text:
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
PRESS SHOP. SEVEN BLISS PRESSES STAMP OUT A VARIETY OF CARTRIDGE AND SHELL CASINGS. THIS DEPARTMENT WAS TRANSFORMED FROM A MONEY-LOSING OPERATION TO A PROFIT CENTER UNDER THE FIRST WORKER-MANAGED QUALITY CIRCLE IN THE PLANT. - American Brass Foundry, 70 Sayre Street, Buffalo, Erie County, NY
Stamping Die Making. 439-318/320.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Each unit in this curriculum guide on stamping die making contains an introduction, objectives, materials required, lessons, space for notes, figures, and diagrams. There are 29 units in this guide, dealing with the following topics: EZ-MILL programming; EZ-MILL BATT; print of punch and EZ-MILL part programming; download to Computer Numerical…
Yunke, P.; And Others
Evolutions of Advanced Stamping CAE - Technology Adventures and Business Impact on Automotive Dies and Stamping
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
In the past decade, sheet metal forming and die development has been transformed to a science-based and technology-driven engineering and manufacturing enterprise from a tryout-based craft. Stamping CAE, especially the sheet metal forming simulation, as one of the core components in digital die making and digital stamping, has played a key role in this historical transition. The stamping simulation technology and its industrial applications have greatly impacted automotive sheet metal product design, die developments, die construction and tryout, and production stamping. The stamping CAE community has successfully resolved the traditional formability problems such as splits and wrinkles. The evolution of the stamping CAE technology and business demands opens even greater opportunities and challenges to stamping CAE community in the areas of (1) continuously improving simulation accuracy, drastically reducing simulation time-in-system, and improving operationalability (friendliness), (2) resolving those historically difficult-to-resolve problems such as dimensional quality problems (springback and twist) and surface quality problems (distortion and skid/impact lines), (3) resolving total manufacturability problems in line die operations including blanking, draw/redraw, trim/piercing, and flanging, and (4) overcoming new problems in forming new sheet materials with new forming techniques. In this article, the author first provides an overview of the stamping CAE technology adventures and achievements, and industrial applications in the past decade. Then the author presents a summary of increasing manufacturability needs from the formability to total quality and total manufacturability of sheet metal stampings. Finally, the paper outlines the new needs and trends for continuous improvements and innovations to meet increasing challenges in line die formability and quality requirements in automotive stamping.
Wang, Chuantao (C. T.)
Facing on Stamping Dies Revetement des Gravures d'Estampage.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Three surface treatments, commercially available to improve the wear resistance of stamping die matrices, were tested and compared. The surface coatings were applied by the companies marketing the techniques. Testing was carried out in the laboratory unde...
Impact of Simulation Technology on Die and Stamping Business
Over the last ten years, we have seen an explosion in the use of simulation-based techniques to improve the engineering, construction, and operation of GM production tools. The impact has been as profound as the overall switch to CAD/CAM from the old manual design and construction methods. The changeover to N/C machining from duplicating milling machines brought advances in accuracy and speed to our construction activity. It also brought significant reductions in fitting sculptured surfaces. Changing over to CAD design brought similar advances in accuracy, and today's use of solid modeling has enhanced that accuracy gain while finally leading to the reduction in lead time and cost through the development of parametric techniques. Elimination of paper drawings for die design, along with the process of blueprinting and distribution, provided the savings required to install high capacity computer servers, high-speed data transmission lines and integrated networks. These historic changes in the application of CAE technology in manufacturing engineering paved the way for the implementation of simulation to all aspects of our business. The benefits are being realized now, and the future holds even greater promise as the simulation techniques mature and expand. Every new line of dies is verified prior to casting for interference free operation. Sheet metal forming simulation validates the material flow, eliminating the high costs of physical experimentation dependent on trial and error methods of the past. Integrated forming simulation and die structural analysis and optimization has led to a reduction in die size and weight on the order of 30% or more. The latest techniques in factory simulation enable analysis of automated press lines, including all stamping operations with corresponding automation. This leads to manufacturing lines capable of running at higher levels of throughput, with actual results providing the capability of two or more additional strokes per minute. As we spread these simulation techniques to the balance of our business, from blank de-stacking to the racking of parts, we anticipate continued reduction in lead-time and engineering expense while improving quality and start-up execution. The author will provide an overview of technology and business evolution of the math-based process that brought an historical transition and revitalization to the die and stamping industry in the past decade. Finally, the author will give an outlook for future business needs and technology development directions.
Stevens, Mark W.
Advanced Line Die Forming Simulation Technology and Its Impact on Stamping Automotive Body Panels
Line die forming simulation and validation create tremendous business values for automotive die developments and production stamping while they pose a great technological challenge to stamping CAE community. GM Manufacturing Engineering Die Center has developed an integrated line die analysis technology to validate die lines as a productionized business process. In this process, a finished stamping body panel can be streamline analyzed with required time, accuracy, and quality. This paper presents critical issues in line die analysis, discusses technical challenges in production applications and software development, and finally demonstrates the impact of line die forming simulation and validations on automotive body styling and tooling developments.
Zhang, Jimmy; Wang, Chuantao; Xu, Siguang; Joshi, Ramesh; Goan, Norman
Automatisation d'Une Presse d'Emboutissage Travaillant en Reprise, au Moyen de Manipulateurs Sequentiels Pneumatiques (Automation of a Stamping Press Using Sequential Hydraulic Manipulators).
The economic and technical feasibility of using pneumatic manipulation to automate a metal sheet stamping press was tested on a 2000 kN commercial machine. Results show that the pneumatic system is slower and less flexible than electromechanical methods. ...
J. P. Devimeux V. Escalup B. Hoessler M. Orriols R. Thomas
A die pressing test for the estimation of agglomerate strength
Microsoft Academic Search
A die pressing test was developed for quick and inexpensive estimation of the agglomerate strength of ceramic powders. The critical nominal pressure (p[sub c]) at which contact areas between agglomerates start to increase rapidly was found from the relationship between change in sample height and applied pressure in uniaxial single-ended die pressing. A quantitative microscopic method was used for measuring
Jin-Hua Song; Julian R. G. Evans
Draw-in Map - A Road Map for Simulation-Guided Die Tryout and Stamping Process Control
Sheet metal forming is a displacement or draw-in controlled manufacturing process in which a flat blank is drawn into die cavity to form an automotive body panel. Draw-in amount is the single most important stamping manufacturing index that controls all forming characteristics (strains, stresses, thinning, etc.), stamping failures (splits, wrinkles, surface distortion, etc.) and line die operations and automations. Draw-in
Jimmy J. Zhang; Norman Goan
SciTech Connect
A die pressing test was developed for quick and inexpensive estimation of the agglomerate strength of ceramic powders. The critical nominal pressure (p[sub c]) at which contact areas between agglomerates start to increase rapidly was found from the relationship between change in sample height and applied pressure in uniaxial single-ended die pressing. A quantitative microscopic method was used for measuring the area fraction ([psi]) of agglomerates which transmits the force through the assembly. A die pressing agglomerate strength, [sigma][sub d], is defined as [sigma][sub d] = 0.7 p[sub c]/[Psi]. This strength was compared with the agglomerate tensile strength obtained from single agglomerate diametral compression tests and found to be 50% higher than the latter because of multipoint loading. A suggested guideline is that the mean agglomerate tensile strength is approximately 52% of p[sub c] determined in a die pressing test for spherical agglomerates. In addition to agglomerate tensile strength, the mean agglomerate size, the interior macropore structure of agglomerates, as well as the packing efficiencies between and inside agglomerates can be estimated by the procedure.
Song, Jia Hua; Evans, J.R.G. (Brunel Univ., Uxbridge (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials Technology)
The Feasibility of Pressing Aluminum Powder in Porous Lined die.
An experimental study is made of the feasibility of cold pressing unlubricated aluminum powder in a porous lined die. Results of lubricant flow through the porous liner are given and discussed. A comparison is presented of two lubricants, butyl stearate a...
L. R. Goodwin
Investigation of Contact Pressure Distribution on Sheet Metal Stamping Tooling Interfaces: Surface Modeling, Simulations, and Experriments
In stamping operations, sheet metal is formed into a desired shape by pressing it in a hydraulic or mechanical press between suitably shaped dies. As a predominant manufacturing process, sheet metal forming has been widely used for the production of automobiles, aircraft, home appliances, beverage cans and many other industrial and commercial products.\\u000aA major effort till date on stamping
Sripati Sah
Solid explosive plane-wave lenses pressed-to-shape with dies
Solid-explosive plane-wave lenses 1", 2" and 4Ľ" in diameter have been mass-produced from components pressed-to-shape with aluminum dies. The method used to calculate the contour between the solid plane-wave lens components pressed-to-shape with the dies is explained. The steps taken to press, machine, and assemble the lenses are described. The method of testing the lenses, the results of those tests, and the corrections to the dies are reviewed. The work on the ˝", 8", and 12" diameter lenses is also discussed.
Olinger, B.
Effect of die shape on the deformation behavior in equal-channel angular pressing
Experimental studies and finite element analysis of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) were carried out to clarify the\\u000a deformation behavior in a sharp corner die and a round corner die under the condition without a frictional effect. It was\\u000a found in both the experiment and the finite element simulation that the geometry of the die itself has a great influence on
Jong-Woo Park; Jin-Yoo Suh
High-power laser beam shaping by inseparable two-dimensional binary-phase gratings for surface modification of stamping dies
For surface modification of stamping dies, an inseparable two-dimensional binary-phase gratings is introduced to implement the wavefront transformation of high-power laser beams. The design and fabrication of the gratings are described in detail. Two-dimensional even sampling encoding scheme is adopted to overcome the limitations of conventional Dammann grating in the design of two-dimensional output patterns. High diffractive efficiency (>70%) can
Shao-Xia Li; Gang Yu; Cai-Yun Zheng; Xiu-Bo Liu
Rapid machining of hardened AISI H13 and D2 moulds, dies and press tools
Tools and dies for the forging, die casting and plastics moulding industries are commonly made from AISI H13, heat treated to 48–52 HRC, while the press tool sector predominantly uses AISI D2 at a significantly higher hardness of 60–62 HRC. Over the last 10 years, the introduction of high speed end milling has enabled the direct manufacture of prismatic components
Helen Coldwell; Richard Woods; Martin Paul; Philip Koshy; Richard Dewes; David Aspinwall
Dependence of charge material temperature on die temperature during uniaxial hot pressing
The temperature response of several hot press dies and their charge materials were monitored from room temperature to an elevated temperature range. Induction heated TZM dies, and resistance heated TZM, silicon carbides, and alumina dies were investigated. From the collected data, equations were derived which can be used to predict the charge temperature based on direct measurement of the die temperature. With induction heating, predicting in the 600/sup 0/ to 1300/sup 0/C range are hindered by large variations in the data. However, at 1400/sup 0/ to 1700/sup 0/C more precise predictions are possible. With resistance heating, highly precise predictions can be made throughout the 600/sup 0/ to 1200/sup 0/C range. 4 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.
Moore, R.H.; Easterling, R.G.; Hellmann, J.R.
Effects of Heat Treatments on the On-Line Service Life of a Press Die Manufactured by W-Edm
Effects of heat treatments on the on-line service life of a press die manufactured by W-EDM are studied. In this work, four manufacturing processes for a press die are considered: (1) milling and then grinding, (2) wire-cut electric discharge machining (W-EDM), (3) low temperature heat treatment after W-EDM, and (4) high temperature heat treatment after W-EDM. On-line punching experiments for an automobile part of BL646-chain are performed. The amount of wear of the die and punch, roll-over and burnish depth in the punched chain are measured every 1,000 strokes. Overall productivities are carefully compared. Finally, it is concluded that heat treatment after W-EDM for a press die can enhance its on-line service life. Especially, high temperature heat treatment after W-EDM is very attractive as a fast and cheap manufacturing method for a press die.
Choi, Kye-Kwang; Lee, Yong-Shin
For surface modification of stamping dies, an inseparable two-dimensional binary-phase gratings is introduced to implement the wavefront transformation of high-power laser beams. The design and fabrication of the gratings are described in detail. Two-dimensional even sampling encoding scheme is adopted to overcome the limitations of conventional Dammann grating in the design of two-dimensional output patterns. High diffractive efficiency (>70%) can be achieved through the transformation of the Gaussian laser beam into several kinds of two-dimensional arrays in focal plan. The application of the binary-phase gratings in the laser surface modification of ductile iron is investigated, and the results show that the hardness and the wear resistance of the sample surface were improved significantly by using the binary-phase gratings.
Li, Shao-Xia; Yu, Gang; Zheng, Cai-Yun; Liu, Xiu-Bo
Effects of Metal Particles Decoration on n-Type Chalcogenides Processed by Open Die Pressing
The effects of copper particles dispersed into Bi1.9Sb0.1Te2.85Se0.15 nanopowders and sintered by open die pressing (ODP) have been investigated. Submicrometric copper particles were obtained by decomposing copper acetate molecules dispersed into chalcogenides nanopowders. The acetate powders were decomposed during the sintering process at 390 °C obtaining a fine dispersion of copper particles with dimensions in the order of 500 nm. Contents up to 0.2 wt.% of copper were investigated. ODP, previously introduced as a forming process for sintering and texturing p-type (Bi0.2Sb0.8)2Te3 nanopowders, has been applied to n-type chalcogenide: the mixed alloy nanopowders and copper acetate were compacted inside a metallic protective shell and fast pressed between two heated plates, keeping the composite under load for sintering. ODP processing ensures complete consolidation of nanopowders and material texturing with the basal (00 l) planes of the hexagonal crystal cell oriented parallel to the plates. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows an orientation factor, f, obtained by the Lotgering method, up to 64 %. Thermoelectric performance of the samples was measured by the Harman method in the range of 20-170 °C. Figure of merit ( ZT) behavior with temperature was improved in copper-dispersed samples showing a shift of the maximum value at higher temperatures. This effect can be mainly associated with an improvement of electrical conductivity, due to the presence of the copper particles.
Fanciulli, C.; Codecasa, M.; Passaretti, F.; Vasilevskiy, D.
Experimental investigations on wear resistance characteristics of alternative die materials for stamping of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS)
Newer sheet alloys (such as Al, Mg, and advanced high-strength steels) are considered for automotive body panels and structural parts to achieve lightweight construction. However, in addition to issues with their limited formability and high springback, tribological conditions due to increased surface hardness and work hardening necessitate the use of alternative microstructurally improved die materials, coatings, and lubricants to minimize
Ömer Necati Cora; Muammer Koç
Microstructure and properties of nano-TiN modified Ti(C,N)-based cermets fabricated by powder injection molding and die pressing
Powder injection molding (PIM) and die pressing were employed to fabricate nano-TiN modified Ti(C,N)-based cermets. The shrinkage behavior, microstructure, porosity, and mechanical properties of the samples with and without nano-TiN addition fabricated by PIM and die pressing were analyzed. It is demonstrated that for either PIM or die pressing, the porosities are obviously reduced, the mechanical properties are significantly improved after adding nano-TiN, and the hard particles are refined; the rim phase thickness obviously becomes thinner, and the number of dimples in fracture also increases. Compared the samples fabricated by die pressing, it is difficult for PIM to obtain dense Ti(C,N)-based cermets. Due to the too much existence of pores and isolated carbon, the mechanical properties of the sintered samples by PIM are inferior to those of the sintered ones by die pressing.
Yi, Shan-jie; Yin, Hai-qing; Chen, Ke; Khan, Dil-Faraz; Zheng, Qing-jun; Qu, Xuan-hui
Experimental and numerical study of stamp hydroforming of sheet metals
The objectives of this research was to experimentally and numerically study the stamp hydroforming process as a means for shaping aluminum alloy sheets. In stamp hydroforming, one or both surfaces of the sheet metal are supported with a pressurized viscous fluid to assist with the stamping of the part thereby eliminating the need for a female die. The pressurized fluid
M. Zampaloni; N. Abedrabbo; F. Pourboghrat
Synchronized time stamp support
New software has been added to IOC core to maintain time stamps. The new software has the ability to maintain time stamps over all IOCs on a network. The purpose of this paper is to explain how EPICS will synchronize the time stamps. In addition, this paper will explain how to configure and use the new EPICS time stamp support software.
Kowalkowski, J.
Diffusion chrome-plating of dies for the pressing of glass articles
We carried out experiments with respect to diffusion chrome-plating in solid mixtures. The rate of saturation and the quality of the surface obtained served as the fundamental criteria for the selection of the composition of the mixture. Die pig iron, containing (in%) 3.3 C, 2o07 Si, 0.5 Mn, 0.17 P, 0.12 S, 0.26 Cr, and 0.2 Ni, and steel St.
É. A. Ivanov; G. N. Alekseeva; A. F. Goncharov
Prediction of Blank Holder Force in Stamping Using Finite Element Analysis
Introduction of multiple point cushion technology in stamping press has provided an additional degree of freedom to improve the formability of the materials by changing the blank holder/binder/cushion force in space/location and in stroke during the process. However, this advanced capacity of die cushion is being underutilized in production because it is difficult to estimate the force required in each pin and its variation throughout the press stroke to form a part with desired quality. This paper describes two methods namely, a) Numerical Optimization, b) Adaptive simulation coupled with finite element analysis of the stamping process to predict constant and variable binder force (variation in stroke) to form the part without failure and with reduced springback. The blank holder force is predicted by detection of a) wrinkles, b) thinning and c) stress variation through thickness direction during the FE simulation to eliminate potential defects such as wrinkles and thinning and reduce springback in the part. The developed technique was applied to two parts namely a) IFU Hishida die, and b) Numisheet S-Rail to predict blank holder force to minimize thinning and springback respectively.
Palaniswamy, Hariharasudhan; Thandapani, Arun Kumar; Kulukuru, Srikanth; Altan, Taylan
Chemistry on Stamps.
Suggests how postage stamps can be incorporated into chemistry teaching. Categories considered include emergence of chemistry as a science, metric system, atoms (and molecules and ions), stoichiometry, energy relationships in chemical systems, chemical bonding, nuclear chemistry, biochemistry, geochemistry, matter (gases, liquids, and solids),…
Schreck, James O.
Rapid thermal processing by stamping
A rapid thermal processing device and methods are provided for thermal processing of samples such as semiconductor wafers. The device has components including a stamp (35) having a stamping surface and a heater or cooler (40) to bring it to a selected processing temperature, a sample holder (20) for holding a sample (10) in position for intimate contact with the stamping surface; and positioning components (25) for moving the stamping surface and the stamp (35) in and away from intimate, substantially non-pressured contact. Methods for using and making such devices are also provided. These devices and methods allow inexpensive, efficient, easily controllable thermal processing.
Stradins, Pauls; Wang, Qi
Integrated Stamping Simulation Using State Of The Art Techniques To Fulfill Quality Assessment Requirements
The last few years have seen the use of stamping simulation evolve to the extent that it is now a mainstream activity; a core part of the press tool engineering process. Now, new requirements for the use of challenging materials like Dual phase / Complex phase steel, VHSS, and aluminum, together with more stringent quality expectations, and shorter development cycles, there is a need to assess the panel quality in a wider context, before committing to tool manufacture. The integrated approach from ESI Group allows early up-front feasibility assessment, geometry and process optimization, and detailed process validation all within one system. Rapid die design and quick forming simulation modules play an essential role in the early stages of the process. A seamless connection between simulation and geometry is a vital characteristic, with the accurate simulation being used to validate and fine tune the process in order to assess final component quality in unprecedented detail, utilizing some of the most accurate material models available today. The combination of the distributed memory processing (DMP) solver together with new cost effective cluster based compute servers provide a practical solution to the problems of `one million element' model sizes, and more sophisticated modeling methodologies become realistic for the first time. It is no longer sufficient to merely focus on the draw die, forming simulation must now consider the entire die line up. Typically, around half of forming issues arise from the draw die, so the time has now come to address the other half as well! This paper will discuss how the PAM-STAMP 2G™ integrated solution is successfully used to deliver a positive business impact, by providing virtual panel quality assessment, tolerance control, and springback compensation. The paper will also discuss how other forming processes can be accurately modeled using the new modules.
Ling, David; Lambriks, Marc; Esi Group
The last few years have seen the use of stamping simulation evolve to the extent that it is now a mainstream activity; a core part of the press tool engineering process. Now, new requirements for the use of challenging materials like Dual phase / Complex phase steel, VHSS, and aluminum, together with more stringent quality expectations, and shorter development cycles, there is a need to assess the panel quality in a wider context, before committing to tool manufacture.The integrated approach from ESI Group allows early up-front feasibility assessment, geometry and process optimization, and detailed process validation all within one system. Rapid die design and quick forming simulation modules play an essential role in the early stages of the process. A seamless connection between simulation and geometry is a vital characteristic, with the accurate simulation being used to validate and fine tune the process in order to assess final component quality in unprecedented detail, utilizing some of the most accurate material models available today. The combination of the distributed memory processing (DMP) solver together with new cost effective cluster based compute servers provide a practical solution to the problems of 'one million element' model sizes, and more sophisticated modeling methodologies become realistic for the first time.It is no longer sufficient to merely focus on the draw die, forming simulation must now consider the entire die line up. Typically, around half of forming issues arise from the draw die, so the time has now come to address the other half as well{exclamation_point} This paper will discuss how the PAM-STAMP 2G{sup TM} integrated solution is successfully used to deliver a positive business impact, by providing virtual panel quality assessment, tolerance control, and springback compensation. The paper will also discuss how other forming processes can be accurately modeled using the new modules.
Ling, David; Lambriks, Marc; El Khaldi, Fouad [PARC D'AFFAIRES SILIC - 99 rue des Solets - 94513 Rungis cedex (France)
A Distributed Time Stamping Scheme
Time stamping is a technique used to prove the existence of a digital document prior to a specific point in time. In this paper, we define a trusted reliable distributed time stamping scheme. This scheme is based on a network of servers managed by administratively independent entities. This work was supported by funding from the French ministry for research under
A. Bonnecaze; P. Liardet; A. Gabillon; K. Blibech
Application of the fuzzy-based Taguchi method for the structural design of drawing dies
In the sheet metal stamping process for automobiles, the drawing process requires the greatest stamping force, and thus the\\u000a structure of the drawing dies is the thickest and heaviest among all stamping dies. This study describes how the fuzzy-based\\u000a Taguchi method can be applied to explore multi-objective optimization in the structural design of drawing dies. Using the\\u000a lower die of
Bor-Tsuen Lin; Chun-Chih Kuo
Development of Large Size Fully Automated Forging Press Line.
Large parts with such complicated configurations as steering knuckle, call for a higher degree of rigidity than any commercially available standard type automated forging presses can meet. Therefore, it is vital to increase the rigidity of the stamping ma...
I. Mizutani T. Karata K. Takebayashi H. Nakamura
Applying STAMP in Accident Analysis
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Accident models play a critical role in accident investigation and analysis. Most traditional models are based on an underlying chain of events. These models, however, have serious limitations when used for complex, socio-technical systems. Previously, Leveson proposed a new accident model (STAMP) based on system theory. In STAMP, the basic concept is not an event but a constraint. This paper shows how STAMP can be applied to accident analysis using three different views or models of the accident process and proposes a notation for describing this process.
Leveson, Nancy; Daouk, Mirna; Dulac, Nicolas; Marais, Karen
Food Stamp Nutrition Education Study.
The purpose of this study is to provide the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) with descriptive information about how States have elected to provide nutrition education and information to food stamp recipients and eligibles. The specific objectives of the s...
J. Anliker L. Bell C. Miller M. Harkins V. Gabor L. Bartlett
Starting a Library Stamp Club
A stamp club can bring more children into the library and increase the children's use of books and other library materials in many subject areas. Includes ideas for meetings and a bibliography. (Author/JS)
James, Jeanne S.
Experimental and theoretical study of thermal aspects of the hot stamping process
The objective of the present article is the thermal conductance estimation to improve the Usibor 1500P® blank cooling during the hot stamping process. An experimental device was designed and developed to estimate the thermal contact resistance at the part\\/tool interface. The designed stamping tool is composed of a die and a punch made in Z160CDV12 steel and presenting an omega
B. Abdulhay; B. Bourouga; C. Dessain
27 CFR 479.162 - Stamps authorized.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN OTHER FIREARMS Distribution and Sale of Stamps § 479.162 Stamps authorized....
SCB - Stamped Circuit Board technology
Summary form only given. With its Stamped Circuit Board (SCB) technology Heraeus is able to offer a comprehensive concept for the realization of reliable and low cost solutions to thermal dissipation. Whilst requirements are ever increasing, electronic systems themselves continue to become smaller and more complex. Capacities are greater, and the respective power losses have to be dealt with in
M. Benedikt; T. Stenger; K. Andreas; F. Kru?ger
Mortality at an automotive stamping and assembly complex.
Mortality among workers with 2 or more years employment at an automotive stamping and assembly complex was analyzed using standardized mortality ratio (SMR), proportional mortality ratio (PMR), and mortality odds ratio (MOR) methods. The stamping plant all-cause SMR was considerably less than expected (for white men, SMR = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54, 0.79; for black men, SMR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.45, 1.13), indicating a strong "healthy worker effect." However, six stomach cancer deaths produced an SMR of 4.4 (95% CI = 1.62, 9.6) and a PMR of 6.8 (95% CI = 2.5, 15). Based on small numbers of cases, stomach cancer risk increased with duration in stamping and tool and die departments where exposures included drawing compound and other metalworking fluids. Stamping plant lung cancer mortality was elevated among production welders (MOR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 6.3), and increased with duration. Welding was performed on sheet metal sometimes coated with drawing compound, primer, or epoxy resin adhesive. As was observed for the stamping plant, the all-cause SMR for the two assembly plants was unusually low (for white men, SMR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.56, 0.73; for black men, SMR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.75). The lung cancer SMR was not elevated but the MOR was (MOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.4) and increased with assembly plant duration (MOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.02, 3.1, at mean duration of cases). In the assembly plants, paint oven stack emissions had been reintroduced into the plant by the ventilation system. PMID:7810544
Park, R; Krebs, J; Mirer, F
Direct drive digital servo press with high parallel control
Direct drive digital servo press has been developed as the university-industry joint research and development since 1998. On the basis of this result, 4-axes direct drive digital servo press has been developed and in the market on April of 2002. This servo press is composed of 1 slide supported by 4 ball screws and each axis has linearscale measuring the position of each axis with high accuracy less than ?m order level. Each axis is controlled independently by servo motor and feedback system. This system can keep high level parallelism and high accuracy even with high eccentric load. Furthermore the 'full stroke full power' is obtained by using ball screws. Using these features, new various types of press forming and stamping have been obtained by development and production. The new stamping and forming methods are introduced and 'manufacturing' need strategy of press forming with high added value and also the future direction of press forming are also introduced.
Murata, Chikara; Yabe, Jun; Endou, Junichi; Hasegawa, Kiyoshi
Numerical Modeling of the Compaction of Powder Articles of Complex Shape in Rigid Dies: Effect of Pressing Method on Density Distribution. 1. Mechanical Model of Powder Densification
A theory of plasticity of a porous body was formulated taking into account the specifics of powder behavior under pressing. The proposed model of the material under compression is one-parameter with all functions depending on the current density. In order to determine the parameters of the model, use was made of the equilibrium density attained during the compression of an
Mikhail B. Shtern; Oleg V. Mikhailov
Warm and Hot Stamping of Ultra High Tensile Strength Steel Sheets Using Resistance Heating
A warm and hot stamping process of ultra high tensile strength steel sheets using resistance heating was developed to improve springback and formability. In this process, the decrease in temperature of the sheet before the forming is prevented by directly heating the sheets set into the dies by means of the electrical resistance, the so-called Joule heat. Since the heating
K. Mori; S. Maki; Y. Tanaka
Drill Presses.
These instructional materials provide an orientation to the drill press for use at the postsecondary level. The first of seven sections lists seven types of drill presses. The second section identifies 14 drill press parts. The third section lists 21 rules for safe use of drilling machines. The fourth section identifies the six procedures for…
Engelbrecht, Nancy; And Others
Channel stamping lithography of thin film materials
Channel Stamping is a soft lithography technique that can be used to produce patterned films of inorganic and polymer materials, with feature dimensions as small as 10's of nanometers. Lithography is achieved by filling the recessed portions (channels) of a poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS, stamp with a solution precursor or polymer that takes on the shape and dimensions of the channels of
Scott A. Jewhurst
Stamps: A Stimulus for the Gifted Student.
Stamps can enhance the curriculum for gifted students and serve as an exciting introduction to a new hobby as well as a mechanism for developing skills of self-directed learning. Suggestions for followup activities using theme stamp albums (famous persons, science and scientists, animals, and transportation) are given. (CB)
Ball, Jerry L.
Volcanology by Courier: Science in Stamps.
Summarized are five activities involving collection of postage stamps picturing volcanoes or related scenes for use as part of or at the conclusion of the study of volcanoes. Activity topics include volcanic features, location of volcanoes, related land features where volcanoes are not located, and making one's own volcano stamps. (DS)
Glenn, William H.
Stamping Line Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms and Virtual 3D Line Simulation
This paper describes the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) in order to optimize the trajectory followed by industrial robots (IRs) in stamping lines. The objective is to generate valid paths or trajectories without collisions in order to minimize the cycle time required to complete all the operations in an individual stamping cell of the line. A commercial software tool is used to simulate the virtual trajectories and potential collisions, taking into account the specific geometries of the different parts involved: robot arms, columns, dies and manipulators. Then, a genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize trajectories. Both systems, the GA and the simulator, communicate as client - server in order to evaluate solutions proposed by the GA. The novelty of the idea is to consider the geometry of the specific components to adjust robot paths to optimize cycle time in a given stamping cell.
García-Sedano, Javier A.; Bernardo, Jon Alzola; González, Asier González; de Gauna, Óscar Berasategui Ruiz; de Mendivil, Rafael Yuguero González
Springback Prediction, Compensation and Correlation for Automotive Stamping
To reduce weight and increase fuel efficiency and safety, more and more automotive sheet stamping parts are being made of aluminum and high strength steels. Forming of such materials encounters not just reduced formability but also dimensional quality problems. Springback prediction accuracy and compensation effectiveness have been the major challenge to die development, construction and tryout. In this paper, the factors that affect the accuracy of springback prediction are discussed, which includes the effect of material models, the selection of element size, and the contact algorithms. Springback predictions of several automotive aluminum and high strength panels are compared with measurement data. The examples show that the prediction correlates with measurement data in both springback trend and magnitude. The effect of springback on final product can be reduced or eliminated through process control and die face compensation. The process control method involves finding the root causes of springback and eliminating them through process modification. The geometrical compensation of die surface is a direct way to eliminate the springback effect. The global scaling compensation method is normally limited to parts with relatively small springback. For large springback and twisting, a new approach is discussed, which takes into account of the effect of deformation and springback history. The compensation is achieved iteratively by solving a system of non-linear equations. Production dies were cut to the compensated surface, which shows that the die compensation is an efficient way to reduce springback-induced geometry deviation.
Xu, Siguang; Zhao, Kunmin; Lanker, Terry; Zhang, Jimmy; Wang, C. T.
44. INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING NORTH NORTHWEST BEHIND THE STAMP BATTERIES. THIS IS A CLOSE UP VIEW OF THE STAMP SHAFTS WITH THE TAPPETS AND WOODEN STOPS THAT WERE USED TO PLACE THE STAMPS IN AN UP POSITION TO CLEAN OR REPLACE THE STAMP SHOES IN THE MORTAR BOX. - Standard Gold Mill, East of Bodie Creek, Northeast of Bodie, Bodie, Mono County, CA
Usage and Recall of the Food Stamp Office Resource Kit (FSORK) by Food Stamp Applicants in 4 California Counties
Objective: To evaluate recall and usage of the Food Stamp Office Resource Kit (FSORK), a set of nutrition education materials designed for use in food stamp offices. Design: Client intercept exit surveys, an environmental scan, and individual observations of clients in the food stamp office. Setting: Four food stamp offices in California.…
Ghirardelli, Alyssa; Linares, Amanda; Fong, Amy
The Stamp Test for Rock Drillability Classification.
This paper gives a brief description of the Stamp Test for rock drillability classification. Many circumstances in a drilling process interact in a complicated manner which makes it very difficult to construct a complete theoretical model of the process. ...
G. Wijk
Investigation of deformation and failure features in hot stamping of AA6082: Experimentation and modelling
This paper introduces a set of coupled viscoplastic constitutive equations for deformation and damage in hot stamping and cold die quenching of AA6082 panel parts. The equation set can be used to predict viscoplastic flow and plasticity-induced damage of AA6082 under hot forming conditions. Deformation and damage depend upon a coupled set of evolving internal state variables, e.g. dislocation density,
Mohamed S. Mohamed; Alistair D. Foster; Jianguo Lin; Daniel S. Balint; Trevor A. Dean
Time to pay attention: attentional performance time-stamped prefrontal cholinergic activation, diurnality and performance
PubMed Central
Although the impairments in cognitive performance that result from shifting or disrupting daily rhythms have been demonstrated, the neuronal mechanisms that optimize fixed time daily performance are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that daily practice of a sustained attention task (SAT) evokes a diurnal activity pattern in rats. Here we report that SAT practice at a fixed time produced practice time-stamped increases in prefrontal cholinergic neurotransmission that persisted after SAT practice was terminated and in a different environment. SAT time-stamped cholinergic activation occurred irrespective of whether the SAT was practiced during the light or dark phase or in constant light conditions. In contrast, prior daily practice of an operant schedule of reinforcement, albeit generating more rewards and lever presses per session than the SAT, neither activated the cholinergic system nor affected the animals' nocturnal activity pattern. Likewise, food-restricted animals exhibited strong food anticipatory activity (FAA) and attenuated activity during the dark period but FAA was not associated with increases in prefrontal cholinergic activity. Removal of cholinergic neurons impaired SAT performance and facilitated the reemergence of nocturnality. Shifting SAT practice away from a fixed time resulted in significantly lower performance. In conclusion, these experiments demonstrated that fixed time, daily practice of a task assessing attention generates a precisely practice time-stamped activation of the cortical cholinergic input system. Time-stamped cholinergic activation benefits fixed time performance and, if practiced during the light phase, contributes to a diurnal activity pattern.
Paolone, Giovanna; Lee, Theresa M.; Sarter, Martin
RANKL induces heterogeneous DC-STAMP(lo) and DC-STAMP(hi) osteoclast precursors of which the DC-STAMP(lo) precursors are the master fusogens.
Osteoclasts (OC) are multinucleated bone resorbing cells that form via RANKL-induced fusion of heterogeneous mononuclear OC precursors (OCP). Currently, there are no unique surface markers to distinguish these OCP populations, which are diagnostic for erosive and metabolic bone diseases using culture assays. Thus, we investigated expression of DC-STAMP, a surface receptor required for OCP fusion, during osteoclastogenesis in vitro using a novel monoclonal antibody (1A2). Immunoprecipitation-Western blot analysis of OCP membrane proteins detected 106 kDa dimeric and 53 kDa monomeric DC-STAMP in non-denaturing and denaturing conditions, respectively, with greater sensitivity versus rabbit anti-sera (KR104). 1A2 also detected 99.9% of undifferentiated monocytes as a single population by flow cytometry with a MFI 100-fold over background, while KR104 was not useful in this assay. Functionally, 1A2 inhibited OCP fusion in vitro. RANKL stimulation of OCP induced DC-STAMP(lo) and DC-STAMP(hi) cells, which mature into OC and mononuclear cells respectively as determined by fluorescent microscopy and TRAP assays. Addition of DC-STAMP(hi) cells to purified DC-STAMP(lo) cultures produced larger, more nucleated OC vs. pure DC-STAMP(lo) cultures. RT-qPCR analysis of these two populations showed that OC markers (Trap and Oc-stamp) and fusogenic gene expression (Cd9 and Cd47), were significantly increased in DC-STAMP(lo) vs. DC-STAMP(hi) cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that DC-STAMP is expressed on OCP as a dimer, which is efficiently detected by 1A2 via flow cytometry. RANKL induces osteoclastogenesis by stimulating DC-STAMP internalization in some OCP, and these DC-STAMP(lo) cells display the "master fusogen" phenotype. In contrast, DC-STAMP(hi) OCP can only act as mononuclear donors. PMID:20039274
Mensah, Kofi A; Ritchlin, Christopher T; Schwarz, Edward M
27 CFR 479.163 - Reuse of stamps prohibited.
...Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN OTHER FIREARMS Distribution and Sale of Stamps § 479.163 Reuse of stamps...
Design of Channel Type Indirect Blank Holder for Prevention of Wrinkling and Fracture in Hot Stamping Process
The hot stamping process has been used in the automotive industry to reduce the weight of the body-in-white and to increase passenger safety via improved crashworthiness. In this study, a new form die with a simple structure that can prevent defects such as wrinkle and fracture is proposed for the manufacture of hot stamped components. The wrinkling at the flange cannot be eliminated when using a conventional form die. It is known that the initiation of wrinkling is influenced by many factors such as the mechanical properties of the sheet material, geometry of the sheet and tool, and other process parameters, including the blank holding force (BHF) and the contact conditions. In this research, channel type indirect blank holder (CIBH) is introduced to replace general blank holder for manufacturing the hot stamped center pillar. First, we investigate the tension force acting on the blank according to the channel shapes. We determine the appropriate range by comparing the tension force with the upper and lower BHFs in a conventional stamping process. We then use FE-analysis to study the influence of the slope angle and corner radius of the channel on the formability. Finally, the center pillar is manufactured using the form die with the selected channel.
Choi, Hong-Seok; Ha, Se-Yoon; Cha, Seung-Hoon; Kang, Chung-Gil; Kim, Byung-Min
Food Stamp Program Participation of Refugees and Immigrants
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) dramatically changed the availability of food stamps to immigrants, but not to refugees. However, refugee usage of food stamps in the post-reform era has declined more than usage of either other immigrants or native citizens. We investigate food stamp program participation of immigrants and refugees to ascertain if the resulting decline
Christopher R. Bollinger; Paul Hagstrom
Site Tamper and Material Plow Tool - STAMP
A non-actuated tool has been developed for preparing regolith for in situ measurement by smoothing uneven surfaces and excavating fresher subsurface material for planetary exploration. The STAMP tool contains two tools to prepare regolith for in situ measurement: a tamper to smooth uneven surfaces, and a blade to excavate fresher subsurface material.
Aisen, Norman M.; Collins, Curtis L.; Trebi-Ollennu, Ashitey
Stamps Tell the Story of Nuclear Energy.
This document provides a summary history of the individual scientists principally responsible for the development of nuclear physics and a survey of modern utilization of atomic energy. Identified throughout the booklet are postage stamps illustrating each individual and topic discussed. (SL)
Angelo, Joseph A., Jr.
Pixel Palette: Put Your Stamp on It.
Describes a project used in a senior information design class where the students created their own self-portraits on rubber stamps through the use of Photoshop and QuarkXPress. Explains that the students learned about the difference between line art and continuous tone images as well as the effects of printing ink and papers. (CMK)
Osterer, Irv
Playing to Win: American Sports & Athletes on Stamps
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The Smithsonian National Postal Museum has profiled a wide swath of American life on stamps over the years, and this latest online exhibit from their busy minds looks at American sports and athletes on stamps. The collection was created by Alexander Haimann, and it features dozens of unique and compelling stamps, including the 3-cent stamp issued to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of baseball by Abner Doubleday in Cooperstown, New York. Each page of the site has a different thematic focus, including "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" (featuring notable ballparks) and "American Boxing: From Dempsey to Marciano". There is complete information for each stamp, including material on when the stamp was issued. Also, visitors can zoom in and out on each stamp to look for creative details.
