text:
Cyclohexanone inclusion compounds of related multipedal hosts
Microsoft Academic Search
The structures of the cyclohexanone inclusion compounds of (1) hexakis (3-hydroxy-3, 3-diphenyl-2-propynyl) benzene (H1) (triclinic, P1Ż, a = 8.957(4), b = 16.69(1), c = 17.201(4) Ĺ, a = 93.82(3), ß = 97.61(3), and ? = 93.13(5)°); (2) 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexakis(3-hydroxy-3,3-diphenyl-2-propynyl)naphthalene (H2) (monoclinic, P21\\/n, a = 9.444(5), b = 18.353(5), c = 31.59(1) Ĺ, and ß = 92.18(3)°) and (3) tetra(3-hydroxy-3,3-diphenyl-2-propynyl)ethylene (H3) (triclinic,
Susan A. Bourne; Katherine L. Gifford Nash; Fumio Toda
Inclusion compound of vitamin B13 in ?-Cyclodextrin. Structural investigations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Structural characterization of inclusion compound of vitamin B13 (orotic acid) with ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD) prepared by different methods (kneading, co-precipitation and freeze-drying) has been performed by using FTIR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and DSC, FTIR data being compared with molecular modeling of these supramolecular architectures.
Kacso, Irina; Borodi, Gheorghe; F?rca?, Sorin I.; Bratu, Ioan
High-field EPR of irradiated inclusion compounds
High-field EPR can be successfully used to study the dynamics of guest molecules in inclusion compounds. A radical guest has been obtained by ?-irradiation of the inclusion compound nonadecan-10-one in perhydrotriphenylene. The rotational motion of the radicals inside the host channels is fast and the relaxation effect on the X-band EPR line shapes is small. The line widths of the W-band EPR spectra (108 GHz) are significantly larger since the molecular rotation modulates the g-tensor of the radical. Analysis of the relaxation effects shows that the X-band and W-band EPR are complementary. The former gives the maximum information at low temperature, while the latter is useful at higher temperatures.
Segre, Ulderico; Brustolon, Marina; Brunel, Louis Claude; Maniero, Anna Lisa
Twinning, Epitaxy and Domain Switching in Ferroelastic Inclusion Compounds
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Our research is in the area of solid-state organic chemistry, which lies at the interface between physical organic chemistry and materials science. We use crystalline solids as models to probe fundamental issues about physical processes, molecular interactions and chemical reactions that are important for fabrication, stabilization and application of technological materials. Much of our most recent work has focused on the phenomena of ferroelastic and ferroelectric domain switching, in which application of an external force or electric field to a crystal causes the molecules inside the crystal to reorient, in tandem, to a new orientational state. To better understand and control the domain switching process, we have designed and synthesized over twenty closely related, ferroelastic organic crystals. Our approach has been to use crystalline inclusion compounds, in which one molecule (the guest) is trapped within the crystalline framework of a second molecule (the host). By keeping the host constant and varying the proportions and kinds of guests, it has been possible to tailor these materials so that domain switching is rapid and reversible (which is desirable for high technology applications). Inclusion compounds therefore serve as powerful systems for understanding the specific molecular mechanisms that control domain switching.
Hollingsworth, Mark D.; Peterson, Matthew L.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
The "ERIC Review" is published three times per year and announces research results, publications, and new programs relevant to each issue's theme topic. This issue introduces readers to the issues surrounding the inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms, and provides information for schools moving to adopt more…
ERIC Review, 1996
Self-assembly vesicles made from a cyclodextrin supramolecular complex.
Self-assembly vesicles have been made from a cyclodextrin (CD) supramolecular complex, which is cooperatively formed with natural beta-CD, 1-naphthylammonium chloride (NA), and sodium bis(2-ethyl-1-hexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) by weak noncovalent interactions. In the complex structure, a NA molecule is included inside a beta-CD molecule while it is coupled with an AOT molecule on one side. The supramolecular structure and morphology of the vesicles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. The mechanism of vesicle formation and transition is discussed along with the data obtained from induced circular dichroism (ICD) and UV/visible spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Both the fabrication and the transition of vesicles are controlled by the inclusion equilibria and the cooperative binding of noncovalent interactions, which include the "key-lock" principle, electrostatic interactions, pi-pi stacking, and amphiphilic hydrophobic association. PMID:17663495
Jing, Bo; Chen, Xiao; Wang, Xudong; Yang, Chunjie; Xie, Yizhou; Qiu, Huayu
High-pressure/low-temperature neutron scattering of gas inclusion compounds: Progress and prospects
PubMed Central
Alternative energy resources such as hydrogen and methane gases are becoming increasingly important for the future economy. A major challenge for using hydrogen is to develop suitable materials to store it under a variety of conditions, which requires systematic studies of the structures, stability, and kinetics of various hydrogen-storing compounds. Neutron scattering is particularly useful for these studies. We have developed high-pressure/low-temperature gas/fluid cells in conjunction with neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering instruments allowing in situ and real-time examination of gas uptake/release processes. We studied the formation of methane and hydrogen clathrates, a group of inclusion compounds consisting of frameworks of hydrogen-bonded H2O molecules with gas molecules trapped inside the cages. Our results reveal that clathrate can store up to four hydrogen molecules in each of its large cages with an intermolecular H2–H2 distance of only 2.93 ?. This distance is much shorter than that in the solid/metallic hydrogen (3.78 ?), suggesting a strong densification effect of the clathrate framework on the enclosed hydrogen molecules. The framework-pressurizing effect is striking and may exist in other inclusion compounds such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Owing to the enormous variety and flexibility of their frameworks, inclusion compounds may offer superior properties for storage of hydrogen and/or hydrogen-rich molecules, relative to other types of compounds. We have investigated the hydrogen storage properties of two MOFs, Cu3[Co(CN)6]2 and Cu3(BTC)2 (BTC = benzenetricarboxylate), and our preliminary results demonstrate that the developed neutron-scattering techniques are equally well suited for studying MOFs and other inclusion compounds.
Zhao, Yusheng; Xu, Hongwu; Daemen, Luke L.; Lokshin, Konstantin; Tait, Kimberly T.; Mao, Wendy L.; Luo, Junhua; Currier, Robert P.; Hickmott, Donald D.
High-pressure/low-temperature neutron scattering of gas inclusion compounds: progress and prospects.
Alternative energy resources such as hydrogen and methane gases are becoming increasingly important for the future economy. A major challenge for using hydrogen is to develop suitable materials to store it under a variety of conditions, which requires systematic studies of the structures, stability, and kinetics of various hydrogen-storing compounds. Neutron scattering is particularly useful for these studies. We have developed high-pressure/low-temperature gas/fluid cells in conjunction with neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering instruments allowing in situ and real-time examination of gas uptake/release processes. We studied the formation of methane and hydrogen clathrates, a group of inclusion compounds consisting of frameworks of hydrogen-bonded H(2)O molecules with gas molecules trapped inside the cages. Our results reveal that clathrate can store up to four hydrogen molecules in each of its large cages with an intermolecular H(2)-H(2) distance of only 2.93 A. This distance is much shorter than that in the solid/metallic hydrogen (3.78 A), suggesting a strong densification effect of the clathrate framework on the enclosed hydrogen molecules. The framework-pressurizing effect is striking and may exist in other inclusion compounds such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Owing to the enormous variety and flexibility of their frameworks, inclusion compounds may offer superior properties for storage of hydrogen and/or hydrogen-rich molecules, relative to other types of compounds. We have investigated the hydrogen storage properties of two MOFs, Cu(3)[Co(CN)(6)](2) and Cu(3)(BTC)(2) (BTC = benzenetricarboxylate), and our preliminary results demonstrate that the developed neutron-scattering techniques are equally well suited for studying MOFs and other inclusion compounds. PMID:17389387
Zhao, Yusheng; Xu, Hongwu; Daemen, Luke L; Lokshin, Konstantin; Tait, Kimberly T; Mao, Wendy L; Luo, Junhua; Currier, Robert P; Hickmott, Donald D
Inclusion compound of vitamin B6 in ?-CD. Physico-chemical and structural investigations
Structural and physico-chemical characterization of supramolecular assembly of vitamin B6 with ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD) prepared by different methods (kneading, co-precipitation and freeze-drying) has been performed by using several spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis), powder X-ray diffraction and DSC in order to evidence the inclusion compound formation. An analysis of the chemical shifts observed in the 1H-NMR spectra and of the vibrational frequency shifts led to the tentative conclusion that the vitamin B6 probably enters the cyclodextrin torus when forming the ?-CD-vitamin B6 inclusion complex.
Borodi, Gheorghe; Kacso, Irina; Farca?, Sorin I.; Bratu, Ioan
Synthesis and spectral investigation of Al(III) catechin/?-cyclodextrin and Al(III) quercetin/?-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds
Al-catechin/?-cyclodextrin and Al-quercetin/?-cyclodextrin (?-CD) inclusion compounds were synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-vis, 1H and 13C NMR and TG and DTA analyses. Because quercetin is sparingly soluble in water, the stability constants of the Al-quercetin/?-CD and Al-catechin/?-CD compounds were determined by phase solubility studies. The A L-type diagrams indicated the formation of 1:1 inclusion compounds and allowed calculation of the stability constants. The thermodynamic parameters were obtained from the dependence of the stability constants on temperature and results indicated that the formation of the inclusion compounds is an enthalpically driven process. The thermal decomposition of the solid Al-quercetin/?-CD and Al-catechin/?-CD inclusion compounds took place at different stages, compared with the respective precursors, proving that an inclusion complexation process really occurred.
Dias, Karina; Nikolaou, Sofia; De Giovani, Wagner F.
Nitride formation by the carbothermal reduction of a zeolite-polyacrylonitrile inclusion compound
An inclusion compound between zeolite and polyacrylonitrile has been applied as a precursor for the carbothermal reduction process. By heat treatment at 1400 to 1600° C in N2, ß-sialon was mainly obtained. The X phase, a-Si3N4, the 15R-AlN phase, AIN, and mullite also formed under certain firing conditions. On the other hand, a-Si2N4 was detected as the principal crystalline phases
Yoshiyuki Sugahara; Hiromitsu Hiraiwa; Kazuyuki Kuroda; Chuzo Kato
Single-crystal deuterium NMR study of the symmetry breaking in an incommensurate organic inclusion compound
A single-crystal deuterium NMR study of the phase transition of the incommensurate organic inclusion compound of n-nonadecane in urea is presented. In agreement with diffraction measurements, we found that the urea host sublattice is not significantly modulated in the high-symmetry phase. Whereas at room temperature the NMR profiles reflect the fast reorientational disorder of the guest molecules, we report a
H. Le Lann; C. Odin; B. Toudic; J. C. Ameline; J. Gallier; F. Guillaume; T. Breczewski
Phase transitions and molecular dynamics in the cyclohexane/thiourea inclusion compound
In thiourea inclusion compounds the host structure comprises a hydrogen bonded arrangement of thiourea molecules and contains unidirectional, nonintersecting channels within which guest molecules are located. Structural and dynamic properties of the cyclohexane/thiourea inclusion compound have been studied previously by a wide range of experimental techniques, providing contradictory interpretations. This organic composite crystal displays three thermotropic structural phases on cooling from room temperature, denoted phase I (rhombohedral), phase II (monoclinic), and phase III (monoclinic). However, until now, there has been no attempt to understand the relationship between the dynamics of the guest molecules and the structural and symmetry properties of the composite inclusion compound in the three phases. In the first part of this paper, we determine the space group of each phase from powder x-ray diffraction data. From this knowledge of the symmetry properties of each phase, the phase transitions are described in terms of order parameters defined on the basis of the symmetry principles of Landau theory. Theoretical analysis of the crystal strain occurring at the phase transitions allows a direct comparison between the experimental temperature dependence of the lattice parameters and predictions derived from Landau theory. In the second part of this paper, we report results from powder and single-crystal 2H NMR spectroscopy on samples of cyclohexane/thiourea containing perdeuterated cyclohexane guest molecules (C6D12). These 2H NMR experiments have shown that in phase I, the motionally averaged quadrupole coupling tensor is axially symmetric. On passing from phase I to phase II, the threefold symmetry axis of the R=3Żc space group of phase I is lost, such that the motionally averaged quadrupole interaction tensor is not axially symmetric in phase II. The single crystal 2H NMR spectra probe very precisely the relative orientations of the guest molecules, which are consistent with the site symmetry properties of the structure and proposed modes of crystal twinning, and demonstrate that there is only one type of dynamic species of guest molecule in phase II. In phase III, a greater degree of orientational ordering of the cyclohexane molecules is evident. From a detailed consideration of the symmetry properties of the inclusion compound, the dynamics of the guest molecules may be described using simple jump models (i.e., multidimensional pseudospin models) in all three phases. Using these models, the temperature dependence of the order parameter components has been established. These results, in conjunction with x-ray diffraction, provide important information needed to propose a microscopic model for the mechanisms of the phase transitions in the cyclohexane/thiourea inclusion compound.
Desmedt, A.; Kitchin, S. J.; Guillaume, F.; Couzi, M.; Harris, K. D. M.; Bocanegra, E. H.
Physicochemical and molecular modeling studies of cefixime-L-arginine-cyclodextrin ternary inclusion compounds.
In an attempt to improve the physicochemical properties of cefixime (CEF), its supramolecular inclusion compounds were prepared with ?-cyclodextrin (?CD) and hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin (HP?CD) in presence and/or absence of ternary component L-arginine (ARG) using spray drying technique. Initially, the phase solubility studies revealed a stoichiometry of 1:1 molar ratio with an AL-type of phase solubility curve. The stability constants of binary systems were remarkably improved in presence of ARG, indicating positive effect of its addition. The inclusion complexes were characterized by FTIR, XRPD, DSC, SEM, particle size analysis, and dissolution studies. Further, molecular mechanic (MM) calculations were performed to investigate the possible orientations of CEF inside ?CD cavity in presence and/or absence of ternary component. In case of physicochemical studies, the ternary systems performed well as a result of comprehensive effect of ternary complexation and particle size reduction achieved by a spray drying technology. PMID:24053809
Jadhav, Priyanka; Petkar, Bhushan; Pore, Yogesh; Kulkarni, Anita; Burade, Kishorkumar
Probing molecular order in zeolite L inclusion compounds using two-photon fluorescence polarimetric microscopy.
We investigate the local static molecular orientational behavior in zeolite L inclusion compounds by polarimetric two-photon fluorescence microscopy. This technique, based on the polarized read-out of the signal under a tunable incident polarization state, provides refined information on molecular disorder that is not achievable using traditional fluorescence anisotropy. Moreover, the polarimetric microscopy imaging scheme permits a spatial investigation of possible heterogeneities, with a submicrometric resolution. The study performed on different fluorescent molecules inserted in zeolite L channels evidence a degree of disorder for either small or flexible structures. PMID:20210333
Gasecka, A; Dieu, L-Q; Brühwiler, D; Brasselet, S
High-pressure-induced phase transitions in the ferroelectric bis-thiourea pyridinium iodide inclusion compound
The effect of temperature and pressure on physical properties of the ferroelectric bis-thiourea pyridinium iodide inclusion compound has been studied by dielectric spectroscopy, neutron spectroscopy, neutron powder diffractometry, single crystal x-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). At ambient pressure two structural phase transitions have been revealed: at T1 = 161 K between phases I and II and at T2 = 141 K between phases II and III. Phase III with increasing pressure splits into two phases, IIIa and IIIb. The temperatures of the phase transitions TI-II, TII-IIIa and TIIIa-IIIb increase with increasing pressure. The p-T phase diagram constructed for this compound shows two triple points of coordinates 150 K, 100 MPa and 115 K, 100 MPa.
Bilski, P.; Bobrowicz-Sarga, L.; Czarnecki, P.; Ma?uszy?ska, H.; Natkaniec, I.; W?sicki, J.
Compound ultrarefractory CAI-bearing inclusions from CV3 carbonaceous chondrites
Ivanova, Marina A.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; MacPherson, Glenn J.
Preferential adhesion of silver nanoparticles onto crystal faces of alpha-cyclodextrin/carboxylic acids inclusion compounds.
Alpha-Cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) inclusion compounds containing the carboxylic acids (octanoic, decanoic, lauric or dodecanoic, myristic or tetradecanoic, palmitic or hexadecanoic and stearic or octadecanoic) as guests were synthesized and applied for preferential adhesion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The binding affinity depends of the chain length of the respective guest and is most efficient for octanoic and decanoic acids. The immobilization of nanoparticles is caused by the spatial replacing of the stabilized shell of the nanoparticles by COOH groups of the guests molecules, located at the entrance of cavity of alpha-CD, corresponding to the {001} crystal plane. Crystalline coating with nanoparticles provides a means of storing of AgNPs on solids state without aggregation. The stabilization of the particles on the surface is valid for a given length and ordering of the guest in the cavities of the alpha-CD being the octanoic and decanoic acid the most appropriated. PMID:23447940
Rodríguez-Llamazares, S; Jara, P; Yutronic, N; Noyong, M; Fischler, M; Simon, U
FT-Raman and FT-IR studies of 1:2.5 piroxicam: ?-cyclodextrin inclusion compound
The FT-Raman and FT-IR spectra of amorphous 1:2.5 piroxicam (P): ?-cyclodextrin (?CD) inclusion compound (P?CD) are presented and discussed in comparison with the spectra of the three main modifications of piroxicam (?,? and monohydrate). In the 1700-1200 cm -1 FT-Raman spectrum of 1:2.5 P?CD inclusion compound the bands of ?CD are weak and covered by those stronger of piroxicam, differently from the FT-IR spectrum where the bands of ?CD are stronger, so covering a large part of the spectrum. Typical FT-Raman marker bands are assigned for the characterization of the three modifications of piroxicam. The FT-Raman spectrum of 1:2.5 P?CD inclusion compound predominantly shows the bands at about 1465 and 1400 cm -1 of the monohydrate, indicating that piroxicam assumes the zwitterionic structure stabilized by interaction with ?CD via electrostatic and hydrogen bonds. The dipolar character of 1:2.5 P?CD inclusion compound improves the solubility and the dissolution rate of piroxicam and thus its rate of absorption.
Bertoluzza, A.; Rossi, M.; Taddei, P.; Redenti, E.; Zanol, M.; Ventura, P.
Molecular Mixing Achieved Through the Simultaneous Formation of and Coalescence from Crystalline Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compounds Containing Guest Polymers
We describe the successful mixing of polymer pairs and polymers and small molecule additives to form blends that possess molecular-level homogeniety. This is achieved by simultaneous formation of crystalline inclusion compounds (ICs) between host cyclodextrins (CDs) and two or more guests, and subsequently coalescing the included guests from their CD-ICs to form blends. Several such CD-IC fabricated blends, including both
Cristian C. Rusa; Min Wei; Todd A. Bullions; Jeffery L. White; Alan E. Tonelli
Molecular Dynamics of Polypeptides and Their Inclusion Compounds with ?-Cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solution Using DC–SCC–DFTB\\/UFF Approach
The QM\\/MM hybrid approach using the dispersion corrected–self-consistent charge–density functional tight-binding (DC–SCC–DFTB) as quantum method and the universal force field (UFF) as molecular mechanics method is used as the strategy to investigate the inclusion compound formation. The fundaments of the SCC–DFTB method and the posteriori treatment of the London dispersion interactions are discussed and its implementation to perform QM\\/MM molecular
Guilherme Ferreira de Lima; Thomas Heine; Hélio Anderson Duarte
LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Pressure dependence of the dynamics of an organic inclusion compound investigated by incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering
The nitroxide 0953-8984\\/9\\/30\\/001\\/img11 (referred to as tano) forms channel inclusion compounds with linear hydrocarbons. At room temperature, both tano and chain molecules are dynamically disordered. When the temperature is decreased, one phase transition is observed. The pressure dependence of the temperature of transition and the evolution of the individual motions have been studied by incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering in the
J. Combet; N. D. Morelon; M. Ferrand; M. Bée; D. Djurado; G. Commandeur; J. M. Castejon
Analysis of the microcrystalline inclusion compounds of triclosan with ?-cyclodextrin and its tris-O-methylated derivative.
Solid 1:1 inclusion compounds of triclosan with native and permethylated ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD and TRIMEB) were prepared by co-crystallisation and co-evaporation, respectively, and studied by FT-IR and (13)C{(1)H} CP/MAS NMR spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations. Results showed that triclosan inclusion into TRIMEB afforded an amorphous solid, whilst ?-CD·triclosan is composed of microcrystals belonging to two different phases. In the phase featuring larger crystals, X-ray diffraction was carried out and the ?-CD host units, packing head-to-head in infinite channels, were refined; the geometry for the included but highly disordered triclosan molecules was assessed by theoretical calculations. The bacterial growth inhibitory action of the inclusion compounds was studied in comparison to that of pure triclosan on Gram-negative (Salmonella, Escherichia) and Gram-positive strains (Bacillus, Listeria, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus) typically associated with human pathologies, and also on environmental bacteria isolated from different soil and water sources. The antimicrobial activities obtained in the present work showed that, of the two CD hosts, TRIMEB brings the most favourable carrier effect: it reduced the toxicity of triclosan against some of the environmental strains and afforded slightly higher action against virulent strains. PMID:23523864
Ramos, Ana I; Braga, Teresa M; Fernandes, José A; Silva, Patrícia; Ribeiro-Claro, Paulo J; Almeida Paz, Filipe A; de Fátima Silva Lopes, Maria; Braga, Susana S
Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls: Inclusion in the Toxicity Equivalency Factor Concept for Dioxin-Like Compounds
In 2011, a joint World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) expert consultation took place, during which the possible inclusion of brominated analogues of the dioxin-like compounds in the WHO Toxicity Equivalency Factor (TEF) scheme was evaluated. The expert panel concluded that polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs), dibenzofurans (PBDFs), and some dioxin-like biphenyls (dl-PBBs) may contribute significantly in daily human background exposure to the total dioxin toxic equivalencies (TEQs). These compounds are also commonly found in the aquatic environment. Available data for fish toxicity were evaluated for possible inclusion in the WHO-UNEP TEF scheme (van den Berg et al., 1998). Because of the limited database, it was decided not to derive specific WHO-UNEP TEFs for fish, but for ecotoxicological risk assessment, the use of specific relative effect potencies (REPs) from fish embryo assays is recommended. Based on the limited mammalian REP database for these brominated compounds, it was concluded that sufficient differentiation from the present TEF values of the chlorinated analogues (van den Berg et al., 2006) was not possible. However, the REPs for PBDDs, PBDFs, and non-ortho dl-PBBs in mammals closely follow those of the chlorinated analogues, at least within one order of magnitude. Therefore, the use of similar interim TEF values for brominated and chlorinated congeners for human risk assessment is recommended, pending more detailed information in the future.
van den Berg, Martin
Inclusion properties of volatile organic compounds in a calixarene-based organic zeolite.
The inclusion properties of a calixarene-based porous material have been studied to investigate the adsorption and the desorption of carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and water in the zeolite-like structure. Uptake and release processes have been studied both by time-resolved powder X-ray diffraction and by thermogravimetric analysis to obtain structural and kinetic information. The selected guests are able to enter the structure with an increase in the host cell volume and with time-dependent diffusivity coefficients. Chloroform molecules act as a permanent porosity switch promoting a phase transition to non-porous triclinic form. PMID:22568745
Erra, Loredana; Tedesco, Consiglia; Immediata, Ivano; Gregoli, Luisa; Gaeta, Carmine; Merlini, Marco; Meneghini, Carlo; Brunelli, Michela; Fitch, Andrew N; Neri, Placido
Solid-state NMR and computational studies of tetratolyl urea calix[4]arene inclusion compounds.
Solid-state guest dynamics of tetratolyl tetraurea calix[4]arene tetrapentylether dimeric capsules filled with different types of aromatic guests such as benzene-d6, fluorobenzene-d5 and 1,4-difluorobenzene were studied. Upon inclusion, all guest moieties revealed complexation-induced shifts varying from 2.8 ppm to 5.1 ppm. All guest molecules were shown to undergo distinct motions, ranging from mere C6-rotations of benzene-d6 to (ill-defined) 180 degrees phenyl flips of fluorobenzene-d5. In all cases, dynamic heterogeneities were identified based on 2H lineshape deconvolution. In addition, by combination of both a computed nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) map and explicit 19F and 2H ab initio DFT chemical shift calculations, the preferred orientation of the guest molecules within the host was derived. PMID:19812845
Moon, Chulsoon; Brunklaus, Gunther; Sebastiani, Daniel; Rudzevich, Yuliya; Böhmer, Volker; Spiess, Hans Wolfgang
Colorectal cancer chemoprevention by 2 beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds of auraptene and 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid.
The inhibitory effects of novel prodrugs, inclusion complexes of 3-(4'-geranyloxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-trans propenoic acid (GOFA) and auraptene (AUR) with beta-cyclodextrin (CD), on colon carcinogenesis were investigated using an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model. Male CD-1 (ICR) mice initiated with a single intraperitoneal injection of AOM (10 mg/kg body weight) were promoted by the addition of 1.5% (w/v) DSS to their drinking water for 7 days. They were then given a basal diet containing 2 dose levels (100 and 500 ppm) of GOFA/beta-CD or AUR/beta-CD for 15 weeks. At Week 18, the development of colonic adenocarcinoma was significantly inhibited by feeding with GOFA/beta-CD at dose levels of 100 ppm (63% reduction in multiplicity, p < 0.05) and 500 ppm (83% reduction in the multiplicity, p < 0.001), when compared with the AOM/DSS group (multiplicity: 3.36 +/- 3.34). In addition, feeding with 100 and 500 ppm (p < 0.01) of AUR/beta-CD suppressed the development of colonic adenocarcinomas. The dietary administration with GOFA/beta-CD and AUR/beta-CD inhibited colonic inflammation and also modulated proliferation, apoptosis and the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, such as nuclear factor-kappaB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Stat3, NF-E2-related factor 2, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1beta, which were induced in the adenocarcinomas. Our findings indicate that GOFA/beta-CD and AUR/beta-CD, especially GOFA/beta-CD, are therefore able to inhibit colitis-related colon carcinogenesis by modulating inflammation, proliferation and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mice. PMID:19688830
Tanaka, Takuji; de Azevedo, Mariangela B M; Durán, Nelson; Alderete, Joel B; Epifano, Francesco; Genovese, Salvatore; Tanaka, Mayu; Tanaka, Takahiro; Curini, Massimo
Physicochemical characterization, in vitro dissolution behavior, and pharmacodynamic studies of rofecoxib-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds. Preparation and properties of rofecoxib hydroxypropyl ?-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: A technical note
Conclusion An inclusion complex of rofecoxib and HP?-CD was prepared successfully by the spray-drying method in a molar ratio of 1?1.\\u000a The inclusion complex was found to have improved in vitro drug release compared with the pure drug. The solubility profile\\u000a of complexes of rofecoxib prepared using HP?-CD as the complexing agent in a molar ratio of 1?1 by the spray-drying
Sanjula Baboota; Mona Dhaliwal; Kanchan Kohli
Controlling the crystal morphology of one-dimensional tunnel structures: induced crystallization of alkane/urea inclusion compounds as hexagonal flat plates
We propose a general strategy for controlling the crystal morphology of tunnel inclusion compounds in order to induce crystal growth as flat plates rather than long needles. The strategy employs additive molecules designed to selectively inhibit crystal growth along the tunnel direction. The successful application of this strategy is illustrated by the induced crystallization of alkane/urea inclusion compounds as hexagonal flat-plate crystals using 5-octadecyloxyisophthalic acid as the selective crystal growth inhibitor (in the absence of inhibitor, alkane/urea crystals grow spontaneously as long hexagonal needles).
Lee, Sang-Ok; Harris, Kenneth D. M.
Multifrequency ESR study of spin labeled molecules in inclusion compounds with cyclodextrins
The molecular dynamics of spin labeled compounds included into the solid phase of cyclodextrins (CD) has been studied using conventional (X-Band) ESR at 9 GHz and high-field high-frequency (HFHF) ESR at 240 and 170GHz. The patterns of axial rotation at these higher frequencies are clear just by inspection of the spectrum, unlike the case for 9 GHz spectra. That is HFHF ESR is sensitive to molecular motion about the diffusion axis collinear with the X, Y or Z-direction of the magnetic g- and A-tensors of the nitroxide moiety (referred to respectively as X, Y or Z-rotation). For doxyl stearic acids (Z-rotation) and TEMPOyl caprylate (X-rotation) included in ?- and ?-CD's we were able to determine the rate of molecular motion and the corresponding potential barriers. We emphasize that determining the rate of Z-rotation by ESR is feasible only using HFHF ESR. For the X-rotation case we suggest that the motion of the nitroxide moiety consists of fast small-angle librations about the magnetic X-axis superimposed by rotational diffusion about the same axis. The potential barrier of 1.7 Kcal/mol for this rotational diffusion is unusually low. A fascinating feature of TEMPO derivatives included in ?-CD is the detectable molecular motion at temperatures below 77K. For the other CD – spin probe systems, we used multifrequency analysis to assign the conformations of spin-labeled molecules. A dramatic spectral change for 16-sasl in ?- and ?-CDs at ~ 260K corresponds to a tilting of the position of the nitroxide moiety on the rotating molecule relative to the long diffusion axis, while for TEMPO derivatives in ? cyclodextrin below 200K, we observe a rapid transition from fast to very slow rotational motion. More complex features are best studied by means of multifrequency ESR experiments. The visual clarity and the simplicity of analysis of the ESR spectra shown in this work should provide a benchmark for future studies of molecular motion by HFHF ESR.
Dzikovski, Boris; Tipikin, Dmitriy; Livshits, Vsevolod; Earle, Keith; Freed, Jack
Molecular mobility depending on chain length and thermally induced molecular motion of n-alkane/urea inclusion compounds
Solid-state high resolution 13C NMR was used to analyze the end group conformation and molecular mobility of n-alkanes in a urea host as a function of the carbon number of the n-alkane. It was shown that the chemical shift of the inner methylenes could be interpreted by the ?- gauche effect. Of further interest is our finding that the chemical shift of 3-methylene is independent of both chain length and temperature, a result indicating that the torsional rotation of the bond ? 3 between the 4-methylene and 5-methylene carbons is so inhibited that there is little gauche conformation. The chemical shift of the inner methylenes indicated a different tendency between the even- and the odd-numbered n-alkanes. The fact that the signals of the even-numbered n-alkanes were observed at a comparatively more upfield location than those of the odd-numbered ones indicated that the even-numbered n-alkane had a higher molecular mobility and tended to adopt a more gauche conformation. The decomposition temperature obtained by thermal analysis also suggested a difference between the even- and odd-numbered n-alkanes. The decomposition temperature of the even-numbered n-alkane/urea inclusion compounds was a little lower than that of the odd-numbered ones, a disparity corresponding to the higher molecular mobility of the n-alkane in the urea host. The spin-lattice relaxation time ( T1C) increased with increasing chain length for chains with less than the 14 carbon atoms but reached a constant value for all longer chains. This result is completely different from that for the n-alkane crystal, which gave a longer T1C depending on the chain length, and can be explained by a reduced intermolecular interaction between the n-alkane and the urea host. Clearly, T1C measurements can be applied to confirm the formation of inclusion compounds. However, the different T1C values between the methyl, 2-, 3-, and inner methylene carbons indicates that the n-alkane molecule does not rotate so fast to provide the same molecular motion. When the temperature was raised, the chemical shift of the inner methylene carbons moved upfield due to the ?- gauche effect; this shift correlated with a higher molecular mobility at the chain end.
Nakaoki, Takahiko; Nagano, Hiromasa; Yanagida, Toshinori
Design and Synthesis of the beta-Cyclodextrin Polymer with Inclusion Recognition Functionality and Its Use for the Adsorption of Some Organic Compounds.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The inclusion recognition ability of cyclodextrins (CDs), which is a model compound for enzymic action, has drawn the attention of many investigators. The specific properties of CDs are retained even if CDs are used in the form of polymers which are made ...
B. L. He X. B. Zhao
A cyclodextrin dimer as a supramolecular reaction platform for aqueous organometallic catalysis.
A reaction platform based on a cyclodextrin dimer, which is able to simultaneously include a substrate in one cavity and an organometallic catalyst into the other, proved to be highly efficient for aqueous hydroformylation reaction of higher olefins. PMID:23804025
Blaszkiewicz, Claire; Bricout, Hervé; Léonard, Estelle; Len, Christophe; Landy, David; Cézard, Christine; Djedaďni-Pilard, Florence; Monflier, Eric; Tilloy, Sébastien
Formation of a flame retardant-cyclodextrin inclusion compound and its application as a flame retardant for poly(ethylene terephthalate)
We report the formation of an inclusion compound (IC) between a commercial flame retardant (FR) and beta-cyclodextrin (CD). The FR-CD-IC was melt-processed into PET films which were tested for flammability. The flammabilities of pure PET films, PET films containing pure CD, and PET films containing FR applied from a bath and then oven-cured, were also observed. Flammabilities, as measured using
Lei Huang; Michael Gerber; Jin Lu; Alan E Tonelli
Post monitoring of a cyclodextrin remeditated chlorinated solvent contaminated aquifer
Hydroxypropyl-â-cyclodextrin (HPâCD) has been tested successfully in the laboratory and in the field for enhanced flushing of low-polarity contaminants from aquifers. The cyclodextrin molecule forms a toroidal structure, which has a hydrophobic cavity. Within this cavity, organic compounds of appropriate shape and size can form inclusion complexes, which is the basis for the use of cyclodextrin in groundwater remediation. The hydrophilic exterior of the molecule makes cyclodextrin highly water-soluble. The solubility of cyclodextrins can be further enhanced by adding functional groups, such as hydroxypropyl groups, to the cyclodextrin core. The aqueous solubility of HPâCD exceeds 950 g/L. These high solubilities are advantageous for field applications because they permit relatively high concentrations of the flushing agent. In order for cyclodextrin to become a feasible remediative alternative, it must be demonstrate a short term resistance to biodegradation during field application, but ultimately biodegrade so as not to pose a long term presence in the aquifer. The potential for degradation of cyclodextrin as well as changes in the chlorinated solvents and groundwater geochemistry were examined during the post monitoring of a field demonstration in a shallow aquifer at Little Creek Naval Amphibious Base in Virginia. It was found that a portion of the cyclodextrin remaining in the aquifer after the cessation of field activities biodegraded during the 425 days of post monitoring. This degradation also led to the degradation of the chlorinated solvents trichloroethylene and 1,1-trichloroethane through both biological and chemical processes. The aquifer remained anaerobic with average dissolved oxygen levels below 0.5 mg/L. Dissolved nitrate and sulfate concentrations within the cyclodextrin plume decreased due their being used as terminal electron acceptors during the degradation of the cyclodextrin. The concentrations of total iron at the field site showed no change over time. It can be concluded from this research that cyclodextrin remaining in the subsurface after cessation of active remediation will degrade due to microbial processes. The chlorinated solvents will also degrade through both chemical and biological processes to their daughter products. The terminal electron acceptors present within the cyclodextrin plume will also be used for energy during the degradation processes.
Blanford, W. J.
The Inclusive Classroom: How Inclusive Is Inclusion?
This paper presents the position that inclusion is limited; inclusion does not go far enough. The inclusive classroom has been assessed to be of benefit both to the teacher and student. There are, however, limits set on inclusion. In most classrooms only children with learning disability are included omitting those with severe disabilities,…
Reid, Claudette M.
Complexation with hydroxy host compounds, part 5. Structures and thermal analyses of 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ol and its inclusion compounds with water and dimethylsulphoxide
The crystal and molecular structures of the title host compound (I), C35H26O, and its inclusion complexes with water (II), C35H26O·H2O and dimethylsulphoxide (III), C35H26O·C2H6OS are reported. (I) is monoclinicC2\\/c,a = 9.725(1),b = 20.031(3),c = 26.545(3) Ĺ, ß = 90.60(1)0,V = 5170 Ĺ3,Z = 8; (II) is triclinic,\\u000a$$P\\\\bar 1$$\\u000a,a = 10.206(1),b = 10.324(2),c = 14.425(2) Ĺ, a = 101.68(1),
Susan A. Bourne; Luigi R. Nassimbeni; Margaret L. Niven; Agnieszka M. Modro
Cure and mechanical behavior of a black-filled natural rubber compound containing ground vulcanizates and model spherical inclusions
Cure and mechanical behavior of a carbon-black filled natural rubber (NR) truck tread tire composition containing cryogenically-ground vulcanizates were studied. The effects of particle size, concentration, type of matrix and particle base rubber, and particle modulus differentiated by curative level on the vulcanization, tensile, trouser tear and wear behavior were determined. Addition of ground rubber reduced maximum Oscillating Disk Rheometry (ODR) torque and scorch times. Sulfur migration was shown to occur from the matrix to the ground vulcanizate phase accounting for the maximum torque reduction. The level of migration did not depend on particle size in the range less than 1 mm as determined by ODR response, but did depend on sizes greater than 1 mm as determined by direct sulfur analysis and measurement of model sphere modulus. Evidence was provided to show migration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) from the ground rubber to the matrix results in decreased scorch time. Tensile strength decreases with addition of ground vulcanizate, however, the level of decrease depends strongly on particle modulus. Low modulus particles cause a minimal decrease in strength with little dependence of particle size, whereas higher modulus particles cause greater reductions with a larger dependence on size. The phenomenon was attributed to crack initiation and/or propagation processes. Tensile strength also has a minor dependence on sulfur migration. If sulfur depletion from the matrix is compensated, the strength increases. Observation of the fracture process of testpieces containing a single sphere ruled out the possibility that differences in crack initiation from one sphere alone causes the strong dependence of strength on particle modulus. Furthermore, in this low concentration regime of one sphere, the type of matrix rubber dictated the behavior. For natural rubber, a rubber with high tearing resistance due to its ability to crystallize, interfacial adhesion has less effect on strength. However, for styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), a rubber with lower tearing resistance, adhesion has a larger effect. The trouser tear strength increases with increasing ground vulcanizate concentration. The increase is due in large part to the change in matrix crosslink density resulting from sulfur migration. When the sulfur level was adjusted, tear strength reverted to its initial value. Particle size has a minor effect on tear strength, but causes large deviation of the crack path. It is thought that black-filled natural rubber, already having the ability to deviate a crack in the absence of the particles, does not gain great increases in tear resistance with additional deviation. Furthermore, there was little dependence of tear strength on particle modulus suggesting crack propagation alone does not cause the dependence of tensile strength on particle modulus. Wear resistance, measured with a rotary drum abrader (DIN), was found to be heavily dependent on the matrix modulus as well as the type of particle. Wear resistance decreased upon addition of ground rubber, but improved if the matrix sulfur level was increased to compensate for its depletion. Furthermore, particles of a more wear resistant SBR compound imparted improved wear resistance versus those with NR particles. It is likely the interface does not affect the wear behavior and the particles are abrading as bulk materials.
Norton, Craig Brian
We have prepared Ce-doped polycrystalline AgSbTe2.01 compounds from high-purity elements by a melt-quench technique followed by spark plasma sintering, and their thermoelectric transport properties have been investigated in the temperature range of 300 K to 625 K. The actual concentration of Ce was much less than the initial composition, but roughly proportional to it. Small additions of Ce shifted the composition of the homogeneity range from the nearly ideal atomic ratio Ag:Sb:Te = 0.98:1.02:2.01 toward Sb rich (Ag poor), and led to the reemergence of Ag2Te impurity in AgSbTe2 compound. The Ce-doped samples possessed lower electrical conductivity compared with the undoped AgSbTe2.01 compound at room temperature, but the carrier mobility and effective mass were essentially constant, indicating intact band structure near the covalent band maximum upon Ce substitution for Sb. Due to the decrease of lattice vibration anharmonicity resulting from Ce substitution for Sb, the lattice conductivity of the Ce-doped samples was about 0.1 W m-1 K-1 higher than that of the AgSbTe2.01 sample, and the magnitude spanned the range from 0.30 W m-1 K-1 to 0.55 W m-1 K-1. A ZT of 1.20 was achieved at about 615 K for the AgSb0.99Ce0.01Te2.01 sample.
Du, B.; Li, H.; Tang, X.
Recently, Cu-based chalcogenides such as Cu3SbSe4, Cu2Se, and Cu2SnSe3 have attracted much attention because of their high thermoelectric performance and their common feature of very low thermal conductivity. However, for practical use, materials without toxic elements such as selenium are preferable. In this paper, we report Se-free Cu3SbS4 thermoelectric material and improvement of its figure of merit ( ZT) by chemical substitutions. Substitutions of 3 at.% Ag for Cu and 2 at.% Ge for Sb lead to significant reductions in the thermal conductivity by 37% and 22%, respectively. These substitutions do not sacrifice the power factor, thus resulting in enhancement of the ZT value. The sensitivity of the thermal conductivity to chemical substitutions in these compounds is discussed in terms of the calculated phonon dispersion and previously proposed models for Cu-based chalcogenides. To improve the power factor, we optimize the hole carrier concentration by substitution of Ge for Sb, achieving a power factor of 16 ?W/cm K2 at 573 K, which is better than the best reported for Se-based Cu3SbSe4 compounds.
