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|Drone attacks in Pakistan
|Part of the War in North-West Pakistan and the War in Afghanistan
|United States
| Taliban
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Haqqani network
Foreign Mujahideen
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
|~30 UAVs[7]
|Casualties and losses
|9 (CIA and other U.S. intelligence agents)
|Total killed: estimated as between 2,080 and 3,646 (As of 3 February 2014)[8][9]
|Drone attacks in Pakistan
|Part of the War in North-West Pakistan and the War in Afghanistan
|United States
| Taliban
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Haqqani network
Foreign Mujahideen
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
|~30 UAVs[7]
|Casualties and losses
|9 (CIA and other U.S. intelligence agents)
|Total killed: estimated as between 2,080 and 3,646 (As of 3 February 2014)[8][9]
Since 2004, the United States government has attacked hundreds of targets in Northwest Pakistan using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) controlled by the Central Intelligence Agency's Special Activities Division.[10] Most of these attacks are on targets in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas along the Afghan border in Northwest Pakistan.
These strikes began during the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush, and have increased substantially under U.S. President Barack Obama.[11] Some in the media have referred to the attacks as a "drone war".[12][13] Initially the U.S. government had officially denied the extent of its policy; in May 2013 it acknowledged for the first time that four U.S. citizens, including Anwar Al-Awlaki, had been killed in the strikes.[14] Surveys have shown that the strikes are deeply unpopular in Pakistan, where they have contributed to a negative perception of the United States.[15]
There is a debate regarding the number of civilian and militant casualties. An estimated 286 to 890 civilians have been killed, including 168 to 197 children.[8][9] Amnesty International found that a number of victims were unarmed and that some strikes could amount to war crimes.[16]
Pakistan's Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharif, has repeatedly demanded an end to the strikes, stating: "The use of drones is not only a continual violation of our territorial integrity but also detrimental to our resolve and efforts at eliminating terrorism from our country".[17] The Peshawar High Court has ruled that the attacks are illegal, inhumane, violate the UN charter on human rights and constitute a war crime.[18] The Obama administration disagrees, contending that the attacks do not violate international law and that the method of attack is precise and effective.[17][19]
Pakistan's government publicly condemns these attacks.[20] However, it also allegedly allowed the drones to operate from Shamsi Airfield in Pakistan until 21 April 2011.[21] According to secret diplomatic cables leaked by Wikileaks, Pakistan's Army Chief Ashfaq Parvez Kayani not only tacitly agreed to the drone flights, but in 2008 requested that Americans increase them.[22] However, Pakistan's Interior Minister Rehman Malik said, "drone missiles cause collateral damage. A few militants are killed, but the majority of victims are innocent citizens."[23] The strikes are often linked to anti-American sentiment in Pakistan and the growing questionability of the scope and extent of CIA activities in Pakistan.
Reports of the number of militant versus civilian casualties differ.[24] In general, the CIA and other American agencies have claimed a high rate of militant killings, relying in part on a disputed estimation method that "counts all military-age males in a strike zone as combatants ... unless there is explicit intelligence posthumously proving them innocent".[25] For instance, the CIA has claimed that strikes conducted between May 2010 and August 2011 killed over 600 militants without any civilian fatalities, a claim that many have disputed.[24] The New America Foundation has estimated that 80 percent of those killed in the attacks were militants.[26] On the other hand, several experts have stated that in reality, far fewer militants and many more civilians have been killed. In a 2009 opinion article, Daniel L. Byman of the Brookings Institution wrote that drone strikes may have killed "10 or so civilians" for every "mid- and high-ranking [al Qaeda and Taliban] leader."[27] The Pakistani military has stated that most of those killed were Al-Qaeda and Taliban militants.[28] The Bureau of Investigative Journalism alleged that 391 to 780 civilians were killed out of a total of 1,658 to 2,597, including 160 children. The Bureau also claimed that since President Obama took office at least 50 civilians were killed in follow-up strikes when they had gone to help victims and more than 20 civilians have also been attacked in strikes on funerals and mourners, a practice condemned by legal experts.[29][30][31]
Barbara Elias-Sanborn has also claimed that, "as much of the literature on drones suggests, such killings usually harden militants' determination to fight, stalling any potential negotiations and settlement."[32] However, analysis by the RAND Corporation suggests that "drone strikes are associated with decreases in both the frequency and the lethality of militant attacks overall and in IED and suicide attacks specifically."[33]
A motive that the 2010 Times Square car bomber Faisal Shahzad stated was the repeated CIA drone attacks in Pakistan, his native country.[34]
Drone strikes were halted in November 2011 after NATO forces killed 24 Pakistani soldiers in the Salala incident.[35] Shamsi Airfield was evacuated of Americans and taken over by the Pakistanis December 2011.[36] The incident prompted an approximately two-month stop to the drone strikes, which resumed on 10 January 2012.
In March 2013, Ben Emmerson, the United Nations Special Rapporteur led a U.N. team that looked into civilian casualties from the U.S. drone attacks, and stated that the attacks are a violation of the sovereignty of Pakistan. Emmerson said government officials from the country clearly stated Pakistan does not agree to the drone attacks, which is contradicted by U.S. officials.[37] In October 2013, Amnesty International brought out a detailed study of the impact of drone strikes that strongly condemned the strikes. The report stated that the number of arbitrary civilian deaths, the tactics used (such as follow-up attacks targeting individuals helping the wounded) and the violation of Pakistani sovereignty meant that the strikes could be considered war crimes.[38]
In May 2014, the targeted killing program was described as "basically over," with no attack having occurred since December 2013. The lull in attacks coincided with a new Obama Administration policy requiring a "near certainty" that civilians would not be harmed, a reduced US military and CIA presence in Afghanistan, a reduced al-Qaida presence in Pakistan, and an increased military role (at the expense of the CIA) in the execution of drone strikes.[39][40]
1) US Drone Strike Statistics estimate according to the New America Foundation.[8]
(As of 25 December 2013)
|Number of
2) The Bureau of Investigative Journalism estimates the following cumulative statistics about US drone strikes:[9]
(As of January 2014)
It is stated in a Bureau of Investigative Journalism (BIJ) report that of all the drone attack victims since 2004, more than 76% of the dead fall in the legal grey zone, 22% are confirmed civilians (included 5% minors) and only the remaining 1.5% are high-profile targets.[41] A classified Pakistani government report obtained in July 2013 by the BIJ shows details of 75 drone strikes that occurred between 2006-09. According to the 12-page report, in this period alone, 176 of the 746 reported dead were civilians, with a further 200 regarded as probable non-combatants.[42]
U.S. President George W. Bush vastly accelerated the drone strikes during the final year of his presidency. A list of the high-ranking victims of the drones was provided to Pakistan in 2009.[43] Bush's successor, Obama, has broadened these attacks to include targets against groups seeking to destabilize Pakistani civilian government; the attacks of 14 and 16 February 2009 were against training camps run by Baitullah Mehsud.[44] On 25 February 2009 Leon Panetta, the director of the CIA, indicated the strikes will continue.[45] On 4 March 2009 The Washington Times reported that the drones were targeting Baitullah Mehsud.[46] Obama was reported in March 2009 as considering expanding these strikes to include Balochistan.[47]
On 25 March 2010 US State Department legal advisor Harold Koh stated that the drone strikes were legal because of the right to self-defense. According to Koh, the US is involved in an armed conflict with al Qaeda, the Taliban, and their affiliates and therefore may use force consistent with self-defense under international law.[48]
Former CIA officials state that the agency uses a careful screening process in making decisions on which individuals to kill via drone strikes. The process, carried out at the agency's counterterrorist center, involves up to 10 lawyers who write briefs justifying the targeting of specific individuals. According to the former officials, if the briefs' arguments are weak, the request to target the individual is denied.[49] Since 2008 the CIA has relied less on its list of individuals and increasingly targeted "signatures," or suspect behavior. This change in tactics has resulted in fewer deaths of high-value targets and in more deaths of lower-level fighters, or "mere foot soldiers" as the one senior Pakistani official told the Washington Post.[50] Signature strikes there must be supported by two sources of corroborating intelligence. Sources of intel include information from a communication intercept, a visual of millitant training camps or intel from CIA assets on the ground.[51] "Signature" targeting has been the source of controversy. Drone critics make the claim that regular citizen behaviors can easily be mistaken for militant signatures.
