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Earthquake Engineering Research - 1982.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Committee on Earthquake Engineering Research addressed two questions: What progress has research produced in earthquake engineering and which elements of the problem should future earthquake engineering pursue. It examined and reported in separate cha...
Earthquake Engineering Research - 1982: Overview and Recommendations.
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
NSDL National Science Digital Library
A national, nonprofit technical society, the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) was founded in 1949 and aims to "reduce earthquake risk by advancing the science and practice of earthquake engineering." EERI's searchable site contains news, timely information, and documents pertaining to earthquakes and related engineering issues. Highlights include the reconnaissance reports with in-depth coverage of current and past quakes. The Web exclusives section contains photos and testimonies, such as a slide show and text of an accompanying testimony made to the US House of Representatives Committee on Science on lessons learned from the Turkey, Taiwan, and Mexico City earthquakes. On the site's main page, users may browse through the links of highlights, such as the one to the EERI newsletter.
Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical Reports
The California Institute of Technology Library System and the Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory provides the Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical Reports Web site. Visitors will find access to technical reports by browsing the categorized sets from the Center for Research on the Prevention of Natural Disasters, Dynamics Laboratory, Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, and the Soil Mechanics Laboratory, as well as the section entitled Policy Documents. The materials can also be viewed by year (going back to 1952) or fully searched to gain access to the full-text reports, which include offerings like Impact of Seismic Risk on Lifetime Property Values. Although the topics covered are somewhat limited on the site, those interested will appreciate the well organized and informative resources provided.
Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
Founded in 1986, the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) is located at the State University of New York at Buffalo. MCEER draws on the expertise of many researchers and industry partners from across the United States, as they are "dedicated to the discovery and development of new knowledge, tools and technologies that equip communities to become more disaster resilient in the face of earthquakes and other extreme events.�¯�¿�½ The Center receives funding from a wide range of institutions, including the National Science Foundation, the Federal Highway Administration, and the Department of Homeland Security. Along with the usual conference announcements and newsletters that one might expect to find on a homepage of this sort, visitors can also peruse their archive of webcasts, which include such past presentations as "Seismic Analysis of Woodframe Structures" and "Structural Control Technologies". Visitors will not be surprised to find that there are also a number of special reports on Hurricane Katrina that are worth taking a look at here.
Research Progress and Accomplishments: 1999-2000, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.
This is a selection of papers chronicling the technical achievements of the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research during 1999-2000. 11 papers are included in this collection: Modeling Earthquake Impact on Urban Lifeline Systems: Adv...
Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research: A Community Workshop Report.
The George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES), supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), is an important component of the National Earthquake Hazards Reductions Program (NEHRP). NEHRP is a coordinated effort acros...
First U.S.-Japan workshop on advanced research on earthquake engineering for dams. Final report
SciTech Connect
The First US-Japan Workshop on Advanced Research on Earthquake Engineering for Dams was held under the sponsorship of the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station and the Public Works Research Institute of Japan (PWRI) under the auspices of Task Committee D, Earthquake Engineering for Dams, of the UJNR Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects, in Vicksburg, Mississippi, 12-14 November 1996. The workshop provided a valuable forum to exchange technical information on earthquake engineering for dams in both countries. The workshop was attended by 11 Japanese participants, 26 US participants, and 1 visitor from the United Kingdom. Four agencies and two universities were represented in the Japanese delegation. The US participants were drawn from the US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Bureau of Reclamation.
Hynes, M.E.; Hall, R.; Baker, J.C.; Yamaguchi, Y.
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Portal
Site aiming to provide useful and educational information in geotechnical earthquake engineering. The site involves topics such as: liquefaction engineering, seismic slope analysis and soil structure interaction.
Potential utilization of the NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in earthquake engineering research
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Earthquake engineering research capabilities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) facilities at George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Alabama, were evaluated. The results indicate that the NASA/MSFC facilities and supporting capabilities offer unique opportunities for conducting earthquake engineering research. Specific features that are particularly attractive for large scale static and dynamic testing of natural and man-made structures include the following: large physical dimensions of buildings and test bays; high loading capacity; wide range and large number of test equipment and instrumentation devices; multichannel data acquisition and processing systems; technical expertise for conducting large-scale static and dynamic testing; sophisticated techniques for systems dynamics analysis, simulation, and control; and capability for managing large-size and technologically complex programs. Potential uses of the facilities for near and long term test programs to supplement current earthquake research activities are suggested.
Scholl, R. E. (editor)
Earthquake Engineering Support, Phase 2.
This project is a continuation of earlier research work by the Principal Investigator in support of the Earthquake Engineering Research Program, under the direction of the USAE Waterways Experiment Station at Vicksburg, Mississippi. The program of experim...
R. S. Steedman
Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation
The National Science Foundation (NSF) created the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) to give researchers the tools to learn how earthquakes and tsunami impact the buildings, bridges, utility systems and other critical components of today's society. NEES is a network of 15 large-scale, experimental sites linked to a centralized data pool and earthquake simulation software which allows off-site researchers to interact in real time with any of the networked sites.
Earthquake Research Reveals New Information
This brief, three-part report focuses on NSF-sponsored earthquake safety projects. The first section is on the Simmillennium Project, which investigates computer earthquake modeling techniques. The second section concentrates on hospitals, which are particularly difficult to retrofit for earthquake safety because of the sophisticated diagnostic and treatment systems they contain. The report also gives news of a safety engineering project for elementary school students created by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Research Progress and Accomplishments: 1997-1999, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.
Contents: A New Application for Remotely Sensed Data: Construction of Building Inventories Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology; Improving Earthquake Loss Estimation: Review, Assessment and Extension of Loss Estimation Methodologies; Benchmark Models...
Earthquakes and Earthquake Engineering. LC Science Tracer Bullet.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
An earthquake is a shaking of the ground resulting from a disturbance in the earth's interior. Seismology is the (1) study of earthquakes; (2) origin, propagation, and energy of seismic phenomena; (3) prediction of these phenomena; and (4) investigation of the structure of the earth. Earthquake engineering or engineering seismology includes the�
Buydos, John F., Comp.
Proceedings of the PRC (Peoples Republic of China)-US (United States) Earthquake Engineering Forum for Young Researchers (on CD-ROM).
From May 27-June 7, 2006, about 25 young researchers from the United States and China participated in the PRC-US Earthquake Engineering Forum for Young Researchers. The purpose of the forum was to establish professional opportunities and foster long-term ...
Preliminary Report on the Seismological and Engineering Aspects of the January 17, 1994 Northridge Earthquake.
Immediately following the 17 January, 1994, Northridge earthquake, the Earthquake Engineering Research Center dispatched a reconnaissance team to the epicentral region. The report, issued one week after the earthquake, provides an overview of the seismolo...
J. P. Moehle
George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation
NSF Publications Database
... George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation The George E. Brown, Jr. Network ... National Science Foundation created the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering ...
Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo
The Earthquake Research Institute (ERI) at the University of Tokyo acts as the primary association for fundamental geophysical research in Japan and oversees the Earthquake Predication Center and the Volcanic Eruption Prediction Program. The website offers the latest earthquake and volcano news. While a few of the research projects are described only in Japanese, visitors can learn about the Ocean Hemisphere Network Project, Special Project for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Urban Areas, and the Marine Seismic Survey. The web site offers links to numerous earthquake databases and to the Institute's many research centers.
Engine Research Center: Advanced Diesel Engine Research.
The objectives of the Engine Research Center (ERC) are to conduct research leading to improved diesel engines, to provide trained manpower for U. S. needs, and to cooperate in technical information exchange with Army and other engine laboratories. Fundame...
M. Corradini P. Farrell D. Foster J. Ghandhi J. Martin
The National Science Foundation (NSF) created the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) to improve our understanding of earthquakes and their effects. Illustration courtesy of University at Buffalo, SUNY, Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory NEES supports the construction and operation of large-scale field laboratories for studying the effects of earthquakes on rocks and soil. Photo Credits Cover (from left to right): San Diego ...
Engineering Research Center Fact Sheets
Curious about the latest developments in bioengineering, microelectronics, or earthquake hazard reduction? Wondering what type of research your tax dollars support? Then have a look at this recent posting from the National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Engineering Research Centers (ERC) Program which supports university research in partnership with industry. Here, users can access project descriptions from a variety of laboratories associated with the ERC. Examples of centers featured include Georgia Tech/ Emory Center for the Engineering of Living Tissues, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Center for Neuromorphic Systems Engineering, and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, to name a few. The research pages, available in either HTML or .pdf formats, present research goals, collaborating institutions, facility overviews, technology transfer initiatives, educational outreach projects, and links to contacts. At many of the pages, color photographs and illustrations accompany text. So the next time you are taking a break from work, peruse the NSF's Engineering Research Centers Fact Sheets and get the latest news about federally funded research and technology.
Earthquake Hazard Research in the Pacific Northwest.
The research project has focused on a number of fundamental problems related to earthquake hazards in the densely populated Puget Sound - Willamette Valley region. The authors are attempting to better understand the origin of both crustal and subcrustal e...
R. S. Crosson K. C. Creager
An Online Platform for Resources and Collaborative Research on Earthquake Source
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
We develop the online platform http://equake-rc.info for collaborative research on earthquake sources. The platform has three main features: (1) finite-fault earthquake source models (SRCMOD) database, (2) Source Inversion Validation (SIV) Benchmarks and its Wiki, and (3) software Codes for Earthquake Rupture and ground-motion Simulation (CERS). SRCMOD collects and disseminates source models of past earthquakes. SIV aims at benchmarking the current state-of-the-art in earthquake source inversions and developing robust approaches to quantify uncertainties in the source models. CERS currently has three software packages. These include 'RupGen' for generating synthetic earthquake rupture models, 'Stress2Slip' for computing on-fault static stress changes corresponding to a slip distribution, and 'BB-Simulation' for computing and integrating high frequency synthetics with low frequency waveforms to generate hybrid broadband seismograms. We envision that this online platform will be useful in advancing research on earthquake source processes and earthquake engineering.
Thingbaijam, K. S.; Mai, P. M.
Tsunami and Earthquake Research at the USGS
This portal provides access to information on United States Geological Survey (USGS) research and resources on tsunamis and earthquakes. Materials include news and events in USGS tsunami research, an overview of the program, and basic information on the life of a tsunami. There are also links to individual research projects. The site also features an extensive set of tsunami animations of real and hypothetical events, and links to VRML models of real and hypothetical events.
Advanced Chemical Engineering Research.
Ten advanced chemical engineering research projects were executed at the US Army Natick RDE Center over a three month period by students of the David H. Koch School of Chemical Engineering Practice, administered by the Massachusetts Institute of Technolog...
T. A. Hatton
Engineering Research and Development
Microsoft Academic Search
The mission of the Engineering Research Program is to develop the people and technology needed to support current and future Laboratory programs. To accomplish this mission Engineering Research has two important goals -- to identify key technology areas important to the Laboratory and to conduct high quality research and development. To help focus our efforts in achieving these goals we
E. Lafranchi; M. Genin; P. Adye; W. Clements; K. Gordon; H. Highstone; M. Kotowski; D. Sceales
The regional earthquake research and prediction NETWORK
A project for complex regional NETWORK for prediction the earthquake s time place epicenter depth magnitude and intensity using reliable precursors is proposed and shortly analyzed The precursors list includes usual geophysical and seismological monitoring of the region including hydrochemical monitoring of water sources and their Radon and Helium concentrations crust temperature and hydrogeodeformation field monitoring of the electromagnetic field under on and above Earth surface meteorological monitoring of the atmosphere including earthquake clouds and electrical charge distributions near space monitoring aimed to estimate the Sun or Earth origin of variations and biological precursors The Project is based on contemporary data acquisition system for preliminary archiving testing visualizing and analyzing the data The theoretical part of the Project includes wide interdisciplinary research based on the unification of standard Earth sciences and using of nonlinear inverse problem methods for discovering the empirical and hidden dependences between variables By means of special software the complex environmental and real time analyzed Satellite data shall be used to prepare regional daily risk estimations The imminent when earthquake s predictions are based on the correlation between geomagnetic quakes and the incoming minimum or maximum of tidal gravitational potential There is unique correspondence between the geomagnetic quake signal and the maximum of the monitoring point of the predicted earthquake energy density The
Mavrodiev, S.
Earthquakes: Risk, Detection, Warning, and Research.
Under the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), the federal government supports efforts to assess and monitor earthquake hazards and risk in the United States. Four federal agencies, responsible for long-term earthquake risk reduction, co...
P. Folger
National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach.
The United States will certainly be subject to damaging earthquakes in the future. Some of these earthquakes will occur in highly populated and vulnerable areas. Coping with moderate earthquakes is not a reliable indicator of preparedness for a major eart...
Advances in Earthquake Prediction Research and the June 2000 Earthquakes in Iceland
In June 2000, two earthquakes with magnitude 6.6 (Ms) occurred in the central part of the South Iceland seismic zone (SISZ). Earthquakes in this region have, according to historical information, in some cases caused collapse of the majority of houses in areas encompassing 1,000 square kilometers in this relatively densely populated farming region. Because large earthquakes were expected to occur soon, much attention was given to preparedness in the region and for the last two decades it has been the subject of multi- national, mainly European, co-operation in earthquake prediction research and in the development of a high- level micro-earthquake system: the SIL system. Despite intensive surface fissuring caused by the earthquakes and measured accelerations reaching 0.8 g, the earthquakes in 2000 caused no serious injuries and no structural collapse. The relatively minor destruction led to more optimism regarding the safety of living in the area. But it also lead to some optimism about the significance of earthquake prediction research. Both earthquakes had a long-term prediction and the second of the two earthquakes had a short- term warning about place, size and immediacy. In this presentation, I will describe the warnings that were given ahead of the earthquakes. Also, I will reconsider these warnings in light of new results from multi-national earthquake prediction research in Iceland. This modeling work explains several observable patterns caused by crustal process ahead of large earthquakes. Micro-seismic observations and modeling show that, in conditions prevailing in the Icelandic crust, fluids can be carried upward from the brittle-ductile boundary in response to strain, bringing high, near- lithostatic pore pressures into the brittle crust, preparing a region for the release of a large earthquake; monitoring this process will enable long- and short- term earthquakes warnings.
Stefansson, R.
Construction Engineering Research Laboratory
The Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) research facility is part of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (USAERDC) of the Army Corps of Engineers' research and development organization. CERL "conducts research and development in infrastructure and environmental sustainment." New technologies that the lab develops are used "to help military installations provide and maintain quality training lands and facilities for soldiers and their families." Some applications are also found in the private sector. The research is organized into numerous themes, including the study of enduring buildings, ecosystem management, land use planning, and seismic engineering. The website describes each of the themes and offers a link to its database of publications and products/capabilities. Visitors can also search the database by keyword. Another section of the website describes the portal software used to develop and maintain the website.
10 CFR Appendix S to Part 50 - Earthquake Engineering Criteria for Nuclear Power Plants
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Earthquake Engineering Criteria for Nuclear Power...App. S Appendix S to Part 50�Earthquake Engineering Criteria for Nuclear Power...issued before January 10, 1997, the earthquake engineering criteria in Section...
...2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Earthquake Engineering Criteria for Nuclear Power...App. S Appendix S to Part 50�Earthquake Engineering Criteria for Nuclear Power...issued before January 10, 1997, the earthquake engineering criteria in Section...
State-of-the-art of geotechnical earthquake engineering practice
Major developments in geotechnical earthquake engineering practice over the last 15 years are reviewed. The objectives of the review are to present a coherent view of the current state of practice at the highest level and to examine trends, which may shape practice in the future. Developments are described in the following areas: specification of design ground motions, dynamic response
W. D. L. Finn
Engineering Seismic Base Layer for Defining Design Earthquake Motion
Engineer's common sense that incident wave is common in a widespread area at the engineering seismic base layer is shown not to be correct. An exhibiting example is first shown, which indicates that earthquake motion at the ground surface evaluated by the analysis considering the ground from a seismic bedrock to a ground surface simultaneously (continuous analysis) is different from the one by the analysis in which the ground is separated at the engineering seismic base layer and analyzed separately (separate analysis). The reason is investigated by several approaches. Investigation based on eigen value problem indicates that the first predominant period in the continuous analysis cannot be found in the separate analysis, and predominant period at higher order does not match in the upper and lower ground in the separate analysis. The earthquake response analysis indicates that reflected wave at the engineering seismic base layer is not zero, which indicates that conventional engineering seismic base layer does not work as expected by the term 'base'. All these results indicate that wave that goes down to the deep depths after reflecting in the surface layer and again reflects at the seismic bedrock cannot be neglected in evaluating the response at the ground surface. In other words, interaction between the surface layer and/or layers between seismic bedrock and engineering seismic base layer cannot be neglected in evaluating the earthquake motion at the ground surface.
Yoshida, Nozomu [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku Gakuin University, Tagajo 1-13-1, Miyagi (Japan)
The January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake: Science and Engineering for Earthquake Resilience (Invited)
On January 12, 2010, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck the Port-au-Prince region of Haiti, killing more than 200,000 people and causing an estimated 8 billion in damages, �120% of the country's GDP. Science and engineering were key to answering pressing questions raised by governement authorities and international agencies in the days and weeks after the event. As Haiti starts its reconstruction, there is an opportunity for science and engineering to provide pragmatic guidelines to help build a sustainable culture of resilience to natural hazards. We will address the challenges and opportunities of integrating risk reduction into government policies, a goal that requires close interations with politicians, risk managers, economists, and social scientists. Communicating science to decision makers and the public, while accounting for the challenges of sustainable development, remains a challenge even in the wake of the human and economic tragedy of the January 12, 2010 earthquake in Haiti.
Calais, E.; Lerner-Lam, A.; Momplaisir, R.; Prepetit, C.
Southern California Earthquake Center--Virtual Display of Objects (SCEC-VDO): An Earthquake Research and Education Tool
Interns in the program Southern California Earthquake Center/Undergraduate Studies in Earthquake Information Technology (SCEC/UseIT, an NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates Site) have designed, engineered, and distributed SCEC-VDO (Virtual Display of Objects), an interactive software used by earthquake scientists and educators to integrate and visualize global and regional, georeferenced datasets. SCEC-VDO is written in Java/Java3D with an extensible, scalable architecture. An increasing number of SCEC-VDO datasets are obtained on the fly through web services and connections to remote databases; and user sessions may be saved in xml-encoded files. Currently users may display time-varying sequences of earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanisms, several 3-dimensional fault and rupture models, satellite imagery - optionally draped over digital elevation models - and cultural datasets including political boundaries. The ability to juxtapose and interactively explore these data and their temporal and spatial relationships has been particularly important to SCEC scientists who are evaluating fault and deformation models, or who must quickly evaluate the menace of evolving earthquake sequences. Additionally, SCEC-VDO users can annotate the display, plus script and render animated movies with adjustable compression levels. SCEC-VDO movies are excellent communication tools and have been featured in scientific presentations, classrooms, press conferences, and television reports.
Perry, S.; Maechling, P.; Jordan, T.
Earthquake science research with a microsatellite.
Reliable, repeatable earthquake forecast is a subject surrounded by controversy and scepticism. What is clear is that reliable forecast would be a critical tool for effective earthquake disaster management. It is proposed that satellites and ground-based facilities may detect earthquake precursors in the ionosphere a few hours or days before the main shock. A low-cost 100 kg class satellite carrying a topside sounder is proposed, to make systematic measurements over seismically active zones. The mission aims to confirm or refute the hypothesis of ionospheric earthquake precursors, define the reliability and reproducibility, and enable further scientific understanding of their mechanisms. PMID:12626251
Jason, Susan J; Pulinets, Sergey; da Silva Curiel, Alex; Liddle, Doug
Reduction of earthquake risk in the united states: Bridging the gap between research and practice
USGS Publications Warehouse
Continuing efforts under the auspices of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program are under way to improve earthquake risk assessment and risk management in earthquake-prone regions of Alaska, California, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho, the New Madrid and Wabash Valley seismic zones in the central United States, the southeastern and northeastern United States, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, and Hawaii. Geologists, geophysicists, seismologists, architects, engineers, urban planners, emergency managers, health care specialists, and policymakers are having to work at the margins of their disciplines to bridge the gap between research and practice and to provide a social, technical, administrative, political, legal, and economic basis for changing public policies and professional practices in communities where the earthquake risk is unacceptable. ?? 1998 IEEE.
Hays, W. W.
Concurrent engineering research center
The projects undertaken by The Concurrent Engineering Research Center (CERC) at West Virginia University are reported and summarized. CERC's participation in the Department of Defense's Defense Advanced Research Project relating to technology needed to improve the product development process is described, particularly in the area of advanced weapon systems. The efforts committed to improving collaboration among the diverse and distributed health care providers are reported, along with the research activities for NASA in Independent Software Verification and Validation. CERC also takes part in the electronic respirator certification initiated by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, as well as in the efforts to find a solution to the problem of producing environment-friendly end-products for product developers worldwide. The 3M Fiber Metal Matrix Composite Model Factory Program is discussed. CERC technologies, facilities,and personnel-related issues are described, along with its library and technical services and recent publications.
Callahan, John R.
K12 Education Program Lessons Learned at the Center for Earthquake Research and Information
The Center for Earthquake Research and Information at the University of Memphis has been committed to increasing awareness for Seismic Hazard, Earthquake Engineering, and Earth Science among Mid-America's policy-makers, engineers, emergency managers, the general public, and K-12 teachers and students for nearly three decades. During that time we have learned many lessons related to providing effective education and outreach programs, especially for K-12 students. The lessons learned from these activities may be particularly appropriate for other regions where large earthquakes occur infrequently but have disproportionately high consequence areas due to low attenuation of seismic waves. Effective education programs in these settings must provide a consistent message across many states to a wide variety of socio-economic groups and professional communities through the leveraged resources of various groups and agencies. It is also beneficial to hire and train staff with K-12 teaching experience to work directly K-12 education organizations, and science curriculum coordinators.
Patterson, G. L.; Dry, M.
Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering (TCLEE) Pipeline Failure Database (for Microcomputers).
The American Society of Civil Engineers, Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering was awarded a grant by the National Science Foundation (NSF BCS-9011325) to develop a computer-based database of pipeline damage and enter data collected from th...
The finite element method and earthquake engineering: The 2006 Benjamin Franklin Medal in civil engineering presented to Ray W. Clough
The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, PA awarded the 2006 Benjamin Franklin Medal in civil engineering to Ray W. Clough for revolutionizing engineering and scientific computation, and engineering design methods through his formulation and development of the finite element method, and for his innovative leadership in applying the method to the field of earthquake engineering with special emphasis on the seismic performance
Brian J. Sullivan
Multi-disciplinary Hazard Reduction from Earthquakes and Volcanoes in Indonesia - International Research Cooperation Program
Indonesian and Japanese researchers started a three-year (2009-2011) multi-disciplinary cooperative research project as a part of "Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development" supported by the Japanese government. The ultimate goal of this project is to reduce disaster from earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes by enhancing capability of forecasting hazards, reducing social vulnerability, and education and outreach activity of research outcomes. We plan to provide platform of collaboration among researchers in natural science, engineering and social sciences, as well as officials in national and local governments. Research activities are grouped into: (1) geological and geophysical surveys of past earthquakes, monitoring current crustal activity, and simulation of future ground motion or tsunamis, (2) short-term and long-term prediction of volcanic eruptions by monitoring Semeru, Guntur and other volcanoes, and development of their evaluation method, (3) studies to establish social infrastructure based on engineering technologies and hazard maps, (4) social, cultural and religious studies to reduce vulnerability of local communities, and (5) studies on education and outreach on disaster reduction and restoration of community. In addition, to coordinate these research activities and to utilize the research results, (6) application of the research and establishment of collaboration mechanism between researchers and the government officials is planned. In addition to mutual visits and collaborative field studies, it is planned to hold annual joint seminars (in Indonesia in 2009 and 2011, in Japan in 2010) that will be broadcasted through internet. Meetings with Joint Coordinating Committee, composed of representatives of relevant Indonesian ministries and institutions as well as project members, will be held annually to oversee the activities. The kick-off workshop was held in Bandung in April 2009 and the research plans from 22 different themes were explained and panel discussion was conducted. Then, the project officially started in June 2009. The first plenary workshop was held in October 11-14 in Aceh, Indonesia, at the occasion of Indian Ocean-wide tsunami evacuation drill of IOC (Inter-governmental Oceanographic Commission). Considering that disastrous earthquakes occurred on 2nd September 2009 (Mw7.0) in the south of Java and on 30th September 2009 (Mw7.5) nearby Padang, central Sumatra, special reports for these earthquakes were presented. In particular, the latter earthquake that devastated the city of Padang was of great interest because its epicenter is located in a seismic gap called "Mentawai gap" where a large interplate earthquake is expected to occur in the near future. Research teams from our project were urgently deployed to the area for investigating disasters due to the September 2009 earthquake and trying to find effective countermeasures to the coming larger event.
Kato, Teruyuki
Accessibility of geotechnical earthquake Engineering data and the need for data storage and dissemination standards
Ease of data access and data standards are two issues critical to the success of GIS technology when applied to earthquake hazards research problems that require geotechnical engineering and related data. Efforts to reduce data accession costs and to streamline the data exchange process will result in short-term cost and time saving and will add long-term value to the data sets themselves. Such efforts might include centralized data centers, standardized data base designs and formats, cooperative efforts to fill data gaps, and standardized distribution methods and media.
Tarr, Arthur, C.
Empirically Driven Software Engineering Research
Software engineering is a design discipline. As such, its engineering methods are based on cognitive instead of physical laws, and their effectiveness depends highly on context. Empirical methods can be used to observe the effects of software engineering methods in vivo and in vitro, to identify improvement potentials, and to validate new research results. This paper summarizes both the current body of knowledge and further challenges wrt. empirical methods in software engineering as well as empirically derived evidence regarding software typical engineering methods. Finally, future challenges wrt. education, research, and technology transfer will be outlined.
Rombach, Dieter
Innovation in earthquake and natural hazards research: determining soil liquefaction potential
This case study analyzes how an innovation in earthquake and natural hazards research was used for practical and policy purposes, why utilization occurred, and what potential policy implications can be drawn. The innovation was the dynamic analysis method, used to identify those soils that are likely to liquefy during earthquakes. The research was designed and undertaken by H. Bolton Seed at the University of California at Berkeley during the 1960s. The research was a major breakthrough in engineering research: liquefaction had never before been reproduced in a laboratory. The work yielded quantitative information about the conditions under which liquefaction occurs. These data were then used to develop procedures for predicting liquefaction; eventually the need to test soil samples in the laboratory was eliminated.
Moore, G.B.; Yin, R.K.
This outline of basic information on earthquakes starts with an explanation of an earthquake, including the forces acting on rock, (tension, compression, and shear) and plastic and elastic deformation of rock. Next, the principle of the seismograph, seismometer, and seismogram along with the three types of seismic waves are discussed. Information is then presented to help the student distinguish between the focus and epicenter of an earthquake, describe the world-wide distribution pattern of earthquake activity, and explain the earthquake magnitude (Richter) scale and the Modified Mercalli scale of earthquake intensity. This site also includes an explanation of how the epicenter of an earthquake can be located. There is a discussion of some past earthquakes along with a description of the effects of earthquake activity.
Gore, Pamela
Students will participate in a virtual earthquake lab where they will locate an epicenter and measure Richter Scale magnitude. They will also plot the positions of earthquakes that occurred that day. 1) Go to Virtual Earthquake website and follow instructions to complete the online lab assignment. 2) Go to the USGS earthquake site. Take a few minutes to explore the earthquakes displayed on the world map. Click on \\"M2.5/4+ Earthquake List\\". Use the world map provided by your teacher to plot the locations ...
Hemedinger, Mrs.
Researches on Application of GPS to Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction
The earliest researches on application of GPS to earthquake monitoring and prediction in China began in 1980s, and it was limited to learn some relative technology from other countries and do some test with a few of equipments. As the improvement of software for data processing and the depreciating of hardware, several local GPS network had been gradually set up
Wanju BO; Liangqian GUO; Guohua YANG; Xuesong DU
... for Pet Owners Frequently Asked Questions Additional Information Tornadoes Preparing for a Tornado (Part 1 of 2) ... Severe Weather Earthquakes Extreme Heat Floods Hurricanes Landslides Tornadoes Tsunamis Volcanoes Wildfires Winter Weather Earthquakes Language: English ...
Rotary engine research
A development history is presented for NASA's 1983-1991 Rotary Engine Enablement Program, emphasizing the CFD approaches to various problems that were instituted from 1987 to the end of the program. In phase I, a test rig was built to intensively clarify and characterize the stratified-charge rotary engine concept. In phase II, a high pressure, electronically controlled fuel injection system was tested. In phase III, the testing of improved fuel injectors led to the achievement of the stipulated 5 hp/cu inch specific power goal. CFD-aided design of advanced rotor-pocket shapes led to additional performance improvements.
In this lesson, students explore the causes of earthquakes and their impact on the geology of an area and on human societies. They begin by looking at the role tectonic plates play in creating the forces that cause earthquakes, to help them understand why earthquakes occur when and where they do. Hands-on activities illustrate how rocks can withstand a certain amount of stress, but that every material has its breaking point. When rocks break underground, an earthquake occurs. In the last section, students explore the impact earthquakes have on humans and look at the efforts scientists are making to better understand and predict these sometimes deadly events.
Research, Development, and Engineering Metrics
We seek to understand how the use of Research, Development, and Engineering (R,D&E) metrics can lead to more effective management of R,D&E. This paper combines qualitative and quantitative research to understand and improve the use of R,D&E metrics. Our research begins with interviews of 43 representative Chief Technical Officers, Chief Executive Offices, and researchers at 10 research-intensive international organizations. These
John R. Hauser
Engineering Research Centers
The ERC?s precollege outreach program should build upon precollege outreach programs of the participating universities but the resulting effort must be focused by the research topic of the proposed ERC. The precollege outreach programs are largely supported by base NSF support and should include a tracking and assessment component. The proposing ERC should be prepared to support its own Research Experiences for Teachers program, modeled after the NSF/ENG Research Experiences for Teachers (...
Ambient noise as the new source for urban engineering seismology and earthquake engineering: a case study from Beijing metropolitan area
In highly populated urban centers, traditional seismic survey sources can no longer be properly applied due to restrictions in modern civilian life styles. The ambient vibration noise, including both microseisms and microtremor, though are generally weak but available anywhere and anytime, can be an ideal supplementary source for conducting seismic surveys for engineering seismology and earthquake engineering. This is fundamentally supported by advanced digital signal processing techniques for effectively extracting the useful information out from the noise. Thus, it can be essentially regarded as a passive seismic method. In this paper we first make a brief survey of the ambient vibration noise, followed by a quick summary of digital signal processing for passive seismic surveys. Then the applications of ambient noise in engineering seismology and earthquake engineering for urban settings are illustrated with examples from Beijing metropolitan area. For engineering seismology the example is the assessment of site effect in a large area via microtremor observations. For earthquake engineering the example is for structural characterization of a typical reinforced concrete high-rise building using background vibration noise. By showing these examples we argue that the ambient noise can be treated as a new source that is economical, practical, and particularly valuable to engineering seismology and earthquake engineering projects for seismic hazard mitigation in urban areas.
Liu, Lanbo; Chen, Qi-fu; Wang, Weijun; Rohrbach, Eric
Science and Engineering Research Facilities: 2001
... Scientific and Engineering Research Facilities 2001 Detailed Statistical Tables Hypertext Format ... Facilities: 2001 Portable Document Format (.pdf) Scientific and Engineering Research Facilities ...
Scientific and Engineering Research Facilities: 1999
... Scientific and Engineering Research Facilities: 1999 Detailed Statistical Tables Hypertext Format ... 1999 Portable Document Format (.pdf) Scientific and Engineering Research Facilities: 1999 This ...
Earthquakes Canada
This is the earthquake information page of the Natural Resources Canada Geologic Survey. It contains links to reports, maps, and lists of recent earthquakes, information and hazards as well as earthquake research and network and data archives. Links also connect to information on earthquake hazards, products and publications, a site to report earthquakes, and a link to other earthquake resources.
Pedagogical Training and Research in Engineering Education
Ferment in engineering has focused increased attention on undergraduate engineering education, and has clarified the need for rigorous research in engineering education. This need has spawned the new research field of Engineering Education and greatly increased interest in earning Ph.D. degrees based on rigorous engineering education research.�
Wankat, Phillip C.
Eleventh regional seminar on earthquake engineering, granada, september 1984.
Some of the problems of combining macroseismic (descriptive) and instrumental information on modern and historical earthquakes are discussed, together with the relationships that have evolved between these two fields of study. The paper emphasises the dangers of transferring macroseismic information straight into computer databanks, without taking full account of the levels of confidence attached to the information and its suitability for earthquake risk analysis. PMID:20958603
Vogt, J; Davagnier, M; Jimenez, E
Characteristics and geo-engineering aspects of the 2003 Bing�l (Turkey) earthquake
An earthquake (Mw=6.4) occurred on May 1, 2003 in Bing�l province of the East Anadolu Region of Turkey. It was characterized by a shallow focal depth, an intense and prolonged aftershock activity and serious ground effects. This study presents main characteristics and geo-engineering evaluation of the earthquake based on site observations, strong ground motion records and geotechnical data. Although the
Resat Ulusay; �mer Aydan
Earthquake research for the safer siting of critical facilities
The task of providing the necessities for living, such as adequate electrical power, water, and fuel, is becoming more complicated with time. Some of the facilities that provide these necessities would present potential hazards to the population if serious damage were to occur to them during earthquakes. Other facilities must remain operable immediately after an earthquake to provide life-support services to people who have been affected. The purpose of this report is to recommend research that will improve the information available to those who must decide where to site these critical facilities, and thereby mitigate the effects of the earthquake hazard. The term critical facility is used in this report to describe facilities that could seriously affect the public well-being through loss of life, large financial loss, or degradation of the environment if they were to fail. The term critical facility also is used to refer to facilities that, although they pose a limited hazard to the public, are considered critical because they must continue to function in the event of a disaster so that they can provide vital services.
Cluff, J.L. (ed.)
Examines the types of damage experienced by California State University at Northridge during the 1994 earthquake and what lessons were learned in handling this emergency are discussed. The problem of loose asbestos is addressed. (GR)
Hernandez, Hildo
... earthquake is the sudden, rapid shaking of the earth, caused by the breaking and shifting of subterranean ... the forces of plate tectonics have shaped the earth, as the huge plates that form the earth�s ...
One of the most frightening and destructive phenomena of nature is a severe earthquake and its terrible aftereffects. An earthquake is a sudden movement of the Earth, caused by the abrupt release of strain that has accumulated over a long time. For hundreds of millions of years, the forces of plate tectonics have shaped the Earth as the huge plates that form the Earth's surface slowly move over, under, and past each other. Sometimes the movement is gradual. At other times, the plates are locked together, unable to release the accumulating energy. When the accumulated energy grows strong enough, the plates break free. If the earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause many deaths and injuries and extensive property damage. Today we are challenging the assumption that earthquakes must present an uncontrollable and unpredictable hazard to life and property. Scientists have begun to estimate the locations and likelihoods of future damaging earthquakes. Sites of greatest hazard are being identified, and definite progress is being made in designing structures that will withstand the effects of earthquakes.
Shedlock, Kaye M.; Pakiser, Louis Charles
MIT Space Engineering Research Center
The Space Engineering Research Center (SERC) at MIT, started in Jul. 1988, has completed two years of research. The Center is approaching the operational phase of its first testbed, is midway through the construction of a second testbed, and is in the design phase of a third. We presently have seven participating faculty, four participating staff members, ten graduate students, and numerous undergraduates. This report reviews the testbed programs, individual graduate research, other SERC activities not funded by the Center, interaction with non-MIT organizations, and SERC milestones. Published papers made possible by SERC funding are included at the end of the report.
Crawley, Edward F.; Miller, David W.
