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In an interview for the Frankfurter Algemeine, Karl Cardinal Lehmann, the bishop of Mainz and the most senior of Germany's active bishops, talks about various topics – the Second Vatican Council, Helmut Kohl, ecumenism, his upcoming retirement (expected for May of 2016), but standing out is his reluctant assessment of the Limburg affair, the financial mismanagement which led to the forced retirement of Bishop Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst.
"I don't much like addressing the topic of Limburg any longer. But we should consider what we can learn from it. The impact of Limburg is always very close. I'll give you an example. It's about the construction of a house for the church community in Worms. The word "Limburg" is thrown about immediately, or signs with the texts "Limburg is everywhere" appear. The whole situation escalated in Limburg since they waited far too long with giving an explanation."
It turns out that Cardinal Lehmann and the other bishops offered their help to Bishop Tebartz-van Elst, but that he did not take it.
"From the start I told Bishop Tebartz, "It's not easy for you. You have a charismatic predecessor, Franz Kamphaus, and people don't get used to a successor very quickly. We will help you where we can. Come and ask." But he hasn't asked us anything."
"As president of the Bishops' Conference, Archbishop Zollitsch had asked Bishop Tebartz twice in the standing council – that is the meeting of the bishops without the auxiliary bishops – if he could tell us something about the allegations which had been raised in Limburg. Bishop Tebartz twice had 20 or 25 minutes to explain the situation. And there, I am sorry to say, he avoided all the difficult questions. When the request was then made to publish an official statement for him, some of us said, "I can't do that, since I don't really know what's going on in Limburg." Had Bishop Tebartz been more collegial and open, he would have gotten more support from us. I'm sorry."
It is clear that serious mistakes and errors of judgement lie at the root of the mess in Limburg, but it is sad to see that hands extended in help were ignored. The removal of Bishop Tebartz-van Elst was the only possible choice in such a situation, I'd think.
Bishop Johan Bonny has been making headlines in Catholic media, first in Germany but today also in his native Belgium. In an extensive note the bishop of Antwerp outlines his thoughts and expectations for this autumn's Synod of Bishops. Various media have presented this as an attack on Popes Paul VI and St. John Paul II and their documents on difficult subjects related to marriage, family and morality. But reality is somewhat different. Bishop Bonny does not exclusively discuss the contents of various magisterial pronouncements, but does offer strong criticism on how they came about, and how they are put it into practice.
In this post, I will summarise the text and offer my opinion here and there. As it is a fairly long text, this post is a work in progress. Expect updates over the coming days.
In the first part of his document, the bishops explains that he sees the development of an ecclesiastical question within the discussion about marriage and family, which he traces back to Pope Paul VI's encyclical on contraception and sexuality, Humanae vitae. The way in which the Pope developed this text, apparently ignoring the advice of experts he had appointed himself, stands in stark contrast with how the Second Vatican Council went about matters: in strong collegiality which led to a virtually unanimous passing of documents.
This lack of collegiality in such an important matter has led, so the bishop explains, to a gap between the Church's moral teaching and the moral understanding of the faithful. And we do see this happening: statements, decrees, encyclicals and the like do not play much of a role in the lives of the faithful, even though they can be important for properly living as Catholic faithful. Of course, a perceived lack of collegiality can not be the only explanation for this, as Bishop Bonny admits. I would even go so far as wondering if many faithful are even aware of how documents are developed, at least not in our time.
Among bishops, Curia and Pope, more collegiality can have positive results (and also negative), since we should not be afraid of talking about such important matters. But the Church is no democracy. The very nature of the papacy, of the body of apostles and disciples that Christ established, is at odds with that. The Pope has magisterial primacy, and he must be free to exercise it. But of course it is good to do everything to avoid needless division and even opposition, although that can probably never be rooted out completely.
In what could be called the most significant shakeup of the Curia since his pontificate began, Pope Francis today appointed Cardinal Antonio Cañizares Llovera as the new archbishop of his native Valencia. This leaves the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments – which the cardinal headed since late 2008 – vacant, which is unusual in itself. Curial congregations usually only fall vacant when a sitting prefect dies. Reassignments are usually carefully planned so that when a prefect goes, his successor is already waiting in the wings.
To date, Pope Francis has not busied himself too much with reassigning the prefects and president of the dicasteries of the Curia. 17 months in, the Holy Father appointed Cardinal Parolin as Secretary of State, Cardinal Pell as Secretary for the Economy, Cardinal Piacenza as Major Penitentiary and Cardinal Stella as Clergy prefect. Divine Worship and Sacraments has one of the most important mandates in the Curia, perhaps comparable only to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in that it has direct influence on practice and understanding of the faith. Add to that the fact that it is extremely rare for Cardinal-prefects to leave the Curia for an appointment in an (arch)diocese (There is a single precedent from 2006 when Cardinal Crescenzio Sepe went from the Congregation for the Evangelisation of Peoples to Naples).
As for his successor, the name of Archbishop Piero Marini continues being named. The erstwhile master of ceremonies under Pope Saint John Paul II and Benedict XVI from 1987 to 2007 today heads the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses. As MC he was responsible for organising (and making significant stylistic choices for) the liturgical celebrations of the Pope, a task now performed by Msgr. Guido Marini, who is not related to the archbishop. Many have expressed serious concerns about the possibility that Archbishop Marini may succeed Cardinal Cañizares Llovera. Whereas the latter is known as the 'little Ratzinger' (shown above with 'big' Ratzinger), sharing the Pope emeritus' focus on the Second Vatican Council as being in continuity with the past, Marini advocates it as a radical break with the past. And this shows in his liturgical choices.
Cardinal Cañizares Llovera's appointment to Valencia is part of a chain of events that begins with the retirement of the Archbishop of Madrid. Aged 78, Cardinal Antonio Rouco Varela is well beyond retirement age and completes 20 years in the Spanish capital. His successor was generally expected to be Cardinal Cañizares Llovera, but he may have chosen not to accept an appointment to the demands of Spain's largest diocese, instead accepting the smaller Valencia, which also happens to be his native archdiocese (he was a priest of Valencia from 1970 to 1992). Valencia own Archbishop Carlos Osoro Sierra goes to Madrid in his stead, although not as a second choice. Archbishop Osoro Sierra has been compared to Pope Francis himself, a man of practical faith and shepherding from the trenches, so to speak.