US officials stated in March 2009 that the Predator strikes had killed nine of al Qaeda's 20 top commanders. The officials added that many top Taliban and al Qaeda leaders, as a result of the strikes, had fled to Quetta or even further to Karachi.[52]
Some US politicians and academics have condemned the drone strikes. US Congressman Dennis Kucinich asserted that the United States was violating international law by carrying out strikes against a country that never attacked the United States.[53] Georgetown University professor Gary D. Solis asserts that since the drone operators at the CIA are civilians directly engaged in armed conflict, this makes them "unlawful combatants" and possibly subject to prosecution.[49]
US military reports asserted that al Qaeda is being slowly but systematically routed because of these attacks, and that they have served to sow the seeds of uncertainty and discord among their ranks. They also claimed that the drone attacks have addled and confused the Taliban, and have led them to turn against each other.[54] In July 2009 it was reported that (according to US officials) Osama Bin Laden's son Saad bin Laden was believed to have been killed in a drone attack earlier in the year.[55]
During a protest against drone attacks, in an event sponsored by Nevada Desert Experience, Father Louie Vitale, Kathy Kelly, Stephen Kelly, SJ, Eve Tetaz, John Dear, and others were arrested outside Creech Air Force Base on Wednesday 9 April 2009.[56][57]
In May 2009 it was reported that the US was sharing drone intelligence with Pakistan.[58] Leon Panetta reiterated on 19 May 2009 that the US intended to continue the drone attacks.[59]
In December 2009 expansion of the drone attacks was authorized by President Barack Obama to parallel the decision to send 30,000 more American troops to Afghanistan.[60] Senior US officials are reportedly pushing for extending the strikes into Quetta in Balochistan against the Quetta Shura.[61] Speaking at a news conference in Islamabad on 7 January 2010 Senators John McCain and Joe Lieberman stated the drone attacks were effective and would continue but stated that US would make greater efforts to prevent collateral damage.[62] In an effort to strengthen trust with Pakistan 'US sharing drone surveillance data with Pakistan, says Mike Mullen '[63] US defence budget for 2011 asked for a 75% increase in funds to enhance the drone operations.[64]
Compare Mr. Obama's use of drone strikes with that of his predecessor. During the Bush administration, there was an American drone attack in Pakistan every 43 days; during the first two years of the Obama administration, there was a drone strike there every four days.[65]
The Associated Press (AP) noted that Barack Obama apparently expanded the scope and increased the aggressiveness of the drone campaign against militants in Pakistan after taking office. According to the news agency, the US increased strikes against the Pakistani Taliban, which earned favor from the Pakistani government, resulting in increased cooperation from Pakistani intelligence services. Also, the Obama administration toned down the US government's public rhetoric against Islamic terrorism, garnering better cooperation from other Islamic governments. Furthermore, with the drawdown of the war in Iraq, more drones, support personnel, and intelligence assets became available for the campaigns in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Since Obama took office, according to the AP, the number of drones operated by the CIA over Afghanistan and Pakistan doubled.[66]
According to some current and former counterterrorism officials, the Obama administration's increase in the use of drone strikes is an unintended consequence of the president's executive orders banning secret CIA detention centers and his attempt to close the Guantanamo Bay prison camp, and capturing prisoners has become a "less viable option".[67] Senator Saxby Chambliss of Georgia alleged that, "Their policy is to take out high-value targets, versus capturing high-value targets... They are not going to advertise that, but that's what they are doing." Obama's aides argued that it is often impossible to capture targets in the tribal areas of Pakistan and Yemen, and that other targets are in foreign custody thanks to American tips. Obama's counter-terrorism adviser, John O. Brennan, said that, "The purpose of these actions is to mitigate threats to U.S. persons' lives," and continued, "It is the option of last recourse. So the president, and I think all of us here, don't like the fact that people have to die. And so he wants to make sure that we go through a rigorous checklist: The infeasibility of capture, the certainty of the intelligence base, the imminence of the threat, all of these things." In response to the concerns about the number of killings, Jeh C. Johnson stated, "We have to be vigilant to avoid a no-quarter, or take-no-prisoners policy."[68]
A study called 'The Year of the Drone" published in February 2010 by the New America Foundation found that from a total of 114 drone strikes in Pakistan between 2004 and early 2010, approximately between 834 and 1,216 individuals had been killed. About two thirds of whom were thought to be militants and one third were civilians.[8]
On 28 April 2011, president Barack Obama appointed General David Petraeus as director of the CIA overseeing the drone attacks. According to Pakistani and American officials this could further inflame relations between the two nations.[69]
According to the Washington Post, as of September 2011, around 30 Predator and Reaper drones were operating under CIA direction in the Afghanistan/Pakistan area of operations. The drones are flown by United States Air Force pilots located at an unnamed base in the United States. US Department of Defense armed drones, which also sometimes take part in strikes on terrorist targets, are flown by US Air Force pilots located at Creech Air Force Base and Holloman Air Force Base. The CIA drones are operated by an office called the Pakistan-Afghanistan Department, which operates under the CIA's Counterterrorism Center (CTC), based at CIA's headquarters in Langley, Virginia. As of September 2011, the CTC had about 2,000 people on staff.[7][70]
US President Obama affirmed on 30 January 2012 that the US was conducting drone strikes in Pakistan. He stressed that civilian casualties in the strikes were low.[71] In a February 2012 poll of 1,000 US adults, 83% of them (77% of the liberal Democrats) replied they support the drone strikes.[72] The Obama administration offered its first extensive explanation on drone-strike policy in April 2012, concluding that it was "legal, ethical, and wise".[73] The CIA's general counsel, Stephen Preston, in a speech entitled "CIA and the Rule of Law" at Harvard Law School on 10 April 2012, claimed the agency was not bound by the laws of war; in response, Human Rights Watch called for the strike program to be brought under the control of the US military.[74] In May, the US began stepping up drone attacks after talks at the NATO summit in Chicago did not lead to the progress it desired regarding Pakistan's continued closure of its Afghan borders to the alliance's supply convoys.[75]
In 2013, the sustained and growing criticism of his drone policy forced Obama to announce stricter conditions on executing drone strikes abroad, including an unspoken plan to partly shift the program from the CIA to the ostensibly more accountable Pentagon,[76] In anticipation of his speech, Obama instructed Attorney General Eric Holder to divulge that four U.S. citizens had been killed by drones since 2009, and that only one of those men had been intentionally targeted.[77] Following Obama's announcement, the United Nations' drone investigator, British lawyer Ben Emmerson, made clear his expectation of a "significant reduction" in the number of strikes over the 18 months to follow,[78] although the period immediately after Obama's speech was "business as usual".[79] Six months later, the CIA was still carrying out the "vast majority" of drone strikes.[80] However, no attack has occurred since December 2013, and the drone war was described as "basically over" in May 2014.[39]
At Senator Dianne Feinstein's insistence, beginning in early 2010 staffs of the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence have begun reviewing each CIA drone strike. The staff members hold monthly meetings with CIA personnel involved with the drone campaign, review videos of each strike, and attempt to confirm that the strike was executed properly.[81]
One of the leading critics of drones in the US Congress is Senator Rand Paul. In 2013, he performed a thirteen-hour filibuster to try to achieve a public admission from President Obama that he could not kill an American citizen with a drone on American soil, who was not actively engaged in combat. Attorney General Eric Holder responded soon after, confirming that the president had no authority to use drones for this purpose.
Eric M. Blanchard, assistant professor of Political Science at Columbia University, notes that "the use of drones reflects several on-going historical military developments that, in turn, reflect the culture and values of American society..."[82] In this, he alludes to technological idealism (the pursuit of a "decisive" technology to end war) and the need to seize the moral high ground, by delivering more "humane" approaches to warfare. Military support for the drones remains strong for a host of reasons: expansion of battlespace, extension of an individual soldiers capabilities, and a reduction of American casualties.[83] Support has also been noted across the political spectrum as focus in the Middle East shifted from Stabilization (warfare)|stabilization]] in Afghanistan to antiterrorist strikes aimed at al-Qaeda leadership in Pakistan.
Blanchard also points to a shift in how gender is viewed in terms of warfare with the advent of technology in place of human soldiers. Fighters often represent an idealized masculinity, portraying strength, bravery, and chivalry, but during the Gulf War of 1990-91 the focus had changed. The computer programmers, missile technologists, high-tech pilots, and other servicemen who were centred around technology were now the focal point of news coverage, removing the warrior-soldier from the conversation.[84]
Feminist IR theory has critiqued the drone program, beginning with the language surrounding "technowar". Akin to the language used to defend potential nuclear warfare during the Cold War, drone attacks involved "smart" weapons launched by "intelligent" computers," a perspective given by the user, not of the victims of drone attacks.[85] Victims do not enter the discourse of technowar, and rather the main discourse hopes to emphasize the lack of any human body in war itself, overlooking those victimized. The victims are thereby dehumanized, while the triumphs of "humanless" warfare are purported. In terms of military service, technowarfare has actually given women more opportunities in the military. By moving away from on-the-ground fighting to fighting with machines, debates about women not being strong enough to serve in ground forces have lost traction.[86] This evolving "riskless" warfare also raises a number of other questions however. As society typically does not allow women to be considered "protectors." As the military becomes more "unmanned" with the continued use of drones, the role of women in the military becomes more unclear. Further, the practice of "riskless warfare" relies upon aerial bombings that primarily punish foreign noncombatants, which includes women and children.[84] As what is considered "battlespace" continues to expand, the frontlines of war increasingly make their way into domestic space. Remote operators are susceptible to the same stresses and psychological problems frontline soldiers are faced with, and (typically female) care-givers on the homefront are left with more burdens, including an increased risk of domestic violence.[87]