Modernization of Food Stamp Program Almost Complete
Started in 1939, the food stamp program administered by the United States Department of Agriculture is one of the entitlement programs designated to provide a safety net for Americans. The program enjoys some of the greatest bipartisan support and continues to be immensely successful. Earlier this week, the Department of Agriculture announced that the paper stamps which have been issued under the program for over six decades will be completely phased out later this month and replaced by a plastic card that operates in the same fashion as a bank debit card. As part of this transformation of the program, the Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman has commented that the Agriculture Department will be asking for suggestions for a new name for the food stamp program, a move that may also reduce some of the stigma that has been associated with this extremely valuable initiative in the past. Currently only six counties in California and the U.S. territory of Guam still use the paper food stamps. The usually staid Department of Agriculture has also been in the news as of late due to a comment made by a senior official in that government office who noted in an interview that people who eat at food banks are "taking the easy way out." Several elected officials from the state of Ohio took great exception to his comment, remarking in a letter sent to his office that "You have displayed a disparaging attitude toward the victims of hunger and an astonishing lack of awareness of what is happening beyond the Beltway."The first link leads to a news piece from the Washington Post that discusses the modernization of the delivery system for food stamps in detail. The second link will take visitors to a news brief from MSNBC that provides a summary of the debate surrounding the recent comment made by a senior official at the Department of Agriculture regarding the use of food banks. The third link leads to a 3-minute audio feature from NPR on the continuing popularity of food stamp programs across the United States, reported by the venerable Daniel Schorr. The fourth link leads to the official United States Department of Agriculture website about the food stamp program, complete with eligibility details and research reports on the effectiveness of the program. The fifth link leads to an October 2002 report on the continued success of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (known colloquially as WIC), which "safeguards the health of low-income women, infants, and children up to age 5 who are at nutrition risk." The last and final link leads to a site that provides some fine information on the various food stamp benefit program outreach activities that are intended to provide information on eligibility and benefits, with the primary goal of increasing the participation rate amongst those eligible parties.
An Optimization Study of Hot Stamping Operation
In the present study, 3-dimensional finite element analyses for hot-stamping processes of Audi B-pillar product are conducted using JSTAMP/NV and HEEDS. Special attention is paid to the optimization of simulation technology coupling with thermal-mechanical formulations. Numerical simulation based on FEM technology and optimization design using the hybrid adaptive SHERPA algorithm are applied to hot stamping operation to improve productivity. The robustness of the SHERPA algorithm is found through the results of the benchmark example. The SHERPA algorithm is shown to be far superior to the GA (Genetic Algorithm) in terms of efficiency, whose calculation time is about 7 times faster than that of the GA. The SHERPA algorithm could show high performance in a large scale problem having complicated design space and long calculation time.
Ghoo, Bonyoung; Umezu, Yasuyoshi; Watanabe, Yuko; Ma, Ninshu; Averill, Ron
Integrated Sensing System for Stamping Monitoring Control
This paper investigates the feasibility of integrating a draw-in sensor and an array of force sensors under sheet metal tooling surface for the on-line monitoring of stamping operations. The draw-in sensor was developed based on the mutual inductance principle and provided linear results between the draw-in of the tested sheet metal and the induced voltages. The draw-in sensor was tested
N. Mahayotsanun; Jian Cao; Sripati Sah; Robert Gao; C. T. Wang
Croatian postage stamps featuring distinguished medical events and personalities.
Modern Croatian history of postal services started with the first postage stamp issued as a sign of sovereignty and statehood after the Declaration of independence in 1991. A review of recent catalogues and theme collections has shown that of 654 definitive and commemorative stamps issued from 1991 to early 2008, sixteen were dedicated to medicine.Two stamps show health care institutions: ZRC Lipik, and health resort VaraZdinske Toplice; two commemorative stamps call attention to blindness-related issues, and one dedicated to disability is entitled "Mines". A series of three stamps entitled "Flora: Medicinal Herbs" recalls traditional folk medicine. In 2001, a stamp was issued on the occasion of the International Non-smoking Day to warn about the adverse effects of smoking on the development of cardiovascular diseases. The most common medicine-related subject on postage stamps were distinguished physicians and scientists: Ante Sercer, Stjepan Betleheim, Julije Domac, Dr agutin Gorjanovi?-Kramberger, and Duro Baglivi. Indispensable in medical philately are the semi-postal (charity) stamps issued by nonpostal institutions such as the Red Cross, Tuberculosis Week, the Croatian Anti-Cancer League, and the Croatian Diabetic Association. These postage stamps not only remind the public of the rich Croatian healthcare history, but they are also powerful tools to convey messages about public health and disease prevention. PMID:20102255
Salopek, Igor
Postage Stamps and the Teaching of GDR Culture and Civilization.
Proposes the use of postage stamps as sources of information and visual aids in teaching the culture and civilization of the German Democratic Republic. Illustrates how stamps can provide interesting insights into areas such as history, economy, socio-political customs, foreign policy and the arts. (MES)
Di Napoli, Thomas
Bounded Concurrent Time-Stamp Systems Are Constructible.
Concurrent time stamping is at the heart of the solutions to some of the most fundamental problems in distributed computing. Based on concurrent-time-stamp-systems, elegant and simple solutions to core problems such as fcfs-mutual-exclusion, construction ...
D. Dolev N. Shavit
Fabrication of stamps for microcontact printing by injection molding
Microcontact printing has been shown to be a viable lithographic technique for the fabrication of a variety of microelectronic components, including source\\/drain and gate electrodes for organic field effect transistors. Future manufacturing efforts may require a means of mass producing stamps for this process. In the present work, stamps for microcontact printing were rapidly produced by injection molding a commercial
Amol Chandekar; Michael Alabran; Sandip K. Sengupta; Jun S. Lee; Joey L. Mead; Carol M. F. Barry; James E. Whitten; Sivasubramanian Somu; Ahmed A. Busnaina
[NEA News: Teachers Join Food Stamp-ede.
This National Education Association news release looks at the financial problems of teachers, and urges application for food stamps as a means of combating rising prices and highlighting the economic plight of teachers. A number of stories are included in which teachers found it necessary to obtain food stamps in order to make ends meet. The…
National Education Association, Washington, DC.
The Stamp Act in Georgia, 1765-1766.
Effects of the Stamp Act in the Colony of Georgia in 1765 are explored. The pamphlet is one in a series of materials about the American Revolution in Georgia. Designed for junior and senior high school students, it can be used as supplementary reading or a short unit. A teacher's guide is included. The Stamp Act was levied by Britain to force the…
Cook, James F.
A sheet metal forming simulation of automotive outer panels considering the behavior of air in die cavity
During a sheet metal forming process of automotive outer panels, the air trapped between a blank sheet and a die tool can become highly compressed, ultimately influencing the blank deformation and the press force. To prevent this problem, vent holes are drilled into die tools and needs several tens to hundreds according to the model size. The design and the drilling of vent holes are based on expert's experience and try-out result and thus the process can be one of reasons increasing development cycle. Therefore the study on the size, the number, and the position of vent holes is demanded for reducing development cycle, but there is no simulation technology for analyzing forming defects, making numerical sheet metal forming process simulations that incorporate the fluid dynamics of air. This study presents a sheet metal forming simulation of automotive outer panels (a roof and a body side outer) that simultaneously simulates the behavior of air in a die cavity. Through CAE results, the effect of air behavior and vent holes to blank deformation was analyzed. For this study, the commercial software PAM-STAMP{trade mark, serif} and PAM-SAFE{trade mark, serif} was used.
Choi, Kwang Yong; Kim, Yun Chang; Choi, Hee Kwan; Kang, Chul Ho; Kim, Heon Young
Postal Service unveils new space stamps at KSC
Applauding the unveiling of the U.S. Postal Service's newest series of stamps, Space Discovery, are are (left to right) Barry Ziehl, U.S. Postal Service; JoAnn Morgan, KSC associate director of advanced development and shuttle upgrades; Karla Corcoran, Postal Service inspector general; Kristene A. Graves, a student from Lewis Carroll Elementary School; and Dr. Donald Thomas, astronaut and veteran of four Shuttle missions. During the ceremony, Kristene read her essay 'My Stamp Adventure' that she had written for an area-wide contest for the event. The unveiling took place at the KSC Visitor Complex and coincided with NASA's 40th anniversary on this date. Behind the large display can be seen the mockup of an orbiter. The stamps were designed by renowned aerospace artist Attila Heija. The strip of five individual stamps together make up a futuristic scene complete with space vehicles, a futuristic space city, and space explorers. The stamps are available nationwide beginning Oct. 1.
The U.S. Postal Service unveils its newest series of stamps, Space Discovery, at the KSC Visitor Complex. The event coincided with NASA's 40th anniversary on this date. Participating in the unveiling are (left to right) Barry Ziehl, U.S. Postal Service; JoAnn Morgan, KSC associate director of advanced development and shuttle upgrades; Karla Corcoran, Postal Service inspector general; Kristene A. Graves, a student from Lewis Carroll Elementary School ; and Dr. Donald Thomas, astronaut and veteran of four Shuttle missions. Behind them is the mockup of an orbiter. During the ceremony, Kristene read her essay 'My Stamp Adventure' that she had written for an area-wide contest for the event. The stamps were designed by renowned aerospace artist Attila Heija. The strip of five individual stamps together make up a futuristic scene complete with space vehicles, a futuristic space city, and space explorers. The stamps are available nationwide beginning Oct. 1.
Crack-Free, Nondistorting Can For Hot Isostatic Pressing
New method of canning specimens made of composites of arc-sprayed and plasma-sprayed tape reduces outgassing and warping during hot isostatic pressing. Produces can having reliable, crack-free seal and thereby helps to ensure pressed product of high quality. Specimen placed in ring of refractory metal between two face sheets, also of refractory metal. Assembly placed in die in vacuum hot press, where simultaneously heated and pressed until plates become diffusion-welded to ring, forming sealed can around specimen. Specimen becomes partially densified, and fits snugly within can. Ready for further densification by hot isostatic pressing.
Juhas, John J.
Authentication, Time-Stamping and Digital Signatures
Time and frequency data are often transmitted over public packet-switched networks, and the use of this mode of distribution is likely to increase in the near future as high-speed logical circuits transmitted via networks replace point-to-point physical circuits. ALthough these networks have many technical advantages, they are susceptible to evesdropping, spoofing, and the alteration of messages enroute using techniques that are relatively simple to implement and quite difficult to detect. I will discuss a number of solutions to these problems, including the authentication mechanism used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and the more general technique of signing time-stamps using public key cryptography. This public key method can also be used to implement the digital analog of a Notary Public, and I will discuss how such a system could be realized on a public network such as the Internet.
Levine, Judah
Consolidation of thermites by pressing and sintering
Consolidated thermites can be used as chemical heat sources. Pressing and sintering, a power metallurgy technique, has been developed to consolidate thermite parts with uniform density, composition, and calorific output. These materials are safe to handle, machineable, and generate minimum gas pressure upon reaction. This technique consists of die pressing various compositions of blended thermite powders, then isostatic pressing the parts before sintering to ensure the uniform density of the thermite composites. Parts sintered at various temperatures were examined metallographically for compositional uniformity and to determine whether diffusion between the powders had occurred. Flexure and tensile strength values were obtained to determine the temperature range required to produce strong parts. The coordination of metallography and strength values for various compositions and sintering temperature resulted in data that were used to optimize the fabrication process. Consolidation of thermite by pressing and sintering was found to be a valid process for producing uniform, dense, strong thermite parts.
Kelly, M.D.; Abney, L.D.
Characteristics of Food Stamp Households: Summer 1994 (Advance Report).
This report uses data collected by the Food and Consumer Service for quality control purposes for Fiscal year and summer (July & August) 1994. It describes the demographic characteristics of food stamp recipients and the average benefit per houshold. It a...
S. Smolkin
26 CFR 301.6805-1 - Redemption of stamps.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...be made for stamps which have been lost or stolen. (b) Method and conditions of allowance. Such allowance...this section, shall in the absence of fraud or mistake in mathematical calculation, be final and not subject to revision by...
Time stamp creation and evaluation in media effect template
US Patent & Trademark Office Database
A method of creating a template data structure for a media effect involving a media data item to be presented during a presentation of the media effect is disclosed. The method comprises: defining a time stamp for an event of the template data structure, the time stamp comprising a relative time stamp component indicating a time span within the presentation of the media data item as a portion of a duration of the presentation, and an absolute time offset component indicating a time span independent from the duration of the presentation. A related method defines the processing of a media data item to be presented during a presentation, the related method using the above mentioned time stamps to determine a temporal position of an event to occur during the presentation. A corresponding template creator, a media data processor, and a computer readable medium are also disclosed.
27 CFR 479.161 - National Firearms Act stamps.
...Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN OTHER FIREARMS Distribution and Sale of Stamps § 479.161 National Firearms Act...
To Pluto from a First-Class Postage Stamp
The first mission to Pluto is presently under development at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Inspired by a nagging 29-cent postage stamp, the mission concept began with a chance conversation between two engineers.
Staehle, R.; Terrile, R.; Weinstein, S.
164. Photocopied July 1978. VIEW OF STEAMTURBINE BUILDING AT STAMP ...
164. Photocopied July 1978. VIEW OF STEAM-TURBINE BUILDING AT STAMP MILL. BUILDING CONSTRUCTED IN 1921 TO USE EXHAUST STEAM TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. C. 1925. - Quincy Mining Company, Hancock, Houghton County, MI
Small Press Roundup
A small press is, essentially, an enterprise dedicated to overcoming routine publishing attitudes. Reviewing services, reference aids, bookstores, and publishers' addresses are included in this review of small press publications for 1973. (Author/SM)
Katz, Bill
Press Release Writing
As expected, Press Release Writing, from Accurate Online Solutions, offers a helpful tutorial on the art of press release writing. The advice is broken into several easily digestible sections, covering the main themes of the advertising vs. public relations debate, essentials of writing press releases, templates, formats, and samples. The site also offers comprehensive distribution lists for all media formats including electronic media, magazines, newspapers, wire services, and television stations. Interested users will want to subscribe to the free Press Release Writing enewsletter.
Experimental study of heat transfer in hot stamping process
Hot stamping and quenching of boron steel is a novel technology to produce structural automotive parts with an excellent crash\\u000a performance. It offers the opportunity to produce thinner parts with complex shapes and higher mechanical properties. In order\\u000a to increase the simulation expertise of the hot stamping process,, an experimental device has been designed and developed\\u000a to accurately measure the
B. Abdulhay; B. Bourouga; C. Dessain; G. Brun; J. Wilsius
Spacecraft Trajectory Analysis and Mission Planning Simulation (STAMPS) Software
STAMPS simulates either three- or six-degree-of-freedom cases for all spacecraft flight phases using translated HAL flight software or generic GN&C models. Single or multiple trajectories can be simulated for use in optimization and dispersion analysis. It includes math models for the vehicle and environment, and currently features a "C" version of shuttle onboard flight software. The STAMPS software is used for mission planning and analysis within ascent/descent, rendezvous, proximity operations, and navigation flight design areas.
Puckett, Nancy; Pettinger, Kris; Hallstrom,John; Brownfield, Dana; Blinn, Eric; Williams, Frank; Wiuff, Kelli; McCarty, Steve; Ramirez, Daniel; Lamotte, Nicole; Vu, Tuan
Additive patterning of conductors and superconductors by solution stamping nanolithography.
Solution stamping nanolithography (SSNL) was used to print patterns of metallic copper and high-temperature-superconducting YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7}. SSNL combines soft lithography and chemical-solution deposition to achieve direct printing of inorganic materials. The size of the printed patterns is determined by both the stamp feature size and the wetting properties of the solution.
Chang, Nolanne Arlette; Clem, Paul Gilbert; Richardson, Jacob J.; Hsu, Julia W. P.
The Global University Press
The modern world's understanding of American university press has long been shaped by university-press books. American university-press books are good international advertisements for the universities whose logos grace their spines. The growth of transnational scholarship and the expansion of digital communications networks are converging in ways…
Dougherty, Peter J.
Censorship of the Press.
This paper examines censorship of the American Press: past, present, and outlook for the future. The role of the press in the United States is viewed from the perception of the journalist and the government. Two recent free-press conflicts are reviewed in...
R. F. Gibbs, L. W. Freeman
Versatile stamps in microcontact printing: transferring inks by molecular recognition and from ink reservoirs.
Microcontact printing is a heavily used surface modification method in materials and life science applications. This concept article focuses on the development of versatile stamps for microcontact printing that can be used to bind and release inks through molecular recognition or through an ink reservoir, the latter being used for the transfer of heavy inks, such as biomolecules and particles. Conceptually, such stamp properties can be introduced at the stamp surface or by changing the bulk stamp material; both lines of research will be reviewed here. Examples include supramolecular stamps with affinity properties, polymer-layer-grafted PDMS stamps, and porous multilayer-grafted PDMS stamps for the first case, and hydrogel stamps and porous stamps made by phase-separation micromolding for the second. Potential directions for future advancement of this field are also discussed. PMID:20127770
Xu, Huaping; Huskens, Jurriaan
Method for hot pressing irregularly shaped refractory articles
The present invention is directed to a method for hot pressing irregularly haped refractory articles with these articles of varying thickness being provided with high uniform density and dimensional accuracy. Two partially pressed compacts of the refractory material are placed in a die cavity between displaceable die punches having compact-contacting surfaces of the desired article configuration. A floating, rotatable block is disposed between the compacts. The displacement of the die punches towards one another causes the block to rotate about an axis normal to the direction of movement of the die punches to uniformly distribute the pressure loading upon the compacts for maintaining substantially equal volume displacement of the powder material during the hot pressing operation.
Steinkamp, William E. (Clinton, TN); Ballard, Ambrose H. (Knoxville, TN)
Thermal contact resistance estimation at the blank\\/tool interface: experimental approach to simulate the blank cooling during the hot stamping process
In the present paper, an experimental device designed and developed to estimate the thermal contact resistance (R\\u000a \\u000a C\\u000a \\u000a ) at the blank\\/tool interface is presented along with the simulation chain used to validate the experimental results. The designed\\u000a stamping tool is composed of a die and a punch made in Z160CDV12 steel and presenting an omega shape. Sample and tools
Bakri Abdul Hay; Brahim Bourouga; Christine Dessain
45 CFR 205.25 - Eligibility of supplemental security income beneficiaries for food stamps or surplus commodities.
...supplemental security income beneficiaries for food stamps or surplus commodities. 205...supplemental security income beneficiaries for food stamps or surplus commodities. ...such plan. (2) The bonus value of the food stamps (according to the Food...
Die Fadeninjektion
Die Fadeninjektion ist eine in Entwicklung befindliche neue, minimal invasive Implantationstechnik für metabolisch induktive Werkstoffe. Sie schafft eine Möglichkeit, offenporige Strukturen nach Injektion durch einen dünnen Kanal in den Körper zu implantieren. Der Injektionsvorgang ist schematisch in Abb. 45.1 dargestellt. Der Faden wird während der Injektion vom Trägerfluid über Reibungs- und Druckkräfte kontinuierlich durch den Injektionskanal vorgeschoben und legt sich als makroskopisch offenporige Struktur in der Form eines Fadenknäuels am Injektionsort ab. Voraussetzung für die Injizierbarkeit ist eine genügend kleine Biegesteifigkeit des Fadens, damit sich eine Knäuelstruktur durch die zufälligen Windungen des Fadens überhaupt ausbilden kann. Beispiele von Implantatstrukturen zeigt Abb. 45.1.
Lüscher, Patrik; Wintermantel, Erich
Assisted dying.
The Royal College of Physicians took a neutral position on the House of Lords Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill. While modern palliative care and the hospice approach have greatly reduced terminal suffering, they do not always achieve total relief of distressing symptoms--he majority of dying patients and their families probably do not receive optimal terminal care. In this article I try to rebut the common arguments against assisted dying and add some arguments in favour. I suggest that on this issue the medical professions are out of tune with majority public opinion. PMID:16521360
Hoffenberg, Raymond
UV-defined flat PDMS stamps suitable for microcontact printing.
We report a simple method of creating well-defined micropatterns on the surface of a flat PDMS stamp, making it suitable for microcontact printing of proteins. This method only requires a UV lamp (254 nm) and a TEM grid (as a photomask) to modify the surface of PDMS for creating desired micropatterns. By using the UV-modified stamp, a printed protein micropattern that resembles the original TEM grid can be obtained. Surprisingly, unlike the oxygen-plasma-treated PDMS, the UV-modified flat stamp is also long-lasting (>1 week). The method reported herein is very economical for microcontact printing applications because expensive silicon masters and microstructured PDMS are no longer required. PMID:19810720
Xue, Chang-Ying; Chin, Shi Yao; Khan, Saif A; Yang, Kun-Lin
Numerical Simulation of Textile Composite Stamping On Double Dome
Stamping is one of the most effective ways to form textile composites in industry for providing high-strength, low-weight and cost-effective products. This paper presents a fully continuum mechanics-based approach for stamping simulation of textile fiber reinforced composites by using finite element (FE) method. A previously developed non-orthogonal constitutive model is used to represent the anisotropic mechanical behavior of textile composites under large deformation during stamping. Simulation are performed on a balanced plain weave composite with 0 deg./90 deg. and {+-}45 deg. as initial yarn orientation over a benchmark double dome device. Simulation results show good agreement with experimental output in terms of a number of parameters selected for comparison.
Xiongqi Peng [School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 (China); Department of Plasticity Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 (China); Zia Ur Rehman [School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 (China)
Hoewel die retorika bykans 26 eeue oud is, word die relevansie daarvan vir ons eie tyd toenemend besef soos blyk uit die kragtige en omvattende "rhetorical (re)turn" die afgelope dekades in Amerika en elders. Die retorika verskqf inderdaad ook in ons tyd steeds 'n sleutel tot die wyse waarop mense dink, argumenteer en oorreed, aangesien hedendaagse sprekers en skrywers, gebore
Dorothea van Zyl
Food Stamp Program Operations Study. Report on the Census of State Operations: Job Search Programs.
Work registration has been required of able-bodied, nonexempt food stamp recipients since 1971. Job search also has been an important employment and training service provided to food stamp recipients. Prior to 1982, State Job Service agencies administrate...
C. K. Fairchild
The Pichs Collection: Exploring Cuba's History Through Postal Stamps
Thanks to Web technology, visitors can take in all three of these small, geographically distant exhibitions, sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and its affiliates, in less than an afternoon. Exploring Cuba's History through Postal Stamps is the first collaboration between the Smithsonian and the San Carlos Institute of Miami, Florida. Curator Ronald E.G. Davies, Aviation Historian, National Air and Space Museum, presents images of stamps, letters, and postcards, some with drawings of Cuban airplanes, photographs of planes, maps, or text, on the brown paper background of an airmail package.
The Prison Press.
The prison press in the United States operates under varying degrees of First Amendment freedom. Court decisions have been varied, and have not resolved whether convicts can produce or receive publications without censorship by prison officials. Until about 1970, censorship of the prison press was rarely challenged. Most newspapers and magazines…
Hausman, John
Presidential Press Conferences.
This report discusses the background, advantages, and disadvantages of the televised presidential press conference, citing the opinions of numerous newspaper and magazine writers. After presenting a brief overview of the presidential press conference from the administration of Theodore Roosevelt to that of Eisenhower, the report discusses the type…
Moore, Susan E.
Bifunctional, Chemically Patterned Flat Stamps for Microcontact Printing of Polar Inks
Different methods to create chemically patterned, flat PDMS stamps with two different chemical functionalities were compared. The best method for making such stamps, functionalized with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFDTS) and 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS), appeared to be full functionalization of a freshly oxidized flat PDMS stamp with either adsorbate, followed by renewed oxidation through a mask and attachment of the other adsorbate. These stamps
Xuexin Duan; Veera B. Sadhu; András Perl; Mária Peter; David N. Reinhoudt; Jurriaan Huskens
49 CFR 238.119 - Rim-stamped straight-plate wheels.
...2013-10-01 false Rim-stamped straight-plate wheels. 238.119 Section...Requirements § 238.119 Rim-stamped straight-plate wheels. (a)(1...is equipped with a rim-stamped straight-plate wheel if a brake shoe...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...2010-10-01 false Rim-stamped straight-plate wheels. 238.119 Section...Requirements § 238.119 Rim-stamped straight-plate wheels. (a)(1...is equipped with a rim-stamped straight-plate wheel if a brake shoe...
...2009-10-01 false Rim-stamped straight-plate wheels. 238.119 Section...Requirements § 238.119 Rim-stamped straight-plate wheels. (a)(1...is equipped with a rim-stamped straight-plate wheel if a brake shoe...
Prototype tryout and die design for automotive parts using welded blank hydroforming
Hydroforming is the technology that utilizes hydraulic pressure to form tube and sheet materials into desired shapes inside die cavities. It can be characterized as tube hydroforming and sheet hydroforming depending on the shape of used blank. Hydroforming offers several advantages as compared with conventional manufacturing via stamping and welding, such as part consolidation, weight reduction, improved structural strength and
Y. S Shin; H. Y Kim; B. H Jeon; S. I Oh
Trade Unions about the Press.
This paper analyzes the attitudes of three Swedish trade unions toward the press. Local representatives of the unions answered a questionnaire about their contact with the local press, the press's impact on public opinion, fairness of press reporting, the press's fulfillment of its duties in informing the public, and future control of mass media.…
Strid, Jan
Report on Nutrition and Special Groups. Part 1--Food Stamps.
The contents of this report by the staff of the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs--based on information gathered at the National Nutrition Policy hearings, from testimony before the Select Committee and the Senate Agriculture Committee and through staff investigation--are organized in nine chapters, as follows: (1) Food Stamp…
Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs.
Improving the Accuracy of Stamping Analyses Including Springback Deformations
An accurate prediction of sheet metal deformation including springback is one of the main issues in an efficient finite element (FE) simulation in automotive and stamping industries. Considering tooling design for newer class of high-strength steels, in particular, this requirement became an important aspect for springback compensation practices today. The sheet deformation modeling accounting Bauschinger effect is considered to be a key factor affecting the accuracy of FE simulations in this context. In this article, a rate-independent cyclic plasticity model is presented and implemented into LS-Dyna software for an accurate modeling of sheet metal deformation in stamping simulations. The proposed model uses Hill's orthotropic yield surface in the description of yield loci of planar and transversely anisotropic sheets. The strain-hardening behavior is calculated based on an additive backstress form of the nonlinear kinematic hardening rule. The proposed model is applied in stamping simulations of a dual-phase steel automotive part, and comparisons are presented in terms of part strain and thickness distributions calculated with isotropic plasticity and the proposed model. It is observed that both models produce similar plastic strain and thickness distributions; however, there appeared to be considerable differences in computed springback deformations. Part shapes computed with both plasticity models were evaluated with surface scanning of manufactured parts. A comparison of FE computed geometries with manufactured parts proved the improved performance of proposed model over isotropic plasticity for this particular stamping application.
Firat, Mehmet; Karadeniz, Erdal; Yenice, Mustafa; Kaya, Mesut
Evaluation of surface topography parameters for friction prediction in stamping
The continued globalisation of the automotive industry, leading to increasing demands for competitiveness and escalating legislative requirements, is the main driving force of research activities of steel sheet surfaces. Recent studies on the stamping process have been carried out among others within AUTOsurf, a project funded by the European Community, and by Wihlborg and Crafoord. The purpose of this study
D. Wiklund; A. Wihlborg; B.-G. Rosén
The Formability of Friction Stir Welds in Automotive Stamping Environments
Automobile body and truck cab structures are composed primarily of stampings formed from monolithic and constant gage blanks. Cost and weight penalties can arise when strength or other requirements in one small area of the part leads to the use of a material or gage that is overmatched to the needs of the rest of the stamping. Tailor Welded Blanks (TWBs) are hybrid sheet products composed of either different materials or different thickness sheets that are joined together, then subjected to a stamping operation to create a formed assembly. The strategy is employed generally to save weight and material costs in the formed assembly by placing higher strength or thicker sections only where needed. The forming or stamping process requires the joint to be severely deformed along with the parent sheets. Aluminum TWBs for automotive applications are particularly problematic because of the low formability of aluminum weld metal. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a process recently applied to Aluminum TWBs that has the potential to produce a higher quality weld. The current study presents data on the mechanical properties, formability, and FSW weld process parameter development for friction stir welded aluminum, Tailor Welded Blanks. Friction stir welded TWBs can be shown to have higher formability, higher ductility, and lower defect content than many competing joining processes, and they can be fabricated at speeds appropriate for automotive manufacturing.
Grant, Glenn J.; Davies, Richard W.; Stephens, Elizabeth V.; Wazny, Scott; Kaunitz, Leon; Waldron, Douglas J.
Friction stir spot welding of hot-stamped boron steel
Hot-stamped, boron steel was successfully joined via friction stir spot welding using polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tooling. The resulting microstructure, microhardness and mechanical properties are reported, including a brief look into failure mechanisms. Relationships between the unique mechanical mixing, phase transformations and failure initiation sites associated with joining martensitic steels are characterized.
Hovanski, Yuri; Santella, M. L.; Grant, Glenn J.
Automobile body and truck cab structures are composed primarily of stampings formed from monolithic and constant gage blanks. Cost and weight penalties can arrise when strength or other requirements in one small area of the part leads to the use of a material or gage that is overmatched to the needs of the rest of the stamping. Tailor Welded Blanks (TWBs) are hybrid sheet products composed of either different materials or different thickness sheets that are joined together, then subjected to a stamping operation to create a formed assembly. The strategy is employed generally to save weight and material costs in the formed assembly by placing higher strength or thicker sections only where needed. The forming or stamping process requires the joint to be severely deformed along with the parent sheets. Aluminum TWBs for automotive applications are particularly problematic because of the low formability of aluminum weld metal. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a process recently applied to Aluminum TWBs that has the potential to produce a higher quality weld. The current study presents data on the mechanical properties, formability, and FSW weld process parameter development for friction stir woined, aluminum, Tailor Welded Blanks. Friction stir welded TWBs can be shown to have higher formability, higher ductility, and lower defect content than many competing joining processes, and they can be fabricated at speeds appropriate for automotive manufacturing.
Grant, Glenn J.; Davies, Richard W.; Stephens, Elizabeth V.; wazny, scott; Kaunitz, Leon; Waldron, D.
A Path-Independent Forming Limit Criterion for Stamping Simulations
Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) has been proved to be a powerful tool for assessing necking failures in sheet metal forming analysis for majority of stamping operations over the last three decades. However, experimental evidence and theoretical analysis suggest that its applications are limited to linear or almost linear strain paths during its deformation history. Abrupt changes or even gradual deviations
Xinhai Zhu; Laurent Chappuis; Z. Cedric Xia
Microcontact Printing of Dendrimers, Proteins, and Nanoparticles by Porous Stamps
Porous stamps fabricated by one-step phase separation micromolding were used for microcontact printing of polar inks, in particular aqueous solutions of dendrimers, proteins, and nanoparticles. Permanent hydrophilicity was achieved without any additional treatment by tailored choice of the polymer components. Pores with several hundred nanometers to micrometers were obtained during the phase separation process. These pores can act as ink
Huaping Xu; Xing Yi Ling; Bennekom van Joost; Xuexin Duan; Manon J. W. Ludden; David N. Reinhoudt; Matthias Wessling; Rob G. H. Lammertink; Jurriaan Huskens
Micromachining on copper and nickel by electrochemical wet stamping
The fabrication of microstructures on copper and nickel has been achieved by an approach named electrochemical wet stamping (E-WETS). The E-WETS process allows the direct imprinting of microscopic reliefs on an agarose stamp into nickel and copper through a selective anodic dissolution process. The pre-patterned agarose with a high gel strength that has been soaked in a desired etching solution is employed as a stamp. It can direct and supply the solution preferentially on the contact area owing to the constant supply of electrolyte from the agarose stamp to the interface and then the electrochemical reaction is limited only to the contact area. Simultaneously, the product can be removed from the gel/substrate interface. On the basis of the electrochemical behavior of the copper electrode in contact with the agarose full of 0.1 M HClO4, the potential for the electrochemical micromachining was chosen to be a relatively low value, 0.4 V versus SCE, to prevent the generation of cuprous oxide. A voltage pulse was applied to the electrochemical machining of nickel. The pulse amplitude was set to 8 V versus SCE to take the electrode into the transpassivation region rather than the passivation region in the pulse duration. Furthermore, the different electrochemical mechanisms involved in the etching process have been discussed in detail.
Tang, Jing; Zhang, Li; Tian, Xiaochun
Stamp Accuracy Enhancement Through Received Signal Strength Adaptive Kalman Filtering
In this paper we present a novel method for improving the terminal position estimation that the standard mobile network positioning techniques based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) provide, using a statistical filtering approach. The proposed method extends the STAMP concept by applying an adaptive Kalman filtering mechanism to the RSS values measured by the mobile terminal. The implementation of the
J. G. Markoulidakis; C. Desiniotis; D. Nikolaidis
Design of stamping and sheet hydroforming test unit
In order to determine the formability of sheets and obtain the optimum process parameters for the processes, various experiments have to be performed. Some of these experiments are Limiting Dome Height (LDH) and Marciniak tests which are traditional biaxial tests and sheet hydroforming tests. For the purpose of determining process limitations and estimation of stamping characteristics in sheet metal forming,
Murat Dilmeç; Mevlüt Türköz; H. Selçuk Halkaci
The Ph.D. Now Comes with Food Stamps
A record number of people are depending on federally financed food assistance. Food-stamp use increased from an average monthly caseload of 17 million in 2000 to 44 million people in 2011, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Web site. Last year, one in six people--almost 50 million Americans, or 15 percent of the population--received…
Patton, Stacey
Food Stamp Recipients Eat More Vegetables after Viewing Nutrition Videos.
A study in three California counties found that food stamp recipients who viewed a videotape promoting vegetables had increased their knowledge of vegetables and greatly increased their consumption of potatoes and raw vegetables two to six weeks later. The feasibility of using videotaped nutrition instruction with low-income adults is discussed.…
Joy, Amy Block; Feldman, Nancy; Fujii, Mary Lavender; Garcia, Linda; Hudes, Mark; Mitchell, Rita; Bunch, Sybille; Metz, Diane
Laser welding of Al-Si coated hot stamping steel
Advanced high strength steel (AHSS) is being increasingly used in automotive industries for weight reduction purposes. Hot stamping steel, which is a boron alloyed steel, has a strength greater than 1500MPa after hot forming and successive quenching. Because the heating temperature is normally greater than 900°C, a thin Al-Si based coating layer is applied to the steel surface to prevent
C. Kim; M. J. Kang; Y. D. Park
78 FR 10201 - Proposed Information Collection; Electronic Duck Stamp Program
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...INFORMATION: I. Abstract On March 16, 1934, President Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (16 U.S.C. 718a et seq.) requiring all migratory waterfowl hunters 16 years of age or older to buy a Federal migratory bird...
27 CFR 28.101 - Packages to be stamped.
...Foreign-Trade Zone, or Transportation to a Manufacturing Bonded Warehouse § 28.101 Packages to be stamped. Each package...removal from the bonded premises. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1512-0189) (Sec....
The Post Office Unveils the E-Stamp.
Describes the first approved Internet postage product, which would allow users to print postage from their PCs. Discusses beta testing of the "E-Stamp" software; software companies investing in the technology; competitive programs; the small-business market; strategic alliances with envelopes, labels, and scales manufacturers; and future…
Peppriell, Barbara
Fully automated hot embossing processes utilizing high resolution working stamps
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a fast replication technology for structures with sizes ranging from micrometer down to few nanometers range. This paper describes the technology for imprinting of polymer substrates as well as spin-on polymers by using soft working stamp materials. A fully automated hot embossing system, the EVG®750 was built to use this rapid replication processes. By utilizing soft
T. Glinsner; T. Veres; G. Kreindl; E. Roy; K. Morton; T. Wieser; C. Thanner; D. Treiblmayr; R. Miller; P. Lindner
The Press Freedom Database
Developed by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), The Press Freedom Database contains case histories of documented press freedom violations against journalists and media organizations worldwide as well as annual CPJ reports on the violations in specific countries and regions. The case histories document the circumstances in which journalists have been attacked, killed, expelled, censored, harassed, threatened, and/or imprisoned. The database is searchable by journalist name, news organization, type of organization, date, country, or region. Currently, the database, which is updated weekly, contains over 2,000 reports of press freedom violations, spanning from 1993 to the present.
Polish Law Governing the Press.
Uniform text of Law governing the Press of 1/1984 as amended in 1988, 1989, and 1990. The law contains provisions pertaining to rights and responsibilities of journalists; the press council; organization of press activities; rectifications and responses; ...
Modelling Die Compaction in the Pharmaceutical Industry
This chapter presents the current state of die compaction modelling in the pharmaceutical industry. The topic is introduced\\u000a with a review of the particular features of pharmaceutical powder formulations. The operation of rotary production presses\\u000a is described together with experimental procedures developed to characterise die-fill and high-speed compression. The experimental\\u000a techniques described in Chapters 4–8 are employed to characterise the
I. Sinka; A. Cocks
Four Theories of the Press.
A systematic understanding of the press requires an understanding of the social and political structures within which the press operates. This book discusses four theories that have determined the kind of press the Western world has had: authoritarian, libertarian, socially responsible, and Soviet communist. Each chapter discusses press…
Siebert, Fred S.; And Others
Dynamic modeling and experiment of a new type of parallel servo press considering gravity counterbalance
The large capacity servo press is traditionally realized by means of redundant actuation, however there exist the over-constraint problem and interference among actuators, which increases the control difficulty and the product cost. A new type of press mechanism with parallel topology is presented to develop the mechanical servo press with high stamping capacity. The dynamic model considering gravity counterbalance is proposed based on the virtual work principle, and then the effect of counterbalance cylinder on the dynamic performance of the servo press is studied. It is found that the motor torque required to operate the press is a lot less than the others when the ratio of the counterbalance force to the gravity of ram is in the vicinity of 1.0. The stamping force of the real press prototype can reach up to 25 MN on the position of 13 mm away from the bottom dead center. The typical deep-drawing process with 1 200 mm stroke at 8 strokes per minute is proposed by means of five order polynomial. On this process condition, the driving torques are calculated based on the above dynamic model and the torque measuring test is also carried out on the prototype. It is shown that the curve trend of calculation torque is consistent to the measured result and that the average error is less than 15%. The parallel mechanism is introduced into the development of large capacity servo press to avoid the over-constraint and interference of traditional redundant actuation, and its dynamic characteristics with gravity counterbalance are presented.
He, Jun; Gao, Feng; Bai, Yongjun; Wu, Shengfu
Monitoring enzymatic degradation of pericellular matrices through SERS stamping
We introduce a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) stamping approach for acquiring cell-surface specific vibrational spectra of individual living cells under physiological conditions. The SERS stamping approach utilizes a nanostructured metal surface on top of a lithographically defined piston that can be translated in 3-dimensions with nanometer resolution to contact living cells in solution with a pristine metal surface. We applied this approach to characterize the chemical composition of the cellular surface of living MCF7 breast cancer cells and to monitor its change upon addition of the enzyme hyaluronidase, which degrades major constituents of the pericellular matrix. Although the cell surface spectra show significant cell-to-cell fluctuations, a statistical barcode analysis of the spectra ensembles reveals systematic changes in the cell surface SERS spectra upon addition of hyaluronidase, which are consistent with a thinning of the pericellular matrix.We introduce a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) stamping approach for acquiring cell-surface specific vibrational spectra of individual living cells under physiological conditions. The SERS stamping approach utilizes a nanostructured metal surface on top of a lithographically defined piston that can be translated in 3-dimensions with nanometer resolution to contact living cells in solution with a pristine metal surface. We applied this approach to characterize the chemical composition of the cellular surface of living MCF7 breast cancer cells and to monitor its change upon addition of the enzyme hyaluronidase, which degrades major constituents of the pericellular matrix. Although the cell surface spectra show significant cell-to-cell fluctuations, a statistical barcode analysis of the spectra ensembles reveals systematic changes in the cell surface SERS spectra upon addition of hyaluronidase, which are consistent with a thinning of the pericellular matrix. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Figure S1-S5 and Table S1 are available online. See DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30747b
Yan, Bo; Hong, Yan; Chen, Tianhong; Reinhard, Björn M.
The Berkeley Electronic Press
A new electronic publishing company, The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress.com), was launched in December 2000 by three University of California, Berkeley economics professors. The press was created in reaction to the frustration over the traditional publishing world by bepress.com founder Bob Cooter, the Herman Selvin Professor of Law at UC-Berkeley. Bepress.com features four scholarly journals The B. E. Journals in Theoretical Economics, The B. E. Journals in Macroeconomics, The B. E. Journals in Economic Analysis and Policy, and Global Jurist. For a limited time only, the full text for all of these journals is free.