For both the cardinal and the archbishop, their new appointments are to their third archdioceses: Cardina Cañizares Llovera was archbishop of Granada and Toledo before going to Rome, and Archbishop Osoro Sierra headed Oviedo and then Valencia, and now Madrid. Below are full overviews of the ecclesiastic paths of all three players in this tale:
Antonio Cardinal Cañizares Llovera (68)
- Priest of the Archdiocese of Valencia from 1970 to 1992
- Bishop of Ávila from 1992 to 1996
- Archbishop of Granada from 1996 to 2002
- Archbishop of Toledo from 2002 to 2008
- Vice-President of the Spanish Bishops' Conference from 2005 to 2008
- Created cardinal, with the title church of San Pancrazio, in 2006
- Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments from 2008 to 2014
- Archbishop of Valencia since 2014
Archbishop Carlos Osoro Sierra (69)
- Priest of Santander from 1973 to 1996
- Bishop of Orense from 1996 to 2002
- Archbishop of Oviedo from 2002 to 2009
- Archbishop of Valencia from 2009 to 2014
- Vice-President of the Spanish Bishops' Conference since 2014
- Archbishop of Madrid since 2014
Antontio María Cardinal Rouco Varela (78)
- Priest of Mondoñedo-Ferrol from 1959 to 1976
- Auxiliary Bishop of Santiago de Compostela, and titular bishop of Gergis, a from 1976 to 1984
- Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela from 1984 to 1994
- Archbishop of Madrid from 1994 to 2014
- Created cardinal, with the title church of San Lorenzo in Damaso, in 1998
- President of the Spanish Bishops' Conference from 1999 to 2005 and from 2008 to 2014
- Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organisational and Economic Problems of the Apostolic See from 2004 to 2014
Photo credit: [2] Osservatore Romano
Bishop Johan Bonny of Antwerp wrote a message for the feast of Pentecost, discussing the seeming opposition between the Spirit and the institute of the Church. Of course, there is no opposition, but the Holy Spirit works in the Church and the Church needs to be continuously open to His workings. Not an easy task…
"The Pope and the Holy Spirit: do they get along? It seem a superfluous question. But much ink has been spent and battle has been done, but in and outside the Church, about that topic. For some the Holy Spirit is invisible where the Pope is. For others the Pope is invisible where the Holy Spirit is. Institute and charisma, durability and renewal, shepherding and prophecy: they are so easily put in opposition to one another. Yet the story of Pentecost begins in the house where the Apostles are. They are among the first to receive the Spirit for the mission that the Lord has entrusted to them.
I thought of Pentecost when I was in St. Peter's Square for the canonisation of Pope John XXII and John Paul II. In his homily, Pope Francis said about these Popes that they "cooperated with the Holy Spirit in renewing and updating the Church in keeping with her pristine features, those features which the saints have given her throughout the centuries. Let us not forget that it is the saints who give direction and growth to the Church. In convening the Council, Saint John XXIII showed an exquisite openness to the Holy Spirit. He let himself be led and he was for the Church a pastor, a servant-leader [guida-guidata], guided by the Holy Spirit. This was his great service to the Church; for this reason I like to think of him as the the pope of openness to the Holy Spirit."
This is the work of the Holy Spirit: to continuously reveal the original features of the Church. That is what Jesus promised His disciples, shortly before his departure: "the Paraclete, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you everything and remind you of all I have said to you" (John 14:26). The memory of the Church and Christians is short, especially concerning the heart of the Gospel and the witness of Jesus. The Holy Spirit doe snot have an easy task in continuously reminding the Church of the word and example of Jesus. You have to be the Holy Spirit to not get sick of it!
During this time of Pentecost we pray for "openness to the Holy Spirit". We ask that the Holy Spirit may renew our Church community, bring her closer to the times, reveal her original features. We pray for all those who carry responsibility in the Church community: that they, as shepherds, let themselves be guided by the Holy Spirit. And especially: we thank the Holy Spirit that He hasn't given up our Church community, despite our short memory. Perhaps because of that the Holy Spirit is as light as air and as fire: to be able to get along with us!
+ Johan Bonny
Bishop of Antwerp"
As Germany's youngest ordinary came into his own, he outlined the goals and direction of the Church in the Diocese of Passau. Bishop Stefan Oster was consecrated on Saturday by Cardinal Reinhard Marx, metropolitan of the province of which Passau is a part, and Bishop Wilhelm Schraml, the retired bishop of Passau, and Archbishop Alois Kothgasser, retired ordinary of Salzburg in Austria, who Bishop Oster succeeded as professor of dogmatics at Benediktbeuern Abbey. The passage below comes from the new bishop's closing remarks, at the end of the Mass at Passau's cathedral of St. Stephen.
"In these biographical notes, something is visible of what in my opinion is central to the direction of our Church in the future. In the first and foremost place it is about relationship. In the very first place a living, deep and supporting relationship with Christ. Be confident that that really exists, that it is not just a matter of thoughts and words, but that the encounter with the Lord really and concrete fulfills, supports, transforms and in the deepest sense of the word can save and sanctify a life.
This is the miracle: the encounter of Jesus with us already exists in all of us, most especially in all who are baptised. The Lord is already there in each and everyone one of us. And that is why we, as Church, are already a community of encounter and witness, even before we do something. But the Holy Spirit likes us to work with Him. That is why all of us, who already belong to Christ, are also called to put this encounter into practice, to deepen it and also to help one another to enter more deeply into this encounter and to open up to one another again – and so to bring our Church in Passau and everywhere else to love in His power. We are called to be witnesses to each other of the presence of Jesus in our lives: in word and action. Another assignment for the future is also that we really open one another up to make new spaces for encounter and communication of faith, in which we can honestly and openly ask, seek, worship God and also give witness. We need this space, because in it the sacraments can once again be new nourishment and a new wellspring for us. We need them because, for example, they allow us not to leave the central mystery of the Eucharist as a 45-minute visit to the Church behind us, but actually the source and summit of our Christian life, as the last Council tells us.
