men, age 25 to 69 years) with obesity and 29 normal weight controls (15 children and
Sudhisha Dubey; Madhulika Kabra; Anurag Bajpai; R. M. Pandey; Mahmood Hasan; R. K. Gautam; P. S. N. Menon
Toxic effects of some plants in the genus Euphorbia on haematological and biochemical parameters of rats
ADEDAPO, A. A., M. O. ABATAN, O. O. OLORUNSOGO: Toxic effects of some plants in the genus Euphorbia on haematological and biochemical parameters of rats. Vet. arhiv 74, 53-62, 2004. ABSTRACT The toxic effects of 5 suspected poisonous plants of the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton, E. heterophylla L., E. hirta L., E. hyssopifolia L., and E. lateriflora Schum and
Adeolu A. Adedapo; Matthew O. Abatan; Olufunso O. Olorunsogo
Effect of ethanolic extract of Khaya senegalensis on some biochemical parameters of rat kidney
The effect of administration of ethanolic extract of Khaya senegalensis (2mg\\/kg body weight) on some biochemical parameters of rat kidney were investigated. Experimental animals were randomly divided into the control, those administered with the extract for 6 days and those administered with extract for 18 days, respectively. The prolonged administration of the extract resulted in significant reduction in the alkaline
Joseph O. Adebayo; Musa T. Yakubu; Evans C. Egwim; Victor B. Owoyele; Bernard U. Enaibe
Effect of Nigella Sativa oil on various clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome
Background: The seeds of Nigella sativa plant have been used to promote health and fight disease for centuries especially in the Middle East and Southeast Asia. This plant has been a great focus of research. This clinical study was undertaken to determine the adjuvant effect of Nigella sativa oil on various clinical and biochemical parameters of the metabolic syndrome. Methodology:
A Najmi; SF Haque; M Naseeruddin; RA Khan
Effect of starvation on some morphological and biochemical parameters in white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus
A 10 week study was conducted to determine the effect of starvation on morphological and biochemical parameters in subyearling white sturgeon. The fish were implanted with passive integrated transponder tags so that body weight change of individual fish could be determined. Ten fish were sampled once every 2 weeks. Carcass:body weight percentage, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, chemical composition of carcass
Silas S. O. Hung; Wei Liu; Hongbin Li; Trond Storebakken; Yibo Cui
Variation in certain hematological and biochemical parameters during the peri-partum period in Kilis does
Twenty-eight healthy female Kilis goats were used to investigate the changes which occur in certain hematological and biochemical plasma parameters during the peri-partum period. The hematological parameters recorded were Ca, P, total protein, total cholesterol, Glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT). A marked decrease (p<0.01) in RBC from 18.03±0.30 (count×106\\/mm3) was recorded from early gestation to 16.94±0.23
M. Iriadam
Hematologic, Blood Electrolyte and Blood Biochemical Values of Egyptian Domesticated Animals.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin estimations, packed cell volumes, and total and differential leukocyte counts were made on blood samples from 50 donkeys, 50 mules, 50 camels and 50 cattle from Cairo. These same samples were assayed for serum glutamic pyruv...
B. A. M. Bostros A. Y. Awad A. R. Kozman P. K. Hildebrandt R. R. Maronpot
Hematological and biochemical parameters in apparently healthy Indian population: defining reference intervals.
Clinical reference intervals among Indian population are poorly defined. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish local clinical laboratory reference intervals for healthy Indian population. The present study aimed to identify the 95 % reference interval for hematological and biochemical parameters in apparently healthy Indian population. We undertook a multicentric cross-sectional study conducted at Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation across India. Of which 10,665 reference individuals identified as healthy by physicians. The 95 % of the reference distribution was estimated using 2.5th and 97.5th percentile reference limits. The 95 % reference intervals for hemoglobin (Males: 12.3-17 g/dL; Females: 9.9-14.3 g/dL), platelet count (Males: 1.3-3.8; Females: 1.3-4.2 Lakhs/µL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Males: 2-22; Females: 4-55 mm/h), serum uric acid in males: 3.5-8.2 mg/dL, gamma glutamyl transferase (Males: 13-61 U/L), fasting blood glucose (Males: 78-110 mg/dL), total cholesterol (Males: 115-254 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein (Males: 60-176 mg/dL) and triglycerides (Males: 55-267 mg/dL, Females: 52-207 mg/dL) were different from currently used reference values. Additionally need for gender based partitioning were observed for triglycerides and gamma glutamyl transferase. The observed findings are of clinical significance and it needs to be validated with additional community based studies. PMID:24966476
Sairam, Shrilekha; Domalapalli, Suhasini; Muthu, Sundaram; Swaminathan, Jayanthi; Ramesh, Vivek A; Sekhar, Lalitha; Pandeya, Palak; Balasubramaniam, Udhaya
Role of ?-Tocopherol and ?-Carotene in Ameliorating the Fenvalerate-Induced Changes in Oxidative Stress, Hemato-Biochemical Parameters, and Semen Quality of Male Rats
Role of ?-tocopherol (vitamin E), ?-carotene and\\/or their combination as antioxidants against the toxicity of fenvalerate on blood hematology, free radicals, biochemical parameters, and semen quality were studied in male rats. Fenvalerate (20 mg\\/kg BW), vitamin E (100 mg\\/kg BW), ?-carotene (10 mg\\/kg BW), and vitamin E plus ?-carotene (100 + 10 mg\\/kg BW, respectively) were given alone or in combination with fenvalerate. The tested doses
F. M. El-Demerdash; M. I. Yousef; F. S. Kedwany; H. H. Baghdadi
Physiological responses to starvation in the European eel ( Anguilla anguilla ): effects on haematological, biochemical, non-specific immune parameters and skin structures
The physiological effects of short-term starvation on some haematological, biochemical and non-specific immune response parameters\\u000a together with the histological structure of the skin, were investigated in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Blood haemoglobin and haematocrit, serum glucose and cortisol, hemolysins, haemagglutinins, and lysozyme in the plasma,\\u000a kidney and epidermal extract, were measured in fish after 31, 42 and 58 days of starvation,
G. Caruso; G. Maricchiolo; V. Micale; L. Genovese; R. Caruso; M. G. Denaro
Analysis of oxidative status and biochemical parameters in adult patients with sickle cell anemia treated with hydroxyurea, Cear?, Brazil
Background Sickle cell anemia is a hemoglobinopathy caused by a mutation that results in the production of an abnormal hemoglobin molecule, hemoglobin S (Hb S). This is responsible for profound physiological changes, such as the sickling of red blood cells. Several studies have shown that hydroxyurea protects against vaso-occlusive crises. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress associated with biochemical parameters in patients with sickle cell anemia treated with hydroxyurea. Methods The study was conducted with 20 male and 25 female patients at the Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio. The patients were divided into two groups: a study group (n = 12), patients with sickle cell anemia who were receiving hydroxyurea and a control group (n = 33) of sickle cell anemia patients not submitted to hydroxyurea treatment. The biochemical parameters analyzed were ferritin, transferrin, and serum iron. Glutathione was measured in its reduced form to analyze the oxidative state. Results The results showed insignificant increases in the levels of serum iron, transferrin and ferritin in patients treated with hydroxyurea when compared with those who did not take the medication. However, the glutathione levels were significantly higher in patients taking hydroxyurea than in controls. Conclusions These results indicate that hydroxyurea possibly acts as an antioxidant by increasing glutathione levels.
Teixeira Neto, Paulo Florentino; Goncalves, Romelia Pinheiro; Elias, Darcielle Bruna Dias; de Araujo, Cleiton Pinheiro; Magalhaes, Hemerson Iury Ferreira
Effect of a glyphosate-based herbicide in Cyprinus carpio: assessment of acetylcholinesterase activity, hematological responses and serum biochemical parameters.
The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity effects of acute and sublethal of Roundup® as a glyphosate-based herbicide on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and several hematological and biochemical parameters of Cyprinus carpio. The LC??-96 h of Roundup® to C. carpio was found to be 22.19 ppm. Common carp was subjected to Roundup® at 0 (control), 3.5, 7 and 14 ppm for 16 days, and the AChE activity is verified in tissues of gill, muscle, brain and liver. After 5 days, a significant decrease was observed in the AChE activity of muscle, brain and liver tissues. Besides, a time- and dose-dependent increase in mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell volume (MCV) was observed. In contrast, a significant decrease was found in the quantities of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT) and, red (RBC) and white (WBC) blood cell count. Also, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Roundup® treated groups were significantly higher than the controlled group at experimental periods. However, the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) had a significant reduction behavior during the sampling days. It seems that the changes in hematological and biochemical parameters as well as AChE activity could be used as efficient biomarkers in order to determine Roundup® toxicity in aquatic environment. PMID:24075644
Gholami-Seyedkolaei, Seyed Jalil; Mirvaghefi, Alireza; Farahmand, Hamid; Kosari, Ali Asghar
Trigonella foenum-graecum protection against deltamethrin-induced toxic effects on haematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters in rats.
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is enriched with many active ingredients. TFG oil was evaluated for its protective effect against deltamethrin toxicity in rats. Rats of the control group were administered saline. The 2nd group was administered deltamethrin (DLM) orally at a concentration of 15 mg/kg body mass. The 3rd and 4th groups were administered DLM at a concentration of 15 mg/kg body mass and were fed diets containing 2.5% and 5% TFG oil, respectively. DLM intoxication reduced red blood cell and platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit value while it induced leucocytosis. Furthermore, it increased serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, ?-glutamyltransferase, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, and creatinine; increased hepatic, renal, and brain lipid peroxidation; decreased serum acetylcholine esterase level; and decreased hepatic, renal, and brain antioxidant markers' activities. However, TFG oil kept the studied hematological and biochemical parameters within normal ranges. In addition, it prevented lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress induced by DLM intoxication in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, these results indicated that TFG oil inhibited the toxic effects of DLM on hematological and biochemical parameters as well as oxidative status by its free radical scavenging and potent antioxidant activities, and it appeared to be a promising protective agent against DLM-induced toxicity. PMID:25029214
Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M; Abd Eldaim, Mabrouk A; Mahmoud, Mohamed M
Blood biochemical and cellular changes during a decompression procedure involving eight hours of oxygen prebreathing
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Chemical and cellular parameters were measured in human subjects before and after exposure to a decompression schedule involving 8 h of oxygen prebreathing. The exposure was designed to simulate space-flight extravehicular activity (EVA) for 6 h. Several statistically significant changes in blood parameters were observed following the exposure: increases in calcium, magnesium, osmolality, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, monocytes, and prothrombin time, and decreases in chloride, creatine phosphokinase and eosinophils. The changes, however, were small in magnitude and blood factor levels remained within normal clinical ranges. Thus, the decompression profile used in this study is not likely to result in blood changes that would pose a threat to astronauts during EVA.
Jauchem, J. R.
Use of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters to assess the chronic effects of a fungicide propiconazole on a freshwater teleost.
Blood is an indicator of physiological condition of an animal. Therefore, the chronic effects of propiconazole, a triazole fungicide present in aquatic environment, on hematology of rainbow trout were investigated in this study. Fish were exposed at various concentrations of PCZ (0.2, 50 and 500 ?g L(-1)) for 7, 20 and 30 d. Multiple biomarkers were measured, including hematological indices (hemoglobin concentration, red blood cells count, hematocrit, leukocyte count, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin, mean erythrocyte volume and mean color concentration) and plasma biochemical parameters (ammonia, glucose, total proteins, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). Through principal component analysis and integrated biomarker response assessment, influence extent induced by PCZ-stress of each test group was distinguished. Additional, all parameters measured in this study displayed different dependent patterns to PCZ concentrations and exposure time by two-way ANOVA. The results of this study indicate that chronic exposure of PCZ has altered multiple physiological indices in fish hematology and CK activity may be an early biomarker of PCZ toxicity; however, before these parameters are used as special biomarkers for monitoring residual PCZ in aquatic environment, more detailed experiments in laboratory need to be performed in the future. PMID:21190711
Li, Zhi-Hua; Velisek, Josef; Grabic, Roman; Li, Ping; Kolarova, Jitka; Randak, Tomas
Evaluation of cardiac subacute toxicity of ciprofloxacin in rats using serum biochemical parameters.
Cardiac subacute toxicity induced by ciprofloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid, CAS 86393-32-0) a relatively new quinolone carboxylic acid derivative with an extensive antibacterial spectrum was investigated in healthy rats using serum biochemical parameters. Toxicological evaluation was performed in serum samples following the administration of the therapeutic dose regimens of the compound. Cardiac subacute toxicity was evaluated by measuring serum enzyme activity of creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (muscular-brain), lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. The serum biochemical parameters indicated that the cardiac subactue toxicity of ciprofloxacin was: Cipro 1.2 (250 mg) = Cipro 2.4 (500 mg) < Cipro 4.3 (750 mg). PMID:11505790
Pispirigos, K; Chrysanthopoulos, K
Chronic toxic effects of quinalphos on some biochemical parameters in Labeo rohita (Ham.)
The effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations of the organophosphate pesticide, quinalphos (1.12, 0.22 mg\\/l) on biochemical parameters of muscle and enzyme activities in brain, liver and kidney of the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita was studied after 15, 30 and 45 days. The muscle protein and RNA levels decreased whereas DNA levels and acid phosphatase were elevated. Similarly, alkaline
B. K Das; S. C Mukherjee
Long term effects of phlebotomy on biochemical and histological parameters of chronic hepatitis C
OBJECTIVES:There is considerable evidence that iron is a risk factor for liver injury in chronic hepatitis C. Known as iron reduction therapy, phlebotomy reduces serum ALT activity. This effect might continue with maintenance phlebotomy and result in slower progression of liver fibrosis.METHODS:We examined the biochemical parameters and liver histology of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated by maintenance phlebotomy. For
Motoyoshi Yano; Hisao Hayashi; Shinya Wakusawa; Fujiko Sanae; Toshikuni Takikawa; Yuhta Shiono; Motohiro Arao; Koji Ukai; Hiroshi Ito; Kazumasa Watanabe; Kentaro Yoshioka
Long term effects of phlebotomy on biochemical and histological parameters of chronic hepatitis C
OBJECTIVE:There is considerable evidence that iron is a risk factor for liver injury in chronic hepatitis C. Known as iron reduction therapy, phlebotomy reduces serum ALT activity. This effect might continue with maintenance phlebotomy and result in slower progression of liver fibrosis.METHODS:We examined the biochemical parameters and liver histology of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated by maintenance phlebotomy. For
Motoyoshi Yano; Hisao Hayashi; Shinya Wakusawa; Fujiko Sanae; Toshikuni Takikawa; Yuhta Shiono; Motohiro Arao; Koji Ukai; Hiroshi Ito; Kazumasa Watanabe; Kentaro Yoshioka
Effect of nanosilver on blood parameters in chickens having aflatoxicosis.
This experiment is designed to investigate the positive effects of commercial nanosilver compound on blood parameters in experimental aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. For this, 270 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into six treatment groups with three replicates. The experimental groups were group A: chickens fed with basal diet; group B: chickens fed with 3 ppm productive aflatoxin in basal diet; groups of C, D, E and F received Mycoad (2.5 g/kg diet), Mycoad (2.5 g/kg diet) + productive aflatoxin (3 ppm), Nanocid (2500 ppm), and Nanocid (2500 ppm) + productive aflatoxin (3 ppm) in basal diet, respectively. Results revealed that some of the blood parameters such as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and eosinophils percentage were not affected in this experiment; whereas, hemoglobin percentage and white blood cell (WBC) count in all the groups fed with 3 ppm aflatoxin except nanocid + aflatoxin decreased significantly (p < 0.05). There are no significant differences between the groups that received nanocid + aflatoxin and mycoad + aflatoxin in hemoglobin percentage and WBC count parameters. The red blood cell count and hematocrit in chickens received aflatoxin were significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that nanocid similar as mycoad can be useful in reducing the adverse effects of aflatoxin on blood parameters in chickens affected with aflatoxicosis. PMID:22782710
Gholami-Ahangaran, Majid; Zia-Jahromi, Noosha
Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters during Long Term Exposure of Arsenic in Goats
The present investigation was designed to determine whether supplementation of different level of vitamin E for 12 months to arsenic exposed goats (50 ppm as sodium arsenite) affords protection against the blood hemato-biochemical parameters caused by the metalloid. A total of 24 crossbred (Alpine×Beetal) lactating goats were assigned randomly into 4 equal groups (control, T1, T2 and T3) of 6 in each, on the basis of average body weight (36.10±0.11 kg) and milk yield (1.61±0.04 kg/d). The animals in T1, T2 and T3 were given 50 ppm arsenic, while in T2 and T3, additionally; vitamin E at the rate of 100 IU and 150 IU/kg dry matter (DM) respectively was additionally supplemented for the period of 12 months. Hemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte (TLC) and blood lymphocyte % were decreased (p<0.05) in arsenic fed groups and vitamin E supplementation in the experimental group showed a protective potential. Significant increases (p<0.05) in aspertate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities among arsenic supplemented groups were recorded, however vitamin E supplementation at higher doses showed a protective effect (p<0.05) against AST but in the case of ALT no ameliorating effect was found in either of the doses. Plasma total protein was decreased (p>0.05) but creatinine level was periodically increased in all As supplemented groups and vitamin E supplementation did not produce any protective effect. It can be concluded that arsenic exposure resulted in varying degree of changes in hemato-biochemical parameters and activities of antioxidant enzymes in goats but concomitant treatment with Vitamin E is partially helpful in reducing the burden of arsenic induced effect.
Das, Tapan Kumar; Mani, Veena; Kaur, Harjit; Kewalramani, Neelam; Agarwal, Anjali
Arterial blood pressure parameter estimation and tracking using particle filters
In this paper, we present a computationally efficient method for adaptive tracking of physiological parameters such as heart rate and respiratory rate from the arterial blood pressure (ABP) measurement using particle filters. A previously reported estimation and tracking method was based on approximating the nonlinear models to linear ones based on the extended Kalman filters. However, the dynamic state-space model
B. Balasingam; M. Forouzanfar; M. Bolic; H. Dajani; V. Groza; S. Rajan
Toxicity assessment of two soils from Jales mine (Portugal) using plants: growth and biochemical parameters.
Contaminants in soils can enter food chains through primary producers. Bioavailable contaminants can induce growth, and reproductive or biochemical changes in plants. To evaluate the bioavailability of heavy metals in two soils from Jales mine surroundings, bioassays with the plants Brassica rapa (RCBr) and Avena sativa were performed. Biochemical parameters (protein and malondialdehyde [MDA] content, and catalase and peroxidase activities) were also measured. The soils had different heavy metal contents: JNC soil contained low heavy metal concentrations, whereas JC soil had high heavy metal contents. Results stressed the difference between species sensitivity, with A. sativa showing no toxicity effects when exposed to both soils. On the other hand, B. rapa presented a decrease in growth parameters when exposed to JNC soil and no changes when exposed to JC soil. A Life Cycle Bioassay confirmed this trend for B. rapa exposed to JNC soil, but also evidenced that JC soil was affecting B. rapa in terms of flower and seed pod production. Biochemical assays showed that plants affected by heavy metals also displayed oxidative stress, with an increase in MDA production, reduction of protein content, and reduction of catalase and peroxidase activities. All bioassays revealed that JNC soil, although with a lower heavy metal content, had a higher bioavailable fraction when compared to JC soil, which consequently increased its toxicity to plants. PMID:16307215
Loureiro, Susana; Santos, Conceiçăo; Pinto, Glória; Costa, Armando; Monteiro, Marta; Nogueira, António J A; Soares, Amadeu M V M
Effect of gender, biochemical parameters & parathyroid surgery on gastrointestinal manifestations of symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism
Background & objectives: Information on gastrointestinal manifestations and then response after curative parathyroid surgery is scarce in symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). This study was carried out to analyse gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with PHPT and their associations with biochemical parameters. Methods: This retrospective study included 153 patients with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The signs and symptoms pertaining to gastrointestinal system were analyzed. The difference of symptoms between men and women and difference in biochemical parameters in presence of different symptoms were evaluated. The relationship between serum calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with presence of gallstone and pancreatitis was also studied. Result: Of the 153 patients, 46 (30%) were men. The mean age was 39.2 ± 13.9 yr. Nearly 80 per cent of PHPT patients had at least one symptom/ sign related to gastrointestinal system. The most common gastrointestinal manifestations were abdominal pain 66 (43%), constipation 55 (36%), and nausea/or vomiting 46 (30%). Nearly one-fourth 34 (22%) of patients had a history of either gallstone disease or cholecystectomy or both. The prevalence of gallstone disease was higher in women (P<0.05). Imaging and biochemical evidence of pancreatitis was found in 27 (18%) patients. Pancreatitis was more common in men compared to women (P<0.05) despite the higher prevalence of gallstones in women. Serum calcium, phosphate or PTH levels were not associated with high risk for gallstone disease, however, serum calcium (P<0.05) was associated with 1.3 times higher risk of developing pancreatitis. In majority of patients, gastrointestinal manifestations resolved within three months of curative parathyroidectomy. Except two patients, none had recurrence of pancreatitis. Interpretation & conclusions: The study revealed that the gastrointestinal symptoms were common in patients with symptomatic PHPT. There was not much gender difference in gastrointestinal symptoms except higher occurrence of gallstones in women and pancreatitis in men. There was no difference in biochemical profile between those who had and did not have gastrointestinal symptoms.
Shah, Viral N.; Bhadada, Sanjay Kumar; Bhansali, Anil; Behera, A.; Bhattacharya, Anish; Nahar, Uma; Bhasin, Deepak; Vadera, Bhavin
Effect of bioactive compounds extracted from euphorbious plants on hematological and biochemical parameters of Channa punctatus.
Channa punctatus was exposed to four different concentrations of Rutin, Taraxerol and Apigenin. Changes in some hematological parameters of Channa punctatus were assessed to determine the influence of these compounds on test fish. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (80% of LC50 of 24h) of these compounds for one week. Control fish were also administered for one week. Thereafter, blood samples were obtained from the control and experimental fish. Blood was assayed for selected hematological parameters (hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, white blood cell count total plasma protein and plasma glucose concentration). The derived hematological indices of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were calculated. Sublethal concentrations of these compounds caused a dose dependent decrease in hemoglobin values coupled with a decrease in hematocrit values and red blood cell counts are an obvious indication of anemia. The total white blood cell counts and the differential white blood cell counts were decreased except for the lymphocytes, where there was a slight increase. Plasma protein and glucose were also lower in exposed fish when compared with control. The hematological indices MCH, MCHC, MCV were also lowered. The result from this study reveals high mortality rate and deleterious consequences on the health of fish subjected to acute exposure of Rutin, Taraxerol and Apigenin and therefore, should not be used directly in aquaculture without having the proper knowledge. PMID:22012451
Shahi, Jaya; Singh, Ajay
The influences of SE infection on layers' production performance, egg quality and blood biochemical indicators
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE), as a major cause of foodborn illness, infects humans mainly through the egg. However, the symptom of laying hens usually is not typical and hard to diagnosis. In the present study, it is studied that the influences of SE infection on layers' performance, egg quality and blood biochemical indicators. It will help us to improve the strategy to control SE infection in commercial layers. One hundred layers at 20 wk of age were divided into 2 groups, 60 hens for experiment and others for control. The experiment group was fed with the dosage of 108 CFU SE per hen. The specific PCR was used to detect the deposition of SE. On the 8 d after SE infection, 10 hens from the control group and 30 hens from the experimental group were slaughtered to detect the SE colonization. The production performance, egg quality and blood biochemical indices were also analyzed. Results The results showed that the colonization rate of SE was highest in caecum contents (55.17%) and lowest in vagina (17.24%). For the eggs the detection rate of SE was highest on the eggshell (80.00%) and lowest in yolk (18.81%). SE infection had no significant influence on production performance and egg qualities (P > 0.05). The difference of laying rate between the experimental and control groups was less than 0.30%, and both were approximately equal to 82.00%. The blood analysis showed that the aspartic aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of experimental group was significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). For experimental and control groups AST values were 236.22 U/l and 211.84 U/l respectively, and ALT values were 32.19 U/l and 24.55 U/l. All of coefficients were less than 20%. The colonization of SE in organs increases the enzyme activities of AST and ALT in blood. Conclusions SE in feed could invade the oviduct and infect the forming eggs. It significantly increased the concentration of ALT and AST in blood. However,SE infection was hard to be observed from the appearances of layer and egg. It might be a dangerous risk to human health.
Effects of alachlor on biochemical parameters of the freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch).
The fresh water fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) were exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of a chloroacetanilide herbicide Alachlor and its commercial formulation Lasso 50% Emulsifiable Concentrate EC to study the impacts on some biochemical parameters - the energy dependent sources: such as glycogen, total proteins and metabolic enzymes: Aspartate amino transferase (AAT), Alanine amino transferase (ALAT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA). The glycogen, total proteins, DNA, RNA were all decreased but the activity of the enzymes AAT, ALAT and LDH were all increased which is due to the toxic stress. The percentage decrease being more pronounced at lethal concentrations than at sublethal concentrations. PMID:20120471
Tilak, K S; Raju, P Wilson; Butchiram, M S
Biochemical characterization of blood orange, sweet orange, lemon, bergamot and bitter orange
This paper reports on the composition of aroma compounds and fatty acids and some physico-chemical parameters (juice percentage, acidity and total sugars) in five varieties of citrus: blood orange, sweet orange, lemon, bergamot and bitter orange. Volatile compounds and methyl esters have been analyzed by gas chromatography. Limonene is the most abundant compound of monoterpene hydrocarbons for all of the
Brahim Marzouk
Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of the serotonin transporter in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) plays a critical role in the termination of serotonin neurotransmission and represents the prime target for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In the present study, the 5-HTT protein in human peripheral blood lymphocyte was characterized pharmacologically and biochemically. The tricyclic antidepressant drug [(3)H]imipramine, an established ligand for the neuronal and platelet 5-HTT, bound saturably and reversibly to a single population of non-interacting binding sites in fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The affinity of [(3)H]imipramine (K(d)) to the transporter, calculated from association and dissociation kinetic experiments, was similar to that obtained from the equilibrium study. The function of the transporter was studied using high affinity [(3)H]5-HT uptake into fresh lymphocytes. [(3)H]Imipramine binding and [(3)H]5-HT uptake were inhibited by tricyclic antidepressants as well as by SSRIs. Western blot analysis as well as immunoprecipitation analysis revealed labeling of a single protein band of approximately 100 kDa. The presence of the 5-HTT in easily accessible nucleated cells such as peripheral blood lymphocytes might permit molecular genetic studies in mood and anxiety disorder patients, and might enhance the understanding of the different efficacies of antidepressants in depressed patients. PMID:15056483
Barkan, Tal; Gurwitz, David; Levy, Galit; Weizman, Abraham; Rehavi, Moshe
Evaluation of the toxicity of cypermethrin pesticide on organs weight loss and some biochemical and histological parameters.
An increase in global food demand has resulted in a significant increase in the use of pesticides in agriculture. Synthetic pyrethroid pesticides account for over 30% of the global pesticide use; Pyrethroid pesticides were used preferably over organochlorines and organophosphates due to their high effectiveness, low toxicity to non-target organisms and easy biodegrability. It has widespread applications in agriculture through the world and as well in Algeria. Cypermethrin is one of the most insecticidal pyrethroids widely used in agriculture regions of Setif. to control wide range of insect pests in a variety of crops. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cypermethrin (Cyper-Ac 271 g/l from the active substance of the cypermethrin) on hematological, biochemical parameters, body weight loss, and histopathological study of some organs. Male mice weighing 30-40g were used, separated in 5 groups, n=6, two groups controls given vehicle (oil vegetable) and three experimental groups (Cypermetherin and vegetable oil). The animals were gavaged by 1/5 LD50 (LD50 = 485 mg/kg b/w) for 2 and 4 weeks respectively, and with 1/20 LD50 for 12 weeks, then the animals sacrificed at the end of the experiment.. Blood was collected. Enzyme activities were assayed in the plasma samples obtained. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALPH) and Glucose. Red blood cells, (RBC), and white blood cells (WBC) were calculated too. The samples of liver and kidney were processed for histology. The results indicated a significant increase in transaminases GOT, GPT, and AlP. The decrease in Hb, RBC and WBC which are related to the immunity, this is probably due to cell lyses explain the effect of Cypermetherin on erythropoeisis. cypermethrin treatment exhibited severe histopathological changes, especially in the liver and kideney accompanied by weight loss of some organs. We conclude that cypermethrin induces oxidative stress and modifies biochemical parameters and histological aspects of liver and kidney. PMID:22702208
Dahamna, S; Belguet, A; Bouamra, D; Guendouz, A; Mergham, M; Harzallah, D
Spent Mushroom Substrate Influences Elk (Cervus Elaphus Canadensis) Hematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) derived from Pleurotus eryngii on the hematological and biochemical blood properties of elk. A total of 18, two and three-year-old elk were fed three different levels of SMS (0, 15 and 20%) in a corn-wheat bran diet for 80 days. The results indicated significantly high levels of blood monocytes, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) in elk fed 15% or 20% SMS (p<0.05) compared to control animals. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose concentrations were also significantly elevated in elk fed both 15% and 20% SMS. The inclusion of SMS in the elk diet did not affect serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, or low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations; however, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased in SMS-fed groups. In addition, 20% SMS in the diet increased serum iron and testosterone concentrations in elk. These results indicate that adding SMS to the diet of elk can increase their Hgb, serum BUN, glucose, and HDL-cholesterol concentration; therefore, diets containing SMS may enhance the physiologic condition of elk during growth.
Park, Jae Hong; Kim, Sang Woo; Do, Yoon Jung; Kim, Hyun; Ko, Yeoung Gyu; Yang, Boh Suk; Shin, Daekeun; Cho, Young Moo
Rosa canina L. Fruit Hydro-Alcoholic Extract Effects on Some Immunological and Biochemical Parameters in Rats
Introduction This research investigates the possible potential of Rosa canina (RC) as an immunomodulator in rats and its effects on some biochemical parameters. Methods In this experiment, 45 male Wistar rats were obtained and divided into three groups (n = 15). These groups received normal saline (10 mg/kg), RC fruit extract (250 mg/kg) and RC fruit extract (500 mg/kg) as oral gavages every day for a period of four weeks, respective-ly. After obtaining blood samples (at the end of each week), differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, phagocyte activity (number), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP) albumin and globulins levels of sam-ples were obtained. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the se-rum were determined only in day 28 of study. The radical scavenger activity (RSA) of the RC extract was measured spectrophotometrically. Results the gamma globulin level, neu-trophil and monocyte counts and phagocyte activity increased significantly in comparison with the normal saline group. ALT, AST and ALP had not significantly differences in compared to control group. RC extract significantly increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and also decreased GSH levels in comparing to control group in day 28. Conclusion the data suggest that the RC extract has been used in traditional medicine might have immunomodulatory effects.
Sadigh-Eteghad, Saeed; Tayefi-Nasrabadi, Hossein; Aghdam, Zahra; Zarredar, Habib; Shanehbandi, Dariush; Khayyat, Leila; Seyyed-Piran, Seyyed-Hamed
Identification of regulatory structure and kinetic parameters of biochemical networks via mixed-integer dynamic optimization
Background Recovering the network topology and associated kinetic parameter values from time-series data are central topics in systems biology. Nevertheless, methods that simultaneously do both are few and lack generality. Results Here, we present a rigorous approach for simultaneously estimating the parameters and regulatory topology of biochemical networks from time-series data. The parameter estimation task is formulated as a mixed-integer dynamic optimization problem with: (i) binary variables, used to model the existence of regulatory interactions and kinetic effects of metabolites in the network processes; and (ii) continuous variables, denoting metabolites concentrations and kinetic parameters values. The approach simultaneously optimizes the Akaike criterion, which captures the trade-off between complexity (measured by the number of parameters), and accuracy of the fitting. This simultaneous optimization mitigates a possible overfitting that could result from addition of spurious regulatory interactions. Conclusion The capabilities of our approach were tested in one benchmark problem. Our algorithm is able to identify a set of plausible network topologies with their associated parameters.
Set-base dynamical parameter estimation and model invalidation for biochemical reaction networks
Background Mathematical modeling and analysis have become, for the study of biological and cellular processes, an important complement to experimental research. However, the structural and quantitative knowledge available for such processes is frequently limited, and measurements are often subject to inherent and possibly large uncertainties. This results in competing model hypotheses, whose kinetic parameters may not be experimentally determinable. Discriminating among these alternatives and estimating their kinetic parameters is crucial to improve the understanding of the considered process, and to benefit from the analytical tools at hand. Results In this work we present a set-based framework that allows to discriminate between competing model hypotheses and to provide guaranteed outer estimates on the model parameters that are consistent with the (possibly sparse and uncertain) experimental measurements. This is obtained by means of exact proofs of model invalidity that exploit the polynomial/rational structure of biochemical reaction networks, and by making use of an efficient strategy to balance solution accuracy and computational effort. Conclusions The practicability of our approach is illustrated with two case studies. The first study shows that our approach allows to conclusively rule out wrong model hypotheses. The second study focuses on parameter estimation, and shows that the proposed method allows to evaluate the global influence of measurement sparsity, uncertainty, and prior knowledge on the parameter estimates. This can help in designing further experiments leading to improved parameter estimates.
Influence of Capparis spinosa and Acacia arabica on certain biochemical haemolymph parameters of Biomphalaria alexandrina.
The work investigated the molluscicidal potency of dried Capparis spinosa and Acacia arabica leaves on selected biochemical parameters of Bionimphalaria alexandrina, in order to render them, physiologically, unsuitable for S. mansoni infection or at least disturb the life-cycle of the parasite within its respective snail host. The effect of the two plants on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase (AP), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST & ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucose content were studied. This work was extended to evaluate the effect of these two plants on protein profile as well as total protein (TP) content of snail's in haemolymph after 24 hours and one week of snails plants feeding. The study revealed that both plants induced marked alteration in all the measured parameters, where LC50 of C. spinosa after fed one week showed the most potent effect. PMID:15287187
Mantawy, Mona M; Hamed, Manal A; Sammour, Elham M; Sanad, Mahmoud
IL8 Is Associated with Non-Viremic State and IFN-? with Biochemical Activity in HCV-Seropositive Blood Donors
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore a possible association between the pattern of serum cytokines with the virological and biochemical status of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-seropositive blood donors. Methods: 23 non-viremic and 33 viremic HCV-seropositive blood donors based on HCV-RNA tests, and 29 healthy individuals were included. Cytometric bead array assays were performed to detect cytokines. Results:
Maria Alice S. Zarife; Eliana A. G. Reis; Glenda C. Meira; Theomira M. A. Carmo; Gisele B. Lopes; Emilia C. O. B. Malafaia; Helder R. Silva; Nelma Santana; Olindo A. Martins-Filho; Mitermayer G. Reis
Effects of the surfactant polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) on genotoxic, biochemical and physiological parameters of the freshwater teleost Prochilodus lineatus.
The surfactant polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) is added to several formulations of glyphosate herbicides that are widely used in agriculture and can contaminate aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, an integrated approach examining genotoxic, biochemical and physiological parameters was employed to evaluate acute effects of POEA on the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. Juvenile fish were exposed to 0.15mg·L(-1) (POEA 1), 0.75mg·L(-1) (POEA 2) and 1.5mg·L(-1) (POEA 3) of POEA or only water (CTR), and after 24h exposure samples of blood and liver were taken. Compared with CTR, liver of fish exposed to POEA 2 and POEA 3 showed increased activity of 7 ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and increased content of glutathione, whereas the activity of glutathione-S-transferase was diminished. On the other hand, fish of the group POEA 1 showed an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and in the occurrence of lipid peroxidation. Fish exposed to POEA 3 presented increased hepatic activity of glutathione peroxidase and reduced plasma cortisol. The exposure to POEA at all concentrations tested caused an increase in plasma lactate and a decrease in the hepatic activity of catalase, in the number of red blood cells and in hemoglobin content. The comet assay used for analyzing DNA damage in blood cells indicated the genotoxicity of the surfactant at all concentrations tested. Taken together these results show that POEA can cause effects at various levels, such as hemolysis, DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, which are directly related to an imbalance in the redox state of the fish. PMID:24955954
Navarro, Claudia D C; Martinez, Claudia B R
Antioxidant effect of selenium on lipid peroxidation, hyperlipidemia and biochemical parameters in rats exposed to diazinon.
Diazinon (DZN) is one of the most organophosphate insecticides that widely used in agriculture and industry. Selenium is generally recognized to be a trace mineral of great importance for human health, protecting the cells from the harmful effects of free radicals. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the alterations in biochemical parameters, free radicals and enzyme activities induced by diazinon in male rat serum, and the role of selenium in alleviating the negative effects of DZN. Animals were divided into four groups of seven rats each; the first group was used as control. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with selenium (Se; 200?g/kg BW), diazinon (DZN; 10mg/kg BW) and diazinon plus selenium, respectively. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily for 30 days. Results obtained showed that DZN significantly induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and decreased the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in rat sera. Aminotransferases (AST, ALT), phosphatases (AlP, AcP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were significantly increased while acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was decreased due to DZN administration. Also, DZN treatment caused significant perturbations in lipids profile and serum biochemical parameters. On the other hand, Se alone significantly decreased the levels of TBARS, total lipids, cholesterol, urea and creatinine, while increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content, total protein (TP) and albumin. In addition, Se in combination with DZN partially or totally alleviated its toxic effects on the studied parameters. In conclusion, Se has beneficial effects and could be able to antagonize DZN toxicity. PMID:24188896
El-Demerdash, Fatma M; Nasr, Hoda M
The effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on some physiological and biochemical parameters in mild hypertensive patients.
An open label intervention study was undertaken on 26 mild hypertensives and 26 apparently healthy adults (30-60 y), for the effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga practice for two months as complementary therapy. In the hypertensives, there was a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), serum urea (P < 0.01) and plasma MDA (malondialdehyde adducts) as oxidative stress marker (P < 0.05). Other parameters; viz.; plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, did not change significantly (P > 0.1). The pattern of change in most of the study parameters was such that values above normal range were lowered but values within normal range were unaltered. The action of Yoga on diastolic blood pressure, malondialdehyde adducts and kidney function in hypertensives was of counteractive nature and felt to be distinctly different than the effect of drugs. PMID:22319901
Agte, Vaishali V; Jahagirdar, Madhavi U; Tarwadi, Kirtan V
Establishment of reference interval for liver specific biochemical parameters in apparently healthy north Indian population.
Reference intervals (RI) are the most common decision support tool used for interpretation of numerical laboratory reports. The quality of the RI can play as large a role in result interpretation as the quality of the result itself. As such there is hardly any study examining RI for liver specific biochemical parameters in Indian population especially north Indians having drastically different food habits as compared to rest of the India. So there is a need to establish the RI for north Indian population. Present study was conducted on 2,021 apparently healthy individuals of north Indian origin ranging in age from 15-60 years, were selected randomly using defined criteria. Lipemic, hemolysed, icteric and stored samples were also excluded adopting preanalytical criteria for rejection of sample. Non parametric methodology for determination of RI was adopted as most of the biochemical parameters included revealed non Gaussian distribution. Data were analyzed for middle 95 percentile (2.5th-97.5th percentile), median and 95 % confidence interval using SPSS software package version 10.0. The upper and the lower limit of RI (reported Vs observed) for bilirubin (0-1.2 Vs 0.30-1.30 mg/dL), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (SGOT) (0-41 Vs 13-52.80 IU/L), serum glutamate pyruvate transferase (SGPT) (0-50 Vs 10-68 IU/L) showed wide variation as compared to reported standard RI however Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) (0-50 Vs 5.00-50.60 IU/L) remained within the reported standard RI. Further gender wise evaluation revealed higher cutoff in males (AST 14-55, ALT 11-70.35, GGT 6.76-51.09 in IU/L, bilirubin (0.40-1.34 mg/dL) as compared to females (SGOT 13-50.43, SGPT 9-63.43, GGT 3.92-48.70 in IU/L, Bilirubin 0.30-1.20 mg/dL) for both enzymatic and non enzymatic biochemical parameters. The variations may be attributed to dietary pattern smoking and alcoholism. PMID:24381418
Yadav, Dharamveer; Mishra, Sandhya; Gupta, Monika; John, P J; Sharma, Praveen
Biochemical and hematologic parameters for children in the middle belt of Ghana.
Reference values derived from developed countries are used in many countries in Africa for interpretation of laboratory results obtained during routine healthcare and clinical trials. Use of locally derived reference values has been recommended. The purpose of the study was to establish age- and sex-specific reference values for children in the middle belt of Ghana. Reference values were determined for 21 biochemical and 18 hematologic parameters by using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3 guidelines in a sample of 1,442 healthy children. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, erythrocytes, urea, and creatinine were lower when compared with values from northern countries but alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin were higher. A panel of locally relevant age- and sex-specific reference values was established for commonly used biochemical and hematologic tests in children in the middle part of Ghana. This will help in interpretation of laboratory results for clinical management of patients, screening, and safety monitoring during clinical trials. PMID:24591437
Dosoo, David K; Asante, Kwaku P; Kayan, Kingsley; Adu-Gyasi, Dennis; Osei-Kwakye, Kingsley; Mahama, Emmanuel; Danso, Samuel; Amenga-Etego, Stephen; Bilson, Philip; Koram, Kwadwo A; Owusu-Agyei, Seth
Blood thioredoxin reductase activity, oxidative stress and hematological parameters in painters and battery workers: relationship with lead and cadmium levels in blood.
Oxidative stress has been shown to be involved in lead and cadmium toxicity. We recently showed that the activity of the antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is increased in the kidneys of lead-exposed rats. The present study evaluated the blood cadmium and blood lead levels (BLLs) and their relationship with hematological and oxidative stress parameters, including blood TrxR activity in 50 painters, 23 battery workers and 36 control subjects. Erythrocyte ?-aminolevulinate dehydratase (?-ALA-D) activity and its reactivation index were measured as biomarkers of lead effects. BLLs increased in painters, but were even higher in the battery workers group. In turn, blood cadmium levels increased only in the painters group, whose levels were higher than the recommended limit. ?-ALA-D activity was inhibited only in battery workers, whereas the ?-ALA-D reactivation index increased in both exposed groups; both parameters were correlated to BLLs (r?=?-0.59 and 0.84, P?0.05), whereas the reactivation index was also correlated to blood cadmium levels (r?=?0.27, P?0.05). The changes in oxidative stress and hematological parameters were distinctively associated with either BLLs or blood cadmium levels, except glutathione-S-transferase activity, which was correlated with both lead (r?=?0.34) and cadmium (r?=?0.47; P?0.05). However, TrxR activity did not correlate with any of the metals evaluated. In conclusion, blood TrxR activity does not seem to be a good parameter to evaluate oxidative stress in lead- and cadmium-exposed populations. However, lead-associated changes in biochemical and hematological parameters at low BLLs underlie the necessity of re-evaluating the recommended health-based limits in occupational exposure to this metal. PMID:21910133
Conterato, Greicy M M; Bulcăo, Rachel P; Sobieski, Rocheli; Moro, Angela M; Charăo, Mariele F; de Freitas, Fernando A; de Almeida, Fernanda L; Moreira, Ana P L; Roehrs, Miguel; Tonello, Raquel; Batista, Bruno L; Grotto, Denise; Barbosa, Fernando; Garcia, Solange C; Emanuelli, Tatiana
Blood parameters changes in cord blood of newborns of hypertensive mothers.
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the peripheral blood of newborns of hypertensive mothers. The umbilical cord blood from newborns of 31 hypertensive mothers and 32 healthy mothers were examined. In all subjects, complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, reticulocyte count, vitamin B12, folate, ferritin levels and hemoglobin electrophoresis were performed. The subjects were followed up on for 1 year in terms of infections. RBC, hemoglobin, reticulocyte count and normoblast count were higher in the newborns of hypertensive mothers compared to the control group, and total leukocytes, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and thrombocyte counts were lower. The number of neutropenic and thrombocytopenic subjects in newborns of hypertensive mothers was higher compared to the control group. On peripheral smears, dysplastic changes in neutrophils and erythrocytes were observed with a higher rate in newborns of hypertensive mothers compared to the control group. HbF levels were found to be higher in newborns of hypertensive mothers compared to the control group. During the follow-up period of 1 year, the number of infections in newborns of hypertensive mothers was found to be higher than the control group. Conclusion: Newborns of hypertensive mothers should be carefully evaluated and monitored in terms of hematologic abnormalities. Complete blood counts and peripheral blood smears can be used as significant parameters for early diagnosis of possible complications. PMID:23812509
Bolat, Ahmet; Gursel, Orhan; Kurekci, Emin; Atay, Avni; Ozcan, Okan
The Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Background Vitamin A has different functions in the body and after being converted to acid form; it can play many roles in immune system regulation. Therefore, this vitamin can be used as a supplement in the treatment of diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble compound and its long-term consumption in high doses can have some adverse effects. Objective The current study aimed to investigate the possible complications and find solutions to minimize the adverse effects. Patients and Methods This study was a double blind randomized clinical trial. In the main study, vitamin A (as retinyl palmitate) was given to 35 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in order to regulate their immune system with a dose of 25000 IU/day for a period of six months. To investigate the possible biochemical complications, lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar (FBS), liver enzymes, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were tested. Results Vitamin A did not have a significant difference in lipid profiles, FBS and liver enzymes between the two groups receiving vitamin A and the placebo, but CRP increased in patients who were taking vitamin A, 1.65±0.43 (mg/L) and 2.88±0.67, (Mean±SEM), before and after the intervention respectively (P=0.029), and statistical analysis showed significant differences with the group receiving placebo (P=0.011) and CRP level in vitamin A group was 1.3 mg/L more than those of the placebo group after intervention (P=0.011). Conclusions Considering that no significant difference was found in the proven vitamin A side effects, due to the increase in CRP, frequent clinical and biochemical controls are required along with vitamin A supplementation.