Pakistan has repeatedly protested these attacks as an infringement of its sovereignty and because civilian deaths have also resulted, including women and children, which has further angered the Pakistani government and people.[73][89][90][91] General David Petraeus was told in November 2008 that these strikes were unhelpful.[92] However on 4 October 2008 The Washington Post reported that there was a secret deal between the US and Pakistan allowing these drone attacks.[93] US Senator Dianne Feinstein said in February 2009: "As I understand it, these are flown out of a Pakistani base."[94] Pakistani foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi denied that this was true.[95]
On 8 September 2008, a spokesman for the Pakistani army condemned Washington's killing of Pakistani civilians and warned of retaliatory action: "Border violations by US-led forces in Afghanistan, which have killed scores of Pakistani civilians, would no longer be tolerated, and we have informed them that we reserve the right to self defense and that we will retaliate if the US continues cross-border attacks."[96]
The drone attacks continue, despite repeated requests made by Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari through different channels.[97][98] Baitullah Mehsud, while claiming responsibility for the 2009 Lahore police academy attacks, stated that it was in retaliation for the drone attacks.[99] According to The Daily Telegraph, Pakistani intelligence has agreed to secretly provide information to the United States on Mehsud's and his militants' whereabouts while publicly the Pakistani government will continue to condemn the attacks.[100]
On 28 April 2009 Pakistan's consul general to the US, Aqil Nadeem, asked the US to hand over control of its drones in Pakistan to his government. Said Nadeem, "Do we want to lose the war on terror or do we want to keep those weapons classified? If the American government insists on our true cooperation, then they should also be helping us in fighting those terrorists."[101] President Zardari has also requested that Pakistan be given control over the drones, but this has been rejected by the US who are worried that Pakistanis will leak information about targets to militants.[102] In December 2009 Pakistan's Defence minister Ahmad Mukhtar acknowledged that Americans were using Shamsi Airfield but stated that Pakistan was not satisfied with payments for using the facility.[103]
In December 2010 the CIA's Station Chief in Islamabad operating under the alias Jonathan Banks was hastily pulled from the country.[104][105] Lawsuits filed by families of victims of drone strikes had named Banks as a defendant, he had been receiving death threats, and a Pakistani journalist whose brother and son died in a drone strike called for prosecuting Banks for murder.[106][107]
In March 2011 the General Officer Commanding of 7th division of Pakistani Army, Major General Ghayur Mehmood delivered a briefing "Myths and rumours about US predator strikes" in Miramshah. He said that most of those who were killed by the drone strikes were Al-qaeda and Taliban terrorists. Military's official paper on the attacks till 7 March 2011 said that between 2007 and 2011 about 164 predator strikes had been carried out and over 964 terrorists had been killed. Those killed included 793 locals and 171 foreigners. The foreigners included Arabs, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Chechens, Filipinos and Moroccans.[28]
On 9 December 2011, Pakistan's Army Chief Ashfaq Parvez Kayani issued a directive to shoot down US drones. A senior Pakistani military official said, "Any object entering into our air space, including U.S. drones, will be treated as hostile and be shot down."[108]
The daily Indian newspaper The Hindu reported that Pakistan reached a secret agreement with United States to readmit the attacks of guided airplanes on its soil. According to a high western official linked with the negotiations, the pact was signed by ISI chief Lieutenant General Shuja Ahmad Pasha, and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency general David Petraeus during a meeting in Qatar January 2012. According to The Hindu, Lieutenant General Pasha also agreed to enlarge the CIA presence in Shahbaz air base, near the city of Abbottabad, where Al-Qaeda chief Osama bin Laden was killed in May 2011.[109]
According to unnamed US government officials, beginning in early 2011 the US would fax notifications to Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence agency (ISI) detailing the dates and general areas of future drone attack operations. The ISI would send a return fax acknowledging receipt, but not approving the operation. Nevertheless, it appeared that Pakistan would clear the airspace over the area and on the dates designated in the US fax. After the May 2011 raid that killed bin Laden, the ISI ceased acknowledging the US faxes, but Pakistani authorities have appeared to continue clearing the airspace in the areas where US drones are operating. According to an unnamed Pakistani government official, the Pakistan government believes that the US sends the faxes primarily to support legal justification for the drone attacks.[110]
In May 2013, a Pakistani court ruled that CIA drone strikes in Pakistan were illegal. A Peshawar High Court judge said the Pakistani government must end drone strikes, using force if needed.[111] Also at that time, an International Crisis Group report concluded that drone strikes were an "ineffective" way of combating militants in Pakistan.[112] A week later, the Pakistani Taliban withdrew an offer of peace talks after a drone strike killed their deputy leader.[113] The Pakistani Taliban's threat to "teach a lesson" to the US and Pakistan, after the aggressive American rejection of peace talks, resulted in the shooting of 10 foreign mountain climbers,[114] as well as a mis-targeted bomb killing fourteen civilians, including four children, instead of security forces in Peshawar at the end of June 2013.[115] In early June, it was reported that the CIA did not even know who it was killing in some drone strikes.[116] A few days later, the freshly elected Pakistani Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharif, called for an end to drone strikes in his country.[117] Not long after, a US strike killed another nine people, an act that prompted Sharif to summon the US chargé d'affaires in protest and to demand, again, an "immediate halt" to the Anglo-American assassination programme.[118] At the beginning of July 2013—as a drone strike killed another 17 people in Waziristan[119][120]—the findings of a Center for Naval Analyses study, based on classified US military documents, were reported: American drones strikes were 10 times more likely to cause innocent casualties than bombs or missiles launched from planes.[121]
In July 2013, it was reported that the US had drastically scaled back drone attacks in order to appease the Pakistani military, which was under growing pressure to move to end American "airspace violations". The CIA was instructed to be more "cautious" and limit the drone strikes to high-value targets, to cut down on so-called signature strikes (attacks that target a group of militants based purely on their behavior). Pakistani military officials had earlier stated that these drone attacks cannot continue at the tempo they are going at, and that civilian casualties in these strikes are spawning more militants.[122]
On 1 November 2013, the US killed Hakimullah Mehsud.[123] The expressions of anger in Pakistan about the continuance of drone strikes peaked again at the end of November as a political party announced publicly the alleged name of the CIA's station chief in Islamabad, and called for them and CIA director John Brennan to be tried for murder.[124]
After a six-month break, June 2014 saw a drone strike kill 13 people; the attack was again condemned by Pakistan as a violation of its sovereignty.[125] A month later, in July 2014, a similar attack which killed six militants was again criticized by the Pakistani government, particularly as it had just launched an offensive against militants in the area where the strike occurred.[126]
The British newspaper The Times stated on 18 February 2009 that the CIA was using Pakistan's Shamsi Airfield, 190 miles (310 km) southwest of Quetta and 30 miles (48 km) from the Afghan border, as its base for drone operations. Safar Khan, a journalist based in the area near Shamsi, told the Times, "We can see the planes flying from the base. The area around the base is a high-security zone and no one is allowed there."[127] [127] Top US officials confirmed to Fox News Channel that Shamsi Airfield had been used by the CIA to launch the drones since 2002.[88]
Messages recovered from Osama bin Laden's home after his death in 2011, including one from then al Qaeda No. 3, Atiyah Abd al-Rahman reportedly, according to the Agence France-Presse and the Washington Post, expressed frustration with the drone strikes in Pakistan. According to an unnamed U.S. Government official, in his message al-Rahman complained that drone-launched missiles were killing al Qaeda operatives faster than they could be replaced.[128][129][130]
In June and July 2011, law enforcement authorities found messages on al Qaeda-linked websites calling for attacks against executives of drone aircraft manufacturer AeroVironment. Law enforcement believed that the messages were in response to calls for action against Americans by Adam Yahiye Gadahn.[131]
On 3 June 2009, the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) delivered a report sharply critical of US tactics. The report asserted that the US government has failed to keep track of civilian casualties of its military operations, including the drone attacks, and to provide means for citizens of affected nations to obtain information about the casualties and any legal inquests regarding them.[132] Any such information held by the U.S. military is allegedly inaccessible to the public due to the high level of secrecy surrounding the drone attacks program.[133] The US representative at UNHRC has argued that the UN investigator for extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions does not have jurisdiction over US military actions,[132] while another US diplomat claimed that the US military is investigating any wrongdoing and doing all it can to furnish information about the deaths.[134]
On 27 October 2009 UNHRC investigator Philip Alston called on the US to demonstrate that it was not randomly killing people in violation of international law through its use of drones on the Afghan border. Alston criticized the US's refusal to respond to date to the UN's concerns. Said Alston, "Otherwise you have the really problematic bottom line, which is that the Central Intelligence Agency is running a program that is killing significant numbers of people and there is absolutely no accountability in terms of the relevant international laws."[135]
On 2 June 2010 Alston's team released a report on its investigation into the drone strikes, criticizing the United States for being "the most prolific user of targeted killings" in the world. Alston, however, acknowledged that the drone attacks may be justified under the right to self-defense. He called on the US to be more open about the program. Alston's report was submitted to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights the following day.[136]
On 7 June 2012, after a four-day visit to Pakistan, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay called for a new investigation into US drone strikes in Pakistan, repeatedly referring to the attacks as "indiscriminate," and said that the attacks constitute human rights violations.[137] In a report issued on 18 June 2012, Christof Heyns, U.N. special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, called on the US' Obama administration to justify its use of targeted assassinations rather than attempting to capture al Qaeda or Taliban suspects.[138]
According to a report by researchers at Stanford and New York University law schools in 2012,
US drone strikes are extremely unpopular in Pakistan. A 2012 poll by the Pew Research Center's Global Attitude project found that only 17% of Pakistanis supported drone strikes. And remarkably, among those who professed to know a lot or a little about drones, 97% considered drone strikes bad policy.