WEGENER: World Earthquake GEodesy Network for Environmental Hazard Research
WEGENER is originally the acronym for Working Group of European Geoscientists for the Establishment of Networks for Earth-science Research. It was founded in March 1981 in response to an appeal delivered at the Journ�es Luxembourgeoises de Geodynamique in December 1980 to respond with a coordinated European proposal to a NASA Announcement of Opportunity inviting participation in the Crustal Dynamics and Earthquake Research Program. WEGENER, during the past 32 years, has always kept a close contact with the Agencies and Institutions responsible for the development and maintenance of the global space geodetic networks with the aim to make them aware of the scientific needs and outcomes of the project which might have an influence on the general science policy trends. WEGENER was serving as Inter-commission Project 3.2, between Commission 1 and Commission 3, of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) until 2012. Since then, WEGENER project has became the Sub-commission 3.5 of IAG commission 3, namely Tectonics and Earthquake Geodesy. In this study, we briefly review the accomplishments of WEGENER as originally conceived and outline and justify the new focus of the WEGENER consortium. The remarkable and rapid evolution of the present state of global geodetic monitoring in regard to the precision of positioning capabilities (and hence deformation) and global coverage, the development of InSAR for monitoring strain with unprecedented spatial resolution, and continuing and planned data from highly precise satellite gravity and altimetry missions, encourage us to shift principal attention from mainly monitoring capabilities by a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic techniques to applying existing observational methodologies to the critical geophysical phenomena that threaten our planet and society. Our new focus includes developing an improved physical basis to mitigate earthquake, tsunami, and volcanic risks, and the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate change (sea level, ice degradation). In addition, expanded applications of space geodesy to atmospheric studies will remain a major focus with emphasis on ionospheric and tropospheric monitoring to support forecasting extreme events. Towards these ends, we will encourage and foster interdisciplinary, integrated initiatives to develop a range of case studies for these critical problems. Geological studies are needed to extend geodetic deformation studies to geologic time scales, and new modeling approaches will facilitate full exploitation of expanding geodetic databases. In light of this new focus, the WEGENER acronym now represents, "World Earthquake GEodesy Network for Environmental Hazard Research".
Ozener, Haluk; Zerbini, Susanna; Bastos, Luisa; Becker, Matthias; Meghraoui, Mustapha; Reilinger, Robert
This is an online lesson that can be transferred into a classroom instructional activity by the teacher. This lesson simplifies the concepts while pushing the the higher order thinking concepts with scaffolding all concepts of the layers of the earth, plate tectonics, P and S waves, creating a model of an earthquake. Students enjoy this lesson and have been able to improve on assessment after completing the Earthquake lesson. Teachers will enjoy the online printable worksheets that correlate to the lesson/data sheets and the variety of choices while using the interactive tool for whole group instruction. There are many choices for formative assessment as well as summamtive assessment.
U.S. Geological Survey Joy Lopez, M.A., teacher Scott Hassler, Ph.D. Geologist
The Role of Science and Engineering in Response and Reconstruction Following the 2010 Haiti Earthquake (Invited)
The 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake (M7) provoked a strong interest in assistance, from people worldwide. Scientists and engineers offered their assistance in many forms, including the inspection of buildings and infrastructure to determine their safety for occupancy, and the monitoring of aftershock activity to better locate the causal fault and improve hazard analysis. Disaster specialists usually refer to four
W. D. Pennington
Advances in research on earthquake fluids hydrogeology in China: a review
Monitoring of subsurface fluid (underground fluid) is an important part of efforts for earthquake prediction in China. The nationwide network, which monitors groundwater level, water temperature, and radon and mercury in groundwater, has been constructed in the last decades. Large amounts of abnormal fluid changes before and after major earthquakes have been recorded, providing precious data for research in earthquake sciences. Many studies have been done in earthquake fluid hydrogeology in order to probe the nature of the earthquake. Much progress in earthquake fluid hydrogeology has been made in the last decades. The paper provides a review of the advances in research on earthquake fluid hydrogeology over the last 40 years in China. It deals with the following five aspects: (1) an introduction to the development history of monitoring networks construction; (2) cases of different subsurface fluid changes recorded before some major earthquakes which occurred in the last decades; (3) characteristics of subsurface fluid changes following major earthquakes; (4) mechanism of subsurface fluid changes before and following earthquakes; (5) application of earthquake fluids in the hydrogeology field.
Shi, Zheming; Wang, Guangcai; Liu, Chenglong
Innovations in earthquake and natural hazards research: determining soil liquefaction potential. Case study No. 5
This case study analyzes how an innovation in earthquake and natural hazards research was used for practical and policy purposes, why utilization occurred, and what potential policy implications can be drawn. The innovation was the dynamic analysis method, used to identify those soils that are likely to liquefy during earthquakes. The research was designed and undertaken by H. Bolton Seed at the University of California at Berkeley during the 1960s. The research was a major breakthrough in engineering research: liquefaction had never before been reproduced in a laboratory. The work yielded quantitative information about the conditions under which liquefaction occurs. These data were then used to develop procedures for predicting liquefaction; eventually the need to test soil samples in the laboratory was eliminated. The case study concluded that the interactions of Seed with a continuously active network of knowledge producers and users adequately explains the use of the dynamic analysis method. Future policies likely to favor utilization are those deriving from both a problem solving and a social interaction perspective.
I HAVE observed, in several recent numbers of NATURE, various notices of earthquakes, so frequent as to suggest the idea to me (perhaps incorrect) that for several months past they have been more numerous than usual. Since my arrival in West Java I have experienced several severe shocks. On March 28, between 7 and 8 P.M., I was startled by
Henry O. Forbes
The DONET: A real-time seafloor research infrastructure for the precise earthquake and tsunami monitoring
A project of submarine cabled seafloor observatory network development has been carried out in Japan since 2006. This research has aimed to establish the technology of a large scale real-time seafloor research infrastructure development for earthquake, geodetic and tsunami observation. The project scheduled to install 20 sets of cabled earthquake and tsunami observatory to an active seismogenic zone with mega-thrust
Katsuyoshi KAWAGUCHI; Yoshiyuki KANEDA; E. Araki
Research into the engineering application of reverse engineering technology
Based on previous research on reverse engineering (RE) technology, the engineering application of RE is explored in this paper. The application environment of RE is built with coordinate measurement machine (CMM) and CAD\\/CAM software. Taking a core die of the inlet of a diesel engine as an example, this paper describes the processes of RE, from object digitization, CAD model
Yu Zhang
Research in Engineering Education: An Overview.
Presented is a literature review of research in engineering education. The major national studies of the twentieth centry are reviewed. The focus of current research is examined. Present research into four areas (students, faculty, curriculum and instruction, and systems) is classified. The importance of engineering educators utilizing research is�
LeBold, William K.
Ethical Questions In Biomedical Engineering Research
Research in biomedical engineering is essential f or future development of medical technology. However, biomedical research h as recently faced public s crutiny. Biomedical engineers should be aware of important ethical issues r elated t o bioengineering r esearch such as animal research, clinical trials, confidentiality, consent form, conflict of interest, and research fraud. Implications of these topics on biomedical
Subrata Saha
Flicker-noise Spectroscopy In Earthquake Prediction Research
It has been found out that a two-component model including a seasonal and a flicker- noise components occurs to be a more adequate model of statistical structure of time series of long-term geophysical observations' data. Unlike a white noise which sig- nifies absence of any relation between the system's current dynamics and past events in it, presence of flicker-noise indicates that such a relation in the system does ex- ist. Flicker-noise pertains a property of scale invariance. It seems natural to relate self-similarity of statistical properties of geophysical parameters' variations on dif- ferent scales to self-similar (fractal) properties of geophysical medium. At the same time self-similar time variations of geophysical parameters may indicate to presence of deterministic chaos in geophysical system's evolution. An important element of a proposed approach is application of stochastic models of preparation of each concrete large seismic event. Instead of regular, for example bay-form precursor variations, occurrence of precursors of another kind associated in particular with variation in parameter fluctuations should be expected. To solve a problem of large earthquakes prediction we use Flicker-Noise Spectroscopy (FNS) as a basis of a new approach proposed by us. The basis of the FNS methodology is a postulate about the impor- tant information significance of sequences of various dynamic irregularities (bursts or spikes, jumps with different characteristic values, discontinuities of derivatives) of the measured temporal, spatial and energetic variables on each level of hierarchical orga- nization of studied systems. A proposed new method using integral values of analyzed signals - power spectra and different moments ("structural functions") of a different order as information relations, has demonstrated principally new opportunities in a search of large earthquake precursors already at a preliminary stage of some data analysis. This research was supported by NATO - Russia Collaborative Linkage Grant (RCLG) number 978210 within the frameworks of NATO - Russia Joint Scientific and Technological Cooperation.
Desherevsky, A. V.; Lukk, A. A.; Sidorin, A. Y.; Timashev, S. F.
Published Research on Engineering Work
Understanding the nature of engineering work is a pre-requisite for improvement. We define engineering work as the planning, analysis, design, organization, administration and the final production or maintenance work that results in useful products, solutions and services. Engineering literature mostly focuses on the 'objects' and techniques that interest engineers: there are only a few accounts of the people that do
Sabbia Tilli; James Trevelyan
FY06 Engineering Research and Technology Report.
This report summarizes the core research, development, and technology accomplishments in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Engineering Directorate for FY2006. These efforts exemplify Engineering's more than 50-year history of developing and applyin...
A. T. Anderson C. Minichino C. G. Brown C. V. Bennett S. W. Alves W. D. Brown
On January 25, 1 week after the most devastating earthquake in Los Angeles history, the Southern California Hospital Council released the following status report: 928 patients evacuated from damaged hospitals. 805 beds available (136 critical, 669 noncritical). 7,757 patients treated/released from EDs. 1,496 patients treated/admitted to hospitals. 61 dead. 9,309 casualties. Where do we go from here? We are still waiting for the "big one." We'll do our best to be ready when Mother Nature shakes, rattles and rolls. The efforts of Los Angeles City Fire Chief Donald O. Manning cannot be overstated. He maintained department command of this major disaster and is directly responsible for implementing the fire department's Disaster Preparedness Division in 1987. Through the chief's leadership and ability to forecast consequences, the city of Los Angeles was better prepared than ever to cope with this horrendous earthquake. We also pay tribute to the men and women who are out there each day, where "the rubber meets the road." PMID:10133439
Cowen, A R; Denney, J P
Mechanical Engineering Department engineering research: Annual report, FY 1986
This report provides information on the five areas of research interest in LLNL's Mechanical Engineering Department. In Computer Code Development, a solid geometric modeling program is described. In Dynamic Systems and Control, structure control and structure dynamics are discussed. Fabrication technology involves machine cutting, interferometry, and automated optical component manufacturing. Materials engineering reports on composite material research and measurement of
R. M. Denney; K. L. Essary; M. S. Genin; H. H. Highstone; J. D. Hymer; S. O. Taft
Earthquakes: Risk, Detection, Warning, and Research. Updated January 14, 2010.
The 1994 Northridge (CA) earthquake caused as much as $26 billion (in 2005 dollars) in damage and was one of the costliest natural disasters to strike the United States. The Federal Emergency Management Agency has estimated that earthquakes cost the Unite...
FY07 Engineering Research and Technology Report
This report summarizes the core research, development, and technology accomplishments in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Engineering Directorate for FY2007. These efforts exemplify Engineering's more than 50-year history of developing and applying the technologies needed to support the Laboratory's national security missions. A partner in every major program and project at the Laboratory throughout its existence, Engineering has prepared for this
FY08 Engineering Research and Technology Report
This report summarizes the core research, development, and technology accomplishments in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Engineering Directorate for FY2008. These efforts exemplify Engineering's more than 50-year history of developing and applying the technologies needed to support the Laboratory's national security missions. A partner in every major program and project at the Laboratory throughout its existence, Engineering has prepared for this
C Minichino; D McNichols
Engineering Research in Irish Economic Development
This article summarizes the main findings and recommendations of a report published in December 2010 by the Irish Academy of Engineering (IAE). The report, representing the views of a committee of distinguished Irish engineers from a wide range of disciplines, addresses the role of engineering research in Ireland's economic development and the�
Kelly, John
Earthquake research: Premonitory models and the physics of crustal distortion
Seismic, gravity, and electrical resistivity data, believed to be most relevent to development of earthquake premonitory models of the crust, are presented. Magnetotellurics (MT) are discussed. Radon investigations are reviewed.
Whitcomb, J. H.
Educational Outreach Strategy Involves Students in Earthquake Hazard Research
This article describes how students in Alaska are helping scientists study earthquake hazards by conducting global positioning system (GPS) measurements in order to track crustal movements in the Earth's crust. It points out the importance for Alaskan inhabitants of understanding the hazards and physical processes associated with earthquakes, describes how the students located and installed a network of GPS receivers, and how repeated measurements enable scientists to estimate the accumulation of strain and thus the potential for seismic activity in the region.
Research Trends with Cross Tabulation Search Engine
To help researchers in building a knowledge foundation of their research fields which could be a time-consuming process, the authors have developed a Cross Tabulation Search Engine (CTSE). Its purpose is to assist researchers in 1) conducting research surveys, 2) efficiently and effectively retrieving information (such as important researchers,�
Yin, Chengjiu; Hirokawa, Sachio; Yau, Jane Yin-Kim; Hashimoto, Kiyota; Tabata, Yoshiyuki; Nakatoh, Tetsuya
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funds research and training in the UK in engineering and the physical sciences. Viewing public engagement as important for stimulating interest in research, inspiring future generations of researchers and, "helping the research base evolve in tune with the changing needs of a more informed society," the EPSRC also promotes public awareness of science and engineering, providing a good deal of resources and links online. Research reports and briefs from some of the collaborating institutions' work on a wide range of research projects in engineering, the physical sciences and mathematics are all available in the Publications section. Other sections describe activities for young people and teachers, and research opportunities for graduate students.
Evaluation of the Engineering Research Centers.
The report proposes criteria and mechanisms for use by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in evaluating the Engineering Research Centers (ERCs) after their third year of operation. The seven categories of criteria are: research, education, industry int...
78 FR 48659 - Board on Coastal Engineering Research
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...Corps of Engineers Board on Coastal Engineering Research AGENCY: Department of the...Name of Committee: Board on Coastal Engineering Research. Date of Meeting: September...availability of space, the Board on Coastal Engineering Research meeting is open to the...
Engineering Research Centers: A Partnership for Competitiveness.
This publication consists of colorful data sheets on the National Science Foundation's Engineering Research Centers (ERC) Program, a program designed to strengthen the competitiveness of U.S. industries by bringing new approaches and goals to academic engineering research and education. The main elements of the ERC mission are cross-disciplinary�
National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA.
Engineering and Applied Science, Recent Research Reports.
This collection contains abstracts of technical reports and journal articles resulting from research funded by the National Science Foundation. Included in the collection are abstracts arranged in several categories: (1) electrical, computer, and systems engineering; (2) civil and mechanical engineering; (3) applied research; (4) problem-focused�
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Directorate of Engineering and Applied Science.
Introducing Students to Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
The European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) is one of the world's main laboratories for seismic studies. Besides its research activities, it also aims to bring applied science closer to the public. This article describes teaching activities based on a demonstration shaking table which is used to introduce the structural dynamics of�
Anthoine, Armelle; Marazzi, Francesco; Tirelli, Daniel
Spreadsheet Engineering: A Research Framework
ABSTRACT Spreadsheetengi neering adapts the lessons ofsof tware engineering tospreadsheet s, providing eight principles as a framework for organizing spreadsheetprogrammi,ng recommendations. Spreadsheets raise issues inadequately addressed by software engineering. Spreadsheets are a powerfulmodel ing language, allowing strategic rapid modelchange, and enabling exploratory modeling. Spreadsheets users learn slowlyw ithexperi ence because they focus on the problem domain notprogrammi,ng. The heterogeneityof spreadsheet
Thomas A. Grossman
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab (CRREL)
The mission of the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab (CRREL), a facility of the US Army Corps of Engineers, is to "gain knowledge of the cold regions [32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius] through scientific and engineering research -- and put that knowledge to work for the Corps of Engineers, the Army, the Department of Defense, and the nation." Research of these cold regions is largely centered in the earth sciences including atmospheric and ocean sciences along with the basic physical sciences. Examples of research that CRREL has conducted for the National Science Foundation (NSF) or NSF-funded university partners in the Antarctic are Field Studies and Modeling of the Breakup of Antarctic Sea Ice, Theoretical Modeling of Seismic Noise Propagation at the South Pole, and Near-Surface Processes Affecting Gas Exchange: West Antarctic Ice Sheet, among others. Sections included at the site are About CRREL, Research & Engineering, Technical Information, Technology Transfer, and links to related sites.
NASA Propulsion Engineering Research Center, volume 2
On 8-9 Sep. 1993, the Propulsion Engineering Research Center (PERC) at The Pennsylvania State University held its Fifth Annual Symposium. PERC was initiated in 1988 by a grant from the NASA Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology as a part of the University Space Engineering Research Center (USERC) program; the purpose of the USERC program is to replenish and enhance the capabilities of the Nation's engineering community to meet its future space technology needs. The Centers are designed to advance the state-of-the-art in key space-related engineering disciplines and to promote and support engineering education for the next generation of engineers for the national space program and related commercial space endeavors. Research on the following areas was initiated: liquid, solid, and hybrid chemical propulsion, nuclear propulsion, electrical propulsion, and advanced propulsion concepts.
Not Available
Stirling laboratory research engine survey report
As one step in expanding the knowledge relative to and accelerating the development of Stirling engines, NASA, through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), is sponsoring a program which will lead to a versatile Stirling Laboratory Research Engine (SLRE). An objective of this program is to lay the groundwork for a commercial version of this engine. It is important to consider, at an early stage in the engine's development, the needs of the potential users so that the SLRE can support the requirements of educators and researchers in academic, industrial, and government laboratories. For this reason, a survey was performed, the results of which are described.
Anderson, J. W.; Hoehn, F. W.
Summaries of FY 1994 engineering research
This report documents the Basic Energy Sciences Engineering Research Program for fiscal year 1994; it provides a summary of each of the program projects in addition to a brief program overview. The report is intended to provide staff of Congressional committees, other executive departments, and other DOE offices with substantive program information so as to facilitate governmental overview and coordination of Federal research programs. Of equal importance, its availability facilitates communication of program information to interested research engineers and scientists.
Preliminary Report on the Geotechnical Engineering Aspects of the June 15 and June 21, 1999, Mexican Earthquakes of the Churches
On June 15, 1999, an earthquake registering seven on the Richter scale shocked Central Mexico -- to be followed less than a week later by a quake of 6.3. The "Preliminary Report on the Geotechnical Engineering Aspects of the June 15 and June 21 1999 Mexican Earthquakes of the Churches" summarizes earthquake reconnaissance efforts conducted by students and faculty from the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) and the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The report (html and .pdf) focusses on seismic geotechnical considerations and the effects that quakes of this magnitude have had on the outlying cities and their structures. This substantive report is beautifully enhanced with charts, photographs, and maps.
Bray, J. D.; Mayoral, J. M.; Mendoza, M. J.; Moss, R. E.; Pestana, J. M.; Romo, M. P.
Assessing and Managing Earthquake Risk: Geo-scientific and Engineering Knowledge for Earthquake Risk Mitigation: developments, tools, techniques
This book points out the need of a multidisciplinary approach in the field of risk assessment and management. It provides an overview of the problems, approaches and common practices directly related to earthquake risk mitigation and, in particular, to the preparation of earthquake emergency plans. Written by a team of specialists from different disciplines, the authors worked together extensively in
Carlos Sousa Oliveira; Antoni Roca; Xavier Goula
Graduate engineering research participation in aeronautics
The Aeronautics Graduate Research Program commenced in 1971, with the primary goal of engaging students who qualified for regular admission to the Graduate School of Engineering at Old Dominion University in a graduate engineering research and study program in collaboration with NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia. The format and purposes of this program are discussed. Student selection and program statistics are summarized. Abstracts are presented in the folowing areas: aircraft design, aerodynamics, lift/drag characteristics; avionics; fluid mechanics; solid mechanics; instrumentation and measurement techniques; thermophysical properties experiments; large space structures; earth orbital dynamics; and environmental engineering.
Roberts, A. S., Jr.
The NASA hypersonic research engine program
An overview is provided of the NASA Hypersonic Research Engine Program. The engine concept is described which was evolved, and the accomplishments of the program are summarized. The program was undertaken as an in-depth program of hypersonic airbreathing propulsion research to provide essential inputs to future prototype engine development and decision making. An airbreathing liquid hydrogen fueled research oriented scramjet was to be developed to certain performance goals. The work was many faceted, required aerodynamic design evaluation, structures development, and development of flight systems such as the fuel and control system, but the main objective was the study of the internal aerothermodynamics of the propulsion system.
Rubert, Kennedy F.; Lopez, Henry J.
The Research of Hydrogeological Precursors of Earthquakes in Armenia
The observations of hydro-geological regime of underground waters in observed boreholes began in Armenia in 1986. Now observations are being carried out by National Seismic Service. For a long time observations were done by studying several parameters (debit, temperature, chemical and gas composition) in several deposits of carbon mineral waters of Armenia. The interpretation of materials shows that a number of strong and medium-strength earthquakes are accompanied by anomalous changes of underground water level. Regarding mineral waters, in connection with earthquakes some parameters are immediately changed: debit, temperature, chemical and gas composition. The study of hydrogeodynamic characteristics of precursors specify that the quantity of registered hydrogeodynamic precursors decreases with the increase of epicentral distance. The majority of precursors are registered up to the 200 km from epicenter. There is a tendency of gradual increase of time and amplitude of a precursor of an earthquake depending on the rise of magnitude and epicentral distance. The behaviour of hydrogeodynamic precursors depends on the angle between the faults that this or that borehole reaches; by the increase of this angle the deformation of the zone of the fault during the preparation of earthquakes is stronger, than in case of small angles.
Hakhverdyan, L.; Pashayan, R.
75 FR 62113 - Board on Coastal Engineering Research
...Corps of Engineers Board on Coastal Engineering Research AGENCY: Department of the...Name of Committee: Board on Coastal Engineering Research. Date of Meeting: October...consonance with the needs of the coastal engineering field and the objectives of the...
77 FR 3240 - Board on Coastal Engineering Research
...Corps of Engineers Board on Coastal Engineering Research AGENCY: Department of the...Name of Committee: Board on Coastal Engineering Research. DATES: Date of Meeting...consonance with the needs of the coastal engineering field and the objectives of the...
77 FR 52701 - Board on Coastal Engineering Research
...Corps of Engineers Board on Coastal Engineering Research AGENCY: Department of the...Name of Committee: Board on Coastal Engineering Research. Date of Meeting: September...consonance with the needs of the coastal engineering field and the objectives of the...
Research of Hydro-Geological Precursors of Earthquakes in Armenia
The observations of hydro-geological regime of underground waters in observed boreholes began in Armenia in 1986. Now these work is concentrated in National Seismic Service. For a long time observations are carried out studying several parameters (debit, temperature, chemical and gas composition) in several deposits of carbon mineral waters of Armenia. The interpretation of materials shows that that a number of strong and medium-strength earthquakes are accompanied by anomal changes in the level of underground waters. Regarding mineral waters, in connection with earthquakes some parameters are immediately changed: debit, temperature, chemical and gas composition. The study of hydrogeodynamic characteristics of precursors specify that the quantity of registered hydrogeodynamic precursors decreases with the increase of epicentrical distance. The majority of precursors is registered at the distance of 200 km from epicenter. There is a tendency of gradual increase of time and amplitude of a precursor of an earthquake depending on the rise of magnitude and epicentral distance. The behaviour of hydrogeodynamic precursors depends on the angle between the faults, to which this or that borehole reaches; with increase of this angle the deformation in the zone of the fault during the preparation of earthquakes is stronger, than in terms of small angles. 1. S1 2. Earthquake processes, Precursors and Forecasts 3. Garni Geophysical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 375019, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia, email: email@example.com 4. O 5. 10808801 6. Artavazd Payment Type: select 'Purchase Order' PO Number: AGU WAIVER Billing Address: Enter Your Institution City: Enter Your City Country Code: Enter Your Country Name: Enter Your Name Phone: Enter Your Telephone Number
Pashayan, R.
Chapter D. The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Earth Structures and Engineering Characterization of Ground Motion
This chapter contains two papers that summarize the performance of engineered earth structures, dams and stabilized excavations in soil, and two papers that characterize for engineering purposes the attenuation of ground motion with distance during the Loma Prieta earthquake. Documenting the field performance of engineered structures and confirming empirically based predictions of ground motion are critical for safe and cost effective seismic design of future structures as well as the retrofitting of existing ones.
Edited by Holzer, Thomas L.
NASA's Hypersonic Research Engine Project: A review
The goals of the NASA Hypersonic Research Engine (HRE) Project, which began in 1964, were to design, develop, and construct a high-performance hypersonic research ramjet/scramjet engine for flight tests of the developed concept over the speed range of Mach 4 to 8. The project was planned to be accomplished in three phases: project definition, research engine development, and flight test using the X-15A-2 research airplane, which was modified to carry hydrogen fuel for the research engine. The project goal of an engine flight test was eliminated when the X-15 program was canceled in 1968. Ground tests of full-scale engine models then became the focus of the project. Two axisymmetric full-scale engine models, having 18-inch-diameter cowls, were fabricated and tested: a structural model and combustion/propulsion model. A brief historical review of the project, with salient features, typical data results, and lessons learned, is presented. An extensive number of documents were generated during the HRE Project and are listed.
Andrews, Earl H.; Mackley, Ernest A.
Electronics Engineering Research. Final Report, FY 1979.
Accomplishments in Electronics Engineering Research (EER) during FY79 spanned a broad range of technologies, from high-speed microelectronics to digital image enhancement; from underground probing with electromagnetic waves to detecting neutrons with a sm...
S. Weissenberger
Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
The Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), a National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center, aims to reduce earthquake hazard by defining the locations of future earthquakes, calculating expected ground motions, and conveying this information to the general public. The SCEC�¹s homepage contains access to research and data, including links to databases for strong motion and seismograms, and a searchable and sortable bibliographic database of publications. Also available are GPS data and a network of GPS stations. A link to the Earthquake Information Network provides a searchable list of up-to-date internet earthquakes resources. Note, in order to access the SCEC Publications Database, a username and password are required. Use your own name for the username, and enter -webview as the password. SCEC is a first rate resource for earthquake engineers.
Action Research Meets Engineering Design
Engaging in sustained and collaborative action research is one way science teachers can build the bridge between improving student learning and their own professional learning as teachers and teacher-researchers. This article presents a series of practical strategies for science teachers who want to gain a new sense of confidence from conducting research on their professional development experiences, see the connection between their professional development activities and their student's needs, and develop productive professional relationships with their colleagues and students.
Capobianco, Brenda M.; Joyal, Holli
Earthquake Prediction Research In Iceland, Applications For Hazard Assessments and Warnings
Earthquake prediction research in Iceland, applications for hazard assessments and warnings. The first multinational earthquake prediction research project in Iceland was the Eu- ropean Council encouraged SIL project of the Nordic countries, 1988-1995. The path selected for this research was to study the physics of crustal processes leading to earth- quakes. It was considered that small earthquakes, down to magnitude zero, were the most significant for this purpose, because of the detailed information which they pro- vide both in time and space. The test area for the project was the earthquake prone region of the South Iceland seismic zone (SISZ). The PRENLAB and PRENLAB-2 projects, 1996-2000 supported by the European Union were a direct continuation of the SIL project, but with a more multidisciplinary approach. PRENLAB stands for "Earthquake prediction research in a natural labo- ratory". The basic objective was to advance our understanding in general on where, when and how dangerous NH10earthquake motion might strike. Methods were devel- oped to study crustal processes and conditions, by microearthquake information, by continuous GPS, InSAR, theoretical modelling, fault mapping and paleoseismology. New algorithms were developed for short term warnings. A very useful short term warning was issued twice in the year 2000, one for a sudden start of an eruption in Volcano Hekla February 26, and the other 25 hours before a second (in a sequence of two) magnitude 6.6 (Ms) earthquake in the South Iceland seismic zone in June 21, with the correct location and approximate size. A formal short term warning, although not going to the public, was also issued before a magnitude 5 earthquake in November 1998. In the presentation it will be shortly described what these warnings were based on. A general hazard assessmnets was presented in scientific journals 10-15 years ago assessing within a few kilometers the location of the faults of the two 2000 earthquakes and suggesting that these two locations would be probable locations of the two next earthquakes inside the SISZ. The results of the SIL project, the PRENLAB projects as well as success in providing useful information and warnings encouraged on one hand new research projects for 1 application of the basic results of the former projects and on the the other hand the build up of an early warning and information system in Iceland (EWIS) for seismic and volcanic hazards. A simple alert system, based on seismicity patterns only, has been in operation in Iceland for 9 years. Now the purpose is to utilize in full all relevant data and new understanding of crustal conditions for mitigating risk, by information before if possible, during and following large hazards. 2
75 FR 14243 - Research, Engineering And Development Advisory Committee
...Administration Research, Engineering And Development Advisory...meeting of the FAA Research, Engineering and Development (R,E...Meeting. Name: Research, Engineering & Development Advisory Committee...present picture ID at the security desk and be escorted to...
76 FR 12404 - Research, Engineering and Development Advisory Committee
...Administration Research, Engineering and Development Advisory...meeting of the FAA Research, Engineering and Development (R,E...Name: Research, Engineering & Development Advisory Committee...present picture ID at the security desk and be escorted to...
ERTS Applications in earthquake research and mineral exploration in California
Examples that ERTS imagery can be effectively utilized to identify, locate, and map faults which show geomorphic evidence of geologically recent breakage are presented. Several important faults not previously known have been identified. By plotting epicenters of historic earthquakes in parts of California, Sonora, Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada, we found that areas known for historic seismicity are often characterized by abundant evidence of recent fault and crustal movements. There are many examples of seismically quiet areas where outstanding evidence of recent fault movements is observed. One application is clear: ERTS-1 imagery could be effectively utilized to delineate areas susceptible to earthquake recurrence which, on the basis of seismic data alone, may be misleadingly considered safe. ERTS data can also be utilized in planning new sites in the geophysical network of fault movement monitoring and strain and tilt measurements.
Abdel-Gawad, M.; Silverstein, J.
Restoration after the Sumatra Earthquake Tsunami in Banda Aceh: Based on the Results of Interdisciplinary Researches by Nagoya University
This paper is based on the results of research by the Sumatra Earthquake Interdisciplinary or Integrated Research Team, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University. This research shows: (1) the Sumatra Earthquake tsunami disaster damage in Banda Aceh can be divided into four areas; (2) the tsunami action was directed left and right by the Banda Aceh topography; (3) within
Makoto Takahashi; Shigeyoshi Tanaka; Reo Kimura; Masatomo Umitsu; Rokuro Tabuchi; Tatsuaki Kuroda; Masataka Ando; Fumiaki Kimata
From Earthquake Prediction Research to Time-Variable Seismic Hazard Assessment Applications
The first part of the paper defines the terms and classifications common in earthquake prediction research and applications. This is followed by short reviews of major earthquake prediction programs initiated since World War II in several countries, for example the former USSR, China, Japan, the United States, and several European countries. It outlines the underlying expectations, concepts, and hypotheses, introduces the technologies and methodologies applied and some of the results obtained, which include both partial successes and failures. Emphasis is laid on discussing the scientific reasons why earthquake prediction research is so difficult and demanding and why the prospects are still so vague, at least as far as short-term and imminent predictions are concerned. However, classical probabilistic seismic hazard assessments, widely applied during the last few decades, have also clearly revealed their limitations. In their simple form, they are time-independent earthquake rupture forecasts based on the assumption of stable long-term recurrence of earthquakes in the seismotectonic areas under consideration. Therefore, during the last decade, earthquake prediction research and pilot applications have focused mainly on the development and rigorous testing of long and medium-term rupture forecast models in which event probabilities are conditioned by the occurrence of previous earthquakes, and on their integration into neo-deterministic approaches for improved time-variable seismic hazard assessment. The latter uses stress-renewal models that are calibrated for variations in the earthquake cycle as assessed on the basis of historical, paleoseismic, and other data, often complemented by multi-scale seismicity models, the use of pattern-recognition algorithms, and site-dependent strong-motion scenario modeling. International partnerships and a global infrastructure for comparative testing have recently been developed, for example the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) with test regions in California, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, and the Western Pacific. Algorithms and data bases are operated in a permanently learning and upgrading mode. Future perspectives and research requirements and the feasibility and possible problems encountered with the implementation of earthquake predictions in practice are briefly summarized.
Bormann, Peter
Cryogenics Research and Engineering Experience
Energy efficient storage, transfer and use of cryogens and cryogenic propellants on Earth and in space have a direct impact on NASA, government and commercial programs. Research and development on thermal insulation, propellant servicing, cryogenic components, material properties and sensing technologies provides industry, government and research institutions with the cross-cutting technologies to manage low-temperature applications. Under the direction of the Cryogenic Testing Lab at Kennedy Space Center, the work experience acquired allowed me to perform research, testing, design and analysis of current and future cryogenic technologies to be applied in several projects.
Toro Medina, Jaime A.
The Summary of Engineering Research, 1975.
The report represents the extensive engineering research program at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. These pages summarize a research effort of $18.6 million (FY-74 data are the most recent), involving more than 400 faculty and professional...
A. R. Sapoznik
Status of Empirical Research in Software Engineering
We provide an assessment of the status of empirical software research by analyzing all refereed articles that appeared in the Journal of Empirical Software Engineering from its first issue in January 1996 through June 2006. The journal publishes empirical software research exclusively and it is the only journal to do so. The main findings are: 1. The dominant empirical methods
Andreas H�fer; Walter F. Tichy
NASA Propulsion Engineering Research Center, volume 1
Over the past year, the Propulsion Engineering Research Center at The Pennsylvania State University continued its progress toward meeting the goals of NASA's University Space Engineering Research Centers (USERC) program. The USERC program was initiated in 1988 by the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology to provide an invigorating force to drive technology advancements in the U.S. space industry. The Propulsion Center's role in this effort is to provide a fundamental basis from which the technology advances in propulsion can be derived. To fulfill this role, an integrated program was developed that focuses research efforts on key technical areas, provides students with a broad education in traditional propulsion-related science and engineering disciplines, and provides minority and other under-represented students with opportunities to take their first step toward professional careers in propulsion engineering. The program is made efficient by incorporating government propulsion laboratories and the U.S. propulsion industry into the program through extensive interactions and research involvement. The Center is comprised of faculty, professional staff, and graduate and undergraduate students working on a broad spectrum of research issues related to propulsion. The Center's research focus encompasses both current and advanced propulsion concepts for space transportation, with a research emphasis on liquid propellant rocket engines. The liquid rocket engine research includes programs in combustion and turbomachinery. Other space transportation modes that are being addressed include anti-matter, electric, nuclear, and solid propellant propulsion. Outside funding supports a significant fraction of Center research, with the major portion of the basic USERC grant being used for graduate student support and recruitment. The remainder of the USERC funds are used to support programs to increase minority student enrollment in engineering, to maintain Center infrastructure, and to develop research capability in key new areas. Significant research programs in propulsion systems for air and land transportation complement the space propulsion focus. The primary mission of the Center is student education. The student program emphasizes formal class work and research in classical engineering and science disciplines with applications to propulsion.
Wind Science and Engineering Research Center
The Wind Science and Engineering Research Center at Texas Tech University conducts "multidisciplinary research to mitigate the deleterious effects of windstorms on the built environment, people, and the quality of life, and to utilize the beneficial effects of wind." The website highlights the Fujita Scale Enhancement Project, which examines the scale used to classify tornadoes by intensity. Links to websites on other wind projects are also provided. The Wind Engineering Library allows visitors to search more than 4500 articles on the center's research as well as education-related publications. Teachers and the general public will find an extensive list of other Internet resources on wind energy.
NASA's new university engineering space research programs
The objective of a newly emerging element of NASA's university engineering programs is to provide a more autonomous element that will enhance and broaden the capabilities in academia, enabling them to participate more effectively in the U.S. civil space program. The programs utilize technical monitors at NASA centers to foster collaborative arrangements, exchange of personnel, and the sharing of facilities between NASA and the universities. The elements include: the university advanced space design program, which funds advanced systems study courses at the senior and graduate levels; the university space engineering research program that supports cross-disciplinary research centers; the outreach flight experiments program that offers engineering research opportunities to universities; and the planned university investigator's research program to provide grants to individuals with outstanding credentials.
Sadin, Stanley R.