Suzumura, Akitoshi; Watanabe, Masaki; Nagasako, Naoyuki; Asahi, Ryoji
Inclusive Classrooms
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Five Standards-based strategies for successful inclusion of special-needs students in the secondary science classroom are described in this article. Use a multisensory approach; encourage collaboration among students; provide specific expectations and ass
Alexakos, Konstantinos
Design and characterization of a calixarene inclusion compound for calibration of long-range carbon-fluorine distance measurements by solid-state NMR
An inexpensive, easily synthesized calixarene:fluorotoluene host:guest inclusion complex has been designed for optimization and calibration of solid-state NMR measurements of carbon-fluorine distances using Rotational Echo DOuble Resonance (REDOR). Complexation of the fluorotoluene with the calixarene host separates the molecules such that simple two-spin behavior is observed for one site with a 4.08 Ĺ carbon-fluorine distance. Fluorotoluene dynamics within the calixarene matrix causes motional averaging of the dipolar couplings that make it possible to easily optimize REDOR experiments and test their accuracy for relatively long distance measurements (> 6.6 Ĺ). This provides a new tool for accurate REDOR measurements of long carbon-fluorine distances, which have important applications in the characterization of fluorine-containing drugs, proteins, and polymers.
Fowler, Daniel J.; Khalifah, Peter G.; Thompson, Lynmarie K.
Carbonic inclusions
The paper gives an overview of the phase relations in carbonic fluid inclusions with pure, binary and ternary mixtures of the system CO 2-CH 4-N 2, compositions, which are frequently found in geological materials. Phase transitions involving liquid, gas and solid phases in the temperature range between -192°C and 31°C are discussed and presented in phase diagrams ( PT, TX and VX projections). These diagrams can be applied for the interpretation of microthermometry data in order to determine fluid composition and molar volume (or density).
Van den Kerkhof, Alfons; Thiéry, Régis
Effect of the inclusion of chestnut in the finishing diet on volatile compounds during the manufacture of dry-cured "Lacón" from Celta pig breed.
The effect of the finishing diet on the volatile compounds throughout the manufacture of dry-cured "lacón" (a Spanish traditional meat product), from the Celta pig breed was studied. Thirty-six pigs were separated into three groups according to the type of feeding during the finish-fattening period of three months (concentrate, mixed diet and chestnut). From the pigs of each diet, four batches of dry-cured "lacón" were manufactured. From each batch, samples of fresh meat, meat after salting, after post-salting, and after 14, 28, 56 and 84 days of drying-ripening were taken. Volatiles were extracted by a purge-and-trap method and analyzed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seventy-six volatile compounds were identified and quantified from dry-cured "lacón" samples in pigs finished with chestnut, eighty-two for concentrate fed pigs and eighty in pigs fed with the mixed diet. The number of identified volatile compounds increased during the manufacturing process; at 84 days of drying-ripening, in the dry-cured "lacón" samples from pigs finished with concentrate, mixed diet and chestnut, 54, 58 and 62 volatile compounds were detected, respectively. The most abundant group of flavour compounds at the end of the manufacturing process was hydrocarbons in the three feeding systems, followed by aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. Discriminant analysis selected six variables (dodecane, butadienol, pentenol, 2-pentenal, decen-3-ona and pyridine-2-methyl) and calculated two discriminating functions which allowed verification of chestnut in the finishing diet. PMID:23911930
Lorenzo, José M; Franco, Daniel; Carballo, Javier
Specific binding of a ?-cyclodextrin dimer to the amyloid ? peptide modulates the peptide aggregation process.
Alzheimer's disease involves progressive neuronal loss. Linked to the disease is the amyloid ? (A?) peptide, a 38-43-amino acid peptide found in extracellular amyloid plaques in the brain. Cyclodextrins are nontoxic, cone-shaped oligosaccharides with a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic cavity making them suitable hosts for aromatic guest molecules in water. ?-Cyclodextrin consists of seven ?-d-glucopyranoside units and has been shown to reduce the level of fibrillation and neurotoxicity of A?. We have studied the interaction between A? and a ?-cyclodextrin dimer, consisting of two ?-cyclodextrin monomers connected by a flexible linker. The ?-cyclodextrin monomer has been found to interact with A?(1-40) at sites Y10, F19, and/or F20 with a dissociation constant (K(D)) of 3.9 ± 2.0 mM. Here (1)H-(15)N and (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear single-quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra show that in addition, the ?-cyclodextrin monomer and dimer bind to the histidines. NMR translational diffusion experiments reveal the increased affinity of the ?-cyclodextrin dimer (apparent K(D) of 1.1 ± 0.5 mM) for A?(1-40) compared to that of the ?-cyclodextrin monomer. Kinetic aggregation experiments based on thioflavin T fluorescence indicate that the dimer at 0.05-5 mM decreases the lag time of A? aggregation, while a concentration of 10 mM increases the lag time. The ?-cyclodextrin monomer at a high concentration decreases the lag time of the aggregation. We conclude that cyclodextrin monomers and dimers have specific, modulating effects on the A?(1-40) aggregation process. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the regular fibrillar aggregates formed by A?(1-40) alone are replaced by a major fraction of amorphous aggregates in the presence of the ?-cyclodextrin dimer. PMID:22554145
Wahlström, Anna; Cukalevski, Risto; Danielsson, Jens; Jarvet, Jüri; Onagi, Hideki; Rebek, Julius; Linse, Sara; Gräslund, Astrid
Inclusion and Museums: Developing Inclusive Practice
Recent policy on inclusion has had an impact on the development of museum galleries and related educational provision. Museums are used as learning organisations and, as such, need to consider how to create an inclusive environment. However, inclusive provision for people with learning difficulties in museums tends to be isolated and small scale,…
Shepherd, Hannah
Limits to Inclusion
In this article, I will argue that a theoretical identification of the limit to inclusion is needed in the conceptual identification of inclusion. On the one hand, inclusion is formulated as a vision that is, in principle, limitless. On the other hand, there seems to be an agreement that inclusion has a limit in the pedagogical practice. However,…
Hansen, Janne Hedegaard
Supporting Inclusive Practice
Written to support all teaching and learning staff in developing good inclusive practice, this book provides knowledge and understanding about a range of inclusion issues, such as what an inclusive school might look like and practical guidance on supporting the development of such a school. It also explores issues surrounding: (1) Ethnicity; (2)…
Knowles, Gianna
Inclusive Education in Bangladesh
This article reports on inclusive education in Bangladesh for children with special needs. Bangladesh is not behind other developed countries in enacting laws and declarations in favour of inclusive education, but a lack of resources is the main barrier in implementing inclusive education. Special education and integrated education models exist in…
Ahsan, Mohammad Tariq; Burnip, Lindsay
Inclusion as Professional Development
The inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms has become the preferred model of service delivery in many educational jurisdictions. The benefits of an inclusive model for students are becoming clear as the research evidence begins to accumulate. However, the authors argue, inclusion may well offer benefits for…
Stanovich, Paula J.; Jordan, Anne
Towards Inclusive Schooling
Social inclusion is the process that will enable every person in society to participate in normal activities of societies they live in, including education, employment, public services and social recreational activities. For the development of an inclusive society, preparation of younger generation also needs to be inclusive. Our schools must…
Gafoor, K. Abdul
Exploring flubendazole formulations for use in sheep. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a cyclodextrin-based solution
Background Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a poor water solubility broad-spectrum BZD methylcarbamate anthelmintic compound. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are usually used to increase aqueous solubility of poor hydrosoluble compounds. The comparative in vitro aqueous solubility of FLBZ and other BZD anthelmintics in the presence of hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin (HP?CD) was evaluated in the current work. Additionally, the comparative pharmacokinetic behaviour of FLBZ (and its metabolites) administered by the intraruminal (i.r.) or intraabomasal (i.a.) routes to sheep as either an aqueous CDs-based solution or a conventional carboximethylcellulose (CMC) suspension was assessed. Drug solubility studies involving albendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole and FLBZ were performed in an aqueous solution (pH 1.2 or 7.4) with or without HP?CD (10%, w/v). The pharmacokinetic study involved two experiments. Experiment 1: In a crossover study, sheep received either a FLBZ-CDs solution (n = 3) or a FLBZ-CMC suspension (n = 3) by the i.r. route (3.8?mg/kg). The treatment Groups were reversed after a 21-days washout period. Experiment 2: sheep (n = 4) were treated by the i.a. route with the FLBZ-CDs solution (3.8?mg/kg). Plasma and abomasal fluid samples were collected between 0 and 72?h post-treatment. Samples were analysed by HPLC. Results Improvement of FLBZ aqueous solubility due to CDs resulted markedly higher than that observed for mebendazole and albendazole. However, oppositely to what was expected, the absorption-related pharmacokinetic parameters did not show any marked formulation-dependant effect. After the i.a. administration of FLBZ, the AUC and the Tmax of the parent compound were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, which is consistent with ruminal bypass. Conclusion The administration of FLBZ as a CDs-based solution, does not seem to achieve great practical relevance for parasite control in sheep.
Understanding Inclusion in Cyprus
This paper provides a framework for understanding inclusion in Cyprus. The evidence base is the result of a six-month qualitative research study in five Cypriot mainstream primary schools. Despite the rhetoric in favour of inclusion, it seems that the Cypriot educational system is still highly segregating in its philosophy and does not fully…
Mamas, Christoforos
Handbook for Successful Inclusion.
This manual is intended to help regular and special educators and related professionals to better serve special learners in inclusive settings through identifying practical strategies for the classroom and school, and techniques for overcoming barriers to inclusion. The manual is written in a question-and-answer format. The first chapter addresses…
Kochhar, Carol A.; West, Lynda L.
Resources on Inclusive Education.
This information packet is intended for use by teachers, parents, administrators, therapists, advocates, and others interested in achieving inclusive educational opportunities for students with disabilities. Part I provides reprints of selected readings, including: "Sample Case Studies of Inclusive Education" (Janet Duncan); "Public Schools…
Hulgin, Kathy, Ed.
Conclusions on Inclusion
An inclusion classroom is defined as one that is tasked with mainstreaming special education students into a population of general education students. In this brief article, the author, a high school mathematics teacher, shares his personal experiences in teaching in an inclusion classroom. A primary focus is his relationship with the special…
Fink, John
Inclusive Mathematics Classrooms
In this article, the author explores the theme of inclusion. Inclusion is one of the themes within the recent Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) publication: "Engaging mathematics for all learners" and the author had the good fortune to participate in this project. This involved working with five schools which, frivolously, all had a…
Ollerton, Mike
Formation, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Solution Stability of an [Fe4S4]2+ Cluster Derived from a ?-Cyclodextrin Dithiolate
The formation and solution properties, including stability in mixed aqueous-Me2SO media, have been investigated for an [Fe4S4]2+ cluster derived from a ?-cyclodextrin (CD) dithiolate. Clusters of the type [Fe4S4(SAr)4]2? (Ar = Ph, C6H4-3-F) are generated in Me2SO by redox reactions of [Fe4S4(SEt)4]2? with 2 equiv of ArSSAr. An analogous reaction with the intramolecular disulfide of 6A,6D-(3-NHCOC6H4-1-SH)2-6A,6D-dideoxy-?-cyclodextrin (14), whose synthesis is described, affords a completely substituted cluster formulated as [Fe4S4{?-CD-(3-NHCOC6H4-1-S)2}2]2? (15). Ligand binding is indicated by a circular dichroism spectrum and also by UV/visible and isotropically shifted 1H NMR spectra and redox behavior convincingly similar to [Fe4S4(SPh)4]2?. One formulation of 15 is a single cluster to which two dithiolates are bound, each in bidentate coordination. There being no proven precedent for this binding mode, we show that the cluster [Fe4S4(S2-m-xyl)2]2? is a single cubane whose m-xylyldithiolate ligands are bound in a bidentate arrangement. This same structure type was proposed for a cluster formulated as [Fe4S4{?-CD-(1,3-SC6H4-S)2}2]2? (16; Kuroda et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4049–4050) and reported to be water-stable. Clusters 15 and 16 are derived from a similar ligands differing only in the spacer group between the thiolate binding site and the CD platform. In our search for clusters stable in aqueous or organic-aqueous mixed solvents that are potential candidates for reconstitution of scaffold proteins implicated in cluster biogenesis, 15 is the most stable cluster we have thus far encountered under anaerobic conditions in the absence of added ligand.
Lo, Wayne; Zhang, Ping; Ling, Chang-Chun; Huang, Shaw; Holm, R. H.
Magnetic Inclusions in Diamonds
Iron sulfide inclusions in diamonds may provide a new source of paleointensity data from key geological intervals. Pyrrhotite and monosulfide solid solutions (Mss between FeS and NiS, and with minor Cu) are the primary mineral inclusions in diamonds [Deines and Harris, 1995]. Through the courtesy of DeBeers we have obtained eleven diamonds from the Orapa kimberlite pipe (intruded at 92 Ma) in Botswana. The diamonds are all octahedra with slightly rounded or rounded edges and have diameters ranging between 2 and 4 mm. Average mass is 0.03734 grams. The diamonds have abundant internal metallic black disc or rosette fracture systems in the centers of which lie the opaque sulfide inclusions which are 20-50 microns in size. The inclusions are strongly magnetic. The magnetic moments range from 0.8 to 13 x 10-5Am2. This corresponds to minimum estimates of the remanent magnetization of the inclusions of 1 to 8 x10-2Am2/kg (based on estimated masses of the inclusions). The stability of the inclusions' magnetizations is remarkable given the large size of the inclusions (larger than the single-domain grain size of pyrrhotite). Progressive alternating field demagnetization of the natural remanent magnetization yields well-defined magnetization components that demagnetize with peak field values of 90 mT or higher. Isothermal remanent magnetizations saturate in fields of 0.2 to 0.8 Tesla. The strong remanent magnetizations and low coercivities are consistent with a sulfide remanence carrier. Ongoing experiments using thermal demagnetization of orthogonal isothermal remanent magnetizations, hysteresis loop measurements and low temperature measurements, will further constrain the role of iron sulfides as the carrier of these magnetizations. These results will determine if sulfide inclusions in diamonds may provide much needed paleointensity data from the Cretaceous and late Proterozoic. Deines, P. and Harris, J. W. (1995). Sulfide inclusion chemistry and carbon isotopes of African diamonds: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, p. 3173-3188.
Clement, B. M.; Haggerty, S. E.; Harris, J. W.
Inclusion Body Myositis
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of rare disorders that share many similarities. These include dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), necrotizing myopathy (NM), and sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM). Inclusion body myositis is the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy after age 50 and it presents with chronic proximal leg and distal arm asymmetric mucle weakness. Despite similarities with PM, it is likely that IBM is primarily a degenerative disorder rather than an inflammatory muscle disease. Inclusion body myositis is associated with a modest degree of creatine kinase (CK) elevation and an abnormal electromyogram demonstrating an irritative myopathy with some chronicity. The muscle histopathology demonstrates inflammatory exudates surrounding and invading nonnecrotic muscle fibers often times accompanied by rimmed vacuoles. In this chapter, we review sporadic IBM. We also examine past, essentially negative, clinical trials in IBM and review ongoing clinical trials. For further details on DM, PM, and NM, the reader is referred to the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies chapter.
Dimachkie, Mazen M.; Barohn, Richard J.
Positive Inclusion Experiences.
This guide focuses on the use of low-end technology to make education more inclusive for children and adolescents with disabilities. The definition of "assistive technology" is discussed, and low-end technology is defined as simple modification/adaptation of toys and games, design and construction of simple switching devices, and the adaptation/…
Ensign, Arselia, Ed.
Education for Inclusion
Poverty can be both a consequence of, and contributory factor to, educational exclusion. This paper argues that poverty and exclusion are multidimensional. They require a multisectoral and multilevel approach in education if the most vulnerable sectors of society are to benefit from initiatives to turn exclusion into inclusion. This paper also…
Preece, Julia
Peer Tutoring for Inclusion
Peer tutoring is a pedagogical technique that has promise to improve outcomes for students with a disability within existing resource constraints. Published empirically-based papers on peer-tutoring were descriptively analysed. Synthesis of these studies revealed that peer tutoring is effective in inclusive physical education contexts. Evidence…
Temple, Viviene A.; Lynnes, Michelle D.
Optimization of inclusive fitness.
The first fully explicit argument is given that broadly supports a widespread belief among whole-organism biologists that natural selection tends to lead to organisms acting as if maximizing their inclusive fitness. The use of optimization programs permits a clear statement of what this belief should be understood to mean, in contradistinction to the common mathematical presumption that it should be formalized as some kind of Lyapunov or even potential function. The argument reveals new details and uncovers latent assumptions. A very general genetic architecture is allowed, and there is arbitrary uncertainty. However, frequency dependence of fitnesses is not permitted. The logic of inclusive fitness immediately draws together various kinds of intra-genomic conflict, and the concept of 'p-family' is introduced. Inclusive fitness is thus incorporated into the formal Darwinism project, which aims to link the mathematics of motion (difference and differential equations) used to describe gene frequency trajectories with the mathematics of optimization used to describe purpose and design. Important questions remain to be answered in the fundamental theory of inclusive fitness. PMID:16046225
Grafen, Alan
This paper explores inclusive research design (IRD) as an integral component in what we term community partnership research in the information management and systems field. It aims to unravel the challenges and complexities of the double hermeneutic spiral associated with designing and doing this type of research in order to identify principles and processes appropriate to the engagement of all
Sue McKemmish; Frada Burstein; Rosetta Manaszewicz; Julie Fisher; Joanne Evans
Penile Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
We report a case of epidermal inclusion cyst in a 32-year-old male. This was a complication of circumcision that was neglected over years to form stones and urethrocutaneous fistula. Complete excision of the cyst and repair of the fistula were performed successfully. Histopathological examination confirmed our diagnosis.
El-Shazly, M.; Ghobashy, A.; Allam, A.; Alenezy, T.; Alenezy, N.; Yordanov, E.; Hathout, B.; Albunnai, R.
Penile epidermal inclusion cyst.
We report a case of epidermal inclusion cyst in a 32-year-old male. This was a complication of circumcision that was neglected over years to form stones and urethrocutaneous fistula. Complete excision of the cyst and repair of the fistula were performed successfully. Histopathological examination confirmed our diagnosis. PMID:22693677
El-Shazly, M; Ghobashy, A; Allam, A; Alenezy, T; Alenezy, N; Yordanov, E; Hathout, B; Albunnai, R
Building Inclusive Schools. [Videotapes.
This set of four short videocassettes promotes the use of promising practices advocating fully inclusive education for students with diverse learning abilities in their neighborhood schools. The first video, titled "Seven Steps to Problem Solving," presents a problem-solving process that empowers teams to work together to meet diverse students'…
Kansas Univ., Parsons. Schiefelbusch Inst. for Life Span Studies.
Raising Achievement through Inclusion
In 2007, Swedish authorities introduced open publication of comparisons of students' results at the end of compulsory school. In this study, we investigated a municipality that had succeeded in breaking a negative trend from a bottom position in the ranking in 2007 to a top position in 2010, apparently through inclusive practices. The purpose…
Persson, Elisabeth
A newly synthesized compound, 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid-N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester suppresses inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis in male mice.
We previously reported the cancer chemopreventive activity of 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid (GOFA, Miyamoto et al., Nutr Cancer 2008; 60:675-84) and a ?-cyclodextrin inclusion compound of GOFA (Tanaka et al., Int J Cancer 2010; 126:830-40) in colitis-related colorectal carcinogenesis. In our study, the chemopreventive effects of a newly synthesized GOFA-containing compound, GOFA-N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which inhibits inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX) enzymes, were investigated using a colitis-associated mouse colorectal carcinogenesis model with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The dietary administration of GOFA-L-NAME after the AOM and DSS treatments significantly reduced the multiplicity of adenocarcinomas (inhibition rates: 100 ppm, 84%, p?0.001; 500 ppm, 94%, p?0.001) compared with the AOM?+?DSS group. Dietary GOFA-L-NAME significantly decreased the proliferation (p?0.001) and increased the apoptosis (p?0.001) of colonic adenocarcinoma cells. A subsequent short-term experiment revealed that dietary GOFA-L-NAME decreased the mRNA expression of inflammatory enzymes, such as iNOS and COX-2, and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-?, interleukin (IL)-1?, IL-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 in the colonic mucosa of mice that received 1.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days. Our findings indicate that GOFA-L-NAME is able to inhibit colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis by modulating inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mice. PMID:24474144
Shimizu, Masahito; Kochi, Takahiro; Shirakami, Yohei; Genovese, Salvatore; Epifano, Francesco; Fiorito, Serena; Mori, Takayuki; Tanaka, Takuji; Moriwaki, Hisataka
Cyclodextrin formation by the thermostable alpha-amylase of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes EM1 and reclassification of the enzyme as a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase.
Extensive characterization of the thermostable alpha-amylase of Clostridium thermosulfurogenes EM1, recently reclassified as Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes, clearly demonstrated that the enzyme is a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase). Product analysis after incubation of the enzyme with starch revealed formation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins, as well as linear sugars. The specific activity for cyclization of this CGTase was similar to those of other CGTases, whereas the specific activity for hydrolysis was relatively high in comparison with other CGTases. Alignment of the amino acid sequence of the T. thermosulfurigenes enzyme with sequences from known bacterial CGTases showed high homology. The four consensus regions of carbohydrate-converting enzymes, as well as a C-terminal raw-starch binding motif, could be identified in the sequence.
Wind, R D; Liebl, W; Buitelaar, R M; Penninga, D; Spreinat, A; Dijkhuizen, L; Bahl, H
Making Inclusion Work
Inclusion is an oft-used buzzword in education. It is also a concept that the author highly values and wants to be a part of her teaching. She feels she would not be teaching to her potential if she was not able to reach all students. She truly wants a classroom in which all children have access. The author was a Sure Start teacher at a U.S.…
Villa, Jennifer; Colker, Laura
Radiogenic isotopes in fluid inclusions
Radiogenic isotopes studied in fluid inclusions are still a limited field, with great potential for expansion as analytical techniques improve. The main limitation for Sr, Ar and He isotope work is the very small number of radiogenic atoms produced in a typical fluid inclusion. The requirements to analysts are correspondingly high. Examples show that isotopic tracing on fluid inclusion fluids
Igor M. Villa
The Relationship between School Culture and Inclusion: How an Inclusive Culture Supports Inclusive Education.
Analyzes the educational practices that contribute to the success of a model inclusion program at the Connolly Elementary School focusing on the school culture. Identifies three components of the Connolly school culture that contributed to the success of inclusion. Suggests that a school's culture should be understood when implementing inclusion.…
Zollers, Nancy J.; Ramanathan, Arun K.; Yu, Moonset
Inclusive and Exclusive |Vub|
SciTech Connect
The current status of the determinations of CKM matrix element |V{sub ub}| via exclusive and inclusive charmless semileptonic B decays is reviewed. The large datasets collected at the B-Factories, and the increased precision of theoretical calculations have allowed an improvement in the determination of |V{sub ub}|. However, there are still significant uncertainties. In the exclusive approach, the most precise measurement of the pion channel branching ratio is obtained by an untagged analysis. This very good precision can be reached by tagged analyses with more data. The problem with exclusive decays is that the strong hadron dynamics can not be calculated from first principles and the determination of the form factor has to rely on light-cone sum rules or lattice QCD calculations. The current data samples allow a comparison of different FF models with data distributions. With further developments on lattice calculations, the theoretical error should shrink to reach the experimental one. The inclusive approach still provides the most precise |V{sub ub}| determinations. With new theoretical calculations, the mild (2.5{sigma}) discrepancy with respect to the |V{sub ub}| value determined from the global UT fit has been reduced. As in the exclusive approach, theoretical uncertainties represent the limiting factor to the precision of the measurement. Reducing the theoretical uncertainties to a level comparable with the statistical error is challenging. New measurements in semileptonic decays of charm mesons could increase the confidence in theoretical calculations and related uncertainties.
Petrella, Antonio; /Ferrara U. /INFN, Ferrara
Perspectives of Teachers toward Inclusive School Programs.
A study compared perspectives of 78 teachers in inclusive schools and 84 teachers in non-inclusive schools. The inclusion teachers had significantly more positive perspectives regarding inclusion. The groups differed regarding how well prepared their school was for inclusion, concern with teachers' roles, and concern with the effect of inclusion.…
McLeskey, James; Waldron, Nancy L.; So, Tak-shing H.; Swanson, Kristin; Loveland, Tracy
Inclusive Jets in PHP
Differential inclusive-jet cross sections have been measured in photoproduction for boson virtualities Q^2 < 1 GeV^2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 300 pb^-1. Jets were identified in the laboratory frame using the k_T, anti-k_T or SIScone jet algorithms. Cross sections are presented as functions of the jet pseudorapidity, eta(jet), and the jet transverse energy, E_T(jet). Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations give a good description of the measurements, except for jets with low E_T(jet) and high eta(jet). The cross sections have the potential to improve the determination of the PDFs in future QCD fits. Values of alpha_s(M_Z) have been extracted from the measurements based on different jet algorithms. In addition, the energy-scale dependence of the strong coupling was determined.
Roloff, P.
Inclusive and Exclusive Quasifree
The majority of the yield when an energetic nucleon interacts with the nucleus arises from quasifree scattering (QFS) collisions between the projectile and one of the constituent nucleons of the target. This has been the tacit assumption in many recent studies of inclusive (p,p ^') and (p,n) reactions, although detailed tests of this hypothesis have not been performed. Differences in the scattering observables between free NN scattering and QFS may provide a probe to help understand how the nuclear medium affects bound nucleon properties. Studies of the (p,p^' ) reaction primarily probe the isoscalar nuclear response whereas the (p,n) reaction is uniquely sensitive to the isovector response. We have measured inclusive (p,p^ ') and (p,n) and exclusive (p,2p) and (p,np) differential cross sections and analyzing powers from ^2H, ^{12 }C, and ^{40}Ca targets. These inclusive and exclusive data, acquired at 200 MeV incident proton energy, were measured concurrently to minimize possible systematic errors in their inter-comparison. In order to make np coincident measurements feasible, a large solid angle/efficiency neutron detector was designed and built. The central angle of the neutron detector, and hence the ejectile nucleon, was 30^circ . This angle was chosen to study the response at a momentum transfer of ~1.5 fm ^{-1}, to be compatible with earlier (p,p^') and (p,2p) QFS experiments. The associated nucleon was detected in a large solid angle array of NaI, enabling studies of the exclusive yields over roughly half the phase space expected for QFS. The missing mass resolution of this two arm detector system was sufficient to allow study of the strongly excited hole states for targets up to A = 40. By comparing inclusive to integrated exclusive cross sections, we can better test the assumptions of simple QFS and to what extent more complicated reaction dynamics such as multinucleon knockout and cluster knockout contribute to the yields. These data can be compared to various reaction models to test our understanding of the strong final state interactions as well as more fundamental predictions such as the QF peak position, width, energy and angle dependence. Exclusive cross section data impose an even stricter requirement on the reaction models. Measurements of the analyzing powers can be utilized to distinguish between various theoretical models. Relativistic dynamics calculations, for instance, predict strong suppression of the analysing powers with respect to free-space NN values. This has been suggested as a clear 'signature' of the importance of relativistic dynamics. Furthermore, these data may also be employed to compare between various reaction models such as the pseudoscalar/pseudovector ambiguity in the pi-N coupling vertex.
Carman, Daniel Scott
Enacting Inclusion : A Framework for Interrogating Inclusive Practice
This study reports on the development and use of an analytical framework for interrogating the practice of newly qualified mainstream teachers recently graduated from a one-year Professional Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) that was informed by a concept of inclusive pedagogy. Inclusive pedagogy is an approach to teaching and learning that…
Florian, Lani; Spratt, Jennifer
Practical application of thermodynamics to inclusions engineering in steel
The present work briefly outlines thermodynamic databases of oxide solutions relevant to slags and inclusions in steelmaking processes and steel products, and reviews their application particularly to inclusions engineering. This paper then presents recent work on control of inclusions chemistry and phases in liquid steel, during solidification, and in solid steel by employing a computational thermodynamic technique and practical experiments. The system of the present study consists of metallic steel (Fe C Si Mn Al Ti Mg O S), non-metallic oxides (Fe Si Mn Al Ti Ca Mg O S), and various compounds. It is demonstrated that theoretical predictions are in a striking agreement with experimental results on change in composition and phase of inclusions subjected to a number of different thermal and chemical conditions.
Kang, Youn-Bae; Kim, Han S.; Zhang, Jian; Lee, Hae-Geon
Capillary gas chromatography using a ?-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction.
The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a ?-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The optimization was performed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) in order to select and compare optimal experimental conditions. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calculated calibration curves showed good linearity range up to 0.1?g/mL for all tested analytes. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.002-0.008?g/mL and the coefficient of variability was between 1.0 and 3.9%. The method has the advantage of achieving excellent precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions while detection by MS allows for the identity of analytes to be confirmed in a single analysis. The method was therefore applied satisfactory to MAMP analysis. PMID:24816508
P?otka, Justyna M; Simeonov, Vasil; Morrison, Calum; Biziuk, Marek; Namie?nik, Jacek
Na-diclofenac ? -cyclodextrin inclusion complex on cotton wound dressing
This paper deals with the production of a wound dressing capable of releasing sodium diclofenac as a drug for curing inflammations. Sodium diclofenac was used as an inclusion compound with ? -cyclodextrin and then attached to the cotton wound dressing by a cross-linking agent, namely, dimethyl dihydroxyl ethylene urea (DMDHEU). Here some analyses were performed such as UV spectrophotometry and
Majid Montazer; Ehsan Bigdeli Mehr
ITE Students' Attitudes to Inclusion
This article reports a study of initial teacher education students' attitudes to inclusion. The cohort investigated was the entire secondary Postgraduate Certificate of Education intake at a university that attracts many of its students from the local region. The study locates these findings among UK policy initiatives for inclusion, and makes…
Richards, Gillian; Clough, Peter
Fluid Inclusions in Carbonaceous Chondrites
Fluid inclusions are present in carbonaceous chondrites. Of the chondrites studied (CI1, CM1 and 2, CV3) fluid inclusions were found only in CM2s and CI1s, and by extrapolation are most likely to be found there in the future. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
Saylor, J.; Zolensky, M. E.; Bodnar, R. J.; Le L.; Schwandt, C.
Quality in Inclusive Preschool Classrooms
Research Findings: Quality of care for preschool children in inclusive and noninclusive classrooms was examined in two studies. In Study 1, comparisons across a large sample of classrooms (N = 1, 313) showed that inclusive classrooms were higher than noninclusive classrooms in global quality as well as on two dimensions of quality…
Hestenes, Linda L.; Cassidy, Deborah J.; Shim, Jonghee; Hegde, Archana V.
Building Inclusive Cities and Communities
Canada prides itself on being an inclusive country. Immigrants from all over the world arrive in Canada's cities with their families because they feel welcome and safe. According to research, engagement towards social inclusion increased among Canadians during the last 30 last years. These changing values resulted in the creation of official…
Freiler, Christa
Social Inclusion and Metrolingual Practices
In this paper, we explore the implications of metrolingual language practices for how we understand social inclusion. A vision of social inclusion that includes bi- and multilingual capacities may comprise an appreciation of a diversity of languages other than English, and the skills and capabilities of multilingual language users, yet it is all…
Otsuji, Emi; Pennycook, Alastair
Interface of Nanoscale Inclusion Chemistry.
This review presents a selected review of nanoscale inclusion chemistry using 3-D periodic hosts with an emphasis on optical properties. Inclusion chemistry is defined in the context of the above discussion as the interaction between a 3-D host surfaces w...
G. D. Stucky
The infidelity of melt inclusions?
Melt inclusions provide important information about magmatic systems and represent unique records of magma composition and evolution. However, it is also clear that melt inclusions do not necessarily constitute a petrological 'magic bullet', and potential exists for trapped melt compositions to be modified by a range of inclusion-specific processes. These include trapping of diffusional boundary layers, crystallization of the host mineral after trapping and dissolution of co-trapped minerals during homogenization, diffusional exchange between trapped liquid and the host mineral and external melt, and cryptic alteration of trapped material during weathering or hydrothermal alteration. It clearly important to identify when melt inclusions are unmodified, and which compositional indices represent the most robust sources of petrogenetic information. In this presentation I review and discuss various approaches for evaluating compositions and compositional variations in inclusion suites. An overriding principle is that the variations evident in melt inclusions should be able to be understood in terms of petrological processes that are known, or can be reasonably inferred to also effect bulk magma compositions. One common approach is to base petrological conclusions on species that should be more robust, and many workers use variations in incompatible trace elements for this purpose. However important information may also be obtained from a comparison of variations in melt inclusions and the lavas that host them, and in most cases this comparison is the key to identifying inclusions and suites that are potentially suspect. Comparisons can be made between individual inclusions and lavas, although comparison of average inclusion composition and the host lava, after correction for differences in crystal fractionation, may also be valuable. An important extension of this is the comparison of the variability of different species in inclusions and host lavas. This also provides a means to directly test for effects of inclusion-specific processes through comparison between variance and diffusivity, partition coefficient or other parameters believed to drive compositional changes. Another test that is becoming more accessible is the direct comparison of trace element compositions of inclusions and host minerals, coupled with known element partitioning behavior.
Kent, A. J.
Measurement of organic compounds in Karaha- Telaga Bodas and Coso fluid inclusions shows there are strong relationships between H2 concentrations and alkane\\/alkene ratios and benzene concentrations. Inclusion analyses that indicate H2 concentrations > 0.001 mol % typically have ethane > ethylene, propane > propylene, and butane > butylene. There are three end member fluid compositions: type 1 fluids in which
David I. Norman; Joseph N. Moore
Identification of cyclodextrin inclusion complex of chlorogenic acid and its antimicrobial activity
Chlorogenic acid is an important bioactive compound which is unstable under ambient conditions. In this work, chlorogenic acid was extracted from tobacco leaf and purified by high performance liquid chromatography. ?-Cyclodextrin (?-CD) was used to form inclusion complex with chlorogenic acid. Analyses of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of inclusion complex
Mouming Zhao; Haiyan Wang; Bao Yang; Hong Tao
An order-disorder ferroelectric host-guest inclusion compound.
The host-guest complex [(DIPA)([18]crown-6)](ClO4) (1; DIPA=2,6-diisopropylanilinium) was constructed and found to undergo a sequence of phase transitions (Ibam-Pbcn-Pna21) at T1=278?K and T2=132?K, respectively. Systematic characterizations, such as differential scanning calorimetry, heat capacity, temperature-dependent dielectric constant, and P-E hysteresis loop, reveal that the centrosymmetric-to-polar phase transition at T2 is a paraelectric-to-ferroelectric transition. The symmetry breaking was also confirmed by temperature-dependent second-harmonic generation effect and X-ray powder diffraction. The ferroelectric mechanism is attributable to the linear motion of the perchlorate counterions accompanied by the order-disorder transition of the [18]crown-6 molecules and the anions. PMID:24497326
Zhang, Yi; Ye, Heng-Yun; Fu, Da-Wei; Xiong, Ren-Gen
Inclusive Tritium Stripping Reaction Theory
The angular and energy distributions and the integrated cross-section of the inclusive two-nucleon transfer reaction with the participation of three-nucleon nucleus were calculated at intermediate energies.
Akhiezer, A. I.; Soznik, A. P.; Berezhnoy, Yu. A.
Inclusion bodies: a new concept
In the last decades, the understanding of inclusion body biology and consequently, of their properties and potential biotechnological applications have dramatically changed. Therefore, the development of new purification protocols aimed to preserve those properties is becoming a pushing demand.
Elena García-Fruitós
Semi-inclusive DIS: Factorization
In this talk, we will present a QCD factorization theorem for the semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering with hadrons in the current fragmentation region detected at low transverse momentum. There has been considerable experimental and theoretical interest in semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes. For example, by studying the polarized and unpolarized SIDIS, one will be able to identify
Yuan; Feng
Innovation for an Inclusive Future
This workshop will focus on setting the agenda for research, practice and policy in support of inclusive design for third generation computer-based products. The next generation of technology represents an unprecedented opportunity to improve the quality of life for groups of users who have previously faced exclusion, such as those with impairments and older citizens. At the same time it risks creating a greater digital divide and further exclusion. How we approach design for this new generation will determine whether or not the third wave will provide positive advances towards an inclusive digital world. We therefore need to put forward both a rationale for inclusive design and provide pointers towards technical development and design practice in support of inclusion. It is our belief that there is not only a strong moral case for design for inclusion but also significant commercial incentive, which may be key to persuading influential players to focus on inclusion. Therefore one of our key objectives is to describe and promote the advantages of designing 'in from the edges' of the user population rather than designing for a notional 'average' user.
Springett, Mark; Rice, Mark; Carmichael, Alex; Griffiths, Richard
Inclusion complexes of ?-cyclodextrin and the cisplatin analogues oxaliplatin, carboplatin and nedaplatin: A theoretical approach
Quantum mechanics theoretical methodology has been applied in order to access and compare the relative stability of inclusion compounds formed by ?-CD and the platinum (II) based drugs carboplatin, oxaliplatin and nedaplatin. The relative stability of the studied inclusion compounds has been discussed based on the number and type of hydrogen bonds identified between host and guest molecules. The evaluated energies at B3LYP/6-31G ? level of theory strongly indicates that ?-CD forms stable supramolecular systems with all studied cisplatin analogues, being the carboplatin@?-CD found as the most favorable inclusion complex among the platinum (II) derivatives studied in the present paper.
Anconi, Cleber P. A.; da Silva Delgado, Luciano; Alves dos Reis, Joăo B.; De Almeida, Wagner B.; Costa, Luiz Antônio S.; Dos Santos, Hélio F.
The Infidelity of Melt Inclusions?
Melt inclusions are routinely used as evidence of magmatic compositions prior to volcanic eruptions. However, it has long been known that kinetic processes can modify melt inclusion compositions during trapping. We investigated the fidelity of melt inclusions as records of magmatic compositions by artificially creating melt inclusions through crystallization of plagioclase and clinopyroxene from a hawaiitic basalt bulk composition at 1.0 GPa, 1150 °C, or 75 °C undercooling. We compared melt inclusion compositions to those of melts 100's of ?m away from the crystals and found measurable differences in the compositions. We modeled the concentration profiles of Al, Fe, P, S, and Cl in front of the crystals using classical impurity rejection theory during growth at a constant rate followed by a growth hiatus during which diffusive relaxation occurred. The values of the growth rates and times were constrained by measured crystal sizes and the experimental duration. The diffusion coefficients for the elements investigated were either calculated from transition state theory (Al, Fe) or measured in the same bulk composition as that used for this study (S and Cl from the literature, new measurements for P). An envelope of models bracket the observed compositional profiles of the elements studied and predict enrichments, or depletions, at the crystal-melt interface that are quantitatively similar to those seen in the melt inclusions. The differences between the melt far from the crystals and that at the interface are only 20% (relative) for the major elements, Al, Fe, but are about 50% for S and Cl and can exceed 100% for P. These differences correlate with the relative chemical diffusion coefficients of these ions in the melt. Based upon these experiments and models we advise caution in the use of melt inclusions as indicators of pre-eruptive melt compositions.
Baker, D. R.; Freda, C.
Inclusion 101: How To Teach All Learners.
This book is designed to help educators provide effective instruction to students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms. Chapters address: (1) the concepts of inclusive society, schools, classrooms and services; (2) legal foundations for inclusion and government support for education; (3) the qualities of inclusive schools and classrooms; (4)…
Bauer, Anne M.; Shea, Thomas M.
Membranous Inclusions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Electron microscopy of sectioned cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with a double fixative in N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulfonic acid revealed a number of membranous inclusions varying in size and morphology. One round, electron transparent form was frequently observed which did not routinely appear to be attached to the cytoplasmic membrane and varied in size from 120 to 300 nm in diameter. However, in one case, several tubular structures between an inclusion and the cytoplasmic membrane was observed. On rare occasions, a large and unusual multilayered inclusion consisting of three thick and distinct layers was also encountered. In addition, two small mesosomal structures were singly observed in cells and were situated proximal to the cytoplasmic membrane. One type appeared to consist of a single thin membrane, whereas the other type consisted of a delicate, multilayered structure. Images
Carrick, Lee; Berk, Richard S.
Special Teaching for Special Children? Pedagogies for Inclusion. Inclusive Education
Some special needs groups (for example dyslexia) have argued strongly for the need for particular specialist approaches. In contrast, many proponents of inclusion have argued that "good teaching is good teaching for all" and that all children benefit from similar approaches. Both positions fail to scrutinise this issue rigorously and coherently,…
Lewis, Ann, Ed.; Norwich, Brahm, Ed.