I am also convinced that we do not have to let ourselves be divided into camps, standing against one another in the end. Of course there are more conservative and more liberal Christians, but we must be careful not to become a cliché and a caricature for the other. So I want to invite us: let's maintain the dialogue and share the way. Let's not demonise each other, because the other is seemingly part of the other camp. Let's trust each other, and acknowledge that the other is also honestly seeking God – and for exactly that reason considers certain things especially important.
In the liturgy booklet you have seen that my motto is: "The victory of truth is love". We sometimes find in our Church that some insist perhaps too much on the truth, and then sometimes succumb to the temptation of thinking that honest compassion for the neighbour is secondary, only an option when everything is formally correct. And we also see the opposite, a great multiplicity of affection for the neighbour or even the demand for this gift, but with little concern for the truth, given the great variety of situations in life. Dear sisters and brothers, both lead to marginalisation: truth without love remains abstract and ultimately betrays the one who, as Truth, is at the same time Love personified. And the other way around: Love without truth often does not even deserve the name Love, because it ultimately leads to arbitrariness. The united middle road, truth lived as love and vice versa: Love which testifies of the truth, this middle road leads to victory and has a Christian name: holiness.
Of course, holiness is a very big word, but don't you think that holiness has, in the first place, to do with your or mine ability? It's not a sort of competition sport in prayer or spiritual exercises. Holiness grows in the hearts of all people who always open themselves anew to the love of God, who allow themselves to be really touched and transformed by it. Holiness grows in who honestly seek Jesus, love Him and let themselves be loved by Him. Holiness is then God's will for all of us, not just for bishop or all so-called 'professional' Christians. It is rather that the bishop, the priest, the deacon and all men and women who are called to the service of the Church, also have this vocation, as they help others to discover ever deeper that they are also called to holiness, to the deepest belonging to Christ.
Dear sisters and brothers, everywhere where this mystery of holiness shines out anew in one or more people, there the Church begins to grow anew, there people are being touched by a presence,which works more than a mere assembly of people could. There people are attracted and meaningful, encouraging, yes, life-changing encounter with the Lord take place. And then a prophecy is fulfilled, which the Prophet Zechariah spoke in the Old Testament, before the Messianic era (Zech. 8:23): "In those days," we read there, "In those days, ten men from nations of every language will take a Jew by the sleeve and say: We want to go with you, since we have learnt that God is with you." We, the Church of Passau and of course also beyond, we are these Jews. For we live in the time in which the Messiah, the lion of Judah, has already been seen, is already known. We are people who are related to Him, who carry His name. Let us then learn anew to know and love one another, so that the people also come to us and say, "We want to go with you, since we have learnt that God is with you.""
According to EWTN, Cardinal Lorenzo Baldisseri has confirmed what I have been saying since an interview two weeks ago caused some fear and confusion about the goals and focus of the upcoming Synod of Bishops on the family.
In the earlier interview the cardinal seemed to be hinting at possible changes in the Church doctrine on marriage. While I did not share that conclusion, many others did. I already wrote that Cardinal Baldisseri's comments did, in my opinion, not so much deal with doctrine but with pastoral practice, which, I still think, will also be the focus of the Synod. In the EWTN interview, the cardinal emphasised the following:
"Regarding the possibility for the synod of bishops of changing the doctrine of the Church, I underscore that the First Vatican Council's document Dei Filius affirmed that "understanding of its sacred dogmas must be perpetually retained, which Holy Mother Church has once declared; and there must never be recession from that meaning under the specious name of a deeper understanding."
And I also remind you that John XXIII said in the inaugural speech of the Second Vatican Council that "authentic doctrine … should be studied and expounded through the methods of research and through the literary forms of modern thought. The substance of the ancient doctrine of the deposit of faith is one thing, and the way in which it is presented is another.""
Whether these comments come in response to the fears mentioned above, are a form of "backtracking", or are simply a timely reminder about the nature of doctrine in the Church, they should go some way in clearing up misconceptions about the upcoming Synod. The Church will not be changing the truth. That is the same in the past, now and the future. What she can – and should – look at it how that truth can be communicated, shared, explained and lived most effectively. So no, divorce will not suddenly become an option for validly married couples, and the very nature of marriage will also not change. The sacraments will not be devalued, and we should still be properly disposed to encounter the Lord in them. Objective obstacles will remain so. The Synod will not change the 'what', but will look at the 'how'.
An example of the 140,000 prayer cards that the Diocese of Roermond is printing and distributing for the canonisation of Popes John XXIII and John Paul II. While various parishes, especially named for one of the two new saints, will mark the occasion, there is no Church province-wide celebration of next Sunday's unique event. Whereas the canonisations will be shown in a number of cinemas in neighbouring countries, no Dutch cinema chain has been approached to do so. The general impression among the bishops seems to be that there is little interest among Dutch Catholics. To which I have to wonder: if there is nothing being organised, how can interest be measured…
Anyway, the event will at least be broadcast live on television and via livestream in the Netherlands, and both the state and Church have sent representatives to Rome. The secretary of foreign affairs, Mr. Frans Timmermans will be there on behalf of the government, while the bishops have delegated Bishop Everard de Jong. Some feigned indignation was presented about Cardinal Eijk not going because of other obligations, but that has turned out to be a non-issue in the media. The Cardinal did send out the following letter to the parishes of the Archdiocese of Utrecht:
"On this Second Sunday of Easter Pope Francis will canonise two of his predecessors: the Popes John XXIII and John Paul II. Two new saints who are in addition well-known persons for many faithful of today: in this case, it makes the example of saints especially powerful. The 27th of April of this year is therefore all the more a joyful day for the entire Catholic Church.
The Italian Pope John XXIII (Angelo Roncalli) was Pope from 1958 to 1963. A period of only five years, but in that time he was able to do an achieve much. For example, he announced, inspired by the Holy Spirit, the Second Vatican Council, which took place from 1962 to 1965. With it, he tried to bring the Church 'up to date' under the famous motto of aggiornamento. As Church, we still gratefully reap the fruits of this Council. In 2012, for example, we celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of this Council in the Dutch Church.
John XXII's nickname was 'the good Pope', in part because of his warm personality, his evangelical humility and his great sense of humour. Many faithful still remember him fondly, but others do so as well, because he appealed "to all people of good will.". He managed to win over many people, even important Communists at the height of the Cold War. His Encyclical Pacem in Terris – published less than two months before his death – is considered to be his most important; in it he explains that peace on earth must be rooted in truth, justice, love and freedom.