Liquid Supramolecular NanoStamping (LiSuNS)
The development of high resolution bio-devices has generated a demand for the development of novel printing techniques able to minimize fabrication time and labor. Supramolecular NanoStamping (SuNS) is a stamping method that can copy single-stranded DNA features in a sequence specific way in only three steps: a master containing single stranded DNA features is immersed in a solution of complementary DNA (cDNA) molecules modified with a chemical group at the end (Hybridization). Another substrate is placed onto the hybridized master so that a chemical bond can form between cDNA and the secondary substrate (Contact). The two substrates are then separated by heating or mechanical force and a copy composed of cDNA is left on the secondary substrate (Dehybridization). However, like all other contact printing techniques, SuNS' efficiency highly depends on the roughness of the substrates used. Here, we present an extension of SuNS, Liquid Supramolecular NanoStamping (LiSuNS). LiSuNS eliminates the need of contact between two solid substrates by introducing a liquid prepolymer that is cured after contact. Using LiSuNS, we achieved large coverage >10cm?2. Moreover, because LiSuNS prints 3-D physical information as well as 1-D chemical information (i.e DNA sequences), it can be used to generate a complete DNA-based bio-device with 3-D physical shape (e.g. channels) and chemically modified patterns.
Yu, Arum Amy; Stellacci, Francesco
Estimation Model for Magnetic Properties of Stamped Electrical Steel Sheet
Less deterioration in magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets in the process of stamping out iron-core are necessary in order to maintain its performance. First, the influence of plastic strain and stress on magnetic properties was studied by test pieces, in which plastic strain was added uniformly and residual stress was not induced. Because the influence of plastic strain was expressed by equivalent plastic strain, at each equivalent plastic strain state the influence of load stress was investigated. Secondly, elastic limit was determined about 60% of macroscopic yield point (MYP), and it was found to agree with stress limit inducing irreversible deterioration in magnetic properties. Therefore simulation models, where beyond elastic limit plastic deformation begins and magnetic properties are deteriorated steeply, are proposed. Besides considered points in the deformation analysis are strain-rate sensitivity of flow stress, anisotropy under deformation, and influence of stress triaxiality on fracture. Finally, proposed models have been shown to be valid, because magnetic properties of 5mm width rectangular sheets stamped out from non-oriented electrical steel sheet (35A250 JIS grade) can be estimated with good accuracy. It is concluded that the elastic limit must be taken into account in both stamping process simulation and magnetic field calculation.
Kashiwara, Yoshiyuki; Fujimura, Hiroshi; Okamura, Kazuo; Imanishi, Kenji; Yashiki, Hiroyoshi
Application of a dislocation based model for Interstitial Free (IF) steels to typical stamping simulations
With a view to environmental, economic and safety concerns, car manufacturers need to design lighter and safer vehicles in ever shorter development times. In recent years, High Strength Steels (HSS) like Interstitial Free (IF) steels which have higher ratios of yield strength to elastic modulus, are increasingly used for sheet metal parts in automotive industry to meet the demands. Moreover, the application of sheet metal forming simulations has proven to be beneficial to reduce tool costs in the design stage and to optimize current processes. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is quite successful to simulate metal forming processes but accuracy largely depends on the quality of the material properties provided as input to the material model. Common phenomenological models roughly consist in the fitting of functions on experimental results and do not provide any predictive character for different metals from the same grade. Therefore, the use of accurate plasticity models based on physics would increase predictive capability, reduce parameter identification cost and allow for robust and time-effective finite element simulations. For this purpose, a 3D physically based model at large strain with dislocation density evolution approach was presented in IDDRG2009 by the authors [1]. This model allows the description of work-hardening's behavior for different loading paths (i.e. uni-axial tensile, simple shear and Bauschinger tests) taking into account several data from microstructure (i.e. grain size, texture, etc...). The originality of this model consists in the introduction of microstructure data in a classical phenomenological model in order to achieve work-hardening's predictive character for different metals from the same grade. Indeed, thanks to a microstructure parameter set for an Interstitial Free steel, it is possible to describe work-hardening behavior for different loading paths of other IF steels by only changing the mean grain size and the chemical composition. During sheet metal forming processes local material points may experience multi-axial and multi-path loadings. Before simulating actual industrial parts, automotive manufacturers use validation tools-e.g. the Cross-Die stamping test. Such typical stamping tests enable the evaluation of a complex distribution of strains. The work described is an implementation [2] of a 3D dislocation based model in ABAQUS/Explicit and its validation on a Finite Element (FE) Cross-Die model. In order to assess the performance and relevance of the 3D dislocation based model in the simulation of industrial forming applications, the results of thinning profiles predicted along several directions and the strain distribution were obtained and compared with experimental results for IF steels with grain sizes varying in the 8-22 ?m value range.
Carvalho Resende, T.; Balan, T.; Abed-Meraim, F.; Bouvier, S.; Sablin, S.-S.
Application of Raman spectroscopy in forensic investigation of questioned documents involving stamp inks.
Stamp pad inks from different manufacturers across India have been analyzed to investigate the feasibility of Raman scattering as a tool for forensic analysis of questioned documents involving stamp inks. Nine different stamping inks were analyzed by both Raman spectroscopic and HPTLC methods. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods in classifying the investigated stamping inks based on their spectral pattern and HPTLC chromatogram. Raman scattering tool was able to determine the sequence of heterogeneous intersection strokes involving a blue stamp pad ink and other writing instruments, such as ballpoint pen ink (red and black), pencil and laser printer toner. However, this method was unable to resolve the exact sequencing for the intersection strokes involving investigated stamp ink and blue ballpoint ink or gel pen ink (all colors). PMID:23937943
Raza, Ali; Saha, Basudeb
Press-On Optics
The article discusses the design, application, and clinical uses of press-on optics which are descirbed as 1 millimeter thick, flexible lenses or prisms that may be produced in virtually any desired plus or minus dioptric power as ophthalmic lenses, or in any range of usable prism diopter power. (GW)
Thorson, Jon C.
America's Enduring Ethnic Press.
Studies of the history of newspapers in the United States have virtually ignored the ethnically oriented, foreign language press. This gap in journalistic investigation should be filled by considering the two conflicting roles which ethnic newspapers fill: assimilation of the ethnic group into the mainstream of American culture and maintenance and…
Marzolf, Marion
Tower Press Camera
USGS Multimedia Gallery
"4x5" enclosure camera with Rangefinder and Wollensak Raptar lens serial #A18388, 62 mm, 1950s-60s. Manufactured by Busch Optical Manufacturing Company, Chicago, Illinois (also known as Busch Precision Camera Corporation). The company was famous for its versatile press cameras which featured an opti...
Fabrication of Polymer Micropyramid\\/Nanolens Combined Structures Using Microstructured Nanodimpled Aluminum Stamp
In this study, we present an efficient and low-cost fabrication technique of polymer micropyramid\\/nanolens combined structures (MPNL-CS). The present fabrication technique is based on hot embossing of polymer substrates using a microstructured nanodimpled aluminum (MNA) stamp. The MNA stamp for the replication of polymer MPNL-CS was realized by combining three fabrication steps. (1) A nickel stamp with micropyramid array was
Kyoung Je Cha; Bong-Kee Lee; Dong Sung Kim
Laser and focused ion beam combined machining for micro dies
We have developed a laser and focused ion beam (FIB) compound process for press mold dies of a micro lens array (MLA) and a micro needle array (MNA) in a glassy carbon (GC). The press mold die of the MLA was roughly fabricated by UV-YAG laser. After this process, we finished this surface by scanning FIB. As a result, higher accuracy and good roughness of surface profile can be realized. An optical glass is used to confirm the shape of lens. Moreover, we fabricated 6 × 6 through-holes in the GC by the spiral drilling in addition to the focus position movement of the UV laser for press mold die of the MNA. After the FIB process, we were able to make the needle die of surface and hole wall roughness less than 0.9 ?m. A silicon rubber is used to confirm the shape of the holes.
Yoshida, Y.; Okazaki, W.; Uchida, T.
Laser and focused ion beam combined machining for micro dies.
We have developed a laser and focused ion beam (FIB) compound process for press mold dies of a micro lens array (MLA) and a micro needle array (MNA) in a glassy carbon (GC). The press mold die of the MLA was roughly fabricated by UV-YAG laser. After this process, we finished this surface by scanning FIB. As a result, higher accuracy and good roughness of surface profile can be realized. An optical glass is used to confirm the shape of lens. Moreover, we fabricated 6 × 6 through-holes in the GC by the spiral drilling in addition to the focus position movement of the UV laser for press mold die of the MNA. After the FIB process, we were able to make the needle die of surface and hole wall roughness less than 0.9 ?m. A silicon rubber is used to confirm the shape of the holes. PMID:22380333
Yoshida, Y; Okazaki, W; Uchida, T
Minerals on postage stamps: A mix of art, history, economics and geography
Most people would agree that minerals represent some of the most beautiful natural objects known to mankind, especially in the form of precious and semi-precious gemstones. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that they are often illustrated on stamps. Examples are the fine crystalline forms represented as coloured etchings in the French 1986 issue, and the stylized simplicity of the mineral stamps that were part of the Swiss Pro Patria series, issued annually between 1958 and 1961. I aim in this presentation to introduce the beautiful world of mineral illustrations on stamps. The talk cannot be comprehensive because of the very large number of minerals and stamps concerned, but it will introduce the range of minerals depicted on stamps, then look in some greater detail at several sets from France, Southern Africa and East Germany. Minerals become the subject of sets of stamps for many reasons. In many cases, it is part of an attempt by the particular national post office to depict the whole of the natural history of their country in stamp form - a statement of nationality and politics. The 1986 French issue was an example which followed sets of stamps that had already portrayed insects, flowers, trees and birds native to France. We also find that certain countries have produced several sets of stamps to mark the importance to their economy of mining particular minerals. Many African states depend upon minerals for much of their wealth and economic power, explaining why, for instance, Sierra Leone issued over 35 stamps on the subject of diamonds between 1965 and 1978, and why over 77% of mineral stamps come from countries with major mining interests. Countries with traditional links with the history of the study of geology and mining also produce mineral stamps. These are usually European countries with a long record of the study of the Earth, such as Germany and Switzerland. Curiously enough, though, despite its fine tradition of geological observation and research, the United Kingdom has never produced a stamp depicting rocks or minerals. It is often said that the study of stamps is a study of history, language, culture, art, geography and politics. If this is true for stamps in general, it is particularly true for minerals on stamps.
Glover, Paul
Everyone dies.
It's not unusual to be dispatched to one problem and discover something completely different when you arrive. Patients and family members will tell dispatch what they feel is the problem, and dispatch, without the benefit of being on scene, can only pass along the complaint as it was given to them. Upon arrival back at base, the attending paramedic in this case was asking himself questions like, "What if I had done this differently?" and "Did I miss something?" At the conclusion of every patient interaction, there is an opportunity for EMS to review its actions and [table: see text] change its approach to similar cases in the future. The benefit of public-safety agencies providing service in nonemergent situations is the opportunity to "practice" for true crisis incidents. This case, however, did not present many opportunities to improve care or change the outcome. The paramedic's assessment identified the need for the patient to be transported immediately. Immediate packaging of the patient, intubation and pacing were performed on scene--you known this crew was moving. The ED physician concurred that this was a "load and go" situation. The crew is to be commended for taking charge of a critical situation and performing in an expeditious manner. Oxygen, pacing, i.v. and meds were all given in a timely fashion. Unfortunately, this patient's cancer had progressed to a critical point, and the patient was not going to survive even with optimal care. This EMS crew unfortunately walked into an end-of-life event. Despite their best efforts (a total on-scene time of seven minutes and a five-minute transport) and performing every function flawlessly, this patient still died. This patient was given excellent medical service, but perhaps more important, at his critical moment, was in the presence of people who cared. One of the first things we learn in EMS is that people die. Sometimes our job is simply to provide comfort, relieve suffering and communicate with the survivors. Since all humans must die, it is just as important for us to service their needs at that moment in time. From there, we move on to the next call. PMID:12841033
Weinmann, Michael
Press Relations of Terrorist Organizations.
Explores and illustrates the different types of press relations commonly undertaken by terrorist organizations. Argues that large and small groups both engage in publicity efforts, but employ different patterns of press relations activities. (SR)
Picard, Robert G.
New Prairie Press
The New Prairie Press (NPP) was founded at the Kansas State University Libraries in 2007. Created as an open access publishing venture, they focus their work on journals in the humanities, social sciences, and arts. Currently, they publish several journals that include The Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication and the Online Journal of Rural Research & Policy. They also provide editorial support to journals such as The Lion and the Unicorn, which is published by Johns Hopkins University Press. Visitors to the site can read issues from all five of their main journals, and they can also register to receive updates and create lists of their favorite articles. Additionally, users can search all of the journals at one time with the "Journal Content" search engine.
Inner City Press
Based in the South Bronx, the Inner City Press has been publishing a newspaper focused on low-income neighborhoods nationwide since 1987. A few months ago, the organization went online with a weekly publication featuring original and engaging investigative and analytical pieces from a selection of beats, including the Federal Reserve, Community Reinvestment, Insurance Redlining, Wall Street, Environmental Justice, and Banks, among others. The most recent issue (August 30) includes concise reports on predatory lending, the economic crisis in Ecuador, press leaks and the Federal Reserve, and a round-up of bank news. The site also provides overviews and related resources for Community Reinvestment, the Inner City Public Interest Law Center, Environmental Justice, Insurance Redlining, and related topics.
Rodale Press (A)
DOESN'T MEET STANDARDSMaria Rodale, 32-year-old heir apparent to Rodale Press (Runners' World, Bicycling, Organic Gardening, Prevention Magazine) is about to begin a sabbatical to prepare herself for her as-yet-to-be-determined leadership role. She must consider several challenges: ascertaining her new job and convincing the chairman (her mother) to share power, gaining the confidence of more-experienced senior management, navigating family (shareholder) politics,
L. Bourgeois; Catherine Elliott; Marcien Jenckes; Daren Samuels
Executive Committee Press Office
While expecting a huge increase of interest in the IAU as a result of the planet definition issue on the agenda of the IAU XXVI General Assembly, Prague, Czech Republic, August 2006, the Executive Committee appointed Lars Lindberg Christensen as Press Officer in June 2006. He will stay on the job till at least the IAU XXVII General Assembly in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 2009.
Christensen, Lars Lindberg
Sputtered protective coatings for die casting dies
This investigation determined whether selected ion beam sputtered coatings on H-13 die steel would have the potential of improving the thermal fatigue behavior of the steel used as a die in aluminum die casting. The coatings were selected to test candidate insulators and metals capable of providing protection of the die surface. The studies indicate that 1 micrometer thick W and Pt coatings reduced the thermal fatigue more than any other coating tested and are candidates to be used on a die surface to increase die life.
Mirtich, M. J.; Nieh, C. Y.; Wallace, J. F.
Apparatus for restraining and transporting dies
Apparatus for restraining and transporting dies in punch press operations is provided. A floatation platen for supporting a die on the platen's upper surface has a plurality of recessed gas exhaust ports on the platen's lower surface. A source of pressurized gas delivers gas to a platen manifold, for delivery to orifices located in the gas exhaust ports. The flow of gas is controlled by a first valve adjacent the gas source and a second valve adjacent the manifold, with the second valve being used to control the gas flow during movement of the die. In this fashion, a die may be moved on a cushion of air from one workstation to a selected second workstation. A moveable hydraulically operated restraining fixture is also provided, for clamping the die in position during the compacting phase, and for releasing the die after completion of the compacting phase by releasing the hydraulic pressure on the restraining fixture. When pressure in the hydraulic cylinders on the restraining fixture is reversed, the restraining fixture will retract so that there is no contact between the die and the restraining fixture, thereby allowing the die to be removed from a first workstation and moved to a second selected workstation.
Allison, James W. (Monroeville, PA); LaBarre, Timothy L. (Pittsburgh, PA)
Die Innervation des Dünndarmes
Zusammenfassung Bei den mit Curare vergifteten Tieren wird durch die Reizung der Medulla oblongata die Peristaltik und der Tonus des Dünndarmes vermindert. Diese Sympathicuswirkung kann jedoch durch die Durchtrennung des Rückenmarkes unterhalb der Medulla oblongata oder durch die Nicotinisierung des Ganglion coeliacum ausgeschaltet werden. Reizt man die Medulla oblongata nach einem dieser Eingriffe, so kommt es zu einer Steigerung des
B. v. Issekutz
Surface Modification of Elastomeric Stamps for Microcontact Printing of Polar Inks
Chemical modification of the surface of a stamp used for microcontact printing (uCP) is interesting for controling the surface properties, such as the hydrophilicity. To print polar inks, plasma polymerization of allylamine (PPAA) was employed to render the surface of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), polyolefin plastomers (POP), and Kraton elatomeric stamps hydrophilic for long periods of time. A thin PPAA film of
Veera Bhadraiah Sadhu; András Perl; Mária Peter; Dorota I. Rozkiewicz; Gerard Engbers; Bart Jan Ravoo; David N. Reinhoudt; Jurriaan Huskens
Stress Relaxation Testing of Stamped Metal Land-Grid-Array Sockets
Stress relaxation in stamped metal LGA sockets can result in a loss of normal force and an increase in contact resistance, potentially leading to a failure. This paper describes an approach for determining the risks from stress relaxation in stamped metal LGA sockets by taking into account the effect of Joule heating of the socket contacts. Stress relaxation data were
Vidyu Challa; Leoncio D. Lopez; Michael Osterman; Michael G. Pecht
Polymeric microring resonator using nanoimprint technique based on a stamp incorporating a smoothing buffer Layer
A polymeric microring resonator has been proposed and fabricated using the nanoimprint technique based on a stamp incorporating a smoothing buffer layer. It played a pivotal role in improving the sidewall roughness of the waveguide pattern engraved on the stamp and thus reducing its scattering loss. Eventually, the quality factor of the resonator could be enhanced. It also helped narrow
Do-Hwan Kim; Jung-Gyu Im; Sang-Shin Lee; Seh-Won Ahn; Ki-Dong Lee
Food Stamps and Food Insecurity: What Can Be Learned in the Presence of Nonclassical Measurement Error?
Policymakers have been puzzled to observe that food stamp households appear more likely to be food insecure than observationally similar eligible nonparticipating households. We reexamine this issue allowing for nonclassical reporting errors in food stamp participation and food insecurity. Extending the literature on partially identified…
Gundersen, Craig; Kreider, Brent
Multiscale transfer printing into recessed microwells and on curved surfaces via hierarchical perfluoropolyether stamps.
A simple method for the formation of multiscale metal patterns is presented using hierarchical polymeric stamps with perfluoropolyether (PFPE). A dual-scale PFPE structure is made via two-step moulding process under partial photocrosslinking conditions. The hierarchical PFPE stamp enables multiscale transfer printing (MTP) of metal pattern in one step within microwells as well as on curved surfaces. PMID:23606663
Park, Hyunchul; Cho, Hyesung; Kim, Junsoo; Bang, Jung Won; Seo, Soonmin; Rahmawan, Yudi; Lee, Deuk Yeon; Suh, Kahp-Yang
DC-STAMP, the Key Fusion-Mediating Molecule in Osteoclastogenesis.
As a member of the mononuclear phagocyte system, osteoclasts (OC) absorb the bone matrix and participate in bone modeling by keeping a balance with osteoblasts (OB) and stromal cells. Mature OC derive from the fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts (mOC) and the fusion is considered as the indispensable process for the osteoclastogenesis and absorbing activity of OC. DC-STAMP (dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein) has been validated playing a key role in the fusion of mOC. DC-STAMP is mainly expressed in OC, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). While DC-STAMP was discovered in DC, more attentions have been paid to DC-STAMP in OC in this decade. This review will mainly focus on the function of DC-STAMP in OC. Studies on DC-STAMP in DC may also provide new sight for the study of DC-STAMP in OC. Since the function of DC-STAMP is still poorly understood and few studies have been implemented for illustration, many issues are still unknown and need to be revealed. We will also discuss these questions in this review. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1330-1335, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:24420845
Zhang, Chengcheng; Dou, Ce; Xu, Jianzhong; Dong, Shiwu
Stamp forming of polypropylene based fibre–metal laminates: The effect of process variables on formability
In stamp forming of sheet materials, the quality of the part and the robustness of the process are determined by a number of variables. This study looks at the application of the stamping process to a fibre–metal laminate (FML) material system and the effect of the blankholder force, punch feed rate and tool radius on the quality of a channel
Luke Mosse; Paul Compston; Wesley J. Cantwell; Michael Cardew-Hall; Shankar Kalyanasundaram
Effects of WIC and Food Stamp Program participation on child outcomes
This study examines the relationship between WIC and Food Stamp Program participation and young children's health and maltreatment outcomes, utilizing a unique individual-level longitudinal database linking administrative datasets on WIC and Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation, Medicaid enrollment and claims, and child abuse and neglect reports in Illinois. Using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) methods, the data show that any of
Bong Joo Lee; Lucy Mackey-Bilaver
Food Stamp Leavers in Illinois—How Are They Doing Two Years Later? Final Report
This study examined the situation of food stamp recipients in Illinois who left the Food Stamp Program in 1997. About half of all leavers were employed in any given month after exiting the program, and many worked in low-wage jobs. Nearly half of all leavers returned to the program, and more than half had incomes below the poverty level. One-quarter
Anu Rangarajan; Philip M. Gleason
Formability, Flow and Heat Transfer Simulation of Hot Press Forming B-Pillar Part and Tools
The application of the hot press forming part is extended father because it has good formability at high temperature, high strength after rapid cooling in the dies and low springback. Major technologies to develop hot press forming tools are die face design and die cooling system design. In this paper, the forming simulation using coupled thermo-mechanical analysis for dice face design and flow, heat transfer simulation for die cooling system design of B-pillar are performed. Mass production tools of B-pillar are made and dimensional accuracy and hardness of part are checked. And the forming, flow and heat transfer simulation results of hot press formed part are compared with the experimental ones to confirm the validity of the purposed simulations.
Park, Myung Ki; Son, Hyun Sung; Kim, Tai Ho; Choi, Byung Keun
The National Academics Press
This is the home page of The National Academies Press (NAP), created by the National Academies to publish the reports issued by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council, all operating under a charter granted by the Congress of the United States. The NAP publishes more than 200 books a year on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health, capturing the most authoritative views on important issues in science and health policy. In 2011, NAP made thousands of reports available for free download. Access to the cost-free pdf versions is available to registered NAP users.
Canning Of Powdered Metal For Hot Isostatic Pressing
Quality of specimen enhanced by improved canning process. Method developed for canning specimens for hot isostatic pressing. Specimen placed inside refractory-metal ring, then sandwiched between two refractory-metal face sheets. Assembly placed inside die, then positioned in vacuum hot press. Heated to set temperature at prescribed vacuum to burn off all of binder in specimen. Advantages: powder-metallurgy composite totally purged of binder sealed in can in single operation, maintains size, shape, and uniformity of specimen. Weld region does not recrystallize, and little possibility of cracking.
Regulation of human osteoclast development by dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP).
Osteoclasts (OC) are bone-resorbing, multinucleated cells that are generated via fusion of OC precursors (OCP). The frequency of OCP is elevated in patients with erosive inflammatory arthritis and metabolic bone diseases. Although many cytokines and cell surface receptors are known to participate in osteoclastogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of this cellular transformation are poorly understood. Herein, we focused our studies on the dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), a seven-pass transmembrane receptor-like protein known to be essential for cell-to-cell fusion during osteoclastogenesis. We identified an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in the cytoplasmic tail of DC-STAMP, and developed an anti-DC-STAMP monoclonal antibody 1A2 that detected DC-STAMP expression on human tumor giant cells, blocked OC formation in vitro, and distinguished four patterns of human PBMC with a positive correlation to OC potential. In freshly isolated monocytes, DC-STAMP(high) cells produced a higher number of OC in culture than DC-STAMP(low) cells and the surface expression of DC-STAMP gradually declined during osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, we showed that DC-STAMP is phosphorylated on its tyrosine residues and physically interacts with SHP-1 and CD16, an SH2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase and an ITAM-associated protein, respectively. Taken together, these data show that DC-STAMP is a potential OCP biomarker in inflammatory arthritis. Moreover, in addition to its effect on cell fusion, DC-STAMP dynamically regulates cell signaling during osteoclastogenesis. PMID:21987375
Chiu, Ya-Hui; Mensah, Kofi A; Schwarz, Edward M; Ju, Yawen; Takahata, Masahiko; Feng, Changyong; McMahon, Loralee A; Hicks, David G; Panepento, Ben; Keng, Peter C; Ritchlin, Christopher T
Sputtered Protective Coatings for die Casting Dies.
This investigation determined whether selected ion beam sputtered coatings on H-13 die steel would have the potential of improving the thermal fatigue behavior of the steel used as a die in aluminum die casting. The coatings were selected to test candidat...
M. J. Mirtich C. Y. Nieh J. F. Wallace
Delta XTE Press Briefing
Live coverage of the pre-launch Delta X-Ray Timing Explorer (XTE) press briefing is presented. George Diller, NASA Public Affairs, introduces the panel. The panel consists of Floyd Curington, NASA Launch Manager, Kennedy Space Center; David Mitchell, Launch Vehicle Manager, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Dale Schulz, Mission Director, XTE Project Manager Goddard Space Flight Center; Dr. Hale Bradt, XTE Principle Investigator, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); and Joel Tumbiolo, Launch Weather Officer, Department of the Air Force. The launch of the Delta XTE spacecraft atop the Delta 230 expendable launch vehicle is discussed. Once lofted into orbit, the XTE spacecraft will embark on a two-year mission to carry out an in-depth study of x-ray sources in the universe. Floyd Curington gives the lift-off schedule, fueling, and countdown of the spacecraft. David Mitchell discusses the launch sequence and spacecraft separation. Dale Schulz presents viewcharts of the instrument side of the XTE. Dr. Hale will be studying compact stars such as light dwarfs, neutron stars and quasars. Joel Tumbiolo presents the weather forecast for the December 10, 1995 launch. The press briefing ends with a question and answer period.
Iran Weekly Press Digest
The Iran Weekly Press Digest, a weekly review of the Iranian press in English, contains a number of articles on the summit of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference and its significance for Iran in its archived and current issues. The eighth summit of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference was recently held in Tehran, Iran. Iran recently hosted representatives from 55 countries to a three-day Muslim summit in Tehran in a move which is being seen as a new phase in the country's re-emergence after years of relative isolation. The acceptance of Iran's invitations by senior figures from former enemies such as Saudi Arabia and Iraq has been portrayed by Iranian leaders and many others as a strong setback for US attempts to politically quarantine that country. Representatives considered 142 resolutions prepared by foreign ministers on issues including Middle East peace, regional conflicts, terrorism and human rights. However, perhaps the most significant outcome of the summit has been a reintroduction of Iran into the Muslim community of nations. Capitalizing on current anti-American sentiments and the recent election of a relatively moderate president, Iran hopes to rebuild its relationships with its neighbors and once again become a regional leader, a position it held for approximately 3000 years.
Summaries of press automation conference presented
The automation and mechanization of cold and hot stamping were discussed. Problems in the comprehensive mechanization and automatio of stamping in machine building development were examined. Automation becomes effective when it is implemented in progressive manufacturing processes and a comprehensive approach to the solution of all problems, beginning with the delivery of initial materials and ending with the transportation of finished products to the warehouse. Production intensification and improvments of effectiveness of produced output through the comprehensive mechanization and automation of stamping operations are reported.
Makhlin, A. Y.; Pokrovskaya, G. M.
Hand pressing device for making fuel briquettes from soaked paper
A hand pressing device includes a pressing die in the form of an open-topped rectangular box having a loose perforated bottom plate. The inner walls of the box are smooth. The box is filled with soaked waste paper, particularly old newspapers and a loose pressing plunger with a flat perforated bottom is pressed into the box down to a predetermined penetration depth, whereby water is squeezed out of the soaked paper and escapes both upwards through the perforated bottom of the plunger and downwards through the perforated bottom plate of the box to form a briquette of predetermined dimensions and predetermined density. Upon withdrawal and removal of the pressing plunger and inversion of the box to an upside down position, the briquette thus produced can readily be pressed out of the box by exerting thumb pressure on the loose bottom plate. The side and end faces of the briquette slide along the inner wall of the box with low friction and without being torn. After drying in air, the briquette forms an excellent fuel for fireplaces and stoves.
Foldbjerg, E.
Open Humanities Press
As more and more journals elect to move to an open-source model, it is delightful to learn about the existence of the Open Humanities Press (OHP). Their mission is "to make leading works of contemporary critical thought freely available worldwide." First-time visitors will want to look over the "About OHP" section before delving into the rest of the site. Afterwards, they should feel free to look through one of their seven journals, which include "Cosmos and History", "Culture Machine", "Film-Philosophy", and "Fibreculture". While all of the journals are worth a look, the "Film-Philosophy" journal is particularly compelling, and visitors can browse through issues back to 1997. Finally, visitors can also learn about submitting their work for consideration and also take in a few essays about the guiding principles and history of the OHP.
Stony Brook Press
The State University of New York at Stony Brook has an impressive set of digital collections spanning poetry, history, and geography. This particular section of the digital initiative, known as DSpace, brings together past issues of the Stony Brook Press. This institutional journal is published every two weeks, and this particular archive contains over 560 issues. It's far from dry as it reports on everything from new literary endeavors to changes within the faculty. As one of the largest schools in the state system, this school has undergone many changes in the past twenty years, and this publication is a great way to learn more about the school's history. Also it is easy to search through past issues via the advanced search option.
A novel time stamping technique for distributed data acquisition systems
In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a synchronizing technique for data acquisition systems, which can effectively use the normal, standard local area network cables to provide a time stamp, with a range up to 32 days, resolution of 10 ns, and synchronization within +/- 5 ns. This system may be used to synchronize data being collected by independent heterogeneous data acquisition modules, that acquire events independently. Such distributed systems are generally designed with a tree-like structure or independent self-triggered acquisition boxes. These leaf edges are connected through branches to the root node, via non-bus based inter-connecting links. The present system has been tested with a set of self-triggered digital signal processing based data acquisition engines, having a 100 MHz analog to digital converter front end.
Subramaniam, E. T.
To Pluto by way of a postage stamp
In this time of constrained budgets, the primary question facing planetary explorers is not 'Can we do it?' but 'Can we do it cheaply?' Taunted by words on a postage stamp, a group of mission designers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is struggling to find a cheap way to go to Pluto. Three primary goals were set by the science community: (1) imaging of Pluto and Charon, (2) mapping their surface composition, and (3) characterizing Pluto's atmosphere. The spacecraft will be designed around these primary goals. With the help of the Advanced Technology Insertion (ATI) process $5 million was alloted for two years to shop for lightweight components and subsystems using new technology never tried on a planetary mission. The process for this search and development is described.
Staehle, Robert L.; Terrile, Richard J.; Weinstein, Stacy S.
CIDER PRESS, LOOKING SOUTHEAST ACROSS THE SCHUYLKILL RIVER. THIS PRESS, CARVED OUT OF A LARGE BOULDER AT THE RIVERS EDGE, PROBABLY DATES FROM THE LIFETIME OF JOHN BARTRAM, IF NOT TO THE SWEDISH SETTLERS BEFORE HIM. THE IRON FENCE IS A NINETEENTH-CENTURY ADDITION - John Bartram House & Garden, 54th Street & Lindbergh Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA
Extracting Hot spots of Topics from Time Stamped Documents.
Identifying time periods with a burst of activities related to a topic has been an important problem in analyzing time-stamped documents. In this paper, we propose an approach to extract a hot spot of a given topic in a time-stamped document set. Topics can be basic, containing a simple list of keywords, or complex. Logical relationships such as and, or, and not are used to build complex topics from basic topics. A concept of presence measure of a topic based on fuzzy set theory is introduced to compute the amount of information related to the topic in the document set. Each interval in the time period of the document set is associated with a numeric value which we call the discrepancy score. A high discrepancy score indicates that the documents in the time interval are more focused on the topic than those outside of the time interval. A hot spot of a given topic is defined as a time interval with the highest discrepancy score. We first describe a naive implementation for extracting hot spots. We then construct an algorithm called EHE (Efficient Hot Spot Extraction) using several efficient strategies to improve performance. We also introduce the notion of a topic DAG to facilitate an efficient computation of presence measures of complex topics. The proposed approach is illustrated by several experiments on a subset of the TDT-Pilot Corpus and DBLP conference data set. The experiments show that the proposed EHE algorithm significantly outperforms the naive one, and the extracted hot spots of given topics are meaningful. PMID:21765568
Chen, Wei; Chundi, Parvathi
Die Oogenese der Tipuliden
1.Es wird die Oogenese von 10 Arten der Familie Tipulidae (Nematocera, Diptera) beschrieben. Von Pales crocata, Tipula oleracea, T. caesia und T. lateralis wurden die Oogonienteilungen und Reifeteilungen im Ei; von P. scurra, P. quadristriata, T. pruinosa und T. marginata die Oogonienteilungen; von P. pratensis und T. paludosa die RT I im Ei untersucht.2.Der Chromosomenbestand von Tipula caesia und T.
Klaus Bayreuther
A method of printing uniform protein lines by using flat PDMS stamps.
In this paper, we report a method of printing uniform protein lines on glass slides by using UV-treated flat PDMS stamps. Unlike traditional microcontact printing (?CP) which requires microstructured PDMS stamps, this ?CP method only requires a flat PDMS stamp, an UV lamp and a number of straight needles. Our results show that lines of bovine serum albumin (BSA), immunoglobin (IgG), anti-biotin, anti-human IgG and anti-mouse IgG can be printed evenly on glass slides by using this ?CP method. We also demonstrate that the printed protein lines are suitable for applications such as microfluidic immunoassays. PMID:20933241
Zhang, Wei; Xue, Chang-Ying; Yang, Kun-Lin
Conical tungsten stamps for the replication of pore arrays in anodic aluminium oxide films
A tungsten master stamp has been generated by applying a novel procedure that includes two-step anodizing, followed by sequential anodizing and pore widening to develop nominally funnelled pores. These conical-shaped pores were filled with tungsten by sputter coating to manufacture a master stamp. Under a pressure of 65 MPa, the master stamp successfully embossed the surface of annealed and electropolished aluminium. The embossed surface was then used to control the position of pores created by anodizing under the conditions used to produce the original pore array.
LeClere, D. J.; Thompson, G. E.; Derby, B.
Conical tungsten stamps for the replication of pore arrays in anodic aluminium oxide films.
A tungsten master stamp has been generated by applying a novel procedure that includes two-step anodizing, followed by sequential anodizing and pore widening to develop nominally funnelled pores. These conical-shaped pores were filled with tungsten by sputter coating to manufacture a master stamp. Under a pressure of 65 MPa, the master stamp successfully embossed the surface of annealed and electropolished aluminium. The embossed surface was then used to control the position of pores created by anodizing under the conditions used to produce the original pore array. PMID:19468168
LeClere, D J; Thompson, G E; Derby, B
Die drool and die drool theory
When molten plastic is extruded from a die, it sometimes collects on the open face of the die. Known as die drool, this phenomenon costs plastics manufacturers by requiring die cleaning. This has been attributed to many causes, but none of these has led to an equation for the drool rate. In this work we provide an exact analytical solution for the drool rate, and we base this solution on a postulate of a cohesive slip layer near the die walls. We thus attribute die drool to cohesive failure within the fluid at an internal surface where the fluid slips on itself. We adimensionalize the drool rate with the production rate, and call this the build up ratio, BR. We provide an exact analytical solution for BR when the cohesive slip layer either sticks at the wall. We examine the slit geometry corresponding to sheet or film extrusion.
Schmalzer, A. M.; Giacomin, A. Jeffrey
The CIA and the Press.
The involvement of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with both United States and foreign news media has been recorded in numerous publications. This report reviews the important aspects of the CIA-press relationships as they have appeared in print and discusses the implications of these relationsihps for the credibility of the press. Media…
Carvalho, Bernardo A.
Effects of WIC and Food Stamp Program Participation on Child Outcomes.
Both joint or separate participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and the Food Stamp Program reduces the risk of child abuse or neglect and several nutrition-related health problems, such as anemia, ...
B. J. Lee L. Mackey-Bilaver M. Chin
Food Stamp Program Operations Study. Report on Census of State Operations: Monthly Reporting Systems.
Since 1981, Federal legislation has required at lease some food stamp recipients to file monthly reports on their income and other circumstances related to eligibility and benefit levels. Although the requirements have changed over time, they have consist...
W. L. Hamilton
42 CFR 71.3 - Designation of yellow fever vaccination centers; Validation stamps.
...health department, may revoke designation. (b) Validation stamps. International Certificates of Vaccination against cholera and yellow fever issued for vaccinations performed in the United States shall be validated by: (1) The Seal of the...
Enhanced Mechanical Properties of a Hot-Stamped Advanced High-Strength Steel via Tempering Treatment
The hot stamping process has an extensive range of applications due to its advantages over the traditionally used stamping techniques developed in the past. To enhance the mechanical properties of the indirectly hot-stamped parts, the quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process has been recently applied on boron-alloyed steel. In the current research, it was observed that the tempering treatment on the directly hot-stamped boron steel resulted in better mechanical properties and higher formability index compared with the reported results using the Q&P process. The nano-carbide formation and the dislocation annihilation during the tempering treatment were suggested as the evident reasons for the occurrence of the mentioned robust properties. The ease of the practical implementation of the tempering route together with the markedly enhanced mechanical properties of the tempered parts make the suggested method privileged. Additionally, the variations in the yield strength before and after tempering were quantitatively evaluated.
Naderi, M.; Abbasi, M.; Saeed-Akbari, A.
Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessment, United States Postal Service Stamp Distribution Center, Kansas City, Missouri.
In this report, the findings of the Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessment of the United States Postal Service, Stamp Distribution Network (SDN), located in Kansas City, Missouri are described. This report describes the mission of each of the functio...
C. O. Bell M. Hoel H. Huppert S. Rolander
27 CFR 479.171 - Redemption of or allowance for stamps.
...Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN OTHER FIREARMS Redemption of or Allowance for Stamps or Refunds § 479.171...
27 CFR 479.36 - The special tax stamp, receipt for special (occupational) taxes.
...Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN OTHER FIREARMS Special (Occupational) Taxes § 479.36 The special tax stamp,...
Direct stamping of silver nanoparticles toward residue-free thick electrode
Direct stamping of functional materials has been developed for cost-effective and process-effective manufacturing of nano/micro patterns. However, there remain several challenging issues like the perfect removal of the residual layer and realization of high aspect ratio. We have demonstrated facile fabrication of flexible strain sensors that have microscale thick interdigitated capacitors with no residual layer by a simple direct stamping with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Polyurethane (PU) prepolymer was utilized as an adhesive layer to transfer AgNPs more efficiently during the separation step of the flexible stamp from directly stamped AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy images and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed residue-free transfer of microscale thick interdigitated electrodes onto two different flexible substrates (elastomeric and brittle) for the application to highly sensitive strain sensors.
Kim, Jiseok; Wubs, Kevin; Bae, Byeong-Soo; Kim, Woo Soo
Die Deformation Measurement System during Sheet Metal Forming
In order to reduce affection to the earth environment, it is necessary to lighten the vehicles. For this purpose, high tensile steels are applied. Because of high strength, high forming force is required for producing automotive sheet metal parts. In this situation, since the dies are elastic, they are deformed during forming parts. For reducing die developing period, sheet metal forming simulation is widely applied. In the numerical simulation, rigid dies are usually used for shortening computing time. It means that the forming conditions in the actual forming and the simulation are different. It will make large errors in the results between actual forming and simulation. It can be said that if contact pressure between dies and a sheet metal in the simulation can be reproduced in the actual forming, the differences of forming results between them can also been reduced. The basic idea is to estimate die shape which can produce the same distribution as computed from simulation with rigid dies. In this study, die deformation analyses with Finite Element Method as basic technologies are evaluated. For example, simple shape and actual dies elastic contact problems were investigated. The contact width between simple shape dies was investigated. The computed solutions were in good agreement with experimental results. The one case of the actual dies in two cases was also investigated. Bending force was applied to the blank holder with a mechanical press machine. The methodology shown with applying inductive displacement sensor for measuring die deformation during applying force was also proposed.