The Contours of Inclusion: Inclusive Arts Teaching and Learning
The purpose of this publication is to share models and case examples of the process of inclusive arts curriculum design and evaluation. The first section explains the conceptual and curriculum frameworks that were used in the analysis and generation of the featured case studies (i.e. Understanding by Design, Differentiated Instruction, and…
Glass, Don; Henderson, Bill; Barnum, Leah; Kronenberg, Deborah; Blair, Kati; Jenkins, Richard; Hurel, Nicole Agois
Doing Research Inclusively: Bridges to Multiple Possibilities in Inclusive Research
This article reports on a study of how people do research that matters to people with learning disabilities and that involves them and their views and experiences. The study was an attempt to bring together people doing inclusive research so that, collectively, we could take stock of our practices. This would add to the individual reports and…
Nind, Melanie; Vinha, Hilra
The Inclusion of Music/the Music of Inclusion
The intention of this paper is to situate music within inclusive education. Intersections of music--widely regarded as a "talent" or hyperability--and disability provide unique perspectives on social organisation in general and human valuation in particular. Music is a ubiquitous and an essential component of learning beginning in infancy.…
Lubet, Alex
Selective inclusion crystallization of phenol derivatives with tetraalkylammonium salts
The structures of four inclusion compounds of alkylammonium bromides with phenol derivatives are reported. Crystal data: (1) H1c. G4, monoclinic, P21\\/m with a = 5.5388(4), b = 7.4464(9), c = 32.421(5) Ĺ, ? = 92.43°, Z = 2, DC = 1.24 g cm, R = 0.082 for 1556 observed reflections. (2) H1c. G2b, monoclinic, P21\\/m with a = 11.154(2), b
Fumio Toda; Koichi Tanaka; Toru Okada; Susan A. Bourne; Luigi R. Nassimbeni
Towards Inclusion: An Australian Perspective
This article outlines the views of the Australian Special Education Principals' Association (ASEPA) on inclusion and the impact this is having on Australian Government Schools from a school based perspective. ASEPA is a relatively young association and was formed in 1997 out of the need to put forward the case to support students with special…
Forbes, Fiona
Special education, inclusion and democracy
Initially, it is pointed out that adherents of a psycho?medical perspective often suggest exclusive solutions to special educational dilemmas and that such theorizing has been heavily attacked in past decades. However, it is argued that opposition of the psycho?medical understanding of special education runs the risk of blurring differences between researchers and practitioners who are more positive about inclusion. One
Claes Nilholm
Managing Special and Inclusive Education
This book is a guide to special and inclusive education and provides a comprehensive overview of this complex field. Author Stephen Rayner examines context, policy, and practice, and shows how to successfully navigate the managerial challenges involved, while contributing to the way forward through leadership in a diverse field. The author…
Rayner, Steve G.
Inclusion Body Anemia with Pigmenturia.
Congential inclusion body anemia with abnormal pigment metabolism is a rare form of hemolytic anemia. Criteria for diagnosis of this anemia consist of (1) the presence of a hemolytic anemia since birth or early choldhood, (2) the presence of numerous larg...
T. W. Sheehy
Developing Movement as Inclusive Pedagogy
This article details the emergence of a training framework to support professional development in inclusive Movement teaching. This arose from a collaborative research project in spring 2008 (supported by the Training and Development Agency, UK), between two universities in England and Israel. Movement education is surprisingly underused globally,…
Peter, Melanie; Walter, Ofra
Inclusion in the Microsoft Workforce
Since 1975, Microsoft has been a worldwide leader in software, services, and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential. Loren Mikola, the Disability Inclusion Program Manager at Microsoft, ensures that this technology also reaches and includes the special needs population and, through the hiring of individuals with…
Exceptional Parent, 2008
Collaboration for Inclusion: Practitioner Perspectives
Collaboration as a cornerstone of effective school inclusion is an idea that has high theoretical currency among many scholars in the areas of special education and educational leadership. The challenge for educational practitioners is to find ways to implement high-quality special education programs collaboratively amid the public call for school efficiency and accountability. Accordingly, the primary purpose of the qualitative
Rebecca Smith; Pauline Leonard
Music in the Inclusive Environment.
Excerpts teacher narratives of children's music activities in inclusive early childhood environments to show how music can be used to offer varying levels of engagement ranging from listening or observing to joining in as an active participant. Summarizes the beliefs of the National Association for Music Education for guiding developmentally and…
Humpal, Marcia Earl; Wolf, Jan
Civic Inclusion and Its Discontents.
Examines the processes by which segments of society previously excluded from membership in political and socio-economic institutions are incorporated into these institutions as citizens. Emphasis is on expectations and disillusions. The role that school and the workplace play in civic inclusion are specifically discussed. (RM)
Eckstein, Harry
Modifying Schoolwork in Inclusive Classrooms
This article focuses on the instructional aspects of inclusive education and describes how collaborating teams of general education and special education teachers can adapt instruction so that students with disabilities and their classmates without disabilities can learn together in shared activities. A model for creating individualized…
Janney, Rachel E.; Snell, Martha E.
Treasures: A Celebration of Inclusion.
This booklet presents photographs and quotations illustrating the effective inclusion of children with disabilities in New Hampshire's public schools. The booklet was created to acknowledge and celebrate families, educators, and communities who have welcomed all students into neighborhood schools and classrooms; to energize dedicated people who…
Dillon, Ann Donoghue, Ed.; And Others
Vocational & Social Inclusion. Special Issue.
This special issue on vocational and social inclusion of people with disabilities includes papers with the following titles and authors: "Applying Theories of Career Behavior to Special Populations: Implications for Secondary Vocational Transition Programming" (Jay W. Rojewski); "Familiarity with the Service System and Perception of Needs at…
Retish, Paul, Ed.
Inclusion complexes of ?-cyclodextrin-dinitrocompounds as UV absorber for ballpoint pen ink
2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 2,4-dinitroaniline (2,4-DNA), 2,6-dinitroaniline (2,6-DNA) and 2,6-dinitrobenzoic acid (2,6-DNB) has appeared for the UV absorption bands in different wavelength region below 400 nm, a combination of these dinitro aromatic compounds gave the broad absorption spectra within the UV region. The absorption intensities have been increased by preparation of the inclusion complex of dinitro compounds with ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD). Prepared inclusion complexes are used to improve the UV protection properties of the ball point pen ink against photo degradation. The formation of solid inclusion complexes was characterized by FT-IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The UV protecting properties of these inclusion complexes were calculated their sun protection factor (SPF) is also discussed. The stability of the ballpoint pen ink has been confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopic method.
Srinivasan, Krishnan; Radhakrishnan, S.; Stalin, Thambusamy
Inclusion complexes of ?-cyclodextrin-dinitrocompounds as UV absorber for ballpoint pen ink.
2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 2,4-dinitroaniline (2,4-DNA), 2,6-dinitroaniline (2,6-DNA) and 2,6-dinitrobenzoic acid (2,6-DNB) has appeared for the UV absorption bands in different wavelength region below 400nm, a combination of these dinitro aromatic compounds gave the broad absorption spectra within the UV region. The absorption intensities have been increased by preparation of the inclusion complex of dinitro compounds with ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD). Prepared inclusion complexes are used to improve the UV protection properties of the ball point pen ink against photo degradation. The formation of solid inclusion complexes was characterized by FT-IR, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The UV protecting properties of these inclusion complexes were calculated their sun protection factor (SPF) is also discussed. The stability of the ballpoint pen ink has been confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopic method. PMID:24813164
Srinivasan, Krishnan; Radhakrishnan, S; Stalin, Thambusamy
Development of a myricetin/hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: Preparation, characterization, and evaluation.
Myricetin shows low oral bioavailability (<10%) in rats due to poor aqueous solubility, though it has various pharmacological activities. Complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs) is a potent pharmaceutical method to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. The myricetin/HP-?-CD inclusion complex was prepared and confirmed by DSC, PXRD, and SEM. Here, the inclusion mode is described in detail with regard to structural and energetic aspects using a phase solubility diagram and (1)H NMR, NOESY, and FT-IR spectra. The water solubility and dissolution rate of myricetin were greatly enhanced by forming the myricetin/HP-?-CD inclusion complex. Consequently, the oral bioavailability of the myricetin/HP-?-CD inclusion complex in rats was effectively increased 9.4-fold over free myricetin, and its antioxidant activity was also improved. The present study provides useful information for the potential application of complexation with myricetin, a naturally occurring hydrophobic phenolic compound in herbal medicine. PMID:24906763
Yao, Yashu; Xie, Yan; Hong, Chao; Li, Guowen; Shen, Hongyi; Ji, Guang
Measurements of inclusive
We report results of inclusive measurements of Lambdaoverlineos, produced in the forward direction at the Sp pŻS with sqrt(s) = 630 GeV, using the UA8 small angle Roman Pot spectrometers. These measurements cover the range in Feynman-xF and transverse momentum, 0.6 < xF< 1.0 and 0.4 < pt< 0.7 GeV, respectively. Within a systematic uncertainty of +\\/-20% on the absolute
A. Brandt; S. Erhan; A. Kuzucu; M. Medinnis; N. Ozdes; P. E. Schlein; M. T. Zeyrek; J. G. Zweizig; J. B. Chčze; J. Zsembery
Women in Astronomy: Inclusion in Introductory Textbooks.
Discusses the reasons for identifying the contributions of women astronomers in introductory textbooks. The evolution of inclusion over the past 4 decades is explored by examining the rates of inclusion of 10 women astronomers in textbooks. Contains 100 references. (DDR)
Larsen, Kristine M.
Compound Interest
Albert Einstein called compound interest the 8th wonder of the world. Find out why compound interest and the time value of money are so important. What is Interest Click on the following link to read about the different types of interest. Loans and Interest So why learn about compound interest? Using time and interest to your advantage, you can make more money than you have ever dreamed of. See how the time value of ...
Riches, Ms.
Carbocyclic compounds
US Patent & Trademark Office Database
Novel carbocyclic compounds are described. The compounds generally comprise an acidic group, a basic group, a substituted amino or N-acyl and a group having an optionally hydroxylated alkane moiety. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inhibitors of the invention are also described. Methods of inhibiting neuraminidase in samples suspected of containing neuraminidase are also described. Antigenic materials, polymers, antibodies, conjugates of the compounds of the invention with labels, and assay methods for detecting neuraminidase activity are also described.
Feature Issue on Inclusion and School Restructuring.
This feature issue on inclusion and school restructuring for students with and without disabilities contains the following articles: (1) "The 7 Habits for Educators" (Terri Vandercook); (2) "The Evolution of Inclusive Education" (Jennifer York-Barr and Terri Vandercook); (3) "Creating Inclusive Schools: What Does the Research Say?" (Margaret J.…
Vandercook, Terri; York-Barr, Jennifer
Inclusive Attitudes: A Pre-Service Analysis
This enquiry has shown that pre-service teachers in Ontario, Canada (n = 141), believe they have the prerequisite training and knowledge to be inclusive educators. They believe inclusion is effective and produces required results for both identified and non-identified students. Inclusion was viewed as a difficult proposition dependent upon several…
Ryan, Thomas G.
Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Educational Inclusivity
This purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical foundation for inclusion in Canadian schools for this Special Issue on Inclusive Education. In response to the need for an interdisciplinary framework, this paper uses an interpretive literature review methodology to construct a framework for educational inclusivity based on four disciplinary…
DeLuca, Christopher
Ingredients for Inclusion: Lessons from the Literature
This paper explores features of successful inclusion through examples found in the literature. Schools have been given the imperative to become more inclusive through various government pronouncements and initiatives, but guidance in achieving that goal has been arguably wanting. School communities that have demonstrated more inclusive practice…
McMaster, Christopher
Dual inclusion principle for dual systems
A dual inclusion is defined for dual systems in this paper. For restriction and aggregation as special inclusion cases, their dual relationships of inclusion conditions between the original system and its dual system are derived. It is shown that, in the expansions of both original and its dual overlapping interconnected systems, only one case of restriction or aggregation conditions is
Xue-Bo Chen; Srdjan S. Stankovic
Moving forward in inclusive education research
This paper aims to address conceptual and methodological challenges of doing research in the field of inclusive education and revisit school effectiveness research literature to inform future research. First, we present the rationale for inclusive education and briefly review the evolution of special needs education. Then, we discuss limitations of current research on inclusive education. Next, we present school- and
Ozlem Erten; Robert Samuel Savage
This paper aims to address conceptual and methodological challenges of doing research in the field of inclusive education and revisit school effectiveness research literature to inform future research. First, we present the rationale for inclusive education and briefly review the evolution of special needs education. Then, we discuss limitations of current research on inclusive education. Next, we present school? and
Inclusive Schooling; Global Ideals and National Realities
In the past two decades, inclusive schooling for students with exceptional conditions has emerged in a range of national contexts to the extent that inclusion is now a world-wide movement. Major prompts arise from mandates and directives from international bodies such as UNESCO. However, the provision of education built on social inclusion places…
Winzer, Maggie; Mazurek, Kas
Inclusion: By Choice or by Chance?
This paper explores the development internationally of the inclusive education perspective. Inclusive education as a late modernity reform project is exemplified in the call for "Education for All". Despite the simplicity of its message, inclusion is highly contestable. We argue in this paper that the key questions raised by the concept of…
Armstrong, Derrick; Armstrong, Ann Cheryl; Spandagou, Ilektra
Ultrastructural cytochemical analysis of intranuclear arsenic inclusions.
To establish the chemical composition of the arsenic inclusion, freshly isolated preparations of inclusions and epon-embedded thin sections of inclusions were subjected to ultrastructural cytochemical analysis. Intranuclear inclusions are composed of amorphous, arsenic-containing subunits aligned linearly to form a coiled complex. Lipase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, trypsin, pepsin, protease, amylase, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used to digest or chelate these inclusions. Following enzymatic digestion or chelation, the electron opacity of inclusions was compared with that of control sections exposed for equal times to equivalent solutions lacking the enzymes. Exposure to amylase caused a consistent reduction in the electron opacity of thin sections of inclusions and almost complete digestion of the freshly isolated preparations of inclusions. This was indicative of the presence of a carbohydrate moiety within arsenic inclusions. Incubation of inclusions with EDTA resulted in solubilization of freshly isolated and thin-sectioned embedded material. These data indicated that the intranuclear arsenic inclusion is composed of both metallic and carbohydrate moieties, confirming earlier studies which identified arsenic within inclusions using instrumental neutron activation analysis and X-ray microprobe analysis. PMID:2445999
Sorensen, E M
Making Differences Ordinary in Inclusive Classrooms
This article addresses the need to make differences ordinary as inclusive school programs are developed and implemented. Qualities that are hallmarks of inclusive classrooms and that ensure that differences become an ordinary part of classroom practices are then addressed. These qualities ensure that supports provided in the inclusive classroom are as natural and unobtrusive as possible, arranging student schedules so
James Mcleskey; Nancy L. Waldron
This article addresses the need to make differences ordinary as inclusive school programs are developed and implemented. Qualities that are hallmarks of inclusive classrooms and that ensure that differences become an ordinary part of classroom practices are then addressed. These qualities ensure that supports provided in the inclusive classroom…
McLeskey, James; Waldron, Nancy L.
Fluid inclusions in sedimentary and diagenetic systems
Some of the major problems in sedimentary geology can be solved by using fluid inclusions in sedimentary and diagenetic minerals. Important fluids in the sedimentary realm include atmospheric gases, fresh water of meteoric origin, lake water, seawater, mixed water, evaporated water, formation waters deep in basins, oil, and natural gas. Preserving a record of the distribution and composition of these fluids from the past should contribute significantly to studies of paleoclimate and global-change research, is essential for improving understanding of diagenetic systems, and provides useful information in petroleum geology. Applications of fluid inclusions to sedimentary systems are not without their complexities. Some fluid inclusions exposed to natural conditions of increasing temperature may be altered by thermal reequilibration, which results in stretching, or leakage and refilling, of some fluid inclusions. Similarly, overheating in the laboratory can also cause reequilibration of fluid inclusions, so fluid inclusions from the sedimentary realm must be handled carefully and protected from overheating. Natural overheating of fluid inclusions must be evaluated through analysis of the most finely discriminated events of fluid inclusion entrapment, fluid inclusion assemblages (FIA). Consistency in homogenization temperatures within a fluid inclusion assemblage, consisting of variably sized and shaped inclusions, is the hallmark of a data set that has not been altered through thermal reequilibration. In contrast, fluid inclusion assemblages yielding variable data may have been altered through thermal reequilibration. If a fluid inclusion assemblage has not been altered by thermal reequilibration, its fluid inclusions may be useful as geothermometers for low- and high-temperature systems, or useful as geobarometers applicable throughout the sedimentary realm. If a fluid inclusion assemblage has been altered partially by thermal reequilibration, techniques for distinguishing between altered and unaltered fluid inclusions may be applied. In studies of global change, fluid inclusions can be used as sensitive indicators of paleotemperature of surface environments. Fluid inclusions also preserve microsamples of ancient seawater and atmosphere, the analysis of which could figure prominently into discussions of past changes in chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans. In petroleum geology, fluid inclusions have proven to be useful indicators of migration pathways of hydrocarbons; they can delineate the evolution of the chemistry of hydrocarbons; and they remain important in understanding the thermal history of basins and relating fluid migration events to evolution of reservoir systems. In studies of diagenesis, fluid inclusions can be the most definitive record. Most diagenetic systems are closely linked to temperature and salinity of the fluid. Thus, fluid inclusions are sensitive indicators of diagenetic environments.
Goldstein, Robert H.
Application of DNA Chip Scanning Technology for Automatic Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae Inclusions
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that propagate in the inclusion, a specific niche inside the host cell. The standard method for counting chlamydiae is immunofluorescent staining and manual counting of chlamydial inclusions. High- or medium-throughput estimation of the reduction in chlamydial inclusions should be the basis of testing antichlamydial compounds and other drugs that positively or negatively influence chlamydial growth, yet low-throughput manual counting is the common approach. To overcome the time-consuming and subjective manual counting, we developed an automatic inclusion-counting system based on a commercially available DNA chip scanner. Fluorescently labeled inclusions are detected by the scanner, and the image is processed by ChlamyCount, a custom plug-in of the ImageJ software environment. ChlamyCount was able to measure the inclusion counts over a 1-log-unit dynamic range with a high correlation to the theoretical counts. ChlamyCount was capable of accurately determining the MICs of the novel antimicrobial compound PCC00213 and the already known antichlamydial antibiotics moxifloxacin and tetracycline. ChlamyCount was also able to measure the chlamydial growth-altering effect of drugs that influence host-bacterium interaction, such as gamma interferon, DEAE-dextran, and cycloheximide. ChlamyCount is an easily adaptable system for testing antichlamydial antimicrobials and other compounds that influence Chlamydia-host interactions.
Bogdanov, Anita; Endresz, Valeria; Urban, Szabolcs; Lantos, Ildiko; Deak, Judit; Burian, Katalin; Onder, Kamil; Ayaydin, Ferhan; Balazs, Peter
Application of DNA chip scanning technology for automatic detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae inclusions.
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that propagate in the inclusion, a specific niche inside the host cell. The standard method for counting chlamydiae is immunofluorescent staining and manual counting of chlamydial inclusions. High- or medium-throughput estimation of the reduction in chlamydial inclusions should be the basis of testing antichlamydial compounds and other drugs that positively or negatively influence chlamydial growth, yet low-throughput manual counting is the common approach. To overcome the time-consuming and subjective manual counting, we developed an automatic inclusion-counting system based on a commercially available DNA chip scanner. Fluorescently labeled inclusions are detected by the scanner, and the image is processed by ChlamyCount, a custom plug-in of the ImageJ software environment. ChlamyCount was able to measure the inclusion counts over a 1-log-unit dynamic range with a high correlation to the theoretical counts. ChlamyCount was capable of accurately determining the MICs of the novel antimicrobial compound PCC00213 and the already known antichlamydial antibiotics moxifloxacin and tetracycline. ChlamyCount was also able to measure the chlamydial growth-altering effect of drugs that influence host-bacterium interaction, such as gamma interferon, DEAE-dextran, and cycloheximide. ChlamyCount is an easily adaptable system for testing antichlamydial antimicrobials and other compounds that influence Chlamydia-host interactions. PMID:24189259
Bogdanov, Anita; Endrész, Valeria; Urbán, Szabolcs; Lantos, Ildikó; Deák, Judit; Burián, Katalin; Önder, Kamil; Ayaydin, Ferhan; Balázs, Péter; Virok, Dezso P
The Inclusion Inventory: A Tool To Assess Perceptions of the Implementation of Inclusive Educational Practices.
Describes the development of Inclusion Inventory, a tool designed to survey educators' perceptions of inclusive educational practices in their schools. The survey was administered to 72 schools across a southwestern state. Respondents with experience in inclusive educational practices and those from schools where teams implemented inclusive…
Becker, Heather; Roberts, Greg; Dumas, Shelley
Melt inclusions in Luna 24 soil fragments
Optical examinations of 28 slides of Luna 24 soil fragments revealed melt inclusions in grains of olivine, plagioclase, spinel, and ilmenite as well as interstitial inclusions. In contrast with Apollo samples, the Luna 24 samples contain sulfide melt inclusions, which indicates that saturation with respect to an iron sulfide melt took place throughout much of the crystallization history, even while olivine was crystallizing. The Luna 24 silicate-melt inclusions have recorded a more extensive differentiation toward higher iron magmas than have the Apollo inclusions, but they have also recorded some inexplicably low aluminum values.
Roedder, W.; Weiblen, P. W.
In this talk, we will present a QCD factorization theorem for the semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering with hadrons in the current fragmentation region detected at low transverse momentum. There has been considerable experimental and theoretical interest in semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes. For example, by studying the polarized and unpolarized SIDIS, one will be able to identify the sea quark distribution and polarization in nucleon, and the experimental results from the HERMES collaboration have revealed nontrivial sea structure in nucleon [1]. More recently, SIDIS opened a new window to study the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions and fragmentation functions from the low transverse momentum hadron production. The transverse momentum distribution of the final state hadron is directly related to the transverse momentum dependence of the parton distributions and fragmentation. These studies will provide new opportunities to explore the partonic structure of nucleon, especially the three-dimension distribution of partons inside nucleon. The DIS experiments, including HERMES, COMPAS, and JLab Hall B collaborations, have studied various azimuthal asymmetries in SIDIS. In particular, the HERMES collaboration found sizable single spin asymmetries in these processes involving nontrivial QCD effects and hadron structure.
Yuan, Feng
Polybenzimidazole compounds
A PBI compound includes imidazole nitrogens at least a portion of which are substituted with a moiety containing a carbonyl group, the substituted imidazole nitrogens being bonded to carbon of the carbonyl group. At least 85% of the nitrogens may be substituted. The carbonyl-containing moiety may include RCO--, where R is alkoxy or haloalkyl. The PBI compound may exhibit a first temperature marking an onset of weight loss corresponding to reversion of the substituted PBI that is less than a second temperature marking an onset of decomposition of an otherwise identical PBI compound without the substituted moiety. The PBI compound may be included in separatory media. A substituted PBI synthesis method may include providing a parent PBI in a less than 5 wt % solvent solution. Substituting may use more than 5 equivalents in relation to the imidazole nitrogens to be substituted.
Klaehn, John R. (Idaho Falls, ID); Peterson, Eric S. (Idaho Falls, ID); Orme, Christopher J. (Shelley, ID); Jones, Michael G. (Chubbuck, ID); Wertsching, Alan K. (Idaho Falls, ID); Luther, Thomas A. (Idaho Falls, ID); Trowbridge, Tammy L. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Organosulfur Compounds
Quiz questions from the organic chemistry question bank provide students with an excellent opportunity to review key concepts. This set of questions focuses on organosulfur compounds, with a special emphasis on thiols and sulfides.
Reich, Ieva
A PBI compound that includes imidazole nitrogens, at least a portion of which are substituted with an organic-inorganic hybrid moiety. At least 85% of the imidazole nitrogens may be substituted. The organic-inorganic hybrid moiety may be an organosilane moiety, for example, (R)Me.sub.2SiCH.sub.2--, where R is selected from among methyl, phenyl, vinyl, and allyl. The PBI compound may exhibit similar thermal properties in comparison to the unsubstituted PBI. The PBI compound may exhibit a solubility in an organic solvent greater than the solubility of the unsubstituted PBI. The PBI compound may be included in separatory media. A substituted PBI synthesis method may include providing a parent PBI in a less than 5 wt % solvent solution. Substituting may occur at about room temperature and/or at about atmospheric pressure. Substituting may use at least five equivalents in relation to the imidazole nitrogens to be substituted or, preferably, about fifteen equivalents.
Klaehn, John R. (Idaho Falls, ID); Peterson, Eric S. (Idaho Falls, ID); Wertsching, Alan K. (Idaho Falls, ID); Orme, Christopher J. (Shelley, ID); Luther, Thomas A. (Idaho Falls, ID); Jones, Michael G. (Pocatello, ID)
Therapeutic compounds
The present invention relates to pyrazolopyridines and imidazopyridines which are inhibitors of the kinase PDK1 and are thus useful for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders or cancer. The compounds are also useful as inhibitors of other kinases such as FGFR3, NTRK3, RP-S6K and WEE1. Furthermore, the present compounds also selectively inhibit microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK) and are therefore useful for the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
Cyclodextrin Inclusion Polymers Forming Hydrogels
This chapter reviews the advances in the developments of supramolecular hydrogels based on the polypseudorotaxanes and polyrotaxanes formed by inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins threading onto polymer chains. Both physical and chemical supramolecular hydrogels of many different types are discussed with respect to their preparation, structure, property, and gelation mechanism. A large number of physical supramolecular hydrogels were formed induced by self-assembly of densely packed cyclodextrin rings threaded on polymer or copolymer chains acting as physical crosslinking points. The thermo-reversible and thixotropic properties of these physical supramolecular hydrogels have inspired their applications as injectable drug delivery systems. Chemical supramolecular hydrogels synthesized from polypseudorotaxanes and polyrotaxanes were based on the chemical crosslinking of either the cyclodextrin molecules or the included polymer chains. The chemical supramolecular hydrogels were often made biodegradable through incorporation of hydrolyzable threading polymers, end caps, or crosslinkers, for their potential applications as biomaterials.
Li, Jun
Inclusion evolution in molten and solidifying steel
Cleanliness, with respect to impurities and nonmetallic inclusions in the melt, is an important issue in steel production. The commercial interest in controlling steel cleanliness has been growing rapidly, because clean steel exhibits a highly attractive combination of corrosion resistance, good formability, pleasing appearance, and a wide range of strength levels. In order to satisfy the requirements for the degree of cleanliness in steel, controlling the size distribution, chemistry and shape of inclusions are of great importance in the steelmaking process. A knowledge of the formation of nonmetallic inclusions and their chemical and morphological evolution during the steelmaking and casting process is necessary in order to minimize the inclusion size and also try to promote potentially beneficial properties of inclusions, such as grain-refining. In this research, the evolution of inclusions in molten and solidifying steels was investigated through in-situ observations using a high temperature Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM). The study focused on solid Al2O3 and liquid Al 2O3-CaO inclusions on low carbon steel melt surfaces. Firstly, the agglomeration and clustering of inclusions on steel surfaces were quantified and compared to predictions according to capillary depression driven attraction forces. A strong agglomeration was observed between the solid Al2O33 particle pairs. However, the liquid Al 2O3-CaO inclusions were not prone to agglomeration due to their lens-like morphology, which causes the absence of capillary force. Secondly, the pushing vs. engulfment and entrapment of both liquid Al 2O3-CaO and solid Al2O3 inclusions by advancing planar and cellular delta-ferrite solidification fronts was studied and compared to model predictions based on the force balances acting on the inclusions at the solid/melt interface. The critical velocity, above which the inclusions get engulfed, was observed to be slower at the cellular front than at the planar interface for liquid Al2O3-CaO inclusions. This indicates that these inclusions tend to more easily get engulfed at inter-cellular boundaries. However, there was no appreciable difference observed about the critical velocity for the large solid Al2O 3 inclusion clusters at the cellular boundary with that at the planar interface. The pushed liquid Al2O3-CaO inclusions were subject to a chemical and morphological change during solidification. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Wang, Yan
Shock Re-equilibration of Fluid Inclusions
Fluid inclusions (microscopic volumes of fluid trapped within minerals as they precipitate) are extremely common in terrestrial minerals formed under a wide range of geological conditions from surface evaporite deposits to kimberlite pipes. While fluid inclusions in terrestrial rocks are nearly ubiquitous, only a few fluid inclusion-bearing meteorites have been documented. The scarcity of fluid inclusions in meteoritic materials may be a result of (a) the absence of fluids when the mineral was formed on the meteorite parent body or (b) the destruction of fluid inclusions originally contained in meteoritic materials by subsequent shock metamorphism. However, the effects of impact events on pre-existing fluid inclusions trapped in target and projectile rocks has received little study. Fluid inclusions trapped prior to the shock event may be altered (re-equilibrated) or destroyed due to the high pressures, temperatures, and strain rates associated with impact events. By examining the effects of shock deformation on fluid inclusion properties and textures we may be able to better constrain the pressure-temperature path experienced by terrestrial and meteoritic shocked materials and also gain a clearer understanding of why fluid inclusions are rarely found in meteorite samples.
Madden, M. E. Elwood; Horz, F.; Bodnar, R. J.
Making the case for inclusive design.
This paper describes the University of Cambridge, Engineering Design Centre's (EDC) case for inclusive design, based on 10 years of research, promotion and knowledge transfer. In summary, inclusive design applies an understanding of customer diversity to inform decisions throughout the development process, in order to better satisfy the needs of more people. Products that are more inclusive can reach a wider market, improve customer satisfaction and drive business success. The rapidly ageing population increases the importance of this approach. The case presented here has helped to convince BT, Nestlé and others to adopt an inclusive approach. PMID:23538129
Waller, Sam; Bradley, Mike; Hosking, Ian; Clarkson, P John
Compound radiator
Standard radiator design with a plate facing cold space on one side and the warm spacecraft at the other side suffers from considerable parasitic heat load to the radiator even when the back of the radiator is covered with the best Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) available. In addition, performance of the plate radiator depends crucially on its insulation which might well deteriorate over a long duration mission. In an attempt to address these manifest and potential problems the concept of a compound radiator was worked out. First tests confirm model calculations; the compound radiator marks a very significant improvement over a standard plate radiator.
Thomsen, Knud
Magnesium compounds
USGS Publications Warehouse
Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 63% of US magnesium compounds production during 2000. Premier Services in Florida, Dow Chemical in Michigan, Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties, and Rohm & Haas recovered dead-burned and caustic-calcined magnesias from seawater. And Premier Services' recoveries, in Nevada, were from magnasite.
Kramer, D. A.
Fostering Social Acceptance in Inclusive Classrooms
The mere presence of students with learning disabilities in general education classrooms is not inclusion. Inclusion involves meaningful participation by these students, achievement in accordance with their abilities, and social acceptance by teachers and peers. Teachers who view these students as a challenge rather than a burden, who believe that…
Wiener, Judith
Inclusive Focus Particles in English and Korean
When discussing focus particles, it has been common practice to rely on the dichotomy of inclusive vs. exclusive particles, "a la" Konig (1991). Inclusive focus particles are often further divided into scalar particles, such as "also", "too", and "either", and non-scalar particles, such as "even". In this thesis, I advance a comparative analysis…
Kang, Sang-gu
The Sustainable Development of Inclusive Education
The advent of inclusive education has quietly changed the ecology of Hong Kong's educational system. Inclusive education is a product of education in the developed Western nations and has spread at the instigation of international organizations. It is a plan for educational development that is based on the concepts of human rights and peace and…
Lo, Leslie Nai-kwai
Older Women's Career Development and Social Inclusion
This paper considers women's career development and the potential contribution of career development theory, research, practice and policy in advancing a social inclusion agenda. In particular, the paper focuses on older women in the contexts of an ageing population, labour market shortages and Australia's social inclusion agenda. Supporting young…
McMahon, Mary; Bimrose, Jenny; Watson, Mark
75 FR 10446 - Minority and Women Inclusion
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...the Federal Home Loan Banks to promote diversity and the inclusion of women and minorities...Howard, Equal Employment Opportunity and Diversity Director, firstname.lastname@example.com...the Federal Home Loan Banks to promote diversity and the inclusion of women and...
Stability Properties of Inclusive Connectivity for Graphs.
This dissertation is an investigation of inclusive connectivity which is a localization of connectivity defined for each vertex and each edge of a graph. The inclusive edge (vertex, mixed) connectivity of a vertex v is the minimum number of edges (vertice...
D. W. Cribb
Inclusive discourses in early childhood education?
This article explores the discursive formation of inclusion in early childhood education and after?school (recreation) centres in a Danish municipality. While inclusion has been a central educational issue in research and practice for well over quarter of a century, with continuing emphasis worldwide on 'initiatives by governments', this interest has centred on the school environment and institutions of higher education.
Teacher Qualifications and Attitudes toward Inclusion
The inclusion of children with disabilities into the regular education classroom has resulted in many studies on teacher attitudes. Current research has examined teacher beliefs about inclusion, their concerns, and issues pertaining to their ability to cater effectively for children with disabilities in their classrooms. Despite this, there…
Hsien, Michelle; Brown, P. Margaret; Bortoli, Anna
Beyond Political Correctness: Toward the Inclusive University.
This collection of 12 essays examines the history of the discourse over political correctness (PC) in Canadian academia, focusing on the neoconservative backlash to affirmative action, inclusive policies, and feminist and anti-racist teaching in the classroom. It includes: (1) "Introduction: Political Correctness and the Inclusive University"…
Richer, Stephen, Ed.; Weir, Lorna, Ed.
Refractory inclusions in the Allende meteorite
The literature on the coarse-grained inclusions of the Allende meteorite is reviewed, with attention given to petrography and major minerals, micromineralogy and microtextures, bulk chemical composition, and isotopic composition. It is concluded that the coarse-grained inclusions provide evidence for a supernova explosion that occurred just before condensation, for incompletely homogenized material from several nucleosynthetic sources, and for solar nebular regions
L. Grossman
Full inclusion and students with autism
The concept of "full inclusion" is that students with special needs can and should be educated in the same settings as their normally developing peers with appropriate support services, rather than being placed in special education classrooms or schools. According to advocates the benefits of full inclusion are increased expectations by teachers, behavioral modeling of normally developing peers, more learning,
Gary B. Mesibov; Victoria Shea
What's Working: Topics in Inclusive Education.
This newsletter focuses on what works in inclusive education. A major article is "Inclusive Education: Needs of Minnesota Families--Major Findings from a 'Together We're Better' Study." This article presents findings of a statewide survey of families of children with disabilities. Findings are categorized within four areas: (1) educational…
What's Working, 1994
Responsible Inclusion: Celebrating Diversity and Academic Excellence.
The North Carolina Partnership Training System, a federally funded technical assistance project, convened a Principals Task Force to examine inclusion practices. They identified several facilitators and barriers to inclusion and found that block scheduling, collaborative teaching, cooperative learning, interdisciplinary planning, heterogeneous…
Malloy, William
Inclusive Schooling Policy: An Educational Detective Story?
Since the publication of the Salamanca statement (UNESCO 1994), inclusive schooling has formed a growing part of the deliberations of the special education community. Inclusive schooling research in Australia in the main continues to reproduce traditions of the special education field, emphasising the dominant psychological perspectives that have…
Moss, Julianne
Full Inclusion: Analysis of a Controversial Issue.
This review of the literature and analysis looks at the concept of full inclusion of students with disabilities in the context of the regular education initiative (REI). The concept of full inclusion is explained as the use of new methods, techniques, and strategies to teach students with and without disabilities in the same classroom.…
Reganick, Karol A.
Moving Forward in Inclusive Education Research
This paper aims to address conceptual and methodological challenges of doing research in the field of inclusive education and revisit school effectiveness research literature to inform future research. First, we present the rationale for inclusive education and briefly review the evolution of special needs education. Then, we discuss limitations…
Erten, Ozlem; Savage, Robert Samuel
Diversity ? Inclusion: Promoting Integration in Higher Education
I argue that enrollment of a diverse student body is but a pragmatic first step toward the broader social goal of inclusion and ask whether motives for campus diversification are aligned with pedagogic goals. I address this question by focusing on inclusion, namely, organizational strategies and practices that promote meaningful social and…
Tienda, Marta
Inclusion: Something More Than Sitting Together
Awareness about students with learning difficulty brought us to inclusive learning environments. The acceptance was to build collaborative atmospheres in the class. Unfortunately, when teachers are not enthusiastic and adequate to develop the interaction, the inclusive learning environment never occurs. This conclusion bases on this studies…
Bulbul, Mustafa Sahin
Leading under Pressure: Leadership for Social Inclusion
In this study we undertook to look at leadership issues specifically in relation to social inclusion, through a series of six case studies in three districts showing high levels of disadvantage. Findings indicated that schools' views on social inclusion could be typified as leaning towards three main orientations: (1) improving achievement and…
Muijs, Daniel; Ainscow, Mel; Dyson, Alan; Raffo, Carlo; Goldrick, Sue; Kerr, Kirstin; Lennie, Clare; Miles, Susie
On multiple circular inclusions in plane magnetoelasticity
A general series solution to the magnetoelastic problem of interacting circular inclusions in plane magnetoelasticity is provided in this paper. By the use of complex variable theory and Laurent series expansion method, the general expression of the magnetic and the magnetoelastic complex potentials for the circular inclusion problem is derived. Expanding the definition of the Airy's stress function of pure
Shin-Cheng Chen; Chun-Bo Lin
Inclusive Child Care: An Ethical Perspective.
An inclusive childcare program is a program that is committed to individually appropriate practice, accepting children regardless of their developmental profiles, strengths, or competencies. This conference paper addresses the problem that although inclusive programs are now commonplace, professional childcare providers are still unsure about the…
Mulligan, Vicki
Development of polyglucosan inclusions in skeletal muscle
Muscle samples from 24 horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain and were immunostained for ubiquitin. Abnormalities detected with PAS stain were coarse granular cytoplasmic aggregates of amylase sensitive glycogen, subsarcolemmal aggregates of glycogen, central amylase sensitive bodies, and a variety of subsarcolemmal to intracytoplasmic amylase resistant polyglucosan inclusions. All amylase resistant inclusions were positive
Beth A. Valentine; Barry J. Cooper
Geometric Modeling of Inclusions as Ellipsoids
Nonmetallic inclusions in gas turbine disk alloys can have a significant detrimental impact on fatigue life. Because large inclusions that lead to anomalously low lives occur infrequently, probabilistic approaches can be utilized to avoid the excessively conservative assumption of lifing to a large inclusion in a high stress location. A prerequisite to modeling the impact of inclusions on the fatigue life distribution is a characterization of the inclusion occurrence rate and size distribution. To help facilitate this process, a geometric simulation of the inclusions was devised. To make the simulation problem tractable, the irregularly sized and shaped inclusions were modeled as arbitrarily oriented, three independent dimensioned, ellipsoids. Random orientation of the ellipsoid is accomplished through a series of three orthogonal rotations of axes. In this report, a set of mathematical models for the following parameters are described: the intercepted area of a randomly sectioned ellipsoid, the dimensions and orientation of the intercepted ellipse, the area of a randomly oriented sectioned ellipse, the depth and width of a randomly oriented sectioned ellipse, and the projected area of a randomly oriented ellipsoid. These parameters are necessary to determine an inclusion s potential to develop a propagating fatigue crack. Without these mathematical models, computationally expensive search algorithms would be required to compute these parameters.
Bonacuse, Peter J.
Inclusion body hepatitis in kestrels (Falco sparverius)
Inclusion body disease of suspected adenovirus etiology was the apparent cause of death of 9 captive kestrels (Falco sparverius). Cloacal hemorrhage was the only prominent gross lesion; disseminated hepatocellular necrosis and intranuclear inclusion bodies were evident microscopically. Attempts to reproduce the disease, and to propagate and serologically characterize the agent were unsuccessful.
Sileo, L.; Franson, J.C.; Graham, D.L.; Domermuth, C.H.; Rattner, B.A.; Pattee, O.H.
Enhancing Theory Courses with Racially Inclusive Research.
Offers a blueprint that instructors of mass media theory courses can adopt to expose students to racially inclusive research in order to encourage students to explore and employ relevant theories when probing media and race questions. Offers examples of inclusive media research, examining six prominent theories: selective-perception theory,…
Bramlett-Solomon, Sharon; Liebler, Carol M.
Early Childhood Inclusion: Focus on Change.
Early childhood inclusion is a field characterized by a philosophy and practice that encourages full participation of children with disabilities and their families in everyday activities with their typically developing peers. Noting that success in inclusion endeavors requires substantial changes in the way our society thinks, feels, and acts,…
Guralnick, Michael J., Ed.
Inclusion and Integration and School Climate.
This report describes the implementation of a reverse integration and inclusion program at a school which had previously been exclusively for students with cognitive disabilities (trainable mental retardation). An extensive review of the literature provides a history of special education, mainstreaming, reverse integration, and the inclusive…
Phelps, Miriam A.
