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Unilateral Mydriasis After Mandibular Fracture Fixation Surgery
Introduction: Unilateral mydriasis is a seriously significant finding in neurologic examinations indicating life-threatening conditions such as cerebral vascular injuries. Case Presentation: A 24 year old woman with mandibular trauma was referred to our center after five days for a reduction of the right mandibular angle fracture. The patient had no history of any loss of consciousness after the accident. Her physical examination showed no abnormalities, except those related to her mandibular fracture. The laboratory results were normal as well. At 8:30 am a general anesthesia was induced. The patientĺs eyes were kept shut throughout the surgical procedure. The operation included an intraoral open reduction and fixation using two miniplates without any complications. After the operation, it was noticed that the left eye was completely dilated with no reaction to light, while the right eye was normal. The management and outcomes in this patient were described in the present case report. Conclusions: Evaluating the size of the patientĺs pupils before, during and after the operation, careful history, consult, CT scan and MRI would help to diagnosis. Although no probable cause was found to explain the transient mydriasis in our patient.
Nesioonpour, Sholeh; Khiabani, Kazem; Hassanijirdehi, Marzieh
Underestimated fracture probability in patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis as calculated by FRAX.
Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are age-related diseases often considered to be mutually exclusive. We previously found that 25% of women with advanced OA had occult OP and that femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores were significantly higher for osteoarthritic vs contralateral hips. The FRAX calculator incorporates clinical risk factors and FN BMD T-score to estimate 10-yr total fracture probability and hip fracture probability. In 35 women and men aged 41 yr or older with unilateral hip OA scheduled for hip replacement, we tested whether FRAX fracture probability is underestimated when using data for the OA rather than the contralateral hip. There were between-hip differences for FN BMD T-score (p<0.0001), total fracture probability (p =0.0004), and hip fracture probability (p =0.0009). Use of FN BMD T-scores resulted in OP treatment recommendations for 0% and 11% of subjects compared with 11% and 17% for total fracture probability and hip fracture probability, respectively. In 6-11% of subjects in this series, the FRAX calculator underestimated fracture probability with data for the OA hip. With the increased use of FRAX in clinical use, these data suggest that measurement of BMD at the contralateral hip may yield higher calculated FRAX total and hip fracture probabilities. PMID:21852168
Setty, Nithya; Leboff, Meryl S; Thornhill, Thomas S; Rinaldi, Giulia; Glowacki, Julie
Cadaveric position of unilateral vocal cord: a case of cricoid fracture with ipsilateral arytenoid dislocation
We report a case of cricoid cartilage fracture with unilateral arytenoid dislocation following a motorcycle accident. This 25 year old male sustained blunt injury to the head, face and neck. He presented late to the hospital with one week history of dysphonia. Laryngoscopy revealed cadaveric position of the non-functioning left vocal cord. CT and MRI showed laterally displaced left vocal cord. Displaced fractures were noted in the cricoid at the junction of lamina with the anterior arch on the left side and at the right side of the anterior arch, along with dislocated left arytenoid resulting in ipsilateral vocal cord palsy. Medialization thyroplasty was performed to improve his phonation. Laryngeal trauma warrants close monitoring because of the risk of airway compromise. Radiologists play a crucial role in early diagnosis and should always have high index of suspicion. Recognition of laryngeal injury is important for initial resuscitation as well as for long term airway and vocal function.
Gopalakrishnan, Nirmalkumar; Mariappan, Kalaichezhian; Indiran, Venkatraman; Maduraimuthu, Prabakaran; Varadarajan, Chandrasekhar
Regularized formulation of the variational brittle fracture with unilateral contact: Numerical experiments
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This paper presents a modified regularized formulation of the Ambrosio-Tortorelli type to introduce the crack non-interpenetration condition in the variational approach to fracture mechanics proposed by Francfort and Marigo [1998. Revisiting brittle fracture as an energy minimization problem. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 46 (8), 1319-1342]. We focus on the linear elastic case where the contact condition appears as a local unilateral constraint on the displacement jump at the crack surfaces. The regularized model is obtained by splitting the strain energy in a spherical and a deviatoric parts and accounting for the sign of the local volume change. The numerical implementation is based on a standard finite element discretization and on the adaptation of an alternate minimization algorithm used in previous works. The new regularization avoids crack interpenetration and predicts asymmetric results in traction and in compression. Even though we do not exhibit any gamma-convergence proof toward the desired limit behavior, we illustrate through several numerical case studies the pertinence of the new model in comparison to other approaches.
Amor, Hanen; Marigo, Jean-Jacques; Maurini, Corrado
Evaluation of soft tissue asymmetry using cone-beam computed tomography after open reduction and internal fixation of zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture
Objectives In this study, we assessed soft tissue asymmetry that occurred after open reduction of unilateral zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. We proposed a simple method to assess soft tissue asymmetry after reduction surgery by evaluating the symmetry between the affected and the unaffected sides. The factors affecting soft tissue contour after surgery were also analyzed. Materials and Methods Subjects included patients admitted to Wonkwang University Dental Hospital from 2008 to 2013. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of asymmetric patients who underwent open reduction at least 3 months prior were compared with healthy patients. Results The degree of asymmetry was measured in both the open reduction and control groups. Landmarks that showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups were zygion (1.73▒0.24 mm), bucclae (1.08▒0.26 mm), point of cheek (2.05▒0.33 mm) and frontozygomatic point (1.30▒0.31 mm). Conclusion When compared with the normal group, asymmetry can occur in the affected side, which usually shows depression of overlying soft tissue and is statistically significantly different. Evaluation of soft tissue asymmetry with CBCT images after open reduction of ZMC fracture is useful.
Kim, Dong Hyuck; Kim, Rae Hyong; Lee, Jun; Chee, Young Deok
Is radiological shortening of the ramus a reliable guide to operative management of unilateral fractures of the mandibular condyle?
Several studies have published measurements of the height of the ramus on orthopantomographic (OPT) images of patients with unilateral fractures of the mandibular condyle as a possible quantitative measure for making decisions about treatment. However, we know of no studies that have described the accuracy and validity of such measurements. The aim of the present study was to assess the shortening of the ramus in patients with such fractures, and compare them with differences found in a control group. Seventy-four patients and 74 controls were studied. The height of the ramus on the fractured was less than that on the uninjured side, although this was not statistically significant (p=0.25). In the control group, 50 subjects (68%) had a difference in the ramal height of more than 2mm. Of 74 patients, 25 (34%) had a shorter, uninjured ramus on the opposite side. A Bland and Altman scatterplot showed 23 outliers (31%) among the patients, which exceeded the mean (SD 1.96) of the control group. The interobserver and intraobserver reliability both showed excellent agreement for all measurements made. Shortening of the ramus can be measured on OPT images. However, in a control group there was a large mean difference in height. Among the patients, 25/74 (34%) also had an uninjured ramus on the opposite side that was shorter than that on the fractured side. Measurement of the difference in height on an OPT image cannot be relied on as an absolute indication for intervention. PMID:24874527
Kommers, Sofie; Moghimi, Meshkan; Ven, Lisanne van de; Forouzanfar, Tymour
Marker-assisted Selection of ZmC 4Ppc in Rice Breeding and Yield Trait Performances of Advanced Lines
The full-length of intact Zea mays gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene (ZmC4Ppc) is 6 781 bp. The products of PCR for this gene were not clear with poor repeatability, resulting in that it was difficult for marker-assisted selection (MAS) both in rice and maize. For selecting the markers for MAS, sequences presented only in maize rather than in rice were
Xun-chao XIANG; Ji-hang LI; Li-bin HE; Ping LI
Mandibular motion after closed and open treatment of unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures
Purpose: This study compared mandibular and condylar mobility after open or closed treatment for fractures of the mandibular condylar process.Patients and Methods: One hundred thirty-six patients (111 male, 25 female), 74 treated by closed and 62 by open methods, were included in this study. They underwent testing of mandibular and condyle mobility at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1, 2,
Celso Palmieri; Edward Ellis; Gaylord Throckmorton
A 45-year-old man presented with a unilateral, papulopustular, rosacealike, chronic dermatitis which involved the left portion of the forehead and the eyelids unilaterally. Many Demodex mites were found in the follicles of the affected area. Topical crotamiton cleared the lesions after an unsuccessful trial with oral metronidazole. This observation provides further evidence that demodicidosis is a condition distinct from common rosacea. PMID:9649702
Pallotta, S; Cianchini, G; Martelloni, E; Ferranti, G; Girardelli, C R; Di Lella, G; Puddu, P
Prospective blind comparative clinical study of two point fixation of zygomatic complex fracture using wire and mini plates
Background The zygomatic maxillary complex (ZMC) fractures are one of the most frequent injuries of the facial skeleton due to its position and facial contour. Assaults, road traffic accidents and falls are the principal etiologic factors that may cause fractures of zygomatic bone. The different fixation methods are applied to treat the zygomatic bone fractures, with many more classifications which have been described in the literature for the ease of management. The type of the fracture, its severity and associated facial fractures usually interferes the treatment modality. Purpose of study The aim of this paper is to show the results of 18yrs prospective blind comparative study using wire and plate osteosynthesis which needed open reduction and internal fixation involving Type II to Type IV Spissel and Schroll ZMC fractures. Materials and methods Total 80 cases included in the study out of 1780 ZMC cases which were treated using wire and plate osteosynthesis over a period of 18 yrs, involving only Type II to Type IV Spissel and Schroll ZMC fractures. Other types excluded from study to prevent observer bias. All the fixations carried out through Standard Dingman's incision using stainless steel 26 gauze wire and titanium 1.5 mm mini plate system under general anesthesia by single maxillofacial surgeon and evaluated by another maxillofacial surgeon who is blinded for surgical procedure after 2 and 4 wks of follow-up for facial symmetry, wound healing, functional assessment (mouth opening, diplopia), and sensory disturbance. All the data tabulated in Excel software (Microsoft) for statistical analysis. P-value calculated to know the Significance of treatment modality in all aspects. Results Result shows no significant p-values indicating both the operating techniques are equally efficient in the surgical management of ZMC fracture. Conclusion Osteosynthesis by mini plates is simple, logical and effective treatment compared to wire osteosynthesis in regard to stability of fracture fragments. Wire osteosynthesis will be helpful in emergency surgeries or where the mini plates are not available. Even though the wire osteosynthesis is economical compared to mini plate fixation; but the time and skill is required for fixation of wires.
Traumatic unilateral vasomotor rhinitis.
Vasomotor rhinitis (VMR) is a commonly encountered entity that may be difficult to diagnose. The classic symptoms are clear rhinorrhea and nasal congestion, commonly brought on by exercise, stress, heat, cold, and environmental irritants. The diagnosis is one of exclusion, and management usually involves avoidance of inciting agents and treatment with an anticholinergic nasal spray. We describe a case of VMR in a 22-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of clear, left-sided rhinorrhea and epiphora that had begun shortly after a motor vehicle accident approximately 1.5 years earlier, but which she had not reported at that time. The patient's left carotid canal had been fractured and the surrounding sympathetic plexus injured in the accident, resulting in an overactive parasympathetic system. Both exercise and heat exacerbated her symptoms. Allergy was excluded by negative allergy testing, and the patient did not respond to fluticasone nasal spray. Given the mechanism of injury, the unilaterality of symptoms, and the patient's lack of response to nasal steroids, it was thought that the VMR was due to the earlier traumatic injury, which had resulted in imbalance of the autonomic neural input. A trial of ipratropium was given to directly treat the parasympathetic overactivity. This treatment resulted in immediate improvement in both the nasal and lacrimal secretions. PMID:23288805
Harlor, Evan J; Greene, J Scott; Considine, Catherine
Unilateral pudendal neuropathy
PURPOSE: Obstetric trauma and excessive defecatory straining with perineal descent may lead to pudendal neuropathy with bilateral increase in pudendal nerve terminal motor latencies (PNTML). We have frequently observed unilateral prolongation of PNTML. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of unilateral pudendal neuropathy are discussed. METHODS: Records of 174 patients referred to pelvic floor laboratory for anorectal manometry and PNTML testing were
Yash P. Sangwan; John A. Coller; Richard C. Barrett; John J. Murray; Patricia L. Roberts; David J. Schoetz
Unilateral demodectic rosacea.
A unilateral rosacea-like chronic dermatitis of the right side of the face was shown to harbor innumerable Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis. Treatment with oral metronidazole suppressed the dermatitis but did not significantly reduce the Demodex population. Treatment with topical crotamiton eliminated the Demodex and was curative. These observations support the view that D. folliculorum and D. brevis may be pathogenic when they are present in extremely large numbers. PMID:2523912
Shelley, W B; Shelley, E D; Burmeister, V
Transient ipsilateral mydriasis during correction of left blowout fracture.
Mydriasis, either bilateral or unilateral, seldom occurs during reconstruction of periorbital fracture. Anisocoria, a unilateral mydriasis, requires more urgent assessment than bilateral mydriasis does. Pharmacologic agents, local anesthetic infiltration, as well as direct or indirect oculomotor nerve damage are possible causes of unilateral mydriasis. Few cases have been reported about intraoperative temporary ipsilateral mydriasis during correction of blowout fracture. We have experienced an unusual case of anisocoria and report the case with literature reviews. PMID:24561370
Lee, Ju-Min; Kim, Cheul-Hong; Kim, Uk-Kyu; Chung, In-Kyo
A clinical analysis of bilateral orbital fracture.
Although bilateral orbital fracture can cause serious eyeball and facial skeletal problems, few reports have been issued on the topic. We analyzed the clinical features of bilateral orbital fracture by reviewing the medical records of 147 patients and compared bilateral and unilateral fractures by reviewing the literature.Bilateral orbital fracture was most common in men aged between 50 and 59 years. A traffic accident was the leading cause of trauma, and average time between trauma and surgery was 12.2 days. Bilateral medial fracture accompanied by nasal fracture accounted for the overwhelming majority, and impure blowout fracture in at least 1 eye occurred in 69.4% of the 147 patients. Associated ocular injuries seemed to be similar for bilateral and unilateral fracture. Thirty-five patients (23.8%) had other multiple traumas affecting other than the eyes, and this significantly increased the need for surgery (P < 0.05). Of the 48 patients who underwent surgery, including 4 cases of bilateral surgery, 21 patients who had ocular motility restriction with central diplopia within 30 degrees almost completely recovered. No significant relation between the timing of surgery and improvement was found. Although unilateral surgery was performed in most cases, facial asymmetry related to enophthalmos was unclear at 6 months postoperatively.In summary, bilateral orbital fracture was found to be clinically distinguishable from unilateral fracture in several aspects. We hope these findings provide a reference guide to the approach and management of bilateral orbital fracture. PMID:24514894
Roh, Joon Ho; Jung, Jee Woong; Chi, Mijung
A case of unilateral dysmenorrhea
Unilateral dysmenorrhea in an adolescent may be associated with uterine malformation. Relevant investigations in suspected cases and timely intervention can prevent future complications in such cases. Here, we present a case of unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn in an adolescent complaining of unilateral dysmenorrhea.
Borah, Tulon; Das, Ananya; Panda, Subrat; Singh, Santa
Stability with unilateral external fixation in the tibia.
Unilateral external fixation can be used in the provisional or definitive treatment of tibial fractures. A properly applied fixator allows bony and soft tissue stability, whereas an improperly applied fixator achieves neither and can be a hindrance. The principles for the successful application of monolateral external fixation, including the rationale for choosing this type of device, the assembly of its components and deciding on planes of application, are discussed in this article. PMID:18427910
Giotakis, N; Narayan, B
Computed tomography of unilateral hematometrocolpos.
A 14-year-old girl presented with urinary retention and a pelvic mass. Computed tomography revealed a uterus didelphys with a unilateral right moderate hematometra and a large hematocolpos. PMID:3366982
Fields, S I; Katz, S; Beyth, Y
Purtscher's retinopathy after fracture dislocation of shoulder joint.
Purtscher described sudden blindness in patients with severe head trauma due to a remote retinopathy, characterised by bilateral retinal haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and optic disc swelling seen on fundoscopy. A similar retinopathy has been reported in compressive chest trauma, long bone fractures, and acute pancreatitis. It is less well recognised that Purtscher's retinopathy can occur unilaterally and following less severe trauma. We present a case of unilateral remote traumatic retinal angiopathy following a fracture dislocation of the shoulder joint. PMID:16244355
Nayak, H; Harun, S; Palimar, P
[Occipital condyle fractures: a case report].
Occipital condyle fractures are rare, and conservative treatment is sufficient for many cases. Surgical treatment may be required if the condyle fracture is accompanied by atlantooccipital dislocation. Unfortunately, condyle fracture generally cannot be diagnosed with X-ray in the emergency department. Recently, computed tomography scans have been used more frequently, and enable easier diagnosis of these types of fractures. In this report, we describe a patient who admitted to our emergency department after a major trauma. She complained of neck pain, and maxillofacial trauma was more evident. Her cervical X-rays were normal, but cervical computed tomography revealed unilateral occipital condyle fracture. PMID:24936848
Dinš, Cem; TŘrko?lu, Mehmet Erhan; Tuncer, Cengiz; Aykanat, Omer; Ozšelik, Derya; Ozkan, Gamze
Interhemispheric Control of Unilateral Movement
To perform strictly unilateral movements, the brain relies on a large cortical and subcortical network. This network enables healthy adults to perform complex unimanual motor tasks without the activation of contralateral muscles. However, mirror movements (involuntary movements in ipsilateral muscles that can accompany intended movement) can be seen in healthy individuals if a task is complex or fatiguing, in childhood, and with increasing age. Lateralization of movement depends on complex interhemispheric communication between cortical (i.e., dorsal premotor cortex, supplementary motor area) and subcortical (i.e., basal ganglia) areas, probably coursing through the corpus callosum (CC). Here, we will focus on transcallosal interhemispheric inhibition (IHI), which facilitates complex unilateral movements and appears to play an important role in handedness, pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, and stroke recovery.
Beaule, Vincent; Tremblay, Sara; Theoret, Hugo
Managing advanced unilateral pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.
The only proven therapy for glaucoma is intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, which can be accomplished by different means. Each should be properly discussed with patients in order to best preserve visual function and quality of life. We report a case of unilateral pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, treated for years with triple topical IOP-lowering drugs. The patient presented with advanced optic neuropathy and important ocular side effects secondary to the treatment. Having discussed his options and prognosis, laser trabeculoplasty was performed while maintaining the remaining therapy considering the advanced stage of glaucoma. His IOP was effectively reduced and no progression was noted after 1-year follow-up. Although medical therapy is the mainstream in glaucoma management, its side effects should not be ignored, especially in unilateral cases. Surgery might have been a better solution, but we chose to perform laser trabeculoplasty, an effective and safer alternative, considering the unlikely but serious risk of the "wipe-out phenomenon" in this case. PMID:24850557
Marques, AndrÚ
Audiological assessment of unilateral deafness.
Unilateral deafness constitute medical (aetiological diagnosis, treatment, hearing aid fitting) and social problems (no certification of disability). Following audiological examinations were performed in the study: pure tone audiometry (PTA), impedance audiometry, auditory brainstem responses (ABR), otoacoustic emissions (OAE), as well as balance, taste, examinations and electric sensitivity of the acoustic nerve. In cases of tinnitus the parameters of its character were done. All of our patients underwent X-ray investigations, i.e. ear X-ray by SchŘller and Stenvers methods, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. In some cases phoniatric and logopaedic examinations were performed. For aetiological diagnosis electrophoresis and immunological test (IgG and IgM against mumps) were carried out. The results were presented in two groups of patients with sudden and those of long lasting progressive unilateral deafness. Some of the patients were pharmacologically treated before the evaluation. It is concluded that the statistic analysis could be a basis for the management and prognosis of the unilateral deafness. PMID:11318476
Pruszewicz, A; Obrŕbowski, A; Woznica, B; Sekula, A; Swidzi?ski, P; Karlik, M
Utility of Helical Computed Tomography in Differentiating Unilateral and Bilateral Facet Dislocations
Objective: Diagnosis of cervical facet dislocation is difficult when relying on plain radiographs alone. This study evaluates the interobserver reliability of helical computed tomography (CT) in the assessment of cervical translational injuries, correlates the radiographic diagnosis with intraoperative observation, and examines the role of neurologic injury in the evaluation and diagnosis of these injuries. Methods: Clinical histories and radiographic studies of 10 patients with cervical facet dislocations were presented to 25 surgeons. Participants classified cases as unilateral or bilateral facet dislocations after reviewing selected axial CT slices and sagittal reconstructions. Surgeons' interpretations were compared with intraoperative diagnosis. Participants interpreted the same radiographic studies with 3 different clinical scenarios: neurologically intact, incomplete, and complete spinal cord injury. Vertebral body translation from midsagittal CT was evaluated to confirm whether all unilateral facet dislocations had <25% translation. Results: Interrater ? coefficient showed moderate agreement between observers in classifying injuries as unilateral or bilateral (?: 0.54ľ0.58), regardless of neurologic status. Percent agreement among observers varied from 50% to 100% for each individual case. Agreement was statistically higher for bilateral facet dislocation (85%) than for unilateral dislocations (78%), with 1 unilateral fracture showing nearly 50% translation on a midsagittal image. Conclusions: The addition of helical CT to reconstruction enables spine surgeons to more reliably distinguish bilateral from unilateral cervical facet dislocations. Despite frequent occurrence of these injuries and presumed agreement on injury description, agreement may be improved by a more precise definition of facet dislocations and subluxations and thorough review of all imaging studies.