Research on Gender in Science and Engineering
The Research on Gender in Science and Engineering program has been funding these objectives since 1993, under the prior names "Program for Women and Girls" (PWG), "Program for Gender Equity in Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology" (PGE), and "Gender Diversity in STEM Education" (GDSE). Full Proposal Preparation Instructions: This solicitation contains information that supplements the standard Grant Proposal Guide (GPG) proposal preparation guidelines. NSF expects to fund 10 ...
Council of Energy Engineering Research. Final Report
The Engineering Research Program, a component program of the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), was established in 1979 to aid in resolving the numerous engineering issues arising from efforts to meet U.S. energy needs. The major product of the program became part of the body of knowledge and data upon which the applied energy technologies are founded; the product is knowledge relevant to energy exploration, production, conversion and use.
Goldstein, Richard J.
Summaries of FY 1985 engineering research
Following an overview of the Engineering Research program, brief summaries are given for each of the 100 individual projects. Each summary gives the name of the institution carrying out the work, names of the investigators, project title, brief description, funding level for fiscal year 1985, year in which the project began, expected duration, and a budget activity number. The technical areas addressed by the program are, broadly, mechanical sciences, systems sciences, and engineering analysis. (LEW)
Correlations Between Ground Motion and Building Damage. Engineering Intensity Scale Applied to the San Fernando Earthquake of February 1971.
The correlation between ground motion and building damage was investigated for the San Fernando earthquake of 1971. A series of iso-intensity maps was compiled to summarize the ground motion in terms of the Blume Engineering Intensity Scale (EIS). This in...
D. Hafen F. C. Kintzer
Columbia University: Industrial Engineering and Operations Research
This is the website for Columbia University's Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, which is "concerned with the design, analysis, and control of production and service operations and systems." The website describes two of the Department's research centers. The first, the Center for Applied Probability, supports interdisciplinary research on probability and its applications. The second, the Computational Optimization Research Center, specializes in "the design and implementation of state-of-the-art algorithms for the solution of large-scale optimization problems arising from a wide variety of industrial and commercial applications." Separate websites provide a description of research conducted at the Centers along with links to various publications.
2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake engineering seismoscope recordings and Eastern North America ground-motion attenuation relations
Engineering seismoscope data collected at distances less than 300 km for the M 7.7 Bhuj, India, mainshock are compatible with ground-motion attenuation in eastern North America (ENA). The mainshock ground-motion data have been corrected to a common geological site condition using the factors of Joyner and Boore (2000) and a classification scheme of Quaternary or Tertiary sediments or rock. We then compare these data to ENA ground-motion attenuation relations. Despite uncertainties in recording method, geological site corrections, common tectonic setting, and the amount of regional seismic attenuation, the corrected Bhuj dataset agrees with the collective predictions by ENA ground-motion attenuation relations within a factor of 2. This level of agreement is within the dataset uncertainties and the normal variance for recorded earthquake ground motions.
Cramer, C. H.; Kumar, A.
Earthquake-induced liquefaction of fine-grained soils - considerations from Japanese research. Final report, October 1986-September 1988
Liquefaction potential of various types of soils has received a great deal of research attention in the geotechnical community over the previous two decades. Dramatic occurrences of liquefaction in saturated deposits of fine, uniformly graded sands in the Japanese city of Niigata and surrounding areas resulting from ground shaking during the 16 June 1964 earthquake spawned extensive studies to develop methodologies for assessing the potential for liquefaction of predominantly clean sands throughout Japan and worldwide. Japanese researchers have recently performed laboratory and field studies to assess the influence of variations in grain-size distribution and soil-index properties of liquefaction potential of fine-grained soils. Several Corps of Engineers dams in seismically active areas are founded on fine-grained, low plasticity alluvial deposits. This report reviews current practices applied to study the phenomenon of fine-grained soil liquefaction, with emphasis on recent Japanese laboratory and in situ testing research. The findings will promote efficiency of effort in the conduct of subsequent laboratory-testing efforts toward the development of specific procedures for use by the Corps and others in assessing the potential for earthquake-induced liquefaction to occur in fine-grained soils.
Koester, J.P.; Tsuchida, T.
Summaries of FY 1996 engineering research
This report documents the Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Engineering Research Program for fiscal year 1996; it provides a summary for each of the program projects in addition to a brief program overview. The report is intended to provide staff of Congressional committees, other executive departments, and other DOE offices with substantive program information so as to facilitate governmental overview and coordination of Federal research programs. Of equal importance, its availability facilitates communication of program information to interested research engineers and scientists. Each BES Division administers basic, mission oriented research programs in the area indicated by its title. The BES Engineering Research Program is one such program; it is administered by the Engineering and Geosciences Division of BES. In preparing this report the principal investigators were asked to submit summaries for their projects that were specifically applicable to fiscal year 1996. The summaries received have been edited if necessary, but the press for timely publication made it impractical to have the investigators review and approve the revised summaries prior to publication. For more information about a given project, it is suggested that the investigators be contacted directly.
The Electronic Encyclopedia of Earthquakes
The Electronic Encyclopedia of Earthquakes is a collaborative project of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), the Consortia of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering (CUREE) and the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS). This digital library organizes earthquake information online as a partner with the NSF-funded National Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Digital Library (NSDL) and the Digital Library for Earth System Education (DLESE). When complete, information and resources for over 500 Earth science and engineering topics will be included, with connections to curricular materials useful for teaching Earth Science, engineering, physics and mathematics. Although conceived primarily as an educational resource, the Encyclopedia is also a valuable portal to anyone seeking up-to-date earthquake information and authoritative technical sources. "E3" is a unique collaboration among earthquake scientists and engineers to articulate and document a common knowledge base with a shared terminology and conceptual framework. It is a platform for cross-training scientists and engineers in these complementary fields and will provide a basis for sustained communication and resource-building between major education and outreach activities. For example, the E3 collaborating organizations have leadership roles in the two largest earthquake engineering and earth science projects ever sponsored by NSF: the George E. Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (CUREE) and the EarthScope Project (IRIS and SCEC). The E3 vocabulary and definitions are also being connected to a formal ontology under development by the SCEC/ITR project for knowledge management within the SCEC Collaboratory. The E3 development system is now fully operational, 165 entries are in the pipeline, and the development teams are capable of producing 20 new, fully reviewed encyclopedia entries each month. Over the next two years teams will complete 450 entries, which will populate the E3 collection to a level that fully spans earthquake science and engineering. Scientists, engineers, and educators who have suggestions for content to be included in the Encyclopedia can visit www.earthquake.info now to complete the "Suggest a Web Page" form.
Benthien, M.; Marquis, J.; Jordan, T.
Tissue engineering: from research to dental clinics
PubMed Central
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines the principles of engineering, material and biological sciences toward the development of therapeutic strategies and biological substitutes that restore, maintain, replace or improve biological functions. The association of biomaterials, stem cells, growth and differentiation factors have yielded the development of new treatment opportunities in most of the biomedical areas, including Dentistry. The objective of this paper is to present the principles underlying tissue engineering and the current scenario, the challenges and the perspectives of this area in Dentistry. Significance The growth of tissue engineering as a research field have provided a novel set of therapeutic strategies for biomedical applications. The emerging knowledge arisen from studies in the dental area may translate into new methods for caring or improving the alternatives used to treat patients in the daily clinic.
Rosa, Vinicius; Bona, Alvaro Della; Cavalcanti, Bruno Neves; Nor, Jacques Eduardo
Scientific Research Database of the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake
Nearly 5 years after the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, the Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake stroke 70km away along the same fault system. Given the tremendous life loss and property damages as well as the short time and distance intervals between the two large magnitude events, the scientific probing into their causing factors and future seismic activities in the nearby region will continue to be in the center of earthquake research in China and even the world for years to come. In the past five years, scientists have made significant efforts to study the Wenchuan earthquake from various aspects using different datasets and methods. Their studies cover a variety of topics including seismogenic environment, earthquake precursors, rupture process, co-seismic phenomenon, hazard relief, reservoir induced seismicity and more. These studies have been published in numerous journals in Chinese, English and many other languages. In addition, 54 books regarding to this earthquake have been published. The extremely diversified nature of all publications makes it very difficult and time-consuming, if not impossible, to sort out information needed by individual researcher in an efficient way. An information platform that collects relevant scientific information and makes them accessible in various ways can be very handy. With this mission in mind, the Earthquake Research Group in the Chengdu University of Technology has developed a website www.wceq.org to attack this target: (1) articles published by major journals and books are recorded into a database. Researchers will be able to find articles by topics, journals, publication dates, authors and keywords e.t.c by a few clicks; (2) to fast track the latest developments, researchers can also follow upon updates in the current month, last 90days, 180 days and 365 days by clicking on corresponding links; (3) the modern communication tools such as Facebook, Twitter and their Chinese counterparts are accommodated in this site to share favorite research information with friends; (4) This site also serves as a bridge between readers and authors by providing messaging boards in many forms; (5) we also track relevant meeting presentations, ongoing researches as well as earthquake-related news; (6) furthermore, we also collect publications of earthquakes in the eastern Tibetan plateau and selected ones from other regions for comparison purpose. After nearly one year of operation, the database has been growing steadily with time and the major functionalities have been well developed and stabilized. Up to August 6 2013, totally 847 papers have been collected in our database. Among them 673, 21 and 153 papers are of Wenchuan, Lushan and Tohoko earthquake in interest, respectively. For the Wenchuan earthquake articles, nearly 10%, 20%, 25%,15%, 15% are of studies in seismogenic environment, precursors, rupture process, hazard relief and aftershocks & coseismic events, respectively. Built upon the ever growing database, the next move would be to do more analysis. One ongoing project would be to collect figures from articles that are of special interest to people in the field. A parallel project will also start to extend the database to include Tibetan Plateau studies.
Liang, C.; Yang, Y.; Yu, Y.
NASA's engineering research centers and interdisciplinary education
A new program of interactive education between NASA and the academic community aims to improve research and education, provide long-term, stable funding, and support cross-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary research. The mission of NASA's Office of Aeronautics, Exploration and Technology (OAET) is discussed and it is pointed out that the OAET conducts about 10 percent of its total R&D program at U.S. universities. Other NASA university-based programs are listed including the Office of Commercial Programs Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS) and the National Space Grant program. The importance of university space engineering centers and the selection of the nine current centers are discussed. A detailed composite description is provided of the University Space Engineering Research Centers. Other specialized centers are described such as the Center for Space Construction, the Mars Mission Research Center, and the Center for Intelligent Robotic Systems for Space Exploration. Approaches to educational outreach are discussed.
Johnston, Gordon I.
Engineering Education in Research-Intensive Universities
The strengths and weaknesses of engineering education in research-intensive institutions are reported and key areas for developmental focus identified. The work is based on a questionnaire and session summaries used during a two-day international conference held at Imperial College London. The findings highlight several common concerns, such as�
Alpay, E.; Jones, M. E.
Undergraduate Summer Research in Structural Engineering
For the last five years a summer undergraduate research site in structural engineering, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), has operated at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). During this time 25 students from 18 colleges and universities have participated. Participants are recruited nationally and have come from as far way as California and Puerto Rico. The program
Norbert Delatte
WTEC Panel Report on Tissue Engineering Research.
This report is a comparative review of tissue engineering research and development activities in the United States, Japan, and Western Europe conducted by a panel of leading U.S. experts in the field. It covers biomaterials, cells, biomolecules, non-medic...
D. J. Mooney H. P. Greisler L. Griffith L. V. McIntire P. C. Johnson
Information Needs and Information-Gathering Behavior of Research Engineers.
Research into both the information needs of engineers engaged in research and development, and the means chosen by engineers to fulfill their information needs are summarized in this condensation of a Master's thesis. Parallel questionnaires were administered in 1981 to 78 engineers at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering�
Siess, Judith A.
Earthquakes in Arkansas and vicinity 1699-2010
This map summarizes approximately 300 years of earthquake activity in Arkansas. It is one in a series of similar State earthquake history maps. Work on the Arkansas map was done in collaboration with the Arkansas Geological Survey. The earthquake data plotted on the map are from several sources: the Arkansas Geological Survey, the Center for Earthquake Research and Information, the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality. In addition to earthquake locations, other materials presented include seismic hazard and isoseismal maps and related text. Earthquakes are a legitimate concern in Arkansas and parts of adjacent states. Arkansas has undergone a number of significant felt earthquakes since 1811. At least two of these events caused property damage: a magnitude 4.7 earthquake in 1931, and a magnitude 4.3 earthquake in 1967. The map shows all historical and instrumentally located earthquakes in Arkansas and vicinity between 1811 and 2010. The largest historic earthquake in the vicinity of the State was an intensity XI event, on December 16, 1811; the first earthquake in the New Madrid sequence. This violent event and the earthquakes that followed caused considerable damage to the then sparsely settled region.
Dart, Richard L.; Ausbrooks, Scott M.
Conceptual Difficulties Experienced by Trained Engineers Learning Educational Research Methods
This paper describes conceptual difficulties that may be experi- enced by engineering faculty as they become engineering educa- tion researchers. Observation, survey, and assessment data col- lected at the 2005 NSF-funded Rigorous Research in Engineering Education workshop were systematically analyzed to uncover the five difficulties encountered by engineering faculty learning to design rigorous education studies: (1) framing research questions with
Aircraft Turbine Engine Control Research at NASA Glenn Research Center
This paper provides an overview of the aircraft turbine engine control research at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). A brief introduction to the engine control problem is first provided with a description of the state-of-the-art control law structure. A historical aspect of engine control development since the 1940s is then provided with a special emphasis on the contributions of GRC. With the increased emphasis on aircraft safety, enhanced performance, and affordability, as well as the need to reduce the environmental impact of aircraft, there are many new challenges being faced by the designers of aircraft propulsion systems. The Controls and Dynamics Branch (CDB) at GRC is leading and participating in various projects to develop advanced propulsion controls and diagnostics technologies that will help meet the challenging goals of NASA Aeronautics Research Mission programs. The rest of the paper provides an overview of the various CDB technology development activities in aircraft engine control and diagnostics, both current and some accomplished in the recent past. The motivation for each of the research efforts, the research approach, technical challenges, and the key progress to date are summarized.
Garg, Sanjay
Aeronautical Research Engineer Milt Thompson computing data
Milton O. Thompson was hired as an engineer at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics' High-Speed Flight Station (later renamed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Dryden Flight Research Center) on March 19, 1956. In 1958 he became a research pilot, but in this photo Milt is working on data from another pilot's research flight. Thompson began flying with the U.S. Navy as a pilot trainee at the age of 19. He subsequently served during World War II, with duty in China and Japan. Following six years of active naval service, he entered the University of Washington, in Seattle, Washington. Milt graduated in 1953 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering. He remained in the Naval Reserves during college, and continued flying--not only naval aircraft but crop dusters and forest-spraying aircraft. After college graduation, Milt became a flight test engineer for the Boeing Aircraft Company in Seattle, where he was employed for two years before coming to the High-Speed Flight Station.
Graduate student engineering research in aeronautics at Old Dominion University is surveyed. Student participation was facilitated through a NASA sponsored university program which enabled the students to complete degrees. Research summaries are provided and plans for the termination of the grant program are outlined. Project topics include: Failure modes for mechanically fastened joints in composite materials; The dynamic stability of an earth orbiting satellite deploying hinged appendages; The analysis of the Losipescu shear test for composite materials; and the effect of boundary layer structure on wing tip vortex formation and decay.
Phil M. Ferguson Structural Engineering Research Laboratory
The Phil M. Ferguson Structural Engineering Research Laboratory at the University Texas at Austin is a facility "dedicated to research for improving the analysis, design and construction of buildings, bridges and special structures." Researchers use physical testing, combined with state-of-the-art analytical models, to evaluate the behavior and design of reinforced concrete, steel, timber, masonry, and composite structures. Some applications for the group's work include the performance of buildings, bridges, and offshore structures, and the repair and rehabilitation of structures. The research is possible through industry sponsorship and some of the reports from the lab's projects are posted online in the Library. Other Publications include Dissertations and Theses, FSEL Lab Report Series, and Journal Articles.
FY03 Engineering Technology Reports Laboratory Directed Research and Development
This report summarizes the science and technology research and development efforts in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Engineering Directorate for FY2003, and exemplifies Engineering's 50-year history of researching and developing the engineering technologies needed to support the Laboratory's missions. Engineering has been a partner in every major program and project at the Laboratory throughout its existence, and has prepared for this
76 FR 37084 - Board on Coastal Engineering Research
...Corps of Engineers Board on Coastal Engineering Research AGENCY: Department of the...Name of Committee: Board on Coastal Engineering Research. Date of Meeting: July 26-28...consonance with the needs of the coastal engineering field and the objectives of the...
78 FR 13030 - Board on Coastal Engineering Research
...Corps of Engineers Board on Coastal Engineering Research AGENCY: Department of the...Name of Committee: Board on Coastal Engineering Research. Date of Meeting: March 18-19...consonance with the needs of the coastal engineering field and the objectives of the...
75 FR 28593 - Board on Coastal Engineering Research
...Corps of Engineers Board on Coastal Engineering Research AGENCY: Department of the...Name of Committee: Board on Coastal Engineering Research. Date of Meeting: June 22-24...consonance with the needs of the coastal engineering field and the objectives of the...
Earthquakes in Mississippi and vicinity 1811-2010
This map summarizes two centuries of earthquake activity in Mississippi. Work on the Mississippi map was done in collaboration with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Geology. The earthquake data plotted on the map are from several sources: the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, the Center for Earthquake Research and Information, the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, and the Arkansas Geological Survey. In addition to earthquake locations, other materials include seismic hazard and isoseismal maps and related text. Earthquakes are a legitimate concern in Mississippi and parts of adjacent States. Mississippi has undergone a number of felt earthquakes since 1811. At least two of these events caused property damage: a magnitude 4.7 earthquake in 1931, and a magnitude 4.3 earthquake in 1967. The map shows all historical and instrumentally located earthquakes in Mississippi and vicinity between 1811 and 2010. The largest historic earthquake in the vicinity of the State was an intensity XI event, on December 16, 1811; the first earthquake in the New Madrid sequence. This violent event and the earthquakes that followed caused considerable damage to the then sparsely settled region.
Dart, Richard L.; Bograd, Michael B. E.
Research on Building Education & Workforce Capacity in Systems Engineering.
RT-19, Research on Building Education & Workforce Capacity in Systems Engineering, is a research study whose goal is to understand the impact on student learning of and career interest in Systems Engineering (SE) through a set of diverse capstone courses ...
E. McGrath
Research on Building Education & Workforce Capacity in Systems Engineering, (referred to as the SE Capstone Project), is conducting research to understand the methods through which systems engineering learning and career interest may be increased among un...
C. Jurado E. McGrath S. Lam S. Lowes
Online Ethics Center for Engineering and Research
Created in 2007, this website is a superb tool for learning about the ethical dilemmas engineers face in areas such as emerging technologies, environment, safety and sustainability, and responsible research. Visitors can learn about various ethical dilemmas via the site's collection of "Cases", "Essays & Articles", "Instructional Resources", and "Other Resources". The "Cases" link contains a fascinating collection of historical cases, hypothetical cases, fictionalized cases, numerical problems, and scenarios. Visitors will find cases that address a killer robot, reverse engineering, Internet privacy, and the real case of a "computerized radiation therapy machine and its software flaws, which caused massive overdoses to patients." The "Instructional Resources" link provides various university syllabi for courses on computers and the Internet, as well as a syllabus for a course for both young people and senior citizens which addresses the future of technology. Visitors will also find an informational article on the misuse of emerging technologies, entitled "Antibiotic Resistance and Dual Use".
Defeating Earthquakes
The 2004 M=9.2 Sumatra earthquake claimed what seemed an unfathomable 228,000 lives, although because of its size, we could at least assure ourselves that it was an extremely rare event. But in the short space of 8 years, the Sumatra quake no longer looks like an anomaly, and it is no longer even the worst disaster of the Century: 80,000 deaths in the 2005 M=7.6 Pakistan quake; 88,000 deaths in the 2008 M=7.9 Wenchuan, China quake; 316,000 deaths in the M=7.0 Haiti, quake. In each case, poor design and construction were unable to withstand the ferocity of the shaken earth. And this was compounded by inadequate rescue, medical care, and shelter. How could the toll continue to mount despite the advances in our understanding of quake risk? The world's population is flowing into megacities, and many of these migration magnets lie astride the plate boundaries. Caught between these opposing demographic and seismic forces are 50 cities of at least 3 million people threatened by large earthquakes, the targets of chance. What we know for certain is that no one will take protective measures unless they are convinced they are at risk. Furnishing that knowledge is the animating principle of the Global Earthquake Model, launched in 2009. At the very least, everyone should be able to learn what his or her risk is. At the very least, our community owes the world an estimate of that risk. So, first and foremost, GEM seeks to raise quake risk awareness. We have no illusions that maps or models raise awareness; instead, earthquakes do. But when a quake strikes, people need a credible place to go to answer the question, how vulnerable am I, and what can I do about it? The Global Earthquake Model is being built with GEM's new open source engine, OpenQuake. GEM is also assembling the global data sets without which we will never improve our understanding of where, how large, and how frequently earthquakes will strike, what impacts they will have, and how those impacts can be lessened by our actions. Using these global datasets will help to make the model as uniform as possible. The model must be built by scientists in the affected countries with GEM's support, augmented by their insights and data. The model will launch in 2014; to succeed it must be open, international, independent, and continuously tested. But the mission of GEM is not just the likelihood of ground shaking, but also gaging the economic and social consequences of earthquakes, which greatly amplify the losses. For example, should the municipality of Istanbul retrofit schools, or increase its insurance reserves and recovery capacity? Should a homeowner in a high-risk area move or strengthen her building? This is why GEM is a public-private partnership. GEM's fourteen public sponsors and eight non-governmental organization members are standing for the developing world. To extend GEM into the financial world, we draw upon the expertise of companies. GEM's ten private sponsors have endorsed the acquisition of public knowledge over private gain. In a competitive world, this is a courageous act. GEM is but one link in a chain of preparedness: from earth science and engineering research, through groups like GEM, to mitigation, retrofit or relocate decisions, building codes and insurance, and finally to prepared hospitals, schools, and homes. But it is a link that our community can make strong.
Stein, R. S.
Seismic Safety Margins Research Program, Phase I. Project II: seismic input. Compilation, assessment and expansion of the strong earthquake ground motion data base
A catalog has been prepared which contains information for: (1) world-wide, ground-motion accelerograms, (2) the accelerograph sites where these records were obtained, and (3) the seismological parameters of the causative earthquakes. The catalog is limited to data for those accelerograms which have been digitized and published. In addition, the quality and completeness of these data are assessed. This catalog is unique because it is the only publication which contains comprehensive information on the recording conditions of all known digitized accelerograms. However, information for many accelerograms is missing. Although some literature may have been overlooked, most of the missing data has not been published. Nevertheless, the catalog provides a convenient reference and useful tool for earthquake engineering research and applications.
Crouse, C B; Hileman, J A; Turner, B E; Martin, G R
Application of space technology to crustal dynamics and earthquake research
In cooperation with other Federal government agencies, and the governments of other countries, NASA is undertaking a program of research in geodynamics. The present program activities and plans for extension of these activities in the time period 1979-1985 are described. The program includes operation of observatories for laser ranging to the Moon and to artificial satellites, and radio observatories for very long baseline microwave interferometry (VLBI). These observatories are used to measure polar motion, earth rotation, and tectonic plate movement, and serve as base stations for mobile facilities. The mobile laser ranging and VLBI facilities are used to measure crustal deformation in tectonically active areas.
Collaborative Engineering for Research and Development
Research and development (R&D) organizations are being required to be relevant, to be more application-oriented, and to be partners in the strategic management of the business while meeting the same challenges as the rest of the organization, namely: (1) reduced time to market; (2) reduced cost; (3) improved quality; (4) increased reliability; and (5) increased focus on customer needs. Recent advances in computer technology and the Internet have created a new paradigm of collaborative engineering or collaborative product development (CPD), from which new types of relationships among researchers and their partners have emerged. Research into the applicability and benefits of CPD in a low/no production, R&D, and/or government environment is limited. In addition, the supply chain management (SCM) aspects of these relationships have not been studied. This paper presents research conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) investigating the applicability of CPD and SCM in an R&D organization. The study concentrates on the management and implementation of space research activities at GRC. Results indicate that although the organization is engaged in collaborative relationships that incorporate aspects of SCM, a number of areas, such as development of trust and information sharing merit special attention.
Davis, Jose M.; Keys, L. Ken; Chen, Injazz J.
The importance of earthquake research in the assessment of seismic hazards in Argentina
The history of Argentina has repeated occurrences of damaging crustal earthquakes with examples like the 1944 (Mw 7.0) San Juan earthquake, considered the largest natural disaster. These large earthquakes occur in the continental Andean backarc crust as far as 600 to 800 km east from the Trench. Of high significance is the correlation of this large-sized continental seismicity with the horizontal position of the subducted Nazca plate at about 100-km depth. In addition, lateral variations of the crustal structure are expected since several terranes have been accreted to western South America since the Paleozoic. Given the high seismic potential of this region, understanding of these seismotectonic processes and the crustal structure is essential for the assessment of seismic hazards and the mitigation of their effects. In this presentation we show our work based on an integrated research effort that combines permanent and temporal seismic networks from the Argentinean National Institute for Seismic Disaster Mitigation (INPRES) and IRIS- Passcal arrays. This international collaboration started in 2000 and involves researchers, technicians and students from the University of Arizona (USA), the National University of San Juan (Argentina) and INPRES (Argentina).
Giuliano, A.; Alvarado, P.; Beck, S.
National clearinghouse for Loma Prieta earthquake information catalog, November 1991
This catalog lists 440 new citations including recently completed work, abstracts of National Science Foundation research projects in progress, and contributions to the clearinghouse received after April, 1991. Section titles are: General topics and conference proceedings; Selected topics in seismology; Engineering seismology; Strong-motion seismometry; Dynamics of soils, rocks, and foundations; Dynamics of structures; Earthquake-resistant design and construction; Earthquake damage; and Earthquakes as natural disasters. Included are indexes by author, title, subject, and format.
Electromagnetic earthquake triggering phenomena: State-of-the-art research and future developments
Developed in the 70s of the last century in Russia unique pulsed power systems based on solid propellant magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) generators with an output of 10-500 MW and operation duration of 10 to 15 s were applied for an active electromagnetic monitoring of the Earth's crust to explore its deep structure, oil and gas electrical prospecting, and geophysical studies for earthquake prediction due to their high specific power parameters, portability, and a capability of operation under harsh climatic conditions. The most interesting and promising results were obtained during geophysical experiments at the test sites located at Pamir and Northern Tien Shan mountains, when after 1.5-2.5 kA electric current injection into the Earth crust through an 4 km-length emitting dipole the regional seismicity variations were observed (increase of number of weak earthquakes within a week). Laboratory experiments performed by different teams of the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Joint Institute for High Temperatures, and Research Station of Russian Academy of Sciences on observation of acoustic emission behavior of stressed rock samples during their processing by electric pulses demonstrated similar patterns - a burst of acoustic emission (formation of cracks) after application of current pulse to the sample. Based on the field and laboratory studies it was supposed that a new kind of earthquake triggering - electromagnetic initiation of weak seismic events has been observed, which may be used for the man-made electromagnetic safe release of accumulated tectonic stresses and, consequently, for earthquake hazard mitigation. For verification of this hypothesis some additional field experiments were carried out at the Bishkek geodynamic proving ground with application of pulsed ERGU-600 facility, which provides 600 A electric current in the emitting dipole. An analysis of spatio-temporal redistribution of weak regional seismicity after ERGU-600 pulses, as well as a response of geoacoustic emission recorded in the wells at a distance of 7-12 km from the emitting dipole to the ERGU-600 pulses confirmed the effects of an influence of electromagnetic field on the deformation processes in the Earth crust and the real existence of electromagnetic triggering phenomena. For verification of results of field observations laboratory studies of behavior of rock samples under critical stress-strain state and external electric actions were carried out at the spring and lever presses, as well as at the stick-slip models simulated the seismic cycle (stress accumulation and discharge) in the seismogenic geological fault. Various possible mechanisms of weak electrical stimulation (electric current density 10-7-10-8 mA/cm2 at a depth of earthquake epicenters of 5 to10 km) of deformation processes in the Earth crust, including increased fluid pore pressure, electrokinetic phenomena, magnetostriction, electrical stimulation of fluid migration into the fault area are considered. However, the mechanism of electromagnetic earthquake triggering phenomena is still open. Based on the field observations of electromagnetic triggering of weak seismicity resulting in a partial safe release of stresses in the Earth crust a possibility of control of seismic process is considered for risk reduction of catastrophic earthquakes. The results obtained from field and laboratory experiments on electromagnetic initiation of seismic events allow to consider a problem of lithosphere-ionosphere relations from another point of view. Keeping in mind that the current density generated in the Earth crust by artificial electric source is comparable with the density of telluric currents induced during severe ionospheric disturbances (e.g., magnetic storms) it may be possible under certain favorable conditions in lithosphere to initiate earthquakes by electromagnetic disturbances in ionosphere. A possibility of application of these triggering phenomena for short-term earthquake prediction is discussed.
Zeigarnik, Vladimir; Novikov, Victor
7th U.S. / Japan Natural Resources (UJNR) Panel on Earthquake Research: Abstract Volume and Technical Program
The U.S. / Japan Natural Resources (UJNR) Panel on Earthquake Research promotes advanced study toward a more fundamental understanding of the earthquake process and hazard estimation. The Panel promotes basic and applied research to improve our understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes and to facilitate the transmission of research results to those who implement hazard reduction measures on both sides of the Pacific and around the world. Meetings are held every other year, and alternate between countries with short presentation on current research and local field trips being the highlights. The 5th Joint Panel meeting was held at Asilomar, California in October, 2004. The technical sessions featured reports on the September 28, 2004 Parkfield, California earthquake, progress on earthquake early warning and rapid post-event assessment technology, probabilistic earthquake forecasting and the newly discovered phenomenon of nonvolcanic tremor. The Panel visited the epicentral region of the M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake and viewed the surface ruptures along the San Andreas Fault. They also visited the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD), which had just completed the first phase of drilling into the fault. The 6th Joint Panel meeting was held in Tokushima, Japan in November, 2006. The meeting included very productive exchanges of information on approaches to systematic observation of earthquake processes. Sixty eight technical papers were presented during the meeting on a wide range of subjects, including interplate earthquakes in subduction zones, slow slip and nonvolcanic tremor, crustal deformation, recent earthquake activity and hazard mapping. Through our discussion, we reaffirmed the benefits of working together to achieve our common goal of reducing earthquake hazard, continued cooperation on issues involving densification of observation networks and the open exchange of data among scientific communities. We also reaffirmed the importance of making information public in a timely manner. The Panel visited sites along the east coast of Shikoku that were inundated by the tsunami caused by the 1946 Nankai earthquake where they heard from survivors of the disaster and saw new tsunami shelters and barriers. They also visited the Median Tectonic Line, a major onshore strike-slip fault on Shikoku. The 7th Joint Panel meeting was held in Seattle, Wash., U.S.A. from October 27-30, 2008.
Compiled by Detweiler, Shane T.; Ellsworth, William L.
34 CFR 350.32 - What activities must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center conduct?
... What Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers Does...must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center conduct? A Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center shall...and psychological and social knowledge to solve...
An overview of the NASA rotary engine research program
A brief overview and technical highlights of the research efforts and studies on rotary engines over the last several years at the NASA Lewis Research Center are presented. The test results obtained from turbocharged rotary engines and preliminary results from a high performance single rotor engine were discussed. Combustion modeling studies of the rotary engine and the use of a Laser Doppler Velocimeter to confirm the studies were examined. An in-house program in which a turbocharged rotary engine was installed in a Cessna Skymaster for ground test studies was reviewed. Details are presented on single rotor stratified charge rotary engine research efforts, both in-house and on contract.
Meng, P. R.; Hady, W. F.
Scientific, Engineering, and Financial Factors of the 1989 Human-Triggered Newcastle Earthquake in Australia
This presentation emphasizes the dualism of natural resources exploitation and economic growth versus geomechanical pollution and risks of human-triggered earthquakes. Large-scale geoengineering activities, e.g., mining, reservoir impoundment, oil/gas production, water exploitation or fluid injection, alter pre-existing lithostatic stress states in the earth's crust and are anticipated to trigger earthquakes. Such processes of in- situ stress alteration are termed geomechanical pollution. Moreover, since the 19th century more than 200 earthquakes have been documented worldwide with a seismic moment magnitude of 4.5earthquakes increased rapidly. An example of a human-triggered earthquake is the 1989 Newcastle event in Australia that was a result of almost 200 years of coal mining and water over-exploitation, respectively. This earthquake, an Mw=5.6 event, caused more than 3.5 billion U.S. dollars in damage (1989 value) and was responsible for Australia's first and only to date earthquake fatalities. It is therefore thought that, the Newcastle region tends to develop unsustainably if comparing economic growth due to mining and financial losses of triggered earthquakes. An hazard assessment, based on a geomechanical crust model, shows that only four deep coal mines were responsible for triggering this severe earthquake. A small-scale economic risk assessment identifies that the financial loss due to earthquake damage has reduced mining profits that have been re-invested in the Newcastle region for over two centuries beginning in 1801. Furthermore, large-scale economic risk assessment reveals that the financial loss is equivalent to 26% of the Australian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in 1988/89. These costs account for 13% of the total costs of all natural disasters (e.g., flooding, drought, wild fires) and 94% of the costs of all earthquakes recorded in Australia between 1967 and 1999. In conclusion, the increasing number and size of geoengineering activities, such as coal mining near Newcastle or planned carbon dioxide Geosequestration initiatives, represent a growing hazard potential, which can negatively affect socio-economic growth and sustainable development. Finally, hazard and risk degrees, based on geomechanical-mathematical models, can be forecasted in space and over time for urban planning in order to prevent economic losses of human-triggered earthquakes in the future.
Klose, C. D.
Research and exploration for operational research education in industry and engineering subject
On the basic of exploring the relationship of industry engineering and operational research technique, the thesis analyzes the location and utility of the operational research education in the whole industry engineering subject education. It brings forward the system design about operational research and relative class among industry engineering subject and the imagine of concrete class design for industry engineering operational
WU Yu-hua; WANG Feng-ming; DU Gang
Alaska Earthquake Information Center
The Alaska Earthquake Information Center contains information on seismology and tsunami research, education and outreach projects, and earthquake preparedness. There are also maps, reports, and a database on recent earthquakes and a map of historical Alaskan earthquakes, active faults, and rupture zones.
Life history antecedents of sales, research, and general engineering interest
Responses to a 170-item, multiple-choice life history questionnaire were analyzed against criteria of sales, research, and general engineering interest. A sample of 388 university freshmen in engineering was used for the sales and research portions of the analysis and 700 freshmen were used in appraising general engineering interest. The significant items were summarized by content category and used to develop
Frederick B. Chaney; William A. Owens
Cost Engineering for manufacturing: Current and future research
The article aims to identify the scientific challenges and point out future research directions on Cost Engineering. The research areas covered in this article include Design Cost; Manufacturing Cost; Operating Cost; Life Cycle Cost; Risk and Uncertainty management and Affordability Engineering. Collected information at the Academic Forum on Cost Engineering held at Cranfield University in 2008 and further literature review
Y. Xu; F. Elgh; J. A. Erkoyuncu; O. Bankole; Y. Goh; W. M. Cheung; P. Baguley; Q. Wang; P. Arundachawat; E. Shehab; L. Newnes; R. Roy
Work in progress - strengthening HBCU engineering education research capacity
The Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education (CASEE) has collaborated with the council of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) engineering school deans to develop each school's capacity for rigorous engineering education research. As the project has drawn to a close, the schools were asked to provide written reports summarizing their activities, knowledge gained, and research planned
Elizabeth T. Cady; Norman L. Fortenberry
Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. comprehensive earthquake management plan: Engineering survey building damage assessment training manual
The training objectives are: differentiate between the various levels of damage caused to buildings and structures by an earthquake and classify them as to their safety of occupancy, extent of damage, and resources needed for recovery/repair.