Civilians in Waziristan interviewed for the report believed "that the US actively seeks to kill them simply for being Muslims, viewing the drone campaign as a part of a religious crusade against Islam."[139] Many professionals working in Waziristan believe that drone strikes encourage terrorism.[139] The report notes similar conclusions reached by reporters for Der Spiegel, The New York Times and CNN.[139]
According to ongoing surveys of public opinion conducted by the New America Foundation, 9 out of 10 of civilians in Waziristan "oppose the U.S. military pursuing al-Qaeda and the Taliban" and nearly 70% "want the Pakistani military alone to fight Taliban and al-Qaeda militants in the tribal areas."[140]
According to a public opinion survey conducted between November 2008 and January 2009 by the Pakistani Aryana Institute for Regional Research and Advocacy, approximately half of the respondents considered drone strikes in Federally Administered Tribal Areas accurate and approximately the same number of respondents said that the strikes did not lead to anti-American sentiment and were effective in damaging the militants.[141] The researchers concluded that "the popular notion outside the Pakhtun belt that a large majority of the local population supports the Taliban movement lacks substance."[142] According to Farhat Taj a member of AIRRA the drones have never killed any civilians. Some people in Waziristan compare the drones to Ababils, the holy swallows sent by Allah to avenge Abraha, the invader of the Khana Kaaba.[143] Irfan Husain, writing in Dawn, agreed called for more drone attacks: "We need to wake up to the reality that the enemy has grown very strong in the years we temporized and tried to do deals with them. Clearly, we need allies in this fight. Howling at the moon is not going to get us the cooperation we so desperately need. A solid case can be made for more drone attacks, not less."[144] In October 2013, the Economist found support among locals for the drone attacks as protection against the militants, claiming no civilians were killed this year.[145]
The Los Angeles Times has reported that in North Waziristan a militant group called Khorasan Mujahedin targets people suspected of being informants. According to the report, the group kidnaps people from an area suspected of selling information that led to the strike, tortures and usually kills them, and sells videotapes of killings in street markets as warnings to others.[146]
According to unnamed counterterrorism officials, in 2009 or 2010 CIA drones began employing smaller missiles in airstrikes in Pakistan in order to reduce civilian casualties. The new missiles, called the Small Smart Weapon or Scorpion, are reportedly about the size of a violin case (21 inches long) and weigh 16 kg. The missiles are used in combination with new technology intended to increase accuracy and expand surveillance, including the use of small, unarmed surveillance drones to exactly pinpoint the location of targets. These "micro-UAVs" (unmanned aerial vehicles) can be roughly the size of a pizza platter and meant to monitor potential targets at close range, for hours or days at a time. One former U.S. official who worked with micro-UAVs said that they can be almost impossible to detect at night. "It can be outside your window and you won't hear a whisper," the official said.[147] The drone operators also have changed to trying to target insurgents in vehicles rather than residences to reduce the chances of civilian casualties.[26]
The New York Times reported in 2013 that the Obama Administration embraced a disputed method for counting civilian casualties, which in effect counts all military-age males in a strike zone as combatants, giving partial explanation to the official claims of extraordinarily low collateral deaths.[148]
A January 2011 report by Bloomberg stated that civilian casualties in the strikes had apparently decreased. According to the report, the U.S. Government believed that 1,300 militants and only 30 civilians had been killed in drone strikes since mid-2008, with no civilians killed since August 2010.[149]
On 14 July 2009, Daniel L. Byman of the Brookings Institution stated that although accurate data on the results of drone strikes is difficult to obtain, it seemed that ten civilians had died in the drone attacks for every militant killed. Byman argues that civilian killings constitute a humanitarian tragedy and create dangerous political problems, including damage to the legitimacy of the Pakistani government and alienation of the Pakistani populace from America. He suggested that the real answer to halting al-Qaeda's activity in Pakistan will be long-term support of Pakistan's counterinsurgency efforts.[27]
United States officials claim that interviews with locals do not provide accurate numbers of civilian casualties because relatives or acquaintances of the dead refuse to state that the victims were involved in militant activities.[150]
The CIA reportedly passed up three chances to kill militant leaders, including Sirajuddin Haqqani, with drone missiles in 2010 because women and children were nearby. The New America Foundation believes that between zero and 18 civilians have been killed in drone strikes since 23 August 2010 and that overall civilian casualties have decreased from 25% of the total in prior years to an estimated 6% in 2010. The Foundation estimates that between 277 and 435 non-combatants have died since 2004, out of 1,374 to 2,189 total deaths.[150]
According to a report of the Islamabad-based Conflict Monitoring Center (CMC), as of 2011, more than 2000 persons have been killed, and most of those deaths were civilians. The CMC termed the CIA drone strikes as an "assassination campaign turning out to be revenge campaign", and showed that 2010 was the deadliest year so far as regards casualties resulting from drone attacks, with 134 strikes inflicting over 900 deaths.[151]
According to the Long War Journal, as of mid-2011, the drone strikes in Pakistan since 2006 had killed 2,018 militants and 138 civilians.[152] The New America Foundation stated in mid-2011 that since 2004 2,551 people have been killed in the strikes, with 80% of those militants. The Foundation stated that 95% of those killed in 2010 were militants.[26] and that, as of 2012, 15% of the total people killed by drone strikes were either civilians or unknown. The foundation also states that in 2012 the rate of civilian and unknown casualties was 2 percent, whereas the Bureau of Investigative Journalism say the rate of civilian casualties for 2012 is 9 percent.[153]
The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, based on extensive research in mid-2011, claims that at least 385 civilians were among the dead, including more than 160 children.[31]
The CIA has claimed that the strikes conducted between May 2010 and August 2011 killed over 600 militants and did not result in any civilian fatalities; this assessment has been criticized by Bill Roggio from the Long War Journal and other commentators as being unrealistic. Unnamed American officials who spoke to the New York Times claimed that, as of August 2011, the drone campaign had killed over 2,000 militants and approximately 50 noncombatants.[24]
An independent research site Pakistan Body Count run by Dr. Zeeshan-ul-hassan a Fulbright scholar keeping track of all the drone attacks claims that 2179 civilians were among the dead, out of which 12.4% were children and women.[154] A report by the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, released 4 February 2012, stated that from under the Obama administration (2008–2011) drone strikes killed between 282 and 535 civilians, including 60 children.[155]
The British human rights group Reprieve filed a case with the United Nations Human Rights Council, based on affidavits by 18 family members of civilians killed in the attacks – many of them children. They are calling on the UNHRC "to condemn the attacks as illegal human rights violations."[156]
A February 2012 Associated Press investigation found that militants were the main victims of drone strikes in North Waziristan contrary to the "widespread perception in Pakistan that civilians... are the principal victims." The AP studied 10 drone strikes. Their reporters who spoke to about 80 villagers in North Waziristan were told that at least 194 people died in the ten attacks. According to the villagers 56 of those were either civilians or tribal police and 138 were militants, with 38 of the civilians dying in a single attack which took place on 17 March 2011. Villagers stated that one way to tell if civilians were killed was to observe how many funerals took place after a strike; the bodies of militants were usually taken elsewhere for burial, while civilians were usually buried immediately and locally.[157]
A September 2012 report by researchers from Stanford University and New York University criticized the drone campaign, stating that it was killing a high number of civilians and turning the Pakistani public against the United States. The report, compiled by interviewing witnesses, drone-attack survivors, and others in Pakistan provided by a Pakistani human rights organization, Foundation for Fundamental Rights, concluded that only 2% of drone strike victims are "high-level" militant leaders. The report's authors did not estimate the numbers of total civilian casualties, but suggested that the February 2012 Bureau of Investigative Journalism report was more accurate than the Long War Journal report (both detailed above) on civilian casualties. The report also opined that the drone attacks were violations of international law, because the US government had not shown that the targets were direct threats to the US.[158] The report further noted the US policy of considering all military-age males in a strike zone as militants following the air strike unless exonerating evidence proves otherwise. Media outlets were also urged to cease using the term "militant" when reporting on drone attacks without further explanation.[159]
In an interview in October 2013, one former drone operator described events suggesting that child casualties may go unrecognized in some mission assessments.[160] A week later, Pakistan's Ministry of Defense stated that 67 civilians had been among the 2,227 people killed in 317 drone strikes since 2008. The Ministry said that the remainder of those killed were Islamic militants.[161]
A UK-based independent group The Bureau of Investigative Journalism launched a project "Naming the Dead" on 24 September 2013, to prepare list of those individuals (civilians and militants) killed in the strikes.[162] The work is based on the bureau's two years research and data collection on drone strikes and their casualties. At launch they published names of 550 people killed in those strikes.[163] A dedicated website[164] has been created that will contain the Names and bio-data of those who have been reported killed.
Imran Khan, chairman Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf political party in Pakistan, announced a Peace March to South Waziristan on 6–7 October 2012 to create global awareness about innocent civilian deaths in US drone attacks. He proposed to take a rally of 100,000 people from Islamabad to South Waziristan. The South Waziristan administration denied the group permission for the rally on the grounds that they can not provide security,[165] but PTI has maintained that they will go ahead with the Peace March. Many International human rights activists and NGOs have shown their support to the Peace March, with former US colonel Anne Wright and British NGO Reprieve joining the Peace March. Pakistani Taliban have agreed to not attack the Peace rally and offered to provide security for the rally.[166]
Saud Mehsud (8 June 2012). "Angry Pakistan summons envoy after U.S. drone strike kills nine". Reuters. Retrieved 8 June 2013. "A U.S. drone strike killed nine people in northwest Pakistan, security officials said, prompting newly sworn-in Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to summon America's envoy on Saturday to protest against such attacks."


text:
Compare Products: Check up to four products with to see a side-by-side comparison
Item #: 59166785
Here at the WEBstaurantStore, we carry dozens of components, parts, and accessories for steam tables with the intent of making it easier for you to provide a successful, stress-free food service. Whether you're looking to extend the storage capacity or functionality of your steam or cold food table, or if you need replacement elements, casters, and more, we're your one stop shop for steam table components! For more steam table accessories, be sure to check out our water filtration systems for steam equipment, steam table adapter bars, and adapter plates.
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Miley Cyrus' Cover Shoot Style
Happier and more gorgeous than ever, cover star Miley Cyrus is the picture of calm in the midst of a paparazzi storm. Don't miss our exclusive interview with Miley from the September issue of Marie Claire!
She's the One
Dress, $2,554, Aquilano.Rimondi; drop earrings, $410, Erickson Beamon; round stone ring, $675, flower ring, $345, Iradj Moini; chain earring, Cyrus' own. On hair: Herbal Essences Set Me Up Heat Protection Spray.


text:
- Far Cry 4 Death By Elephant Week Video
- Far Cry 4 Patched for PC
- Destiny The Dark Below Trailer
- Telltale's Tales from the Borderlands Hits Steam
- Total War: Attila Trailer, Release Date
- Mornin '14
- SpellForce 3 is Coming
- 14 Minutes of Destiny - Vader s Warlock
- Batman: Arkham Knight Gameplay Trailer Shows Combat
- Next-Gen GTA V Captures British Hearts
- Mornin '14
- Total War: Attila
- Destiny
The Dark Below Trailer
- Far Cry 4
Death By Elephant Week Trailer
- Batman: Arkham Knight
Ace Chemicals Infiltration Trailer: Part 1
- Conflicks: Revolutionary Space Battles
- Game of Thrones A Telltale Game Series
Teaser Trailer
- The Crew
101 Trailer
- Far Cry 3
Patch 1.05
- Assassin's Creed 3
Patch v1.02 to v1.03
- Far Cry 3
Patch 1.04
- Far Cry 3
Patch 1.02
- Ghost Recon: Future Soldier
Patch 1.4 to 1.5
- Max Payne 3
Patch v184.108.40.206
- Max Payne 3
Patch v184.108.40.206
News Tagged: psn
Tag Results
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
10:50 am EST @ October 03rd, 2012
Yesterday, Capcom officially launched it's horror action game, Resident Evil 6, giving gamers a chance to, once again, take that trip through zombie-infested streets, forests, graveyards and what have you. Mind you, on day one, PS3 owners who bought Resident Evil 6 via PSN, couldn't get access to the game...
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
05:28 am EST @ July 31st, 2012
As promised last week, Activision has released a playable demo for the upcoming action game Transformers: Fall of Cybertron (PC/360/PS3). The demo is also going to be available on PSN starting tomorrow. The demo is currently available for download via Xbox Live and features a mission...
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
07:58 am EST @ February 08th, 2012
The action side-scroller returns. Check out the launch trailer for Shank 2: VIDEO: Shank_2_Launch_Trailer.flv The game is available for purchase now via Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network and Steam.