Funada, J.; Takahashi, S.; Fukiharu, H.
Polymer brush patterning using self-assembled microsphere monolayers as microcontact printing stamps
Self-assembled microsphere monolayers (SMMs) hold significant promise for micro- and nanopatterning. Here we exploit, for the first time, SMMs as stamps for microcontact printing ($\\\\mu$CP) and demonstrate this to fabricate patterned initiator templates that can subsequently be amplified into polymer brushes by surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). SMM stamps avoid the need for expensive and sophisticated instrumentation in
Tao Chen; Rainer Jordan; Stefan Zauscher
Nanotransfer Printing Using Plasma Etched Silicon Stamps and Mediated by In-Situ Deposited Fluoropolyme
This communication describes a simple method that uses a thin film of octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) polymer for efficient nanoscale transfer printing (nTP). Plasma polymerization of OFCB produces a Teflon-like fluoropolymer which strongly adheres and conformally covers 3-D inorganic stamp. The inherently low surface energy of in-situ deposited OFCB polymer on nanoscale silicon features is demonstrated as a unique nanocomposite stamp to fabricate various test structures with improved nTP feature resolution down to sub 100 nm.
Bhandari, Deepak [ORNL; Kravchenko, Ivan I [ORNL; Lavrik, Nickolay V [ORNL; Sepaniak, Michael J [ORNL
Efficient Stamps Classification by Means of Point Distance Histogram and Discrete Cosine Transform
\\u000a The problem of stamp recognition addressed here involves a multi-stage approach which includes stamp detection, localization\\u000a and segmentation, features extraction and finally, classification. In this paper we focus on the two last stages, namely features\\u000a extraction by means of Point Distance Histogram and Discrete Cosine Transform, and classification employing distance calculation\\u000a by means of Euclidean metrics. The first stage which
Pawe? Forczma?ski; Dariusz Frejlichowski
Fabrication of PDMS stamps for the patterned growth of carbon nanotubes
An anti-adhesion coating technique has been developed for the defect-free release of patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps. The coating of the anti-adhesion layer involves the use of a C4F8 (octafluorocyclobutane) plasma to deposit a thin fluorocarbon film on the surface of the silicon (Si) print masters in an inductively coupled plasma system. The fabrication method for the defect-free PDMS stamps using
P. Argyrakis; L. Teo; T. Stevenson; R. Cheung
Die Soldering in Aluminium Die Casting.
Two types of tests, dipping tests and dip-coating tests were carried out on small steel cylinders using pure aluminum and 380 alloy to investigate the mechanism of die soldering during aluminum die casting. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were us...
Q. Han E. A. Kenik S. Viswanathan
A Fully Automated and Robust Method to Incorporate Stamping Data in Crash, NVH and Durability Analysis
Crash, NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness), and durability analysis are commonly deployed in structural CAE analysis for mechanical design of components especially in the automotive industry. Components manufactured by stamping constitute a major portion of the automotive structure. In CAE analysis they are modeled at a nominal state with uniform thickness and no residual stresses and strains. However, in reality the stamped components have non-uniformly distributed thickness and residual stresses and strains resulting from stamping. It is essential to consider the stamping information in CAE analysis to accurately model the behavior of the sheet metal structures under different loading conditions. Especially with the current emphasis on weight reduction by replacing conventional steels with aluminum and advanced high strength steels it is imperative to avoid over design. Considering this growing need in industry, a highly automated and robust method has been integrated within Altair Hyperworks® to initialize sheet metal components in CAE models with stamping data. This paper demonstrates this new feature and the influence of stamping data for a full car frontal crash analysis.
Palaniswamy, Hariharasudhan; Kanthadai, Narayan; Roy, Subir; Beauchesne, Erwan
28 CFR 540.64 - Press pools.
...Media § 540.64 Press pools. (a) The Warden may establish a press pool whenever he or...that warrants limitations. (b) Whenever the Warden establishes a press pool, the Warden shall notify all news media...
Displaced capillary dies
An asymmetrical shaped capillary die made exclusively of graphite is used to grow silicon ribbon which is capable of being made into solar cells that are more efficient than cells produced from ribbon made using a symmetrically shaped die.
Kalejs, Juris P. (Wellesley, MA); Chalmers, Bruce (Falmouth, MA); Surek, Thomas (Englewood, CO)
Die Entstehung der Erde
\\u000a Die Problematik eines Weltbildes, sich also ein "Bild von der Welt" zu machen, fängt an mit der Frage, was man unter der "Welt"\\u000a eigentlich versteht. Unter den verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Teildisziplinen wird die Antwort zwangsläufig sehr unterschiedlich\\u000a ausfallen, was man an den Beiträgen zu diesem Band unschwer erkennen wird. Für den Geowissenschaftler scheint die Antwort einfach und naheliegend: Geos, griech. die
Mario Trieloff
Censorship of the Collegiate Presses.
Enumerates determinations of the American judicial system that protect the First Amendment rights of college journalists. Reviews discussions of those determinations. Discusses recent cases of imposed collegiate press censorship. Concludes that students continue to be silenced today. (TB)
Kasior, Serjit; Darrah, Ed
Dying in acute care
The demography of dying in Australia, as in other developed countries, has shifted dramatically in a single generation. Cause of death, place of death and mode of dying are all unrecognisable to the generation currently facing death. The fastest growing causes of death in Australia are dementia (now third commonest) and diabetes (sixth), two thirds die in acute care, most
P Saul
Die Coin Experiment
This resource consists of a Java applet and expository text. The applet simulates the experiment of rolling a die and then tossing a coin the number of times shown on the die. The die distribution and the probability of heads can be specified. The applet illustrates a two-stage experiment.
Siegrist, Kyle
Fuel lignocellulosic briquettes, die design and products study
Briquetting of biomass can be done through various techniques. The present work describes the process of designing a taper die and its optimisation for use in a hydraulic machine. The application of an experimental design technique, and the later statistical analysis of the results is presented, applied to a laboratory hydraulic press densification process of lignocellulosic biomass. The most appropriate
E Granada; L. M López González; J. L Míguez; J Moran
Fabrication of elastomeric stamps with polymer-reinforced sidewalls via chemically selective vapor deposition polymerization of poly(p-xylylene)
We report on the preparation of polydimethylsiloxane stamps with selectively grown polymer sidewalls by chemical vapor deposition polymerization of poly(p-xylylene). Using a thin iron layer as an inhibitor, the deposition occurs only on the sidewalls of the features in relief, resulting in a polymer-reinforced stamp. The wetting properties of stamps can be restored after removing the thin iron layer with
Kahp Y. Suh; Robert Langer; Jörg Lahann
Spectral database for postage stamps by means of FT-IR spectroscopy.
A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy study on the entire Italian postage stamps production is presented in this work. Crossing 150 years of issues from the unification of Italy until today, a time line of the major components constituting the stamps has been defined, based on the wide spectral database built on the basis of the numerous analyzed exemplars. Even though it is easy to find reports about stamps' issues history, information arising from these investigations contributes to throw light upon the substances incorporated in the stamps, which could be described as hybrid or composite materials (a sort of undisclosed or hidden story). As a result of the whole spectra acquired in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode, changes in paper composition showed the transition from the protein sizing glue to starch sizing; also the employment of kaolin varied through time. First it was used as the extender in the pigment-medium mixture, and finally it constituted the coating on the stamp surface. Also the chemical composition of the adhesive gum on the rear side of stamps has been subjected to modifications, as well as the front side. The earliest back glue was a protein-based adhesive; then it was replaced by gum arabic first and by poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAC) later. FT-IR spectroscopy, supported by the detailed database developed, has been applied, for the first time, in the very useful detection of two counterfeit samples: a fake of the famous Gronchi Rosa, issued in 1961, and a regummed 2 cent red stamp, issued in 1865. The information held in the whole spectral data has been selected and employed in the principal component analysis (PCA) statistical analysis. PMID:23829324
Imperio, Eleonora; Giancane, Gabriele; Valli, Ludovico
Direct printing of silver nanoparticles by an agarose stamp on planar and patterned substrates
In this study, we have used an agarose stamp to conduct direct printing of silver nanoparticles, nanowires and nanoplates on both planar and structured substrates. Nanoparticle solution could be first coated on an agarose stamp, and then transferred to a planar substrate. Micro-patterns comprising metal nanoparticles could be printed on planar substrates without the formation of residual layers. Thus a three-dimensional metal microstructure could be easily fabricated. The patterning of electrodes by printing Ag nanowires directly on TiO2 was also demonstrated to fabricate resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices by all-solution-processing methods. By using a flat agarose stamp, the patterns printed on the microstructured substrates were quite different from those on the nanostructured substrates. On the microstructured substrates, direct printing could print silver nanoparticles onto the protrusion surface, and could print silver layers as thick as several microns, useful for high conductivity electrodes. On the substrates with nanostructures such as photonic crystals or nano-gratings, direct printing could transfer nanoparticles into the grooves or cavities only due to the contact of the agarose stamp with the groove or concavity surface. A new approach to fabricate metal wire grid polarizers was further demonstrated. A nanoporous agarose stamp has a good potential for printing using nanoparticle suspension.
Kao, Yu-Chih; Hong, Franklin Chau-Nan
Über die Prothrombinzeitbestimmung im Menschenblut
Die Versuchsmethoden fiber die Gerinmmg des Blutes haben sieh in den letzten Jahren meistens in Zusammenhang mit den zahlreiehen Studien fiber die K-Avitaminose und fiber die Hypoprothrombin\\/ ~mien, welche an diese Avitaminose gebunden und nicht gebunden sind, entwickelt. Deshalb gewannen neben den verschiedenen Methoden ffir die Messung der Spontangerinnung szeit, die immer noch sehr wiehtig ffir alas Studium der Gerinnungsprozes
Bernardino Rovatti
Die Stacking (3D) Microarchitecture
D die stacking is an exciting new technology that in- creases transistor density by vertically integrating two or more die with a dense, high-speed interface. The result of 3D die stacking is a significant reduction of interconnect both within a die and across dies in a system. For instance, blocks within a microprocessor can be placed vertically on multiple die
Bryan Black; Murali Annavaram; Ned Brekelbaum; John Devale; Lei Jiang; Gabriel H. Loh; Don McCauley; Pat Morrow; Donald W. Nelson; Daniel Pantuso; Paul Reed; Jeff Rupley; Sadasivan Shankar; John Paul Shen; Clair Webb
Reinraumtechnik für die Medizintechnik
Die Reinraumtechnik ist heute ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil bei der Fertigung von Produkten der Life Sciences, den Bereichen Pharma, Lebensmittel, Kosmetik und Medizintechnik. In Anbetracht der langen Historie der Medizintechnik ist sie jedoch eine sehr junge Disziplin. Die Bedeutung von Keimen und die richtige Einschätzung ihrer Größe wurden zwar sehr früh bereits durch Paracelsus erkannt, jedoch wurden daraus noch keine speziellen oder kontinuierlich umgesetzten Hygienevorschriften abgeleitet. Die erste bekannte technische Umsetzung von Hygieneempfehlungen geht auf den Franzosen François Nicolas Appert zurück, der eine aseptische Abfüllmethode für Lebensmittel entwickelte und diese 1810 veröffentlichte [1]. Die erste dokumentierte medizinische Umsetzung stellten Hygienevorschriften für Ärzte dar, die Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis nach 1847 in der Wiener Klinik für Geburtshilfe einführte [2].
Petek, Max; Jungbluth, Martin; Krampe, Erhard
Apollo 13 Facts: Press Conference
Flight Director Gene Krantz gives an overview of the Apollo 13 mission as corrections are made in the power down checklist, passive thermal control, and orbital burns after the spacecraft runs into problems. He then answers questions from the press with the help of Tony England, Bill Peters, and Dick Thorson. Footage then shows newspaper headlines 'We're Not Concerned' and 'Getting Ready to Land' as people watch televisions to see if the astronauts landed safely. The press conference section of this video has sound, the headlines section does not.
Extrusion die and method
A method and die apparatus for manufacturing a honeycomb body of rhombic cell cross-section by extrusion through an extrusion die of triangular cell discharge slot configuration, the die incorporating feedholes at selected slot intersections only, such that slot segments communicating directly with the feedholes discharge web material and slot segments not so connected do not discharge web material, whereby a rhombic cell cross-section in the extruded body is provided.
Lipp, G. Daniel (Painted Post, NY)
Numerical simulation of temperature field, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of HSS during hot stamping
The hot stamping of boron steels is widely used to produce ultra high strength automobile components without any spring back. The ultra high strength of final products is attributed to the fully martensitic microstructure that is obtained through the simultaneous forming and quenching of the hot blanks after austenization. In the present study, a mathematical model incorporating both heat transfer and the transformation of austenite is presented. A FORTRAN program based on finite element technique has been developed which permits the temperature distribution and microstructure evolution of high strength steel during hot stamping process. Two empirical diffusion-dependent transformation models under isothermal conditions were employed respectively, and the prediction capability on mechanical properties of the models were compared with the hot stamping experiment of an automobile B-pillar part.
Shi, Dongyong; Ying, Liang; Hu, Ping; Liu, Wenquan; Shen, Guozhe
Printing of sub-100-nm metal nanodot arrays by carbon nanopost stamps.
This work reports an efficient method to fabricate hexagonally patterned metal nanodot arrays at the sub-100-nm scale, which is based on contact printing via novel nanometer-scaled stamps. Vertically aligned carbon nanoposts, supported by hexagonally ordered nanochannels of anodic aluminum oxide templates, are employed as the stamping platform to directly transfer controlled metal nanodot arrays. Using the fabrication platform, a number of patterned metal nanodot arrays made of Au, Cu, Ni, Ag, Pt, Al, and Ti can be contact-printed over large substrate areas in ambient conditions. The size, density, and interdistance of the printed nanodots are controllable with a tight correspondence to the mother stamp geometries, which can be precisely tuned by modifying the pore dimensions of the alumina matrixes. An advanced example of contact printing of metal nanoparticles is successfully demonstrated by the controlled formation of nanodot arrays in a specific area. PMID:21699221
Lee, Sang Ho; Cho, Byungjin; Yoon, Seungha; Jeong, Huisu; Jon, Sangyong; Jung, Gun Young; Cho, Beong Ki; Lee, Takhee; Kim, Won Bae
High-precision microcontact printing of interchangeable stamps using an integrated kinematic coupling.
Microcontact printing (µCP) is a rapid, inexpensive way to create microscale chemical or biochemical patterns on a target surface. This microstamping method can be used to selectively modify a wide array of surface properties, from wettability and protein adsorption to chemical etch susceptibility. However, controlling the absolute location of features created with microcontact printing is difficult; this lack of precision makes it challenging to integrate with other microfabrication methods or to create complex, multi-chemical patterns on a single surface. In this research, we demonstrate a novel method of controlling the placement of microcontact printing stamps by using an integrated kinematic coupling device. This technique relies on mechanical reference points for rapid, optics-free registry of the stamp and allows µCP stamps to be quickly removed and replaced or even exchanged with submicron repeatability. PMID:21116585
Trinkle, Christine A; Lee, Luke P
Stamping-based planarization of flexible substrate for low-pressure UV nanoimprint lithography.
Patterning flexible substrates in nano scale is an important and challenging issue in the fabrication of next-generation devices based on a non-silicon substrate. Step and Flash imprint lithography (S-FIL) which is a room temperature and low pressure process offers several important advantages, such as the use of a smaller and therefore cheaper stamp or the possibility of the overlay imprinting, as a transparent stamp is utilized. However, it is very difficult to perform S-FIL on a flexible substrate successfully due to the high waviness. The waviness of a flexible substrate is not a constant value in contrast to a rigid substrate. It depends on the imprint pressure applied onto the substrate. In this paper, in section two, the effect of the imprint pressure on the waviness of the surface of the flexible substrate is examined. It is proved that the waviness of the surface of the flexible substrate could not be reduced sufficiently to assure a successful imprint at low imprint pressures. In the third section, a method of patterning polymer substrates using ultra-violet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) is presented. The method consists of two stages, stamping-based planarization and S-FIL. In stamping-based planarization, a planarization layer of transparent polymer is formed onto the flexible substrate. Waviness of the blank stamp (in this study, glass wafer) is transferred to the planarization layer. S-FIL is performed with the nanoimprint tool IMPRIO100 directly onto the planarization layer employing a 1 x 1 in. quartz stamp. Optical microscope and SEM images of the successfully imprinted patterns were also presented. PMID:19198287
Altun, Ali Ozhan; Jeong, Jun-Ho; Jung, Sung-Un; Kim, Ki-Don; Choi, Dae-Geun; Choi, Jun-Hyuk; Shim, Jong-Youp; Lee, Dong-Il; Lee, Eung-Sug
Usefulness of precise time stamping for exposing network characteristics on high-speed links
To expose network characteristics by active/passive measurements, measuring some timing issues such as one-way delay, one-way queuing delay, and inter-packet time is essential, and is conducted by time-stamping for packets passing through an observation point. However, emerging high-speed networks require very high precision of time-stamping, far beyond the precision of conventional software-based time-stamping systems such as 'tcpdump'. For example, the inter-packet time of two consecutive 64-byte length packets on a giga-bit link can be less than 0.001 msec. In this paper, to demonstrate the usefulness and strong necessity of precise time-stamping on high-speed links, experiments of network measurements over a nation-wide IPv6 testbed in Japan have been performed, using a hardware-based time-stamping system that can synchronize to GPS with a high resolution of 0.0001 msec and within a small error of 0.0003 msec. In our experiments, several interesting results are seen, e.g., i) the distribution of one-way queuing delay exhibits a considerable difference depending on the size and the type (UDP/ICMP) of packets; ii) the minimal one-way delays for various sizes of UDP/ICMP packets give an accurate estimate of the transmission delay and the propagation delay; iii) the correlation between interpacket times at the sender and the receiver sides in a sequence of TCP ACK packets clearly shows the degree of ACK compression; iv) the inter-packet time in a UDP stream generated by a DV streaming application shows three dominant sending rates and a very rare peak rate, which might provide crucial information to bandwidth dimensioning; all of which would indicate the usefulness of precise time-stamping.
Kitatsuji, Yoshinori; Tsuru, Masato; Katsuno, Satoshi; Oie, Yuji
Development of Estimation Procedure of Contact Heat Transfer Coefficient at the Part-Tool Interface in Hot Stamping Process
Energy efficiency, a high level of passenger safety, and weight reduction of the vehicles still constitute the main functional elements for the design of modern car body structures. Toward this objective, the usage of advanced sheet-metal forming technologies like hot stamping of quenchable boron manganese steel is developing nowadays. Hot stamping is a combination of hot forming and simultaneously quenching
Bakri Abdulhay; Brahim Bourouga; Christine Dessain; Gilles Brun; Joel Wilsius
Has the Food Stamp Program become More Accessible? Impacts of Recent Changes in Reporting Requirements and Asset Eligibility Limits
This paper uses data from the 1996 and 2001 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation to assess the impact of recent policy initiatives intended to increase access to Food Stamps. It finds that reductions in state certification requirements increased Food Stamp participation rates of income-eligible families with children by one to…
Hanratty, Maria J.
Nanotransfer printing using plasma etched silicon stamps and mediated by in situ deposited fluoropolymer.
This communication describes a simple method that uses a thin film of octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) polymer for efficient nanoscale transfer printing (nTP). Plasma polymerization of OFCB produces a Teflon-like fluoropolymer which strongly adheres and conformally covers a 3-D inorganic stamp. The inherently low surface energy of in situ deposited OFCB polymer on nanoscale silicon features is demonstrated as a unique nanocomposite stamp to fabricate various test structures with improved nTP feature resolution down to sub-100 nm. PMID:21526774
Bhandari, Deepak; Kravchenko, Ivan I; Lavrik, Nickolay V; Sepaniak, Michael J
Perkin's and Caro's mauveine in Queen Victoria's lilac postage stamps: a chemical analysis.
Mauveine, a chemical icon, is no longer commercially available. If nowadays one wanted to have a sample of the original Perkin, or Caro, mauveine, and see its colour, where would one find it? The answer is on UK Victorian 6d postage stamps from 1867-1880. This was found from a comparison with historical samples of mauveine, from both William Perkin and a Heinrich Caro sample (here analysed for the first time). These have distinctly different compositions and this was used to identify the origin of mauveine in the postage stamps, with evidence found for mauveine made by both Perkin's and Caro's synthesis. PMID:24459078
Oliveira, Maria da Conceiçăo; Dias, Ana; Douglas, Peter; de Melo, J Sérgio Seixas
The restoration of obliterated stamped serial numbers by ultrasonically induced cavitation in water
Seventeen out of 21 obliterated stamped serial numbers on test specimens of copper, brass, steel, and aluminum were successfully restored. Cavitation induced in water by a piezoelectric transducer was the mechanism used. Primarily, smeared metal was removed from the number grooves by the force of the cavitation, however, numbers were also restored at depths at or below the level of the stamped grooves. The feasibility of this technique as a low cost tool for crime laboratories has been clearly demonstrated. The technique is applicable to a variety of materials, and no previous surface or chemical treatments are necessary.
Young, S. G.
Molecules and signaling pathways involved in the expression of OC-STAMP during osteoclastogenesis
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-?B ligand (RANKL) is a key factor in regulating osteoclastogenesis and in maintaining\\u000a the survival of mature osteoclasts. We screened differentially expressed genes in RAW264.7 cells in response to RANKL and\\u000a found osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP) as one of the RANKL-induced genes of interest. Recently, OC-STAMP\\u000a has been identified as the RANKL-induced protein that
Myung Hee Kim; Seung-hwa Baek; Hye Joo Kim; Seong Hwan Kim
Gifted Education Press Quarterly, 1995.
This document consists of the four issues of the newsletter "Gifted Education Press Quarterly" published during 1995. This newsletter addresses issues in the education of gifted children and youth. The major articles are: (1) "Using Today's Technology: Parents Can Help Challenge Gifted Children" (Adrienne O'Neill); (2) "Outcomes-Based Education…
Fisher, Maurice D., Ed.
Hot Isostatic Pressing of Ceramics.
A mixture containing glass 70 to 95 and BN or B4C powder (0.1-10 microns) 5 to 30 vol. % is used as a secondary pressure medium in hot isostatic pressing of ceramics. Thus, Pyrex beads were mixed with 15% vol. BN powder (average diameter 2 microns), fused...
K. Honma
The Alternative Press in Microform.
Presented is an analysis of what has been done regarding the preservation of alternative publications in microfilm. The alternative press was defined, for the purposes of this study, as "nonstandard, nonestablishment publications." Two projects undertaken to microfilm such publications, one by the Microphoto Division of Bell and Howell and the…
Tsang, Daniel C.
EPA Science Inventory
The National Academy Press is the publisher for the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council. Through this web site, you have access to a virtual treasure trove of books, reports and publicatio...
The Changing Press of Paris.
Traces the history and current status of the Paris press, noting the shrinking of old media fiefdoms and the rise of new ones, the discontinuation of some old leaders but the appearance of new titles, the search for reassertion of influence in the provinces, and the unabating trend toward concentration of ownership. (GW)
Hollstein, Milton
Mars Observer Press Conference JPL
The Mars Observer mission spacecraft was primarily designed for exploring Mars and the Martian environment. The Mars Observer was launched on September 25, 1992. The spacecraft was lost in the vicinity of Mars on August 21, 1993 when the spacecraft began its maneuvering sequence for Martian orbital insertion. This videotape shows a press briefing, held after the spacecraft had not responded to attempts to communicate with it, to explain to the press the problems and the steps that were being taken to re-establish communication with the spacecraft. The communications had been shutdown prior to the orbital insertion burn to protect the instruments. At the time of the press conference, the communications system was still not operational, and attempts were being made to re-establish communication. Bob McMillan of the Public Affairs Office at JPL gives the initial announcement of the continuing communication problem with the spacecraft. Mr. McMillan introduces William Piotrowski, acting director of solar system exploration, who reiterates that there is indeed no communication with the Observer spacecraft. He is followed by Glenn Cunningham, the Project Manager of the Mars Observer who speaks about the attempts to re-establish contact. Mr. Cunningham is followed by Satenios Dallas, the Mission Manager for the Mars Observer Project, who speaks about the sequence of events leading up to the communication failure, and shows an animated video presenting the orbital insertion maneuvers. The briefing was then opened up for questions from the assembled press, both at JPL and at the other NASA Centers. The questions are about the possible reasons for the communication failure, and the attempts to restore communications with the spacecraft. Dr. Arden L. Albee, chief scientist for the Mars Observer Mission, joins the other panel members to answer questions. At the end of the press briefing the animation of the Mars orbital insertion is shown again.
Micromechanical die attachment surcharge
An attachment structure is disclosed for attaching a die to a supporting substrate without the use of adhesives or solder. The attachment structure, which can be formed by micromachining, functions purely mechanically in utilizing a plurality of shaped pillars (e.g. round, square or polygonal and solid, hollow or slotted) that are formed on one of the die or supporting substrate and which can be urged into contact with various types of mating structures including other pillars, a deformable layer or a plurality of receptacles that are formed on the other of the die or supporting substrate, thereby forming a friction bond that holds the die to the supporting substrate. The attachment structure can further include an alignment structure for precise positioning of the die and supporting substrate to facilitate mounting the die to the supporting substrate. The attachment structure has applications for mounting semiconductor die containing a microelectromechanical (MEM) device, a microsensor or an integrated circuit (IC), and can be used to form a multichip module. The attachment structure is particularly useful for mounting die containing released MEM devices since these devices are fragile and can otherwise be damaged or degraded by adhesive or solder mounting.
Filter, William F. (Albuquerque, NM); Hohimer, John P. (Albuquerque, NM)
Death and Dying
The author discusses death and the dying process, the psychological needs of a person who is faced with his or her imminent death, and the five stages of emotional response through which a dying person goes in coping with the fact of death. (MJB)
Hafen, Brent Q.
When Somebody Dies
... dies. It is just as if a glass bottle full of water broke, and the bottle became useless. The container is gone, but what's ... hole in our lives. Maybe you had a pet that died. Remember the first few times you ...
Preparation of SiC-Based Composites by Cold Isostatic Press
The effect of polyvinyl alcohol binder on green strength of isostatic pressed silicon carbide was studied. A lab-top spray dryer was used to coat mixed powders with the binder. The resultant powders were pressed in a steel die to obtain pre-mold at the compaction pressures of 32, 63.5, 127, 190, 254 and 317 MPa. The pre-molds were pressed using a cold isostatic press at 276 MPa to produce the green compact specimens. The porosities and compression stress of the green compact specimens produced from laboratory powder were compared with compacted specimens produced with commercial powder. Density porosimetry and universal testing machine were used to determine porosity and compression stress; respectively. The morphology and fracture surface of the green compact specimens were observed under optical and electron microscopes.
Harun, M. B.; Halim, M. H.; Yazid, H.; Selamat, Z.; Sattar, M. S.; Jali, M.
Why Welfare Caseloads Fluctuate: A Review of Research on AFDC, SSI, and the Food Stamps Program
This report reviews research on trends in the caseloads of three means-tested transfer programs in the United States: Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and the Food Stamp Program (FSP). Trends in caseloads are the result of 1) program parameters and interactions between programs, 2) economic conditions, 3) norms and values, and 4) demographic characteristics.
Susan E. Mayer
Impacting Mediators of Change for Physical Activity among Elderly Food Stamp Recipients
A multidisciplinary team developed and pilot-tested a curriculum, delivered by trained lay educators, to increase self-efficacy for physical activity among elderly food stamp recipients. Curriculum development was guided by a comprehensive literature review. Process evaluation was used to revise the curriculum and to assess lay educator training…
Dye, Cheryl J.; Williams, Joel E.; Kemper, Karen A.; McGuire, Francis A.; Aybar-Damali, Begum
76 FR 67132 - Foreign-Trade Zone 177-Evansville, IN; Application for Manufacturing Authority; Hoosier Stamping...
...Mfg. Corp. d/b/ a Hoosier Wheel (Hoosier Stamping), located...repairing and distributing of wheel assemblies and accessories...pneumatic tires, tubes, rolled rim rings, semi-pneumatic tires...range of inputs and finished wheel assemblies that Hoosier...
Welfare Reform and Older Immigrants: Food Stamp Program Participation and Food Insecurity
Purpose: The welfare reform bill of 1996 severely constrained noncitizens' eligibility for the Food Stamp Program (FSP). This study examined the effects of eligibility restrictions on older immigrants' FSP participation and food insecurity. We paid special attention to household composition and household eligibility as well as older immigrants'…
Nam, Yunju; Jung, Hyo Jin
Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) transfer printing has been previously achieved by stamping under dry conditions. Here, we show for the first time, that PEM can be transferred from a stamp to the base substrate under aqueous conditions whereby the two surfaces are in a non-contact mode. Degradable multilayers of (PAA/PEG)(10.5) followed by non-degradable multilayers of (PDAC/SPS)(80.5) were fabricated under acidic pH conditions on either PDMS or glass (stamp), and subsequently transferred over top of another multilayer prepared on a different substrate (base substrate), with a spacing of ~ 200 ?m between the stamping surface and the base substrate. This multilayer transfer was performed under physiological pH conditions. This process is referred to herein as non-contact, aqueous-phase multilayer (NAM) transfer. NAM transfer can be useful for applications such as fabricating three-dimensional (3-D) cellular scaffolds. We attempted to create a 3-D cellular scaffold using NAM transfer, and characterized the scaffolds with conventional and fluorescence microscopy. PMID:21860540
Mehrotra, Sumit; Lee, Ilsoon; Liu, Chun; Chan, Christina
Evaluation of optical security features in ID documents, currency, and stamps
Optical security features have been increasingly used to protect and ensure the integrity of value documents. The types of optical features and their purposes are discussed. The application of these optical features to ID documents, currency and postage stamps are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the fraud and counterfeit resistance of the features in relation to the specific document.
Mercer, John W.
Determination of Proper Austenitization Temperatures for Hot Stamping of AISI 4140 Steel
High strength steels are desirable materials for use in automobile bodies in order to reduce vehicle weight and increase the safety of car passengers, but steel grades with high strength commonly show poor formability. Recently, steels with controlled microstructures and compositions are used to gain adequate strength after hot stamping while maintaining good formability during processing. In this study, microstructure evolutions and changes in mechanical properties of AISI 4140 steel sheets resulting from the hot stamping process at different austenitization temperatures were investigated. To determine the proper austenitization temperatures, the results were compared with those of the cold-worked and cold-worked plus quench-tempered specimens. Comparisons showed that the austenitization temperatures of 1000 and 1100 °C are proper for hot stamping of 3-mm-thick AISI 4140 steel sheets due to the resultant martensitic microstructure which led to the yield and ultimate tensile strength of 1.3 and 2.1 GPa, respectively. Such conditions resulted in more favorable simultaneous strength and elongation than those of hot-stamped conventional boron steels.
Samadian, Pedram; Parsa, Mohammad Habibi; Shakeri, Amid
Development of Core Competencies for Paraprofessional Nutrition Educators Who Deliver Food Stamp Nutrition Education
The purpose of this project was to describe the process used for the development of core competencies for paraprofessional nutrition educators in Food Stamp Nutrition Education (FSNE). The development process included the efforts of an expert panel of state and multicounty FSNE leaders to draft the core competencies and the validation of those…
Baker, Susan S.; Pearson, Meredith; Chipman, Helen
The heterogenous relationship of food stamp participation with body mass: Quantile regression model
This study explores the heterogenous relationship between Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation and body mass index (BMI) for low income individuals whose per capita family income falls in the bottom two quintiles. We estimate changes in the dispersion of the entire distribution of BMI following FSP participation using a quantile regression model in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. For women,
Euna Han; Lisa M. Powell; Oksana Pugach
Program Evaluation: Food Stamps and Commodity Distribution in Rural Areas of Central Pennsylvania.
Since one primary goal of the Commodity Distribution (CD) Program and the Food Stamp (FS) Program is to improve diets of low-income families, this 1969-70 study focused on whether the adequacy of a low-income family's dietary intake was improved by their participation in a food-assistance program. As stated, the adequacy of a family's dietary…
Madden J. Patrick; Yoder, Marion D.
Cyclic Energy Efficiency of a Stamping Technique Rendement Energetique d'Une Frappe d'Estampage.
The energy efficiency of a stamping procedure was determined for a sequence of shocks. Theoretical values from the literature are found to be widely diverse, inhibiting proper calculation of the number of cycles needed to form a part. A high speed camera ...
Montagu Bati
Approximately a half billion tons of waste rock from the extraction of native copper and silver ores was discharged into the Lake Superior basin. Stamping was the method of choice to recover these metals from the surrounding poor rock. This process created large amounts of extre...
Falling through the Social Safety Net: Food Stamp Use and Nonuse among Older Impoverished Americans
Purpose: Older adults are less likely than any other age group to use the federal Food Stamp Program. The personal and social costs of elderly diet insufficiency include disease exacerbation, depression, and increased hospitalization. In order to improve targeting and outreach efforts, this study identifies the characteristics of eligible older…
Fuller-Thomson, Esme; Redmond, Melissa
Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) transfer printing has been previously achieved by stamping under dry conditions. Here, we show for the first time, that PEM can be transferred from a stamp to the base substrate under aqueous conditions whereby the two surfaces are in a non-contact mode. Degradable multilayers of (PAA/PEG)10.5 followed by non-degradable multilayers of (PDAC/SPS)80.5 were fabricated under acidic pH conditions on either PDMS or glass (stamp), and subsequently transferred over top of another multilayer prepared on a different substrate (base substrate), with a spacing of ~ 200 ?m between the stamping surface and the base substrate. This multilayer transfer was performed under physiological pH conditions. This process is referred to herein as non-contact, aqueous-phase multilayer (NAM) transfer. NAM transfer can be useful for applications such as fabricating three-dimensional (3-D) cellular scaffolds. We attempted to create a 3-D cellular scaffold using NAM transfer, and characterized the scaffolds with conventional and fluorescence microscopy.
Food Stamp and School Lunch Programs Alleviate Food Insecurity in Rural America. Fact Sheet
The Food Stamp and the National School Lunch Programs play a vital role in helping poor, rural Americans obtain a more nutritious diet and alleviate food insecurity and hunger. This fact sheet looks at the extent to which rural America depends on these programs and describes characteristics of beneficiaries of these federal nutrition assistance…
Smith, Kristin; Savage, Sarah
Hot isostatic pressing of ceramics
A mixture containing glass 70 to 95 and BN or B4C powder (0.1-10 microns) 5 to 30 vol. % is used as a secondary pressure medium in hot isostatic pressing of ceramics. Thus, Pyrex beads were mixed with 15% vol. BN powder (average diameter 2 microns), fused at 1400 deg for 2 h, cooled, crushed, and put into a graphite crucible. A Si3N4 sintered body was embedded in the powder, heated in vacuum at 1200 deg for 2 h, treated in a hot isostatic press furnace at 1700 deg and 1000 atm. for 1 h, and cooled to give a Si3N4 ceramic. It was easily separated from the crucible.
Honma, K.
An Efficient, Easily Constructed Cell Homogenizing Press
An easily constructed, highly efficient cell homogenizing press is described which should be available to laboratories at moderate cost. The press allows the preparation of homogenates from up to 20 g of packed cell paste in a single batch without danger of damage to the press. Cell breakage and recovery of cell homogenates is accomplished at temperatures which maintain the material in the frozen state. The press may be assembled, disassembled, and cleaned with minimal effort. Images FIG. 2 FIG. 3
Sagers, Richard D.
The Lily-White University Presses.
Argues that the university presses are immune from racial change and discusses the problem of using location as an argument for not being able to lure blacks into university publishing. Howard University Press is used to illustrate the problem of budget cutting and the ability to boost black recruitment efforts or establish a united black press…
Shin, Annys
Yale University Press: Disseminating "Lux et Veritas"?
America's university presses are situated within a network of over one hundred universities, learned societies, and scholarly associations. According to a pamphlet put out by the American Association of University Presses, these presses "make available to the broader public the full range and value of research generated by university faculty."…
Parrott, John B.
Attention that Indicators Receive in the Press
With the release of each edition of Education at a Glance, the Office for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) prepares a press briefing to be used for the international press release and which individual countries in preparing their national press releases can also use. Similarly, the European Union prepares a summary, not for use at the…
Hendriks, Maria; Barzano, Giovanna; Brumana, Emanuela; Cremonesi, Claudia
Because early models of belt filter presses (developed from technology associated with the manufacture of paper) performed poorly, improved design and operation procedures for these presses were studied. Belt filter presses form part of a sludge dewatering system, and in terms of...
Method for Fabricating Composite Structures Using Continuous Press Forming
A method for fabricating composite structures at a low-cost. moderate-to-high production rate. A first embodiment of the method includes employing a continuous press forming fabrication process. A second embodiment of the method includes employing a pultrusion process for obtaining composite structures. The methods include coating yarns with matrix material, weaving the yarn into fabric to produce a continuous fabric supply and feeding multiple layers of net-shaped fabrics having optimally oriented fibers into a debulking tool to form an undebulked preform. The continuous press forming fabrication process includes partially debulking the preform, cutting the partially debulked preform and debulking the partially debulked preform to form a net-shape. An electron-beam or similar technique then cures the structure. The pultrusion fabric process includes feeding the undebulked preform into a heated die and gradually debulking the undebulked preform. The undebulked preform in the heated die changes dimension until a desired cross-sectional dimension is achieved. This process further includes obtaining a net-shaped infiltrated uncured preform, cutting the uncured preform to a desired length and electron-beam curing (or similar technique) the uncured preform. These fabrication methods produce superior structures formed at higher production rates. resulting in lower cost and high structural performance.
Farley, Gary L. (Inventor)
Enhanced texture in die-upset nanocomposite magnets by Nd-Cu grain boundary diffusion
Bulk anisotropic nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/?-Fe magnets were prepared by hot pressing and die upsetting coupled with Nd-Cu grain boundary diffusion. The hot workability of nanocomposite magnets is enhanced dramatically by grain boundary diffusion of low melt point Nd-Cu alloy, resulting in a strong anisotropy by die upsetting. The microstructure of die-upset nanocomposite magnets is identical with that of the traditional die-upset rare earth-rich magnets. The coercivity, remanence, and squareness degree of demagnetization curves are optimized. The observation for microstructures and the analysis of magnetic properties suggest that the grain boundary diffusion mainly occurs in the hot deformation process.
Tang, Xin; Chen, Renjie; Yin, Wenzong; Wang, Jinzhi; Tang, Xu; Lee, Don; Yan, Aru
Reducing the Surface Degradation of Aluminum Extrusion Dies During Preheating
Aluminum extrusion dies are usually made from H13 steel that is ferritically nitrocarburized to minimize wear and pick-up. Before being placed in the extrusion press, the dies are preheated to minimize thermal shock at the start of the extrusion cycle. During the preheating time, the nitrocarburized layer oxidizes. Some of this layer can break away during extrusion leaving marks on the product. Although inerting the preheat furnaces with nitrogen has been found to reduce the oxidation, it does not solve the problem completely. Experiments have shown that a small addition of ammonia to the preheating protective atmosphere could eliminate oxidation and prevent nitrogen loss from the surface nitride layer.
Stratton, Paul
When a Student Dies.