Dailey, Andrew T; Shaffrey, Christopher I; Rampersaud, Raja; Lee, Joonyung; Brodke, Darrel S; Arnold, Paul; Nassr, Ahmad; Harrop, James S; Grauer, Jonathan; Bono, Christopher M; Dvorak, Marcel; Vaccaro, Alexander
Surgical complications of mandibular condylar fractures.
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the complications of 58 patients who underwent surgery for mandibular condylar process fractures. Data were collected from patients during a 10-year period (1999-2009). The data recorded included demographic data, etiology, diagnosis, type of condylar fracture, surgical approaches, and postoperative complications. A total of 58 underwent surgery for reduction of the condylar fractures. There were 22 patients with bilateral condyle fractures and 36 patients with unilateral condyle fractures, accounting for 65 surgeries. In 8 fractures, a preauricular approach was performed to access the fractures condyle, whereas the retromandibular approach was performed in 57 fractures. There were 2 temporary facial palsies, 1 permanent facial palsy, and 1 sialocele. There were no cases of hypertrophic scar, Frey syndrome, or salivary fistula. In conclusion, permanent deformities after surgical complications were unusual, and the results are acceptably safe. PMID:21778851
Lima, Sergio Monteiro; Asprino, Luciana; Moreira, Roger Willian Fernandes; de Moraes, Mßrcio
Unilateral Eyelid Ptosis and a Red Eye
A 56-year-old woman presented with a unilateral ptosis induced by a nonembedded soft contact lens of approximately 2 yearsĺ duration. The unilateral ptosis most likely resulted form localized inflammation and the physical presence of the soft contact lens. The patientĺs symptoms resolved completely after double lid eversion and lens removal
Niraj P Patel; Peter J Savino
Unilateral eyelid ptosis and a red eye.
A 56-year-old woman presented with a unilateral ptosis induced by a nonembedded soft contact lens of approximately 2 years' duration. The unilateral ptosis most likely resulted form localized inflammation and the physical presence of the soft contact lens. The patient's symptoms resolved completely after double lid eversion and lens removal. PMID:9763140
Patel, N P; Savino, P J; Weinberg, D A
Unilateral hyperhydrosis in Pourfour du Petit syndrome
Upper limp hyperhydrosis is an idiopathic disease with bilateral involvement. However, Pourfour du Petit syndrome, the opposite of Horner syndrome, may result in unilateral upper limb hyperhydrosis. It occurs following hyperactivity of the sympathetic cervical chain as a consequence of irritation secondary to trauma. We report herein two cases with Pourfour du Petit syndrome showing unilateral upper limb hyperhydrosis. The
Murat Kara; Erkan Dikmen; Cengiz Akarsu; Ahu Birol
An unusual cause of unilateral facial pain.
Cardiac pain that is referred to the face is a common symptom in patients with angina pectoris, but unilateral facial pain referred from a non-ischaemic cardiac source is rare. We report a case of unilateral facial pain that occurred in relation to a large pericardial effusion and which resolved on drainage of the effusion. PMID:10563079
Chukwuemeka, A O; John, L C
Unilateral Lumbosacral Dislocation: Case Report and a Comprehensive Review
Lumbosacral fracture-dislocation is a rare occurrence. There are more than 73 cases reported in the English literature. We report on the imaging findings and surgical treatment in a patient suffered of unilateral traumatic L5-S1 dislocation associated with severe disruption of the posterior ligamentous complex. The patient underwent open reduction and stabilization of L4-S1 vertebrae with posterior instrumentation system. Open reduction and internal fixation was mandatory as post-traumatic ligamentous insufficiency would lead to abnormal motion. Operative treatment managed to produce a solid arthrodesis and restore stability of the lumbosacral junction. Follow-up revealed excellent results. This study reports a rare injury of the lumbosacral junction, and the literature concerning this unusual condition is extensively reviewed.
Grivas, Theodoros B; Papadakis, Stamatios A; Katsiva, Vassiliki; Koufopoulos, George; Mouzakis, Vassilios
[Unilateral choanal atresia: a missed diagnosis].
Bilateral choanal atresia is a congenital anomaly usually diagnosed at birth. In contrast, unilateral atresia causes variable degrees of nasal stuffiness and discharge that might mask the diagnosis and delay the proper treatment. We present five cases of unilateral atresia in which the correct diagnosis was delayed and erroneous treatments were instituted--two adults who had undergone unnecessary septal and turbinate surgery, two older children who were treated medically and one patient who was treated for epiphora. Insufficient awareness of this entity occurring in adults and older children and other possible causes of diagnostic error are discussed. A unilateral mucoid or watery rhinorrhea and obstruction, that lasts from early childhood without evidence of sinusitis and not responding to any medical treatment, should alert the physician to consider unilateral atresia and to perform endoscopic and computed tomography examinations at an early age. Careful interpretation of the computed tomography scan including the axial planes is required. PMID:23367729
Joshua, Ben-Zion; Gluck, Ofer; Puterman, Mark
36 CFR 223.236 - Unilateral termination.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01...Unilateral termination. 223.236 Section 223.236 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL...
A Case of Unilateral Auditory Neuropathy
We report a case of unilateral auditory neuropathy (AN) showing improvement in both pure tone hearing (PTA) and speech discrimination\\u000a scores (SDS) with time. Some reports have documented the findings of auditory examination in patients with unilateral AN,\\u000a and a few reports have documented the time-related changes in these findings for the same patients. A 3-year-old Japanese\\u000a boy was referred
Yuki Saito; Mitsuya Suzuki; Tunemasa Sato
Management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis.
Management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis continues to generate controversy. Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) injection remains the most popular procedure for medialization; however, there are problems involved with its use. Endoscopic assessment of patients treated with medialization laryngoplasty revealed a normal mucosal wave form in contrast to the stiff vocal fold observed with Teflon injection. Medialization laryngoplasty is also considered a reversible procedure. Based on these findings, medialization laryngoplasty should be considered the procedure of choice for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. PMID:7733552
Odland, R M; Wigley, T; Rice, R
Unilateral Posterior Atlantoaxial Transarticular Screw Fixation in Patients with Atlantoaxial Instability : Comparison with Bilateral Method
Objective Bilateral C1-2 transarticular screw fixation (TAF) with interspinous wiring has been the best treatment for atlantoaxial instability (AAI). However, several factors may disturb satisfactory placement of bilateral screws. This study evaluates the usefulness of unilateral TAF when bilateral TAF is not available. Methods Between January 2003 and December 2007, TAF was performed in 54 patients with AAI. Preoperative studies including cervical x-ray, three dimensional computed tomogram, CT angiogram, and magnetic resonance image were checked. The atlanto-dental interval (ADI) was measured in preoperative period, immediate postoperatively, and postoperative 1, 3 and 6 months. Results Unilateral TAF was performed in 27 patients (50%). The causes of unilateral TAF were anomalous course of vertebral artery in 20 patients (74%), severe degenerative arthritis in 3 (11%), fracture of C1 in 2, hemangioblastoma in one, and screw malposition in one. The mean ADI in unilateral group was measured as 2.63 mm in immediate postoperatively, 2.61 mm in 1 month, 2.64 mm in 3 months and 2.61 mm in 6 months postoperatively. The mean ADI of bilateral group was also measured as following; 2.76 mm in immediate postoperative, 2.71 mm in 1 month, 2.73 mm in 3 months, 2.73 mm in 6 months postoperatively. Comparison of ADI measurement showed no significant difference in both groups, and moreover fusion rate was 100% in bilateral and 96.3% in unilateral group (p=0.317). Conclusion Even though bilateral TAF is best option for AAI in biomechanical perspectives, unilateral screw fixation also can be a useful alternative in otherwise dangerous or infeasible cases through bilateral screw placement.
Hue, Yun Hee; Yi, Hyeong-Joong; Oh, Seong Hoon; Oh, Suck Jun; Ko, Yong
External fixation as a primary and definitive treatment for tibial diaphyseal fractures
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of unilateral external fixator as primary and definitive treatment\\u000a for open tibial fractures, fractures with severe soft tissues injuries, threatened compartment syndrome, and in multiply injured\\u000a patients. Two hundred and twenty-three tibial shaft fractures (212 patients) were treated. In open fractures, union was achieved\\u000a in 25áweeks, while in closed in
Michail Beltsios; Olga Savvidou; John Kovanis; Panagiotis Alexandropoulos; Panagiotis Papagelopoulos
Posterior interbody fusion using a diagonal cage with unilateral transpedicular screw fixation for lumbar stenosis.
Few reports have described the combined use of unilateral pedicle screw fixation and interbody fusion for lumbar stenosis. We retrospectively reviewed 79 patients with lumbar stenosis. The rationale and effectiveness of unilateral pedicle screw fixation were studied from biomechanical and clinical perspectives, aiming to reduce stiffness of the implant. All patients were operated with posterior interbody fusion using a diagonal cage in combination with unilateral transpedicular screw fixation and had reached the 3-year follow-up interval after operation. The mean operating time was 115 minutes (range=95-150 min) and the mean estimated blood loss was 150 mL (range=100-200 mL). The mean duration of hospital stay was 10 days (range=7-15 days). Clinical outcomes were assessed prior to surgery and reassessed at intervals using Denis' pain and work scales. Fusion status was determined from X-rays and CT scans. At the final follow-up, the clinical results were satisfactory and patients showed significantly improved scores (p<0.01) either on the pain or the work scale. Successful fusion was achieved in all patients. There were no new postoperative radiculopathies, or instances of malpositioned or fractured hardware. Posterior interbody fusion using a diagonal cage with unilateral transpedicular fixation is an effective treatment for decompressive surgery for lumbar stenosis. PMID:21237659
Zhao, Jian; Zhang, Feng; Chen, Xiaoqing; Yao, Yu
Migraine with benign episodic unilateral mydriasis
Pupil asymmetry or anisocoria can have benign or malignant causes, and be categorized as acute or chronic. It can also be a normal finding in about 20% of cases. Benign episodic unilateral mydriasis is an isolated benign cause of intermittent pupil asymmetry. The exact pathophysiology is not always understood. According to one hypothesis, it is due to discordance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. It is occasionally seen in patients with migraine. Some authors consider it a limited form of ophthalmoplegic migraine. We report a case of benign episodic unilateral mydriasis diagnosed in a 30-year-old lady with a history of migraine who had extensive negative neurological evaluation.
Skeik, Nedaa; Jabr, Fadi I
Migraine with benign episodic unilateral mydriasis.
Pupil asymmetry or anisocoria can have benign or malignant causes, and be categorized as acute or chronic. It can also be a normal finding in about 20% of cases. Benign episodic unilateral mydriasis is an isolated benign cause of intermittent pupil asymmetry. The exact pathophysiology is not always understood. According to one hypothesis, it is due to discordance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. It is occasionally seen in patients with migraine. Some authors consider it a limited form of ophthalmoplegic migraine. We report a case of benign episodic unilateral mydriasis diagnosed in a 30-year-old lady with a history of migraine who had extensive negative neurological evaluation. PMID:21760752
Skeik, Nedaa; Jabr, Fadi I
Unilateral Isolated Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency
Objective. To discuss a patient with a prenatal diagnosis of unilateral isolated femoral focal deficiency. Case. Antenatal diagnosis of unilateral isolated femoral focal deficiency was made at 20 weeks of gestation. The length of left femur was shorter than the right, and fetal femur length was below the fifth percentile. Proximal femoral focal deficiency was diagnosed. After delivery, the diagnosis was confirmed with skeletal radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging. In prenatal ultrasonographic examination, the early recognition and exclusion of skeletal dysplasias is important; moreover, treatment plans should be initiated, and valuable information should be provided to the family.
Doger, Emek; Kopuk, Sule Y.; Cak?roglu, Yigit; Cak?r, Ozgur; Yucesoy, Gulseren
Prenatal diagnosis of unilateral tibial hemimelia.
We describe a case of unilateral tibial agenesis which was initially observed at 21 weeks' gestation. Unlike bilateral tibial hemimelia syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant condition, unilateral tibial agenesis, which accounts for about three-quarters of all newborns with this condition, has not previously been described. This case could have been a sporadic abnormality but, in view of the association with other observations (distal bifurcation of the femur, club foot), could be considered as an autosomal recessive inherited condition with variable penetrance. Ultrasonographic features and the genetic prognosis are discussed. PMID:8705415
Dreyfus, M; Baldauf, J J; Rigaut, E; Clavert, J M; Gasser, B; Ritter, J
Unilateral breast uptake on radionuclide ventriculography.
Gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography is frequently used to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction. We report a case of unilateral breast activity resulting in significant underestimation of the left ventricular ejection fraction, which mimicked a left ventricular aneurysm, pseudoaneurysm, or an intrathoracic vascular mass. Unilateral breast uptake, in the absence of gastric activity, was presumed because of increased blood pool in the lactating breast, a finding not previously reported in the literature. This case is also presented to emphasize the importance of localizing abnormalities based on a review of tomographic images or images taken in at least 2 orthogonal projections. PMID:24662654
Pelletier-Galarneau, Matthieu; Sogbein, Oyebola O; Pham, Xuan H; Zuckier, Lionel S
Recurrent Unilateral Vulval Elephantiasis: A Case Report
Genital elephantiasis is caused by a variety of infective and non infective causes leading to blockage of lymphatic. We are presenting a rare case of recurrent unilateral vulval elephantiasis which has recurred after initial reconstructive surgery. A 38 year old female presented with vulval swelling and on examination there was gross unilateral vulval enlargement. FNAC (Fine needle aspiration cytology) and biopsy were contributory for diagnosis. Patient was started with antibiotics and daily dressing was done till the infection was subsided and the patient was planned for reconstructive surgery.
G., Sampath Kumar; Venkatesh, Shreedhar
Analysis of the Biomechanical Properties of the Mandible After Unilateral Distraction Osteogenesis
Background The purpose of this study was to establish biomechanical outcomes measures to evaluate how mandibular distraction osteogenesis affects the overall quality of bone healing in the mandible. Strength and functional integrity of the regenerate was quantitatively determined after unilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis in comparison to the contralateral mandible, and a partially reduced fracture. We hypothesized that the breaking load, yield and stiffness of mandibular distraction osteogenesis would be significantly reduced in comparison to both the contralateral mandible and a partially reduced fracture. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis (n=8) or a partially reduced fracture (n=6). External fixators were secured, unilateral osteotomies created behind the 3rd molar, followed by either mandibular distraction osteogenesis: 4days latency then 0.3mm Q12hrs Î 8days (5.1mm) or a partially reduced mandibular fracture: fixed gap post-operatively (2.1mm). Both groups underwent 4 weeks consolidation. The contralateral mandibles were used as controls (n = 14). Mandibles were tension tested at 0.5mm/s to failure and then breaking load, yield and stiffness were determined. Results mandibular distraction osteogenesis had significantly lower breaking load, yield and stiffness when compared to the contralateral mandible, by 40%, 30% and 60%, respectively. Breaking load was reduced in partially reduced mandibular fractures by 40% when compared to mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Conclusion Utilizing a standard Ilizarov protocol, the strength and durability of the regenerate, as measured by breaking load, yield and stiffness in mandibular distraction osteogenesis was significantly lower than contralateral mandibles. Surprisingly, the breaking load of mandibular distraction osteogenesis was significantly greater than partially reduced mandibular fracture. These verifiable metrics of regenerate integrity can be utilized to discern optimal outcomes of mandibular distraction osteogenesis, and to extrapolate the data from the bench and bring it to the bedside, enhancing the clinical applications of this powerful technique.
Schwarz, Daniel A.; Arman, Krikor G.; Kakwan, Mehreen S.; Jamali, Ameen M.; Buchman, Steven R.
Unilateral vestibular loss impairs external space representation.
The vestibular system is responsible for a wide range of postural and oculomotor functions and maintains an internal, updated representation of the position and movement of the head in space. In this study, we assessed whether unilateral vestibular loss affects external space representation. Patients with MeniŔre's disease and healthy participants were instructed to point to memorized targets in near (peripersonal) and far (extrapersonal) spaces in the absence or presence of a visual background. These individuals were also required to estimate their body pointing direction. MeniŔre's disease patients were tested before unilateral vestibular neurotomy and during the recovery period (one week and one month after the operation), and healthy participants were tested at similar times. Unilateral vestibular loss impaired the representation of both the external space and the body pointing direction: in the dark, the configuration of perceived targets was shifted toward the lesioned side and compressed toward the contralesioned hemifield, with higher pointing error in the near space. Performance varied according to the time elapsed after neurotomy: deficits were stronger during the early stages, while gradual compensation occurred subsequently. These findings provide the first demonstration of the critical role of vestibular signals in the representation of external space and of body pointing direction in the early stages after unilateral vestibular loss. PMID:24523916
Borel, Liliane; Redon-Zouiteni, Christine; Cauvin, Pierre; Dumitrescu, Michel; DevŔze, Arnaud; Magnan, Jacques; PÚruch, Patrick
Unilateral retinal dysplasia clinically mimicking retinoblastoma.
Retinal dysplasia is a rare non-neoplastic congenital disorder characterized by aberrant differentiation of the retina with formation of abnormal tubular and rosette-like structure. Clinically, the lesion presents with leukocoria and mimics a retinoblastoma. One such case is described that occurred unilaterally in a 9-month-old boy. PMID:21158372
Biswas, Saumitra; Paul, Prabir Chandra; Chakraborty, Jayati; Chakrabarti, Sudipta
Unilateral hyperlucent lung: the case for investigation
Seventeen children with unilateral hyperlucent lungs were referred for investigation. Of the 11 who had a referring diagnosis of possible Macleod's syndrome only two were shown to have post-viral bronchiolitis. Three of the 11 had conditions that required surgical treatment and a further two with brochiectasis were treated medically. To avoid confusion we suggest that Macleod's syndrome is reserved exclusively
S A McKenzie; D J Allison; M P Singh; S Godfrey
Unilateral and segmental localised polycystic kidney disease.
Unilateral and segmental localised polycystic disease is a rare type of cystic disease of the kidney. It takes the form of a segmental cystic abnormality in one kidney morphologically identical to the autosomal dominant adult form of polycystic kidney disease. The clinical, radiological, and pathological appearances of a case are described. The differential diagnosis and a possible pathogenic mechanism are discussed. Images
Gouldesbrough, D R; Fleming, S
Unilateral non-communicating cervical atresia in a patient with uterus didelphys and unilateral renal agenesis.
A 16-year-old adolescent girl presented with chronic pelvic pain. Pelvic ultrasound and MRI showing a uterus didelphys, normal left uterus and cervix, right pelvic fluid collection and right unilateral renal agenesis. After two unsuccessful vaginal surgeries for drainage of hematotrachelos and creation of an outflow tract, patient underwent unilateral total abdominal hysterectomy with final pathology confirming hematotrachelos and non-communicating cervical atresia on the right. Patient on postoperative follow-up doing well. PMID:20813328
Saleh, Marwan; Badawy, Shawky Z A
Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis after Sternal Fracture
We report a 54-year-old woman who suffered a commotio cerebri, whiplash injury and a chest trauma with sternal fracture due to a high-velocity car accident. Two months later, she developed unilateral ptosis and blurred vision, which worsened during the day. Multiple diagnoses were suggested, ranging from thoracic outlet syndrome towards depression. Symptoms persisted and five years later, the patient consulted a neurologist. Laboratory analysis revealed significantly elevated levels of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors, and the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was made. Speculatively, the damage of retrosternal thymic remnants due to a sternal fracture might have precipitated the condition or exacerbated subclinical disease.