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
11:50 am EST @ January 31st, 2012
There's a playable co-op demo for Syndicate now available for download via Xbox Live. Here's the word: Content: Syndicate Co-op Demo Price: Free Availability: Check availability in your Xbox LIVE region Dash Text: Syndicate is a re-imagination of the classic...
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
03:36 am EST @ January 25th, 2012
The demo for the soon-to-be-released action adventure, The Darkness 2, can now be snatched via Xbox Live and PSN. The Darkness 2 demo now also available on Steam. Here's the word: "Embrace the Darkness and download the demo now! In this specially-constructed demo...
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
07:29 am EST @ January 24th, 2012
EA and Starbreeze Studios have revealed that they will release a playable demo of their shooter Syndicate, on January 31, featuring a co-op mission from the game. Here's the official word: The Syndicate co-op demo will feature one of the nine missions in the game...
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
11:42 am EST @ September 29th, 2011
Well, how about that, I Am Alive finally gets an actual trailer: VIDEO: iaacomback.flv The game is set to launch this winter via Xbox Live Arcade and PlayStation Network. "We know people have been waiting for this game to arrive, and we believe it's going to be worth the wait," Adam Novickas, Director of Marketing at Ubisoft, said in a press release...
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
04:15 am EST @ July 20th, 2011
Early this month, indie developer Playdead confirmed that the 2D puzzle-platformer is now set to arrive to both PS3 and PC platforms. Meanwhile, we've learned the release dates for these versions. The developer issued a reminder to gamers that the game is going to be available for PS3 owners via PlayStation Network later today...
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
03:09 am EST @ July 11th, 2011
Limbo, the puzzle platform game, which launched via XBLA on July 21 in 2010, is now on its way to PS3 and PC platforms, as reported earlier. The release date for PS3 and PC has now been officially confirmed. Limbo is set to hit PSN in the US on July 19 and in Europe on July 20...
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
05:02 am EST @ July 01st, 2011
The creepy 2D-style puzzle-platformer, developed by Playdead, arrived to Xbox Live Arcade in summer last year and, following various early reports is finally making its way to PS3 and PC platforms. The first sign was a word posted on the official PlayStation feed: "Playdead founder @DinoPatti confirms that their masterpiece LIMBO is heading to PSN in July...
[Jackson "Smapdey" Johns]
09:21 pm EST @ May 25th, 2011
In at least an attempt to regain some of the good will lost between Sony and PSN users as a result of this never ending hacking story, Sony has ponied up the dough for all PSN users to get free ID theft protection. PSN users can now sign up for the service...
[Jackson "Smapdey" Johns]
11:03 pm EST @ May 09th, 2011
On April 20th, like always, someone was up to some serious business. In this case, these outages. Today is May 9th, so we've have 19 days of downtime for the PlayStation Network. There was talk that everything would be restored by May 31st, but that's been abandoned, outside of a promise that online gaming will return first and ostensibly soon...
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
12:15 pm EST @ August 07th, 2010
The Xbox 360 version of Crystal Dynamics platformer Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light will be available via Xbox Live o August 18. PC and PS3 versions will arrive slightly later than that. What's more, online co-op, in addition to Xbox Live goodies such as support for leaderboard and voice chat features, are going to arrive with a free update on September 28...
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
07:39 am EST @ July 23rd, 2010
Io Interactive and Square Enix Europe confirmed that a playable demo for Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days demo is now live on the PlayStation Network in North America and throughout Europe and other PAL territories. They've also revealed that the Xbox 360 and Windows PC demos will be available next week on July 26, 2010.
[Uros "Vader" Pavlovic]
01:20 am EST @ July 14th, 2010
Crytek and a development studio called IllFonic have announced a new shooter entitled, Nexius. They've described the game as "a fast paced Arena first-person shooter with competitive game play built specifically for consoles." The developers stressed that...
Vote for us to see more hot babes!


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West Village Apartment Rental Photos and Description
One Bedroom Apartment, Sleeps 6
This magnificent one bedroom New York holiday apartment is located in the center of the Greenwich Village district, a short walk to Soho with all its' galleries and fashion boutiques. This New York apartment is available for short term rent and is easily accessible to the subway and a large array of bars, restaurants and nightclubs are all within walking distance.
This holiday apartment is quietly located on the third floor of the building at the front overlooking Bleecker Street. The apartment has a/c and is made up of an open living room at the front and a spacious bedroom at the rear. The living room includes a flat screen TV; two large futon couch (that opens up to a double-sized bed), a fixed dining table.
The bathroom has a shower, w/c and sink with vanity. The kitchen is equipped with a stove, refrigerator, sink, microwave, coffeemaker and toaster. There are plenty of pots, pans, dishes and utensils. The ceilings are high and there is an abundance of light from the large windows located in the living room. The bedroom is equipped with a full-sized bed .
About ApartmentsApart Holdings Limited
We are one of the oldest teams around in the serviced apartments business. We've been doing this almost 15 years and you don't survive that long without doing a few things right.
Your satisfaction is our goal and nothing makes us happier than our guests loving their holidays. Please, please, if something is wrong when you arrive let us know and we will endeavor to fix it right away.
We work harder so you can sleep better
Why ApartmentsApart Holdings Limited chose West Village
All ApartmentsApart properties meet our high standards. We don't take a property on unless:
- it's near the ground floor or has an elevator
- has a decent kitchen
- is well located / convenient for public transport
- would meet the approval of the majority of our guests
And once we take a property on we:
- paint it up
- furnish it tastefully with furniture suitable to sleep as many guests as possible in comfort
- provide extra amenities you'll need for a comfortable stay like hair driers and internet
- supply a handbook for you so you can work the equipment in the apartment
- leave you some tips on the area and restaurants
We're sure that you'll love staying with us. We have hundreds of thousands of customers who already love our services. Why not make it one more?


text:
Texas is a breeding ground.Houston's Children at Risk has published a new study of teen pregnancy that highlights two findings: California does a much better job at preventing it than abstinence-crazy Texas, and 80 percent of Harris County parents support sex education that starts by middle ... More >>
TrafficIt's never a good idea to try and cross a freeway on foot. No matter how fast your 40 time was in high school, you're the decided underdog here, especially if you aren't in your teens as is the case with a man in his 50s who was struck by an oncoming vehicle in the 800 block of the Sou ... More >>
Less chance these days his mom's a teenagerSee what happens when you get rid of abstinence-only sex education? The birth rate for teen mothers is at its lowest point since 1940, when records were first kept, a federal study released today says. The report from the National Center for Healt ... More >>
Just put one foot in front of the other
Teens need not apply?Are immigrants stealing summer jobs from teenagers?Even immigration restrictionist groups can't say for sure, but one such organization claims there is a correlation between the rise of immigrant employment and the decline in the number of U.S. born teens who participate in t ... More >>
Teens are the best experts on teens
Four teens tackle adolescence without the benefit of sight
People are up in arms (Are people ever "down on arms"?) about a new report that shows Houston leads the nation in teen births, at least among women aged 15 or less.Abstinence-only ain't working, we need more abstinence-only, yadda yadda yadda.Sure, having a baby when you're 15 isn't the best choi ... More >>
Web exclusive!
FotoFest goes back to school
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Testosterone levels soar at DiverseWorks
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Sunday, July 21
Magic Island


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|Who we are
|What we do
|Where we work
|News, events & media
|Contact us
|Kenya activities | Country information: wikipedia
EIFL has been collaborating with the Kenya Libraries and Information Services Consortium (KLISC) for over 2 years. Read about all activities in Kenya.
Kenya National Library Service (KNLS) is an EIFL-PLIP grantee. In 2010 EIFL-PLIP supported e-health corners in two KNLS public library branches (Kisumu and Eldoret). Together, they worked with over 1,600 health workers, medical students and members of the public, teaching them to use computers and the internet and to research the internet for health information.
In 2012, an EIFL-PLIP grant supported KNLS Kibera Library's tablet computers project for slum school children. The tablet computers were pre-loaded with educational content and connected to the internet. Over 120 children have learnt to use the tablets and to research the internet for knowledge to help them with difficult school subjects, like mathematics and science.
Also in 2012, Busia Community Library received two EIFL-PLIP grants: one for an educational project using tablet computers to help children pass their Kenya Certificate of Primary Education exams; the second for an agricultural project using ICT (computers, the internet and smart phones) to support farmers in Western Kenya.
Consortium information
|Kenya Libraries and Information Services Consortium (KLISC)
|Legal status
|Legally registered
|Executive Committee
|Type of members
|Non-profit Academic and Research Institutions (Universities, Research Institutes, Tertiary Colleges, Government Research Units and other non-profit academic and research organizations)
|91 (member list)
|Main activities
|Collective access to e-resources, training to librarians and researchers on ICT technologies, promotion of local content, capacity building for libraries and infomation centers in Kenya
|EIFL-Licensed resources
|Commercial e-resources available to members of KLISC through the EIFL-Licensing programme.
EIFL coordinators
|Rosemary Musula Otando, rosemary.otando [at] uonbi.ac.ke
|Second Country
|Agatha Njeri Kabugu, akabugu [at] uonbi.ac.ke
|Agatha Njeri Kabugu, akabugu [at] uonbi.ac.ke
|Evan Mungai Njoroge, evan.njoroge [at] gmail.com
|Japhet Otike, jnotike [at] yahoo.com
|Rosemary Musula Otando, rosemary.otando [at] uonbi.ac.ke
Learn more about Kenya activties


text:
October 24, 2014
A NJ TRANSIT spokesperson said there will be an additional 30 stations by the end of the year and the next implementation will be on board trains
September 2, 2014
Increased sales tax receipts could be the answer that transit agencies, such as Metra have been looking for.
May 17, 2013
The 4G upgrade is already complete on Acela Express and the California-supported Capitol Corridor, Pacific Surfliner and San Joaquin services, and will be rolled out to all remaining Wi-Fi-equipped Amtrak trains by late summer, including the Northeast Regional.
July 18, 2012
The program aims to rehabilitate 176 cars with features such as doors with sensitive edges, new LED signs and wheelchair lifts.