Jafarirad, Sima; Siassi, Fereydoon; Harirchian, Mohammad-Hossein; Amani, Reza; Bitarafan, Sama; Saboor-Yaraghi, Aliakbar
Status Report on Red Blood Cell Freezing: Biochemical Modification and Freeze-Preservation in the Original Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Collection Bag.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Recently the Naval Blood Research Laboratory has been freezing red blood cells in a collection system which uses either a triple or a quadruple bag setup. Blood collection and red blood cell biochemical modification and freeze-preservation can be accompli...
C. R. Valeri D. A. Valeri J. Anastasi C. G. Zaroulis J. J. Vecchione
Effects of Lichenic Extracts (Hypogymnia physodes, Ramalina polymorpha and Usnea florida) on Human Blood Cells: Cytogenetic and Biochemical Study.
Several lichen species have been used for medicinal purposes throughout the ages, and they were reported to be effective in the treatment of different disorders including tuberculosis, hemorrhoids, ulcer, dysentery and cancer. It is revealed that they may be easily accessible sources of natural drugs that could be used as a possible food supplement or in pharmaceutical industry after their safety evaluations. However, so far, the nature and/or biological roles of plenty of lichenes have not been elucidated exactly. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic and oxidative effects of water extracts of three different lichen species; Hypogymnia physodes, Ramalina polymorpha and Usnea florida in cultured human blood cells (n = 5) for the first time. All lichen species were collected from the Erzurum and Artvin provinces (in Turkey) during August 2010. The lichen extracts were added into culture tubes at various concentrations (0 to 2000 mg/L). Chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests were used for genotoxic influences estimation. In addition, biochemical parameters (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS)) were examined to determine oxidative effects. In our in-vitro test systems, it was observed that all tested lichen extracts had no mutagenic effects on human lymphocytes. Furthermore, these extracts exhibited antioxidant properties due to the type of lichen species added to the cultures. In conclusion, these lichens can be a new resource of therapeutics as recognized in this study with their non-mutagenic and antioxidant features. PMID:24250516
Türkez, Hasan; Ayd?n, Elanur; Aslan, Ali
Could selenium administration alleviate the disturbances of blood parameters caused by lithium administration in rats?
Lithium is widely used in medicine, but its administration can cause numerous side effects. The present study aimed at the evaluation of the possible application of selenium, an essential and antioxidant element, as a protective agent against lithium toxicity. The experiment was performed on four groups of Wistar rats: I (control)-treated with saline, II (Li)-treated with lithium (Li2CO3), III (Se)-treated with selenium (Na2SeO3) and IV (Li?+?Se)-treated with lithium and selenium (Li2CO3 and Na2SeO3) in the form of water solutions by stomach tube for 6 weeks. The following biochemical parameters were measured: concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, total protein and albumin and activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum as well as whole blood superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Morphological parameters such as red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelets, white blood cells, neutrophils as well as lymphocytes were determined. Lithium significantly increased serum calcium and glucose (2.65?±?0.17 vs. 2.43?±?0.11; 162?±?31 vs. 121?±?14, respectively), whereas magnesium and albumin were decreased (1.05?±?0.08 vs. 1.21?±?0.15; 3.85.?±?0.12 vs. 4.02?±?0.08, respectively). Selenium given with lithium restored these parameters to values similar to those observed in the control (Ca-2.49?±?0.08, glucose-113?±?26, Mg-1.28?±?0.09, albumin-4.07?±?0.11). Se alone or co-administered with Li significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase and glutathione peroxidase. The obtained outcomes let us suggest that the continuation of research on the application of selenium as an adjuvant in lithium therapy seems warranted. PMID:24676629
Kie?czykowska, Ma?gorzata; Kocot, Joanna; Kurzepa, Jacek; Lewandowska, Anna; Zelazowska, Renata; Musik, Irena
Bone mineral density and biochemical parameters of bone metabolism in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
OBJECTIVE—To evaluate bone mineral density and biochemical parameters of bone metabolism in ambulatory premenopausal female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).?METHODS—30 women who fulfilled the ARA criteria for the classification of SLE were studied. Lumbar and femoral bone mineral density was determined by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. Various laboratory parameters including serum calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, bone specific isoform of alkaline phophatase, propeptide of type 1 procollagen, deoxypyridinoline excretion, telopeptide of type 1 collagen, serum creatinine, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, 25-OH vitamin D, testosterone, progesterone, estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinotropic hormone were measured.?RESULTS—According to the WHO criteria 39% of all patients with SLE studied had normal bone mineral density, 46% had osteopenia and 15% had osteoporosis at the lumbar spine; at the femoral neck 38.5% had normal bone mineral density, 38.5% had osteopenia and 23% suffered from osteoporosis. Significantly lower osteocalcin levels were found in SLE patients. All other bone resorption and formation markers measured were not statistically different, but higher serum albumin corrected calcium and lower phosphorus values were found in the SLE group. Of all sex hormones tested lower testosterone and higher follicle stimulating hormone concentrations were seen in patients with SLE.?CONCLUSION—A high incidence was found of osteopenia and osteoporosis in premenopausal patients with SLE. Bone diminution in SLE seems to be attributable, at least in part, to decreased bone formation in SLE patients.??
Redlich, K.; Ziegler, S.; Kiener, H.; Spitzauer, S.; Stohlawetz, P.; Bernecker, P.; Kainberger, F.; Grampp, S.; Kudlacek, S.; Woloszczuk, W.; Smolen, J.; Pietschmann, P.
The effects of subchronic lithium administration in male Wistar mice on some biochemical parameters.
Lithium salts are efficiently used for treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, prolonged treatment frequently involves adverse side effects. In this study, effects of lithium carbonate administration on some biochemical parameters were studied in male mice. Lithium carbonate (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg body weight corresponding to 3.77, 7.54, or 15.08 mg Li element/kg body weight, respectively) was injected daily for 14 or 28 days. The following parameters were recorded: drinking water consumption, body weight, lithium and testosterone serum concentrations, activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide-dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-peroxidase (GPX), and level of lipid peroxidation (expressed as TBARS) in liver was performed. Lithium treatment, especially at the highest dose for 28 days, was found to induce weight gain and polydipsia and a significant decrease of plasma testosterone level. Lipid peroxidation level and activities of SOD and GPX were increased in liver, which suggests a perturbation of the antioxidative status. Our results indicate that subchronic exposure to lithium, which induces weight gain and polydipsia under our experimental conditions, also damages the male reproductive system and triggers an oxidative stress in the liver. PMID:19767329
Nciri, R; Allagui, Ms; Vincent, C; Murat, J C; Croute, F; El Feki, A
The effects of subchronic lithium administration in male Wistar mice on some biochemical parameters.
Lithium salts are efficiently used for treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, prolonged treatment frequently involves adverse side-effects. In the present work, effects of lithium carbonate administration on some biochemical parameters were studied in male mice. Lithium carbonate (20, 40 or 80 mg/kg body weight, corresponding to 3.77, 7.54 or 15.08 mg Li element/kg body weight, respectively) was injected daily for 14 or 28 days. The following parameters were recorded: water consumption, body weight, lithium and testosterone serum concentrations, activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) and level of lipid peroxidation (expressed as TBARS) in liver was performed. Lithium treatment, especially at the highest dose for 28 days, was found to induce weight gain, polydipsia and a significant decrease of plasma testosterone level. Lipid peroxidation level and activities of SOD and GPX were increased in liver which suggests a perturbation of the antioxidative status. Our results indicate that subchronic exposure to lithium, which induces weight gain and polydipsia under our experimental conditions, also damages the male reproductive system and triggers an oxidative stress in the liver. PMID:19700386
Nciri, R; Allagui, M S; Vincent, C; Croute, F; Elfeki, A
Blood flow quantification using 1D CFD parameter identification
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Patient-specific measurements of cerebral blood flow provide valuable diagnostic information concerning cerebrovascular diseases rather than visually driven qualitative evaluation. In this paper, we present a quantitative method to estimate blood flow parameters with high temporal resolution from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image sequences. Using a 3D DSA dataset and a 2D+t DSA sequence, the proposed algorithm employs a 1D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for estimation of time-dependent flow values along a cerebral vessel, combined with an additional Advection Diffusion Equation (ADE) for contrast agent propagation. The CFD system, followed by the ADE, is solved with a finite volume approximation, which ensures the conservation of mass. Instead of defining a new imaging protocol to obtain relevant data, our cost function optimizes the bolus arrival time (BAT) of the contrast agent in 2D+t DSA sequences. The visual determination of BAT is common clinical practice and can be easily derived from and be compared to values, generated by a 1D-CFD simulation. Using this strategy, we ensure that our proposed method fits best to clinical practice and does not require any changes to the medical work flow. Synthetic experiments show that the recovered flow estimates match the ground truth values with less than 12% error in the mean flow rates.
Brosig, Richard; Kowarschik, Markus; Maday, Peter; Katouzian, Amin; Demirci, Stefanie; Navab, Nassir
Effects of Gelam and Acacia honey acute administration on some biochemical parameters of Sprague Dawley rats
Background Since ancient times, honey has been used for medicinal purposes in many cultures; it is one of the oldest and most enduring substances used in wound management. Scientific evidence for its efficacy is widely studied, but systemic safety studies are still lacking. It is essential to study the impact of consumption of honey on the health and proper development of the consumer. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the effects of acute administration (14 days) of Gelam honey (GH), a wild harvesting honey and Acacia honey (AH), a beekeeping honey, on male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Methods An acute oral study was performed following OECD test guideline 423, with minor modifications. In the study, GH, AH and sucrose (S) were administered at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Animals were observed for the next 14 days. Gross pathology was performed at the end of the study. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Clinical biochemistry, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results Rats fed with honey did not exhibit any abnormal signs or deaths. Results showed a decrease in weight gain and energy efficiency, but significantly increased in total food intake and total calories in female rats fed with GH, compared to control (p?0.05). Nevertheless, a significant increase in body weight was observed in male rats in all honey-treated groups. Male rats fed with AH significantly decreased in total food intake, total calories and energy efficiency. Both male and female rats fed with GH displayed a significant decrease in triglycerides compared to control group. Hepatic and renal function levels were within acceptable range. The gross necropsy analysis did not reveal changes in any of the organs examined. Conclusions Our results suggest that acute consumption of GH and AH at 2000 mg/kg body weight of male and female SD rats has some discrepancy effects on biochemical parameters but in line with OECD regulation. Gelam honey may have potential in controlling weight gain and triglyceride levels in female rats compared to Acacia honey. SD rats have some effect on biochemical parameters, an exploration of which would make for intriguing analysis.
[The effect of pharmacopuncture on the blood biochemical indices of patients with tunnel syndromes of the hands].
Concentrations of serotonin, beta-endorphine, myoglobin, basic myelin protein were measured in blood of patients with tunnel hand syndromes treated by actovegin or physiological solution pharmacopuncture and acupuncture to the same acupuncture points (AP). The above biochemical indices showed similar changes in pharmacopuncture with actovegin and the solution. These changes were different in acupuncture. This indicates specificity of AP stimulation by introduction of fluid, but not specificity of drug effects. PMID:10598522
Belitskaia, R A; Vasilenko, G F; Krasnova, L B; Popkova, E V; Chuzavkova, E A; Agasarov, L G
Bioaccumulation of heavy metal ions and their effect on certain biochemical parameters of water hyacinth weevil Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner)
Water hyacinth plants treated for a week with varying concentrations (10–50 ppm) of soluble Cd, Mn and Zn were taken and fed to the phytophagous weevils Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner), which were subsequently examined for the toxic effects and other parameters. These insects were processed for biochemical accumulation of metal ions and their effect on protein, DNA and RNA. Cd and
Kaiser Jamil
[Experimental paroxysmal hemoglobinuria in calves and selected biochemical indicators in the blood and urine].
When examining diseased calves, sporadically pronounced haemoglobinuria with dark red urine can be observed. In serious cases the clinical picture may be manifold but peculiar; in easy cases, however, when there are no distinct clinical symptoms, a larger scale of examinations is needed to aid differential diagnosis. Eight roughage-fed bulls aged two months, weighing 55-71 kg were used in this experiment. Selected biochemical indices of the mineral, enzymatic, hepatic, energetic and urinary profile were determined in the blood serum and urine of the animals. After the administration of cold water at an amount representing 12% of the animal's body weight, ionogram values were determined. In all indices a positive correlation with hydraemia and a decrease in Na, Cl, Ca, Mg and P levels were observed. Correction of the above levels occurred within 24 hours, with the exception of Na and P concentrations that did not reach starting values. As to the enzymatic profile (AST, ALT, GGT), no pronounced disturbances could be observed. The most profound changes were seen in AST activity that increased in the 5th hour of the experiment. A slight tendency towards hypoproteinaemia was observed to continue even in 24 hours. Hypoglobulinaemia reached its starting value in the 24th hour while simultaneously albumin levels slightly increased. The increasing bilirubin levels reached their maximum in the 5th and 6th hour; correction of the former occurred within 24 hours. The urinary profile revealed polyuria, aciduria, aquaeous urine and haemoglobinuria, the latter reaching its peak between hours 1 and 3 following water administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:8236629
Sedovic, M; Nagy, O; Slanina, L
Long-term cyclosporine treatment: evaluation of serum biochemical parameters and histopathological alterations in Wistar rats.
The immunosuppressant agent cyclosporine (CsA) is currently used in transplanted patients and in the therapy of autoimmune disorders. CsA treatment has significant acute and chronic side effects on the liver and kidney. However, in the clinical setting, it is difficult to distinguish a direct effect of CsA treatment from other confounding variables, such as allograft rejection and effects due to other drug therapies. In the present study, we assessed for direct associations between CsA immunosuppressive therapy and cytokines levels, kidney and liver functionality, as well as lung histopathological status in rats submitted to chronic CsA treatment without undergoing any transplantation. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The control group received vehicle (corn oil), and treated groups received CsA 5 or 15 mg/kg, by daily gastric gavage during 8 weeks. The results demonstrated that CsA treatment decreases blood levels of interleukins 1? (IL-1?), 1? (IL-1?) and interleukin 2 (IL-2), but does not alter interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IFN-? levels. Serum biochemical markers of renal (creatinine) and hepatic (SGPT and SGOT) injury/dysfunction did not vary with CsA treatment, despite the presence of small histological alterations, suggesting that the function of these metabolic organs were preserved. Pulmonary histopathological lesions were observed in the CsA groups, and they were attributed to the activation of the local immunoresponse mechanisms by the normal microbiota in immunosuppressive CsA cases. These results suggest that the CsA concentrations administered in our experimental protocol were able to induce immunosuppression in rats without causing nephro and hepatotoxicity. PMID:19939655
Böhmer, Ana Elisa; Mendes Ribeiro Corręa, André; de Souza, Débora Guerini; Knorr, Luisa; Hansel, Gisele; Corbellini, Luís Gustavo; Driemeier, David; Portela, Luis Valmor; Souza, Diogo Onofre
Effect of cytisine on some brain and hepatic biochemical parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for variety of cardio-vascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke and many others. It is of great importance for hypertensive patients to stop smoking. One of the medicines widely used for smoking cessation in Bulgaria is the original Bulgarian product Tabex®, which is developed on the basis of natural plant alkaloid cytisine. The aim of the following study was to ivestigate the effects of cytisine on some brain and hepatic biochemical parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an widely used rodent model for human essential hypertension, and to compare the obtained results with their age-matched normotensive controls Wistar Kyoto (WKY). Multiple cytisine administration did not affect the activity of ethylmorphine-N-demethylase (EMND) and anylinehydroxylase (AH), as well as the quantity of cytochrome P 450, nor in WKY neither in SHR In the liver cytisine increased the MDA quantity both in SHR and in WKY, by 25% (p<0.05) and by 29% (p<0.05) respectively, while the GSH level was not significantly changed by the compound in both strains. In contrast, on the brain level, cytisine administration to SHR caused more prominent toxicity, resulted in GSH depletion and increased MDA quantity, while in WKY strain did not exert any toxicity. Cytisine did not significantly affect ALAT and ASAT activity in both strains. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest higher brain toxicity of cytisine in spontaneously hypertensive rats, that might be due to their pathophysiological characteristics. PMID:21217867
Simeonova, Rumyana; Vitcheva, Vessela; Mitcheva, Mitka
Clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of dairy cows experimentally infected with Vaccinia virus.
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is the etiological agent of bovine vaccinia (BV), an important zoonosis that affects dairy cattle. There are many aspects of the disease that remain unknown, and aiming to answer some of these questions, the clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters of VACV experimentally infected cows were evaluated. In the first part of the study, lactating cows were infected with VACV-GP2 strain. In the second part, animals previously infected with VACV-GP2 were divided into two treatment groups: Group 1, immunosuppressed cows; and Group 2, re-infected cows. In this study, BV could be experimentally reproduced, with similar lesions as observed in natural infections. Moreover, a short incubation period and local lymphadenopathy were also observed. VACV could be detected by PCR and isolated from scabs taken from teat lesions of all inoculated and re-inoculated animals. Lymphocytosis and neutrophilia were observed in all animals from the first part of the experiment, and lymphopenia and relative neutrophilia were observed in the immunosuppressed animals. Detection of viral DNA in oral mucosa lesions suggests that viral reactivation might occur in immunosuppressed animals. Moreover, clinical disease with teat lesions may occur in previously VACV-infected cows under the experimental conditions of the present study. PMID:23747141
Rehfeld, Izabelle S; Guedes, Maria Isabel M C; Matos, Ana Carolina D; de Oliveira, Tércia M L; Rivetti, Anselmo V; Moura, Ana Carolina J; Paes, Paulo Ricardo O; do Lago, Luiz Alberto; Kroon, Erna G; Lobato, Zélia Inęs P
Octacosanol supplementation increases running endurance time and improves biochemical parameters after exhaustion in trained rats.
This study evaluated the effects of octacosanol on running performance and related biochemical parameters in exercise-trained rats run to exhaustion on a treadmill. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups - sedentary control group (SC), exercise-trained control group (EC), and exercise-trained, octacosanol-supplemented group (EO) - and raised on either control or octacosanol (0.75%)-supplemented diet with (or without for SC rats) exercise-training for 4 weeks. EC rats ran 184% longer until exhaustion than SC rats (P <.01), while octacosanol-supplemented trained rats ran 46% longer than EC rats (P <.05). Under the exhausted state immediately following the running performance test, EO rats exhibited significantly higher plasma ammonia and lactate concentrations compared with the values for EC rats (P <.05). Although EO rats ran significantly longer until exhausted, their plasma glucose level and gastronecmius muscle glycogen concentration were not significantly different from those of EC rats. Dietary supplementation of octacosanol resulted in significantly higher creatine phosphokinase activity in plasma (44% increase, P <.01) and citrate synthase activity in muscle (16% increase, P<.01) of exercise-trained rats. These results suggest that the ergogenic properties of octacosanol include the sparing of muscle glycogen stores and increases in the oxidative capacity in the muscle of exercise-trained rats. PMID:14977443
Kim, Hyunjung; Park, Sunghee; Han, Dae Suk; Park, Taesun
The effect of zinc on the growth and physiological and biochemical parameters in seedlings of Eruca sativa (L.) (Rocket)
Eruca sativa seedlings were treated with different Zn concentrations (0, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 ?g g?1 dried growth medium) under controlled conditions. The seedlings were harvested 20 days after Zn treatment. Physiological\\u000a parameters, such as root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight, were measured and Zn content of roots and shoots was determined.\\u000a Furthermore, various biochemical parameters were studied on E. sativa
Yasemin OzdenerBirsen; Birsen K. Aydin
Effect of Withania somnifera Extracts on Some Selective Biochemical, Hematological, and Immunological Parameters in Guinea Pigs Experimental Infected with E. coli
Fifty 1-2-month-old Guinea pigs were divided into 5 equal groups, 10 each. Control (Gp1) did receive neither viable bacteria nor treatment. Each animal from the other groups (Gp2–5) was challenged with (1-2 × 108) viable E. coli in 200??L normal saline (0.9%) through IP route. GP2 infected group was treated with 200??L saline IP and kept as positive control group. Gp3-4 are infected and treated with Withania somnifera (ethanol root extract) with doses 50 and 100?mg/kg. BW, respectively. Gp5 infected treated group was treated with cefoperazone antibiotic at dose 35?mg/Kg BW. The treatment by drug or the extracted medicinal plant was started 72?h after infection for 7 successive days. Serum and whole blood sample were collected from all groups 14 days after treatment to evaluate some hematological and biochemical changes as well as immunomodulatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?). Oral treatment of the plant extract caused significant benefit results in infected Guinea pig appeared in the correction of some hematological and biochemical parameters also try to suppressed inflammatory cytokine response represent in TNF-?. It could be concluded that W. somnifera extract has potent antibacterial activity, and this appears in the correction with hematological, biochemical, and immunological results.
El-Boshy, Mohamed El-Sayed; Abdalla, Osama Mohamed; Risha, Angy; Moustafa, Fatma
Biochemical and hematological reference ranges for Amazon freshwater turtle, Podocnemis expansa (Reptilia: Pelomedusidae), with morphologic assessment of blood cells.
Blood parameters are useful to measure physiological disturbances in chelonians. Thus they can provide important information for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The aim of this paper was to determine the reference range of plasma glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol and urea levels, as well as hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell, thrombocyte and white blood cell counts for healthy Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812), bred in a turtle farm in the Amazonas State, Brazil. Plasma glucose, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), lymphocytes and heterophils were the parameters with the smallest variations. Significant (p<0.001) correlations between red blood cells count and hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were found. Turtle P. expansa had lymphocytes, azurophils, heterophils, eosinophils and basophils with morphologic features similar to the ones of others turtles species. No investigated blood parameter was influenced by sex. In further studies, the established reference ranges might be useful for the health assessment of this turtle species. PMID:18617203
Oliveira-Júnior, A A; Tavares-Dias, M; Marcon, J L
Association of serum fetuin-A and biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients.
Fetuin-A, a hepatic glycoprotein present in the circulation, is a potential inhibitor for systemic calcification. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fetuin-A and other biochemical parameters as facilitator factors for developing atherosclerosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This case-control study was conducted on 44 HD patients undergoing treatment in 2012. Parathormone (i-PTH) and fetuin levels were performed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) by chemiluminescence, low-density lipoprotein by direct enzymatic, calcium and albumin by colorimetric and phosphorous by ultraviolet (UV) methods. Chi-square was used for evaluating the association between variables and t-test was used for comparing the mean of the quantitative variables for the two groups. SPSS-16 software was used for data analysis and P-value less than 5% was considered as significant. Mean of serum fetuin level was 23.25 ± 4.90 ng/mL in HD patients and 32.92 ± 5.21 in the control group. Median of hs-CRP was 2.45 mg/dL in the patients and 1.00 mg/dL in the control group and i-PTH was 74.3 pg/mL in the patients and 7.30 pg/mL in the control group. The calcium-phosphorous product was 46.77 ± 14.22 mg/dL in the patient and 31.73 ± 6.48 mg/dL in the control group. A reverse significant association was found between fetuin-A and hs-CRP in this study. In this study, serum fetuin-A level in HD patients was lower than controls. Therefore, a low level of fetuin-A seems to be associated with atherosclerosis, inflammation and malnutrition. PMID:24969186
Haddad, Mahbobeh; Tajbakhsh, Ramin; Farajollahi, Mehran; Qorbani, Mostafa; Besharat, Sima; Joshaghani, Hamid Reza
Comparison Between Serum Insulin Levels and Its Resistance With Biochemical, Clinical and Anthropometric Parameters in South Indian Children and Adolescents
There is a rising trend in the prevalence of insulin resistance among obese, overweight children and adolescents. The serum\\u000a insulin and its correlation with biochemical, clinical and anthropometric parameters were evaluated in 185 children and adolescents\\u000a (59 control, 52 obese, 49 overweight, 25 congenital heart disease) of age group 10–17 years. The levels of serum insulin were\\u000a measured by ELISA. Serum
G. Srinivasa Nageswara Rao; Gurumurthy Prema; Gururajan Priya; Sarasa Barathi Arumugam; V. Kirthivasan; R. Saibabu; K. M. Cherian
Effect of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) and vitamin E on biochemical parameters and retinopathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
This study was carried out to see the effect of the aqueous extract ofOcitum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with Vitamin E on biochemical parameters and retinopathy in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino male\\u000a rats. Adult albino male rats weighing 150–200 gm were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in the\\u000a dose 60 mg\\/kg in citrate buffer (pH 6.3). The diabetic animals
Eshrat M. Halim; A. K. Mukhopadhyay
Effect ofOcimum sanctum (Tulsi) and vitamin E on biochemical parameters and retinopathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
This study was carried out to see the effect of the aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with Vitamin E on biochemical parameters and retinopathy in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino male rats. Adult albino male rats weighing 150-200gm were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in the dose 60 mg\\/kg in citrate buffer (pH 6.3). The diabetic animals
A. K. Mukhopadhyay
Stability of Po 2, Pco 2, and pH in fresh blood samples stored in a plastic syringe with low heparin in relation to various blood-gas and hematological parameters
Objective: To assess the stability of Po2, Pco2 and pH in fresh individual blood samples drawn in a plastic syringe with low heparin and stored at 22°C or on ice in relation to various biochemical and hematological parameters of the samples.Methods: Po2, Pco2, and pH were measured at determined times in samples kept at 22°C or on ice. The magnitude
Martin Beaulieu; Yves Lapointe; Bernard Vinet
Relationship between separation time of plasma from heparinized whole blood on plasma biochemical analytes of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta).
Concentrations and activities of selected biochemicals of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were determined for plasma that was separated from whole blood samples that were kept up to 96 hr post collection (PC) in a refrigerator. Blood samples collected from seven juvenile captive loggerhead sea turtles were added to tubes containing lithium heparin and were placed on ice. Equal amounts of anticoagulated whole blood from the lithium heparin tubes were then aliquoted into plastic tubes and stored as whole blood under refrigeration until they were centrifuged at 0, 4, 24, 48, and 96 hr PC. Plasma was removed and the analytes that were measured were alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, total protein, albumin, and globulin. Compared with values at 0 time, the only analyte to be significantly different at 24 hr PC was GGT (activity decreased by 25%). Compared with values at 0 time, significant differences at 96 hr PC were only seen in AST (2% increase), GGT (25% decrease), glucose (7% decrease), and uric acid (25% increase). Although a statistically significant difference was found in concentrations of phosphorus and cholesterol over time by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), the follow-up multiple comparison procedure could not define the specific time points at which significant differences occurred. For all other analytes, significant differences over the time course of the study were not found. In these instances, the power of the ANOVA was sufficient (> or = 0.80) to detect any arithmetic differences of a clinically relevant magnitude. Although plasma should be separated from the cellular component of blood as soon as possible PC, in a field situation in which a centrifuge is unavailable, samples can be stored in a portable cooler up to 24 hr without appreciable change in select biochemical analytes. PMID:18634211
Eisenhawer, Eliza; Courtney, Charles H; Raskin, Rose E; Jacobson, Elliott
Effects of Moderate Strength Cold Air Exposure on Blood Pressure and Biochemical Indicators among Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Patients
The effects of cold air on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were investigated in an experimental study examining blood pressure and biochemical indicators. Zhangye, a city in Gansu Province, China, was selected as the experimental site. Health screening and blood tests were conducted, and finally, 30 cardiovascular disease patients and 40 healthy subjects were recruited. The experiment was performed during a cold event during 27–28 April 2013. Blood pressure, catecholamine, angiotensin II (ANG-II), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), muscle myoglobin (Mb) and endothefin-1 (ET-1) levels of the subjects were evaluated 1 day before, during the 2nd day of the cold exposure and 1 day after the cold air exposure. Our results suggest that cold air exposure increases blood pressure in cardiovascular disease patients and healthy subjects via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) that is activated first and which augments ANG-II levels accelerating the release of the norepinephrine and stimulates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The combined effect of these factors leads to a rise in blood pressure. In addition, cold air exposure can cause significant metabolism and secretion of Mb, cTnI and ET-1 in subjects; taking the patient group as an example, ET-1 was 202.7 ng/L during the cold air exposure, increased 58 ng/L compared with before the cold air exposure, Mb and cTnI levels remained relatively high (2,219.5 ng/L and 613.2 ng/L, increased 642.1 ng/L and 306.5 ng/L compared with before the cold air exposure, respectively) 1-day after the cold exposure. This showed that cold air can cause damage to patients' heart cells, and the damage cannot be rapidly repaired. Some of the responses related to the biochemical markers indicated that cold exposure increased cardiovascular strain and possible myocardial injury.
Zhang, Xiakun; Zhang, Shuyu; Wang, Chunling; Wang, Baojian; Guo, Pinwen
A simple and feasible questionnaire to estimate menstrual blood loss: relationship with hematological and gynecological parameters in young women
Background Menstrual blood loss (MBL) has been shown to be an important determinant in iron status, work performance and well-being. Several methods have been developed to estimate MBL, the standard quantitative method however has limited application in clinical practice as it is expensive and requires women to collect, store and submit their sanitary products for analysis. We therefore aimed to develop a MBL-score based on a questionnaire, and to validate it by several hematological and biochemical parameters in women of childbearing age. Methods A total of 165 healthy young women were recruited. Hematological (hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte, leucocyte and platelet counts) and iron status (serum iron, serum ferritin, serum transferrin, and total iron binding capacity) parameters were analyzed at baseline. Women were asked to fulfill two gynecological questionnaires: a general questionnaire, to inform about the volunteer's general menstrual characteristics; and a MBL questionnaire, to provide details of the duration of menstruation, number of heavy blood loss days, and number and type of pads and/or tampons used during the heaviest bleeding day, for all consecutive menstrual periods during 16 weeks. A MBL-score was calculated for each period and women, and its reliability determined by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Pearson's linear correlation tests were performed between blood parameters and the MBL-score. Two clusters were formed according the MBL-score (cluster 1: low MBL and cluster 2: high MBL). Results Significant higher MBL-score was observed in women who reported having a history of anemia (p?=?0.015), staining the bed at night during menstruation (p?0.001) and suffering inter-menstrual blood loss (p?=?0.044), compared to those who did not. Women who used hormonal contraceptives presented lower MBL-scores than the others (p?=?0.004). The MBL-score was negatively associated with log-ferritin (p?=?0.006) and platelet count (p?=?0.011). Women in cluster 1 presented higher ferritin (p?=?0.043) than women in cluster 2. Conclusions We developed an easy and practical method for estimating menstrual blood loss based on a score calculated from a questionnaire in healthy women at childbearing age. The MBL-score is highly reliable and reflects menstrual blood loss validated by hematological and biochemical parameters.
Evaluation of tropical water sources and mollusks in southern Brazil using microbiological, biochemical, and chemical parameters.
Florianópolis, a city located in the Santa Catarina State in southern Brazil, is the national leading producer of bivalve mollusks. The quality of bivalve mollusks is closely related to the sanitary conditions of surrounding waters where they are cultivated. Presently, cultivation areas receive large amounts of effluents derived mainly from treated and non-treated domestic, rural, and urban sewage. This contributes to the contamination of mollusks with trace metals, pesticides, other organic compounds, and human pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoan. The aim of this study was to perform a thorough diagnosis of the shellfish growing areas in Florianópolis, on the coast of Santa Catarina. The contamination levels of seawater, sediments, and oysters were evaluated for their microbiological, biochemical, and chemical parameters at five sea sites in Florianópolis, namely three regular oyster cultivation areas (Sites 1, 2, and oyster supplier), a polluted site (Site 3), and a heavily polluted site (Site 4). Samples were evaluated at day zero and after 14 days. Seawater and sediment samples were collected just once, at the end of the experiment. Antioxidant defenses, which may occur in contaminated environments in response to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by organisms, were analyzed in oysters, as well as organic compounds (in oysters and sediment samples) and microbiological contamination (in oysters and seawater samples). The results showed the presence of the following contaminants: fecal coliforms in seawater samples (four sites), human adenovirus (all sites), human noroviruses GI and GII (two sites), Hepatitis A viruses (one site), JC Polyomavirus in an oyster sample from the oyster supplier, Giardia duodenalis cysts, and Cryptosporidium sp oocysts (one site). Among organochlorine pesticides, only DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) were detected in some sediment and oysters samples in very low levels; site 4 had the highest concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) found either in oysters or in sediment samples. The major concentration of fecal sterol coprostanol was found at site 4, followed by site 3. After 14 days of allocation in the four selected sites, there was a significant difference in the enzymes analyzed at the monitored spots. The detection of different contaminants in oysters, seawater, and sediment samples in the present study shows the impact untreated or inadequately treated effluents have on coastal areas. These results highlight the need for public investment in adequate wastewater treatment and adequate treatment of oysters, ensuring safe areas for shellfish production as well as healthier bivalve mollusks for consumption. PMID:22036209
Souza, Doris Sobral Marques; Ramos, Ana Paula Dores; Nunes, Fabrício Flores; Moresco, Vanessa; Taniguchi, Satie; Leal, Diego Averaldo Guiguet; Sasaki, Silvio Tarou; Bícego, Márcia Caruso; Montone, Rosalinda Carmela; Durigan, Maurício; Teixeira, Adriano Luiz; Pilotto, Mariana Rangel; Delfino, Nicésio; Franco, Regina Maura Bueno; Melo, Cláudio Manoel Rodrigues de; Bainy, Afonso Celso Dias; Barardi, Célia Regina Monte
Parameters affecting the detection of microbubbles in blood
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The ability to detect small gas bubbles in blood depends on the relative magnitude of the acoustic power backscattered from the microbubbles (``signal'') to the power backscattered from the red blood cells (``noise''). Erythrocytes are weak, Rayleigh scatterers, and therefore the backscattering coefficient (BSC) of blood increases as the fourth power of frequency throughout the diagnostic frequency range. Microbubbles, on the other hand, are either resonant or super-resonant in the range 10-30 MHz. Above resonance, their total scattering cross-section remains constant with increasing frequency and the directivity pattern of the scattered wave changes significantly. Therefore, increasing the detection frequency may lead to a reduction in signal-to-noise ratio. An active cavitation detector (ACD) was utilized to observe the gradual obscuring of a steel target in blood with increasing frequency, and to measure the BSC of suspensions of Optison® microspheres in blood, as a function of microsphere concentration, hematocrit and frequency in the range 10-30 MHz. The experimental results were compared with theoretical predictions of the BSC of Optison® and blood, in order to determine whether the presence of tightly packed red blood cells affects the acoustic response of the microbubbles. [Work supported by the ASA, the US Army, and the NSF.
Coussios, Constantin-C.; Zanetti, Paolo; Roy, Ronald A.
[Some biochemical parameters of the synovial liquid for estimation of effectiveness of the treatment of the knee joint osteoarthrosis].
The knee joint osteoarthrosis is accompanied by activation of the oxidative stress in the synovial liquid. Specific treatment decreased or even normalized such biochemical parameters of the synovial liquid as the carbonyl groups, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total protein content. The most demonstrative changes were found for early and late markers of the oxidative modification of proteins. These parameters may be used in laboratory diagnostics of the depth of the degenerative-dystrophic process in the knee joint and for the estimation of the effectiveness of the treatment. PMID:22724363
Meshcheriakova, M G; Trilis, Ia G; Kirillova, N V; Alpatova, T F; Mukhin, I A; Kozhevin, A A
Subclinical hypocalcemia, plasma biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, postpartum disease, and fertility in postparturient dairy cows.
A study was conducted to evaluate the potential association between Ca status at calving and postpartum energy balance, liver lipid infiltration, disease occurrence, milk yield and quality parameters, and fertility in Holstein cows. One hundred cows were assigned to 1 of 2 groups based on whole-blood ionized Ca concentration ([iCa]) on the day of calving [d 0; hypocalcemic [iCa] <1.0 mmol/L (n=51); normocalcemic [iCa] ? 1.0 mmol/L (n=49)]. Cows were blocked based on calving date and parity. Blood samples were collected approximately 14 d from expected calving date (d -14), the day of calving (d 0), and on d 3, 7, 14, 21, and 35 postpartum for measurement of plasma nonesterified fatty acid, iCa, total Ca, glucose, and total and direct bilirubin concentrations, and plasma aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase activities. Liver biopsies were obtained from a subset of cows on d 0, 7, and 35 for quantification of lipid content. Milk samples were collected on d 3, 7, 14, 21, and 35 postpartum for measurement of somatic cell count and percentages of protein, fat, and solids-not-fat. Data for peak test-day milk yield, services per conception, and days open were obtained from Dairy Herd Improvement Association herd records. Disease occurrence was determined based on herd treatment records. Hypocalcemic cows had significantly higher nonesterified fatty acids on d 0. Hypocalcemic cows also had significantly more lipid in hepatocytes on d 7 and 35 postpartum. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups for plasma aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase activities or total and direct bilirubin concentrations. Milk protein percentage was lower in hypocalcemic cows on d 21 and 35. However other milk quality variables (somatic cell count, milk fat percentage, and solids-not-fat) and milk yield variables (peak test-day milk yield and 305-d mature-equivalent 4% fat-corrected milk yield) did not differ between groups. No differences were observed between groups in the occurrence of clinical mastitis, ketosis, displaced abomasum, dystocia, retained placenta, metritis, or fertility measures (percentage cycling at 50-60 d postpartum, services per conception, or days open). These data suggest that early lactation fatty acid metabolism differs between cows with subclinical hypocalcemia and their normocalcemic counterparts. PMID:24054301
Chamberlin, W G; Middleton, J R; Spain, J N; Johnson, G C; Ellersieck, M R; Pithua, P
Study of a number of biochemical indices of the blood and tissue of dogs after prolonged gamma-radiation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The glucose content in blood and the lipid content in serum and tissues of dogs exposed to chronic radiation for 3 and 5 years were studied. In tissues of these animals, the concentration of soluble DNA and DNA contained in DNP was studied in the spleen, lymph node (deep cervical node) and bone marrow of thigh bones. Results indicate that chronic gamma irradiation significantly changes concentrations of glucose in the blood, and that of several lipids in serum and tissues. A reduction in the concentration of DNP in tested organs reflects changes in the relative number of cells with various nuclear cytoplasmic ratios; most pronounced changes in biochemical indices occur in dogs exposed to chronic gamma radiation in doses of 125 rad per year.
Alers, I.; Alersova, E.; Praslichka, T.; Mishurova, E.; Sedlakova, A.; Malatova, Z.; Akhunov, A. A.; Markelov, B. A.
In this paper, we consider a blood glucose-insulin model subject to parameter variation. Our aim is to use a mathematical optimization technique lo derive insulin infusion programs for the regulation of the blood glucose level in the case of worst possible parameter values. Numerical computation and simulation studies are carried out to verify the performance of the method on regulation
The Effects of Copper Sulfate on Liver Histology and Biochemical Parameters of Term Ross Broiler Chicks
Copper is an essential trace element that is extremely toxic to organisms and organs at high doses. We have investigated the\\u000a histological and biochemical effects of a toxic dose of copper sulfate on the liver of term Ross broiler chicks. Fertilized\\u000a eggs were divided into three groups: experimental, injected with 50 mcg\\/0.1 ml copper sulfate in the air chambers on day 1;
Emin Oguzhan Oguz; Hayati Yuksel; Yasar Enli; A. Cevik Tufan; Gunfer Turgut
Effects of subchronic exposure to meloxicam on some hematological, biochemical and liver histopathological parameters in rats
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of sub chronic exposure of Meloxicam in male albino rats by measuring Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological changes of Livers in (18) rats divided equally into two treatment groups, T1 which dosed with 0.2 mg\\/KG.BW as therapeutic dose and T2 which dosed with 0.6 mg\\/KG.BW as three fold dose, while the other (6)
F. M. K. Al-Rekabi; D. A. Abbas; N. R. Hadi
Biochemical indicators of thermal stress: selected genetic and physiological parameters. Final report
The model species Fundulus heteroclitus was sampled from the intake and thermally elevated discharge water of five power plants and twenty-five other areas in the Chesapeake Bay which are not associated with power plants. Genetic and physiological measurements were made on sampled populations and differences correlated with environmental temperature, oxygen and/or salinity. Finally, attempts to sort out some of these variables were made by employing laboratory experiments at the whole organism, cellular, and biochemical levels.
Powers, D.A.
Biochemical and physiological parameters on the skin surface of healthy test persons
Biochemical and physiological examinations were carried out on the skin surface of a total of 115 healthy persons ranging from the age of 7–79 years. In these investigations the following striking findings were made:1.There is a significant correlation between the results obtained by the ferricyanide, the phenol sulfuric acid and the ninhydrin methods in the so called water solubles.2.The relationship
Max Gloor; Manfred Kionke; Hugo Constantin Friederich
Estimating Biochemical Parameters of Tea (camellia Sinensis (L.)) Using Hyperspectral Techniques
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tea (Camellia Sinensis (L.)) is an important economic crop and the market price of tea depends largely on its quality. This research aims to explore the potential of hyperspectral remote sensing on predicting the concentration of biochemical components, namely total tea polyphenols, as indicators of tea quality at canopy scale. Experiments were carried out for tea plants growing in the field and greenhouse. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), which has proven to be the one of the most successful empirical approach, was performed to establish the relationship between reflectance and biochemical concentration across six tea varieties in the field. Moreover, a novel integrated approach involving successive projections algorithms as band selection method and neural networks was developed and applied to detect the concentration of total tea polyphenols for one tea variety, in order to explore and model complex nonlinearity relationships between independent (wavebands) and dependent (biochemicals) variables. The good prediction accuracies (r2 > 0.8 and relative RMSEP < 10 %) achieved for tea plants using both linear (partial lease squares regress) and nonlinear (artificial neural networks) modelling approaches in this study demonstrates the feasibility of using airborne and spaceborne sensors to cover wide areas of tea plantation for in situ monitoring of tea quality cheaply and rapidly.
Bian, M.; Skidmore, A. K.; Schlerf, M.; Liu, Y.; Wang, T.
Effects of cadmium at sub-lethal concentration on growth and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Cadmium (Cd), as one of heavy metals and an environmental stressor, may alter many physiological processes like growth and serum parameters in fish. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of cadmium at sub-lethal concentrations (1 and 3 ?g/l) on growth and serum biochemical parameters including enzymes, i.e. alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and total protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were exposed to cadmium, and, at intervals of 1, 15, and 30 days, selected parameters were evaluated. Condition Factor (K), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) consistently decreased, while Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) increased at the end of experiment. Glucose was elevated in trout exposed to both Cd concentrations at day 15 and then returned to levels comparable to control fish. Triglyceride and cholesterol decreased transiently at day 15 and then increased at day 30. Total protein, AST, ALT and ALP increased linearly by time and Cd concentration. This investigation suggests that growth and serum biochemical parameters could be used as important and sensitive biomarkers in ecotoxicological studies concerning the effects of metal contamination and fish health.
Distribution of blood viscosity values and biochemical correlates in healthy adults.
Increases in the viscosity of blood and plasma predict clinical manifestations of atherothrombotic vascular disease. The clinical utility of viscosity measurements in cardiovascular risk factor analysis requires reference values established from a healthy disease-free population. A cohort of 126 (71 men, 55 women) healthy nonsmoking adults had fasting blood analysis after a 12-14-h fast. Viscosity measurements were made on samples of whole blood, plasma, and serum at 37 degrees C with a coaxial cylinder microviscometer. The mean blood viscosity at shear rates of 100, 50, and 1 s-1 were 3.26 +/- 0.43, 4.37 +/- 0.60, and 5.46 +/- 0.84 mPa.s, respectively. Men had significantly higher blood viscosity values than women at each shear rate. The differences in blood viscosity did not remain significant after blood viscosity values were normalized to a hematocrit of 45%, except at 100 s-1. For the entire group, normalized blood viscosity values at each measured rate correlated inversely with HDL cholesterol and positively with fibrinogen. The mean plasma viscosity was 1.39 +/- 0.08 mPa.s and the mean serum viscosity was 1.27 +/- 0.06 mPa.s. Plasma viscosity correlated with fibrinogen (r = 0.51, P < 0.0001), total serum protein (r = 0.33, P < 0.0001), and triglyceride concentrations (r = 0.33, P < 0.0015). Serum viscosity correlated with total serum protein (r = 0.50, P < 0.0001) and LDL cholesterol (r = 0.24, P = 0.0065). This study provides reference values for the viscosity of blood, plasma, and serum that may assist in evaluating hemorheological profiles. PMID:8697575
Rosenson, R S; McCormick, A; Uretz, E F
[Specific features of a change in some blood biochemical indicators in virus urogenital infections].