The Polish Pope John Paul II (Karol Wojtyla) was Pope from 1978 to 2005. He became most known for being a great evangeliser: he travelled tirelessly across the globe to proclaim the Gospel and in 1984 he was the founder of the World Youth Days, which gather millions of young people to celebrate the faith.
His pontificate contributed to a large extent to the fall of Communist rule in the former eastern bloc, including his native Poland. He became increasingly ill in his final year, but continued holding the office of Peter. That he remained in office despite his debilitating illness and was not afraid to appear in public, is a witness to the inviolable dignity of man, which remains under all circumstances, and he so encouraged many people suffering from disease and physical handicaps. Until the end his help and support was the Blessed Virgin Mary, for whom Pope John Paul II cherished a livelong devotion. During his funerals pilgrims asked for his immediate canonisation with the cry of "Santo Subito!" – and less than ten years later that time has come.
Hopefully Pope John XIII and John Paul II can be a source of inspiration and encouragement in faith and life to even more people because of their canonisation.
Hopefully they can continue to contribute to an increasing unity of all Christians and all humanity by their words and deeds during their earthly life and also by their prayer now in heaven.
On this Second Sunday of Easter (also declared by Pope John Paul II in 2000 as Divine Mercy Sunday) united in prayer with the many pilgrims who have travelled to Rome – also from the Netherlands – for this double canonisation. We may have faith in the intercession of these two new saints, also and especially for a blessed future for the Church in our country and our entire world."
In the meantime, in Rome, the logistics are impressive, as Vatican Radio reports. With hundreds of busses and dozens of chartered airplanes coming in from Poland alone, 2,500 volunteers are working to provide the thousands of pilgrims with four million free bottles of water, 150,000 liturgy booklets and 1,000 portable toilets. Seventeen video screens throughout the city will allow most visitors – who will be gathered from St. Peter's Square all the way to the banks of the River Tiber – to follow the canonisation.
And one of them will be the Pope emeritus, as was confirmed today. So, two Popes being canonised by another Pope, while a fourth Pope is in attendance. Certainly, one for the history books.
It is about five weeks before the consistory, so the announcement was expected any day, but Pope Francis managed to surprise again. At the end of today's Angelus he announced his first batch of cardinals, 16 in all. The list is a mixture of the expected and the unexpected. Without further ado, let's take a look at who's who.
Archbishop Pietro Parolin (58), Secretary of State. No surprise here. The Secretary of State has traditionally always been a cardinal, and although the position looks to undergo some changes in Pope Francis' curial reforms, but the title and rank of the occupant is not among them. In contrast to his important function in the Curia, Cardinal-designate is quite young. Only three current members of the entire College (Woelki, Tagle and Thottunkal) are younger.
- Archbishop Lorenzo Baldisseri (73), Secetary General of the Synod of Bishops and Secretary of the College of Cardinals. Also no surprise, but for different reasons. The important role given to him early on in Francis' pontificate, organising the two upcoming Assemblies of the Synod of Bishops and already wearing the red skullcap that Pope Francis himself wore until his election to the papacy, indicated that he would be among the Pope's first cardinals. Cardinal-designate Baldisseri will be the third Secretary General of the Synod of Bishops to be made a cardinal. The previous one was Belgian Cardinal Jan Pieter Schotte.
- Archbishop Gerhard Ludwig Müller (66), Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Head of the first among equals of Curial dicasteries, Archbishop Müller was also quite certain to be among the new cardinals. Ever since the Popes were no longer heads of the Doctrinal office, all Prefects were cardinals. Some have made assumptions that Cardinal-designate Müller was not going to be made a cardinal, because the 'orthodox' prelate seemed to be at odds with the 'liberal' Pope, but those are evidently mere rumours. The Prefect and the Pope work closely and well together, and Müller has even hosted the Holy Father for dinner.
- Archbishop Beniamino Stella (72), Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy. Another sure candidate because of his function. The diplomat-prelate has made a rapid rise in the Curia last year, but that does not make his appointment surprising. Since as far back as the 16th century, the Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy has been a cardinal.
- Archbishop Vincent Gerard Nichols (68), Archbishop of Westminster, United Kingdom. Somewhat of a surprise, although the UK is now without any active cardinal electors, with Scottish Cardinal O'Brien in effective retirement. For some he is considered too liberal, but the fact remains that Cardinal-designate Nichols has been an archbishop for almost 14 years (first of Birmingham, now of Westminster), and in his current see he is the 11th cardinal. In fact, since its establishment in 1850, all ordinaries of Westminster were made cardinals.
- Archbishop Leopoldo José Brenes Solórzano (64), Archbishop of Managua, Nicaragua. Now we are getting into the more interesting and unexpected choices for red hats. Cardinal-designate Brenes Solórzano is only the second archbishop of Managua to be made a cardinal. He is also the second elector in all of Central America (not counting Mexico).
- Archbishop Gérald Cyprien Lacroix (56), Archbishop of Québec, Canada. The successor of Cardinal Ouellet in the French-Canadian capital, Cardinal-designate Lacroix could have been expected to be made a cardinal some day, but he did not feature on many lists. Québec has been a cardinal see before, but rarely automatically. At 56, he will also be the second-youngest member of the College.
- Archbishop Jean-Pierre Kutwa (68), Archbishop of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. From the start of speculations a likely candidate in traditionally cardinal-deprived Africa, Cardinal-designate Kutwa is the third archbishop of Abidjan in a row to be made a cardinal, with his immediate predecessor, Cardinal Agré, still alive. Before being appointed to Abidjan in 2006, Archbishop Kutwa had been Archbishop of Gagnoa since 2001.
- Archbishop Orani João Tempesta (63), Archbishop of São Sebastião de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Host of the most recent World Youth Days and head of one of global Catholicism's largest communities, Cardinal-designate Tempesta follows in the footsteps of his predecessors since the late 19th century.