Prints for precision engineering research lathe (Engineering Materials)
The precision engineering research lathe (PERL) is a small two-axis, ultra-high-precision turning machine used for turning very small contoured parts. Housed in a laminar-flow enclosure for temperature control, called a clean air envelope, PERL is maintained at a constant 68 degrees F (plus or minus 1 degree). The size of the lathe is minimized to reduce sensitivity to temperature variations. This, combined with internal water cooling of the spindle motor, the only major heat source on the machine, permits the use of air-shower temperature control. (This approach is a departure from previous designs for larger machines where liquid shower systems are used.) Major design features include the use of a T-configuration, hydrostatic oil slides, capstan slide drives, air-bearing spindles, and laser interferometer position feedback. The following features are particularly noteworthy: (1) to obtain the required accuracy and friction characteristics, the two linear slides are supported by 10-cm-travel hydrostatic bearings developed at LLNL; (2) to minimize backlash and friction, capstan drives are used to provide the slide motions; and (3) to obtain the best surface finish possible, asynchronous (nonrepeatable) spindle motion is minimized by driving the spindle directly with a brushless dc torque motor. PERL operates in single-axis mode. Using facing cuts on copper with a diamond tool, surface finishes of 7.5 nm peak-to-valley (1.5 nm rms) have been achieved.
Time-frequency analysis of Transitory\\/Permanent frequency decrease in civil engineering structures during earthquakes
The analysis of strong motion recordings in structures is crucial to understand the damaging process during earthquakes. A very precise time-frequency representation, the reassigned smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville method, allowed us to follow the variation of the Millikan Library (California) and the Grenoble City Hall building (France) resonance frequencies during earthquakes. Under strong motions, a quick frequency drop, attributed to damage of
Clotaire Michel; Philippe Gu�guen
This presentation emphasizes the dualism of natural resources exploitation and economic growth versus geomechanical pollution and risks of human-triggered earthquakes. Large-scale geoengineering activities, e.g., mining, reservoir impoundment, oil\\/gas production, water exploitation or fluid injection, alter pre-existing lithostatic stress states in the earth's crust and are anticipated to trigger earthquakes. Such processes of in- situ stress alteration are termed geomechanical pollution.
C. D. Klose
A Structure for Systems Engineering Research
This paper discusses the need for the development of a theoretical framework for Systems Engineering to facilitate recognition of Systems Engineering as a discipline and to provide a fundamental basis for advancing the practice of Systems Engineering. Systems Engineering concerns the development of systems that satisfy the real needs of those who call for the systems to be created. Such
Timothy L. J. Ferris; Stephen C. Cook; Eric C. Honour
Earthquakes in Your State
This activity is part of Planet Diary and is an online investigation of where earthquakes occur. Students research past earthquakes to see if any have occurred in their region. This activity has an accompanying page of websites for further research.
Engineering Research Division publication report, calendar year 1980
Each year the Engineering Research Division of the Electronics Engineering Department at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory has issued an internal report listing all formal publications produced by the Division during the calendar year. Abstracts of 1980 reports are presented.
Miller, E.K.; Livingston, P.L.; Rae, D.C. (eds.)
EPA Science Inventory
The mission of the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory is to advance the understanding, development and application of engineering solutions for the prevention or reduction of risks from environmental contamination. his mission is accomplished through basic and applied research...
New Trends in Combustion Research for Gas Turbine Engines.
Research on combustion is being conducted to provide improved analytical models of complex flow and chemical reaction processes which occur in the combustor of gas turbine engines, in order to enable engine manufacturers to reduce the development time of ...
E. J. Mularz
Engineering Research Division report on reports: calendar year 1979. [LLL
A bibliography of publications of members of the Engineering Research Division of the Electronics Engineering Department is presented for 1979. Abstracts for 148 publications are included, along with author and keywork indexes. (RWR)
Gardner, C.L.; Johnston, S.J. (eds.)
Researchers, other experts examine climate engineering issues
The feasibility of deliberately engineering Earth's climate--and the social, economic, political, and ethical issues raised by such projects--were explored by two panels at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), held in late February in San Francisco. These projects include dispersal of sulfate particles in the stratosphere to reflect sunlight, fertilizing the southern oceans with iron to stimulate phytoplankton growth, and injecting ethane or propane into the stratosphere over Antarctica to counteract ozone-depleting chemical reactions. The feasibility of such projects was the focus of the first panel. Joyce E. Penner, of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, describes studies of natural and anthropogenic sulfate aerosols that suggest that these chemical species reduce the solar flux reaching the Earth's surface. The research indicates it might be possible to counteract greenhouse warming, at least in part, by injecting sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere. Should such an approach be used to counteract greenhouse warming Should any climate engineering project be considered These sorts of questions were the focus of the second panel.
Baum, R.
The effects of earthquake measurement concepts and magnitude anchoring on individuals' perceptions of earthquake risk
The purpose of this research is to explore earthquake risk perceptions in California. Specifically, we examine the risk beliefs, feelings, and experiences of lay, professional, and expert individuals to explore how risk is perceived and how risk perceptions are formed relative to earthquakes. Our results indicate that individuals tend to perceptually underestimate the degree that earthquake (EQ) events may affect them. This occurs in large part because individuals' personal felt experience of EQ events are generally overestimated relative to experienced magnitudes. An important finding is that individuals engage in a process of "cognitive anchoring" of their felt EQ experience towards the reported earthquake magnitude size. The anchoring effect is moderated by the degree that individuals comprehend EQ magnitude measurement and EQ attenuation. Overall, the results of this research provide us with a deeper understanding of EQ risk perceptions, especially as they relate to individuals' understanding of EQ measurement and attenuation concepts. ?? 2005, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
Celsi, R.; Wolfinbarger, M.; Wald, D.
Earthquake in the Classroom
Students learn how engineers construct buildings to withstand damage from earthquakes by building their own structures with toothpicks and marshmallows. Students test how earthquake-proof their buildings are by testing them on an earthquake simulated in a pan of Jell-O®.
Integrated Teaching And Learning Program
Anomalous record of October 15, 1979, Imperial Valley, California, earthquake from Coachella Canal Engine House No. 4
A recording obtained at the Coachella Canal Engine House No. 4 of the October 15, 1979, Imperial Valley earthquake shows a dominant 2 Hz frequency. This feature is very unusual and an attempt has been made to determine if the recording is real or spurious. As the pumping station is a small heavily constructed bunker type of structure located on material of low shear wave velocity it was considered likely that soil-structure interaction might be responsible for the 2 Hz component. However, both an experimental and theoretical investigation fail to establish this. This report describes the theoretical investigation. The experimental investigation is described in a separate open-file report.
Bycroft, G. N.
Engineering complex systems: implications for research in systems engineering
A discussion of the scope of systems engineering, which seems to cover everything and therefore, in a way, to cover nothing. Systems engineering crosses the boundaries of other disciplines. It is the exploration, understanding, and design of how everything fits together.
William B. Rouse
Making usability engineering happen: Center for Usability Research & Engineering (CURE)
CURE is an usability organization active in a variety of national and international initiatives and projects. The whole usability engineering cycle is covered and a wide range of application domains is supported. In particular the integration of usability engineering in day to day development is a major challenge.
Verena Giller; Manfred Tscheligi
Research in software engineering: an analysis of the literature
In this paper, we examine the state of software engineering (SE) research from the point of view of the following research questions:1.What topics do SE researchers address?2.What research approaches do SE researchers use?3.What research methods do SE researchers use?4.On what reference disciplines does SE research depend?5.At what levels of analysis do SE researchers conduct research?To answer those questions, we examined
Robert L. Glass; Iris Vessey; Venkataraman Ramesh
Special Issue "Impact of Natural Hazards on Urban Areas and Infrastructure" in the Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
This special issue includes selected papers on the topic of earthquake impact from the sessions held in 2004 in Nice, France and in 2005 in Vienna, Austria at the first and respectivelly the second European Geosciences Union General Assembly. Since its start in 1999, in the Hague, Netherlands, the hazard of earthquakes has been the most popular of the session. The respective calls in 2004 was for: Nature's forces including earthquakes, floods, landslides, high winds and volcanic eruptions can inflict losses to urban settlements and man-made structures such as infrastructure. In Europe, recent years have seen such significant losses from earthquakes in south and south-eastern Europe, floods in central Europe, and wind storms in western Europe. Meanwhile, significant progress has been made in understanding disasters. Several scientific fields contribute to a holistic approach in the evaluation of capacities, vulnerabilities and hazards, the main factors on mitigating urban disasters due to natural hazards. An important part of the session is devoted to assessment of earthquake shaking and loss scenarios, including both physical damage and human causalities. Early warning and rapid damage evaluation are of utmost importance for addressing the safety of many essential facilities, for emergency management of events and for disaster response. In case of earthquake occurrence strong motion networks, data processing and interpretation lead to preliminary estimation (scenarios) of geographical distribution of damages. Factual information on inflicted damage, like those obtained from shaking maps or aerial imagery permit a confrontation with simulation maps of damage in order to define a more accurate picture of the overall losses. Most recent developments towards quantitative and qualitative simulation of natural hazard impacts on urban areas, which provide decision-making support for urban disaster management, and success stories of and lessons learned from disaster mitigation will be presented. The session includes contributions showing methodological and modelling approaches from scientists in geophysical/seismological, hydrological, remote sensing, civil engineering, insurance, and urbanism, amongst other fields, as well as presentations from practitioners working on specific case studies, regarding analysis of recent events and their impact on cities as well as re-evaluation of past events from the point of view of long-time recovery. In 2005 it was called for: Most strategies for both preparedness and emergency management in case of disaster mitigation are related to urban planning. While natural, engineering and social sciences contribute to the evaluation of the impact of earthquakes and their secondary events (including tsunamis, earthquake triggered landslides, or fire), floods, landslides, high winds, and volcanic eruptions on urban areas, there are the instruments of urban planning which are to be employed for both visualisation as well as development and implementation of strategy concepts for pre- and postdisaster intervention. The evolution of natural systems towards extreme conditions is taken into consideration so far at it concerns the damaging impact on urban areas and infrastructure and the impact on the natural environment of interventions to reduce such damaging impact.
Bostenaru Dan, M.
Update on Engine Combustion Research at Sandia National Laboratories
The objectives of this paper are to describe the research efforts in diesel engine combustion at Sandia National Laboratories' Combustion Research Facility and to provide recent experimental results. We have four diesel engine experiments supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies: a one-cylinder version of a Cummins heavy-duty engine, a diesel simulation facility, a one-cylinder Caterpillar engine to evaluate combustion of alternative fuels, and a homogeneous-charge, compression ignition (HCCI) engine. Recent experimental results of diesel combustion research will be discussed and a description will be given of our HCCI experimental program and of our HCCI modeling work.
Jay Keller; Gurpreet Singh
Role of WEGENER (World Earthquake GEodesy Network for Environmental Hazard Research) in monitoring natural hazards (Invited)
WEGENER was originally the acronym for Working Group of European Geoscientists for the Establishment of Networks for Earth-science Research. It was founded in March 1981 in response to an appeal delivered at the Journ�es Luxembourgeoises de Geodynamique in December 1980 to respond with a coordinated European proposal to a NASA Announcement of Opportunity inviting participation in the Crustal Dynamics and Earthquake Research Program. WEGENER, during the past 33 years, has always kept a close contact with the Agencies and Institutions responsible for the development and maintenance of the global space geodetic networks with the aim to make them aware of the scientific needs and outcomes of the project which might have an influence on the general science policy trends. WEGENER served as Inter-commission Project 3.2, between Commission 1 and Commission 3, of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) until 2012. Since then, WEGENER project has become the Sub-commission 3.5 of IAG commission 3, namely Tectonics and Earthquake Geodesy. In this presentation, we briefly review the accomplishments of WEGENER as originally conceived and outline and justify the new focus of the WEGENER consortium. The remarkable and rapid evolution of the present state of global geodetic monitoring in regard to the precision of positioning capabilities (and hence deformation) and global coverage, the development of InSAR for monitoring strain with unprecedented spatial resolution, and continuing and planned data from highly precise satellite gravity and altimetry missions, encourage us to shift principal attention from mainly monitoring capabilities by a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic techniques to applying existing observational methodologies to the critical geophysical phenomena that threaten our planet and society. Our new focus includes developing an improved physical basis to mitigate earthquake, tsunami, and volcanic risks, and the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate change (sea level, ice degradation). In addition, expanded applications of space geodesy to atmospheric studies will remain a major focus with emphasis on ionospheric and tropospheric monitoring to support forecasting extreme events. Towards these ends, we will encourage and foster interdisciplinary, integrated initiatives to develop a range of case studies for these critical problems. Geological studies are needed to extend geodetic deformation studies to geologic time scales, and new modeling approaches will facilitate full exploitation of expanding geodetic databases. In light of this new focus, the WEGENER acronym now represents, 'World Earthquake GEodesy Network for Environmental Hazard Research.
Ozener, H.; Zerbini, S.; Bastos, M. L.; Becker, M. H.; Meghraoui, M.; Reilinger, R. E.
Genetically Engineered Mouse Models in Cancer Research
Mouse models of human cancer have played a vital role in understanding tumorigenesis and answering experimental questions that other systems cannot address. Advances continue to be made that allow better understanding of the mechanisms of tumor development, and therefore the identification of better therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. We review major advances that have been made in modeling cancer in the mouse and specific areas of research that have been explored with mouse models. For example, although there are differences between mice and humans, new models are able to more accurately model sporadic human cancers by specifically controlling timing and location of mutations, even within single cells. As hypotheses are developed in human and cell culture systems, engineered mice provide the most tractable and accurate test of their validity in vivo. For example, largely through the use of these models, the microenvironment has been established to play a critical role in tumorigenesis, since tumor development and the interaction with surrounding stroma can be studied as both evolve. These mouse models have specifically fueled our understanding of cancer initiation, immune system roles, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, and the relevance of molecular diversity observed among human cancers. Currently, these models are being designed to facilitate in vivo imaging to track both primary and metastatic tumor development from much earlier stages than previously possible. Finally, the approaches developed in this field to achieve basic understanding are emerging as effective tools to guide much needed development of treatment strategies, diagnostic strategies, and patient stratification strategies in clinical research.
Walrath, Jessica C.; Hawes, Jessica J.; Van Dyke, Terry; Reilly, Karlyne M.
Engineering Control of Occupational Safety and Health Hazards: Recommendations for Improving Engineering Practice, Education, and Research.
This document is based on a series of workshops conducted to improve engineering practice, education, and research in the field of occupational safety and health. Included are (1) a brief historical review of of occupational safety and health engineering,...
C. E. Billings J. E. Peterson M. W. First R. L. Harris
Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers Volume 23, Number 4, July 2000. Special Issue: Chi-Chi Earthquake.
Contents: Damage to Hydraulic Facilities from the Chi-Chi (Taiwan) Earthquake; Damage to Buried Water Supply Pipelines in the Chi-Chi (Taiwan) Earthquake and A Preliminary Evaluation of Seismic Resistance of Pipe Joints; Identification of Earthquake Damag...
C. T. Liou
Research highlights in engineering sciences, fiscal year 1982
The Engineering Sciences Directorate of the Los Alamos National Laboratory is responsible for developing and maintaining the engineering science resources needed to perform Laboratory programs and to establish expertise in new scientific, engineering, and technical areas of interest to the Laboratory. Highlights from several research efforts carried out in FY 1981 by the Engineering Sciences Divisions at Los Alamos are described. The diversity of these efforts illustrates the variety of research being conducted within the Directorate in support of programs and under the auspices of the Laboratory Director's supporting research and development program. Research on the following subjects is summarized: nuclear reactors; magnetic fusion; explosives; computing systems; electronics; and systems analysis.
Research on the Relation between Anomalous Infrasonic waves and several Earthquakes
It is well known that earthquakes can generate infrasound signals often detected by infrasound monitoring system. Some of the observations suggest that infrasound with a typical frequency of a few Hz can be generated by vibrating ground surface and propagate at distances of a few thousands kilometers from an earthquake epicenter. In order to receive the anomalous infrasonic waves before earthquakes, we have built three infrasonic monitoring stations in Beijing. And atmospheric pressure is parallel observing at the same time. At first, two infrasonic monitoring equipment was putted in the same station. The data was observed from them has a very good correlation, this means that the performance of the instruments is good. After half a year, three instruments were putted in different stations. Large amounts of data have been acquired and lots of anomalous information has been found before earthquakes, such as Lushan 7.0 earthquake, Okhotsk 8.0 earthquake and Nantou 6.7 earthquake. The anomalous data before three earthquakes is about 7-8days before each earthquake. Moreover, the co-seismic infrasonic waves have been received, which is the similar to seismic wave, so we can know where the earthquake happened through co-seismic infrasonic waves. Using this method, we can inference where the next earthquake will be happened according to the anomalous information. we developed an infrasound generation model for a so-called slow earthquake to show that such kind of earthquake can generate long-period acoustic-gravity waves often observed several days prior to the strong earthquakes. With this model the atmospheric pressure perturbations generated by slow earthquake were calculated, and the occurrence of low frequencies and high amplitudes in the observed signal was explained. A consistency between the results of simulation and observation data indicates that slow earthquake may be a possible source of atmospheric pressure oscillations observed prior to strong earthquakes.
Zhang, B.
FY10 Engineering Innovations, Research and Technology Report
This report summarizes key research, development, and technology advancements in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Engineering Directorate for FY2010. These efforts exemplify Engineering's nearly 60-year history of developing and applying the technology innovations needed for the Laboratory's national security missions, and embody Engineering's mission to ''Enable program success today and ensure the Laboratory's vitality tomorrow.'' Leading off the report is a
S M Aceves; C N Paulson; J V Candy; C V Bennett; K Carlisle; D C Chen; D A White; J V Bernier; M A Puso; T H Weisgraber; B Corey; J I Lin; E K Wheeler; A M Conway; J D Kuntz; C M Spadaccini; D A Dehlinger; J Kotovsky; R Nikolic; R P Mariella; A K Foudray; V Tang; B L Guidry; B M Ng; T D Lemmond; B Y Chen; C A Meyers; T L Houck
FY04 Engineering Technology Reports Laboratory Directed Research and Development
This report summarizes the science and technology research and development efforts in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Engineering Directorate for FY2004, and exemplifies Engineering's more than 50-year history of developing the technologies needed to support the Laboratory's missions. Engineering has been a partner in every major program and project at the Laboratory throughout its existence and has prepared for this role
The Use of Web Search Engines in Information Science Research.
Reviews the literature on the use of Web search engines in information science research, including: ways users interact with Web search engines; social aspects of searching; structure and dynamic nature of the Web; link analysis; other bibliometric applications; characterizing information on the Web; search engine evaluation and improvement; and�
Bar-Ilan, Judit
Thrust Area Report, Engineering Research, Development and Technology
The mission of the Engineering Research, Development, and Technology Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is to develop the knowledge base, process technologies, specialized equipment, tools and facilities to support current and future LLNL programs. Engineering`s efforts are guided by a strategy that results in dual benefit: first, in support of Department of Energy missions, such as national security
Engineering Research, Development and Technology, FY95: Thrust area report
The mission of the Engineering Research, Development, and Technology Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is to develop the knowledge base, process technologies, specialized equipment, tools and facilities to support current and future LLNL programs. Engineering`s efforts are guided by a strategy that results in dual benefit: first, in support of Department of Energy missions, such as national security through nuclear deterrence; and second, in enhancing the nation`s economic competitiveness through their collaboration with US industry in pursuit of the most cost-effective engineering solutions to LLNL programs. To accomplish this mission, the Engineering Research, Development, and Technology Program has two important goals: (1) identify key technologies relevant to LLNL programs where they can establish unique competencies, and (2) conduct high-quality research and development to enhance their capabilities and establish themselves as the world leaders in these technologies. To focus Engineering`s efforts, technology thrust areas are identified and technical leaders are selected for each area. The thrust areas are comprised of integrated engineering activities, staffed by personnel from the nine electronics and mechanical engineering divisions, and from other LLNL organizations. This annual report, organized by thrust area, describes Engineering`s activities for fiscal year 1995. The report provides timely summaries of objectives methods, and key results from eight thrust areas: computational electronics and electromagnetics; computational mechanics; microtechnology; manufacturing technology; materials science and engineering; power conversion technologies; nondestructive evaluation; and information engineering.
AiResearch QCGAT engine, airplane, and nacelle design features
The quiet, clean, general aviation turbofan engine and nacelle system was designed and tested. The engine utilized the core of the AiResearch model TFE731-3 engine and incorporated several unique noise- and emissions-reduction features. Components that were successfully adapted to this core include the fan, gearbox, combustor, low-pressure turbine, and associated structure. A highly versatile workhorse nacelle incorporating interchangeable acoustic and hardwall duct liners, showed that large-engine attenuation technology could be applied to small propulsion engines. The application of the mixer compound nozzle demonstrated both performance and noise advantages on the engine. Major performance, emissions, and noise goals were demonstrated.
Heldenbrand, R. W.
1983 Borah Peak Earthquake and INEL (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory) Structural Performance.
At 8:06 a.m. Mountain Daylight Time on October 28, 1983 an earthquake registering 7.3 on the Richter Magnitude scale occurred about 30 km northwest of the town of Mackay, in central Idaho. This report describes the event and associated effects and the res...
V. W. Gorman R. C. Guenzler
A research agenda for academic petroleum engineering programs
The development of a research agenda should be a direct way of portraying the scope of petroleum engineering, of identifying the critical technological issues faced by the profession,of elucidating the gaps between the existing research resources and the needs. and of outlining a program of research through which the petroleum engineering departments can be collectively of maximum service. Such an agenda would be of value to the profession of petroleum engineering, to industry and to government agencies, as well as to the faculty and students of the petroleum engineering departments. The purposes of the activity that led to this report, therefore, were to develop a statement to serve as a beginning research agenda for the petroleum engineering academic community; to bring together representatives of the petroleum engineering academic community to recognize the importance of developing a consensus posture with respect to research; and to provide a document that will assist in portraying to industry, government agencies and others the problems and needs of the petroleum engineering departments for conducting research. Contents of this report include; introduction; the background; the scope of petroleum engineering research; priority research topics and technological issues; non-technological research issues; and conclusions and recommendations.
Calhoun, J.C. Jr.
A research agenda for academic petroleum engineering programs. [Final report
ORNL Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center (FEERC)
This video highlights the Vehicle Research Laboratory's capabilities at the Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center (FEERC). FEERC is a Department of Energy user facility located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Small Gas Turbine Engine Component Technology Regenerator Research.
This report completes the research conducted on the regenerator section of Advancement of Small Gas Turbine Engine Component Technology. Work conducted by the Boeing Company under this task also included research on high-temperature turbine materials and ...
A. J. Wheeler H. R. Dolf V. J. Klein J. Acurio
Implementation plan for engineering research, development and demonstration
This document contains information on the planned implementation of the EMF RAPID Program`s engineering activities. It describes the approach and specific projects required to achieve the goals laid out in the EMF Engineering Research component of the Research Agenda and Communication Plan. In addition to efforts funded by the RAPID Program, ongoing quality assurance and dosimetry research currently funded by the DOE EMF Biological Mechanisms Research Program are considered essential to achieving the goals of the RAPID Program.
Research for Stakeholders: Delivering the ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario to Golden Guardian Emergency Exercise Planners
The ShakeOut Scenario of a magnitude 7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault was developed to fit needs of end users, particularly emergency managers at Federal, State, and local levels. Customization has continued after initial publication. The Scenario, a collaboration among some 300 experts in physical and social sciences, engineering, and industry, was released in May, 2008, to a key planning conference for the November 2008 Golden Guardian Exercise series. According to long-standing observers, the 2008 exercise is the most ambitious of their experience. The scientific foundation has attracted a large number of participants and there are already requests to continue use of the Scenario in 2009. Successful exercises cover a limited range of capabilities, in order to test performance in measurable ways, and to train staff without overwhelming them. Any one exercise would fail if it attempted to capture the complexity of impacts from a major earthquake. Instead, exercise planners have used the Scenario like a magnifying glass to identify risk and capabilities most critical to their own jurisdictions. Presentations by Scenario scientists and a 16-page narrative provided an initial overview. However, many planners were daunted in attempts to extract details from a 300-page report, 12 supplemental studies, and 10 appendices, or in attempts to cast the reality into straightforward events to drive successful exercises. Thus we developed an evolving collection of documents, presentations, and consultations that included impacts to specific jurisdictions; distillations of damages and consequences; and annotated lists of capabilities and situations to consider. Some exercise planners needed realistic extrapolations beyond posited damages; others sought reality checks; yet others needed new formats or perspectives. Through all this, it was essential to maintain flexibility, assisting planners to adjust findings where appropriate, while indicating why some results could not be changed. The results of these efforts have been exercises that use a richer set of scientific findings; planners and participants with a broader understanding of the regional impacts of a major earthquake; and for future scenarists, increased insight into emergency management application of hazard science results, and into the value of ongoing engagement with stakeholders.
Perry, S. C.; Holbrook, C. C.
Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC)
... centers in materials research. MRSECs address fundamental materials research topics of intellectual ... in materials research. II. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION MRSECs are supported by NSF to undertake materials ...
Storytelling in Engineering Education. Research Brief
The Institute for Scholarship on Engineering Education (ISEE) team of the Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education, designed and implemented a 120 minute interactive session called "Communities In Practice--What Are We Learning?" for the 2006 Frontiers in Education Conference in Indianapolis. Six story posters were provided by 8�
Adams, Robin; Allendoerfer, Cheryl; Smith, Tori Rhoulac; Socha, David; Williams, Dawn; Yasuhara, Ken
Experimental Research Progress of the VASIMR Engine
The Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory (ASPL) of NASA's Johnson Space Center is performing research on a Variable Specific Impulse MagnetoPlasma Rocket (VASIMR). The VASIMR is a high power, radio frequency (RF) driven magnetoplasma rocket, capable of very high exhaust velocities, > 100 km/s. In addition, its unique architecture allows in- flight mission-optimization of thrust and specific impulse to enhance performance and reduce trip time. A NASA-led research team involving industry, academia and government facilities is pursuing the development of this concept in the United States. The ASPL's experimental research focuses on three major areas: helicon plasma production, ion cyclotron resonant acceleration (ICRA) and plasma expansion in a magnetic nozzle. The VASIMR experiment (VX-10) performs experimental research that demonstrates the thruster concept at a total RF power on the order of 10 kW. A flexible four- magnet system, with a 1.3 Tesla maximum magnetic field strength, is computer controlled to study axial magnetic field profile shape effects. Power generated at 10 - 50 MHz with about 5 kW is used to perform helicon plasma source development. A 3 MHz RF transmitter capable of 100 kW is available for ICRA experiments. The primary diagnostics are: gas mass flow controllers, RF input power, Langmuir probes, Mach probe, retarding potential analyzers (RPA), microwave interferometer, neutral pressure measurements and plasma light emission. In addition, many thermocouples are attached inside the vacuum chamber to measure heat loads around the plasma discharge. Helicon research so far has been done with hydrogen, deuterium, helium, nitrogen, argon, xenon and mixtures of these gases. Optimization studies have been performed with the magnetic field axial profile shape, gas flow rate, gas tube geometry and RF frequency. The highest performing discharges are found with a high magnetic field choke downstream of the helicon antenna. Upwards of a 40% gas utilization is measured. We measure high flow velocities (> ion sound speed) in the exhaust section after the magnetic choke and the velocity increases with the choke field strength. A strong interaction between the neutral gas and the plasma is observed with measurements in the source region, indicating the possible and desirable acceleration of neutrals by the charge exchange process. Heating profiles on the helicon gas tube indicate plasma production profiles. Highlights of the helicon optimization and measurements will be presented and discussed. ICRA experiments have begun, primarily using a helium helicon discharge as a target. Over 4 kW of power has been applied using a simple antenna array. We observe significant effects, plasma density and energy increase, when applying the power near the second harmonic of the helium ion in the magnetic field. These experiments are recent, so further studies and measurements are in progress. The latest results will be highlighted. Plasma flow measurements in the expanding magnetic field of the exhaust are in progress. Some highlights will be discussed, but more of the recent data are presented in another paper in this session.1 REFERENCES 1. Bering, III, EA, et al. "Ion Dynamics and ICRH Heating in the Exhaust Plasma of The VASIMR Engine", 53rd IAC, this session.
Squire, J. P.; D�az, F. R. Chang; Jacobson, V. T.; McCaskill, G. E.; Winter, D. S.
Research program on Indonesian active faults to support the national earthquake hazard assesments
In mid 2010 an Indonesian team of earthquake scientists published the new Indonesian probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) map. The new PSHA map replaced the previous version that is published in 2002. One of the major challenges in developing the new map is that data for many active fault zones in Indonesia is sparse and mapped only at regional scale, thus the input fault parameters for the PSHA introduce unavoidably large uncertainties. Despite the fact that most Indonesian islands are torn by active faults, only Sumatra has been mapped and studied in sufficient details. In other areas, such as Java and Bali, the most populated regions as well as in the east Indonesian region, where tectonic plate configurations are far more complex and relative plate motions are generally higher, many major active faults and plate boundaries are not well mapped and studied. In early 2011, we have initiated a research program to study major active faults in Indonesia together with starting a new graduate study program, GREAT (Graduate Research for Earthquake and Active Tectonics), hosted by ITB (Institute of Technology bandung) and LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) in partnership with the Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction (AIFDR). The program include acquisition of high-resolution topography and images required for detailed fault mapping, measuring geological slip rates and locating good sites for paleoseismological studies. It is also coupled by seismological study and GPS surveys to measure geodetic slip rates. To study submarine active faults, we collect and incorporate bathymetry and marine geophysical data. The research will be carried out, in part, through masters and Ph.D student theses. in the first four year of program we select several sites for active fault studies, particulary the ones that pose greater risks to society.
Natawidjaja, D. H.
Design of a preprototype Stirling Laboratory Research Engine
A description is given for the design and fabrication of a first generation, preprototype Stirling Laboratory Research Engine. The engine represents the first step in providing a research tool to be used to support the development of a broad range of analytical modeling and experimental efforts, and to evaluate new approaches to the design of components for Stirling engines. The test engine is a horizontally-opposed, two-piston, single-acting machine with a dual crankshaft drive mechanism. The preprototype engine is rated at 10 kW and was designed for maximum modularity. The long term objective of the project is to provide a proven design of a standardized test engine, which can be commercially produced, for national research on Stirling cycle machines.
Hoehn, F. W.; Mcdougal, A. R.
Proceedings of the eighth world conference on earthquake engineering. Volume 3
This book presents the papers given at a conference on the seismic effects of earthquakes. Topics considered at the conference included the probabilistic analysis of seismic safety against liquefaction, uncertainty in soil-structure interaction analysis of a nuclear power plant due to different analytical techniques, an investigation of soil-structure interactions using the NUPEC large vibration table, deep foundations, underground structures, embankment dams, and soil mechanics.
Proceedings of the Fifth National Seismic Conference on Bridges and Highways: Innovations in Earthquake Engineering for Highway Structures Held September 18-20, 2006.
This CD-ROM contains nearly 80 technical papers and over 20 posters presented under the theme of 'Innovations in Earthquake Engineering for Highway Structures' at the Fifth National Seismic Conference on Bridges and Highways. Held September 18-20, 2006 in...
Stirling engine research at national and university laboratories in Japan
Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) reviewed research projects that are related to the development of Stirling engines and that are under way at Japanese national laboratories and universities. The research and development focused on component rather than on whole engine development. PNL obtained the information from a literature review and interviews conducted at the laboratories and universities. The universities have less equipment available and operate with smaller staffs for research than do the laboratories. In particular, the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory and the Aerospace Laboratory conduct high-quality component and fundamental work. Despite having less equipment, some of the researchers at the universities conduct high-quality fundamental research. As is typical in Japan, several of the university professors are very active in consulting and advisory capacities to companies engaged in Stirling engine development, and also with government and association advisory and technical committees. Contacts with these professors and selective examination of their research are good ways to keep abreast of Japanese Stirling developments.
Hane, G.J.; Hutchinson, R.A.
East coast earthquake
Shaking from a 23 August magnitude 5.8 earthquake that occurred in the Central Virginia Seismic Zone 135 kilometers southwest of Washington, D. C., was recorded all the way from Georgia to New England, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The earthquake caused property damage near the epicenter and also damage to a number of other structures including the Washington Monument and Washington National Cathedral. There was no damage to the AGU headquarters building in downtown Washington, according to building engineer Matthew Boyd. The strongest earthquake ever recorded in Virginia was a magnitude 5.9 quake in 1897. For more information, see http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/.
Showstack, Randy
Engineering therapeutic processes: from research to commodity
Three of the most important forces driving medical care are: patient specificity, treatment specificity and the move from discovery to design. Engineers while trained in specificity, efficiency, and design are often not trained in either biology or medical processes. Yet they are increasing critical to medical care. For example, modern medical imaging at US hospitals generates 1 exabyte (10^18 bytes) of data per year clearly beyond unassisted human analysis. It is not desirable to involve engineers in the acquisition, storage and analysis of this data, it is essential. While in the past we have nibbled around the edges of medical care, it is time and perhaps past time to insert ourselves more squarely into medical processes, making them more efficient, more specific and more robust. This requires engineers who understand biology and physicians who are willing to step away from classic medical thinking to try new approaches. But once the idea is proven in a laboratory, it must move into use and then into common practice. This requires additional engineering to make the process robust to noisy data and imprecise practices as well as workflow analysis to get the new technique into operating and treatment rooms. True innovation and true translation will require physicians, engineers, other medical stakeholders and even corporate involvement to take a new, important idea and move it not just to a patient but to all patients.
Galloway, Robert L.
The Central and Eastern European Earthquake Research Network - CE3RN
The region of the Central and Eastern Europe is an area characterised by a relatively high seismicity. The active seismogenic structures and the related potentially destructive events are located in the proximity of the political boundaries between several countries existing in the area. An example is the seismic region between the NE Italy (FVG, Trentino-Alto Adige and Veneto), Austria (Tyrol, Carinthia) and Slovenia. So when a destructive earthquake occurs in the area, all the three countries are involved. In the year 2001 the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Slovenia, the Department of Mathematics and Geoscience of the University of Trieste (DMG), the OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Italy and the Zentralanstalt f�r Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Austria signed an agreement for the real-time seismological data exchange in the Southeastern Alps region. Soon after the Interreg IIIa Italia-Austria projects "Trans-National Seismological Networks in the South-Eastern Alps" and "FASTLINK" started. The main goal of these projects was the creation of a transfrontier network for the common seismic monitoring of the region for scientific and civil defense purposes. During these years the high quality data recorded by the transfrontier network has been used, by the involved institutions, for their scientific research, for institutional activities and for the civil defense services. Several common international projects have been realized with success. The instrumentation has been continuously upgraded, the installations quality improved as well as the data transmission efficiency. In the 2013 ARSO, DMG, OGS and ZAMG decided to name the cooperative network "Central and Eastern European Earthquake Research Network - CE3RN". The national/regional seismic networks actually involved in the CE3RN network are: � Austrian national BB network (ZAMG - OE) � Friuli Veneto SP network (OGS - FV) � Friuli VG accelerometric network (DMG - RF) � NE Italy BB Network, (OGS & DMG - NI) � Slovene national BB network (ARSO -SL) � South Tyrol BB Network, (ZAMG - SI) � HAREIA strong motion stations, (ZAMG & DMG - HA) Starting from the 2001, the CE3RN represents an excellent example of international high quality research infrastructure and the starting point for the enlargement of the transfrontier network to all countries and their seismological institutions of the Central and Eastern Europe region. Furthermore, one of the main goals of the CE3RN is to intensify the cooperation between these institutions through common research activities and preparation of common international projects. The characteristics of the CE3RN will be described along with the examples of some research results and of common projects realized during the first 13 years of network activity.
Bragato, Pier Luigi; Costa, Giovanni; Gallo, Antonella; Gosar, Andrej; Horn, Nikolaus; Lenhardt, Wolfgang; Mucciarelli, Marco; Pesaresi, Damiano; Steiner, Rudolf; Suhadolc, Peter; Tiberi, Lara; �iv?i?, Mladen; Zopp�, Giuliana
Steam engine research for solar parabolic dish
The parabolic dish solar concentrator provides an opportunity to generate high grade energy in a modular system. Most of the capital is projected to be in the dish and its installation. Assurance of a high production demand of a standard dish could lead to dramatic cost reductions. High production volume in turn depends upon maximum application flexibility by providing energy output options, e.g., heat, electricity, chemicals and combinations thereof. Subsets of these options include energy storage and combustion assist. A steam engine design and experimental program is described which investigate the efficiency potential of a small 25 kW compound reheat cycle piston engine. An engine efficiency of 35 percent is estimated for a 700 C steam temperature from the solar receiver.