Petersen, Jens A.; Jung, Hans H.; Weller, Michael; Linnebank, Michael
Emergency room physicians frequently see facial fractures that can have serious consequences for patients if mismanaged. This article reviews the signs, symptoms, imaging techniques, and general modes of treatment of common facial fractures. It focuses on fractures of the mandible, zygomaticomaxillary region, orbital floor, and nose. Images p520-a p522-a
Carr, M. M.; Freiberg, A.; Martin, R. D.
Smell sparing unilateral intracranial dermoid resection
Intracranial dermoid cysts are congenital ectodermal inclusion cysts that have a propensity to occur in the midline sellar, parasellar, or frontonasal regions. These cysts enlarge by means of glandular secretion and epithelial desquamation. Surgical resection has traditionally included a craniotomy, but endoscopic approaches are now used with increasing regularity. A binostril approach is normally used to access dermoid cysts due to the midline nature of the lesions. In this case report, we describe the successful surgical resection of a dermoid with 1.5-cm of intracranial extension using a unilateral endonasal endoscopic approach with no complications and with no postoperative anosmia. Although the unilateral endoscopic technique is not plausible for all epidermoid or dermoid cysts of the anterior cranial fossa, it should be considered a viable alternative technique when faced with a dermoid limited to one side of the falx cerebri.
Grayson, Jessica W.; Chaaban, Mohamad R.; Riley, Kristen O.
Differential outcomes of unilateral interferences at birth.
Behavioural modifications, including modifications of emotional reactivity, can occur following early experience such as handling (manual rubbing). Here, we investigated the effects of unilateral tactile stimulation at an early stage on emotional reactions later on. We handled newborn foals intensively on one side of their body. This early unilateral tactile experience had medium-term effects: the reactions of foals to a human approach, when they were 10 days old, differed according to the side stimulated at birth. Fewer right-handled foals accepted contact with humans, they delayed first contact longer and they evaded approaching humans sooner than did non-handled and left-handled foals. These results raise questions concerning the organization of neonatal care in animals and humans. PMID:21084335
de Boyer des Roches, Alice; Durier, Virginie; Richard-Yris, Marie-Annick; Blois-Heulin, Catherine; Ezzaou´a, Mohammed; Hausberger, Martine; Henry, Severine
Differential outcomes of unilateral interferences at birth
Behavioural modifications, including modifications of emotional reactivity, can occur following early experience such as handling (manual rubbing). Here, we investigated the effects of unilateral tactile stimulation at an early stage on emotional reactions later on. We handled newborn foals intensively on one side of their body. This early unilateral tactile experience had medium-term effects: the reactions of foals to a human approach, when they were 10 days old, differed according to the side stimulated at birth. Fewer right-handled foals accepted contact with humans, they delayed first contact longer and they evaded approaching humans sooner than did non-handled and left-handled foals. These results raise questions concerning the organization of neonatal care in animals and humans.
de Boyer des Roches, Alice; Durier, Virginie; Richard-Yris, Marie-Annick; Blois-Heulin, Catherine; Ezzaouia, Mohammed; Hausberger, Martine; Henry, Severine
Unilateral Punctate Keratitis Secondary to Wallenberg Syndrome
We studied three patients who developed left unilateral punctate keratitis after suffering left-sided Wallenberg Syndrome. A complex evolution occurred in two of them. In all cases, neurophysiological studies showed damage in the trigeminal sensory component at the bulbar level. Corneal involvement secondary to Wallenberg syndrome is a rare cause of unilateral superficial punctate keratitis. The loss of corneal sensitivity caused by trigeminal neuropathy leads to epithelial erosions that are frequently unobserved by the patient, resulting in a high risk of corneal-ulcer development with the possibility of superinfection. Neurophysiological studies can help to locate the anatomical level of damage at the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, confirming the suspected etiology of stroke, and demonstrating that prior vascular involvement coincides with the location of trigeminal nerve damage. In some of these patients, oculofacial pain is a distinctive feature.
Boto, Ana; Del Hierro, Almudena; Capote, Maria; Noval, Susana; Garcia, Amanda; Santiago, Susana
Hip fractures are ranked among the frequent injuries. These fractures have been often coupled with high energy trauma in children and in patients with normal bone structure, low energy trauma and osteoporotic fracture (fragility fracture) is typical in elder patients. Hip fractures are divided into five groups: femoral head fracture, femoral neck fracture, pertrochanteric, intertrochateric and subtrochanteric fracture. Surgical treatment is indicated in all patients unless contraindications are present. Long bed rest has been accompanied by a high risk of development of thromboembolic disease, pneumonia and bed sore. Healing in the wrong position and nonunions are often the result of conservative treatment. Screw osteosynthesis is performed in isolated femoral head factures. Three cannulated screws or a DHS plate (dynamic hip screw) are used in fractures of the femoral neck with normal femoral head perfusion, total hip replacement is recommended in elder patients and in case of loss of blood supply of the femoral head. Pertrochanteric and intertrochanteric fractures can be stabilized by the femoral nails (PFN, PFN A, PFH - proximal femoral nail), nails are suitable for minimally invasive insertion and provide higher stability in the shaft, or plates (DHS) designed for stable pertronchanteric and intertrochanteric fractures. Subtrochanteric fractures can be fixed also intramedullary (nails - PFN long, PFN A long) and extramedullary (plates - DCS dynamic condylar screw, proximal femoral LCP - locking compression plate). Open reduction with internal plate fixation is advantageous for pathological fractures, as biopsy sampling can be performed. Hip fracture rehabilitation is integral part of the treatment, including walking on crutches or with a walker with partial weight bearing for at least six weeks. PMID:24131459
Weisovß, DrahomÝra; SalßÜek, Martin; Pavelka, TomßÜ
Motor learning after unilateral brain damage
Forty adults, post-stroke from anterior circulation unilateral cerebrovascular accident(?2 years post onset) and 40 age-matched controls (M = 57 years) practiced a rapid,spatially and temporally constrained programmed action under one of two augmented feedbackpractice conditions. Participants in the stroke group used the upper limb ipsilateral to the lesion.After an extended practice period (198 trials), acquisition, retention, and reacquisitionperformance was assessed
Carolee J. Winstein; Alma S. Merians; Katherine J. Sullivan
Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia with abdominal situs inversus.
A case of unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia in association with abdominal situs inversus (Situs Inversus Partialis) is described here in a 2-mo-old baby. The normally related heart (levocardia) is dextroposed due to the hypoplastic right lung and compensatory hyper-inflation of the opposite lung which clinically mimicked a mirror-image situs inversus totalis. Such a combination, to the best of authors' knowledge, has never been reported in the world literature. PMID:22237637
Sarkar, Sumantra; Mondal, Rakesh; Nandi, Madhumita; Das, Niloy Kumar
Unilateral coronal craniosynostosis and Down syndrome.
There is no known correlation between Down syndrome and craniosynostosis. The authors report 2 infants with trisomy 21 and right unilateral coronal craniosynostosis. Both patients were clinically asymptomatic but displayed characteristic craniofacial features associated with each disorder. One patient underwent a bilateral fronto-orbital advancement and the other underwent an endoscopically assisted strip craniectomy with postoperative helmet therapy. Both patients demonstrated good cosmesis at follow-up. PMID:24635134
Siu, Alan; Rogers, Gary F; Myseros, John S; Khalsa, Siri S; Keating, Robert F; Magge, Suresh N
Unilateral Angle II in functional lateralities
SUMMARY The aim of this study was to explore unilateral Angle II-type malocclusion prevalences in functionally true right-sided (TRS) and non-right-sided (NRS) children having one or more left-sided functions (eye, hand, foot). A half cusp sagittal relationship of the upper and lower M1 and Dm2 was determined on dental casts of 1423 young American black and white children in a
T. Heikkinen; T. Poikela; L. Alvesalo
Unilateral headache with bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia.
We describe the case of a young woman suffering from migraine. After some years, the headache started to be accompanied by internal ophthalmoplegia. Mydriasis was unilateral and after a few months became bilateral. The ophthalmoplegic migraine is a rare type of headache and it is characterized by paresis of one or more of the third, fourth or sixth cranial nerves. Migraine attacks associated with mydriasis (internal ophthalmoplegia) are extremely rare. Triptan therapy resolved mydriasis, but not the headache. PMID:22183266
Simonetto, Marco; Zanet, Luca; Capozzoli, Francesca; Gelli, Andrea; MasŔ, Giovanni
Unilateral true hypertrophy of the calf muscle
Sirs: A 47-year-old man had unilateral hypertrophy of the left calf muscle, which was first noted 4 years ago. His parents were cousins. The left calf muscle was larger than the right by 6 cm in maximum circumference. Neurological e xaminations showed absence of right ankle jerk and atrophy of the right gastrocnemius. X-rays of cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spines
S. Ono; Y. Kuroiwa; H. Miyajima; Y. Nishimura; N. Honda
Functioning unilateral adrenocortical carcinoma in a dog
An 11-year-old, 24-kg, intact female Siberian husky dog in anestrus had a 2-month history of polyuria and polydipsia. The dog had signs of mineralocorticoid excess such as hypertension and hypokalemia refractory to potassium supplementation. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an irregular mass in the left adrenal gland. The ACTH stimulation test for aldosterone concentration did not reveal hyperaldosteronism. Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed and histopathology identified adrenal cortical carcinoma. All clinical signs of mineralocorticoid excess ceased after surgery.
Gojska-Zygner, Olga; Lechowski, Roman; Zygner, Wojciech
Unilateral molar distalization with a modified slider.
Although there are numerous publications on bilateral non-compliance molar distalization appliances, there is limited information on problems such as asymmetrical unilateral Class II malocclusions. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the distalization of molars unilaterally in patients with a unilateral Class II molar relationship utilizing a Keles Slider, designed without a bite plane. Ten girls (mean age 13.94 +/- 2.13 years) and seven boys (mean age 13.12 +/- 1.51 years) comprised the study material. Following insertion of the appliance, the patients were seen monthly and the screw was reactivated every 2 months. After a super-Class I molar relationship was achieved, the appliance was removed and the molars were stabilized with a Nance appliance for 2 months before the second-phase of orthodontic treatment. The Nance appliance was maintained in the palate until the end of canine distalization. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained before and immediately after insertion of the molar distalizer. The results showed that the maxillary first molars were distalized bodily on average by 2.85 mm. The maxillary first premolars moved forward bodily 2 mm and were extruded 2.03 mm. In all, 1.32 mm of protrusion, 1.12 mm of extrusion, and 1.79 degrees of proclination of the upper incisors were observed. The mandibular incisors and mandibular molars erupted 0.83 and 0.95 mm, respectively. The unilateral Keles Slider distalized molars successfully to a Class I molar relationship. PMID:16648210
Sayinsu, Korkmaz; Isik, Fulya; Allaf, Ferdi; Arun, TŘlin
Unilateral lung hyperlucency after mediastinal irradiation
A 39-yr-old woman developed progressive exertional dyspnea 13 yr after receiving mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Chest roentgenogram showed a hyperlucent right lung. Pulmonary blood flow was markedly reduced on the right by ventilation-perfusion scanning. Pulmonary angiography showed attenuation and diffuse atrophy of the right pulmonary artery and its branches. This case represents a late and uncommon complication of mediastinal irradiation manifesting as a unilateral hyperlucent lung.
Wencel, M.L.; Sitrin, R.G.
Neuropsychological functioning in unilateral cerebellar damage.
A woman had a left superior cerebellar artery infarct associated with reduced hexamethylpropileneamine oxime uptake on SPECT scan of the basal ganglia and frontoparietal areas of the opposite hemisphere performed poorly in some neuropsychological tests indicating right hemisphere dysfunction. There was a lengthening of reaction and movement times with the hand ipsilateral to the lesion. These deficits were temporary. A unilateral cerebellar lesion can produce neuropsychological deficits, possibly because of hypoperfusion in contralateral frontoparietal regions, but spontaneous neuropsychological remissions may occur. PMID:7874621
Botez-Marquard, T; LÚveillÚ, J; Botez, M I
Unilateral hematometrocolpos associated with double uterus.
The case of twelve year old girl with double uterus, unilateral vaginal obstruction and ipsilateral renal agenesis is described. Excision of the imperforate vaginal septum resulted in drainage of the hematometrosalpingocolpos and complete disappearance of the large pelvic-abdominal mass. Such a mass in normally menstruating women may detract from the true diagnosis. Awareness of this relatively rare condition is the mainstay of prompt diagnosis which will prevent unnecessary and destructive surgery. PMID:8777781
Lang, N; Stark, H; Ohel, G
Current Concepts in the Mandibular Condyle Fracture Management Part I: Overview of Condylar Fracture
The incidence of condylar fractures is high, but the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle continues to be controversial. Historically, maxillomandibular fixation, external fixation, and surgical splints with internal fixation systems were the techniques commonly used in the treatment of the fractured mandible. Condylar fractures can be extracapsular or intracapsular, undisplaced, deviated, displaced, or dislocated. Treatment depends on the age of the patient, the co-existence of other mandibular or maxillary fractures, whether the condylar fracture is unilateral or bilateral, the level and displacement of the fracture, the state of dentition and dental occlusion, and the surgeonnds on the age of the patient, the co-existence of othefrom which it is difficult to recover aesthetically and functionally;an appropriate treatment is required to reconstruct the shape and achieve the function ofthe uninjured status. To do this, accurate diagnosis, appropriate reduction and rigid fixation, and complication prevention are required. In particular, as mandibular condyle fracture may cause long-term complications such as malocclusion, particularly open bite, reduced posterior facial height, and facial asymmetry in addition to chronic pain and mobility limitation, great caution should be taken. Accordingly, the authors review a general overview of condyle fracture.
Yang, Jung-Dug; Chung, Ho-Yun; Cho, Byung-Chae
Unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia with different clinical features.
Unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia (UCH) is a rare pathological condition characterized by the loss of volume in cerebellar hemispheres ranging from mild asymptomatic to severe symptomatic cases. As the designation of UCH remains problematic, the underlying etiopathogenesis also lacks explanation. We investigated the patients admitted to Departments of Child Neurology, Neurology, and Genetics between the years 1992 and 2010 and detected 12 patients with unilateral cerebellar volume loss, with the exclusion of all other cerebellar pathologies. The ages of patients ranged between 6 months to 55 years. Five patients had a delay in developmental milestones, and one of these was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1. Two patients had epileptic seizures, one patient had peripheral facial paralysis as a component of Moebius syndrome, and four patients were incidentally diagnosed during etiological work-up for headache. The clinical outcomes of patients varied from healthy subjects to marked developmental impairment. Radiologically, five patients had severe disproportionate UCH, six had moderate disproportionate, and one had mild proportionate UCH. Cerebellar peduncles were affected in all, and vermis was partly hypoplastic in eight patients. Brainstem was involved in four patients, and seven patients showed involvement of white matter and/or corpus callosum. Imaging features supported that patients with severe disproportionate UCH also displayed additional cerebral and commissural changes, which were related to ischemic or vascular injuries, implying a prenatally acquired disruption. In the presence of such a wide spectrum of clinical and radiological features, a prenatally acquired lesion and, thus, a disruption seem to be more explanatory rather than a primary developmental process or malformation in the etiopathogenesis of unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia. PMID:20967575
Benbir, Gulcin; Kara, Simay; Yalcinkaya, Beyza Citci; Karhkaya, Geysu; Tuysuz, Beyhan; Kocer, Naci; Yalcinkaya, Cengiz
Adult-Onset Unilateral Disabling Pansclerotic Morphea
Disabling pansclerotic morphea (DPM) is a rare, severe, and mutilating form of morphea, involving the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, fat, muscle, and even bone. It is usually seen before the age of 14 years, with the patient complaining of arthralgia and stiffness at the time of onset. We report a case of unilateral adult-onset DPM with sparing of the face. Within a few months of onset, painful contracture deformities of the hand, elbow, and shoulder joints developed, impairing the patient's normal daily activities. We are reporting this case because of the unusual presentation: DPM in an adult, with history of trauma in childhood and rapid onset of complications, is rare.
Singh, Adarshlata; Singhal, Kritika; Choudhary, Sanjiv; Bisati, Shazia; Arora, Mallika
Unilateral molar distalization: a nonextraction therapy.
In the recent years, nonextraction treatment approaches and noncompliance therapies have become more popular in the correction of space discrepancies. One of the conventional approaches for space gaining in the arches without patient compliance is done by using certain extra oral appliances or intraoral appliance. The greatest advantage of certain appliances like fixed functional and molar distalization appliances is that they minimize the dependence on patient cooperation. Molar distalization appliances like pendulum appliance which distalizes the molar rapidly without the need of head gear can be used in patients as a unilateral space gaining procedure due to buccal segment crowding. PMID:23320203
Prasad, M Bhanu; Sreevalli, S
Unilateral Molar Distalization: A Nonextraction Therapy
In the recent years, nonextraction treatment approaches and noncompliance therapies have become more popular in the correction of space discrepancies. One of the conventional approaches for space gaining in the arches without patient compliance is done by using certain extra oral appliances or intraoral appliance. The greatest advantage of certain appliances like fixed functional and molar distalization appliances is that they minimize the dependence on patient cooperation. Molar distalization appliances like pendulum appliance which distalizes the molar rapidly without the need of head gear can be used in patients as a unilateral space gaining procedure due to buccal segment crowding.
Prasad, M. Bhanu; Sreevalli, S.
Unilateral straight hair and congenital horner syndrome.
Congenital Horner syndrome is a rare disorder that accounts for less than 5% of all cases of Horner syndrome. Like Horner syndrome in general, it consists primarily of ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. Congenital Horner syndrome may manifest some special features such as iris heterochromia since the sympathetic nervous system is an essential component for the development and maintenance of eye color. We present 3 cases of unilateral straight hair in association with congenital Horner syndrome in which the patients had straight hair ipsilateral to the Horner syndrome, whereas on the contralateral side, it was curly, and we discuss possible mechanisms for this phenomenon. PMID:22622362
Wang, Frederick M; Wertenbaker, Christian; Cho, Hyung; Marmor, Maury A; Ahn-Lee, Sandra S; Bernard, Bruno A
Some remarks on unilateral matrix equations
We briefly review the results of our paper LBNL-46775: We study certain solutions of left-unilateral matrix equations. These are algebraic equations where the coefficients and the unknown are square matrices of the same order, or, more abstractly, elements of an associative, but possibly noncommutative algebra, and all coefficients are on the left. Recently such equations have appeared in a discussion of generalized Born-Infeld theories. In particular, two equations, their perturbative solutions and the relation between them are studied, applying a unified approach based on the generalized Bezout theorem for matrix polynomials.
Cerchiai, Bianca L.; Zumino, Bruno
Unilateral sudden hearing loss due to otosyphilis
The differential diagnosis of sudden hearing loss is very extensive. However, in most patients, no underlying pathology will be found and the patient is consequently diagnosed with idiopathic sudden hearing loss. Nevertheless, it is important that one stays alert in everyday routine practice to less common but potentially treatable pathology. We report a case of a 53-year old patient with sudden unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus caused by otosyphilis. Diagnosis, therapy and the incidence of (oto)syphilis are discussed. Also, as ENT-surgeons, it is important to realise that syphilis is still with us, and that its prevalence might well increase in the near future.
de Goffau, Maaike J.; Doelman, Jan C.; van Rijswijk, Jeroen B.