- Archbishop Gualtiero Bassetti (71), Archbishop of Perugia-Città della Pieve, Italy. The only Italian ordinary on the list, Cardinal-designate Bassetti is a bit of a surprise. Perugia has rarely supplied a cardinal. His appointment comes in lieu of other, more likely, sees such as Turin or Venice. Th vice-president of the Italian bishops' conference was recently also appointed a member of the Congregation for Bishops.
- Archbishop Mario Aurelio Poli (66), Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Pope Francis' own successor in the Argentinean capital and in fact the second ordinary appointed in his papacy, Cardinal-designate Poli need not have been a surprise choice. Five of his six predecessors in Buenos Aires also became cardinals.
- Archbishop Andrew Yeom Soo-Jung (70), Archbishop of Seoul, South Korea. As South Korea is one of the fastest growing Catholic countries in the world, and certainly in Asia, it is certainly fitting for its capital's archbishop to be made a cardinal. Cardinal-designate Yeom Soo-Jung is the third of Seoul's archbishops to be made a cardinal. In addition to the Archdiocese of Seoul, the cardinal-designate is theoretically also pastorally responsible for the Catholics of North Korea.
- Archbishop Ricardo Ezzati Andrello (71), Archbishop of Santiago de Chile, Chile. A main-stay on the lists, Cardinal-designate Ezzati Andrello heads a traditional cardinalatial see. His immediate predecessor, Cardinal Errázuriz Ossa, is a member of the Council of Cardinals. The Salesian cardinal-designate was previously archbishop of Concepción, also in Chile, before being appointed to that nation's capital.
- Archbishop Philippe Nakellentuba Ouédraogo (68), Archbishop of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Only the second cardinal to hail from this western African country, he is a bit of a surprise. Cardinal-designate Ouédraogo is president of the bishops of Niger and Burkina Faso, and a welcome addition to the College, considering his nationality and heritage.
- Archbishop Orlando B. Quevedo (74), Archbishop of Cotabato, Philippines. A second elector from the Philippines was very welcome, but it being the archbishop of Cotabato is quite surprising. No cardinal has come from there before. Cardinal-designate Quevedo, however, has been archbishop of Nueva Segovia, and president of both the Philippine bishops' conference and the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences.
- Bishop Chibly Langlois (55), Archbishop of Les Cayes, Haiti. Another young cardinal, and the first from Les Cayes. Cardinal-designate Langlois is even more noticeable for not being an archbishop and the first Haitian cardinal. The Haitian hierarchy, then, looks rather unique, with the bishop of a regular diocese wearing the red, while the nation's two archbishop do not. Bishop Langlois has been the president of the bishops' conference of Haiti since the end of 2011.
- Archbishop Loris Francesco Capovilla (98), Archbishop-prelate of Loreto, Italy. The oldest cardinal, Cardinal-designate Capovilla is a remarkable choice. He was Blessed Pope John XXIII secretary during the latter's entire papacy, and we can therefore see his elevation in light of the Blessed Pope's upcoming canonisation and the Second Vatican Council he convened. He will be the oldest cardinal of the College, and also the oldest to be created in the Church's history.
- Archbishop Fernando Sebastián Aguilar (84), Archbishop emeritus of Pamplona y Tudela, Spain. A retired ordinary of a see which has supplied only one other cardinal in the past, the creation of Cardinal-designate Aguilar must be seen as Pope Francis personal choice as well as, perhaps, the importance he attaches to the mission. Cardinal-designate Aguilar is a member of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
- Archbishop Kelvin Edward Felix (80), Archbishop emeritus of Castries, Saint Lucia. Another first as no cardinals have ever come from the smaller Caribbean nations. Cardinal-designate Felix's elevation is another step in creating a more representative College of Cardinals.
All in all, the biglietto fits well with the priorities of Pope Francis, as the new cardinals come from all corners of the world, from the Curia and (in larger part) from the world's dioceses, and are not limited to the standard traditional cardinalatial sees. But it also tells us that Pope Francis is not willing to let go of tradition altogether. For the proper functioning of the Curia and the College of Cardinals, it seems, he recognises that he needs the Secretary of State and the Prefects of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and of the Clergy to be cardinals. But he also wants the important Synod of Bishops to be represented well, hence that body's Secretary General's presence on the list. He understands the importance of major sees like Westminster, Québec, Abidjan, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires and Seoul, but also Managua and Ouagadougou, all on equal footing. And lastly, it seems, there are cardinals who warrant the red for their personal qualities – Bassetti, Quevedo and Langlois, as well as the new impulse their elevation would give to their local faith communities.
And then, even the elevation of three non-electors tells us something. Archbishop Capovilla's presence is especially poignant, as it connects the current pontificate with that of soon-to-be Pope Saint John XXIII and the Second Vatican Council he convened. Pope Francis is very clearly a child of the Council. Some have noted his physical likeness to Good Pope John, but here we see a hint that that likeness may well run deeper.
Of the 19 new cardinals, 16 will be electors, being under the age of 80. Only four of the new cardinals (Parolin, Baldisseri, Müller and Stella) will be Cardinal Deacons, as the are members of the Curia. The remaining 12 will be Cardinal Priests, being current or retired ordinaries.
A bit late, but I came across this video recently. Back in July, Bishop Jan Liesen was a guest on EWTN Live with Fr. Mitch Pacwa. He spoke about the challenges of the evangelisation, especially in a post-Christian society like the Netherlands.
The interview starts at about 3:30 into the video.
Bishop Liesen speaks about the impulse that the Second Vatican Council gave to the renewed evangelisation fifty years ago, and which should have started then. He speaks so from his theological background and extensive knowledge of the history of the Council.
Worth a look, certainly to remind us of what the Council really gave us.