Analysis of blood biochemistry in cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus infections and herpes simplex virus showed a significant decrease in blood albumins, a significant rise in total protein, the percentage of alpha2-globulins, and an increase in the activity of ALAT, aldolase 1.6. This reflects the activity of inflammation, reveals hepatic toxic activity, and indicates renal dysfunction and externally asymptomatic active processes in the liver. PMID:21545041
Shevchenko, E A
Occupational lead poisoning in the United States: clinical and biochemical findings related to blood lead levels
Dose-response relationships between blood lead levels and toxic effects have been evaluated in 160 lead workers in two smelters and a chemicals plant. Blood lead levels ranged from 0.77 to 13.51 mumol\\/litre (16-280 microgram\\/dl). Clinical evidence of toxic exposure was found in 70 workers (44%), including colic in 33, wrist or ankle extensor muscle weakness in 12, anaemia (Hgb less
E L Baker; P J Landrigan; A G Barbour; D H Cox; D S Folland; R N Ligo; J Throckmorton
Occupational lead poisoning in the United States: clinical and biochemical findings related to blood lead levels.
Dose-response relationships between blood lead levels and toxic effects have been evaluated in 160 lead workers in two smelters and a chemicals plant. Blood lead levels ranged from 0.77 to 13.51 mumol/litre (16-280 microgram/dl). Clinical evidence of toxic exposure was found in 70 workers (44%), including colic in 33, wrist or ankle extensor muscle weakness in 12, anaemia (Hgb less than 8.69 mumol/litre (Hb/4) or 14.0 gm/dl) in 27, elevated blood urea nitrogen (greater than or equal to 7.14 mmol/litre or 20 mg/dl) in 28, and possible encephalopathy in two. No toxicity was detected at blood lead levels below 1.93 mumol/litre (40 microgram/dl). However, 13% of workers with blood lead levels of 1.93 to 3.81 mumol/litre (40-79 microgram/dl) had extensor muscle weakness or gastrointestinal symptoms. Anaemia was found in 5% of workers with lead levels of 1.93-2.85 mumol/litre (40-59 microgram/dl), in 14% with levels of 2.90 to 3.81 mumol/litre (60-79 microgram/dl), and in 36% with levels greater than or equal to 3.86 mumol/litre (80 microgram/dl). Elevated blood urea nitrogen occurred in long-term lead workers. All but three workers with increased blood urea nitrogen had at least four years occupational lead exposure, and nine had received oral chelation; eight of this group had reduced creatinine clearance, and eight had decreased renal concentrating ability. These data support the establishment of a permissible biological limit for blood lead at a level between 1.93 and 2.90 mumol/litre (40-60 microgram/dl).
Baker, E L; Landrigan, P J; Barbour, A G; Cox, D H; Folland, D S; Ligo, R N; Throckmorton, J
The effect of cigarette smoke exposure on vitamin D level and biochemical parameters of mothers and neonates
Background Exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy leads to several adverse effects on mother and child. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of being a passive smoker during pregnancy on vitamin D level and related biochemical indices including parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in mothers and newborns. Methods One hundred eight pregnant women and their newborns participated in a historical cohort study in two equal groups (n?=?54) with and without cigarette smoke exposure. Maternal blood and urine samples and blood samples of umbilical cord were obtained in the delivery room. Concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and related biochemical indices in samples of maternal and cord blood were investigated. Exposure to cigarette smoke was evaluated through questionnaire and maternal urine and umbilical cord serum cotinine levels. Results The mean level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in maternal serum was 9.28?±?5.19?ng/mlin exposed and 10.75?±?5.26?ng/ml in non-exposed group(p?>?0.05). The mean concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in cord serum was 10.83?±?6.68?ng/ml in the exposed and 11.05?±?4.99?ng/ml in the non-exposed group(p?>?0.05). The exposed mothers had significantly higher parathyroid hormone level (p?=?0.013), lower serum calcium (p?=?0.024) and higher serum alkaline phosphatase (p?=?0.024). There was a significant correlation between maternal and umbilical cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D within both exposed and non-exposed groups (p?0.001). Conclusion Maternal exposure to cigarette smoking during pregnancy negatively influences serum calcium level and increase parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase in mothers.
Effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa on biochemical, hematological and oxidative stress parameters in hypercholesterolemic patients
Ethnopharmacological relevanceIn Southern Brazil, the plant Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg. (Myrtaceae), popularly known as "guavirova", has been empirically used for its potential effect in reducing blood cholesterol levels.
Jonatas Zeni Klafke; Mariane Arnoldi da Silva; Tiago Facchini Panigas; Karlyse Claudino Belli; Marileides Facco de Oliveira; Márcia Meister Barichello; Flavia Karine Rigo; Mateus Fortes Rossato; Adair Roberto Soares dos Santos; Moacir Geraldo Pizzolatti; Juliano Ferreira; Paulo Ricardo Nazário Viecili
Correlations between Vitamin D Status and Biochemical\\/Clinical and Pathological Parameters in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Background To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the effects of vitamin D status on parathyroid adenoma weight, clinical\\u000a and biochemical indices in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) were studied.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Methods Eighty patients with pHPT who underwent surgical treatment and in whom the presence of parathyroid adenoma were confirmed\\u000a histopathologically were studied retrospectively from recorded data files. Patients were divided
Ne?e Özbey; Ye?im Erbil; Evin Ademo?lu; Selçuk Özarma?an; Umut Barbaros; Alp Bozbora
Changes in quality and biochemical parameters in 'Idared' apples during prolonged shelf life and 1-MCP treatment.
In this study, changes in quality and various biochemical parameters of 'Idared' apples during prolonged shelf life period after ultra-low oxygen (ULO) storage were investigated. Additionally, the impact of the postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on different parameters was evaluated. After the harvest, apples were stored in the ULO storage for 6 months and then exposed to room temperature. Fruit firmness, peel color, and changes in sugars, organic acids and phenolics were monitored during the 3 weeks of shelf life. Malic acid, sugars and firmness decreased at room temperature. However, the color of the apples remained unchanged. The level of citric and ascorbic acid remained constant. Levels of phenolics in the peel increased significantly, whereas remained constant in the pulp of apples. 1-MCP treatment resulted in higher amounts of fructose and glucose, malic acid and greater firmness of apples. However, 1-MCP did not influence the phenolic content, ascorbic acid or color. The results obtained indicate that the content of different health-promoting compounds of apples does not change dramatically at room temperature. At the same time these results suggest that 1-MCP could be useful for maintaining certain quality and biochemical parameters and might extend the shelf life of apples. PMID:23175783
Bizjak, Jan; Slatnar, Ana; Stampar, Franci; Veberic, Robert
The effects of long-term exposure of magnetic field via 900-MHz GSM radiation on some biochemical parameters and brain histology in rats.
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of magnetic field via cell phones on some blood parameters and neurons in the brain of rats. Animals have been classified into three groups: control, Magnetic Field (MF), and F2 groups. Throughout this study, cell phones were placed on the wall of the cages. Rats were exposed to the effects of cell phones during prenatal and postnatal periods until they were 80 days old. During the study, the exposure procedure of rats was that the phone was in standby mode for a whole day and in talking mode for 30 min per day. The waves of cell phones caused an increased blood glucose level from 96.52 ± 5.64 mg/dl to 132.14 ± 5.93 mg/dl and an increased serum protein level from 131.14 ± 6.19 mg/dl to 319.29 ± 6.73 mg/dl compared to control. Statistically, significant differences wasn't observed in the blood cholesterol concentration between the groups compared to the control. Weekly weight gain decreased in all groups compared to the control. MF exposure decreased pyramidal neuron numbers 51.15% and increased ischemic neuron numbers 73% at cortex region of brain. In addition, vascular dilatations have increased clearly in group F2.Whereas the procedure of MF did not have any effects on hippocampal pyramidal cell numbers, magnetic fields increased the amount of ischemic neurons three-fold compared to the control. In conclusion, MF affected some biochemical parameters, especially the cortex region of the brain. PMID:22676902
Celikozlu, Saadet D; Ozyurt, M Sabri; Cimbiz, Ali; Yardimoglu, Melda Y; Cayci, M Kasim; Ozay, Yusuf
Effect of oral administration of aqueous whole extract of Cassytha filiformis on haematograms and plasma biochemical parameters in rats
Introduction We evaluated the sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous herbal extract prepared fromCassytha filiformis and administered daily for 28 days at dose levels (250, 500, and 1000 mg\\/kg bw) in male wistar albino rats. The LD50 of the aqueous extract was determined.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Methods The effects on body weights, organ weights, and certain haematological and plasma biochemical parameters were measured as\\u000a indices of
Hausatu M. Babayi; Joseph A. Abalaka; Joseph I. Okogun; O. A. Salawu; David D. Akumka; Adamu; Sunday S. Zarma; Bulus B. Adzu; Sabo S. Abdulmumuni; Kolo Ibrahime; Baba B. Elisha; Samuel S. Zakariys; Uford S. Inyang
[Evaluation of dietary therapy efficiency, based on clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with cardiovascular disease and osteopenia].
Aim of investigation was to analysis of dietary intake in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and osteopenia. We studied 13 patients with CDV and osteopenia and 117 control subjects with CDV. Analysis of dietary intake in all patients showed high level consumption of fat, excessive consumption of phosphorus and deficiency in consumption of vitamins A, B1, B2. It was shown that diet-therapy has promoted the most positive changes of the clinical, biochemical and immunological parameters of patients had osteopenia less then control group. PMID:18030809
Gapparova, K M; Pogozheva, A V; Baturin, A K; Ogloblin, N A; Derbeneva, S A; Mal'tsev, G Iu; Trushina, E N; Mustafina, O K
Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen mRNA in Blood as a Potential Predictor of Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy
We investigated whether the detection of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in blood preoperatively has predictive value for biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer. All 134 patients scheduled to receive radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled. The authors used nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to detect PSMA mRNA-bearing cells in peripheral blood, and analyzed the ability of PSMA mRNA positivity to predict BCR after surgery. PSMA-mRNA was detected in 24 (17.9%) patients by RT-PCR. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 3 to 46 months), BCR developed in 15 patients (11.2%) and median time to BCR was 7 months (range, 3 to 25 months). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant difference between those positive or negative for PSMA in terms of recurrence-free actuarial probability (log rank P=0.0039). Multivariate analysis showed that positivity for PSMA mRNA (HR: 3.697, 95% CI 1.285-10.634, P=0.015) and a biopsy Gleason score of ?7 (HR: 4.500, 95% CI 1.419-14.274, P=0.011) were independent preoperative predictors of BCR. The presence of PSMA mRNA in peripheral blood can be used to predict BCR after radical prostatectomy.
Joung, Jae Young; Cho, Kang Su; Chung, Han Soo; Cho, In-Chang; Kim, Jung Eun; Seo, Ho Kyung; Chung, Jinsoo; Park, Weon Seo; Choi, Moon Kyung
Biochemical and Functional Analysis of Two Plasmodium falciparum Blood-Stage 6-Cys Proteins: P12 and P41
The genomes of Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria in humans, other primates, birds, and rodents all encode multiple 6-cys proteins. Distinct 6-cys protein family members reside on the surface at each extracellular life cycle stage and those on the surface of liver infective and sexual stages have been shown to play important roles in hepatocyte growth and fertilization respectively. However, 6-cys proteins associated with the blood-stage forms of the parasite have no known function. Here we investigate the biochemical nature and function of two blood-stage 6-cys proteins in Plasmodium falciparum, the most pathogenic species to afflict humans. We show that native P12 and P41 form a stable heterodimer on the infective merozoite surface and are secreted following invasion, but could find no evidence that this complex mediates erythrocyte-receptor binding. That P12 and P41 do not appear to have a major role as adhesins to erythrocyte receptors was supported by the observation that antisera to these proteins did not substantially inhibit erythrocyte invasion. To investigate other functional roles for these proteins their genes were successfully disrupted in P. falciparum, however P12 and P41 knockout parasites grew at normal rates in vitro and displayed no other obvious phenotypic changes. It now appears likely that these blood-stage 6-cys proteins operate as a pair and play redundant roles either in erythrocyte invasion or in host-immune interactions.
Taechalertpaisarn, Tana; Crosnier, Cecile; Bartholdson, S. Josefin; Hodder, Anthony N.; Thompson, Jenny; Bustamante, Leyla Y.; Wilson, Danny W.; Sanders, Paul R.; Wright, Gavin J.; Rayner, Julian C.; Cowman, Alan F.; Gilson, Paul R.; Crabb, Brendan S.
Blood parameters and turnover data in calves infested with lice.
Erythrokinetic and plasma protein turnover studies using 51Cr-red cells, 59Fe-transferrin and 125I-albumin, were carried out on young Ayrshire calves naturally infested with the long-nosed sucking louse Linognathus vituli. Throughout the trial none of the animals lost their appetite. Liveweight gain was greater in the uninfested animals but not significantly so. The infestation did not cause the animals to become anaemic, but plasma iron turnover rates were decreased and there was a significant increase in the red cell survival time. The circulating volumes of red cells and plasma were not significantly affected and the fractional catabolic rate of albumin was not markedly altered. At the end of the trial the mean red blood cell and mean total blood content of one louse was evaluated at 0.157 microliters and 0.443 microliters respectively, using 51Cr, and 0.120 microliters and 0.350 microliters respectively, using 59Fe. Using 125I the mean albumin content of one louse was 98.4 micrograms. PMID:1553437
Burns, L M; Titchener, R N; Holmes, P H
Evaluation of Quality Parameters for Cord Blood Donations.
SUMMARY: BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood (CB) is widely used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and holds promise for the development of innovative medicinal products. In order to find out whether the conditions for collection and storage before processing might have an impact on the quality of CB preparations, viability and the clonogenic potential were assessed. METHODS: CB was collected under field conditions. Flow cytometry was used to determine leukocytes, CD34/CD45+ cells, viability, and nucleated red blood cells (NRBC). Clonogenic activity was determined using isolated mononuclear cells (MNC). RESULTS: Neither plasma citrate concentrations nor storage temperature (within 24 h) affected cell viability or colony formation. After storage for 49-80 h, leukocyte viability declined by about 16% compared to CB stored up to 24 h. In contrast, the clonogenic activity and CD34/CD45+ cell content were not affected. A higher gestational age was associated with a lower yield of clonogenic activity compared to midterm deliveries. NRBC varied widely (median 7.3%; range 0.63-17.3%) without relation to gestational age or colony formation. There was a close correlation between the percentage of viable CD34/CD45+ cells and colony formation (r = 0.77 for CFU-GM; r = 0.75 for CFU-C). CONCLUSIONS: The content of viable CD34/CD45+ cells represents the clonogenic activity of CB preparations. Therefore, determination of viable CD34/CD45+ cells should be generally performed as a routine quality control assay. PMID:21076550
Salge-Bartels, Ursula; Huber, Helga Marie; Kleiner, Kornelia; Volkers, Peter; Seitz, Rainer; Heiden, Margarethe
Effects of modified detonation nanodiamonds on the biochemical composition of human blood.
In vitro experiments showed that protein and non-protein components of human blood serum could be absorbed on the surface of modified nanodiamonds obtained by detonation synthesis. The prospects of using nanodiamond as a new absorbent for hemodialysis, plasmapheresis, and laboratory diagnostics are discussed. PMID:23658923
Baron, A V; Puzyr, A P; Baron, I I; Bondar, V S
Impact of iron overload on interleukin-10 levels, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in patients with sickle cell anemia
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of iron overload on the profile of interleukin-10 levels, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in sickle cell anemia patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed of 30 patients with molecular diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Patients were stratified into two groups, according to the presence of iron overload: Iron overload (n = 15) and Non-iron overload (n = 15). Biochemical analyses were performed utilizing the Wiener CM 200 automatic analyzer. The interleukin-10 level was measured by capture ELISA using the BD OptEIAT commercial kit. Oxidative stress parameters were determined by spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software (version 5.0) and statistical significance was established for p-values < 0.05 in all analyses. Results Biochemical analysis revealed significant elevations in the levels of uric acid, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea and creatinine in the Iron overload Group compared to the Non-iron overload Group and significant decreases in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Ferritin levels correlated positively with uric acid concentrations (p-value < 0.05). The Iron overload Group showed lower interleukin-10 levels and catalase activity and higher nitrite and malondialdehyde levels compared with the Non-iron overload Group. Conclusion The results of this study are important to develop further consistent studies that evaluate the effect of iron overload on the inflammatory profile and oxidative stress of patients with sickle cell anemia.
Barbosa, Maritza Cavalcante; dos Santos, Talyta Ellen Jesus; de Souza, Geane Felix; de Assis, Livia Coelho; Freitas, Max Victor Carioca; Goncalves, Romelia Pinheiro
Biochemical parameters in the blood of Holstein calves given immunoglobulin Y-supplemented colostrums
Background In any calf rearing system it is desirable to obtain healthy animals, and reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. Bovine syndesmochorial placentation prevents the direct transfer of bovine immunoglobulins to the fetus, and calves are born hypogammaglobulinemic. These calves therefore require colostrum immediately after birth. Colostrum is rich in immunoglobulins (Ig) and its consumption results in the transfer of passive immunity to calves. The Ig absorption occurs within the first 12 h after birth. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY), derived from chicken egg yolk, has been used in the prevention and control of diseases affecting calves because it is very similar in structure and function to immunoglobulin G (IgG). In the current study, we sought to establish whether administration routes of colostrum supplemented with avian IgY affected passive immunity in calves. Results No significant differences were observed with respect to route of administration for colostrum. However, we did observe some differences in certain interactions between the various treatments. Calves fed colostrum containing egg yolk had higher levels of TP, ALB, and IgG, along with increased GGT activity. Conclusions Our results suggest that supplementing colostrum with egg yolk has a beneficial effect when given to calves, regardless of administration route.
Dynamics of microbial communities related to biochemical parameters during vermicomposting and maturation of agroindustrial lignocellulose wastes.
Scarce information is available on the changes in abundance of microbial taxa during vermicomposting. Quantitative PCR and DGGE analysis were used to monitor variations in the microbial structure, relative abundance of four bacterial classes and fungi over the vermicomposting and maturation period of wet olive cake (O) and vine shoots (W). Multivariate correlation analysis between microbial structure and abundance, earthworm biomass and enzyme activities revealed similar and divergent interactions in both processes. Although Eisenia fetida development was different, significant correlations were found with ?-glucosidase activity and with bacterial and fungal structure. In the vermicomposting period of O and W, a decline was found in bacteria (94% and 77%), fungi (93% and 94%), and Gammaproteobacteria (56% and 71%) but an increase in Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria (62-79%). Alphaproteobacteria increased only in O (26%). Despite the different initial lignocellulose wastes, the mature vermicomposts were similar in microbial and biochemical properties. PMID:23948272
Castillo, Jean Manuel; Romero, Esperanza; Nogales, Rogelio
Effects of bifenthrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bifenthrin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The 96-h LC50 value of Talstar EC 10 (active substance 100 g l(-1) bifenthrin) was found to be 57.5 microg l(-1). Examination of haematological and biochemical profiles and histological tissue examination was performed on common carp after 96 h of exposure to Talstar EC 10 (57.5 microg l(-1)). The experimental group showed significantly higher (P < 0.01) values of plasma glucose, ammonia, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase as well as the relative and absolute monocyte count, compared with the control group. Histological examination revealed teleangioectasiae of secondary gill lamellae and degeneration of hepatocytes. The bifenthrin-based Talstar EC 10 pesticide preparation was classified as a substance strongly toxic for fish. PMID:18766454
Velisek, J; Svobodova, Z; Machova, J
Effect of superovulation on uterine and serum biochemical parameters and its potential association with transferable embryos in Holstein dairy cows
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of superovulation (SOV) on serum and uterine biochemical parameters, uterine bacteriology and cytology and number of transferable embryos (TE). Dairy cows were placed on a Presynch/CIDR Synch protocol. The SOV group was superovulated, induced in estrus, and inseminated, whereas the control group was induced in estrus and inseminated without SOV. Uterine bacteriology and cytology and uterine and serum biochemical parameters were measured at day 7 of the estrous cycle to start the SOV protocol, as well as on the day of embryo recovery (DER). The SOV group produced 7.5 ± 6.7 oocytes/embryos, of which 3.4 ± 4.7 were TE. Serum urea and E2 and uterine Glu, CK, LDH, TP, P4 and PGFM in the control group and serum P4 and PGFM and uterine LDH and PGFM in the SOV group were significantly higher (p < 0.01) at DER than day 7. At DER, uterine urea, LDH, PGFM and TP and serum urea, LDH, PGFM, and P4 concentrations were higher (p < 0.01) in the SOV group than the control. There was no significant variation in uterine bacteriology or cytology. Overall, these results infer that SOV affects both serum profile and uterine secretions, and that these changes may influence the number of TE.
Rasolomboahanginjatovo, Hasina Santatriniaina; Dupras, Raynald; Mills, Louis; Lefebvre, Rejean
Effect of superovulation on uterine and serum biochemical parameters and its potential association with transferable embryos in Holstein dairy cows.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of superovulation (SOV) on serum and uterine biochemical parameters, uterine bacteriology and cytology and number of transferable embryos (TE). Dairy cows were placed on a Presynch/CIDR Synch protocol. The SOV group was superovulated, induced in estrus, and inseminated, whereas the control group was induced in estrus and inseminated without SOV. Uterine bacteriology and cytology and uterine and serum biochemical parameters were measured at day 7 of the estrous cycle to start the SOV protocol, as well as on the day of embryo recovery (DER). The SOV group produced 7.5 ± 6.7 oocytes/embryos, of which 3.4 ± 4.7 were TE. Serum urea and E2 and uterine Glu, CK, LDH, TP, P4 and PGFM in the control group and serum P4 and PGFM and uterine LDH and PGFM in the SOV group were significantly higher (p < 0.01) at DER than day 7. At DER, uterine urea, LDH, PGFM and TP and serum urea, LDH, PGFM, and P4 concentrations were higher (p < 0.01) in the SOV group than the control. There was no significant variation in uterine bacteriology or cytology. Overall, these results infer that SOV affects both serum profile and uterine secretions, and that these changes may influence the number of TE. PMID:24675828
Rasolomboahanginjatovo, Hasina Santatriniaina; Chorfi, Younčs; Dupras, Raynald; Mills, Louis; Lefebvre, Réjean
The evaluation of physiological and biochemical parameters and the autonomic nervous systems of children with breath-holding spells.
Aim?The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and biochemical parameters of children who are experiencing breath-holding spells (BHS) and to compare the function of their autonomic nervous systems with those of healthy children. Patients and Methods?A total of 30 children (age range, 6 months-5 years) admitted for BHS were included in the study. The control group consisted of 30 age-matched and gender-matched healthy children. Each participant underwent a detailed physical examination as well as a laboratory evaluation. Echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and electroencephalography were performed in the study group. The pilocarpine eye test was administered to each participant to detect autonomic dysfunction. Results?No statistically significant differences were found between the groups for mean age, gender, and anthropometric measurements, nor for the biochemical parameters, including hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 levels (p ? 0.05). Compared with the control group, the study group showed significantly abnormal hypersensitivity of pupils after instillation of pilocarpine into their eyes (p?=?0.01). Conclusion?Autonomic dysfunction existed in the children with BHS, but no correlation was found between BHS and deficiencies of iron, vitamin D, or vitamin B12. PMID:24338514
Arslan, Huseyin; Torun, Emel; Akkan, Julide Canan U; Guler, Serhat; Bayraktar, Suleyman
Measuring the level of agreement in hematologic and biochemical values between blood sampling sites in leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea).
Conservation programs to protect endangered sea turtles are being instituted worldwide. A common practice in these programs is to collect blood to evaluate the health of the turtles. Several different venipuncture sites are used to collect blood from sea turtles for hematologic and biochemistry tests, depending on the species. To date, it is unknown what affect venipuncture site may have on sample results. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of agreement between hematologic and biochemistry values collected from the dorsal cervical sinus and the interdigital vein of leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles. Paired heparinized blood samples were obtained from the dorsal cervical sinus and the interdigital vein of 12 adult female nesting leatherback sea turtles on Keys Beach, St. Kitts, West Indies. Even though the sample population was small, the data for each chemistry were normally distributed, except for creatine kinase (CK). There was no significant difference when comparing biochemistry or hematologic values by venipuncture site, except for CK (P = 0.02). The level of agreement between sampling sites was considered good for albumin, calcium, globulin, glucose, packed cell volume, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, total protein, total solids, uric acid, white blood cell count, and all of the individual white cell types, while the level of agreement for aspartate aminotransferase and CK were considered poor. This information, coupled with the fact that the interdigital vein affords a less-invasive procedure, demonstrates that the interdigital vein is an appropriate location to use when establishing a hematologic and biochemical profile for leatherback sea turtles. PMID:23272336
Stewart, Kimberly; Mitchell, Mark A; Norton, Terry; Krecek, Rosina C
Relationships between blood lactate parameters and endurance performance
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The purpose of this study was to determine if one lactate threshold definition, as determined from an incremental maximal exercise test, correlates the best with the average speed of running during two different distances (10 km and 21.1 km). Thirteen well-trained runners (age: 30.9 +/- 2.2 yrs; height: 179.9 +/- 1.2 cm; weight: 70.5 +/- 1.8 kg; body fat: 8.5 +/- 1.0%; V?O2max: 65.3 +/- 1.0 ml·kg -1·min-1) completed an incremental maximal exercise test to determine their individual lactate profile, one 10 km and one half marathon time trial (TT) on a treadmill. During these trials, oxygen consumption, heart rate, and blood responses were measured. Blood samples were collected through a venous catheter placed in an antecubital vein to determine lactate responses. Correlation coefficients between the running velocity at the different LT definitions and the average running speed during each time trial were calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A dependent t-test was used to determine statistical difference for the mean lactate response between the two running distances and a two-way ANOVA was used to determine the difference between trials over time. All the lactate threshold definitions were significantly correlated (r ? 0.59; p < 0.05) with both distances. The LTlog was the definition with the highest correlation for both 10 km time trial (r = 0.926) and the half marathon (r = 0.906). The mean lactate concentration during the 10 km time trial (3.52 +/- 0.4 mmol/L) was significantly higher than the mean lactate concentration during the half marathon (1.86 +/- 0.3 mmol/L). These results indicate that any point on the lactate profile curve correlates with running performance with LTlog providing the highest correlation. However, the LT log was not the best indicator for each individual for each distance, indicating that there is a need to consider individual differences.
Papadopoulos, Charilaos
Assessment of biochemical and hematological parameters in rats injected with Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the hematological changes induced by Tityus serrulatus venom (TsV). Blood of Wistar rats was collected 0.5, 2, 6 and 24 h after i.p. injection of TsV (0.5 mg/kg) or saline (controls). Two additional groups were injected with 0.67 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg of TsV and the blood was collected after 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. The results showed an increase on hematocrit (Ht), red blood cells (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), albumin and total protein, mainly 2-6 h after envenoming. Increase in serum activities of amylase, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were also observed, indicating tecidual damages. Hyperglycemia was observed at all times analyzed, as a consequence of catecholamine release. No significant changes were detected in the urea, [Na(+)] and [Ca(2+)], but an increase of [Mg(2+)], [K(+)] and conductivity was observed. TsV induced a reduction of erythrocytes osmotic fragility as consequence of dehydration and increase in plasma electrolytes concentration, as evidenced by its higher conductivity. This study demonstrated that TsV is able to induce severe hematological changes, that appear within the first hours after envenoming, justifying the seeking of medical attention as soon as possible to avoid worsening of clinical symptoms. PMID:20837041
Cusinato, D A C; Souza, A M; Vasconcelos, F; Guimarăes, L F L; Leite, F P; Gregório, Z M O; Giglio, J R; Arantes, E C
Physiological responses to starvation in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla): effects on haematological, biochemical, non-specific immune parameters and skin structures.
The physiological effects of short-term starvation on some haematological, biochemical and non-specific immune response parameters together with the histological structure of the skin, were investigated in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Blood haemoglobin and haematocrit, serum glucose and cortisol, hemolysins, haemagglutinins, and lysozyme in the plasma, kidney and epidermal extract, were measured in fish after 31, 42 and 58 days of starvation, and compared to those of fed fish. Starvation did not affect haemoglobin and haematocrit values, while an increase in glucose and cortisol levels was found in starved eels by day 42. Haemolytic and haemagglutinating activities decreased in starved eels. On the other hand, starvation caused an increase in the lysozyme content in the epidermal extracts, while no significant variations were observed in kidney and plasma. On the whole, no major changes in metabolic, haematological and non-specific immune parameters were observed when short-term (less than 2 months) starvation was applied to the European eel, suggesting an adaptive response to starvation, rather than a typical alarm-stress response, allowing this species to withstand food deprivation. PMID:19093221
Caruso, G; Maricchiolo, G; Micale, V; Genovese, L; Caruso, R; Denaro, M G
Effects of Chitin and Sepia Ink Hybrid Hemostatic Sponge on the Blood Parameters of Mice
Chitin and sepia ink hybrid hemostatic sponge (CTSH sponge), a new biomedical material, was extensively studied for its bene?cial biological properties of hemostasis and stimulation of healing. However, studies examining the safety of CTSH sponge in the blood system are lacking. This experiment aimed to examine whether CTSH sponge has negative effect on blood systems of mice, which were treated with a dosage of CTSH sponge (135 mg/kg) through a laparotomy. CTSH sponge was implanted into the abdominal subcutaneous and a laparotomy was used for blood sampling from abdominal aortic. Several kinds of blood parameters were detected at different time points, which were reflected by coagulation parameters including thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplatin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) and platelet factor 4 (PF4); anticoagulation parameter including antithrombin III (AT-III); fibrinolytic parameters including plasminogen (PLG), fibrin degradation product (FDP) and D-dimer; hemorheology parameters including blood viscosity (BV) and plasma viscosity (PV). Results showed that CTSH sponge has no significant effect on the blood parameters of mice. The data suggested that CTSH sponge can be applied in the ?eld of biomedical materials and has potential possibility to be developed into clinical drugs of hemostatic agents.
Zhang, Wei; Sun, Yu-Lin; Chen, Dao-Hai
Phosphorylation of Blood Vessel Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein at Serine 239 as a Functional Biochemical Marker of Endothelial Nitric Oxide\\/Cyclic GMP Signaling
The endothelium-derived relaxing factors nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) are important antithrombotic, relaxant, and antiproliferative agents of the blood vessel wall that exert their intracellular effects primarily via cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinases (cGK, cAK). However, no biochemical marker for their activity in the intact blood vessel is available except for transient increases in the concentration of cGMP and
C. Ibarra-Alvarado; VOLKER O. MELICHAR; ALEXANDER MAMEGHANI; HARALD H. H. W. SCHMIDT
Early detection of crop injury from herbicide glyphosate by leaf biochemical parameter inversion
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Early detection of crop injury from herbicide glyphosate is of significant importance in crop management. In this paper, we attempt to detect glyphosate-induced crop injury by PROSPECT (leaf optical PROperty SPECTra model) inversion through leaf hyperspectral reflectance measurements for non-Glyphosate-Resistant (non-GR) soybean and non-GR cotton leaves. The PROSPECT model was inverted to retrieve chlorophyll content (Ca+b), equivalent water thickness (Cw), and leaf mass per area (Cm) from leaf hyperspectral reflectance spectra. The leaf stress conditions were then evaluated by examining the temporal variations of these biochemical constituents after glyphosate treatment. The approach was validated with greenhouse-measured datasets. Results indicated that the leaf injury caused by glyphosate treatments could be detected shortly after the spraying for both soybean and cotton by PROSPECT inversion, with Ca+b of the leaves treated with high dose solution decreasing more rapidly compared with leaves left untreated, whereas the Cw and Cm showed no obvious difference between treated and untreated leaves. For both non-GR soybean and non-GR cotton, the retrieved Ca+b values of the glyphosate treated plants from leaf hyperspectral data could be distinguished from that of the untreated plants within 48 h after the treatment, which could be employed as a useful indicator for glyphosate injury detection. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of applying the PROSPECT inversion technique for the early detection of leaf injury from glyphosate and its potential for agricultural plant status monitoring.
Zhao, Feng; Guo, Yiqing; Huang, Yanbo; Reddy, Krishna N.; Lee, Matthew A.; Fletcher, Reginald S.; Thomson, Steven J.
[Variation of biochemical parameters of the first morning urine during month of Ramadan].
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of fluid and diet restriction in fasting on biochemical factors of stone formation. Our study concernes 90 patients divided in three groups: healthy fasting patient (GI), healthy non fasting patient (G2) and non fasting patient with calcium lithiasis (G3). The promotors (oxalate, calcium, uric acid, phosphates) and inhibitors (citrate, magnesium) are statistically significant between G1, G2 and G3, G2. Supersaturation of urine with oxalate, uric acid and brushite are the same for (G1) and (G3) and higher than (G2). Crystalluria is more important in lithiasis subjects compared with healthy non fasting patients (58% vs 11,4%). Oxalate monohydrate (Whewellite) and uric crystal don't exist in the healthy non fasting people but reached 4% and 12% respectively in the lithiasis patient. The crystalluria profil is the same in the heathy fasting patients and calcium lithiasis patients. However healthy patients have equilibria between promotors and inhibitors of crystal formation which minimize the risk of crystalluria and subsequent stone formation. PMID:16370207
Zghal, Amel; Fellah, Hayet; Zerelli, Lilia; Daudon, Michel; Belkehia, Chelbi; Ben Ammar, Slim
Structural and biochemical characterization of the KLHL3-WNK kinase interaction important in blood pressure regulation.
WNK1 [with no lysine (K)] and WNK4 regulate blood pressure by controlling the activity of ion co-transporters in the kidney. Groundbreaking work has revealed that the ubiquitylation and hence levels of WNK isoforms are controlled by a Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL3KLHL3) that utilizes CUL3 (Cullin3) and its substrate adaptor, KLHL3 (Kelch-like protein 3). Loss-of-function mutations in either CUL3 or KLHL3 cause the hereditary high blood pressure disease Gordon's syndrome by stabilizing WNK isoforms. KLHL3 binds to a highly conserved degron motif located within the C-terminal non-catalytic domain of WNK isoforms. This interaction is essential for ubiquitylation by CRL3KLHL3 and disease-causing mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 exert their effects on blood pressure by disrupting this interaction. In the present study, we report on the crystal structure of the KLHL3 Kelch domain in complex with the WNK4 degron motif. This reveals an intricate web of interactions between conserved residues on the surface of the Kelch domain ?-propeller and the WNK4 degron motif. Importantly, many of the disease-causing mutations inhibit binding by disrupting critical interface contacts. We also present the structure of the WNK4 degron motif in complex with KLHL2 that has also been reported to bind WNK4. This confirms that KLHL2 interacts with WNK kinases in a similar manner to KLHL3, but strikingly different to how another KLHL protein, KEAP1 (Kelch-like enoyl-CoA hydratase-associated protein 1), binds to its substrate NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2). The present study provides further insights into how Kelch-like adaptor proteins recognize their substrates and provides a structural basis for how mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 lead to hypertension. PMID:24641320
Schumacher, Frances-Rose; Sorrell, Fiona J; Alessi, Dario R; Bullock, Alex N; Kurz, Thimo
Structural and biochemical characterization of the KLHL3-WNK kinase interaction important in blood pressure regulation
WNK1 [with no lysine (K)] and WNK4 regulate blood pressure by controlling the activity of ion co-transporters in the kidney. Groundbreaking work has revealed that the ubiquitylation and hence levels of WNK isoforms are controlled by a Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL3KLHL3) that utilizes CUL3 (Cullin3) and its substrate adaptor, KLHL3 (Kelch-like protein 3). Loss-of-function mutations in either CUL3 or KLHL3 cause the hereditary high blood pressure disease Gordon's syndrome by stabilizing WNK isoforms. KLHL3 binds to a highly conserved degron motif located within the C-terminal non-catalytic domain of WNK isoforms. This interaction is essential for ubiquitylation by CRL3KLHL3 and disease-causing mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 exert their effects on blood pressure by disrupting this interaction. In the present study, we report on the crystal structure of the KLHL3 Kelch domain in complex with the WNK4 degron motif. This reveals an intricate web of interactions between conserved residues on the surface of the Kelch domain ?-propeller and the WNK4 degron motif. Importantly, many of the disease-causing mutations inhibit binding by disrupting critical interface contacts. We also present the structure of the WNK4 degron motif in complex with KLHL2 that has also been reported to bind WNK4. This confirms that KLHL2 interacts with WNK kinases in a similar manner to KLHL3, but strikingly different to how another KLHL protein, KEAP1 (Kelch-like enoyl-CoA hydratase-associated protein 1), binds to its substrate NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2). The present study provides further insights into how Kelch-like adaptor proteins recognize their substrates and provides a structural basis for how mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 lead to hypertension.
Schumacher, Frances-Rose; Sorrell, Fiona J.; Alessi, Dario R.; Bullock, Alex N.; Kurz, Thimo
Interaction of lipophorin with Rhodnius prolixus oocytes: biochemical properties and the importance of blood feeding
Lipophorin (Lp) is the main haemolymphatic lipoprotein in insects and transports lipids between different organs. In adult females, lipophorin delivers lipids to growing oocytes. In this study, the interaction of this lipoprotein with the ovaries of Rhodnius prolixus was characterised using an oocyte membrane preparation and purified radiolabelled Lp (125I-Lp). Lp-specific binding to the oocyte membrane reached equilibrium after 40-60 min and when 125I-Lp was incubated with increasing amounts of membrane protein, corresponding increases in Lp binding were observed. The specific binding of Lp to the membrane preparation was a saturable process, with a Kdof 7.1 ± 0.9 x 10-8M and a maximal binding capacity of 430 ± 40 ng 125I-Lp/µg of membrane protein. The binding was calcium independent and pH sensitive, reaching its maximum at pH 5.2-5.7. Suramin inhibited the binding interaction between Lp and the oocyte membranes, which was completely abolished at 0.5 mM suramin. The oocyte membrane preparation from R. prolixus also showed binding to Lp from Manduca sexta. When Lp was fluorescently labelled and injected into vitellogenic females, the level of Lp-oocyte binding was much higher in females that were fed whole blood than in those fed blood plasma.
Entringer, Petter Franco; Grillo, Luciano Aparecido Meireles; Pontes, Emerson Guedes; Machado, Ednildo Alcantara; Gondim, Katia Calp
Confinement regulates complex biochemical networks: initiation of blood clotting by "diffusion acting".
This study shows that environmental confinement strongly affects the activation of nonlinear reaction networks, such as blood coagulation (clotting), by small quantities of activators. Blood coagulation is sensitive to the local concentration of soluble activators, initiating only when the activators surpass a threshold concentration, and therefore is regulated by mass transport phenomena such as flow and diffusion. Here, diffusion was limited by decreasing the size of microfluidic chambers, and it was found that microparticles carrying either the classical stimulus, tissue factor, or a bacterial stimulus, Bacillus cereus, initiated coagulation of human platelet-poor plasma only when confined. A simple analytical argument and numerical model were used to describe the mechanism for this phenomenon: confinement causes diffusible activators to accumulate locally and surpass the threshold concentration. To interpret the results, a dimensionless confinement number, Cn, was used to describe whether a stimulus was confined, and a Damköhler number, Da(2), was used to describe whether a subthreshold stimulus could initiate coagulation. In the context of initiation of coagulation by bacteria, this mechanism can be thought of as "diffusion acting", which is distinct from "diffusion sensing". The ability of confinement and diffusion acting to change the outcome of coagulation suggests that confinement should also regulate other biological "on" and "off" processes that are controlled by thresholds. PMID:19843446
Shen, Feng; Pompano, Rebecca R; Kastrup, Christian J; Ismagilov, Rustem F
Bayesian parameter inference for stochastic biochemical network models using particle Markov chain Monte Carlo
Computational systems biology is concerned with the development of detailed mechanistic models of biological processes. Such models are often stochastic and analytically intractable, containing uncertain parameters that must be estimated from time course data. In this article, we consider the task of inferring the parameters of a stochastic kinetic model defined as a Markov (jump) process. Inference for the parameters of complex nonlinear multivariate stochastic process models is a challenging problem, but we find here that algorithms based on particle Markov chain Monte Carlo turn out to be a very effective computationally intensive approach to the problem. Approximations to the inferential model based on stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are considered, as well as improvements to the inference scheme that exploit the SDE structure. We apply the methodology to a Lotka–Volterra system and a prokaryotic auto-regulatory network.
Golightly, Andrew; Wilkinson, Darren J.
Bayesian parameter inference for stochastic biochemical network models using particle Markov chain Monte Carlo.
Computational systems biology is concerned with the development of detailed mechanistic models of biological processes. Such models are often stochastic and analytically intractable, containing uncertain parameters that must be estimated from time course data. In this article, we consider the task of inferring the parameters of a stochastic kinetic model defined as a Markov (jump) process. Inference for the parameters of complex nonlinear multivariate stochastic process models is a challenging problem, but we find here that algorithms based on particle Markov chain Monte Carlo turn out to be a very effective computationally intensive approach to the problem. Approximations to the inferential model based on stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are considered, as well as improvements to the inference scheme that exploit the SDE structure. We apply the methodology to a Lotka-Volterra system and a prokaryotic auto-regulatory network. PMID:23226583
Golightly, Andrew; Wilkinson, Darren J
Evaluation of the toxic effect of star fruit on serum biochemical parameters in rats.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effect of Averrhoa carambola (star fruit) juice at different storage conditions in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Twenty female rats weighing 180 +/- 20 g were randomly assigned into four groups with five rats per group (n = 5). First group served as the control group, fed with distilled water (vehicle). Second, third and fourth groups were orally treated with juice of A. carambola stored for 0, 1 and 3 h respectively for 14 days. Cage-side observations were done daily after each treatment. Body weight, food consumption and water intake were recorded on day-0, day-3, day-7 and day-14. All rats were fasted overnight prior to blood collection through cardiac puncture on day-15. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine in blood serum were measured. Data were analyzed using Dunnett's test. From the results obtained, there was no lethality found and LD(50) could not be determined. Increment of ALT levels (P<0.05) was reported in those rats treated with A. carambola juice stored for 3 h. On the basis of these results, we can conclude that A. carambola juice stored for 0 hand 1 h are safe to be consumed. However, juice stored for 3 h exerts toxic effect on rat liver at hepatocellular level. PMID:20668578
Khoo, Z Y; Teh, C C; Rao, N K; Chin, J H
Evaluation of the toxic effect of star fruit on serum biochemical parameters in rats
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effect of Averrhoa carambola (star fruit) juice at different storage conditions in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Twenty female rats weighing 180 ± 20 g were randomly assigned into four groups with five rats per group (n = 5). First group served as the control group, fed with distilled water (vehicle). Second, third and fourth groups were orally treated with juice of A. carambola stored for 0, 1 and 3 h respectively for 14 days. Cage-side observations were done daily after each treatment. Body weight, food consumption and water intake were recorded on day-0, day-3, day-7 and day-14. All rats were fasted overnight prior to blood collection through cardiac puncture on day-15. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine in blood serum were measured. Data were analyzed using Dunnett's test. From the results obtained, there was no lethality found and LD50 could not be determined. Increment of ALT levels (P<0.05) was reported in those rats treated with A. carambola juice stored for 3 h. On the basis of these results, we can conclude that A. carambola juice stored for 0 hand 1 h are safe to be consumed. However, juice stored for 3 h exerts toxic effect on rat liver at hepatocellular level.
Khoo, Z. Y.; Teh, C. C.; Rao, N. K.; Chin, J. H.
Distribution of haptoglobin types and their significance for changes in biochemical and immunological parameters of people irradiated at small doses
Haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphism and its significance for changes in biochemical and immunological parameters was analyzed in personnel of a nuclear plant receiving doses of external and internal irradiation close to maximum permissible levels. The distribution of Hp types and frequencies of alleles Hp in the group of probands as a whole (1-1, 14.1; 2-1, 49.2%; and 2-2, 36.7%) and in probands subjected to different types and doses of irradiation (1-1, 13.6 - 16.0%; 2-1, 47.8 - 50.5%; and 2-2, 35.8 - 38.2%) did not differ from those expected or from corresponding parameters of the control group and population. An increase in the frequency of allele Hp{sup 1} was observed for persons over 60 years of age. It was found that the levels of uric acid, the activities of acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and its isozymes, and the content of certain lymphocyte classes and immune complexes are initially higher in carriers of Hp type 1-1. In these probands, changes in certain parameters related to irradiation were observed less frequently. In some cases, opposite changes in immunological parameters were observed in persons with different Hp types after internal irradiation. 23 refs., 6 tabs.