Carpal fractures are exceedingly rare clinical entities and are often associated with concomitant injuries. In this review, we focus on fractures of the carpus, excluding the scaphoid, and provide an update on the current consensus as to mechanism, diagnosis, management, outcomes, and complications after such injuries. PMID:24679911
Suh, Nina; Ek, Eugene T; Wolfe, Scott W
Efficacy analysis of pedicle screw internal fixation of fractured vertebrae in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures
The present study aimed to discuss the method and effect of posterior internal fixation of thoracolumbar fractures strengthened by the vertical stress pedicle screw fixation of fractured vertebrae. Patients with single thoracolumbar fractures were examined retrospectively. Fourteen patients (group A) had been treated with vertical stress pedicle screw fixation of a fractured vertebra and sixteen patients (group B) received traditional double-plate fixation, as a control. All patients were diagnosed with fresh fractures with a complete unilateral or bilateral pedicle and no explosion of the inferior half of the vertebral body or inferior endplate. In group A, patients received conventional posterior distraction and lumbar lordosis restoration, as well as pedicle screws in the fractured vertebra in a vertical direction to relieve stress to achieve a local stress balance. All patients were followed up postoperatively for 4ľ18 months (average, 12.6 months). The vertical stress pedicle screw fixation assisted in the reduction of vertebrae fracture, which reduced the postoperative Cobbĺs angle loss. There was a significant difference in the change of Cobbĺs angle between the two groups one year after surgery (P<0.01). Conditional application of pedicle screws in a single thoracolumbar fracture enhances the stability of the internal fixation system and is conducive to the correction of kyphosis and maintenance of the corrective effects.
Clinical verification of a unilateral otolith test
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
In a previous study 13 we reported promising results for a new test to differentiate in vivo unilateral otolith functions. That study pointed to a need for further validation on known pathological cases. In this presentation we will detail the results gathered on a group of clinically verified vestibular defectives (verum) and a normal (control) group. The subjects in the verum group were former patients of the ENT clinic of the university hospital. These subjects had usually suffered from neurinoma of the VIIth cranial nerve or inner ear infections. All had required surgical intervention including removal of the vestibular system. The patients were contacted usually two or more years postoperatively. A group of students from the pre- and clinical phase of medical training served as control. Both groups were subjected to standardized clinical tests. These tests served to reconfirm the intra- or postoperative diagnosis of unilateral vestibular loss in the verum group. In the control group they had to establish the normalcy of the responses of the vestibular system. Both groups then underwent testing on our exccentric rotary chair in the manner described before 13. Preliminary results of the trials indicate that this test may indeed for the first time offer a chance to look at isolated otolith apparati in vivo.
Wetzig, J.; Hofstetter-Degen, K.; Maurer, J.; von Baumgarten, R. J.
Unilateral amblyopia: Optical coherence tomography findings
Purpose This study was performed to measure the macular and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with unilateral amblyopia. Methods Measurement of the Retinal nerve fiber layer and Macular Retinal Layer thickness for both amblyopic and normal fellow eyes by (OCT) was carried out at king Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results Ninety-three patients with unilateral amblyopia between the ages of 5áyears and 12áyears were included. The macular retinal thickness and the RNFL thickness were measured using OCT. The mean macular retinal thickness was 259.3á?m and 255.6á?m, and the mean RNFL thickness was 112.16á?m and 106á?m, in the amblyopic eye and the normal eye, respectively. OCT assessment of RNFL thickness revealed a significantly thicker RNFL in amblyopic eye (Pá<á0.0001), but no statistically significant difference was found in macular retinal thickness (Pá=á0.195). Conclusion The amblyopic process may involve the RNFL, but not the macula. However, further evaluation is needed.
Alotaibi, Abdullah G.; Al Enazi, Badriah
Eyebrow ptosis after blowout fracture indicates impairment of trigeminal proprioceptive evocation that induces reflex contraction of the frontalis muscle.
Objective: The mixed levator and frontalis muscles lack the interior muscle spindles normally required to induce involuntary contraction of their slow-twitch fibers. To involuntarily move the eyelid and eyebrow, voluntary contraction of the levator nonskeletal fast-twitch muscle fibers stretches the mechanoreceptors in MŘller's muscle to evoke trigeminal proprioception, which then induces reflex contraction of the levator and frontalis skeletal slow-twitch muscle fibers. The trigeminal proprioceptive nerve has a long intraorbital course from the mechanoreceptors in MŘller's muscle to the superior orbital fissure. Since external force to the globe may cause impairment of trigeminal proprioceptive evocation, we confirmed how unilateral blowout fracture due to a hydraulic mechanism affects ipsilateral eyebrow movement as compared with unilateral zygomatic fracture. Methods: In 16 unilateral blowout fracture patients, eyebrow heights were measured on noninjured and injured sides in primary and 60░ upward gaze and statistically compared. Eyebrow heights were also measured in primary gaze in 24 unilateral zygomatic fracture patients and statistically compared. Results: In the blowout fracture patients, eyebrow heights on the injured side were significantly smaller than on the noninjured side in both gaze. In the zygomatic fracture patients, eyebrow heights on the injured side were significantly larger than on the noninjured side in primary gaze. Conclusion: Since 60░ upward gaze did not recover the eyebrow ptosis observed in primary gaze in blowout fracture patients, such ptosis indicated impairment of trigeminal proprioceptive evocation and the presence of a hydraulic mechanism that may require ophthalmic examination. PMID:23814636
Ban, Ryokuya; Matsuo, Kiyoshi; Ban, Midori; Yuzuriha, Shunsuke
Unilateral spatial neglect following right inferior parietal cortectomy
Research in brain-damaged patients has suggested that the right hemisphere plays a role in unilateral spatial neglect (USN), but provides only limited information for pinpointing the intraparietal localization of the lesions associated with this syndrome. We report a case of unilateral neglect in a patient who underwent a right inferior parietal cortectomy for refractory epilepsy without any macroscopic lesion. We
C. Hommet; F. Bardet; B. de Toffol; D. Perrier; A. Biraben; J. P. Vignal; J. M. Scarabin; M. Corbineau; P. Chauvel
Quadratic finite element methods for unilateral contact problems
The present paper is concerned with the frictionless unilateral contact problem between two elastic bodies in a bidimensional context. We consider a mixed formulation in which the unknowns are the displacement field and the contact pressure. We introduce a finite element method using quadratic elements and continuous piecewise quadratic multipliers on the contact zone. The discrete unilateral non-interpenetration condition is
Patrick Hild; Patrick Laborde
Stereopsis and binocular vision after surgery for unilateral infantile cataract
Purpose: To assess the prevalence and level of binocular function in children with unilateral congenital or very early infantile cataract. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients with unilateral congenital or very early infantile cataract who underwent operation before 4 months of age, at the W. K. Kellogg Eye Center\\/University of Michigan Hospitals, from 1985 to 1995. Amblyopia
Sandra M. Brown; Steven Archer; Monte A. Del Monte
Fractures of the articular processes of the cervical spine
Fractures of the articular processes occurred in 16 (20.8%) of 77 patients with cervical spine fractures as demonstrated by multidirectional tomography. Plain films demonstrated the fractures in only two patients. Acute cervical radiculopathy occurred in five of the patients with articular process fractures (superior process, two cases; inferior process, three cases). Persistent neck pain occurred in one other patient without radiculopathy. Three patients suffered spinal cord damage at the time of injury, which was not the result of the articular process fracture itself. In the other seven cases, no definite sequelae occurred. However, disruption of the facet joint may predispose to early degenerative joint disease and chronic pain; unilateral or bilateral facet dislocation was present in five patients. In patients with cervical trauma who develop cervical radiculopathy, tomography should be performed to evaluate the articular processes.
Woodring, J.H.; Goldstein, S.J.
Unilateral retinitis pigmentosa: a proposal of genetic pathogenic mechanisms
Purpose To investigate and integrate anatomic and physiologic findings from a group of patients who present retinitis pigmentosa affecting just one eye and use this information to propose mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study examined 5 patients, all female, from 8 to 60 years old. The study was conducted in 4 university hospitals. The patients were selected according to the characteristics of ocular involvement, notably unilateral presentation of similar anatomic and functional abnormalities. Full-field electroretinogram, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, infrared imaging, optical coherence tomography, and genetic testing were performed. Results Full-field electroretinogram showed unilateral decrease in amplitude and increase in implicit time; autofluorescence showed unilateral areas of decreased intensity. The USH2AW4149R mutation was confirmed in one patient. Conclusions Imaging and functional testing are important in elucidating the unilateral pattern of the disease and in monitoring these individuals. Mosaicism or somatic mutation may cause unilateral genetic disease presentation.
Marsiglia, Marcela; Duncker, Tobias; Peiretti, Enrico; Brodie, Scott E.; Tsang, Stephen H.
... where the tibia, ? bula, and talus meet Ľ Syndesmosis joint - the joint between the tibia and ? ... for each individual fracture. Treatment: Syndesmotic Injury The syndesmosis joint is located between the tibia and ? ...
... to hold the fracture in the correct position. Ľ Fiberglass casting is lighter and stronger and the exterior ... with your physician if this occurs. Ľ When a fiberglass cast is used in conjunction with a GORE- ...
Evaluation of unilateral cage-instrumented fixation for lumbar spine
Background To investigate how unilateral cage-instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) affects the three-dimensional flexibility in degenerative disc disease by comparing the biomechanical characteristics of unilateral and bilateral cage-instrumented PLIF. Methods Twelve motion segments in sheep lumbar spine specimens were tested for flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending by nondestructive flexibility test method using a nonconstrained testing apparatus. The specimens were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 received unilateral procedures while group 2 received bilateral procedures. Laminectomy, facectomy, discectomy, cage insertion and transpedicle screw insertion were performed sequentially after testing the intact status. Changes in range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) were compared between unilateral and bilateral cage-instrumented PLIF. Results Both ROM and NZ, unilateral cage-instrumented PLIF and bilateral cage-instrumented PLIF, transpedicle screw insertion procedure did not revealed a significant difference between flexion-extension, lateral bending and axial rotation direction except the ROM in the axial rotation. The bilateral group's ROM (-1.7 ▒ 0. 8) of axial rotation was decreased significantly after transpedicle screw insertion procedure in comparison with the unilateral group (-0.2 ▒ 0.1). In the unilateral cage-instrumented PLIF group, the transpedicle screw insertion procedure did not demonstrate a significant difference between right and left side in the lateral bending and axial rotation direction. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, unilateral cage-instrumented PLIF and bilateral cage-instrumented PLIF have similar stability after transpedicle screw fixation in the sheep spine model. The unilateral approach can substantially reduce exposure requirements. It also offers the biomechanics advantage of construction using anterior column support combined with pedicle screws just as the bilateral cage-instrumented group. The unpleasant effect of couple motion resulting from inherent asymmetry was absent in the unilateral group.
\\u000a Rib fractures are recognized as strong indicators of nonaccidental injury in infants and children and are more prevalent than\\u000a any other type of skeletal injury in cases classified as child abuse [1ľ13]. They remain strong indicators of nonaccidental\\u000a injury in older şchildren (>18 months) when other types of fractures become more prevalent with accidental injury [1]. Several\\u000a researchers have found
Jennifer C. Love; Sharon M. Derrick; Jason M. Wiersema
[Unilateral blindness following intranasal aethoxysklerol injection].
In spite of extensive experience based on animal experiments and human treatment, a unilateral, irreversible amaurosis occurred in one case of paravascular sclerotherapy of epistaxis with Aethoxysklerol. The strict submucosal application of Aethoxysklerol does not cause a mural thrombosis but leads to narrowing of the vessels (e.g., in the region of the Locus Kiesselbachii) due to gradual subepithelial sclerosis of the mesenchymal tissue. Temporary or permanent amaurosis has also been described in cases of injection of local anesthetics or glucocorticoid crystalline suspensions in the facial and neck region. From the pathophysiological point of view, allergic reactions, neuroreflex vascular spasm, or micro embolism of the central retinal artery have to be considered. The incident on which this paper is based led to a liability lawsuit. Judgement was given against the attending doctor because of severe bodily injury. PMID:6885527
Uffenorde, J; Georgi, W
Unilateral muscle contractions enhance creative thinking.
Following the notion of relative importance of the right hemisphere (RH) in creative thinking, we explored the possibility of enhancing creative problem solving by artificially activating the RH ahead of time using unilateral hand contractions. Participants attempted to complete the Remote Associates Test after squeezing a ball with either their left or right hand. As predicted, participants who contracted their left hand (thus activating the RH) achieved higher scores than those who used their right hand and those who did not contract either hand. Our findings indicate that tilting the hemispheric balance toward the processing mode of one hemisphere by motor activation can greatly influence the outcome of thought processes. Regardless of the specific mechanism involved, this technique has the potential for acting as a therapeutic or remedial manipulation and could have wide applications in aiding individuals with language impairments or other disorders that are believed to be related to hemispheric imbalances. PMID:21169586
Goldstein, Abraham; Revivo, Ketty; Kreitler, Michal; Metuki, Nili
Isolated unilateral idiopathic transient hypoglossal nerve palsy.
A 52-year-old Caucasian man presented with sudden onset of difficulty in moving his tongue to the left with preceding left-sided headache with no neck pain. Earlier, he had self-limiting chest infection without rashes or tonsillar enlargement. His medical and surgical history was unremarkable with no recent trauma. Oral examination revealed difficulty in protruding his tongue to the left with muscle bulk loss and fasciculation on the same side, suggesting left hypoglossal nerve palsy. Examination of the rest of the cranial nerves and nervous system was normal. The patient's oropharyngeal and laryngeal examination was unremarkable with no cervical lymphadenopathy. He had normal laboratory investigations and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Extensive imaging of the head, neck and chest failed to reveal any pathology. Further review by an otorhinologist and rheumatologist ruled out any other underlying pathology. He made a good recovery without treatment. English literature search revealed very few cases of idiopathic, transient, unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy. PMID:24969070
Ahmed, Syed Viqar; Akram, Muhammad Saqub
Unilateral primary lung hypoplasia diagnosed in adulthood.
Unilateral primary pulmonary hypoplasia is rare in adulthood. It is usually present in the neonatal period or in early childhood, and is characterized by a decreased number of bronchial segments and decreased/absent alveolar air space. Most patients have recurrent episodes of wheezing or pneumonia and severe respiratory distress leading to chronic respiratory failure, whereas some patients may occasionally be asymptomatic. Herein, we present a case of left lung hypoplasia in an asymptomatic 28-year-old male, who was admitted to the hospital for further investigation of an abnormal result on a chest radiograph that was obtained as part of a health evaluation for military service. A thorough workup, including imaging modalities and bronchoscopy, disclosed a hypoplastic left lung, which had gone undiagnosed for 25 years. Embryological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects are briefly discussed. PMID:24026186
Katsenos, Stamatis; Antonogiannaki, Elvira-Markela; Tsintiris, Konstantinos
Unilateral hydroureteronephrosis after a mesh procedure.
Synthetic mesh has become a popular treatment of pelvic floor relaxation and pelvic organ prolapse, with low complication rates. We describe the case of a woman with unilateral hydroureteronephrosis after a mesh procedure (Gynecare Prolift; Ethicon Women's Health & Urology, Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, New Jersey) successfully treated by neoureterocystostomy. A 39-year-old woman with pelvic organ prolapse underwent the mesh procedure. Two months later, she had left flank pain, and hydroureteronephrosis was diagnosed on the same side despite cystoscopic confirmation of ureteral passage at the first operation. The arm of the mesh was removed surgically, and neoureterocystostomy was performed successfully. Mesh surgery is not without serious complications, and surgeons should bear in mind the possible complications associated with this surgical procedure. PMID:20226414
Karateke, Ates; Cam, Cetin; Ayaz, Reyhan
Generalization of visuomotor learning between bilateral and unilateral conditions.
A long history of behavioral and physiological research has suggested that bilateral coordination invokes unique neural processes that are not involved in unilateral movements. This hypothesis predicts that motor learning should show limited transfer between unilateral and bilateral conditions, which is consistent with a recent finding that indicated partial, but not complete, transfer of learning between the two conditions. However, during learning of new motor skills, transformations must also be made between visual and proprioceptive coordinate systems, a process that may occur upstream to the processes that differentiate bilateral from unilateral movements. We now investigate whether visuomotor adaptations are shared between unilateral and bilateral movement conditions. Our results indicate substantial transfer from bilateral to subsequent unilateral conditions for both arms. Interestingly, whereas the nondominant arm never showed complete adaptation to visual rotation under bilateral conditions, this interference, or lack of improvement, in bilateral performance did not disturb the visuomotor adaptation process or transfer, as reflected by superb unilateral performances immediately following the bilateral conditions. These findings unambiguously indicate that visuomotor adaptation can extensively generalize between bilateral and unilateral conditions, thus suggesting a substantial overlap in the neural processes underlying visuomotor transformations between the two movement conditions. Our findings provide support for a two-stage model of motor planning, in which the visuomotor transformation process precedes the processes that convert the visuomotor plan into effector-specific commands that incorporate bilateral synergies and that result in the forces that determine motion. PMID:19759325
Wang, Jinsung; Sainburg, Robert L
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion via a Unilateral Approach
This study sought to determine the outcomes of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), via a unilateral approach, in selected patients who presented with unilateral leg pain and segmental instability of the lumbar spine. Patients with a single level of a herniated disc disease in the lumbar spine, unilateral leg pain, chronic disabling lower back pain (LBP), and a failed conservative treatment, were considered for the procedure. A total of 41 patients underwent a single-level PLIF using two PEEKÖ (Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone) cages filled with iliac bone, via a unilateral approach. The patients comprised 21 women and 20 men with a mean age of 41 years (range: 22 to 63 years). Two cages were inserted using a unilateral medial facetectomy and a partial hemilaminectomy. At follow-up, the outcomes were assessed using the Prolo Scale. The success of the fusion was determined by dynamic lumbar radiography and/or computerized tomography scanning. All the patients safely underwent surgery without severe complications. During a mean follow-up period of 26 months, 1 patient underwent percutaneous pedicle screw fixation due to persistent LBP. A posterior displacement of the cage was found in one patient. At the last follow up, 90% of the patients demonstrated satisfactory results. An osseous fusion was present in 85% of the patients. A PLIF, via a unilateral approach, enables a solid union with satisfactory clinical results. This preserves part of the posterior elements of the lumbar spine in selected patients with single level instability and unilateral leg pain.
Shin, Hyun Chul; Yi, Seong; Kim, Sang Hyun; Yoon, Do Heum
Unilateral Auditory Neuropathy Caused by Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
Objective. To explore possible corelationship between the cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) and unilateral auditory neuropathy (AN). Methods. From a database of 85 patients with unilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, eight who presented with evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) or cochlear microphonic (CM) in the affected ear were diagnosed with unilateral AN. Audiological and radiological records in eight patients with unilateral AN were retrospectively reviewed. Results. Eight cases were diagnosed as having unilateral AN caused by CND. Seven had type ôAö tympanogram with normal EOAE in both ears. The other patient had unilateral type ôBö tympanogram and absent OAE but CM recorded, consistent with middle ear effusion in the affected ear. For all the ears involved in the study, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were either absent or responded to the maximum output and the neural responses from the cochlea were not revealed when viewed by means of the oblique sagittal MRI on the internal auditory canal. Conclusion. Cochlear nerve deficiency can be seen by electrophysiological evidence and may be a significant cause of unilateral AN. Inclined sagittal MRI of the internal auditory canal is recommended for the diagnosis of this disorder.
Liu, Cheng; Bu, Xingkuan; Wu, Feiyun; Xing, Guangqian
This book contains papers on hydraulic fracturing. Topics covered include: An overview of recent advances in hydraulic fracturing technology; Containment of massive hydraulic fracture; and Fracturing with a high-strength proppant.
Not Available
Ophthalmoplegic migraine with alternating unilateral and bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia.
We describe a patient with ophthalmoplegic migraine and internal ophthalmoplegia with alternating unilateral involvement and bilateral involvement in whom brain MRI scan showed alternating gadolinium enhancement on the cisternal portion of the oculomotor nerve. PMID:17501857
Choi, Jeong-Yoon; Jang, Sang Hyun; Park, Moon Ho; Kim, Byung Jo; Lee, Dae Hie
Unilateral Hemiparesis with Thoracic Epidural in an Adolescent
Objective. Unilateral sensory and motor blockade is known to occur with epidural anesthesia but is rarely reported in children. The differential diagnosis should include the presence of a midline epidural septum. Case Report. We describe a case of a 16-year-old adolescent who developed repeated complete unilateral extensive epidural sensory and motor blockade with Horner's syndrome after thoracic epidural catheter placement. This unusual presentation of complete hemibody neural blockade has not been reported in the pediatric population. Maneuvers to improve contralateral uniform neural blockade were unsuccessful. An epidurogram was performed to ascertain the correct location of the catheter within the epidural space and presence of sagittal compartmentalization. Conclusion. This case report highlights a less frequently reported reason for unilateral sensory and motor blockade with epidural anesthesia in children. The presence of a midline epidural septum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral epidural blockade.