One day before his 80th birthday, and his retirement from Curial functions that comes with it, Cardinal Joachim Meisner makes some bold and critical statements in an interview for Deutschlandfunk. The archbishop of Cologne is known to be in disagreement with most other German bishops about if, when and how divorced and remarried Catholics can be allowed to receive the sacraments. In that respect he is very much in agreement with Archbishop Gerhard Müller, the Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
He also speaks about being critical of Pope Francis, in a personal conversation no less. He says:
"During my last visit to Pope Francis I was able to speak very freely with the Holy Father about all kinds of topics. And I also told him that his proclamation in the form of interviews and short statements leaves many questions unanswered, questions which should be explained further for the uninformed. The Pope looked at me with surprise and asked me to please give him an example. And my reply was that, in his return from Rio to Rome, on the airplane, he was asked about the question of divorced and remarried people. And as the Pope said, divorced people can receive Holy Communion, remarried divorced people can not. In the Orthodox Church it is possible to marry twice. That was his statement. And then he spoke of mercy, which in my experience, which is what I told him, is only understood in this country as a substitute for all human failings. And the Pope very energetically replied that he is a son of the Catholic Church and is not saying anything but the teachings of the Church. And mercy must be identical to truth, or it doesn't deserve the name mercy. And in addition, he emphasised that when theological questions remain, then there is the important Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith to formulate and explain the details. And you must always remember that this Congregation, which before the Council was chaired by the Pope himself, is still the first in the Curial order. And you can't relate to the Prefect as a private person, just because he was once a member of the Bishops' Conference."
This is pretty unheard of, that a cardinal so freely discusses his disagreements with the Pope. Pope Francis' reaction is no less interesting, of course. It shows how he wants the Curia, with the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in the lead, to function. Not as a behemoth controlled by the Pope, but as a body assisting the Pope in his ministry. And I think that also shows us how we should all act as Catholics. We should be willing and able to explain and clarify in love, to proclaim, not just by speaking about Jesus Christ, but also by knowing and living our faith, even in the face of misunderstanding and adversity.
Cardinal Meisner was also asked about demands from certain groups that the Church should adapt to the times. Such sentiments were heard anew in the wake of the Synod of Bishops' questionnaire. Although this was never intended as a means to ask the faithful for their opinions on Church teaching, many have used it as a chance to express theirs nonetheless.
"The Church must conform to the Word of God and not to the opinion of people. As Church we must know the opinions of people, to be able to proclaim the Word of God accordingly. But conforming, as they are asking, is not a part of the Gospel. It is amazing that the Evangelical Church has defined, with her position paper on questions of sexuality, a total alignment to the so-called spirit of the times. And what does the state of the Evangelical Church look like? As I understand, the number of people leaving it are even higher than ours. That can't, ultimately, be because of the question of sexuality."
Isn't the cardinal afraid to stand alone, to become isolated, because what he says is not in accordance with what others are saying?
"I am not afraid to stand alone. During my school days in Thuringia I was the only Catholic boy, pupil. And I was always a part of everything and never allowed myself to be isolated. The mission of the ZdK (Central Committee of German Catholics) is to make the Gospel visible and have effect in the secular dimension, as it's called, in the world. And here this group must seriously ask itself if they have remained true to their mission and vocation? You are asking if, in this context, I have no fear of being isolated? I have real concern for those people who bend their faith to themselves and who make their own faith, and who do not accept in awe what Christ Himself has entrusted to us. There is no solution there."


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Jaqkis Cake Creations
12032 Burbank Blvd .
Valley Village, CA 91607 | map
Website: Visit my website »
Private User 4 Reviews
Jaqki did a fabulous job our our wedding cake. It looked beautiful and tasted amazing! Thank you so much for the awesome cake...We all LOVED it! :)
Wedding: Recently Married
Services Used: Wedding Cake
After visiting two cake vendors for tastings, Jaqki's Cake Creations reminded me that wedding cake could actually taste good. Or in Jaqki's case, amazing. Her shop is in a bit of an industrial area, but don't let that deter you. Once we found Jaqki, the wedding cake became the easiest part of the wedding planning. We went with two different layers. Bottom layer was marble with two Bavarian cream fillings (chocolate AND vanilla). Together, it all melded into a to-die-for eclair flavor. The top layer was lemon with a lemon Bavarian cream - a close second to the marble. We got rave reviews from our guests for both. And we loved them too, of course!
Our venue package included the cost of our cake, so I don't know how much the cake actually cost. However, whatever it cost separate from our package would have been worth every penny - so I gave the Value category a 5 out of 5 as well.
Hope this helps!
Newlyweds, Lora & Bill
Wedding: 04/05/2014
Services Used: Wedding Cake
Jaqki's cakes are far superior to other cakes made by larger companies that don't really care about their customers. Her cakes look good and taste just as good. Jaqki also has prices that very reasonable. Thank you for making my Mom's birthday party a pleasant experience.
--Robert V
Wedding: 01/20/2014
Services Used: Wedding Cake
I can't say enough good things about Jaqki. From the tasting through to the cake cutting on our big day my wife and I were happy to have such a personal and professional baker on our side!
The cake tasted delicious and it's all we can do not to eat the last anniversary slice in our freezer...
Even though we were on a budget, we were treated to the same level of care and consideration that any client could expect. From a tasty cake to a punctual delivery at our venue, we were in good hands and will definitely recommend Jaqki's Cake Creations to anyone that will listen!!
thanks again,
-Ian and Suki
Wedding: 01/04/2014
Services Used: Wedding Cake
She is awesome, the cake was beautiful and amazingly delicious. I had people telling me it was the best cake they have ever tasted, and I would agree!
Wedding: 10/26/2013
Services Used: Wedding Cake
My cake turned out exactly how I wanted it. It was 5 tiers, 5 layers, and although it wasn't fondant because it would cost extra, the buttercream icing details were perfect! I don't know how to add the picture here, but contact me if you want to see it and I'll send it to you.
Wedding: 10/06/2013
Services Used: Wedding Cake
Delicious and amazing! It tasted great at the tasting but somehow tasted more amazing at the wedding! Jaqki was great!!
Wedding: 07/27/2013
Services Used: Wedding Cake
I used Jaqki's cakes for my wedding cake. She was so delightful to work with! My husband and I were able to make an apt and try different flavors. After presenting a picture of a cake I fell in love with that I wanted duplicated, turned out she was the original baker of the cake! Not long after my wedding, I already have 2 friends wanting Jaqki's information! Book her for your wedding! you won't be disappointed!!!
Wedding: 03/09/2013
Services Used: Wedding Cake
Everyone from my wedding, including my husband, is still raving about the cake. We created our own 3-tier cake stand (a tree stand made from driftwood that we saw in one of Jaqki's books) and Jaqki made it work for us beautifully. If I could insert a photo, I would. Jaqki's cakes are not buttercream or whipped cream - they are a mixture between the two and are phenomenal. We got married on a very hot day (98*) and the cake did not melt or anything - everything was perfect. The cake was moist and the flavor was beyond my expectations. I can't wait to have her make my cakes for parties to come. We met with several other bakers before choosing Jaqki and hired her on the spot - she knows her stuff!!! I highly recommend her. Just go for a tasting and you will be hooked!!!