Tel`nov, V.I.; Vologodskaya, I.A.; Zhuntova, G.V. [Institute of Biophysics, Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation)
Physiological and biochemical parameters controlling waterlogging stress tolerance in Prunus before and after drainage.
Waterlogging is associated with poor soil drainage. As a consequence oxygen levels decrease in the root environment inducing root asphyxia and affecting plant growth. Some plants can survive under these conditions triggering complex anatomical and biochemical adaptations, mostly in the roots. Long- and short-term responses to waterlogging stress were compared in two trials using a set of two myrobalans (Prunus cerasifera Erhr), 'P.2175' and 'P.2980', as tolerant rootstocks and two almond × peach [Prunus amygdalus Batsch ×Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] interspecific hybrids, 'Garnem' and 'Felinem', as sensitive ones in two consecutive years. Stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content were measured in the long-term trials to assess survival performance, while the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 188.8.131.52), guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC 126.96.36.199), and catalase (CAT, EC 18.104.22.168) were measured in the short-term trials to study early antioxidant response. The incidence of the stress in the root environment was different as a result of the different plant development at the moment of the treatment, as a consequence of different environmental conditions both before and during the treatment between the 2 years. The activity of the different enzymes was higher in the sensitive genotype 'Felinem' than in the tolerant 'P.2175'. This result shows an activation of the antioxidant system and has been observed to depend of the different nature of the roots between the 2 years. As the antioxidant enzymes seem to work more efficiently when roots are more aerated, we cannot conclude that they are responsible for the higher tolerance observed in the myrobalan plums. PMID:22221115
Amador, María L; Sancho, Sara; Bielsa, Beatriz; Gomez-Aparisi, Joaquín; Rubio-Cabetas, María J
Effect of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Khaya senegalensis on Some Biochemical, Haematological, and Histopathological Parameters of Rats
The subchronic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis on some biochemical, haematological, and histopathological parameters of rats was investigated. The rats were divided into six groups of five rats per group. Groups I to VI were administered graded doses of 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000?mg/kg?bw, respectively. The result of study revealed that administration of the Khaya senegalensis for twenty-eight days at the experimental dose resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase in urea, electrolytes (Na+, K+), and creatinine levels. The extract also significantly (P < 0.05) increased serum activity of ALT, AST, and ALP. The levels of protein, albumin, and bilirubin were significantly changed when compared to their control values, but they were not dose dependent. The hematological indices assayed in this study were not significantly affected at the experimental dose when compared to the control values. Histological studies of the liver showed cellular degeneration and necrosis and bile duct hyperplasia and fibrosis with lymphocytic infiltration of the hepatocyte, providing supportive evidence for discussing the biochemical findings, indicative of functional derangement. The histological architecture of the kidney and that of the heart were however preserved. The result of this study indicates that the aqueous stem bark extract of K. senegalensis may affect the cellular integrity of vital organs of the body.
Onu, A.; Saidu, Y.; Ladan, M. J.; Bilbis, L. S.; Aliero, A. A.; Sahabi, S. M.
Role of blood pressure, uric acid, and hemorheological parameters on plasma homocyst(e)ine concentration
Elevated concentration of plasma homocyst(e)ine is an independent risk factor for clinical atherosclerosis. In this study, the concentration of plasma homocyst(e)ine in men who lacked a history of atherosclerotic disease was correlated with hemodynamic, rheological and biochemical parameters. Hypertensive subjects had higher concentrations of plasma homocyst(e)ine than normotensive subjects. Positive correlations were found between concentrations of plasma homocyst(e)ine and several
M. R. Malinow; J. Levenson; P. Giral; F. J. Nieto; M. Razavian; P. Segond; A. Simon
Predictive value of routine hematological and biochemical parameters on 30-day fatality in acute stroke
Objective: This prospective study was planned to study the prognostic value of routine clinical, hematological and bio- chemical parameters, including platelet aggregation in pa- tients of acute stroke, on fatality occurring during the first 30 days. Material and methods: In this study 116 consecutive patients (77 males and 39 females) of stroke (within 72 hours of onset) were included. After
R. S. Bhatia; R. K. Garg; S. P. S. Gaur; A. M. Kar; R. Shukla; A. Agarwal; R. Verma
Effects of Dietary L-carnitine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Organ Weight, Biochemical Parameters and Ascites Susceptibility in Broilers Reared Under Low-temperature Environment
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, organ weight, biochemical parameters of blood, heart and liver, and ascites susceptibility of broilers at different ages reared under a low-temperature environment. A total of 420 1-d-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments with fifteen replicates of fourteen broilers each. Treatment diets consisted of L-carnitine supplementation at levels of 0 and 100 mg/kg. At 11-d of age, low temperature stress was used to increase ascites susceptibility. Blood, heart and liver samples were collected at different ages for analysis of boichemical parameters. The results showed that, there was no significant difference in growth performance with L-carnitine supplementation, but the mortality due to ascites was significantly decreased. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced heart index (HI) and ascites heart index (AHI) on d 21, lung index (LUI) on d 35 and liver index (LI) on d 42. The broilers fed diets containing L-carnitine had significantly lower red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration and hematocrit (HCT) on d 42. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content of heart tissue on d 21 and 35, and significantly increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of the heart on d 21 and 42. L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum triglyceride (TG) content on d 28 and 35 and serum glucose (GLU) on d 35 and 42, and significantly increased serum total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) content on d 42. L-carnitine supplementation significantly enhanced liver succinodehydrogenase (SDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and Na+-K+-ATPase activity on d 28, and tended to reduce the lactic acid (LD) level of liver on d 35 (p = 0.06). L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum uric acid (UA) content on d 28, 35 and 42. Based on the current results, it can be concluded that dietary L-carnitine supplementation reduced organ index, red blood cell counts and hematocrit, enhanced antioxidative capacity of the heart, enhanced liver enzymes activity involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle, and reduced serum glucose and triglyceride. Therefore, it is suggested that L-carnitine can potentially reduce susceptibility and mortality due to ascites.
Wang, Y. W.; Ning, D.; Peng, Y. Z.; Guo, Y. M.
Changes in Lipid Profiles and Other Biochemical Parameters in HIV-1 Infected Patients Newly Commenced on HAART Regimen.
Abnormalities of lipid metabolism are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and tend to be accentuated in those receiving antiretroviral therapy, particularly with protease inhibitors (PIs). However, there is a dearth of information on serum lipid profiles and biochemical parameters among treatment-naive HIV-positive patients in our environment. We found that after 24 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), there was a significant increase in serum lipids. After 24 months of HAART, renal impairment was associated with a low increase in mean HDL and a high increase in triglycerides (TG). In conclusion, abnormality of serum lipid is common and showed female preponderance among treatment-naive HIV patients in our environment. Patients with HIV infection on HAART should be screened for lipid disorders given their high prevalence as observed in this study, because of its potential for morbidity and mortality in patients on HAART. PMID:24847172
Denue, Ballah Akawu; Alkali, Mohammed Bashir; Abjah, Ali Usman; Kida, Ibrahim Musa; Ajayi, Babajide; Fate, Bala Zira
Changes in Lipid Profiles and Other Biochemical Parameters in HIV-1 Infected Patients Newly Commenced on HAART Regimen
Abnormalities of lipid metabolism are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and tend to be accentuated in those receiving antiretroviral therapy, particularly with protease inhibitors (PIs). However, there is a dearth of information on serum lipid profiles and biochemical parameters among treatment-naive HIV-positive patients in our environment. We found that after 24 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), there was a significant increase in serum lipids. After 24 months of HAART, renal impairment was associated with a low increase in mean HDL and a high increase in triglycerides (TG). In conclusion, abnormality of serum lipid is common and showed female preponderance among treatment-naive HIV patients in our environment. Patients with HIV infection on HAART should be screened for lipid disorders given their high prevalence as observed in this study, because of its potential for morbidity and mortality in patients on HAART.
Denue, Ballah Akawu; Alkali, Mohammed Bashir; Abjah, Ali Usman; Kida, Ibrahim Musa; Ajayi, Babajide; Fate, Bala Zira
Biochemical Parameters of Vitamin D Nutriture in Old People in Jerusalem
Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25[OH]D3) levels and other parameters of vitamin D nutriture were examined in 58 subjects aged 70 or more, living in Jerusalem. They were compared with those of 54 young adults living in the same neighbourhood. No evidence was obtained of a lower level of vitamin D nutriture in the elderly compared to younger adults. Serum 25(OH)D3 of the
K. Guggenheim; M. Kravitz; Rachel Tal; N. A. Kaufmann
Protective effect of royal jelly on fertility and biochemical parameters in bleomycin-?induced male rats.
Background: Bleomycin (BL) is a glycopeptide antibiotic obtained from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus which is routinely used for treatment of human cancers. Royal jelly (RJ) is a production from the hypo pharyngeal, mandibular and post cerebral glands of nurse bees. RJ consists of 66% water, 15% sugars, 5% lipids, and 13% proteins, essential amino acids and vitamins. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate protective effect of royal jelly on sperm parameters and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in rat. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male wistar rats (220±20gr) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). Control group (CG) received normal saline 10 ml/kg twice a week with Intraperitoneal (I.P) for 48 days (0.3 ml/rat(. Royal Jelly group (RJG) received jelly (100 mg/kg daily) for 48 days orally. Bleomycin group (BLG) received BL (10 mg/kg twice a week) with I.P for 48 days. Royal Jelly+ Bleomycin group (RJ+BLG) received royal Jelly (100 mg/kg /day) orally concomitant with BL administration. Sperm count, motility, and viability were investigated and chromatin quality and DNA integrity were also analyzed. Serum testosterone and MDA concentrations were measured as well. Results: BL caused decline significantly (p<0.05) sperm count, sperm viability, motility as well as testosterone concentration compared to control group while significant (p<0.05) increases in immature sperm, sperm with damaged DNA and MDA concentration were announced in BL in comparison with CG and RJ+BLG. Royal jelly improved Bleomycin-induced toxicity on sperm parameters and testosterone and MDA concentrations. Conclusion: The present results support the idea that BL adversely affects sperm parameters and MDA and the RJ with antioxidant properties has positive effects on these parameters. This article extracted from M.Sc. thesis. (Tayebeh amirshahi). PMID:24799882
Amirshahi, Tayebeh; Najafi, Gholamreza; Nejati, Vahid
Global sensitivity analysis of biochemical, design and operational parameters of the Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2
Wastewater treatment plant control and monitoring can help to achieve good effluent quality, in a complex, highly non-linear process. The Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2 (BSM2) is a useful tool to competitively evaluate plant-wide control on a long-term basis. A key component to characterise the system for control is output- parameter sensitivity. This paper brings the results of a global
Lorenzo Benedetti; Damien J. Batstone; Bernard De Baets; Ingmar Nopens; Peter A. Vanrolleghemd
Protective effect of royal jelly on fertility and biochemical parameters in bleomycin-?induced male rats
Background: Bleomycin (BL) is a glycopeptide antibiotic obtained from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus which is routinely used for treatment of human cancers. Royal jelly (RJ) is a production from the hypo pharyngeal, mandibular and post cerebral glands of nurse bees. RJ consists of 66% water, 15% sugars, 5% lipids, and 13% proteins, essential amino acids and vitamins. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate protective effect of royal jelly on sperm parameters and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in rat. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male wistar rats (220±20gr) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). Control group (CG) received normal saline 10 ml/kg twice a week with Intraperitoneal (I.P) for 48 days (0.3 ml/rat(. Royal Jelly group (RJG) received jelly (100 mg/kg daily) for 48 days orally. Bleomycin group (BLG) received BL (10 mg/kg twice a week) with I.P for 48 days. Royal Jelly+ Bleomycin group (RJ+BLG) received royal Jelly (100 mg/kg /day) orally concomitant with BL administration. Sperm count, motility, and viability were investigated and chromatin quality and DNA integrity were also analyzed. Serum testosterone and MDA concentrations were measured as well. Results: BL caused decline significantly (p<0.05) sperm count, sperm viability, motility as well as testosterone concentration compared to control group while significant (p<0.05) increases in immature sperm, sperm with damaged DNA and MDA concentration were announced in BL in comparison with CG and RJ+BLG. Royal jelly improved Bleomycin-induced toxicity on sperm parameters and testosterone and MDA concentrations. Conclusion: The present results support the idea that BL adversely affects sperm parameters and MDA and the RJ with antioxidant properties has positive effects on these parameters. This article extracted from M.Sc. thesis. (Tayebeh amirshahi)
Amirshahi, Tayebeh; Najafi, Gholamreza; Nejati, Vahid
Estimation of parameters of a biochemically based model of photosynthesis using a genetic algorithm.
Photosynthesis response to carbon dioxide concentration can provide data on a number of important parameters related to leaf physiology. The genetic algorithm (GA), which is a robust stochastic evolutionary computational algorithm inspired by both natural selection and natural genetics, is proposed to simultaneously estimate the parameters [including maximum carboxylation rate allowed by ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) carboxylation rate (V(cmax)), potential light-saturated electron transport rate (J(max)), triose-phosphate utilization (TPU), leaf dark respiration in the light (R(d)) and mesophyll conductance (g(m))] of the photosynthesis models presented by Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry, and Ethier and Livingston. The results show that by properly constraining the parameter bounds the GA-based estimate methods can effectively and efficiently obtain globally (or, at least near globally) optimal solutions, which are as good as or better than those obtained by non-linear curve fitting methods used in previous studies. More complicated problems such as taking the g(m) variation response to CO(2) into account can be easily formulated and solved by using GA. The influence of the crossover probability (P(c)), mutation probability (P(m)), population size and generation on the performance of GA was also investigated. PMID:19703116
Su, Yonghong; Zhu, Gaofeng; Miao, Zewei; Feng, Qi; Chang, Zongqiang
Effect of atrazine, glyphosate and quinclorac on biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation and survival in bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus).
Increased use of pesticides worldwide has led to damage not only to natural ecosystems but also to nontarget species. This study assessed the effects of different concentrations of the herbicides atrazine, glyphosate, and quinclorac on biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, and survival in tadpoles of Lithobates catesbeianus (bullfrog). Two hundred eighty-eight tadpoles were acquired from a frog farm in the south of Brazil. All animals were kept in aquariums under controlled laboratory conditions for 7 days and exposed to commercial formulations of atrazine (5, 10, and 20 ?g/L), glyphosate (36, 72, and 144 ?g/L), and quinclorac (0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 ?g/L) for 7 days thereafter. The concentrations used in this study are similar to the levels of these herbicides found in natural water bodies. After exposure, gill, liver, and muscle samples were removed from each animal for quantitation of glycogen, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, total proteins, and lipid peroxidation. Atrazine, glyphosate, and quinclorac exposure induced a significant decrease in levels of glycogen and total lipids in gill, liver, and muscle. Triglycerides levels in the gill increased after exposure to glyphosate, and decreased after exposure to atrazine and quinclorac; their levels in liver and muscle decreased on exposure to all herbicides. Cholesterol and total protein levels decreased in liver and muscle for all three herbicides. All tissues exhibited increased lipid peroxidation after exposure to all herbicides. In conclusion, exposure to the herbicides tested in this study induced significant changes in biochemical parameters and increased lipid peroxidation levels in tadpoles of L. catesbeianus. PMID:24276472
Dornelles, Michele Flores; Oliveira, Guendalina Turcato
Effects of dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols on serum lipoproteins and biochemical parameters in healthy men.
The objective of this study was to investigate effects of dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs) on serum lipid levels, liver function, and hepatic fat accumulations in healthy men. Eleven subjects consumed 2200-2600 kcal daily, of which 70-80 g was fat; the fat included 40 g of MCTs or else 40 g of long-chain triacylglycerols (blended vegetable oil). The diet was followed for 4 weeks in this controlled double-blind study. At the end of the experiment, significant differences were not found in the concentrations of serum total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol between the groups. Serum triglycerol levels were not significantly different in the groups. Adverse effects from ingestion of MCTs on liver functions, the liver-to-spleen ratio on computed tomography (an index of fatty liver), or results of blood tests were not seen. The results suggest that the long-term effects of dietary MCTs on serum cholesterol were similar to those of unsaturated fatty acids found abundantly in vegetable oil, and that consumption of MCTs in the amount of 40 g/day for a month does not cause liver fat accumulation or liver dysfunction. PMID:12353632
Nosaka, Naohisa; Kasai, Michio; Nakamura, Masahiro; Takahashi, Isamu; Itakura, Megumi; Takeuchi, Hiroyuki; Aoyama, Toshiaki; Tsuji, Hiroaki; Okazaki, Mitsuko; Kondo, Kazuo
Effect of mercuric chloride on some biochemical and physiological parameters of the freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus
The freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus, was exposed to a sublethal concentration of mercuric chloride (3 ..mu..g/liter) for 120 days and the following effects were examined: changes in the levels of glucose and lactic acid in blood and of glycogen and lactic acid in liver and muscles; rate of absorption of glucose from the intestine; and changes in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), L-amino acid oxidase (AO), and xanthine oxidase (XO) in brain, gills, intestine, kidney, liver, and muscles. Mercury-treated fish were hypoglycemic and hypolactemic. The glycogen content of liver and muscles remained unaltered but the muscle lactic acid level decreased significantly. The rate of intestinal absorption of glucose was reduced significantly by exposure to mercury. G-6-Pase activity was decreased in all the tissues. Hexokinase activity also decreased in mercury-exposed fish but it was significant only in intestine, kidney, and liver. The activities of LDH, PDH, SDH, and MDH also were decreased significantly except LDH in brain and MDH in kidney where an insignificant decrease and an insignificant increase, respectively, were recorded. GDH and AO activities were elevated in most of the tissues except GDH in gills, and AO in gills and muscles where a decrease was observed. XO activity in brain, gills, and kidneys was significantly elevated, but no marked alteration was noted in other tissues.
Sastry, K.V.; Rao, D.R.
The biochemical response to controlled exposures of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was studied in 19 human subjects exposed to 0.2 ppm NO2 for 2 hr and compared to 15 control subjects exposed to filtered air for 2 hr. Seven biochemical blood parameters, including glutathione, red blood c...
Isolation and biochemical characterization of LEAP-2, a novel blood peptide expressed in the liver
The human genome contains numerous genes whose protein products are unknown in terms of structure, interaction partner, expression, and function. To unravel the function of these orphan genes, it is of particular value to isolate native forms of protein and peptide products derived from these genes. From human blood ultrafiltrate, we characterized a novel gene-encoded, cysteine-rich, and cationic peptide that we termed liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2). We identified several circulating forms of LEAP-2 differing in their amino-terminal length, all containing a core structure with two disulfide bonds formed by cysteine residues in relative 1–3 and 2–4 positions. Molecular cloning of the cDNA showed that LEAP-2 is synthesized as a 77-residue precursor, which is predominantly expressed in the liver and highly conserved among mammals. This makes it a unique peptide that does not exhibit similarity with any known human peptide regarding its primary structure, disulfide motif, and expression. Analysis of the LEAP-2 gene resulted in the identification of an alternative promoter and at least four different splicing variants, with the two dominating transcripts being tissue-specifically expressed. The largest native LEAP-2 form of 40 amino acid residues is generated from the precursor at a putative cleavage site for a furin-like endoprotease. In contrast to smaller LEAP-2 variants, this peptide exhibited dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against selected microbial model organisms. LEAP-2 shares some characteristic properties with classic peptide hormones and it is expected that the isolation of this novel peptide will help to unravel its physiological role.
Krause, Alexander; Sillard, Rannar; Kleemeier, Burkhard; Kluver, Enno; Maronde, Erik; Conejo-Garcia, Jose Ramon; Forssmann, Wolf Georg; Schulz-Knappe, Peter; Nehls, Michael C.; Wattler, Frank; Wattler, Sigrid; Adermann, Knut
Normal limits of gated blood pool SPECT count-based regional cardiac function parameters
Purpose Computations of left and right ventricular (LV and RV) gated blood pool SPECT (GBPS) ejection fraction (EF) have been well\\u000a validated against other imaging modalities. As GBPS images depict the entire extent of both blood pools, it is possible to\\u000a compute not only global but also regional biventricular function parameters, which have the prospect of being clinically useful\\u000a for
Kenneth J. Nichols; Andrew Van Tosh; Pieter De Bondt; Steven R. Bergmann; Christopher J. Palestro; Nathaniel Reichek
Femoral and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with hyperlipidaemia. Arteriographic findings correlated to clinical and biochemical parameters.
Quantitative assessment of atherosclerosis from arteriograms was applied in clinical follow-up trials for the evaluation of lipid-modulating treatment or risk factors. Computer-estimated lumen volume and arterial edge roughness in the femoral artery and in the aorta, visual scoring of aorto-femoral arteriograms and manual measuring of coronary artery stenosis were used. In each of 276 hypercholesterolaemic patients two femoral arteriograms were made, with a 10-minute interval. The reproducibility of the computer analysis method was found to be constant over the years, with slightly better reproducibility for lumen volume than for edge roughness. A small but significant drift in the radiological equipment was confirmed by the use of phantoms. In 290 patients, atherosclerosis assessments from the femoral artery (lumen volume and roughness) and visual scoring of the aorto-femoral arteriogram were correlated with clinical symptoms of coronary artery disease or previous myocardial infarction to test whether femoral atherosclerosis estimates can replace coronary studies in clinical trials. Both men and women with coronary artery disease had lower values for femoral lumen volume and more edge roughness than patients without these symptoms. Men with previous myocardial infarction had higher mean visual scores than those without. Thus, femoral atherosclerosis is an expression of a more generalized disease associated with clinical symptoms of coronary heart disease. The 290 patients were tested for correlation between degree of peripheral atherosclerosis and various metabolic risk factors. In women, high serum triglyceride values were associated with more extensive atherosclerosis. High fasting glucose values were associated with more extensive atherosclerosis in men. In men and women, high uric acid values were associated with greater roughness in the femoral artery. The effects of smoking, hypertension, poor physical fitness and body mass index on the development of peripheral atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemia were also investigated. The results indicated that the hypercholesterolaemic patients most likely to develop peripheral atherosclerosis are male and female smokers who do not take any physical exercise, and who have increased values of systolic blood pressure, uric acid and fasting glucose concentrations. Aortograms from 293 subjects were digitized and circular lumen volume and edge roughness were computer-estimated in a 7.35-cm segment of the distal aorta. A correlation between atherosclerosis in the aorta and in the femoral arteries indicated that aortic atherosclerosis is a manifestation of a more general disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID:8184697
Bergstrand, L
Exposition to tannery wastewater did not alter behavioral and biochemical parameters in Wistar rats.
There are scarce data on the neurotoxicity in mammalian induced by tannery wastewaters. Previously, the anxiogenic effect of tannery wastewater was demonstrated in mice, while wastewater submitted to photoelectrooxidation (PEO) process treatment did not affect the anxiety state. Considering that species may response differently to xenobiotics, the aim of the present work was to study the effects of exposure to tannery wastewaters (non-PEO or PEO-treated) on behavioral and neurochemical markers in another species of laboratory animals, specifically Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were given free access to water bottles containing non-PEO or PEO-treated tannery wastewaters (0.1, 1 and 5% in drinking water). During the exposure, behavioral tests of anxiety (elevated plus-maze, neophobia, open field and light-dark box), depression (forced swimming) and memory (inhibitory avoidance, novel object and discriminative avoidance) were performed. On the 30th day, brain structures were dissected out to evaluate cellular oxidative state (hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum) and acetylcholinesterase activity (hippocampus and striatum). Exposure to tannery effluent with or without photoelectrochemical treatment did not alter any behavioral and neurochemical parameters evaluated. Our data indicate that Wistar rats may not be an adequate species for ecotoxicological studies involving tannery effluents and that POE treatment did not generate other toxic compounds. PMID:24548682
Moysés, Felipe dos Santos; Bertoldi, Karine; Spindler, Christiano; Sanches, Eduardo Farias; Elsner, Viviane Rostirola; Rodrigues, Marco Antonio Siqueira; Siqueira, Ionara Rodrigues
Environmental contamination of chrysotile asbestos and its toxic effects on growth and physiological and biochemical parameters of Lemna gibba.
Asbestos was monitored in water, sediment, and aquatic plant samples around an asbestos cement factory. Based on asbestos concentration found in aquatic plants during monitoring, and the propensity of asbestos to cause oxidative stress in animal models, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess toxicity of chrysotile asbestos on an aquatic macrophyte, duckweed (Lemna gibba). L. gibba plants were exposed to two concentrations of chrysotile asbestos (0.5 microg and 5.0 microg chrysotile in 5.0 microl double distilled water) twice per week during a period of 28 days and cultured in medium containing 0.1 g chrysotile/L. Control plants were cultured in medium without chrysotile asbestos. Effect of chrysotile exposure on certain growth and physiological and biochemical parameters was evaluated. An inhibition effect of chrysotile exposure was found on the number of fronds, root length, and biomass. Similar alterations in contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, total free sugar, starch, and protein were also found. Contrary to effect on these parameters, a dose- and time-dependent increase in efflux of electrolytes, lipid peroxidation, cellular hydrogen peroxide, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity was found. The results indicate oxidative stress and phytotoxicity of chrysotile asbestos on duckweed. PMID:15386121
Trivedi, A K; Ahmad, I; Musthapa, M S; Ansari, F A; Rahman, Q
Unlimited access to low-energy diet causes acute malnutrition in dams and alters biometric and biochemical parameters in offspring.
Here we analyze the outcomes of unlimited access to a low-energy (LE) diet in dams and their offspring. At 3 weeks' gestation, pregnant Wistar rats were divided into two groups: (1) the control group received a normoenergetic diet; and (2) the experimental group received the LE diet. In dams, lactation outcomes, food intake, body weight, plasma IGF-1, prealbumin, transferrin and retinol-binding protein levels were evaluated; in offspring, biometric and biochemical parameters and food intake were evaluated. No differences were observed during pregnancy. However, after lactation, dams that received the LE diet demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (P<0.05), plasma IGF-1 (P=0.01), prealbumin and visceral fat (P<0.001). Pups born to dams that received the LE diet demonstrated reduced body length and weight at weaning (P<0.001) and were lighter than the control animals at the end of the experimental period. Pups also demonstrated reduced plasma, low-density lipoprotein (P=0.04), triglycerides (P=0.002) and glucose levels (P<0.05), and differences were noted in visceral fat. These results indicate that feeding dams with LE diet during the reproductive period induces acute malnutrition and impairs the growth and development of offspring, as well as certain metabolic parameters. PMID:24847690
do Nascimento, E; de Santana Muniz, G; das Graças de Santana Muniz, M; de Souza Alexandre, L; da Rocha, L S; Leandro, C G; de Castro, R M; Bolańos-Jimenez, F
Tension cost correlates with mechanical and biochemical parameters in different myocardial contractility conditions
OBJECTIVES: Tension cost, the ratio of myosin ATPase activity to tension, reflects the economy of tension development in the myocardium. To evaluate the mechanical advantage represented by the tension cost, we studied papillary muscle contractility and the activity of myosin ATPase in the left ventricles in normal and pathophysiological conditions. METHODS: Experimental protocols were performed using rat left ventricles from: (1) streptozotocin-induced diabetic and control Wistar rats; (2) N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive and untreated Wistar rats; (3) deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-treated, nephrectomized and salt- and DOCA-treated rats; (4) spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats; (5) rats with myocardial infarction and sham-operated rats. The isometric force, tetanic tension, and the activity of myosin ATPase were measured. RESULTS: The results obtained from infarcted, diabetic, and deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-treated rats showed reductions in twitch and tetanic tension compared to the control and sham-operated groups. Twitch and tetanic tension increased in the N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-treated rats compared with the Wistar rats. Myosin ATPase activity was depressed in the infarcted, diabetic, and deoxycorticosterone acetate salt-treated rats compared with control and sham-operated rats and was increased in N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-treated rats. These parameters did not differ between SHR and WKY rats. In the studied conditions (e.g., post-myocardial infarction, deoxycorticosterone acetate salt-induced hypertension, chronic N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester treatment, and streptozotocin-induced diabetes), a positive correlation between force or plateau tetanic tension and myosin ATPase activity was observed. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the myocardium adapts to force generation by increasing or reducing the tension cost to maintain myocardial contractility with a better mechanical advantage.
Moreira, Cleci M.; Meira, Eduardo F.; Vestena, Luis; Stefanon, Ivanita; Vassallo, Dalton V.; Padilha, Alessandra S.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Passiflora edulis on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats.
Passiflora edulis is traditionally used in folk lore medicine for the treatment of various ailments. To validate its use in traditional medicine, it is important to evaluate its toxicity in the animal system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of P. edulis in Wistar albino rats. Acute toxicity tests were conducted by the oral administration of 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight of the animal. In subacute study, they were administered with various doses of aqueous extract of P. edulis (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight) to evaluate its toxicity for a period of 7 days. The effect of aqueous extract of P. edulis on organ weight, hematological, renal, and hepatic markers were analyzed. In acute toxicity study, no mortality was seen with in 24 h of the administration of P. edulis extract. No signs of neurological and behavioral changes were noticed with in 72 h. In the subacute study, the extract intake has not changed the hematological parameters such as RBC, WBC, and platelets and it was also found that the plasma level of amino transferases, ALP, urea, uric acid and, creatinine were also not altered by the administration of P. edulis extract throughout the study. The weight of organ was found to be unaltered in all the doses selected. The acute toxicity study reveals that the oral administration of the extract was found to be safe up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg. The subacute study indicates that the extract is safe on the bone marrow function and it is neither hepatotoxic nor nephrotoxic. This supports the safety use of the aqueous extract of P. edulis in pharmacological studies. PMID:22736906
Devaki, K; Beulah, U; Akila, G; Gopalakrishnan, V K
Effects of cysteine and ergothioneine on post-thawed Merino ram sperm and biochemical parameters.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of cysteine and ergothioneine on the post-thawed sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities. Semen samples from 5 mature Merino rams were used in the study. Semen samples, which were diluted with a Tris-based extender containing l-Cysteine and l-(+)-Ergothioneine and no antioxidant (control), were cooled to 5°C and frozen in 0.25 ml French straws. Frozen straws were then thawed individually at 37°C for 20s in a water bath for evaluation. Ergothioneine at doses of 2 and 4mM increased percentages of subjective motility, VSL and VCL, compared to controls following the freeze-thawing (P<0.001). Ergothioneine at three different doses led to higher rates of progressive motility and VAP, compared to control groups (P<0.001). Cysteine and ergothioneine at three doses provided the higher rates of ALH, in comparison to no antioxidant group (P<0.001). As regards CASA motility, supplementation with antioxidants did not provide any significant difference on the percentage of post-thaw sperm CASA motilities, in comparison to the control. In regards of sperm membrane integrity, only cysteine 1mM provided a greater protective effect, compared to control (P<0.001). Percentages of sperm with high mitochondrial activity were dramatically increased with cysteine at doses of 1 and 2mM, compared to control (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in sperm acrosome integrities among groups. CAT activity was increased significantly only in cysteine1mM compared to control group (P<0.001). Cysteine at doses of 2 and 4mM showed a tendency of increased activities of CAT when compared to control. But these increases were not statistically significant. Supplementation with antioxidants did not significantly affect activities of SOD and GPx. Findings of this study showed that ergothioneine supplementation in semen extenders, was of greater benefit to motility and motion characteristics of frozen-thawed ram sperm. PMID:21513707
Coyan, Kenan; Ba?p?nar, Nuri; Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Akal?n, P?nar Peker
Phosphatidylserine exposure on stored red blood cells as a parameter for donor-dependent variation in product quality
Background Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outside of red blood cells contributes to recognition and removal of old and damaged cells. The fraction of phosphatidylserine-exposing red blood cells varies between donors, and increases in red blood cell concentrates during storage. The susceptibility of red blood cells to stress-induced phosphatidylserine exposure increases with storage. Phosphatidylserine exposure may, therefore, constitute a link between donor variation and the quality of red blood cell concentrates. Materials and methods In order to examine the relationship between storage parameters and donor characteristics, the percentage of phosphatidylserine-exposing red blood cells was measured in red blood cell concentrates during storage and in fresh red blood cells from blood bank donors. The percentage of phosphatidylserine-exposing red blood cells was compared with red blood cell susceptibility to osmotic stress-induced phosphatidylserine exposure in vitro, with the regular red blood cell concentrate quality parameters, and with the donor characteristics age, body mass index, haemoglobin level, gender and blood group. Results Phosphatidylserine exposure varies between donors, both on red blood cells freshly isolated from the blood, and on red blood cells in red blood cell concentrates. Phosphatidylserine exposure increases with storage time, and is correlated with stress-induced phosphatidylserine exposure. Increased phosphatidylserine exposure during storage was found to be associated with haemolysis and vesicle concentration in red blood cell concentrates. The percentage of phosphatidylserine-exposing red blood cells showed a positive correlation with the plasma haemoglobin concentration of the donor. Discussion The fraction of phosphatidylserine-exposing red blood cells is a parameter of red blood cell integrity in red blood cell concentrates and may be an indicator of red blood cell survival after transfusion. Measurement of phosphatidylserine exposure may be useful in the selection of donors and red blood cell concentrates for specific groups of patients.
Dinkla, Sip; Peppelman, Malou; van der Raadt, Jori; Atsma, Femke; Novotny, Vera M.J.; van Kraaij, Marian G.J.; Joosten, Irma; Bosman, Giel J.C.G.M.
Four-Parameter white blood cell differential counting based on light scattering measurements
Measurement of the depolarized orthogonal light scattering in flow cytometry enables one to discriminate human eosinephilic granulocytes from neutrophilic granulocytes. We use this method to perform a four-parameter differential white blood cell analysis. \\u000aA simple flow cytometer was built equipped with a 5-mW helium neon laser that measures simultaneously four light scattering parameters. Lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes were identified by
L. W. M. M. Terstappen; Grooth de B. G; K. Visscher; F. A. Kouterik; J. Greve
The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of tannery wastes or chrome shaving on hematological parameters of quail chicks. The chrome shaving was replaced by animal protein with 2.5 % and 5 % level and administrated to chicks in feed. The study was carried out up to 9th week of quail chicks. The blood
Samreen Riaz; Saadia Shahzad Alam; Ghazanfar Ali
Effect of Ramadan fasting on some biochemical and haematological parameters in Tunisian youth soccer players undertaking their usual training and competition schedule
Competitive Muslim athletes often have to train and compete during the holy month of Ramadan when they abstain from food and drink from sunrise to sunset. In this study, we investigated the effect of Ramadan fasting on some biochemical and haematological parameters in 78 Tunisian junior male soccer players aged 16–19 years who continued their usual schedule of daily training
Ronald J. Maughan; John B. Leiper; Zakia Bartagi; Rym Zrifi; Yacine Zerguini; Jiri Dvorak
Effect of bypass fat supplementation on productive performance and blood biochemical profile in lactating Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) buffaloes.
The study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of bypass fat on productive performance and blood biochemical profile of lactating Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Fifteen multiparous buffaloes (2-4 lactation) of early to mid lactation were divided in three homogenous groups T(1) (control), T(2), and T(3) of five each. The animals in T(1) were fed with a basal diet consisting of a concentrate mixture, green sorghum, and wheat straw as per requirements, while the animals in group T(2) and T(3) were fed with same ration supplemented with 0.7 % (100 g/day) and 1.4 % (200 g/day) bypass fat (on dry matter intake (DMI) basis), respectively. The feed intake, milk yield, and milk composition were not influenced by supplemental bypass fat. However, fat-corrected milk (6.5 %) yield was higher (P < 0.05) in T(3) (14.21) than that of T(1) (9.83) and similar with T(2) (11.05). Feed efficiency (milk yield/kg DMI) was higher (P < 0.05) in group T(3) (0.51) than that of T(1) (0.38) and T(2) (0.41) indicating that buffaloes fed with bypass fat which is 1.4 % (200 g/day) of the diet were economically more efficient. The serum cholesterol level was higher (P < 0.01) in bypass fat-supplemented group (T(2) and T(3)) of animals. Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (good cholesterol) level was more (P < 0.05) than LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) level with higher dose of bypass fat in T(3) than T(2). It was concluded that bypass fat supplementation with 1.4 % of the diet (200 g/day) increased the fat-corrected milk production and feed efficiency along with serum HDL cholesterol level in lactating Murrah buffaloes. PMID:22373930
Ranjan, Amit; Sahoo, Biswanath; Singh, Vijay Kumar; Srivastava, Susant; Singh, Suresh Pratap; Pattanaik, Ashok Kumar
The effects of dietary boron compounds in supplemented diet on hormonal activity and some biochemical parameters in rats.
The aims of this study were to clarify the effects of dietary boric acid or borax, as a boron (B) source, on hormonal status (leptin, insulin, triiodothyronine (T(3)), and thyroxine) and some biochemical parameter levels as glucose, carnitine, nonesterified fatty acids, and betahydroxybutyric acid in rats. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three equal groups: the animals in the first group (control) were fed with a standard rodent diet containing 6.4 mg B/kg, and the animals in the experimental group were fed with a standard rodent diet added with boric acid and borax (100 mg B/kg) throughout the experimental period of 28 days. The B compounds especially borax decreased leptin, insulin, and glucose levels, whereas increased T(3) and carnitine levels in plasma. In addition, body weight of rats was found to be low in the boric acid group at the end of 4 weeks. Consequently, our results demonstrate that B supplementation (100 mg/kg) in diet decreases body weight, leptin, and insulin, whereas increases T(3) levels in plasma, so enhances the metabolic activity of rats. Between the B compounds used in this study, it was found that borax had a greater effect on hormonal status than boric acid. PMID:23293135
Kucukkurt, Ismail; Akbel, Erten; Karabag, Funda; Ince, Sinan
Effects of Glycerol and Creatine Hyperhydration on Doping-Relevant Blood Parameters
Glycerol is prohibited as an ergogenic aid by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to the potential for its plasma expansion properties to have masking effects. However, the scientific basis of the inclusion of Gly as a "masking agent" remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a hyperhydrating supplement containing Gly on doping-relevant blood parameters. Nine trained males ingested a hyperhydrating mixture twice per day for 7 days containing 1.0 g·kg?1 body mass (BM) of Gly, 10.0 g of creatine and 75.0 g of glucose. Blood samples were collected and total hemoglobin (Hb) mass determined using the optimized carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method pre- and post-supplementation. BM and total body water (TBW) increased significantly following supplementation by 1.1 ± 1.2 and 1.0 ± 1.2 L (BM, P < 0.01; TBW, P <0.01), respectively. This hyperhydration did not significantly alter plasma volume or any of the doping-relevant blood parameters (e.g., hematocrit, Hb, reticulocytes and total Hb-mass) even when Gly was clearly detectable in urine samples. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementation with hyperhydrating solution containing Gly for 7 days does not significantly alter doping-relevant blood parameters.
Polyviou, Thelma P.; Easton, Chris; Beis, Lukas; Malkova, Dalia; Takas, Pantazis; Hambly, Catherine; Speakman, John R.; Koehler, Karsten; Pitsiladis, Yannis P.
Effects of glycerol and creatine hyperhydration on doping-relevant blood parameters.
Glycerol is prohibited as an ergogenic aid by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to the potential for its plasma expansion properties to have masking effects. However, the scientific basis of the inclusion of Gly as a "masking agent" remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a hyperhydrating supplement containing Gly on doping-relevant blood parameters. Nine trained males ingested a hyperhydrating mixture twice per day for 7 days containing 1.0 g·kg(-1) body mass (BM) of Gly, 10.0 g of creatine and 75.0 g of glucose. Blood samples were collected and total hemoglobin (Hb) mass determined using the optimized carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method pre- and post-supplementation. BM and total body water (TBW) increased significantly following supplementation by 1.1 ± 1.2 and 1.0 ± 1.2 L (BM, P < 0.01; TBW, P <0.01), respectively. This hyperhydration did not significantly alter plasma volume or any of the doping-relevant blood parameters (e.g., hematocrit, Hb, reticulocytes and total Hb-mass) even when Gly was clearly detectable in urine samples. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementation with hyperhydrating solution containing Gly for 7 days does not significantly alter doping-relevant blood parameters. PMID:23112907
Polyviou, Thelma P; Easton, Chris; Beis, Lukas; Malkova, Dalia; Takas, Pantazis; Hambly, Catherine; Speakman, John R; Koehler, Karsten; Pitsiladis, Yannis P
Effect of Preoperative N-Acetylcysteine on Postoperative Blood Loss Parameters in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Purpose. To determine if recent preoperative exposure to n-acetylcysteine (NAC), Mucomyst, increases postoperative blood loss in cardiac surgery patients. Methods. Retrospective review of cardiac surgery patients who underwent a cardiac catheterization within four days of surgery and whose serum creatinine was ?1.0?mg/dL. The study groups were those who received NAC in the pericatheterization period versus those who did not. The primary endpoint was postoperative chest tube output at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Secondary endpoints included number of transfusions and other bleeding parameters. Results. Mean blood loss in the first 24 hours was 962 ± 595?mL in the treatment group (n = 79) and 1,178 ± 788?mL in the control group (n = 106), P = .040. Blood loss between groups at 48 (366 ± 318?mL versus 412 ± 363?mL, P = .382) and 72 (194 ± 300?mL versus 176 ± 224?mL, P = .643) hours was not significantly different. There were no significant differences in postoperative transfusions or other bleeding parameters. Conclusions. Preoperative exposure to NAC did not increase postoperative blood loss or negatively affect other bleeding parameters.
Wesner, Amber R.; Brackbill, Marcia L.; Sytsma, Christine S.
Deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress and biochemical changes in tissues and blood of catfish (Clarias gariepinus): antioxidant defense and role of alpha-tocopherol
Background The pyrethroid class of insecticides, including deltamethrin, is being used as substitutes for organochlorines and organophosphates in pest-control programs because of their low environmental persistence and toxicity. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of commonly used pesticides (deltamethrin) on the blood and tissue oxidative stress level in catfish (Clarias gariepinus); in addition to the protective effect of ?-tocopherol on deltamethrin induced oxidative stress. Catfish were divided into three groups, 1st control group include 20 fish divided into two tanks each one contain 10 fish, 2nd deltamethrin group, where Fish exposed to deltamethrin in a concentration (0.75??g/l) and 3rd Vitamin E group, Fish exposed to deltamethrin and vitamin E at a dose of 12??g/l for successive 4?days. Serum, liver, kidney and Gills were collected for biochemical assays. Tissue oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdhyde (MDA) and catalase activity in liver, kidney and gills tissues, serum liver enzymes (ALT and AST), serum albumin, total protein, urea and creatinine were analysed. Results Our results showed that 48?h. exposure to 0.75??g/l deltamethrin significantly (p?0.05) increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the liver, kidney and gills while catalase activity was significantly decreased in the same tissues. This accompanied by significant increase in serum ALT, AST activity, urea and creatinine and a marked decrease in serum albumin and total proteins. Conclusions It could be concluded that deltamethrin is highly toxic to catfish even in very low concentration (0.75??g/l). Moreover the effect of deltamethrin was pronounced in the liver of catfish in comparison with kidneys and gills. Moreover fish antioxidants and oxidative stress could be used as biomarkers for aquatic pollution, thus helping in the diagnosis of pollution. Adminstration of 12??g/l ?-tocopherol restored the quantified tissue and serum parameters, so supplementation of ?-tocopherol consider an effective way to counter the toxicity of deltamethrin in the catfish.
[New complete blood count parameter to evaluate iron status of haemodialysis patients].
The presence of functionnal iron deficiency during erythropoietin therapy especially in patients with chronic renal failure leads to a diagnostic problem due to the low sensitivity and specificity of the biological parameters usually used in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. However, this diagnostic appears to be essential in so far as its treatment consists in intravenous iron perfusion that allow an optimal efficiency of erythropoietin therapy. Hypochromic red blood cells and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) are two new parameters that are given by Bayer blood count analyser (H3 and ADVIA 120) that may be usefull in the diagnostic of functionnal iron deficiency. The measurement is based on optical red cell analysis by laser beam diffraction in two angles that permit to analyze content and volume. Reticulocytes are identified by dying of residual nucleic acid. Many papers have demonstrated the usefulness of these parameters in the initial take care and follow up of haemodialysis patient. It seems that these parameters are complementary and need to be analysed simultaneously; Hypochromic red blood cells having the most interesting sensibility specificity ratio but reticulocyte hemoglobin content being superior in the understanding of acute modification. PMID:17373278
Salignac, Sylvain; Lecompte, Thomas
Contamination of the River Ganga and its toxic implication in the blood parameters of the major carp Labeo rohita (Ham).