Tassone, Rosalie F.; Seefelder, Christian; Sethna, Navil F.
Kinetic asymmetry in female runners with and without retrospective tibial stress fractures
Gait asymmetry may be linked to the tendency for runners to sustain chronic overuse injuries. This paper compares gait asymmetry in female runners who have never sustained a running-related injury to those who have sustained unilateral tibial stress fractures. The symmetry index was used to characterize asymmetry in the kinetics of both subject groups. There were three aims to this
Rebecca Avrin Zifchock; Irene Davis; Joseph Hamill
Unilateral adrenal hemorrhage after total knee arthroplasty.
Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a rare but serious condition that is often diagnosed at autopsy. Unilateral adrenal hemorrhage (UAH) in adults is extremely rare and is often due to trauma or anticoagulation or is associated with systemic illness. The case of a 73-year-old man who was diagnosed with UAH several days after an elective total knee replacement is presented. The patient had an uncomplicated procedure and he was treated postoperatively with a prophylactic dose of subcutaneous low-molecular- weight heparin and compression sleeves. On postoperative day 8, he reported sustained epigastric and midback pain at the lower thoracic level. He had a temperature of 38.5░C. On clinical examination, the patient expressed only mild tenderness at the lumbar area. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan were inconclusive. On postoperative day 13, the patient experienced no pain but remained febrile. An abdominal CT scan revealed a high-density mass on the left adrenal gland suggestive of hemorrhage. The subcutaneous heparin as well as the antimicrobial therapy was discontinued and a serum cortisol examination was done. Serum levels were within normal values in the evening and the morning. On postoperative day 16, all laboratory values returned to normal and the patient was discharged in excellent condition. Patients who have abdominal pain, hypotension, or both soon after initiation of anticoagulation or patients who experience abdominal pain, fever, nausea, or confusion postoperatively should be screened for AH. PMID:24810831
Chronopoulos, Efstathios; Nikolaou, Vassilios S; Masgala, Aikaterini; Kaspiris, Angelos; Babis, Georgios C
Congenital unilateral hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris.
Objectives. Asymmetric facial appearance may originate from abnormalities of facial musculature or facial innervation. We describe clinical features of congenital hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris muscle in a child. Material and Methods. Chart of a 10-month-old female referred to a tertiary care pediatric hospital for assessment of facial paralysis was reviewed. Data included relevant history and physical examination, diagnostic work up, and management. Results. The child presented with asymmetric movement of lower lip since birth. Asymmetry of lower lip was more pronounced when she smiled and cried. Rest of the face movement was symmetric. On examination, the face appeared symmetric at rest. The child had inward deviation of right lower lip when she smiled. Facial nerve function, as determined by frowning/forehead, wrinkling, eye closure, nasolabial fold depth, and tearing, was symmetric. Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bones and internal auditory canals were within normal limits. Echocardiogram did not show cardiac abnormality. Auditory brainstem response showed no abnormality. Conclusions. Congenital hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris is a rare anomaly that causes asymmetric crying face. Pediatricians and otolaryngologists need to be cognizant of cardiac, head and neck, and central nervous system anomalies associated with congenital unilateral hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris. PMID:23024875
Ulualp, Seckin O; Deskin, Ronald
Unilateral cryptorchidism in mice mutant for Ptgds.
The pathophysiology of cryptorchidism, abnormal testicular descent, remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that both heterozygous and homozygous mice deficient for lipocalin-type prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2) ) synthase (Ptgds) presented unilateral cryptorchidism affecting the second phase of testicular descent in 16% and 24% of cases, respectively. The adult cryptorchid testes show an increase in spermatogonia apoptosis along with a global decrease in the tubule size parameters, whereas the gubernaculum of newborn mutants present some histological abnormalities. Disruption of the inguinoscrotal phase did not present impairment of the androgen pathway but rather a decrease in Rxfp2 mRNA expression in the gubernaculum. These observations led us to investigate the role of the PGD(2) signaling pathway in human testicular migration through PTGDS sequencing of DNA from 29 children with cryptorchidism. However, none of the investigated cases presented mutations in the PTGDS gene. Nevertheless, our results identify the PTGDS enzyme as a novel component in the cryptorchidism puzzle. PMID:23076868
Philibert, Pascal; Boizet-Bonhoure, Brigitte; Bashamboo, Anu; Paris, Franšoise; Aritake, Kosuke; Urade, Yoshihiro; Leger, Juliane; Sultan, Charles; Poulat, Francis
The effects of plyometric exercise on unilateral balance performance
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of plyometric exercise on unilateral balance performance. Nine healthy adults performed baseline measurements on the dominant limb that consisted of: a 20-s unilateral stability test on a tilt balance board, where a higher stability index represented deterioration in balance performance; isokinetic plantar flexion torque at 0.52 and 3.14 radáĚás; muscle
Craig Twist; Nigel Gleeson; Roger Eston
Nephron sparing surgery for unilateral non-syndromic wilms tumor.
The initial therapy for most children with Wilms tumor is radical nephrectomy. Several centers, have explored the role of Nephron-sparing procedures in children with unilateral non-syndromic Wilms tumors. The primary motivation for this approach is concern about late occurrence of renal dysfunction after unilateral nephrectomy. We report our experience with NSS for unilateral non-syndromic Wilms tumor. We reviewed the records of nine children who underwent nephron sparing surgery for unilateral, nonsyndromic Wilms tumors at our Hospital between Jan 2000 through Jan 2012. All patients received preoperative chemotherapy with two drugs (vincristine, and dactinomycin) following which patients underwent tumor resection. Subsequent renal function was assessed by estimating the glomerular filtration rate using creatinine clearance and other measures of long-term renal function assessment included blood pressure evaluation and the need for antihypertensive medications. During the study period nine children with a mean age 19.66?▒?14.37ámonths at diagnosis and presenting with unilateral non-syndromic Wilms tumor underwent nephron sparing surgery. In all the nine children, the renal plane of resection showed a tumor-free margin. Post-operative serum creatinine repeated at the end of 3 months revealed maintenance of good renal function in all children. Nephron sparing surgery is a safe and effective option in the management of early stage unilateral non-syndromic Wilms tumor. It is oncologically safe and does not lead to decreased local tumor control. The function of the kidney remnant remains rather well. PMID:24669161
Nerli, R B; Pujar, V C; Hiremath, M B; Jali, S M; Joshi, S S; Hiremath, S C; Guntaka, A K
Comparative Study of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion via Unilateral and Bilateral Approaches in Patients with Unilateral Leg Symptoms
Objective We investigated the clinical and radiological advantages of unilateral laminectomy in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) procedure comparing with bilateral laminectomy, under the same procedural condition including bilateral instrumentation and insertion of two cages, in patients with degenerative lumbar disease with unilateral leg symptoms. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 124 consecutive cases of PLIF via unilateral or bilateral approach between January 2006 and April 2010. In 80 cases (bilateral group), two cages were inserted via bilateral laminectomy, and in 44 cases (unilateral group), via unilateral laminectomy. The average follow-up duration was 29.5 months. The clinical outcomes were evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI). The fusion rates and disc space heights were determined by dynamic standing radiographs and/or computed tomography. Operative times, intra-operative and post-operative blood losses and hospitalization periods were also evaluated. Results In clinical evaluation, the VAS and ODI scores showed excellent outcomes in both groups. There were no significant differences in term of fusion rate, but the perioperative blood loss and the operative time of the unilateral group were lower than that of the bilateral group. Conclusion Unilateral laminectomy can minimize the operative time and perioperative blood loss in PLIF procedure. However, the different preoperative disc height between two groups is a limitation of this study. Despite this limitation, solid fusion and satisfactory symptomatic improvement could be achieved uniquely by our surgical method. This surgical method can be an alternative surgical technique in patients with unilateral leg pain.
Lee, Jong-Won; Kwon, Ki-Young; Rhee, Jong-Joo; Hur, Jin-Woo; Lee, Hyun-Koo
[Fracture of macroporous hydroxyapatite prosthesis].
Different prosthesis implants are offered to perform a cranioplasty after a decompressive craniectomy when autologous bone graft cannot be used. The authors report the case of a 25-year-old man who benefited a unilateral decompressive craniectomy after a severe head trauma. Seven months later, a cranioplasty using custom macroporous hydroxyapatite prosthesis was performed. The postoperative course was marked by a generalized seizure leading to a traumatic head injury. The CT-scan showed a comminutive fracture of the prosthesis and an extradural hematoma. The patient underwent a removal of the fractured prosthesis and an evacuation of the extradural clot. The postoperative course was uneventful with a Glasgow outcome scale score at 5. A second cranioplasty using a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) implant was performed. Among cranioplasty prosthesis solutions, hydroxyapatite implants seem to have similar property to the bone. However, its weak mechanic resistance is an actual problem in patients susceptible to present generalized seizures with consecutive head impact. Hence, in patients with decompressive craniectomy who are exposed to potential brain injury, we favor the use of more resistant implant as PEEK prosthesis. PMID:22898300
Adetchessi, A T; Pech-Gourg, G; Metellus, P; Fuentes, S
Analysis of patterns and treatment strategies for mandibular condyle fractures: review of 175 condyle fractures with review of literature.
This study aims to evaluate incidence, patterns and epidemiology of mandibular condylar fractures (MCF) to propose a treatment strategy for managing MCF and analyze the factors which influence the outcome. One hundred and seventy-five MCF's were evaluated over a four year period and their pattern was recorded in terms of displacement, level of fracture, age of incidence and dental occlusion. Of the 2,718 facial bone fractures, MCF incidence was the third most common at 18.39á%. Of 175 MCF 58.8á% were unilateral and 41.12á% were bilateral. 67á% of bilateral fractures and 43.8á% of unilateral fractures were associated with midline symphysis and contralateral parasymphysis fractures respectively. Most of the MCF was seen in the age group of above 16áyears and 50á% of them were at subcondylar level (below the neck of the condyle). Majority of MCF sustained due to inter personal violence were undisplaced (72.7á%) and contrary to this majority of MCF sustained during road traffic accident were displaced. 62.9á% of total fractures required open reduction and rigid fixation and 37.1á% were managed with closed reduction. 80á% of MCF managed with closed reduction were in the age group of below 16áyears. From this study it can be concluded that the treatment algorithm proposed for managing MCF is reliable and easy to adopt. We observed that absolute indication for open reduction of MCF is inability to achieve satisfactory occlusion by closed method and absolute contraindication for open reduction is condylar head fracture irrespective of the age of the patient. PMID:24431859
Reddy, N Viveka V; Reddy, P Bhaskar; Rajan, Ritesh; Ganti, Srinivas; Jhawar, D K; Potturi, Abhinand; Pradeep
Bilateral versus unilateral thyroid eye disease
Aims: The aim of this study was to compare demographics, clinical manifestations, associated systemic and ocular factors, severity and activity of patients with unilateral thyroid eye disease (U-TED) versus bilateral thyroid eye disease (B-TED). Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, all patients with Gravesĺ hyperthyroidism and primary hypothyroidism seen in an endocrinology clinic were included from September 2003 to July 2006. Demographics, complete eye examination, severity score (NOSPECS, total eye score), and clinical activity score were recorded and compared in the B-TED and U-TED groups of patients. Results: From 851 patients with thyroid disorders, 303 (35.6%) had TED. Thirty-two patients (32/ 303, 10.56%) were found to have U-TED. Patients with U-TED (mean age 31.6 ▒ 11.6 years) were significantly younger than patients with B-TED (mean age 37.7 ▒ 14.7 years). Monovariate analysis (Chi-square and independent sample t-test) showed a significantly higher severity score in B-TED (U-TED 4.09▒4.05, B-TED: 6.7▒6.3; P= 0.002) and more activity score in B-TED (U-TED= 1.03▒0.96, B-TED: 1.74▒1.6, P= 0.001). However, multivariate analysis did not show any significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, type of thyroid disease, duration of thyroid disease and TED, severity and activity of TED, smoking habit, and presentation of TED before or after the presentation of thyroid disease (0.1
Kashkouli, Mohsen Bahmani; Kaghazkanani, Reza; Heidari, Iraj; Ketabi, Nooshin; Jam, Sara; Azarnia, Shahrzad; Pakdel, Farzad
Postural compensation for unilateral vestibular loss.
Postural control of upright stance was investigated in well-compensated, unilateral vestibular loss (UVL) subjects compared to age-matched control subjects. The goal was to determine how sensory weighting for postural control in UVL subjects differed from control subjects, and how sensory weighting related to UVL subjects' functional compensation, as assessed by standardized balance and dizziness questionnaires. Postural control mechanisms were identified using a model-based interpretation of medial-lateral center-of-mass body-sway evoked by support-surface rotational stimuli during eyes-closed stance. The surface-tilt stimuli consisted of continuous pseudorandom rotations presented at four different amplitudes. Parameters of a feedback control model were obtained that accounted for each subject's sway response to the surface-tilt stimuli. Sensory weighting factors quantified the relative contributions to stance control of vestibular sensory information, signaling body-sway relative to earth-vertical, and proprioceptive information, signaling body-sway relative to the surface. Results showed that UVL subjects made significantly greater use of proprioceptive, and therefore less use of vestibular, orientation information on all tests. There was relatively little overlap in the distributions of sensory weights measured in UVL and control subjects, although UVL subjects varied widely in the amount they could use their remaining vestibular function. Increased reliance on proprioceptive information by UVL subjects was associated with their balance being more disturbed by the surface-tilt perturbations than control subjects, thus indicating a deficiency of balance control even in well-compensated UVL subjects. Furthermore, there was some tendency for UVL subjects who were less able to utilize remaining vestibular information to also indicate worse functional compensation on questionnaires. PMID:21922014
Peterka, Robert J; Statler, Kennyn D; Wrisley, Diane M; Horak, Fay B
Postural Compensation for Unilateral Vestibular Loss
Postural control of upright stance was investigated in well-compensated, unilateral vestibular loss (UVL) subjects compared to age-matched control subjects. The goal was to determine how sensory weighting for postural control in UVL subjects differed from control subjects, and how sensory weighting related to UVL subjectsĺ functional compensation, as assessed by standardized balance and dizziness questionnaires. Postural control mechanisms were identified using a model-based interpretation of medialľlateral center-of-mass body-sway evoked by support-surface rotational stimuli during eyes-closed stance. The surface-tilt stimuli consisted of continuous pseudorandom rotations presented at four different amplitudes. Parameters of a feedback control model were obtained that accounted for each subjectĺs sway response to the surface-tilt stimuli. Sensory weighting factors quantified the relative contributions to stance control of vestibular sensory information, signaling body-sway relative to earth-vertical, and proprioceptive information, signaling body-sway relative to the surface. Results showed that UVL subjects made significantly greater use of proprioceptive, and therefore less use of vestibular, orientation information on all tests. There was relatively little overlap in the distributions of sensory weights measured in UVL and control subjects, although UVL subjects varied widely in the amount they could use their remaining vestibular function. Increased reliance on proprioceptive information by UVL subjects was associated with their balance being more disturbed by the surface-tilt perturbations than control subjects, thus indicating a deficiency of balance control even in well-compensated UVL subjects. Furthermore, there was some tendency for UVL subjects who were less able to utilize remaining vestibular information to also indicate worse functional compensation on questionnaires.
Peterka, Robert J.; Statler, Kennyn D.; Wrisley, Diane M.; Horak, Fay B.
[Unilateral choreic movements in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism].
We report a patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism associated with unilateral calcification of the basal ganglia and contralateral choreic movements. A 66-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of involuntary movements of the left limbs. Two years before the present admission, she had operations for bilateral cataracts. Eight months before admission, she had an onset of severe carpal spasms and pain in both arms and legs. These symptoms improved after one month's rest in a hospital. About a month before admission, she noted progressive difficulty in using her left hand, followed by difficulty in walking due to the abnormal involuntary movement of the left lower limb. Two weeks before admission her carpal spasms appeared again, bilaterally. On admission, she was alert. The general physical examination was normal. Neurological examination revealed choreic movements in the left hand, arm, leg and neck, and grimacing of the left face. She also complained of the spasms and pain in her hands, dysarthria and shortness of the breath. Chvostek and Trousseau signs were positive. Laboratory examination revealed marked decrease in serum calcium level (2.57 mEq/ml) and increase in inorganic phosphorus level (6.40 mEq/ml). Serum level of parathyroid hormone was less than 10 pg/ml. Ellthworth-Howard test was positive, in that the infusion of parathyroid hormone (100 u) elicited a marked increment of the urinary excretions of phosphorus and cAMP. X-ray examination of the spine revealed ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical region. CT-scans of the brain revealed calcification in the region of right globus pallidus and putamen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:1520567
Kashihara, K; Yabuki, S
Introduction Between 12% and 37% of people will die in the year after a hip fracture, and 10% to 20% of survivors will move into a more dependent residence. Methods and outcomes We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of surgical interventions in people with hip fracture? What are the effects of perisurgical medical interventions on surgical outcome and prevention of complications in people with hip fracture? What are the effects of rehabilitation interventions and programmes after hip fracture? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Results We found 55 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. Conclusions In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: anaesthesia (general, regional); antibiotic regimens; arthroplasty; choice of implant for internal fixation; conservative treatment; co-ordinated multidisciplinary approaches for inpatient rehabilitation of older people; cyclical compression of the foot or calf; early supported discharge followed by home-based rehabilitation; extramedullary devices; fixation (external, internal); graduated elastic compression; intramedullary devices; mobilisation strategies; nerve blocks for pain control; nutritional supplementation (oral multinutrient feeds, nasogastric feeds); perioperative prophylaxis with antibiotics, with antiplatelet agents, or with heparin (low molecular weight or unfractionated); preoperative traction to the injured limb; and systematic multicomponent home-based rehabilitation.
This patent describes a fire extinguisher apparatus. It comprises: fire extinguisher medium storing means for storing a fire extinguishing medium; into at least one fracture formed therein. The first fracturing fluid having a known density and containing a diverting agent; introducing a second fracturing fluid into the fracture having a known density different from density of the first fracturing fluid
D. L. Lord; B. W. McDaniel; L. E. Harris; J. E. Manrique
Fracture characterization study
First, the origin, nature, and significance of fractures in general are discussed. Next, discussions are directed toward the designation and classification of fractures. Some typical fracture measurement techniques are discussed. Finally, geothermal fracture systems are investigated and correlations made to determine which fracture technologies from oil field work are applicable to geothermal systems. (MHR)
Kehrman, R.F.
Outcome of prenatally diagnosed mild unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly.
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of prenatally diagnosed unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly and also to assess neonatal outcome in infants with this prenatal diagnosis. A computerized ultrasonography database identified fetuses with isolated and nonisolated unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly from October 1994 to June 1999. The Denver II Developmental Screening Test was used to assess developmental skills. Unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly was diagnosed in 15 of 21,172 (1 per 1,411) pregnancies. The width of the enlarged lateral ventricle ranged from 1.0 to 1.9 cm. In 10 (67%) of 15 cases unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly was an isolated finding. Eight of the 14 infants who were born at 36 weeks' gestation or later had postnatal cranial imaging, and ventricular asymmetry was confirmed in 5 (63%). One infant with an arachnoid cyst and cerebral palsy died at 2 years of age. The remaining 11 infants in whom developmental milestones were assessed had age-appropriate skills. Unilateral fetal ventriculomegaly is usually an isolated finding and when isolated has little measurable effect on developmental outcome. PMID:11270530
Kinzler, W L; Smulian, J C; McLean, D A; Guzman, E R; Vintzileos, A M
Fragility fractures requiring special consideration: vertebral fractures.
The treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures is complicated because of the comorbid conditions of the elderly patient. Underlying osteoporosis leads to malalignment of the weakened bone and impedes fracture fixation. The treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures is widely empirical, because standardized and accepted treatment evidence-based concepts are missing for certain fracture types. As in other osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, the key for good outcome may be a combination of interdisciplinary treatment approaches and adapted surgical procedures. This article gives an overview of the underlying problems and possible treatment strategies for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in geriatric patients. PMID:24721374
Kammerlander, Christian; Zegg, Michael; Schmid, Rene; Gosch, Markus; Luger, Thomas J; Blauth, Michael
Unilateral versus bilateral clubfoot: an analysis of severity and correlation.