Wedding: 07/20/2012
Services Used: Wedding Cake
I had my wedding at Mountaingate Country Club in June. The cake Jaqki provided us with tasted great and we got a lot of compliments on it at the wedding. Jaqki arranged the cake according to our design. She did arrange it exactly to the picture. The cake arrived on time and looked beautiful. She is very busy so this can at times be difficult to deal with but even though she is incredibly busy it does not reflect on her cakes. Her cakes still come out amazing. For the amount of compliments I have gotten on my cake- I would recommend Jaqki with the amount of compliments i have received form people that compare my cake to cakes at other weddings they have been to- they all tell me how much better my cake was than at any other wedding. She is very quick and responsive as well. Everyone told me how beautiful my cake looked. Fantastic on both the design and taste.
Wedding: 06/29/2012
Services Used: Wedding Cake
dreampills 5 Reviews
Our wedding cake was provided via our venue. Jaqki is extremely nice and personable. She is always prompt at returning phone calls. She doesn't do email at all. Everything is either over the phone or in person. Our cake was fabulous. Very tasty. Though our cake did look a little lopsided and homemade in appearance, it still tasted great in the end!
Wedding: 2+ years ago
Services Used: Wedding Cake
My husband and I were married at the beautiful Kyoto Hotel in Downtown Los Angeles April 1st, and found Jaqki's Cakes as a referral from our photographer, Eugene Photography. The owner, Jaqki, was extremely helpful and friendly and her prices were right in our comfort zone so I made an appointment to go to her store. When I got there, the cakes she had on display were beautiful, and the piece of cake she gave me to sample was delicious!! So we booked her for our wedding and we are so glad we did!! Our wedding cake was absolutely beautiful!! She nailed my vision right on the head!! She was very professional from start to finish, and our cake was not only a work of art (additional thanks to the gorgeous flowers added to it by Flowers By Dan), but it was so good our guests went back for seconds!! I highly recommend Jaqki's Cake Creations for your wedding or any other party you may need a cake for!!
Wedding: 04/01/2012
Services Used: Wedding Cake
Jacqki's cake was not only beautiful, it was also delicious! It was easy to work with Jaqki. My husband and I chose our wedding cake early on in our wedding planning. A couple of months later, I changed my mind on the cake and wanted a simpler one. I made another appointment with Jaqki. She gave us another taste of her scrumptious cake. We ended up with an elegant cake that tasted yummy.
Wedding: 03/18/2012
Services Used: Wedding Cake
Great cake! My guests commented on how good the cake was. We had marble swirl with some filling. So yummy! Cake was beautiful, delivered on time and it tasted really good. I went in for a tasting and she was very helpful in suggestion flavors and cake design. She has so much to choose from! I highly recommend using Jaqkis Cake Creations!! I'll be using her again in the future whenever I need a cake!
Wedding: 02/19/2012
Services Used: Wedding Cake
I wanted a non-traditional wedding cake and it looked pretty close to what I wanted. But that aside, it was DELICIOUS!!! I was really happy and the value was exceptional!
Wedding: 01/14/2012
Services Used: Wedding Cake
We went to Jaqki's a month before our wedding and she met with us herself. She gave us options for our cake and made suggestions. She was very warm and it was so hard to choose a cake because all the ones we tried were all good! At our reception, everyone loved our cake. Not only did it look good, it tasted good as well. =)
Wedding: 10/11/2011
Services Used: Wedding Cake
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Site Map : http://www.esquire.com
Index -> Blogs -> The Culture Blog -> Miscellaneous
The Culture Blog Home
What Ruined Nirvana's In Utero Reissue
Q&A: Keanu Reeves on Making His First Movie, Man of Tai Chi
Roald Dahl Day: Read His Greatest Story
Happy Birthday to Someone Who's Been a Bad, Bad Girl
Isaiah Washington Is Back from the Brink
The Netflix Streaming Endorsement: Archer
Exclusive: Listen to a Suuns Remix
Mumford & Sons Got Booted From A Strip Club
This 'Crazy' Disney Movie Actually Looks Lame
Gregory Porter: America's Next Great Jazz Singer
The Best Scene in 24 Hour Party People
Thank God. Saul Goodman Is Staying on TV.
Q&A: Janelle Monae on What an 'Electric Lady' Really Is
Why The Last of the Unjust Will Change How You See the Holocaust
Peter Dinklage: An Appreciation (October 2013)
Photos of 10 Very Funny People...
The Women We Love of Instagram: Kenza Zouiten
Behind the (Junk) Covers: Velvet Underground and the Rolling Stones
Q&A: Jesse Eisenberg's Best Role Yet
Watch: A Sports Doc Without the Bullshit
Jodi Angel's "How to Be a Man" Story for Esquire, Made Into a Haunting Short Film
What the Rumsfeld Documentary Can Teach Us About Syria
Q&A: Arsenio Hall on His Return to Late Night
The Musical Evolution of Eddie Murphy
Exclusive: Listen to Old Crow Medicine Show's Civil War Anniversary Song
Bruno Mars at the Super Bowl Is So Boring It's Offensive
The New TV Shows You Should Watch This Fall
We stand to see a few new surprises this season, as well as a few new faces.
Breaking Bad Walt-o-Meter: Walt's Closer to Dead on 'To'hajiilee'
The Newsroom Recap: "I Mean What the Fuck!"