Discusses a pedagogy for teaching middle school students how to grieve when one of their classmates dies. Considers the steps of the grieving process, and dealing with different types of death: murder, suicide, accidents, and illness. (JPB)
Lovelace, James; Thompson, Jen
Die Europäische Union, die Europäische Gemeinschaft und ihre Rechtsordnung, die Europäische Lebensmittelkontrolle
Die Europäische Union (EU) ist ein Zusammenschluss von siebenundzwanzig unabhängigen Staaten, um deren wirtschaftliche, politische und soziale Zusammenarbeit zu verstärken. Seit 1. Mai 2007 hat sie die folgenden Mitglieder: Österreich, Belgien, Bulgarien, Dänemark, Finnland, Frankreich, Deutschland, Griechenland, Irland, Italien, Luxemburg, die Niederlande, Portugal, Spanien, Schweden, das Vereinigte Königreich von Großbritannien und Nordirland, Zypern, die Tschechische Republik, Estland, Ungarn, Lettland, Litauen, Malta, Polen, Rumänien, die Slowakei und Slowenien [1]. (Hinweis: Die Republik Zypern hat juristisch Souveränität über die ganze Insel, da die Türkische Republik Nordzypern international nicht anerkannt wird.)
Gallhoff, Gudrun; Rimkus, Gerhard G.
Über die Wirkung einiger lokaler Anästhetika auf die Lungengefäße
Zusammenfassung 1.Adrenalin in Mengen von 0,002–0,005 g in die Pulmonalarterie der isolierten Hundelunge injiziert, verursacht entweder Konstriktion oder — anscheinend seltener — Dilatation mit nachfolgender Konstriktion der Lungengefäße. Diese Unterschiedlichkeit der Wirkung besteht auch bei gleichem Druck. Die Adrenalinwirkung auf die Lungengefäße ist schwächer als die auf die Gefäße der übrigen Organe.2.Bariumchlorid, in 10%iger Lösung, ruft eine maximale Konstriktion der
Richard Schlesinger
Die Faunenwende Perm\\/Trias
Zusammenfassung Aufgrund der Diversitätsverteilung der Invertebraten im Phanerozoikum wird folgende These aufgestellt: Die Faunenwende Perm\\/Trias war kein katastrophales Aussterben sondern es entstanden weniger neue Arten. Dies wird durch einige Fallstudien untermauert, welche Aussterben und Neuauftreten im oberen Paläozoikum untersuchen. Ursache des verminderten Neuauftretens ist die mit dem Zusammendriften der Kontinente einhergehende Abnahme der Isolationsmöglichkeit neuer Arten. Die Wechselwirkungen verschiedener Umweltparameter sowie
Hansmartin Hüssner
Die Mikrofossilien des jugoslawischen Perms
Zusammenfassung Die Mikrofauma-und-flora der verschiedenen Stufen und Fazies des jugoslawischen Perms wird für die einzelnen Horizonte und\\u000a einige besonders reiche Fundpunkte in Fossil-Listen dargestellt. Die Fund-Horizonte sind die unteren, mittleren und oberen\\u000a Rattendorfer Schichten, derPseudofusulina-vulgaris-Zone entsprechende mittelpermische Schichten, die Trogkofel-Schichten, Neoschwagerinen-Schichten und die Schichten der Žažar-Stufe.\\u000a \\u000a Die Morphologie und Phylogenese einiger interessanter Kalkalgen und Fusuliniden des jugoslawischen Perms wird kurz erörtert.
Vanda Kochansky-Devidé
Using time-stamp to improve the security of a chaotic maps-based key agreement protocol
Based on the semi-group property of Chebyshev chaotic map and time-stamp, we propose an enhanced chaotic maps-based key agreement protocol, which is more secure than the original one and can resist the replaying attack.
Di Xiao; Xiaofeng Liao; Shaojiang Deng
The development of a finite element model for simulating the stamp forming of fibre–metal laminates
A finite element model for simulating the stamp forming of fibre–metal laminate material systems will encompass many aspects of both thermoplastic composite forming and metal stamp forming as well as interaction phenomenon between the laminate layers. This paper investigates the composite–metal interaction by studying the crystallisation behaviour of the interlayer adhesive and its shear stress transfer characteristics using lap-shear apparatus.
Experiences of the dying.
It is often a mystery to us how we have come to know and believe in certain things. Beliefs are like guests who come up to a door. They come in only if the host opens it and invites them in. Otherwise they are turned away, unable to enter. LPNs/LVNs are invited to reflect on their experiences and expand their knowledge and beliefs. There is growing recognition that bedside talks of the dying, spirit travel and near-death events are real events for the people who experience them. LPNs/ LVNs are encouraged to expand their knowledge and beliefs about dying. PMID:23252027
Schoenbeck, Susan L
Directed self-assembly of quantum structures by nanomechanical stamping using probe tips.
We demonstrate that nanomechanically stamped substrates can be used as templates to pattern and direct the self-assembly of epitaxial quantum structures such as quantum dots. Diamond probe tips are used to indent or stamp the surface of GaAs(100) to create nanoscale volumes of dislocation-mediated deformation, which alter the growth surface strain. These strained sites act to bias nucleation, hence allowing for selective growth of InAs quantum dots. Patterns of quantum dots are observed to form above the underlying nanostamped template. The strain state of the patterned structures is characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The potential of using nanoprobe tips as a quantum dot nanofabrication technology are discussed. PMID:21730527
Taylor, Curtis; Marega, Euclydes; Stach, Eric A; Salamo, Gregory; Hussey, Lindsay; Muńoz, Martin; Malshe, Ajay
Polymer microlens replication by Nanoimprint Lithography using proton beam fabricated Ni stamp
It is essential to have a simplified and a rapid method for fabricating micro/nano structures in different kinds of polymeric materials. Though it is possible to fabricate arrays of microlens directly by P beam writing (PBW), it is restricted to a few types of resist materials. Therefore we have fabricated a Ni electroplated metallic stamp comprising of arrays of inverse/negative features of microlenses. The metallic stamp of about 500 ?m thick is made on a silicon wafer coated with 10 ?m thick polymethylglutarimide (PMGI) resist and the desired structures are written by PBW followed by thermal reflow and Ni electroplating. An array of microlenses is imprinted on a polycarbonate (PC) substrate by the Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL) technique and the replicated microlenses featuring various numerical apertures, diameters and pitches are characterized.
Dutta, R. K.; van Kan, J. A.; Bettiol, A. A.; Watt, F.
Stamping surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for label-free, multiplexed, molecular sensing and imaging.
ABSTRACT. We report stamping surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (S-SERS) for label-free, multiplexed, molecular sensing and large-area, high-resolution molecular imaging on a flexible, nonplasmonic surface without solution-phase molecule transfer. In this technique, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin film and nanoporous gold disk SERS substrate play the roles as molecule carrier and Raman signal enhancer, respectively. After stamping the SERS substrate onto the PDMS film, SERS measurements can be directly taken from the "sandwiched" target molecules. The performance of S-SERS is evaluated by the detection of Rhodamine 6G, urea, and its mixture with acetaminophen, in a physiologically relevant concentration range, along with the corresponding SERS spectroscopic maps. S-SERS features simple sample preparation, low cost, and high reproducibility, which could lead to SERS-based sensing and imaging for point-of-care and forensics applications. PMID:24805805
Li, Ming; Lu, Jing; Qi, Ji; Zhao, Fusheng; Zeng, Jianbo; Yu, Jorn Chi-Chung; Shih, Wei-Chuan
Stamping surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for label-free, multiplexed, molecular sensing and imaging
We report stamping surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (S-SERS) for label-free, multiplexed, molecular sensing and large-area, high-resolution molecular imaging on a flexible, nonplasmonic surface without solution-phase molecule transfer. In this technique, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin film and nanoporous gold disk SERS substrate play the roles as molecule carrier and Raman signal enhancer, respectively. After stamping the SERS substrate onto the PDMS film, SERS measurements can be directly taken from the "sandwiched" target molecules. The performance of S-SERS is evaluated by the detection of Rhodamine 6G, urea, and its mixture with acetaminophen, in a physiologically relevant concentration range, along with the corresponding SERS spectroscopic maps. S-SERS features simple sample preparation, low cost, and high reproducibility, which could lead to SERS-based sensing and imaging for point-of-care and forensics applications.
Thermoset matched die molding
Reinforced molding compounds, mat molding, preform molding, cold press molding, and various other molding processes are discussed. Particular attention is given to the bulk molding compound (BMC) and the sheet molding compound (SMC) (both of which are reinforced molding compounds) as there is an increasing use of these compounds. SMC can employ a wider range of fiber lengths and fiber content than BMC, while preserving strength. The dimensional stability of BMC and SMC is unexcelled, and their corrosion resistance is generally excellent. Both compounds are composed of resins (10-2500 poises), reinforcements (BMC-glass, asbestos, sisal; SMC-soluble binder chopped strand mat), and fillers from four chemical groups (silica and silicates, carbonates, sulfates, and oxides). Molding press designs are included.
Young, P. R.
Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates osteoclast fusion through OC-STAMP and P2X7 receptor signaling.
Bone is continuously remodeled by bone formation and resorption, and cooperative bone metabolism is precisely regulated to maintain homeostasis. Osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption, are differentiated through multiple steps that include cell fusion at the last step of differentiation, yielding multinuclear cells. However, the factors involved in and the precise mechanism of cell fusion are still unknown. To determine the molecules involved in osteoclast fusion, we examined the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which has been reported to participate in the progression of cancer bone metastasis. LPA had no effect on osteoclast formation and bone resorption under receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) conditions, whereas LPA stimulated osteoclast fusion, thereby causing increased osteoclast diameter and bone resorptive capacity under a RANKL-limited condition. This result encouraged us to assess what molecules are needed for LPA-stimulated osteoclast fusion. Interestingly, LPA stimulated osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP) and P2X7 receptor mRNA expression during osteoclast fusion under a RANKL limiting condition. siRNA-induced OC-STAMP or P2X7 receptor knockdown significantly suppressed the LPA-stimulated increase in osteoclast diameter and bone resorptive capacity in differentiating cultures. Using cyclosporin A as an inhibitor, we revealed that NF-ATc1 directly regulates OC-STAMP and P2X7 receptor expression during LPA-stimulated osteoclast fusion. These results suggest that LPA is a critical regulator of osteoclast fusion by inducing the OC-STAMP and P2X7 receptor. Therefore, LPA signaling might be useful to help understand their effects on osteoclast formation and as a therapeutic target for patients with pathologically increased osteoclast formation. PMID:23624721
Hwang, Young Sun; Ma, Gwang-Taek; Park, Kwang-Kyun; Chung, Won-Yoon
ISSA-PS, The Postage Stamp Server for IRAS Imaging Data
The \\htmllink{ISSA Postage Stamp Server}{http://astrovr.ipac.caltech.edu:8888/ISSA-PS} is a Web-accessible service that delivers IRAS images to users with a minimum of effort. It is unique in that it will operate by object name as well as celestial position. Users can connect using custom clients to automatically make requests and fetch images for local use.
van Buren, D.; Ebert, R.; Egret, D.
Real-Time Phase-Stamp Range Finder Using Correlation Image Sensor
This paper proposes the phase-stamp range finder (PSRF) for real-time three-dimensional (3-D) imaging. The PSRF consists of a time-domain correlation image sensor (CIS) proposed by us, a scanning sheet of light (SOL), and three-phase reference signals supplied to the CIS. After the SOL was scanned over the object during a frame period, the CIS records the ldquophase stamprdquo of the
Akira Kimachi; Shigeru Ando
An access control scheme based on Chinese remainder theorem and time stamp concept
In this paper we propose a new dynamic access control method for the computer system with frequently inserted, deleted and updated users\\/files. Our method, based on the concepts of the access control matrix, key-lock-pair, time stamp and Chinese remainder theorem, associates each user with a user key and a user lock and each file with a file key and a
Min-shiang Hwang; Wen-guey Tzeng; Wei-pang Yang
Slurry-pressing consolidation of silicon nitride
A baseline slurry-pressing method for a silicon nitride material is developed. The Si3N4 composition contained 5.8 wt percent SiO2 and 6.4 wt percent Y2O3. Slurry-pressing variables included volume percent solids, application of ultrasonic energy, and pH. Twenty vol percent slurry-pressed material was approximately 11 percent stronger than both 30 vol percent slurry-pressed and dry-pressed materials. The Student's t-test showed the difference to be significant at the 99 percent confidence level. Twenty volume percent (300 h) slurry-pressed test bars exhibited strengths as high as 980 MPa. Large, columnar beta-Si3N4 grains caused failure in the highest strength specimens. The improved strength correlated with better structural uniformity as determined by radiography, optical microscopy, and image analysis.
Sanders, William A.; Kiser, James D.; Freedman, Marc R.
Die-attach for high-temperature applications using fineplacer-pressure-sintering (FPS)
A new joining technique called "Fineplacer-Pressure-Sintering" (FPS) for die-attach of small electronic components (e.g. LEDs and photodiodes) is described. Using a modified Flip Chip Bonder, bare dies could be bonded onto substrates with high positioning accuracy. For the FPS process a 50 tons press, which is conventionally used for pressure sintering, is no longer required. Very high average shear strengths
Julian Kahler; Nicolas Heuck; Gerhard Palm; Andrej Stranz; Andreas Waag; Erwin Peiner
Martensitic microstructural transformations from the hot stamping, quenching and partitioning process
Hot stamping, which combines forming and quenching in one process, produces high strength steels with limited ductility because the quenching is uncontrolled. A new processing technique has been proposed in which the hot stamping step is followed by a controlled quenching and partitioning process, producing a microstructure containing retained austenite and martensite. To investigate this microstructure, specimens were heated at a rate of 10 deg. C/s to the austenitizing temperature of 900 deg. C, held for 5 min to eliminate thermal gradients, and cooled at a rate of 50 deg. C/s to a quenching temperature of 300 deg. C, which is between the martensite start temperature and the martensite finish temperatures. The resulting microstructure was examined using optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The material produced contains irregular, fragmented martensite plates, a result of the improved strength of the austenite phase and the constraints imposed by a high dislocation density. - Research Highlights: {yields} A novel heat treatment of advanced high strength steels is proposed. {yields} The processing technique is hot stamping plus quenching and partitioning process. {yields} The material produced contains irregular, fragmented martensite plates. {yields} The reason is strength of austenite phase and constraint of dislocation density.
Liu Heping [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Jin Xuejun, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Dong Han; Shi Jie [Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081 (China)
The stiffness and buckling behavior of panels with stamping-induced imperfections
With the decrease of sheet thickness, the stiffness and buckling behavior of automobile body panel are more and more concerned. In this paper, the stiffness and buckling behavior of panels with stamping-induced imperfection is studied. Imperfections caused in drawing and springback are obtained by finite element analysis and introduced to define the initial state of the panel before indenting. The indenting procedure is simulated in ABAQUS Standard. In order to solve the buckling problem, a viscous pressure that is proportional to the relative velocity between surfaces is added artificially. For comparison, a simplified model in which imperfections are not considered is also established. Comparing the simulation results with the reference experiment, we find that the stamping-induced imperfections lead to a more severe oil canning phenomena under a buckling load, although they increase panel's initial stiffness a bit. Moreover, among all stamping-induced imperfections, the geometrical imperfection (surface deflection) is beneficial to increase panel's buckling load, and the material imperfections (residual stress and uneven thickness) help to decrease panel's buckling load and can make oil canning more severe during post-buckling. Influences of blank holder force, sheet thickness and material property on panel stiffness and buckling behavior are also studied. The work of this paper is beneficial to processing optimization, material selection, and reinforcement design for automotive exterior panels.
Shen, Hongqing; Li, Shuhui; Chen, Guanlong
Stamp transfer electrodes for electrochemical sensing on non-planar and oversized surfaces.
This article describes a new alternative approach to the fabrication of printed electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on the transfer of electrode patterns comprising common conductive and insulating inks from elastomeric stamps to a wide variety of rigid and flexible substrates. This simple, low cost, yet robust methodology is demonstrated to be well-suited for the formation of electrochemical sensors on non-planar substrates and large objects/structures, which have traditionally been off-limits to conventional screen printing techniques. Furthermore, the stamped electrode devices are shown to exhibit electrochemical performance that rivals that of their screen printed counterparts and display resilience against severe mechanical deformation. The stamp transfer approach is further extended to the demonstration of epidermal electrochemical sensors through the transfer of the electrode patterns directly onto the skin. The resulting sensors demonstrate a wide range of usability, from the detection of various physiological analytes, including uric acid on the skin, to the identification of residues originating from the handling of munitions and explosives. The migration of printable electrochemical sensors to non-conventional (non-planar and/or oversized) surfaces provides new opportunities within the personal healthcare, fitness, forensics, homeland security, and environmental monitoring domains. PMID:22363933
Windmiller, Joshua Ray; Bandodkar, Amay Jairaj; Parkhomovsky, Serguey; Wang, Joseph
Soft stamp UV-nanoimprint lithography for fabrication of laser diodes
In this paper, we investigate a novel nanofabrication process called soft UV nanoimprint lithography, for nanopatterning of compound semiconductors. We use flexible stamps with three layers and analyze their performance with wafers composed of III-V semiconductors. The developed stamp configuration is in many ways advantageous for the fabrication of precise gratings for various applications in photonics. We describe how to handle the deformation in both lateral and vertical directions by tuning the softness of the stamp and using a two step imprint process. As an application of the UV-NIL, we demonstrate a fabrication process for a laterally corrugated distributed feedback laser. Our laser fabrication process is free from regrowth and therefore easily adaptable to various material compositions and emission wavelengths. Due to the cost effective full wafer NIL, these lasers are attractive in various applications where low cost, single-mode laser diodes are required. Our development work improves the design freedom of the NIL fabrication process of the laser diodes, and improves the quality of the transferred patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a single-mode laser diode fabricated by soft UV-NIL.
Viheriälä, Jukka; Viljanen, Milla-Riina; Kontio, Juha; Leinonen, Tomi; Tommila, Juha; Dumitrescu, Michail; Niemi, Tapio; Pessa, Markus
Forgery Attacks on Time-Stamp, Signed PDF and X.509 Certificate
This paper studies two types of documents in which an adversary can forge a signature on a chosen document. One type is that a nonce is padded on an input document. The time-stamp protocol is a good example of this type. Another is a structured document (such as PS or PDF) whose contents are described in a body part and information (such as generated time and a generator) are in a meta part. In fact, this paper shows how to forge a time-stamp, a signature on a PDF and an X.509 certificate by the extended forgery attack and numerical examples. Forged signature by the original or the extended attacks is only accepted by the clients whose length check of zero-field is loosely implemented. As a result, we found that the latest versions of Adobe's Acrobat and Acrobat Reader accept the forged time-stamp and the forged signature on a PDF document. Target of this attack is RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5, which does not have provable security. We also show the expanded attack might forge the signature of RSASSA-PSS, which has provable security, when the length check of zero-field is omitted or loosely implemented.
Itoh, Kouichi; Izu, Tetsuya; Ogata, Wakaha; Shimoyama, Takeshi; Takenaka, Masahiko
NASA/MSFC Large Stretch Press Study
The purpose of this study was to: A. assess and document the advantages/disadvantages of a government agency investment in a large stretch form press on the order of 5000 tons capacity (per jaw); B. develop a procurement specification for the press; and C. provide trade study data that will permit an optimum site location. Tasks were separated into four major elements: cost study, user survey, site selection, and press design/procurement specification.
Choate, M. W.; Nealson, W. P.; Jay, G. C.; Buss, W. D.
Tool & Die Technician.
This document contains 23 units to consider for use in a tech prep competency profile for the occupation of tool and die technician. All the units listed will not necessarily apply to every situation or tech prep consortium, nor will all the competencies within each unit be appropriate. Several units appear within each specific occupation and…
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center on Education and Training for Employment.
When a Baby Dies.
Written especially for grieving mothers whose babies have died, this booklet offers an overview of stages and experiences through which bereaved parents commonly pass. Specifically, the text is intended to give comfort to bereaved parents, offer insight into the grieving process, and provide thoughts on leave-taking ceremonies. The first section…
Church, Martha Jo; And Others
Optimum pinch grips in the handling of dies.
Handling roller-press dies has caused numerous work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the leather industry. The dies are quite large (0.61 x 0.30 m), heavy (3.5 kg) and are difficult to handle because of the large pinch span requirements (up to 16 cm). The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum pinch span and optimum crossbar angulation to minimize die handling forces. Five-finger pulp-pinch forces were measured on five males and five females with a force-sensitive-resistor instrumented glove while handling a simulated adjustable die. Maximum pinch forces occurred at pinch spans between 1.27 and 3.81 cm, with average female strengths being 57% of average male pinch strengths. Minimum pinch forces to hold the die occurred at a 45 degrees angulation and increased linearly as the angle approached 90 degrees or the normal vertical orientation. The simplest solution to redesigning the dies is to: (1) decrease the distance between the braces to less than 4 cm and (2) slant the braces at 45 degrees. PMID:10975667
Heffernan, C; Freivalds, A
Steel with a nitride phase for hot forging and pressing tools
Nitride hardening effectively increases the high-temperature strength and wear resistance of die steels, without loss of ductility.\\u000a In comparison with 5XHM(?) steel, with moderate high-temperature strength, 5XHMA?(?) steel for large forging and pressing\\u000a tools of hammer type matches the high-temperature strength and matches or exceeds the ductility. In terms of its basic operational\\u000a properties, 3X5MA?? steel outstrips practically all steel
Yu. Z. Babaskin; S. Ya. Shipitsyn
Monte-carlo modeling of grain growth in Zr equal channel angular pressed and recrystallized
Grain boundary character distribution in equal-channel-angular pressed Zr was studied. Using a die design of 90°\\/20° and an\\u000a operation temperature of 350°C. The initial grain size of 20 ?m was reduced to about 270 nm with 4 passes via route Bc. The grain growth kinetics of the recrystallized state was obtained by experiment and Monte-Carlo computer simulation, respectively,\\u000a which showed
S. H. Yu; H. S. Ryoo; S. K. Hwang; D. H. Shin
The Hot-Pressing of Hafnium Carbide (Melting Point, 7030 F)
An investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of the hot-pressing variables (temperature, pressure, and time) on the density and grain size of hafnium carbide disks. The purpose was to provide information necessary for the production of high-density test shapes for the determination of physical and mechanical properties. Hot-pressing of -325 mesh hafnium carbide powder was accomplished with a hydraulic press and an inductively heated graphite die assembly. The ranges investigated for each variable were as follows: temperature, 3500 to 4870 F; pressure, 1000 to 6030 pounds per square inch; and time, 5 to 60 minutes. Hafnium carbide bodies of approximately 98 percent theoretical density can be produced under the following minimal conditions: 4230 F, 3500 pounds per square inch, and 15 minutes. Further increases in temperature and time resulted only in greater grain size.
Sanders, William A.; Grisaffe, Salvatore J.
Effects of applied pressure on hot-pressing of Beta-SiC
The effects of applied pressure on the densification during hot pressing of beta-SiC compacts were investigated. Beta-SiC powder is Starck made and has the average particle size of about 0.7 micrometer. Hot pressing experiments were carried out in graphite dies at temperatures of 1700 deg to 2300 deg C and at the pressures up to 1000 kg/sq cm. The compacts containing 1 weight percent B4C were examined. Sintered compacts were examined for microstructure and the Rockwell A-scale hardness was measured. The B4C addition was very effective to mitigate the hot pressing conditions. It is found that densification goes with the strengthening of the bonding and does not occur in particle deformation due to concentrated stress.
Kinoshita, M.; Matsumura, H.; Iwasa, M.; Hayami, R.
Über die Reizwirkung oberflächenaktiver Stoffe auf die Haut
Es wird über tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen berichtet, die mit handelsüblichen Fettalkoholsulfaten, Alkylarylsulfonaten und Fettsäure-Eiweiß-Kondensaten durchgeführt wurden. Im Läppchentest konnte gezeigt werden, daß toxische Reaktionen insbesondere bei höheren Konzentrationen der Fettalkoholsulfate und Alkylarylsulfonate auftraten. Die Fettsäure-Eiweiß-Kondensate übten nur bei hohen Konzentrationen eine geringe Reizwirkung auf die Kaninchenhaut aus.
K. Meinicke
Near-net-shape forming of alumina powder under hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing
Densification and deformation of alumina powder under hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing were investigated. Finite element calculations were performed by implementing constitutive equations for grain growth, power law creep and diffusional creep in the user defined subroutine CREEP of ABAQUS. An alumina compact of valve head shape was produced under hot pressing and its forming process was predicted by
K. T. Kim; Y. S. Kwon; H. G. Kim
Fabrication of perforated micro/nanopore membranes via a combination of nanoimprint lithography and pressed self-perfection process for size reduction.
Artificial membranes with perforated nanopores in defined locations provide an important biomimicking platform for sensing and analysis of biomolecules. This study presents a simple and flexible method to fabricate a freestanding polymer membrane with perforated micro- and nanopores using a combination of nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and pressed self-perfection (PSP) process. NIL was used to define initial pores of a few micrometers in diameter in the SU-8 membrane layer, which was followed by the PSP process where the patterned SU-8 membrane is pressed with a blank silicon wafer at an elevated temperature. This PSP process results in a lateral flow of the SU-8 resist and consequently reduces the pore size in the membrane. With this method, we have demonstrated fabrication of a SU-8 membrane with perforated pores down to approximately 300 nm in diameter. The results indicate that by employing a pore reduction process nanopore membranes can be manufactured without requirements of having a stamp with nanoscale structures and high aspect ratio imprinting with the stamp. PMID:23862460
Choi, Junseo; Farshchian, Bahador; Kim, Jinsoo; Park, Sunggook
Molecular dynamics study on the effects of stamp shape, adhesive energy, and temperature on the nanoimprint lithography process
Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoimprint lithography (NIL) were performed to investigate the effects of three critical process parameters in NIL: stamp shape, adhesive energy between the stamp and polymer film, and imprint temperature. The proposed simulation model of the NIL process consists of an amorphous SiO 2 stamp with a line pattern, an amorphous poly(methylmethacrylate) film, and a Si substrate under the periodic boundary condition in the horizontal direction to simulate a real NIL process imprinting periodical line patterns. The behavior of polymer deformation and the effects of adhesion on pattern transfer were investigated by observing the deformation process, calculating the imprint and separation forces, and analyzing the density and stress distribution inside the polymer film. In addition, their dependency on the process parameters is also discussed with reference to the changes in pattern shape, adhesive energy between the stamp and polymer atoms, and imprint temperature of the polymer film. During the imprint process, the rectangular pattern shows inferior cavity filling and higher stress concentration compared to trapezoidal and triangular patterns because it requires much larger flow and deformation of the polymer film. Low imprint temperature also produces high stress concentration and large imprint force due to the lower fluidity of polymer film. In the separation process, the rectangular pattern generates the largest separation force and causes the most serious defects of the transferred pattern and even the polymer film, while the triangular pattern shows the most satisfactory pattern transfer. In addition, the adhesive energy between the stamp and the polymer film also strongly influences the adhesion between the stamp and the polymer film. Low adhesive energy reduces the separation force of the stamp and transferred pattern defects, and therefore enhances the quality of pattern transfer.
Kang, Ji-Hoon; Kim, Kwang-Seop; Kim, Kyung-Woong
Fabrication of lithium ceramics by hot pressing
Controlled density LiA10/sub 2/, Li/sub 2/Zr0/sub 3/, Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/ and Li/sub 2/O pellets were fabricated by hot pressing for irradiation testing as candidate tritium breeding materials. Pellet specifications, characterization data, and procedures for hot pressing, pellet grinding and halide removal are discussed.
Wilson, C.N.
Linguistic Cohabitation: Frenglish in the Mauritius Press.
Discusses the use of Frenglish on the island of Mauritius. An examination of the local press over a nine-month period turned up ten categories of Frenglish. Frenglish in the Mauritian press highlights the uniqueness of local society by linguistically contextualizing broad ranges of social, economic, political, legal, and administrative life.…
Miles, William F. S.
Die elektrischen Eigenschaften des Bakelits
Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit erstreckt sich auf die Untersuchung der elektrischen Eigenschaften insbesondere des Bakelitproduktes C bei verschiedenen Temperaturen. In einer zweiten Versuchsreihe wird ein Überblick über das elektrische Verhalten der einzelnen Kondensationsprodukte Bakelit A, B und C zu gewinnen versucht.
O. Mannel
Back to bedlam? Chelmsford and the press.
The Australian press played a vital part in bringing the events at Chelmsford Private Hospital to the attention of the general public, and in pressuring the New South Wales government to institute a Royal Commission into Deep Sleep Therapy. This paper describes the ways in which the press brought Chelmsford events onto the public agenda. It pays particular attention to aspects of the press coverage of the findings of the Royal Commission. The paper identifies the discourses concerning psychiatric care, the doctor-patient relationship and the role of the government in regulating the medical profession which were dominant in press accounts of Chelmsford. It is argued that while pre-existing stereotypes about mad psychiatrists and asylums were used to describe Chelmsford, more confronting ideas concerning the need for medical regulation and patient consumerism received press attention and therefore a public airing. The implications for psychiatric care in Australia are examined. PMID:8481154
Lupton, D
Attacks on the Press in 2001
Released by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization established to "monitor abuses against the press and promote press freedom around the world," Attacks on the Press 2001 documents the deaths, imprisonment, and abuses of journalists around the world within the past year. Prefaced by CPJ board member Anne Garrels with an introduction by CPJ's executive director Ann Cooper, the report contains an overview of media attacks arranged by country, along with three special press freedom reports on Syria, Burma, and Colombia. In addition, the report contains a Ten Worst Enemies of the Press section that focuses attention on individual leaders responsible for the world's worst abuses against the media. Topping the list are Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei of Iran, President Jiang Zemin of China, and Liberian president Charles Taylor.
Die neuen Deutschs
\\u000a Wir leben im Handy-Zeitalter und kommunizieren über SMS (Short Message Service). Die "thumb generation" simst, was das Zeug\\u000a hält. Auch Kanzlerin Angela Merkel soll eine Anhängerin des "schnellen Worts" sein. Auf das Display eines Handys passen keine\\u000a Romane. Deshalb muss man sich kurz halten und Abkürzungen verwenden. Manche sprechen sogar von einem HandyGeheimcode der "Digital\\u000a Natives". Wenn der Magen knurrt,
Kerstin Liesem; Jörn Kränicke
Should assisted dying be lawful?
Calls for a change in the law to allow strictly controlled forms of assisted dying in the UK have resurfaced following a much-publicised storyline on the subject on the TV soap opera Coronation Street and the impending debate on Lord Falconer's Assisted Dying Bill in the House of Lords. This article reviews the current stance of the law on euthanasia and assisted dying and considers Lord Falconer's attempts to reform the law through the Assisted Dying Bill. PMID:24514111
Griffith, Richard
Dehydration and the dying patient
This study investigated the relationship between symptoms and dehydration in 82 subjects with malignant disease. Assessment of respiratory tract secretions, thirst, and dry mouth were made during the dying phase, and serum biochemistry was analyzed. Follow-up data were also collected when the patient died. The median time from entry into the study until death was 2 days. All subjects died
John E. Ellershaw; Jane M. Sutcliffe; Cicely M. Saunders
What Happens When Someone Dies?
... always be someone in the room with a dying person? Staying close to someone who is dying is often called "keeping a vigil." It can ... alone, is not a sign that someone is dying. But, for someone with a serious illness or ...
Manufacturing of Dies and Molds
The design and manufacturing of dies and molds represent a significant link in the entire production chain because nearly all mass produced discrete parts are formed using production processes that employ dies and molds. Thus, the quality, cost and lead times of dies and molds affect the economics of producing a very large number of components, subassemblies and assemblies, especially
Taylan Altan; Blaine Lilly; Y. C. Yen
Controlling new die mechanisms for magnetic characteristics of super-large ferrite cores
If a super-large core with a groove is molded with an axial molding press replacing the conventional die set, uneven density distribution occurs in the core because the molding pressure considerably converges on the groove of the core. Since this induces the residual stress in the groove to be released during the sintering process, it is difficult with the conventional
Y. Matsuo; O. M. Kondoh; F. Nakao
Do postage stamps versus pre-paid envelopes increase responses to patient mail surveys? A randomised controlled trial
Background Studies largely from the market research field suggest that the inclusion of a stamped addressed envelope, rather than a pre-paid business reply, increases the response rate to mail surveys. The evidence that this is also the case regarding patient mail surveys is limited. Methods The aim of this study is to investigate whether stamped addressed envelopes increase response rates to patient mail surveys compared to pre-paid business reply envelopes and compare the relative costs. A sample of 477 initial non-responders to a mail survey of patients attending breast clinics in Greater Manchester between 1/10/2002 – 31/7/2003 were entered into the trial: 239 were randomly allocated to receive a stamped envelope and 238 to receive a pre-paid envelope in with their reminder surveys. Overall cost and per item returned were calculated. Results The response to the stamped envelope group was 31.8% (95% CI: 25.9% – 37.7%) compared to 26.9% (21.3% – 32.5%) for the pre-paid group. The difference (4.9% 95% CI: -3.3% – 13.1%) is not significant at ? = 0.05 (?2 = 1.39; 2 tailed test, d.f. = 1; P = 0.239). The stamped envelopes were cheaper in terms of cost per returned item (Ł1.20) than the pre-paid envelopes (Ł1.67). However if the set up cost for the licence to use the pre-paid service is excluded, the cost of the stamped envelopes is more expensive than pre-paid returns (Ł1.20 versus Ł0.73). Conclusion Compared with pre-paid business replies, stamped envelopes did not produce a statistically significant increase in response rate to this patient survey. However, the response gain of the stamped strategy (4.9%) is similar to that demonstrated in a Cochrane review (5.3%) of strategies to increase response to general mail surveys. Further studies and meta analyses of patient responses to mail surveys via stamped versus pre-paid envelopes are needed with sufficient power to detect response gains of this magnitude in a patient population.
Lavelle, Katrina; Todd, Chris; Campbell, Malcolm
Application of MECC-DAD and CZE-MS to examination of color stamp inks for forensic purposes.
Questioned document examination in a wide variety of criminal and civil cases often focuses on the identification and comparison of stamp inks. Increasingly frequent counterfeiting of documents, especially those that have been stamped, has led to a growing need for instrumental methods that will allow an in-depth examination of stamp inks on a document. Therefore, the usefulness of two capillary electrophoresis techniques: micellar electrophoretic capillary chromatography with UV/Vis diode array detection (MECC-DAD) and capillary zone electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometric detection (CZE-ESI/MS) was verified for this purpose. Violet, red, blue and green stamp inks on paper surfaces were investigated. Electropherograms and mass spectra of inks purchased from 10 different producers were obtained in accordance with optimized and validated analytical procedures. It was shown that effective differentiation of individual inks was possible in terms of migration time and UV/Vis spectra provided that there was more than one characteristic peak. However, the most problematic inks with only one very similar (or identical) dye component - violet and blue ones - were additionally differentiated by CZE-MS. The obtained results showed that the proposed procedures can be useful for the objective analysis of questioned documents involving stamp inks. Consequently, the developed methods can be applied in the forensic field, including in the investigation of the authenticity of documents. PMID:24314513
Król, Ma?gorzata; Kula, Agnieszka; Ko?cielniak, Pawe?
Removal of highly crosslinked resists and hybrid polymers for single micro parts fabrication and nanoimprint stamp rework
Thick photoresists, e.g. up to 1 mm layer thickness, are widely used for the manufacture of high aspect ratio microstructures, e.g. as mould for the fabrication of metallic micro parts. Such resists or materials exhibit high mechanical and chemical stability to non-deformably withstand a pattern transfer process, e.g. by electroplating. After the pattern transfer a solvent based removal is difficult or not possible in many cases. A selective mould removal - without the damage of electroplated metal structures - is required for the fabrication of single micro parts. As second application example UV curable and strongly crosslinkable inorganic-organic hybrid polymers such as OrmoComp ® and OrmoStamp ® are used in UV moulding. The cleaning and rework of these moulds or also of stamps for nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a challenging task with increasing importance. The life time of an expensive master mould or stamp as well as of the replicated working stamps is important, and therefore the ability to rework such stamps without any defect or decreased resolution. Hence, we demonstrate the application of a plasma-assisted removal using the STP 2020 etching tool from MUEGGE [1] for remote dry etching of strongly crosslinked materials, i.e. the development of processes for the isotropical etching of highly crosslinked photoresists and hybrid polymer materials will be presented. In combination with this specific etching tool this technique shows a high potential to make plasma-assisted removal ready for industrial production.
Voigt, Anja; Engelke, Rainer; Ahrens, Gisela; Bullerjahn, Franziska; Schleunitz, Arne; Klein, Jan J.; Grützner, Gabi
Einführung in die Technische Chemie
Die "Technische Chemie" ist ein Lehrfach an Universitäten und Hochschulen. Nach dem die Studierenden der Chemie in den ersten Semestern ihres Studiums ausrei chen de theoretische Kenntnisse in Allgemeiner, Anorganischer, Organischer und Physikalischer Chemie erlangt haben, soll die Technische Chemie einen Blick auf die praktische Anwendung dieser Naturwissenschaft in unserer Wirtschaft lenken. Es gibt keine "biologische Industrie", "physikalische Industrie" oder "mathematische Industrie", wohl aber seit über 150 Jahren eine "chemische Industrie", die in dieser lan gen Zeit zahlreiche chemische Prozesse entwickelt und dazu vielfältige Methoden erarbeitet hat. Das Lehrfach Technische Chemie gibt einen Überblick über diese Pro zesse und Methoden und erleichtert dadurch den Schritt von der Universität zur be ruflichen Praxis.
Behr, Arno; Agar, David W.; Jörissen, Jakob
Simulation and Evaluation of Phase Transformations and Mechanical Response in the Hot Stamping Process
When producing thin ultra high strength steel components with the hot stamping process it is essential that the final component achieves desirable material properties. This applies in particular to passive automotive safety components. Often the desirable microstructure consists of a mix of martensite and bainite. Therefore, it is of great importance to accurately predict the final microstructure of the component early in the product development process. In this work a model to predict the austenite decomposition into ferrite, pearlite, bainite and martensite during arbitrary cooling paths for thin sheet boron steel is used. The decomposition model is based on Kirkaldy's rate equations and later modifications by Li et al. The modified model accounts for the effect from the added boron. The model is implemented as part of a material subroutine in the Finite Element Program LS-DYNA 970. Both the simulated volume fractions of micro-constituents and hardness profiles show good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations. The phase proportions affect both the thermal and the mechanical properties during the process of continuous cooling and deformation of the material. A thermo-elastic-plastic constitutive model including effects from changes in the microstructure as well as transformation plasticity is implemented in the LS-DYNA code. The material model is used in combination with a thermal shell formulation with quadratic temperature interpolation in the thickness direction to simulate the complete process of simultaneous forming and quenching of sheet metal components. The implemented model is used in coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of the hot stamping process and evaluated by comparing the results from hot stamping experiments. The results from simulations such as local thickness variations, hardness distribution and spring-back in the component show good agreement with experimental results.0.
Oldenburg, Mats; Salomonsson, Per [Luleaa University of Technology, Dep of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering, SE-97187 Luleaa (Sweden); Aakerstroem, Paul; Bergman, Greger [Gestamp Hartech AB, SE-97125 Luleaa (Sweden)
Springback analysis for the stamping of an automotive part with high strength steel sheet
The study of springback analysis of 440MPa high strength steel is investigated in this paper. Because of the springback phenomenon is related to the material properties and the deformation mechanism during the forming process, the material properties of 440MPa high strength steel are studied at first. The material properties of 440MPa high strength steel are obtained by conducting cyclic uniaxial tension-compression tests with different strain ranges. In order to apply the material properties obtained from the experiments to the finite element analysis, the material constants required in the Yoshida-Uemori model (Y-U model) with the Bauschinger effect considered are established. For realizing the springback characteristics of 440MPa high strength steel, the U-hat draw-bending and V-shape bending are examined by the finite element analysis. From the simulation results, it finds that the side wall curl phenomenon occurs in the U-hat drawbending and the springback phenomenon appears in the V-shape bending. Moreover, it also shows that the side wall curl phenomenon and springback phenomenon are more obvious in the finite element simulations with the Bauschinger effect considered. Finally, the validation of springback prediction is performed by stamping an engine hood reinforcement with 440MPa high strength steel sheet. From the stamping results, it shows that the simulation results of springback prediction are in a well agreement to the production part data. It also finds that the springback predictions are more accurate by the finite element simulations with the use of the Y-U model. It is also found that for a stamping part which is subjected to a reversed tension-compression deformation in the forming process, the occurrence of the Bauschinger effect is obvious. It is also concluded that the accuracy of springback prediction can be much improved by the use of material model with the Bauschinger effect considered.