This study compares the severity of unilateral and bilateral clubfoot, and the correlation between right and left feet of bilateral cases. Sixty-six unilateral and 75 bilateral clubfoot patients were assessed for severity using the Pirani score at an average age of 12.9 days (SD 9 days). In bilateral cases, the severity of right and left feet was highly correlated (r=0.68). The odds of being very severe were 2.6 (95% confidence interval 1.3-5.1) times higher in bilateral cases (P=0.007). Bilateral and unilateral clubfeet present with differing severity. Right and left feet from bilateral cases are highly correlated. Researchers need to address these issues during study design and analysis. PMID:24869905
Gray, Kelly; Barnes, Elizabeth; Gibbons, Paul; Little, David; Burns, Joshua
Clock-drawing test and unilateral spatial neglect.
We investigated the ability of 25 patients with left unilateral spatial neglect to make a clock face by putting numbers inside a printed circle. Impairment seen in this clock-drawing test did not parallel neglect severity as judged by results of the line-cancellation and line-bisection tests, as well as the copying of a daisy. The score for clock drawing correlated highly with the verbal WAIS score. Most neglect patients with a verbal IQ of 87 or more could draw a clock face fairly well and used planning in placing the numbers 12, 3, 6, and 9 before the others. In clock drawing, verbal intelligence may compensate for left unilateral spatial neglect. We therefore recommend use of the line-cancellation and line-bisection tests, as well as the copying test, but do not recommend use of the clock-drawing test in the diagnosis of left unilateral spatial neglect. PMID:8423871
Ishiai, S; Sugishita, M; Ichikawa, T; Gono, S; Watabiki, S
Unilateral opercular infarction presenting with Foix-Chavany-Marie Syndrome.
A 76-year-old man with a history of pontine, cerebellar infaction suddenly became speechless during the procedure of percutaneous coronary intervention. On examination, he was unable to close his mouth voluntarily, but spontaneous closing was preserved when smiling. He had anarthria and hypophonia, although his comprehension was preserved. He also had a severe dysphagia. Radiological studies revealed an acute stroke in the left anterior operculum, indicating Foix-Chavany-Marie Syndrome (FCMS) caused by a unilateral opercular lesion. Pathophysiology of the previous cases reported as unilateral FCMS remains controversial, but in our case, it could be delineated by the combination of the new lesion in the unilateral operculum and the old one in the contralateral pons. Since FCMS is not only related to biopercular lesions, we should consider thorough radiologic examination to clarify its anatomic basis. PMID:23040957
Ohtomo, Ryo; Iwata, Atsushi; Tsuji, Shoji
Proposal of unilateral single-flux-quantum logic gate
A new type of single flux quantum logic gate is proposed, which can perform unilateral propagation of signal without using three-phase clock. This gate is designed to be built with bridge-type Josephson junctions. A basic logic gate consists of two one-junction interferometers coupled by superconducting interconnecting lines, and the logical states are represented by zero or one quantized fluxoid in one of one-junction interferometers. The bias current of the unequal magnitude to each of the two one-junction interferometers results in unilateral signal flow. By adjusting design parameters such as the ratio of the critical current of Josephson junctions and the inductances, circuits with the noise immunity of greater than 50% with respect to the bias current have been designed. Three cascaded gates were modeled and simulated on a computer, and the unilateral signal flow was confirmed. The simulation also shows that a switching delay about 2 picoseconds is feasible.
Mikaye, H.; Fukaya, N.; Okabe, Y.; Sugamo, T.
... displacement) between the broken pieces of the patella. Comminuted fracture. This type of break is very unstable. ... bone shatters into three or more pieces. A comminuted fracture of the patella. Open fracture. In this ...
Fractures to the body of the talus include a wide array of injuries, varying from relatively minor posterior tuberosity fractures to devastating comminuted body fractures. Fracture types include osteochondral fractures, sagittal transverse or coronal whole-body fractures, posterior tubercle fractures, lateral process fractures, and crush injuries. Treatment varies from excision of small fragments, such as arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral injuries, to open reduction and internal fixation of body fractures, usually by a medial malleolar osteotomy. Prognosis logically correlates with the magnitude of the injury with whole-body fractures, especially crush injuries, having the worst prognosis. Talar body fractures, similar to talar neck fractures, also can be complicated by subtalar arthritis, ankle arthritis, malunion, and avascular necrosis. PMID:11465134
Thordarson, D B
Pediatric Thighbone (Femur) Fracture
... 2013 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Pediatric Thighbone (Femur) Fracture The thighbone (femur) is the ... fractures. Risk Events with the highest risk for pediatric femur fractures include: Ľ Falling hard on the playground Ľ ...
Fracture healing in protease-activated receptor-2 deficient mice.
Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) provides an important link between extracellular proteases and the cellular initiation of inflammatory responses. The effect of PAR-2 on fracture healing is unknown. This study investigates the in vivo effect of PAR-2 deletion on fracture healing by assessing differences between wild-type (PAR-2(+/+)) and knock-out (PAR-2(-/-)) mice. Unilateral mid-shaft femur fractures were created in 34 PAR-2(+/+) and 28 PAR-2(-/-) mice after intramedullary fixation. Histologic assessments were made at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-fracture (wpf), and radiographic (plain radiographs, micro-computed tomography (ÁCT)) and biomechanical (torsion testing) assessments were made at 7 and 10 wpf. Both the fractured and un-fractured contralateral femur specimens were evaluated. Polar moment of inertia (pMOI), tissue mineral density (TMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV) were determined from ÁCT images, and callus diameter was determined from plain radiographs. Statistically significant differences in callus morphology as assessed by ÁCT were found between PAR-2(-/-) and PAR-2(+/+) mice at both 7 and 10 wpf. However, no significant histologic, plain radiographic, or biomechanical differences were found between the genotypes. The loss of PAR-2 was found to alter callus morphology as assessed by ÁCT but was not found to otherwise effect fracture healing in young mice. PMID:22247070
O'Neill, Kevin R; Stutz, Christopher M; Mignemi, Nicholas A; Cole, Heather; Murry, Matthew R; Nyman, Jeffry S; Hamm, Heidi; Schoenecker, Jonathan G
Cold shivering activity after unilateral destruction of the vestibular apparatus
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The bioelectric activity of muscles (flexors and extensors of the forelimbs and hindlimbs) during cold shivering after unilateral destruction of the vestibular apparatus. It was found, that unilateral delabyrinthing produces bilateral facilitation of cold shivering in the flexor extremities more pronounced on the ipsilateral side. In the extensor muscles there was an absence of bioelectric activity both before and after delabyrinthing. Enhancement of cold shivering in the flexor extremities following intervention was evidently conditioned by removal of the inhibiting effect of the vestibulary apparatus on the function of special centers.
Kuzmina, G. I.
Unilateral interventions for women living with heavy drinkers.
Despite the fact that unilateral therapy is often the only treatment option for women living with heavy drinkers, very few structured programs have been developed for this client group. Moreover, the programs that do exist lack empirical support (as in the case of Al-Anon) or have as their highest priority promoting change in the drinker. This article looks at unilateral therapy for women partners of heavy drinkers and concludes that although a number of promising developments have occurred in recent years, more research is needed on the benefits to the women themselves. PMID:9009889
Barber, J G; Gilbertson, R
Septal mucoperiosteal flap for the repair of unilateral choanal atresia.
The authors present a new modality of endoscopic repair for unilateral choanal atresia. A 14-year old girl complained of right-sided nasal obstruction. Endoscopy and CT scans showed unilateral bony choanal atresia. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery. A mucoperiosteal flap at the posterior part of the septum in the left, healthy nasal cavity was fashioned and the denuded part of the septum was removed. The atretic choanae was resected and a unified posterior nasal opening was formed. The flap was spread over the posterior septal edge and adjusted to the opposite septal side. One-year follow-up of the patient showed no stenosis of the choanae. PMID:19839259
Mladina, Ranko; Prstaci?, Ratko; Prstasi?, Ratko; Vukovi?, Katarina; Skitareli?, Neven
Recovery from unilateral labyrinthectomy in rhesus monkey.
1. We recorded eye movements in six rhesus monkeys before and after unilateral labyrinthectomy and quantified the compensation for both the static and the dynamic disturbances of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). 2. When first recorded after labyrinthectomy (18-20 h postlesion), all animals had a spontaneous nystagmus with mean slow-phase velocities ranging from 24 to 54 degrees/s measured in darkness and 0-4 degrees/s measured in the light. The level of nystagmus diminished quickly, and by postoperative day 25 mean values ranged from 4 to 22 degrees/s, measured in darkness. The waveform of individual slow phases was variable, but in the first postoperative week its trajectory usually showed an increasing, or an increasing then decreasing, velocity. This finding indicates that peripheral vestibular lesions can alter the function of the ocular motor eye-position integrator. 3. The VOR gain (eye velocity/head velocity, corrected for spontaneous nystagmus) during rotations (30-300 degrees/s) in the dark was diminished from nearly 1.0 preoperatively to approximately 0.5 when first measured after labyrinthectomy, except for rotations toward the lesioned side at high speeds for which the gain was even lower. Within the first few postoperative days, for rotations toward the intact side, the VOR gain increased rapidly, to approximately 0.8. For rotations toward the lesioned side similar behavior was noted for stimuli of 30-60 degrees/s, but at higher velocities compensation proceeded more slowly. By 3 mo postoperatively gains had reached values ranging from 0.77 to 1.03 for rotations toward the intact side and from 0.61 to 0.98 for rotations toward the lesioned side. Values were higher for lower-velocity stimuli. 4. Caloric testing with ice water in the unoperated ear elicited nystagmus with a mean value of maximum slow-phase velocity of 129 degrees/s preoperatively and 195 degrees/s 3 mo postoperatively. There was no caloric response on the lesioned side. From the increase in caloric responses from the intact ear we infer considerable restoration of spontaneous activity of vestibular neurons on the deafferented side. 5. The time constant of the VOR was a function of stimulus speed preoperatively with a maximum mean value of 35 s for a 60 degrees/s stimulus. After labyrinthectomy the VOR time constant was low (6.0-9.1 s) at all speeds. Subsequently, in three animals only, there was a small increase (2-3 s) in VOR time constant during the 3-mo period following labyrinthectomy. These results indicate that labyrinthectomy profoundly and persistently impairs the action of the vestibular velocity-storage mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID:3258362
Fetter, M; Zee, D S
A new biomechanical model for evaluation of fixation systems of maxillofacial fractures.
The aim of this study was to develop a new type of biomechanical model for biomechanical researches of maxillofacial fractures and then evaluate it. Twenty synthetic polyurethane maxillary and mandibular models were used to simulate the mandible and maxilla. Springs were used to represent the forces of masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis, and lateral pterygoid muscles acting on the models. Four masticatory conditions, namely clenching in the intercuspal position (ICP), incisal clenching (INC), left unilateral molar clenching (L-MOL, contralateral side of fracture) and right unilateral molar clenching (R-MOL, fracture side) were simulated. The strain on a miniplates placed across a simulated fracture was measured using strain gauges attached to the plate surface. During INC and L-MOL, the strain on the miniplates confirmed the findings of Champy. The upper miniplate was subjected to tension force and the lower miniplate to compression. When the bite point moved to the fracture, the tension-compression zone reversed, with the upper miniplate relatively compressed and the lower miniplate tension. During ICP, the tension-compression zone changed again, with both miniplates tension. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a model which is much closer to physiological conditions than models used previously. It is reliable and useful for biomechanical tests of mandibular fractures. Models including soft tissue need developing to further understand fracture healing biomechanics. PMID:21865052
Ji, Baohui; Wang, Chun; Song, Fumin; Chen, Mengshi; Wang, Hang
Shoulder Trauma (Fractures and Dislocations)
... is moved Deformity -- "It does not look right" Specific Findings: Clavicle Fracture Fractured clavicle (collarbone) Swelling about ... much as with fractures of the proximal humerus Specific Findings: Proximal Humerus Fracture Fractured head of the ...
Unilateral graft rejection after bilateral antigenically identical corneal transplantation.
A unique case of unilateral graft rejection after bilateral antigenically identical corneal transplantation is described. The local risk factors (corneal vascularity and elevated intraocular pressure) were present to a greater extent in the nonrejected eye. The influence of other factors on the corneal microenvironment and their relationship to graft/host interactions is discussed. PMID:2663349
Olkowski, J D; Belin, M W; Bozkir, N; Mannarino, A
Unilateral radiation pneumonitis in sheep: Physiological changes and bronchoalveolar lavage
Radiation pneumonitis is a life-threatening result of therapeutic thoracic irradiation, yet its mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the effects of unilateral lung irradiation (3,000 rad) in sheep from the immediate response to the later development of radiation pneumonitis. We defined radiation pneumonitis by its diagnostic clinical feature, radiographic infiltration of the irradiated zone with a straight margin corresponding to the radiation port. The immediate response in the few hours after irradiation was characterized by cough, labored respiration, hypoxemia (arterial PO{sub 2} decreased 19 Torr), mild pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary arterial pressure increased 20%), and lymphopenia. Hemodynamics and gas exchange returned to normal by day 2 but became abnormal again before or during radiation pneumonitis at 32 +/- 2 days. Respiratory distress, hypoxemia, and pulmonary hypertension recurred during radiation pneumonitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage during radiation pneumonitis contained increased neutrophils (19 +/- 4%, control = 7%), increased protein (0.27 +/- 0.1 g/dl, control = 0.12 +/- 0.03), and severely impaired ability to lower surface tension. Alveolar macrophages from both lungs during unilateral radiation pneumonitis exhibited impaired generation of superoxide after phorbol myristate (only a 30% increase). Normal control alveolar macrophages increased superoxide production after stimulation greater than 400%. We conclude that unilateral lung irradiation in sheep causes a mild immediate response followed by radiation pneumonitis at 1 mo. Unilateral radiation pneumonitis in this model is associated with ipsilateral neutrophilic alveolitis, increased bronchoalveolar lavage protein, and impaired surfactant function, as well as bilateral functional abnormalities of alveolar macrophages.
Tillman, B.F.; Loyd, J.E.; Malcolm, A.W.; Holm, B.A.; Brigham, K.L. (Vanderbilt Univ. School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (USA))
Experimental Unilateral Torsion of the Spermatic Cord in Guinea Pigs
A systematic investigation of the effects of unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord on the contralateral testis of the guinea pig was carried out for variable time peri- ods, ie, seven days, one, three and six months. Both histological and ultrastructural studies were made on all testicular autopsy materials collected from five groups of animals. Those five groups were: group
Fertility and unilateral undescended testis in the rat model
Fertility potential in patients with unilateral (UL) undescended testis is a debated topic. An experimental study was done in rats by surgically creating a UL undescended testis and studying its effect on their potential to father offspring when housed with female rats. No difference in fertility potential was observed in the various groups in this study. Since fertility was tested
S. Agarwala; D. K. Mitra
A case of unilateral burning mouth syndrome of neuropathic origin.
The neuropathic origin of a case of unilateral burning mouth syndrome, previously diagnosed as psychogenic, was ascertained by intra-oral mucosa biopsy, which showed a severe sensory fibers damage, probably caused by maxillary anesthetic block and dental surgery. PMID:20807251
de Tommaso, Marina; Lavolpe, Vito; Di Venere, Daniela; Corsalini, Massimo; Vecchio, Eleonora; Favia, Gianfranco; Sardaro, Michele; Livrea, Paolo; Nolano, Maria
Perceptual awareness and its loss in unilateral neglect and extinction
We review recent evidence from studies of patients with unilateral neglect and\\/or extinction, who suffer from a loss of awareness for stimuli towards the affected side of space. We contrast their deficit with the effects of damage to primary sensory areas, noting that such areas can remain structurally intact in neglect, with lesions typically centred on the right inferior parietal
Jon Driver; Patrik Vuilleumier
Bilateral Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling by Unilateral Femoral Venous Approach
Purpose Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is a direct method of distinguishing between pituitary and ectopic ACTH secretion. We present unilateral femoral route technique avoiding bilateral femoral venous puncture using two 4F catheters into both sides of IPSS in these obese patients. Materials and Methods Unilateral femoral puncture using 9F guiding catheter allowed two 4F catheters which can be introduced in each side of inferior petrosal sinus. To reduce bleeding in the gap between 2 catheters at the diaphragm of the 9F femoral sheath, we introduced a short guidewire provided along with femoral sheath. After removing the 9F sheath after procedure, we applied manual compression as usual. We evaluated any technical difficulty and other complications including the presence of hematoma at the puncture site 1 day and 30 days later. Results Bilateral IPSS by using two 4F catheters in both inferior petrosal sinuses was possible via unilateral femoral route via 9F sheath. There was no technical difficulty introducing 4F catheters into each IPS of both sides. After removing 9F femoral sheath, there was no other complication and no hematoma at the puncture site at 1 day and 30 days later. Conclusion Unilateral femoral venous approach with a 9-French sheath can be used in IPSS. This technique allowed to pass two 4F catheters for IPSS at both sides and could avoid unnecessary bilateral femoral puncture in these obese patients without any hematoma formation after the procedure.
Park, Jee Won; Park, Soonchan; Kim, Jong Lim; Lee, Ha Young; Shin, Ji Eun; Hyun, Dong Ho; Jang, Seung Won
Hemostatic alterations in patients with acute, unilateral vestibular paresis
Objectives: The etiopathogenesis of acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy (APV) still remains a matter of debate; ischemic changes in the circulation of the labyrinth may play a role. We consequently looked for possible hemostasis alterations in a group of patients with APV of an unknown nature. Methods: We evaluated blood parameters known to be involved in circulation disorders, including total and
Bruno Fattori; Andrea Nacci; Augusto Casani; Renza Cristofani; Andrea Sagripanti
Unilateral Transverse Arm Defect with Subterminal Digital Nubbins
We present a case of unilateral terminal transverse forearm deficiency with subterminal digit-like nubbins, identified in a fetus from a pregnancy terminated electively in the second trimester because the distal right arm and hand could not be seen by ultrasound and were presumed to be absent. Pathologic evaluation showed distal transverse shortening, tapering to a point in the mid-forearm. Five
Ronny I. Drapkin; David R. Genest; Lewis B. Holmes; Taosheng Huang; Sara O. Vargas
Unilateral parathyroidectomy: The role of thallium-technetium subtraction scans
The rationale for using the thallium-technetium subtraction scan as a preoperative localizing study in previously untreated patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is presented. The concept of unilateral parathyroidectomy is also presented, and the role of preoperative localizing studies in this approach to parathyroid surgery is carefully analyzed.
Davis, R.K.; Hoffmann, J.; Dart, D.; Datz, F.L. (Univ. of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (USA))
An analytical methodology for magnetic field control in unilateral NMR
Traditionally, unilateral NMR systems such as the NMR-MOUSE have used the fringe field between two bar magnets joined with a yoke in a ĹUĺ geometry. This allows NMR signals to be acquired from a sensitive volume displaced from the magnets, permitting large samples to be investigated. The drawback of this approach is that the static field (B0) generated in this
Andrew E. Marble; Igor V. Mastikhin; Bruce G. Colpitts; Bruce J. Balcom
Unilateral Cleft Lip-Nose Repair: A 33Year Experience
A 33-year experience with a proven method of re- pair for primary unilateral cleft lip-nose is pre- sented. The technique used by the authors has been improved by modifications that have led to better symmetry and balance with less scarring. The tech- nique involves ignoring the abnormal skeletal base, use of perisurgical passive orthopedics, and primary surgical correction of the
Kenneth E. Salyer; Edward R. Genecov; David G. Genecov
[Two cases of rare unilateral sensorineural hearing loss].
We report a case of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss due to Borrelia burgdorferi infection and in a patient with haemophilia B and hepatitis C treated with alpha-interferon. An audiological check-up of that kind of patients is indicated in order to exclude hearing loss. PMID:12741155
Obrebowski, Andrzej; Walczak, Marta; Karlik, Micha?; Wojnowski, Waldemar
Unilateral asterixis due to a lesion of the ventrolateral thalamus.