Songs of the Week: September's Best (So Far)
The Breaking Bad Recap: Walt's Breaking
An excerpt of: The Maid's Version, by Daniel Woodrell
The Outlaw
Q&A: Ed Helms on Nerdom and How He Almost Destroyed His Hands for Mumford & Sons
The Fifth Estate and the New Online Übermensch
Bone Thugs-N-Harmony, on Performing with a Hologram of the Late Eazy-E
The Netflix Streaming Endorsement: The Unknowable Horror of Cropsey
Everything Janet Jackson Can Do in 8 Songs
Read Bob Odenkirk and David Cross's Unmade Movie Script
The Year's Best Reads, Today
The Maid's Version: A Book to Read Right Now (September 2013)
The Funniest-Scariest Scene in Goodfellas
Nine Inch Nails' Hesitation Marks, Explained
The Women We Love of Instagram: Jurnee Smollett-Bell
The Pixies Aren't the Same, but We'll Take Them
An Ex-Drug Kingpin on How Real Breaking Bad Is
The Best... and Worst TV Finales Ever
Behind the Cover: The Doors' Strange Days


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Japan receives no bids for regular feed wheat tender
Japan's Ministry of Agriculture said it received no bids for the import of feed wheat or feed barley in a weekly tender under the simultaneous buy and sell (SBS) auction that closed late on Wednesday.
The ministry had sought 120,000 tonnes of feed wheat and 200,000 tonnes of feed barley in the tender that is usually conducted weekly. It is seeking the same amounts for each grain in a similar tender that will be held on March 5.
The cargoes in the March 5 tender are required to be loaded by June 30 or arrive in Japan by August 29.
Japan buys a small portion of feed wheat and barley via so-called SBS auctions, in which end-users and importers specify the origin, price and quantity of grain, allowing millers to meet their varied needs for the feed grain. (Reporting By Michio Kohno; Editing by Richard Pullin)
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Can anyone post the answer to the bisecton search in the previous set ? I didn't get it but it would be nice to see a correct result for reference.
- 2 years ago
- 2 years ago
minimallinux Group Title
Can anyone post the answer to the bisecton search in the previous set ? I didn't get it but it would be nice to see a correct result for reference.
- 2 years ago
- 2 years ago
This Question is Closed
Chris2332 Group TitleBest ResponseYou've already chosen the best response.1
You must be kidding right? What previous set? The one that is due tomorrow? Once again: I might becoming repetitive but so are these posts. Please do not ask for solutions to problem sets that are not due yet. I got this on an email: "Due to the issues with the grader outages this past weekend, we are extending the due date of Problem Set 2 by 24 hours to Tuesday, Oct 16 at 22:00 EDT. " Until then, we cannot provide the solutions to the exercises. It is not fair to people who have genuinely tried to solve the problems and to people still trying to solve them. This (MITx 6.00) is an online course and people who have registered for it want to learn! When the deadline has passed for a particular problem set, I will be more than happy to assist anyone with understanding the solution to any exercise. I hope this is clear enough! PS. Apologies for the tone but it seems that a lot of people just want the answer!
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TuringTest Group TitleBest ResponseYou've already chosen the best response.1
@Chris2332 Don't be sorry, please! Posting the answers is outright cheating and very much against the code of conduct of OpenStudy (who is in partnership with MIT OCW). It invalidates the site as a source for cheating, as opposed to a site for teaching those willing to learn. Also, to repeat, posting the answers in full too soon after the deadline could be risky since some people could get extensions, or so I hear. I do think MITx will post the answers when they see fit.
- 2 years ago
minimallinux Group TitleBest ResponseYou've already chosen the best response.0
OK, sorr,y I thought it was finished and OK to post, I wasn't intending to try to get the answer or cheat. If you look carefully at my question you will see that I am talking in the past tense.
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Hi folks,
Im in the process of adding a new 2008R2 DC to the current 2003 domain. The VM I intend to use was set up by my predecessor, has had 2008R2 installed, and has been set up with a 75GB C: drive and nowt else. During my research for installing the Domain Services, I noticed it is recommended that the AD database and log files are saved to different disks (I assume for performance and fault tolerance?).
The VM that has been set up is hosted on a HP Proliant G7, with 1.5TB of disk space. The storage is using RAID5, so I have about 800GB space (one hotspare).
What I am wondering is, I could add a second Virtual disk to the VM, and distribute the AD DB and logs between the disks, but if the disk is just a section of the logical volume used by the VM, sitting on top of a RAID 5 set up, is there any point in this (in terms of performance and fault tolerance), or should I just save all to the C: drive?
Thanks in advance.
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Houston-area House member Steve Stockman never fails to make Unfair Park grateful it's based in DFW rather than anywhere near the congressman's Bayou City fiefdom. The guy has suggested arming infants , walked out of one State of the Union address and invited Ted Nugent to another. He's also raised ... More >>
It seems as though Jay Jerrier has taken a different approach when opening his third Cane Rosso, this time in Fort Worth. Instead of hyping the opening as he did with Zoli's, his new York-style pizzeria, resulting in a massive surge of customers that overwhelmed his sales system, Jerrier chose a ste ... More >>
U.S. Representative Steve Stockman is not a subtle man. We could go so far as to say he has a flair for the dramatic. He is, after all, the man who brought Ted Nugent as his plus-one to the State of the Union address, and compared the Earth to a sort of fuel-filled water balloon. And even further ba ... More >>
I don't mean to get too weepy here, so soon after Valentine's Day, but I think this is true, and important: You never forget your first viral-video dance meme. I'm sorry, "Harlem Shake" partisans, but it's true. Whether it was "Call Me Maybe," all the way back in 2012, or "Gangnam Style," all the wa ... More >>
In his State of the Union address yesterday, President Obama laid out a moderately progressive agenda, calling for a higher minimum wage, action to combat climate change, comprehensive immigration reform, and tougher gun control measures. The Nuge was not amused. The New York Times described a "sto ... More >>
The U.S. Senate voted overwhelmingly yesterday to renew the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). It now heads to the House for what will likely be an ugly battle over its renewal; President Obama used part of his State of the Union address last night to urge the House representatives to pass it. Th ... More >>
Steve Lipsky's epic battle and what it means for the future of fracking.
Last week, Obama sang the opening line of Al Green's "Let's Stay Together," so of course it's been everywhere online, but last night, Old School 94.5 told me what I really wanted to know: How I could get my own ringtone rendition of it. I think Obama needs to sing parts of old soul songs more often. ... More >>
Amory Lovins is gonna change the world, probably before he changes a lightbulb. Melting ice caps, starving polar bears and costal towns in eminent danger of submersion -- all of these depressing scenarios are at least in part the results of the stubborn belief that energy efficiency is inevitably an ... More >>