Demler, R. L.
Heat engine regenerators: Research status and needs
The rapidly oscillating, variable density flows of regenerative heat engines provide a class of poorly understood unsteady flow and heat transfer problems. These problems are not currently amenable to direct experimental resolution. Experiences in engine development and test programs and efforts to develop analysis tools point to the regenerator as a key area of insufficient understanding. Focusing on flow and heat transfer in regenerators, this report discusses similarity parameters for the flows and reviews the experimental data currently available for Stirling analysis. Then a number of experimental results are presented from recent fundamental fluid mechanical and thermal investigations that shed additional light on the functioning of heat engine regenerators. Suggestions are made for approaches for further measurement and analysis efforts.
Hutchinson, R.A.
2007 Plant Metabolic Engineering Gordon Conference and Graduate Research Seminar
Plant Metabolic Engineering is an emerging field that integrates a diverse range of disciplines including plant genetics, genomics, biochemistry, chemistry and cell biology. The Gordon-Kenan Graduate Research Seminar (GRS) in Plant Metabolic Engineering was initiated to provide a unique opportunity for future researcher leaders to present their work in this field. It also creates an environment allowing for peer-review and critical assessment of work without the intimidation usually associated with the presence of senior investigators. The GRS immediately precedes the Plant Metabolic Engineering Gordon Research Conference and will be for and by graduate students and post-docs, with the assistance of the organizers listed.
Erich Grotewold
Postseismic Deformation after the 1964 Great Alaskan Earthquake: Collaborative Research with Goddard Space Flight Center
The purpose of this project was to carry out GPS observations on the Kenai Peninsula, southern Alaska, in order to study the postseismic and contemporary deformation following the 1964 Alaska earthquake. All of the research supported in this grant was carried out in collaboration with Dr. Steven Cohen of Goddard Space Flight Center. The research funding from this grant primarily supported GPS fieldwork, along with the acquisition of computer equipment to allow analysis and modeling of the GPS data. A minor amount of salary support was provided by the PI, but the great majority of the salary support was provided by the Geophysical Institute. After the expiration of this grant, additional funding was obtained from the National Science Foundation to continue the work. This grant supported GPS field campaigns in August 1995, June 1996, May-June and September 1997, and May-June 1998. We initially began the work by surveying leveling benchmarks on the Kenai peninsula that had been surveyed after the 1964 earthquake. Changes in height from the 1964 leveling data to the 1995+ GPS data, corrected for the geoid-ellipsoid separation, give the total elevation change since the earthquake. Beginning in 1995, we also identified or established sites that were suitable for long-term surveying using GPS. In the subsequent annual GPS campaigns, we made regular measurements at these GPS marks, and steadily enhanced our set of points for which cumulative postseismic uplift data were available. From 4 years of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, we find significant spatial variations in present-day deformation between the eastern and western Kenai peninsula, Alaska. Sites in the eastern Kenai peninsula and Prince William Sound move to the NNW relative to North America, in the direction of Pacific-North America relative plate motion. Velocities decrease in magnitude from nearly the full plate rate in southern Prince William Sound to about 30 mm/yr at Seward and to about 5 mm/yr near Anchorage. In contrast, sites in the western Kenai peninsula move to the SW, in a nearly trenchward direction, with a velocity of about 20 mm/yr. The data are consistent with the shallow plate interface offshore and beneath the eastern Kenai and Prince William Sound being completely locked or nearly so, with elastic strain accumulation resulting in rapid motion in the direction of relative plate motion of sites in the overriding plate. The velocities of sites in the western Kenai, along strike to the southwest, are opposite in sign with those predicted from elastic strain accumulation. These data are incompatible with a significant locked region in this segment of the plate boundary. Trenchward velocities are found also for some sites in the Anchorage area. We interpret the trenchward velocities as being caused by a continuing postseismic transient from the 1964 great Alaska earthquake.
Freymueller, Jeffrey T.
The Research of Software Engineering Curriculum Reform
With the problem that software engineering training can�t meet the needs of the community, this paper analysis some outstanding reasons in software engineering curriculum teaching, such as old teaching contents, weak in practice and low quality of teachers etc. We propose the methods of teaching reform as guided by market demand, update the teaching content, optimize the teaching methods, reform the teaching practice, strengthen the teacher-student exchange and promote teachers and students together. We carried out the reform and explore positive and achieved the desired results.
Kuang, Li-Qun; Han, Xie
This report summarizes key research, development, and technology advancements in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Engineering Directorate for FY2010. These efforts exemplify Engineering's nearly 60-year history of developing and applying the technology innovations needed for the Laboratory's national security missions, and embody Engineering's mission to ''Enable program success today and ensure the Laboratory's vitality tomorrow.'' Leading off the report is a section featuring compelling engineering innovations. These innovations range from advanced hydrogen storage that enables clean vehicles, to new nuclear material detection technologies, to a landmine detection system using ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar. Many have been recognized with R&D Magazine's prestigious R&D 100 Award; all are examples of the forward-looking application of innovative engineering to pressing national problems and challenging customer requirements. Engineering's capability development strategy includes both fundamental research and technology development. Engineering research creates the competencies of the future where discovery-class groundwork is required. Our technology development (or reduction to practice) efforts enable many of the research breakthroughs across the Laboratory to translate from the world of basic research to the national security missions of the Laboratory. This portfolio approach produces new and advanced technological capabilities, and is a unique component of the value proposition of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The balance of the report highlights this work in research and technology, organized into thematic technical areas: Computational Engineering; Micro/Nano-Devices and Structures; Measurement Technologies; Engineering Systems for Knowledge Discovery; and Energy Manipulation. Our investments in these areas serve not only known programmatic requirements of today and tomorrow, but also anticipate the breakthrough engineering innovations that will be needed in the future.
Lane, M A; Aceves, S M; Paulson, C N; Candy, J V; Bennett, C V; Carlisle, K; Chen, D C; White, D A; Bernier, J V; Puso, M A; Weisgraber, T H; Corey, B; Lin, J I; Wheeler, E K; Conway, A M; Kuntz, J D; Spadaccini, C M; Dehlinger, D A; Kotovsky, J; Nikolic, R; Mariella, R P; Foudray, A K; Tang, V; Guidry, B L; Ng, B M; Lemmond, T D; Chen, B Y; Meyers, C A; Houck, T L
ENIFAIR � EU research into engine integration on future transport aircraft
Following on from previous EU research programmes, ENIFAIR has extended the study of engine-airframe aerodynamic integration problems to the cases of Very High- and Ultra High-Bypass Ratio engine installations on representative modern aircraft. This article provides an overview of the work carried out and presents examples of the results achieved.
Wolfgang Burgsm�ller; Heinz Hoheisel
Career Pathways of Science, Engineering and Technology Research Postgraduates
Suitably qualified scientists and engineers are essential for research and development, innovation and, in turn, the growth of the economy. Science, engineering and technology skills are therefore necessary for Australia to remain competitive in a global market. This article reports findings from a nationwide study investigating the career�
Giles, Marnie; Ski, Chantal; Vrdoljak, Davorin
Engineering research, development and technology thrust area report FY97
The mission of the Engineering Research, Development, and Technology Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is to develop the knowledge base, process technologies, specialized equipment, tools and facilities to support current and future LLNL programs. Engineering's efforts are guided by a strategy that results in dual benefit: first, in support of Department of Energy missions, such as national security
An analysis of research topics in software engineering - 2006
This paper is the first in a new annual series whose goal is to answer the following question: what are the active research focuses within the field of software engineering? We considered 7 top journals and 7 top international conferences in software engineering and examined all the 691 papers published in these journals or presented at these conferences in 2006.
Kai-yuan Cai; David Card
The 1991 research program (of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering)
The main research activities and programs are overviewed. The following domains are covered: production techniques, production organization, transportation and storage, mechanical engineering automation, design and construction, ergonomics, design in plastics, thermal mechanics, heat transfer and fluid mechanics, biomedical mechanical engineering, materials science, and technical mechanics and tribology.
Operation Research Methodologies in Industrial Engineering: A Survey
This study presents the results of a survey taken among members of the Operations Research Division of the American Institute of Industrial Engineers as to perceived utility and familiarity with twelve methodologies commonly used in Industrial Engineering practice. A modification to the method of majority rule for weighting the opinions of respondents, based upon their degree of familiarity or expertise,
Robert E. Shannon; S. Scott Long; Billy P. Buckles
Value of Systems Engineering - SECOE Research Project Progress Report
This paper is a progress report on the results of a SECOE research project to collect and ana- lyze data that describes project cost, schedule, and qual- ity with systems engineering cost and quality. The original hypotheses to be tested are that (a) at low lev- els, increasing systems engineering effort results in better project quality, and (b) there is
Eric Honour; Brian Mar
Special session - linking research findings on engineering student learning and engineering teaching: Implications for engineering education
The goal of this special interactive session is to engage attendees in (1) knitting the results of two linked studies (of engineering undergraduates and engineering faculty) into the larger body of engineering education scholarship and (2) developing ways of thinking about these findings that can be used to inform engineering education program planning and classroom practice. The findings are from
Cynthia Atman; Lorraine Fleming; Deborah Kilgore; Ron Miller; Sheri Sheppard; Karl Smith; Reed Stevens; Ruth Streveler; Jennifer Turns
Flexibility in Research Designs in Empirical Software Engineering
Problem outline: It is common to classify empirical research designs as either qualitative or quantitative. Typically, particular research methods (e.g., case studies, action research, experiments and surveys) are associated with one or the other of these types of design. Studies in empirical software engineering (ESE) are often exploratory and often involve software developers and development organizations. As a consequence, it
Tore Dyb�
Integrating the user into research on engineering design systems
Engineering design research has historically been evaluated in terms of its computational performance. However, in many cases this research implies hypotheses about human behavior which are ignored. In this paper, we argue that the systems emerging from design research will benefit from investigating how people use them to accomplish work, and from the incorporation of principles of Participatory Design (Floyed
Peter Piela; Barbara Katzenberg; Roy McKelvey
Current Directions in Earthquake Engineering Education: The University Consortium on Instructional Shake Tables
Although considering the dynamic behavior of buildings and bridges is of fundamental impor- tance in modern structural design, undergraduate civil engineering students seldom develop an understanding of the way that these structures respond when acted upon by time-varying loads. Because this topic is of great social and economical importance, there is a need in current civil engineering programs to provide
S. J. Dyke; K. Z. Truman; P. L. Gould
Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter.
Presentation on Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter. Topics include: Intellectual capital balance-Globalization of science and technology; A quick look at disruptive technologies; How DTIC can help.
A. Shaffer
Summary of Research 1998, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
This report contains summaries of research projects in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. A list of recent publications is also included which consists of conference presentations and publications, books, contributions to books, publis...
J. B. Knorr M. Tummala
Summary of Research 2000, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
This report contains project summaries of the research projects in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. A list of recent publications is also included, which consists of conference presentations and publications, books, contributions to ...
Mechanical Engineering Research. Quarterly Progress Report, January-March 1982.
The Mechanical Engineering Research (MER) Program is supported by the Weapons Program. The mission of MER is to provide the key mechanical technologies required by the Weapons Program in anticipation of their actual needs. It emphasizes areas in which out...
W. W. Feng
The Emergence of Tissue Engineering as a Research Field
... Emergence of Tissue Engineering as a Research Field October 14, 2003 Prepared for The National ... - View PDF (75 Kb) 4.0 Development of the Field: 1987-2002 - View PDF (126 Kb) 5.0 Who Are the ...
Science and Engineering Research in the 21st Century
... Science Board Science and Engineering Research and Education in the 21st Century A National Science ... Center University of California at Davis National Science Board Arlington, VA 22230 Science and ...
Research into the origins of engineering thermodynamics
This paper draws attention to a series of misconceptions and misstatements regarding the origin and meaning of some of the most basic concepts of engineering thermodynamics. The six examples exhibited in the paper relate to the concepts of reversibility, entropy, mechanical equivalent of the calorie, the first law of thermodynamics for open systems, enthalpy and the Diesel cycle. A complete list of the pioneering references concludes the paper.
Bejan, A.
Resistance Heater Helps Stirling-Engine Research
Stirling engine heater head consists of 18 double-turn coils of tubing, each of which is tightly wrapped with resistance-heating element, through which working gas flows. Coils form a toroid about periphery of heater-head body. With new resistance heater, total circuit resistance can be selected independently of tube geometry by changing size of wires and/or number of wire wraps around each tube.
Hoehn, F. W.
CSEP Earthquake Forecast Testing Center for Japan
One major focus of the next Japanese earthquake prediction research plan 2009-2013 are testable earthquake forecast models. For this purpose, the Earthquake Research Institute joined the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) and installed in an international collaboration a prototype testing center for rigorous evaluation of earthquake forecast models. We report on the implementation of this testing center,
H. Tsuruoka; N. Hirata; D. Schorlemmer; F. Euchner; T. H. Jordan
48 CFR 6.302-3 - Industrial mobilization; engineering, developmental, or research capability; or expert services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
... false Industrial mobilization; engineering, developmental, or research capability...302-3 Industrial mobilization; engineering, developmental, or research capability...To establish or maintain an essential engineering, research, or development...
34 CFR 350.30 - What requirements must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center meet?
...What requirements must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center meet? 350.30 ...CENTERS PROGRAM What Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers Does the Secretary...What requirements must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center meet? A...
34 CFR 350.34 - Which Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers must have an advisory committee?
...2013-07-01 false Which Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers must have an advisory...CENTERS PROGRAM What Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers Does the Secretary Assist? § 350.34 Which Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers must have an...
34 CFR 350.33 - What cooperation requirements must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center meet?
...cooperation requirements must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center meet? 350.33 ...CENTERS PROGRAM What Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers Does the Secretary...cooperation requirements must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center meet? A...
34 CFR 350.31 - What collaboration must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center engage in?
...What collaboration must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center engage in? 350...CENTERS PROGRAM What Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers Does the Secretary...What collaboration must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center engage in? A...
32 CFR Appendix A to Part 555 - Director of Defense Research and Engineering
...false Director of Defense Research and Engineering A Appendix A to Part 555 National...Director of Defense Research and Engineering June 14, 1974. Memorandum for...Departments Director of Defense Research and Engineering Assistant Secretary of Defense...
...What activities must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center conduct? 350.32...CENTERS PROGRAM What Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers Does the Secretary...What activities must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center conduct? A...
75 FR 48411 - Research, Engineering and Development Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting
...Administration Research, Engineering and Development Advisory...meeting of the FAA Research, Engineering and Development (R, E...Committee. Name: Research, Engineering & Development Advisory Committee...present picture ID at the security desk. Members of the...
Recent Developments in U.S. Engine Noise Reduction Research
Aircraft engine noise research in the United States has made considerable progress over the past 10 years for both subsonic and supersonic flight applications. The Advanced Subsonic Technology (AST) Noise Reduction Program started in 1994 and will be completed in 2001 without major changes to program plans and funding levels. As a result, significant progress has been made toward the goal of reducing engine source noise by 6 EPNdB (Effective Perceived Noise level in decibels). This paper will summarize some of the significant accomplishments from the subsonic engine noise research performed over the past 10 years. The review is by no means comprehensive and only represents a sample of major accomplishments.
Bridges, James; Envia, Edmane; Huff, Dennis
Diversity in Engineering Education Research: Insights from Three Study Designs. Research Brief
One research area with particular potential for having impact on engineering education is diversity. Diversity is a significant concern in engineering education, as evidenced by the numerous recent calls to recruit and retain more women and underrepresented minorities into engineering majors and professions. By encouraging educators to think about�
Allendoerfer, Cheryl; Jones, Sharon; Hernandez, Jaime; Bates, Rebecca; Adams, Robin
Research Group Introduction : Mechanical Control Engineering Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Shibaura Institute of Technology
Mechanical Control Engineering Laboratory focuses on the control theory and implementation for the robotic applications. The research themes include network based tele-operation, mobile robots control for network relay, autonomous outdoor mobile robot and biped robot.
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Seismic Safety Margins Research Program. Regional relationships among earthquake magnitude scales
The seismic body-wave magnitude m{sub b} of an earthquake is strongly affected by regional variations in the Q structure, composition, and physical state within the earth. Therefore, because of differences in attenuation of P-waves between the western and eastern United States, a problem arises when comparing m{sub b}'s for the two regions. A regional m/sub b/ magnitude bias exists which, depending on where the earthquake occurs and where the P-waves are recorded, can lead to magnitude errors as large as one-third unit. There is also a significant difference between m{sub b} and M{sub L} values for earthquakes in the western United States. An empirical link between the m{sub b} of an eastern US earthquake and the M{sub L} of an equivalent western earthquake is given by M{sub L} = 0.57 + 0.92(m{sub b}){sub East}. This result is important when comparing ground motion between the two regions and for choosing a set of real western US earthquake records to represent eastern earthquakes. 48 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Chung, D. H.; Bernreuter, D. L.
The 1906 earthquake and a century of progress in understanding earthquakes and their hazards
The 18 April 1906 San Francisco earthquake killed nearly 3000 people and left 225,000 residents homeless. Three days after the earthquake, an eight-person Earthquake Investigation Commission composed of 25 geologists, seismologists, geodesists, biologists and engineers, as well as some 300 others started work under the supervision of Andrew Lawson to collect and document physical phenomena related to the quake . On 31 May 1906, the commission published a preliminary 17-page report titled "The Report of the State Earthquake Investigation Commission". The report included the bulk of the geological and morphological descriptions of the faulting, detailed reports on shaking intensity, as well as an impressive atlas of 40 oversized maps and folios. Nearly 100 years after its publication, the Commission Report remains a model for post-earthquake investigations. Because the diverse data sets were so complete and carefully documented, researchers continue to apply modern analysis techniques to learn from the 1906 earthquake. While the earthquake marked a seminal event in the history of California, it served as impetus for the birth of modern earthquake science in the United States.
Zoback, M. L.
General Programmatic Terms and Conditions for Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) Cooperative Agreements
... Programmatic Terms and Conditions for the Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC ... NSF Grants Officer. 2. Program Description: Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers ...
Scientific and Engineering Research Facilities at Colleges and Universities 1998: An Overview
... at Colleges and Universities 1998 An Overview Hypertext Format Scientific and Engineering Research ... Universities 1998: An Overview Portable Document Format (.pdf) Scientific and Engineering Research ...
Federal Funds Survey, Fields of Science and Enginering Research Historical Tables, Fiscal Years 1970-99
Federal Funds Survey, Fields of Science and Engineering Research Historical Tables, Fiscal Years ... Federal Funds Survey, Fields of Science and Engineering Research Historical Tables, Fiscal Years ...
This research describes the risk communication towards improvement in the local disaster prevention power for Gobusho town in Marugame city which is only a high density city area in Kagawa Pref. Specifically, the key persons and authors of the area report the practice research towards improvement in the local disaster prevention power by the PDCA cycle of the area, such as formation of local voluntary disaster management organizations and implementation of an emergency drill, applying the fire spreading simulation system in case of a big earthquake. The fire spreading simulation system in case of the big earthquake which authors are developing describes the role and subject which have been achieved to BCP of the local community as a support system.
Futagami, Toru; Omoto, Shohei; Hamamoto, Kenichirou
Summaries of FY 1995 engineering research
The individual engineering project summaries follow the program overview. The summaries are ordered alphabetically by name of institution and so the table of contents lists all the institutions at which projects were sponsored in fiscal year 1995. Each project entry begins with an institutional-departmental heading. The names of investigators are listed immediately below the title. The funding level for fiscal year 1995 appears to the right of title; it is followed by the budget activity number. These numbers categorize the projects for budgetary purposes and the categories are described in the budget number index. A separate index of Principal Investigators includes phone number, fax number and e-mail address, where available. The fiscal year in which either the project began or was renewed and the anticipated duration in years are indicated respectively by the first two and last digits of the sequence directly below the budget activity number. The summary description of the project completes the entry.
Tissue Engineering Organs for Space Biology Research
Long-term manned space flight requires a better understanding of skeletal muscle atrophy resulting from microgravity. Atrophy most likely results from changes at both the systemic level (e.g. decreased circulating growth hormone, increased circulating glucocorticoids) and locally (e.g. decreased myofiber resting tension). Differentiated skeletal myofibers in tissue culture have provided a model system over the last decade for gaining a better understanding of the interactions of exogenous growth factors, endogenous growth factors, and muscle fiber tension in regulating protein turnover rates and muscle cell growth. Tissue engineering these cells into three dimensional bioartificial muscle (BAM) constructs has allowed us to extend their use to Space flight studies for the potential future development of countermeasures.
Vandenburgh, H. H.; Shansky, J.; DelTatto, M.; Lee, P.; Meir, J.
Researchers Dispute Notion that America Lacks Scientists and Engineers
Researchers who track the American labor market told Congress last week that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the United States has more than enough scientists and engineers and that federal agencies and universities should reform the way they train young scientists to better match the supply of scientists with the demand for researchers. At a�
Monastersky, Richard
Beyond Teaching and Research: Changing Engineering Academic Work
Boyer's model of academic work as integrated scholarships clearly details the work of contempo- rary engineering academics. This approach departs from the traditional research versus teaching debate, introducing four spheres of complementary activity. These are: teaching, discovery, application and integration. Boyer's scholarships recognise that the focus on the teaching\\/research debate neglects other equally important aspects of academic work which are
Ahmed Al-Jumaily; Heather Stonyer
Developing Research Skills for Civil Engineers: A Library Contribution.
A library instruction program has been instituted in civil engineering at the Queensland University of Technology (Australia) in an effort to improve the research skills of fourth year students working on research projects. Students with extended library instruction were found to have better information-seeking behavior than others. (Author/MSE)
Bruce, C. S.; Brameld, G. H.
An overview of the Penn State Propulsion Engineering Research Center
An overview of the Penn State Propulsion Engineering Research Center is presented. The following subject areas are covered: research objectives and long term perspective of the Center; current status and operational philosophy; and brief description of Center projects (combustion, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, materials compatibility, turbomachinery, and advanced propulsion concepts).
Merkle, Charles L.
Genetic Engineering of Animals for Medical Research: Students' Views.
Reports on the results of a survey meant to ascertain the views of 16- to 18-year-old students (n=778) on using animals in medical research. Suggests that students have no greater objection to the use of genetically engineered animals over naturally bred animals in medical research. Contains 16 references. (Author/WRM)
Hill, Ruaraidh; Stanisstreet, Martin; O'Sullivan, Helen; Boyes, Edward
Impact of Information Technology on Research in Science and Engineering.
There is little research on the impact of information technology (IT) on how research is carried out by scientists and engineers. This paper draws on other bodies of writings which indirectly shed light on this question. Included are: the role of calculat...
J. A. Morell
Deep earthquakes
Earthquakes are often recorded at depths as great as 650 kilometers or more. These deep events mark regions where plates of the earth's surface are consumed in the mantle. But the earthquakes themselves present a conundrum: the high pressures and temperatures at such depths should keep rock from fracturing suddenly and generating a tremor. This paper reviews the research on this problem. Almost all deep earthquakes conform to the pattern described by Wadati, namely, they generally occur at the edge of a deep ocean and define an inclined zone extending from near the surface to a depth of 600 kilometers of more, known as the Wadati-Benioff zone. Several scenarios are described that were proposed to explain the fracturing and slipping of rocks at this depth.
Frohlich, C.
Fire safety engineering research in Norway
Four different present projects or research areas will be described in the paper. These are as follows: (1) Integrated analysis of steel and aluminium structures exposed to fire; (2) Modelling of flame spread using cone calorimeter results; (3) Evacuation studies and simulation; and (4) FIREX--Program system for prediction of fire hazard.
Pedersen, K. S.
K. S. Pedersen
ReSEARCH: A Requirements Search Engine.
This research address three closely related problems. (1) Most current search technology is based on a popularity metric (e.g., PageRank or ExpertRank), but not on the semantic content of the document. (2) When building components in a service-oriented ar...
C. Martell G. Gehrke P. Anand P. H. Adams R. Gera
A high-density earthquake monitoring system using wireless sensornetworks
In this paper we present a high-density earthquake monitoring system using wireless sensor networks. For high-precision monitoring, we developed Pavenet OS, which is a hard-realtime operating system for sensor nodes, and acceleration sensor board. Sensor nodes of the system sample acceleration with less than 0.3 us jitter with Pavenet OS. The system provides earthquake engineering researchers the ability to measure
Makoto Suzuki; Shunsuke Saruwatari; Narito Kurata; Hiroyuki Morikawa
Fundamental heat transfer research for gas turbine engines
Thirty-seven experts from industry and the universities joined 24 NASA Lewis staff members in an exchange of ideas on trends in aeropropulsion research and technology, basic analyses, computational analyses, basic experiments, near-engine environment experiments, fundamental fluid mechanics and heat transfer, and hot technology as related to gas turbine engines. The workshop proceedings described include pre-workshop input from participants, presentations of current activity by the Lewis staff, reports of the four working groups, and a workshop summary.
Metzger, D. E. (editor)
The Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory (ASPL) of NASA's Johnson Space Center is performing research on a Variable Specific Impulse MagnetoPlasma Rocket (VASIMR). The VASIMR is a high power, radio frequency (RF) driven magnetoplasma rocket, capable of very high exhaust velocities, > 100 km\\/s. In addition, its unique architecture allows in- flight mission-optimization of thrust and specific impulse to enhance performance
J. P. Squire; F. R. Chang D�az; V. T. Jacobson; G. E. McCaskill; D. S. Winter
NASA Lewis Research Center/University Graduate Research Program on Engine Structures
NASA Lewis Research Center established a graduate research program in support of the Engine Structures Research activities. This graduate research program focuses mainly on structural and dynamics analyses, computational mechanics, mechanics of composites and structural optimization. The broad objectives of the program, the specific program, the participating universities and the program status are briefly described.
Chamis, C. C.
Sharing Research Models: Using Software Engineering Practices for Facilitation.
Increasingly, researchers are turning to computational models to understand the interplay of important variables on systems' behaviors. Although researchers may develop models that meet the needs of their investigation, application limitations-such as nonintuitive user interface features and data input specifications-may limit the sharing of these tools with other research groups. By removing these barriers, other research groups that perform related work can leverage these work products to expedite their own investigations. The use of software engineering practices can enable managed application production and shared research artifacts among multiple research groups by promoting consistent models, reducing redundant effort, encouraging rigorous peer review, and facilitating research collaborations that are supported by a common toolset. This report discusses three established software engineering practices- the iterative software development process, object-oriented methodology, and Unified Modeling Language-and the applicability of these practices to computational model development. Our efforts to modify the MIDAS TranStat application to make it more user-friendly are presented as an example of how computational models that are based on research and developed using software engineering practices can benefit a broader audience of researchers. PMID:21687780
Bryant, Stephanie P; Solano, Eric; Cantor, Susanna; Cooley, Philip C; Wagener, Diane K
Sharing Research Models: Using Software Engineering Practices for Facilitation
Increasingly, researchers are turning to computational models to understand the interplay of important variables on systems� behaviors. Although researchers may develop models that meet the needs of their investigation, application limitations�such as nonintuitive user interface features and data input specifications�may limit the sharing of these tools with other research groups. By removing these barriers, other research groups that perform related work can leverage these work products to expedite their own investigations. The use of software engineering practices can enable managed application production and shared research artifacts among multiple research groups by promoting consistent models, reducing redundant effort, encouraging rigorous peer review, and facilitating research collaborations that are supported by a common toolset. This report discusses three established software engineering practices� the iterative software development process, object-oriented methodology, and Unified Modeling Language�and the applicability of these practices to computational model development. Our efforts to modify the MIDAS TranStat application to make it more user-friendly are presented as an example of how computational models that are based on research and developed using software engineering practices can benefit a broader audience of researchers.
Bryant, Stephanie P.; Solano, Eric; Cantor, Susanna; Cooley, Philip C.; Wagener, Diane K.
Noise reduction in radon monitoring data using Kalman filter and application of results in earthquake precursory process research
Monitoring the concentration of radon gas is an established method for geophysical analyses and research, particularly in earthquake studies. A continuous radon monitoring station was implemented in Jooshan hotspring, Kerman province, south east Iran. The location was carefully chosen as a widely reported earthquake-prone zone. A common issue during monitoring of radon gas concentration is the possibility of noise disturbance by different environmental and instrumental parameters. A systematic mathematical analysis aiming at reducing such noises from data is reported here; for the first time, the Kalman filter (KF) has been used for radon gas concentration monitoring. The filtering is incorporated based on several seismic parameters of the area under study. A novel anomaly defined as "radon concentration spike crossing" is also introduced and successfully used in the study. Furthermore, for the first time, a mathematical pattern of a relationship between the radius of potential precursory phenomena and the distance between epicenter and the monitoring station is reported and statistically analyzed.
Namvaran, Mojtaba; Negarestani, Ali
Commensurability of earthquake occurrence
During recent years huge earthquakes frequently occurred and caused surprise attack on many places of the globe. Frequent exceptional strong disasters of earthquakes remind that we must strengthen our research on cause of formation, mechanism, prediction and forecast of earthquakes, and achieve the goal of advancing the development of Earth science and mitigation of seismic disasters. The commensurability of earthquake occurrences has been studied by means of the commensurability revealed by the Titius-Bode law in the paper. The studied results show that the earthquakes basically all occur at the commensurable point of its time axis, respectively. It also shows that occurrence of the earthquakes is not accidental, showing certain patterns and inevitability, and the commensurable value is different for earthquakes occurring in different areas.
Hu, Hui; Han, Yanben; Su, Youjin; Wang, Rui
An overview of NASA intermittent combustion engine research
This paper overviews the current program, whose objective is to establish the generic technology base for advanced aircraft I.C. engines of the early 1990's and beyond. The major emphasis of this paper is on development of the past two years. Past studies and ongoing confirmatory experimental efforts are reviewed, which show unexpectly high potential when modern aerospace technologies are applied to inherently compact and balanced I.C. engine configurations. Currently, the program is focussed on two engine concepts the stratified-charge, multi-fuel rotary, and the lightweight two-stroke diesel. A review is given of contracted and planned high performance one-rotor and one-cylinder test engine work addressing several levels of technology. Also reviewed are basic supporting efforts, e.g., the development and experimental validation of computerized airflow and combustion process models, being performed in-house at Lewis Research Center and by university grants.
Willis, E. A.; Wintucky, W. T.
ARMA models for earthquake ground motions. Seismic safety margins research program
Four major California earthquake records were analyzed by use of a class of discrete linear time-domain processes commonly referred to as ARMA (Autoregressive/Moving-Average) models. It was possible to analyze these different earthquakes, identify the order of the appropriate ARMA model(s), estimate parameters, and test the residuals generated by these models. It was also possible to show the connections, similarities, and differences between the traditional continuous models (with parameter estimates based on spectral analyses) and the discrete models with parameters estimated by various maximum-likelihood techniques applied to digitized acceleration data in the time domain. The methodology proposed is suitable for simulating earthquake ground motions in the time domain, and appears to be easily adapted to serve as inputs for nonlinear discrete time models of structural motions. 60 references, 19 figures, 9 tables.
Chang, M. K.; Kwiatkowski, J. W.; Nau, R. F.; Oliver, R. M.; Pister, K. S.
Multi-Parameteric Geophysical Observatory: An Integrated Approach to Earthquake Precursory Research
Laboratory based Dilatancy-diffusion model predicts that crustal rocks when subjected to various degrees of stresses, simulating different phases of earthquake preparatory cycle, undergo opening of minor cracks, in-flux of fluids, material strengthening prior to the rupture. These changes producing small perturbation in physical properties of rocks are manifested in the enhanced micro-seismicity, seismic wave velocity changes, crustal deformation, small-scale changes in gravity, resistivity, magnetic field intensity, electromagnetic and radon gas emission as well as by fluctuations in hydrological parameters. Recognising that simultaneous measurements of inter-disciplinary parameters are key to decipher characteristic space-time variation during the earthquake preparatory cycles, a Multi-Parameteric Geophysical Observatory (MPGO) has been established at Ghuttu, Central Himalaya. Located in a narrow belt of high seismicity, just south of the Main Central Thrust of the Himalaya, has been the seat of recent 1991-Uttarkashi and 1999-Chamoli earthquakes, both M> 6. The MPGO became fully operational in April 2007 and is equipped with super conducting gravimeter, overhauser magnetometer, tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer, ULF band search coil magnetometer, radon data logger, water level recorders and is backed up by the dense network of Broad Band Seismometers (BBS) and GPS. However, the isolation of weak earthquake precursory signal further requires characterization of time variability related to environmental, hydrological, tectonic and even inter planetary processes affecting differently each geophysical time series. Demonstrating the potential of data adoptive techniques like Principal Component Analysis, Wavelet, Singular Spectrum Analysis, Fractal etc in denoising and allowing parameterization of tidal, pressure and hydrological influence on gravity and other time series, the presentation shall present nature of precursory signals in gravity, magnetic, radon and water level in association with a moderate 4.9 M Kharsali Earthquake of July 22, 2007, largest local earthquake recorded since the MPGO became functional.
Bansal, B. K.; Arora, B. R.; Kumar, N.
33 CFR 222.4 - Reporting earthquake effects.
... 2011-07-01 false Reporting earthquake effects. 222.4 Section 222...ENGINEERING AND DESIGN § 222.4 Reporting earthquake effects. (a) Purpose. ...following the occurrence of significant earthquakes. It primarily concerns damage...
... 2012-07-01 false Reporting earthquake effects. 222.4 Section 222...ENGINEERING AND DESIGN § 222.4 Reporting earthquake effects. (a) Purpose. ...following the occurrence of significant earthquakes. It primarily concerns damage...
Engineering Education in Biomimetic MicroElectronic Systems: An Urban Engineering Research Centers
In 2003, the National Science Foundation awarded a large private urban research university funds to create an Engineering Research Center (ERC)- a center dedicated to the coordination of groundbreaking research in the development of biomimetic devices. The ERC brings physicians, biologists, engineers and educators together to develop microelectronic systems that interact with living, human tissues. The resulting technology enables implantable and portable devices that can treat presently incurable diseases such as blindness, loss of neuromuscular control, paralysis, and the loss of cognitive function. The researchers focus on mixed signal systems on chip, power and data management, intelligent analog circuits, interface technology at the nano- and microscales to integrate microelectronic systems with neurons, and new materials designed to prevent rejection. The ERC has a significantly reformed engineering education effort with foci on undergraduate and graduate engineering with a BME application focus. These reform efforts combine the collaborative expertise of the universitys school of engineering, a school of medicine and a school of education. The engineering educational reform efforts combine undergraduate and graduate coursework with comprehensive, innovative, and multidisciplinary laboratory experiences aligned to the ERCs BME test beds for all students. Students have opportunities to engage in powerful research side-by-side premiere researchers using aninductively based, situated approach to curriculum and instruction. The ERCs engineering educational approaches address four broad themes: Access, Inductively based Situated Learning, Retention and Career outcomes. This paper reports both on baseline access, retention, and career data and a logic model associated with a comprehensive curricular reform resulting from the access, retention and career baseline data. As a result of this baseline data, the ERC educational team has found innovative ways to infuse inductively based, situated curriculum and instruction in addition to a student-centric outcome metrics into all aspects of the BME curriculum and associated laboratory experiences. These assessment measures build on the principles established in educational psychology and include pre and posttest BME concept inventories, rubric-based laboratory assessments, BME efficacy measures and employer satisfaction measures. A comprehensive assessment profile is in the process of being created for program graduates at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. This ASEE paper is a work in progress report as the engineering education reform engaged in via the ERC represents a comprehensive reform process incorporated in to NSF engineering research center funding that extends for a ten year period.