Inclusive Education: Is This Horse a Trojan?
In Canada and elsewhere, governments are expending considerable effort in the production of inclusive education policy texts, resources allocation models, and programs. The author notes that despite of the analytic power and the political intent of inclusive education as a counterpoint to special education, its appropriation is imminent if not…
Slee, Roger
Existence of solutions for integral inclusions
This paper presents sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to a nonlinear integral inclusion being a Volterra counterpart of an integral inclusion arising in traffic theory. Our results are obtained via a Martelli-type fixed point theorem, and lead to new existence principles.
Hong, Shihuang; Wang, Li
Questions of Inclusion in Scotland and Europe
This paper examines inclusion in Scotland and in Europe. It considers some of the uncertainties surrounding inclusion and the questions--many of which give cause for concern--that are currently being raised by researchers, teachers and their representative unions, parents and children. The shifting political and policy contexts and recent patterns…
Allan, Julie
Teaching Queer-Inclusive English Language Arts
The authors argue for teaching queer-inclusive English language arts (ELA). They report on a study that surveyed high school personnel across the United States, revealing that very few people in charge of ELA curricula value such inclusion. In response to these findings, the authors offer "images of the possible" in which texts and methods that…
Blackburn, Mollie V.; Buckley, J. F.
Antisense-mediated exon inclusion
Exon skipping induced by gene mutations is a common mechanism responsible for many genetic diseases. A practical approach to correct the aberrant splicing of defective genes is to use antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). The recognition of splice sites and the regulation of splicing involve multiple positive or negative cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. Base-pairing of ASOs to a negative element in a targeted pre-mRNA blocks the binding of splicing repressors to this cis-element and/or disrupts an unfavorable secondary structure; as a result, the ASO restores exon inclusion. For example, we have recently shown that appropriate 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) (MOE) phosphorothioate-modified ASOs can efficiently correct survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) exon 7 splicing in a cell-free splicing assay, in cultured human cells—including patient fibroblasts—and in both peripheral tissues and the CNS of SMA mouse models. These ASOs are promising drug leads for SMA therapy.
Hua, Yimin; Krainer, Adrian R
Inclusive fitness maximization: An axiomatic approach.
Kin selection theorists argue that evolution in social contexts will lead organisms to behave as if maximizing their inclusive, as opposed to personal, fitness. The inclusive fitness concept allows biologists to treat organisms as akin to rational agents seeking to maximize a utility function. Here we develop this idea and place it on a firm footing by employing a standard decision-theoretic methodology. We show how the principle of inclusive fitness maximization and a related principle of quasi-inclusive fitness maximization can be derived from axioms on an individual?s 'as if preferences' (binary choices) for the case in which phenotypic effects are additive. Our results help integrate evolutionary theory and rational choice theory, help draw out the behavioural implications of inclusive fitness maximization, and point to a possible way in which evolution could lead organisms to implement it. PMID:24530825
Okasha, Samir; Weymark, John A; Bossert, Walter
Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 60 percent of U.S. magnesium compounds production during 2002. Dead-burned and caustic-calcined magnesias were recovered from seawater by Premier Chemicals in Florida. They were also recovered from well brines in Michigan by Dow Chemical, Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties and Rohm & Haas. And they were recovered from magnesite in Nevada by Premier Chemicals.
In 2005, seawater and natural brines accounted for 51% of US magnesium compounds production. World magnesia production was estimated to be 14.5 Mt. Most of the production came from China, North Korea, Russia and Turkey. Although no specific production figures are available, Japan and the United States are estimated to account for almost one-half of the world's capacity from seawater and brines.
Inclusive decays of B mesons to charmonium
We have used the CLEO-II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ringe (CESR) to study the inclusive production of charmonium mesons in a sample of 2.15 million BBŻ events. We find inclusive branching fractions of (1.12+\\/-0.04+\\/-0.06)% for B-->J\\/psiX, (0.34+\\/-0.04+\\/-0.03)% for B-->psi'X, and (0.40+\\/-0.06+\\/-0.04)% for B-->chic1X. We also find some evidence for the inclusive production of chic2, and set an upper
R. Balest; K. Cho; W. T. Ford; D. R. Johnson; K. Lingel; M. Lohner; P. Rankin; J. G. Smith; J. P. Alexander; C. Bebek; K. Berkelman; K. Bloom; T. E. Browder; D. G. Cassel; H. A. Cho; D. M. Coffman; D. S. Crowcroft; P. S. Drell; D. J. Dumas; R. Ehrlich; P. Gaidarev; M. Garcia-Sciveres; B. Geiser; B. Gittelman; S. W. Gray; D. L. Hartill; B. K. Heltsley; S. Henderson; C. D. Jones; S. L. Jones; J. Kandaswamy; N. Katayama; P. C. Kim; D. L. Kreinick; G. S. Ludwig; J. Masui; J. Mevissen; N. B. Mistry; C. R. Ng; E. Nordberg; J. R. Patterson; D. Peterson; D. Riley; S. Salman; M. Sapper; F. Würthwein; P. Avery; A. Freyberger; J. Rodriguez; S. Yang; J. Yelton; D. Cinabro; T. Liu; M. Saulnier; R. Wilson; H. Yamamoto; T. Bergfeld; B. I. Eisenstein; G. Gollin; B. Ong; M. Palmer; M. Selen; J. J. Thaler; K. W. Edwards; M. Ogg; A. Bellerive; D. I. Britton; E. R. Hyatt; D. B. Macfarlane; P. M. Patel; B. Spaan; A. J. Sadoff; R. Ammar; P. Baringer; A. Bean; D. Besson; D. Coppage; N. Copty; R. Davis; N. Hancock; M. Kelly; S. Kotov; I. Kravchenko; N. Kwak; H. Lam; Y. Kubota; M. Lattery; M. Momayezi; J. K. Nelson; S. Patton; R. Poling; V. Savinov; S. Schrenk; R. Wang; M. S. Alam; I. J. Kim; Z. Ling; A. H. Mahmood; J. J. O'neill; H. Severini; C. R. Sun; F. Wappler; G. Crawford; C. M. Daubenmier; R. Fulton; D. Fujino; K. K. Gan; K. Honscheid; H. Kagan; R. Kass; J. Lee; M. Sung; C. White; A. Wolf; M. M. Zoeller; F. Butler; X. Fu; B. Nemati; W. R. Ross; P. Skubic; M. Wood; M. Bishai; J. Fast; E. Gerndt; J. W. Hinson; R. L. McIlwain; T. Miao; D. H. Miller; M. Modesitt; D. Payne; E. I. Shibata; I. P. Shipsey; P. N. Wang; M. Battle; J. Ernst; L. Gibbons; Y. Kwon; S. Roberts; E. H. Thorndike; C. H. Wang; J. Dominick; M. Lambrecht; S. Sanghera; V. Shelkov; T. Skwarnicki; R. Stroynowski; I. Volobouev; G. Wei; M. Artuso; M. Gao; M. Goldberg; D. He; N. Horwitz; G. C. Moneti; F. Muheim; Y. Mukhin; S. Playfer; Y. Rozen; S. Stone; X. Xing; G. Zhu; J. Bartelt; S. E. Csorna; Z. Egyed; V. Jain; D. Gibaut; K. Kinoshita; P. Pomianowski; B. Barish; M. Chadha; S. Chan; D. F. Cowen; G. Eigen; J. S. Miller; C. O'grady; J. Urheim; A. J. Weinstein; M. Athanas; W. Brower; G. Masek; H. P. Paar; J. Gronberg; C. M. Korte; R. Kutschke; S. Menary; R. J. Morrison; S. Nakanishi; H. N. Nelson; T. K. Nelson; C. Qiao; J. D. Richman; A. Ryd; D. Sperka; H. Tajima; M. S. Witherell
?-Cyclodextrin- para-aminosalicylic acid inclusion complexes
Complex formation of ?-cyclodextrin with para-aminosalicylic acid in buffer solutions is studied by UV spectroscopy. It is found that the stoichiometric proportion of the components in the ?-cyclodextrin-para-aminosalicylic acid inclusion complex is 1:1. The Ketelar equation is used to calculate the stability constants of the inclusion complexes at different temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters of the complex formation process (?G, ?H, ?S) are calculated using the van't Hoff equation. The 1:1 ?-cyclodextrin-para-aminosalicylic acid inclusion complex is prepared in solid form and its characteristics are determined by IR spectroscopic and x-ray diffraction techniques.
Roik, N. V.; Belyakova, L. A.; Oranskaya, E. I.
Significance of cytoplasmic inclusions in lupus nephritis.
The report describes 22 cases of lupus nephritis (20 diffuse and 2 mesangial) showing frequent tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) in the glomerular and peritubular capillary endothelial cells as well as cylindric confronting cisternae (CCC) mainly in interstitial infiltrating cells. Ten other cases of lupus nephritis that were actively treated or were in the sclerosing stage and did not show CCC were also studied. The presence of cytoplasmic inclusions correlated with various clinical and histologic parameters. Cytoplasmic inclusions, especially CCC, are associated with clinically active, minimally treated renal disease of recent onset and histologically with active diffuse glomerular and acute interstitial lupus nephritis with many immune deposits. PMID:1849326
Venkataseshan, V S; Marquet, E; Grishman, E
Keratinous inclusion cyst of oesophagus: unusual finding.
Cysts of the oesophagus are unusual findings and they are classified according to the embryological site of origin. It may represent inclusion cysts, retention cysts and developmental cysts. We present a case of keratinous inclusion cyst of the lower oesophagus in a 71-year-old Malay woman who presented with dyspepsia and severe epigastric pain. An oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy demonstrated a sliding hiatus hernia with whitish ulcer-like lesion at the lower oesophagus. Biopsy from the lesion revealed a keratinous inclusion cyst. The patient was given pantoprazole and put on regular follow-up for monitoring any other development. PMID:23878290
Wan Abdul Rahman, Wan Faiziah; Mutum, Samarendra Singh; Fauzi, Mohd Hashairi
Primitive material surviving in chondrites - Refractory inclusions
The refractory inclusions embedded in the matrix of many carbonaceous and some ordinary or enstatite chondrites exhibit mineralogical and bulk composition characteristics which correlate with the first, or highest-temperature, condensation products that have been predicted to form from a hot, but cooling, solar nebula. These inclusions' isotopic compositions indicate presolar nucleosynthetic processes that have contributed to the production of the elements from which the solar system was formed; subsequently, the inclusions experienced melting, recrystallization, and alteration histories that have obscured the formation processes.
Macpherson, Glenn J.; Wark, D. A.; Armstrong, John T.
Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 60% of US magnesium compounds production in 2001. Dead-burned and caustic-calcined magnesias were recovered from seawater in Florida by Premier Chemicals. They were also recovered from Michigan well brines by Dow Chemical, Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties and Rohm & Haas. And Premier Chemicals recovered dead-burned and caustic-calcined magnesias from magnesite in Nevada. Reilly Industries and Great Salt Lake Minerals recovered magnesium chloride brines from the Great Salt Lake in Utah.
Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 40 percent of U.S. magnesium compounds production in 2009. Dead-burned magnesia was produced by Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties from well brines in Michigan. Caustic-calcined magnesia was recovered from seawater by Premier Chemicals in Florida, from well brines in Michigan by Martin Marietta and from magnesite in Nevada by Premier Chemicals. Intrepid Potash-Wendover, and Great Salt Lake Minerals Corp. recovered magnesium chloride brines from the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Magnesium hydroxide was produced from seawater by SPI Pharma in Delaware and Premier Chemicals in Florida, and by Martin Marietta from its operation mentioned above.
Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 54 percent of U.S. magnesium compounds production in 2010. Dead-burned magnesia was produced by Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties from well brines in Michigan. Caustic-calcined magnesia was recovered from seawater by Premier Magnesia in Florida, from well brines in Michigan by Martin Marietta and from magnesite in Nevada by Premier Magnesia. Intrepid Potash-Wendover and Great Salt Lake Minerals Corp. recovered magnesium chloride brines from the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Magnesium hydroxide was produced from seawater by SPI Pharma in Delaware and Premier Magnesia in Florida, and by Martin Marietta from its operation mentioned above.
Characterization of Nonmetallic Inclusions in High-Manganese and Aluminum-Alloyed Austenitic Steels
The effects of Al and Mn contents on the size, composition, and three-dimensional morphologies of inclusions formed in Fe- xMn- yAl ( x = 10 and 20 mass pct, y = 1, 3, and 6 mass pct) steels were investigated to enhance our understanding of the inclusion formation behavior in high Mn-Al-alloyed steels. By assuming that the alumina is a dominant oxide compound, the volume fraction of inclusions estimated from the chemical analysis, i.e., insoluble Al, in the Fe-Mn-3Al steels was larger than the inclusion volume fractions in the Fe-Mn-1Al and Fe-Mn-6Al steels. A similar tendency was found in the analysis of inclusions from a potentiostatic electrolytic extraction method. This finding could be explained from the terminal velocities of the compounds, which was affected by the thermophysical properties of Fe-Mn-Al steels. The inclusions formed in the Fe-Mn-Al-alloyed steels are classified into seven types according to chemistry and morphology: (1) single Al2O3 particle, (2) single AlN or AlON particle, (3) MnAl2O4 single galaxite spinel particle, (4) Al2O3(-Al(O)N) agglomerate, (5) single Mn(S,Se) particle, (6) oxide core with Mn(S,Se) skin (wrap), and (7) Mn(S,Se) core with Al2O3(-Al(O)N) aggregate (or bump). The Mn(S,Se) compounds were formed by the contamination of the steels by Se from the electrolytic Mn. Therefore, the raw materials (Mn) should be used carefully in the melting and casting processes of Fe-Mn-Al-alloyed steels.
Park, Joo Hyun; Kim, Dong-Jin; Min, Dong Joon
Fluid Inclusions in Extraterrestrial Samples Fact or Fiction.
Over the years there have been numerous reports of liquid inclusions in meteorites. Roedder reviews the reported occurrences of liquid inclusions in meteorites and states that 'silicate-melt inclusions are expectable and apparently ubiquitous, but the pre...
R. J. Bodnar M. E. Zolensky E. K. Gibson
Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 52 percent of U.S. magnesium compounds production in 2006. Dead-burned magnesia was produced by Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties from well brines in Michigan. Caustic-calcined magnesia was recovered from sea-water by Premier Chemicals in Florida; from well brines in Michigan by Martin Marietta and Rohm and Haas; and from magnesite in Nevada by Premier Chemicals. Intrepid Potash-Wendover and Great Salt Lake Minerals recovered magnesium chloride brines from the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Magnesium hydroxide was produced from brucite by Applied Chemical Magnesias in Texas, from seawater by SPI Pharma in Delaware and Premier Chemicals in Florida, and by Martin Marietta and Rohm and Haas from their operations mentioned above. About 59 percent of the magnesium compounds consumed in the United States was used for refractories that are used mainly to line steelmaking furnaces. The remaining 41 percent was consumed in agricultural, chemical, construction, environmental and industrial applications.
Intermetallic Compounds
We have focused on the binary narrow-bandgap intermetallic compounds FeGa3 and RuGa3 as thermoelectric materials. Their crystal structure is FeGa3-type (tetragonal, P42/ mnm) with 16 atoms per unit cell. Despite their simple crystal structure, their room temperature thermal conductivity is in the range 4-5-W-m-1-K-1. Both compounds have narrow-bandgaps of approximately 0.3-eV near the Fermi level. Because their Seebeck coefficients are quite large negative values in the range 350-<-| S 373K|-<-550- ?V-K-1 for undoped samples, it should be possible to obtain highly efficient thermoelectric materials both by adjusting the carrier concentration and by reducing the thermal conductivity. Here, we report the effects of doping on the thermoelectric properties of FeGa3 and RuGa3 as n and p-type materials. The dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, was significantly improved by substitution of Sn for Ga in FeGa3 (electron-doping) and by substitution of Zn for Ga in RuGa3 (hole-doping), mainly as a result of optimization of the electronic part, S 2 ?.
Takagiwa, Y.; Matsuura, Y.; Kimura, K.
Elastic Scattering by a Spherical Inclusion.
The scattering problem of an arbitrary elastic wave incident upon a spherically symmetric inclusion is considered. General results expressed in the form of canonical scattering coefficients are obtained for the cases of incident P waves and incident S wav...
V. A. Korneev L. R. Johnson
NCI Cancer Genetics Services Directory: Inclusion Criteria
NCI Cancer Genetics Services Directory: Inclusion Criteria Licensed, board certified, or board eligible in their profession. A member of one of the following professional organizations or special interest groups: American College of Medical Genetics
What Can We Learn from Inclusive Spectra.
The present experimental status on single particle inclusive measurements is described. Then, the geometrical aspect of the collision is discussed from the data of total integrated cross sections of nuclear charge or mass. The dynamical aspect of the coll...
S. Nagamiya
Cavity formation from inclusions in ductile fracture
The previously proposed conditions for cavity formation from equiaxed inclusions in ductile fracture have been examined. Critical\\u000a local elastic energy conditions are found to be necessary but not sufficient for cavity formation. The interfacial strength\\u000a must also be reached on part of the boundary. For inclusions larger than about 100Ĺ the energy condition is always satisfied\\u000a when the interfacial strength
A. S. Argon; J. Im; R. Safoglu
Volatile Release from the Siberian Traps Inferred from Melt Inclusions
The Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province is one of the largest known continental flood volcanic provinces in the Phanerozoic. The quantification of volatile degassing is particularly important because the Siberian Traps have often been invoked as a possible trigger for the end-Permian mass extinction (e.g. Campbell et al., 1992; Wignall, 2001). Volatile degassing provides a crucial mechanism to link mafic volcanic eruption to global environmental change. Mafic flood basalt magmas are expected to have low volatile contents (similar to mid-ocean ridge basalts). However, Siberian Traps magmas were chambered in and erupted through a thick sedimentary basin and may have interacted with, and obtained volatiles from, sedimentary lithologies such as limestone, coal, and evaporite. Melt inclusions from the Siberian Traps provide insight into the potential total volatile budget throughout the evolution of the large igneous province. These droplets of trapped melt may preserve volatile species that would otherwise have degassed at the time of eruption (Thordarson et al., 1996). Mafic pyroclastic deposits from the lowermost Arydzhangsky suite (basal Siberian Traps) contain clinopyroxene phenocrysts hosting melt inclusions. Electron microprobe analysis of clinopyroxene-hosted re-homogenized melt inclusions indicates maximum measured concentrations of up to 1500 - 2000 ppm sulfur, 500 - 760 ppm chlorine, and 1900 - 2400 ppm fluorine. Olivines from the Maymechinsky suite, recognized as the last extrusive products of Siberian Traps volcanism, contain melt inclusions with maximum sulfur concentrations in the range of 5000 ppm, and less substantial concentrations of chlorine and fluorine. Intrusive igneous rocks from the province also display significant volatile contents. A sill from the Ust-Ilimsk region yielded plagioclase-hosted melt inclusions which contain chlorine and fluorine concentrations nearing one weight percent. Visscher et al. (2004) proposed that chlorofluorocarbon compounds (CFCs) may have played a major role in the terrestrial end-Permian extinction. These CFCs are powerful catalysts for the breakdown of ozone, a process which can expose the biosphere to increased ultraviolet radiation. Measurements of elevated chlorine and fluorine from the Siberian Traps may thus provide a concrete source for CFCs that could have triggered this kill mechanism.
Black, B. A.; Elkins-Tanton, L. T.; Rowe, M. C.; Ukstins Peate, I.
Unusual inclusions found in a national diamond
Three pale yellow minerals, 100-200 microns in their longest dimension, were extracted from a diamond 2.5 mm in size and examined in an SEM equipped with an X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer. These inclusions were found to be two grains of garnet and a coesite, all of which contain a microscopic grain of Ti-rich biotite, a small amount of sanidine and a number of other minerals. (1) Garnet-biotite-apatite-rutile-sanidine-(Fe,Ca) melt. Attached to one end of this garnet inclusion is a crystal of biotite (50 x 30 ..mu..m) in which an apatite and a rutile are embedded. A thin lamella of sanidine occurs in the biotite near the garnet boundary. (2) Garnet-biotite-apatite-sanidine-rutile-pyrrhotite-(Fe,Ca,K) phase (unidentified). This garnet inclusion partially encased a biotite crystal while all other phases occur as minute prismatic needles or irregular and globular masses on the inclusion surface. (3) Coesite-biotite-sanidine-calcite. They are considered primary phases because the diamond host contains neither internal nor external fractures. Garnet, coesite, biotite and apatite are syngenetic inclusions in this diamond based on their relatively large sizes and their intergrown relationships. All other phases may also be primary or derived from biotite which, in the presence of sulfur, may produce phlogopite + sanidine + pyrrhotite + rutile. The droplets of melt and thin lamella of sanidine in inclusion (1) seem to be products of incongruent melting of biotite during the emplacement of kimberlite.
Leung, I.S.
Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 57 percent of magnesium compounds produced in the United States in 2011. Dead-burned magnesia was produced by Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties LLC from well brines in Michigan. Caustic-calcined magnesia was recovered from seawater by Premier Magnesia LLC in Florida, from well brines in Michigan by Martin Marietta and from magnesite in Nevada by Premier Magnesia. Intrepid Potash Wendover LLC and Great Salt Lake Minerals Corp. recovered magnesium chloride brines from the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Magnesium hydroxide was produced from seawater by SPI Pharma Inc. in Delaware and Premier Magnesia in Florida, and by Martin Marietta from its brine operation in Michigan.
Bismaleimide compounds
Bismaleimides of the formula shown in the diagram wherein R[sub 1] and R[sub 2] each independently is H, C[sub 1-4]-alkyl, C[sub 1-4]-alkoxy, Cl or Br, or R[sub 1] and R[sub 2] together form a fused 6-membered hydrocarbon aromatic ring, with the proviso that R[sub 1] and R[sub 2] are not t-butyl or t-butoxy; X is O, S or Se; n is 1--3; and the alkylene bridging group, optionally, is substituted by 1--3 methyl groups or by fluorine, form polybismaleimide resins which have valuable physical properties. Uniquely, these compounds permit extended cure times, i.e., they remain fluid for a time sufficient to permit the formation of a homogeneous melt prior to curing.
Adams, J.E.; Jamieson, D.R.
"I Believe in Inclusion, But…": Regular Education Early Childhood Teachers' Perceptions of Successful Inclusion
The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe regular education early childhood teachers' perceptions of those factors that contributed to or hindered their success in inclusive classrooms. From among the K-3 teachers in one pro-inclusion school district, six teachers (three self-described as successful with inclusion and three as unsuccessful) were randomly selected to participate in a series of four
Mary K. Smith; Kenneth E. Smith
TSTA compound cryopump
The Tritium System Test Assembly (TSTA), at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, is intended to demonstrate realistic fuel supply and cleanup scenarios for future fusion reactors. The vacuum pumps must be capable of handling large quantities of reactor exhaust gases consisting largely of mixtures of hydrogen and helium isotopes. Cryocondensing pumps will not pump helium at 4.2 K; while cryosorption pumps using molecular sieves or charcoal have good helium pumping speed, the adsorbent clogs with condensed hydrogen while pumping mixtures of both. A solution to this problem is a compound design whereby the first stage condenses the hydrogen species and the second, or sorption, stage pumps the helium. The TSTA pump designed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory uses argon gas to cryotrap the helium in the helium--hydrogen mixture. The argon is sprayed directly onto the 4.2 K surface at a rate proportional to the helium flow rate, permitting continuous pumping of the helium--hydrogen mixtures in a single-stage pump. However, the possibility of differential desorption as a first stage in the TSTA gas separation cycle required the inclusion of a first-state hydrogen isotope condenser. The design, performance, and operating characteristics are discussed.
Batzer, T.H.; Patrick, R.E.; Call, W.R.
The Tritium System Test Assembly (TSTA), at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, is intended to demonstrate realistic fuel supply and cleanup scenarios for future fusion reactors. The vacuum pumps must be capable of handling large quantities of reactor exhaust gases consisting largely of mixtures of hydrogen and helium isotopes. Cryocondensing pumps will not pump helium at 4.2 K; while cryosorption pumps using molecular sieves or charcoal have good helium pumping speed, the adsorbent clogs with condensed hydrogen while pumping mixtures of both. A solution to this problem is a compound design whereby the first stage condenses the hydrogen and the second, or sorption, stage pumps the helium. The TSTA pump designed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory uses argon gas to cryotrap the helium in the helium-hydrogen mixture. The argon is sprayed directly onto the 4.2 K surface at a rate proportional to the helium flow rate, permitting continuous pumping of the helium-hydrogen mixtures in a single-stage pump. However, the possibility of differential desorption as a first stage in the TSTA gas separation cycle required the inclusion of a first-stage hydrogen isotope condenser. The design, performance, and operating characteristics are discussed.
Endomorphisms on half-sided modular inclusions
In algebraic quantum field theory we consider nets of von Neumann algebras indexed over regions of the space time. Wiesbrock [''Conformal quantum field theory and half-sided modular inclusions of von Neumann algebras,'' Commun. Math. Phys. 158, 537-543 (1993)] has shown that strongly additive nets of von Neumann algebras on the circle are in correspondence with standard half-sided modular inclusions. We show that a finite index endomorphism on a half-sided modular inclusion extends to a finite index endomorphism on the corresponding net of von Neumann algebras on the circle. Moreover, we present another approach to encoding endomorphisms on nets of von Neumann algebras on the circle into half-sided modular inclusions. There is a natural way to associate a weight to a Moebius covariant endomorphism. The properties of this weight have been studied by Bertozzini et al. [''Covariant sectors with infinite dimension and positivity of the energy,'' Commun. Math. Phys. 193, 471-492 (1998)]. In this paper we show the converse, namely, how to associate a Moebius covariant endomorphism to a given weight under certain assumptions, thus obtaining a correspondence between a class of weights on a half-sided modular inclusion and a subclass of the Moebius covariant endomorphisms on the associated net of von Neumann algebras. This allows us to treat Moebius covariant endomorphisms in terms of weights on half-sided modular inclusions. As our aim is to provide a framework for treating endomorphisms on nets of von Neumann algebras in terms of the apparently simpler objects of weights on half-sided modular inclusions, we lastly give some basic results for manipulations with such weights.
Svegstrup, Rolf Dyre [Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8914 (Japan)
EPA Science Inventory
Numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are under regulatory consideration for inclusion in the National Primary Drinking Water Standards. Adsorption is a cost-effective treatment technology for control of VOCs. Adsorption capacities were determined for fifteen VOCs in distill...
The Inclusion Puzzle: A Case Study of Inclusion in a Rural Elementary School
Inclusion of special education students in general education classrooms has come to general acceptance by educators as one option in the continuum of special education service delivery. Another view of inclusion is the ideal of providing for all the varied individual needs of a diverse population of students: learning needs, physical needs,…
Arnold, Linda N.
Leadership for Inclusion: Conceptualising and Enacting Inclusion in Integrated Schools in a Troubled Society
Inclusion is increasingly understood as an educational reform that responds to the diversity of all learners, challenging the marginalisation, exclusion and underachievement which may result from all forms of "difference". Leadership for inclusion is conceptualised here as driving a constant struggle to create shared meanings of…
McGlynn, Claire; London, Tim
"I Believe in Inclusion, But...": Regular Education Early Childhood Teachers' Perceptions of Successful Inclusion.
Identified kindergarten through third grade teachers' perceptions of factors related to success of inclusive classrooms. Found that teachers shared a strong belief in the fundamental value of inclusion. Themes affecting perceptions indicated a need for more adequate and focused training, better consideration of classroom load factors, more…
Smith, Mary K.; Smith, Kenneth
The Inclusion of Inclusive Education in International Development: Lessons from Papua New Guinea
A new "inclusive" curriculum has been introduced in Papua New Guinea, with significant levels of support from a bilateral development agency. The curriculum is inclusive in the sense that it is designed to meet the diverse, complex, and ever-changing needs of students. Research indicates the curriculum has been shaped by various influences, most…
Le Fanu, Guy
Inclusion and the Law: Two Laws--IDEA and Section 504--Support Inclusion in Schools
As someone charged with ensuring equality in the school environment, teachers have heard the term "inclusion"--the principle that students with special needs, skill sets, and abilities should be integrated in publicly supported activities to the same extent as their nondisabled peers. However, the word inclusion--in and of itself--does not…
Taylor, Kelley R.
Inclusion: What It Is and How It Works Best.
Inclusion is a way of providing a normalized educational experience for all children with disabilities. Educators differ, however, on the meaning of inclusion, from full-inclusion advocates to those who assert "inclusive" means that learning needs are met in a range of service delivery contexts. Three components of inclusionary schooling that are…
Scheffel, Debora L.; Kallam, Michael; Smith, K. Ninia; Hoernicke, Placido Arturo
Cobalt and Chromium-Containing Inclusions in Bacterial Cells
Bacteria belonging to different taxonomic and physiological groups (members of the genera Pseudomonas, Brevibacterium, Rhodopseudomonas, and Lactococcus) are able to form intracellular cobalt- and chromium-containing magnetic inclusions. The paper deals with the structure and the intracellular localization of these inclusions and their similarity to the known noncrystalline iron-containing magnetic inclusions. The possible biological role of the magnetic inclusions is discussed.
E. V. Ariskina; A. V. Vatsurina; N. E. Suzina; E. Yu. Gavrish
Inclusive Education Policy in New Zealand: Reality or Ruse?
New Zealand, like many countries, is beginning the journey towards a more inclusive education system. This paper examines inclusive education in New Zealand, and in particular policy related to inclusive education. New Zealand has the chance to make inclusion a reality, but as Skrtic (1991) points out this will require a different way of thinking…
Kearney, Alison; Kane, Ruth
The evolution from integration to inclusion: the Hong Kong tale
As a worldwide movement, some forms or stages of inclusive education have been experimented and\\/or mandated in various countries since the mid-1970s. Integration was piloted in Hong Kong in 1997 and remains the official rhetoric and policy. Three developmental phases of inclusive education, namely, integration, integration in transition to inclusion, and inclusion, are described in this article according to the
Kim Fong Poon-McBrayer
Isotopic fractionation of silicon in Allende inclusions
The variations of Si-30/Si-28 and Si-29/Si-28 in Allende inclusions are large, and are due predominantly to mass-dependent fractionation effects. Gas-soild or gas-liquid condensation processes at high temperatures have sufficiently large fractionation factors to account for the heavy-isotope enrichments in coarse-grained inclusions. Heavy isotope depletions are found in some Allende samples, and apparently result from a late-stage condensation. Thus, the silicon isotopic compositions may be useful for determining the sequence of events in forming the Allende meteorite. The peculiar Allende inclusion, Cl, has a very large mass-fractionated enrichment of Si-30/Si-28, and in addition, perhaps a small nuclear enrichment of Si-29. Olivine from the unusual pallasite, Eagle Station, has normal silicon isotope abundances even though it has a large O-16 excess.
Clayton, R. N.; Mayeda, T. K.; Epstein, S.
Mass spectrometric identification of boric acid in fluid inclusions in pegmatite minerals
Direct, on-line mass spectrometric analyses were performed on volatiles released from microscopic fluid inclusions in quartz, feldspar, and tourmaline from the miarolitic Belo Horizonte No. 1 pegmatite in the San Jacinto district, and Himalaya pegmatite dike system in the Mesa Grande district of southern California. These analyses are the first inclusion volatile studies to indicate the presence of significant and variable concentrations of B compounds in pegmatite formation fluids. Boron appears as boric acid B(OH){sub 3}, which is found at levels ranging from less than detection limit (<10{sup {minus}7} mole fraction) to as high as 10{sup {minus}4} mole fraction. High B concentrations are seen in inclusion fluids from miarolite filling quartz, cleavelandite variety albite feldspar, and schorl tourmaline from the Belo Horizonte No. 1, while negligible amounts appear in late-stage green/pink-zoned gem elbaite tourmalines from that mine. Fluid inclusions in quartz, as well as grey and pink tourmaline form the miarolites in the Himalaya mine, have undetectable levels of B compounds. In addition to confirming the presence of very high boric acid concentrations in some pegmatite forming solutions, observations of large variations in abundance may provide new constraints on fluid chemical evolution trends during the genesis of these regionally and paragenetically complex gem deposits. 38 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
Williams, A.E.; Taylor, M.C. [Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)] [Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Deformation initiation and localization around inclusions
Deformation localization along narrow zones of variable scales is a common feature in orogenic belts. Although there are a number of studies that focus on the evolution of brittle fault zones, little is known about the initiation and localization of ductile shear zones. To study the nucleation and evolution of high temperature shear zones, we performed shear experiments in marbles containing structural heterogeneities and analyzed the deformation microstructures and the resulting crystallographic orientation. Cylindrical samples of coarse-grained Carrara marble containing one or two 1 mm thin artificially prepared sheets of fine-grained Solnhofen limestone were deformed in a Paterson-type gas deformation apparatus at 900 ° C temperature and confining pressures of 300 and 400 MPa. Three samples were deformed in axial compression at a bulk strain rate of 8x10-5s-1to axial strains between 0.02 and 0.21 and 15 samples were twisted in torsion at a bulk shear strain rate of 2x10-4s-1to shear strains between 0.01 and 3.74. At low strains, intense twinning of calcite is observed in the calcite grains of Carrara marble near the inclusion. The distance from the tip of the inclusion in which twinning is observed increases with increasing strain. Orientation of the twin planes may vary from parallel to normal to the tip of the inclusion, and with increasing strain there is a tendency of development of "twin conjugates". Together with twinning, subgrain boundaries are observed in this region, possibly followed by initial grain size reduction. In these experiments, strain is localized into narrow bands, as revealed by misorientation maps showing the degree of internal lattice distortion of individual calcite crystals around the tip of the inclusion, reaching values from 3 to 10° , depending on the strain. Internal misorientation of grains increases with decreasing distance to the inclusion. Strain is localized into narrow, long bands extending several mm into the matrix. The degree of localization decays exponentially with increasing distance from the tip of the inclusion. A weak initial development of crystallographic orientation along this process zones is evident starting at very low strains, increasing in strength with increasing strain. The microstructural modifications observed at the tip of the inclusions are possibly caused by the stress concentration in this region. Towards higher strains, deformation of calcite grains progressively affects the surrounding of the inclusions. Our results demonstrate the importance of structural and stress heterogeneities for the nucleation and formation of localized shear bands at elevated temperatures.
Morales, Luiz F. G.; Rybacki, Erik; Dresen, Georg
Inclusion bodies in pinealocytes of the cotton rat ( Sigmodon hispidus )
Summary Pinealocytes of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) often contain large (2–6 ?m diameter) intracytoplasmic inclusions, the function of which is not known. These inclusions may represent nucleolus-like bodies, mineral deposits, secretory products or viral inclusions. In this study these inclusions were classified as type A, B or C inclusions based on the amount of electron-dense material interspersed within the
Michal Karasek; Nancy K. R. Smith; Thomas S. King; Larry J. Petterborg; John T. Hansen; Russel J. Reiter
Inclusion of Paracetamol into ?-cyclodextrin nanocavities in solution and in the solid state.
We report on steady-state UV-visible absorption and emission characteristics of Paracetamol, drug used as antipyretic agent, in water and within cyclodextrins (CDs): ?-CD, 2-hydroxypropyl-?-CD (HP-?-CD) and 2,6-dimethyl-?-CD (Me-?-CD). The results reveal that Paracetamol forms a 1:1 inclusion complex with CD. Upon encapsulation, the emission intensity enhances, indicating a confinement effect of the nanocages on the photophysical behavior of the drug. Due to its methyl groups, the Me-?-CD shows the largest effect for the drug. The observed binding constant showing the following trend: Me-?-CD>HP-?-CD>?-CD. The less complexing effectiveness of HP-?-CD is due to the steric effect of the hydroxypropyl-substituents, which can hamper the inclusion of the guest molecules. The solid state inclusion complex was prepared by co-precipitation method and its characterization was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR and X-ray diffractometry. These approaches indicated that Paracetamol was able to form an inclusion complex with CDs, and the inclusion compounds exhibited different spectroscopic features and properties from Paracetamol. PMID:21703916
El-Kemary, Maged; Sobhy, Saffaa; El-Daly, Samy; Abdel-Shafi, Ayman
Absence of Evidence ? Evidence of Absence: Statistical Analysis of Inclusions in Multiferroic Thin Films
Assertions that a new material may offer particularly advantageous properties should always be subjected to careful critical evaluation, especially when those properties can be affected by the presence of inclusions at trace level. This is particularly important for claims relating to new multiferroic compounds, which can easily be confounded by unobserved second phase magnetic inclusions. We demonstrate an original methodology for the detection, localization and quantification of second phase inclusions in thin Aurivillius type films. Additionally, we develop a dedicated statistical model and demonstrate its application to the analysis of Bi6Ti2.8Fe1.52Mn0.68O18 (B6TFMO) thin films, that makes it possible to put a high, defined confidence level (e.g. 99.5%) to the statement of 'new single phase multiferroic materials'. While our methodology has been specifically developed for magnetic inclusions, it can easily be adapted to any other material system that can be affected by low level inclusions.
Schmidt, Michael; Amann, Andreas; Keeney, Lynette; Pemble, Martyn E.; Holmes, Justin D.; Petkov, Nikolay; Whatmore, Roger W.
Absence of evidence ? evidence of absence: statistical analysis of inclusions in multiferroic thin films.
Assertions that a new material may offer particularly advantageous properties should always be subjected to careful critical evaluation, especially when those properties can be affected by the presence of inclusions at trace level. This is particularly important for claims relating to new multiferroic compounds, which can easily be confounded by unobserved second phase magnetic inclusions. We demonstrate an original methodology for the detection, localization and quantification of second phase inclusions in thin Aurivillius type films. Additionally, we develop a dedicated statistical model and demonstrate its application to the analysis of Bi6Ti2.8Fe1.52Mn0.68O18 (B6TFMO) thin films, that makes it possible to put a high, defined confidence level (e.g. 99.5%) to the statement of 'new single phase multiferroic materials'. While our methodology has been specifically developed for magnetic inclusions, it can easily be adapted to any other material system that can be affected by low level inclusions. PMID:25026969
Schmidt, Michael; Amann, Andreas; Keeney, Lynette; Pemble, Martyn E; Holmes, Justin D; Petkov, Nikolay; Whatmore, Roger W
Spectroscopic investigations and crystal structure from synchrotron powder data of the inclusion complex of beta-cyclodextrin with atenolol.
Inclusion complexes of atenolol with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) in aqueous solution have been investigated with 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of this inclusion complex was established to be equimolar (1:1) and its stability constant was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the beta-CD-atenolol (1:1) inclusion compound has been solved from synchrotron powder diffraction data using direct-space search techniques. The crystal structure model and 1H NMR data are in good agreement and, with support of Hyperchem MM+ molecular dynamics results, suggest which protons are likely to be involved in the inclusion process that leads to the supramolecular architecture of this guest-host complex. PMID:18061532
Borodi, Gheorghe; Bratu, Ioan; Dragan, Felicia; Peschar, René; Helmholdt, Robert B; Hernanz, Antonio
Spectroscopic investigations and crystal structure from synchrotron powder data of the inclusion complex of ?-cyclodextrin with atenolol
Inclusion complexes of atenolol with ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD) in aqueous solution have been investigated with 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of this inclusion complex was established to be equimolar (1:1) and its stability constant was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the ?-CD-atenolol (1:1) inclusion compound has been solved from synchrotron powder diffraction data using direct-space search techniques. The crystal structure model and 1H NMR data are in good agreement and, with support of Hyperchem MM+ molecular dynamics results, suggest which protons are likely to be involved in the inclusion process that leads to the supramolecular architecture of this guest-host complex.
Borodi, Gheorghe; Bratu, Ioan; Dragan, Felicia; Peschar, René; Helmholdt, Robert B.; Hernanz, Antonio
Mathematics Achievement of Regular Education Students by Placement in Inclusion and Non-Inclusion Classrooms and Their Principals' Perceptions of Inclusion
This study examined mathematics achievement of fourth and fifth grade students in Mississippi and principals' perceptions of inclusion. A sample of 462 students from eight separate elementary schools was selected for this study. Fifteen principals completed the Principal and Inclusion Survey regarding inclusion education. Eight of the 15…
Hartfield, Loretta Rodgers
IDEA 1997--"Inclusion Is the Law."
This paper stresses that the word "inclusion" is not used in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and that the law calls for students with disabilities to be provided with a free, appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment. Ten 1997-1999 court cases that address the placement of students with disabilities…
Sultana, Qaisar
Inclusion: Professional Development Needs of Educators
An attitudinal resistance among teachers regarding the inclusion of children with disabilities is well documented in the literature. Studies collectively highlight two specific areas that contribute to this resistance. First, a lack of teacher knowledge or preparedness for meeting the diverse needs of children with disabilities stimulates…
Stocks, Amanda G.