March 2, 2011
By expanding free wireless accessibility on Metrorail and Metromover, and some of the county's most popular express commuter bus routes, Mayor Alvarez said transit riders can enjoy a better transit experience, which could equate to fewer cars on the road and a more sustainable community.
February 2, 2011
Service will remain free of charge during the introductory period, after which the policy will be reviewed based on customer demand and system performance.
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Express Tuesday | Express Thursday | University Transit
Factors in Transit Bus Ramp Slope and Wheelchair-Seated Passenger Safety Nearly 3 million U.S. adults are wheelchair or scooter users1, and as the population ages this number is expected to rise. Many wheelchair users rely upon public transportation to access work, medical care, school and social activities.
Mass Transit Capital Planning An overview of the world-class best practices for assessing, prioritizing, and funding capital projects to optimize resources and align with the organization's most critical immediate and long-term goals.
The Benefits of Door-to-Door Service in ADA Complementary Paratransit Many U.S. transit agencies continue to struggle with the quality of ADA service, the costs, and the difficulties encountered in contracting the service, which is the method of choice for a significant majority of agencies. One of the most basic policy decisions an agency must make involves whether to provide door-to-door, or only curb-to-curb service.
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Get ideas and inspiration, find easy to use patterns
and tutorials for your next sewing project.
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We're taking a sneak peak at the upcoming fashion design course.
Editors' Pick
This classic autumn collection has designs inspired by the Scottish countryside.
Make the Knee Length Dress with Pockets
Meg's Magazine Mash Up 2014
Sew with Meg & see her final steps in sewing the cape & also see a sneak peek of Meg's new course!
Read the post and watch the sneak peek...
Get the cape with hood pattern...
Member Project of the Week
Check out this preppy fall style.
Web Seminars
Read this funny post and watch the video to learn more about why this web seminar is great for you!
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"Jurassic World" Trailer is Here!
Nov 26th, 2014
Trailer for Hugh Jackman's "Peter Pan" Prequel
Nov 26th, 2014
Ridley Scott Won't Direct "Blade Runner 2," Reveals Story Details
Nov 26th, 2014
Michael Fassbender to Star in Danny Boyle's "Steve Jobs" Biopic
Nov 26th, 2014
Trailer for Jennifer Aniston's "Cake" Arrives Online
Nov 26th, 2014
Oscar Isaac is the Villainous Apocalypse in "X-Men: Apocalypse"
Nov 25th, 2014
Michelle MacLaren Will Direct "Wonder Woman" Film
Nov 25th, 2014
Sylvester Stallone Discusses "The Expendables 4" Ideas and Rating
Nov 25th, 2014
New Trailer For "The Interview" Comedy, with James Franco and Seth Rogen
Nov 25th, 2014
First Posters and Photos of Hugh Jackman in "Peter Pan" Prequel
Nov 25th, 2014
Christian Bale Says He Wanted to Play Batman in "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice"
Nov 24th, 2014
First Footage From "Jurassic World" Arrives Online
Nov 24th, 2014
"Wanted" Producer Says Sequel is Still Happening
Nov 24th, 2014
New Photo of Arnold Schwazenegger as T-800 From "Terminator Genisys"
Nov 24th, 2014
"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 1" Dominates at Box Office, Hits Franchise Low
Nov 23rd, 2014
"Guardians of the Galaxy" Director Says Shared Cinematic Universes Can Be a Mistake
Nov 23rd, 2014
Town Bans Winnie the Pooh for Being Half-Naked
Nov 23rd, 2014
First Poster for "Get Hard" Comedy, with Will Ferrell and Kevin Hart
Nov 22nd, 2014
Angelina Jolie Will Quit Acting to Focus on Directing
Nov 22nd, 2014
Trailer for George Lucas' Animated "Strange Magic" Film
Nov 22nd, 2014
Trailer for "Pitch Perfect 2" Arrives Online
Nov 21st, 2014
"Zoolander 2" is Moving Forward, Penelope Cruz Joins Cast
Nov 21st, 2014
Stephen King's "The Stand" to Become Four Movies
Nov 21st, 2014
First Look: Patrick Stewart is a White Supremacist in "Green Room" Thriller
Nov 21st, 2014
Mel Gibson May Direct "Hacksaw Ridge," with Andrew Garfield to Star
Nov 21st, 2014
Ridley Scott Promises "a Fresher Form of Alien" in "Prometheus 2"
Nov 20th, 2014
Full Trailer for Disney's Live-Action "Cinderella"
Nov 20th, 2014
Trailer for "American Heist" Thriller with Hayden Christensen and Adrien Brody
Nov 20th, 2014
Melissa McCarthy to Star in Live-Action "Tinker Bell" Comedy
Nov 20th, 2014
Al Pacino is an Aging Rock Star in "Danny Collins" Trailer
Nov 20th, 2014
Full Trailer for "Peter Pan Live" Musical, with Christopher Walken as Captain Hook
Nov 20th, 2014
Six Actors in Talks for Cyclops and Jean Grey in "X-Men: Apocalypse"
Nov 19th, 2014
How Do Horror Fans Choose Movies? Not By Plot or Cast
Nov 19th, 2014
Christopher Nolan Says "Man of Steel" Was More Difficult Than "The Dark Knight"
Posted: December 29th, 2012 by
WorstPreviews.com Staff
In an interview with the Hollywood Reporter, Christopher Nolan revealed that making "Man of Steel" has been tougher than making "The Dark Knight" trilogy, which is why he's glad he was only producing and was able to leave all the difficult stuff to director Zack Snyder.
Taking on Superman and creating that world is far more difficult than creating the world of the Dark Knight,
" he explained. "
[Snyder] has a lot of finishing to do on the movie -- it has a very long post-production schedule because, unlike Batman, Superman flies.
Nolan continued: "
Zack was the perfect man to take this on. He is unbelievably skilled at creating a coherent, cohesive world -- whether it's a very stylized world, like '300,' or something that's more challenging, more varied, like he did with 'Watchmen.' I try to be as supportive as I can, and I'm just amazed by what he is doing.
Click here to read more about "Man of Steel."
Source: THR
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Turn On
on December 29th, 2012 at 7:30:36 AM
"Christopher Nolan revealed that making "Man of Steel" has been tougher than making "The Dark Knight" trilogy, which is why he's glad he was only producing and was able to leave all the difficult stuff to director Zack Snyder"
So, Nolan is a sissy afterall.
on December 29th, 2012 at 7:33:42 AM
I had a difficult time watching sucker punch.I need some head from hudgens after that
on December 29th, 2012 at 8:54:18 AM
^^I need head from Hudgens all the time.
on December 29th, 2012 at 9:12:30 AM
Who wouldnt?
on December 29th, 2012 at 9:22:47 AM
Bryan Singer
on December 29th, 2012 at 9:43:28 AM
I just hope that it wont be as difficult to watch as TDK/TDKR
on December 29th, 2012 at 10:04:47 AM
i have big hopes on this movie .....please do it right .....
on December 29th, 2012 at 10:25:59 AM
I hope it isn't a borefest like TDKR.
Hudgens needs to come sh*t in my mouth now!!
on December 29th, 2012 at 10:53:44 AM
My hopes are very high for this
on December 29th, 2012 at 11:03:47 AM
Same. Looking forward to this.
on December 29th, 2012 at 12:04:49 PM
i don't care about the haters, but Watchmen was amazing IMO.
on December 29th, 2012 at 12:10:44 PM
Huge Superman fan. I just think the suit looks weird the way they have it. Everything looks okay but there is no belt so it looks like something is missing, and I'm gonna miss John Williams theme.
on December 29th, 2012 at 12:26:27 PM
@ bandolero999
@ BadChadB33
on December 29th, 2012 at 12:37:26 PM
I want to see the new 52 Superman suit in movies. Mostly I just love the mandarin collar. For those that don't keep up with comics. Here's what the new suit looks like. There are better drawings in the comics but this is the best one I could find on google. This one is from the New 52 Justice League. http://www.professorbeej.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/New-52-Justice-League-Superman.png
Patrick Bateman
on December 29th, 2012 at 1:23:38 PM
watchmen was a good effort I really liked it but sucker punch is one of the worst films I have seen in a long while. The trailer for this looks promising though but I will never believe in a trailer for the rest of my life after prometheus, that trailer made the movie look so f*cking good what a let down
on December 29th, 2012 at 1:37:27 PM
Translation: Man of Steel has lots of CGI versus TDK's practical shots, lots of fantasy versus Nolan's brand of organic and comparatively easier realism.
Or in other words, Nolal had it easier because his comic book movies were about working smarter, not harder.
Having said that, Man of Steel should at least be better than Superman Returns, and that's where I'm parking my expectations.
on December 29th, 2012 at 2:02:39 PM
I think they should get rid of the cape. I know, it's all about the romanticism of times that are long gone, but lets be honest the cape is useless.
on December 29th, 2012 at 2:14:51 PM
The cape hides his gay latex-stretching ass.
Keep the cape.
on December 29th, 2012 at 2:24:49 PM
Capes were more like flags that people would wear to either represent where they came or for stylish purposes back in Medieval Europe.
on December 29th, 2012 at 3:33:57 PM
What a great question! Why don't people ask good questions like this more often?
There's some interesting history behind Superman's cape. He always had it; from the first time he was introduced, in 1938.
The first explanation for Superman's indestructible cape (and his entire costume) was that they were made of indestructible material from Krypton. It was not his cape that he was wrapped in for the voyage to Earth, but his baby blankets! which Ma Kent unraveled (they were knitted or crocheted) and re-knit or re-crocheted the fiber into the costume.
As Superboy grew to Superman the fabric stretched (because he wore it ALL the TIME under his other clothes, and presumably the same thing would happen to Supergirl as she grew from a preteen to a woman. But I digress.)
The PURPOSE of the cape was to have a pocket (which he otherwise doesn't have in his costume.)
[Can you envision a scene where someone said, "Hey Superman, you have to PAY for that window you broke with your sonic boom, flying at super speed!" "Gee, sorry," Superman replied. "I don't have any cash on me right now, could I mail you a check...?"]