Khoo, Michel; Meng, Ellis; Ragusa, Gisele
Engineering research, development and technology. Thrust area report, FY93
The mission of the Engineering Research, Development, and Technology Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is to develop the technical staff, tools, and facilities needed to support current and future LLNL programs. The efforts are guided by a dual-benefit research and development strategy that supports Department of Energy missions, such as national security through nuclear deterrence and economic competitiveness through partnerships with U.S. industry. This annual report, organized by thrust area, describes the activities for the fiscal year 1993. The report provides timely summaries of objectives, methods, and results from nine thrust areas for this fiscal year: Computational Electronics and Electromagnetics; Computational Mechanics; Diagnostics and Microelectronics; Fabrication Technology; Materials Science and Engineering; Power Conversion Technologies; Nondestructive Evaluation; Remote Sensing, Imaging, and Signal Engineering; and Emerging Technologies. Separate abstracts were prepared for 47 papers in this report.
Advancing Global Capacity for Engineering Education Research: Relating Research to Practice, Policy and Industry
Findings are presented from a series of moderated interactive sessions held at international engineering education conferences between July 2007 and December 2008, where attendees discussed the current state and future trajectory of engineering education research. More specifically, this study examines how session attendees described: (1) the�
Jesiek, Brent K.; Borrego, Maura; Beddoes, Kacey
Basic research in computer science and software engineering at SKLCS
The State Key Laboratory of Computer Science (SKLCS) is committed to basic research in computer science and software engineering.\\u000a The research topics of the laboratory include: concurrency theory, theory and algorithms for real-time systems, formal specifications\\u000a based on context-free grammars, semantics of programming languages, model checking, automated reasoning, logic programming,\\u000a software testing, software process improvement, middleware technology, parallel algorithms and
Jian Zhang; Wenhui Zhang; Naijun Zhan; Yidong Shen; Haiming Chen; Yunquan Zhang; Yongji Wang; Enhua Wu; Hongan Wang; Xueyang Zhu
Software Engineering Java Educational Software and its Qua lytitative Research
This paper reports the process of developing JAVA Educational Software as well as issues identified and addressed in teaching and learning using this software. The Focus of the research is the qualitative re- search of e-learning processes and the software engineering issues in designing learning environments. Teaching this subject to undergraduate students proved to be not an easy task. In
Bekim Fetaji; Majlinda Fetaji
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
1. CHANNEL DIMENSIONS AND ALIGNMENT RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION. ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN WITH VIDEO-CONTROLED MODEL BOAT IN MODEL NAVIGATION CHANNEL. NOTE CONTROL TRAILER IN BACKGROUND. - Waterways Experiment Station, Hydraulics Laboratory, Halls Ferry Road, 2 miles south of I-20, Vicksburg, Warren County, MS
Graduate Research in Technology and Engineering Education: 2000-2009
The purpose of this study was to amass as comprehensive a collection of dissertations and theses in technology and engineering education as possible, and to conduct a modified meta-analysis of this body of research. The current study was limited to dissertations and theses completed between 2000 and 2009 that were identified using the ProQuest�
Foster, W. Tad
Advanced materials research for long-haul aircraft turbine engines
The status of research efforts to apply low to intermediate temperature composite materials and advanced high temperature materials to engine components is reviewed. Emerging materials technologies and their potential benefits to aircraft gas turbines were emphasized. The problems were identified, and the general state of the technology for near term use was assessed.
Signorelli, R. A.; Blankenship, C. P.
2. CHANNEL DIMENSIONS AND ALIGNMENT RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION. HYDRAULIC ENGINEER PILOTING VIDEO-CONTROLED BOAT MODEL FROM CONTROL TRAILER. NOTE VIEW FROM BOAT-MOUNTED VIDEO CAMERA SHOWN ON MONITOR, AND MODEL WATERWAY VISIBLE THROUGH WINDOW AT LEFT. - Waterways Experiment Station, Hydraulics Laboratory, Halls Ferry Road, 2 miles south of I-20, Vicksburg, Warren County, MS
This document contains the extended abstracts (3 to 5 pages) of formal presentations scheduled for the 1992 Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory to be held in April, 1992. hese abstracts highlight the ongoing research activities and results for work sponsored by the Laboratory. ...
The case for research in game engine architecture
This paper is a call for research in the field of game engine architecture and design, a more comprehensive and thorough understanding of which we consider to be essential for its development. We present a number of key aspects that may help to define the problem space and provide a catalogue of questions that we believe identify areas of interest
Eike Falk Anderson; Steffen Engel; Leigh McLoughlin; Peter Comninos
Development of the crash injury research and engineering network
The Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network has developed a computer database and wide area network for data sharing and analysis among 8 trauma centers. The computer database extends the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's National Automotive Sampling System with medical- and trauma-related variables in a relational\\/object database system. The medical data include injury location details, injury subclassification systems, and
Jerome T Scally; Catherine A. McCullough; Louis J. Brown; Rolf Eppinger
Formulating a Concept Base for Secondary Level Engineering: A Review and Synthesis. Research in Engineering and Technology Education
The purpose of the study was to identify and refine a conceptual foundation for secondary school engineering education. Specifically, this study sought to address the following research questions: (1) What engineering concepts are present in literature related to the nature and philosophy of engineering?; (2) What engineering concepts are embedded�
Custer, Rodney L.; Daugherty, Jenny L.; Meyer, Joseph P.
Army/NASA small turboshaft engine digital controls research program
The emphasis of a program to conduct digital controls research for small turboshaft engines is on engine test evaluation of advanced control logic using a flexible microprocessor based digital control system designed specifically for research on advanced control logic. Control software is stored in programmable memory. New control algorithms may be stored in a floppy disk and loaded directly into memory. This feature facilitates comparative evaluation of different advanced control modes. The central processor in the digital control is an Intel 8086 16 bit microprocessor. Control software is programmed in assembly language. Software checkout is accomplished prior to engine test by connecting the digital control to a real time hybrid computer simulation of the engine. The engine currently installed in the facility has a hydromechanical control modified to allow electrohydraulic fuel metering and VG actuation by the digital control. Simulation results are presented which show that the modern control reduces the transient rotor speed droop caused by unanticipated load changes such as cyclic pitch or wind gust transients.
Sellers, J. F.; Baez, A. N.
Understanding Earthquakes
This resource features links to: an earthquake quiz; a rotating globe showing earthquake locations; famous earthquake accounts by Mark Twain, Jack London, Charles Darwin, and John Muir; a Java animation of the gradual buildup of stress that leads to earthquakes; a three-page history of seismology to 1910; and other educational and earthquake websites.
Characterizing Interdisciplinarity of Researchers and Research Topics Using Web Search Engines
Researchers' networks have been subject to active modeling and analysis. Earlier literature mostly focused on citation or co-authorship networks reconstructed from annotated scientific publication databases, which have several limitations. Recently, general-purpose web search engines have also been utilized to collect information about social networks. Here we reconstructed, using web search engines, a network representing the relatedness of researchers to their peers as well as to various research topics. Relatedness between researchers and research topics was characterized by visibility boost�increase of a researcher's visibility by focusing on a particular topic. It was observed that researchers who had high visibility boosts by the same research topic tended to be close to each other in their network. We calculated correlations between visibility boosts by research topics and researchers' interdisciplinarity at the individual level (diversity of topics related to the researcher) and at the social level (his/her centrality in the researchers' network). We found that visibility boosts by certain research topics were positively correlated with researchers' individual-level interdisciplinarity despite their negative correlations with the general popularity of researchers. It was also found that visibility boosts by network-related topics had positive correlations with researchers' social-level interdisciplinarity. Research topics' correlations with researchers' individual- and social-level interdisciplinarities were found to be nearly independent from each other. These findings suggest that the notion of �interdisciplinarity" of a researcher should be understood as a multi-dimensional concept that should be evaluated using multiple assessment means.
Sayama, Hiroki; Akaishi, Jin
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...activities must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center conduct? 350.32 Section...EDUCATION DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION RESEARCH PROJECTS AND CENTERS PROGRAM What Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers Does the Secretary...
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Volume 31, No. 1, January, 2012.
The main aim of Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology is to publish refereed, well written original research articles that describe the latest research and developments in Engineering,Science & Technology. This is a broad based jo...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
Empirical Research in Systems Engineering: Challenges and Opportunities of a New Frontier
This paper aims to advance the pedagogy of systems engineering by identifying opportunities and challenges in empirical research in the field. After an introduction to how empirical research could be further utilized in systems engineering, this paper discusses challenges faced when conducting empirical research in systems engineering, threats to validity associated with systems engineering data collection, and considerations for empirical
Ricardo Valerdi; Heidi L. Davidz
Research Study: Space Shuttle Main Engine Plume Flowfield Model
The initial research effort was an in-depth analysis of the shuttle main engine plumes in an effort to improve the flowfield model and to enhance shuttle base heating equipment predictions during ascent. A prediction methodology code was developed incorporating the improved plume model into a predictive tool which could consider different trajectoreis and engine perfromance variables. Various plume flow model improvement studies were ongoing at the time of the 51-L accident. Since that time, base heating and plume methodology improvements have continued as part of the overall emphasis on Shuttle design assurance before resuming flight schedule.
Bender, Robert L.
An Annotated Bibliography and Research Review on the Development of a Long Range Plan for Engineering Research on Flexible Pavements.
An annotated bibliography and research review on Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory contract report CR 67.014 entitled 'Development of a Long Range Plan for Engineering Research on Flexible Pavements,' dated November 1966.
NASA Space Engineering Research Center for VLSI systems design
This annual review reports the center's activities and findings on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems design for 1990, including project status, financial support, publications, the NASA Space Engineering Research Center (SERC) Symposium on VLSI Design, research results, and outreach programs. Processor chips completed or under development are listed. Research results summarized include a design technique to harden complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) memory circuits against single event upset (SEU); improved circuit design procedures; and advances in computer aided design (CAD), communications, computer architectures, and reliability design. Also described is a high school teacher program that exposes teachers to the fundamentals of digital logic design.
Towards Multi-Method Research Approach in Empirical Software Engineering
This paper presents results of a literature analysis on Empirical Research Approaches in Software Engineering (SE). The analysis explores reasons why traditional methods, such as statistical hypothesis testing and experiment replication are weakly utilized in the field of SE. It appears that basic assumptions and preconditions of the traditional methods are contradicting the actual situation in the SE. Furthermore, we have identified main issues that should be considered by the researcher when selecting the research approach. In virtue of reasons for weak utilization of traditional methods we propose stronger use of Multi-Method approach with Pragmatism as the philosophical standpoint.
Mandi?, Vladimir; Markkula, Jouni; Oivo, Markku
NASA Glenn's Contributions to Aircraft Engine Noise Research
This report reviews all engine noise research conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center over the past 70 years. This report includes a historical perspective of the Center and the facilities used to conduct the research. Major noise research programs are highlighted to show their impact on industry and on the development of aircraft noise reduction technology. Noise reduction trends are discussed, and future aircraft concepts are presented. Since the 1960s, research results show that the average perceived noise level has been reduced by about 20 decibels (dB). Studies also show that, depending on the size of the airport, the aircraft fleet mix, and the actual growth in air travel, another 15 to 17 dB reduction will be required to achieve NASA's long-term goal of providing technologies to limit objectionable noise to the boundaries of an average airport.
Huff, Dennis L.
Trends in aeropropulsion research and their impact on engineering education
This presentation is concerned with the trends in aeropropulsion both in the U.S. and abroad and the impact of these trends on the educational process in our universities. In this paper, we shall outline the new directions for research which may be of interest to educators in the aeropropulsion field. Awareness of new emphases, such as emission reductions, noise control, maneuverability, speed, etc., will have a great impact on engineering educators responsible for restructuring courses in propulsion. The information presented herein will also provide some background material for possible consideration in the future development of propulsion courses. In describing aeropropulsion, we are concerned primarily with air-breathing propulsion; however many observations apply equally as well to rocket engine systems. Aeropropulsion research needs are primarily motivated by technologies required for advanced vehicle systems and frequently driven by external requirements such as economic competitiveness, environmental concern and national security. In this presentation, vehicle based research is first described, followed by a discussion of discipline and multidiscipline research necessary to implement the vehicle-focused programs. The importance of collaboration in research and the training of future researchers concludes this presentation.
Povinelli, Louis A.; Reichert, Bruce A.; Glassman, Arthur J.
Physiographic and Geological Setting of the Coastal Engineering Research Center's Field Research Facility.
This report describes, in general terms, aspects of the regional and local geology of the Coastal Engineering Research Center's Field Research Facility (FRF) in Duck, North Carolina. The FRF is located on the Outer Banks which form the seaward margin of t...
C. Judge E. P. Meisburger S. J. Williams
Earthquakes of the Holocene.
Areas in which significant new data and insights have been obtained are: 1) fault slip rates; 2) earthquake recurrence models; 3) fault segmentation; 4) dating past earthquakes; 5) paleoseismicity in the E and central US; 6) folds and earthquakes, and 7) future earthquake behavior. Summarizes important trends in each of these research areas based on information published between June 1982 and June 1986 and preprints of papers in press. The bibliography for this period contains mainly referred publications in journals and books.-from Author
Schwartz, D. P.
The collaborative program of research in engineering science
MIT and Idaho National Engineering Laboratory are continuing the program of collaborative research on energy-related engineering. The program involves research in the following areas: (1) mathematical modeling of thermal plasma systems, (2) high-temperature gas-particle reactions, (3) metal transfer in gas-metal arc welding, (4) multivariate control of gas-metal arc welding, (5) fundamentals of elastic-plastic fracture, (6) comminution of energy materials, and (7) synthesis and optimization of integrated chemical processes. A key objective of this collaborative program is to serve as a prototype for other university/laboratory collaborative programs. Another important goal is to enhance the transfer of new technology to the industrial sector.
Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine Research at NASA Marshall
This viewgraph representation provides an overview of research being conducted on Pulse Detonation Rocket Engines (PDRE) by the Propulsion Research Center (PRC) at the Marshall Space Flight Center. PDREs have a theoretical thermodynamic advantage over Steady-State Rocket Engines (SSREs) although unsteady blowdown processes complicate effective use of this advantage in practice; PRE is engaged in a fundamental study of PDRE gas dynamics to improve understanding of performance issues. Topics covered include: simplified PDRE cycle, comparison of PDRE and SSRE performance, numerical modeling of quasi 1-D rocket flows, time-accurate thrust calculations, finite-rate chemistry effects in nozzles, effect of F-R chemistry on specific impulse, effect of F-R chemistry on exit species mole fractions and PDRE performance optimization studies.
Morris, Christopher I.
Earthquake resistant design
After having learned about earthquakes in class, through readings and earlier lab assignments, students (in groups of two) are asked to design and construct (using balsa wood, string, paper and glue) a three-story building designed to minimize the effects of shear-wave vibrations that occur during an earthquake. The students are required to research the design concepts on their own and most of the construction work occurs outside of the regular laboratory period. The structures are tested for strength a week before the earthquake occurs - can they support the required load for each floor? On earthquake day, the buildings a tested for a "design earthquake" and then each group is given the opportunity to see how "large" and earthquake their structure can withstand - both in terms of frequency and amplitude variations. In addition to building the structure, each team has to submit a paper reflecting on why they designed and built the structure the way they did.
Malinconico, Lawrence L.
Mid-America Earthquake Center
Understanding earthquakes is a complex process, and the Mid-Americ Earthquake Center is one of three national earthquake engineering research centers set up to work on a variety of approaches to a broad set of related scientific concerns. Based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Center consists of a consortium of nine core institutions and is funded by the National Science Foundation. The Center's primary work is within four areas, including information technology and consequence-based risk management frameworks. Recognizing that they serve a broad range of visitors to their website, the Center has established a number of informative introductions on their homepage for the general public, potential industry partners, members of the press, and K-12 educators. While a number of visitors may be interested in their technical reports and software packages, most visitors will want to look over the graduate and undergraduate teaching modules, which will be of great use to educators in the engineering and geophysical sciences and their students. Additionally, the Center's site provides access to a number of informative webcasts, including presentations on seismic performances of bridges.
Cascadia slow slip events and earthquake initiation theories: Hazards research with Plate Boundary Observatory geodetic data (Invited)
The relationship of transient slow slip events (SSEs) to great earthquakes is a global focus of intense and critical hazards research. Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) GPS and borehole strainmeter (BSM) networks in the Cascadia forearc provide detailed data that can be compared with simulations predicting how SSEs might evolve as a great earthquake approaches. Cascadia SSEs represent aseismic slip of a few cm in the direction of plate convergence over a period of days or weeks, in a depth range down-dip from the locked zone expected to generate the next great Cascadia subduction earthquake. During an SSE, shear stress borne in the SSE depth range is transferred up-dip at an above-background loading rate. If shear stress on the locked zone is continually accumulating, the daily probability of reaching a threshold failure stress is elevated during an SSE . Alternatively, if dynamic instability is due to rate-weakening fault strength, then SSEs still promote earthquake initiation, but that initiation may be delayed until after the SSE ends, and short-duration SSEs may have negligible effect. In some numerical simulations, great earthquakes could nucleate in the SSE depth range, where effective pressure is assumed to be low. Certain models predict that successive SSEs will slip to increasingly shallower depths, eventually encountering higher effective stress where shear heating can destabilize slip and lead to dynamic rupture. PBO GPS stations have recorded surface deformation from SSEs since inception in 2003; borehole strainmeters (BSMs) have recorded SSE strain signals since 2007. GPS and seismic tremor data show that SSEs reoccur all along the Cascadia subduction zone. An SSE is in progress somewhere in Cascadia much of the time, so the short-term probability increase warranted by a typical SSE is presumably low. We could, however, detect differences among successive SSEs and use criteria informed by the models described above to judge whether a distinctive SSE might represent a higher short-term earthquake probability increase. In all conceptual models, an SSE with more net slip and/or extending further up-dip is more likely to lead to dynamic rupture. There are also models in which faster propagation speed would promote instability by increasing the potential for shear heating. In northernmost Cascadia, BSMs near the coast, up-dip of SSEs, record transient SSE strains at high signal-to-noise ratio. Successive SSEs have differed somewhat in length and propagation speed, but not greatly in up-dip extent or net slip. BSMs up-dip of northern Oregon SSEs have recorded two large SSEs (in 2011 and 2013) having similar strain time series, as well as tremor patterns. In these regions, BSM data could allow an SSE of greater net slip, shallower up-dip extent, or unusual propagation pattern to be identified. Resolution is poorer in reaches of the forearc with BSMs only down-dip of the SSEs. Up-dip BSMs would also be best-positioned to record strain from aseismic slip approaching the locked zone. Some models predict systematic evolution of SSE behavior as a great earthquake approaches, such as decreasing intervals between SSEs, increasing rupture length and slip speed, and slip at successively shallower depths. The northern Cascadia SSEs observed with BSMs since 2007 have not exhibited these patterns, but PBO geodetic instrumentation provides an opportunity to observe them should they develop.
Roeloffs, E. A.; Beeler, N. M.
A New Paradigm for a New Field: Communicating Representations of Engineering Education Research
Based on a three-year experience of developing, facilitating, and assessing NSF-funded workshops on Rigorous Research in Engineering Education (RREE), the authors present four repre- sentations of engineering education scholarly work in the United States, specifically teaching and research. Many of the representa- tions describe the relationships between engineering research, education research, teaching, and assessment. For each of the representations, assessment
A new test circulatory system for research in cardiovascular engineering
A new test circulatory system (TCS) has been developed for thein vitro testing of artificial hearts (AH) and for research in cardiovascular engineering, when connected to an AH that mimics the\\u000a natural heart. The TCS is controlled by five variables whereby the slopes of the systemic and pulmonary venous return curves\\u000a and the mean circulatory pressure can be fixed. It
M. Arabia; T. Akutsu
Young Engineers and Scientists (YES) -engaging students in research
Young Engineers and Scientists (YES) has been a community partnership between local high schools in San Antonio, Texas (USA), and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) during the past 18 years. The goals of YES are to increase the number of high school students, especially those from underrepresented groups, seeking careers in science and engineering and to enhance their success in entering the college and major of their choice. This is accomplished by expanding career awareness, including information on "hot" career areas through seminars and laboratory tours by SwRI staff, and allowing students to interact on a continuing basis with role models at SwRI in a real-world research experiences in physical sciences (including space sciences), information sciences, and a variety of engineering fields. YES consists of two parts: 1) An intensive three-week summer workshop held at SwRI where students experience the research environment and 2) a collegial mentorship where students complete individual research projects under the guidance of SwRI mentors during the academic year. At the end of the school year, students publicly present and display their work, spreading career awareness to other students and teachers. YES students develop a website (yesserver.space.swri.edu) for topics in space science and high school science teachers develop space-related lessons for classroom presentation. Partnerships between research institutes, local high schools, and community foundations, like the YES Program, can positively affect students' preparation for STEM careers via real-world research experiences with mentorship teams consisting of professional staff and qualified teachers. Acknowledgements. We acknowledge support from the NASA MMS Mission, Texas Space Grant Consortium, SwRI, and local charitable foundations.
Boice, Daniel; Reiff, Patricia
Students Engaged in Research - Young Engineers and Scientists (YES)
During the past 17 years, Young Engineers and Scientists (YES) has been a community partnership between local high schools in San Antonio, Texas (USA), and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). The goals of YES are to increase the number of high school students, especially those from underrepresented groups, seeking careers in science and engineering and to enhance their success in entering the college and major of their choice. This is accomplished by expanding career awareness, including information on "hot" career areas through seminars and laboratory tours by SwRI staff, and allowing students to interact on a continuing basis with role models at SwRI in a real-world research experiences in physical sciences (including geosciences), information sciences, and a variety of engineering fields. YES consists of two parts: 1) An intensive three-week summer workshop held at SwRI where students experience the research environment and 2) a collegial mentorship where students complete individual research projects under the guidance of SwRI mentors during the academic year. At the end of the school year, students publicly present and display their work, spreading career awareness to other students and teachers. YES students develop a website (yesserver.space.swri.edu) for topics in space science and high school science teachers develop space-related lessons for classroom presentation. Partnerships between research institutes, local high schools, and community foundations, like the YES Program, can positively affect students� preparation for STEM careers via real-world research experiences with mentorship teams consisting of professional staff and qualified teachers. Acknowledgements. We acknowledge support from the NASA MMS Mission, Texas Space Grant Consortium, SwRI, and local charitable foundations.
Boice, Daniel C.
NASA-HBCU Space Science and Engineering Research Forum Proceedings
The proceedings of the Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) forum are presented. A wide range of research topics from plant science to space science and related academic areas was covered. The sessions were divided into the following subject areas: Life science; Mathematical modeling, image processing, pattern recognition, and algorithms; Microgravity processing, space utilization and application; Physical science and chemistry; Research and training programs; Space science (astronomy, planetary science, asteroids, moon); Space technology (engineering, structures and systems for application in space); Space technology (physics of materials and systems for space applications); and Technology (materials, techniques, measurements).
Sanders, Yvonne D. (editor); Freeman, Yvonne B. (editor); George, M. C. (editor)
In this article, the use of research methods in the field of Engineering Management is analyzed. For this study, a database was formed by using articles from three journals in the Engineering Management field: the Engineering Management Journal (EMJ), the IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management and the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management (JETM). Articles written between 1999 and 2003
Andres Sousa-Poza; Rafael Landaeta; Yaneth Correa
Images of Historical Earthquakes
The National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering of the University of California, Berkeley maintains the Images of Historical Earthquakes Web site. The hundreds of illustrations are accessible by an alphabetical table of countries or regions, or by a chronological list beginning in 464 BC and ending in 1932. Each image contains a brief description, a link for more information, and a link to the image itself. The fascinating photographs and other graphics, along with the historical content, make the site a wonderful online resource for anyone interested in history, earthquakes, photography, or related topics.
Peer review, basic research, and engineering: Defining a role for QA professionals in basic research environments
Within the context of doing basic research, this paper seeks to answer four major questions: (1) What is the authority structure of science. (2) What is peer review. (3) Where is the interface between basic physics research and standard engineering. and (4) Given the conclusions to the first three questions, what is the role of the QA professional in a basic research environment like Fermilab. 23 refs.
Bodnarczuk, M.
From biomedical-engineering research to clinical application and industrialization
The rising costs and aging of the population due to a low birth rate negatively affect the healthcare system in Japan. In 2011, the Council for Science and Technology Policy released the 4th Japan's Science and Technology Basic Policy Report from 2011 to 2015. This report includes two major innovations, 'Life Innovation' and 'Green Innovation', to promote economic growth. Biomedical engineering research is part of 'Life Innovation' and its outcomes are required to maintain people's mental and physical health. It has already resulted in numerous biomedical products, and new ones should be developed using nanotechnology-based concepts. The combination of accumulated knowledge and experience, and 'nanoarchitechtonics' will result in novel, well-designed functional biomaterials. This focus issue contains three reviews and 19 original papers on various biomedical topics, including biomaterials, drug-delivery systems, tissue engineering and diagnostics. We hope that it demonstrates the importance of collaboration among scientists, engineers and clinicians, and will contribute to the further development of biomedical engineering.
Taguchi, Tetsushi; Aoyagi, Takao
This paper overviews the current program, whose objective is to establish the generic technology base for advanced aircraft I.C. engines of the early 1990's and beyond. The major emphasis of this paper is on development of the past two years. Past studies and ongoing confirmatory experimental efforts are reviewed, which show unexpectedly high potential when modern aerospace technologies are applied to inherently compact and balanced I.C. engine configurations. Currently, the program is focussed on two engine concepts, the stratified-charge, multi-fuel rotary and the lightweight two-stroke diesel. A review is given of contracted and planned high performance one-rotor and one-cylinder test engine work addressing several levels of technology. Also reviewed are basic supporting efforts, e.g., the development and experimental validation of computerized airflow and combustion process models, being performed in-house at Lewis Research Center and by university grants. Previously announced in STAR as N84-24583
48 CFR 206.302-3 - Industrial mobilization, engineering, developmental, or research capability, or expert services.
...2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Industrial mobilization, engineering, developmental, or research capability, or expert services...Open Competition 206.302-3 Industrial mobilization, engineering, developmental, or research capability, or expert...
48 CFR 206.302-3 - Industrial mobilization; or engineering, development, or research capability.
...2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Industrial mobilization; or engineering, development, or research capability...and Open Competition 206.302-3 Industrial mobilization; or engineering, development, or research...
...2009-10-01 2009-10-01 false Industrial mobilization; or engineering, development, or research capability...and Open Competition 206.302-3 Industrial mobilization; or engineering, development, or research...
Social and ethical dimensions of nanoscale science and engineering research.
Continuing advances in human ability to manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular levels (i.e. nanoscale science and engineering) offer many previously unimagined possibilities for scientific discovery and technological development. Paralleling these advances in the various science and engineering sub-disciplines is the increasing realization that a number of associated social, ethical, environmental, economic and legal dimensions also need to be explored. An important component of such exploration entails the identification and analysis of the ways in which current and prospective researchers in these fields conceptualize these dimensions of their work. Within the context of a National Science Foundation funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program in nanomaterials processing and characterization at the University of Central Florida (2002-2004), here I present for discussion (i) details of a "nanotechnology ethics" seminar series developed specifically for students participating in the program, and (ii) an analysis of students' and participating research faculty's perspectives concerning social and ethical issues associated with nanotechnology research. I conclude with a brief discussion of implications presented by these issues for general scientific literacy and public science education policy. PMID:16909148
Sweeney, Aldrin E
Engineering and socioeconomic impacts of earthquakes: An analysis of electricity lifeline disruptions in the New Madrid area
This monograph examines the potential effects of a repeat of the New Madrid earthquake to the metropolitan Memphis area. The authors developed a case study of the impact of such an event to the electric power system, and analyzed how this disruption would affect society. In nine chapters and 189 pages, the book traces the impacts of catastrophic earthquakes through a curtailment of utility lifeline services to its host regional economy and beyond. the monographs` chapters include: Modeling the Memphis economy; seismic performance of electric power systems; spatial analysis techniques for linking physical damage to economic functions; earthquake vulnerability and emergency preparedness among businesses; direct economic impacts; regional economic impacts; socioeconomic and interregional impacts; lifeline risk reduction; and public policy formulation and implementation.
Shinozuka, M.; Rose, A.; Eguchi, R.T.
Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Home Page
This is the home page of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), a consortium of universities and research institutions dedicated to gathering information about earthquakes in Southern California, integrate that knowledge into a comprehensive and predictive understanding of earthquake phenomena, and communicate this understanding to end-users and the general public in order to increase earthquake awareness, reduce economic losses, and save lives. News of recent earthquake research, online resources and educational information is available here.
The Parkfield, California, Earthquake Experiment
This report decribes research being carried out in Parkfield, California whose purpose is to better understand the physics of earthquakes: what actually happens on the fault and in the surrounding region before, during and after an earthquake. Ultimately, scientists hope to better understand the earthquake process and, if possible, to provide a scientific basis for earthquake prediction. Topics include the scientific background for the experiment, including the tectonic setting at Parkfield, historical earthquake activity on this section of the San Andreas fault, the monitoring and data collecting activities currently being carried out, and plans for future research. Data are also available to view in real time and to download.
Researchers start complying with the requests of city administrators on earthquake risk issues: a recent case for Catania, Italy
Earthquake risk assessments and scenario studies carried out within national or European projects, not only have resonance in the research community, but they are becoming of increasing of interest for local administrators because of the detailed level of analysis and the nature of the results, that could be readily used. Notwithstanding their interest, the local administrators seem to have difficulties in transferring easily this kind of information into urban emergency plans. To overcome such difficulties, some damage prediction studies could be usefully re-focused on objectives that meet more directly the practical needs of city officials, such as identifying the streets that could be obstructed by the debris caused by the failure of damaged buildings in case of strong earthquakes. For Catania, a city in the Mediterranean with high exposure to earthquake risk, local operators have indicated a densely inhabited section with a critical ratio between the buildings elevation and the width of the roads. In this section, a damage scenario has been evaluated for residential buildings, considering also the strategic facilities such as schools, hospitals, city offices, together with the lifeline networks and the emergency shelter areas. The vulnerability assessment of the buildings involved is facilitated by the data gathered in a detailed recent survey (LSU survey), being now revisited and re-evaluated in the ongoing EC project RISK-UE. The ground shaking hazard has been estimated according to a deterministic scenario for an M7.2 earthquake occurring on a fault at some 12 km shortest distance from Catania. For the structures that are likely to collapse (and for those with predicted damage close to collapse), the volume of building debris has been estimated in order to quantify the fraction of it obstructing adjacent roads. Consequently, it is possible to identify the preferential escape routes to the emergency shelter areas. Different emergency levels could be quantified as this type of analyses will be extended to a sufficient number of sections of the city. This approach has been developed inside the 2001-2004 European project RISK-UE: its application to the six other cities involved in the project should allow sufficient calibration for widely different urban and seismic hazard contexts.
Finazzi, D.; Frassine, L.; Pessina, V.
Toward ethical norms and institutions for climate engineering research
Climate engineering (CE), the intentional modification of the climate in order to reduce the effects of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, is sometimes touted as a potential response to climate change. Increasing interest in the topic has led to proposals for empirical tests of hypothesized CE techniques, which raise serious ethical concerns. We propose three ethical guidelines for CE researchers, derived from the ethics literature on research with human and animal subjects, applicable in the event that CE research progresses beyond computer modeling. The Principle of Respect requires that the scientific community secure the global public's consent, voiced through their governmental representatives, before beginning any empirical research. The Principle of Beneficence and Justice requires that researchers strive for a favorable risk-benefit ratio and a fair distribution of risks and anticipated benefits, all while protecting the basic rights of affected individuals. Finally, the Minimization Principle requires that researchers minimize the extent and intensity of each experiment by ensuring that no experiments last longer, cover a greater geographical extent, or have a greater impact on the climate, ecosystem, or human welfare than is necessary to test the specific hypotheses in question. Field experiments that might affect humans or ecosystems in significant ways should not proceed until a full discussion of the ethics of CE research occurs and appropriate institutions for regulating such experiments are established.
Morrow, David R.; Kopp, Robert E.; Oppenheimer, Michael
Making Interdisciplinary Engineering Centers Work: Report to the National Science Foundation on a Workshop on University Interdisciplinary Engineering Research, November 16-18, 1983, Purdue University.
The workshop on university interdisciplinary engineering research is discussed and five reasons are suggested to explain the survival of interdisciplinary engineering: (1) interdisciplinary engineering teaching and research has been very responsive to cha...
Earthquake relief in less industrialized areas
This symposium was organized by the Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects and by the Specialized Group for Bridge and Structural Engineering. Authors are specialists from private and governmental disaster relief organizations, earthquake engineers and suppliers of products for rescue operations and reconstruction. Case histories include; Economic consequences of earthquakes; Reconstruction with indigenous and intermediate technology; General aspects of relief operations and reconstruction.
Estimating surface faulting impacts from the shakeout scenario earthquake
An earthquake scenario, based on a kinematic rupture model, has been prepared for a Mw 7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault. The rupture distribution, in the context of other historic large earthquakes, is judged reasonable for the purposes of this scenario. This model is used as the basis for generating a surface rupture map and for assessing potential direct impacts on lifelines and other infrastructure. Modeling the surface rupture involves identifying fault traces on which to place the rupture, assigning slip values to the fault traces, and characterizing the specific displacements that would occur to each lifeline impacted by the rupture. Different approaches were required to address variable slip distribution in response to a variety of fault patterns. Our results, involving judgment and experience, represent one plausible outcome and are not predictive because of the variable nature of surface rupture. ?? 2011, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
Treiman, J. A.; Pontib, D. J.
The collaborative program of research in engineering sciences
In 1985, the Energy Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (NUT) and the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) began a collaborative program of energy-related engineering research. This program was extended for another three years starting January 1991. The program continues to pursue three broad goals: to perform quality research on energy-related technologies involved in industrial processes and productivity; to demonstrate the potential of collaborative programs between universities and the national laboratories; and to encourage the transfer of the technology developed to the industrial sector. This annual report describes progress at MIT under the MIT/INEL program during the past year. Highlights of research activities and accomplishments during the past year include the following: Modeling and Control of Droplet Based Thermal Processes: Multivariable Control of GMAW; Metal Transfer Control in Gas-Metal Arc Welding; Fundamentals of Elastic-Plastic Fracture; Three-Dimensional and Mechanistic Modelling Comminution of Energy Materials; Synthesis and Optimization of Integrated Chemical Processes; and Mathematical Modelling of Plasma Systems.
Some aspects of biomedical engineering research in New Delhi.
Biomedical engineering has been recognized in India for the last decade. Technological developments have been in areas of importance to the country, with several groups actively involved in the promotion of bioengineering, particularly in New Delhi. A group at the National Physical Laboratory has contributed significantly to the field of ultrasonics as well as to the development of piezoelectric transducers for other biomedical uses. The Centre for Biomedical Engineering of the Indian Institute of Technology and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences is one of the country's leading centres producing outstanding work in areas like instrumentation, rehabilitation, biomaterials, modelling and analysis. Research in technology applied to reproductive physiology (an area especially relevant to India's needs) was initiated at this centre. Research at the School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University has elucidated the effects and mechanisms of the action of low-energy electromagnetic radiation and ultrasound on biological systems--in one of the school's projects the use of bone material for ultrasonic transducers and optical detectors was successfully demonstrated. A selected list of publications shows the wide spectrum of research carried out at these institutions. PMID:7154053
Anand, S
Signal processing and spectral analysis of the aftershocks of the 1980 El Asnam, Algeria earthquake-engineering application
Seismic recording stations were set up in the El Asnam region of Algeria by the Department of Nuclear Safety of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA\\/IPSN) after the severe October 10, 1980 earthquake, to study the aftershocks of this important event. Three of these stations, equipped with SMA-1 instruments, were intended to record strong ground motion and were accordingly installed
G. Mohammadioun; X. Goula; H. Ferrieux
Integrating Global Hydrology Into Graduate Engineering Education and Research
Worldwide, polluted water affects the health of 1.2 billion people and contributes to the death of 15 million children under five every year. In addition poor environmental quality contributes to 25 per cent of all preventable ill health in the world. To address some of these problems, at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, the world community set the goal of halving, by the year 2015, the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. Solving sanitation and water resource management problems in any part of the world presents an interdisciplinary, complex challenge. However, when we attempt to solve these problems in an international context, our technical approaches must be tempered with cultural sensitivity and extraordinary management strategies. To meet this challenge, Michigan Tech has developed a unique global partnership with the U.S. Peace Corps to address our acknowledgement of the importance of placing engineering solutions in a global context. The program has graduated 30 students. Program enrollment is now over 30 and over 20 countries have hosted our students. The objective of this presentation is to demonstrate how this unique partnership can be integrated with graduate engineering education and research and also show how such a program may attract a more diverse student population into engineering. All graduate students enrolled in our Master's International Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering must complete specific coursework requirements before departing for their international experience. In CE5993 (Field Engineering in the Developing World) students learn to apply concepts of sustainable development and appropriate technology in the developing world. In FW5770 (Rural Community Development Planning and Analysis) students learn how one involves a community in the decision making process. A common theme in both courses is the role of woman in successful development projects. Technical specialization allows a student to take coursework in hydrology, water planning and management, and water quality engineering. The 2-3 semester residence on campus is then followed by three months of cultural, language, and technical training with the Peace Corps. After training students complete two years of service in the Peace Corps, typically working as a water/sanitation engineer while also completing a research project related to their Peace Corps experience. Some unique aspects of the Peace Corps experience is that it provides students with cultural awareness, language proficiency, community organizing skills, skills in consensus building and sustainable development, appreciation for technology that is economically and culturally sensitive, and a long-term field experience to develop an indepth overseas research project. Perhaps one of the greatest aspects of the Peace Corps experience is it provides students a basis to consider the social, economic, and environmental limitations of water projects in the developing world. Some examples of research projects that have been integrated into this program are: (a) culturally appropriate watershed planning and management, (b) technical capacity building of water supply systems, and (c) life cycle thinking approach applied to water and sanitation projects.