Expanding Opportunities: An Interagency Inclusion Initiative
Research has shown that both young children with disabilities and their peers benefit from participating together in quality programs and community activities. However, inclusive opportunities for young children with disabilities are often not systematic, comprehensive or necessarily of high quality. Cross-agency dialogue and commitment among…
National Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center (NECTAC), 2010
Transformative Pathways: Inclusive Pedagogies in Teacher Education
This paper reports a three-year study of Praxis Inquiry based developments in teacher education undertaken by an international consortium of university colleagues who have worked in Australia, Iceland, Latvia, and the United Kingdom. Our study suggests that the attainment of inclusive community responsive pedagogies--in schools and in teacher…
Guojonsdottir, Hafdis; Cacciattolo, Marcelle; Dakich, Eva; Davies, Anne; Kelly, Claire; Dalmau, Mary C.
Inclusion in PK-12: An International Perspective
With an aim to investigate inclusion across borders, quantitative and qualitative data were examined that came from 18 countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cyprus, Finland, France, Iceland, India, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the UK, and the USA. Four themes emerged in this study: (1) concerns…
Curcic, Svjetlana
What Do Students Think about Inclusion?
The practice of inclusion--teaching students with disabilities in the context of regular education classrooms--is controversial among educators themselves. But has anyone ever bothered to ask students how they feel about it? Learning to be a teacher means learning about students, understanding their preferences, and considering their points of…
Miller, Maury
Communities of Practice in Inclusive Education
The data in this paper represent the experiences and perspectives of parents and teachers who worked as communities of practice, designing support plans for the inclusion of three students with intellectual disabilities in general education classrooms. Their reflections, obtained through interviews and questionnaires, show how they constructed…
Mortier, Kathleen; Hunt, Pam; Leroy, Mieke; Van de Putte, Inge; Van Hove, Geert
Fluid inclusions with gas bubbles as geothermometers
Two types of fluid inclusions can be distinguished. The first is based on the assumption of Sorby (1858) that a homogeneous phase, such as water, salt solution, or CO2, is entrapped, meaning that the bubbles result from the gas of the enclosed fluid. The second type includes foreign gas entrapped with the fluid. \\
C. W. Correns; Geol Rundsch
Some of the major problems in sedimentary geology can be solved by using fluid inclusions in sedimentary and diagenetic minerals. Important fluids in the sedimentary realm include atmospheric gases, fresh water of meteoric origin, lake water, seawater, mixed water, evaporated water, formation waters deep in basins, oil, and natural gas. Preserving a record of the distribution and composition of these
Robert H. Goldstein
Educational Technology for the Inclusive Classroom
This paper presents and evaluates the development of an educational technology curriculum aimed at pre-service, primary education and undergraduates; the focus is on the incorporation of ICT competences for inclusive education. The framework was the introduction of SEVERI e-learning environment in Slovenian schools. Students were able to monitor…
Starcic, Andreja Istenic
Inclusive Schooling: Are We There yet?
Today, when trying to find a way to an unfamiliar destination, many rely on global positioning systems, or GPS technology. "Recalibrating" and "Whenever possible make a legal U-turn" are now ubiquitous phrases in the audio backdrop to many car trips. One can think about modern-day inclusive education in similar terms. The programming decisions…
Causton, Julie; Theoharis, George
Teachers' Attitudes towards Inclusion in Turkey
This study investigated the opinions of general education teachers working in public elementary schools in Turkey regarding the inclusion of students with disabilities into their classrooms and their willingness also to include students with more severe learning disabilities. One hundred and ninety-four general education teachers completed the…
Rakap, Salih; Kaczmarek, Louise
Student Behaviour Self-Monitoring Enabling Inclusion
Disruptive, antisocial behaviour remains an ongoing issue for all schools, and particularly those identified as inclusive. Children who exhibit elevated levels of antisocial behaviour have an increased risk of numerous negative life consequences, including impaired social relationships, escalating aggressive behaviours, substance abuse, and school…
Jull, Stephen K.
Recent Developments in Inclusive Education in Malta.
Examines recent developments in Malta's inclusive education policy, discourse, and practice, noting the influence of United Nations policies, local political developments, parent associations, a National Commission for Persons with Disabilities, and a nongovernmental organization for persons with developmental disabilities. Discusses the…
Bartolo, Paul A.
Changes in Preservice Teacher Attitudes toward Inclusion
Despite federal mandates to educate students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment, teachers continue to have mixed feelings about their own preparedness to educate students with disabilities in the general education setting. However, research has demonstrated that teachers with more positive attitudes toward inclusion are more…
Swain, Kristine D.; Nordness, Philip D.; Leader-Janssen, Elizabeth M.
Genetics Home Reference: Inclusion body myopathy 2
... ClinicalTrials.gov Research studies PubMed Recent literature OMIM Genetic disorder catalog Conditions > Inclusion body myopathy 2 On this ... patients to medical research PubMed - Recent literature OMIM - Genetic disorder catalog (2 links) What other names do people ...
Inclusion's Confusion in Alberta
This hermeneutic paper interprets a recent series of reforms to inclusive education policy undertaken by the ministry of education in the province of Alberta, Canada. A 2007 Alberta Education review of the 16,000 student files in the province that school boards had claimed met the criteria for severe disability codification status -- the level of…
Gilham, Chris; Williamson, W. John
Final state interactions and inclusive nuclear collisions
A scattering formalism is developed in a multiple scattering model to describe inclusive momentum distributions for high-energy projectiles. The effects of final state interactions on response functions and momentum distributions are investigated. Calculations for high-energy protons that include shell model response functions are compared with experiments.
Cucinotta, Francis A.; Dubey, Rajendra R.
Large inclusion cyst complicating female genital mutilation
We report a case of an inclusion cyst, resulting from female genital mutilation (FGM), which enlarged to such a degree that it restricted the patient's movement. This report aims to raise the awareness of the medical community to the dangers that arise from a common remote complication of FGM.
Aziem-AbdAllah-Ali, Abdel; Mohammed, Abdalla Ali; Mohammed Ali, Awadia Khojali
Using Assistive Technology in the Inclusive Classroom.
Provides an overview of assistive technology for students with disabilities in inclusive settings and legal considerations regarding assistive technology. Recommendations are given to help teachers maximize assistive technology to facilitate instruction, including finding the lowest technology solution and collaborating with other teachers and…
Merbler, John B.; Hadadian, Azar; Ulman, Jean
A nonlinear elasticity phantom containing spherical inclusions
The strain image contrast of some in vivo breast lesions changes with increasing applied load. This change is attributed to differences in the nonlinear elastic properties of the constituent tissues suggesting some potential to help classify breast diseases by their nonlinear elastic properties. A phantom with inclusions and long-term stability is desired to serve as a test bed for nonlinear elasticity imaging method development, testing, etc. This study reports a phantom designed to investigate nonlinear elastic properties with ultrasound elastographic techniques. The phantom contains four spherical inclusions and was manufactured from a mixture of gelatin, agar and oil. The phantom background and each of the inclusions has distinct Young's modulus and nonlinear mechanical behavior. This phantom was subjected to large deformations (up to 20%) while scanning with ultrasound, and changes in strain image contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between inclusion and background, as a function of applied deformation, were investigated. The changes in contrast over a large deformation range predicted by the finite element analysis (FEA) were consistent with those experimentally observed. Therefore, the paper reports a procedure for making phantoms with predictable nonlinear behavior, based on independent measurements of the constituent materials, and shows that the resulting strain images (e.g., strain contrast) agrees with that predicted with nonlinear FEA.
Pavan, Theo Z.; Madsen, Ernest L.; Frank, Gary R.; Jiang, Jingfeng; Carneiro, Antonio Adilton O.; Hall, Timothy J.
Comprehensive School Reform and Inclusive Schools
In spite of the emphasis in public policy and the professional literature on developing inclusive programs for students with disabilities over the past 30 years, surprisingly little progress has been made in this regard in school districts across the United States. One approach to change that is currently being used with some success in general…
Chrome pyrope: an inclusion in natural diamond.
Electron probe analyses of garnets that are rich in magnesium and that occur as inclusions in natural diamonds show that the chrome-garnet end member, Mg(3)Cr(2)Si(3)O(12), is a major constituent (30 percent). PMID:17817353
Meyer, H O
In vitro folding of inclusion body proteins
Insoluble, inactive inclusion bodies are frequently formed upon recombinant protein pro- duction in transformed microorganisms. These inclu- sion bodies, which contain the recombinant protein in an highly enriched form, can be isolated by solid\\/liquid separation. After solubilization, native proteins can be generated from the inactive material by using in vitro folding techniques. New folding procedures have been developed for efficient
Teachers' attitudes towards inclusion in Turkey
This study investigated the opinions of general education teachers working in public elementary schools in Turkey regarding the inclusion of students with disabilities into their classrooms and their willingness also to include students with more severe learning disabilities. One hundred and ninety?four general education teachers completed the survey package. The analysis of data showed that the sample possessed slightly negative
Salih Rakap; Louise Kaczmarek
Effective Inclusive Schools: Designing Successful Schoolwide Programs
This book presents lessons learned from in-depth case studies of some of our most effective inclusive public schools. The authors conclusively demonstrate that schools can educate students with mild and severe disabilities in general education classrooms by providing special education services that link to and bolster general education…
Hehir, Thomas; Katzman, Lauren I.
The Inclusive Secondary Teacher: The Leaders' Perspective
Australian legislation and policies over the last fifteen years have reinforced the rights of students with disabilities to be included in mainstream classrooms. To make this a reality, change has been necessary in a number of areas such as teacher knowledge, resource allocation, curriculum reform, and support services. This paper presents a profile of an inclusive secondary school teacher from
Michelle Pearce; Jan Gray; Glenda Campbell-Evans
Paleotemperatures preserved in fluid inclusions in halite
A variety of paleoclimate proxy records allow determination of relative warming or cooling. However, if we are to understand climate change, quantification of past temperature fluctuations is essential. Our research indicates that fluid inclusions in halite can yield homogenization temperatures that record surface brine temperatures at the time of halite precipitation. To avoid problems with stretching, leaking, and initial trapping of air, samples with primary, single-phase (liquid) fluid inclusions are chilled in a freezer to nucleate vapor bubbles. We tested the reliability of this method of obtaining fluid-inclusion homogenization temperatures using modern salts precipitated at Badwater Basin, Death Valley, California. Homogenization temperatures correlate well with measured brine temperatures. The same method is applied to fluid inclusions in Pleistocene halite from a core taken at the same location in Death Valley. Results are at several scales, recording diurnal temperature variations, seasonal temperature fluctuations, and longer-term warming and cooling events that correlate with major changes in the sedimentary environment related to climate. This technique is uniquely instrumental for paleoclimate studies because it offers actual, not just proxy, paleotemperature data. 27 refs., 17 figs.
Roberts, S.M.; Spencer, R.J. [Univ. of Calgary, Alberta (Canada)] [Univ. of Calgary, Alberta (Canada)
Creating Inclusive Schools for All Students
In this article, a former principal at Falk Elementary School in Madison, Wisconsin, describes his school's shift as it sought to create an inclusive school for all students and establish an authentic sense of belonging. Nationwide, schools and districts from Concord, New Hampshire, to Whittier, California, and from Cambridge, Massachusetts, to…
Causton-Theoharis, Julie; Theoharis, George
Semi-Inclusive DIS and Transversity
A review is presented of some aspects of semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering and transversity. In particular, the role of kT-dependent and higher-twist (or multi-parton) distributions in generating single-spin asymmetries is discussed.
Ratcliffe, Philip G. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, Universita degli Studi dell Insubria, Istituto Navonale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (Italy)
Inclusive Schooling: Is It a Success?
One of the aims of each Australian States and Territory Departments of Education and Training is to create a world-class inclusive strategy in schools across the nation. They each see the need to raise awareness, support and change societal expectations for students with Special Needs and Disabilities nationally. This paper aims to investigate the…
Nahlous-Ismail, Nada
Andreas--Outcomes of Inclusion. [Videotape.
This 18-minute videotape illustrates Vermont's program of full inclusion of students with disabilities through following Andreas, an Asian-American teenager with severe disabilities who has been successfully included in regular classes in his local high school. The videotape shows him attending regular classes, working in a local animal hospital,…
Vermont Univ., Burlington. Center for Developmental Disabilities.
Inclusive Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina
This paper describes the different challenges faced by all members of the local community who are directly or indirectly responsible for the educational reform regarding the process of inclusion in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Yugoslavia education system is regulated in canton legislature. Each canton has its own law on preschool, elementary school,…
Dizdarevic, Alma; Vantic-Tanjic, Medina; Nikolic, Milena
Inclusive Education--Empirical Experience from Serbia
This descriptive study finds out the problems most frequently facing the children with special needs in regular schooling. The sample included 500 teachers in elementary schools from Serbia. The results point out the problems in inclusive education. Most educational problems occur in relations and communications with their peers in typical…
Kovacevic, Jasmina; Macesic-Petrovic, Dragana
Public Policies that Help Foster Social Inclusion
Public policies can be effective in raising people's social inclusion as intended only reasonably through their implementation. With respect to the implementation perspective, this study examines the effectiveness of eight policies as perceived to implement in Hong Kong, China. The study employs data collected from 1,109 Chinese adults randomly…
Cheung, Chau-kiu
Inclusion and Burnout in Physical Education
This study examined the relationship between inclusion and burnout in physical education teaching. Data were collected from a sample of elementary school physical education (PE) teachers from all six districts in Israel. The research questionnaire included three parts: personal and occupational background, Friedman's Burnout index and work…
Fejgin, Naomi; Talmor, Rachel; Erlich, Ilana
If You Can: Inclusion in Music Making
This paper steps outside of conventional frameworks of schooling and examines inclusion from the perspective of eight young people and adults who play Scottish fiddle music in a group. The participants were asked to talk about their experiences of playing and their involvement with the group in practice and performance sessions. The group had been…
Allan, Julie; Cope, Peter
Citizenship Education in Turkey: Inclusive or Exclusive
This paper scrutinises citizenship education in Turkey from the foundation of the Turkish Republic (1923) to the present and explores the extent to which it encourages inclusive or exclusive concepts of national identity and citizenship. In Turkey, where there are citizens belonging to ethnic and religious minorities, civic education plays a…
Ince, Basak
Discourse Practices in Inclusive Elementary Mathematics Classrooms
In this exploratory study, teachers' use of standards-based, discourse practices and their students' mathematics learning in inclusive elementary mathematics classrooms were examined. Two beginning teachers (one third-grade teacher, one fourth-grade teacher) and six students identified with disabilities or as low performing in mathematics…
Griffin, Cynthia C.; League, Martha B.; Griffin, Valerie L.; Bae, Jungah
Measuring Teacher Efficacy to Implement Inclusive Practices
The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure perceived teacher efficacy to teach in inclusive classrooms. An 18-item scale was developed on a sample of 607 pre-service teachers selected from four countries (Canada, Australia, Hong Kong and India). Factor analysis of responses from the sample revealed three factors: efficacy in…
Sharma, Umesh; Loreman, Tim; Forlin, Chris
Academic Freedom and the Inclusive University.
The chapters in this collection explore issues related to academic freedom and the inclusive university. The first section, Clarifying Concepts in Ideology, Language, and Law, contains these chapters: (1) Whats Sauce for One Goose: The Logic of Academic Freedom (Stanley Fish); (2) Academic Freedom: Rights as Immunities and Privileges (Frederick…
Kahn, Sharon E., Ed.; Pavlich, Dennis, Ed.
On the Dirt Road to Inclusion
Inclusive education in the Republic of South Africa has been codified and written down in the form of White Papers. From the legislative point of view, the situation is clear. The reality however shows that the implementation of the law is still at its infancy. Students with visual impairments are practically confined to being educated in…
Wiazowski, Jaroslaw
Integration and Segregation: Inclusion and Exclusion.
In considering what to do with the normally existing diversity in a group of children coming to a school intended for all, the concepts of integration, segregation, inclusion, and exclusion must be considered as characteristics of school aims, organization, and work. Questions related to these concepts are particularly pertinent in a discussion of…
Emanuelsson, Ingemar
Negotiating the Path: Towards Diversity and Inclusion
Global survival hinges on an appreciation that the solutions to problems reside within the collective strength of diversity. However, achieving inclusion is often relegated to periodic infusions of multiculturalism into the mainstream of organizational culture. And "diversity" is quickly becoming the latest buzzword for an idea that, though…
Mason, Letita R.
Economic and Demographic Predictors of Inclusive Education
This study investigated economic and demographic predictors of levels of inclusion of students with disabilities in 129 school districts. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to address the following research questions: (a) Is there a relationship between economic factors and percentage of highly included students with disabilities in general…
Cosier, Meghan E.; Causton-Theoharis, Julie
We consider first order periodic differential inclusions in RN. The presence of a subdifferential term incorporates in our framework differential variational inequalities in RN. We establish the existence of extremal pe- riodic solutions and we also obtain existence results for the \\
Hollow inclusion stress cell baseline algorithm
This document provides the baseline algorithm for the CSIRO Hollow Inclusion Stress Cell (HISC) used at the Near-Surface Test Facility (NSTF) as a part of the rock instrumentation system for Block Test {number sign}1 (BT {number sign}1). It represents the baseline information available at the time of publication. The purpose of this document is to state the algorithm to be
W. F. White; Kunsoo. Kim
SIGN: Science, Inclusion and Growth in Norfolk.
Science, Inclusion, and Growth in Norfolk (SIGN) is a Public Understanding of Science project that seeks to use the understanding of plant and soil science to demonstrate that people with severe learning difficulties can find the scientific method of inquiry a relevant and rewarding route to self-confidence and an understanding of the events that…
Lefever, David; Symonds, Lynne
Making the Social Visible within Inclusive Classrooms
There is an increasing need to address children's social development in the midst of academic initiatives for early childhood curricula. A study was conducted to make visible and support children's social interactions within inclusive preschool classrooms through documentation from the Reggio Emilia approach. Findings demonstrated that children's…
Katz, Laurie; Galbraith, Jeanne
Viable and Monotone Trajectories of Differential Inclusions.
This paper begins with an exposition of results of Haddad on the solvability of differential inclusion (in which the rate of change x(dot) of the state variable x is restricted to lie in a specified at F(x) and is not given exactly) for a solution x with ...
J. P. Aubin
Seamless Teaching: Navigating the Inclusion Spectrum
In schools across the country, students in special education and general education are increasingly learning together in inclusive classrooms. This is a significant civil-rights achievement, but it also means students in special education are being taught by general education teachers who may not have the training and skills to best serve them.…
Barrett, Lois
Fluid-deposited graphitic inclusions in quartz: Comparison between KTB (German Continental Deep-Drilling) core samples and artificially reequilibrated natural inclusions
We used Raman microsampling spectroscopy (RMS) to determine the degree of crystallinity of minute (2-15 ??m) graphite inclusions in quartz in two sets of samples: experimentally reequilibrated fluid inclusions in a natural quartz grain and biotite-bearing paragneisses from the KTB deep drillhole in SE Germany. Our sequential reequilibration experiments at 725??C on initially pure CO2 inclusions in a quartz wafer and the J. Krautheim (1993) experiments at 900-1100??C on organic compounds heated in gold or platinum capsules suggest that, at a given temperature, (1) fluid-deposited graphite will have a lower crystallinity than metamorphosed organic matter and (2) that the crystallinity of fluid-deposited graphite is affected by the composition of the fluid from which it was deposited. We determined that the precipitation of more-crystalline graphite is favored by lower fH2 (higher fO2), and that the crystallinity of graphite is established by the conditions (including gas fugacities) that pertain as the fluid first reaches graphite saturation. Graphite inclusions within quartz grains in the KTB rocks show a wide range in crystallinity index, reflecting three episodes of carbon entrapment under different metamorphic conditions. Isolated graphite inclusions have the spectral properties of totally ordered, completely crystalline graphite. Such crystallinity suggests that the graphite was incorporated from the surrounding metasedimentary rocks, which underwent metamorphism at upper amphibolite-facies conditions. Much of the fluid-deposited graphite in fluid inclusions, however, shows some spectral disorder. The properties of that graphite resemble those of experimental precipitates at temperatures in excess of 700??C and at elevated pressures, suggesting that the inclusions represent precipitates from C-O-H fluids trapped under conditions near those of peak metamorphism at the KTB site. In contrast, graphite that is intimately associated with chlorite and other (presumably low-temperature) silicates in inclusions is highly disordered and spectrally resembles kerogens. This graphite probably was deposited during later greenschist-facies retrograde metamorphism at about 400-500??C. The degree of crystallinity of fluid-deposited graphite is shown to be a much more complex function of temperature than is the crystallinity of metamorphic graphite. To some extent, experiments can provide temperature-calibration of the crystallinity index. However, the difference in time scales between experimental runs and geologic processes makes it difficult to infer specific temperatures for naturally precipitated graphite. Copyright ?? 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Pasteris, J. D.; Chou, I. -M.
A versatile tripodal host with cylindrical conformation: solvatomorphism, inclusion behavior, and separation of guests.
Tripodal host 2,4,6-tris(1-phenyl-1H-tetrazolylsulfanylmethyl)mesitylene (TPTM) has been synthesized through a facile procedure. As expected, it adopts an all-syn cylindrical configuration, thereby delimiting an inner cavity. To explore the solvatomorphism and inclusion behavior of TPTM, a series of organic and inorganic species were employed as guests to afford 17 inclusion compounds (1, 2, 3 a-3 f, 4 a-4 i) that can be classified into four distinct forms (forms I-IV), under similar conditions. These compounds were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and (1)H NMR studies. In compound 1 with form I, one foot of a TPTM molecule inserts into the cavity of an opposite TPTM molecule to form a dimeric "hand-shake" motif with one acetonitrile molecule occupying the void. Compound 2 with form II contains three types of capsule-shaped dimers, each of which holds a CH(2)Cl(2) molecule as the guest. In compounds 3 a-3 f with form III, each pair of TPTM molecules interdigitates to form a capsule-shaped dimeric unit accommodating a guest molecule in the endo-cavity. In compounds 4 a-4 i with form IV, each TPTM molecule makes contact with three nearby TPTM molecules in a "self-including" manner to generate a graphite-like organic layer, and through further superposition to form open hexagonal channels. From the experimental and theoretical results, the intrinsic properties of guest molecules, such as size, shape, and self-interaction, can be regarded as the main factors leading to these solvatomorphism phenomena and the subtle inclusion behavior of TPTM. Thermogravimetric analyses show that the encapsulated guest molecules in these compounds can be evacuated at relatively high temperatures, and this demonstrates the outstanding inclusion capability of TPTM. In addition, for compound 4 a with benzene molecules in the channels, reversible exchange of toluene and separation of xylene isomers on single crystals have been observed. PMID:21294183
Wei, Wei; Wang, Guo; Zhang, Ying; Jiang, Feilong; Wu, Mingyan; Hong, Maochun
Numerical Simulations of Inclusion Behavior in Gas-Stirred Ladles
A computation fluid dynamics-population balance model (CFD-PBM) coupled model has been proposed to investigate the bubbly plume flow and inclusion behavior including growth, size distribution, and removal in gas-stirred ladles, and some new and important phenomena and mechanisms were presented. For the bubbly plume flow, a modified k- ? model with extra source terms to account for the bubble-induced turbulence was adopted to model the turbulence, and the bubble turbulent dispersion force was taken into account to predict gas volume fraction distribution in the turbulent gas-stirred system. For inclusion behavior, the phenomena of inclusions turbulent random motion, bubbles wake, and slag eye forming on the molten steel surface were considered. In addition, the multiple mechanisms both that promote inclusion growth due to inclusion-inclusion collision caused by turbulent random motion, shear rate in turbulent eddy, and difference inclusion Stokes velocities, and the mechanisms that promote inclusion removal due to bubble-inclusion turbulence random collision, bubble-inclusion turbulent shear collision, bubble-inclusion buoyancy collision, inclusion own floatation near slag-metal interface, bubble wake capture, and wall adhesion were investigated. The importance of different mechanisms and total inclusion removal ratio under different conditions, and the distribution of inclusion number densities in ladle, were discussed and clarified. The results show that at a low gas flow rate, the inclusion growth is mainly attributed to both turbulent shear collision and Stokes collision, which is notably affected by the Stokes collision efficiency, and the inclusion removal is mainly attributed to the bubble-inclusion buoyancy collision and inclusion own floatation near slag-metal interface. At a higher gas flow rate, the inclusions appear as turbulence random motion in bubbly plume zone, and both the inclusion-inclusion and inclusion-bubble turbulent random collisions become important for inclusion growth and removal. With the increase of the gas flow rate, the total removal ratio increases, but when the gas flow rate exceeds 200 NL/min in 150-ton ladle, the total removal ration almost does not change. For the larger size inclusions, the number density in bubbly plume zone is less than that in the sidewall recirculation zones, but for the small size inclusions, the distribution of number density shows the opposite trend.
Lou, Wentao; Zhu, Miaoyong
Huntingtin Acts in the Nucleus to Induce Apoptosis but Death Does Not Correlate with the Formation of Intranuclear Inclusions
The mechanisms by which mutant huntingtin induces neurodegeneration were investigated using a cellular model that recapitulates features of neurodegeneration seen in Huntington's disease. When transfected into cultured striatal neurons, mutant huntingtin induces neurodegeneration by an apoptotic mechanism. Antiapoptotic compounds or neurotrophic factors protected neurons against mutant huntingtin. Blocking nuclear localization of mutant huntingtin suppressed its ability to form intranuclear inclusions
Frédéric Saudou; Steven Finkbeiner; Didier Devys; Michael E Greenberg
Diagenetic palaeotemperatures from aqueous fluid inclusions: re- equilibration of inclusions in carbonate cements by burial heating.
Calculations based on the observed behaviour of inclusions in fluorite under external confining P allows prediction of the T and depths of burial necessary to initiate re-equilibration of aqueous inclusions in the common size range 40-4 mu m. Heating of 20-60oC over the initial trapping T may cause errors of 10-20oC in the homogenization T. This suggests that re-equilibration may cause aqueous inclusions in carbonates to yield a poor record of their low-T history, but a useful record of the maximum T experienced by the host rock. Previous work suggests that inclusions containing petroleum fluids will be less susceptible to re-equilibration.This and the following six abstracts represent papers presented at a joint meeting of the Applied Mineralogy Group of the Mineralogical Society and the Petroleum Group of the Geological Society held in Newcastle upon Tyne in April 1986.-R.A.H.
Burruss, R. C.
Interaction between a crack and a soft inclusion
With the application to weld defects in mind, the interaction problem between a planar-crack and a flat inclusion in an elastic solid is considered. The elastic inclusion is assumed to be sufficiently thin so that the thickness distribution of the stresses in the inclusion may be neglected. The problem is reduced to a system of four integral equations having Cauchy-type dominant kernels. The stress intensity factors are calculated and tabulated for various crack-inclusion geometries and the inclusion to matrix modulus ratios, and for general homogeneous loadiong conditions away from the crack-inclusion region.
Xue-Hui, L.; Erdogan, F.
Evaluation of monoterpenic biogenic volatile organic compounds in ambient air around Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus halepensis and Cedrus atlantica trees growing in Algiers city area by chiral and achiral capillary gas chromatography
The monoterpenic biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in ambient air around either Eucalyptus globulus, Cedrus atlantica and Pinus halepensis trees from El- Hamma Botanical Garden (Algiers) or from Pinus halepensis trees field located in Bab-Ezzouar (suburb of Algiers) was qualitatively and semi-quantitatively evaluated. The sampling was carried out in ambient air by adsorption through an activated charcoal cartridge followed by the carbon disulfide extraction. The solution was subjected to high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) analysis in programmed temperature. The identification of the components was established by the means of retention Kovŕts indexes. The use of a ?-cyclodextrin chiral capillary column allowed a good separation of monoterpenic enantiomers released in the atmosphere. The enantiomeric ratio provided a good insight into the enantiomeric compound preferentially emitted by plants.
Yassaa, Noureddine; Youcef Meklati, Brahim; Cecinato, Angelo
Optimization strategy and validation of one chromatographic method as approach to determine the phenolic compounds from different sources
We have designed a novel working strategy to optimize a unique chromatographic method consisting of diode array detection for the analysis of the most representative phenolic compounds from different food sources. The simultaneous inclusion of standard phenolic compounds, phenolic compounds isolated from food sources and representative real extracts as an ultimate test in analysis has allowed to establish, for the
A. Escarpa; M. C. González
Formalizing Darwinism and inclusive fitness theory.
Inclusive fitness maximization is a basic building block for biological contributions to any theory of the evolution of society. There is a view in mathematical population genetics that nothing is caused to be maximized in the process of natural selection, but this is explained as arising from a misunderstanding about the meaning of fitness maximization. Current theoretical work on inclusive fitness is discussed, with emphasis on the author's 'formal Darwinism project'. Generally, favourable conclusions are drawn about the validity of assuming fitness maximization, but the need for continuing work is emphasized, along with the possibility that substantive exceptions may be uncovered. The formal Darwinism project aims more ambitiously to represent in a formal mathematical framework the central point of Darwin's Origin of Species, that the mechanical processes of inheritance and reproduction can give rise to the appearance of design, and it is a fitting ambition in Darwin's bicentenary year to capture his most profound discovery in the lingua franca of science. PMID:19805422
Inclusion for toddlers with autism spectrum disorders
The present quasi-experimental study examines the outcomes for a group of 102 children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder at age 2 who attended an inclusive toddler program (described by Stahmer and Ingersoll, 2004) until age 3. Outcomes on standardized developmental assessments indicate significant improvement, with large effect sizes, in developmental level, adaptive behavior and communication. Thirty-one of the children (31%) were functioning in the typically developing range when they exited the program at age 3, after an average of 8 months of intervention. Predictors of positive outcomes included length of time in the program, level of words and gestures use at entry and higher externalizing and lower internalizing behavior CBCL scores at entry. Implications for serving toddlers with autism in inclusive settings and suggestions for future research directions are discussed.
Inclusive decay B>etaX
Using data samples taken at the Upsilon(4S) resonance and nearby continuum e+e- annihilation with the CLEO-II detector at CESR, we have measured the inclusive branching fraction B(B-->etaX)=(17.6+\\/-1.1+\\/-1.2)%, and the momentum distribution of the eta mesons from B meson decay. The eta yield cannot be explained as arising solely from the decay of intermediate charmed mesons.
Y. Kubota; M. Lattery; M. Momayezi; J. K. Nelson; S. Patton; R. Poling; V. Savinov; S. Schrenk; R. Wang; M. S. Alam; I. J. Kim; Z. Ling; A. H. Mahmood; J. J. O'neill; H. Severini; C. R. Sun; F. Wappler; G. Crawford; C. M. Daubenmier; R. Fulton; D. Fujino; K. K. Gan; K. Honscheid; H. Kagan; R. Kass; J. Lee; M. Sung; C. White; A. Wolf; M. M. Zoeller; F. Butler; X. Fu; B. Nemati; W. R. Ross; P. Skubic; M. Wood; M. Bishai; J. Fast; E. Gerndt; J. W. Hinson; R. L. McIlwain; T. Miao; D. H. Miller; M. Modesitt; D. Payne; E. I. Shibata; I. P. Shipsey; P. N. Wang; M. Battle; J. Ernst; L. Gibbons; Y. Kwon; S. Roberts; E. H. Thorndike; C. H. Wang; J. Dominick; M. Lambrecht; S. Sanghera; V. Shelkov; T. Skwarnicki; R. Stroynowski; I. Volobouev; G. Wei; P. Zadorozhny; M. Artuso; M. Gao; M. Goldberg; D. He; N. Horwitz; G. C. Moneti; F. Muheim; Y. Mukhin; S. Playfer; Y. Rozen; S. Stone; X. Xing; G. Zhu; J. Bartelt; S. E. Csorna; Z. Egyed; V. Jain; D. Gibaut; K. Kinoshita; P. Pomianowski; B. Barish; M. Chadha; S. Chan; D. F. Cowen; G. Eigen; J. S. Miller; C. O'grady; J. Urheim; A. J. Weinstein; M. Athanas; W. Brower; G. Masek; H. P. Paar; J. Gronberg; C. M. Korte; R. Kutschke; S. Menary; R. J. Morrison; S. Nakanishi; H. N. Nelson; T. K. Nelson; C. Qiao; J. D. Richman; A. Ryd; D. Sperka; H. Tajima; M. S. Witherell; R. Balest; K. Cho; W. T. Ford; D. R. Johnson; K. Lingel; M. Lohner; P. Rankin; J. G. Smith; J. P. Alexander; C. Bebek; K. Berkelman; K. Bloom; T. E. Browder; D. G. Cassel; H. A. Cho; D. M. Coffman; D. S. Crowcroft; P. S. Drell; D. J. Dumas; R. Ehrlich; P. Gaidarev; M. Garcia-Sciveres; B. Geiser; B. Gittelman; S. W. Gray; D. L. Hartill; B. K. Heltsley; S. Henderson; C. D. Jones; S. L. Jones; J. Kandaswamy; N. Katayama; P. C. Kim; D. L. Kreinick; G. S. Ludwig; J. Masui; J. Mevissen; N. B. Mistry; C. R. Ng; E. Nordberg; J. R. Patterson; D. Peterson; D. Riley; S. Salman; M. Sapper; F. Würthwein; P. Avery; A. Freyberger; J. Rodriguez; S. Yang; J. Yelton; D. Cinabro; T. Liu; M. Saulnier; R. Wilson; H. Yamamoto; T. Bergfeld; B. I. Eisenstein; G. Gollin; B. Ong; M. Palmer; M. Selen; J. J. Thaler; K. W. Edwards; M. Ogg; A. Bellerive; D. I. Britton; E. R. Hyatt; D. B. Macfarlane; P. M. Patel; B. Spaan; A. J. Sadoff; R. Ammar; P. Baringer; A. Bean; D. Besson; D. Coppage; N. Copty; R. Davis; N. Hancock; M. Kelly; S. Kotov; I. Kravchenko; N. Kwak; H. Lam
Inclusive jet cross section at D0
Preliminary measurement of the central ({vert_bar}{eta}{vert_bar} {<=} 0.5) inclusive jet cross sections for jet cone sizes of 1.0, 0.7, and 0.5 at D{null} based on the 1992-1993 (13.7 {ital pb}{sup -1}) and 1994-1995 (90 {ital pb}{sup -1}) data samples are presented. Comparisons to Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculations are made.
Bhattacharjee, M. [Delhi Univ. (India). Dept. of Physics and Astrophysics
Epidermal inclusion cyst of the breast
Epidermal inclusion cysts are uncommon in the breast, but the consequences can be severe when these cysts occur in the breast\\u000a parenchyma. Here, we report two such cases. The patient in case 1 was an 85-year-old woman with a 3-cm palpable mass in the\\u000a right breast. Mammography revealed a round and smoothly outlined mass, which indicated a benign tumor, and
Naruto Taira; Kenjiro Aogi; Shozo Ohsumi; Shigemitsu Takashima; Susumu Kawamura; Rieko Nishimura
Inclusive Approach to the Multiplicity Distribution
Starting with the Mueller-Regge assumption, a multiperipheral-like integral equation for the multiplicity generating function is constructed and solved. The integral equation, therefore, involves inclusive parameters only. A one-to-one correspondence between our result and that of an exclusive multiperipheral model is established through a proper orthogonal matrix. Explicit expressions for the multiplicity distribution and correlations are obtained. Possible applications and generalizations
Se-Yuen Mak; Chung-I. Tan
[Unusual location of peritoneal inclusion cysts].
The peritoneal inclusion cyst is a rare, probably congenital, pathology of the mesothelium that develops on coelomatic residues. A case is reported of an unusual location of peritoneal cyst, in which the increase in volume, associated with the patient's concern and the presumed anatomic site of the lesion led to its removal by the laparoscopic route. The type of location and the relative inaccuracy of preoperative imaging are discussed. PMID:19859042
Fronticelli Baldelli, C M; Seghesio, R M; Giaccone, M; Scuderi, S; Senetta, R
Inclusive jet production at the Tevatron
Preliminary results on inclusive jet production in proton-antiproton collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV based on 1 fb{sup -1} of CDF Run II data are presented. Measurements are preformed using different jet algorithms in a wide range of jet transverse momentum and jet rapidity. The measured cross sections are compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations
Norniella, Olga; /Barcelona, IFAE
Diversity and inclusion in the early years
The emphasis on inclusion of diverse learners presents challenges to early?years teachers, particularly those whose understandings have been framed by notions of school readiness and of special education for children with disabilities. This mixed?method study of children and teachers in early?years classes across three school sites in Australia explored factors associated with children's development, achievement and adjustment. The focus went
A. Petriwskyj
Inclusive jet cross section measurement at CDF
The CDF Collaboration has measured the inclusive jet cross section using 1992-93 collider data at 1.8 TeV. The CDF measurement is in very good agreement with NLO QCD predictions for transverse energies (E{sub T}) below 200 GeV. However, it is systematically higher than NLO QCD predictions for E{sub T} above 200 GeV.
Pagliarone, C. [Universita di Torino and INFN, Trieste (Italy)
Inclusive production of D
. The inclusive production of mesons in photon-photon collisions has been measured using the OPAL detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies of 183 and 189 GeV. The mesons are reconstructed in their decay to with the observed in the two decay modes and . After background subtraction, \\u000a mesons have been selected in events without observed scattered beam electron ("anti-tagged") and
K. Ackerstaff; G. Alexander; J. Allison; S. Arcelli; S. Asai; D. Axen; G. Azuelos; I. Bailey; E. Barberio; T. Barillari; S. Baumann; T. Behnke; G. Bella; A. Bellerive; S. Bentvelsen; S. Bethke; S. Betts; O. Biebel; A. Biguzzi; O. Boeriu; D. Bonacorsi; M. Boutemeur; S. Braibant; P. Bright-Thomas; L. Brigliadori; P. Capiluppi; D. Chrisman; C. Ciocca; E. Clay; I. Cohen; J. Couchman; C. Couyoumtzelis; M. Cuffiani; S. Dado; S. Dallison; R. Davis; P. Dervan; K. Desch; B. Dienes; M. Donkers; J. Dubbert; E. Duchovni; G. Duckeck; E. Etzion; F. Fabbri; A. Fanfani; M. Fanti; L. Feld; P. Ferrari; F. Fiedler; M. Fierro; I. Fleck; A. Frey; P. Gagnon; G. Gaycken; C. Geich-Gimbel; G. Giacomelli; P. Giacomelli; D. Glenzinski; J. Goldberg; W. Gorn; C. Grandi; K. Graham; E. Gross; J. Grunhaus; C. Hajdu; M. Hansroul; M. Hapke; K. Harder; A. Harel; M. Harin; M. Hauschild; R. Hawkings; G. Herten; A. Hocker; K. Hoffman; R. Howard; P. Igo-Kemenes; K. Ishii; A. Jawahery; H. Jeremie; M. Jimack; P. Jovanovic; N. Kanaya; J. Kanzaki; G. Karapetian; D. Karlen; V. Kartvelishvili; K. Kawagoe; T. Kawamoto; A. Klier; T. Kobayashi; M. Kobel; M. Kolrep; S. Komamiya; T. Kress; P. Krieger; T. Kuhl; M. Kupper; P. Kyberd; H. Landsman; D. Lanske; J. Lauber; I. Lawson; D. Lellouch; J. Letts; L. Levinson; R. Liebisch; J. Lillich; C. Littlewood; J. Lu; J. Ludwig; A. Macchiolo; A. Macpherson; W. Mader; M. Mannelli; S. Marcellini; G. Martinez; T. Mashimo; J. McKenna; F. Meijers; P. Mendez-Lorenzo; H. Mes; I. Meyer; A. Michelini; S. Mihara; G. Mikenberg; W. Mohr; A. Montanari; T. Mori; K. Nagai; I. Nakamura; R. Nisius; F. Odorici; A. Okpara
Inclusive eta Production at Large Transverse Momenta
We have measured the ratio of inclusive production of eta to pi0 at transverse momenta above 1.5 GeV\\/c. Results are presented for various meson and proton beams with momenta of 100, 200, and 300 GeV\\/c incident upon a hydrogen target. The etapi0 production ratio is found to be independent of incident beam momentum and of the transverse and longitudinal momenta
G. J. Donaldson; H. A. Gordon; K.-W. Lai; I. Stumer; A. V. Barnes; D. J. Mellema; A. V. Tollestrup; R. L. Walker; O. I. Dahl; R. A. Johnson; A. Ogawa; M. Pripstein; S. R. Shannon
Optimization of differential inclusions via finite differences
The author considers a Mayer-type optimization problem for dynamical systems governed by differential inclusions. Such models generalize both standard and nonstandard problems in optimal control for open-loop and closed-loop control systems. He provides a variational analysis of the problem under consideration based on its finite difference approximations. For describing adjoint arcs in necessary optimality conditions, the author's concepts of generalized
B. S. Mordukhovich
Theory Predictions for Inclusive atmospheric Neutrino flux
We describe the history of theory prediction of inclusive atmospheric neutrino flux shortly, then the 3-dimensional calculation of atmospheric neutrino flux in some detail. With the calculated atmospheric neutrino flux for INO and South Pole, we discuss on the relation of atmospheric neutrino flux and geomagnetic field. We find the full 3-dimensional scheme calculation is necessary for the theory prediction of the atmospheric neutrino flux.