A field study was conducted to examine different physicochemical properties of water and various haematological and biochemical parametres of the fish Labeo rohita collected from the Ganga River (National river of India) at Varanasi district, India. The water was found to be greatly contaminated with a number of dissolved metals (Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb) whose concentrations were above the safe limits suggested by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS 1991) for drinking water (Fe, 1,353.33 %; Cr, 456 %; Mn, 553.33 %; Ni, 4,490 % and Pb, 1,410 %). The metal accumulation in the fish blood was very high (Fe, 2,408 %; Cr, 956.57 %; Zn, 464.90 %; Cu, 310.57 %; Mn, 1,115.48 %) in comparison to the control fish maintained under strict quality control. Lower values of the various haematological parameters (total erythrocytes count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and O2-carrying capacity) in the river fish in comparison to the control indicate toxic manifestation exerted by the contaminated river water on the fish. The higher level of total leucocytes count further illustrates stressed condition of the river fish. The toxic impact of the Ganga water is also expressed in the fish by the presence of higher levels of cholesterol, glucose, elevated activities of the enzymes aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase, and lowered protein concentration. PMID:23456946
Vaseem, Huma; Banerjee, T K
Effects of Chamomile Extract on Biochemical and Clinical Parameters in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction. Presently, little is known about the primary factors that initiate PCOS. Chamomile flowers are used in alternative medicine for its anti-spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory effects. Antispasmodic properties of chamomile ease menstrual cramps and lessen the possibility of premature labor. This medicinal herb also stimulates menstruation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Chamomile alcoholic-extract on the biochemical and clinical parameters in a rat model of PCOS. Materials and Methods Estrous cyclicity of 30 virgin adult cycling rats was monitored by vaginal smears obtained between 0800 and 1200 hours. After about 4 days, each rat received an i.m. injection of Estradiol Valerate (Aburaihan Co., Iran), 2 mg in 0.2 ml of corn oil, to induce PCO. Corn oil was injected to the rats in the control group. All the rats in the experimental group were evaluated for follicular cysts 60 days after the injection. Rats with PCOS were treated by multiple doses (25, 50, 75 mg/kg) of intraperitoneal injections of Chamomile alcoholic-extract for ten days. The data were statistically analyzed at a significance level of p<0.05 by ANOVA, followed by the Student Newman-Keuls post hoc test. Results The histological and hormonal results showed that Chamomile can decrease the signs of PCOS in the ovarian tissue and help LH secretion in rats (p<0.05). Conclusion The alcoholic-extract of dried Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers can not only induce recovery from a PCO induced state in rats, but also increase dominant follicles. Additionally better endometrial tissue arrangements can be regarded as another therapeutic effect of Chamomile.
Zafari Zangeneh, Farideh; Minaee, Bagher; Amirzargar, Ashraf; Ahangarpour, Akram; Mousavizadeh, Kazem
Comparison of sensory, microbiological, and biochemical parameters of microwave versus indirect UHT fluid skim milk during storage.
Shelf-stable milk could benefit from sensory quality improvement. Current methods of heating cause flavor and nutrient degradation through exposure to overheated thermal exchange surfaces. Rapid heating with microwaves followed by sudden cooling could reduce or eliminate this problem. The objectives for this study were focused on designing and implementing continuous microwave thermal processing of skim fluid milks (white and chocolate) to compare sensory, microbiological, and biochemical parameters with conventionally prepared, indirect UHT milks. All test products were aseptically packaged and stored at ambient temperature for 12 mo. Every 3 mo, samples were taken for microbiological testing, reactive sulfhydryl determinations, active enzyme analysis, instrumental viscosity readings, color measurements, and descriptive sensory evaluation. Microbiological plate counts were negative on all milks at each time point. Enzymatic assays showed that plasmin was inactivated by both heat treatments. 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) analysis, a measure of reactive sulfhydryl (-SH-) groups, showed that the initial thiol content was not significantly different between the microwave-processed and UHT-treated milks. However, both heating methods resulted in an increased thiol level compared with conventionally pasteurized milk samples due to the higher temperatures attained. Sulfhydryl oxidase, a milk enzyme that catalyzes disulfide bond formation using a variety of protein substrates, retained activity following microwave processing, and decreased during storage. Viscosity values were essentially equivalent in microwave- and UHT-heated white skim milks. Sensory analyses established that UHT-treated milks were visibly darker, and exhibited higher caramelized and stale/fatty flavors with increased astringency compared with the microwave samples. Sweet aromatic flavor and sweet taste decreased during storage in both UHT and microwave milk products, whereas stale/fatty flavors increased over time. Sensory effects were more apparent in white milks than in chocolate varieties. These studies suggest that microwave technology may provide a useful alternative processing method for delivery of aseptic milk products that retain a long shelf life. PMID:16291608
Clare, D A; Bang, W S; Cartwright, G; Drake, M A; Coronel, P; Simunovic, J
The role of blood tumor marker measurement (using a biochemical index score and c-erbB2) in directing chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.
The role of blood tumor markers in monitoring response in advanced breast cancer is established in endocrine therapy and standard chemotherapy. This study examines marker levels in patients receiving new chemotherapy regimens. Thirty patients were recruited into two multicenter trials in which docetaxel-based regimens were used in 15 patients. The other 15 received doxorubicin-based regimens. Biochemical response calculated from a score using CA15.3, CEA and ESR was compared with UICC response. Marker changes at 2, 4 and 5 months correlated with UICC response at 3, 4(1/2) and 6 months, respectively (p < 0.03). Eleven patients achieved both clinical/radiological and biochemical response at the end of treatment; markers had not yet returned to below cutoffs in seven, suggesting a possible advantage to continue chemotherapy. No patient showed a biochemical response whilst judged clinically/radiologically progressive. Nineteen patients had progressed either clinically/radiologically or biochemically at six months; of these, eight showed progression assessed earlier by markers so that a median of four cycles of chemotherapy could have been saved. Measurements of serum c-erbB2 showed a correlation with tissue c-erbB2 staining in the primary tumor (p < 0.003). Among the patients with positive tissue staining, sequential changes in serum c-erbB2 completely paralleled initial response. PMID:11012094
Cheung, K L; Pinder, S E; Paish, C; Sadozye, A H; Chan, S Y; Evans, A J; Blamey, R W; Robertson, J F
Baseline blood trihalomethanes, semen parameters and serum total testosterone: a cross-sectional study in China.
Toxicological studies showed that trihalomethanes (THMs), the most abundant classes of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water, impaired male reproductive health, but epidemiological evidence is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the associations of baseline blood THMs with semen parameters and serum total testosterone in a Chinese population. We recruited 401 men seeking semen examination from the Reproductive Center of Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China between April 2011 and May 2012. Baseline blood concentrations of THMs, including chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM) were measured using SPME-GC/ECD method. Semen quality and serum total testosterone were analyzed. Multivariable linear regressions were used to assess the associations of baseline blood THM concentrations with semen parameters and serum total testosterone levels. We found that baseline blood THM concentrations were not associated with decrements in sperm motility, sperm straight-line and curvilinear velocity. However, moderate levels of BDCM (?=-0.13 million; 95% CI: -0.22, -0.03) and DBCM (?=-4.74%; 95% CI: -8.07, -1.42) were associated with decreased sperm count and declined sperm linearity compared with low levels, respectively. Suggestive dose-response relationships were also observed between elevated blood TCM or ? THMs (sum of TCM, BDCM, DBCM and TBM) concentration and decreased sperm concentration (both p for trend=0.07), and between elevated blood DBCM concentration and decreased serum total testosterone (p for trend=0.07). Our results indicate that elevated THM exposure may lead to decreased sperm concentration and serum total testosterone. However, the effects of THM exposure on male reproductive health still warrant further studies in humans. PMID:23454109
Zeng, Qiang; Li, Min; Xie, Shao-Hua; Gu, Long-Jie; Yue, Jing; Cao, Wen-Cheng; Zheng, Dan; Liu, Ai-Lin; Li, Yu-Feng; Lu, Wen-Qing
Photoacoustic and photothermal cytometry for monitoring multiple blood rheology parameters in vivo
Alterations of blood rheology (hemorheology) are important for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of many diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, sickle cell anemia, thromboembolism, trauma, inflammation, and malignancy. However, real-time in vivo monitoring of hemorheological status using multiple parameters over long periods of time has not been reported. Here we describe the capability of label-free photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) flow cytometry in detection and imaging modes for dynamic monitoring of rheological parameters in circulating blood. We show that this integrated platform can simultaneously measure the main rheological parameters and may improve their diagnostic value. Using phenomenological approaches, we analyze correlations of PT and PA signal characteristics in the dynamic modes with red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, deformability, shape (e.g., as in sickle cells), intracellular hemoglobin distribution, individual cell velocity, flux of RBCs, and likely shear rate. Proof of concept is demonstrated in ex vivo and in vivo tests, including high-speed PT imaging of RBC shape in pathological conditions and identification of sickle cells in a mouse model of human sickle cell disease. These studies revealed the potential of this new platform integrating PT, PA, and conventional optical techniques for translation to use in humans using safe, portable, laser-based medical devices for point-of-care screening of disease progression and therapy efficiency.
Galanzha, Ekaterina I.; Zharov, Vladimir P.
Blood flow parameters of the superior mesenteric artery as an early predictor of intestinal dysmotility in preterm infants
BackgroundBlood flow parameters in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) change with vasoconstriction or vasodilatation of the intestinal vascular bed. In cases of severe growth retardation as a result of haemodynamic disturbances, the blood flow changes persist into postnatal life.ObjectiveTo assess early changes of Doppler sonographic blood flow parameters in the SMA for prediction of later intestinal motility disturbances in preterm
Eva Robel-Tillig; Matthias Knüpfer; Ferdinand Pulzer; Christoph Vogtmann
Impact of feeding on growth performance, blood biochemical and mineral profiles of pre-pubescent camels under pastoral management in arid western Rajasthan.
The experiment was undertaken on 20 pre-pubescent dromedary camels of 300?±?7.0 kg average bodyweight (BW) and 1.5-2 years of age to determine change in body weight, blood biochemical and mineral profiles and morphometric parameters on rangeland grazing (GR) and supplementary stall feeding (GS) at arid northwestern part of Rajasthan over a period of 80 days. GR camels were maintained only on grazing, while GS camels were fed semi-intensively ad-lib groundnut haulms along with formulated concentrate and mineral mixture to meet maintenance requirement. Intake of young camels was determined using chromium(III) oxide as internal marker. The biomass yield of rangeland estimated was 0.54 t DM/ha. Dry matter intake (kg/day) by GR camels on rangeland grazing was lower than that by GS camels fed on supplementary feeding. The nutrient digestibility of dry matter and organic matter (P?0.05) and crude protein was higher in GS camels than that in GR camels. Likewise, intake of digestible crude protein (P?0.05) and metabolizable energy were higher in stall-fed young camels. Pre-pubescent camels fed on grazing had significantly (P?0.01) low glucose and higher urea concentration compared to stall-fed camels. Final body weight of camels differed significantly (P?0.05) between groups. The camels fed on supplementary stall feeding had significantly (P?0.01) higher total gain (kg) and average daily gain (ADG) compared to camels on grazing. Among morphometric parameters, body length and body height showed more significant increase in GS compared to GR camels. Intake of digestible crude protein (DCP) by GR group was 43 % low compared to the requirement for growing camel of 300 kg body weight. Despite this, GR camels were able to maintain body weight due to better recycling of urea which was significantly higher in comparison to GS camels. The findings of significantly (P?0.01) low serum glucose and higher urea concentration and lower body weight gain of GR camels suggest the need of locally available protein and energy supplement in addition to grazing for better growth performance. PMID:24811371
Saini, Nirmala; Kiradoo, Baldev Dass; Bohra, Dau Lal
... solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs. White blood cells fight infection and are part of your body's ...
Evaluation of Malnutrition and Its Association With Biochemical Parameters in Patients With End Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis Using Subjective Global Assessment
Background: Malnutrition is a common problem in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis that increases morbidity and mortality rate in them. Subjective global assessment (SGA) is a tool used by health care providers to assess nutritional status in these patients. In addition, biochemical parameters are used to assess the nutritional status in all people. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the nutritional status of patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis using SGA and assessed probable association between biochemical parameters and malnutrition in this population. Patients and Methods: Using SGA, the nutritional status of 105 patients (60 males and 45 females) of two dialysis centers in Sari, Iran, was evaluated during years 2007-2008. It is a semiquantitative scoring system that has seven variables derived from medical history and physical examination. The biochemical parameters including hemoglobin, albumin, cholesterol, BUN, and creatinine were also measured. Results: Among 105 patients, 98 (93.33%) patients consisted of 56 males and 42 females had mild to moderate malnutrition and 3 (2.86%) women had severe malnutrition. In addition, all of the patients without malnutrition were men. We found significant association between patient's sex and the SGA score (P = 0.03) but no significant association was seen between age and duration of hemodialysis with SGA score. In addition, we did not find significant association between the measured biochemical parameters and malnutrition. Conclusions: According to high prevalence of malnutrition in our patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis, periodic assessment of nutritional status is necessary in them. Meanwhile we found SGA as the best tool to assess nutritional status in patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis, because it can recognize various degrees of malnutrition that may remain undetected by a single laboratory assessment.
Espahbodi, Fatemeh; Khoddad, Talayeh; Esmaeili, Leila
Comparison of hematologic, biochemical, and coagulation parameters in ?1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pigs, wild-type pigs, and 4 primate species
Background The increasing availability of genetically-engineered pigs is steadily improving the results of pig organ and cell transplantation in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Current techniques offer knock-out of pig genes and/or knock-in of human genes. Knowledge of normal values of hematologic, biochemical, coagulation, and other parameters in healthy genetically-engineered pigs and NHPs is important, particularly following pig organ transplantation in NHPs. Furthermore, information on parameters in various NHP species may prove important in selecting the optimal NHP model for specific studies. Methods We have collected hematologic, biochemical, and coagulation data on 71 ?1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GTKO) pigs, 18 GTKO pigs additionally transgenic for human CD46 (GTKO.hCD46), 4 GTKO.hCD46 pigs additionally transgenic for human CD55 (GTKO.hCD46.hCD55), and 2 GTKO.hCD46 pigs additionally transgenic for human thrombomodulin (GTKO.hCD46.hTBM). Results We report these data and compare them with similar data from wild-type pigs, and the 3 major NHP species commonly used in biomedical research (baboons, cynomolgus, and rhesus monkeys) and humans, largely from previously published reports. Conclusions Genetic modification of the pig (e.g., deletion of the Gal antigen and/or the addition of a human transgene) (i) does not result in abnormalities in hematologic, biochemical, or coagulation parameters that might impact animal welfare, (ii) seems not to alter metabolic function of vital organs, though this needs to be confirmed after their xenotransplantation, and (iii) possibly (though by no means certainly) modifies the hematologic, biochemical, and coagulation parameters closer to human values. The present study may provide a good reference for those working with genetically-engineered pigs in xenotransplantation research and eventually in clinical xenotransplantation.
Ekser, Burcin; Bianchi, John; Ball, Suyapa; Iwase, Hayato; Walters, Anneke; Ezzelarab, Mohamed; Veroux, Massimiliano; Gridelli, Bruno; Wagner, Robert; Ayares, David; Cooper, David K.C.
The Effect of Dietary Selenium and Vitamin E on Biochemical Parameters and Survival of Young Among White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)1
Thirty-two adult female white-tailed deer were assigned to four complete pelleted diets (±45ppm vitamin E; ±0.2ppm selenium). Selenium and vitamin E concentration in the unsupplemented diet was 0.04 and 5.5 ppm, respectively. Biochemical parameters of the erythrocyte ( RBC ) glutathione peroxidase system and survival of off-spring to wean ing were followed for 2 years. At the end of the
Dosimetric parameters as predictive factors for biochemical control in patients with higher risk prostate cancer treated with Pd-103 and supplemental beam radiation
Purpose: To analyze the role of dosimetric quality parameters in maximizing cancer eradication in higher risk prostate cancer patients treated with palladium (Pd)-103 and supplemental beam radiation. Methods: One-hundred-seventy-nine patients treated with Pd-103 and supplemental beam radiation, with minimum 2 years follow-up prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values and posttreatment computed tomography scans were analyzed. Dosimetric parameters included the V100 (percent of the postimplant volume covered by the prescription dose), the D90 (the minimum dose that covered 90% of the post implant volume), and the treatment margins (the radial distance between the prostatic edge and the prescription isodose). Treatment margins (TMs) were calculated using premarket software. Results: Freedom from biochemical failure was 79% at 3 years, with 92 of the 179 patients (51%) followed beyond 3 years. In comparing patients who did or did not achieve biochemical control, the most striking differences were in biologic factors of pretreatment PSA and Gleason score. The V100, D90, and average TM all showed nonsignificant trends to higher values in patients with biochemical control. In multivariate analysis of each of the three dosimetric parameters against PSA and Gleason score, TM showed the strongest correlation with biochemical control (p = 0.19). Conclusions: For patients with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer treated with Pd-103 brachytherapy and external beam radiation, biologic factors (PSA and Gleason score) were the most important determinants of cancer eradication. However, there is a trend to better outcomes among patients with higher quality implant parameters, suggesting that attention to implant quality will maximize the likelihood of cure.
Orio, Peter [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Radiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA (United States); Wallner, Kent [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States) and Radiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA (United States) and Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (United States)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Merrick, Gregory [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV (United States); Herstein, Andrew [Radiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA (United States); Mitsuyama, Paul [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Radiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA (United States); Thornton, Ken [Varian Medical Systems, Charlottesville, VA (United States); Butler, Wayne [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV (United States); Sutlief, Steven [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Radiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA (United States)
Serum proteins and some biochemical parameters in broiler chickens fed with raw and treated bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) seeds.
This study carried out to evaluate the effect of bitter vetch seeds on serum proteins and biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 1320 one-day-old broiler chicks of a commercial breed were placed in 64 pens. Treatments were included raw and four different processed bitter vetch seeds in three levels (150, 300 and 450 g kg(-1)) and a corn-soybean based diet as control. Each treatment group consisted of four replicates. Processing methods were included soaked in water for 12 h, autoclaved, then dried at room temperature (SAD); ground, soaked in water for 24 h, autoclaved and dried (GSAD); ground, soaked in water for 47 h with exchange water every 12 h, cooked and dried (GSCD) and ground, soaked at 1% acetic acid solution for 24 h at 60 degrees C (AA). Feeding raw, AA and GSAD seeds decreased serum albumin significantly (p<0.05) in 21-days-old chicks. Chickens that fed with raw and treated bitter vetch seed had lower alpha 1 and gamma globulins than control (p<0.05). Increasing raw and treated bitter vetch seeds from 15 to 30 and 45% decreased albumin, alpha 1 and gamma globulins and increased alpha 2 and beta globulins significantly (p<0.05). In 14-days-old chicks feeding raw and treated biter vetch had no effect on serum urea, but uric acid concentration decreased significantly (p<0.05). Feeding SAD seeds increased serum urea significantly (p<0.05), but uric acid concentration did not change with feeding raw and treated bitter vetch seeds in 42-day-old chicks. Adding raw and treated bitter vetch seeds to diet increased T4 and decreased T3 concentrations in all ages. At 28-days-old chicks, feeding raw and treated biter vetch seeds decreased alkaline phosphatase concentration significantly than control. Results showed that raw bitter vetch seeds have some toxic effects on metabolism in broiler chickens and GSCD and SAD treatments were more effective to detoxification of this seed. PMID:19069902
Sadeghi, Gh; Pourreza, J
Key parameters in blood-surface interactions of 3D bioinspired ceramic materials.
Direct contact of materials with blood components may trigger numerous processes which ultimately lead to hemolysis, clot formation and recruitment of inflammatory cells. In this study, the blood-surface interactions for two inert bioinspired ceramic scaffolds obtained from natural resources; biomorphic carbon and silicon carbides (bioSiC) from different origins have been studied. The response of the blood in contact with carbon is well known, however little has been identified on the influence of their 3D porous structure. Moreover, to our knowledge, there is no reference in the literature about the hemocompatibility of biomorphic silicon carbide as a porous scaffold. The experimental results showed the surface energy to be crucial to evaluate the hemocompatibility of a material however the surface topography and material porosity are also parameters to be considered. Surface roughness modifies clot formation whereas for protein adsorption total sample porosity seems to be the key parameter to be considered for hydrophilic materials (biomorphic silicon carbides), while the size of the pores determines the hemolytic response. PMID:24907756
Díaz-Rodríguez, P; González, P; Serra, J; Landin, M
Noninvasive measurement of postocclusive parameters in human forearm blood by near infrared spectroscopy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Near infrared (NIR) light in the wavelength range from 700 to 900 nm can pass through skin, bone and other tissues relatively easily. As a result, NIR techniques allow a noninvasive assessment of hemoglobin saturation for a wide range of applications, such as in the study of muscle metabolism, the diagnosis of vascular disorders, brain imaging, and breast cancer detection. Near infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is an effective tool to measure the hemoglobin concentration in the tissues, which can discriminate optically the oxy- and deoxy- hemoglobin species because of their different near-infrared absorption spectra. We have developed an NIRS probe consisting of a laser diode of 830 nm wavelength and a PIN photodiode in reflectance mode. We have selected a set of healthy volunteers (mean age 30, range 26-40 years) for the study. The probe is placed on forearm of each subject and the backscattered light intensity is measured by occluding the blood flow at 210, 110 and 85 mmHg pressures. Recovery time, peak time and time after 50% release of the cuff pressure are determined from the optical densities during the post occlusive state of forearm. These parameters are useful for determining the transient increase in blood flow after the release of blood occlusion. Clinically, the functional aspects of blood flow in the limbs could be evaluated noninvasively by NIRS.
Rao, K. Prahlad; Radhakrishnan, S.; Reddy, M. Ramasubba
Evaluation of live microalgal diets for the seed culture of Ruditapes decussatus using physiological and biochemical parameters
The nutritional quality of several microalgal diets used in the seed culture of the little-neck clam, Ruditapes decussatus, was evaluated in the present study. The live diets tested were Isochrysis galbana, clone T-ISO, Tetraselmis suecica and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Criteria used in the evaluation of the diets were acceptability, digestibility, growth and biochemical composition. The highest growth rate was registered in
Marina Albentosa; Alejandro Pérez-Camacho; Uxio Labarta; María José Fernández-Reiriz
[Influence of treatment with olmesartan on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters in patients with arterial hypertension].
Hypertension is the most common disease of the cardiovascular system. Active treatment of hypertension with adequate control of blood pressure (BP) can prevent complications, improve life quality and increase life expectancy. One of the interesting new antihypertensive agents, from the group of angiotensin receptor blockers is olmesartan. The obvious advantages of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to traditional one-time measurements of BP make this method perspective for quality control of anti-hypertensive therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of treatment with olmesartan on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters in patients with hypertension. 38 out-patients with hypertension at the age of 25-84 years (mean 55,3±10,6) were studied. Patients received olmesartan 20 mg daily as monotherapy (20 patients (52,6%)) or in combination with other antihypertensive agents (18 patients (47,4%)). Treatment continued for 6 months. The complex examination included: measurement of office brachial BP, electrocardiography, echocardiography and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). As a result of treatment, office BP and diurnal BP, according to ABPM, significantly decreased; the favorable circadian BP profile dynamics were found: significantly less frequently observed lack of reduction in BP during night (daily index - non-dipper) - 18% vs. 64% (p <0,001), while the number of individuals with normal daily index (dipper) increased significantly - 76% vs. 28% (p <0,001). Also there was determined the significant reduction in daytime and nighttime systolic BP variability - by 1.5 mmHg and 2.1 mmHg, respectively, with the normalization of these parameters at the end of the observation period. The presented results allow conclude, that treatment of hypertensive patients with olmesartan provides significant decline not only in office BP, but also in diurnal BP, normalizes BP of active and passive periods, also - daily index and reduces BP variability. PMID:24423678
Biochemical Changes in Humans Upon Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide While at Rest.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The biochemical response to controlled exposures of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was studied in 19 human subjects exposed to 0.2 ppm NO2 for 2 hr and compared to 15 control subjects exposed to filtered air for 2 hr. Seven biochemical blood parameters, including...
S. Chaney W. Blomquist P. DeWitt K. Muller
Solidifying agent and processing of blood used for the larval diet affect screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) life-history parameters.
Spray-dried whole bovine blood and a sodium polyacrylate polymer gel as a bulking and solidifying agent are among the constituents of the current larval diet for mass rearing screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Locally available, inexpensive dietary materials could reduce rearing cost and address an uncertain commercial supply of spray-dried blood. We compared efficacy of diet prepared from fresh bovine blood after decoagulation with sodium citrate or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or after mechanical defibrination, with the diet containing spray-dried blood using either gel or cellulose fiber as the bulking and solidifying agent. Several life-history parameters were compared among insects reared on each of the blood and bulking agent diets combination. Diets containing citrated blood yielded the lightest larval and pupal weights and fewest pupae. EDTA-treated blood with the gel also caused reductions. EDTA-treated blood with fiber yielded screwworms that were heavier and more numerous than those from the diet with citrated blood but lighter than those from the control diet using spray-dried blood. A reduction in percentage of adults emerging from pupae occurred from diets with both bulking agents using citrated blood and the diet using EDTA mixed with the gel bulking agent. As a group, the cellulose-fiber diets performed better than the gel diets. Larval diet did not affect adult longevity, weight of the eggs deposited by the females that emerged or subsequent egg hatch. Parameter measurements of insects from both defibrinated blood diets were similar to those from the spray-dried blood diets, indicating that fresh, defibrinated bovine blood can successfully replace the dry blood in the screwworm rearing medium. PMID:21735935
Chaudhury, M F; Skoda, S R; Sagel, A
Effect of copper deficiency on blood lipid profile and haematological parameters in broilers.
The aim of the study was to observe the changes in haematological parameters and blood lipid profile through copper (Cu) deficiency. Eighty broiler chicks were used in the study. The chicks were separated into two equal groups (n = 40), feed treatment according to the groups started on day 7. The animals in the control group were fed with normal feed. Those in the Cu-deficient group were fed with feed that did not contain supplemental Cu. Blood samples were taken from all the animals on days 7, 21 and 49. Fibrinogen and prothrombin time were assayed in plasma; total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), triglyceride and ceruloplasmin were assayed in sera; and haematocrit and thrombocyte levels were assayed in the blood samples. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the Cu-deficient group than in the control group. Serum ceruloplasmin levels were lower in the Cu-deficient group than in the control group. Prothrombin time was higher in the Cu-deficient group than in the control group. Haematocrit levels were lower in the Cu-deficient group than in the control group. It was concluded that Cu deficiency created hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, insufficient growth and anaemia in broilers. PMID:16970628
Kaya, A; Altiner, A; Ozpinar, A
Optimum blood sampling time windows for parameter estimation in population pharmacokinetic experiments.
Clinical trials requiring the collection of pharmacokinetic information often specify blood samples to be taken at fixed times. This may be feasible when trial participants are in a controlled environment such as in early phase clinical trials, however it becomes problematic in trials where patients are in an out-patient clinic setting such as in late phase drug development. In such a situation it is common to take blood samples when it is convenient for all involved and may result in data that are uninformative. This paper proposes an approach to pharmacokinetic study design that allows greater flexibility as to when blood samples can be taken and still result in data that allows satisfactory parameter estimation. The sampling window approach proposed in this paper is based on determining time intervals around the D-optimum pharmacokinetic sampling times. These intervals are determined by allowing the sampling window design to result in a specified level of efficiency when compared to the fixed times D-optimum design. Several approaches are suggested for dealing with this design problem. PMID:16463254
Graham, Gordon; Aarons, Leon
The prevention of ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative damage by venous blood in rabbit kidneys monitored with biochemical, histopatological and immunohistochemical analysis.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of venous blood on ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative DNA damage and mutation in rabbit kidneys in comparison to melatonin treatment, which has a known protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. The rabbits were divided into five groups: renal ischemia (RI), renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR), renal ischemia-venous blood-reperfusion (RIVR), melatonin + renal ischemia-reperfusion (MRIR), and the healthy sham control group (HG). Melatonin (2.5 mg/kg delivered intraperitoneally) was administered one hour prior to ischemia. In the RIVR group, 1 ml of venous blood was administered 5 minutes before the reperfusion. The xanthine oxidase activity in the kidney tissue was determined as 53.50 ± 1.72, 31.00 ± 6.39, 45.66 ± 9.20, 28.66 ± 6.05 and 14.33 ± 1.28 U/g protein; the MDA levels were 6.32 ± 0.02, 19.50 ± 1.33, 7.00 ± 0.96, 7.50 ± 0.76 and 4.75 ± 0.34 mmol/g protein; and the GSH levels were 4.50 ± 1.08, 2.76 ± 0.13, 5.48 ± 0.22, 4.93 ± 0.55 and 6.98 ± 0.33 nmol/g protein in the RI, RIR, RIVR, MRIR and HG groups, respectively. Blood, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were classified as high only in the RIR group. The MRIR and RIVR groups, in which oxidative stress was best suppressed, had much milder histopathological and immunohistochemical findings compared to the RIR group. This study has revealed that it is useful to initiate reperfusion of the ischemic tissue with venous blood. PMID:24930510
Cetin, N; Suleyman, H; Sener, E; Demirci, E; Gundogdu, C; Akcay, F
Application of the laser Doppler flowmeter for measurement of blood pressure and functional parameters of microcirculation.
The laser Doppler flowmeter has become an effective tool for the clinical study of microcirculation with non-invasive measurements and excellent velocity resolution. Microcirculation flow measurements cannot be used as reference criteria for circulation function. Thus, the relative change in fingertip microcirculation was measured through inflation and deflation of an automatic sphygmomanometer wrapped around the arm, and the blood pressure and functional parameters of circulation, such as biological zero (BZ), peak flow (PF) and time to peak flow (tp), were determined. For 50 healthy participants, the correlation coefficients for the laser Doppler flowmeter and oscillometric results were 0.950 and 0.838 for systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively. The mean and standard errors for both methods fell within the range specified in the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standards. The BZ of an edema patient was about 5 times higher than normal. For patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), the PF could not be determined, and the tp was about twice the normal value. The accuracy of blood pressure measurements using the laser Doppler flowmeter was comparable to that of the commonly used oscillometric sphygmomanometer, and the physiological circulation functional parameters were useful in identifying signs of edema and PAOD. PMID:23114464
Hu, Chang-Lin; Lin, Zhan-Sheng; Chen, Yen-Yu; Lin, Yuan-Hsiang; Lai, Mei-Feng; Li, Meng-Lin
Effect of parameter variations on the hemodynamic response under rotary blood pump assistance.
Numerical models, able to simulate the response of the human cardiovascular system (CVS) in the presence of an implantable rotary blood pump (IRBP), have been widely used as a predictive tool to investigate the interaction between the CVS and the IRBP under various operating conditions. The present study investigates the effect of alterations in the model parameter values, that is, cardiac contractility, systemic vascular resistance, and total blood volume on the efficiency of rotary pump assistance, using an optimized dynamic heart-pump interaction model previously developed in our laboratory based on animal experimental measurements obtained from five canines. The effect of mean pump speed and the circulatory perturbations on left and right ventricular pressure volume loops, mean aortic pressure, mean cardiac output, pump assistance ratio, and pump flow pulsatility from both the greyhound experiments and model simulations are demonstrated. Furthermore, the applicability of some of the previously proposed control parameters, that is, pulsatility index (PI), gradient of PI with respect to pump speed, pump differential pressure, and aortic pressure are discussed based on our observations from experimental and simulation results. It was found that previously proposed control strategies were not able to perform well under highly varying circulatory conditions. Among these, control algorithms which rely on the left ventricular filling pressure appear to be the most robust as they emulate the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart. PMID:22489771
Lim, Einly; Dokos, Socrates; Salamonsen, Robert F; Rosenfeldt, Franklin L; Ayre, Peter J; Lovell, Nigel H
Association of blood lead to blood pressure in men aged 55 to 75 years: effect of selected social and biochemical confounders. NFR Study Group.
The association of blood lead (B-Pb) concentration to blood pressure was investigated in men aged 55 to 75 years living in the Rome area, who had no history of exposure to lead in the workplace and who participated between 1989 and 1990 in an epidemiologic survey for coronary heart disease (New Risk Factor Project). Of the 1856 individuals eligible for the study, 59 were excluded from analyses because not all relevant data were available; and 478 were excluded because they were treated for hypertension. In the remaining subjects (n = 1319) the median B-Pb concentration was 113 micrograms/l (range: 40-442 micrograms/l). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) averaged 140 +/- 18 (standard deviation) mm Hg (range 98-220) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 84 +/- 9 mm Hg (range 56-118). Median B-Pb values increased significantly from 111 micrograms/l in subjects with normal blood pressure (n = 668) to 113.5 micrograms/l in subjects with borderline high blood pressure (n = 373) and to 120 micrograms/l in subjects with increased blood pressure (n = 278). After log-normal conversion of B-Pb, the linear correlation coefficient between In[B-Pb(ug/l)] and both SBP and DBP was statistically significant (r = 0.1332, p < 0.001 and r = 0.0737, p = 0.007, respectively). The linear regression coefficient was 6.8 mm Hg/In(micrograms/l) for SBP and 1.8 mm Hg/In(microgram/l) for DBP. Multiple regression analyses revealed that, after correction for body mass index (BMI), age, heart rate, skinfold thickness, serum lipids, and glucose levels; blood lead was still a significant predictor of increased SBP and DBP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Menditto, A; Morisi, G; Spagnolo, A; Menotti, A
Demonstration of compatibility of multiple arterial blood gas syringes with current multi-parameter analyzers.
Abstract Objective: Since there is a lack of current evidence to support the compatibility of the most commonly used arterial blood gas syringes with the latest multi-parameter analyzers, the objective of this study was to assess the agreement of analyte values between three heparinized arterial blood gas syringes using three different analyzers. Methods: Venous blood from 25 healthy volunteers was drawn into the study syringes (BD Drihep A-Line * , PICO50, and Portex Line Draw Plus (†) ) by four clinician volunteers in a random order (441 total) and immediately (<15 minutes) analyzed (ABL800 FLEX, RAPIDPoint 500 (‡) , i-STAT System (§) ) in a randomized order. The Bland-Altman method was used to assess agreement of analyte values between the syringes for each analyzer. The results by analyte and analyzer were compared across syringes using one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's approach was used to identify statistically significant differences between pairs of syringes. Results: Comparison of the syringes' mean differences and standard deviations showed close agreement for all three analyzers. There were no statistically significant differences between syringes in 14 of the analytes for any of the analyzers (p?>?0.05). For RAPIDPoint and i-STAT, the Ca(2+) value was significantly less for A-Line than for the other syringes. The value for Na(+) was significantly greater for the PICO50 than the A-Line and Line Draw syringes with the i-STAT. Both results were within two standard deviations of the mean of the other two syringes and are not considered clinically significant; however, comparisons were not made between the values from the different analyzers. Conclusions: Dry-balanced lithium heparin ABG syringes used for blood draws should provide reliable results, regardless of syringe type, provided that the clinicians use proper pre-analytical techniques. PMID:24628565
Seiberlich, Laura E; Cifaldi, Lisa M
The Effect of Nap-of-the-Earth (NOE) Helicopter Flying on Pilot Blood and Urine Biochemicals.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Selected blood and urine chemistries were compared in helicopter pilots flying alternately nap-of-the-earth (NOE) and routine flight profiles. The NOE flights resulted in significantly higher urinary catecholamine excretion (P less than .05), serum uric a...
D. B. Anderson R. J. McNeil M. L. Pitts D. A. Perez-Poveda
Effect of concentrate level on feeding behavior and rumen and blood parameters in dairy goats: Relationships between behavioral and physiological parameters and effect of between-animal variability.
This work aimed first to compare 2 diets differing in their percentage of concentrate [low (LO): 30% concentrate vs. High (HI): 60% concentrate] by measuring simultaneously feeding behavior, rumen parameters, blood and plasma parameters, and milk yield and composition in 8 mid-lactation goats. The second aim was to study the interrelationships between these variables and to analyze the between-animal variability to better understand the between-animal differences in acidosis susceptibility. All of the animals received the 2 diets ad libitum as total mixed ration according to a crossover design of two 4-wk periods. Mean daily DMI was similar between the 2 diets but the variability was higher for the HI than for the LO diet. Goats produced more milk when fed the HI diet compared with the LO diet but with a lower fat:protein ratio (0.81 vs. 0.99). They ate more rapidly the HI than the LO diet but stopped eating sooner after the afternoon feed allowance, and spent less time chewing. The increase in concentrate percentage modified rumen parameters: the pH and acetate:propionate ratio decreased and total VFA, ammonia, and soluble carbohydrate concentrations increased. Hematocrit, plasma NEFA, and blood K and Ca concentrations decreased but glycemia and uremia increased. Other parameters were not modified: milk fat content, blood pH, and bicarbonate and Na concentrations. A large between-animal variability was detected for all the measured parameters, especially for feeding behavior, with important consequences on rumen and blood parameters. This work confirmed the effects of a high percentage of concentrate on feeding behavior, rumen and blood parameters, and milk production, and some known relationships such as the positive link between rumen pH and chewing index. It also pointed out other relationships between parameters seldom measured at the same time, such as rumen redox potential or blood pH and chewing index, or the negative link between blood and rumen pH. When the animals spent a lot of time chewing, they probably produced a lot of saliva that buffered the rumen pH and prevented them from suffering from subacute ruminal acidosis. However, they used part of their blood bicarbonates reserve, which might have induced metabolic acidosis, as rumen and blood pH were inversely related. This could explain why some animals suffer from acidosis and others do not in a herd receiving the same diet, and why some animals seem to suffer more from subacute ruminal acidosis and others from metabolic acidosis. PMID:24952476
Giger-Reverdin, S; Rigalma, K; Desnoyers, M; Sauvant, D; Duvaux-Ponter, C
Comparison of the metabolic parameters and androgen level of umbilical cord blood in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls
Background: This study aimed to assess the metabolic parameters and androgen concentration in the cord blood of newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in comparison with controls. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010-2011 in Isfahan, Iran. Biochemical tests were conducted on 40 infants, born from singleton pregnancies in women with PCOS and an equal number of controls. Results: The mean weight gain during pregnancy was higher in women with PCOS than in controls (16.02 ± 4.39 vs. 9.10 ± 2.20 kg, respectively, P < 0.0001). The mean birth weight was lower in newborns of mothers with PCOS than in controls (2905.25 ± 415.59 vs. 3223.25 ± 425.02 vs. grams, respectively, P = 0.001). The mean testosterone was higher in cord blood of newborns of PCOS women than in controls (5.58 ± 3.20 vs. 2.28 ± 0.62 pg/ml, P < 0.0001). Triglycerides and LDL-C were lower in cord blood of newborns, born from PCOS women than in controls (P = 0.001). The birth weight of the newborns of PCOS mothers was negatively correlated to free testosterone of cord blood (R = -0. 26, P = 0.04). Conclusion: The metabolic aberration in PCOS might influence fetal birth weight and cord blood lipid profile. These disorders may be caused by an exposure to elevated testosterone level during fetal life. The offspring of PCOS women may be at higher risk for chronic diseases in later life. The clinical impact of our findings should be confirmed in future longitudinal studies.
Mehrabian, Ferdous; Kelishadi, Roya
Sickle cell disease and TCD imaging: inter-hemispheric differences in blood flow Doppler parameters
Purpose To establish reference values of inter-hemispheric differences and ratios of blood flow Doppler parameters in the terminal internal carotid artery (tICA), middle (MCA) and anterior (ACA) cerebral arteries in children with sickle cell anemia. Subjects and Methods Fifty seven out of 74 recruited children (mean age 7.8±3.4 years, 3-14 years), who were free of neurological deficits and intracranial narrowings detectable by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and had flow velocities below 170 cm/s by conventional transcranial Doppler ultrasound underwent transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography. Reference limits of flow parameters corrected and uncorrected for the angle of insonation were estimated using tolerance intervals, within which are included with probability of 0.90 all possible data values from 95% of a population. Results Reference limits for left-to-right differences in cm/s in the mean angle-corrected and uncorrected flow velocities were: ?56 to 53 and ?72 to 75 for MCA; ?49 to 57 and ?81 to 91 for ACA and ?55 to 64 and ?73 to 78 for tICA, respectively. Respective reference limits for left-to-right velocity ratios were: 0.31 to 1.84 and 0.38 to 1.75 for MCA; 0.48 to 2.99 and 0.46 to 2.89 for ACA, and 0.61 to 2.56 and 0.56 to 2.23 for tICA. Conclusions The study provides reference limits of inter-hemispheric differences and ratios of blood flow Doppler parameters that may be helpful in identification of intracranial arterial narrowings in children with sickle cell disease undergoing ultrasound screening for stroke prevention.
Krejza, Jaroslaw; Chen, Rong; Romanowicz, Grzegorz; Kwiatkowski, Janet L; Ichord, Rebecca; Arkuszewski, Michal; Zimmerman, Robert; Ohene-Frempong, Kwaku; Desiderio, Lisa; Melhem, Elias R
Effects of acrylamide on sperm parameters, chromatin quality, and the level of blood testosterone in mice
Background: Acrylamide (AA) is an important industrial chemical primarily. AA is also found in carbohydrate-rich foods that are prepared at high temperatures, such as French fries and potato chips. It is demonstrated that AA is a carcinogen and reproductive toxin and has ability to induce sperm damage. Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the effects of AA on sperm parameters and evaluation of sperm chromatin quality and testosterone hormone in mice. Materials and Methods: Totally, 16 adult male mice were divided into two groups. Mice of group A fed on basal diet; group B received basal diet and AA (10 mg/kg, water solution) for 35 days. The right cauda epididymis was incised and then placed in Ham's F10 culture media at 37oC for 15 min. Released spermatozoa were used to analyze count, motility, morphology and viability. To determine the sperm DNA integrity and chromatin condensation, the cytochemical techniques including Aniline blue, Acridine orange and Chromomycin A3 staining were used. Results: AA-treated mice had poor parameters in comparison with control animals. In sperm chromatin assessments, except TB (p=0.16), significant differences were found in all of the tests between two groups. It was also seen a significant decrease in concentration of blood testosterone in AA-treated animals when compared to controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to our results, AA can affect sperm parameters as well as sperm chromatin condensation and DNA integrity in mice. These abnormalities may be related to the reduction in blood testosterone.
Pourentezari, Majid; Talebi, Alireza; Abbasi, Abulghasem; Khalili, Mohammad Ali; Mangoli, Esmat; Anvari, Morteza
Complete blood count parameters for healthy, small-for-gestational-age, full-term newborns.
No previous study has investigated the full range of complete blood count (CBC) parameters in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns. The main aim of this study was to compare CBC and peripheral smear parameters in term, healthy SGA neonates and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) neonates, and to establish CBC reference values for full-term SGA newborns. One hundred thirty-two healthy, term newborns (73 SGA and 59 AGA) were included. On day 1, we obtained 109 samples and on day 7 we obtained 77 samples. A CBC and peripheral smear were analyzed for each sample collected and group data were compared. We observed higher mean values for normoblast count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell (RBC) count in the SGA babies than in the AGA babies on day 1. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values for the SGA babies were decreased because of the relatively high RBC count and relatively high mean corpuscular volume we observed in this group. Of the SGA newborns, 21.9% had neutropenia and 4.7% had absolute neutrophil counts lower than 1500/microl on day 1. On both day 1 and day 7, the SGA newborns had higher mean absolute metamyelocyte counts and higher mean I : T (immature : total neutrophil ratio) values than the AGA group. The SGA babies had a lower mean absolute lymphocyte count on day 7 than the AGA group. We detected thrombocytopenia in almost one-third of the 64 SGA newborns tested on day 1. In summary, our study clearly demonstrates that CBC parameters for healthy, full-term, SGA newborns are different from those of healthy, term AGA newborns. This is the first study that has documented different mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, metamyelocyte counts, lymphocyte counts, and I : T in SGA babies compared with AGA babies. PMID:16630213
Ozyürek, E; Cetinta?, S; Ceylan, T; O?ü?, E; Haberal, A; Gürakan, B; Ozbek, N
Effects of Replacement of Fish Meal by Soy Protein Isolate on the Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Serum Biochemical Parameters for Juvenile Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii)
An 8-wk experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with soy protein isolate (SPI) on the growth, digestive enzyme activity and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). SPI was used to replace 0, 25, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, 100% of dietary FM and 100% replacement supplemented crystalline amino acid. Healthy sturgeon with an average initial weight of 26.38±0.24 g were randomly assigned to 24 aquaria (8 treatments with triplicates each) at an initial stocking density of 11 fish per aquarium and cultured for 8 wks. The results showed that 75.00% or more substitution resulted in a poor weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and survival rate compared to that of fish fed the control diet (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between diets of 25.00% to 62.50% substitution. Protease, lipase and amylase activity in foregut, mid-gut and hindgut were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by diets where SPI replacement levels were 62.50% or more. Levels of serum total protein (TP) and globulin decreased significantly from 21.03, 10.34 to 14.05, 5.63 g/L with the increasing dietary SPI (p<0.05), but alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased (p<0.05). In addition, supplemental crystalline amino acid in the FM absence diet did not improve growth performance, intestine digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the results from this study showed adverse effects of inclusion of SPI in diets on growth performance, feed utilization and serum biochemical parameters in juvenile Amur sturgeon. Based on WGR and replacement ratio presented in this report, a 57.64% replacement level was recommended.