Griffis, V. W.
Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Research and Engineering Program - Strategic Plan
The Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Research and Engineering (NEM R&E) Program is dedicated to providing knowledge, technical expertise, and products to US agencies responsible for monitoring nuclear explosions in all environments and is successful in turning scientific breakthroughs into tools for use by operational monitoring agencies. To effectively address the rapidly evolving state of affairs, the NNSA NEM R&E program is structured around three program elements described within this strategic plan: Integration of New Monitoring Assets, Advanced Event Characterization, and Next-Generation Monitoring Systems. How the Program fits into the National effort and historical accomplishments are also addressed.
Casey, Leslie A. [DOE/NNSA
Engaging Students in Space Research: Young Engineers and Scientists 2008
Young Engineers and Scientists (YES) is a community partnership between Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), and local high schools in San Antonio, Texas (USA) during the past 16 years. The YES program provides talented high school juniors and seniors a bridge between classroom instruction and real world, research experiences in physical sciences (including space science) and engineering. YES consists of an intensive three-week summer workshop held at SwRI and a collegial mentorship where students complete individual research projects under the guidance of their professional mentors during the academic year. During the summer workshop, students experience the research environment first-hand; develop skills and acquire tools for solving scientific problems, attend mini-courses and seminars on electronics, computers and the Internet, careers, science ethics, and other topics; and select individual research projects to be completed during the academic year. At the end of the school year, students publicly present and display their work, acknowledging their accomplishments and spreading career awareness to other students and teachers. YES has developed a website for topics in space science from the perspective of high school students, including NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) (http://yesserver.space.swri.edu). Student evaluations indicate the effectiveness of YES on their academic preparation and choice of college majors. Over the past 16 years, all YES graduates have entered college, several have worked for SwRI, one business has started, and three scientific publications have resulted. Acknowledgements. We acknowledge funding and support from the NASA MMS Mission, Texas Space Grant Consortium, Northside Independent School District, SwRI, and several local charitable foundations.
Boice, D. C.; Asbell, H. E.; Reiff, P. H.
Engine structures: A bibliography of Lewis Research Center's research for 1980-1987
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Structures Division of the NASA Lewis Research Center from 1980 through 1987. All the publications were announced in the l980 to 1987 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Impacts of research universities on technological innovation in industry: evidence from engineering research centers
NSF engineering research centers (ERCs) constitute the most upstream performer of R&D among university�industry�government research centers. Findings from surveys and interviews with 355 firms participating in the 18 ERCs established between 1985 and 1990 indicate that firms participate primarily to gain access to upstream modes of knowledge rather than specific products and processes. Findings also point to problematic continuation of
Irwin Feller; Catherine P. Ailes; J. David Roessner
Phenomenology Research Using Past Nevada Test Site Explosion and Earthquake Data
We use regional waveform data from the Nevada Test Site (NTS) to investigate phenomenological relationships between recorded amplitude and explosion yield as well as test regional depth estimation procedures. Our goal is to better understand the performance of seismic observables in other regions of monitoring interest, especially at small magnitudes (m{sub b}<<4.5). Some of the topics we are studying include: stable yield estimation, depth estimation, and M{sub g}:m{sub b} performance. We use Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's NTS explosion database, which consists of several hundred events ranging from {approx}200 to {approx}1500-m depth and yields ranging from a few tenths of a kiloton to the megaton range. In addition to the broadband explosion data, we have a large dataset of well-located earthquakes on the test site with depths ranging from 2 to 17 km and magnitudes ranging between M{sub w}1.5 and 5.7. For yield estimation the relation between teleseismic body wave magnitude (mb) and nuclear explosion yield has been studied extensively over the past several decades for a number of test sites for large (>1 kt) explosions. In this paper we will look at broadband coda, P{sub g,} and L{sub g} from over 260 nuclear explosions to study yield estimation capability by comparing F-factors. For monitoring compliance with a CTBT, small events that are recorded only at regional distances will be used to estimate magnitude and equivalent yield, Past coda studies show that coda-derived magnitudes of earthquakes and explosions are more stable than any direct phase method, including mb(Lg). In fact, single-station coda measurements can be equivalent to a network average of at least ten direct phase measurements over a broad range of frequencies. In regions where the depth estimate is poorly constrained, other regional methods have been proposed to estimate depth. These include time-domain measures of P-wave complexity, cepstral peaking, and more recently spectral peaking from R{sub g}-to-S scattering. Myers et al. (1999) and Mayeda and Walter (1996) showed that strong spectral peaking in the S-wave and coda were likely due to R{sub g}-to-S scattering in the near-source region. We propose a side-by-side comparison of these techniques in a region with excellent ground truth, namely NTS. We will investigate to what extent cepstral peaking, coda spectra peaking, and complexity provide a reliable depth estimate. Finally, a number of large regional studies computing surface wave dispersion curves throughout the globe will be used to push the M{sub g} measurements to smaller magnitude by the use of phase-matched filters. For larger teleseismically recorded events, we will test to see if the M{sub g}:m{sub b} trends for explosions and earthquakes continue to separate at small magnitudes at regional distances. Although NTS is unique from other test sites in its geologic characteristics, this dataset of explosions and earthquakes is ideal for a number of reasons: (I) continuous recordings from high-quality broadband stations, (2) ground truth information that far exceeds any other area, (3) path and site effects that are virtually common for all events, and (4) wide range in depth, source size, and material properties. Because our goal is phenomenological in scope, we will use these results to guide our interpretations and assess our capability in other areas of monitoring interest.
Mayeda, K M; Pasyanos, M E; O'Boyle, J; Myers, S C; Walter, W R; Goldstein, P
Earthquake Education in Prime Time
Since 2001, the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) has collaborated on several video production projects that feature important topics related to earthquake science, engineering, and preparedness. These projects have also fostered many fruitful and sustained partnerships with a variety of organizations that have a stake in hazard education and preparedness. The Seismic Sleuths educational video first appeared in the spring
R. de Groot; P. Abbott; M. Benthien
NASA Glenn's Engine Components Research Lab, Cell 2B, Reactivated to Support the U.S. Army Research Laboratory T700 Engine Test
The U.S. Army Vehicle Technology Directorate at the NASA Glenn Research Center has been directed by their parent command, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), to demonstrate active stall technology in a turboshaft engine as the next step in transitioning this technology to the Army and aerospace industry. Therefore, the Vehicle Technology Directorate requested the reactivation of Glenn's Engine Components Research Lab, Cell 2B, (ECRL 2B). They wanted to test a T700 engine that had been used previously for turboshaft engine research as a partnership between the Army and NASA on small turbine engine research. ECRL 2B had been placed in standby mode in 1997. Glenn's Testing Division initiated reactivation in May 2002 to support the new research effort, and they completed reactivation and improvements in September 2003.
Beltran, Luis R.; Griffin, Thomas A.
User guide to the Burner Engineering Research Laboratory
The Burner Engineering Research Laboratory (BERL) was established with the purpose of providing a facility where manufacturers and researchers can study industrial natural gas burners using conventional and laser-based diagnostics. To achieve this goal, an octagonal furnace enclosure with variable boundary conditions and optical access that can accommodate burners with firing rates up to 2.5 MMBtu per hour was built. In addition to conventional diagnostic capabilities like input/output measurements, exhaust gas monitoring, suction pyrometry and in-furnace gas sampling, laser-based diagnostics available at BERL include planar Mie scattering, laser Doppler velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence. This paper gives an overview of the operation of BERL and a description of the diagnostic capabilities and an estimate of the time required to complete each diagnostic for the potential user who is considering submitting a proposal.
Fornaciari, N.; Schefer, R.; Paul, P. [Sandia National Lab., Livermore, CA (United States); Lubeck, C. [Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States); Sanford, R.; Claytor, L.
Earthquake Myths
This site serves to belie several popular myths about earthquakes. Students will learn that most earthquakes do not occur in the early morning and one cannot be swallowed up by an earthquake. In addition, there is no such thing as earthquake weather and California is not falling into the ocean. On the more practical side, students can learn that good building codes do not insure good buildings, it is safer under a table than in a doorway during an earthquake, and most people do not panic during an earthquake.
On numerical earthquake prediction
Can earthquakes be predicted? How should people overcome the difficulties encountered in the study of earthquake prediction? This issue can take inspiration from the experiences of weather forecast. Although weather forecasting took a period of about half a century to advance from empirical to numerical forecast, it has achieved significant success. A consensus has been reached among the Chinese seismological community that earthquake prediction must also develop from empirical forecasting to physical prediction. However, it is seldom mentioned that physical prediction is characterized by quantitatively numerical predictions based on physical laws. This article discusses five key components for numerical earthquake prediction and their current status. We conclude that numerical earthquake prediction should now be put on the planning agenda and its roadmap designed, seismic stations should be deployed and observations made according to the needs of numerical prediction, and theoretical research should be carried out.
Shi, Yaolin; Zhang, Bei; Zhang, Siqi; Zhang, Huai
Demand surge following earthquakes
Demand surge is understood to be a socio-economic phenomenon where repair costs for the same damage are higher after large- versus small-scale natural disasters. It has reportedly increased monetary losses by 20 to 50%. In previous work, a model for the increased costs of reconstruction labor and materials was developed for hurricanes in the Southeast United States. The model showed that labor cost increases, rather than the material component, drove the total repair cost increases, and this finding could be extended to earthquakes. A study of past large-scale disasters suggested that there may be additional explanations for demand surge. Two such explanations specific to earthquakes are the exclusion of insurance coverage for earthquake damage and possible concurrent causation of damage from an earthquake followed by fire or tsunami. Additional research into these aspects might provide a better explanation for increased monetary losses after large- vs. small-scale earthquakes.
Olsen, Anna H.
Funds Survey, Fields of Science and Engineering Research to Universities and Colleges Historical Tables, Fiscal Years 1973-98
I'm Graduating This Year! So What IS an Engineer Anyway? Research Brief
It is often assumed that graduating engineering students readily envision what it means to be an engineer and what type of work they will be doing as engineers in the future. How can one know if this is true? This research begins to answer these questions by aiming to understand undergraduate engineering students' perceptions of themselves as�
Matusovich, Holly; Streveler, Ruth; Miller, Ron; Olds, Barbara
SPRE (Space Power Research Engine) 1 Free-Piston Stirling Engine Testing at NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Lewis Research Center.
As part of the NASA funded portion of the SP-100 Advanced Technology Program the Space Power Research Engine (SPRE 1) was designed and built to serve as a research tool for evaluation and development of advanced Stirling engine concepts. The SPRE 1 is des...
J. E. Cairelli
Demo Abstract: A High-Density Earthquake Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks
In this paper we present a high-density earthquake mon- itoring system using wireless sensor networks. For high- precision monitoring, we developed Pavenet OS, which is a hard-realtime operating system for sensor nodes, and ac- celeration sensor board. Sensor nodes of the system sample acceleration with less than 0.3 us jitter with Pavenet OS. The system provides earthquake engineering researchers the
Makoto Suzuki; Shunsuke Saruwatari; Hiroyuki Morikawa
Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Volume 25, No. 5, September 2002. Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Series A. Special Issue: Commemoration of Chi-Chi Earthquake (II).
Contents: Deep Electromagnetic Images of Seismogenic Zone of the Chi-Chi (Taiwan) Earthquake; New Techniques for Stress-Forecasting Earthquakes; Aspects of Characteristics of Near-Fault Ground Motions of the 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) Earthquake; Liquefaction ...
Why I Wanted More: Inspirational Experiences of the Teaching-Research Nexus for Engineering Undergraduates
What is it about the teaching-research nexus that inspires engineering undergraduates to want more and become researchers themselves? In this study, we sought to discover more about the influences on current PhD students' choices to embark on higher degrees by research in various fields in engineering in an Australian research-intensive�
Guerin, Cally; Ranasinghe, Damith
The Role of Doggedness in the Completion of an Undergraduate Degree in Engineering. Research Brief
Research in engineering education over the past 15 years has shown that the interest in pursuing undergraduate degrees in engineering has declined among graduating high school students. A large portion of this engineering education research focuses on factors used to predict the likelihood that a student will successfully complete an undergraduate�
McCain, Janice; Fleming, Lorraine; Williams, Dawn; Engerman, Kimarie
Young Engineers & Scientists (YES) - Engaging Teachers in Space Research
The Young Engineers and Scientists (YES) Program is a community partnership between Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and local high schools in San Antonio. It provides talented high school juniors and seniors a bridge between classroom instruction and real world, research experiences in physical sciences, information sciences, and engineering. YES consists of two parts: 1) An intensive three-week summer workshop held at SwRI where students experience the research environment first-hand; develop skills and acquire tools for solving scientific problems, attend mini-courses and seminars on electronics, C++ programming, the Internet, careers, science ethics, social impact of technology, and other topics; and select their individual research project with their mentor (SwRI staff member) to be completed during the academic year; and 2) A collegial mentorship where students complete individual research projects under the guidance of their mentors and teachers during the academic year and earn honors credit. At the end of the school year, students publicly present and display their work, acknowledging their accomplishments and spreading career awareness to other students and teachers. YES has been highly successful during the past nineteen (19) years. A total of 258 students have completed or are currently enrolled in YES. Of these students, 38% are females and 57% are ethnic minorities, reflecting the local diversity of the San Antonio area. All YES graduates have entered college, several work or have worked for SwRI, two businesses have formed, and three scientific publications have resulted. Sixteen (16) teacher participants have attended the YES workshop and have developed classroom materials based on their experiences in research at SwRI in the past three (3) years. In recognition of its excellence, YES received the Celebrate Success in 1996 and the Outstanding Campus Partner-of-the-Year Award in 2005, both from Northside Independent School District (San Antonio, Texas). Acknowledgments: We are grateful for support from the NASA MMS Mission E/PO Grant, SwRI, Northside Independent School District, and local charitable foundations.
Boice, D. C.; Reiff, P. H.
National Resources Canada: National Earthquake Hazards Program
From Natural Resources Canada comes the National Earthquake Hazards Program Web site. Those interested in earthquakes in general or specifically about physical science topics in Canada will appreciate the many informational offerings on the site. Readers can learn about historical earthquakes in Canada and how frequent they are, find out how earthquake hazards are evaluated, how to survive an earthquake, earthquake research in Canada, and much more. The Products and Publications link contains several interesting downloadable reports including monthly earthquake summaries, among others. All of these culminate in an interesting accumulation of seismic information and facts presented in a straightforward and easily read format.
Earthquake Demonstration
This demonstration uses an "earthquake machine" constructed from bricks, sand paper, and a winch, to simulate the buildup of elastic strain energy prior to a seismic event and the release of that energy during an earthquake.
George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Research (NEESR)
... coordinates education, outreach and training activities for NEES; develops partnerships nationally ... coordinates education, outreach and training activities for NEES; develops partnerships nationally ...
Persistence, Engagement, and Migration in Engineering Programs. Research Brief
Those responsible for designing, maintaining, and delivering engineering education are asking questions to understand the outcomes of undergraduate engineering programs. These questions have been motivated by concerns about the declining interest in studying engineering, the continued lack of gender and ethnic diversity in the engineering�
Ohland, Matthew W.; Sheppard, Sheri D.; Lichtenstein, Gary; Eris, Ozgur; Chachra, Debbie; Layton, Richard A.
Forecasting earthquakes
In this video there are scenes of damage from the Northridge Earthquake and interviews with Dr. Andrea Donnelan, Geophysics at JPL, and Dr. Jim Dolan, earthquake geologist from Cal. Tech. The interviews discuss earthquake forecasting by tracking changes in the earth's crust using antenna receiving signals from a series of satellites called the Global Positioning System (GPS).
Virtual Earthquake
This interactive feature shows students how an earthquake epicenter is located and how Richter magnitude is determined. They will use recordings of seismograms from three stations (provided in the activity), learn the difference between the focus and epicenter of an earthquake, and that the magnitude of an earthquake is an estimate of the amount of energy that it has released.
Novak, Gary
National clearinghouse for Loma Prieta earthquake information catalog, April 1992
This catalog lists 142 new citations on the Loma Prieta earthquake. Section titles are: General topics and conference proceedings; Selected topics in seismology; Engineering seismology; Strong-motion seismometry; Dynamics of soils, rocks, and foundations; Dynamics of structures; Earthquake-resistant design and construction; Earthquake damage; and Earthquakes as natural disasters. Included are indexes by author, title, subject, and format.
Mceer's Research on The Seismic Response Modification of Structural and Non-Structural Systems and Components in Hospitals
This paper describes the research currently underway at the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) on the applications of a broad range of seismic response modification technologies to protect structural and nonstructural systems and components in acute care facilities from the effects of earthquakes. An important component this research is to establish a relationship
Andre Filiatrault; Amjad Aref; Michel Bruneau
Development of a Long Range Plan for Engineering Research on Flexible Pavements.
A long range plan for engineering research on flexible pavements was developed for the U. S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory at Port Hueneme, California. The findings of the Navy's future needs were developed from interviews with personnel at NCEL and ...
B. M. Callaway C. R. Foster
Pulse Combustion Engineering Research Laboratory. Annual Report September 1, 1989-August 31, 1990.
The report describes progress made in setting up a Pulse Combustion Engineering Research Laboratory in the School of Aerospace Engineering at Georgia Tech. The laboratory will be equipped with modern diagnostic capabilities for investigating pulsating com...
B. T. Zinn B. R. Daniel J. I. Jagoda
Earthquake triggering
In this thesis, I present an observational study of multiplet earthquakes as a step towards understanding earthquake triggering. Several subsets of different seismicity catalogs are analyzed for earthquake clustering: (i) a global seismicity catalog of large (Msb{s} ? 7.1) earthquakes; (ii) catalogs of large, shallow (depth < 70km) and deep (depth ? 70km) earthquakes; (iii) regional catalogs in the Philippines and Kurils. Different space, time and magnitude criteria are explored to determine the degree of earthquake clustering for each sub-catalog. The observed earthquake clustering is compared against a null hypothesis: the Poisson process. Multiplets are earthquake clusters which cannot be explained by the Poisson process. We interpret multiplet occurrence as evidence for earthquake triggering. We find multiplets in all the sub-catalogs. The spatial distance within multiplets ranges from across the world, to several kilometers apart and the time within multiplets ranges from days to a few years. Moreover, multiplet occurrence is more common in some areas of the world than in others. Overall, across the global catalogs, approximately 10% of all large earthquakes are triggered by previous earthquakes. Detailed investigations of the source time functions of two multiplet sequences, the Kurils and the Philippines subduction zones revealed that earthquakes within multiplet sequences cannot be differentiated from non-multiplet earthquakes based on the properties of their source time function. This suggests that the rupture process of multiplet and non-multiplet earthquakes are the same. Three earthquake triggering mechanisms are explored: (i) earthquake to earthquake triggering; (ii) triggering due to external forces; (iii) triggering due to human activities. Earthquake to earthquake triggering via static and dynamic stress transfer imparts the most significant stress change and indeed, this thesis shows evidence for this mode of earthquake triggering. Each mechanism, however, changes the existing stress state on faults so that it is either brought closer or further from failure. In fact, if the fault is close enough to failure, an increase in stress by a tiny amount may be sufficient to trigger an earthquake.
Nomanbhoy, Nazli Moez
Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Chicago
The Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) at the University of Chicago emphasizes the interdisciplinary aspect of materials science. This Website is a metapage with links to all of the departments involved in the MRSEC, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, geoscience, and bioscience. A special feature of the MRSEC page is its Research Nuggets section that gives mini-lessons on recent discoveries at MRSEC. The "Nuggets" contain explanatory text, references, and illustrations (diagrams, photographs, or laboratory images) on topics in materials science such as templating, flow, and annealing. Users will also find an overview of the facilities, calendar of events, publications by faculty members, and research abstracts at the site. In addition, a nice section of links to outreach programs is featured. Learn about how the MRSEC has participated in public outreach projects with the Museum of Science and Industry and Chicago elementary schools and sponsored a science camp, teacher reeducation program, and minority outreach program, and more. The site is fully searchable too.
Machine learning, medical diagnosis, and biomedical engineering research - commentary
A large number of papers are appearing in the biomedical engineering literature that describe the use of machine learning techniques to develop classifiers for detection or diagnosis of disease. However, the usefulness of this approach in developing clinically validated diagnostic techniques so far has been limited and the methods are prone to overfitting and other problems which may not be immediately apparent to the investigators. This commentary is intended to help sensitize investigators as well as readers and reviewers of papers to some potential pitfalls in the development of classifiers, and suggests steps that researchers can take to help avoid these problems. Building classifiers should be viewed not simply as an add-on statistical analysis, but as part and parcel of the experimental process. Validation of classifiers for diagnostic applications should be considered as part of a much larger process of establishing the clinical validity of the diagnostic technique.
Machining of beryllium with the LLNL Precision Engineering Research Lathe
In August 1984, six flat samples of beryllium, which were prepared by Brush-Wellmen Corp. using various pressing and sintering processes, were machined at LLNL on the recently completed Precision Engineering Research Lathe (PERL). The purpose of this study, which was conducted in cooperation with the Hughes Aircraft Corporation and partially funded by that organization, was to determine the optical properties of machined beryllium surfaces when prepared under highly controlled conditions using high quality machine tools and CBN (cubic boron nitrite) cutting tools. This report will summarize the materials properties, the machining conditions used on the PERL and a comparison of the completed samples using optical measuring techniques and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mirror surface reflecting measurements in the IR region are to be made by the group at Hughes Aircraft and will be exchanged with LLNL as a part of this joint technical effort. 3 refs., 14 figs.
Foley, R.J.
Research Prototype: Automated Analysis of Scientific and Engineering Semantics
Physical and mathematical formulae and concepts are fundamental elements of scientific and engineering software. These classical equations and methods are time tested, universally accepted, and relatively unambiguous. The existence of this classical ontology suggests an ideal problem for automated comprehension. This problem is further motivated by the pervasive use of scientific code and high code development costs. To investigate code comprehension in this classical knowledge domain, a research prototype has been developed. The prototype incorporates scientific domain knowledge to recognize code properties (including units, physical, and mathematical quantity). Also, the procedure implements programming language semantics to propagate these properties through the code. This prototype's ability to elucidate code and detect errors will be demonstrated with state of the art scientific codes.
Stewart, Mark E. M.; Follen, Greg (Technical Monitor)
Machine learning, medical diagnosis, and biomedical engineering research - commentary.
A large number of papers are appearing in the biomedical engineering literature that describe the use of machine learning techniques to develop classifiers for detection or diagnosis of disease. However, the usefulness of this approach in developing clinically validated diagnostic techniques so far has been limited and the methods are prone to overfitting and other problems which may not be immediately apparent to the investigators. This commentary is intended to help sensitize investigators as well as readers and reviewers of papers to some potential pitfalls in the development of classifiers, and suggests steps that researchers can take to help avoid these problems. Building classifiers should be viewed not simply as an add-on statistical analysis, but as part and parcel of the experimental process. Validation of classifiers for diagnostic applications should be considered as part of a much larger process of establishing the clinical validity of the diagnostic technique. PMID:24998888
Foster, Kenneth R; Koprowski, Robert; Skufca, Joseph D
Report of the research results with University of Tokyo, Nuclear Engineering Research laboratory's Facilities in fiscal 1992.
This publication summarizes the results of the joint utilization of the research 'Yayoi' and the electron beam accelerator in the Nuclear Engineering Research Laboratory, University of Tokyo, in the fiscal year 1992. The Yayoi was operated smoothly throug...
Optical Science And Engineering: New Directions And Opportunities In Research And Education
The strength and quality of its research programs allow NSF to undertake a cross-disciplinary research program in Optical Science and Engineering with confidence that the proposed research projects will be of the highest quality. Solid-State Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, and Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers also include OS&E research activities. The multidisciplinary research challenges to achieve this "paper-like" viewer are formidable and include basic physics and ...
Istanbul Earthquake Early Warning System
As part of the preparations for the future earthquake in Istanbul a Rapid Response and Early Warning system in the metropolitan area is in operation. For the Early Warning system ten strong motion stations were installed as close as possible to the fault zone. Continuous on-line data from these stations via digital radio modem provide early warning for potentially disastrous earthquakes. Considering the complexity of fault rupture and the short fault distances involved, a simple and robust Early Warning algorithm, based on the exceedance of specified threshold time domain amplitude levels is implemented. The band-pass filtered accelerations and the cumulative absolute velocity (CAV) are compared with specified threshold levels. When any acceleration or CAV (on any channel) in a given station exceeds specific threshold values it is considered a vote. Whenever we have 2 station votes within selectable time interval, after the first vote, the first alarm is declared. In order to specify the appropriate threshold levels a data set of near field strong ground motions records form Turkey and the world has been analyzed. Correlations among these thresholds in terms of the epicenter distance the magnitude of the earthquake have been studied. The encrypted early warning signals will be communicated to the respective end users. Depending on the location of the earthquake (initiation of fault rupture) and the recipient facility the alarm time can be as high as about 8s. The first users of the early warning signal will be the Istanbul gas company (IGDAS) and the metro line using the immersed tube tunnel (MARMARAY). Other prospective users are power plants and power distribution systems, nuclear research facilities, critical chemical factories, petroleum facilities and high-rise buildings. In this study, different algorithms based on PGA, CAV and various definitions of instrumental intensity will be discussed and triggering threshold levels of these parameters will be studied. More complex algorithms based on artificial neural networks (ANN) can also be used [Boese et al., 2003]. ANN approach considers the problem of earthquake early-warning as a pattern recognition task. The seismic patterns can be defined by the shape and frequency content of the parts of accelerograms that are available at each time step. ANN can extract the engineering parameters PGA, CAV and instrumental intensity from these patterns, and map them to any location in the surrounded area. Boese M., Erdik, M., Wenzel, F. (2003), Artificial Neural Networks for Earthquake Early Warning, Proceedings AGU2003 Abstracts, S42B-0155
Alcik, H.; Mert, A.; Ozel, O.; Erdik, M.
Geotechnical aspects of the January 2003 Tecoma??n, Mexico, earthquake
Ground failure was the most prominent geotechnical engineering feature of the 21 January 2003 Mw 7.6 Tecoma??n earthquake. Ground failure impacted structures, industrial facilities, roads, water supply canals, and other critical infrastructure in the state of Colima and in parts of the neighboring states of Jalisco and Michoaca??n. Landslides and soil liquefaction were the most common type of ground failure, followed by seismic compression of unsaturated materials. Reinforced earth structures generally performed well during the earthquake, though some structures experienced permanent lateral deformations up to 10 cm. Different ground improvement techniques had been used to enhance the liquefaction resistance of several sites in the region, all of which performed well and exhibited no signs of damage or significant ground deformation. Earth dams in the region experienced some degree of permanent deformation but remained fully functional after the earthquake. ?? 2005, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
Wartman, J.; Rodriguez-Marek, A.; Macari, E. J.; Deaton, S.; Ramirez-Reynaga, M.; Ochoa, C. N.; Callan, S.; Keefer, D.; Repetto, P.; Ovando-Shelley, E.
Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster
Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. Using online resources and simulations available through the Earthquakes Living Lab, students explore the consequences of subsurface ground type and building height on seismic destruction. Working in pairs, students think like engineers to apply what they have learned to sketches of their own building designs intended to withstand strong-magnitude earthquakes. A worksheet serves as a student guide for the activity.
Civil And Environmental Engineering Department
Earthquakes: The Prehistoric Record
Geologic features altered by earthquakes provide striking evidence of the power of seismic events. This video segment explores the research of Dr. Kerry Sieh, a geologist at the California Institute of Technology, who is dating sediment layers broken and offset by earthquakes in the past to determine the rate at which strain is accumulating towards the next event. The segment is three minutes nineteen seconds in length. A background essay and discussion questions are included.
Final priority; National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research--Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers. Final priority.
The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services announces a priority under the Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program administered by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). Specifically, we announce a priority for a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on Improving the Accessibility, Usability, and Performance of Technology for Individuals who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. The Assistant Secretary may use this priority for competitions in fiscal year (FY) 2014 and later years. We take this action to focus research attention on an area of national need. We intend the priority to contribute to improving the accessibility, usability, and performance of technology for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. PMID:25016623
The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services announces a priority for the Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program administered by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). Specifically, we announce a priority for a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on Technologies to Enhance Independence in Daily Living for Adults with Cognitive Impairments. The Assistant Secretary may use this priority for competitions in fiscal year (FY) 2014 and later years. We take this action to focus research attention on an area of national need. We intend the priority to contribute to improved outcomes related to independence in daily activities in the home, community, or workplace setting for adults with cognitive impairments. PMID:24908686
Mapping Engineering Concepts for Secondary Level Education. Final Report. Research in Engineering and Technology Education
Much of the national attention on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education tends to concentrate on science and mathematics, with its emphasis on standardized test scores. However as the National Academy of Engineering Committee on K-12 Engineering Education stressed, engineering can contribute to the development of an�
Daugherty, Jenny L.
Fire Safety Engineering Research and Technology Centre (FireSERT) University of Ulster: Recent Developments
The Institute of Fire Safety Engineering Research and Technology Centre (FireSERT) at the University of Ulster in Northern Ireland has been a major provider of higher technical fire safety education, fire related research and services to industry for over 20 years. Its internationally recognised research spans the fields of fire dynamics, structural fire engineering, human behaviour in fire and more
T. J. Shields
The article discusses air pollution engineering research at the U. S. EPA, and particularly AEERL's role in that research which, in some areas, predates the Agency's. EPA's engineering research programs are shifting from an initial focus on sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide pollu...
This paper gives a history of research and development concerning earthquake disaster prevention systems in Japan railways. Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI) has established a new algorithm in evaluating quickly seismic source parameters (magnitude and epicenter location) from the initial part of P waves and developed a new earthquake quick alarm system (EQAS) which utilizes prompt earthquake information that will
Kimitoshi ASHIYA
The mission of the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory is to advance the understanding, development and application of engineering solutions for the prevention or reduction of risks from environmental contamination. This mission is accomplished through basic and applied researc...
Initiatives to Reduce Earthquake Risk of Developing Countries
The seventeen-year-and-counting history of the Palo Alto-based nonprofit organization GeoHazards International (GHI) is the story of many initiatives within a larger initiative to increase the societal impact of geophysics and civil engineering. GHI's mission is to reduce death and suffering due to earthquakes and other natural hazards in the world's most vulnerable communities through preparedness, mitigation and advocacy. GHI works by raising awareness in these communities about their risk and about affordable methods to manage it, identifying and strengthening institutions in these communities to manage their risk, and advocating improvement in natural disaster management. Some of GHI's successful initiatives include: (1) creating an earthquake scenario for Quito, Ecuador that describes in lay terms the consequences for that city of a probable earthquake; (2) improving the curricula of Pakistani university courses about seismic retrofitting; (3) training employees of the Public Works Department of Delhi, India on assessing the seismic vulnerability of critical facilities such as a school, a hospital, a police headquarters, and city hall; (4) assessing the vulnerability of the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala, India; (5) developing a seismic hazard reduction plan for a nonprofit organization in Kathmandu, Nepal that works to manage Nepal's seismic risk; and (6) assisting in the formulation of a resolution by the Council of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to promote school earthquake safety among OECD member countries. GHI's most important resource, in addition to its staff and Board of Trustees, is its members and volunteer advisors, who include some of the world's leading earth scientists, earthquake engineers, urban planners and architects, from the academic, public, private and nonprofit sectors. GHI is planning several exciting initiatives in the near future. One would oversee the design and construction of an earthquake- and tsunami-resistant structure in Sumatra to house a tsunami museum, a community training center, and offices of a local NGO that is preparing Padang for the next tsunami. This facility would be designed and built by a team of US and Indonesian academics, architects, engineers and students. Another initiative would launch a collaborative research program on school earthquake safety with the scientists and engineers from the US and the ten Islamic countries that comprise the Economic Cooperation Organization. Finally, GHI hopes to develop internet and satellite communication techniques that will allow earthquake risk managers in the US to interact with masons, government officials, engineers and architects in remote communities of vulnerable developing countries, closing the science and engineering divide.
Tucker, B. E.
SR-71 Research Engineer Marta Bohn-Meyer
This 1992 photo shows SR-71 flight engineer Marta Bohn-Meyer in front of one of NASA's SR-71 aircraft on the ramp at the Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility (later, Dryden Flight Research Center), Edwards, California. An aerospace engineer who has been at Dryden since 1979, Bohn-Meyer is the first female crew member ever assigned to fly in the SR-71. Data from the SR-71 program carried out by NASA will be used to aid designers of future supersonic aircraft and propulsion systems. Two SR-71 aircraft have been used by NASA as testbeds for high-speed and high-altitude aeronautical research. The aircraft, an SR-71A and an SR-71B pilot trainer aircraft, have been based here at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. They were transferred to NASA after the U.S. Air Force program was cancelled. As research platforms, the aircraft can cruise at Mach 3 for more than one hour. For thermal experiments, this can produce heat soak temperatures of over 600 degrees Fahrenheit (F). This operating environment makes these aircraft excellent platforms to carry out research and experiments in a variety of areas -- aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, thermal protection materials, high-speed and high-temperature instrumentation, atmospheric studies, and sonic boom characterization. The SR-71 was used in a program to study ways of reducing sonic booms or over pressures that are heard on the ground, much like sharp thunderclaps, when an aircraft exceeds the speed of sound. Data from this Sonic Boom Mitigation Study could eventually lead to aircraft designs that would reduce the 'peak' overpressures of sonic booms and minimize the startling affect they produce on the ground. One of the first major experiments to be flown in the NASA SR-71 program was a laser air data collection system. It used laser light instead of air pressure to produce airspeed and attitude reference data, such as angle of attack and sideslip, which are normally obtained with small tubes and vanes extending into the airstream. One of Dryden's SR-71s was used for the Linear Aerospike Rocket Engine, or LASRE Experiment. Another earlier project consisted of a series of flights using the SR-71 as a science camera platform for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. An upward-looking ultraviolet video camera placed in the SR-71's nosebay studied a variety of celestial objects in wavelengths that are blocked to ground-based astronomers. Earlier in its history, Dryden had a decade of past experience at sustained speeds above Mach 3. Two YF-12A aircraft and an SR-71 designated as a YF-12C were flown at the center between December 1969 and November 1979 in a joint NASA/USAF program to learn more about the capabilities and limitations of high-speed, high-altitude flight. The YF-12As were prototypes of a planned interceptor aircraft based on a design that later evolved into the SR-71 reconnaissance aircraft. Dave Lux was the NASA SR-71 project manger for much of the decade of the 1990s, followed by Steve Schmidt. Developed for the USAF as reconnaissance aircraft more than 30 years ago, SR-71s are still the world's fastest and highest-flying production aircraft. The aircraft can fly at speeds of more than 2,200 miles per hour (Mach 3+, or more than three times the speed of sound) and at altitudes of over 85,000 feet. The Lockheed Skunk Works (now Lockheed Martin) built the original SR-71 aircraft. Each aircraft is 107.4 feet long, has a wingspan of 55.6 feet, and is 18.5 feet high (from the ground to the top of the rudders, when parked). Gross takeoff weight is about 140,000 pounds, including a possible fuel weight of 80,280 pounds. The airframes are built almost entirely of titanium and titanium alloys to withstand heat generated by sustained Mach 3 flight. Aerodynamic control surfaces consist of all-moving vertical tail surfaces, ailerons on the outer wings, and elevators on the trailing edges between the engine exhaust nozzles. The two SR-71s at Dryden have been assigned the following NASA tail numbers: NASA 844 (A model), military serial 61-79
Role of Young Scientists in the Emergency Response and Scientific Investigation Related to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: Performance Evaluation and Discussion on the Implications to Seismological Education and Training
The Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake is one of the largest inland earthquakes in continental China in the last 30 years. Over twenty thousand aftershocks were detected and aftershocks are still occurring along the Longmenshan thrust fault. Facing challenge of such large earthquakes, it is a new problem for our education, training and human resource management about how to respond quickly and arrange effectively to reduce the earthquake disasters and carry out relative researches. For such an earthquake, the Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration (IGPCEA) organized a series of investigation immediately after the quake. The researches include application in seismology, geomagnetism, seismotectonics, engineering seismology, earthquake engineering and socio-seismology. In the third day after the earthquake, many young scientists involved in the deployment of mobile seismic stations to record aftershock sequence. Up to now, 79 experts of our institute have been arranged to go to the meizoseismal region for monitoring and investigation. Among them, over 40 young scientists are no more than 40 years old, including many graduates. Less than 36 hours after the Wenchuan earthquake, 17 quick reports have been sent to China Earthquake Administration for the consultation of the emergency response. These researches dealt with a wide-band of topics from earthquake location, focal mechanism, rupture processes to suggestion on the rescue actions. According to experiences and lessons of the field works in the Wenchuan earthquake, it is deserved for us to think how to arrange theoretical courses and practical training more practical for young graduates and scientists to meet the demands of the reduction of earthquake disasters. Key words: Wenchuan earthquake; Longmenshan fault; young scientists; education and training
Qiao, S.; Zhang, D.; Chen, Y.; Xiao, C.; Feng, C.