Honda, Morihiro
Inclusive J production in Z0 decays
Inclusive J production in Z0 decays is observed via the leptonic decay mode J --> l+l- (l = e,mu). We measure the branching ratio Br(Z0 --> J + X) = (4.1 +\\/- 0.7 (stat.) +\\/- 0.3 (sys.)) × 10-3. We have calculated the fraction of the J mesons from b-hadron decay and find a branching ratio of Br(b --> J
O. Adriani; M. Aguilar-Benitez; S. P. Ahlen; H. Akbari; J. Alcaraz; A. Aloisio; G. Alverson; M. G. Alviggi; G. Ambrosi; O. An; H. Anderhub; A. L. Anderson; V. P. Andreev; T. Angelov; L. Antonov; D. Antreasyan; P. Arce; A. Arefiev; A G Atamanchuk; T. Azemoon; T. Aziz; P. V. K. S. Baba; P. Bagnaia; J. A. Bakken; L. Baksay; R. C. Ball; S. Banerjee; J. Bao; R. Barillčre; L. Barone; R. Battiston; A. Bay; F. Becattini; U. Becker; F. Behner; J. Behrens; S. Beingessner; Gy. L. Bencze; J. Berdugo; P. Berges; B. Bertucci; B. L. Betev; M. Biasini; A. Biland; G. M. Bilei; R. Bizzarri; J. J. Blaising; B. Blumenfeld; Gerjan J Bobbink; M. Bocciolini; R K Böck; A. Böhm; B. Borgia; D. Bourilkov; Maurice Bourquin; D. Boutigny; B T Bouwens; Elena Brambilla; J. G. Branson; I. C. Brock; M. Brooks; C. Buisson; A T Bujak; J. D. Burger; W. J. Burger; J. P. Burq; J K Busenitz; X. D. Cai; M. Capell; M. Caria; G. Carlino; F. Carminati; A. M. Cartacci; M. Cerrada; F. Cesaroni; Y. H. Chang; U. K. Chaturvedi; M. Chemarin; A. Chen; C. Chen; G. M. Chen; H. F. Chen; H. S. Chen; J. Chen; M. L. Chen; W. Y. Chen; G. Chiefari; C. Y. Chien; M. Chmeissani; S. Chung; C. Civinini; I. Clare; R. Clare; T. E. Coan; H. O. Cohn; G. Coignet; N. Colino; A. Contin; F. Crijns; X. T. Cui; X. Y. Cui; T. S. Dai; R. D'Alessandro; R. de Asmundis; A. Degré; K. Deiters; E. Dénes; P. Denes; F. Denotaristefani; M. Dhina; Daryl DiBitonto; M. Diemoz; H. R. Dimitrov; C. Dionisi; M. T. Dova; E. Drago; T. Driever; D. Duchesneau; P. Duinker; H. El Mamouni; A. Engler; F. J. Eppling; P. Extermann; R. Fabbretti; M. Fabre; S. Falciano; O. Fackler; J. Fay; M. Felcini; T. Ferguson; D. Fernandez; G. Fernandez; F. Ferroni; H. Fesefeldt; E. Fiandrini; J. Field; F. Filthaut; G. Finocchiaro; P. H. Fisher; G. Forconi; T. Foreman; K. Freudenreich; W. Friebel; M. Fukushima; M. Gailloud; Yu. Galaktionov; E. Gallo; S. N. Ganguli; P. Garcia-Abia; S. S. Gau; D. Gele; S. Gentile; S. Goldfarb; Z. F. Gong; E. Gonzalez; P. Göttlicher; A. Gougas; D. Goujon; G. Gratta; C. Grinnell; M. Gruenewald; C. Gu; M. Guanziroli; J. K. Guo; V. K. Gupta; A. Gurtu; H. R. Gustafson; L. J. Gutay; K. Hangarter; A. Hasan; D. Hauschildt; C. F. He; T. Hebbeker; M. Hebert; G. Herten; U. Herten; A. Hervé; K. Hilgers; H. Hofer; H. Hoorani; G. Hu; B. Ille; M. M. Ilyas; V. Innocente; H. Janssen; S. Jezequel; B. N. Jin; L. W. Jones; A. Kasser; R. A. Khan; Yu. Kamyshkov; P. Kapinos; J. S. Kapustinsky; Y. Karyotakis; M. Kaur; S. Khokhar; M. N. Kienzle-Focacci; W. W. Kinnison; D. Kirkby; S. Kirsch; W. Kittel; A. Klimentov; E. Koffeman; O. Kornadt; V. Koutsenko; A. Koulbardis; R. W. Kraemer; T. Kramer; V. R. Krastev; W. Krenz; A. Krivschich; H. Kuitjen; K. S. Kumar; A. Kunin; G. Landi; D. Lanske; S. Lanzano; P. Lebrun; P. Lecomte; P. Le Coultre; D. M. Lee; I. Leedom; J. M. Le Goff; R. Leiste; M. Lenti; E. Leonardi; J. Lettry; X. Leytens; C. Li; H. T. Li; P. J. Li; X. G. Li; J. Y. Liao; W. T. Lin; Z. Y. Lin; F. L. Linde; B. Lindemann; D. Linnhofer; L. Lista; Y. Liu; W. Lohmann; E. Longo; Y. S. Lu; J. M. Lubbers; K. Lübelsmeyer; C. Luci; D. Luckey; L. Ludovici; L. Luminari; W. G. Ma; M. MacDermott; P. K. Malhotra; R. Malik; A. Malinin; C. Mańa; D. N. Mao; Y. F. Mao; M. Maolinbay; P A Marchesini; F. Marion; A. Marin; J. P. Martin; L. Martinez-Laso; F. Marzano; G. G. G. Massaro; T. Matsuda; K. Mazumdar; P. McBride; T. McMahon; D. McNally; Th. Meinholz; M. Merk; L. Merola; M. Meschini; W. J. Metzger; Y. Mi; G. B. Mills; Y. Mir; G. Mirabelli; J. Mnich; M. Möller; B. Monteleoni; R. Morand; S. Morganti; N. E. Moulai; R. Mount; S. Müller; A. Nadtochy; E. Nagy; M. Napolitano; H. Newman; C. Neyer; M. A. Niaz; A. Nippe; H. Nowak; G Organtini; D. Pandoulas; S. Paoletti; P. Paolucci; G. Passaleva; S. Patricelli; T. Paul; M. Pauluzzi; F. Pauss; Y. J. Pei; D. Perret-Gallix; J. Perrier; A. Pevsner; D. Piccolo; M. Pieri; P. A. Piroué; F. Plasil; V Pozhidaev; M. Pohl; V. Pojidaev; N. Produit; J. M. Qian; K. N. Qureshi; R. Raghavan; G. Rahal-Callot; G. Raven; P. Razis; K. Read; D. Ren; Z. Ren; M. Rescigno; S. Reucroft; A. Ricker; S. Riemann; O. Rind; H. A. Rizvi; F. J. Rodriguez; B. P. Roe; M. Röhner; S Rosier-Lees; L. Romero; J. Rose; R. Rosmalen; Ph. Rosselet; A. Rubbia; J. A. Rubio; H. Rykaczewski; M. Sachwitz; E. Sajan; J. Salicio; G Sartorelli; A. Santocchia; M. S. Sarakinos; M. Sassowsky; G. Sauvage; V. Schegelsky; K. Schmiemann; D. Schmitz; P. Schmitz; M. Schneegans; H J Schreiber; D. J. Schotanus; S. Shotkin; J. Shukla; R. Schulte; S. Schulte; K. Schultze; J. Schütte; J. Schwenke; G. Schwering; C. Sciacca; I. Scott; R. Sehgal; P. G. Seiler; J. C. Sens; L. Servoli; I. Sheer; D. Z. Shen; S. Shevchenko; X. R. Shi; E. Shumilov; V. Shoutko; E. Soderstrom; A. Sopczak; C. Spartiotis; T. Spickermann; P. Spillantini; R. Starosta; M. Steuer; D. P. Stickland; F. Sticozzi; H. Stone; K. Strauch
This document provides the baseline algorithm for the CSIRO Hollow Inclusion Stress Cell (HISC) used at the Near-Surface Test Facility (NSTF) as a part of the rock instrumentation system for Block Test {number sign}1 (BT {number sign}1). It represents the baseline information available at the time of publication. The purpose of this document is to state the algorithm to be used for the HISC at the NSTF for BT {number sign}1 and the basis for the equations used.
White, W.F.; Kim, Kunsoo.
34 CFR 200.6 - Inclusion of all students.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Inclusion of all students. 200.6 Section 200.6 Education ...Agencies Standards and Assessments § 200.6 Inclusion of all students. A State's academic assessment system...
...1 2009-07-01 2009-07-01 false Inclusion of all students. 200.6 Section 200.6 Education ...Agencies Standards and Assessments § 200.6 Inclusion of all students. A State's academic assessment system...
Fluid inclusions in stony meteorites - A cautionary note
Newly discovered fluid inclusions in thin sections of Bjurbole chondrules, shergottite EETA79001, lunar meteorite ALHA81005, and Apollo 16 glasses possess physical properties similar to those of fluid inclusions found in thin sections of five stony meteorites recently described by Warner et al. (1983). The distribution and physical properties of these new fluid inclusions indicate they may be artifacts of thin section preparation; it is suggested that saw coolant was sucked into vacuum vesicles in glasses and minerals through submicroscopic fractures produced during sawing. The similarities between these fluid inclusions and fluid inclusions previously described by Warner et al. (1983) indicate that many of the fluid inclusions reported earlier may be artifacts. Consequently, the origin of any fluid inclusions observed in thin sections of extraterrestrial materials must be interpreted with caution. The most probable true extraterrestrial fluid inclusions are those that have been observed in grains prepared without exposure to liquids of any kind.
Rudnick, R. L.; Ashwal, L. D.; Henry, D. J.; Gibson, E. K., Jr.; Roedder, E.; Belkin, H. E.; Colucci, M. T.
Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Two-Phase Media: Spherical Inclusions.
The scattering theory, recently developed via the extended method of equivalent inclusion, is used to study the propagation of time-harmonic waves in two-phase media of elastic matrix with randomly distributed elastic spherical inclusion materials. The el...
L. S. Fu Y. C. Sheu
Government-Wide Diversity and Inclusion Strategic Plan, 2011.
This Government-Wide Diversity and Inclusion Strategic Plan (Plan) outlines the implementation of the Presidents Executive Order 13583 on Establishing a Coordinated Government-Wide Initiative to Promote Diversity and Inclusion in the Federal Workforce (th...
Granulitic and eclogitic inclusions from basic pipes at Delegate, Australia
Basic breccia-nephelinite pipes at Delegate (N.S.W., Australia) contain abundant two-pyroxene granulite, garnet granulite and fassaite eclogite inclusions and rare spinel pyroxenite, peridotite and charnockite inclusions.
J. F. Lovering; A. J. R. White
School Change and Inclusive Schools: Lessons Learned from Practice.
Describes 10 lessons to help educators create more inclusive schools for students with disabilities. For example, to develop a successful inclusive school requires major changes in the entire school. (Contains 31 references.) (PKP)
Inclusion bodies and hepatopathies in psittacines.
Intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatic cells of seven Peach-faced Lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis), two Black-masked Love birds (A. personata) and two galahs (Cacatua roseicapilla) were examined electron microscopically. Thin sections were prepared from formalin-fixed Epon-embedded tissue or from haematoxylin and eosin stained sections that were subsequently embedded in Epon. Discrete and diffuse eosinophilic inclusions in hepatocytes of eight birds were composed of filaments and virus particles were not demonstrated within them. Virus-like particles of at least three types were found in diffuse, lightly basophilic inclusions of similar appearance in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells or endothelial cells in four birds. Particles, 66 nm in diameter which were probably adenovirus were demonstrated in hepatocytes in one A. roseicollis. Particles 26 nm to 39 nm in diameter which resembled papovaviruses were seen in one A. personata and one C. roseicapilla. Particles of 40 nm to 50 nm in diameter were seen in one A. personata but because of the method of preparation it was not possible to state whether they were adenovirus or papovavirus. PMID:18766647
Pass, D A
Examining American Indians' Recall of Cultural Inclusion in School
This research examined American Indians' recall of cultural inclusion from their elementary through high school education. Sixteen American Indians described their experiences of schools to peer interviewers. Analysis of interviews revealed three themes: the nature of cultural inclusion, factors influencing cultural inclusion, and recommendations…
Freng, Scott; Freng, Adrienne; Moore, Helen
Beyond Microsystems: Unanticipated Lessons about the Meaning of Inclusion.
Describes lessons learned from a qualitative study of 16 inclusive preschool programs. Lessons focus on the meaning of inclusion as it relates to organizational and social contexts experienced and perceived by families, educators, and administrators. Suggestions are made for addressing challenges without abandoning the commitment to inclusive…
Janko, Susan; Schwartz, Ilene; Sandall, Susan; Anderson, Kristen; Cottam, Carolyn
Inclusive Education and Students without Special Educational Needs
Background: In the debate on inclusive education, students without special educational needs (SEN) are an important topic. However, there is a lot unknown about differences between these typical students in inclusive and non-inclusive classes. For example, the neutral results that are often found in earlier research could be caused by positive…
Ruijs, Nienke M.; Van der Veen, Ineke; Peetsma, Thea T. D.
Preparing Teachers for Full Inclusion: Is It Possible?
Argues that full inclusion capitalizes on emotions, and differences among students are very real. Some students need very structured environments not provided by full inclusion. Referring to the history of U.S. special education, the paper expresses concern that full inclusion would undo previous progress and concludes that it is impossible to…
Mock, Devery R.; Kauffman, James M.
Electrical response of heterogeneous systems with inclusions of arbitrary structure
We present an analytic approach to the electrical response of heterogeneous systems with inclusions of arbitrary structure. The exact local field acting on the inclusions, the multipole moments, and the effective dielectric function are obtained in terms of the polarization coefficients of the inclusions, the system configuration, and the applied electric field. We then provide the results for disordered systems
Liang Fu; Lorenzo Resca
Development of the Inclusion Attitude Scale for High School Teachers
This study involved the development of a new scale to measure high school teacher attitudes toward the inclusion of students with disabilities in regular education classrooms. A second aim was to examine the relationship of teachers' professional development regarding inclusion, their years of experience with inclusion, access to instructional…
Ernst, Catherine; Rogers, Margaret R.
Mixed Feelings: Towards a Continuum of Inclusive Pedagogies
This paper presents approaches to inclusion taken by primary teachers and discusses the institutional contexts in which these are located. Focusing on the development of enabling practices for the inclusion of children accredited with "special educational needs" (SEN), a continuum of approaches is identified, ranging from inclusive to…
Wilde, Alison; Avramidis, Elias
Inclusion in Viet Nam: More than a Decade of Implementation.
This article traces the evolution of special education policies and services and the introduction of inclusive education as a service delivery model in Viet Nam. The impact of a series of inclusion projects and resultant goals of the Ministry of Education and Training to expand inclusive education are described. (Contains 8 references.) (Author/CR)
Villa, Richard A.; Tac, Le Van; Muc, Pham Minh; Ryan, Susan; Thuy, Nguyen Thi Minh; Weill, Cindy; Thousand, Jacqueline S.
Inclusive Education, Exclusion and Difficult Difference: A Call for Humanity?
This article presents the author's review of three books: (1) "The irregular school: exclusion, schooling and inclusive education," by Roger Slee; (2) "Confronting obstacles to inclusion: international responses to developing inclusive education," edited by Richard Rose; and (3) ""Hanging in with the kids" in tough times: engagement in contexts of…
Rogers, Chrissie
Variables Affecting Teachers' Attitudes towards Inclusive Education in Bangladesh
Inclusive education is a worldwide reform strategy intended to include students with different abilities in mainstream regular schools. Evidence from previous research shows that success in implementing effective inclusive teaching practices in the school is contingent on teachers' positive attitudes towards inclusive education. This study was…
Ahmmed, Masud; Sharma, Umesh; Deppeler, Joanne
Preparing Teachers for Inclusion: Jordanian Preservice Early Childhood Teachers' Perspectives
This study was conducted during a period of national educational reforms in Jordan to investigate Jordanian preservice early childhood teachers' attitudes toward inclusion and the adequacy of their current preparation for implementing inclusion. The study also sought to identify the perceived concerns of preservice early childhood teachers about inclusion in early childhood settings in Jordan. A qualitative interpretive methodology was
Merfat Fayez; Kholoud Dababneh; Ibrahim Jumiaan
Practical considerations in refolding proteins from inclusion bodies
Refolding of proteins from inclusion bodies is affected by several factors, including solubilization of inclusion bodies by denaturants, removal of the denaturant, and assistance of refolding by small molecule additives. We will review key parameters associated with (1) conformation of the protein solubilized from inclusion bodies, (2) change in conformation and flexibility or solubility of proteins during refolding upon reduction
Kouhei Tsumoto; Daisuke Ejima; Izumi Kumagai; Tsutomu Arakawac
Embracing Diversity: Toolkit for Creating Inclusive Learning-Friendly Environments
An inclusive, learning-friendly environment (ILFE) welcomes, nurtures, and educates all children regardless of their gender, physical, intellectual, socio-economic, emotional, linguistic and other characteristics. "Inclusive" in the school setting generally refers to the inclusion or children with disabilities into regular classrooms designed for…
Harris, Ray; Miske, Shirley; Attig, George
School and Classroom Practices in Inclusive Education in Australia
This article describes practices in inclusive education in Australian schools and classrooms. In discussing the changes that schools have made in order to be inclusive and responsive to student diversity, the author refers to one Australian school and its re-organization and also to recent Australian research on building inclusive school cultures.…
van Kraayenoord, Christina E.
Professional development and inclusive schools: Reflections on effective practice
Increasingly, students with disabilities are being included in general education classrooms as inclusive school programs are developed and implemented. If inclusive programs are to be successful, teachers must be well prepared to accept new roles and responsibilities. To ensure that teachers support inclusive programs and are well prepared to meet student needs, high?quality professional development programs are critical. This article
James McLeskey; Nancy L. Waldron
Trekking Back to Mainstream for Inclusive Education, Is It There?
This paper explores the ecosystemic management strategies for inclusive schools due to challenges faced by the schools in the mainstream school where learners from the specialised institutions are referred back to mainstream for inclusive education. Ecosystemic perspective on inclusive education, ecological theories and systems theories underpin…
Kalenga, Rosemary Chimbala; Fourie, Elsa
Examining Teachers' Concerns and Attitudes to Inclusive Education in Ghana
This paper reports on a study that examined teachers' concerns and attitude toward inclusive education of students with disabilities in Ghana. A 20 item Attitudes Toward Inclusion in Africa Scale (ATIAS) was completed by 100 teachers from five "Inclusive Project" schools and five Non-Project coeducational basic schools in three different…
Agbenyega, Joseph
The Solar System's Earliest Chemistry: Systematics of Refractory Inclusions
Refractory inclusions, or CAIs (calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions) are a unique ingredient in chondritic meteorites. As the name suggests, they are enriched in refractory elements, essentially reflecting a condensation sequence of phases from a cooling gas of solar composition. However, the widespread preservation of diverse isotopic anomalies is not compatible with the inclusions having been in a gaseous form. Rather, the CAIs
Trevor R. Ireland; Bruce Fegley Jr
Pre-Service Educators' Attitudes towards Inclusive Education
The inclusion of learners with special educational needs in general education is becoming more prevalent. As a result various special education researchers have begun to examine the success of inclusion, as well as the attitudes and beliefs of general educators towards the inclusion of learners with disabilities in the general education classroom.…
Mdikana, Andile; Ntshangase, Sibusiso; Mayekiso, Tokozile
Epistemological Beliefs and Attitudes toward Inclusion in Preservice Teachers
Previous investigations suggest that in addition to positive attitudes toward inclusion, high-level beliefs about knowledge and learning (i.e., epistemological beliefs) are essential for all teachers of students with disabilities in inclusive settings. This study examined the attitudes toward inclusion and epistemological belief status of 71…
Silverman, Jenzi C.
Inclusive design in the U.K. and its U.S. counterpart, universal design, present opportunities and challenges to industry. In order to encourage manufacturers and design companies to adopt more inclusive design practices, the research has been carried out to gain an understanding of why and how companies adopt inclusive design practices, what are the barriers when implementing them and what are
H Dong; S Keates; P J Clarkson
Mbosi: an anomalous iron with unique silicate inclusions
The Mbosi iron meteorite contains millimeter size silicate inclusions. Mbosi is an ungrouped iron with a Ge\\/Ga ratio >10, an anomalous property shared with the five-member IIF iron group, the Eagle Station pallasites and four other ungrouped irons. Neither the IIF group nor the four other ungrouped irons are known to have silicate inclusions. Chips from three Mbosi inclusions were
Edward J. Olsen; Robert N. Clayton; Toshiko K. Mayeda; Andrew M. Davis; Roy S. Clarke Jr.; John T. Wasson
Needs-Based Services: A Responsible Approach to Inclusion.
This article outlines principles of a needs-based approach to the inclusion of students with emotional and behavioral disorders and describes implications for inclusion in three areas: (1) provision of services; (2) curriculum; and (3) behavior management. The article also addresses the responsible limits of inclusion from a needs-based…
Cessna, K. Kay; Skiba, Russell J.
Inclusion Education and the Developing Countries: The Case of Bangladesh
Following the trends of "Inclusion" movement in the USA and some Western countries, a number of Developing countries have been imbued with the philosophy of inclusion education. Some of these countries have enacted laws to safeguard the educational rights and welfare of children with disabilities, and others have been trying to initiate inclusion…
Kibria, Gholam
The Czech Way of Inclusion through an Experiential Education Framework
The purpose of this article is to present the development of inclusive experiential education courses in the Czech Republic. The inclusion of people with disabilities (PWD) in recreation, sport, and education has become more prevalent in Czech society. This article describes the conceptual meaning of the term inclusion from both a historical and…
Kudlacek, Martin; Bocarro, Jason; Jirasek, Ivo; Hanus, Radek
Fluid inclusions, deformation and recrystallization in granite tectonites
An investigation has been made of the relationships between tectonic processes and fluid inclusions in quartz from variably deformed and syntectonically recrystallized granitic rocks from the Lachlan Fold Belt, eastern Australia. The quartz contains many fluid inclusions which decorate healed fractures introduced as a result of late-stage brittle deformation. The majority of small inclusions however, are associated with deformation band
Ronald W. T. Wilkins; John P. Barkas
Successful Strategies for Inclusion at the Middle Level.
Discusses the inclusion of students with special needs into the team-taught middle school environment. Notes existing middle school factors supporting successful inclusion and additional support needs, teaching models for the inclusive classroom, grouping practices, cooperative learning, peer tutoring, multiple intelligences, instructional…
Waldron, Karen A.; Allen, Laura Van Zandt
Inclusion: The Pros and Cons--A Critical Review
The purpose of this paper was to review, analyze, and critique the pros and cons, the advantages and disadvantages, of inclusion. The methodology consisted in analyzing and comparing research findings on the benefits and costs of inclusion. Federal legislation and regulations on inclusion were examined, analyzed, and discussed. The results showed…
Savich, Carl
The Reggio Emilia Approach and Inclusive Early Childhood Programs.
Discusses benefits of inclusion in preschool and compares educational practices of high-quality inclusive preschools in the United States with those characterizing the Reggio Emilia approach. Offers recommendations for better serving children with special needs in inclusive settings, including viewing teachers as researchers, and using…
Vakil, Shernavaz; Freeman, Ramona; Swim, Terry Jo
Compounding in Ukraine.
Pharmaceutical compounding in modern Ukraine has a rich history and goes back to ancient times. Today in the Ukraine, there is a revival of compounding practice, the opening of private compounding pharmacies, updating of legislative framework and requirements of the State Pharmacopeia of Ukraine for compounding preparations, and the introduction of Good Pharmaceutical Practice. PMID:23696172
Zdoryk, Oleksandr A; Georgiyants, Victoriya A; Gryzodub, Oleksandr I; Schnatz, Rick
Effect of reduction ratio, inclusion size and distance between inclusions on wire breaks in Cu fine wiredrawing
The presence of an inclusion in wire makes wire breaks easy to occur even with a high reduction ratio. The investigation presented here is mainly aimed at determining the reduction ratio when size of an inclusion, application of back tension and distance between inclusions are considered. In order to investigate the effect of back tension on wire breaks, the applied
Hoon Cho; Hyung-Ho Jo; Sang-Gon Lee; Byung-Min Kim; Young-Jig Kim
Does Study of an Inclusive Education Subject Influence Pre-Service Teachers' Concerns and Self-Efficacy about Inclusion?
Survey data were collected from pre-service teachers studying at a large regional Australian university. These data were examined with the purpose of determining whether pre-service teachers' views (and concerns) about inclusion and their confidence to teach in inclusive classrooms had changed as a result of studying an inclusive education subject…
Woodcock, Stuart; Hemmings, Brian; Kay, Russell
Inclusion of poly-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules in a functionalized layered double hydroxide
The internal surface of an Mg-Al layered double hydroxide has been functionalized by anchoring carboxy-methyl derivatized\\u000a ?-cyclodextrin cavities to the gallery walls. Neutral polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules have been included within the\\u000a functionalized solid by driving the hydrophobic aromatic molecules from a polar solvent into the less polar interior of the\\u000a anchored cyclodextrin cavities by a partitioning process. The optical
L. Mohanambe; S. Vasudevan
The composition of mineral inclusions in the olivines of pallasites
An examination of a number of pallasite meteorites revealed the composition of primary and secondary solid inclusions as well as the composition of gaseous inclusions in the olivines. It is shown that the gaseous inclusions in the olivine of the Bragin meteorite consist of nitrogen and rare gases as well as carbon dioxide and hydrogen; the absence of oxygen is evidence of reduction during crystallization. Both one-phase and two-phase inclusions were disclosed; the two-phase inclusions consist of both solid and gaseous components. Phosphate minerals reveal traces of the spontaneous fission of uranium, plutonium-244, and possibly an unknown superheavy element.
Kolomenskii, V. D.; Dolivo-Dobrovolskaia, G. I.; Perelygin, V. P.
Cumberland Falls chondritic inclusions. III - Consortium study of relationship to inclusions in Allan Hills 78113 aubrite
The contents of Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, U, and Zn in large chondritic clasts from the Cumbersand Falls aubrite were determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis, and the results, together with the results of a mineralogical investigation, were compared with respective data obtained for three primitive inclusions from the ALH A78113 aubrite. The results indicated that the clasts from both aubrite sources constitute a single chondritic suite. The analyses data, together with the results of thermoluminescence data for Cumberland Falls chondritic inclusions and achondritic host, indicate that inclusions in Cumberland Falls and in ALH A78113 aubrite represent a primitive chondrite sample suite whose properties were established during primary nebular accretion and condensation over a broad redox range.
Lipschutz, Michael E.; Verkouteren, R. Michael; Sears, Derek W. G.; Hasan, Fouad A.; Prinz, Martin
Study on inclusion interaction of piroxicam with ?-cyclodextrin derivatives
The inclusion behavior of piroxicam (PX) with ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD), hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin (HP-?-CD), and carboxymethyl-?-cyclodextrin (CM-?-CD) was investigated by using steady-state fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The various factors affecting the inclusion process were examined in detail. The remarkable fluorescence emission enhancement upon addition of CDs suggested that cyclodextrins (CDs) were most suitable for inclusion of the uncharged species of PX. The stoichiometry of the PX-CDs inclusion complexes was 1:1, except for ?-CD where a 1:2 inclusion complex was formed. The formation constants showed the strongest inclusion capacity of ?-CD. NMR showed the inclusion mode of PX with CDs.
Xiliang, Guo; Yu, Yang; Guoyan, Zhao; Guomei, Zhang; Jianbin, Chao; Shaomin, Shuang
An overview on current fluid-inclusion research and applications
This paper provides an overview of some of the more important developments in fluid-inclusion research and applications in recent years, including fluid-inclusion petrography, PVTX studies, and analytical techniques. In fluid-inclusion petrography, the introduction of the concept of 'fluid-inclusion assemblage' has been a major advance. In PVTX studies, the use of synthetic fluid inclusions and hydrothermal diamond-anvil cells has greatly contributed to the characterization of the phase behaviour of geologically relevant fluid systems. Various analytical methods are being developed and refined rapidly, with the Laser-Raman and LA-ICP-MS techniques being particularly useful for volatile and solute analyses, respectively. Ore deposit research has been and will continue to be the main field of application of fluid inclusions. However, fluid inclusions have been increasingly applied to other fields of earth science, especially in petroleum geology and the study of magmatic and earth interior processes.
Chi, G.; Chou, I. -M.; Lu, H. -Z.
Polarization Phenomena in Inclusive Nucleon Transfer Reactions
The theory of the polarization phenomena in the inclusive one- and two-nucleon transfer reactions (d,n) and (3H,n) at intermediate energies is developed on the basis of the S-matrix approach. Since the parameters of the S-matrix are found from fitting the experimental data for the elastic scattering of protons by the nuclei, the calculated polarization observables of the neutrons released in reactions 40Ca(d,n), 208Pb(d,n), 40Ca(3H,n) and 208Pb(3H,n) in the wide energy region do not have any free parameters.
Berezhnoy, Yu. A.; Slipko, V. A.
Inclusion body myositis associated with Sjögren's syndrome.
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) belongs to the group of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. It is a poorly understood disease, which affects skeletal muscles. IBM usually occurs as an isolated condition, but in some cases, it may be associated with another autoimmune disorder, Sjögren's syndrome. We report a case of a 47-year-old woman with headaches, symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia, progressive weakness in muscles of the upper and lower extremities and symptoms of dry eyes and mouth. On admission, creatine kinase level was increased to 6,956 IU/mL and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to 1,011 U/L in the serum. The increase in inflammatory factor (CRP, ESR) levels was not found. The diagnosis of inclusion body myositis associated with Sjögren's syndrome was established on the basis of clinical picture and diagnostic tests. In this therapy, methotrexate and methylprednisolone were administered. The considerable improved muscle strength in the upper and lower extremities, improved speech and swallowing, disappearance of headache and reduction in CPK and LDH levels were found 8 months after establishing the diagnosis. Treatment with methotrexate and methylprednisolone improved the clinical symptoms and quality of life of this patient and may offer a therapeutic option for some patients with IBM and concomitant Sjögren's syndrome. PMID:23233115
Misterska-Skóra, Maria; Sebastian, Agata; Dzi?giel, Piotr; Sebastian, Maciej; Wiland, Piotr
Transformation of Alumina Inclusions by Calcium Treatment
The objectives of this study were to investigate reactions of calcium with Al2O3 by different model experiments both on the laboratory and on the industrial scale. Experiments with solid Al2O3 and CaO were performed between 1350 °C and 1600 °C. Reaction rate constants were determined based on scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) observations of reaction products and weight measurements of the Al2O3 reacted via dissolution of the CaO bearing phases from the specimens after the annealing period. The results showed that the formation of calcium aluminate phases proceeded rapidly at temperatures greater than 1405 °C when a liquid calcium aluminate was formed. In the lowest temperature range (1350 °C-1405 °C), when the formation of liquid phase ceased, the reaction rate was several orders of magnitude lower. Industrial trials including Ca-alloy injection into steel, sampling and SEM/EDS analyses, as well as an inclusion rating in the samples show the concept of rapid transformation of the alumina inclusions with Ca treatment.
Lind, Minna; Holappa, Lauri
Interrogating inclusive development in India's transition process.
This paper makes two related contributions. First, the dual economic structure underlying development is shown as producing a distinct conception of other comprising of a devalued third world which is foregrounded and world of the third which is excluded. This dyad of inclusion-exclusion of other is produced in relation to the centers of capitalism and modernism. The category of third world helps to displace the language-experience-logic-ethos of the other a la world of the third such that development works over and transforms world of the third, but via the trope of a devalued third world. We then use this framework to explore the relation of global capitalism with world of the third in the Indian context, a relation that is shown to be two fold. There is on one hand an attempt to dismantle world of the third as part of the development trope of overcoming the third world. On the other, through inclusive development, an attempt is made to directly intervene in the economy of world of the third so as to address the problems of income inequality and social exclusion, again under the trope of uplifting the devalued third world. PMID:23390797
Chakrabarti, Anjan; Dhar, Anup
Psychology's Role in Inclusive Education: Observations from New Brunswicks's Recent Review of Inclusion
Psychologists are amongst the professionals who assess children to identify and prescribe for those with learning differences. They currently carry out these assessments in the context of the practice of inclusive education that involves providing for all children's educational needs in regular classroom settings. Recently, some psychologists have…
Williams, Robert B.; French, Laurence A.
Transforming for Inclusive Practice: Professional Development to Support the Inclusion of Students Labelled as Emotionally Disturbed
Few models of professional development (PD) are designed to bring about the fundamental shifts in thinking about student behaviour that can support the inclusion of students labelled as having emotional/behavioural disabilities within general education classrooms. In this paper, we seek to accomplish two goals: (1) we briefly delineate the…
Naraian, Srikala; Ferguson, Dianne L.; Thomas, Natalie
Preparing Teachers for Inclusive Education: Using Inclusive Pedagogy to Enhance Teaching and Learning for All
As the concept of "inclusive education" has gained currency, students who would previously have been referred to specialist forms of provision, having been judged "less able", are now believed to belong in mainstream classrooms. However, it is often argued that teachers lack the necessary knowledge and skills to work with such students in…
Florian, Lani; Linklater, Holly
Bridging the gap between inclusive policy and inclusive culture in secondary schools
Organisational support from a number of levels needs to be in place if schools are going to achieve success in developing an inclusive school culture. Support at policy level is frequently in place, however the gap between policy and practice is a continuing challenge. In this in-depth study of a secondary school Suzanne Carrington and John Elkins offer insights into
Suzanne Carrington; John Elkins
Inclusion, Power, and Community: Teachers and Students Interpret the Language of Community in an Inclusion Classroom
To illuminate the processes of creating learning communities, this study investigated the social context of an inclusion classroom by examining (a) how teachers established a community ethos, (b) how students responded with regard to the positioning of students with disabilities, and (c) how macro discourses possibly shaped interactional…
Wiebe Berry, Ruth A.
Selection, Inclusion, Evaluation and Defense of Transgender-Inclusive Fiction for Young Adults: A Resource Guide
An increasingly visible youth transgender population is emerging and the number of transgender-inclusive fiction texts for young adults is growing. Adults serving teens in schools, libraries, and community agencies must begin actively pursuing, utilizing, and incorporating these texts into resource collections. This article provides an overview of…
Rockefeller, Elsworth I.
Reproductive toxicity testing of pharmaceutical compounds to support the inclusion of women in clinical trials
1 The potential for toxicity to reproduction and the developing fetus is an important concern requiring attention during the development of new medicines. However, there are differences in the opinions of the regulatory authorities in Europe, Japan and the USA regarding the nature and amount of data from reproductive toxicity tests that should be available at the various stages of
Chris Parkinson; Kate E Thomas; Cyndy E Lumley
Refractory inclusions in the unique carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094
Acfer 094 is an unshocked, nearly unaltered carbonaceous chondrite with an unusual suite of refractory inclusions. The refractory inclusions in a newly prepared thin section and a small aliquot of disaggregated material were studied to compare the population with previous work, and to report new or unusual inclusion types. A total of 289 Ca-, Al-rich inclusions in the thin section and 67 among the disaggregated material, having a total of 31 different mineral assemblages, were found. Inclusions are largely free of secondary alteration products, and are typically ?200 ?m across. The most common are gehlenitic melilite+spinel±perovskite, spinel+perovskite, and spinel with a thin, silicate rim, typically melilite±diopside. Such rims and (thicker) mantles are very common among Acfer 094 inclusions, and they exhibit a variety of zoning patterns with respect to ĺkermanite and FeO contents. In the thin section, about 13% of the inclusions contain hibonite and approximately 5% are grossite-bearing; in the disaggregated material, the percentages are 14 and 9, respectively, comparable to previous work. Among the unusual inclusions are a fine-grained, porous, Ti-rich hibonite+spinel+perovskite+melilite inclusion with a compact, coarse, Ti-poor hibonite+spinel+melilite clast; two inclusions in which hibonite has reacted to form grossite; two inclusions with FeO-rich spinel; and a small object consisting of fassaite enclosing euhedral spinel, the first fragment of a Type B inclusion reported from Acfer 094. Inclusions similar to those found in CM or CV chondrites are rare; Acfer 094 contains a distinctive population of inclusions. The population, dominated by small, melilite-bearing inclusions, is most similar to that of CO chondrites. A distinguishing feature is that in Acfer 094, almost every phase in almost every refractory inclusion contains 0.5-1.5 wt% FeO. A lack of diffusion gradients and the pristinity of the matrix imply that the inclusions experienced prolonged exposure to FeO-bearing fluid prior to accretion into the Acfer 094 parent body. There are no known nebular conditions under which the refractory phases found in the present samples could acquire FeO enrichments to the observed levels. The most likely setting is therefore in an earlier, FeO-rich parent body. The inclusions were ejected from this parent body, mixed with typical CAIs, chondrules, amoeboid olivine aggregates, and amorphous material, and incorporated into the Acfer 094 parent body.
Simon, Steven B.; Grossman, Lawrence
Zn release from fluid inclusions in a natural sphalerite
The type, size, and compositions of fluid inclusions in a natural sphalerite were investigated and the total concentration of Zn released from the fluid inclusions was measured. To compare the total concentration of Zn released from the fluid inclusions with that dissolved from the sphalerite itself, dissolution experiments and theoretical calculations for the dissolution equilibrium of the sphalerite were also performed. The results indicate that large numbers of fluid inclusions with various sizes exist in the sphalerite, which can be divided into four types, i.e., pure gaseous inclusions, pure liquid inclusions, gas-liquid inclusions, and gas-liquid inclusions containing solid minerals. These inclusions were broken open during the grinding process, and their compositions were released to the solution. The total concentration of Zn released from these inclusions reaches 18.35×10-6 mol/L, which is much higher than that of Zn dissolved from the sphalerite itself (1.93×10-6 mol/L) and the theoretical calculation value (2.73×10-8 mol/L).
Wen, Shu-ming; Liu, Jian; Li, Bo; Han, Run-sheng; Zhang, Yi; Deng, Jiu-shuai
Acidophilic halophilic microorganisms in fluid inclusions in halite from Lake Magic, Western Australia.
Lake Magic is one of the most extreme of hundreds of ephemeral acid-saline lakes in southern Western Australia. It has pH as low as 1.7, salinity as high as 32% total dissolved solids, temperatures ranging from 0°C to 50°C, and an unusually complex aqueous composition. Optical petrography, UV-vis petrography, and laser Raman spectrometry were used to detect microorganisms and organic compounds within primary fluid inclusions in modern bedded halite from Lake Magic. Rare prokaryotes appear as 1-3??m, bright cocci that fluoresce green with UV-vis illumination. Dimpled, 5-7??m yellow spherules that fluoresce blue with UV-vis illumination are interpreted as Dunaliella algae. Yellow-orange beta-carotene crystals, globules, and coatings are characterized by orange-red fluorescence and three distinct Raman peaks. Because acid saline lakes are good Mars analogues, the documentation of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and organic compounds preserved in the halite here has implications for the search for life on Mars. Missions to Mars should incorporate such in situ optical and chemical examination of martian evaporites for possible microorganisms and/or organic compounds in fluid inclusions. PMID:23971647
Conner, Amber J; Benison, Kathleen C
Decal Removal Compound.
The patent application describes a decal removal compound which loosens the adhesive which bonds the decal to an aircraft's painted surface without adversely affecting the underlying protective paint system. The compound includes three active solvents, vi...
J. H. Vinson
Compositions comprising modafinil compounds
Particle-forming compositions of modafinil compounds, and aqueous compositions of particles, wherein the particles comprise a modafinil compound, are disclosed, along with methods of their preparation, and their use in the treatment of diseases.
Dinitroso and polynitroso compounds
The growing interest in the chemistry of C-nitroso compounds (RN=O; R = alkyl or aryl group) is due in part to the recognition of their participation in various metabolic processes of nitrogen-containing compounds. C-Nitroso compounds have a rich organic chemistry in their own right, displaying interesting intra- and intermolecular dimerization processes and addition reactions with unsaturated compounds. In addition, they have a fascinating coordination chemistry. While most of the attention has been directed towards C-nitroso compounds containing a single –NO moiety, there is an emerging area of research dealing with dinitroso and polynitroso compounds. In this critical review, we present and discuss the synthetic routes and properties of these relatively unexplored dinitroso and polynitroso compounds, and suggest areas of further development involving these compounds. (126 references.)
Gowenlock, Brian G.; Richter-Addo, George B.