He also carried his Clark Kent clothes in there. (Even Spider Man was shown carrying his Peter Parker outfit along, in a little webbing-knapsack, for goodness' sake! Where'd you think he got the idea...?) The Kent suit was chemically treated to be resistant to friction heat, so Supes could fly around without burning his clothes to ashes.
[Also, a little known fact, when young Clark started using glasses to protect his secret ID, and used his heat vision for the first time with them on, the glass melted! He had to find a couple rounded pieces of super-plexiglass from the broken window of his rocket, to make into a pair of glasses that he could use his super vision through! Actually, the heat vision is problematical. When Superman was first introduced, he didn't have it. He just had good, sharp vision. Then, he sort of 'graduated' to being able to see things that were hidden, and this became x-ray vision. Then, some dumb writer got it mixed up and thought that he was projecting beams from his eyes and seeing the reflection, akin to radar, rather than just seeing through things by means of background radiation, or something like that. So, the next writer had Superman use "the heat OF his x-ray vision" to burn or melt things. And that developed into a laser-like projection of energy that Superman could use as a ranged-attack capability. So, you see how he kept on getting more and more powerful, and why it was necessary to cut him down to size!]
At the time of Crisis on Infinite Earths (The DC 'reboot' of the universe, for Superman's 50th anniversary and to straighten out all that messed-up continuity), it was established that the costume was made of ordinary Earth fabric. Superman had a sort of 'force field'-- it was never called that, but Ma Kent mentioned that she noticed that clothes next to his skin never got dirty or torn.
The cape was a different matter, however. It wasn't in contact with his skin and wasn't covered by the force field. For the first year or two after his reintroduction, the cape kept getting torn, burned, shredded, etc. Clark had to have a whole row of them in his closet!
(He probably had to call his mother and say "Gee, sorry Ma, but I just had another fight with Bizarro, and I'm all out of capes! Can I stop by for the weekend?" And his mother would say, "Oh, Son, why do you have to keep getting into fights with other boys...? Why can't you behave decently, the way your father and I raised you...?")
Eventually there came a time when Firestorm the Nuclear man used his atomic restructuring powers to make Superman's costume indestructible. I guess the readers howled so much that they had to bring it back. Or it was causing continuity errors of its own: (Hey, Superman tore his costume in the last issue and didn't have time to repair it, now he's on TV at the White House and his costume is in one piece! What gives?)
Anyhow, I don't know if they changed the costume again since then. I hope this answers your question.
There are one or two other matters that you should know. There was a story done in honor of Siegel and Schuster, who created Superman. In the story, aliens wiped out the concept of heroism from the human species in the past. Thus, in the present, there were no heros, and nobody to resist their invasion.
But two teenagers, who wanted to dream of characters for a story, came up with a guy who could protect them from the bad guys. They put a costume on him that would show his muscles. They put an S on his chest to show that he was Strong. They put boots on him, to protect his feet when he ran fast. And they wanted him to fly. They decided that wings would look silly, so they put a cape on him-- "...to catch the wind!"
And they believed in Superman so strongly, that it overcame the effects of the aliens' hypnosis, and Superman reappeared to save the day.
While this was a great story, there have been some kids throughout the years that thought Superman was able to fly because he was wearing a cape, even as someone answered this question. And, sadly, through the years, there have been kids who put on capes and jumped from high places, expecting to fly, and died as a result.
So, protect the little kids you know who read comics. Warn them that only Superman can fly.
on December 29th, 2012 at 4:01:55 PM
Nolan is pretty technical when it comes to his work, while snyder is a product of the digital age. I'm still on the fence about this one, but I got to admit that the trailer was pretty cool, the end when he says something about the world not being ready, made me think 'maybe snyder won't d*ck this up'.
on December 29th, 2012 at 4:05:30 PM
Impressive mink, you know your sh*t dude.
on December 29th, 2012 at 5:17:31 PM
Nice bit about his glasses MINK
on December 29th, 2012 at 6:21:24 PM
TMI Mink :-)
on December 29th, 2012 at 6:25:06 PM
Mark my words, this movie will be the sh*t. Snyder's eye and Nolan's technical support and quality control should be a great mix. Can't wait.
on December 30th, 2012 at 12:09:37 AM
i bet
the first 6 minutes of MAN OF STEEL will be leaked same as TDKR
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(Adds revision to annual forecast in third paragraph and prices in fourth.)
July 14 (Bloomberg) -- The number of condominiums offered for sale in Tokyo and surrounding areas in June had the biggest decline in more than two years following the country's magnitude-9 earthquake and tsunami.
The number of new condominiums put on the market last month unexpectedly fell 33 percent from a year earlier, the Real Estate Economic Research Institute said in a report released in Tokyo today. Last time when the monthly data had a bigger decline was in March 2009 when it dropped 46 percent.
The institute lowered its annual forecast for apartments put up for sale to 45,000 units from 50,000 as some developers may delay sales of apartments due to a slump in the market.
The average price for apartments in the Tokyo region, which includes the surrounding prefectures of Saitama, Chiba and Kanagawa, fell 4.5 percent to 45.1 million yen ($567,000), today's report showed.
The Topix Real Estate Index, measuring 44 property-related stocks, fell after the data was released and closed 0.7 percent lower as of the 3 p.m. close on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
--Editors: Linus Chua, Malcolm Scott
To contact the reporter on this story: Katsuyo Kuwako in Tokyo at firstname.lastname@example.com; Kathleen Chu in Tokyo at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Linus Chua in Singapore at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
I think this is R. californica but haven't verified that yet
I see this plant everywhere in Sonoma County. I think it likes disturbed soils from personal observations.
This was under a valley oak. I found it kicked up like this (I wouldn't remove a singular specimen like this)
The zoom makes this almost look like a tucan chilling in a rainforest because of the giant leaves and the long range zoom. Really, he's sitting on a Eucalyptus tree and the shot was taken under an apple tree. I think there is a nest up there because I see groups of them roosting up there daily.
Pepperwood preserve


text:
Samuel L. Jackson was an usher at the funeral of Martin Luther King in 1968, which led him to become active in the civil rights movement.
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text:
Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction - Long Term Safety and Efficacy
This study has been completed.
Warner Chilcott
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Warner Chilcott
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: February 5, 2010
Last updated: April 11, 2012
Last verified: April 2012
|Tracking Information
|First Received Date ICMJE
|February 5, 2010
|Last Updated Date
|April 11, 2012
|Start Date ICMJE
|January 2010
|Primary Completion Date
|February 2011 (final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Current Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score [ Time Frame: Assessment will be made after each use of the study drug over a 36 week use period. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
|Original Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Same as current
|Change History
|Complete list of historical versions of study NCT01065012 on ClinicalTrials.gov Archive Site
|Current Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Changes in the satisfaction of intercourse, orgasmic function, sexual desire and overall satisfaction [ Time Frame: Assessment will be made after each use of the study drug over a 36 week use period. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
|Original Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Same as current
|Current Other Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Not Provided
|Original Other Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Not Provided
|Descriptive Information
|Brief Title ICMJE
|Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction - Long Term Safety and Efficacy
|Official Title ICMJE
|Open-Label Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Udenafil Tablets in Male Subjects With Erectile Dysfunction
|Brief Summary
Open-Label Phase 3 study to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of udenafil, an orally administered selective inhibitor of PDE-5 for the treatment of subjects with erectile dysfunction (ED).
|Detailed Description
Patients completing the double-blind phase will be entered into Study 01409 at the intermediate dose. Up and down dose adjustments will be allowed.
|Study Type ICMJE
|Study Phase
|Phase 3
|Study Design ICMJE
|Allocation: Non-Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Condition ICMJE
|Erectile Dysfunction
|Intervention ICMJE
|Drug: Udenafil
Tablets via oral administration before an attempt at sexual intercourse. All subjects started at 100 mg and titrated up to 150 mg or down to 50 mg per Investigator and subject.
|Study Arm (s)
|Experimental: Open-Label
Subjects initially assigned to 100 mg dose but may titrate down to 50 mg or up to 150 mg as determined by subject and Investigator.
Intervention: Drug: Udenafil
|Publications *
|Not Provided
* Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline.
|Recruitment Information
|Recruitment Status ICMJE
|Enrollment ICMJE
|Completion Date
|February 2011
|Primary Completion Date
|February 2011 (final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Eligibility Criteria ICMJE
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
|19 Years and older
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers
|Contacts ICMJE
|Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
|Location Countries ICMJE
|United States
|Administrative Information
|NCT Number ICMJE
|Other Study ID Numbers ICMJE
|Has Data Monitoring Committee
|Responsible Party
|Warner Chilcott
|Study Sponsor ICMJE
|Warner Chilcott
|Collaborators ICMJE
|Not Provided
|Investigators ICMJE
|Information Provided By
|Warner Chilcott
|Verification Date
|April 2012
ICMJE Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP


text:
The 1000 pocket Viscount mixes layers of conventional fillings with 70mm of visco-elastic fibre, more commonly referred to as memory foam. Developed by NASA; memory foam is denser than normal foam and has properties of responding to your body weight and temperature. This means pressure points, like hips and shoulders, are minimised and your spine is held in perfect alignment whatever the position you sleep in. The mattress is incredibly comfortable, and is non-turn.
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text:
My Tumblr account: annholland.tumblr.com/
1- I live in one of the polders of the Netherlands.2- I am folowing and education about administration.3- Drawing is my hobby. 4- I know how to ride a horse. And 5- my fav anime is hetalia axis power.
My favs are:
1 Iceland
2 Netherlands
3 Denmark
4 England
5 Prussia
6 America
7 Canada
8 Italy N
9 Belgium
10 the rest.
Characters I don´t really like: France, he´s just way to perverted.
Pairing I like: Gerita, Prucan, PrUK, UsUk, NedBel, Spamano, DenNed etc.
I can totally freak out of: Spiders !!!


text:
WLA needs a Vice President for 2014/2015. The Vice President is also the President Elect and becomes the President for the next year. Volunteer and help WLA flourish!
President: The President is the chief executive officer of the Association and is responsible for managing the business affairs of the Association and for enforcing all resolutions of the Board of Directors. The President shall sign on behalf of the Association all agreements and formal instruments under the seal of the Association, shall preside at all meetings of the Association at which she/he is present, and shall approve all expenditures of monies by the Association. The President is an ex-officio member of every committee of the Association.