General aviation energy-conservation research programs at NASA-Lewis Research Center. [for non-turbine general aviation engines
A review is presented of non-turbine general aviation engine programs underway at the NASA-Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. The program encompasses conventional, lightweight diesel and rotary engines. Its three major thrusts are, in order of priority: (1) reduced SFCs; (2) improved fuels tolerance; and (3) reducing emissions. Current and planned future programs in such areas as lean operation, improved fuel management, advanced cooling techniques and advanced engine concepts, are described. These are expected to lay the technology base, by the mid to latter 1980s, for engines whose total fuel costs are as much as 30% lower than today's conventional engines.
Willis, E. A.
A Module to Foster Engineering Creativity: An Interpolative Design Problem and an Extrapolative Research Project
This article describes a teaching module designed to enhance engineering creativity in an introductory chemical engineering course. The module includes an exercise to design column packing material, and an open-ended research project to describe the societal impact of chemical engineering. These assignments were created to illustrate the benefit�
Forbes, Neil S.
The Power and the Pleasure? A Research Agenda for "Making Gender Stick" to Engineers.
Seeks to open up a new avenue for feminist technology studies--gender-aware research on engineers and engineering practice--on the grounds that engineers are power symbols of the equation between masculinity and technology, and occupy significant roles in shaping new technologies. (Author/CCM)
Faulkner, Wendy
Same Courses, Different Outcomes? Variations in Confidence, Experience, and Preparation in Engineering Design. Research Brief
There is evidence in the literature that women have lower confidence in their skills and knowledge than men, particularly in areas considered crucial for engineering, like math and science. This difference has been linked to gender gaps in engineering enrollment and persistence. This study of engineering students extends research on gender�
Morozov, Andrew; Kilgore, Deborah; Yasuhara, Ken; Atman, Cindy
Earthquake Plotting
Do earthquakes tend to happen in certain locations on Earth? Are there predictable patterns to where earthquakes will occur? The Earth is divided into large tectonic plates that move on a ductile layer of material in the mantle (the Asthenosphere). Earthquakes tend to occur along the boundaries where these plates either collide with one another or try to slide one past the other. Today you will plot on a map the location of every earthquake with a magnitude greater than 4.0 within the past week to see if any patterns appear. You will need Dynamic Crust lab #3 (Earthquake Plotting) from your lab books and your Earth Science Reference Tables. Vocabulary: Use the following website to find definitions to the vocabulary terms in the lab. Geology Dictionary Procedures: Go to this site to find a list of \\"Latest Earthquakes Magnitude 2.5 or Greater in the United States ...
Perry, Mr.
Kio, Mr.
Science, Vvs E.
NSF Tokyo Report: Seismo-Electromagnetic Research in the Earthquake Remote Sensing Frontier Research Project, EORC/NASDA
... Afonin et al. (1997), using the data base of plasma density recordings from the Russian satellite ... n of seismic activity and ionospheric plasma density variations. On going research within the ...
Design of a high-performance rotary stratified-charge research aircraft engine
The power section for an advanced rotary stratified-charge general aviation engine has been designed under contract to NASA. The single-rotor research engine of 40 cubic-inches displacement (RCI-40), now being procured for test initiation this summer, is targeted for 320 T.O. horse-power in a two-rotor production engine. The research engine is designed for operating on jet-fuel, gasoline or diesel fuel and will be used to explore applicable advanced technologies and to optimize high output performance variables. Design of major components of the engine is described in this paper.
Jones, C.; Mount, R. E.
This activity has students gather and plot records of earthquakes. It is designed to be either long or short term, depending on the needs of the instructor. Students will gain practice working with map coordinates while becoming familiar with the frequency of earthquake occurrences, the location and magnitude of earthquakes, and the locations of plate boundaries. In addition, this exercise will illustrate the importance of measurements, data storage, analysis and worldwide scientific collaboration.
Rauch, Arden
Glacial earthquakes
We have identified a new class of moderate earthquakes (seismic magnitude around 5) that occur beneath glaciers. The previously unknown glacial earthquakes generate long-period (20--60~sec) seismic surface waves that are well recorded on globally distributed seismic stations, but which have previously gone undetected because they do not generate the high-frequency seismic waves on which traditional earthquake detection and location methodologies
G. Ekstr�m; M. Nettles; G. A. Abers
RAPID: Collaborative Research: Offshore coseismic effects of the Port au Prince earthquake, Haiti
Intellectual Merit: The national catastrophe in Haiti calls for an immediate response from the geoscience community. Urgent field research includes offshore areas of Haiti where some of the active and seismogenic structures associated with the broad plate boundary have their expressions and a tsunami was generated. We propose a survey of faults and related structures along the coast of Haiti
C. McHugh; J. Diebold; M.-H. Cormier; L. Seeber; M. Steckler; S. Gulick; M. Hornbach
Discussion of the design of satellite-laser measurement stations in the eastern Mediterranean under the geological aspect. Contribution to the earthquake prediction research by the Wegener Group and to NASA's Crustal Dynamics Project
Research conducted for determining the location of stations for measuring crustal dynamics and predicting earthquakes is discussed. Procedural aspects, the extraregional kinematic tendencies, and regional tectonic deformation mechanisms are described.
Paluska, A.; Pavoni, N.
Women: Support Factors and Persistence in Engineering. Research in Engineering and Technology Education
Limited information is available regarding the factors that promote persistence by women in engineering programs. Stated simply, the problem is that the number of women engineers continues to fall short in comparison to the gender ratio of women to men in the population in the U.S. (BEST, 2002) and worldwide (Hersh, 2000). More women engineers are�
Duncan, John R.; Zeng, Yong
Earthquake prediction
This book presents the papers given at a symposium on the forecasting of earthquakes. Topics considered at the symposium included earthquake precursors, aftershocks, seismicity, changes in gravity in epicenters before earthquakes, rock mechanics, seismology, stress fields due to offsets of inclined faults, computerized simulation, geophysical prediction methods, individual and group response to earthquake prediction, the economics of forecasting, the role of institutions, the communication of predictions and warnings, foreshocks, social impacts, the implementation of seismic safety legislation, political aspects, socio-economic factors, and administrative consequences of prediction.
Present situation of the research and application of engineering multiwave seismic prospecting in China
In four aspects, which are the leading exploration of mine and tunnel; engineering geological hazard prospecting and engineering\\u000a shock resistance; non-destructive testing of engineering quality; the measurement of rock physical properties, this paper\\u000a gives a detailed summary and some comments on the present situation of the research and application of the ideas, theories\\u000a and methods of engineering multiwave seismic prospecting.
Xiao-Ping Wu; Hong-Ru Zhao
A review of internal combustion engine combustion chamber process studies at NASA Lewis Research Center
The performance of internal combustion stratified-charge engines is highly dependent on the in-cylinder fuel-air mixing processes occurring in these engines. Current research concerning the in-cylinder airflow characteristics of rotary and piston engines is presented. Results showing the output of multidimensional models, laser velocimetry measurements and the application of a holographic optical element are described. Models which simulate the four-stroke cycle and seal dynamics of rotary engines are also discussed.
Schock, H. J.
Ethical Issues in Engineering Models: An Operations Researcher�s Reflections
This article starts with an overview of the author�s personal involvement�as an Operations Research consultant�in several\\u000a engineering case-studies that may raise ethical questions; e.g., case-studies on nuclear waste, water management, sustainable\\u000a ecology, military tactics, and animal welfare. All these case studies employ computer simulation models. In general, models\\u000a are meant to solve practical problems, which may have ethical implications for
Jack P. C. Kleijnen
An Engineering Approach to Management of Occupational and Community Noise Exposure at NASA Lewis Research Center
Workplace and environmental noise issues at NASA Lewis Research Center are effectively managed via a three-part program that addresses hearing conservation, community noise control, and noise control engineering. The Lewis Research Center Noise Exposure Management Program seeks to limit employee noise exposure and maintain community acceptance for critical research while actively pursuing engineered controls for noise generated by more than 100 separate research facilities and the associated services required for their operation.
Cooper, Beth A.
...2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What collaboration must a Rehabilitation Engineering...Secretary Assist? § 350.31 What collaboration must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research...Research Center must be operated by or in collaboration with� (a) One or more...
...2009-07-01 2009-07-01 false What collaboration must a Rehabilitation Engineering...Secretary Assist? § 350.31 What collaboration must a Rehabilitation Engineering Research...Research Center must be operated by or in collaboration with� (a) One or more...
Effective methods for training Japanese industry research engineers to write proper technical papers in English
This paper describes twenty-five-year experience of how I have been training Japanese research engineers in industry research laboratories to write proper technical papers and conference abstracts in English so that their papers and abstracts can be easily understood by native speakers of English. Since almost all these engineers have not been taught how to write technical papers in English, they
Y. A. Ono
Engineering Research and Development and Technology thrust area report FY92
The mission of the Engineering Research, Development, and Technology Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is to develop the technical staff and the technology needed to support current and future LLNL programs. To accomplish this mission, the Engineering Research, Development, and Technology Program has two important goals: (1) to identify key technologies and (2) to conduct high-quality work to
R. T. Langland; C. Minichino
Earth Science Research in DUSEL; a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory in the United States
A summary of efforts to create one or more Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratories (DUSEL) in the United States is presented. A workshop in Berkeley, August 11-14, 2004, explored the technical requirements of DUSEL for research in basic and applied geological and microbiological sciences, together with elementary particle physics and integrated education and public outreach. The workshop was organized by Bernard Sadoulet, an astrophysicist and the principal investigator (PI) of a community-wide DUSEL program evolving in coordination with the National Science Foundation. The PI team has three physicists (in nuclear science, high-energy physics, and astrophysics) and three earth scientists (in geoscience, biology and engineering). Presentations, working group reports, links to previous workshop/meeting talks, and information about DUSEL candidate sites, are presented in http://neutrino.lbl.gov/DUSELS-1. The Berkeley workshop is a continuation of decades of efforts, the most recent including the 2001 Underground Science Conference's earth science and geomicrobiology workshops, the 2002 International Workshop on Neutrino and Subterranean Science, and the 2003 EarthLab Report. This perspective (from three earth science co-PIs, the lead author of EarthLab report, the lead scientist of education/outreach, and the local earth science organizer) is to inform the community on the status of this national initiative, and to invite their active support. Having a dedicated facility with decades-long, extensive three-dimensional underground access was recognized as the most important single attribute of DUSEL. Many research initiatives were identified and more are expected as the broader community becomes aware of DUSEL. Working groups were organized to evaluate hydrology and coupled processes; geochemistry; rock mechanics/seismology; applications (e.g., homeland security, environment assessment, petroleum recovery, and carbon sequestration); geomicrobiology and micro/molecular evolution. Ideas articulated both at and subsequent to the workshop will be evolved in site-specific programs at Henderson Mine, CO; Homestake Mine, SD; Icicle Creek, WA; Kimballton Mine, VA; Mt. San Jacinto, CA; Soudan Mine, MN; Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, NM; and several other potential sites in abandoned mines and new tunnels below high mountains. The feasibility of multiple DUSELs is being investigated. The sites also offer opportunities to study tectonic and crustal evolution from deep crust in ancient rocks, in sedimentary formations, to igneous processes. Although any one site is inevitably limited with respect to the research scope, advances in understanding and in testing techniques from DUSEL can facilitate shorter-term studies at environmental and industrial sites, where access for long-term research is not possible. International integration with the Underground Research Laboratories (URLs) is intended. Scientists conducting ongoing studies in energy/resource production, environmental protection, earthquake prediction, and industrial manufacture in low-background underground settings are all welcome to participate/contribute to both generic and site-specific proposals for DUSELs.
Fairhurst, C.; Onstott, T. C.; Tiedje, J. M.; McPherson, B.; Pfiffner, S. M.; Wang, J. S.
The method to determine the input strong ground motion is a key factor in the seismic performance assessment of road embankments. However, the procedure to choose the method is dependent on the experience and capability of the engineers. In this study, a questionnaire survey to 83 researchers and engineers of the earthquake engineering field in Japan is conducted to reveal their recognition on the features for various earthquake motion determination method. The procedure to conduct microtremor measurement for input strong motion determination and zoning judgement based on H/V spectrum obtained by microtremor measurements are also investigated. The results of the questionnaire are useful for a reference in practical earthquake motion determination for road embankments.
Ichii, Koji; Hata, Yoshiya; Murata, Akira
Frontiers in Chemical Engineering. Research Needs and Opportunities.
Chemical engineers play a key role in industries such as petroleum, food, artificial fibers, petrochemicals, plastics and many others. They are needed to tailor manufacturing technology to the requirements of products and to integrate product and process design. This report discusses how chemical engineers are continuing to address technological�
National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources.
The Future for Industrial Engineers: Education and Research Opportunities
EU graduation and the recruitment of industrial engineers (IEs) have been investigated. An increasing demand is observed for graduates in almost all industrial engineering (IE) subjects. The labour market in the EU is evolving towards the service sector even if manufacturing still represents a significant share of both IE employment and gross�
Mummolo, Giovanni
A summary of NASA/Air Force full scale engine research programs using the F100 engine
A full scale engine research (FSER) program conducted with the F100 engine is presented. The program mechanism is described and the F100 test vehicles utilized are illustrated. Technology items were addressed in the areas of swirl augmentation, flutter phenomenon, advanced electronic control logic theory, strain gage technology and distortion sensitivity. The associated test programs are described. The FSER approach utilizes existing state of the art engine hardware to evaluate advanced technology concepts and problem areas. Aerodynamic phenomenon previously not considered by design systems were identified and incorporated into industry design tools.
Deskin, W. J.; Hurrell, H. G.
Developing and implementing a successful research experience for undergraduates program: a roadmap designed by the Engineering Research Center for Particle Science and Technology
Engineers recognize the importance of providing undergraduates with multidisciplinary research experiences as part of an engineering curriculum. The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports this endeavour through the Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Program. The NSF Engineering Research Center for Particle Science and Technology (ERC) at the University of Florida (UF) is committed to providing UF undergraduates with research opportunities, providing
Anne E. Donnelly; Kerry Carlin Morgan; Soo Aldrich
Software Engineering Research/Developer Collaborations (C104)
The goal of this collaboration was to produce Flight Software Branch (FSB) process standards for software inspections which could be used across three new missions within the FSB. The standard was developed by Dr. Forrest Shull (Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, Maryland) using the Perspective-Based Inspection approach, (PBI research has been funded by SARP) , then tested on a pilot Branch project. Because the short time scale of the collaboration ruled out a quantitative evaluation, it would be decided whether the standard was suitable for roll-out to other Branch projects based on a qualitative measure: whether the standard received high ratings from Branch personnel as to usability and overall satisfaction. The project used for piloting the Perspective-Based Inspection approach was a multi-mission framework designed for reuse. This was a good choice because key representatives from the three new missions would be involved in the inspections. The perspective-based approach was applied to produce inspection procedures tailored for the specific quality needs of the branch. The technical information to do so was largely drawn through a series of interviews with Branch personnel. The framework team used the procedures to review requirements. The inspections were useful for indicating that a restructuring of the requirements document was needed, which led to changes in the development project plan. The standard was sent out to other Branch personnel for review. Branch personnel were very positive. However, important changes were identified because the perspective of Attitude Control System (ACS) developers had not been adequately represented, a result of the specific personnel interviewed. The net result is that with some further work to incorporate the ACS perspective, and in synchrony with the roll out of independent Branch standards, the PBI approach will be implemented in the FSB. Also, the project intends to continue its collaboration with the technology provider (Dr. Forrest Shull) past the end of the grant, to allow a more rigorous quantitative evaluation.
Shell, Elaine; Shull, Forrest
Research Plan of the Department of Systems Engineering and the Operations Research Center for Academic Year 2007.
The purpose of this document is to formally present the research program of the U.S. Military Academy Department of Systems Engineering (DSE) and the Operations Research Center for Excellence (ORCEN) for the Academic Year 06-07. The research plan includes...
S. R. Goerger T. E. Trainor P. Finnegan
The state of the art in earthquake prediction is discussed. Short-term prediction based on seismic precursors, changes in the ratio of compressional velocity to shear velocity, tilt and strain precursors, electromagnetic precursors, hydrologic phenomena, chemical monitors, and animal behavior is examined. Seismic hazard assessment is addressed, and the applications of dynamical systems to earthquake prediction are discussed.
Turcotte, Donald L.
Plotting Earthquakes
In this activity, students plot daily earthquake locations on a world map. They will understand that earthquakes are not randomly distributed around the Earth, but occur at plate interfaces, and learn to identify the 'Ring of Fire' around the Pacific Basin.
Gilhooly, Brian
Report of the research results with University of Tokyo, Nuclear Engineering Research Laboratory's Facilities in fiscal 1991.
This publication summarizes the results of the joint utilization of the nuclear reactor 'Yayoi' and the electron beam accelerator in the Nuclear Engineering Research Laboratory, University of Tokyo, in fiscal year 1991. The Yayoi was operated smoothly thr...
Research on hypersonic aircraft using pre-cooled turbojet engines
Systems analysis of a Mach 5 class hypersonic aircraft is performed. The aircraft can fly across the Pacific Ocean in 2 h. A multidisciplinary optimization program for aerodynamics, structure, propulsion, and trajectory is used in the analysis. The result of each element model is improved using higher accuracy analysis tools. The aerodynamic performance of the hypersonic aircraft is examined through hypersonic wind tunnel tests. A thermal management system based on the data of the wind tunnel tests is proposed. A pre-cooled turbojet engine is adopted as the propulsion system for the hypersonic aircraft. The engine can be operated continuously from take-off to Mach 5. This engine uses a pre-cooling cycle using cryogenic liquid hydrogen. The high temperature inlet air of hypersonic flight would be cooled by the same liquid hydrogen used as fuel. The engine is tested under sea level static conditions. The engine is installed on a flight test vehicle. Both liquid hydrogen fuel and gaseous hydrogen fuel are supplied to the engine from a tank and cylinders installed within the vehicle. The designed operation of major components of the engine is confirmed. A large amount of liquid hydrogen is supplied to the pre-cooler in order to make its performance sufficient for Mach 5 flight. Thus, fuel rich combustion is adopted at the afterburner. The experiments are carried out under the conditions that the engine is mounted upon an experimental airframe with both set up either horizontally or vertically. As a result, the operating procedure of the pre-cooled turbojet engine is demonstrated.
Taguchi, Hideyuki; Kobayashi, Hiroaki; Kojima, Takayuki; Ueno, Atsushi; Imamura, Shunsuke; Hongoh, Motoyuki; Harada, Kenya
Multi-disciplinary earthquake researches in Western Turkey: Hints to select sites to study geochemical transients associated to seismicity
Warm and hot spring water as well as soil gas radon release patterns have been monitored in the Aegean Extensional Province of Western Turkey, alongside regional seismic events, providing a multi-disciplinary approach. In the study period of 20 months, seven moderate earthquakes with M L between 4.0 and 4.7 occurred in this seismically very active region; two earthquakes with magnitude 5.0 also occurred near the study area. Seismic monitoring showed no foreshock activity. By contrast, hydro-geochemical anomalies were found prior to these seismic events, each lasting for weeks. The anomalies occurred foremost in conjunction with dip-slip events and seem to support the dilatancy and water diffusion hypothesis. Increased soil gas radon release was recorded before earthquakes associated with strike-slip faults, but no soil radon anomalies were seen before earthquakes associated with dip-slip faults. Geochemical anomalies were also noticeably absent at some springs throughout the postulated deformation zones of impending earthquakes. The reason for this discrepancy might be due to stress/strain anisotropies.
Inan, Sedat; Ertekin, Kadriye; Seyis, Cemil; ?im?ek, ?akir; Kulak, Furkan; Dikba?, Aynur; Tan, Onur; Ergintav, Semih; �akmak, Rah?an; Y�r�k, Ahmet; �ergel, Muhiddin; Yakan, Hakan; Karaku?, H�seyin; Saat�ilar, Ruhi; Ak�i?, Zafer; Iravul, Y?ld?z; T�zel, Bekir
The 1976 Tangshan, China Earthquake. Papers Presented at the U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (2nd) Held at Stanford University on August 22-24, 1979.
Papers presented in this proceedings contain descriptions of the damage done by the Tangshan earthquake, give some of the lessons learned from the quake, explain measures being taken to mitigate such disasters in the future, and discuss various technical ...
J. A. Blume
Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes
Students learn how engineers characterize earthquakes through seismic data. Then, acting as engineers, they use real-world seismograph data and a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab to locate earthquake epicenters via triangulation and determine earthquake magnitudes. Student pairs examine seismic waves, S waves and P waves recorded on seismograms, measuring the key S-P interval. Students then determine the maximum S wave amplitudes in order to determine earthquake magnitude, a measure of the amount of energy released. Students consider how engineers might use and implement seismic data in their design work. A worksheet serves as a student guide for the activity.
Major improvements in progress for Southern California Earthquake Monitoring
Major improvements in seismic and strong-motion monitoring networks are being implemented in southern California to better meet the needs of emergency response personnel, structural engineers, and the research community in promoting earthquake hazard reduction. Known as the TriNet project, the improvements are being coordinated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the California Division
Jim Mori; Hiroo Kanamori; James Davis; Egill Hauksson; Robert Clayton; Thomas Heaton; Lucile Jones; Anthony Shakal; Ron Porcella
State of Qualitative Research in Engineering Education: Meta-Analysis of JEE Articles, 2005-2006
With recent calls for expanding the scope and rigor of engineer- ing education research, use of qualitative methods to answer research questions that can not be answered through quantitative methods is taking on increasing significance. Well-designed qualitative studies often build on epistemological consistency across theoretical perspectives, research questions, and research methods. We examine recent articles published in the Journal of
The use of research activities as learning instrument in electrical engineering and computer science graduations
In this paper we analyze the use of research activities as learning instrument in electrical engineering and computer science. This pedagogic approach was applied in undergraduate disciplines, undergraduate teaching assistance and undergraduate research projects. Our main goals are optimize the learning process using research and motivate the use of research activities as learning instrument.
Carlos A. P. S. Martins; Milene B. Carvalho; Christiane V. Pousa; Dulcin�ia O. Penha
Researches on Preliminary Chemical Reactions in Spark-Ignition Engines
Chemical reactions can demonstrably occur in a fuel-air mixture compressed in the working cylinder of an Otto-cycle (spark ignition) internal-combustion engine even before the charge is ignited by the flame proceeding from the sparking plug. These are the so-called "prelinminary reactions" ("pre-flame" combustion or oxidation), and an exact knowledge of their characteristic development is of great importance for a correct appreciation of the phenomena of engine-knock (detonation), and consequently for its avoidance. Such reactions can be studied either in a working engine cylinder or in a combustion bomb. The first method necessitates a complicated experimental technique, while the second has the disadvantage of enabling only a single reaction to be studied at one time. Consequently, a new series of experiments was inaugurated, conducted in a motored (externally-driven) experimental engine of mixture-compression type, without ignition, the resulting preliminary reactions being detectable and measurable thermometrically.
Muehlner, E.
Research Pressure Instrumentation for NASA Space Shuttle Main Engine.
The development of prototype pressure transducers which are targeted to meet the Space Shuttle Main Engine SSME performance design goals is discussed. The fabrication, testing and delivery of 10 prototype units is examined. Silicon piezoresistive strain s...
P. J. Anderson P. Nussbaum G. Gustafson
Exhaust Emissions from Williams Research Corporation Gas Turbine Engines.
The exhaust emissions of several different models of gas turbine engines under development or in production were measured. The emissions measured were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and the oxides of nitrogen. The results are pres...
H. B. Moore J. A. Royer
Numerical Research Engine Coolant Temperature and Flow Rate Effect on the Engine Cold Start
To study the influence of LNG fuel supply system on engine cooling system, ensure that the engine cold start performance, an AMESim based LNG fuel supply system simulation model with the key components of vaporizer was proposed. By analyzing the influence of the coolant temperature and flow rate on the phase transition of LNG, and worked out the ranges of
Ying Gao; Lei Zhang; Qing-yuan Dong; Da-wen Liu
Critical Features of Engineering Design in Technology Education. Research in Engineering and Technology Education
The purpose of this study was to find critical features of engineering design that can be incorporated within technology education learning activities, and develop a rubric for assessing these features. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three professors actively involved in engineering education. Supporting documents such�
Asunda, Paul A.; Hill, Roger B.
Earthquake Effects and Experiences
This portion of the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) frequently-asked-questions feature on earthquakes addresses what individuals might actually experience during an earthquake. Topics include earthquake motion (rolling or shaking), earthquake effects (ground shaking, surface faulting, ground failure, etc.), earthquake magnitude, what an earthquake feels like, and others. There are also links to additional resources on earthquake effects and experiences.
Geophysical Anomalies and Earthquake Prediction
Finding anomalies is easy. Predicting earthquakes convincingly from such anomalies is far from easy. Why? Why have so many beautiful geophysical abnormalities not led to successful prediction strategies? What is earthquake prediction? By my definition it is convincing information that an earthquake of specified size is temporarily much more likely than usual in a specific region for a specified time interval. We know a lot about normal earthquake behavior, including locations where earthquake rates are higher than elsewhere, with estimable rates and size distributions. We know that earthquakes have power law size distributions over large areas, that they cluster in time and space, and that aftershocks follow with power-law dependence on time. These relationships justify prudent protective measures and scientific investigation. Earthquake prediction would justify exceptional temporary measures well beyond those normal prudent actions. Convincing earthquake prediction would result from methods that have demonstrated many successes with few false alarms. Predicting earthquakes convincingly is difficult for several profound reasons. First, earthquakes start in tiny volumes at inaccessible depth. The power law size dependence means that tiny unobservable ones are frequent almost everywhere and occasionally grow to larger size. Thus prediction of important earthquakes is not about nucleation, but about identifying the conditions for growth. Second, earthquakes are complex. They derive their energy from stress, which is perniciously hard to estimate or model because it is nearly singular at the margins of cracks and faults. Physical properties vary from place to place, so the preparatory processes certainly vary as well. Thus establishing the needed track record for validation is very difficult, especially for large events with immense interval times in any one location. Third, the anomalies are generally complex as well. Electromagnetic anomalies in particular require some understanding of their sources and the physical properties of the crust, which also vary from place to place and time to time. Anomalies are not necessarily due to stress or earthquake preparation, and separating the extraneous ones is a problem as daunting as understanding earthquake behavior itself. Fourth, the associations presented between anomalies and earthquakes are generally based on selected data. Validating a proposed association requires complete data on the earthquake record and the geophysical measurements over a large area and time, followed by prospective testing which allows no adjustment of parameters, criteria, etc. The Collaboratory for Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) is dedicated to providing such prospective testing. Any serious proposal for prediction research should deal with the problems above, and anticipate the huge investment in time required to test hypotheses.
Jackson, D. D.
Studies of Simulation Calculation of Magnitude of Future Earthquakes Using The Mdcb-5 Model Imminent Earthquake Information Monitoring Instrument Tolerance On The Earthquake Magnitude Is Less Than Ms0.5
Geology Institute, Xian Sub-Institute, Coal Science Research Institute Using the MDCB-5 Type Imminent Earthquake Monitoring Instrument to record the magnitude (voltage value), the duration (number of days) of the earthquake immi- nent abnormal (natural electromagnetic wave) of a certain earthquake, and its relativ- ity with fraction of rock, occurrence of earthquake and release of earthquake wave energy, from point of
W. X. Wang; Y. W. Yang
Does knowledge signify protection? The SEISMOPOLIS centre for improvement of behavior in case of an earthquake
It is vastly accepted that earthquake education is the way to earthquake protection. Nonetheless experience demonstrates that knowing what to do does not necessarily result in a better behaviour in case of a real earthquake. A research project titled: "Seismopolis" - "Pilot integrated System for Public Familiarization with Earthquakes and Information on Earthquake Protection" aimed at the improvement of the behaviour of people through an appropriate amalgamation of knowledge transfer and virtually experiencing an earthquake situation. Seismopolis combines well established education means such as books and leaflets with new technologies like earthquake simulation and virtual reality. It comprises a series of 5 main spaces that the visitor passes one-by-one. Space 1. Reception and introductory information. Visitors are given fundamental information on earthquakes and earthquake protection, as well as on the appropriate behaviour in case of an earthquake. Space 2. Earthquake simulation room Visitors experience an earthquake in a room. A typical kitchen is set on a shake table area (3m x 6m planar triaxial shake table) and is shaken in both horizontal and vertical directions by introducing seismographs of real or virtual earthquakes. Space 3. Virtual reality room Visitors may have the opportunity to virtually move around in the building or in the city after an earthquake disaster and take action as in a real-life situation, wearing stereoscopic glasses and using navigation tools. Space 4. Information and resources library Visitors are offered the opportunity to know more about earthquake protection. A series of means are available for this, some developed especially for Seismopolis (3 books, 2 Cds, a website and an interactive table game). Space 5. De-briefing area Visitors may be subjected to a pedagogical and psychological evaluation at the end of their visit and offered support if needed. For the evaluation of the "Seismopolis" Centre, a pilot application of the complete complex took place with the participation of different groups (schoolchildren, university students, adults, elderly persons, emigrants and persons with special needs). This test period recorded positive impression and reaction from the visitors and indicated the pedagogical and psychological appropriateness of the system. Seismopolis is the outcome of collaboration of public, academic and private partners and of a range of disciplines, namely seismologists, geologists, structural engineers, geographers, sociologists and psycologists. It is actually hosted by the Municipality of Rendis in Athens. More information on Seismopolis can be found in www.seismopolis.org .
Dandoulaki, M.; Kourou, A.; Panoutsopoulou, M.
Earthquake Precursors in Thermal Infrared Data
As part of an agreement between NASA and the Arab Youth Venture Foundation (AYVF), three engineering students from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) participated in a 10-week experiential learning program this summer. This educational program is managed by the NASA Ames Research Center Office of Education and Public Outreach and is administered by the Education Associates Program (EAP). One of the research projects under this program tested the hypothesis that signals emitted by the Earth�s surface prior to the occurrence of an earthquake, including thermal infrared (TIR) emissions, can be detected through appropriate analysis of data collected by the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensors. After applying a set of preprocessing algorithms to the satellite data, we analyzed MODIS images showing the TIR emitted by a ground area in the days prior to an eventual earthquake. We used computing tools and software, such as MATLAB and ENVI, to isolate these pre-seismic signals from the background noise. The development of a technique to monitor pre-seismic signals holds promise in finding a method to predict earthquakes.
Alqassim, S. S.; Vanderbilt, V. C.
Employing a Community Based Participatory Research Approach to Bear Witness: Psycho-Social Impact of the 2010 Earthquake on Haitians in Somerville, MA.
We employed a community-based participatory research approach to assess mental health among the Haitian community in the Somerville, MA area. The development of the survey coincided with the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and so several questions related to the natural disaster were included in the analysis to increase understanding of the impact locally. We surveyed a convenience sample of 64 Haitians recruited with the assistance of the Somerville Haitian Coalition. The survey assessed demographic data, reasons for migrating to the area, response to the 2010 earthquake, and mental health. Mental health measures included the short versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Perceived Stress Scale. Participants reported high rates of stress and depression post-earthquake. On the CES-D, men reported higher average depression and stress scores than women (13.8 vs. 11 and 20.6 vs. 17.6). Our results suggest that social and family support resources may be beneficial to Haitians in our sample. PMID:23515968
Martinez, Linda Sprague; Reich, Amanda J; Ndulue, Uchenna J; Dalembert, Franklin; Gute, David M; Per�a, Flavia C
Deep Earthquakes
Most earthquakes occur in the top 100 miles of the crust of the Earth, but some happen far below that, where the earth is so hot that rocks should simply flow past each other instead of producing the jolts that cause earthquakes. So what causes them? This radio broadcast explains how one geophysicist has performed experiments revealing that rock squeezed under intense pressure contains bits that become soft at different rates. These bits are able to hook up into shear zones that cause the earthquakes. The clip is 2 minutes in length.
One major focus of the next Japanese earthquake prediction research plan 2009-2013 are testable earthquake forecast models. For this purpose, the Earthquake Research Institute joined the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) and installed in an international collaboration a prototype testing center for rigorous evaluation of earthquake forecast models. We report on the implementation of this testing center, the quality characterization of the earthquake catalog data stream from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the definition of a Japanese testing region, and first test results. A first set of three one-year smoothed-seismicity models are fully implemented in the testing center and are under test since 1 September 2008. In the near future, additional models will be introduced and new specialized testing areas will be defined to promote rigorous earthquake prediction research on different topics and regions in Japan.
Tsuruoka, H.; Hirata, N.; Schorlemmer, D.; Euchner, F.; Jordan, T. H.
United States Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program: Hazards & Preparedness
This page points to a number of reports and maps on earthquake hazards, prediction, and preparedness. Map types include seismic hazards maps, shaking hazards maps, and shaking intensity maps. Related programs are also referenced. Other links include, latest earthquake information, general earthquake information, and earthquake research.
Measurement uncertainty for the Uniform Engine Testing Program conducted at NASA Lewis Research Center
An uncertainty analysis was conducted to determine the bias and precision errors and total uncertainty of measured turbojet engine performance parameters. The engine tests were conducted as part of the Uniform Engine Test Program which was sponsored by the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD). With the same engines, support hardware, and instrumentation, performance parameters were measured twice, once during tests conducted in test cell number 3 and again during tests conducted in test cell number 4 of the NASA Lewis Propulsion Systems Laboratory. The analysis covers 15 engine parameters, including engine inlet airflow, engine net thrust, and engine specific fuel consumption measured at high rotor speed of 8875 rpm. Measurements were taken at three flight conditions defined by the following engine inlet pressure, engine inlet total temperature, and engine ram ratio: (1) 82.7 kPa, 288 K, 1.0, (2) 82.7 kPa, 288 K, 1.3, and (3) 20.7 kPa, 288 K, 1.3. In terms of bias, precision, and uncertainty magnitudes, there were no differences between most measurements made in test cells number 3 and 4. The magnitude of the errors increased for both test cells as engine pressure level decreased. Also, the level of the bias error was two to three times larger than that of the precision error.
Abdelwahab, Mahmood; Biesiadny, Thomas J.; Silver, Dean