Compounds affecting cholesterol absorption
A class of novel compounds is described for use in affecting lymphatic absorption of cholesterol. Compounds of particular interest are defined by Formula I: ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Hua, Duy H. (Inventor); Koo, Sung I. (Inventor); Noh, Sang K. (Inventor)
Photochemistry of uranium compounds
This paper reviews the unclassified progress on the photochemistry of the following uranium compounds: UF/sub 6/, othe uranium halides, classical coordination complexes, uranium alkoxides, organometallic compounds, and uranium borohydride. Uranyl compounds are mentioned briefly. Recommendations for future studies are given. 61 references. (DLC)
Paine, R.T.; Kite, M.S.
Inclusion formation in low-alloy steel welds
This paper summarizes four models for describing inclusion formation in steel welds. These methods include simple fixed oxidation sequence model, thermodynamic model, thermodynamic-kinetic model, and thermodynamic-kinetic-fluid flow model. Complexities of these models increase with a need to describe details of the inclusion formation. The applicability of the models was illustrated with two examples. In one of the examples, thermodynamic calculations of phase stability between liquid steel, AlN and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} explained the inclusion formation in self-shielded flux cored arc weld. In the second example, thermodynamic-kinetic calculations illustrated the competing effects of weld metal composition and cooling rate effects on the inclusion formation in electron beam and laser beam welds. Limitations of the current inclusion models and recommendations for future work on the inclusion formation were highlighted.
Babu, S.S.; David, S.A. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); DebRoy, T. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Inclusive J production in Z 0 decays
Inclusive J production in Z 0 decays is observed via the leptonic decay mode J ? ? +? - (? = e, ?). We measure the branching ratio Br(Z 0 ? J + X) = (4.1 ± 0.7 (stat.) ± 0.3 (sys.)) × 10 -3. We have calculated the fraction of the J mesons from b-hadron decay and find a branching ratio of Br(b ? J + X)= (1.3±0.2(stat.)±0.2(sys.)) × 10 -2. We determine the average fractional energy of bottom hadrons < XE > = 0.70±0.03 (stat.) +0.02-0.01 (sys.) using the momentum spectrum of the J mesons. From a study of the angle between the J and the most energetic jet, we set an upper limit on the branching ratio Br( Z0 ? qoverlineqg?; g? ? J + X) < 7.0 × 10 -4at 90% confidence level.
Adriani, O.; Aguilar-Benitez, M.; Ahlen, S.; Akbari, H.; Alcaraz, J.; Aloisio, A.; Alverson, G.; Alviggi, M. G.; Ambrosi, G.; An, O.; Anderhub, H.; Anderson, A. L.; Andreev, V. P.; Angelov, T.; Antonov, L.; Antreasyan, D.; Arce, P.; Arefiev, A.; Atamanchuk, A.; Azemoon, T.; Aziz, T.; Baba, P. V. K. S.; Bagnaia, P.; Bakken, J. A.; Baksay, L.; Ball, R. C.; Banerjee, S.; Bao, J.; Barillčre, R.; Barone, L.; Battiston, R.; Bay, A.; Becattini, F.; Becker, U.; Behner, F.; Behrens, J.; Beingessner, S.; Bencze, Gy. L.; Berdugo, J.; Berges, P.; Bertucci, B.; Betev, B. L.; Biasini, M.; Biland, A.; Bilei, G. M.; Bizzarri, R.; Blaising, J. J.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bocciolini, M.; Bock, R.; Böhm, A.; Borgia, B.; Bourilkov, D.; Bourquin, M.; Boutigny, D.; Bouwens, B.; Brambilla, E.; Branson, J. G.; Brock, I. C.; Brooks, M.; Buisson, C.; Bujak, A.; Burger, J. D.; Burger, W. J.; Burq, J. P.; Busenitz, J.; Cai, X. D.; Capell, M.; Caria, M.; Carlino, G.; Carminati, F.; Cartacci, A. M.; Cerrada, M.; Cesaroni, F.; Chang, Y. H.; Chaturvedi, U. K.; Chemarin, M.; Chen, A.; Chen, C.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. F.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, J.; Chen, M. L.; Chen, W. Y.; Chiefari, G.; Chien, C. Y.; Chmeissani, M.; Chung, S.; Civinini, C.; Clare, I.; Clare, R.; Coan, T. E.; Cohn, H. O.; Coignet, G.; Colino, N.; Contin, A.; Crijns, F.; Cui, X. T.; Cui, X. Y.; Dai, T. S.; D'Alessandro, R.; de Asmundis, R.; Degré, A.; Deiters, K.; Dénes, E.; Denes, P.; DeNotaristefani, F.; Dhina, M.; DiBitonto, D.; Diemoz, M.; Dimitrov, H. R.; Dionisi, C.; Dova, M. T.; Drago, E.; Driever, T.; Duchesneau, D.; Duinker, P.; El Mamouni, H.; Engler, A.; Eppling, F. J.; Erné, F. C.; Extermann, P.; Fabbretti, R.; Fabre, M.; Falciano, S.; Fan, S. J.; Fackler, O.; Fay, J.; Felcini, M.; Ferguson, T.; Fernandez, D.; Fernandez, G.; Ferroni, F.; Fesefeldt, H.; Fiandrini, E.; Field, J.; Filthaut, F.; Finocchiaro, G.; Fisher, P. H.; Forconi, G.; Foreman, T.; Freudenreich, K.; Friebel, W.; Fukushima, M.; Gailloud, M.; Galaktionov, Yu.; Gallo, E.; Ganguli, S. N.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Gau, S. S.; Gele, D.; Gentile, S.; Goldfarb, S.; Gong, Z. F.; Gonzalez, E.; Göttlicher, P.; Gougas, A.; Goujon, D.; Gratta, G.; Grinnell, C.; Gruenewald, M.; Gu, C.; Guanziroli, M.; Guo, J. K.; Gupta, V. K.; Gurtu, A.; Gustafson, H. R.; Gutay, L. J.; Hangarter, K.; Hasan, A.; Hauschildt, D.; He, C. F.; Hebbeker, T.; Hebert, M.; Herten, G.; Herten, U.; Hervé, A.; Hilgers, K.; Hofer, H.; Hoorani, H.; Hu, G.; Hu, G. Q.; Ille, B.; Ilyas, M. M.; Innocente, V.; Janssen, H.; Jezequel, S.; Jin, B. N.; Jones, L. W.; Kasser, A.; Khan, R. A.; Kamyshkov, Yu.; Kapinos, P.; Kapustinsky, J. S.; Karyotakis, Y.; Kaur, M.; Khokhar, S.; Kienzle-Focacci, M. N.; Kinnison, W. W.; Kirkby, D.; Kirsch, S.; Kittel, W.; Klimentov, A.; König, A. C.; Koffeman, E.; Kornadt, O.; Koutsenko, V.; Koulbardis, A.; Kraemer, R. W.; Kramer, T.; Krastev, V. R.; Krenz, W.; Krivschich, A.; Kuitjen, H.; Kumar, K. S.; Kunin, A.; Landi, G.; Lanske, D.; Lanzano, S.; Lebrun, P.; Lecomte, P.; Lecoq, P.; Le Coultre, P.; Lee, D. M.; Leedom, I.; Le Goff, J. M.; Leiste, R.; Lenti, M.; Leonardi, E.; Lettry, J.; Leytens, X.; Li, C.; Li, H. T.; Li, P. J.; Li, X. G.; Liao, J. Y.; Lin, W. T.; Lin, Z. Y.; Linde, F. L.; Lindemann, B.; Linnhofer, D.; Lista, L.; Liu, Y.; Lohmann, W.; Longo, E.; Lu, Y. S.; Lubbers, J. M.; Lübelsmeyer, K.; Luci, C.; Luckey, D.; Ludovici, L.; Luminari, L.; Ma, W. G.; MacDermott, M.; Malhotra, P. K.; Malik, R.; Malinin, A.; Mańa, C.; Mao, D. N.; Mao, Y. F.; Maolinbay, M.; Marchesini, P.; Marion, F.; Marin, A.; Martin, J. P.; Martinez-Laso, L.; Marzano, F.; Massaro, G. G. G.; Matsuda, T.; Mazumdar, K.; McBride, P.; McMahon, T.; McNally, D.; Meinholz, Th.; Merk, M.; Merola, L.; Meschini, M.; Metzger, W. J.; Mi, Y.; Mills, G. B.; Mir, Y.; Mirabelli, G.; Mnich, J.; Möller, M.; Monteleoni, B.; Morand, R.; Morganti, S.; Moulai, N. E.; Mount, R.; Müller, S.; Nadtochy, A.; Nagy, E.; Napolitano, M.; Newman, H.; Neyer, C.; Niaz, M. A.; Nippe, A.; Nowak, H.; Orgatini, G.; Pandoulas, D.; Paoletti, S.; Paolucci, P.; Passaleva, G.; Patricelli, S.; Paul, T.; Pauluzzi, M.; Pauss, F.; Pei, Y. J.; Perret-Gallix, D.; Perrier, J.; Pevsner, A.; Piccolo, D.; Pieri, M.; Piroué, P. A.; Plasil, F.; Plyaskin, V.; Pohl, M.; Pojidaev, V.; Produit, N.; Qian, J. M.; Qureshi, K. N.; Raghavan, R.; Rahal-Callot, G.; Raven, G.; Razis, P.; Read, K.; Ren, D.; Ren, Z.; Rescigno, M.; Reucroft, S.; Ricker, A.; Riemann, S.; Rind, O.; Rizvi, H. A.; Rodriguez, F. J.; Roe, B. P.; Röhner, M.; Röhner, S.; Romero, L.; Rose, J.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Rosmalen, R.; Rosselet, Ph.; Rubbia, A.; Rubio, J. A.; Rykaczewski, H.; Sachwitz, M.; Sajan, E.; Salicio, J.; Salicio, J. M.; Sanders, G. S.; Santocchia, A.; Sarakinos, M. S.; Sartorelli, G.; Sassowsky, M.; Sauvage, G.
Ancient asteroids enriched in refractory inclusions.
Calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) occur in all classes of chondritic meteorites and contain refractory minerals predicted to be the first condensates from the solar nebula. Near-infrared spectra of CAIs have strong 2-micrometer absorptions, attributed to iron oxide-bearing aluminous spinel. Similar absorptions are present in the telescopic spectra of several asteroids; modeling indicates that these contain approximately 30 +/- 10% CAIs (two to three times that of any meteorite). Survival of these undifferentiated, large (50- to 100-kilometer diameter) CAI-rich bodies suggests that they may have formed before the injection of radiogenic 26Al into the solar system. They have also experienced only modest post-accretionary alteration. Thus, these asteroids have higher concentrations of CAI material, appear less altered, and are more ancient than any known sample in our meteorite collection, making them prime candidates for sample return. PMID:18356491
Sunshine, J M; Connolly, H C; McCoy, T J; Bus, S J; La Croix, L M
University of Wisconsin-Fluid and Melt Inclusions
The University of Wisconsin-Madison created this website "for people interested in the properties, behaviors and origins of fluid and melt inclusions in natural and synthetic materials." The website offers downloads of publications in _The Canadian Mineralogist_ journal and other rock and mineral papers. Students and researchers can find out about meetings and work shops. The website fosters discussion of hot topics in the field of fluid inclusion. Users have a chance to join the fluid inclusion electronic mailing list.
Brown, Philip E.
Inclusive education and students without special educational needs
Background:?In the debate on inclusive education, students without special educational needs (SEN) are an important topic. However, there is a lot unknown about differences between these typical students in inclusive and non-inclusive classes. For example, the neutral results that are often found in earlier research could be caused by positive effects for some students, and negative effects for others.Purpose:?This study
Nienke M. Ruijs; Ineke Van der Veen; Thea T. D. Peetsma
Formation of orange hibonite, as inferred from some Allende inclusions
We studied three fluffy Type A refractory inclusions from Allende that contain orange hibonite. The melilite in the present samples is very Al-rich, averaging Ĺk6, Ĺk14, and Ĺk12 in the three samples studied. Hibonite in two inclusions, unlike that in Murchison, has low rare earth element abundances of <10???CI in the other inclusion, the hibonite, melilite and perovskite have Group
S. B. Simon; A. M. Davis; L. Grossman
Enhanced Inclusion Removal from Steel in the Tundish
The objective of this project was to develop an effective chemical filtering system for significantly reducing the content of inclusion particles in the steel melts exiting the tundish for continuous casting. This project combined a multi-process approach that aimed to make significant progress towards an "inclusion free" steel by incorporating several interdependent concepts to reduce the content of inclusions in the molten steel exiting the tundish for the caster. The goal is to produce "cleaner" steel.
R. C. Bradt; M.A.R. Sharif
In-Plane Dynamics of Membranes with Immobile Inclusions
Cell membranes are anchored to the cytoskeleton via immobile inclusions. We investigate the effect of such anchors on the in-plane dynamics of a fluid membrane and mobile inclusions embedded in it. The immobile particles lead to a decreased diffusion coefficient of mobile ones and suppress the correlated diffusion of particle pairs. Due to the long-range, quasi-two-dimensional nature of membrane flows, these effects become significant at a low area fraction (below one percent) of immobile inclusions.
Oppenheimer, Naomi; Diamant, Haim
Cell membranes are anchored to the cytoskeleton via immobile inclusions. We investigate the effect of such anchors on the in-plane dynamics of a fluid membrane and mobile inclusions (proteins) embedded in it. The immobile particles lead to a decreased diffusion coefficient of mobile ones and suppress the correlated diffusion of particle pairs. Because of the long-range, quasi-two-dimensional nature of membrane flows, these effects become significant at a low area fraction (below 1%) of immobile inclusions.
System for Detection of Small Inclusions in Large Optics
The presence of defects in optical materials can lead to bulk damage or downstream modulation and subsequent surface damage in high fluence laser systems. An inclusion detection system has been developed by the National Ignition Facility Optics Metrology Group. The system detects small inclusions in optical materials with increased sensitivity and speed over previous methods. The system has detected all known inclusions and defects and has detected previously undetected defects smaller than 5 microns.
Wolfe, J E; Runkel, M J
[Ubiquitous perfluorinated compounds].
Perfluorinated compounds are derivatives of hydrocarbons, in which all or most of hydrogen atoms are substitiuted by fluorine atoms. These compounds are commonly used in many branches of industry. Perfluorinated compounds are in the limelight because of numerous reports concerning their toxicity and negative effects on human health as well as contradictory information about their cancerogenic effect. The above compounds are used in production of many commonly used products including such brand names as Gore-Tex, Teflon, Stainmaster. The most common ways of penetrating these compounds into a human organism are: via food, inhalation and skin contact. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) has been added to the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). PMID:21980858
Kucharska, Agnieszka; Góralczyk, Katarzyna; Czaja, Katarzyna; Struci?ski, Pawe?; Hernik, Agnieszka; Korcz, Wojciech; Snopczy?iski, Tomasz; Ludwicki, Jan K
Petrographic studies of refractory inclusions from the Murchison meteorite
Textural and mineral-chemical data on freeze-thaw disaggregated refractory inclusions from the Murchison meteorite are reported. The data were obtained with neutron activation analysis, SEM, and spectroscopy, the study revealed corundum-bearing inclusions, spinel-hibonite aggregates and spherules, and spinel-pyroxene and elivine-pyroxene inclusions. One of the three spinel-, pyroxene-, forsterite-rich inclusions had an amoeba-shaped spinel-pyroxene core, implying vapor-to-solid condensation and therefore crystallization from a melt. It is concluded that the meteorite formation encompassed diverse nebular materials, and that further studies of the meteorite will enhance the data base on the planetary nebular processes.
Macpherson, G.J.; Grossman, L.; Hashimoto, A.; Bar-Matthews, M.
Metamaterials with dielectric and metallic inclusions in the cubic lattice
The method of integral equations, which is based on the Green function of periodically arranged sources, is used for analyzing periodic metamaterials (photonic crystals) in the form of the simplest metallic and dielectric inclusions into a rectangular cubic lattice in a dielectric medium (matrix). Dielectric inclusions in the form of parallelepipeds and cubes are considered, as well as similar metallic inclusions (perfectly conducting metal rods) and 1D nanosized structures with metallic layers. Metal inclusions are investigated in the case of ideal conduction and in the case of penetration of a field into the metal, which is simulated as an electron plasma. The results are applicable from microwave of optical frequencies.
Davidovich, M. V.; Shilovskii, P. A.
Process Dependence and the Sivers Effect in Inclusive and Semi-Inclusive Reactions
We perform an analysis of the the spin asymmetry for single inclusive jet production in proton-proton collisions collected by AnDY experiment and the Sivers asymmetry data from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering experiments. In particular, we consider the role color gauge invariance plays in determining the process-dependence of the Sivers effect. We find that after carefully taking into account the initial-state and final-state interactions between the active parton and the remnant of the polarized hadron, the calculated jet spin asymmetry based on the Sivers functions extracted from HERMES and COMPASS experiments is consistent with the AnDY experimental data. This provides a first indication for the process-dependence of the Sivers effect in different processes. We also make predictions for both direct photon and Drell-Yan spin asymmetry, to further test the process-dependence of the Sivers effect in future experiments.
Gamberg, Leonard; Kang, Zhong-Bo; Prokudin, Alexei
Inclusion of Scatter in HADES: Final Report
Covert nuclear attack is one of the foremost threats facing the United States and is a primary focus of the War on Terror. The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO), within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is chartered to develop, and improve domestic systems to detect and interdict smuggling for the illicit use of a nuclear explosive device, fissile material or radiologica1 material. The CAARS (Cargo Advanced Automated Radiography System) program is a major part of the DHS effort to enhance US security by harnessing cutting-edge technologies to detect radiological and nuclear threats at points of entry to the United States. DNDO has selected vendors to develop complete radiographic systems. It is crucial that the initial design and testing concepts for the systems be validated and compared prior to the substantial efforts to build and deploy prototypes and subsequent large-scale production. An important aspect of these systems is the scatter which interferes with imaging. Monte Carlo codes, such as MCNP (X-5 Monte Carlo Team, 2005 Revision) allow scatter to be calculatied, but these calculations are very time consuming. It would be useful to have a fast scatter estimation algorithm in a fast ray tracing code. We have been extending the HADES ray-tracing radiographic simulation code to model vendor systems in a flexible and quick fashion and to use this tool to study a variety of questions involving system performance and the comparative value of surrogates. To enable this work, HADES has been linked to the BRL-CAD library (BRL-CAD Open Source Project, 2010), in order to enable the inclusion of complex CAD geometries in simulations, scanner geometries have been implemented in HADES, and the novel detector responses have been included in HADES. A major extension of HADES which has been required by this effort is the inclusion of scatter in these radiographic simulations. Ray tracing codes generally do not easily allow the inclusion of scatter, because these codes define a source and a grid of detector pixels and only compute the attenuation along rays between these points. Scatter is an extremely complex set of processes which can involve rays which change directions many times between the source and detector. Scatter from outside the field of view of the imaging system, as well as within the field of view, can have an important role in image formation. In this report, we will describe how we implemented a treatment of scatter in HADES. We begin with a discussion of how we define scatter in Section 2, followed by a description of how single Compton scatter is now included in HADES in Section 3. In Section 4 we report a set of verification tests against MCNP and tests of how the technique scales with image size, number of scatters allowed and number of processors used in the calculations. In Section 5, we describe how we plan to extend this approach to other forms of scatter and conclude in Section 6. It should be emphasized that the purpose of this report is to show that a form of scatter has been implemented in HADES and has been verified against MCNP. Validation, the process of comparing simulation and experiment, is a future task.
Aufderheide, M B
Reduction of thermal conductivity of bulk nanostructured bismuth telluride composites embedded with silicon nano-inclusions
Bulk nanostructured bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) composite with silicon nano-crystallite inclusions was synthesized via sintering approach. The effect of the composite structure formed by the addition of miniscule quantity (5 at. %) of silicon on the thermoelectric properties of bulk nanostructured Bi2Te3 is shown via a 50% drop in thermal conductivity accompanied with a simultaneous enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient. We demonstrate that the addition of silicon nano-inclusions to the nanostructured compound combined with a systematic thermal treatment beneficially reduces the thermal conductivity to less than 1.0 W/mK over the entire temperature range of 300 K to 525 K. It is shown that the combinatorial techniques of nanostructuring, nano-inclusions, and annealing are effective in reducing thermal conductivity by a significant magnitude. This low thermal conductivity is comparable to that of Bi2Te3 based superlattices and significantly lower than that of bulk Bi2Te3. The technique is extendable to (Bi,Se)2(Sb,Te)3 based thermoelectric alloys for enhancing the figure-of-merit.
Satyala, Nikhil; Tahmasbi Rad, Armin; Zamanipour, Zahra; Norouzzadeh, Payam; Krasinski, Jerzy S.; Tayebi, Lobat; Vashaee, Daryoosh
Effects of Training on Teacher's Stages of Concern Regarding Inclusion.
This paper describes a process that empowered special education teachers in Greenville Independent School District (Texas) to begin moving toward an inclusive model of special education. Specifically, the paper examines special education teachers' levels of concern regarding inclusion during this process. During the summer, 26 special education…
Schroth, Gwen; And Others
Polynomial-time implication problems for unary inclusion dependencies
Unary inclusion dependencies are database constraints expressing subset relationships. The decidability of implication for these dependencies together with embedded implicational dependencies, such as functional dependencies, are investigated. As shown by Casanova et al., the unrestricted and finite implication problems are different for the class of functional and unary inclusion dependencies; also, for this class and for any fixed k, finite
Stavros S. Cosmadakis; Paris C. Kanellakis; Moshe Y. Vardi
The mechanism of micropipe nucleation at inclusions in silicon carbide
A model is presented for a possible mechanism of screw dislocation (including micropipe) nucleation in silicon carbide. The model is based on the observation of micropipe nucleation at the sites of foreign material inclusions using synchrotron white beam x-ray topography and transmission optical microscopy. It is shown that incorporation of the inclusion into the growing crystal can lead to deformation
M. Dudley; X. R. Huang; W. Huang; A. Powell; S. Wang; P. Neudeck; M. Skowronski
Inclusion Confusion: A Guide to Educating Students with Exceptional Needs.
This guide provides suggestions for planning and implementing inclusion programs to enhance education for all children. Recent laws supporting the rights of children with disabilities are considered, along with the confusion regarding how to meet the needs of all children in the schools. Variations in inclusion practices among states and districts…
Aefsky, Fern
From Special to Inclusive Education in Macau (SAR)
The education for learners with special education needs (SEN) in Macau (SAR), China, has gradually transitioned over the past 30 years from a completely segregated approach to a more inclusive one. Following a review of the development of special education and the transition towards inclusion in Macau, consideration is given to the enactment of…
Forlin, Chris
A Story of High School Inclusion: An Ethnographic Case Study
This is an ethnographic case study of the inclusion of a fifteen-year-old male with severe disabilities in general education classes in a four-year high school in a medium-sized Midwestern city. The study took place during the student's freshman and sophomore years. The investigator interviewed 17 of the participants in the student's inclusion;…
McKee, Ann Marie
General Education Teachers Resistance to Teaching in Inclusion Classrooms
This qualitative, narrative, phenomenological interview study explored the reasons general education teachers resist teaching in inclusion classrooms. The problem researched was that general education teachers are unwilling to teach in inclusion classrooms in eastern Virginia elementary schools. Twenty participants were interviewed, textual data…
Sparks, Lisa J.
A Principal's Dilemma: Full Inclusion or Student's Best Interests?
This case highlights one principal's struggle to reconcile his philosophy of full inclusion with the best interests of a student with serious emotional disturbance. It raises a number of issues that bring to light challenges posed by a system of full inclusion. It also provides an opportunity for educational leadership students and administrators…
Oluwole, Joseph O.
Special Education Inclusion. Center for School Success Promising Practices Series
This publication focuses on special education inclusion. Inclusion is a term that expresses commitment to providing specially designed instruction and support for students with special needs in the context of a general education classroom. All students in the school are full members of the community, participating equitably in the opportunities…
Imbimbo, Josephine; Knopf, Naomi
Inclusion and Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
There is a clear national trend toward the inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms. This trend poses particularly vexing challenges for delivering appropriate programs for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). This chapter describes the complexity of determining appropriate inclusive placements for…
Simpson, Richard; Mundschenk, Nancy A.
Peer-Collaboration: An Effective Teaching Strategy for Inclusive Classrooms
With the growing need to make the curriculum accessible to students with special needs, there has been an increase in the inclusion of special education students with learning disabilities in general education classroom. The major challenge that has faced teachers in inclusive classrooms is using instructional strategies that will accommodate the…
Ncube, Sitembiso
When Teachers Reflect: Journeys toward Effective, Inclusive Practice.
On the premise that hearing other preschool teachers talk about their challenges in creating inclusive settings is a powerful impetus to reflect about one's own teaching practice, this book contains personal narratives by 18 teachers about their journeys toward inclusive, developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood education. The…
Tertell, Elizabeth A., Ed.; Klein, Susan M., Ed.; Jewett, Janet L., Ed.
Quality in Inclusive and Noninclusive Infant and Toddler Classrooms
The quality of care in infant and toddler classrooms was compared across inclusive (n=64) and noninclusive classrooms (n=400). Quality was measured using the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised (ITERS-R). An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed four distinct dimensions of quality within the ITERS-R. Inclusive…
Hestenes, Linda L.; Cassidy, Deborah J.; Hegde, Archana V.; Lower, Joanna K.
An Introduction to Inclusion in the Music Classroom
Discusses the inclusion of special-needs students in regular music classes in the U.S. Overview of a legislation that promotes equal education rights among special children in the country; Effects of the education law on music educators; Tips for establishing an efficient inclusive music classrooms.
Mazur, Kathleen
Teachers' In-Flight Thinking in Inclusive Classrooms
This article explores the thinking of five junior high school teachers as they teach students with learning difficulties in inclusive classrooms. Insights into the ways these teachers think about students in these inclusive secondary school contexts were obtained through triangulating data from semistructured interviews, stimulated recall of…
Paterson, David
Electrical response of heterogeneous systems containing inclusions with permanent multipoles
We provide the electrostatic solution in mean field theory to the electrical response of heterogeneous systems in which the inclusions have arbitrary structure and permanent multipole moments of all orders. The system is placed between two parallel electrode plates, and all the resulting multipole moments of the inclusions and their images are taken into account. By performing a statistical average
The "Process" of Teacher Education for Inclusion: The Maltese Experience
This paper discusses major challenges for the development of teacher education for inclusion through an analysis of relevant recent experience in Malta. Inclusion in society and in education has been explicitly on the Maltese national agenda for the past two decades. The Faculty of Education of the University of Malta has been one of the main…
Advancements in Research Synthesis Methods: From a Methodologically Inclusive Perspective
The dominant literature on research synthesis methods has positivist and neo-positivist origins. In recent years, the landscape of research synthesis methods has changed rapidly to become inclusive. This article highlights methodologically inclusive advancements in research synthesis methods. Attention is drawn to insights from interpretive,…
Suri, Harsh; Clarke, David
CW laser transilluminance in turbid media with cylindrical inclusions
The present work analyzes the process of detection of small diffusive inclusions in turbid hosts. Experiments were carried out using a transillumination geometry and continuous wave laser radiation, considering cylindrical inclusions in different environments. A comparison between experimental data, theoretical approaches for the radiative transfer equation in the diffusion approximation, and numerical Monte Carlo simulations, is presented.
H. O. Di Rocco; D. I. Iriarte; M. Lester; J. A. Pomarico; H. F. Ranea-Sandoval
Conceptualizing Inclusive Research with People with Intellectual Disability
Background: The inclusion of people with intellectual disability in research is a common requirement of research funding. Little conceptual clarity is available to guide the conduct of inclusive research or judge its fidelity, there is minimal evidence of its impact, and questions remain about its feasibility and rigour. Method: A comprehensive…
Bigby, Christine; Frawley, Patsie; Ramcharan, Paul
Teachers' Attitudes towards Inclusion in High Schools
This study investigated the attitudes of secondary teachers to inclusion in schools. Three hundred and ninety-one teaching and management-level staff from 19 mainstream and 6 special schools in one local authority in Scotland completed a survey. Overall, teaching staff were pro-inclusion, conditional on adequate support and resources. There was a…
Boyle, Christopher; Topping, Keith; Jindal-Snape, Divya
Oppressors or Emancipators: Critical Dispositions for Preparing Inclusive School Leaders
Leadership from school administrators is essential in creating inclusive schools. The purpose of this article is to outline the dispositions necessary for school leaders in order to develop and maintain inclusive educational services for all students. This work comes from a qualitative study of university-based experts who teach courses in…
Theoharis, George; Causton-Theoharis, Julie N.
Schools as Agents of Social Exclusion and Inclusion
Although schools are usually regarded as important agents for social inclusion, research has shown that they may also function as agents of exclusion itself. The goal of this paper is to deepen our understanding of how schools function as agents of exclusion and how they can become more effective agents of inclusion. It is based on action research…
Razer, Michal; Friedman, Victor J.; Warshofsky, Boaz
Attitudes of Teachers and Headteachers towards Inclusion in Lebanon
In the Arabic region, the drive towards inclusive practices in mainstream schools is at a relatively early stage, although, in Lebanon, the recent initiative of the National Inclusion Project (NIP), a project managed by a consortium of four organisations aimed at addressing the exclusion experienced by people with a disability, has the potential…
Khochen, Maha; Radford, Julie
Teacher efficacy: A model for teacher development and inclusion
Students with special needs must have the opportunity to learn in inclusive classrooms. However, this requires that classroom teachers believe that (a) students can learn in spite of any negative environmental influences in their lives, and (b) they personally have the ability to reach any student. Securing this teaching efficacy for teachers in inclusive classroom settings requires paradigm shifts in
Aleidine J. Moeller; Sharon Ishii-Jordan
Inclusive education reform in Queensland: implications for policy and practice
In Queensland, Australia, the school system is being reformed to be more 'inclusive'. However, the enthusiasm for 'inclusive education' in Queensland seems to be waning amongst practitioners, and the 'confusion, frustration, guilt and exhaustion' that has emerged with teachers and support practitioners in the UK is emerging amongst support practitioners and teachers in Queensland. This paper argues that this is
Patricia E. Bourke
Titanium nitride inclusion removal in an electron beam melting hearth
Use the Sphlow Java applet to calculate the "neutral density" window for porous titanium nitride inclusions in an electron beam melting hearth, and discuss both the fraction of particles which enter the final product and the complexities of porous inclusion transport.
Powell, Adam C., IV
The Preparation of Today's Educational Leaders: Inclusivity of Women.
If the challenges of the 21st century are to be met successfully, education must transform its orientation from one of exclusion to inclusion. To assist in the transformation of systems, to address specific barriers to inclusion, and to offer exemplary models in educational leadership, the Texas Council of Women School Executives sponsored a pilot…
Brown, Genevieve; Irby, Beverly J.
Time to End the Bias towards Inclusive Education?
The UK coalition Government's call to end the "bias" towards inclusion represents a shift in "policy speak" as the new administration attempts to re-narrate special education by putting forward a "reasonable and sensible" solution to the "problem of inclusion". However, implicit in the call is the assumption that there has, in fact, been a "bias…
Runswick-Cole, Katherine
Teacher Preparation for Inclusive and Critical (Special) Education
The author's preservice program prepares both single and dual certification master's students to teach in inclusive classrooms. This article provides an overview of the context in which, and for which, the program was designed, a description of the program, including what the author means by inclusive education and critical special education,…
Oyler, Celia
Teachers' voices concerning collaborative teams within an inclusive elementary school
This qualitative study examined aspects of the inclusive program in an elementary school in a rural section of the upper Midwest of the United States. This article describes a university and elementary school research partnership to study collaboration among the general education teachers and the special education staff (teachers and assistants) in the inclusive elementary school. Interviews, focus groups, and
Jane Leatherman
Differentiating Instruction for Disabled Students in Inclusive Classrooms
Differentiating instruction, a comprehensive approach to teaching, enables the successful inclusion of all students, including the disabled, in general-education classrooms. As inclusive educators, we argue that disability is an enacted, interactional process and not an empirical, stable fact or condition. We recommend planning responsive lessons…
Broderick, Alicia; Mehta-Parekh, Heeral; Reid, D. Kim
Teachers' Attitudes Toward Inclusion: Factors Influencing Classroom Practice
Early childhood teachers may express positive views about inclusive practices but are the practices implemented in their classrooms? This study examined preservice and inservice teachers' attitudes toward inclusive practices as reflected in the teachers' behaviors. This qualitative study utilized open-ended initial interviews, observations with follow-up interviews, and observer field notes that were analyzed using content analysis with emergent themes from
Jane M. Leatherman; Judith A. Niemeyer
Mineralogy and petrology of silicate inclusions in iron meteorites
Silicate inclusions in 17 iron meteorites have been analyzed by the electron microprobe and classified, according to their phase assemblages, compositions, and textures, into three major types: Odessa, Copiapo, and Weekeroo Station, and three miscellaneous types: Enon, Kendall County, and Netschaëvo. Phase compositions in both Odessa- and Copiapo-type inclusions are very similar, but the two types are different in texture
T. E. Bunch; Klaus Keil; E. Olsen
Polyhydroxyalkanoate inclusion-body growth and proliferation in Bacillus megaterium
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation and the morphology of PHA inclusion bodies were examined in Bacillus megaterium, strain 11561. Our results show a pattern of PHA degradation and synthesis, and of inclusion body growth and proliferation not previously reported. Degradation of PHA in the lag phase was followed by synthesis of PHA at an accelerating rate during exponential growth. PHA accumulation reached
Gabriel J. McCool; Tania Fernandez; Ning Li; Maura C. Cannon
Sulfide inclusion chemistry and carbon isotopes of African diamonds
Significant differences in the composition of sulfide mineral inclusions among diamond suites from Koffiefontein, Orapa, Premier, Roberts Victor, Jagersfontein, Sierra Leone, Star, and Mwadui have been found. The mode of the Ni content of the monosulfide (mss) inclusions lies between 8 and 10 wt%, i.e., between the means for mss from Siberian diamonds with inclusion of the eclogitic (3 wt% Ni) and peridotitic (23 wt% Ni) paragenesis. Considering the Ni/Fe ratios of the diamond mss inclusions and mantle olivines, together with experimental and naturally observed Ni/Fe distribution coefficients, we conclude that less than 20% of the mss inclusions of the African diamonds (mostly from Koffiefontein) could have been in chemical equilibrium with mantle olivine. This observation is in sharp contrast with the reported relative abundance of silicate inclusions in Koffiefontein diamonds (93% peridotitic, 7% eclogitic) and lends support to the proposal that a separate sulfide diamond paragenesis should be recognized. The ? 13C distributions of sulfide containing diamonds differs among kimberlites, however, for each kimberlite sulfide and silicate inclusion containing diamonds cover the same ? 13C range. Sulfides with high Ni concentrations can occur in diamonds of low as well as high 13C content. The current observations, in conjunction with other chemical properties of diamonds suggest that fluid reactions rather than silica melt equilibria may be important in diamond formation. A dominance of fluid processes would have significant implications for the interpretation of the chemical and geochronological record of diamond inclusions.
Deines, Peter; Harris, J. W.
Preparing Early Childhood Special Educators for Inclusive Practice
The purpose of this study was to describe experienced practitioners' beliefs about inclusion and their perceptions of what early childhood special education (ECSE) preservice teachers need to know and be able to do to effectively support early childhood inclusion. This study used a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach to describe the…
Hooper, Belinda Bourne
Parental Concerns on Inclusion: The Northern Ireland Perspective
The relationship between home and school is an integral feature of how pupils learn and parents have a central role to play in their child's education. Philosophical and practical discourse around inclusion has informed and directed inclusive policy in recent years. In Northern Ireland, it has latterly been conducted under the auspices of emerging…
O'Connor, Una
An Emperor with No Clothes? Inclusive Education in Victoria
In this article, the authors review the way in which the Victorian government has responded to the inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream schools, and consider what further efforts could be made to improve inclusive educational practices. Key measures introduced by the state education authority in relation to the…
Wu, Chi-Cheng; Komesaroff, Linda
Understanding Inclusive Early Childhood Education: A Capability Approach
This article explores the application of current discourse in inclusive education, particularly the capability approach and its utility in early childhood education. The article highlights the tensions between a rights-based discourse that informs inclusive education practice and the right for children to have early intervention. Structural…
Underwood, Kathryn; Valeo, Angela; Wood, Rebecca
Enhancement of Class-Inclusion Reasoning Through Verbal Context
Attempts to ascertain whether class inclusion behavior is enhanced when children are first asked to compare the subclasses appearing in the class inclusion task and whether such an effect could be due to simple comparisons among the vocabulary terms differentiating the questions. Subjects were second, third, and fourth grade children. (BD/BR)
Winer, Gerald A.
Effect of inclusions on heterogeneous crack nucleation in nanocomposites
A two-dimensional theoretical model is proposed for the heterogeneous nucleation of a grain-boundary nanocrack in a nanocomposite consisting of a nanocrystalline matrix and nanoinclusions whose elastic moduli are identical to those of the matrix. The inclusions have the form of rods with a rectangular cross section and undergo dilatation eigenstrain induced by the differences in the lattice parameters and thermal expansion coefficients of the matrix and inclusions. In terms of the model, a mode-I-II nanocrack nucleates at the negative disclination of a biaxial dipole consisting of wedge grain-boundary (or junction) disclinations; then, the nanocrack opens along a grain boundary and reaches an inclusion boundary. Depending on the relative positions and orientations of the initial segment of the nanocrack and the inclusion, the nanocrack can either penetrate into the inclusion or bypass it along the matrix-inclusion interface. The nanocrack nucleation probability increases near an inclusion with negative (compressive) dilatation eigenstrain. A decrease in the inclusion size decreases (increases) the probability of a crack opening along the interface if the dilatation eigenstrain is negative (positive).
Gutkin, M. Yu.; Ovid'Ko, I. A.; Skiba, N. V.
This study was conducted during a period of national educational reforms in Jordan to investigate Jordanian preservice early childhood teachers' attitudes toward inclusion and the adequacy of their current preparation for implementing inclusion. The study also sought to identify the perceived concerns of preservice early childhood teachers about…
Fayez, Merfat; Dababneh, Kholoud; Jumiaan, Ibrahim
Thinking in Another Way: Ideas for Sustainable Inclusion
Inclusion implies that someone has been excluded and that some are able to prevent others from participation in significant community, economic and political activities. The processes of inclusion and exclusion reflect ideas about how the world is to be seen and understood, about who is to be attended to and who ignored, and about how institutions…
Ballard, Keith
Removing Barriers to Achievement: A Strategy for Inclusion or Exclusion?
Taking as its starting point a critique of policy for inclusion which I published 6 years ago after the publication of the Green Paper "Excellence for All Children; Meeting Special Educational Needs" (DfEE, 1997), the present paper presents a critical analysis of subsequent policy relating to the inclusion of children with Special Educational…
Lloyd, Christine
Inclusive Teachers' Attitudinal Ratings of Their Students with Disabilities
The purpose of this investigation was twofold: (a) to explore the use of a new rating scale that measures teachers' attitudes toward their students and (b) to investigate the attitudes of inclusive teachers toward their students with disabilities using the rating scale. Fifty inclusive elementary teachers in 12 northeast Ohio schools rated all of…
Cook, Bryan G.; Cameron, David L.; Tankersley, Melody
Culturally inclusive arts education in Aotearoa\\/New Zealand
The Arts in the New Zealand Curriculum document (2000) is recognised by many arts educators as an innovative and inclusive model of arts education that establishes every child's right to an education in Dance, Drama, Music and the Visual Arts. One significant and unique aspiration for the document is the inclusion of toi M?ori, the arts forms of M?ori, the
Elizabeth Anderson; Robert Hoeberigs; Lola Mackinnon; Trevor Thwaites
Powerful Partnerships: Parents & Professionals Building Inclusive Recreation Programs Together.
This collection of readings is intended to help parents of children with disabilities join together or with professionals to advocate for inclusive recreational programs for their children. The following 15 readings are included: "To Play or Not To Play? A History of Recreation in America" (Carla E. S. Tabourne et al.); "Why Is Inclusive…
Schleien, Stuart J., Ed.; And Others
Inclusion in Mexico: Ensuring Supportive Attitudes by Newly Graduated Teachers
The inclusion of students with special education needs in regular schools in Mexico is slowly gaining momentum. Likewise, teacher training for inclusion is increasingly becoming an important aspect of preservice training. This research investigates the perceptions of 286 preservice teachers who are about to complete their general teacher training…
Forlin, Chris; Cedillo, Ismael Garcia; Romero-Contreras, Silvia; Fletcher, Todd; Hernandez, Humberto Javier Rodriguez
Inclusion Classrooms and Teachers: A Survey of Current Practices
This study investigates the current state of inclusion practices in general education classrooms via survey of 71 inclusion teachers currently serving as special educators across the state of New York. Specifically, small group instruction, co-teaching, one-to-one instruction, and planning support are explored in relationship to class size, number…
Kilanowski-Press, Lisa; Foote, Chandra J.; Rinaldo, Vince J.