Xu, Q. Y.; Wang, C. A.; Zhao, Z. G.; Luo, L.
Design and parameter estimation of hybrid magnetic bearings for blood pump applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This paper discusses the design and parameter estimation of the dynamics characteristics of a high-speed hybrid magnetic bearings (HMBs) system for axial flow blood pump applications. The rotor/impeller of the pump is driven by a three-phase permanent magnet (PM) brushless and sensorless DC motor. It is levitated by two HMBs at both ends in five-degree-of-freedom with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers; among which four radial directions are actively controlled and one axial direction is passively controlled. Test results show that the rotor can be stably supported to speeds of 14,000 rpm. The frequency domain parameter estimation technique with statistical analysis is adopted to validate the stiffness and damping coefficients of the HMBs system. A specially designed test rig facilitated the estimation of the bearing's coefficients in air—in both the radial and axial directions. The radial stiffness of the HMBs is compared to the Ansoft's Maxwell 2D/3D finite element magnetostatic results. Experimental estimation showed that the dynamics characteristics of the HMBs system are dominated by the frequency-dependent stiffness coefficients. The actuator gain was also successfully calibrated and may potentially extend the parameter estimation technique developed in the study of identification and monitoring of the pump's dynamics properties under normal operating conditions with fluid.
Lim, Tau Meng; Zhang, Dongsheng; Yang, Juanjuan; Cheng, Shanbao; Low, Sze Hsien; Chua, Leok Poh; Wu, Xiaowei
Variation of adult Great Tit Parus major body condition and blood parameters in relation to sex, age, year and season
In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the ranges of variation of health related biochemical and\\u000a haematological parameters in wildlife, but information is still scarce for enzymatic activities which can be extremely important\\u000a in detecting potential responses to environmental change. In a Great Tit (Parus major) population, we describe the variation in relation to age, sex,
A. C. Norte; J. A. Ramos; J. P. Sousa; B. C. Sheldon
Effects of intraperitoneally injected silver nanoparticles on histological structures and blood parameters in the albino rat
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute dosing with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and identify potential ultrastructural alterations in the liver and kidney and their effect on blood parameters in the albino rat. Methods Twenty rats were used to assess the acute effects of AgNPs. Rats in the treatment group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mL of distilled water containing AgNPs at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight followed by a second injection after 48 hours. Control rats received two 0.5 mL doses of distilled water only. After 3 days, blood samples were collected, and the rat kidneys and livers were extracted and processed for electron microscopy to investigate for hematologic and histopathologic alterations. Results Renal tubules showed swollen epithelium with cytoplasmic vacuolization, thickening of the basement membrane, and destruction of some mitochondrial cristae. Podocytes showed elongation and swelling of their primary and secondary processes. The basement membrane of the capillary tufts became thicker. The hepatic tissue showed narrowing of the sinusoids, swollen hepatocytes with hypertrophied nucleoli, and accumulation of fat globules in the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. The hepatic sinusoids showed hypertrophied endothelial and Kupffer. Destructed cristae of some mitochondria, endosomes, and larger lysosomes filled with Ag-NPs were also observed in the Kupffer cells. Significant increases were observed in white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, granulocytes, and hemoglobin. There was a significant increase in serum creatinine, urea, and aspartate and alanine aminotransferases. Conclusion To the best of the authors' knowledge, the ultrastructural changes in renal and liver tissue observed in this study have not been described before. Our results suggest that injection of AgNPs could have severe cytotoxic effects on the structure and function of these organs.
Sarhan, Osama Mohamed M; Hussein, Rehab M
Blood pressure levels and variance assessed by ambulatory monitoring: optimal parameters.
We obtained multiple ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) records over five years from two trained, normotensive subjects experienced in wearing the apparatus. The resulting time series data on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were used to suggest optimal parameters for monitoring by two instruments (Colin Medical Instruments ABPM-630 and Del Mar Avionics Pressurometer) and to compare two indirect methods (auscultatory and oscillometric). A 10-min sampling interval day and night provided sufficient density of data to support spectral analysis for ultradian rhythms in the frequency range of one cycle per hour to one cycle per 9 h on a 24-h record. Rhythms with major periods of approximately 3, 6, and 9 h were variously found in 94 normotensive subjects, aged 20 to 95 years, including the two trained subjects. When the monitoring period was extended to 72 h, the circadian (approximately 24 h) rhythm could be more sharply defined, as well as a 12-h harmonic. In some studies the two trained subjects wore two monitors, one on each arm, set to read simultaneously. From the simultaneous measurements on both arms, it was shown that averaging across three points (30 min of record) reduced the coefficient of variation between the two simultaneous records to 6% or less. Auscultatory and oscillometric methods were equally reliable. Echocardiographic data were obtained in five normotensive subjects and compared to their ABPM data. The ABPM records provided additional information about cardiovascular function not merely duplicating that obtained by acute stress tests, such as exercise or cold pressor responses, or echocardiography. Standards for ABPM are suggested. PMID:2221507
Yates, F E; Benton, L A
Automated screening for myelodysplastic syndromes through analysis of complete blood count and cell population data parameters.
The diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) requires a high clinical index of suspicion to prompt bone marrow studies as well as subjective assessment of dysplastic morphology. We sought to determine if data collected by automated hematology analyzers during complete blood count (CBC) analysis might help to identify MDS in a routine clinical setting. We collected CBC parameters (including those for research use only and cell population data) and demographic information in a large (>5,000), unselected sequential cohort of outpatients. The cohort was divided into independent training and test groups to develop and validate a random forest classifier that identifies MDS. The classifier effectively identified MDS and had a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.942. Platelet distribution width and the standard deviation of red blood cell distribution width were the most discriminating variables within the classifier. Additionally, a similar classifier was validated with an additional, independent set of >200 patients from a second institution with an AUC of 0.93. This retrospective study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying MDS in an unselected outpatient population using data routinely collected during CBC analysis with a classifier that has been validated using two independent data sets from different institutions. PMID:24276948
Raess, Philipp W; van de Geijn, Gert-Jan M; Njo, Tjin L; Klop, Boudewijn; Sukhachev, Dmitry; Wertheim, Gerald; McAleer, Tom; Master, Stephen R; Bagg, Adam
Prolonged oral cyanide effects on feed intake, growth rate and blood parameters in rabbits.
Twelve adult rabbits bred locally were divided into two equal groups of 6; experimental and control groups. Rabbits in the experimental group were orally dosed with KCN at 3mg/kg body weight for 40 consecutive days. Members in control group were given placebo (distilled water) for the same period. Animals in both groups were offered feed at 90gm/kg/day while ample drinking water was available ad lib. Feed consumption and body weight of rabbits in both the groups were recorded. Blood samples were also drawn to determine various hematological parameters. Statistical analysis revealed a non-significant difference of total and daily feed intakes in rabbits of experimental and control groups. Whereas the feed efficiency of rabbits in the experimental group were significantly reduced (P<0.05) compared to controls. Likewise a significant decrease in body weight gain of rabbits in experimental group (P<0.05) was observed. A non-significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count and platelets of rabbits in both the groups. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were significantly decreased in treated rabbits. It was concluded that chronic cyanide intake had a deleterious effect on feed efficiency, growth rate and blood components of rabbits. PMID:25015439
Avais, Muhammad; Khan, Muhammad Sarwar; Khan, Muhammad Arif; Ashraf, Kamran; Khan, Jawaria Ali; Hameed, Sajid
Biodynamic parameters of micellar diminazene in sheep erythrocytes and blood plasma.
In this work, we used a preparation of diminazene, which belongs to the group of aromatic diamidines. This compound acts on the causative agents of blood protozoan diseases produced by both flagellated protozoa (Trypanosoma) and members of the class Piroplasmida (Babesia, Theileria, and Cytauxzoon) in various domestic and wild animals, and it is widely used in veterinary medicine. We examined the behavior of water-disperse diminazene (immobilized in Tween 80 micelles) at the cellular and organismal levels. We assessed the interaction of an aqueous and a water-disperse preparation with cells of the reticuloendothelial system. We compared the kinetic parameters of aqueous and water-disperse diminazene in sheep erythrocytes and plasma. The therapeutic properties of these two preparations were also compared. We found that the surface-active substances improved intracellular penetration of the active substance through interaction with the cell membrane. In sheep blood erythrocytes, micellar diminazene accumulated more than its aqueous analog. This form was also more effective therapeutically than the aqueous analog. Our findings demonstrate that use of micellar diminazene allows the injection dose to be reduced by 30%. PMID:22122895
Staroverov, Sergey A; Sidorkin, Vladimir A; Fomin, Alexander S; Shchyogolev, Sergey Yu; Dykman, Lev A
Comparison of hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological parameters of healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy and the active labor phase
Background Pregnancy is accompanied by several hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological changes which revert to normal values after labor. The mean values of these parameters have been reported for developed countries, but not for Mexican women. Furthermore, labor constitutes a stress situation, in which these factors may be altered. It is known that serologic increase of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 is associated with abnormal pregnancies, presenting very low level in normal pregnant women. Nevertheless, there are no studies where these measurements are compared in healthy pregnant women at their third trimester of pregnancy (3TP) and the active labor phase (ActLP). Methods Seventy five healthy Mexican pregnant women were included. Hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological parameters were obtained in all cases, and serum Hsp70 levels were measured in a sample of 15 women at 3TP and at ActLP. Results Significant differences were found in most analysis performed and in Hsp70 concentration at 3TP as compared to ActLP, however all were within normal range in both conditions, supporting that only in pathological pregnancies Hsp70 is drastically increased. Conclusion Results obtained indicate that 3TP and ActLP have clinical similarities in normal pregnancies, therefore if abnormalities are found during 3TP, precautions should be taken before ActLP.
Calorie restriction in biosphere 2: alterations in physiologic, hematologic, hormonal, and biochemical parameters in humans restricted for a 2-year period.
Four female and four male crew members, including two of the present authors (R. Walford and T. MacCallum)--seven of the crew being ages 27 to 42 years, and one aged 67 years--were sealed inside Biosphere 2 for two years. During seven eighths of that period they consumed a low-calorie (1750-2100 kcal/d) nutrient-dense diet of vegetables, fruits, nuts, grains, and legumes, with small amounts of dairy, eggs, and meat (approximately 12% calories from protein, approximately 11% from fat, and approximately 77% from complex carbohydrates). They experienced a marked and sustained weight loss of 17 +/- 5%, mostly in the first 8 months. Blood was drawn before entry into Biosphere 2, at many time-points inside it, and four times during the 30 months following exit from it and return to an ad libitum diet. Longitudinal studies of 50 variables on each crew member compared outside and inside values by means of a Bayesian statistical analysis. The data show that physiologic (e.g., body mass index, with a decrease of 19% for men and 13% for women; blood pressure, with a systolic decrease of 25% and a diastolic decrease of 22%), hematologic (e.g., white blood cell count, decreased 31%), hormonal (e.g., insulin, decreased 42%; T3, decreased 19%), biochemical (e.g., blood sugar, decreased 21%; cholesterol, decreased 30%), and a number of additional changes, including values for rT3, cortisol, glycated hemoglobin, plus others, resembled those of rodents or monkeys maintained on a calorie-restricted regime. Significant variations in several substances not hitherto studied in calorie-restricted animals are also reported (e.g., androstenedione, thyroid binding globulin, renin, and transferrin). We conclude that healthy nonobese humans on a low-calorie, nutrient-dense diet show physiologic, hematologic, hormonal, and biochemical changes resembling those of rodents and monkeys on such diets. With regard to the health of humans on such a diet, we observed that despite the selective restriction in calories and marked weight loss, all crew members remained in excellent health and sustained a high level of physical and mental activity throughout the entire 2 years. PMID:12023257
Walford, Roy L; Mock, Dennis; Verdery, Roy; MacCallum, Taber
Lack of prognostic value of blood parameters in patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer.
Aim: To determine prognostic value of blood parameters on overall and progression-free survival in cases received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with diagnosis of stage I-III breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed files of 350 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer who were treated in the Radiation Oncology Department of Kayseri Teaching Hospital between 2005 and 2010. Pretreatment white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, monocyte, basophil and eosinophil counts, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were recorded. The relationship between clinicopathological findings and blood parameters was assessed. Results: Overall, 344 women and 6 men were recruited. Median age was 55.3±0.3 years (range: 22-86). Of the cases, 243 (61.4%) received radiotherapy while 329 (94.3%), received chemotherapy and 215 (61.4%) received hormone therapy. Mean overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was 84.4 and 78.8 months, respectively. During follow-up, 48 patients died due to either disease- related or non-related causes. Local recurrence was detected in 14 cases, while distant metastasis was noted in 45 cases. In univariate analysis, age, pathology, perinodal invasion were significantly associated with overall survival, whereas gender, stage and hormone therapy were significantly associated with progression-free survival. In multivariate analysis, histopathological diagnosis (OR: 0.3; 95%: 0.1-0.7; p=0.006) and perinodal invasion (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.1-1.3; p=0.026) were significantly associated with overall survival, whereas tumor stage (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 0.0-0.7; p=0.014) and hormone therapy (OR: 2.1; 95%: 1.2-3.8; p=0.010) were significantly associated with progression-free survival. Conclusions: It was found that serum inflammatory markers including WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, and NLR and PLR had no effect on prognosis in patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery and received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. PMID:24935375
Cihan, Yasemin Benderli; Arslan, Alaettin; Cetindag, Mehmet Faik; Mutlu, Hasan
Errors of measurement for blood volume parameters: a meta-analysis.
The volume of red blood cells (V(RBC)) is used routinely in the diagnostic workup of polycythemia, in assessing the efficacy of erythropoietin administration, and to study factors affecting oxygen transport. However, errors of various methods of measurement of V(RBC) and related parameters are not well characterized. We meta-analyzed 346 estimates of error of measurement of V(RBC) for techniques based on Evans blue (V(RBC,Evans)), 51chromium-labeled red blood cells (V(RBC,51Cr)), and carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing (V(RBC,CO)), as well as hemoglobin mass with the carbon-monoxide method (M(Hb,CO)), in athletes and active and inactive subjects undergoing various experimental and control treatments lasting minutes to months. Subject characteristics and experimental treatments had little effect on error of measurement, but measures with the smallest error showed some increase in error with increasing time between trials. Adjusted to 1 day between trials and expressed as coefficients of variation, mean errors for M(Hb,CO) (2.2%; 90% confidence interval 1.4-3.5%) and V(RBC,51Cr) (2.8%; 2.4-3.2%) were much less than those for V(RBC,Evans) (6.7%; 4.9-9.4%) and V(RBC,CO) (6.7%; 3.4-14%). Most of the error of V(RBC,Evans) was due to error in measurement of volume of plasma via Evans blue dye (6.0%; 4.5-7.8%), which is the basis of V(RBC,Evans). Most of the error in V(RBC,CO) was due to estimates from laboratories with a relatively large error in M(Hb,CO), the basis of V(RBC,CO). V(RBC,51Cr) and M(Hb,CO) are the best measures for research on blood-related changes in oxygen transport. With care, V(RBC,Evans) is suitable for clinical applications of blood-volume measurement. PMID:15976358
Gore, Christopher J; Hopkins, Will G; Burge, Caroline M
Differences in association between birth parameters and blood pressure in children from preschool to high school.
We aimed to investigate the association between birth parameters with blood pressure (BP) among preschool- and school-aged children. Two separate childhood datasets were used: (1) 1295 children aged 3-6 years were examined during 2007-2009; and (2) 1741 and 2353 children aged 6 and 12 years, respectively, were examined during 2004-2006. Birth parameter data were obtained from parental records. BP was measured using standard protocols. Among 6-year-old children, each 1 kg decrease in birth weight was associated with a 1.33- and 1.20-mm Hg higher systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, after multivariable adjustment. In 6-year-old children, a decrease of 1 week in gestational age was independently associated with a 0.33- and 0.37-mm Hg higher systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Six-year-old children in the low birth weight category (? 2499 g) versus those in the normal/high birth weight category (? 2500 g) had significantly higher systolic BP (P<0.0001). Girls in the low birth weight category versus those in the normal/high weight category had higher systolic BP (P=0.02). Significant associations were not observed among preschool-aged children and preadolescents. Birth weight and gestational age were strongly associated with BP among 6-year-old children, particularly girls, but not among preschoolers or preadolescents. PMID:22534831
Gopinath, B; Baur, L A; Pfund, N; Burlutsky, G; Mitchell, P
Assessment of the myocardial protective effect of antegrade warm blood cardioplegia by measuring the release of biochemical markers
Intermittent warm blood cardioplegia has been reported as a valuable alternative for myocardial protection in cardiac surgery;\\u000a however, conflicting experimental data have been published. To assess the clinical effectivenes of intermittent warm cardioplegia,\\u000a we measured the release of troponin-T (Tn-T), a highly sensitive and specific marker of myocardial damage, and creatine kinase\\u000a MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), in 12 patients who underwent
Koji Kawahito; Jun Mohara; Yoshio Misawa; Morito Kato; Katsuo Fuse
Biochemical findings in blood of aged patients with femoral neck fractures: A contribution to the detection of occult osteomalacia
Summary A study was made in Geneva of 44 patients with femoral neck fractures and no risk factor of osteomalacia to determine concentrations\\u000a of 25OHD3, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and globulins in blood. The results were compared with those obtained\\u000a for control groups of adult and aged subjects, as well as of 21 subjects operated on for hip osteoarthritis. For
C. H. Rapin; R. Lagier; G. Boivin; A. Jung; W. Mac Gee
Forssman expression on human erythrocytes: biochemical and genetic evidence of a new histo-blood group system.
In analogy with histo-blood group A antigen, Forssman (Fs) antigen terminates with ?3-N-acetylgalactosamine and can be used by pathogens as a host receptor in many mammals. However, primates including humans lack Fs synthase activity and have naturally occurring Fs antibodies in plasma. We investigated individuals with the enigmatic ABO subgroup A(pae) and found them to be homozygous for common O alleles. Their erythrocytes had no A antigens but instead expressed Fs glycolipids. The unexpected Fs antigen was confirmed in structural, serologic, and flow-cytometric studies. The Fs synthase gene, GBGT1, in A(pae) individuals encoded an arginine to glutamine change at residue 296. Gln296 is present in lower mammals, whereas Arg296 was found in 6 other primates, > 250 blood donors and A(pae) family relatives without the A(pae) phenotype. Transfection experiments and molecular modeling showed that Agr296Gln reactivates the human Fs synthase. Uropathogenic E coli containing prsG-adhesin-encoding plasmids agglutinated A(pae) but not group O cells, suggesting biologic implications. Predictive tests for intravascular hemolysis with crossmatch-incompatible sera indicated complement-mediated destruction of Fs-positive erythrocytes. Taken together, we provide the first conclusive description of Fs expression in normal human hematopoietic tissue and the basis of a new histo-blood group system in man, FORS. PMID:23255552
Svensson, Lola; Hult, Annika K; Stamps, Robert; Ĺngström, Jonas; Teneberg, Susann; Storry, Jill R; Jřrgensen, René; Rydberg, Lennart; Henry, Stephen M; Olsson, Martin L
Use of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters to assess the chronic effects of a fungicide propiconazole on a freshwater teleost
Blood is an indicator of physiological condition of an animal. Therefore, the chronic effects of propiconazole, a triazole fungicide present in aquatic environment, on hematology of rainbow trout were investigated in this study. Fish were exposed at various concentrations of PCZ (0.2, 50 and 500?gL?1) for 7, 20 and 30d. Multiple biomarkers were measured, including hematological indices (hemoglobin concentration, red
Zhi-Hua Li; Josef Velisek; Roman Grabic; Ping Li; Jitka Kolarova; Tomas Randak
Interactive effects of photoperiod and light intensity on blood physiological and biochemical reactions of broilers grown to heavy weights.
The effects of photoperiod, light intensity, and their interaction on blood acid-base balance, metabolites, and electrolytes in broiler chickens under environmentally controlled conditions were examined in 2 trials. A 3 × 3 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was used in this study. In each trial, all treatment groups were provided 23L:1D with 20 lx of intensity from placement to 7 d, and then subjected to the treatments. The 9 treatments consisted of 3 photoperiods [long/continuous (23L:1D) from d 8 to 56, regular/intermittent (2L:2D), and short/nonintermittent (8L:16D) from d 8 to 48 and 23L:1D from d 49 to 56, respectively] and exposure to 3 light intensities (10, 5.0, and 0.5 lx) from d 8 through d 56 at 50% RH. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Venous blood samples were collected on d 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56. Main effects indicated that short/nonintermittent photoperiod significantly (P < 0.05) reduced BW, pH, partial pressure of O2, saturated O2, Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Cl(-), osmolality, triiodothyronine (T3), and total protein along with significantly (P < 0.05) elevated partial pressure of CO2, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and lactate concentrations. In addition, there were no effects of photoperiod on HCO3(-), glucose, anion gap, and thyroxine (T4). Plasma corticosterone was not affected by photoperiod, light intensity, or their interaction. There was no effect of light intensity on most of the blood variables examined. Acid-base regulation during photoperiod and light intensity exposure did not deteriorate despite a lower pH and higher partial pressure of CO2 with normal HCO3(-). These results indicate that continuous exposure of broiler chickens to varying light intensities had a minor effect on blood physiological variables, whereas the short photoperiod markedly affected most blood physiological variables without inducing physiological stress in broilers. PMID:23472026
Olanrewaju, H A; Purswell, J L; Collier, S D; Branton, S L
High-Moisture Diet for Laboratory Rats: Complete Blood Counts, Serum Biochemical Values, and Intestinal Enzyme Activity
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rats were fed an irradiated high-moisture diet (KSC-25) with or without access to a water bottle. Physiologic values were compared between these two groups and a group of rats fed a purified diet. Hematologic and serum biochemical values, urine specific gravity, and intestinal enzyme activities were determined from samples collected from the three groups of rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n=32) fed the irradiated high-moisture diet with or without a water bottle were the test animals. Rats (n=16) fed an irradiated purified diet and water provided via a water bottle were the control group. The purified diet formulation, modified AIN-76A, is a commonly used purified diet for laboratory rodents. All rats remained alert and healthy throughout the study. A comparison of the physiologic values of rats in this study with reported normal values indicated that all of the rats in the study were in good health. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) of the physiologic values from each rat group are reported.
Battles, August H.; Knapka, Joseph T.; Stevens, Bruce R.; Lewis, Laura; Lang, Marie T.; Gruendel, Douglas J.
Unexpected changes in blood pressure and hematological parameters among fasting and nonfasting workers during Ramadan in Indonesia
Objective:To examine the effect of Ramadan fasting on basic hematological parameters, in addition to the effects on body weight and blood pressure of fasters and nonfasters.Design, setting, and subjects:One hundred male outdoor workers at a vehicle terminal in a city in East Java were recruited for this study. Anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were conducted on two separate occasions, just
L Dewanti; C Watanabe; Sulistiawati; R Ohtsuka
Influęncia da ordem e estádios da lactaçăo no perfil bioquímico sangüíneo de cabras da raça Saanen (Influence of parity and stage of lactation on the blood biochemical profile of Saanen goats)
The serum biochemical profile of Saanen dairy goat was investigated with the purpose of analyzing the physiological variations and the influence of lactation order and stage in terms of possible biomarkers to monitor the energetic balance and the metabolic adequacy during lactation. Blood samples were taken from lactating goats at first, second and third lactation. They were collected from the
A. V. Mundim; A. S. Costa; S. A. P. Mundim; E. C. Guimarăes; F. S. Espindola
Effects of combined dietary chromium(III) propionate complex and thiamine supplementation on insulin sensitivity, blood biochemical indices, and mineral levels in high-fructose-fed rats.
Insulin resistance is the first step in glucose intolerance and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, thus effective prevention strategies should also include dietary interventions to enhance insulin sensitivity. Nutrients, such as microelement chromium(III) and thiamine, play regulatory roles in carbohydrate metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the insulin-sensitizing potential of the combined supplementary chromium(III) propionate complex (CrProp) and thiamine in insulin resistance animal model (rats fed a high-fructose diet). The experiment was carried out on 40 nine-week-old male Wistar rats divided into five groups (eight animals each). Animals were fed ad libitum: the control diet (AIN-93 M) and high-fructose diets with and without a combination of two levels of CrProp (0.1 and 1 mg Cr/kg body mass/day) and two levels of thiamine (0.5 and 10 mg/kg body mass/day) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment rats were sacrificed to collect blood and internal organs for analyses of blood biochemical and hematologic indices as well as tissular microelement levels that were measured using appropriate methods. It was found that both supplementary CrProp and thiamine (given alone) have significant insulin-sensitizing and moderate blood-lipid-lowering properties, while the combined supplementation with these agents does not give synergistic effects in insulin-resistant rats. CrProp given separately increased kidney Cu and Cr levels, while thiamine alone increased hepatic Cu contents and decreased renal Zn and Cu contents. PMID:23065486
Król, Ewelina; Krejpcio, Zbigniew; Michalak, S?awomir; Wójciak, Rafa? W; Bogda?ski, Pawe?
Effects of stress produced by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on ECG and some blood parameters in vitamin C treated and non-treated chickens
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin C on ECG and some blood parameters in chickens stressed by ACTH. Sixty Leghorn chickens were randomly allotted to control and experimental groups. Prior to the experimental period ECG's were recorded and blood samples were taken from both groups of chickens; some blood parameters were also determined. In
Ali Çinar; Ferda Belge; Nurcan Donmez; Muzaffer Selçuk; Mustafa Tatar
Single sublethal dose of microcystin-LR is responsible for different alterations in biochemical, histological and physiological renal parameters.
Microcystins (MCYSTs) are very stable cyclic peptidic toxins produced by cyanobacteria. Their effects on hepatic tissue have been studied extensively, and they are considered to be a potent hepatotoxin. However, several effects of MCYST on other organs have also been described, but generally in studies using higher doses of MCYST. In the present work, we investigated the effect of a single sublethal dose of MCYST-LR (55 ?g/kg) in Wistar rats and analyzed different aspects that influenced renal physiology, including toxin accumulation, excretion, histological morphology, biochemical responses and oxidative damage in the kidney. After 24 h of exposure to MCYST-LR, it was possible to observe an increased glomerular filtration rate (6.28 ± 1.56 vs 2.16 ± 0.48 ?l/min per cm(2)) compared with the control group. Increase of interstitial space and collagen deposition corresponded to a fibrotic response to the increased production of reactive oxygen species. The observed decrease of Na(+) reabsorption was due to inhibition of the activity of both Na(+) pumps in proximal tubules cells. We suggested that this modulation is mediated by the effect of MCYST as a phosphatase protein inhibitor that maintains the sustained kinase-mediated regulatory phosphorylation of the ATPases. The observed alteration of Na(+) active transporters lead to damage of renal function, since are involved in regulation of water and solute reabsorption in proximal tubules. The results of this report reinforce the importance of understanding the molecular effects of a single sublethal dose of MCYST-LR, which, in this study, was responsible for macro-alterations found in the renal parenchyma and renal physiology in rats. PMID:22387752
Lowe, J; Souza-Menezes, J; Freire, D S; Mattos, L J; Castiglione, R C; Barbosa, C M L; Santiago, L; Ferrăo, F M; Cardoso, L H D; da Silva, R T; Vieira-Beiral, H J; Vieyra, A; Morales, M M; Azevedo, S M F O; Soares, R M
Changes in full blood count parameters in leptospirosis: a prospective study
Background Leptospirosis presents diagnostic challenges to clinicians, in settings where other acute febrile illness are prevalent. The patterns of serial changes in haematological parameters in leptospirosis has not been evaluated previously. Methods Clinical and laboratory data were collected prospectively from patients with leptospirosis in two hospitals in Sri Lanka. Leptospirosis was diagnosed based on WHO clinical criteria with confirmation using Microscopic Agglutination Test titre?>?400 or 4 fold rise between acute and convalescent samples. Full blood count parameters were analysed up to the 14th day of illness. Results Data from 201 patients with leptospirosis were available. Leukocyte counts and absolute neutrophil counts showed a decline over the first 5 days of illness, then rose until the end of the second week. On day 3 of fever, the majority (75%) had normal leukocyte counts, and by day 5, leukocytosis was seen only in 38.1%; leucopenia was an uncommon finding. Lymphopenia was seen in over half on day 5, declining to just under a quarter of patients by day 10. Platelets declined over the first 6 days and then gradually rose. Thrombocytopenia was seen in nearly three-fourths of patients by day 5. Haemoglobin and haematocrit levels declined over the course of illness. Total white cell and neutrophil counts were higher, and haemoglobin and haematorcrit were significantly lower, in patients with severe disease. Conclusions Neither leukocytosis nor lymphopenia were prominent features, while thrombocytopenia was seen during the 3rd to 5th day of illness, with dropping haemoglobin levels. Neutrophilia and low haemoglobin levels appear to predict severe disease. These findings may be of use to clinicians in differentiating leptospirosis from other acute infections like dengue, and could help in predicting severe leptospirosis.
Within- and between-subject variations in pharmacokinetic parameters of ethanol by analysis of breath, venous blood and urine
Aims To evaluate the prerequisites for using ethanol dilution to estimate total body water, we studied the within- and between-subject variation in the parameter estimates of a two-compartment model for ethanol pharmacokinetics with parallel Michaelis-Menten and first-order renal elimination. Because sampling of breath might be preferable in some clinical situations the parameter estimates derived from breath and venous blood were compared. Methods On two occasions, ethanol 0.4 g kg?1 was given by intravenous infusion to 16 volunteers after they had fasted overnight. The proposed model was fitted by means of nonlinear regression to concentration-time data measured in the breath, venous blood and urine during 360 min. The model contained six parameters: Vmax and Km (Michaelis-Menten elimination constants), CLd (intercompartmental distribution parameter), VC and VT (volumes of the central and tissue compartment, respectively) and CLR (renal clearance). The volume of distribution, Vss, was calculated as the sum of VC and VT. Results The mean ± total s.d. of the parameter estimates derived from blood data were Vmax 95 ± 25 mg min?1, Km 27 ± 19 mg l?1, CLd 809 ± 232 ml min?1, VC 14.5 ± 4.3 l, VT 21.2 ± 4.4 l, CLR 3.6 ± 2.0 ml min?1 and Vss 35.8 ± 4.3 l. The variation within subjects amounted to 3%, 9%, 21%, 21%, 17%, 26% and 2%, respectively, of the total variation. Breath samples were associated with a similar or lower variation than blood, both within and between subjects. About 1.5% of the infused ethanol was recovered in the urine. Conclusions The low within-subject variation of the key parameter Vss (only 2%) suggests that ethanol dilution analysed by the pharmacokinetic model applied here may be used as an index of the total body water. Breath samples yielded at least as good reproducibility in the model parameters as venous blood.
Norberg, A; Gabrielsson, J; Jones, A W; Hahn, R G
Isolation and some molecular parameters of elastase-like normal proteinases from horse blood leucocytes.
Cytoplasmic granules were isolated from horse blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes by the heparin method and extracted with 0.9% NaCl by repeated freezing. Soluble proteins were separated on a column of Sephadex G-75 followed by chromatography on a column of CM-Sephadex with a NaCl gradient. Gel filtration, density-gradient centrifugation, isoelectric focusing and 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0 and at pH 4.5 were used to determine molecular parameters of proteinases. Three enzymes hydrolysing both casein and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanine nitrophenyl ester were found in the granule extract: proteinase 1, mol.wt. 38000, pI5.3; proteinase 2A, mol.wt. 24500, pI8.8; and proteinase 2B, mol.wt. 20500, pI above 10. The latter two elastase-like proteinases were purified to apparent homogeneity. Images PLATE 1
Dubin, A; Koj, A; Chudzik, J
Blood antioxidant parameters in sickle cell anemia patients in steady state.
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary disorder with higher potential for oxidative damage due to chronic redox imbalance in red cells. We measured antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). We also determined oxidative damage of proteins in hemolysate of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma (carbonyl assay). We characterized the membrane damage in terms of lipid peroxidation by accumulation of malonaldehyde (MDA) by HPLC in 30 healthy controls and 20 SCA patients in steady-state condition. Twenty (9 males/11 females) adult SCA patients and 30 healthy controls were studied. All patients and control subjects had antioxidant (CAT, GPx, SOD, carbonyl and MDA) and hematological parameters done. Our data show that SCA patients had significant higher GPx and SOD activities than healthy controls. Carbonyl assay was noted in plasma but not in hemolysate. An enhanced production of MDA was observed in the serum of SCA patients. Our data support the growing evidence that patients with SCA are subjected to chronic oxidative stress and are able to oxidative damage in biological macromolecules such as proteins and lipids. PMID:18717139
Manfredini, Vanusa; Lazzaretti, Luísa Lauermann; Griebeler, Isabel Heinzmann; Santin, Ana Paula; Brandăo, Vanessa Duarte Martins; Wagner, Sandrine; Castro, Simone Martins; Peralba, Maria do Carmo Ruaro; Benfato, Mara Silveira
Effects of 16 weeks of training prior to a major competition on hormonal and biochemical parameters in young elite gymnasts.
The aim of this study was to investigate the response to 16 weeks of training on selected hormonal and biological parameters in seven international competition level female artistic gymnasts (14.5 +/- 1.2 years). Data were collected at the beginning of the first training week (W1) and in the 16th week (W16). Assessments also included anthropometric measurements, dietary intake for 7 days and Tanner staging. No gymnast had reached menarche and the puberty stages corresponded to Tanner's pubertal stage 2. The gymnasts were smaller than average for their age group, with a height:weight ratio above the 50th percentile. Energy intake was about 31% lower than recommendations. Significant decreases in IGF-I, IGFBP3, IGF-I:C ratio and triglyceride values and increases in uric acid and creatinine levels were noted. Cortisol values were high regardless of the period. This training provided evidence for alterations in resting somatotropic and adrenocorticotropic parameters. PMID:12880124
Filaire, E; Jouanel, P; Colombier, M; Bégue, R J; Lac, G
A comprehensive review of CT-based dosimetry parameters and biochemical control in patients treated with permanent prostate brachytherapy
Purpose: The American Brachytherapy Society recommends that postprostate implant dosimetry be performed on all patients undergoing transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy (TIPPB) utilizing CT scan clinical target volume reconstructions. This study was undertaken to assess the recommended dosimetry parameters from a large cohort of patients undergoing TIPPB that would predict for PSA relapse-free survival (PSA-RFS).Methods and Materials: Seven hundred nineteen
Louis Potters; Yijian Cao; Emel Calugaru; Taryn Torre; Paul Fearn; Xiao-Hong Wang
Effects of Replacement of Soybean Meal by Fermented Cottonseed Meal on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Immune Function of Yellow-feathered Broilers
The study was conducted to examine the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) by solid-state fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and immune function of broilers. After inoculated with Bacillus subtilis BJ-1 for 48 h, the content of free gossypol in cottonseed meal was decreased from 0.82 to 0.21 g/kg. A total of 600, day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates of 50 chicks each. A corn-SBM based control diet was formulated and the experimental diets included 4, 8 or 12% FCSM, replacing SBM. Throughout the experiment, broilers fed 8% FCSM had higher (p<0.05) body weight gain than those fed 0, 4 and 12% FCSM. The feed intake in 8% FCSM group was superior (p<0.05) to other treatments from d 21 to 42. On d 21, the concentration of serum immunoglobin M in the 4% and 8% FCSM groups, as well as the content of complements (C3, C4) in 8% FCSM group were greater (p<0.05) than those in the SBM group. Besides, birds fed 8% FCSM had increased (p<0.05) serum immunoglobin M, immunoglobulin G and complement C4 levels on d 42 compared with bird fed control diet. No differences (p>0.05) were found between treatments regarding the serum biochemical parameters and the relative weights of immune organs. In conclusion, FCSM can be used in broiler diets at up to 12% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of SBM with FCSM may improve growth performance and immunity in broilers.
Tang, J. W.; Sun, H.; Yao, X. H.; Wu, Y. F.; Wang, X.; Feng, J.
Alteration of certain blood parameters of freshwater teleost Mystus vittatus after chronic exposure to Metasystox and Sevin
Indiscriminate use of pesticides has elevated the risk of contamination of environment and aquatic habitat. Considering the\\u000a above fact, the present study has been under taken to investigate the alteration of some blood parameters of freshwater teleost\\u000a Mystus vittatus after chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of Metasystox (4 ppm.) and Sevin (7 ppm.) individually. The main alterations\\u000a observed in certain haematological parameters
P. Joseph John
Influence of repeated subcutaneous G-CSF injections on selected blood parameters relevant for monitoring programmes in sports drug testing.
The use of growth factors in sports is restricted under the terms of the World Anti-Doping Code (WADC). While the beneficial effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on erythropoiesis and therefore its performance-enhancing properties have been well documented and established for decades, the aim of this study was to elucidate the relevance of the cytokine G-CSF in a doping control context, particularly concerning its influence on selected blood parameters representing central aspects of the Athlete Biological Passport. For that purpose, the effect of repeated subcutaneous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injections in therapeutic dosages (10 µg/kg/d) on white blood cells, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit and percent reticulocytes was analyzed by using commonly employed fluorescence flow cytometry-based approaches. A total of 20 people were tested (14 male, 6 female) and both white blood cell count and reticulocyte percentages were found to significantly increase following a 5-day treatment with G-CSF. Simultaneously, all other volume-dependent parameters (red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit) slightly but significantly decreased. Due to the relevance of these measurands for the validity of blood tests for doping controls and the anecdotal evidence of G-CSF being potentially misused by elite athletes, G-CSF analyses might be indicated in case of unusually altered blood profiles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID:23047806
Walpurgis, Katja; Slijepcevic, Mirjana; Wenzel, Folker; Thomas, Andreas; Geyer, Hans; Franz, Stefan; Schänzer, Wilhelm; Thevis, Mario
Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and immature reticulocytes evaluations in mobilization process: new parameters measured by conventional blood cell counter.
Monitoring the timing of leukapheresis in peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) mobilization is an important clinical decision that requires an accurate analytical tool. The present study assessed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) counts provided by a routine automated blood counter as potential parameters for predicting the appropriate time for harvesting. The HPC and IRF values were compared with white blood cell (WBC) and CD34+ cell counts obtained by flow cytometry in 30 adult patients with hematological malignancies undergoing PBSC mobilization. It was observed that there was a significant correlation between HPC counts and CD34(+) cells in peripheral blood counts (r=0.61, P=0.0003) and between the number of HPC and CD34+cells collected by leukapheresis (r=0.5733, P=0.0009). Comparing HPC, IRF, WBC, and CD34+ cells parameters as a sign of hematological recovery showed that the raise in immature reticulocytes counts preceded the increase of WBC (P=0.0002), HPC (P=0.0001), and CD34(+) (P=0.0001) cells in peripheral blood counts. According to our results, HPC and IRF parameters may be integrated into clinical protocols to evaluate the timing of leukapheresis. IRF, as previously demonstrated in bone marrow transplantation, is the earliest sign of hematopoietic recovery in mobilization process. PMID:16874808
Noronha, J F A; Lorand-Metze, I G H; Grotto, H Z W
Response to short term starvation of growth, haematological, biochemical and non-specific immune parameters in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and blackspot sea bream (Pagellus bogaraveo).
Growth, haematological (haematocrit), biochemical (serum cortisol and glucose), and non-specific immune (lysozyme, serum haemolytic and haemagglutinating activities, extracellular respiratory burst activity) parameters, were monitored in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and blackspot sea bream Pagellus bogaraveo subjected to a 31 days starvation compared to fed fish, to assess the responses to feed deprivation of these health status indicators. While haematocrit, serum cortisol, glucose and haemolytic activity of both species did not undergo significant variation following starvation, probably due to the short period applied, some non-specific immune parameters were affected significantly. In the starved sea bass, mucus lysozyme content doubled (1.8 U/mL) compared to the initial value. Haemagglutinating activity was significantly lower in starved sea bass than in fed fish after 31 days. In blackspot sea bream, a slight, not significant, reduction in haemagglutinating activity occurred 11 days after starvation. Respiratory burst activity decreased significantly in the starved fish. In spite of the limited number of examined parameters, the opportunity to use a panel of several indicators to obtain a more complete picture of health status in fish was underlined. PMID:21664688
Caruso, Gabriella; Denaro, Maria Gabriella; Caruso, Rosalba; Mancari, Ferdinando; Genovese, Lucrezia; Maricchiolo, Giulia
Biochemical, photosynthetic and productive parameters of Chinese cabbage grown under blue-red LED assembly designed for space agriculture
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Currently light emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered to be most preferable source for space plant growth facilities. We performed a complex study of growth and photosynthesis in Chinese cabbage plants (Brassica chinensis L.) grown with continuous LED lighting based on red (650 nm) and blue (470 nm) LEDs with a red to blue photon ratio of 7:1. Plants grown with high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps were used as a control. PPF levels used were about 100 ?mol/(m2 s) (PPF 100) and nearly 400 ?mol/(m2 s) (PPF 400). One group of plants was grown with PPF 100 and transferred to PPF 400 at the age of 12 days. Plants were studied at the age of 15 and 28 days (harvest age); some plants were left to naturally end their life cycle. We studied a number of parameters reflecting different stages of photosynthesis: photosynthetic pigment content; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (photosystem II quantum yield, photochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching); electron transport rate, proton gradient on thylakoid membranes (?pH), and photophosphorylation rate in isolated chloroplasts. We also tested parameters reflecting plant growth and productivity: shoot and root fresh and dry weight, sugar content and ascorbic acid content in shoots. Our results had shown that at PPF 100, plants grown with LEDs did not differ from control plants in shoot fresh weight, but showed substantial differences in photophosphorylation rate and sugar content. Differences observed in plants grown with PPF 100 become more pronounced in plants grown with PPF 400. Most parameters characterizing the plant photosynthetic performance, such as photosynthetic pigment content, electron transport rate, and ?pH did not react strongly to light spectrum. Photophosphorylation rate differed strongly in plants grown with different spectrum and PPF level, but did not always reflect final plant yield. Results of the present work suggest that narrow-band LED lighting caused changes in Chinese cabbage plants on levels of the photosynthetic apparatus and the whole plant, concerning its development and adaptation to a varying PPF level.
Avercheva, Olga; Berkovich, Yuliy A.; Smolyanina, Svetlana; Bassarskaya, Elizaveta; Pogosyan, Sergey; Ptushenko, Vasiliy; Erokhin, Alexei; Zhigalova, Tatiana
Effects of glycerol on performance, egg traits, some blood parameters and antibody production to SRBC of laying hens
This study was designed to investigate the effects of the usage of glycerol from biodiesel production from soybean oil in laying hen diets on laying performance, egg traits, heterophils to lymphocytes ratio (H\\/L), some blood parameters and antibody production to SRBC. A total of 180 Lohmann Brown laying hens 39weeks of age were allocated to four dietary treatments with one
Sakine Yalç?n; Handan Erol; Bülent Özsoy; ?lyas Onba??lar; Suzan Yalç?n; Aykut Üner
Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplement in reducing aflatoxicosis on performance and blood parameters in broiler chicks
This study was aimed to investigate the sufficiency of Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation to Diets against containing aflatoxins on the relative organ weights and various structural blood parameters. One hundred and twenty unsexed Ross birds were used from 3 to 7 weeks of age. Birds were randomly distributed and subjected to five nutrition treatments as follows: (T1. Control Group:
A. A. Shlig
Effects of some hematological parameters on whole blood tacrolimus concentration measured by two immunoassay-based analytical methods
Objectives:Tacrolimus (FK506) is a potent immunosuppressive drug used for prevention of rejection following transplantation. Several methods including immunoassays have been used for monitoring tacrolimus levels. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of various hematological parameters on whole blood tacrolimus concentrations which were measured with two different analytical methods, namely the microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA II)
S. Halide Akbas; Sebahat Ozdem; Serkan Caglar; Murat Tuncer; Alihan Gurkan; Levent Yucetin; Yesim Senol; Alper Demirbas; Meral Gultekin; F. Fevzi Ersoy; Mustafa Akaydin
Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of Chinese striped-necked [corrected] turtle (Ocadia sinensis) blood cells and their hematologic and plasma biochemical reference values.