A case of unilateral asterixis in a man with a focal ischaemic lesion of the contralateral ventral thalamus is presented. Atypically, the movements were present at rest and had a pattern of activation that resulted in an initial misdiagnosis of epilepsia partialis continua. This case emphasises the importance of electromyographic analysis in establishing the correct diagnosis of involuntary movements before starting specific treatment. Images
Stell, R; Davis, S; Carroll, W M
Compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney after unilateral ureteral ligation
1. The ligation of one ureter is accompanied by compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney. 2. The rate of growth of the contralateral kidney after ligation of the opposite ureter is similar to that observed after unilateral nephrectomy. 3. Ligation of one ureter produced ipsilateral hydronephrosis. 4. The development of hydronephrosis was accompanied by a marked increase of DNA, suggesting hyperplasia, and of the rate of anaerobic glycolysis, while the rate of oxygen uptake decreased, especially in the cortex. 5. During compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney, after ligation of the opposite ureter, there were increases of RNA/DNA ratios and of oxygen uptake, especially marked in the cortex, and in every respect similar to those observed after unilateral nephrectomy. 6. Ligation of one ureter resulted in an increase of glomerular filtration rate of the contralateral kidney similar to that observed after unilateral nephrectomy. 7. The mechanisms of contralateral renal hypertrophy after ligation of one ureter and after unilateral nephrectomy are discussed. It is suggested that in both cases the prime mover to compensatory hypertrophy is the increase of glomerular filtration rate.
Dicker, S. E.; Shirley, D. G.
Management of Young Children with Unilateral Hearing Loss
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) are at risk for academic, speech and language and social-emotional difficulties. To date, most of the evidence documented in the literature has been obtained from school-age children, most of whom were diagnosed with UHL after enrollment in school. Following the widespread institution of universalů
McKay, Sarah
Unilateral parenchymal haemorrhagic infarction in the preterm infant
A unilateral parenchymal haemorrhage associated with a germinal matrixľintraventricular haemorrhage (GMHľIVH) is still an important problem in the preterm infant and especially in those who are very immature. This type of lesion is now considered mainly to be caused by impaired drainage of the veins in the periventricular white matter and is often referred to as a venous infarction. The
Linda S de Vries; Ariadne M Roelants-van Rijn; Karin J Rademaker; Ingrid C van Haastert; Frederik JA Beek; Floris Groenendaal
Unilateral Galactorrhea Associated with Low-dose Escitalopram
Galactorrhea is a rare adverse effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. We report a 27-year-old woman who developed unilateral breast engorgement with galactorrhea 18 days after initiation of escitalopram (10 mg/day). The symptom remitted 7 days after withdrawal of escitalopram and did not subsequently recur during maintenance therapy with agomelatine (25 mg/day).
Ravi, P. Bangalore; Guruprasad, K. G.; Andrade, Chittaranjan
Unilateral Galactorrhea Associated with Low-dose Escitalopram.
Galactorrhea is a rare adverse effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. We report a 27-year-old woman who developed unilateral breast engorgement with galactorrhea 18 days after initiation of escitalopram (10 mg/day). The symptom remitted 7 days after withdrawal of escitalopram and did not subsequently recur during maintenance therapy with agomelatine (25 mg/day). PMID:25035569
Ravi, P Bangalore; Guruprasad, K G; Andrade, Chittaranjan
Profiles of Spinal Cord Tumors Removed through a Unilateral Hemilaminectomy
Objective To present the profiles of spinal cord tumors that can be removed through a unilateral hemilaminectomy and to demonstrate its usefulness for benign spinal cord tumors that significantly occupy the spinal canal. Methods From June 2004 to October 2010, 25 spinal cord tumors were approached with unilateral hemilaminectomy. We calculated the cross-sectional occupying ratio (CSOR) of tumor to spinal canal before and after the operations. Results The locations of the tumors were intradural extramedullary in 20 cases, extradural in 2, and intramedullary in 3. The levels of the tumors were lumbar in 12, thoracic 9, and cervical 4. In all cases, the tumor was removed grossly and totally without damaging spinal cord or roots. The mean height and width of the lesions we195re 17.64 mm (3-47.5) and 12.62 mm (4-32.7), respectively. The mean CSOR was 69.40% (range, 27.8-96.9%). Postoperative neurological status showed improvement in all patients except one whose neurologic deficit remained unchanged. Postoperative spinal stability was preserved during the follow-up period (mean, 21.5 months) in all cases. Tumor recurrence did not develop during the follow-up period. Conclusion Unilateral hemilaminectomy combined with microsurgical technique provides sufficient space for the removal of diverse spinal cord tumors. The basic profiles of the spinal cord tumors which can be removed through the unilateral hemilaminectomy demonstrate its role for the surgery of the benign spinal cord tumors in various sizes.
Yeo, Dong Kyu; Park, Kwan Woong; Shin, Dong Seong; Kim, Bum Tae; Shin, Won Han
Unilateral Pulmonary Agenesis and Gastric Duplication Cyst: A Rare Association
Lung agenesis and gastric duplication cysts are both rare congenital anomalies. Gastric duplication cysts can present with nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, or vague abdominal pain. Unilateral pulmonary agenesis can present with respiratory distress which usually occurs due to retention of bronchial secretions and inflammations. We report the unique case of right pulmonary agenesis associated with gastric duplication cyst.
Skokic, Fahrija; Hotic, Nesad; Husaric, Edin; Radoja, Gordana; Muratovic, Selma; Dedic, Nermina
Effect of Natural Fractures on Hydraulic Fracturing
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hydraulic Fracturing has been used successfully in the oil and gas industry to enhance oil and gas production in the past few decades. Recent years have seen the great development of tight gas, coal bed methane and shale gas. Natural fractures are believed to play an important role in the hydraulic fracturing of such formations. Whether natural fractures can benefit the fracture propagation and enhance final production needs to be studied. Various methods have been used to study the effect of natural fractures on hydraulic fracturing. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) is a numerical method which belongs to the family of discrete element methods. In this paper, DDA is coupled with a fluid pipe network model to simulate the pressure response in the formation during hydraulic fracturing. The focus is to study the effect of natural fractures on hydraulic fracturing. In particular, the effect of rock joint properties, joint orientations and rock properties on fracture initiation and propagation will be analyzed. The result shows that DDA is a promising tool to study such complex behavior of rocks. Finally, the advantages of disadvantages of our current model and future research directions will be discussed.
Ben, Y.; Wang, Y.; Shi, G.
An analytical methodology for magnetic field control in unilateral NMR.
Traditionally, unilateral NMR systems such as the NMR-MOUSE have used the fringe field between two bar magnets joined with a yoke in a 'U' geometry. This allows NMR signals to be acquired from a sensitive volume displaced from the magnets, permitting large samples to be investigated. The drawback of this approach is that the static field (B0) generated in this configuration is inhomogeneous, and has a large, nonlinear, gradient. As a consequence, the sensitive volume of the instrument is both small and ill defined. Empirical redesign of the permanent magnet array producing the B0 field has yielded instruments with magnetic field topologies acceptable for varying applications. The drawback of current approaches is the lack of formalism in the control of B0. Rather than tailoring the magnet geometry to NMR investigations, measurements must be tailored to the available magnet geometry. In this work, we present a design procedure whereby the size, shape, field strength, homogeneity, and gradients in the sensitive spot of a unilateral NMR sensor can be controlled. Our design uses high permeability pole pieces, shaped according to the contours of an analytical expression, to control B0, allowing unilateral NMR instruments to be designed to generate a controlled static field topology. We discuss the approach in the context of previously published design techniques, and explain the advantages inherent in our strategy as compared to other optimization methods. We detail the design, simulation, and construction of a unilateral magnet array using our approach. It is shown that the fabricated array exhibits a B0 topology consistent with the design. The utility of the design is demonstrated in a sample nondestructive testing application. Our design methodology is general, and defines a class of unilateral permanent magnet arrays in which the strength and shape of B0 within the sensitive volume can be controlled. PMID:15809175
Marble, Andrew E; Mastikhin, Igor V; Colpitts, Bruce G; Balcom, Bruce J
An analytical methodology for magnetic field control in unilateral NMR
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Traditionally, unilateral NMR systems such as the NMR-MOUSE have used the fringe field between two bar magnets joined with a yoke in a 'U' geometry. This allows NMR signals to be acquired from a sensitive volume displaced from the magnets, permitting large samples to be investigated. The drawback of this approach is that the static field ( B0) generated in this configuration is inhomogeneous, and has a large, nonlinear, gradient. As a consequence, the sensitive volume of the instrument is both small and ill defined. Empirical redesign of the permanent magnet array producing the B0 field has yielded instruments with magnetic field topologies acceptable for varying applications. The drawback of current approaches is the lack of formalism in the control of B0. Rather than tailoring the magnet geometry to NMR investigations, measurements must be tailored to the available magnet geometry. In this work, we present a design procedure whereby the size, shape, field strength, homogeneity, and gradients in the sensitive spot of a unilateral NMR sensor can be controlled. Our design uses high permeability pole pieces, shaped according to the contours of an analytical expression, to control B0, allowing unilateral NMR instruments to be designed to generate a controlled static field topology. We discuss the approach in the context of previously published design techniques, and explain the advantages inherent in our strategy as compared to other optimization methods. We detail the design, simulation, and construction of a unilateral magnet array using our approach. It is shown that the fabricated array exhibits a B0 topology consistent with the design. The utility of the design is demonstrated in a sample nondestructive testing application. Our design methodology is general, and defines a class of unilateral permanent magnet arrays in which the strength and shape of B0 within the sensitive volume can be controlled.
Marble, Andrew E.; Mastikhin, Igor V.; Colpitts, Bruce G.; Balcom, Bruce J.
The properties of guided waves which propagate between two parallel fractures are examined. Plane wave analysis is used to obtain a dispersion equation for the velocities of fracture channel waves. Analysis of this equation demonstrates that parallel fractures form an elastic waveguide that supports two symmetric and two antisymmetric dispersive Rayleigh channel waves, each with particle motions and velocities that are sensitive to the normal and tangential stiffnesses of the fractures. These fracture channel waves degenerate to shear waves when the fracture stiffnesses are large, to Rayleigh waves and Rayleigh-Lamb plate waves when the fracture stiffnesses are low, and to fracture interface waves when the fractures are either very closely spaced or widely separated. For intermediate fracture stiffnesses typical of fractured rock masses, fracture channel waves are dispersive and exhibit moderate to strong localization of guided wave energy between the fractures. The existence of these waves is examined using laboratory acoustic measurements on a fractured marble plate. This experiment confirms the distinct particle motion of the fundamental antisymmetric fracture channel wave (A{sub 0} mode) and demonstrates the ease with which a fracture channel wave can be generated and detected. {copyright} 1999 American Geophysical Union
Nihei, K.T.; Yi, W.; Myer, L.R.; Cook, N.G. [Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California (United States)] [Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California (United States); Schoenberg, M. [Schlumberger-Doll Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut (United States)] [Schlumberger-Doll Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut (United States)
Orbital trapdoor fractures are commonly encountered in children. Awareness of trapdoor fractures is of particular importance. This is because early recognition and treatment are necessary to prevent permanent motility abnormities. In this article, we will provide a brief overview of orbital fractures. The clinical and radiographic features of trapdoor fractures will then be reviewed, followed by a discussion on their proper management.
Phan, Laura T.; Jordan Piluek, W.; McCulley, Timothy J.
Bilateral Occipital Condyle Fracture
Occipital condyle fractures are a rare finding in trauma victims. Bilateral fractures are even more unusual and have typically been reported in autopsy studies. We treated two patients with bilateral occipital condyle fractures who had only minor symptoms. Anderson and Montesano's classification,1 possible cranial nerve palsies, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare fracture are discussed. ImagesFigure 1Figure 2
Schrodel, Markus H.; Kestlmeier, Ralph; Trappe, Anna E.
Fracture characterization study
The origin, nature and significance of fractures in general are discussed. Some typical fracture measurement techniques are discussed. Finally, geothermal fracture systems are investigated and correlations made to determine which fracture technologies from oil field work are applicable to geothermal systems. (MHR)
Kehrman, R.F.
In a series of 57 hemiplegic patients who subsequently fractured their hips, it was found that hip fracture occurred significantly more often on the hemiplegic side. Hip fracture was equally common in right- and left-sided hemiplegia, and often occurred within one year of the stroke. Two factors seem to be important in the genesis of hip fractures in hemiplegic patients:
G. Mulley; A. J. Espley
Bilateral distal radius fractures in a 12-year-old boy after household electrical shock: case report and literature summary.
Background. Fracture resulting from household electric shock is uncommon. When it occurs, it is usually the result of a fall; however, electricity itself can cause sufficient tetany to produce a fracture. We present the case of bilateral fractures of the distal radii of a 12-year-old boy which were sustained after accidental shock. The literature regarding fractures after domestic electric shock is also reviewed. Methods. An Ovid-Medline search was conducted. The resultant articles and their bibliographies were surveyed for cases describing fractures resulting from a typical household-level voltage (110-220?V, 50-60?Hertz) and not a fall after the shock. Twenty-one articles describing 22 patients were identified. Results. Twenty-two cases were identified. Thirteen were unilateral injuries; 9 were bilateral. Proximal humerus fractures were most frequent (8 cases), followed by scapula fractures (7 cases), forearm fractures (4 cases), femoral neck fractures (2 cases), and vertebral body fracture (1 case). Eight of the 22 cases were diagnosed days to weeks after the injury. Conclusions. Fracture after electric shock is uncommon. It should be suspected in patients with persistent pain, particularly in the shoulder or forearm area. Distal radius fractures that occur during electrocution are likely due to tetany. PMID:24511315
Stone, Norman; Karamitopoulos, Mara; Edelstein, David; Hashem, Jenifer; Tucci, James
Vertical fracture containment during massive hydraulic fracturing
Massive hydraulic fractures are projected to play a major role in the recovery of the tremendous reserves of gas tied up in the tight gas sands of the Deep Basin of N. Alberta and British Columbia. One of the major problems in designing fractures in such formations is the uncertain vertical extent of these fractures: fracture containment. This work presents a procedure for predicting the vertical extent of fractures in multi-layered formations with varying material properties and tectonic stresses. The numeric procedure uses the finite element technique for the rock deformation calculations and employs special high order, crack-tip elements to improve the accuracy of stress intensity calculations. Furthermore, it makes use of the powerful numeric technique of static condensation to reduce computer memory and computation time. The elastic deformation calculation can be coupled to a fluid flow model to predict dynamic fracture growth.
Cormack, D.E.; Fung, R.L.; Vijayakumar, S.
[Arthroscopic fracture management in proximal humeral fractures].
Arthroscopy has become increasingly more established in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. In addition to the known advantages of minimally invasive surgery fracture and implant positioning can be optimized and controlled arthroscopically and relevant intra-articular concomitant pathologies (e.g. biceps tendon complex and rotator cuff) can be diagnosed and treated. Arthroscopic techniques have proven to be advantageous in the treatment of various entities of greater tuberosity fractures, lesser tuberosity fractures (suture bridging technique) and subcapital humeral fractures (arthroscopic nailing). This article presents an overview on innovative arthroscopic modalities for treating proximal humeral fractures, describes the surgical techniques and the advantages compared to open procedures as well as initial clinical results. PMID:23515643
Lill, H; Katthagen, C; Jensen, G; Voigt, C
Imaging of vertebral fractures
Vertebral fracture is a common clinical problem. Osteoporosis is the leading cause of non-traumatic vertebral fracture. Often, vertebral fractures are not clinically suspected due to nonspecific presentation and are overlooked during routine interpretation of radiologic investigations. Moreover, once detected, many a times the radiologist fails to convey to the clinician in a meaningful way. Hence, vertebral fractures are a constant cause of morbidity and mortality. Presence of vertebral fracture increases the chance of fracture in another vertebra and also increases the risk of subsequent hip fracture. Early detection can lead to immediate therapeutic intervention improving further the quality of life. So, in this review, we wish to present a comprehensive overview of vertebral fracture imaging along with an algorithm of evaluation of vertebral fractures.
Panda, Ananya; Das, Chandan J.; Baruah, Udismita
Imaging of vertebral fractures.
Vertebral fracture is a common clinical problem. Osteoporosis is the leading cause of non-traumatic vertebral fracture. Often, vertebral fractures are not clinically suspected due to nonspecific presentation and are overlooked during routine interpretation of radiologic investigations. Moreover, once detected, many a times the radiologist fails to convey to the clinician in a meaningful way. Hence, vertebral fractures are a constant cause of morbidity and mortality. Presence of vertebral fracture increases the chance of fracture in another vertebra and also increases the risk of subsequent hip fracture. Early detection can lead to immediate therapeutic intervention improving further the quality of life. So, in this review, we wish to present a comprehensive overview of vertebral fracture imaging along with an algorithm of evaluation of vertebral fractures. PMID:24944921
Panda, Ananya; Das, Chandan J; Baruah, Udismita
Retrospective analysis of two hundred thirty-five pediatric mandibular fracture cases.
Maxillofacial fractures are encountered less commonly during childhood period due to anatomic, social, cultural, and environmental factors. Although the incidence of all maxillofacial fractures is 1% to 15% among pediatric and adolescent patients, this rate drops to less than 1% in children below 5 years age. Two hundred thirty-five cases (
Eskitascioglu, Teoman; Ozyazgan, Irfan; Coruh, Atilla; Gunay, Galip K; Yuksel, Esabil
Global suppression of electrocortical activity in unilateral perinatal thalamic stroke.
We present an unusual case of persistent generalized electroencephalography (EEG) suppression and right-sided clonic seizures in a male infant born at 40(+2) weeks' gestation, birthweight 3240g, with an isolated unilateral thalamic stroke. The EEG at 13áhours after birth showed a generalized very low amplitude background pattern, which progressed to frequent electrographic seizures over the left hemisphere. The interictal background EEG pattern remained grossly abnormal over the next 48áhours, showing very low background amplitudes (<10?V). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an isolated acute left-sided thalamic infarction. This is the first description of severe global EEG suppression caused by an isolated unilateral thalamic stroke and supports the role of the thalamus as the control centre for cortical electrical activity. PMID:24410068
Kharoshankaya, Liudmila; Filan, Peter M; Bogue, Conor O; Murray, Deirdre M; Boylan, Geraldine B
Congenital Unilateral Deafness Affects Cerebral Organization of Reading
It is known that early sensory deprivation modifies brain functional structure and connectivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuro-functional organization of reading in a patient with profound congenital unilateral deafness. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we compared cortical networks supporting the processing of written words in patient RA (completely deaf in the right ear since birth) and in a group of control volunteers. We found that congenital unilateral hearing deprivation modifies neural mechanisms of word reading. Indeed, while written word processing was left-lateralized in controls, we found a strong right lateralization of the fusiform and inferior occipital gyri activation in RA. This finding goes in the same direction of recent proposals that the ventral occipito-temporal activity in word reading seem to lateralize to the same hemisphere as the one involved in spoken language processing.
Adorni, Roberta; Manfredi, Mirella; Proverbio, Alice Mado
Solving the Beam Bending Problem with an Unilateral Winkler Foundation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Our work is going to deal with the bending of a beam resting on an unilateral elastic foundation and develops further the ideas from the article [5]. In some cases the beam has fixed connection with the foundation. Such problems are linear. However there are applications where the beam is not connected with the foundation. This so-called unilateral case represents an interesting nonlinear problem and cannot be solved by easy means. We propose here first a new formulation of this problem which is based upon the idea of a decomposition. This way we can convert the usual variational formulation of our problem to a saddle-point formulation. In the second part of this paper we will deal with a numerical solution using the finite element method. The system of equations for the saddle point is nonlinear and nondifferentiable. It can be handled by the transformation to a complementarity problem which is solved by the nonsmooth Newton method.
Machalovß, Jitka; Netuka, HorymÝr
[Surgical voice rehabilitation in unilateral vocal fold paralysis].
Unilateral recurrent nerve paralysis leads to glottic insufficiency, significantly reducing vocal ability. Due to its unusually long course, the recurrent laryngeal nerve is prone to iatrogenic lesions involves many medical fields generally with little expertise in voice disorders. Whenever the etiology is uncertain, a complete diagnostic work-up is mandatory. Indirect laryngoscopy confirms the diagnosis. Laryngeal electromyography is of great value because it differentiates between paralysis and ankylosis of the cricoarytenoid joint. Moreover in many cases laryngeal electromyography yields a reliable prognosis of clinical outcome. While unfavorable results can be predicted with high accuracy, correct prognosis of complete recovery is more difficult. Speech therapy is the treatment of choice in cases of unilateral recurrent nerve palsy. Patients with persistent glottal gap may express the wish for surgical voice rehabilitation. Nowadays a broad spectrum of endoscopic and open approaches are available for this purpose. This review describes advanced techniques of voice-improving surgery available in specialized centers today. PMID:18509610
Sittel, C; Bosch, N; Plinkert, P K
Secondary bilateral synchrony in unilateral pial angiomatosis: successful surgical treatment.