Ashford, Barbara (New Rochelle). Spellcast. DAW Books, 2011.
Barbieri, Maggie (Croton). Extra Credit. New York: St. Martin's, 2012.
DeLillo, Don (Yonkers). The Angel Esmeralda: Nine Stories. New York: Scribner, 2011.
Engelmann, Karen (Dobbs Ferry). Stockholm Octavo. New York: Ecco Press, 2012.
Gross, Andrew (Purchase). Eyes Wide Open. New York: William Morrow, 2011.
Santiago, Esmeralda (Somers). Conquistadora. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011.
Staub, Wendy Corsi (Katonah). Nightwatcher. New York: Harper, 2012.
Tropper, Jonathan (New Rochelle). One Last Thing Before I Go. New York: Penguin, 2012.
Woodruff, Lee (Rye). Those We Love Most. New York: Voice/Hyperion, 2012.
Zimmerman, Jean (Ossining). The Orphanmaster. New York: Viking Press, 2012
Courage, Richard (Valhalla) and Robert Bone. The Muse in Bronzeville: African American Creative Expression in Chicago, 1932-1950. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2011.
Fleder, Rob (Briarcliff Manor). Damn Yankees: Twenty-Four Major League Writers on the World's Most Loved (and Hated) Team. New York: Ecco, 2012.
Gilbert, Allison (Irvington). Parentless Parents: How the Loss of Our Mothers and Fathers Impacts the Way We Raise Our Children. New York: Hyperion, 2011.
Kennedy, Kostya (Larchmont). 56: Joe DiMaggio and the Last Magic Number in Sports. New York: Sports Illustrated Books, 2011.
Massie, Robert K. (Irvington). Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman. New York: Random House, 2011.
Pearlman, Jeff (New Rochelle). Sweetness: the Enigmatic Life of Walter Payton. Gotham, 2011.
Reisler, Jim (Irvington). Igniting the flame: America's first Olympic team. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2012.
Rosenstrach, Jenny (Dobbs Ferry). Dinner: a Love Story. New York: Ecco, 2012.
Steinberg, Jacques (Larchmont). You are an Ironman: How Six Weekend Warriors Chased Their Dream of Finishing the World's Toughest Triathlon. New York: Viking, 2011.
Tarrant-Reid, Linda (New Rochelle). Discovering Black America: From the Age of Exploration to the Twenty-First Century. New York: Abrams, 2012.
Warner, Priscilla (Larchmont). Learning to Breathe: My Year-Long Quest to Bring Calm to My Life. New York: Free Press, 2011.
Wickenden, Dorothy (Pelham). Nothing Daunted: the Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West. New York: Scribner, 2011.
Zevin, Dan (Larchmont). Dan Gets a Minivan: Life at the Intersection of Dude and Dad. New York: Scribner, 2012.
Anne Izard Storytellers' Choice Award
2012 Winners
Bateman, Teresa. The Leprechaun under the Bed. Illustrated by Paul Meisel. Holiday House, 2012.
Claflin, Willy. Rapunzel and the Seven Dwarfs: A Maynard Moose Tale. Illustrated by James Stimson. August House, 2011
Ellis, Elizabeth. From Plot to Narrative: A Step-By-Step Process of Story Creation and Enhancement. Parkhurst Brothers, Inc., 2012.
Ford, Lyn. Affrilachian Tales: Folktales from the African-American Appalachian Tradition. Parkhurst Brothers, Inc., 2012.
Gotschall, Jonathan. The Storytelling Animal: How Stories Make Us Human. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012.
Hamilton, Mary. Kentucky Folktales: Revealing Stories, Truths, and Outright Lies. University Press of Kentucky, 2012.
Lyon, George Ella. Which Side Are You On: The Story of a Song. Illustrated by Christopher Cardinale. Cinco Puntos Press, 2011.
MacDonald, Margaret Read. The Boy from the Dragon Palace. Illustrated by Sachiko Yoshikawa. Albert Whitman and Company, 2011.
Pinkney, Andrea Davis. Hand in Hand: Ten Black Men Who Changed America. Illustrated by Brian Pinkney. Hyperion Books an imprint of Disney/Jump at the Sun, 2012.
Pullman, Philip. Fairy Tales from the Brothers Grimm. Viking Adult, 2012
Strauss, Linda Leopold. The Elijah's Door: A Passover Tale. Illustrated by Alexie Natchev. Holiday House, 2012.
Suresha, Ron J The Uncommon Sense of the Immortal Mullah Nasruddin. Lethe Press, 2011
Van Dusen, Chris. King Hugo's Huge Ego. Candlewick, 2011.


text:
I am sorry this is so silly but i have to know, I got married a couple of years ago and i brought my co worker with me as a witness, and now we don't get a long well so she is asking for a copy of my marriage certificate bc it has here name on it and she is threaten to call the court and say she doesn't wanna be the witness anymore .. I mean just crazy funny stuff..now what should i do ? is it ok to give her a copy ? what can she do ? i have a wonderful husband and we are happily married and all
In Colorado, you do not even need to have witnesses sign the marriage certificate. It is totally optional. I have been doing wedding ceremonies for 17 years as a judge and retired judge. She has no right to a copy of the marriage license and she can not remove herself as a witness. I would suggest that she schedule an appointment with a psychologist. She needs some serious help. She can not undo your marriage. CO is also a common law marriage state and you two have held yourselves out as husband and wife since the marriage, so you ARE husband and wife. Additionally, the two of you signing the certificate is all that matters. CO is a self-acknowledgement state and does not need to have the judge/minister/officiant or witnesses to sign. So, tell her to stop bothering you and get a life.
If you were married in Colorado then witnesses are not a legal requirement to a valid marriage. Colorado does not even require an officiant and Colorado law allows the parties (groom and bride) to sign their own marriage license if they so desire. Since your co-worker was not necessary when you got married, her silly demand to be removed as a witness would not affect your marriage even if it were possible (it is not). Enjoy your husband and ignore your petty coworker.
Do nothing. Ignore her demands for a copy of the license. She cannot un-witness you. You are fine.
This is not a general question. You are asking for a consultation. No problem, but not on AVVO. AVVO is a free general legal information blog, not a substitute for legal advice. Hire an immigration attorney for that.
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text:
Martial Arts Osborne Park
Western Australia > Osborne Park Directory > Sports and Recreation > Osborne Park Martial Arts
Your search returned 6 Osborne Park Martial Arts listings
Osborne Park Martial ArtsBasic Listings
Australasian Wing Chun Kung Fu OrganisationPhone: (08) 9446 3451 Address: Unit 5/ 3 Collingwood Street, Osborne Park, WA | Report
Australian FreestylePhone: (08) 9444 1411 Address: Unit 6/ 1 Roberts Road, Osborne Park, WA | Report
Ringsport Factory DirectPhone: (08) 9446 2025 Address: 29 O'malley Street, Osborne Park, WA | Report
Taoist Tai Chi Society Of Western Australia (inc)Phone: (08) 9444 3431 Address: 6 Powell Street, Osborne Park, WA | Report
Yang Mian SystemPhone: 0410 730 860 Address: 3/ 219a Main Street, Osborne Park, WA | Report
Judo International JCPhone: (08) 9204 2605 Address: 27 Colray Av, Osborne Park, WA | Report
Martial Arts in Osborne ParkIf you own a business in Osborne Park and would like to have your business listed here then add your business to the guide. You can get a Classic Listing where you will be able to feature your business including a photo, opening hours, specials and more in our Osborne Park Martial Arts directory.
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Martial Arts in surrounding locationsStirling Martial Arts Scarborough Martial Arts Balcatta Martial Arts Nedlands Martial Arts North Beach Martial Arts
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Richard's Tyrepower
Phone: (08) 9444 2233 | Location: Osborne Park, WA | Web: http://tyresperth.net/
Richard's Tyrepower Perth have been fitting cars with tyres in Perth since 1976. Get high quality Tyres & expert advice for your vehicle. Call us today!
The Fabric Printer
Phone: (08) 9244 9000 | Location: 2/16 Sundercombe St, Osborne Park, WA
TFP Apparel is a WA owned and operated business based conveniently just north of Perth in Osborne Park. TFP Apparel has been operating since 1994, striving to deliver the best possible wholesale T-shirts and apparel with screen printing and embroidery.
Sign Companies Perth
Phone: (08) 9446 9280 | Location: Unit 1 / 298 Selby Street, Osborne Park, WA
Scope Graphics will look after your business image if you need vehicle graphics, Banners, Window Graphics, Stickers, Flyers, Signage, We do it all. Find out why our customer don't go anywhere else.
See the Martial Arts main category for all Martial Arts business listings.


text:
November 25, 2014
Stay up-to-date with KAKE News:
Thursday, May 9, 2013
A concourse at Miami International Airport has been evacuated as authorities investigate a suspicious package.
Airport spokesman Marc Henderson says the package was discovered Thursday at about 3:05 p.m. outside the gate of a Caribbean Air flight.
All passengers in the airport's J concourse were evacuated to a nearby area.
Ten flights have been unable to depart and two incoming flights were diverted to other gates.
No further information on the package was immediately available.
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Nov. 9: Daily Headlines Video
Date: November 9, 2012
by: Eddie Kirsch | Web Editor
+Sarasota County authorizes Beach Road repair
Recent water samples showed a marked increase at Bird Key park, just west of the Ringling Causeway.
+The triumph of the swans
Harbour Links unofficial swan keeper David Novak discovered he was in the presence of royalty.
+Friday Night Clash: Nov. 9
Regular seasons close out tonight as match ups include: Braden River vs. Palmetto Ridge, Lakewood Ranch at Manatee, ODA vs. Cardinal Mooney and more.
+WEEKEND BEST BET: Bacchus on the Beach
The grand finale of the two-day event is a beachside wine tasting and charity auction.
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26 One Touch Art and Bedding
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26 Thanksgiving Eve Service-Traditional Service
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3 Advent Study
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6 17th Annual Jingle & Jog Road Race and 1 Mile Fun Walk
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