Hung, Tzu-Hao; Tsai, Heng-Kuang; Chang, Chih-Kai; Hsu, Yu-Hung; Chen, Fuh-Kuo; Chung, Kuo-Hsin
Mechanical Properties from PBX 9501 Pressing Study
A PBX 9501 pressing study was conducted by researchers in ESA-WMM, LANL, to identify the hydrostatic pressing parameters most important in fabricating high-density parts with uniform density. In this study, 31 charges were pressed using a full permutation of six pressing parameters. Five charges from the set of 31 were selected for an evaluation of their mechanical properties, specifically uniaxial compression and tension. Charges were selected to 1) span the density range of the study, and 2) allow two direct comparisons of pressing parameters independent of bulk density (density has a well-established affect on some material properties). Three PBX 9501 charges pressed isostatically at Pantex Plant in Amarillo, TX were also included in the study. The tensile properties of the 8 charges varied significantly. Careful evaluation of the results suggests that an increase in pressing temperature may correlate with an increase in tensile stress (strength) and a decrease in strain (ductility). Trends in compression exist but are less pronounced. In an effort to explore the relationship between pressing temperature and tensile strength, four sheets of Estane polymer (a component of the PBX 9501 binder) were compression molded at 70, 90, 110 and 130°C. The tensile strength of Estane was observed to increase by a factor of nearly 20 when the molding temperature was increased from 70 to 90°C (strength increase was negligible beyond 90°C). We present an outline of ongoing work that will irrefutably quantify the mechanical property affects of both pressing temperature and dwell time on PBX 9501.(LA-UR 03-4842).
Graff Thompson, Darla; Wright, Walter J.
Heat Transfer in Hot Stamping of High-Strength Boron Steel Sheets
An optimization-based numerical procedure was developed to determine the temperature-dependent interface heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) between blank and tools during the hot stamping of boron steel. During the quenching period, IHTC changed with the temperature difference between blank and lower tool. The maximum value of 4300 W/m2 K was achieved at ?T = 798 K (525 °C). The IHTC decreased with temperature difference and reached the lowest value (1400 W/m2 K) at about ?T = 573 K (300 °C).
Zhang, Zhiqiang; Li, Xianshuang; Zhao, Yong; Li, Xiangji
Single shot time stamping of ultrabright radio frequency compressed electron pulses
We demonstrate a method of time-stamping Radio Frequency compressed electron bunches for Ultrafast Electron Diffraction experiments in the sub-pC regime. We use an in-situ ultra-stable photo-triggered streak camera to directly track the time of arrival of each electron pulse and correct for the timing jitter in the radio frequency synchronization. We show that we can correct for timing jitter down to 30 fs root-mean-square with minimal distortion to the diffraction patterns, and performed a proof-of-principle experiment by measuring the ultrafast electron-phonon coupling dynamics of silicon.
Gao, M.; Dwayne Miller, R. J. [Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. M5S 3H6 (Canada); Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics, Department of Physics, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, University of Hamburg, DESY, D-22607 Hamburg (Germany); Jiang, Y.; Kassier, G. H. [Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics, Department of Physics, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, University of Hamburg, DESY, D-22607 Hamburg (Germany)
Insulation from basaltic stamp sand. Semi-annual technical progress report
Stamp sand dumps from the mining of copper are identified. The chemical composition of the Keweenau and Russian basalts and 2 commercial glasses is given. Temperature-viscosity relationships for the production of high quality basaltic fibers are discussed. A preliminary rough fiber test is described. Fibers made from sands from Point Mills spit 4 using a drawing technique to produce textile grade fibers and using a blowing technique to produce a fiber mat are described. Fiber mats will be evaluated as thermal insulators. (DC)
Williams, F.D.
Attacks on the Press in 2000
This recently published survey reports on the harassment, imprisonment, and death of journalists worldwide. The report is comprised of regional overviews, country summaries, and individual documented cases. There are also special sections on journalists murdered or imprisoned in the last year, the International Press Freedom Awards of 2000 (given to courageous journalists), and a press release, as well as individual reports on the state of press freedom in China, Russia, and Venezuela. The report may be viewed in HTML or .pdf formats. Earlier editions of this annual report are also available on this site, back to 1996. The preface of this most recent edition was written by Peter Arnett.
Nitriding of Aluminum Extrusion Die: Effect of Die Geometry
Nitriding of complex-shaped extrusion dies may result in non-uniform nitride layers and hence a required hardness may not be achieved in some regions of the bearing area. The present study is carried out to assess the effect of extrusion die profile on the characteristics and growth behavior of nitride layers so that the critical die design feature can be identified to enhance the uniformity of the nitride layer. For this purpose, AISI H13 steel samples have been manufactured with profiles similar to those of hot extrusion dies. The samples were then gas nitrided under controlled nitriding potential. The uniformity and depth of nitride layers have been investigated in terms of compound layer and total nitride case depth for selected die features. The results of this study indicated the need to include the effect of profile on the nitride layer for the optimal die design with improved service life.
Akhtar, S. S.; Arif, A. F. M.; Yilbas, B. S.
Numerical Modeling for Springback Predictions by Considering the Variations of Elastic Modulus in Stamping Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSS)
This paper presents a numerical modeling approach for predicting springback by considering the variations of elastic modulus on springback in stamping AHSS. Various stamping tests and finite-element method (FEM) simulation codes were used in this study. The cyclic loading-unloading tensile tests were conducted to determine the variations of elastic modulus for dual-phase (DP) 780 sheet steel. The biaxial bulge test was used to obtain plastic flow stress data. The non-linear reduction of elastic modulus for increasing the plastic strain was formulated by using the Yoshida model that was implemented in FEM simulations for springback. To understand the effects of material properties on springback, experiments were conducted with a simple geometry such as U-shape bending and the more complex geometry such as the curved flanging and S-rail stamping. Different measurement methods were used to confirm the final part geometry. Two different commercial FEM codes, LS-DYNA and DEFORM, were used to compare the experiments. The variable elastic modulus improved springback predictions in U-shape bending and curved flanging tests compared to FEM with the constant elastic modulus. However, in S-rail stamping tests, both FEM models with the isotropic hardening model showed limitations in predicting the sidewall curl of the S-rail part after springback. To consider the kinematic hardening and Bauschinger effects that result from material bending-unbending in S-rail stamping, the Yoshida model was used for FEM simulation of S-rail stamping and springback. The FEM predictions showed good improvement in correlating with experiments.
Kim, Hyunok; Kimchi, Menachem
Hot Isostatic Pressing of Ceramic Powder Compacts.
The densification of aluminum oxide in hot isostatic pressing has been studied in detail. Methods for calculating maps of densification rate as function of temperature and applied pressure have been developed. A new mechanism, interface-reaction-controlle...
J. K. McCoy A. J. Markworth
The effect of temperature, pressure and time on the rate of densification of submicron alumina powder during hot isostatic pressing has been determined using a dilatometer to continuously monitor volumetric changes. A Fortran computer program is used to m...
J. K. McCoy R. R. Wills
An Introduction to Bibliographical Press Work.
This guide to the literature of bibliographical press work is comprised of brief introductory notes on the field and this bibliography, followed by citations listed in seven categories: (1) book production, (2) handmade paper, (3) printer's ink, (4) type ...
J. V. Richardson
Gas-driven filter pressing in magmas
USGS Publications Warehouse
Most silicic and some mafic magmas expand via second boiling if they crystallize at depths of about 10 km or less. The buildup of gas pressure due to second boiling can be relieved by expulsion of melt out of the region of crystallization, and this process of gas-driven filter pressing assists the crystallization differentiation of magmas. For gas-driven filter pressing to be effective, the region of crystallization must inflate slowly relative to buildup of pressure and expulsion of melt These conditions are satisfied in undercooled magmatic inclusions and in thin sheets of primitive magma underplating cooler magma reservoirs. Gas-driven filter pressing thereby adds fractionated melt to magma bodies. Gas-driven filter pressing is probably the dominant process by which highly evolved melts segregate from crystal mush to form aplitic dikes in granitic plutons; this process could also account for the production of voluminous, crystal-poor rhyolites.
Sisson, T. W.; Bacon, C. R.
Consolidation of Thermites by Pressing and Sintering.
Consolidated thermites can be used as chemical heat sources. Pressing and sintering, a power metallurgy technique, has been developed to consolidate thermite parts with uniform density, composition, and calorific output. These materials are safe to handle...
L. D. Abney M. D. Kelly
Meteorologia na Imprensa (Meteorology in the Press).
Analysis of press coverage in the area of meteorology in the period 1983 to 1988 involves eight means of communication. The topic is subdivided into eight themes, not considering daily weather forecasts and non-scientific materials. Statistics, results, a...
B. C. P. Dornelles
Apollo 13 Facts [Post Flight Press Conference
The Apollo 13 astronauts, James Lovell, Jr., John Swigert, Jr., and Fred Haise, Jr., are seen during this post flight press conference. They describe their mission and answer questions from the audience.
Fabrication of sub-20 nm nano-gap structures through the elastomeric nano-stamp assisted secondary sputtering phenomenon.
We describe a highly efficient method for fabricating controllable and reliable sub-20 nm scale nano-gap structures through an elastomeric nano-stamp with an embedded ultra-thin pattern. The stamp consists of ultrahigh resolution (approximately 10 nm) and high aspect ratio (ca. 15) metal nano-structures, which are obtained by secondary sputtering lithography (SSL). The nano-gap structures fabricated in this fashion achieve a high resolution and meet the requirements of minimal cost, high reliability, controllability, reproducibility, and applicability to different materials. Further, we demonstrate that this method enables the fabrication of SERS substrates for detection at the single-molecule level. PMID:24770563
Jeon, Hwan-Jin; Lee, Eun Hyung; Yoo, Hae-Wook; Kim, Kyoung Hwan; Jung, Hee-Tae
Shape optimization of three-dimensional stamped and solid automotive components
The shape optimization of realistic, 3-D automotive components is discussed. The integration of the major parts of the total process: modeling, mesh generation, finite element and sensitivity analysis, and optimization are stressed. Stamped components and solid components are treated separately. For stamped parts a highly automated capability was developed. The problem description is based upon a parameterized boundary design element concept for the definition of the geometry. Automatic triangulation and adaptive mesh refinement are used to provide an automated analysis capability which requires only boundary data and takes into account sensitivity of the solution accuracy to boundary shape. For solid components a general extension of the 2-D boundary design element concept has not been achieved. In this case, the parameterized surface shape is provided using a generic modeling concept based upon isoparametric mapping patches which also serves as the mesh generator. Emphasis is placed upon the coupling of optimization with a commercially available finite element program. To do this it is necessary to modularize the program architecture and obtain shape design sensitivities using the material derivative approach so that only boundary solution data is needed.
Botkin, M. E.; Yang, R.-J.; Bennett, J. A.
Color separation of signature and stamp inks to facilitate handwriting examination.
The questioned documents laboratory often encounters cases where handwriting that is to be examined intersects with some interfering factor such as a rubber stamp, typewriting or background printing. In these cases, line direction, beginning and ending features of letters and other fine details of the handwriting may be lost in the "noise" of the intersecting ink. The purpose of this paper is to show several new digital photography methods that may be used to "subtract" the effect of the intersecting ink, thereby enhancing that of the handwriting ink in order to enable the document examiner to conduct a complete examination. These methods have the advantage of being fast and do not involve the use of expensive material or equipment. Several new methods are described that may be used to separate the colors of the handwriting ink from that of the intersecting ink: the analog method and several digital methods such as RGB-HSB-CMYK, L*a*b color, and color separation using the Channel Mixer function of Adobe Photoshop. Successful application of these color separation methods to specific handwriting ink/rubber stamp ink color combinations shows that the effect of the intersecting ink may indeed be minimalized if not canceled altogether. Application of the suggested methods may well make the difference between a nonconclusive handwriting examination and a full analysis of the questioned handwriting. PMID:14640292
Chaikovsky, Alan; Brown, Sharon; David, Laser Sin; Balman, Alex; Barzovski, Avner
Springback Reduction in Stamping of Front Side Member with a Response Surface Method
Springback is a common phenomenon in sheet metal forming since the elastic recovery of the internal stresses is induced after removal of the tooling. The numerical analysis of springback is a complicated time-consuming job and its result is greatly effected by a type of the yield function, finite elements used and the constraint condition for eliminating a rigid body motion. In this paper, optimization of the draw-bead force is carried out utilizing the response surface method in order to reduce springback and improve shape accuracy of a deep drawn product. In the optimization process, the tendency of springback is evaluated qualitatively without springback simulation usually done with the implicit solving scheme. Instead of springback simulation, the amount of stress deviation along the thickness direction in the deep drawn product is used as an indicator of springback. The stamping process is analyzed for a front side member formed with advanced high strength steel (AHSS) sheets such as DP60. The analysis procedure fully covers the binder-wrap, stamping, trimming and springback processes with the commercial elasto-plastic finite element code LS-DYNA 3D. The effect of the restraining force of draw-beads is confirmed with the decreased stress deviation. The analysis result shown in the final springback simulation demonstrates that the present analysis provides a guideline for controlling the evolution of springback based on the finite element simulation of complicated auto-body members.
Song, Jung-Han; Huh, Hoon; Kim, Se-Ho; Park, Sung-Ho
Photovoltaic devices with an active layer from a stamping transfer technique: single layer versus double layer.
In this study, organic photovoltaic devices with single or double-layered active film were prepared from a stamping transfer technique. A P3HT/PCBM single-layered active layer and a ratio-controlled P3HT/PCBM double-layered active can be successfully fabricated with the help of ultraviolet curable polycarbonate films via a stamping transfer technique. The maximum conversion efficiency values 2.85 for a single active layer transferred device and 3.24% for an optimized double active layer transferred device. Even though transferred double layers should have a sharp interface boundary, an intermixed zone with a concentration gradient was generated by the interpenetration of a donor-rich layer and an acceptor-rich layer in a thermal annealing process. The generation of the intermixed zone is confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy. The enhanced conversion efficiency levels are attributed to the increased efficiency of the carrier transporting process, which is due to the fact that the concentration gradient is combined with the efficient charge generation from the bulk heterojunction layers. PMID:20302275
Wang, Dong Hwan; Choi, Dae-Geun; Lee, Ki-Joong; Park, O Ok; Park, Jong Hyeok
Experimental Investigation About Stamping Behaviour of 3D Warp Interlock Composite Preforms
Forming of continuous fibre reinforcements and thermoplastic resin commingled prepregs can be performed at room temperature due to its similar textile structure. The "cool" forming stage is better controlled and more economical. The increase of temperature and the resin consolidation phases after the forming can be carried out under the isothermal condition thanks to a closed system. It can avoid the manufacturing defects easily experienced in the non-isothermal thermoforming, in particular the wrinkling [1]. Glass/Polypropylene commingled yarns have been woven inside different three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabrics and then formed using a double-curved shape stamping tool. The present study investigates the in-plane and through-thickness behaviour of the 3D warp interlock fibrous reinforcements during forming with a hemispherical punch. Experimental data allow analysing the forming behaviour in the warp and weft directions and on the influence of warp interlock architectures. The results point out that the layer to layer warp interlock preform has a better stamping behaviour, in particular no forming defects and good homogeneity in thickness.
Dufour, Clément; Wang, Peng; Boussu, François; Soulat, Damien
Roll-printed organic thin-film transistor using patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp.
The roll-printed gate, source, and drain electrodes of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated by gravure printing or gravure-offset printing using patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp with various channel lengths and low-resistance silver (Ag) pastes on flexible 150 x 150 mm2 plastic substrates. Bottom-contact roll-printed OTFTs used polyvinylphenol (PVP) as polymeric dielectric and bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) as organic semiconductor; they were formed by spin coating or ink-jetting. Depending on the choice of roll-printing method, the printed OTFTs obtained had a field-effect mobility of between 0.08 and 0.1 cm2/Vs, an on/off current ratio of between 10(4) and 10(5), and a subthreshold slope of between 1.96 and 2.32 V/decade. The roll-printing using patterned PDMS stamp and soluble processes made it possible to fabricate a printed OTFT with a channel length of between 12 to 74 microm on a plastic substrate; this was not previously possible using traditional printing techniques. The proposed fabrication process was 20 steps shorted than conventional fabrication techniques. PMID:20359007
Jo, Jeongdai; Yu, Jong-Su; Lee, Taik-Min; Kim, Dong-Soo; Kim, Kwang-Young
A method is described for producing powder metal compacts with a high ; length to width ratio, which are of substantially uniform density. The process ; consists in arranging a heating coil around the die and providing a temperature ; gradient along the length of the die with the highest temperature at the point of ; the compact farthest away
Foreigners dying in Istanbul.
The study included 411 deaths selected from 14,647 medicolegal deaths autopsied in the Morgue Department of Forensic Medicine Institute Directorate, affiliated with the Ministry of Justice, between 1998 and 2002. Data were collected from court documents, coroner's investigation reports, and autopsy reports. The parameters of age, gender, nationality and origin, cause and place of death in foreigners dying in Istanbul were evaluated in the study. Out of 14,647 medicolegal deaths, 3.5% were foreigners from 34 different nationalities. The nationality with the highest rate of foreigner deaths (34%) was Romanian. Out of 411 deaths, 74.3% were male and 25.7% were female. Of all cases, 64.4% were tourists visiting Istanbul and 35.6% had a job in Istanbul. Of 146 foreigners employed in Istanbul, 94.5% did not have a work permit, while only 5.5% had a work permit. PMID:19674242
Uzun, Ibrahim; Celbis, Osman; Baydar, Cetin Lutfi; Alkan, Nevzat; Arslan, Murat Nihat
Die Hautbiopsie und die Dermatopathologie für den Kliniker
Die Haut ist sowohl makroskopisch als auch kleinchirurgisch dem Kliniker sehr gut zugäng- lich. So stellt die Hautbiopsie in der Hand des Geübten ein wertvolles und einfaches Werk- zeug zur Diagnosestellung und gleichzeitigen Therapie von Hauterkrankungen, insbeson- dere von Neoplasien, dar. Auch wenn der Grossteil der Hautbiopsien von guter Qualität ist, stellt eine inadäquate Gewe- beprobe für jeden (Dermato-)Pathologen eine
Bruno E. Paredes
Die-to-die and die-to-database capability analysis for advanced OPC inspection
With design rules continuing to shrink down to 0.18 micrometer and beyond, various small OPC features have been used more and more by the semiconductor industry to increase the process latitude depth of focus), preserve the printing pattern fidelity on the wafer and extend the lifetime of photolithography technology. These various sub resolution OPC features directly challenge the inspection capability of the most advanced inspection systems. Die to die and die to database inspection capabilities must be characterized. A comprehensive 'HellOPC' test mask has been designed and developed for the OPC inspection evaluation. We have evaluated the OPC inspection capability of various OPC features for four technology levels that are 0.25 micrometer, 0.225 micrometer, 0.18 micrometer and 0.15 micrometer with Die to Die and Die to Database modes with this 'HellOPC' test mask. Runability (runability equals inspectability) maps for various technology levels and various OPC sizes have been presented. The results showed die to die inspection capability is much better than die to database for the advanced OPC inspection. The APA on KLA351 and the AOP215 on KLA353 have been evaluated in this work.
Chen, Jerry X.; Russell, Drew R.; Terhune, Robert; Riddick, John; Kalk, Franklin D.; Lucas, Kevin D.; Falch, Bradley J.
Fabrication of sub-20 nm nano-gap structures through the elastomeric nano-stamp assisted secondary sputtering phenomenon
We describe a highly efficient method for fabricating controllable and reliable sub-20 nm scale nano-gap structures through an elastomeric nano-stamp with an embedded ultra-thin pattern. The stamp consists of ultrahigh resolution (approximately 10 nm) and high aspect ratio (ca. 15) metal nano-structures, which are obtained by secondary sputtering lithography (SSL). The nano-gap structures fabricated in this fashion achieve a high resolution and meet the requirements of minimal cost, high reliability, controllability, reproducibility, and applicability to different materials. Further, we demonstrate that this method enables the fabrication of SERS substrates for detection at the single-molecule level.We describe a highly efficient method for fabricating controllable and reliable sub-20 nm scale nano-gap structures through an elastomeric nano-stamp with an embedded ultra-thin pattern. The stamp consists of ultrahigh resolution (approximately 10 nm) and high aspect ratio (ca. 15) metal nano-structures, which are obtained by secondary sputtering lithography (SSL). The nano-gap structures fabricated in this fashion achieve a high resolution and meet the requirements of minimal cost, high reliability, controllability, reproducibility, and applicability to different materials. Further, we demonstrate that this method enables the fabrication of SERS substrates for detection at the single-molecule level. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Descriptions of experimental scheme for fabrication of hole-cylinder pattern. See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06346a
The Thinning of the Net: An Analysis of Food Stamps, Population Change, and Poverty Growth. Strategic Issues Paper Series.
Changes in the Federal food stamp program have resulted in a reduction in the number of eligible people receiving needed food assistance and a weakening of the "safety net" that protects the needy from poverty, unemployment, and high medical costs. Blacks and Hispanic Americans appear to have been disproportionately affected by these changes.…
Small, Ken; And Others
Additive, nanoscale patterning of metal films with a stamp and a surface chemistry mediated transfer process: Applications in plastic electronics
We describe a method for contact printing metal patterns with nanometer features over large areas. This nanotransfer printing (nTP) technique relies on tailored surface chemistries to transfer metal films from the raised regions of a stamp to a substrate when these two elements are brought into intimate physical contact. The printing is purely additive, fast (<15 s contact time), and
Yueh-Lin Loo; Robert L. Willett; Kirk W. Baldwin; John A. Rogers
A New Binary Access Control Method of User-File Key with Time Stamp and Data Security
A new binary access control method of user-file key with time stamp and data security is proposed. The proposed method is based upon binary form of access rights. In this method each user is assigned one key and each file is assigned another key. The key of a user or a file can be used to reveal the access rights
Mir Shahidul Islam
Multichannel digital correlator and hardware simulator for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and multichannel photon time stamping
In fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering, digital correlators acquire the autocorrelation function of detected photons to measure diffusional dynamics of biomolecules and small particles. Multi-channel data from different wavelengths or scattering angles provides increased information for resolving multiple species. Similarly, in single-molecule spectroscopy and in experiments on photon entanglement, there is a need to acquire time stamps of
Isaac Lescano; Lloyd Davis
Homemaker Reaction to EFNEP/Food Stamp Pilot Nutrition Education Project. A 1983 Pennsylvania and Massachusetts Survey. Extension Studies 92.
Between 1982 and 1983, more than 750 homemakers from Pennsylvania and Massachusetts participated in a national study to test selected methods of delivering nutrition education to low-income families. The study, the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)/Food Stamp Pilot Project, was conducted through the EFNEP in 10 states. At the…
Dunn, Polly P.; And Others
Graphic Arts: Book Three. The Press and Related Processes.
The third of a three-volume set of instructional materials for a graphic arts course, this manual consists of nine instructional units dealing with presses and related processes. Covered in the units are basic press fundamentals, offset press systems, offset press operating procedures, offset inks and dampening chemistry, preventive maintenance…
Farajollahi, Karim; And Others
The Association of American University Presses
University-sponsored presses are almost as old as the very enterprise of higher education itself, as their origins can be traced back to the publication of a commentary on the Apostle's Creed at Oxford in 1478. The Association of American University Presses (AAUP) was formed in 1946, and its website offers information that is both specific to the enterprise of scholarly publications and to the general book-loving public. Perhaps most visitors will want to start at the site's "Books for Understanding" feature. Here they will find works published by member university presses that deal with contemporary themes, including civil liberties and terrorism. Another fine resource is the 2005 University Press Books Selected for Public and Secondary Schools Libraries online bibliography. Here visitors will find a list of high-quality titles (organized around the Dewey Decimal system) that will be of interest to readers and librarians. Finally, visitors can also visit the News Desk area to learn about the role university presses play in society and view a list of awards won by AAUP member publishers.
An activist press: The farm press's coverage of the animal rights movement
The animal rights movement is a serious challenge to current agricultural practices. Agriculture's response, in part, depends on how successfully it can mobilize its natural constituency, farmers. However, theories of the mainstream press suggest that the mainstream press generally covers events, rarely reports or adopts the perspective of alternative movements, rarely includes mobilizing information, and suggests that routine social structures
Ann Reisner
Über die Auswertung von Leitfähigkeitsglowkurven
Es wird für ein einfaches reaktionskinetisches Modell mit einer Hafttermgruppe einheitlicher energetischer Lage der Verlauf der Lösungsfunktionen des ihm entsprechenden Gleichungssystems diskutiert, unter gewissen Näherungsannahmen eine Methode zur Bestimmung physikalisch interessierender Parameter aus Leitfähigkeitsglowkurven angegeben und eine Fehlerabschätzung für die nach dieser Methode bestimmten Parameter durchgeführt. Es ergibt sich überdies, daß die Näherungsformel von Randall und Wilkins auch für Leitfähigkeitsglowkurven
K. W. Böer; S. Oberländer; J. Voigt
Legendary Filmmaker Dies at age 95
Legendary filmmaker Billy Wilder, who went from being a crime reporter in Vienna and a refugee from Nazism to becoming the creator of such classic films as Some Like It Hot and Sunset Boulevard, died at the age of 95 at his home in Beverly Hills this past Wednesday. With an extensive movie career that spans several decades, Wilder was the recipient of six Oscars and was the first filmmaker to win three Academy Awards in a single year. He was a master storyteller who specialized in exploring the dark side of American life with a cynicism and humor that few movie makers have ever matched. A writer, director, and producer, Wilder produced some of the industry's best dramas, like Double Indemnity and The Lost Weekend, as well as some of its funniest farces -- Some Like It Hot and The Fortune Cookie. He also was the man who first paired Jack Lemmon and Walter Matthau, creating one of the screen's most beloved comic teams.Wilder was born Samuel Wilder on June 22, 1906, in the Polish town of Sucha, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His mother nicknamed him Billy because of her fascination with the Western hero Buffalo Bill. In 1924, after briefly attending the University of Vienna, Wilder landed a job as a police reporter. His aggressive journalism led him to Berlin, where, enchanted by the city's film community, he decided to become a movie maker. For more information on this story, viewers may access the first two articles published by the United International Press and the Associated Press respectively. Those interested in a list of Wilder's many films may access the third site, also by the Associated Press. Sites four and five both give tribute to this filmmaking icon. Offered by the American Cinema, the first tribute provides biographical information on Wilder, as well as information on his filmography, academy awards, and co-screen writers. The second tribute offers various links to other Billy Wilder sites. Finally, the last site list quotations by Billy Wilder taken from "Conversations with Wilder" by Cameron Crowe.
Green, Marcia.
The long-term results of press-fit cemented stems in total knee prostheses.
We evaluated the long-term fixation of 64 press-fit cemented stems of constrained total knee prostheses in 32 young patients with primary malignant bone tumours. Initial stable fixation, especially in rotation, was achieved by precise fit of the stem into the reamed endosteum, before cementation. Complementary fixation, especially in migration and rotation, was obtained by pressurised antibiotic-loaded cement. The mean age at operation was 33 years (13 to 61). No patient was lost to follow-up; 13 patients died and the 19 survivors were examined at a mean follow-up of 12.5 years (4 to 21). Standard revision press-fit cemented stems were used on the side of the joint which was not involved with tumour (26 tibial and six femoral), on this side there was no loosening or osteolysis and stem survival was 100%. On the reconstruction side, custom-made press-fit stems were used and the survival rate, with any cause for revision as an end point, was 88%, but 97% for loosening or osteolysis. This longevity is similar to that achieved at 20 years with the Charnley-Kerboull primary total hip replacement with press-fit cemented femoral components. We recommend this type of fixation when extensive reconstruction of the knee is required. It may also be suitable for older patients requiring revision of a total knee replacement or in difficult situations such as severe deformity and complex articular fractures. PMID:16877600
Langlais, F; Belot, N; Ropars, M; Lambotte, J C; Thomazeau, H
Press conference held to announce position statement
AGU held a press conference on Thursday January 28, at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., to announce that the AGU Council had adopted a position statement on the subject of climate change and greenhouse gases. AGU members Tamara Ledley, senior scientist with TERC in Cambridge, Mass., Eric Sundquist, research geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey in Woods Hole, Mass., and Tim Killeen, professor of atmospheric, oceanic, and space sciences at the University of Michigan were on hand to discuss the statement and answer questions from members of the press. The three scientists drafted the statement and submitted it for Council approval with Dorothy Hall of the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., Stephen Schwartz of Brookhaven National Lab in Upton, N.Y., and Jack Fellows of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo. The AGU Council approved the statement in December during the 1998 AGU Fall Meeting.
Folger, Peter
The Dying Day
The 85-foot telescope's dying day was part of a week of memorably unusual weather---which, in turn, was part of a memorable winter in California (and elsewhere!). On this day, it spent several hours finishing a months-long, apparently successful observation of Zeeman splitting of the 18-cm OH lines in absorption against the Galactic center continuum source Sgr A. Later, it continued a survey of weak diffuse radio recombination lines near the Galactic plane---observations that were interrupted by strong winds, which made the telescope move to the stow position. We know the rest. Had the telescope not been destroyed, it would have been reconfigured the following day to observe the 21-cm line. It would have continued an ongoing survey of interstellar magnetic fields using Zeeman splitting of the 21-cm line. It would have begun a search for broad, weak line wings, which had been previously discovered in association with supernova remnants. It would have been involved in a number of H I mapping projects. And it would have continued its measurements of diffuse radio recombination lines. Had it not been for the inclement weather, the weekend would have seen it being used in laboratory exercises for undergraduates at UC Berkeley.
Heiles, Carl
Adapt or die?
The worldwide economic recession and the concomitant limited stock of finances have had an influence on the available money of every household and have also inhibited the improvement of socio-economic conditions and medicine. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) has the objective of improving the living conditions of the people with regard to housing, education, training and health care. The latter seems to be a major problem which has to be addressed with the emphasis on the preventive and promotional aspects of health care. A comprehensive health care system did not come into being property in the past because of the maldistribution of health care services, personnel and differences in culture and health care beliefs and values. The question that now arises, is how to render a quality health care service within the constraints of inadequate financing and resources. A comprehensive literature study has been done with reference to quality health care and financing followed by a survey of existing health services and finances. Recommendations are made about minimum requirements to be accepted if one were to adapt rather than die in terms of the provision of healthcare: the decentralization and rationalization of the administration of health care, the stress on and realization of effective and efficient primary health care, the acceptance of participative management in health providing organizations, the provision of financial management training for health care managers and the application of management accounting principles for the improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of management. PMID:9283343
Visser, S S; Nel, A H
A Fully Integrated Humidity Sensor System-on-Chip Fabricated by Micro-Stamping Technology
A fully integrated humidity sensor chip was designed, implemented, and tested. Utilizing the micro-stamping technology, the pseudo-3D sensor system-on-chip (SSoC) architecture can be implemented by stacking sensing materials directly on the top of a CMOS-fabricated chip. The fabricated sensor system-on-chip (2.28 mm × 2.48 mm) integrated a humidity sensor, an interface circuit, a digital controller, and an On-Off Keying (OOK) wireless transceiver. With low power consumption, i.e., 750 ?W without RF operation, the sensitivity of developed sensor chip was experimentally verified in the relative humidity (RH) range from 32% to 60%. The response time of the chip was also experimentally verified to be within 5 seconds from RH 36% to RH 64%. As a consequence, the implemented humidity SSoC paves the way toward the an ultra-small sensor system for various applications.
Huang, Che-Wei; Huang, Yu-Jie; Lu, Shey-Shi; Lin, Chih-Ting
Coordination of time-stamps in optical communication experiments without clock signal sending
The problem is how to implement coordination of time-stamps shared between sender and receiver in optical communications without clock signal sending. The coordination is essential for sharing time sequence information between the two. Clock signal free implementation of it will save the cost for implementing the clock signal channel. In our experiment, we devised a special bit sequence and put the sequence on top of data sequence to be sent, then the whole sequence was sent to receiver along a single optical channel. In theory, thanks to the specialty of the pattern embedded, the first data bit at the sender side will be identified on the receiver's time axis. The results were as expected. We succeeded in demonstrating our theory. The method has a potential to saving a great deal of cost and physical burden, including implementing various transmission channels. The nearest next target is to incorporate this method into a quantum cryptography system.
Hammura, Kiyotaka; Williams, David
Weld Repair of a Stamped Pressure Vessel in a Radiologically Controlled Zone
In September 2012 an ASME B&PVC Section VIII stamped pressure vessel located at the DOE Hanford Site Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) developed a through-wall leak. The vessel, a steam/brine heat exchanger, operated in a radiologically controlled zone (by the CH2MHill PRC or CHPRC), had been in service for approximately 17 years. The heat exchanger is part of a single train evaporator process and its failure caused the entire system to be shut down, significantly impacting facility operations. This paper describes the activities associated with failure characterization, technical decision making/planning for repair by welding, logistical challenges associated with performing work in a radiologically controlled zone, performing the repair, and administrative considerations related to ASME code requirements.
Cannell, Gary L. [Fluor Enterprises, Inc.; Huth, Ralph J. [CH2MHill Plateau Remediation Company; Hallum, Randall T. [Fluor Government Group
Dual die Pentium D package technology development
This paper describes the technology development for packaging two identical CPU die on one package. Historically, processors involved packaging one die on a package, but with higher performance demands, multiple die products have become necessary. With existing single core die designs, packaging two die in one unit provides a novel way of producing a dual core CPU without designing new
Mat Manusharow; Altaf Hasan; Tong Wa Chao; Matt Guzy
I. Die politische Lage in Deutschland
• Deutschland zu Beginn des Jahres 2005 - große Solidarität mit den Opfern der Flutkatastrophe: Das schreckliche Seebeben in Südostasien und die traurigen Bilder von Tod, Verlust und Zerstörung haben auch in Deutschland die Menschen tief berührt. Die Hilfsbereitschaft der Bürger ist beeindruckend; sie zeigt, wie viel Be- reitschaft zum Engagement über die eigenen Angelegenheiten hinaus vorhanden ist, wenn die
ANGELA MERKEL; Bericht der Vorsitzenden
Evaluation of an on farm press
POS has evaluated the Simon-Rosedowns mini-40 farm scale press in terms of throughput, oil removal, quality of oil, and effect of seed conditions on throughput and oil quality. Preliminary indications are that the press is very reliable and rugged. Oil output of 9 to 10 litres/hour has been attained for 6 to 7% moisture seed. Throughput drops off from 25 to 15 kg/h and oil removal worsens considerably when 9 to 10% moisture seed is expelled. 3 figures.
Blake, J.A.
Freedom House: Freedom of the Press
Advocacy, action, and analysis are the tenets of Freedom House, a democracy organization founded in 1941 in the United States. Their website is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, Farsi, Korean, Russian and Spanish, and is loaded with analysis. One of the focuses of Freedom House is to monitor the freedom of the press available in countries around the world. Each year they publish a survey of 194 countries' degree of free press. The report includes country scores, draft reports, an overview essay, and methodology employed in gathering the data for the survey. To view any of the reports simply click "Reports" near the top of the homepage.
Added sugars displaced the use of vital nutrients in the National Food Stamp Program Survey.
Recent increases in consumption of added sugars in the US can reduce intake of vital nutrients and increase the overall energy intakes. A comprehensive framework is necessary for addressing the controversy surrounding the effects of added sugars on nutrient intakes while controlling for dietary knowledge, behavioral factors, and total energy intakes, especially among low-income households. This paper analyzed the proximate determinants of 1-wk availability (or use) of added sugars by 913 households participating in the National Food Stamp Program Survey conducted in 1996-97. In addition, households' use of protein; fiber; calcium; iron; beta-carotene; vitamins A, C, E, B-6, and B-12; folic acid; and potassium were explained by socioeconomic and behavioral factors and by added sugars use. Linear programming analyses were conducted for assessing the effects of food prices on added sugars use. Participation in Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children program, food stamp benefits, and consumption of low-fat diets were associated (P<0.05) with lower added sugars use. Furthermore, greater use of added sugars significantly lowered households' uses of protein; iron; vitamins A, C, B-6, and B-12; and potassium. Behavioral and socioeconomic variables such as adopting a low-fat diet, consuming fruits and vegetables, saving money at grocery stores, frequency of shopping trips, skipping meals, and food insecurity were often important predictors of nutrient use. Overall, the results indicated that added sugars should be discouraged in dietary guidelines, because their adverse effects on diet quality were evident in this low-income population. PMID:17237326
Bhargava, Alok; Amialchuk, Aliaksandr
Predicting the performance of belt filter presses using the Crown Press for laboratory simulation
Belt filter presses (BFPs) are among the most commonly used devices to dewater wastewater sludge. The concept used by a BFP to achieve dewatered cake solids is relatively simple; however, replicating this performance in the laboratory in order to predict the performance of a BFP with reasonable reliability has proven to be a challenge. The Crown Press is one tool that has been shown to replicate the performance of anaerobically digested sludge on a BFP. This study used the Crown Press to replicate and predict the performance of waste activated sludge (WAS) from the Mauldin Road wastewater treatment plant on BFPs. Several operational variables, including belt speed, belt tension, polymer type, and polymer dose, were changed on the Crown Press to predict how the changes on the BFP would affect performance. Two polymers were chosen to be tested on the BFPs at Mauldin Road based on Crown Press predictions. The first polymer performed the same as the plant`s current polymer in the lab, and the second performed better (achieved higher final cake solids) than the current polymer. These predictions were borne out in the BFP tests, showing that the Crown Press predictions were accurate. The Crown Press predictions were also compared to the predictions made by the capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) tests. The Crown Press provided more information regarding the affect of polymer type and dose on cake solids than either CST or SRF. The Crown Press was shown to be a viable tool to assess potential changes in BFP performance with WAS when operational variables change.
Graham, T.M.
Fielding questions from the press concerning 3rd Century America, the Bicentennial Exposition on Science and Technology are [left to right]: Herbert J. Rowe, NASA Associate Administrator for External Affairs; Miles Ross, KSC Deputy Director and Bicentennial General Manager; Lee Scherer, KSC Director, and Paul Donnelly, KSC Director of Space Transportation System Processing and Chief of the Exposition Site Development and Operations Office.
This guide to the literature of bibliographical press work is comprised of brief introductory notes on the field and this bibliography, followed by citations listed in seven categories: (1) book production, (2) handmade paper, (3) printer's ink, (4) type design, (5) book design, (6) hand printing, and (7) hand bookbinding. Introductory as well as…
Richardson, John V., Jr.
Metrics for Offset Printing Press Operation.
Designed to meet the job-related metric measurement needs of offset printing press operation students, this instructional package is one of six for the communication media occupations cluster, part of a set of 55 packages for metric instruction in different occupations. The package is intended for students who already know the occupational…
Cooper, Gloria S., Ed.; Magisos, Joel H., Ed.
When International Press Rights "Are" the News
In many countries, reporters and editors face criminal prosecution, censorship, self-censorship, exile, tax audits, loss of broadcast and publication licenses, loss of jobs, assault, and even assassination based on how they practice their profession. Press rights and human rights advocacy groups try to draw media and official attention to those…
Freedman, Eric
Laser cutting of pressed explosives: Revision 1.
We have used a femtosecond laser beam to make cuts through small pressed pellets of six common explosives. The laser system, which produces 100 fs pulses of 820 nm light at a repitition rate of 1 kHz, was intitially developed for cutting metal. The advant...
F. Roeske R. E. Banks J. P. Armstrong M. D. Feit R. S. Lee
Fair Trials and Free Press. Student Forum.
Outlines a role play that highlights the potential conflict between freedom of the press and the rights of defendants and victims. Students assume the roles of representative characters (police chief, newspaper editor) in a small town where a sensational murder has occurred. They also conduct a class discussion. (MJP)
Mertz, Gayle
Communications in Agriculture: The American Farm Press.