Hematologic analyses are useful for the monitoring of animal health and diseases and for the differentiation of physiologic processes for clinicians and conservationists. In order to establish hematology reference values for the Chinese striped-necked [corrected] turtle (Ocadia sinensis) and to produce an accurate baseline of clinical laboratory data for O. sinensis with regard to sex and season, 50 (24 males and 26 females) adult captive individuals of O. sinensis were studied. Blood samples from the jugular veins of the turtles were collected in January, April, June, and November. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance for significant (P < 0.05) variation by sex, season, and the interaction between sex and season. Significant sex differences were observed for the parameters of packed cell volume, eosinophil count, heterophils and monocytes ratio, total protein, albumin, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase. Marked seasonal variation was noted in all parameters except mean cell hemoglobin, monocytes and heterophils ratio, and creatinine. Differences between sexes and seasons were primarily associated with the reproductive cycle. Heterophils had a strong positive reaction and eosinophils had a moderate positive reaction to benzidine peroxidase stain. Thrombocytes had a positive reaction to periodic acid-Schiff stain. Surface morphologic study using scanning electron microscopy of blood cells showed that white blood cells of O. sinensis had no distinctive surface characteristics. PMID:19368243
Chung, Cheng-Shu; Cheng, Chiung-Hsiang; Chin, Shin-Chien; Lee, An-Hsing; Chi, Chau-Hwa
The Effect of Low-Level Blood Lead on Hematologic Parameters in Children
A health survey of school children living in polluted regions of eastern Germany provided us with data necessary to examine the effects of lead on the blood system at levels below current standards for blood lead content. Data collected for 797 children, aged 5–14 years, with low blood lead levels (GM, 33.3 ?g Pb\\/L; range, 7.5–239 ?g Pb\\/L) allowed us
Beate Jacob; Beate Ritz; Joachim Heinrich; Bernd Hoelscher; H.-Erich Wichmann
A Clinical and Epidemiological Study of Psoriasis and its Association with Various Biochemical Parameters in Newly Diagnosed Cases
Background: There has been a lot of recent search on consideration of psoriasis as a systemic disease, with researchers being of the view that dermatological manifestations represent only a part of the spectrum. Although, there have been plenty of studies from the west reporting an association of psoriasis with the metabolic syndrome, there are no large-scale Indian studies evaluating Asian patients. The present study is an endeavour in this regard. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Indian patients with newly diagnosed psoriasis at the onset of the disease. Methods: The study is a prospective clinical case control study, with 100 patients of psoriasis and 100 age-matched healthy controls. 5ml plain venous blood after overnight fasting was obtained by venepuncture. Plasma glucose was tested by glucose oxidase method. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides was estimated by enzymatic method. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by the presence of three or more criterion of the National Cholestrol Education Programme's Adult Panel (ATP). The statistical software SAS 9.2 and SPSS 15.0 was used for the analysis of the data. Results: Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 8 out of 100 cases and 9 out of 100 controls (p-value: 0.811). We did not find any association of psoriasis with metabolic syndrome in our study. The age of onset of the disease, the duration of the disease and the severity of the disease activity were also not found to be associated with the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Our study refuted any association of psoriasis with metabolic syndrome at the onset of disease activity in Indian patients. The plenty of reports from west approving such an association can be explained by increased risk factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and stress levels. Further, most such studies have been conducted with patients on treatment, while ours is the first study on newly diagnosed patients prior to the initiation of any therapy.
M.G., Gopal; Talwar, Ankur; Kumar B.C., Sharath; M., Ramesh; A.S., Nandini; H.B., Meena
Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Body Weight, (BP) and Biochemical Parameters in Middle Aged Hypertensive Subjects: An Observational Trial
Introduction: Ramadan fasting is a religious obligation which is practised by Muslim population all over the world. However, there is scarcity of scientific literature regarding its effects on health determinants in cardiovascular disturbances like hypertension. Objects:The present study was done to assess the (BP), body weight and serum cholesterol changes over the period of Ramadan fasting in patients with hypertension. Materails And Methods:This prospective observational trial was done on 15 hypertensive subjects who were in the age group of 35 to 65 years, who were determined to complete Ramadan fast. All subjects were on antihypertensive therapy. Outcome measures of (BP), body weight and serum cholesterol were assessed in all the subjects before and after Ramadan month. Results: Mean age of subjects was 44.6 ± 5.62 years. Systolic BP decreased from 148 ± 19.6 to 132.5 ± 17.9 mm of Hg. The decrease of 15.5 units (95% CI: 7.5 to 24.4) was statistically significant (p = 0.0009). Diastolic BP decreased from 90.4 ± 7.8 to 81.1 ± 6.3 mm of Hg. The decrease of 9.3 units (95% CI: 5.7 to 13) was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). There was statistically significant decrease in body weight from 66.6 ± 13 to 65.2 ± 12.7 kg (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in serum cholesterol from 187.3 ± 28.9 to 192.7 ± 31.3 mg% (p = 0.37). Conclusion: Hypertensive patients with continuation of their medicines showed a decrease in blood pressure and reduction in body weight at the end of Ramadan fasting duration. However there was no change found in serum cholesterol levels.
M, Salahuddin; AH, Sayed Ashfak; SR, Syed; KM, Badaam
Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Body Weight, (BP) and Biochemical Parameters in Middle Aged Hypertensive Subjects: An Observational Trial.
Introduction: Ramadan fasting is a religious obligation which is practised by Muslim population all over the world. However, there is scarcity of scientific literature regarding its effects on health determinants in cardiovascular disturbances like hypertension. Objects:The present study was done to assess the (BP), body weight and serum cholesterol changes over the period of Ramadan fasting in patients with hypertension. Materails And Methods:This prospective observational trial was done on 15 hypertensive subjects who were in the age group of 35 to 65 years, who were determined to complete Ramadan fast. All subjects were on antihypertensive therapy. Outcome measures of (BP), body weight and serum cholesterol were assessed in all the subjects before and after Ramadan month. Results: Mean age of subjects was 44.6 ± 5.62 years. Systolic BP decreased from 148 ± 19.6 to 132.5 ± 17.9 mm of Hg. The decrease of 15.5 units (95% CI: 7.5 to 24.4) was statistically significant (p = 0.0009). Diastolic BP decreased from 90.4 ± 7.8 to 81.1 ± 6.3 mm of Hg. The decrease of 9.3 units (95% CI: 5.7 to 13) was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). There was statistically significant decrease in body weight from 66.6 ± 13 to 65.2 ± 12.7 kg (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in serum cholesterol from 187.3 ± 28.9 to 192.7 ± 31.3 mg% (p = 0.37). Conclusion: Hypertensive patients with continuation of their medicines showed a decrease in blood pressure and reduction in body weight at the end of Ramadan fasting duration. However there was no change found in serum cholesterol levels. PMID:24783068
M, Salahuddin; Ah, Sayed Ashfak; Sr, Syed; Km, Badaam
Induced changes in biochemical parameters of the molluscan tissues non-infected using two potent plants molluscicides.
Effect of Capparis spinosa (C. spinosa) and Acacia arabica (A. arabica) dry powder as plant molluscicide on some glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes on snail tissues, was investigated. Lactate debydrogenase (LDH), Pyruvate Kinase (PK), Hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) as important glycolytic enzymes, were markedly manipulated by both plants when measured one day and one week post-treatment. On the other hand glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6Pase), fructose 1.6 diphosphatase (FDpase), phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) as gluconeogenic enzymes were significantly affected by the moluscicidal plants. In addition, some other parameters as glycogen, glucose, total protein, 5-nucleotidase alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as kreb's cycle enzyme were tested. As conclusion, LC25 and LC50 concentrations of C. spinosa and A. arabica might render B. alexandrina physiologically unsuitable for S. mansoni infection. PMID:15287176
Aly, Sanaa A; Aly, Hanan F; Saba-el-Rigal, Nagy; Sammour, Elham M
Blood pressure, internal carotid artery flow parameters, and age-related white matter hyperintensities.
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with hypertension. We examined interactions among blood pressure (BP), internal carotid artery (ICA) flow velocity parameters, and WMH. We obtained BP measurements from 694 community-dwelling subjects at mean ages 69.6 (±0.8) years and again at 72.6 (±0.7) years, plus brain MRI and ICA ultrasound at age 73±1 years. Diastolic and mean BP decreased and pulse pressure increased, but systolic BP did not change between 70 and 73 years. Multiple linear regression, corrected for vascular disease and risk factors, showed that WMH at the age of 73 years were associated with history of hypertension (?=0.13; P<0.001) and with BP at the age of 70 years (systolic ?=0.08, mean ?=0.09, diastolic ?=0.08; all P<0.05); similar but attenuated associations were seen for BP at the age of 73 years. Lower diastolic BP and higher pulse pressure were associated with higher ICA pulsatility index at the age 73 years (diastolic BP age 70 years: standardized ?=-0.24, P<0.001; pulse pressure age 70 years: ?=0.19, P<0.001). WMH were associated with higher ICA pulsatility index (?=0.13; P=0.002) after adjusting for BP and correction for multiple testing. Therefore, falling diastolic BP and increased pulse pressure are associated with increased ICA pulsatility index, which in turn is associated with WMH. This suggests that hypertension and WMH may either associate indirectly because hypertension increases arterial stiffness that leads to WMH over time, or coassociate through advancing age and stiffer vessels, or both. Reducing vascular stiffness may reduce WMH progression and should be tested in randomized trials, in addition to testing antihypertensive therapy. PMID:24470459
Aribisala, Benjamin S; Morris, Zoe; Eadie, Elizabeth; Thomas, Avril; Gow, Alan; Valdés Hernández, Maria C; Royle, Natalie A; Bastin, Mark E; Starr, John; Deary, Ian J; Wardlaw, Joanna M
Tomographic gated blood pool studies: The parameters for collection and reconstruction
Because of the acquisition time and data processing load problems associated with the collection and analysis of multiple gated views required to obtain cine tomographic sections, the authors attempted to document the minimum data requirement for a high quality study. An idealized study (64 views over 360/sup 0/, 32 frames per R-R interval) with an ultra high resolution collimator, and a 20% asymmetric energy window was obtained and analyzed using multiple combinations of views, frames per view, and total count. Optimal image quality was maintained while using 16 views over 180/sup 0/ (RAO 45/sup 0/ to LPO 33.75/sup 0/), 16 frames per view, and an acquisition time of 2 minutes per view which with a 25 mCi dose of Tc-99m provided approximately 10/sup 6/ counts per view. These were the parameters utilized in subsequent patient studies. Using several different types of pre and post reconstruction filtering, optimum image quality was obtained with Metz spatial and low-pass temporal domain prefiltering and a ramp reconstruction filter. As an alternative to cine display, functional images of the transverse sections based on pixel by pixel time activity curves were generated. These included ejection fraction, phase, and maximum positive and negative first derivative image sets. The overall processing time for such studies is 20 minutes with the aid of an array processor, with a patient through-put time of 45 minutes. The authors conclude that good quality gated blood pool studies can be acquired in a clinically acceptable time frame. However, there persists a significant problem with data storage, handling and image interpretation.
Doherty, P.W.; King, M.A.; Schwinger, R.B.
Effect of Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides on the hematological and biochemical parameters and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila in allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio).
The effect of dietary intake of Coriolus versicolor Polysaccharides (CVP) on the hematological and biochemical indices of Allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated. Fish were fed CVP supplemented diets (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 g CVP kg(-1)) for 56 days. The RBC, WBC counts, hemoglobin content, ESR in blood and TP, ALT, AST, ALP, GLU, CHO, TG, and BUN in serum were measured on day 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. After feeding of 56 days, fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalities were recorded. The results indicated that feeding crucian carp with suitable dose of CVP enhanced the RBC, WBC counts, hemoglobin and TP content, ALP activity, and decreased the ESR, ALT, AST, GLU, CHO, TG and BUN. There was no effect in fish at low dose (0.25 g kg(-1)). Unexpectedly, the higher CVP dose used here (2.0 and 4.0 g kg(-1)) has a negative effect in fish. The results of challenge experiment indicated that a moderate level of CVP in the diet (1.0 g kg(-1)) was the most effective to enhance the survival of fish after infected with A. hydrophila. In summary, the use of CVP, as dietary supplements, can improve the innate defense of crucian carp providing resistance to pathogens. PMID:22791194
Wu, Zhi-xin; Pang, Su-feng; Chen, Xiao-xuan; Yu, Yan-mei; Zhou, Jin-min; Chen, Xi; Pang, Li-jiao
Biochemical Parameters for Longitudinal Monitoring of Liver Function in Rat Models of Partial Hepatectomy Following Liver Injury
Background While evaluation of liver function in preclinical animal studies is commonly performed at selected time-points by invasive determination of the liver/body weight ratio and histological analyses, the validation of longitudinal measurement tools for monitoring liver function are of major interest. Aims To longitudinally evaluate serum cholinesterase (CHE) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels as non-invasive markers to determine injury- and partial hepatectomy (PHx)-induced alterations of liver function in rats. Methods Male and female Lewis rats were subjected to either methionine/choline deficient (MCD) diet or treatment with FOLFOX chemotherapy prior to PHx. Body weight and CHE/TSB levels are determined weekly. Following PHx and at the study end, histological analyses of liver tissue are performed. Results Following MCD diet, but not after FOLFOX chemotherapy treatment, results indicate gender-specific alterations in serum CHE levels and gender-independent alterations in TSB levels. Likewise, histological analyses of resected liver parts indicate significant liver injury following MCD-diet, but not following FOLFOX treatment. While TSB levels rapidly recover following MCD diet/FOLFOX treatment combined with a PHx, serum CHE levels are subject to significant model- and gender-specific differences, despite full histopathological recovery of liver tissue. Conclusions Longitudinal measurements of serum CHE levels and TSB levels in rats are highly complementary as non-invasive parameters for evaluation of liver injury and/or recovery.
Boeykens, Nele; Ponsaerts, Peter; Ysebaert, Dirk; De Greef, Kathleen
Integrated assessment of water quality of the Costa da Morte (Galicia, NW Spain) by means of mussel chemical, biochemical and physiological parameters.
The aim of this study was to assess environmental quality at some of the sites most severely affected by the Prestige oil spill off 2 years after the spillage (April and November 2004). For this purpose analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and several biochemical (antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and DT-diaphorase and lipid peroxidation) and physiological [scope for growth (SFG)] biomarkers were determined on wild mussel populations (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected at four points along the Costa da Morte and compared with those of a reference site not affected by the oil spill. Results showed that PAH contents had markedly decreased 17 months after the accident, although they were higher in April than in November, when they showed values similar to background levels reported for this area. Nevertheless, the predominance of chrysene on PAH profiles, similarly to findings obtained immediately after the spill, indicated the Prestige as their main source. In spite of the low PAH levels recorded, antioxidant activity levels (explained through the integrated antioxidant response-IAR) were higher in the Costa da Morte than at the reference site either in April and November. In April IAR seems to be related to PAH levels found 3 months after the accident (February 2003), suggesting the persistence in the environment of oxidative stress-producing components from the spill. However, evidence of oxidative stress was not reflected at physiological level by scope for growth, with only very slight differences being observed between values from the reference site and those from Costa da Morte sites. In conclusion, although 2 years after the spill PAHs bioaccumulated by mussels from the Costa da Morte had decreased to background levels, biochemical parameters showed signals of oxidative stress in mussels from this area. However, SFG reflected a good health status for the mussel populations studied and did not reveal evidence of physiological disturbance either 17 or 24 months after the Prestige spill. PMID:20033486
Fernández, Beatriz; Albentosa, Marina; Vińas, Lucía; Franco, Angeles; González, Juan J; Campillo, Juan A
Chronic supplementation of creatine and vitamins C and E increases survival and improves biochemical parameters after Doxorubicin treatment in rats.
1. Doxorubicin is an anti-cancer drug with well-described effects against a wide range of tumours. However, doxorubicin also exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic supplementation of creatine or a mix of vitamins C and E could increase survival and improve plasma parameters 48 h after doxorubicin treatment. 2. Rats were divided into four groups: (i) saline (control); (ii) doxorubicin treated; (iii) a creatine (0.2 g/kg per day)-supplemented group; and (iv) a vitamin C (250 mg/kg per day) and E (400 IU/kg per day)-supplemented group. After 30 days supplementation of rats with either creatine or the vitamins, one dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered. 3. There was no difference in weight loss among the groups until the 3rd day after doxorubicin treatment, but the creatine- and vitamin-supplemented groups lived longer compared with the doxorubicin only treated group (6, 7 and 3 days, respectively). The doxorubicin-treated group lost 13.4% bodyweight over 3 days, whereas the creatine- and vitamin-supplemented groups lost approximately 35% 3 days after the administration of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT; P < 0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; P < 0.05), urea (P < 0.05) and creatinine (P < 0.05) compared with levels observed in the control group. Conversely, creatine supplementation promoted a partial return to control values for LDH (P < 0.05) and creatinine (P < 0.05), whereas the vitamin mix reversed the changes in ALT (P < 0.05), LDH (P < 0.05), urea (P < 0.05) and creatinine (P < 0.05). 4. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that the two supplementation protocols decreased the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin and that a protective effect was more noticeable in animals supplemented with the mixture of vitamins C and E. PMID:17973871
Santos, Ronaldo V T; Batista, Miguel L; Caperuto, Erico C; Costa Rosa, Luis Fbp
Age-Related Reference Intervals of the Main Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in C57BL/6J, 129SV/EV and C3H/HeJ Mouse Strains
Background Although the mouse is the animal model most widely used to study the pathogenesis and treatment of human diseases, reference values for biochemical parameters are scanty or lacking for the most frequently used strains. We therefore evaluated these parameters in the C57BL/6J, 129SV/EV and C3H/HeJ mice. Methodology/Principal Findings We measured by dry chemistry 26 analytes relative to electrolyte balance, lipoprotein metabolism, and muscle/heart, liver, kidney and pancreas functions, and by automated blood counter 5 hematological parameters in 30 animals (15 male and 15 female) of each mouse strain at three age ranges: 1–2 months, 3–8 months and 9–12 months. Whole blood was collected from the retro-orbital sinus. We used quality control procedures to investigate analytical imprecision and inaccuracy. Reference values were calculated by non parametric methods (median and 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles). The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for between-group comparisons. Median levels of GLU, LDH, Chol and BUN were higher, and LPS, AST, ALP and CHE were lower in males than in females (p range: 0.05–0.001). Inter-strain differences were observed for: (1) GLU, t-Bil, K+, Ca++, PO4? (p<0.05) and for TAG, Chol, AST, Fe++ (p<0.001) in 4–8 month-old animals; (2) for CK, Crea, Mg++, Na++, K+, Cl? (p<0.05) and BUN (p<0.001) in 2- and in 10–12 month-old mice; and (3) for WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT and PLT (p<0.05) during the 1 year life span. Conclusion/Significance Our results indicate that metabolic variations in C57BL/6J, 129SV/EV and C3H/HeJ mice after therapeutic intervention should be evaluated against gender- and age-dependent reference intervals.
Mazzaccara, Cristina; Labruna, Giuseppe; Cito, Gennaro; Scarfo, Marzia; De Felice, Mario; Pastore, Lucio; Sacchetti, Lucia
Misleading biochemical laboratory test results
This article reviews the general and specific factors that interfere with the performance of common biochemical laboratory tests and the interpretation of their results. The clinical status of the patient, drug interactions, and in-vivo and in-vitro biochemical interactions and changes may alter the results obtained from biochemical analysis of blood constituents. Failure to recognize invalid laboratory test results may lead to injudicious and dangerous management of patients.
Nanji, Amin A.
Influence of the quality and quantity of blood ingested on reproductive parameters and life-span in Triatoma infestans (Klug).
In Triatominae, female fecundity and fertility may be affected by age, adult nutritional status (i.e., blood meal source and amount of blood ingested) and number of matings. Triatoma infestans (Klug) is the main vector of Chagas disease in southern South America and considering that reproductive success is intimately associated with the potential for colonizing or re-colonizing new ecotopes in endemic areas, we studied whether the blood meal source and the amount of blood ingested have influence on reproductive parameters. We constitute two groups: couples feeding regularly on guinea pigs and couples feeding regularly on pigeons. We registered quantity of blood ingested, fecundity, fertility, number of matings, days between the first feeding and mating, copula initiation, oviposition initiation and adult life-span. Results showed that females that fed on guinea pigs exhibited high fecundity and fertility, higher number of matings and they needed a lower amount of blood to form an egg. The number of matings and fecundity increased linearly and significantly with the quantity of blood ingested for both meal sources. Results from lineal regression between life-span and fecundity showed a positive and significant relation for both meal sources. The number of matings showed a positive relation with fecundity for both meal sources but significant only for guinea pigs. In T. infestans, the quantity of blood ingested could be a determinant of their reproductive efficiency. This species is mainly adapted to human dwelling and peridomestic structures where there is low host diversity. Considering that this species is in contact with mammals over other food sources, a greater reproductive success may result from an adaptation to this environment. PMID:21672510
Nattero, Julieta; Leonhard, Gustavo; Rodríguez, Claudia S; Crocco, Liliana
Blood parameters and metabolites in the teleost fish Colossoma macropomum exposed to sulfide or hypoxia.
Juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, were exposed to sulfide and hypoxia for 12, 24, 48 and 96 h. Hemoglobin concentrations, red blood cell counts, and mean cell hemoglobin, were higher at 12 h in fish exposed to hypoxia. However, control fish and those exposed to sulfide and hypoxia had lower red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit at 96 h. Methemoglobin was higher than in the controls, probably due to the hypoxemia induced by these stressors. Sulfhemoglobin was not detected in significant amounts in the blood of fish exposed to sulfide (in vivo), yet hemoglobin converted into sulfhemoglobin at 1-15 mM sulfide in vitro. Anaerobic metabolism seemed to be an important mechanism for adapting to sulfide exposure and blood pH returned to control values after 24 h of sulfide, preventing acidosis. The high sulfide tolerance in tambaqui is associated with its high tolerance to hypoxia. PMID:12379422
Affonso, E G; Polez, V L P; Corręa, C F; Mazon, A F; Araújo, M R R; Moraes, G; Rantin, F T
Correlations of blood selenium with hematological parameters in West German Adults
The serum selenium and the whole blood selenium of 72 healthy persons (47 women, 25 men) was determined. There exist sex specific\\u000a differences of the whole blood selenium between men (98±19 ?g Se\\/L) and women (89±17 ?g Se\\/L). The serum selenium did not\\u000a show sex specific differences, but sex specific differences are found if the total amount of extracellular selenium
O. Oster; G. Schmiedel; W. Prellwitz
In vitro parameters of cryopreserved leucodepleted and non-leucodepleted red blood cells collected by apheresis or from whole blood and stored in AS-3 for 21 days after thawing
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro quality of cryopreserved red blood cells obtained from different sources with or without leucodepletion and stored at 4±2 °C in AS-3 for up to 21 days. Materials and methods Red blood cells were collected by four methods: double erythrocytapheresis, whole blood collection with buffy coat removal, double erythrocytapheresis with in-line leucofiltration, or whole blood collection with in-line leucofiltration. All four types of red blood cells were frozen in 40% glycerol after collection and stored at a temperature below ?65 °C for at least 30 days, thawed, deglycerolised and subsequently reconstituted in AS-3. The in vitro haematological and biochemical properties of the thawed red blood cells were tested on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 after deglycerolisation and reconstitution. Results Overall, 72 units were processed. Leucodepletion of cryopreserved red blood cells units reduced haemolysis, lowered ammonia concentration, preserved pH and osmolality and led to sustained higher concentrations of ATP. In contrast, the source of red blood cells (apheresis or whole blood) did not affect their quality. Discussion The quality of all investigated red blood cells units was the same as or even better than that of erythrocytes obtained from double erythrocytapheresis with a 24-hour survival of at least 86% after up to 3 weeks of storage in AS-3.
Bohonek, Milos; Petras, Marek; Turek, Ivo; Urbanova, Jaroslava; Hradek, Tomas; Staroprazska, Vera; Kostirova, Jitka; Horcickova, Dana; Duchkova, Simona
Organohalogen contaminants and Blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters in three colonies of North Atlantic Great skua (Stercorarius skua).
The present study compares blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters (BCCPs) in birds from three geographically distinct North Atlantic Great skua (Stercorarius skua) colonies. Birds from these sites bioaccumulate different POP (persistent organic pollutant) concentrations and that enabled us to compare Great skua BCCPs in different exposure scenarios. Persistent organic pollutants (organochlorines: PCB, DDT, chlordanes, HCB, HCH, mirex and brominated flame retardants: PBDEs) and nineteen BCCPs were analysed in 114 adult Great skuas sampled during summer 2009 in North Atlantic colonies at Bjřrnřya (n=42), Iceland (n=57) and Shetland (n=15). Specimens from Bjřrnřya had the highest blood plasma concentrations of all contaminant groups followed by Iceland and Shetland birds, respectively (ANOVA: p<0.05). Most of the 19 BCCP parameters followed the pattern of colony differences found for contaminants, with Bjřrnřya having the highest concentrations. However seven BCCPs, the three liver enzymes ALKP, ALAT and GGT as well as bile acids, cholesterol, sodium and potassium, did not differ between colonies (ANOVA: p>0.05). Therefore correlation analyses of these seven BCCPs vs. POPs were done on the combined colony data while the analyses of the remaining 12 BCCPs were carried out for each colony separately. The analyses of combined colony data showed that the blood plasma concentration of liver enzymes ALAT and GGT increased with increasing concentrations of ?PBDE and ?HCH, HCB and ?CHL, respectively (all Pearson's p<0.05). In Great skuas from Shetland, the important osmotic transport protein albumin increased with increasing concentrations of ?PCB and ?DDT, while total blood plasma protein increased with ?PCB, ?DDT, ?HCH and HCB concentrations (all Pearson's p<0.05). In both Bjřrnřya and Iceland skuas, blood plasma pancreatic enzyme amylase decreased with increasing ?HCH concentrations while the erythrocyte waste product total bilirubin in blood plasma increased with increasing ?HCH and ?PBDE concentrations in Iceland Great skuas (all Pearson's p<0.05). In Bjřrnřya birds, blood plasma urea from protein metabolism (reflects kidney function) increased with increasing ?PBDE concentrations (Pearson's p<0.05). Furthermore, a redundancy analysis showed that 10.6% of the variations in BCCPs could be explained by the variations in POP concentrations. Based on these results we suggest that liver and renal functions could be negatively affected by different POP compounds. It is, however, uncertain if the colony BCCP differences and their relationship to POP concentrations reflect health effects that could have an overall impact on the populations via reduced survival and reproduction parameters. PMID:23537726
Sonne, Christian; Rigét, Frank F; Leat, Eliza H K; Bourgeon, Sophie; Borgĺ, Katrine; Strřm, Hallvard; Hanssen, Sveinn A; Gabrielsen, Geir W; Petersen, Aevar; Olafsdottir, Kristin; Magnusdottir, Ellen; Bustnes, Jan O; Furness, Robert W; Kjelgaard-Hansen, Mads
The effect of leaf-level spatial variability in photosynthetic capacity on biochemical parameter estimates using the Farquhar model: a theoretical analysis.
Application of the widely used Farquhar model of photosynthesis in interpretation of gas exchange data assumes that photosynthetic properties are homogeneous throughout the leaf. Previous studies showed that heterogeneity in stomatal conductance (g(s)) across a leaf could affect the shape of the measured leaf photosynthetic CO(2) uptake rate (A) versus intercellular CO(2) concentration (C(i)) response curve and, in turn, estimation of the critical biochemical parameters of this model. These are the maximum rates of carboxylation (V(c,max)), whole-chain electron transport (J(max)), and triose-P utilization (V(TPU)). The effects of spatial variation in V(c,max,) J(max), and V(TPU) on estimation of leaf averages of these parameters from A-C(i) curves measured on a whole leaf have not been investigated. A mathematical model incorporating defined degrees of spatial variability in V(c,max) and J(max) was constructed. One hundred and ten theoretical leaves were simulated, each with the same average V(c,max) and J(max), but different coefficients of variation of the mean (CV(VJ)) and varying correlation between V(c,max) and J(max) (Omega). Additionally, the interaction of variation in V(c,max) and J(max) with heterogeneity in V(TPU), g(s), and light gradients within the leaf was also investigated. Transition from V(c,max)- to J(max)-limited photosynthesis in the A-C(i) curve was smooth in the most heterogeneous leaves, in contrast to a distinct inflection in the absence of heterogeneity. Spatial variability had little effect on the accuracy of estimation of V(c,max) and J(max) from A-C(i) curves when the two varied in concert (Omega = 1.0), but resulted in underestimation of both parameters when they varied independently (up to 12.5% in V(c,max) and 17.7% in J(max) at CV(VJ) = 50%; Omega = 0.3). Heterogeneity in V(TPU) also significantly affected parameter estimates, but effects of heterogeneity in g(s) or light gradients were comparatively small. If V(c,max) and J(max) derived from such heterogeneous leaves are used in models to project leaf photosynthesis, actual A is overestimated by up to 12% at the transition between V(c,max)- and J(max)-limited photosynthesis. This could have implications for both crop production and Earth system models, including projections of the effects of atmospheric change. PMID:18715955
Chen, Charles P; Zhu, Xin-Guang; Long, Stephen P
The Effect of Leaf-Level Spatial Variability in Photosynthetic Capacity on Biochemical Parameter Estimates Using the Farquhar Model: A Theoretical Analysis1[W][OA
Application of the widely used Farquhar model of photosynthesis in interpretation of gas exchange data assumes that photosynthetic properties are homogeneous throughout the leaf. Previous studies showed that heterogeneity in stomatal conductance (gs) across a leaf could affect the shape of the measured leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake rate (A) versus intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) response curve and, in turn, estimation of the critical biochemical parameters of this model. These are the maximum rates of carboxylation (Vc,max), whole-chain electron transport (Jmax), and triose-P utilization (VTPU). The effects of spatial variation in Vc,max, Jmax, and VTPU on estimation of leaf averages of these parameters from A-Ci curves measured on a whole leaf have not been investigated. A mathematical model incorporating defined degrees of spatial variability in Vc,max and Jmax was constructed. One hundred and ten theoretical leaves were simulated, each with the same average Vc,max and Jmax, but different coefficients of variation of the mean (CVVJ) and varying correlation between Vc,max and Jmax (?). Additionally, the interaction of variation in Vc,max and Jmax with heterogeneity in VTPU, gs, and light gradients within the leaf was also investigated. Transition from Vc,max- to Jmax-limited photosynthesis in the A-Ci curve was smooth in the most heterogeneous leaves, in contrast to a distinct inflection in the absence of heterogeneity. Spatial variability had little effect on the accuracy of estimation of Vc,max and Jmax from A-Ci curves when the two varied in concert (? = 1.0), but resulted in underestimation of both parameters when they varied independently (up to 12.5% in Vc,max and 17.7% in Jmax at CVVJ = 50%; ? = 0.3). Heterogeneity in VTPU also significantly affected parameter estimates, but effects of heterogeneity in gs or light gradients were comparatively small. If Vc,max and Jmax derived from such heterogeneous leaves are used in models to project leaf photosynthesis, actual A is overestimated by up to 12% at the transition between Vc,max- and Jmax-limited photosynthesis. This could have implications for both crop production and Earth system models, including projections of the effects of atmospheric change.
Chen, Charles P.; Zhu, Xin-Guang; Long, Stephen P.
Effect of vitamins, probiotics and protein level on semen traits and seminal plasma biochemical parameters of post-moult male broiler breeders.
1. A study was designed to investigate the comparative effect of supplementary vitamin E, vitamin C, probiotics and dietary crude protein concentration on semen traits and seminal plasma biochemical parameters in male broiler breeders after Zn-induced moulting. 2. A total of 180 male broiler breeders were induced to moult at 65 weeks of age by mixing ZnO in diet at the rate 3000?mg/kg of feed. After moulting, the males were divided into six groups that were given feed supplemented with: vitamin C (500?IU/kg), vitamin E (100?IU/kg), protein (140?g CP/kg), probiotics (50?mg/kg) and the combination of these components, while one group was kept as a control. Semen samples were collected weekly and semen volume, spermatozoa concentration, motility and dead spermatozoa percentage were determined. Seminal plasma was separated to determine the concentration of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), homocysteine, paraoxonase (PON1), arylesterase, ceruloplasmin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. 3. Semen volume was significantly higher in the vitamin E and C groups compared to the control. Spermatozoa motility was higher in the vitamin E group and dead spermatozoa percentage was significantly lower in the vitamin C group compared with the control group. 4. Seminal plasma TAC was higher in the vitamin E group, homocysteine was lower in the vitamin C and E groups. PON1 was higher in the combination group. Arylesterase increased significantly in the vitamin C and combination groups over time. Seminal plasma AST was significantly lower in the vitamin C and E supplemented groups whereas ALT decreased significantly only in the vitamin E group compared with the control. Higher concentrations of ceruloplasmin were observed in the combination group compared with the other treatments. 5. It was concluded that additional vitamin E and C or their combination was the most potent nutrient treatment for improving the semen traits and seminal plasma biochemical characteristics in male broiler breeders after Zn-induced moulting. PMID:23444861
Khan, R U; Rahman, Z U; Javed, I; Muhammad, F
Blood was removed from ten adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) on a sequential (7 days) weekly (4 weeks) and monthly (1 month) schedule and analyzed for hematocrit, plasma protein, acid phosphatase (AP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Of the parame...
Influence of melatonin receptor signalling on parameters involved in blood glucose regulation.
The pineal hormone melatonin is known to influence insulin secretion via the G-protein-coupled receptor isoforms MT1 and MT2. The present study was aimed to further elucide the impact of melatonin on blood glucose regulation. To this end, mouse lines were used, in which one of the two or both melatonin receptors were deleted. In comparison with wild-type mice of the same age (8-12 months old), increased plasma insulin and melatonin levels and decreased blood glucose levels and body weights were detected in the MT1- and double-knockout lines. The elimination of melatonin receptor signalling also altered blood glucose concentrations, body weight and melatonin and insulin levels when comparing wild-type and receptor knockout mice of different ages (6 wk and 8-12 months old); such changes, however, were dependent on the type of receptor deleted. Furthermore, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results provided evidence that melatonin receptor deficiency has an impact on transcript levels of pancreatic islet hormones as well as on pancreatic and hepatic glucose transporters (Glut1 and 2). Under stimulated insulin secretion in the presence of melatonin in the rat insulinoma ?-cells INS-1, the Glut1 transcript level was decreased. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that melatonin receptor knockout types affect blood glucose levels, body weight, plasma levels of melatonin and insulin, as well as pancreatic hormone and Glut1 expression in significantly different manners. PMID:24117965
Bazwinsky-Wutschke, Ivonne; Bieseke, Lars; Mühlbauer, Eckhard; Peschke, Elmar
Comparison of Total Antioxidant Capacity Oxidative Stress and Blood Lipoprotein Parameters in Volleyball Players and Sedentary
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This study aims to measure, then compare sedentary blood lipoproteins, oxidant- antioxidant state and oxidative stress index in volleyball players. The experimental group of the research consists of regularly practising 20 boys between the ages of 12 and 17, and the control group comprises 32 children practising no particular sports branch, 12 of…
Gokhan, Ismail
Hydro-Methanolic Extract of Cornus Mas L. and Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile and Hematological Parameters of Male Rats
Background: Cornus mas L, an olive-shaped red-colored single-seeded fruit, is used in traditional medicine in different parts of Europe and Asia. Objectives: In the present study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, and the effects of 21 days of intraperitoneally (IP) administration of 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of C. mas hydro-methanolic extract on the rats hematological and biochemical parameters were investigated. The experimental study was carried out in Tabriz, Iran. Materials and Methods: The hematology and biochemical tests were performed by the Technicon H1 Hematology Analyzer and enzymatic methods, respectively. Results: The results indicated that all doses of the extract caused significant (P < 0.05) decreases in the hemoglobin distribution width (HDW) (2.3 ± 0.2 vs. 2.5 ± 0.2, P = 0.049) and platelet distribution width (PDW) (56.5 ± 1.8 vs. 63.9 ± 3.6, P = 0.001) of the treated groups vs. control group, whereas only high doses caused significant elevation in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (30.3 ± 0.8 vs. 28.6 ± 0.6, P = 0.047), mean platelet volume (MPV) (5.0 ± 0.6 vs. 4.1 ± 0.3, P = 0.002), total platelet mass (PCT) (0.33 ± 0.07 vs. 0.26 ± 0.01, P = 0.050), and significant decrease in the red cell distribution width (RDW) (13.8 ± 0.4 vs. 14.7 ± 1.3, P = 0.048) of the treated groups vs. control group. Conclusions: Decreasing effect of the extract on platelet activity might classify it as an alternative for antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The results of this study suggested that further investigations with higher doses of C. mas fruit extract are necessary to obtain significant protective and nonprotective changes in hematological and biochemical parameters.
Abdollahi, Bita; Mesgari Abbasi, Mehran; Zakeri Milani, Parvin; Nourdadgar, Ashraf Sadat; Banan Khojasteh, Seyyed Mehdi; Nejati, Vahid
Assessment of Red Blood Cell Parameters and Peripheral Smear at Different Temperatures in Case of Cold Agglutination Disease
Cold agglutination disease (CAD) is characterized by an auto-antibody which is able to agglutinate red blood cells (RBCs) at temperatures lower than that of the body, and subsequently to activate the complement system responsible for lysis of RBCs. Patients show hemolytic anemia of varying degrees of severity, which arise or worsen upon exposure to low temperatures. We describe a case who presented with fever and symptoms of asthenia. His investigations yielded bizarre RBC parameters which led to suspicion of a rare CAD, which was confirmed on reviewing RBC parameters, peripheral smear and direct Coomb's test at different temperatures. Hence, we suggest assessment of bizarre RBC parameters and peripheral smear can help in laboratory testing and diagnosis of CAD. It should also not pose embarrassment in laboratory testing to the pathologist for making an early and accurate diagnosis, thus emphasizing the need for an early treatment of CAD.
Gupta, V
Dried blood spots and sparse sampling: a practical approach to estimating pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine in preterm infants
Aims Dried blood spots (DBS) alongside micro?analytical techniques are a potential solution to the challenges of performing pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in children. However, DBS methods have received little formal evaluation in clinical settings relevant to children. The aim of the present study was to determine a PK model for caffeine using a 'DBS/microvolume platform' in preterm infants. Methods DBS samples were collected prospectively from premature babies receiving caffeine for treatment of apnoea of prematurity. A non?linear mixed effects approach was used to develop a population PK model from measured DBS caffeine concentrations. Caffeine PK parameter estimates based on DBS data were then compared with plasma estimates for agreement. Results Three hundred and thirty?eight DBS cards for caffeine measurement were collected from 67 preterm infants (birth weight 0.6–2.11?kg). 88% of cards obtained were of acceptable quality and no child had more than 10 DBS samples or more than 0.5?ml of blood taken over the study period. There was good agreement between PK parameters estimated using caffeine concentrations from DBS samples (CL = 7.3?ml?h?1?kg?1; V = 593?ml?kg?1; t1/2 = 57?h) and historical caffeine PK parameter estimates based on plasma samples (CL = 4.9–7.9?ml?h?1?kg?1; V = 640–970?ml?kg?1; t1/2 = 101–144?h). We also found that changes in blood haematocrit may significantly confound estimates of caffeine PK parameters based on DBS data. Conclusions This study demonstrates that DBS methods can be applied to PK studies in a vulnerable population group and are a practical alternative to wet matrix sampling techniques.
Patel, Parul; Mulla, Hussain; Kairamkonda, Venkatesh; Spooner, Neil; Gade, Sonya; Della Pasqua, Oscar; Field, David J.; Pandya, Hitesh C.
Effect of Endothelin and BQ123 on Ocular Blood Flow Parameters in Healthy Subjects
PURPOSE. To characterize the role of the endothelin system in the blood flow control of the optic nerve head and of the choroid in humans. METHODS. Two studies were performed in healthy subjects. Study 1 was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked, balanced, two-way crossover design and study 2 a three way- way crossover design. In study 1 twelve healthy male subjects
Kaija Polak; Vanessa Petternel; Alexandra Luksch; Joachim Krohn; Oliver Findl; Elzbieta Polska; Leopold Schmetterer
Lupeol supplementation improves blood pressure and lipid metabolism parameters in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Supplementation with lupeol (0.67 g·kg(-1)) of the AIN-93M-based diet fed for 7 weeks to stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats caused significantly decreased blood pressure as compared with a control group. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine was significantly lower in the lupeol group. Finally, lupeol suppressed the hepatic mRNA expression levels of the genes involved in triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis. PMID:22232260
Ardiansyah; Yamaguchi, Eri; Shirakawa, Hitoshi; Hata, Keishi; Hiwatashi, Kazuyuki; Ohinata, Kousaku; Goto, Tomoko; Komai, Michio
Detection of probable effects of microwave exposure of blood parameters of RBC, PCV and Hb in rat.
The aim of this preliminary investigation was to assess the probable effects of microwave exposure on Hematological parameters of RBC (Red Blood Cell), PCV (Packed Cell Volume) and Hb (Hemoglobin) in rats. For this study 80 Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 2450 MHZ microwave field for a period of one year. The experiment groups were divided to 5 groups, each 16 (8 males and 8 female), 4 for treatment and one, for control (D, E, F, G and H). The incident power density of the first two experiment groups was 1 mW m(-2) and for next two groups, was 10 mW cm(-2). The daily exposure time was 5 min for groups F and G and 30 min for groups, D and F. The animals in control group (H) were under normal condition without any microwave exposure. In the end of the study the blood samples were taken from the heart of animals under ether anesthesia and determination of blood parameters were performed by cell counter auto analyzer. According to the statistical results, the level of RBC in male groups of F and G and percentage of PCV in female and male groups of F and content of Hb, in female groups of F, were significantly increased in comparison to the control group and variation of results in other groups were not significant. PMID:19093535
Esfahani, M Sedehi; Radmehr, B; Kohbodi, A
Relationships between organohalogen contaminants and blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters in chicks of three raptor species from Northern Norway.
Organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) may affect various physiological parameters in birds including blood chemistry. We therefore examined blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters and OHCs in golden eagle, white-tailed eagle and goshawk chicks from Northern Norway. Correlation analyses on pooled data showed that alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), glucose and creatinine were significantly negatively correlated to various OHCs (all: p<0.05; r: -0.43 to -0.55; n=23), while alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), total protein, cholesterol, uric acid, total bilirubin, ratios protein:creatinine and uric acid:creatinine were significantly positively correlated to various OHCs (all: p<0.05; r: 0.43-0.96). Based on these relationships, we suggest that the OHC concentrations found in certain raptor chicks of Northern Scandinavia may impact blood plasma biochemistry in a way that indicates impacts on liver, kidney, bone, endocrinology and metabolism. In order to elaborate further on these relationships and mechanisms, we recommend that a larger study should take place in the near future. PMID:19800686
Sonne, Christian; Bustnes, Jan Ove; Herzke, Dorte; Jaspers, Veerle L B; Covaci, Adrian; Halley, Duncan J; Moum, Truls; Eulaers, Igor; Eens, Marcel; Ims, Rolf A; Hanssen, Sveinn A; Einar Erikstad, Kjell; Johnsen, Trond; Schnug, Lisbeth; Rigét, Frank F; Jensen, Asger L
Correlations between cerebral blood flow variations and clinical parameters in temporal lobe epilepsy: an interictal study.
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements were determined by the intravenous Xenon 133 technique in 80 patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy. All the patients had a normal CT scan. Three subgroups were differentiated, according to EEG and all-night polygraphic recordings: temporal lobe epilepsy with left (N = 25) or right (N = 25) EEG epileptic abnormalities and temporal lobe epilepsy with EEG abnormalities in both temporal regions with asynchronous occurrence (n = 30). In comparison with a control group (n = 20), there was (1) a marked reduction of blood flow in the temporal region corresponding to the site of the epileptic focus and (2) a reduction in blood flow in distant brain areas and the contralateral hemisphere. The rCBF decrease was highly correlated (p less than 0.001) with the disease severity (taking into account the complex partial seizure frequency and the number of secondary generalised seizures). Differences were found in the rCBF decrease between left and right temporal lobe epilepsy.
Valmier, J; Touchon, J; Daures, P; Zanca, M; Baldy-Moulinier, M
[Changes of peripheral blood parameters in aerobic dance instructors after aerobic dance instruction].
To investigate the biological load of aerobic dance instruction on the body, a blood biological study was performed on 13 female instructors. The values were compared with 10 female healthy controls. The results obtained were as follows. 1. A significant negative correlation was observed between the total experience of aerobic dancing (in years) and the levels of serum phospholipids. In addition, the numbers of white blood cells and the levels of serum phospholipids, lipoperoxide, uric acid and creatinine were significantly related to aerobic dance instruction time (years). 2. The levels of serum CPK, aldolase, GOT, BUN and creatinine in the aerobic dance instructors were significantly higher than those in the controls. 3. The levels of serum CPK, uric acid, BUN, creatinine and Ca increased significantly after an intermediate class lesson (about 60 minutes). In addition, the numbers of white blood cells also increased after the lesson, but not significantly. Moreover, Significant decreases of the mean corpuscular volume and serum Mg were observed after the lesson. PMID:1749108
Inaba, R; Lanphere, C; Fujita, S; Komura, Y; Iwata, H; Matsuda, Y; Kajima, K; Tanaka, S
Evaluation of Blood Pressure Control using a New Arterial Stiffness Parameter, Cardio-ankle Vascular Index (CAVI)
Arterial stiffness has been known to be a surrogate marker of arteriosclerosis, and also of vascular function. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) had been the most popular index and was known to be a predictor of cardiovascular events. But, it depends on blood pressure at measuring time. To overcome this problem, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is developed. CAVI is derived from stiffness parameter ? by Hayashi, and the equation of Bramwell-Hill, and is independent from blood pressure at a measuring time. Then, CAVI might reflect the proper change of arterial wall by antihypertensive agents. CAVI shows high value with aging and in many arteriosclerotic diseases and is also high in persons with main coronary risk factors. Furthermore, CAVI is decreased by an administration of ?1 blocker, doxazosin for 2-4 hours, Those results suggested that CAVI reflected the arterial stiffness composed of organic components and of smooth muscle cell contracture. Angiotensin II receptor blocker, olmesartan decreased CAVI much more than that of calcium channel antagonist, amlodipine, even though the rates of decreased blood pressure were almost same. CAVI might differentiate the blood pressure-lowering agents from the point of the effects on proper arterial stiffness. This paper reviewed the principle and rationale of CAVI, and the possibilities of clinical applications, especially in the studies of hypertension.