Contrasting Stories of Inclusion/Exclusion in the Chemistry Classroom
This article reports on the construction process of inclusion/exclusion for high school chemistry students in two schools in Belo Horizonte, the capital of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We examined the interactional accomplishment of inclusion/exclusion of four students, two from a private school and two from a public school. The aim of this article…
Gomes, Maria de Fatima Cardoso; Mortimer, Eduardo F.; Kelly, Gregory J.
School Counselors and Full Inclusion for Children with Special Needs.
Counselors must become active participants in the practice of full inclusion of children with disabilities into classrooms with nondisabled youngsters. Full inclusion is distinguished from mainstreaming; successful models are reviewed. Topics of collaboration and consultation among counselors and teachers, building social adjustment, and…
Tarver-Behring, Shari; Spagna, Michael E.; Sullivan, James
Creating Alliances Against Exclusivity: A Pathway to Inclusive Educational Reform
Background/Context: Having brought together scholars to consider inclusive education within both their own and others' disciplines, research perspectives, and agendas, the content of this concluding article reflects on what these contributions say--individually and collectively--about inclusive education. Furthermore, the authors critically…
Valle, Jan; Connor, David J.; Broderick, Alicia A.; Bejoian, Lynne M.; Baglieri, Susan
Best Practices of Inclusion at the Elementary Level
Having inclusion in a school makes every student feel like they are part of the school. The children with disabilities feel accepted and part of the class like everyone else. Students learn to work well with each other and accept differences. Children learn to accept everyone for who they are. The Philosophy of Inclusion website says, Children…
Wilson, Carolyn H.; Ellerbee, Keisha L.; Christian, Silas H.
Parental Perspectives on Inclusion: Effects of Autism and Down Syndrome.
This study examined effects of a child's diagnosis (autism vs. Down syndrome), age, and current educational placement on parental perceptions toward inclusion. Parents of Down Syndrome children tended to endorse full-time inclusion, whereas parents of children with autism endorsed part-time mainstreaming. Parents of younger children and parents of…
Kasari, Connie; Freeman, Stephanny F. N.; Bauminger, Nirit; Alkin, Marvin C.
Student Voice Key to Unlocking Inclusive Educational Practices
A review of the educational policies and procedures across Canada's provinces and territories reveals that inclusion of students with disabilities in regular classrooms is supposed to be the main policy and school practice. However, inclusive education has also shown to vary in the ways it has actually been implemented and practiced throughout…
Gordon, Maria
Inclusion in the Early Years: From Rhetoric to Reality
Inclusion is one of five National Priorities identified by the Scottish Executive Education Department. As a consequence, teachers throughout Scotland are presently confronting the progression from integration to inclusion, along with the many changes that brings. This paper recounts the first stage of an on-going case study into the experiences…
Ross-Watt, Frances
Setting Sail for that Country: The Utopian Urge behind Inclusion
The vision for the future embedded in inclusive values has fuelled educational reform. This paper will explore the utopian drive behind inclusion. The contributions of thinkers as diverse as John Dewey, Antonio Gramsci, and Paulo Freire give impetus to efforts to create a better tomorrow. They, and those who have previously struggled for…
Implementation Strategies of Inclusive Education in Cypriot Classrooms
This research examined the implementation strategies used by the participant teachers in order to practice inclusion in their classrooms. To this end, we investigated the participant teachers' perceptions of their roles and the barriers faced in the implementation of inclusion. Interviews and observations were carried out with four teachers…
Angelides, Panayiotis; Hajisoteriou, Christina
Academic Progress of Students across Inclusive and Traditional Settings
Effects of inclusive school settings for students in six Indiana school corporations were investigated. Results reveal that students without disabilities educated in inclusive settings made significantly greater academic progress in mathematics and reading. For students with disabilities, there were no significant differences in reading and math…
Cole, Cassandra M.; Waldron, Nancy; Majd, Massoumeh
Inclusive Religious Education in Local Churches in the Netherlands
This article explores several principles underlying the developing practice of inclusive religions education in the Netherlands. The Institute for Theology and Social Integration (Utrecht, The Netherlands) has been instrumental in advocacy for inclusive programming within churches. Underlying philosophies include the notion of "taking a walk" and experiential aspects of religious participation and practice. Practical examples of pastoral practices are provided.
Johan Smit; Erik Schuitemaker; Piet Brongers
Teachers' Perceptions of the Inclusion of Marginalised Groups
This paper is based on the concept of inclusion as a process of recognising and minimising the barriers to learning and participation of all children, with teachers as the key players in implementing inclusion in practice. There are two key questions: (1) How do teachers rank different groups of marginalised children? (2) How do teachers see their…
Pecek, Mojca; Cuk, Ivan; Lesar, Irena
Embracing inclusion: the critical role of the library
Social inclusion is high on the Government's agenda but the role of public libraries in this area has not always been clearly defined. This paper first examines the issue of social exclusion, attempting to define the inclusive society. Drawing on recent work by the Library and Information Commission (2000), it then proposes that research conducted by the University of Central
Briony Train; Pete Dalton; Judith Elkin
Preparation of uranium compounds
UI.sub.3(1,4-dioxane).sub.1.5 and UI.sub.4(1,4-dioxane).sub.2, were synthesized in high yield by reacting turnings of elemental uranium with iodine dissolved in 1,4-dioxane under mild conditions. These molecular compounds of uranium are thermally stable and excellent precursor materials for synthesizing other molecular compounds of uranium including alkoxide, amide, organometallic, and halide compounds.
Kiplinger, Jaqueline L; Montreal, Marisa J; Thomson, Robert K; Cantat, Thibault; Travia, Nicholas E
Inclusive. eta. production in. tau. decays
We have searched for inclusive eta production in tau decays using a sample of 2553 events of e{sup +}e{sup minus} {yields} {tau}{sup +}{tau}{sup minus} in the one-three topology. The data were taken with the High Resolution Spectrometer at {radical}s = 29 GeV. Our results are based on an analysis of the {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup minus} invariant mass spectrum to find the narrow peak resulting from the decay sequence {tau} {yields} {eta}x and {eta} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup minus}{pi}{degree}. No clear peak is observed and a 90% confidence upper limit on the process {tau} {yields} {eta}x of 2.1% is found. For decays {tau} {yields} {eta}{eta}x the 90% confidence upper limit is 1.3%. Our best limit on {tau} {yields} {eta}{eta}x is obtained from tau decay to five charged particles with a 90% confidence level upper limit of 0.5%.
Abachi, S.; Akerlof, C.; Baringer, P.; Blockus, D.; Brabson, B.; Brom, J.M.; Bylsma, B.G.; Chapman, J.; Cork, B.; De Bonte, R.; Derrick, M.; Errede, D.; Jung, C.; Ken, M.; Koltick, D.S.; Kooijman, P.; Loos, J.S.; Low, E.H.; McIlwain, R.L.; Meyer, D.I.; Miller, D.H.; Musgrave, B.; Neal, H.; Ng, C.R.; Nitz, D.; Ogren, H.; Paik, H.W.; Price, L.E.; Rangan, L.K.; Repond, J.; Rust, D.R.; Shibata, E.I.; Sugano, K.; Thun, R.; Tschirhart,
On the theory of perturbed inclusions and its applications
Inclusions with right-hand side that is the algebraic sum of the values of a compact-valued operator and a map equal to the product of a linear integral operator and a set-valued operator with values convex with respect to switching are considered. Existence questions for solutions of such inclusions are discussed, and the density principle and the `bang-bang' principle are established. Properties of the solution sets of inclusions with internal and external perturbations are studied. A necessary and sufficient condition ensuring that the intersection of the closures of the sets of approximate solutions coincides with the closure of the set of the original inclusion is obtained. The results are applied to the analysis of boundary-value problems for functional-differential inclusions.
Bulgakov, A. I.; Belyaeva, O. P.; Grigorenko, A. A.
Plagioclase-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites - Liquid condensates?
The characteristics and formation of coarse-grained, plagioclase-rich inclusions are investigated. The textures, mineralogical compositions, and initial Al-26/Al-27 ratios for the plagioclase-rich inclusions are described. It is observed that plagioclase-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites are either Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) composed of 30-60 vol pct anorthite, and less than 35 vol pct Ti-Al-pyroxene and melilite, or CA chondrites composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, spinel, and melilite. It is observed that CA chondrules are chemically and mineralogically the most similar components shared by carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites. The textural changes observed in the inclusions are examined. The data reveal that the CAIs have three textural groups: coarse anorthite laths, equigranular anorthite and Ti-Al-pyroxene, and lacy Ti-Al-pyroxene and fine-grained anorthite.
Wark, D. A.
Conceptions of Inclusion and Inclusive Education: A Critical Examination of the Perspectives and Practices of Teachers in Poland
This small-scale study details the development and execution of a system of inclusive education in 20th and 21st century in Poland. A detailed review of the literature and employment of in-depth semi-structured interviews aimed to establish how inclusion is defined and operationalised in Poland. In addition, the study sought to establish how the…
Starczewska, Ania; Hodkinson, Alan; Adams, Gill
Wherefore art thou, inclusion? Analysing the development of inclusive education in New South Wales, Alberta and Finland
Over the last two decades, moves toward 'inclusion' have prompted change in the formation of education policies, schooling structures and pedagogical practice. Yet, exclusion through the categorisation and segregation of students with diverse abilities has grown, particularly for students with challenging behaviour. This paper considers what has happened to inclusive education by focusing on three educational jurisdictions known to be
Linda J. Graham; Markku Jahnukainen
Inclusive practice within the lived cultures of school communities: research case studies in teaching, learning and inclusion
This paper provides an account of a teacher' s use of theory as a tool to develop inclusive practice through a social studies programme in a new entrant class. The account illustrates the ways in which the teacher drew on research to assist in the facilitation of an inclusive educational environment. Presented are research case studies the teacher encountered in
Silicate Inclusions in IAB Irons: Correlations Between Metal Composition and Inclusion Properties, and Inferences for Their Origin
IAB irons are the largest group of iron meteorites, exhibit a large range of siderophile element concentrations in their metal, and commonly contain silicate inclusions with roughly chondritic composition. They are closely related to IIICD irons [1,2] and their inclusions resemble winonaites [3]. It has been suggested that IAB's and IIICD's formed in individual impact melt pools [4,2] on a
G. K. Benedix; T. J. McCoy; K. Keil
The Case for Inclusion: A Study of the Development of Inclusive Preschool Programs for Children with Disabilities
Purpose: The purpose of this case study was to identify the actions taken by public school districts to develop, implement, and maintain inclusive preschool programs. Further, this study compared the inclusive preschools' main components to the components identified by Buysse et al. (2001) and the components recommended by the Division of Early…
Cox, Kathy M.
Types of Compound Leaves
This illustrated guide is designed to help students recognize and learn the different types of compound leaves. The single Web page can be easily printed for use at field sites. Along with a short description, an illustration that identifies a leaflet and petiole is included for four types of compound leaves.
Analyzing Cranberry Bioactive Compounds
There is a growing public interest for the North American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) as a functional food because of the potential health benefits linked to phytochemical compounds present in the fruit—the anthocyanin pigments, responsible for its brilliant red color, and other secondary plant metabolites (flavonols, flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acid derivatives). Isolation of these phenolic compounds and flavonoids from a
J. Côté; S. Caillet; G. Doyon; J.-F Sylvain; M. Lacroix
Phosphorus-Nitrogen Compounds.
The chemistry of P-N compounds is characterized by the existence of polymeric compounds. Many derivatives of the six membered ring system (NPCl(sub2)) and of the eight membered system (NPCl(sub 2))(sub 4) are known Therefore, the reaction of PCl(sub 5) wi...
M. Becke-Goehring
Fine Structure of Cellular Inclusions in Measles Virus Infections
Cells which are infected with measles virus have been known for some time to contain inclusion material that is distinguishable from normal cellular components by application of traditional staining methods and observation in the light microscope. The fine structure of the inclusion material contained in HeLa cells infected with Edmonston strain of measles virus has been examined in the electron microscope. Two steps have been found necessary in this study: (1) the recognition by phase-contrast microscopy of the living cell of bodies that are defined as inclusion material when the cells are classically stained; and (2) the recognition in the electron microscope of inclusion-body material that had previously been identified in the living cell. The fine structure of the nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion material in osmium-treated cells was found to consist mainly of randomly arrayed filaments of low electron density. Dense, highly ordered arrays of filaments were found near the center of the nuclear inclusions, sometimes as a two-dimensional, nearly orthogonal arrangement. If the size of the measles virus is taken to be around 100 mµ in diameter, the strands seen in the inclusions cannot be fully formed virus.
Kallman, Frances; Adams, John M.; Williams, Robley C.; Imagawa, David T.
in the Inclusions in Si-Mn-killed Steel
The thermodynamic equilibria between CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaF2-MgO(-MnO) slag and Fe-1.5 mass pct Mn-0.5 mass pct Si-0.5 mass pct Cr melt was investigated at 1873 K (1600 °C) in order to understand the effect of slag composition on the concentration of Al2O3 in the inclusions in Si-Mn-killed steels. The composition of the inclusions were mainly equal to (mol pct MnO)/(mol pct SiO2) = 0.8(±0.06) with Al2O3 content that was increased from about 10 to 40 mol pct by increasing the basicity of slag (CaO/SiO2 ratio) from about 0.7 to 2.1. The concentration ratio of the inclusion components, , and the activity ratio of the steel components, , showed a good linear relationship on a logarithmic scale, indicating that the activity coefficient ratio of the inclusion components, , was not significantly changed. From the slag-steel-inclusion multiphase equilibria, the concentration of Al2O3 in the inclusions was expressed as a linear function of the activity ratio of the slag components, on a logarithmic scale. Consequently, a compositional window of the slag for obtaining inclusions with a low liquidus temperature in the Si-Mn-killed steel treated in an alumina ladle is recommended.
Park, Jun Seok; Park, Joo Hyun
IAB irons are the largest group of iron meteorites, exhibit a large range of siderophile element concentrations in their metal, and commonly contain silicate inclusions with roughly chondritic composition. They are closely related to IIICD irons [1,2] and their inclusions resemble winonaites [3]. It has been suggested that IAB's and IIICD's formed in individual impact melt pools [4,2] on a common parent body. However, it has also been suggested that fractional crystallization [5,6] of a S-saturated core could produce the observed siderophile element trends. Metal composition is correlated with silicate inclusion mineralogy in IIICD's [1], indicating reactions between solid silicates and the metallic magma in a core. These trends observed in IIICD's differ from those in IAB's, suggesting different parent bodies. A bi-modal grouping, based primarily on mineralogy and mineral abundances, was suggested for IAB inclusions [7]. However, recent recoveries of several new silicate-bearing IAB's, along with the emergence of new ideas on their origins, prompted a comprehensive study to document more fully the range of inclusions within IAB irons, to examine possible correlations between the compositions of the metallic host and the silicate inclusions, and to elucidate the origin of IAB irons. We are studying troilite-graphite-silicate inclusions in 24 IAB irons with Ni concentrations ranging from 6.6-25.0%. These include Odessa and Copiapo types [7], newly recovered meteorites (e.g., Lueders [8]) and meteorites with extreme Ni contents (e.g., Jenny's Creek, 6.8%; San Cristobal, 25.0% [9]). The inclusions exhibit a range of textures from recrystallized to partial melts (e.g., Caddo County [10]). Rigorous classification [7] is hampered by heterogeneities between group meteorites, between different samples of distinct meteorites, and within individual inclusions. While intergroup heterogeneities make comparisons between the suite of IAB's somewhat difficult, some general trends do exist. Inclusion mineralogy progresses from graphite-troilite nodules in low Ni IAB's, to silicate-dominated inclusions in high Ni IAB's. With increasing Ni abundance in the metal, systematic variations are found in several properties. Two groups are delineated on a Ni vs Fa content plot and both are positively correlated with Ni content. Graphite abundance noticeably decreases with increasing Ni content [7]. Graphite location also varies with Ni: graphite is primarily found interstitial to the silicates in low Ni IAB's, but is located at metal-silicate boundaries in those with higher Ni abundances. With increasing Ni, daubreelite disappears. Inclusion shape also varies [7]: more angular inclusions are associated with low Ni, while more rounded inclusions exist at high Ni contents. These systematic changes suggest interaction between the silicate inclusions and an evolving metallic magma. Troilite and graphite abundances may be related to early nucleation on silicates, hence their depletion in high Ni (later crystallizing) irons. The presence of abundant graphite creates reducing conditions which would result in the formation of daubreelite. Conditions become more oxidizing with loss of graphite, evidenced by lack of daubreelite and more FeO-rich silicates in high Ni irons. Although an overall trend exists, the story is complicated by heterogeneities. Significant variations are found between paired samples (e.g., Toluca and Tacubaya), as well as within individual inclusions (daubreelite and chromite in same inclusion). Local oxidation conditions may be controlled by graphite abundance. Heterogeneities within specific meteorites need documentation. Most of the inclusions exhibit similar textural (metamorphic) features, but a few show evidence of partial melting and melt migration, further complicating the parent body history. While a variety of processes (oxidation-reduction, metamorphism, partial melting) affected the inclusions during formation, systematic changes observed here indicate that the silicates were interacting with a single evolving metallic ma
Benedix, G. K.; McCoy, T. J.; Keil, K.
Effect of liquid crystals with cyclodextrin on the bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble compound, diosgenin, after its oral administration to rats.
Diosgenin, found in wild yam (Dioscorea villosa), has been shown to ameliorate diabetes and hyperlipidemia, increase cell proliferation in a human 3D skin model, and inhibits melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. It is also an active element in cosmeceutical and dietary supplements. Although the bioavailability of diosgenin is low due to its poor solubility and intestinal permeability, it was subsequently improved using a ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD) inclusion complex. Recently liquid crystals (LCs) were shown to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The purpose in the present study was to prepare diosgenin LCs and investigate the interaction between LC and ?-CD in order to improve its bioavailability of diosgenin. Crystallinity and particle diameters of LCs in water were determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and Zetasizer. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the plasma content of diosgenin after its oral administration to Wistar rats. Regarding the formation of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and phytantriol (PHY) LC, SAXS patterns showed the hexagonal and cubic phases, respectively. Bioavailability was significantly enhanced after oral administration of LCs prepared by GMO than after diosgenin alone. The bioavailability was further improved with the combination of LC and ?-CD than LC and water. PMID:24954725
Okawara, Masaki; Hashimoto, Fumie; Todo, Hiroaki; Sugibayashi, Kenji; Tokudome, Yoshihiro
Protein composition of the intranuclear inclusions of FXTAS.
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by premutation expansions (55-200 CGG repeats) in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. The pathologic hallmark of FXTAS is the ubiquitin-positive intranuclear inclusion found in neurons and astrocytes in broad distribution throughout the brain. The pathogenesis of FXTAS is likely to involve an RNA toxic gain-of-function mechanism, and the FMR1 mRNA has recently been identified within the inclusions. However, little is known about the proteins that mediate the abnormal cellular response to the expanded CGG repeat allele. As one approach to identify the protein mediators, we have endeavoured to define the protein complement of the inclusion itself. Fluorescence-activated flow-based methods have been developed for the efficient purification of inclusions from the post-mortem brain tissue of FXTAS patients. Mass spectrometric analysis of the entire protein complement of the isolated inclusions, combined with immunohistochemical analysis of both isolated nuclei and tissue sections, has been used to identify inclusion-associated proteins. More than 20 inclusion-associated proteins have been identified on the basis of combined immunohistochemical and mass spectrometric analysis, including a number of neurofilaments and lamin A/C. There is no dominant protein species in the inclusions, and ubiquitinated proteins represent only a minor component; thus, inclusion formation is not likely to reflect a breakdown in proteasomal degradation of nuclear proteins. The list of proteins includes at least two RNA binding proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 and muscle blind-like protein 1, which are possible mediators of the RNA gain-of-function in FXTAS. PMID:16246864
Iwahashi, C K; Yasui, D H; An, H-J; Greco, C M; Tassone, F; Nannen, K; Babineau, B; Lebrilla, C B; Hagerman, R J; Hagerman, P J
Method for locating metallic nitride inclusions in metallic alloy ingots
A method of determining the location and history of metallic nitride and/or oxynitride inclusions in metallic melts. The method includes the steps of labeling metallic nitride and/or oxynitride inclusions by making a coreduced metallic-hafnium sponge from a mixture of hafnium chloride and the chloride of a metal, reducing the mixed chlorides with magnesium, nitriding the hafnium-labeled metallic-hafnium sponge, and seeding the sponge to be melted with hafnium-labeled nitride inclusions. The ingots are neutron activated and the hafnium is located by radiometric means. Hafnium possesses exactly the proper metallurgical and radiochemical properties for this use.
White, Jack C. (Albany, OR); Traut, Davis E. (Corvallis, OR); Oden, Laurance L. (Albany, OR); Schmitt, Roman A. (Corvallis, OR)
Linear sampling method for the heat equation with inclusions
We are concerned with the reconstruction of unknown inclusions inside a heat conductor from boundary measurements, which is modeled as an inverse boundary value problem for a parabolic equation. Taking the Neumann-to-Dirichlet map as measured data, we establish a linear sampling-type method to identify the inclusions. As in inverse scattering problems, the so-called forward interior transmission problem naturally arises in the linear sampling method for identifying inclusions. The unique solvability of the forward interior transmission problem for parabolic equations is also investigated.
Nakamura, Gen; Wang, Haibing
Goethite-bearing brine inclusions, petroleum inclusions, and the geochemical conditions of ore deposition at the Jumbo mine, Kansas
Petroleum-bearing fluid inclusions occur in sphalerite, calcite, dolomite, and barite at the Jumbo mine, a Mississippi Valley-type deposit in eastern Kansas. In addition to petroleum, Na-Ca-Mg-Fe chloride brines were present during deposition of calcite and sphalerite in which primary inclusions contain {approx gt}23 equivalent wt.% NaCl. Dolomite- and barite-hosted inclusions are more dilute, possibly because of mixing between hydrothermal fluids and groundwater during mineralization. Primary oil inclusions in sphalerite have homogenization temperatures (Th) between 85 and 95{degree}C. Aqueous inclusions have Th values ranging from {approximately}90 to 130{degree}C for sphalerite to below {approximately}50{degree}C for barite. Primary brine inclusions in calcite at the Jumbo mine contain goethite, apparently as a daughter mineral. Goethite has also been tentatively identified in inclusions from the Fletcher mine of Missouri. If goethite is a true daughter phase, it implies the presence of oxidized fluids during mineralization. This suggests that ore deposition resulted from interactions between hydrothermal fluids and dilute groundwater.
Blasch, S.R.; Coveney, R.M. Jr. (Univ. of Missouri, Kansas City (USA))
Organic Compounds Database
The Colby College Department of Chemistry offers the Organic Compounds Database, which was compiled by Harold Bell of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Visitors can search by the compounds melting point, boiling point, index of refraction, molecular weight, formula, absorption wavelength, mass spectral peak, chemical type, and by partial name. Once entered, results are returned with basically the same type of information that can be searched, plus any other critical information. References are provided for the close to 2500 organic compounds included in the database; yet, because the site was last modified in 1995, varying the data may be required to fully authenticate its accuracy.
Bell, Harold M.
Edheads: The Compound Machine
This resource is a collection of interactive animations designed to help kids learn how forces and simple machines can work together to create the compound machine. Child-centered animated activities enhance understanding of how compound machines function and how they are differentiated from simple machines. Additionally the site includes a glossary of important terms, lesson plans, a teacher's guide and information about professionals who work with compound machines. This page is part of a larger collection of animated education resources for the elementary level.
Active compound combinations
The invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a composition, which comprises (A) an amidine compound of formula (I) and a further fungicidally (B-1), insecticidally (B-2) active or plant growth regulating compound (B-3). Moreover, the invention relates to a method for curatively or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or reducing the mycotoxin contamination of plant or plant parts, to the use of a combination according to the invention for the treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and not at least to the treated seed. ##STR00001##
12 CFR 1207.20 - Office of Minority and Women Inclusion.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
... 2013-01-01 false Office of Minority and Women Inclusion. 1207.20 Section 1207.20 Banks...AGENCY ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS MINORITY AND WOMEN INCLUSION Minority and Women Inclusion and Diversity at Regulated Entities...
Fluid inclusion geobarometry from ejected Mt. Somma-Vesuvius nodules.
The results of a microthermometric study of fluid inclusions from seven cumulate and three 'skarn' nodules collected from the pyroclastics of three non-Plinian eruptive episodes are presented. -J.A.Z.
Belkin, H. E.; De Vivo, B.; Roedder, E.; Cortini, M.
Thermal transparency with the concept of neutral inclusion.
The concept of the electromagnetic wave transparency is introduced into the thermal field. The conditions of the thermal transparency for a multilayered sphere with isotropic coatings, a coated spheroid with an isotropic coating, and a coated sphere with a radial anisotropic core or a radial anisotropic coat are deduced with the help of the idea of the neutral inclusion. The thermal transparency can be achieved by making the effective thermal conductivity of the composite inclusion equal to the thermal conductivity of the surrounding matrix. The validity of the theoretical analysis is checked by the corresponding simulated results, which indicate that the designed neutral inclusion can be transparent perfectly. A specific case of interest of the thermal transparency is its application to cancel the thermal stress concentration resulting from the existence of the inclusions in the particle (even the thermal-insulated particle) -reinforced composites. PMID:24125374
He, Xiao; Wu, Linzhi
Cytomegalic inclusion disease in the east African headgehog.
Cytomegaly with intranuclear inclusion bodies was found in the duct epithelium of the salivary glands of five of ten hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). Cytomegalovirus infection was presumed to be the cause. PMID:167206
Karstad, L
Actinide chemistry in Allende Ca-Al-rich inclusions
Fission track radiography is used to investigate the U and Th microscale distribution in a set of Allende-meteorite Ca-Al-rich inclusions. In the Type B inclusions, the major phases melilite and fassaite are important actinide host phases, and on the rims of Type B inclusions and throughout all other inclusions studied, perovskite is the dominant actinide host phase. Results suggest that neither alteration nor loss or gain of an actinide-rich phase appears to have been an important Th/U fractionation mechanism, and that volatility differences may be the dominant factor. Th/U and rare earth element abundance patterns for the spinel and perovskite rim suggest rim formation by volatilization of interior material, and within the constraints of the brief time scale required for this heating, several mechanisms for spinel-perovskite rim formation are possible.
Murrell, M. T.; Burnett, D. S.
Circovirus inclusion bodies in intestinal muscle cells of a canary.
Multiple cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed in the intestinal smooth muscle cells of an adult canary from an aviary with a history of high mortality (50%) both in adult and young birds. Grossly, a mild enteritis was the only lesion appreciable. Smears of the proventricular contents contained a few megabacteria (Macrorhabdus ornithogaster). The intestinal inclusions were found in very high numbers in all parts of the tract examined. They appeared round to oval, amphophilic and hyaline in sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and magenta with Feulgen stain. Inclusions of the same type were occasionally detectable in the wall of a few splenic and pancreatic arteries. No inclusions or lesions were seen in the other organs examined. Transmission electron microscopy of the intestinal wall revealed circovirus-like particles either in paracrystalline arrays or loose arrangements, mostly within the cytoplasm of the intestinal muscule cells. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequence analysis confirmed infection with canary circovirus. PMID:16854639
Rampin, T; Manarolla, G; Pisoni, G; Recordati, C; Sironi, G
Borehole-Inclusion Stressmeter Measurements in Bedded Salt.
Sandia purchased borehole-inclusion stressmeters from a commercial supplier to measure in situ stress changes in bedded salt. However, the supplied stressmeters were difficult to set in place and gave erratic results in bedded salt. These problems were ov...
C. W. Cook E. S. Ames
The identification of meteorite inclusions with isotope anomalies
Ca-Al refractory inclusions with characteristic chemical and mineralogical compositions show an enhanced occurrence of 20 pct of isotope anomalies reflecting unknown nucleosynthetic effects for O and Mg. The anomalies are characterized by large isotope fractionation in Mg, apparent deficits in Mg-26/Mg-24, and large correlated effects for isotopes of Ca, Ti, and Cr. These isotope patterns define exotic components depleted in the most neutron-rich isotopes of Ca, Ti, and Cr, or components depleted in isotopes produced in explosive O and Si burning. An opaque assemblage within one of the inclusions yields isotope anomalies in Cr similar to the bulk inclusion and must be intrinsically part of the inclusion and not a trapped, foreign grain aggregate.
Papanastassiou, D. A.; Brigham, C. A.
Genetics Home Reference: Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies
... episodes of sudden, involuntary muscle jerking or twitching (myoclonus) in addition to dementia. These signs can appear ... epilepsy ; ER ; familial ; gene ; inclusion bodies ; inherited ; involuntary ; myoclonus ; nervous system ; protein ; toxic You may find definitions ...
XFEM with equivalent eigenstrain for matrix-inclusion interfaces
Several engineering applications rely on particulate composite materials, and numerical modelling of the matrix-inclusion interface is therefore a crucial part of the design process. The focus of this work is on an original use of the equivalent eigenstrain concept in the development of a simplified eXtended Finite Element Method. Key points are: the replacement of the matrix-inclusion interface by a coating layer with small but finite thickness, and its simulation as an inclusion with an equivalent eigenstrain. For vanishing thickness, the model is consistent with a spring-like interface model. The problem of a spherical inclusion within a cylinder is solved. The results show that the proposed approach is effective and accurate.
Benvenuti, Elena
Beyond Blindfolds: Creating an Inclusive Classroom through Collaboration.
This article discusses the inclusion of a student with blindness in a general education classroom. Disability awareness activities that encouraged students without blindness to understand blindness are described, including reading materials, a blindfold lunch, and a Braille Day. (CR)
Krebs, Cathryn S.
Preparation and Evaluation of Silymarin ?-cyclodextrin Molecular Inclusion Complexes.
Silymarin is a hepatoprotective agent, having poor water solubility and oral absorption of about 23 - 47%, leading to low bioavailability of the drug. The aim of the present study is to improve the solubility and dissolution rate and in turn the hepatoprotective activity of the drug, by formulating its inclusion complex with beta (?)-cyclodextrin, using different methods. The phase solubility analysis indicates the formation of 1:1 molar inclusion complex of the drug with beta cyclodextrin. Apparent stability constant for Silymarin (K(c)) was 722 K(-1) with ?-cyclodextrin complex. The inclusion complexes were prepared by four different methods, namely, physical mixing, kneading, co-precipitation, and solvent evaporation. The prepared complexes were characterized using differential scanning colorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffractometry. The inclusion complex prepared by the co-precipitation methods exhibits an overall best result, with respect to the formulation of sustained release formulations. PMID:21897659
Ghosh, A; Biswas, S; Ghosh, T
Silicate Inclusions in the Kodaikanal Iie Iron Meteorite.
Silicate inclusions in iron meteorites display an astonishing chemical and mineralogical variety, ranging from chondritic to highly fractionated, silica- and alkali-rich assemblages. In spite of this, their origin is commonly considered to be a simple one...
G. Kurat M. E. Varela
Three New Immunologic Types of Trachoma-Inclusion Conjunctivitis Organisms.
Trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) organisms are closely related. Utilizing protection of mice from toxic death by prior immunization and more recently an indirect micro immunofluorescence technique, the authors ha...
S. P. Wang J. T. Grayston J. L. Gale
Oxygen Isotopes in Refractory Inclusions from the Adelaide Carbonaceous Chondrite.
Except for the effects of terrestrial weathering on melilite, inclusions in Adelaide appear to retain the primary isotopic signatures acquired when they formed. Adelaide is thus an ideal meteorite for investigating processes that produced chondrules and C...
G. R. Huss I. D. Hutcheon A. N. Krot S. Tachibana
Ca,Al-rich Inclusions in Rumuruti Chondrites
We studied 20 R chondrites and found 126 Ca,Al-rich objects (101 CAIs, 19 Al-rich chondrules, and 6 spinel-rich fragments). Based on the mineralogical characterisation the inclusions can be grouped into different classes.
Rout, S. S.; Bischoff, A.
Friction Weld Ductility and Toughness as Influenced by Inclusion Morphology.
Friction welding provides consistently high strength, freedom from fusion defects, and high productivity. However, friction welds in carbon steel exhibit impact toughness and bend ductility significantly lower than that of the parent metal. The inclusion ...
B. J. Eberhard B. W. Schaaf A. D. Wilson
A Framework and Process for Designing Inclusive Technology
First we explain the term 'inclusive technology' that was coined in the context of software projects intended for bridging the digital divide. Such projects have come to be known under the umbrella term \\
K. Pitula; T. Radhakrishnan
Green's kernels for transmission problems in bodies with small inclusions
The uniform asymptotic approximation of Green's kernel for the transmission problem of antiplane shear is obtained for domains with small inclusions. The remainder estimates are provided. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Vladimir Maz'ya; Alexander Movchan; Michael Nieves
Complex polysaccharide inclusions in the skeletal muscle of stranded cetaceans.
Skeletal muscle samples were examined post-mortem in 148 cetaceans over a 12-year period. Histological analysis included haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining with and without diastase digestion. In addition, histological muscle sections were immunostained for ubiquitin and fast and slow heavy-chain myosin isoforms. PAS-positive, diastase-resistant inclusions were detected in 26 animals from 11 different species. Older cetaceans were preferentially affected. These intrafibre inclusions varied from large aggregates to multiple coarse granules and were typically associated with type II fibres. All diastase-resistant inclusions were positive for ubiquitin. These features resembled those inclusions described as complex polysaccharide in horses. Based on these histological findings and the ubiquitin staining pattern, a morphological diagnosis of complex polysaccharide storage myopathy is proposed. PMID:22079146
Sierra, E; Fernández, A; Espinosa de Los Monteros, A; Jaber, J R; Andrada, M; Herráez, P
Survey of Large, Igneous-Textured Inclusions in Ordinary Chondrites
Ordinary (O) chondrites are a class of primitive stony meteorites, and as a group comprise our most abundant samples of early solar system materials. Unique to O chondrites are igneous-textured inclusions up to 4 cm in diameter; about an order of magnitude larger than the much more abundant chondrules. These inclusions are almost always highly depleted in metal and sulfide relative to their host meteorite, but but otherwise have diverse characteristics. They exhibit a large range of textures, mineralogies, and bulk compositions, suggesting a variety of formation processes. They all crystallized from large melt volumes, the origins of which are poorly understood. Models proposed for their formation include (1) shock melting of ordinary chondrites with an associated loss of metal and sulfide; (2) melting of vapor-fractionated condensate mixture; (3) chondrule formation involving a larger melt production volume than typical for chondrules; and (4) igneous differentiation occurring within planetesimals sampled by ordinary chondrite parent bodies. Polished thin sections of inclusions from several O-chondrites have been examined with optical light microscopy (OLM) using a Leica DM 2500 petrographic microscope. Petrographic data such as texture, grain sizes and shapes were collected for the inclusions and their hosts in order to facilitate comparisons. Texturally, the inclusions were determined to fall into one of three distinct textural categories: porphyritic, fine granular, and skeletal. Mean grain sizes are on the order of 100 um for both microporphyritic and fine granular inclusions, with microporphyritic inclusions showing a much wider range of grain sizes. The largest grains in the microporphyritic inclusions are on average ~0.25 mm, with the grains of the mesostasis <100 microns. Skeletal olivine textures are defined as being dominated by crystals that are an order of magnitude longer across one direction than the other (e.g., 1 mm x 100 um). Five inclusions have been investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on a Zeiss Sigma FE-VP SEM at Portland State University. Backscatter electron micrographs were obtained in order to provide additional petrographic data, and olivine composition was determined using a silicon-drift energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector integrated with an Oxford Instruments AZtec X-ray analytical system. Olivine crystals of six inclusions were investigated with electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), performed with a Cameca SX-100 electron microprobe located at Oregon State University, and remotely operated from Portland State. The instrument will be operated at 15 kV accelerating voltage, with a 10-50 nA sample current and a beam diameter of approximately 1 um. Chemically, some inclusions were found to have equilibrated olivine, while others were uneqilibrated. This was also unrelated to host classification, as well as unrelated to host petrographic type. Of the two unequilibrated hosts studied, one had two unequilibrated inclusions, while the other had one equilibrated inclusion. Several eqilibrated hosts had equilibrated inclusion, while one equilibrated host had an unequilibrated inclusion. Neither texture nor chemistry was determined to be related to host type or related to whether the inclusion is a drop-formed mass or a clast.
Armstrong, K.; Ruzicka, A. M.
Phosphate-Silicate Inclusions in Chaunskij: How Diverse are They?
The Chaunskij meteorite was found in 1985 and was recently classified as the most highly metamorphosed, shock-modified, and metal-rich mesosiderite [1]. It contains ~10 vol% mono- and polymineralic troilite-phosphate-silicate inclusions, micrometers to centimeters in size. Metal in Chaunskij displays a mesosiderite structure and is described in some detail in an accompanying paper [2]. Here we present new data on polymineralic inclusions that shed additional light on their origin. Two dominant silicate lithologies have been found in the inclusions. One, making up the largest inclusion (2.2 x 1.7 cm), consists of a fine-grained (20-30 micrometers) aggregate of anhedral pyroxene, subhedral plagioclase laths, and silica, with larger poikilitic grains of the first two minerals. Whitlockite is minor. Textures vary from microophitic to xenoblastic. This lithology, called "igneous," also contains rare primary clasts enriched in pyroxene, whose boundaries are almost unresolvable from the ground mass in transmitted light. The second, "metamorphic" lithology occurs as separate small inclusions and as larger areas in intimate contact with the "igneous" lithology in the largest inclusion. This lithology is a fine-grained (typically 30-50 micrometers) xenoblastic intergrowth of low-Ca pyroxene, whitlockite, and cordierite, with rare larger porphyritic grains of the first two minerals. Porphyritic pyroxene grain edges are generally irregular, indicative of reaction with the ground mass. Plagioclase is present only as a rare accessory mineral. Minor minerals in both lithologies are silica, kamacite, taenite, troilite, chromite, ilmenite, and rutile. Rare grains of pyrophanite, zircon, alabandite, stanfieldite, and a graftonite-farringtonite mineral are also present in the inclusions. Mineral compositions of small inclusions are more diverse than those characteristic of the "igneous" and "metamorphic" lithologies. Many of them consist of cordierite, pyroxene, and whitlockite intergrowths, with or without silica and opaque minerals. However, some inclusions do not match the mineralogies of "igneous" or "metamorphic" lithologies. They consist of cordierite only (inclusion #1-10); cordierite and silica (#1-18); silica, whitlockite, and troilite with minor Al-rich chromite and rare pyroxene (#4- 5A); plagioclase and whitlockite (#4-5D); and silica and whitlockite (#4-6E). Mineral compositions vary considerably both between and within all inclusions. No systematic differences between separate inclusions were found. Compositions of pyroxene and plagioclase match those of mesosideritic minerals. The chromite and ilmenite display systematic variations in MgO, MnO, Al(sub)2O(sub)3 and V(sub)2O(sub)3 contents, suggestive of a precursor material consisting of a series of basaltic rocks. The bulk chemical composition of the largest silicate inclusion, recalculated to the silicate fraction only, is very close to that of eucrites and mesosiderites except for a large enrichment in P and volatile chalcophiles. Major-element and REE chemistry and bulk mineralogy point to cumulate eucrites as the precursor of the silicate inclusions. This precursor was apparently slightly fractionated during the remelting event inferred by the structure of the "igneous" lithology. The "metamorphic" lithology apparently was formed due to reaction between silicates and phosphorus dissolved in the metal: Px + An + P + O --> Cord + Q + Whit. This reaction took place under ~700 degrees C and ~4 kbar [3] in the interior of the Chaunskij parent body. Compositions and textures of small inclusions suggest that the metamorphic reaction took place before the incorporation of the inclusions into the piece of metal making up the Chaunskij main mass. References: [1] Petaev M. I. et al. (1993) LPS XXIV, 1131-1132. [2] Clarke R. S. Jr. et al., this volume. [3] Petaev M. I. et al. (1992) Meteoritics, 27, 276-277.
Petaev, M. I.; Clarke, R. S., Jr.; Jarosewich, E.; Lipschutz, M. E.; Wang, M.-S.; Davis, A. M.; Steele, I. M.; Olsen, E. J.; Wood, J. A.
Intracytoplasmic Crystalline Inclusions in the Hepatocytes of an Antelope.
This case report describes intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions in the hepatocytes of a 13-year-old female Thomson's gazelle. Histologically, multifocal to coalescing areas of many hepatocytes contained large cytoplasmic vacuoles filled with pale eosin...
B. Williams E. Lombardini N. Wakamatsu S. Gumber
Heart testing compound
The compound 15-(p-[.sup.125 I]-iodophenyl)-6-tellurapentadecanoic acid is disclosed as a myocardial imaging agent having rapid and pronounced uptake, prolonged myocardial retention, and low in vivo deiodination.
Knapp, Jr., Furn F. (Oak Ridge, TN); Goodman, Mark M. (Knoxville, TN)
Research on Intermetallic Compounds.