This book studies communications in agriculture, focusing on the American farm press. As defined here, a commercial farm periodical is directed to farmers and supports itself through the sale of subscriptions or advertising. It includes local as well as regional and national periodicals. A 90-year analysis, from 1880 to 1970, was chosen because…
Evans, James F.; Salcedo, Rodolfo N.
Brownsville: The Reaction of the Negro Press
Describes the events that followed subsequent to the assignment of an all-black regimental unit to the Fort Brown military installation on the outskirts of Brownsville, Texas, in 1906, with reference to the reactions of the Brownsville residents, the Negro press, and white champions of the black cause, and to the actions of President Theodore…
Wynne, Lewis N.
The Press and the Bolivian National Revolution.
Social revolutions, which frequently use the press as a propaganda weapon, have been rare in Latin America despite the striking social inequalities of the region. Only three classic socioeconomic revolutions have unfolded in the hemisphere--in Mexico in 1910, in Bolivia in 1952, and in Cuba in 1959. Bolivia attempted to effect radical reforms…
Knudson, Jerry W.
Joining Refractory Metal Compounds by Hot Pressing.
A study was made to determine the feasibility of joining refractory metal compounds to each other and to oxide ceramics by a vacuum hot press-diffusion bonding method. Very satisfactory joins were made of ZrC to ZrB2, ZrN to ZrB2, ZrC to ZrN, and of ZrC, ...
J. E. Kelley D. H. Sumner H. J. Kelly
Development of a Durable Press Summer Uniform.
The report describes the development of a suitable candidate durable press fabric for the summer Army uniform. Many commercial fabrics were examined and analyzed before the selection of a prototype fabric was made. The preferred candidate is a 7.0 oz/sq y...
A. M. Campbell C. J. Pope E. B. Frederick F. A. Hoffman R. D. Wells
Reflection properties of pressed polytetrafluoroethylene powder
The reflection properties of pressed polytetrafluoroethylene powder have been under investigation by the Radio- metric Physics Division at the National Bureau of Standards for the past five years. This material has a great po- tential use, both as a standard of diffuse reflectance and as a coating for integrating spheres for applications in re- flectance spectrophotometry and other signal-averaging devices.
Victor R. Weidner; Jack J. Hsia
Freedom of the Press: Foundations and Attitudes.
This study reports the results of a national survey of the attitudes of five demographic groups toward freedom of the press. The groups are newsmen, state legislators, high school teachers, high school students, and the general public. The survey is broken into two parts, the first dealing with general principles (e.g., support for a law against…
Gibson, Martin Leroy, Jr.
Issues in Ecology, Issue 14 Press Release
This November 2011 press release can be used as an accessible reading assignment to accompany and introduce a discussion of the ecological concepts included in issue #14 of ESA's Issues in Ecology series, "Using air pollution thresholds to protect and restore ecosystem health."
Lester, Liza
Mutual Suspicion: Higher Education and the Press.
Neither the typical academic nor the average journalist understands well what the other does. There has been a major shift in the way the American press treats education, and education leaders and scholars must learn to deal with the media differently. This requires openness, responsiveness, and competence in the college public affairs office.…
Footlick, Jerrold
Does Science Get the Press It Deserves?
Discusses concerns about public understanding of science in the United Kingdom in relation to structure and content of newspapers, particularly the inadequacy of the press to be a vehicle for promoting scientific literacy within the citizenry. Argues that changes in science coverage by the media must originate from the scientific community with…
Wilkie, Tom
The Moral Universes of Libertarian Press Theory.
Uses Kantian logic to analyze the statement of Libertarian press theory "Truth beats falsehood in a free marketplace of ideas" as a definition, an observation, and a universal truth. Notes three corresponding moral universes, with differing ethical obligations. Discusses strengths and weaknesses of each. Cautions media ethics analysts against…
Wuliger, Gregory T.
Enery Efficient Press and Sinter of Titanium Powder for Low-Cost Components in Vehicle Applications
This is the final technical report for the Department of Energy NETL project NT01931 Energy Efficient Press and Sinter of Titanium Powder for Low-Cost Components in Vehicle Applications. Titanium has been identified as one of the key materials with the required strength that can reduce the weight of automotive components and thereby reduce fuel consumption. Working with newly developed sources of titanium powder, Webster-Hoff will develop the processing technology to manufacture low cost vehicle components using the single press/single sinter techniques developed for iron based powder metallurgy today. Working with an automotive or truck manufacturer, Webster-Hoff will demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing a press and sinter titanium component for a vehicle application. The project objective is two-fold, to develop the technology for manufacturing press and sinter titanium components, and to demonstrate the feasibility of producing a titanium component for a vehicle application. The lowest cost method for converting metal powder into a net shape part is the Powder Metallurgy Press and Sinter Process. The method involves compaction of the metal powder in a tool (usually a die and punches, upper and lower) at a high pressure (up to 60 TSI or 827 MPa) to form a green compact with the net shape of the final component. The powder in the green compact is held together by the compression bonds between the powder particles. The sinter process then converts the green compact to a metallurgically bonded net shape part through the process of solid state diffusion. The goal of this project is to expand the understanding and application of press and sinter technology to Titanium Powder applications, developing techniques to manufacture net shape Titanium components via the press and sinter process. In addition, working with a vehicle manufacturer, demonstrate the feasibility of producing a titanium component for a vehicle. This is not a research program, but rather a project to develop a process for press and sinter of net shape Titanium components. All of these project objectives have been successfully completed.
Thomas Zwitter; Phillip Nash; Xiaoyan Xu; Chadwick Johnson
Activity-Based Costing in the After Press Services Industry
This research was conducted to apply activity-based costing (ABC) in an after press service company in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The company produces all of its products by one-stop service (such as coating, stitching, binding, die cutting, and gluing). All products are made to order, and have different sizes and patterns. A strategy of low price is used to compete in the marketplace. After cost analysis, the study found that the company has high overhead (36.5% of total cost). The company's problem is its use of traditional cost accounting, which has low accuracy in assigning overhead costs. If management uses this information when pricing customer orders, losses may occur because real production costs may be higher than the selling price. Therefore, the application of ABC in cost analysis can help executives receive accurate cost information; establish a sound pricing strategy; and improve the manufacturing process by determining work activities which have excessively high production costs. According to this research, 6 out of 56 items had a production cost higher than the selling price, leading to losses of 123,923 baht per year. Methods used to solve this problem were: reducing production costs; establishing suitable prices; and creating a sales promotion with lower prices for customers whose orders include processes involving unused capacity. These actions will increase overall sales of the company, and allow more efficient use of its machinery.
Shevasuthisilp, Suntichai; Punsathitwong, Kosum
Die normativen Grundlagen deutscher Außenpolitik
\\u000a Das Radiointerview, das Ende Mai 2010 bundesweit gesendet wurde, schlug in kürzester Zeit hohe Wellen. Der Aufschrei, der\\u000a folgte, war nicht nur ungewöhnlich, da die mediale Reichweite des Deutschlandradios für gewöhnlich gering ist. Die Ausführungen\\u000a zur Außenpolitik stammten überraschenderweise auch nicht aus dem Munde einer jener Personen, von denen man eine solche Kurskorrektur\\u000a erwartet hätte. Weder Außenminister Guido Westerwelle noch
David Bosold; Christian Achrainer
Die pharmakologische Gehaltsbestimmung von Strophanthinlösungen
Zusammenfassung 1.Es wurde ein Verfahren ausgearbeitet zur pharmakologischen Gehaltsbestimmung von Strophanthinlösungen am isolierten Herzen von Temporarien.2.Das Verfahren am isolierten Herzen wurde durch Versuche mit Injektion von Strophanthinlösungen am ganzen Frosch auf seine Exaktheit nachgeprüft.3.Temporarienherzen sind empfindlicher gegen Strophanthin als die von Eskulenten und können zur pharmakologischen Bestimmung besser verwendet werden. Zu dem Verfahren können auch weibliche Tiere benutzt und die
Hans Fasching
Predicting the Performance of Belt Filter Presses Using the Crown Press for Laboratory Simulation.
Belt filter presses (BFPs) are among the most commonly used devices to dewater wastewater sludge. The concept used by a BFP to achieve dewatered cake solids is relatively simple; however, replicating this performance in the laboratory in order to predict ...
T. M. Graham
Simulation of the Flow During Stamping: Characteristics and Application of Modeling Clay Used for Simulation of Material Flow in a Forge Simulation des Ecoulements en Estampage.
Information is given on the design of experiments where material flow during a stamping process is simulated. The choice of modeling clay is discussed, relating to seven different types. Rheological tests in order to characterize the modeling clays are de...
S. Jacomet H. J. Braudel J. L. Chenot S. Antipolis
Monolithically integrated, flexible display of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal driven by rubber-stamped organic thin-film transistors
This letter describes the monolithic integration of rubber-stamped thin-film organic transistors with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) to create a multipixel, flexible display with plastic substrates. We report the electro-optic switching behavior of the PDLCs as driven by the organic transistors, and we show that our displays operate robustly under flexing and have a contrast comparable to that of newsprint.
P. Mach; S. J. Rodriguez; R. Nortrup; P. Wiltzius; J. A. Rogers
This letter describes the monolithic integration of rubber-stamped thin-film organic transistors with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) to create a multipixel, flexible display with plastic substrates. We report the electro-optic switching behavior of the PDLCs as driven by the organic transistors, and we show that our displays operate robustly under flexing and have a contrast comparable to that of newsprint. {copyright} 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Mach, P.; Rodriguez, S. J.; Nortrup, R.; Wiltzius, P.; Rogers, J. A.
9. INTERIOR VIEW OF EYE PRESS AREA; TO LEFT IS A TWO-BAY SLOTTED TYPE FURNACE, TO CENTER IS EYE PRESS, TO RIGHT IS CURCULAR SAW - Warwood Tool Company, Foot of Nineteenth Street, Wheeling, Ohio County, WV
Glass Coats For Hot Isostatic Pressing
Surface voids sealed from pressurizing gas. Coating technique enables healing of surface defects by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Internal pores readily closed by HIP, but surface voids like cracks and pores in contact with pressurizing gas not healed. Applied to casting or weldment as thick slurry of two glass powders: one melts at temperature slightly lower than used for HIP, and another melts at higher temperature. For example, powder is glass of 75 percent SiO2 and 25 percent Na2O, while other powder SiO2. Liquid component of slurry fugitive organic binder; for example, mixture of cellulose acetate and acetone. Easy to apply, separates voids from surrounding gas, would not react with metal part under treatment, and easy to remove after pressing.
Ecer, Gunes M.
Reducing VOC Press Emission from OSB Manufacturing
Current regulations require industry to meet air emission standards with regard to particulates, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and other gases. One of many industries that will be affected by the new regulations is the wood composites industry. This industry generates VOCs, HAPs, and particulates mainly during the drying and pressing of wood. Current air treatment technologies for the industry are expensive to install and operate. As regulations become more stringent, treatment technologies will need to become more efficient and cost effective. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the use of process conditions and chemical additives to reduce VOC/HAPs in air emitted from presses and dryers during the production of oriented strand board.
Dr. Gary D. McGinnis; Laura S. WIlliams; Amy E. Monte; Jagdish Rughani: Brett A. Niemi; Thomas M. Flicker
Prototyping of masks, masters, and stamps/molds for soft lithography using an office printer and photographic reduction
This paper describes a practical method for the fabrication of photomasks, masters, and stamps/molds used in soft lithography that minimizes the need for specialized equipment. In this method, CAD files are first printed onto paper using an office printer with resolution of 600 dots/in. Photographic reduction of these printed patterns transfers the images onto 35-mm film or microfiche. These photographic films can be used, after development, as photomasks in 1:1 contact photolithography. With the resulting photoresist masters, it is straightforward to fabricate poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamps/molds for soft lithography. This process can generate microstructures as small as 15 microm; the overall time to go from CAD file to PDMS stamp is 4-24 h. Although access to equipment-spin coater and ultraviolet exposure tool-normally found in the clean room is still required, the cost of the photomask itself is small, and the time required to go from concept to device is short. A comparison between this method and all other methods that generate film-type photomasks has been performed using test patterns of lines, squares, and circles. Three microstructures have also been fabricated to demonstrate the utility of this method in practical applications. PMID:10939384
Deng; Wu; Brittain; Whitesides
Investigation of the Phase Formation of AlSi-Coatings for Hot Stamping of Boron Alloyed Steel
Hot stamping of boron alloyed steel is gaining more and more importance for the production of high strength automotive body parts. Within hot stamping of quenchenable steels the blank is heated up to austenitization temperature, transferred to the tool, formed rapidly and quenched in the cooled tool. To avoid scale formation during the heating process of the blank, the sheet metal can be coated with an aluminium-silicum alloy. The meltimg temperature of this coating is below the austenitization temperature of the base material. This means, that a diffusion process between base material and coating has to take place during heating, leading to a higher melting temperature of the coating.In conventional heating devices, like roller hearth furnaces, the diffusion process is reached by relatively low heating rates. New technologies, like induction heating, reach very high heating rates and offer great potentials for the application in hot stamping. Till now it is not proofed, that this technology can be used with aluminum-silicon coated materials. This paper will present the results of comparative heating tests with a conventional furnace and an induction heating device. For different time/temperature-conditions the phase formation within the coating will be described.
Veit, R.; Kolleck, R. [Graz University of Technology, Institute Tools and Forming, Inffeldgasse 11, 8010 Graz (Austria); Hofmann, H.; Sikora, S. [ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG, Eberhardstrasse 12, 44145 Dortmund (Germany)
Hot stamping of boron alloyed steel is gaining more and more importance for the production of high strength automotive body parts. Within hot stamping of quenchenable steels the blank is heated up to austenitization temperature, transferred to the tool, formed rapidly and quenched in the cooled tool. To avoid scale formation during the heating process of the blank, the sheet metal can be coated with an aluminium-silicum alloy. The meltimg temperature of this coating is below the austenitization temperature of the base material. This means, that a diffusion process between base material and coating has to take place during heating, leading to a higher melting temperature of the coating. In conventional heating devices, like roller hearth furnaces, the diffusion process is reached by relatively low heating rates. New technologies, like induction heating, reach very high heating rates and offer great potentials for the application in hot stamping. Till now it is not proofed, that this technology can be used with aluminum-silicon coated materials. This paper will present the results of comparative heating tests with a conventional furnace and an induction heating device. For different time/temperature-conditions the phase formation within the coating will be described.
Veit, R.; Hofmann, H.; Kolleck, R.; Sikora, S.
Exploratory study on H13 steel dies.
Ultrahigh-strength H13 steel is a recommended die material for aluminum die casting; dies made from H13 steel can be safely water- cooled during hot working operations without cracking. However, after time the dies exhibited surface cracking and excessive...
A. J. Sunwoo
Die gerontologischen Beziehungen in der gerichtlichen Medizin
Zusammenfassung Auf Grund unserer Ausführungen können die gerontologischen Beziehungen der gerichtlichen Medizin in den folgenden Punkten zusammengefaßt werden:1.Zur Altersbestimmung eignen sich die Veränderungen der äußeren Weichteile des Kopfes, aber sie lassen nur ganz grobe Schätzungen zu. Einen etwas zuverlässigeren Stützpunkt bietet die Synostose gewisser Suturen auf der Innenfläche des Schädeldaches, da es im Senium erfolgt. Ziemlich verläßlich sind die an
D. Schranz
Graphic Arts: The Press and Finishing Processes. Third Edition.
This document contains teacher and student materials for a course in graphic arts concentrating on printing presses and the finishing process for publications. Seven units of instruction cover the following topics: (1) offset press systems; (2) offset inks and dampening chemistry; (3) offset press operating procedures; (4) preventive maintenance…
Crummett, Dan
SUMMARY Three lactation trials and two digestion trials were performed comparing mechanically pressed ensiled alfalfa with similar material which was field-wilted before ensiling. Pressed alfalfa contained significantly (P<.05) less dry matter, crude protein, and ash; and more cell wall constituents than the wilted forage, and these trends were transposed into their resulting silages. The pressed silage con- tained a greater
J. R. Russell; J. P. Hurst; N. A. Jorgensen; G. P. Barrington
The large water content of brown coal can be reduced by press dewatering with much lower energy requirement than by alternative methods. The cost of the press need.ed increases with the required pressing pressure, which is det e rmfned by the coal properties. The results of experiments on Victorian brown coals are interpreted with supporting theory to give these properties,
P. J. Banks; D. R Burton
Method for Fabricating Composite Structures Including Continuous Press Forming and Pultrusion Processing
A method for fabricating composite structures at a low-cost, moderate-to-high production rate is disclosed. A first embodiment of the method includes employing a continuous press forming fabrication process. A second embodiment of the method includes employing a pultrusion process for obtaining composite structures. The methods include coating yarns with matrix material, weaving the yarn into fabric to produce a continuous fabric supply, and feeding multiple layers of net-shaped fabrics having optimally oriented fibers into a debulking tool to form an undebulked preform. The continuous press forming fabrication process includes partially debulking the preform, cutting the partially debulked preform, and debulking the partially debulked preform to form a netshape. An electron-beam or similar technique then cures the structure. The pultrusion fabric process includes feeding the undebulked preform into a heated die and gradually debulking the undebulked preform. The undebulked preform in the heated die changes dimension until a desired cross-sectional dimension is achieved. This process further includes obtaining a net-shaped infiltrated uncured preform, cutting the uncured preform to a desired length, and electron-beam curing (or similar technique) the uncured preform. These fabrication methods produce superior structures formed at higher production rates, resulting in lower cost and high structural performance.
Farley, Gary L. (inventor)
Stamped microbattery electrodes based on self-assembled M13 viruses.
The fabrication and spatial positioning of electrodes are becoming central issues in battery technology because of emerging needs for small scale power sources, including those embedded in flexible substrates and textiles. More generally, novel electrode positioning methods could enable the use of nanostructured electrodes and multidimensional architectures in new battery designs having improved electrochemical performance. Here, we demonstrate the synergistic use of biological and nonbiological assembly methods for fabricating and positioning small battery components that may enable high performance microbatteries with complex architectures. A self-assembled layer of virus-templated cobalt oxide nanowires serving as the active anode material in the battery anode was formed on top of microscale islands of polyelectrolyte multilayers serving as the battery electrolyte, and this assembly was stamped onto platinum microband current collectors. The resulting electrode arrays exhibit full electrochemical functionality. This versatile approach for fabricating and positioning electrodes may provide greater flexibility for implementing advanced battery designs such as those with interdigitated microelectrodes or 3D architectures. PMID:18753629
Nam, Ki Tae; Wartena, Ryan; Yoo, Pil J; Liau, Forrest W; Lee, Yun Jung; Chiang, Yet-Ming; Hammond, Paula T; Belcher, Angela M
Understanding the geography of food stamp program participation: Do space and place matter?
This study examines the extent to which geographic variation in Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation is explained by place-based factors, with special attention to the case of the three poorest regions of the United States: Central Appalachia, the Texas Borderland, and the Lower Mississippi Delta. We use descriptive statistics and regression models to assess the prevalence and correlates of county-level FSP participation circa 2005. Our findings show that the economic distress that has long characterized Appalachia, the Borderland, and the Delta clearly translates into greater reliance on the FSP relative to other areas of the country. State-level effects and local-level variations in poverty, labor market conditions, population structure, human capital, and residential context explain much of this reality. Yet, even after taking all of these factors into account, these regional geographies remain home to particularly high FSP participation. Our findings underscore the importance of considering these regions as key cases of study in the stratification of American society and hold a variety of implications for public policy. PMID:23017750
Slack, Tim; Myers, Candice A
Friction Stir Spot Welding of DP780 and Hot-Stamp Boron Steels
Friction stir spot welds were made in two high-strength steels: DP780, and a hot-stamp-boron steel with tensile strength of 1500 MPa. The spot welds were made at either 800 or 1600 rpm using either of two polycrystalline boron nitride tools. One stir tool, BN77, had the relatively common pin-tool shape. The second tool, BN46, had a convex rather than a concave shoulder profile and a much wider and shorter pin. The tools were plunged to preprogrammed depths either at a continuous rate (1-step schedule) or in two segments consisting of a relatively high rate followed by a slower rate. In all cases, the welds were completed in 4s. The range of lap-shear values were compared to values required for resistance spot welds on the same steels. The minimum value of 10.3 kN was exceeded for friction stir spot welding of DP780 using a 2-step schedule and either the BN77- or the BN46-type stir tool. The respective minimum value of 12 kN was also exceeded for the HSB steel using the 2-step process and the BN46 stir tool.
Santella, Michael L [ORNL; Frederick, David Alan [ORNL; Hovanski, Yuri [ORNL; Grant, Glenn J [ORNL
Santella, Michael L.; Frederick, Alan; Hovanski, Yuri; Grant, Glenn J.
Die erosion and its effect on soldering formation in high pressure die casting of aluminium alloys
Erosion of the die material during die filling has long been regarded as a possible damage mechanism of dies in high pressure die casting (HPDC) of aluminium alloys. Melt impingement and erosion have also been proposed to be an important step leading to die soldering. However, there is little information in the literature on the direct measurement of any kind
Z. W Chen; M. Z Jahedi
Effect of hot pressing additives on the leachability of hot pressed sodium hydrous titanium oxide
Sodium hydrous titanium oxide is an ion exchange resin which can be used for immobilizing medium level waste (MLW) liquors. When hot pressed, it undergoes conversion to a ceramic. Three low melting point materials (borax, bismuth trioxide, and a mixture of PbO/CuO) were added to the (Na)HTiO and the effect that each of these had on aiding densification was assessed. Hot pressing temperature, applied pressure, and percentage addition of hot pressing aid were varied. Percentage open porosity, flexural strength, and leachability were measured. There was a linear relationship between the percentage open porosity and the logarithm of the leach rate for a constant percentage addition of each additive.
Valentine, T.M.; Sambell, R.A.J.
Benchmarking aluminium die casting operations
Increasing demand in world automotive markets for aluminium die cast components is creating significant opportunities and challenges for the Australian industry, which is positioning itself as a global player. To meet these challenges, the industry is continuously seeking to improve its overall resource efficiency that can result in the reduction of cost and impact on green house gas (GHG) emissions.
A. Tharumarajah
Metrics for Tool & Die Making.
Designed to meet the job-related metric measurement needs of tool and die making students, this instructional package is one of eight for the manufacturing occupations cluster, part of a set of 55 packages for metric instruction in different occupations. The package is intended for students who already know the occupational terminology,…
Die hypopeltaten Brakteen von Peperomia
Zusammenfassung Die Ontogenese der schildförmigen Brakteen vonPeperomia zeigt eindeutig, daß der Aufbau der Schildfläche durch das Wachstum normaler Blattränder allein durchgeführt wird, also in der gleichen Weise wie bei den epipeltaten Schildblättern. Nur besteht gegenüber diesen der Unterschied, daß der Zusammenschluß der Spreitenränder dorsal über der Ansatzstelle des Blattstieles vorsichgeht. Der Blattstiel zeigt sich von Anfang an als unifazial, und
Walter Leinfellner
Robert Merton Dies at 92
This article features Robert Merton, who died recently at age 92. Merton came into this world as a Jewish baby named Meyer Schkolnick. He lived in South Philly where his parents wrenched a living as blue-collar workers. Merton chose an Anglicized name to move into the Yankee dominated America of the 20's and 30's. At Harvard, he studied under…
Snell, Joel C.
Yttrium. alpha. -sialon ceramics by hot isostatic pressing and post-hot isostatic pressing
This paper reports on dense α-sialon materials that were produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and post-hot isostatic pressing (post-HIP) using composition with the formula Yâ(Si{sub 12-4.5x}), Al{sub 4.5x}-O{sub 1.5x},N{sub 16-1.5x} with 0.1 ⤠x ⤠0.9 and with the same compositions with extra additions of yttria and aluminum nitride. X-ray diffraction analyses show how the phase content changes from
Alena Bartek; T. Johansson; T. Ekstrom; H. Herbertsson
STS-114: Discovery Post MMT Press Conference
This press conference focuses on the outcome of the Mission Management Team (MMT) meeting. The launch and status of the Space Shuttle Discovery is discussed. George Diller from NASA Public Affairs introduces the panel which consists of: Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Program Deputy Manager and Mike Wetmore, Director of Space Shuttle Processing at Nasa Kennedy Space Center. The news media asks questions about the history of the low level sensors in the hydrogen tank, the cryogenic atmosphere around the sensors, troubleshooting, astronaut activities, possible rollback procedures.
A micro-mechanical evaluation of the effects of die hardener on die stone.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of a die hardener penetrated layer and evaluate its protective effects on the surface of die stone. A commercial die hardener (PDQ die hardener, Whipmix corp., USA) was tested on a die stone (GC Fujirock EP die stone, GC Europe, Belgium) and a dental plaster (Dental Stone, United States Gypsum Company, USA). Nanoindentation and micro-scratch tests were performed on both coated and uncoated specimens. The scratch damage was observed by SEM and the penetration depth of die hardener was detected by the affiliated EDX. Upon drying, the die hardener penetrated into the die stone to a depth of 3-5 microm, and deposited a thin film on the surface of die stone. Although the die hardener penetrated layer did not show improved mechanical properties, the die hardener film on the surface did protect the specimens from abrasion damage. PMID:20657152
He, Li-Hong; van Vuuren, Ludwig Jansen; Planitz, Nina; Swain, Michael V
Die Wirkung von Adrenalin auf die Aktivität der Nierennerven beim Frosch
An Fröschen in Hydroxydion-Narkose wurde die Wirkung von intraarteriellen Adrenalininjektionen auf die Nierennerven untersucht. Die Versuche ergaben im einzelnen:1.Adrenalin hemmt die Aktivität der Nierennerven. Dauer und Ausmaß der Hemmung ist dosisabhängig. Die Schwellendosis liegt in der Größenordnung von 0,01 µg pro Versuchstier, entsprechend etwa 0,25 µg\\/kg.2.Die Hemmung der Nierennerven nach Adrenalin beruht erstens auf einer Erregung sensibler Endorgane im Gebiet
Eberhard Dieter
Exploratory study on H13 steel dies
Ultrahigh-strength H13 steel is a recommended die material for aluminum die casting; dies made from H13 steel can be safely water- cooled during hot working operations without cracking. However, after time the dies exhibited surface cracking and excessive wear. Erosive wear also occurs owing to high pressure injection of molten Al. An exploratory study was made of the causes for surface cracking of H13 dies. Results suggest that surface cracking is caused by interrelated factors, internal to the die material as well as externally induced conditions.
Sunwoo, A.J.
Associations of Food Stamp Participation With Dietary Quality and Obesity in Children
OBJECTIVE: To determine if obesity and dietary quality in low-income children differed by participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly the Food Stamp Program. METHODS: The study population included 5193 children aged 4 to 19 with household incomes ?130% of the federal poverty level from the 1999–2008 NHANES. Diet was measured by using 24-hour recalls. RESULTS: Among low-income US children, 28% resided in households currently receiving SNAP benefits. After adjusting for sociodemographic differences, SNAP participation was not associated with a higher rate of childhood obesity (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–1.74). Both SNAP participants and low-income nonparticipants were below national recommendations for whole grains, fruits, vegetables, fish, and potassium, while exceeding recommended limits for processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, saturated fat, and sodium. Zero percent of low-income children met at least 7 of 10 dietary recommendations. After multivariate adjustment, compared with nonparticipants, SNAP participants consumed 43% more sugar-sweetened beverages (95% CI: 8%–89%), 47% more high-fat dairy (95% CI: 7%, 101%), and 44% more processed meats (95% CI: 9%–91%), but 19% fewer nuts, seeds, and legumes (95% CI: –35% to 0%). In part due to these differences, intakes of calcium, iron, and folate were significantly higher among SNAP participants. Significant differences by SNAP participation were not evident in total energy, macronutrients, Healthy Eating Index 2005 scores, or Alternate Healthy Eating Index scores. CONCLUSIONS: The diets of low-income children are far from meeting national dietary recommendations. Policy changes should be considered to restructure SNAP to improve children's health.
Leung, Cindy W.; Hoffnagle, Elena E.; Jensen, Helen H.; Foerster, Susan B.; Nestle, Marion; Cheung, Lilian W.Y.; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Willett, Walter C.
Dynamics of mat consolidation during pressing: what we've learned with our in-press radiation system for pressing wood composites
We have designed a radiation-based system for density measurement of wood composites during pressing. During pressing, heat and mass transfer, consolidation speed and mat characteristics interact to produce a density distribution in the mat that is typified by high surface density and low core density. Measuring density of the wood mat during consolidation is a key parameter for understanding subsequent
Paul M. Winistorfer; William W. Moschler
The thermal fatigue resistance of H-13 Die Steel for aluminum die casting dies
The effects of welding, five selected surface coatings, and stress relieving on the thermal fatigue resistance of H-13 Die Steel for aluminum die casting dies were studied using eleven thermal fatigue specimens. Stress relieving was conducted after each 5,000 cycle interval at 1050 F for three hours. Four thermal fatigue specimens were welded with H-13 or maraging steel welding rods at ambient and elevated temperatures and subsequently, subjected to different post-weld heat treatments. Crack patterns were examined at 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 cycles. The thermal fatigue resistance is expressed by two crack parameters which are the average maximum crack and the average cracked area. The results indicate that a significant improvement in thermal fatigue resistance over the control was obtained from the stress-relieving treatment. Small improvements were obtained from the H-13 welded specimens and from a salt bath nitrogen and carbon-surface treatment. The other surface treatments and welded specimens either did not affect or had a detrimental influence on the thermal fatigue properties of the H-13 die steel.
Actes illocutoires et discours de la presse ecrite (Illocutionary Acts and the Press).
This study investigates the applicability of the speech act theory to written discourse, specifically that of the press. A survey of Searle's taxonomy leads to the suggestion that the constituent statements of most newspaper articles belong to the class of illocutionary acts he calls "representatives." In consideration of the basic characteristic…
Duda, Richard
Die vertaling van teenwoordige deelwoorde in twee Nederlandse kindertekste wat in Afrikaans vertaal is, is nagegaan. Deur die teenwoordige deelwoorde en hulle vertalings te tel, te klassifiseer en te analiseer, is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die frekwensie van teenwoordige deelwoorde beduidena laer is in die Afrikaanse tekste as in die Nederlandse. Dil dui op 'n vertaalprobleem. Die oplossings wat
M. E. Nelson; D. P. Wissing
Über die Bedeutung der Milchsäuredehydrogenase-und Transaminasenbestimmung im Kindesalter
Die Normalwerte der MDH liegen auch im Kindesalter zwischen 1–7 E, die der SGOT und der SGPT zwischen 10 und 40 E. Findet man Fermentaktivitäten zwischen 40 und 50 E, so handelt es sich um Grenzwerte, die einer Wiederholung bedürfen. Für die Neugeborenen- und Säuglingsperiode gelten im Prinzip die gleichen Normalwerte. Die MDH und die SGOT liegen allerdings an der
R. Grüttner; K. Löden; H. Storm
Messsysteme für die Bildgebung mit Röntgenstrahlung
Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die heute verwendeten Detektorsysteme zur Erzeugung von Röntgenbildern in der Projektionsradiografie folgt die ausführliche Darstellung der klassischen Kombination von Röntgenfilm und Verstärkungsfolien. Der nächste Abschnitt befasst sich mit den Ausführungen zu Bildverstärkern, den Speicherfolien und den anderen digitalen Festkörperdetektoren. Der Dosisbedarf eines bildgebenden Systems kann bei Film-Folien- Kombinationen durch die Angabe von Empfindlichkeitsklassen definiert werden, bei den digitalen Detektoren geschieht dies mit Hilfe der Dosisindikatoren (Exposure Indicator EI, Abweichungsindikator DI). Im zweiten großen Abschnitt dieses Kapitels werden die Grundlagen der Computertomografie erläutert. Dazu werden zunächst die CT-Gerätegenerationen und die CT-Detektoren besprochen. Nach einer Erläuterung der Rechenverfahren zur Bilderzeugung folgt die Definition der Hounsfield-Einheiten. Den Abschluss bildet eine ausführliche Darstellung der Bildartefakte bei der Computertomografie.
Krieger, Hanno
[Dying with living donor transplantation].
A female patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis developed a cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor) at the age of 42 years. It was successfully resected by hemihepatectomy and hepaticojejunostomy. In the next 15 years she had recurrent episodes of bacterial cholangitis and had to be hospitalized several times a year for intravenous antibiotics. At the same time the sclerosing cholangitis progressed and she developed liver cirrhosis. The patient, who was never willing to give up, underwent liver transplantation by receiving the left liver lobe of her daughter (living donor). Postoperatively she suffered from severe complications including a biliary leak, sepsis, intraabdominal abscesses and cachexia. Soon after she was dismissed by the transplantation center, she was admitted to our hospital in a very poor condition. She refused any further intensive care and died, with the well functioning donated left liver lobe of the daughter dying with her. PMID:23188779
Reinhart, W
Design and implementation of a nanosecond time-stamping readout system-on-chip for photo-detectors
A readout system suitable for a large number of synchronized photo-detection units has been designed. Each unit embeds a specifically designed fully integrated communicating system based on Xilinx FPGA SoC technology. It runs the VxWorks real-time OS and a custom data acquisition software designed within the Ice middleware framework, resulting in a highly flexible, controllable and scalable distributed application. Clock distribution and delay calibration over customized fixed latency gigabit Ethernet links enable synchronous time-stamping of events with nanosecond precision. The implementation of this readout system on several data-collecting units as well as its performances are described.
Anvar, Shebli; Château, Frédéric; Le Provost, Hervé; Louis, Frédéric; Manolopoulos, Konstantinos; Moudden, Yassir; Vallage, Bertrand; Zonca, Eric
Serial and parallel Si, Ge, and SiGe direct-write with scanning probes and conducting stamps
Precise materials integration in nanostructures is fundamental for future electronic and photonic devices. We demonstrate Si, Ge, and SiGe nanostructure direct-write with deterministic size, geometry, and placement control. The biased probe of an atomic force microscope (AFM) reacts diphenylsilane or diphenylgermane to direct-write carbon-free Si, Ge, and SiGe nano and heterostructures. Parallel directwrite is available on large areas by substituting the AFM probe with conducting microstructured stamps. This facile strategy can be easily expanded to a broad variety of semiconductor materials through precursor selection.
Vasko, Stephanie E.; Kapetanovic, Adnan; Talla, Vamsi; Brasino, Michael D.; Zhu, Zihua; Scholl, Andreas; Torrey, Jessica D.; Rolandi, Marco
Note: Adhesive stamp electrodes using spider silk masks for electronic transport measurements of supra-micron sized samples
A procedure for fabricating adhesive stamp electrodes based on gold coated adhesive tape used to measure electronic transport properties of supra-micron samples in the lateral range 10-100 ?m and thickness >1 ?m is described. The electrodes can be patterned with a ~4 ?m separation by metal deposition through a mask using Nephila clavipes spider dragline silk fibers. Ohmic contact is made by adhesive lamination of a sample onto the patterned electrodes. The performance of the electrodes with temperature and magnetic field is demonstrated for the quasi-one-dimensional organic conductor (TMTSF)2PF6 and single crystal graphite, respectively.
Steven, E.; Jobiliong, E.; Eugenio, P. M.; Brooks, J. S.
Letting die and mercy killing.
We are all called to make moral decisions, not only about preserving life and health, but also about accepting our death and dying. There are situations, when it is morally right, and indeed obligatory, to allow a dying person to die in peace and dignity. But there is a world of difference between allowing a peaceful death, and deliberately setting out to bring death of the person either by acts of commission (s.c. 'active euthanasia'), or by acts of omission (s.c. 'passive euthanasia'). The word "killing" seems proper for euthanasia, because "to kill" does mean " to intentionally cause the death of someone." It can be morally acceptable to withhold or withdraw a treatment precisely because it is reasonably judged as inefficacious (futile), or excessively burdensome for the patient. One's reason for withholding such treatment must not be a judgement about the desirability of putting an end to the patient's life, but a judgement about the desirability of putting an end to the treatment, which is futile or burdensome. PMID:16294443
Narbekovas, Andrius; Meilius, Kazimieras
Über die horizontale Diffusion im Meere
Zusammenfassung Es wird die Diffusion einer anfänglich in einem Punkt konzentrierten Substanz in Gebieten mit mittleren Radien von 10 bis 1500 km untersucht. Die Konzentrations wird dabei als Funktion der Zeitt und der von den Linien konstanter Konzentration einer diffundierenden Substanz eingeschlossenen Flächen dargestellt. Diese Funktion ist unabhängig von einem Koordinatensystem und kann statistisch untersucht werden. Die beiden Postulate einer
J. Joseph; H. Sendner
Evaluating the Quality of Dying and Death
We propose a model for evaluating the quality of dying and death based on concepts elicited from literature review, qualitative interviews with persons with and without chronic and terminal conditions, and consideration of desirable measurement properties. We define quality of dying and death as the degree to which a person's preferences for dying and the moment of death agree with
Donald L Patrick; Ruth A Engelberg; J. Randall Curtis
Die Tbc.-Serologie in der Kinderheilkunde
Die Aktivitätsdiagnose der kindlichen Tuberkulose stößt oft auf Schwierigkeiten. Deshalb versuchten wir, mit Hilfe eines neuen Tbc.-Antigens den Antikörpernachweis im Blutserum dafür zu verwerten. Die bisherigen Vorstellungen über die Serumantikörper sind u. E. revisionsbedürftig, da sie zu falschen Schlußfolgerungen führen.
Werner Herrmann; Albert Massenberg
Physiknobelei Die Welt in DIN A4
Der Mensch ist in seinem Vorstellungsvermögen weitgehend auf die sichtbare und erlebbare Umwelt beschränkt. Die Skalen der atomaren Welt sind uns ebenso verschlossen wie die Weiten des Universums. Ein einfaches (Gedanken-)Experiment erschließt den gesamten Größenbereich jedoch auf erstaunliche Weise.
Bührke, Thomas
Physikgeschichte Die Anfänge des Physik-Nobelpreises
Durch Absorption von zwei Laserstrahlen mit unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen können in Halbleitern makroskopische Ströme erzeugt werden. Die Ausbreitungsrichtung der Elektronen und insbesondere die Ausrichtung ihrer Spins lassen sich über die relative Phase der beiden Laserfelder kohärent kontrollieren, wie kürzlich zwei Gruppen an den Universitäten von Marburg und Iowa demonstrierten [1, 2]. Genutzt wird bei diesem Experiment der Effekt der Quanteninterferenz zur Erzeugung von elektrischen Spinströmen.
Jacobi, Manfred
30. BUILDING NO. 527, DEHYDRATING PRESSES, LOOKING SOUTH. ALUMINUM NARROW-GUAGE GONDOLA CAR IN LEFT BACKGROUND BROUGHT MOISTENED GUN COTTON FROM REST HOUSE (BUILDING NO. 320-B) IN CANS. (ONE OF THESE CANS IS ON UNLOADING PLATFORM RUNNING BESIDE PRESSES). CONTENTS OF CANS WERE UNLOADED INTO PRESSES BY HAND. - Picatinny Arsenal, 500 Area, Powder Factory & Power House, State Route 15 near I-80, Dover, Morris County, NJ
Low Income Families' Utilization of the Federal "Safety Net": Individual and State-Level Predictors of TANF and Food Stamp Receipt
Two of the primary programs through which the federal government provides benefits to low income families are the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and the Food Stamp program. However, many eligible low income families do not actually receive these benefits. We combined state-level policy data with rich data on a national sample of low income families to investigate family and state-level predictors of TANF and Food Stamp receipt. Our findings indicate: 1) families experiencing more economic hardship and health challenges are more likely to receive benefits, and 2) states' coverage is associated with families' receipt of TANF, but not Food Stamps. Implications for policy and research are discussed.
Purtell, Kelly M.; Gershoff, Elizabeth T.; Aber, J. Lawrence
Free Press: Beginner's Guide to Media Reform
Started in 2002 by author and professor Robert W. McChesney, the Free Press website is a clearinghouse of online material about the U.S. media reform movement. Some of the highlights of the site include profiles of all the organizations active in media reform, a detailed Learn About Media section with annotated background information, and original editorial content. One section that visitors will definitely want to take a close look at is the Media Policy area. Here users can receive current news information about the debates over media ownership as reflected by policy making decisions within the FCC, and also throughout the United States, and across the globe. The section dedicated to organizations is quite well-developed, and allows visitors to learn about various specific organizations interested in media reform, and how they may become involved with their work.