Shirai, Kohji; Utino, Junji; Saiki, Atsuhito; Endo, Kei; Ohira, Masahiro; Nagayama, Daiji; Tatsuno, Ichiro; Shimizu, Kazuhiro; Takahashi, Mao; Takahara, Akira
The possible effect of diets containing Nigella sativa and Thymus vulgaris on blood parameters and some organs structure in rabbit.
Because of the increasing cost of animal feed ingredients as well as the high demand, especially for the protein supplements, several efforts were carried out to use untraditional feed protein ingredients to participate in facing feed shortage problem and at the same time to decrease feeding costs. Nigella sativa (black cumin) and Thymus vulgaris are the most famous medical plants that have attracted the attention of many investigators for long time. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of a partial replacement of soybean meal in control diet by Nigella sativa and/or Thymus vulgaris on the possible harmful changes in histological structure of some organs and blood parameters in growing New Zealand White rabbits. Blood constituents showed that the percentages of hemoglobin, hematocrate, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin and white blood cells (WBCs) count were significantly increased with the presence of black cumin seeds in the diets while WBCs count and the mean corpuscular volume in rabbit blood tends to decrease in Thymus vulgaris diets. Feeding diet supplemented with Nigella sativa increased the plasma total proteins, albumin, globulin, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and decreased total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides. The use of Nigella sativa alone or either mixture with Thymus vulgaris are good supplements for growing rabbits without any adverse effect on histological structure of liver, kidney and testis in rabbits. PMID:20823051
Tousson, Ehab; El-Moghazy, Mostafa; El-Atrsh, Efaf
Effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C and vitamin e and their combination on growth performance, some biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers.
This study investigated effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers. A total of 240, 1-day-old, broilers were assigned to eight groups with three replicates of 10 chicks each. The groups were fed on the following diets: control (basal diet), vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin C + vitamin E (250 mg/kg?+?250 mg/kg diet), and copper (300 mg/kg diet) alone or in combination with the corresponding vitamins. At the 6th week, the body weights of broilers were decreased in copper, copper + vitamin E, and copper + vitamin C + vitamin E groups compared to control. The feed conversion ratio was poor in copper group. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, iron, copper concentrations, and erythrocyte malondialdehyde were increased; plasma vitamin A and C concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase were decreased in copper group compared to control. Glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and iron levels were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and copper levels were decreased in copper + vitamin C group, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin E concentrations were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in copper with vitamin E group compared to copper group. The vitamin C concentrations were increased; copper, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde were decreased in copper + vitamin C + vitamin E group compared to copper group. To conclude, copper caused oxidative stress in broilers. The combination of vitamin C and vitamin E addition might alleviate the harmful effects of copper as demonstrated by decreased lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes. PMID:24615553
Cinar, Miyase; Yildirim, Ebru; Yigit, A Arzu; Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Duru, Ozkan; Kisa, Uçler; Atmaca, Nurgul
Parasitological and biochemical parameters in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice treated with methanol extract from the plants Chenopodium ambrosioides, Conyza dioscorides and Sesbania sesban.
This study aims to detect the antischistosomal properties of the plants' Chenopodium ambrosioides, Conyza dioscorides and Sesbania sesban methanol extract against Schistosoma mansoni in infected mice, including determination of total protein and albumin levels and the activities of alanine and aspartate transaminases (AlT, AsT) and acid and alkaline phosphatases (AcP and AkP) enzymes in the serum of infected treated mice. Male Swiss albino mice were infected with S. mansoni and orally treated with methanol extract of the plants C. ambrosioides (1250 mg/kg/day), C. dioscorides and S. sesban (1000 mg/kg/day from each) for 2 consecutive days 7 weeks post infection (PI). In addition, treatment of mice with the tested dose of each plant extract was successively done (i.e. the 1st extract followed by the 2nd and 3rd one with an hour interval). Parasitological and biochemical parameters were assessed. Nine weeks PI, the reduction rates of worm load/mouse treated with either C. dioscorides (1000 mg/kg), C. ambrosioides (1250 mg/kg) or S. sesban (1000 mg/kg) were 40.9%, 53.7% and 54.4%, respectively. Successive treatment raised the reduction rates of worm load/mouse to 66.3% and the ova/g tissue in liver to 76.9%. Moreover, serum total protein and albumin levels and activities of AlT, Ast, AcP and AkP enzymes of infected treated mice were improved in comparison with those of infected untreated ones. It is concluded that administration of C. dioscorides, C. ambrosioides and S. sesban methanol extract to infected mice exhibited a moderate antischistosomal effect. Successive treatment improved the antischistosomal properties of these plant species, hence ameliorated the liver functions of treated mice that may suggest degenerations of liver granulomas and regenerative changes. PMID:21740980
Kamel, E G; El-Emam, M A; Mahmoud, S S M; Fouda, F M; Bayaumy, F E
Hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of curcumin on blood parameters, humoral immunity, and jejunum histology in Hy-line hens
Objective: Turmeric (Curcuma Longa Linn) is a medicinal plant that contains curcumin. There is a growing interest in using curcumin powder (CP) as feed additives for antioxidative and antimicrobial properties to improve human health. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate levels of CP on blood parameters, immunity, and histology of jejunum in hens. Materials and Methods: A total of 200, 58-wk-old Hy-line hens were randomly distributed into 4 treatments (0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5% CP or 0, 5, 15, and 25 g/kg feed, respectively) with 5 replicates (10 birds each) for 8 weeks using the completely randomized design. Blood samples were taken from 2 birds per replicate at weeks 61 and 65 to evaluate blood parameters. On weeks 63 and 65, two birds from each replicate received 0.5 ml SRBC (25%) injection in breast muscle and 7 days later, blood samples were collected to evaluate total Ig, IgG, and IgM titers in serum. Two hens were sacrificed at week 65 for the histological study of jejunum. Results: Curcumin reduced triglycerides at 1.5% and 2.5% and cholesterol and LDL at 2.5% (p<0.05). Improvement of total Ig and IgG titers after the 1st and 2nd injections were observed. Muscle thickness in jejunum increased (p<0.05) at 1.5% curcumin and the length and surface area of villus were enhanced as well. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that curcumin can be used as an antioxidant at 1.5% and antilipidemic agent at 2.5% in diet.
Arshami, Javad; Pilevar, Mohammad; Aami Azghadi, Mohammad; Raji, Ahmad Reza
Determination of reference ranges for full blood count parameters in neonatal cord plasma in Hilla, Babil, Iraq
Background The health of an individual is known to vary in different countries, in the same country at different times, and in the same individuals at different ages. This means that the condition of individuals must be related to or compared with reference data. Determination of a reference range for the healthy term newborn is clinically important in terms of various complete blood count parameters. The purpose of this study was to establish a local reference range for full blood count parameters in neonatal cord plasma in Hilla, Babil, Iraq. Methods A total of 220 mothers and their neonates were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from February 2011 to January 2012. Maternal inclusion criteria were age 15–45 years, an uneventful pregnancy, and hemoglobin ? 10 g. Neonatal inclusion criteria were full term (37–42 weeks) and normal birth weight. The umbilical cord was immediately clamped after delivery of the baby; 3 mL of cord blood was then taken from the umbilical vein and collected in a tube containing ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, its plasma was analyzed for full blood count parameters by standard Coulter gram, and the differential leukocyte count was done manually. Results Mean neonatal hemoglobin was 13.88 ± 1.34 (range 11–17.3) g/dL and mean white cell count was 10.12 ± 2.8 (range 3.1–21.6) × 109/L. Mean platelet count was 267.63 ± 60.62 (range 152–472) × 109/L. No significant differences in red cell, white cell, or platelet counts were found between males and females, except for neutrophil count. The current study shows lower levels of hemoglobin, white cells, and red cells compared with other studies, and there is agreement with some studies and disagreement with others concerning platelet count. Conclusion Most results in the current study were within the reference range. The hematological reference values for Iraqi neonatal cord plasma need to be confirmed by larger numbers of blood samples and by collecting samples from different areas in Iraq.
Al-Marzoki, Jasim M; Al-Maaroof, Zainab W; Kadhum, Ali H
A quantitative comparison of mechanical blood damage parameters in rotary ventricular assist devices: shear stress, exposure time and hemolysis index.
Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have already helped many patients with heart failure but have the potential to assist more patients if current problems with blood damage (hemolysis, platelet activation, thrombosis and emboli, and destruction of the von Willebrand factor (vWf)) can be eliminated. A step towards this goal is better understanding of the relationships between shear stress, exposure time, and blood damage and, from there, the development of numerical models for the different types of blood damage to enable the design of improved VADs. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to calculate the hemodynamics in three clinical VADs and two investigational VADs and the shear stress, residence time, and hemolysis were investigated. A new scalar transport model for hemolysis was developed. The results were compared with in vitro measurements of the pressure head in each VAD and the hemolysis index in two VADs. A comparative analysis of the blood damage related fluid dynamic parameters and hemolysis index was performed among the VADs. Compared to the centrifugal VADs, the axial VADs had: higher mean scalar shear stress (sss); a wider range of sss, with larger maxima and larger percentage volumes at both low and high sss; and longer residence times at very high sss. The hemolysis predictions were in agreement with the experiments and showed that the axial VADs had a higher hemolysis index. The increased hemolysis in axial VADs compared to centrifugal VADs is a direct result of their higher shear stresses and longer residence times. Since platelet activation and destruction of the vWf also require high shear stresses, the flow conditions inside axial VADs are likely to result in more of these types of blood damage compared with centrifugal VADs. PMID:22938355
Fraser, Katharine H; Zhang, Tao; Taskin, M Ertan; Griffith, Bartley P; Wu, Zhongjun J
Dopamine-?-Hydroxylase Activity and Levels of Its Cofactors and Other Biochemical Parameters in the Serum of Arsenicosis Patients of Bangladesh.
Dopamine-?-hydroxylase (DBH) is a neurotransmitter (catecholamine)-mediating enzyme, which catalyzes the formation of norepinephrine from dopamine. The levels of DBH activity, its coenzyme (ascorbic acid) and cofactor (Cu(++)) and other biochemical parameters were measured in the serum of 32 arsenicosis patients of Bangladesh at three different age groups, namely, group 1 (10-18 years, 9 patients), group 2 (19-40 years, 14 patients) and group 3 (41-70 years, 9 patients) of the locality of Stadium Para of Meherpur district of Bangladesh. The values were compared with the same number of age-matched normal healthy individuals of the respective group. DBH activity was markedly decreased in the patients of group 1 as compared to that of the normal healthy people. The activities of DBH were decreased to lesser extents for the other two age groups. The total protein contents in the serum of arsenicosis patients were also significantly low as compared to that in the age-matched control groups. The levels of ascorbic acid and copper were found to be decreased in the serum of arsenicosis patients. The serum glucose levels were elevated in arsenicosis patients, as compared to that of the respective healthy controls. Other parameters, such as zinc and vitamin A levels were also decreased in the serum of arsenicosis patients. It was evident from the results of drinking of the arsenic contaminated water of shallow tube wells that the levels of DBH activity decreased significantly as compared to the control healthy persons. The levels of proteins, ascorbic acid, copper, zinc and vitamin A were decreased in the serum of people drinking the arsenic contaminated tube wells water as compared to that in the control healthy people with the exception that the levels of glucose were elevated in the serum of these patients. The pathophysiological significance of the results could be correlated with the decreased in proteins and that in DBH activities as DBH deficiency is characterized by lack of sympathetic noradrenergic function.The general physiologic findings of autonomic function indicate that complete DBH deficiency include minimal or absent plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. PMID:24711750
Rahman, M Khalilur; Choudhary, M Iqbal; Arif, M; Morshed, M Monzur
Dopamine-?-Hydroxylase Activity and Levels of Its Cofactors and Other Biochemical Parameters in the Serum of Arsenicosis Patients of Bangladesh
Dopamine-?-hydroxylase (DBH) is a neurotransmitter (catecholamine)-mediating enzyme, which catalyzes the formation of norepinephrine from dopamine. The levels of DBH activity, its coenzyme (ascorbic acid) and cofactor (Cu++) and other biochemical parameters were measured in the serum of 32 arsenicosis patients of Bangladesh at three different age groups, namely, group 1 (10–18 years, 9 patients), group 2 (19–40 years, 14 patients) and group 3 (41–70 years, 9 patients) of the locality of Stadium Para of Meherpur district of Bangladesh. The values were compared with the same number of age-matched normal healthy individuals of the respective group. DBH activity was markedly decreased in the patients of group 1 as compared to that of the normal healthy people. The activities of DBH were decreased to lesser extents for the other two age groups. The total protein contents in the serum of arsenicosis patients were also significantly low as compared to that in the age-matched control groups. The levels of ascorbic acid and copper were found to be decreased in the serum of arsenicosis patients. The serum glucose levels were elevated in arsenicosis patients, as compared to that of the respective healthy controls. Other parameters, such as zinc and vitamin A levels were also decreased in the serum of arsenicosis patients. It was evident from the results of drinking of the arsenic contaminated water of shallow tube wells that the levels of DBH activity decreased significantly as compared to the control healthy persons. The levels of proteins, ascorbic acid, copper, zinc and vitamin A were decreased in the serum of people drinking the arsenic contaminated tube wells water as compared to that in the control healthy people with the exception that the levels of glucose were elevated in the serum of these patients. The pathophysiological significance of the results could be correlated with the decreased in proteins and that in DBH activities as DBH deficiency is characterized by lack of sympathetic noradrenergic function.The general physiologic findings of autonomic function indicate that complete DBH deficiency include minimal or absent plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Rahman, M. Khalilur; Choudhary, M. Iqbal; Arif, M.; Morshed, M. Monzur
Association of cold receptor TRPM8 gene polymorphism with blood lipid indices and anthropometric parameters in Shorians.
We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms of the cold receptor TRPM8 gene as genetic markers of blood serum lipid indices in Shorians. Associations were found between rs11562975 (L250L) TRPM8 gene mononucleotide polymorphism with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and between rs28901637 (P249P) and HDL cholesterol. No associations of P249P and L250L with triglyceride level were found. L250L polymorphism was associated with anthropometric parameters characterizing lipid metabolism (hip and waist circumferences). The TRPM8 gene is likely to be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. PMID:22238755
Potapova, T A; Yudin, N S; Pilipenko, I V; Kobsev, V F; Romashchenko, A G; Shakhtshneider, E V; Ogarkov, M Yu; Voevoda, M I
Dry Matter Intake and Blood Parameters of Nonlactating Holstein and Jersey Cows in Late Gestation
An experiment was conducted using 14 multiparous Holstein and 14 multiparous Jersey cows to determine if dry matter intake (DMI), specifically the decline in prepartum DMI and plasma parameters differed be- tween breeds. Cows were blocked by expected calving date and received a dry cow total mixed ration (15% crude protein and 39% neutral detergent fiber) begin- ning 30 d
P. D. French
Mobile e-health sensor for non-invasive multi parameter diagnostics of blood biochemistry
In this paper, we developed non invasive multi parameter sensor and used as a prototype of point-of-care diagnostic devices for cardiologic, tumour and diabetic patients. Integrated platform for data acquisition, data processing and communication to remote networks is being developed on pocket PC.
V. A. Saetchinikov; E. A. Tcherniavskaia; V. F. Zaitsev; L. A. Alexeichuk; G. Schweiger
Serial blood T cell repertoire alterations in multiple sclerosis patients; correlation with clinical and MRI parameters
A significant skewing of the peripheral T cell repertoire has been shown in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Most of the studies already performed in this field are cross-sectional and therefore, little is known of the T cell repertoire evolution over time in MS and the correlation of T cell repertoire variation with clinical and MRI parameters. This study was performed
David-Axel Laplaud; Laureline Berthelot; Patrick Miqueu; Kasia Bourcier; Julien Moynard; Yannick Oudinet; Marina Guillet; Catherine Ruiz; Neal Oden; Sophie Brouard; Charles R. G. Guttmann; Howard L. Weiner; Samia J. Khoury; Jean-Paul Soulillou
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Biochemical engineering as a scientific discipline is becoming accepted in England and is drawing many young men and women to its ranks. This article focuses on how engineering came to embrace the biological sciences. (Author/SA)
Dunnill, P.
Towards noninvasive method for the detection of pathological tissue variations by mapping different blood parameters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This paper describes the development of an early detection method for probing pathological tissue variations. The method could be used for classifying various tissue alteration namely tumors tissue or skin disorders. The used approach is based on light scattering and absorption spectroscopy. Spectral content of the scattered light provides diagnostic information about the tissue contents. The importance of this method is using a safe light that has less power than the used in the imaging methods that will enable the frequent examination of tissue, while the exiting modalities have drawbacks like ionization, high cost, time-consuming, and agents' usage. A modality for mapping the oxygen saturation distribution in tissues noninvasively is new in this area of research, since this study focuses on the oxygen molecule in the tissue which supposed to be homogenously distributed through the tissues. Cancers may cause greater vascularization and greater oxygen consumption than in normal tissue. Therefore, oxygen existence and homogeneity will be alternated depending on the tissue state. In the proposed system, the signal was extracted after illuminating the tissue by light emitting diodes (LED's) that emits light in two wavelengths, red (660 nm) and infrared (880 nm). The absorption in these wavelengths is mainly due to oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) while other blood and tissue contents nearly have low effect on the signal. The backscattered signal which is received by a photodiodes array (128 PDs) was measured and processed using LabVIEW. Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals have been measured at different locations. These signals will be used to differentiate between the normal and the pathological tissues. Variations in hemoglobin concentration and blood perfusion will also be used as an important indication feature for this purpose.
Abdallah, Omar; Qananwah, Qasem; Abo Alam, Kawther; Bolz, Armin
Individual osmotic fragility distribution: a new parameter for determination of the osmotic properties of human red blood cells.
The aim of our experiments was to characterise and to validate the osmotic fragility test when applied to human blood samples with no significant alterations of osmotic fragility but with a differentiating shape of the haemolysis curve. All experiments were carried out on human erythrocytes taken from the Regional Centre of Blood Donation and Blood Therapy in Wroc?aw. The washed erythrocytes were exposed to near-infrared radiation (NIR) or ozonated, and the osmotic fragility test was applied. The osmotic fragility, calculated from the experimental haemolysis curve for the control and cells irradiated for 15 min, is the same within the empirical error. Calculation of the first derivative of the haemolysis curve allowed us to visualise the changes in osmotic fragility distribution after exposure to NIR. By contrast, significant changes both to the osmotic fragility value and the distribution of osmotic properties were observed after an erythrocytes ozonation procedure. Description of cell osmotic properties requires at least two parameters-the value of osmotic fragility and the slope of the haemolysis curve in the region where absorbance sharply increases due to cell haemolysis. PMID:24527436
Walski, Tomasz; Chludzi?ska, Ludmi?a; Komorowska, Ma?gorzata; Witkiewicz, Wojciech
Individual Osmotic Fragility Distribution: A New Parameter for Determination of the Osmotic Properties of Human Red Blood Cells
The aim of our experiments was to characterise and to validate the osmotic fragility test when applied to human blood samples with no significant alterations of osmotic fragility but with a differentiating shape of the haemolysis curve. All experiments were carried out on human erythrocytes taken from the Regional Centre of Blood Donation and Blood Therapy in Wroc?aw. The washed erythrocytes were exposed to near-infrared radiation (NIR) or ozonated, and the osmotic fragility test was applied. The osmotic fragility, calculated from the experimental haemolysis curve for the control and cells irradiated for 15?min, is the same within the empirical error. Calculation of the first derivative of the haemolysis curve allowed us to visualise the changes in osmotic fragility distribution after exposure to NIR. By contrast, significant changes both to the osmotic fragility value and the distribution of osmotic properties were observed after an erythrocytes ozonation procedure. Description of cell osmotic properties requires at least two parameters—the value of osmotic fragility and the slope of the haemolysis curve in the region where absorbance sharply increases due to cell haemolysis.
Walski, Tomasz; Chludzinska, Ludmila; Komorowska, Malgorzata; Witkiewicz, Wojciech
Decreased Selenium Concentration and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Blood and Increase of These Parameters in Malignant Tissue of Lung Cancer Patients
. We studied the selenium (Se) concentration in whole blood and plasma, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in red blood\\u000a cells and plasma, as well as both of these parameters in cancerous and tumor-free lung tissue of lung cancer patients. Blood\\u000a samples were taken from 84 cancer patients and 61 healthy controls. Normal and neoplastic lung tissues were obtained from\\u000a 57
B. A. Zachara; E. Marchaluk-Wi?niewska; A. Maciag; J. Pepli?ski; J. Skokowski; W. Lambrecht
Biochemical changes associated with fatty liver in geese.
Studying biochemical changes in the blood and liver of geese during cramming showed significant increases in the liver enzymes: malic dehydrogenase (MDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malic enzyme (ME), and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP). No significant changes were seen in the activity of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). There were significant increases in serum ME, ICDH, LDH, MDH, AST, acid phosphatase (ACP), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and total lipids and decreases in serum ALP, albumin and the haemocrit. No significant changes were seen in the activity of cholinesterase, glucose, total proteins, globulins and inorganic phosphorus. There were good correlations between liver size and the change of some of the biochemical parameters studied, which may serve as markers for the presence and degree of liver fattening. There were differences between families of gray and white geese and concentrations and activities of the blood constituents paralleled the degree of liver fattening. The possibility of using these parameters as genetic markers is discussed. No correlations were found between the liver and serum biochemical parameters. The effect of transporting the geese from the farm to the slaughter house on the levels of the blood constituents is described. PMID:18766879
Bogin, E; Avidar, Y; Merom, M; Israeli, B A; Malkinson, M; Soback, S; Kudler, Y
Changes in some blood parameters and production performance of old laying hens due to growth hormone and testosterone injection.
The experiment was designed to study the changes in some blood parameters and production performance of old laying hens after injection of different doses of growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (Ts). A total of 160 old laying hens (HyLine W-36) at 73 weeks of age were weighed individually and randomly allocated to four treatments with four replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Growth hormone and Ts hormones were injected subcutaneously. Treatment groups were as follows: treatment 1: injection of 100 ?l distiled water (control group), treatment 2: injection of 500 ?g Ts/kg live-weight + 50 ?gGH/kg live-weight, treatment 3: injection of 500 ?gTs/kg live-weight + 100 ?gGH/kg live-weight and treatment 4: injection of 500 ?gTs/kg live-weight + 150 ?gGH/kg live-weight. Plasma levels of oestradiol, T4 , LDL, HDL and cholesterol significantly increased in treatment 3 in relation to the control group. All injected hens showed significantly higher levels of glucose in relation to control group. The results showed the positive effects of GH and Ts administration on production performance and blood parameters which are associated with egg production potentiality and in turn may improve reproductivity (egg production) in old laying hens. The positive results of the study may be useful in animal selection and breeding programmes. PMID:23808354
Mohammadi, H; Ansari-Pirsaraei, Z
Effects of dietary dried baker's yeast on the performance, egg traits and blood parameters in laying quails.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary dried baker's yeast on laying performance, egg traits and some blood parameters of quails. In the experiment a total of 342 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged ten weeks were equally divided into six groups of 57 (three replicates of 19 quails each). Six levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) of dried baker's yeast were included in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. The experimental period lasted 14 weeks. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences among the groups in body weight, feed intake, protein intake, egg production, feed efficiency, egg yolk index and egg haugh unit. Blood serum levels of total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol were not affected by dietary dried baker's yeast. Diets containing 4 and 8% of dried baker's yeast increased the egg weight significantly (p < 0.01). The inclusion of dried baker's yeast at the level of 20% to the diets reduced egg shell thickness and egg albumen height. It is concluded that dried baker's yeast can be used up to 16% in the diets of laying quails without adverse effects on the measured parameters. PMID:19052896
Yalçin, Sakine; O?uz, Fatma; Güçlü, Berrin; Yalçin, Suzan
The study evaluated the effect of sulfuric acid aerosol exposure for 2 consecutive days on seven human biochemical blood parameters. A total of 20 human subjects were exposed to 100 micrograms per cu. m. sulfuric acid aerosol for 4 hr/day for 2 consecutive days. A total of 17 hum...
Normal Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Values of Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)
We obtained whole-blood hematologic and serum biochemical values from 38 captive-bred cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Data were analyzed to determine the effect of sex on blood parameters. Significant differences between either the means or medians of male and female tamarins were found for creatinine, hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count, and PCV. These results establish baseline hematologic and serum biochemical values and provide a useful resource not previously available in the peer-reviewed literature for the clinical care of cotton-top tamarins, a critically endangered New World primate, in a captive setting.
Shukan, Evan T; Boe, Carla Y; Hasenfus, Aimee V; Pieper, Bridget A; Snowdon, Charles T
[Prognostic value of hemorheologic and morphodensitometric parameters of blood cells for the progression of cerebrovascular insufficiency].
Authors have studied 484 patients, aged from 35 to 55 years (mean - 41.0+/-1.4 years), in the early stages of cerebrovascular insufficiency. Computed morphodensitometry of erythrocytes, the study of their deformation and aggregation capacity have been used. It have studied the subpopulation content of erythrocytes and determined their morphometric parameters. The morphodensitometric changes in erythrocytes were correlated with disturbances of their functions (aggregation properties, deformation, gas transfer ability) that had the most impact on the hemodynamics of the microcirculation stream. Clinical and laboratory studies revealed that the morphofunctional changes in erythrocytes appeared earlier and played a key pathogenetic role in the formation and progression of cerebral ischemic hypoxia. PMID:22611678
Anisimova, A V; Kolesnikova, T I; Anisimov, K V; Zhukotski?, A V
Influence of diets supplemented with vitamins C and E on pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) blood parameters.
This study evaluated the influence of diets supplemented with 500, 800, 1200 mg kg-1 of vitamin C (ascorbic acid or AA) and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol or alpha-T) on the physiological responses of pirarucu fed for 2 months. Weight and mortality were not affected by dietary vitamin type or their concentrations. Significant increase (p<0.05) on the red blood cells count was obtained on treatments with 800 and 1200 mg AA kg-1 and on the hemoglobin concentration on treatment with 500 mg alpha-T kg-1 relatively to control. Mean corpuscular volume presented a significant decrease (p<0.05) on treatment with 800 and 1200 mg AA kg-1 when compared to control. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was significantly high (p<0.05) on treatment with 500 mg alpha-T kg-1. Only in vitamin C treatments, we noticed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of leucocytes relative to control. All fish in the vitamin-supplemented treatments, except 500 mg AA kg-1, had high total protein values compared to control. Fish treated with 800 or 1200 mg alpha-T kg-1 also showed increases in plasma glucose concentrations. Our results suggest that 800 and 1200 mg AA kg-1 are probably the most suitable concentrations for pirarucu diets, although high vitamin E diets are not necessary for quantitative leucocyte increases for this species. PMID:16716624
de Andrade, Jaqueline Inęs Alves; Ono, Eduardo Akifumi; de Menezes, Glauber Cruz; Brasil, Elenice Martins; Roubach, Rodrigo; Urbinati, Elisabeth Criscuolo; Tavares-Dias, Marcos; Marcon, Jaydione Luiz; Affonso, Elizabeth Gusmăo
Reference values of blood parameters in beef cattle of different ages and stages of lactation.
Reference (normal) values for 12 blood serum components were determined for 48 Shorthorn cows (2-10 years old) and their 48 calves, 357 crossbred cows (12-14 years old), 36 feedlot bulls and 36 feedlot steers. In addition, hemoglobin, hematocrit, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and cortisol levels were determined for the crossbred cows, and feedlot bulls and steers. Reference values were tabulated according to sex, age and stage of lactation. Serum concentrations of urea, total protein and bilirubin, and serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase increased with age (P less than 0.05), while calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase decreased with age (P less than 0.05) from birth to the age of ten years. The Shorthorn cows had the highest levels of glucose at parturition (P less than 0.05) with decreasing levels during lactation. Creatinine concentration decreased during lactation and increased during postweaning. Both lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase levels increased (P less than 0.05) during lactation. Urea and uric acid were present at higher concentrations in lactating than nonlactating cows (P less than 0.05). The values reported, based on a wide age range and large number of cattle, could serve as clinical guides and a basis for further research.
Doornenbal, H; Tong, A K; Murray, N L
Biochemical and haematological profile of pheasant hens during the laying period.
The present paper provides new experimental data on the biochemical and haematological profile of blood in pheasant hens, and points out the changes in both biochemical and haematological parameters that occur during the laying period. Significant effects of egg laying on both the biochemical and the haematological blood parameters of pheasant hens were found. Biochemical analyses revealed a significant increase in the metabolites cholesterol, uric acid, lactate, the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the minerals calcium and phosphorous, as well as a significant decrease in total protein, albumin and glucose in the course of the laying period. Haematological analyses revealed a significant increase in the count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes due to egg laying. In addition, the erythrocyte count and haemoglobin content significantly decreased in the middle of the laying period and then rebounded at the end of the laying period. The haematocrit content gradually decreased till the end of the laying period. All together, the results of this study underline the impact of the reproduction status of pheasant hens on basic blood parameters. The biochemical and haematological values presented in this study may be of help in assessing disease conditions in laying pheasant hens. PMID:24724469
Schumann, J; Bedanova, I; Voslarova, E; Hrabcakova, P; Chloupek, J; Pistekova, V
Assessment of biochemical markers in patients with pain of vascular origin
The aim of this study was to analyse blood plasma biochemical parameters in patients with pain of vascular origin. Blood samples\\u000a were taken from 62 patients (38–86 years of age) with critical limb ischaemia, claudication or lower limb embolism, and from\\u000a a control group. The samples were taken at the time of hospital admission, 1 h after surgery, 24 h after surgery, and
Richard Rokyta; Anna Yamamotová; Richard Šulc; Ladislav Trefil; Jaroslav Racek; Vladislav T?eška
Influence of zinc on cadmium induced haematological and biochemical responses in a freshwater teleost fish Catla catla
The haematological (Hb, RBC, WBC) and biochemical (protein and glucose) profiles of a freshwater fish Catla catla were studied under sub-lethal toxicity of cadmium chloride for 25 days (Treatment I). In addition, the influence of zinc\\u000a on cadmium toxicity was investigated for haematological and biochemical parameters (Treatment II). In both the experiments,\\u000a blood haemoglobin and plasma protein level decreased in the
Sweety R. Remyla; Mathan Ramesh; Kenneth S. Sajwan; Kurunthachalam Senthil Kumar
Various Blood Glucose Parameters that Indicate Hyperglycemia after Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Could Predict Worse Outcome
Background Hyperglycemia is common after stroke, and it is well known to worsen its outcome. However, it is important to consider that blood glucose (BG) levels can undergo dynamic changes during the acute stage of ischemic stroke. We sought to investigate the clinical significance of various glucose parameters within first 24 hours in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The study focused on hyperacute stage patients who underwent IVT and investigated which parameters of glucose demonstrated to be helpful for predicting outcome. Methods This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients with AIS at a single stroke center. Patients were consecutively enrolled if they were treated with IV-tPA within 3 hours of symptom onset. BG was measured immediately upon arrival in ER, after IVT and every 6–8 hours during the first 24 hours after IVT. The various parameters of BG were the following: BG before IVT, BG after IVT, mean BG (mBG), maximal BG (max BG), standard deviation of BG (sdBG), and standard deviation of mean BG (sdmBG). Results 207 patients (127 men and 80 women) were included in this study. Seventy seven of 207 patients had favorable outcomes at 3 months. High BG after IVT, mBG and max BG were independently associated with mRS>2 at 3 months (adjusted by age, NIHSS, and atrial fibrillation). Several parameters of BG were also independently associated with early mortality within 3 months (BG after IVT, mBG, and max BG). BG after IVT and mBG over 180 mg/dL were independently associated with early mortality within 3 months. Conclusion Serial measurements of BG might be a better predictor of clinical outcome in patients with AIS treated with IVT than single BG measurements before IVT. Therefore, these results suggest that variable parameters of BG could be important for the prediction of clinical outcome in AIS treated with IVT.
Yoo, Deok-Sang; Chang, Jane; Kim, Joon-Tae; Choi, Min-Ji; Choi, Jina; Choi, Kang-Ho; Park, Man-Seok; Cho, Ki-Hyun
Effects of supplementary selenium source on the blood parameters in beef cows and their nursing calves.
Over 2 years, 32 beef cows nursing calves in southwest Arkansas were randomly selected from a herd of 120 that were managed in six groups and were assigned to six 5.1-ha bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) pastures. Treatments were assigned to pastures (two pastures/treatment) and cows had ad libitum access to one of three free-choice minerals: (1) no supplemental selenium (Se), (2) 26 mg of supplemental Se from sodium selenite per kilogram, and (3) 26 mg of supplemental Se from seleno-yeast per kilogram (designed mineral intake?=?113 g/cow daily). Data were analyzed using a mixed model; year and pasture were the random effects and treatment was the fixed effect. At the beginning of the calving and breeding seasons, cows supplemented with Se had greater (P?0.01) whole blood Se concentration (WBSe) and glutathione peroxidase activities (GSH-Px) than cows receiving no supplemental Se; cows fed seleno-yeast had greater (P???0.05) WBSe than cows fed sodium selenite, but GSH-Px did not differ (P???0.25) between the two sources. At birth and near peak lactation (late May), calves from cows supplemented with Se had greater (P?0.01) WBSe than calves from cows fed no Se and calves from cows fed seleno-yeast had greater (P???0.01) WBSe and GSH-Px than calves from cows fed sodium selenite. Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and the T4:T3 ratio in calves did not differ among treatments (P???0.35). At birth, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was greater (P?=?0.02) in calves nursing cows with no supplemental Se than in ones with supplemental Se; in calves nursing cows with supplemental sodium selenite, IGF-1 did not differ (P?=?0.96) from ones offered supplemental seleno-yeast. Selenium supplementation of gestating beef cows benefited cows and calves by increasing WBSe and GSH-Px. The use of seleno-yeast as a Se supplement compared to sodium selenite increased the WBSe of both cows and their calves without affecting the T4 to T3 conversion or IGF-1 concentrations. PMID:23381681
Gunter, Stacey A; Beck, Paul A; Hallford, Dennis M
Effect of barnidipine on blood pressure and serum metabolic parameters in patients with essential hypertension: a pilot study.
The effect of barnidipine, a calcium channel blocker, on metabolic parameters is not well known. The authors conducted the present pilot study to evaluate the possible effects of barnidipine on parameters involved in atherogenesis, oxidative stress, and clotting activity. This open-label intervention study included 40 adult patients with essential hypertension who received barnidipine 10 mg once daily. Barnidipine significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as isoprostane levels, which represent a reliable marker of oxidative stress. In contrast, barnidipine had a neutral effect on lipid profile and apolipoprotein levels, did not influence glucose homeostasis, had no effect on renal function, and did not cause any changes in electrolyte levels. Moreover, barnidipine did not affect either the clotting/fibrinolytic status (evaluated by measurement of fibrinogen, total plasminogen activator inhibitor, tissue plasminogen activator, and a2 antiplasmin) or the enzymatic activity of the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mediators lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and paraoxonase 1, respectively. Barnidipine should be mainly considered as an antihypertensive agent with neutral effects on most of the studied metabolic parameters in hypertensive patients. Any antioxidant effect of barnidipine needs further investigation. PMID:17220472
Spirou, Athanasia; Rizos, Evangelos; Liberopoulos, Evangelos N; Kolaitis, Nikolaos; Achimastos, Apostolos; Tselepis, Alexandros D; Elisaf, Moses
Association between Central Obesity and Circadian Parameters of Blood Pressure from the Korean Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry: Kor-ABP Registry
Central obesity has been reported as a risk for atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. The influence of central obesity on diurnal blood pressure (BP) has not been established. In this study, we investigated the influence of central obesity on the circadian parameters of BP by 24 hr ambulatory BP monitoring. Total 1,290 subjects were enrolled from the Korean Ambulatory BP registry. Central obesity was defined as having a waist circumference?90 cm in males and ?85 cm in females. The central-obese group had higher daytime systolic BP (SBP), nighttime SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) than the non-obese group (all, P<0.001). There were no differences in nocturnal dipping (ND) patterns between the groups. Female participants showed a higher BP mean difference (MD) than male participants with concerns of central obesity (daytime SBP MD 5.28 vs 4.27, nighttime SBP MD 6.48 vs 2.72) and wider pulse pressure (PP). Central obesity within the elderly (?65 yr) also showed a higher BP MD than within the younger group (daytime SBP MD 8.23 vs 3.87, daytime DBP 4.10 vs 1.59). In conclusion, central obesity has no influence on nocturnal dipping patterns. However, higher SBP and wider PP are associated with central obesity, which is accentuated in women.
Kang, In Sook; Shin, Jinho; Kim, Ju Han; Kim, Soon Gil; Shin, Gil Ja
Melatonin treatment improves blood pressure, lipid profile, and parameters of oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Experimental studies have proven that melatonin has many beneficial pleiotropic actions. The aim of this study was to assess melatonin efficacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). The study included 33 healthy volunteers (who were not treated with melatonin) and 30 patients with MS, who did not respond to 3-month lifestyle modification. Patients with MS were treated with melatonin (5 mg/day, 2 hr before bedtime) for 2 months. The following parameters were studied: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), levels of glucose, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, activities of antioxidative enzymes: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates (TBARS). After 2-month therapy in comparison with baseline, the following significant changes were measured: systolic blood pressure (132.8±9.8 versus 120.5±11.0 mmHg, P<0.001), DBP (81.7±8.8 versus 75±7.4 mmHg, P<0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (149.7±26.4 versus 139.9±30.2 mg/dL, P<0.05), TBARS (0.5±0.2 versus 0.4±0.1 ?m/gHb, P<0.01), and CAT (245.9±46.9 versus 276.8±39.4 U/gHb). Melatonin administered for 2 months significantly improved antioxidative defense (increase in CAT activity, decrease in TBARS level) and lipid profile (decrease in LDL-C), and lowered blood pressure. We conclude that melatonin therapy may be of benefit for patients with MS, particularly with arterial hypertension. Further studies with higher doses of melatonin or prolonged supplementation are awaited. PMID:21138476
Koziróg, Marzena; Poliwczak, Adam Rafa?; Duchnowicz, Piotr; Koter-Michalak, Maria; Sikora, Joanna; Broncel, Marlena
Jatropha platyphylla kernel meal as feed ingredient for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.): growth, nutrient utilization and blood parameters.
Jatropha platyphylla is a multipurpose and drought-resistant shrub, available in Mexico, locally known as 'sangregrado' and belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Its seeds are rich in oil and protein and do not contain the main toxin, phorbol esters present in other Jatropha species. Jatropha platyphylla kernel meal (JPKM) obtained after oil extraction contained 70-75% crude protein (CP); however, it contained phytate, lectin and trypsin-inhibitor. The levels of essential amino acids (except lysine) were higher in JPKM than in soybean meal (SBM). Using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings a 12-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of the heated JPKM and compare with that of SBM and fishmeal. Fingerlings (15 fish; average weight 13.7 ± 0.21g) were randomly distributed in three treatment groups with five replicates. Fish were fed three isonitrogenous diets (CP 36%): control diet containing fishmeal-based protein and two other diets replacing 62.5% fishmeal protein with JPKM (Jatropha group) and SBM (Soybean group). The growth performance, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive and energy retention did not differ significantly among the three groups. A lower apparent lipid conversion was observed in the plant protein-fed group than in the control group. RBC count, haematocrit and blood glucose contents were higher in plant-protein fed groups than control group. Other haematological parameters (WBC count, haemoglobin, mean cell volume: calcium and sodium ions, total bilirubin and urea-nitrogen in the blood) and metabolic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase) activities in blood did not differ significantly among the three groups. The results from the present study established that JPKM is a promising and good quality protein source for Nile tilapia feed. PMID:21410563
Akinleye, A O; Kumar, V; Makkar, H P S; Angulo-Escalante, M A; Becker, K
Influence of quercetin on the physiological response to cadmium stress in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus : effects on hematological and biochemical parameters
The aim of the present study was to determine whether quercetin, an antioxidant and radical scavenger as natural flavonoid,\\u000a would be able to offer any protection against cadmium (Cd) toxicity in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus with emphasis on biochemical analysis. Fish were pre-treated with 0% (Diet 1), 0.25% (Diet 2) and 0.5% (Diet 3) quercetin\\u000a for 30 and 60 day
Mi Seon Park; Hyun Suk Shin; Jehee Lee; Gyung-Suk Kil; Cheol Young Choi
Hematological and Biochemical Reference Values for the Endangered Kiso Horse
To establish blood and biochemical references for the endangered Kiso horse, blood samples were collected from 111 adult Kiso horses, 74.5% of the existing breed. The samples were analyzed for 23 hematological and biochemical parameters to determine their means and standard deviations (SD). We compared the mean ± 2SD with the reference values cited in one of the most commonly used veterinary textbooks in Japan. The hematology of Kiso horses is characterized by lower erythrocyte count and hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. In addition, their serum biochemistry showed lower levels of aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and ?-glutamyl transferase. Whether these propensities are attributed to breed-specific factors or are acquired factors remains unclear. Nevertheless, this study provides useful diagnostic indices for the endangered Kiso horse.
TAKASU, Masaki; NAGATANI, Nana; TOZAKI, Teruaki; KAKOI, Hironaga; MAEDA, Masami; MURASE, Tetsuma; MUKOYAMA, Harutaka
In silico prediction of blood-brain barrier permeation using the calculated molecular cross-sectional area as main parameter.
The cross-sectional area, AD, of a compound oriented in an amphiphilic gradient such as the air-water or lipid-water interface has previously been shown to be crucial for membrane partitioning and permeation, respectively. Here, we developed an algorithm that determines the molecular axis of amphiphilicity and the cross-sectional area, ADcalc, perpendicular to this axis. Starting from the conformational ensemble of each molecule, the three-dimensional conformation selected as the membrane-binding conformation was the one with the smallest cross-sectional area, ADcalcM, and the strongest amphiphilicity. The calculated, ADcalcM, and the measured, AD, cross-sectional areas correlated linearly (n=55, slope, m=1.04, determination coefficient, r2=0.95). The calculated cross-sectional areas, ADcalcM, were then used together with the calculated octanol-water distribution coefficients, log D7.4, of the 55 compounds (with a known ability to permeate the blood-brain barrier) to establish a calibration diagram for the prediction of blood-brain barrier permeation. It yielded a limiting cross-sectional area (ADcalcM=70 A2) and an optimal range of octanol-water distribution coefficients (-1.4
Gerebtzoff, Grégori; Seelig, Anna
Effects of electromagnetic radiation from 3G mobile phone on heart rate, blood pressure and ECG parameters in rats.
Effects of electromagnetic energy radiated from mobile phones (MPs) on heart is one of the research interests. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from third-generation (3G) MP on the heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and ECG parameters and also to investigate whether exogenous melatonin can exert any protective effect on these parameters. In this study 36 rats were randomized and evenly categorized into 4 groups: group 1 (3G-EMR exposed); group 2 (3G-EMR exposed + melatonin); group 3 (control) and group 4 (control + melatonin). The rats in groups 1 and 2 were exposed to 3G-specific MP's EMR for 20 days (40 min/day; 20 min active (speech position) and 20 min passive (listening position)). Group 2 was also administered with melatonin for 20 days (5 mg/kg daily during the experimental period). ECG signals were recorded from cannulated carotid artery both before and after the experiment, and BP and HR were calculated on 1st, 3rd and 5th min of recordings. ECG signals were processed and statistically evaluated. In our experience, the obtained results did not show significant differences in the BP, HR and ECG parameters among the groups both before and after the experiment. Melatonin, also, did not exhibit any additional effects, neither beneficial nor hazardous, on the heart hemodynamics of rats. Therefore, the strategy (noncontact) of using a 3G MP could be the reason for ineffectiveness; and use of 3G MP, in this perspective, seems to be safer compared to the ones used in close contact with the head. However, further study is needed for standardization of such an assumption. PMID:21996712
Colak, Cengiz; Parlakpinar, Hakan; Ermis, Necip; Tagluk, Mehmet Emin; Colak, Cemil; Sarihan, Ediz; Dilek, Omer Faruk; Turan, Bahadir; Bakir, Sevtap; Acet, Ahmet