Mcchesney, Robert W.
Fracturing Demonstration using a Hydraulic Press
To prepare for the demonstration students are assigned homework problems dealing with brittle deformation in which they must plot Mohr diagrams and determine shear plane orientations and Coulomb coefficients. In class we examine an undeformed core of Yazoo clay (Eocene) taken from a test site on campus. The core is then uniaxially compressed using a hydraulic press. The students are then asked to observe and describe the development of shear fractures (including conjugate shear surfaces) and measure their orientations. In addition, they are asked to speculate on the development of extension fractures that develop during unloading. The fracture data are then used to estimate the Coulomb coefficient for the Yazoo clay sample and comparisons are made to values obtained from samples of differing lithologies. We wrap up with a class discussion summarizing observations from the fracture demonstration.
Harris, James B.
Blue Heron Press Collection: Artists' Books
The Blue Heron Press is based in Avoca, Nebraska, and over the past several decades they have published a number of exquisite chapbooks and illustrated works. Recently, the University of Nebraska Digital Collections group placed a number of their more recent publications online here. The works include some elaborate pieces that utilize wooden covers with leather spine wraps, and visitors can search the collection for various works. There are a number of "alphabet" themed books that contain colorful images and creative renderings of these 26 letters. Visitors are welcome to view the images in high resolution, and they can also zoom in and out to get a finer appreciation for all of the artistic details.
Read Recently Accepted Articles with Papers in Press
Starting today, AGU journal articles are available within days of acceptance. With the introduction of Papers in Press, online subscribers can now access the PDF files of accepted manuscripts prior to copyediting and formatting. Articles at this stage are considered ``in press'' and are citable with the DOI for future linking. Each journal has its own list of Papers in Press updated daily; these article listings can be sorted by first author or by date of acceptance. Navigation to Papers in Press will be on the top page of each journal under Access.
We have designed a radiation-based system for density measurement of wood composites during pressing. During pressing, heat and mass transfer, consolidation speed and mat characteristics interact to produce a density distribution in the mat that is typified by high surface density and low core density. Measuring density of the wood mat during consolidation is a key parameter for understanding subsequent product performance. The system provides for density measurement at three horizontal planes in the wood mat, at positions of 25 percent, 50 percent, and 75 percent of the mat thickness at any time during the press cycle. The system incorporates three cesium sources and electronic detection equipment, collimated to move in concert with the up-acting press platen. Radiation count data taken at eight counts per second is converted to density. Press position and time are simultaneously recorded with the count data. Experimentation with the system has included radiation measurements in aspen and pine wood mats, incorporating different rates of press closure and furnish moisture content; both variables known to influence formation of the density distribution in the mat. Results are presented that depict density changes in the mat during pressing.
Winistorfer, Paul M.; Moschler, William W.
Effects of press closing time on mat consolidation behavior during hot pressing and on linear expansion of particleboard
Mat consolidation behavior was investigated at various press closing times (PCTs) using hinoki (Japanese cypress) particle\\u000a mats. The temperature in the core layer of the mat, press pressure, and platen distance were measured. At the plateau stage\\u000a during hot pressing, the core temperature decreased with increasing PCT. The core temperature did not increase before the\\u000a platen distance equaled the target
Kohta Miyamoto; Shigehiko Suzuki; Takayoshi Inagaki; Ritsuo Iwata
Excellent results of a femoral press-fit stem cemented with a thin mantle: 116 hips followed for 11–18 years
We report the outcome of a femoral stem designed for press-fit insertion and cemented with a thin mantle. During the years\\u000a 1986–1992 we performed 346 primary total hip replacements in 305 patients. Their mean age at the time of the surgery was 75\\u000a (range, 52–91 years). During the follow-up, 206 patients had died (227 hips) and 3 were lost. This
Erling Gjengedal; Gisle Uppheim; Hĺvard Bjerkholt; Řystein Hřvik; Olav Reikerĺs
Effect of Deformation Temperature on Texture and Thermoelectric Properties of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 Prepared by Hot-Press Deformation
The effects of deformation temperature on texture and thermoelectric properties of p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 sintered materials were investigated. The sintered materials were prepared by mechanical alloying and hot-press sintering. The hot-press deformation was performed at 723 K and 823 K by applying mechanical pressure in a graphite die. Then, the materials were extruded in the direction opposite to the direction of applied pressure. X-ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction patterns showed that the hexagonal c-plane tended to align along the extruded direction when the samples were deformed at high temperatures. The thermoelectric power factor was increased by high-temperature hot-press deformation because of the low electrical resistivity that originated from the c-plane orientation.
Kitagawa, H.; Kurata, A.; Araki, H.; Morito, S.; Tanabe, E.
Micro-Hole Multi-Point Punching System Using Punch and Die Made by EDM
In this research a multi-point micro punch and die system was developed. The process of electric discharge machining (EDM) was used to produce both the punch and die. The punches were machined from a 5 mm diameter tungsten and a 10 mm diameter tool steel round rods by wire electric discharge machining (WEDM), using a 200 µm diameter wire electrode. The die holes were made using the punch as the electrode. The EDM process of the holes was carried out on a newly developed desktop EDM machine. The punch and die placed on a micro-die set and then on a micro press were used to produce micro-holes using an automatic control system developed for this process. Experiments to produce 50 µm to 67 µm square micro-holes on 50 µm thick aluminum, 30 µm thick copper and 20 µm thick stainless steel foils were conducted. The capabilities of multi-point punching using the tungsten punch and a tool steel punch were examined and tungsten was chosen as the material of choice for making the punch tool. A scanning electron microscope confirmed that the holes produced are clean, and the sheared surfaces smooth. The punch tool showed no signs of deformation or cracks even after repeated punching.
Broomfield, Mark; Mori, Toshihiko; Mikuriya, Teruaki; Tachibana, Kazushi
Fabrication of a Ni nano-imprint stamp for an anti-reflective layer using an anodic aluminum oxide template.
Aluminum anodizing can alter pore diameter, density distribution, periodicity and layer thickness in a controlled way. Because of this property, porous type anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) was used as a template for nano-structure fabrication. The alumina layer generated at a constant voltage increased the pore size from 120 nm to 205 nm according to an increasing process time from 60 min to 150 min. The resulting fabricated AAO templates had pore diameters at or less than 200 nm. Ni was sputtered as a conductive layer onto this AAO template and electroplated using DC and pulse power. Comparing these Ni stamps, those generated from electroplating using on/reverse/off pulsing had an ordered pillar array and maintained the AAO template morphology. This stamp was used for nano-imprinting on UV curable resin coated glass wafer. Surface observations via electron microscopy showed that the nano-imprinted patterned had the same shape as the AAO template. A soft mold was subsequently fabricated and nano-imprinted to form a moth-eye structure on the glass wafer. An analysis of the substrate transmittance using UV-VIS/NIR spectroscopy showed that the transmittance of the substrate with the moth-eye structure was 5% greater that the non-patterned substrate. PMID:24245297
Park, Eun-Mi; Lim, Seung-Kyu; Ra, Senug-Hyun; Suh, Su-Jung
Sociology of Death and Dying
According to Professor Michael C. Kearl, Professor of Sociology and Anthropology at Trinity University, death is "the central dynamism underlying the life, vitality, and structure of the social order. . .[and] reveals the most central social processes and cultural values." To explain and explore the social and cultural implications of death, Kearl created this extensive guide to sociological thanatology. The guide consists of a series of hypertextual essays divided into nine major sections, including Death and the Social Order, Bids for Symbolic Immortality and Longevity, and How We Die. Throughout the site, numerous links to relevant thanatological resources are provided.
Die Wiener PDT-Studie
\\u000a Zusammenfassung\\u000a Einleitung Ziel der Studie war es, einen Zusammenhang zwischen den funktioneilen Ergebnissen nach photodynamischer Therapie (PDT) und\\u000a der Fähigkeit unserer Patienten, sich im täglichen Leben zurechtzufinden, herzustellen. Vier Wiener Spitäler (Hanuschkrankenhaus,\\u000a Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Krankenhaus Lainz und Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Ost) beteiligten sich an dieser Studie. Die\\u000a Ergebnisse nach 1 Jahr werden präsentiert.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Patienten und Methode Augen mit vorwiegend klassischer choroidaler Neovaskularisation (CNV)
I. Krebs; S. Binder; U. Stolba; D. Sonderhof; W. Brannath; A. Goll
Comparison of ceramic waste forms produced by hot uniaxial pressing and by cold pressing and sintering
Synroc C waste form specimens prepared using the Australian-developed technology are uniaxially pressed in stainless steel bellows at 1200{degrees}C and 20MPa. This produces a material with high chemical and physical durability and with the radioactivity enclosed inside both the waste form and the bellows. An alternative method of producing the ceramic product is to use cold pressing of pellets followed by reactive sintering to provide densification and mineralization. Depending on the scale of waste form preparation required and on the activity level and nature of the waste streams, the cold press and sinter method may have advantages. To evaluate the effects of production method on waste form characteristics, especially resistance to dissolution or leaching of waste elements, we have prepared two simulated waste samples for evaluation. Both samples were prepared from liquid precursor materials (alkoxides, nitrates, and colloidal silica) and then doped with waste elements. The precursor material in each case corresponded to a basic phase assemblage of 60% zirconolite, 15% nepheline, 10% spinel, 10% perovskite, and 5% rutile. One sample was doped with 25% by weight of U; the other with 10% by weight each of U and Gd. Each sample was calcined at 750{degrees}C for 1 hr. in a 3.5% H{sub 2} in N{sub 2} atmosphere. Then one portion of each sample was hot pressed at temperatures ranging from 1120 to 1250{degrees}C and 20MPa pressure in steel bellows. A separate portion of each sample was formed into pellets, cold pressed, and sintered in various atmospheres at 1200{degrees}C to produce final products about 2/3 cm in diameter. Samples were then examined to determine density of the product, grain sizes of the phases, phase assemblage, and the location of the U and Gd in the final phases. Density data indicate that sintering gives good results provided that the samples are held at 200{degrees}C for long enough to allow trapped gases to escape.
Oversby, V.M. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Vance, E.R. [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights (Australia)
A nonmagnetic uniaxial press with a tiltable piston
The press has an oil-driven piston which is free to tilt, the oil being retained by a rubber diaphragm rather than by O rings. It consistently produced less than 15% difference in strain between opposite sides of a uniform cylindrical sample. Two presses of this design were used in extensive experiments on the effect of uniaxial compression on the magnetization
J. P. Hodych
The Role of the Black Press during the "Great Migration."
Between the years of 1916 and 1918 southern blacks began populating the urban centers of the north in a movement known as the "Great Migration." This movement was significant to the development of the black press, for it was during this period that the black press became a protest organ and rose to its greatest level of prominence and influence.…
Jones, Felecia G.
Modelling of Vertical Density Profile of MDF in Hot Pressing
The hot pressing operation is one of the most important operations in medium density fibreboard (MDF) manufacture. Complicated dynamic interactions occur during pressing, including heat transfer, moisture movement, development of gas pressure, internal stress development and relaxation, wood consolidation, resin curing, bonding between particles and eventual development of a nonuniform density distribution through the panel thickness. Consequently the mat experiences
Arun Gupta; Patrick J Jordan; Shusheng Pang
Massachusetts Adviser Urges a National Student Press Rights Drive.
Argues that students are being trained to believe that censorship of the press is a good idea. Shows, using two examples dealing with teenage pregnancies and gangs, how students can bring about real change in their school climate through their school newspaper--but only if it is a free press controlled by students, not the administration. (SR)
Proudfoot, Harry
First Amendment Speech and Press Theory: Preferred Position Postulate Reexamined.
If the United States Supreme Court is to exercise its historic role as guardian of the fundamental freedoms flowing from the speech and press clauses of the first amendment, it is imperative that those basic freedoms be placed in a preferred position. The preferred position doctrine provides adequate safeguards for both speech and press guarantees…
Stonecipher, Harry W.
The Operationalization of the Needs-Press Model: A Critique.
The needs-press model, as operationalized by the Stern Activities Index (AI) and the Organizational Climate Index (OCI), was examined for its usefulness in evaluating and measuring organizational climate in a school setting. According to the model, needs represents personality and press represents the environment. This research was designed to…
May, Carolyn S.
Fair Press or Trial Prejudice?: Perceptions of Criminal Defendants.
Examines criminal defendants' perceptions of the free press/fair trial issue with respect to perceived influences of media coverage on the disposition of criminal cases and the outcome of criminal trials. Concludes that the press' influence on trials is generally perceived as minimal and fair. (MM)
Sherard, Regina Ganelle
STS-5 crew during pre-flight press briefing
STS-5 crew during pre-flight press briefing. Mission Specialist Joseph P. Allen toys with a small space shuttle model while the rest of the STS-5 crew shares a laugh during the October 6 pre-flight press conference. The others are Astronauts Vance D. Brand, right, commander; Robert F. Overmyer, second right, pilot; and William B. Lenoir, mission specialist.
Temporalities and environmental reporting: press news on eutrophication in Finland
Media coverage is increasingly setting the agenda for environmental policy, even though the media has no formal role in policy making. This article explores water eutrophication in the Finnish press. The focus is on the temporal variations presented in the press articles. The DPSIR framework describing the Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impacts, and Responses, and the concept of timescape are
Jari M. Lyytimäki
6. Interior, first floor front room. View of pressed metal ...
6. Interior, first floor front room. View of pressed metal ceiling visible through opening in dropped ceiling. (Below the pressed metal ceiling are three wooden joists, two electrical wires and the edges of the dropped ceiling where a panel had been removed). - Ferree Building, 417 Ninth Street, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, DC
Corporate governance and impression management in annual press releases
We study the association between corporate governance and impression management in annual results press releases (ARPRs). Press releases constitute a timely vehicle to communicate firm performance to third parties. However, oftentimes, managers provide self-serving disclosures that attempt to distort readersż perceptions of corporate achievements. Corporate governance mechanisms actively monitor managerial disclosures, improving firm transparency. Thus, we predict that strong governance
Beatriz García Osma; Encarna Guillamón Saorín
The Press and NEPA: The Case of the Missing Agenda.
Surveys media coverage of the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), concluding that there was a general lack of press attention to NEPA and that Congress constructed its own social reality with respect to NEPA in the absence of an agenda-setting role by the press. (GT)
Schoenfeld, A. Clay
A simple pressing route to closed-cell microcellular ceramics
A simple pressing process using a polysiloxane and expanded microspheres for fabricating closed-cell microcellular ceramics is demonstrated. The strategy for making the microcellular ceramics involves: (i) forming preceramic foams using a mixture of preceramic polymer and expanded microspheres by pressing, (ii) cross-linking the formed body, and (iii) transforming the body into microcellular ceramics by pyrolysis. By controlling the microsphere content,
Young-Wook Kim; Yong-Jae Jin; Yong-Seong Chun; In-Hyuck Song; Hai-Doo Kim
Packaging the News; A Critical Survey of Press, Radio, TV.
In the 19th century, the American press was characterized by a profusion of independent newspapers, quick to criticize the government. In this century, the press and the other mass media have become owned by relatively few proprietors, all trumpeting the same capitalistic, government line. Even though they criticize the government occasionally,…
Aronson, James
The press and the political restructuring of Ethiopia
Divisive debates on what constitutes the Ethiopian nation, how the state should be structured and how power should be devolved, have dominated Ethiopia's private press since the ruling party, the Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), came to power. The press has served as both a mirror reflecting these issues and a space for literate elites to engage in political
Nicole Stremlau
Korean and Japanese Press: A Study in Crisis.
During a time of crisis, it is instructive to examine the national press of Japan and Korea, two economic allies that view each other with suspicion. The Japanese press is relatively free and liberal-oriented on the domestic scene but is closely aligned with big business and government with regard to international concerns. The South Korean…
Ruidl, Richard A.
Dewatering press liquor derived from orange production by forward osmosis
In this investigation, a forward osmosis (FO) dewatering process is evaluated as an alternative for dewatering orange peel press liquor. The press liquor is concentrated by removing water via osmosis into a concentrated "draw solution" across a polymeric cellulose acetate membrane. For this investigation, the draw solution consisted of sodium chloride at two different concentrations (2M and 4M). These draw
Esperanza M. Garcia-Castello; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon
The effect of hot isostatic pressing on cast aluminum
Aluminum-silicon alloys are the most important commercial aluminum casting alloys, primarily because of their superior casting characteristics. This article discusses the effect of hot isostatic pressing on the mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloy A356. The effect of low-cost Densal hotisostatic pressing is also examined.
Lei, C. S. C.; Frazier, W. E.; Lee, E. W.
State Free Expression Laws and Scholastic Press Censorship.
Surveys high school newspaper advisors, finding remarkably similar attitudes, in states with scholastic freedom of press laws and states without such laws, regarding scholastic press freedom, the way they exercise their duty in overseeing the newspaper, censorship and self-censorship, and controversy over newspaper content. Finds differences in…
Paxton, Mark; Dickson, Tom
The American Press and the Holocaust. Classroom Focus.
Contends that U.S. press coverage of the destruction of the Jews during World War II was sidebar or ancillary at best. Argues that the press often buried significant information on inside pages. Presents a secondary level lesson plan with student objectives and step-by-step instructional objectives. (CFR)
Wieser, Paul
Styles of Image Management During Crises: Justifying Press Censorship
Press freedom is crucial in times of national crisis such as rampant terrorism or war. But press freedom is likely to become a casualty at such times because of legitimate concerns about security for civilians and military personnel and because of fears of compromising the confidentiality of important public policies. What kinds of appeals do partisans and opponents of both
Experimenting with Houseplants: Publishing at Five University Presses.
Discusses the pros and cons of the increased willingness of university presses to include trade books within their lists. Describes an experiment in which the same manuscript dealing with a nonacademic subject was submitted for publication at five university presses. (JP)
Denham, Alice
Parallelization of Rocket Engine Simulator Software (PRESS)
Parallelization of Rocket Engine System Software (PRESS) project is part of a collaborative effort with Southern University at Baton Rouge (SUBR), University of West Florida (UWF), and Jackson State University (JSU). The second-year funding, which supports two graduate students enrolled in our new Master's program in Computer Science at Hampton University and the principal investigator, have been obtained for the period from October 19, 1996 through October 18, 1997. The key part of the interim report was new directions for the second year funding. This came about from discussions during Rocket Engine Numeric Simulator (RENS) project meeting in Pensacola on January 17-18, 1997. At that time, a software agreement between Hampton University and NASA Lewis Research Center had already been concluded. That agreement concerns off-NASA-site experimentation with PUMPDES/TURBDES software. Before this agreement, during the first year of the project, another large-scale FORTRAN-based software, Two-Dimensional Kinetics (TDK), was being used for translation to an object-oriented language and parallelization experiments. However, that package proved to be too complex and lacking sufficient documentation for effective translation effort to the object-oriented C + + source code. The focus, this time with better documented and more manageable PUMPDES/TURBDES package, was still on translation to C + + with design improvements. At the RENS Meeting, however, the new impetus for the RENS projects in general, and PRESS in particular, has shifted in two important ways. One was closer alignment with the work on Numerical Propulsion System Simulator (NPSS) through cooperation and collaboration with LERC ACLU organization. The other was to see whether and how NASA's various rocket design software can be run over local and intra nets without any radical efforts for redesign and translation into object-oriented source code. There were also suggestions that the Fortran based code be encapsulated in C + + code thereby facilitating reuse without undue development effort. The details are covered in the aforementioned section of the interim report filed on April 28, 1997.
Cezzar, Ruknet
[The use of dried grape press cake in pig fattening].
In dried grape press cake the content of crude nutrients and ash, overall sugar, amino acids, alpha-tocopherol and gross energy was determined. In biological experiments with pigs (total of 109 animals) 10% of mixture A1 or SOL was replaced by the same amount of dried crushed grape press cake, without affecting negatively the weight gains and consumption of mixtures per unit of weight gain. Nutritional effects of grape press cake are a subject of discussion and comprise three factors: higher content of enrgy (fat and sugars) in mixtures containing press cake, anti-oxidation effect of press cake and the effect of tocopherols on the metabolism of basic nutrients. PMID:118573
Herzig, I; Tomová, M; Holub, A; Pleskac, Z
Evaluation of permanent die coatings to improve the wear resistance of die casting dies. Final project report, January 1, 1995--April 30, 1997
Die Casting dies are subject to severe service conditions during the die casting operation. While these severe conditions are necessary to achieve high production rates, they cause the dies which are commonly made of H13 die steel, to suffer frequent failures. The major die failure mechanisms are erosion or washout, Heat checking, soldering and corrosion. Due to their geometrical complexity, die casting dies are very expensive (some dies cost over a million dollars), and thus a large number of parts have to be produced by a die, to justify this cost and leverage the advantages of the die casting process (high production rates, low manpower costs). A potential increase in the die service life, thus has a significant impact on the economics of the die; casting operation. There are many ways to extend die life: developing new wear resistant die materials, developing new surface treatments including coatings, improving heat treatment of existing H13 dies, using better lubricants that can protect the die material, or modifying the die geometry and process parameters to reduce the intensity of wear. Of these the use of coatings to improve the wear resistance of the die surface has shown a lot of promise. Consequently, use of coatings in the die casting industry and their wide use to decrease die wear can improve significantly the productivity of shop operations resulting in large savings in material and energy usage.
Shivpuri, R.
Die onderskikker dat: 'n korpus-gebaseerde bespreking (Deel 1)
In hierdie eerste van twee artikels oor die onderskikker dat word aspekte van die gebruik van dat in Afrikaans ondersoek. 'n Algemene bespreking van dat word aangebied en die gebruik van dat-inkorporasies in die subjeksfunksie in samegestelde sinne met 'n koppelwerkwoord in die dominante groep (dit is Tipe B-sinne), asook sinne met 'n hoofwerkwoord in die dominante groep wat deur
Barbara Bosch
STS-46 post flight press conference
At a post flight press conference, the flight crew of the STS-46 mission (Cmdr. Loren Shriver, Pilot Andrew Allen, Mission Specialists Claude Nicollier (European Space Agency (ESA)), Marsha Ivins (Flight Engineer), Jeff Hoffman (Payload Commander), Franklin Chang-Dias, and Payload Specialist Franco Malerba (Italian Space Agency (ISA))) discussed their roles in and presented video footage, slides and still photographs of the different aspects of their mission. The primary objectives of the mission were the deployment of ESA's European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) satellite and the joint NASA/ISA deployment and testing of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS). Secondary objectives included the IMAX Camera, the Limited Duration Space Environment Candidate Materials Exposure (LDVE), and the Pituitary Growth Hormone Cell Function (PHCF) experiments. Video footage of the EURECA and TSS deployment procedures are shown. Earth views were extensive and included Javanese volcanoes, Amazon basin forest ground fires, southern Mexico, southern Bolivian volcanoes, south-west Sudan and the Sahara Desert, and Melville Island, Australia. Questions from reporters and journalists from Johnson Space Center and Kennedy Space Center were discussed.
Bruce Buckingham of NASA Public Affairs hosted this press conference. Wayne Hill, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager; John Muratore, Shuttle Systems and Integration Manager; Mike Wetmore, Director for Shuttle Processing were present. Wayne started with a video from Shuttle Logistics Depot showing details of a point sensor box commonly named the black box. Work with the trouble shooting continues on a day to day basis, no definite launching date is set. John reports that they are in a mission support mode all over the country until the sensor problem is solved. Mike reports his team will complete scrub and securing tasks through the next day, restore the facility to its normal mode, and will start to a four day process of getting back to launch once trouble shooting is completed. Tanking test, thermal environment, problem identification, engine cut-off sensor problems, sensors, risk, design reviews, test and analysis, correlation of the problem with Columbia, are some of the topics covered with the News media.
[Work disability in public press professions].
In this study more than 1,000 cases of long-term disability among members of the press and media were evaluated. Mental disorders were the main cause of disability in almost every fourth case. In women psychiatric illnesses were even more important. The most common diagnosis was that of a depressive disorder which accounted for more than half of all psychiatric cases. The causes of disability of other insurance systems such as the German social security scheme and the pension and disability plan for the medical profession were compared. Mental illnesses are the leading cause of disability in white collar workers and orthopaedic illnesses, especially disorders of the vertebral column, are the leading cause in blue collar workers, as one might have expected. In females mental disorders are even more common than in men whereas men tend to have more cardiovascular problems than women. In this study also some interesting features regarding disability caused by various illnesses after long-term follow-up were found. This opens unknown perspectives allowing new assessment of diseases and eventually will enable the actuary to price medical diagnoses for disability insurance. PMID:12242775
Akermann, S
10-year results of the uncemented Allofit press-fit cup in young patients.
Background and purpose - Uncemented acetabular components in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) are commonly used today, but few studies have evaluated their survival into the second decade in young and active patients. We report on a minimum 10-year follow-up of an uncemented press-fit acetabular component that is still in clinical use. Methods - We examined the clinical and radiographic results of our first 121 consecutive cementless THAs using a cementless, grit-blasted, non-porous, titanium alloy press-fit cup (Allofit; Zimmer Inc., Warsaw, IN) without additional screw fixation in 116 patients. Mean age at surgery was 51 (21-60) years. Mean time of follow-up evaluation was 11 (10-12) years. Results - At final follow-up, 8 patients had died (8 hips), and 1 patient (1 hip) was lost to follow-up. 3 hips in 3 patients had undergone acetabular revision, 2 for deep infection and 1 for aseptic acetabular loosening. There were no impending revisions at the most recent follow-up. We did not detect periacetabular osteolysis or loosening on plain radiographs in those hips that were evaluated radiographically (n = 90; 83% of the hips available at a minimum of 10 years). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using revision of the acetabular component for any reason (including isolated inlay revisions) as endpoint estimated the 11-year survival rate at 98% (95% CI: 92-99). Interpretation - Uncemented acetabular fixation using the Allofit press-fit cup without additional screws was excellent into early in the second decade in this young and active patient cohort. The rate of complications related to the liner and to osteolysis was low. PMID:24875058
Streit, Marcus R; Weiss, Stefan; Andreas, Franziska; Bruckner, Thomas; Walker, Tilman; Kretzer, J Philippe; Ewerbeck, Volker; Merle, Christian
Exploring the Oceans for New Hydrothermal Systems: Collecting Stamps in the New Millenium
Only a few years after helping to sample and characterize the first seafloor hydrothermal vents, John Edmond frequently characterized continued vent exploration as "stamp collecting". But in fact, John was an avid explorer who helped expose the workings of the hydrosphere through observation. John showed us through his actions (if not always his words) that exploration, built on a strong scientific foundation, could lead to remarkable insights. The quest for new hydrothermal systems still continues, often beginning with the characterization of hydrothermal plumes in the water column. Although many of the tools and techniques are relatively well developed, the justification for this research and the modes of deployment have changed significantly. This presentation will summarize recent explorations of the Central Indian Ridge and southern East Pacific Rise, showing both the success of the primary goal -- to find new vents -- as well as the added value derived from the study of the hydrothermal plumes themselves. In April, 2001, a study using the ROV Jason, deployed from the R/V Knorr (162-12), located and sampled new vent fields on the Central Indian Ridge (Van Dover et al., Science, 14 Sept., 2001). The primary goal of the expedition was to locate and characterize the vent communities as they may represent a unique connection between Atlantic and Pacific communities. The ship sailed with an interdisciplinary team ready to locate the vents and sample the biological community as well as their geological and geochemical environment within a single expedition. A series of nested CTD-transmissometer surveys, coupled with current measurements and chemical analyses for Fe, Mn, CH4, and H2 identified unequivocal hydrothermal plumes and led to the discovery of a new vent field, named for John Edmond two weeks after he passed away in Boston. The combined application of physical, optical, and chemical properties allowed us to rapidly locate the vent within one hour of ROV bottom time, efficiently supporting the primary biological mission. Hydrothermal plume studies were also integrated with a submersible exploration of the fast-spreading section of the southern EPR in 1998. Plume studies were carried out from the R/V Atlantis (A-3-28) as the night program between Alvin dives to locate and sample a series of vents between 17° and 21° S. The programs supported each other in locating new dive targets and characterizing the source fluids generating the plumes. These plume studies also provided basic insight into the chemical and microbial fate of metals issued from hydrothermal vents and other sources in the oceans. By combining data from the individual seafloor vents with the composition of the resulting plume, we are better able to estimate the net flux of material from the vent field - using normalizations first attempted on a global scale by Edmond over twenty years ago.
Collier, R.; Lilley, M.; Cowen, J.
Food Stamp Participation is Associated with Fewer Meals Away From Home, yet Higher Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in a Nationally Representative Sample
Objective: To examine associations between Food Stamp (FS) participation, meals away from home (MAFH), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Nationally representative. Participants: Data from low-income, FS-eligible individuals (N = 945) ages 20-65 years, responding to the 2005-2006 National…
Jilcott, Stephanie B.; Liu, Haiyong; DuBose, Katrina D.; Chen, Susan; Kranz, Sibylle
Do Children in Rural Areas Still Have Different Access to Health Care? Results from a Statewide Survey of Oregon's Food Stamp Population
Purpose: To determine if rural residence is independently associated with different access to health care services for children eligible for public health insurance. Methods: We conducted a mail-return survey of 10,175 families randomly selected from Oregon's food stamp population (46% rural and 54% urban). With a response rate of 31%, we used a…
Devoe, Jennifer E.; Krois, Lisa; Stenger, Rob
Food stamp program participation, informal supports, household food security and child food security: A comparison of african american and caucasian households in poverty
More than 12million children in the U.S. live in a food insecure household. Insufficient nutrition puts children at risk for health and developmental problems. Little is known about a racial comparison of food security among economically vulnerable households. This study examines how the effects of household characteristics, food stamp program (FSP) (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program as of October 1, 2008)
ManSoo Yu; Margaret Lombe; Von E. Nebbitt
Vacuum die attach for integrated circuits
A thin film eutectic bond for attaching an integrated circuit die to a circuit substrate is formed by coating at least one bonding surface on the die and substrate with an alloying metal, assembling the die and substrate under compression loading, and heating the assembly to an alloying temperature in a vacuum. A very thin bond, 10 microns or less, which is substantially void free, is produced. These bonds have high reliability, good heat and electrical conduction, and high temperature tolerance. The bonds are formed in a vacuum chamber, using a positioning and loading fixture to compression load the die, and an IR lamp or other heat source. For bonding a silicon die to a silicon substrate, a gold silicon alloy bond is used. Multiple dies can be bonded simultaneously. No scrubbing is required. 1 figure.
Schmitt, E.H.; Tuckerman, D.B.
A thin film eutectic bond for attaching an integrated circuit die to a circuit substrate is formed by coating at least one bonding surface on the die and substrate with an alloying metal, assembling the die and substrate under compression loading, and heating the assembly to an alloying temperature in a vacuum. A very thin bond, 10 microns or less, which is substantially void free, is produced. These bonds have high reliability, good heat and electrical conduction, and high temperature tolerance. The bonds are formed in a vacuum chamber, using a positioning and loading fixture to compression load the die, and an IR lamp or other heat source. For bonding a silicon die to a silicon substrate, a gold silicon alloy bond is used. Multiple dies can be bonded simultaneously. No scrubbing is required.
Schmitt, Edward H. (Livermore, CA); Tuckerman, David B. (Livermore, CA)
Die singulation method and package formed thereby
A method is disclosed for singulating die from a substrate having a sacrificial layer and one or more device layers, with a retainer being formed in the device layer(s) and anchored to the substrate. Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) etching of a trench through the substrate from the bottom side defines a shape for each die. A handle wafer is then attached to the bottom side of the substrate, and the sacrificial layer is etched to singulate the die and to form a frame from the retainer and the substrate. The frame and handle wafer, which retain the singulated die in place, can be attached together with a clamp or a clip and to form a package for the singulated die. One or more stops can be formed from the device layer(s) to limit a sliding motion of the singulated die.
Anderson, Robert C. (Tucson, AZ); Shul, Randy J. (Albuquerque, NM); Clews, Peggy J. (Tijeras, NM); Baker, Michael S. (Albuquerque, NM); De Boer, Maarten P. (Albuquerque, NM)
Die "Amerikanisierung" der Medienberichterstattung über Bundestagswahlen
Zum festen Bestandteil der politischen Kommunikation in den letzten Jahren gehört immer wieder die Behauptung, es gebe eine\\u000a "Amerikanisierung" der Bundestagswahlen, ja der Politik insgesamt. Die politischen Feuilletons großer Tageszeitungen schmücken\\u000a sich mit immer neuen "Belegen" für diese Orientierung der Politiker an den USA. Einig sind sich die meisten Kommentatoren\\u000a auch in ihren Bewertungen: Vor der "Amerikanisierung" muss gewarnt werden.
Frank Brettschneider
Die Triangulation als Methode in der Politikwissenschaft
Die Forderung nach "Methodenpluralismus" scheint in jüngster Zeit den "Methodenstreit" sowohl zwischen Befürwortern qualitativer\\u000a und quantitativer Techniken (Kelle 2007: 25-46) als auch innerhalb der quantitativen Forschungstradition zwischen Nutzern von Aggregat- und Individualdaten abgelöst zu\\u000a haben. So ist einerseits die letztere Auseinandersetzung zumindest auf der methodischen Ebene gelöst worden, nachdem sich\\u000a die Verwendung der Mehrebenenanalyse (Raudenbusch\\/ryk 2002; Engel 1998; Langer 2004)
Susanne Pickel
Die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Schlafforschung in Berlin
Zusammenfassung Teil I der Geschichte der Schlafforschung in Berlin zeichnete die Entwicklung von der Aufklärung im 17. Jh. bis zur Periode\\u000a der frühen Physiologie zu Beginn des 19. Jh. nach. Ab dieser Zeit wurde die medizinische Fakultät der Universität Berlin ein\\u000a führendes Zentrum der Physiologie und der klinischen Forschung in Deutschland. In der 1. Hälfte des 20. Jh. stärkte besonders\\u000a die Errichtung des Instituts für Hirnforschung
H. Schulz; Frühphase der Physiologie
Die Zukunft des Internet in der Gesundheitsversorgung
"Und das ist die Zukunft" behauptet Mika Häkkinen nach einem Blick durchs Fernrohr in den Abendhimmel für Deutschlands größten\\u000a pinkfarbenen Konzern in der Kommunikationsbranche allabendlich während der Werbepausen auf deutschen Fernsehbildschirmen.\\u000a Was uns aber die Zukunft wirklich bringt, damit beschäftigen sich weltweit ernsthaft wissenschaftliche Institute und Forschungseinrichtungen,\\u000a die aufgrund systematischer Analysen auf den Gebieten von Wirtschaft, Ethik, Moral, Gesellschaft und
Sylvia Sänger
Hot pressing Nd-Fe-B HDDR powders
Details of the important parameters for hot pressing isotropic Nd{sub 16}Fe{sub 76}B{sub 8} HDDR powders are presented. Optimum magnetic properties may be achieved over broad ranges of green compaction pressure and hot pressing temperature, time and pressure. Isotropic HDDR powders with lower Nd-contents (i.e., Nd{sub 14}Fe{sub 79}B{sub 7} and Nd{sub 13}Fe{sub 80.5}B{sub 6.5}) may also be hot pressed to full density to produce magnets with energy products {approximately} 100 kJ/m{sup 3} and some advantages of hot pressing the lower Nd-content compositions are stated. The cause of the enhanced values of remanence obtained for nominally isotropic hot pressed HDDR magnets is probably due to some alignment induced during hot pressing. The ease of hot pressing HDDR powder suggests this process is commercially viable, particularly as the HDDR powder production process has been estimated to be cheaper than that of the MQ powder.
Ragg, O.M.; Harris, I.R. [Univ. of Birmingham (United Kingdom). School of Metallurgy and Materials] [Univ. of Birmingham (United Kingdom). School of Metallurgy and Materials; Nagel, H. [NKE GmbH, Kamen Herens Werye (Germany)] [NKE GmbH, Kamen Herens Werye (Germany); Boehm, P. [Thyssen Magnettechnik GmbH, Dortmund (Germany)] [Thyssen Magnettechnik GmbH, Dortmund (Germany)
Die Retrobulbäranästhesie nach AtkinsonEine Qualitätskontrollstudie
Zusammenfassung \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Fragestellung. Bei der Retrobulbäranästhesie (RBA) sind lokale und systemische Komplikationen eingehend untersucht worden. Demgegenüber\\u000a bleibt die Frage nach wie vor unbeantwortet, welche klinischen Zeichen den Erfolg der RBA voraussagen lassen.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Methodik. Wir evaluierten prospektiv 500 Patienten, die sich einer Katarakt-, Glaukom- oder Glaskörperoperation unterziehen mussten.\\u000a Als Anästhesieverfahren wurde die RBA nach Atkinson gewählt. Vor der Operation wurde die RBA
A. Reber; T. W. J. Odermatt; U. Rüttimann; M. Schneider
Die Einwirkung der Kurzwellen auf Bakterien
Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Einwirkung von Kurzwellen zwischen 4 und 8 m Wellenlänge auf Kulturen von Pmeumokokken, Staphylococcus albus haemolyticus, Streptococcus haemolyticus und Bacterium coli commune geprüft.
Heinrich Lippelt; Carl Heller
Implementierung von Motorvermessungsmethoden für die Prüfstandsautomatisierung
Antriebsstrang Applikationsprozesse werden zunehmend kritischer. Die steigenden Erwartungen an ein Fahrzeug und die Kundenzufriedenheit sind der treibende Faktor für Verbesserungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der transienten Performance, des Fahrverhaltens und der Reduzierung des Verbrauchs. Gleichzeitig müssen striktere Emissions-Grenzwerte erfüllt werden. Dies führt zwangsläufig zu einer komplexeren Antriebsstrang-Hardware, einschließlich Sensoren und Aktuatoren. Steuergeräte werden immer leistungsfähiger, Modelle immer komplexer, die Anzahl von parametrierbaren Labels in den Modellen steigt ständig. Das Gesamtsystem Mechanik, Hydraulik, Thermodynamik und Elektronik und die Interaktion der einzelnen Komponenten wird zum entscheidenden Erfolgsfaktor für Projekte. Deshalb wurde ein Smart-Calibration-Prozess entwickelt. "Smart Calibration ist ein verfolgbares und wieder verwendbares Konzept, welches die Qualität und die Effizienz der Applikation steigert. Basierend auf qualitativ hochwertigen Messergebnissen können diese schnellstmöglich hereingefahren und die notwendige Anzahl der Messungen auf ein Minimum reduziert werden. Darüber hinaus dürfen einzelne Entwicklungsschritte nicht an die klassischen Entwicklungsumgebungen gebunden sein. Eine Flexibilisierung schafft deutliche Fortschritte in Effektivität und Effizienz. Ohne durchgängige Plattform Lösungen mit professionellen Produkten kann eine nachhaltige Produktivitätssteigerung im weltweiten Wettbewerb nicht realisiert werden.
Martini, Eike; Wellers, Matthias
All-silica nanofluidic devices for DNA-analysis fabricated by imprint of sol-gel silica with silicon stamp.
We present a simple and cheap method for fabrication of silica nanofluidic devices for single-molecule studies. By imprinting sol-gel materials with a multi-level stamp comprising micro- and nanofeatures, channels of different depth are produced in a single process step. Calcination of the imprinted hybrid sol-gel material produces purely inorganic silica, which has very low autofluorescence and can be fusion bonded to a glass lid. Compared to top-down processing of fused silica or silicon substrates, imprint of sol-gel silica enables fabrication of high-quality nanofluidic devices without expensive high-vacuum lithography and etching techniques. The applicability of the fabricated device for single-molecule studies is demonstrated by measuring the extension of DNA molecules of different lengths confined in the nanochannels. PMID:22081085
Mikkelsen, Morten Bo; Letailleur, Alban A; Sřndergĺrd, Elin; Barthel, Etienne; Teisseire, Jérémie; Marie, Rodolphe; Kristensen, Anders
Study on high-temperature deformation and practical application of ultra high strength steel BR1500HS in hot stamping