Three children with circumscribed unilateral pial angiomatosis had both generalised and partial seizures associated with bilateral synchronous spike-wave complexes. Dramatic control of the seizures was obtained by surgical removal restricted to the angiomas and underlying cortex. There was recurrence of seizures in one patient from whom only one of two angiomatous areas was removed but not in the two patients whose excision was total. These cases indicate that secondary bilateral synchrony can occur with lesions of the posterior and external parts of one hemisphere. Surgical removal of a definable lesion, without intracranial recording, can help patients with intractable epilepsy due to unilateral pial angiomatosis, even in the presence of wide diffusion of clinical and electroencephalographic abnormalities.
Chevrie, J J; Specola, N; Aicardi, J
Unilateral incompatibility: hypotheses, debate and its implications for plant breeding
Unilateral incompatibility, its evolution and the hypotheses put forward to explain this phenomenon have been discussed. A new hypothesis is presented giving an easy explanation of the problems arisen and of the results obtained hitherto. The results to be expected from crosses between self-compatible and self-incompatible species and the crossability and (in)compatibility behaviour of their hybrids and segregating generations are
M. M. F. Abdalla
Magnetic vestibular stimulation in subjects with unilateral labyrinthine disorders.
We recently discovered that static magnetic fields from high-strength MRI machines induce nystagmus in all normal humans, and that a magneto-hydrodynamic Lorentz force, derived from ionic currents in the endolymph and pushing on the cupula, best explains this effect. Individuals with no labyrinthine function have no nystagmus. The influence of magnetic vestibular stimulation (MVS) in individuals with unilateral deficits in labyrinthine function is unknown and may provide insight into the mechanism of MVS. These individuals should experience MVS, but with a different pattern of nystagmus consistent with their unilateral deficit in labyrinthine function. We recorded eye movements in the static magnetic field of a 7 T MRI machine in nine individuals with unilateral labyrinthine hypofunction, as determined by head impulse testing and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP). Eye movements were recorded using infrared video-oculography. Static head positions were varied in pitch with the body supine, and slow-phase eye velocity (SPV) was assessed. All subjects exhibited predominantly horizontal nystagmus after entering the magnet head-first, lying supine. The SPV direction reversed when entering feet-first. Pitching chin-to-chest caused subjects to reach a null point for horizontal SPV. Right unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) subjects developed slow-phase-up nystagmus and left UVH subjects, slow-phase-down nystagmus. Vertical and torsional components were consistent with superior semicircular canal excitation or inhibition, respectively, of the intact ear. These findings provide compelling support for the hypothesis that MVS is a result of a Lorentz force and suggest that the function of individual structures within the labyrinth can be assessed with MVS. As a novel method of comfortable and sustained labyrinthine stimulation, MVS can provide new insights into vestibular physiology and pathophysiology. PMID:24659983
Ward, Bryan K; Roberts, Dale C; Della Santina, Charles C; Carey, John P; Zee, David S
Adrenal insufficiency following unilateral adrenalectomy: a case report.
We report a case of resection of a unilateral adrenal pseudocyst that precipitated life-threatening adrenal insufficiency. The patient had extremis unresponsive to pressor agents in the immediate postoperative period. Hydrocortisone administration produced temporary resolution and a cosyntropin-stimulation test confirmed adrenal insufficiency. Because of the presence of an adrenal mass, the preoperative evaluation included a formal endocrinological evaluation. Thus, we were able to document the occurrence of acute postoperative primary adrenal insufficiency. PMID:3944905
Mohler, J L; Flueck, J A; McRoberts, J W
Sulfasalazine reduces inflammatory renal injury in unilateral ureteral obstruction
The purpose of this study was to test whether sulfasalazine has a protective action against interstitial inflammation and\\u000a the development of renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Female rats were subjected to a sham (n?=?10) or unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO, n?=?30). UUO was induced in rats by ligating the left ureter. Three days after operation, rats subjected to UUO were randomized
Savas Demirbilek; Memet Hanefi Emre; Engin Nasuhi Ayd?n; Mehmet Naci Edali; Rauf Tu?rul Aksoy; Melih Ak?n; Kubilay GŘrŘnlŘo?lu; Erkan Tas; Selma Ay; ZŘmrŘt Yilmaz
Wms-r patterns among patients with unilateral brain lesions
The effects of unilateral brain lesions on memory functioning were examined among a sample of 115 patients with well lateralized lesions using the new Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R). Multivariate analysis of the WMS-R age-corrected summary indexes for the patients with right-(n = 56) and left-(n = 59) hemisphere lesions was significant (p<.008), although subsequent univariate comparisons revealed that only the
Gordon J. Chelune; Robert A. Bornstein
Unilateral, Isolated, Paediatric Lightning-Induced Cataract: A Case Report
A six-year-old girl presented with gradual loss of vision in the left eye a year after sustaining a lightning strike while in her home. Examination revealed healed burns to her cheek, left arm, and right leg and a dense left cataract. There was no evidence of other ocular sequelae, and her right eye was normal. Cataract surgery and lens implantation were performed on the left eye with good results. Isolated, unilateral, paediatric cataract due to lightning is discussed.
Rogers, G. J.; Grotte, R.
Prosthesis rejection in children with a unilateral congenital arm defect
Objective: To determine the rate of rejection for prosthetic use in children and to investigate reasons for this rejection.Design: Cross-sectional study of a cohort of children.Setting: Rehabilitation centre, St Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.Subjects: Thirty-two children (0ľ18 years) with a unilateral congenital arm defect who visited the clinic between September 1991 and December 1996.Methods: Parents of all children and 19 children
K Postema; V van der Donk; J van Limbeek; R AJ Rijken; M J Poelma
Beware of "curare cleft" like changes during unilateral capnothorax.
Capnography is a standard monitoring tool during general anaesthesia. Diaphragmatic movement with the weaning of muscle relaxant effect produces the characteristic "curare cleft" on capnography. Various artefacts can mimick this trace intraoperatively. Cautious interpretation and identification of these is essential to avoid any undue overdosing of the patients with muscle relaxants. We report "curare cleft" like artefact during ventilation with a single lumen tube in a patient with unilateral capnothorax undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy. PMID:24132805
Singh, Manila; Chaudhary, Kapil; Uppal, Rajeev; Jain, Sachin
Perioperative outcomes after unilateral and bilateral total knee arthroplasty
Background The safety of bilateral total knee arthroplasties (BTKA) during the same hospitalization remains controversial. We sought to study differences in perioperative outcomes between unilateral and BTKA, and further compare BTKAs performed during the same versus different operations during the same hospitalization. Methods Nationwide Inpatient Sample data from 1998 to 2006 were analyzed. Entries for unilateral and BTKA procedures performed on the same day (simultaneous) and separate days (staged) during the same hospitalization were identified. Patient and health-care system related demographics were determined. The incidence of in-hospital mortality and procedure related complications was estimated and compared between groups. Multivariate regression was used to identify independent risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Results Despite younger average age and lower comorbidity burden, procedure related complications and in-hospital mortality were more frequent after BTKA than after unilateral procedures (9.45% vs. 7.07% and 0.30% vs. 0.14%, P<0.0001 each). An increased rate of complications was associated with a staged versus simultaneous approach with no difference in mortality (10.30% vs. 9.15% (P<0.0001) and 0.29% vs. 0.26% (P=0.2875)). Independent predictors for in-hospital mortality included: BTKA (simultaneous: OR 2.23, CI=[1.69; 2.95], P<0.0001; staged: OR 2.01, CI=[1.28; 3.41], P=0.0031), male gender (OR 2.02, CI=[1.75, 2.34], P<0.0001), age above 75 years (OR 3.96 CI=[2.77, 5.66], P<0.0001), and the presence of a number of comorbidities and complications. Conclusion BTKAs carry increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality compared to unilateral procedures. Staging BTKA procedures during the same hospitalization offers no mortality benefit, and may even expose patients to increased morbidity.
Memtsoudis, Stavros G.; Ma, Yan; Gonzalez Della Valle, Alejandro; Mazumdar, Madhu; Gaber-Baylis, Licia K.; MacKenzie, C. Ronald; Sculco, Thomas P.
Proposal of unilateral single-flux-quantum logic gate
A new type of single flux quantum logic gate is proposed, which can perform unilateral propagation of signal without using three-phase clock. This gate is designed to be built with bridge-type Josephson junctions. A basic logic gate consists of two one-junction interferometers coupled by superconducting interconnecting lines, and the logical states are represented by zero or one quantized fluxoid in
H. Miyake; N. Fukaya; Y. Okabe; T. Sugano
Patient rotation and resolution of unilateral cornual obstruction during hysterosalpingography
ObjectiveUnilateral obstruction of the proximal fallopian tube is identified in 10ľ24% of patients undergoing hysterosalpingography for evaluation of infertility. Upon further testing, this obstruction spontaneously resolves 16ľ80% of the time. We hypothesized that patient rotation during hysterosalpingography might resolve proximal tubal obstruction in some cases by altering either the location of intrauterine air bubbles or the spatial relationship of the
William W Hurd; Erich T Wyckoff; David B Reynolds; Lawrence S Amesse; Jack S Gruber; Gary M Horowitz
Leprosy presenting as unilateral foot drop in an immigrant boy.
This is a case report of a boy who presented with unilateral foot drop approximately 1 year after traumatic injury from skateboarding. Exploratory surgical operation was eventually performed, and histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed leprous peripheral neuropathy of the peroneal nerve. The patient had immigrated from Vietnam to the United States 3 years previously. The occurrence, albeit rare, of this entity in the immigrants from endemic leprosy regions is discussed.
Choe, W.
Anomalous unilateral single pulmonary vein mimicking pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.
Anomalies involving the pulmonary vein are so rare that most of them have been reported as a case or a series of several cases. Some of them often simulate pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM), and patients undergo pulmonary angiography for embolization. Herein we report a case of anomalous unilateral single pulmonary vein that was confirmed on pulmonary angiography after initial diagnosis of pulmonary AVM on contrast medium-enhanced chest computed tomography. PMID:23989502
Hyun, Dongho; Do, Young Soo; Lim, Seong Joo; Park, Hong Suk; Park, Kwang Bo
Unilateral periventricular leukomalacia in association with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency is a major cause of primary lactic acidosis and neurological dysfunction in infancy and early childhood. A deficiency of PDH E1 alpha, a subunit of the PDH complex, is a prominent cause of congenital lactic acidosis. We describe a female infant born at term and delivered by emergency Caesarean section because of fetal distress. There was no parental consanguinity. She presented at 5 months of age with failure to thrive, microcephaly, hypertonia, and developmental impairment. Her plasma and cerebrospinal fluid lactate were raised. She had raised plasma pyruvate with a normal lactate-pyruvate ratio. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a focal dilatation of the right lateral ventricle with unilateral periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) with subependymal cyst. Skin fibroblast culture assay revealed PDH deficiency, confirmed by mutation analysis of the E1 alpha subunit. At 18 months of age, she has hypertonia and global impairment and is making slow progress. Denver II assessment showed delay in gross motor, fine motor, adaptive, personal, social, and language categories. She has been treated with dichloroacetate and a ketogenic diet since the age of 10 and 13 months respectively, without any side effects. To our knowledge, unilateral PVL as a neuroradiological feature has not been described in children with PDH deficiency. PDH deficiency should be considered as a differential diagnosis if PVL is unilateral and if the perinatal history is not typical of PVL. PMID:21895644
Sharma, Ruchi; Sharrard, Mark J; Connolly, Daniel J; Mordekar, Santosh R
Disappearance of unilateral spatial neglect following a simple instruction
OBJECTIVESŚTo clarify the reason why patients with left unilateral spatial neglect fail to copy the left side of a daisy like flower, not continuing to draw petals all around.?METHODSŚA flower was simplified and a figure was made that consisted of a large central circle and small circles surrounding it. Four patients with typical left unilateral spatial neglect performed copying and arrangement tasks to make this figure. In the arrangement task, they were instructed to arrange small circles all around the printed central circle.?RESULTSŚThe patients' identification of the composition seemed flawless. In the copying task, they showed neglect, leaving a space on the left side. They seemed to adhere to their plan to place the same number of small circles as those of the model figure. By contrast, neglect disappeared in the arrangement task.?CONCLUSIONŚPatients with neglect can draw the figure satisfactorily if they use a spatial strategy to arrange small circles all around. This strategy seems to improve motivation for drawing and awareness for the left space. It is considered that in the copying of figures such as a daisy, failure to use a spatial strategy plays an important part in the appearance of left unilateral spatial neglect.??
Ishiai, S.; Seki, K.; Koyama, Y.; Izumi, Y.
JAMA Patient Page: Bone Fractures
Ring Fixator With Pins and Wires Intramedullary Nail Cast Internal Fixation External Fixation Simple Fracture, Displaced Comminuted Fracture Simple Fracture, Undisplaced Long-Leg Plaster Cast Types of Treatment for Bone Fractures B O ...
Collateral ligament laxity of the knee. Long-term comparison between plateau fractures and normal.
Bilateral varus-valgus knee-stress roentgenograms were made in 208 patients with unilateral single tibial-plateau fracture. Martin's so-called clear space was used to measure the laxity of the collateral ligaments and statistical analysis showed no increased laxity in the possibility injured ligaments. A vacuum phenomenon was produced in 36 per cent and ligament calcification was noted in 16 per cent of the knees tested. PMID:932058
Moore, T M; Meyers, M H; Harvey, J P
... fracture will not need to stay in a cast for as long as an adult fracture would ... disrupted bone growth. Ľ Many can be treated with cast immobilization but surgical treatment may be necessary. If ...
... op130103 Last reviewed: 5/2/2008 1 Fractures And Sprains A fracture occurs when any one of ... by your doctor using special instruments. Immobilization Expectations And Precautions To help improve your recovery, you need ...
Radiographic evaluation of calcaneal fractures: to measure or not to measure
ObjectiveááThe aim of this study was to correlate the functional outcome after treatment for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture\\u000a with plain radiography.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a DesignááThe design was a prognostic study of a retrospective cohort with concurrent follow-up.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a PatientsááA total of 33 patients with a unilateral calcaneal fracture and a minimum follow-up of 13ámonths participated. Patients filled\\u000a in three disease-specific questionnaires, graded their satisfaction
T. Schepers; A. Z. Ginai; P. G. H. Mulder; P. Patka
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Kane Fracture Zone probably is better covered by geophysical survey data, acquired both by design and incidentally, than any other fracture zone in the North Atlantic Ocean. We have used this data to map the basement morphology of the fracture zone an...
B. E. Tucholke H. Schouten
Stress fractures: Current concepts
1. Stress fractures result from muscular activity on bones rather than from direct impact upon them. 2. The fatigue variety of stress fracture occurs in normal bone when abnormal muscular tension or torsion is placed upon it. 3. The insufficiency type of stress fracture results when normal muscular stress is placed upon a bone with deficient elastic resistance. 4. Most
Richard H. Daffner
Common Undiagnosed Appendicular Fractures
Family physicians working in the emergency room or assessing acutely injured patients in the office often must assess radiographs of suspected fractures. Many common fractures are difficult to diagnose with plain film radiography. This article focuses on some commonly undiagnosed fractures, with illustrations. ImagesFigures 1-2Figures 3-5Figures 6-7Figures 8-9Figure 10
McLennan, Michael K.; Rubenstein, Joel; Howard, Brian
A tooth can be chipped or fractured during an accident or a bad fall. A tooth that is chipped or not badly fractured can usually be handled on a nonemergency basis. A tooth that is badly fractured may have exposed nerve ...
Fracture Education in Engineering.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fracture mechanics is a multidisciplinary topic which is being introduced to undergraduate engineering students in such courses as materials engineering. At a recent Conference on Fracture held at the University of Waterloo, a session was devoted to fracture education. Some of the ideas presented at that session are included and discussed here.ů
Sidey, D.; And Others
[Unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis in the adult: Epidemiology, symptoms, physiopathology and treatment].
In France, the main causes for unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis in the adult patient are surgery and malignant tumors. Most of unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis following thyroid surgery will recover within the first six postoperative months. At the time of unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis, swallowing impairment and dyspnea occur in around 30% and 5% of cases, respectively. In the face of a unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis occurring without a history of trauma of surgery, the main paraclinical examination to perform is a computed laryngeal nerve examination analyzing the whole length of the nerve involved. Speech therapy efficiency is related to the degree of severity of the symptoms related to unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis. In the vast majority of cases, laryngeal medialization approaches improve dysphonia and swallowing impairment related to unilateral laryngeal paralysis, but not dyspnea. PMID:24525308
Laccourreye, Ollivier; Malinvaud, David; MÚnard, Madeleine; Bonfils, Pierre
Displaced fractures of the calcaneous are relatively common injuries that remain a treatment enigma. Virtually all aspects of the management of calcaneal fractures are a source of debate. Contemporary imaging, reduction, and fixation techniques attempt to improve the long term results of these injuries. The complex fracture fragments displace in predictable patterns. Meticulous surgical technique, restoration of extra- and intra-articular anatomy, and obtaining rigid fracture fixation are critical to obtaining satisfactory operative results. This article extensively reviews the controversies and summarizes the current opinions in the management of displaced calcaneal fractures. PMID:11832325
Barei, David P; Bellabarba, Carlo; Sangeorzan, Bruce J; Benirschke, Stephen K
This study was undertaken in order to document and analyze the unique set of data on subsurface fracture characteristics, especially spacing, provided by the US Department of Energy's Slant Hole Completion Test well (SHCT-1) in the Piceance Basin, Colorado. Two hundred thirty-six (236) ft (71.9 m) of slant core and 115 ft (35.1 m) of horizontal core show irregular, but remarkably close, spacings for 72 natural fractures cored in sandstone reservoirs of the Mesaverde Group. Over 4200 ft (1280 m) of vertical core (containing 275 fractures) from the vertical Multiwell Experiment wells at the same location provide valuable information on fracture orientation, termination, and height, but only data from the SHCT-1 core allow calculations of relative fracture spacing. Within the 162-ft (49-m) thick zone of overlapping core from the vertical and deviated wellbores, only one fracture is present in vertical core whereas 52 fractures occur in the equivalent SHCT-1 core. The irregular distribution of regional-type fractures in these heterogeneous reservoirs suggests that measurements of average fracture spacing'' are of questionable value as direct input parameters into reservoir engineering models. Rather, deviated core provides data on the relative degree of fracturing, and confirms that cross fractures can be rare in the subsurface. 13 refs., 11 figs.
Lorenz, J.C. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (USA)); Hill, R.E. (CER Corp., Las Vegas, NV (USA))
Incidental diagnosis of unilateral renal and adnexal agenesis in a 46-year-old multiparous woman
Patient: Female, 46 Final Diagnosis: Unilateral adneksial and renal agenesis Symptoms: Menometrorrhagia Medication: Ś Clinical Procedure: Total abdominal hysterectomy and unilateral salphingoopherectomy Specialty: Obstetrics and gynecology Objective: Rare disease Background: Unilateral renal and adnexal agenesis is quite rare. Absence of any uterine abnormality accompanying current urogenital abnormalities is even rarer. Case Report: We report on the case of a 46-year-old multiparous woman, incidentally diagnosed to have unilateral renal, ovarian, and tubal agenesis just before hysterectomy due to menometrorrhagia and myoma uteri. Conclusions: Any diagnosis of a urogenital abnormality necessitates investigation of comorbid renal or genital abnormalities.
Gursoy, Asl? Yarc?; Akdemir, Nermin; Hamurcu, Ugur; Gozukucuk, Murat
Unilateral Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Tonsil Cancer
Purpose: To assess, through a retrospective review, clinical outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil treated at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center with unilateral radiotherapy techniques that irradiate the involved tonsil region and ipsilateral neck only. Methods and Materials: Of 901 patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil treated with radiotherapy at our institution, we identified 102 that were treated using unilateral radiotherapy techniques. All patients had their primary site of disease restricted to the tonsillar fossa or anterior pillar, with <1 cm involvement of the soft palate. Patients had TX (n = 17 patients), T1 (n = 52), or T2 (n = 33) disease, with Nx (n = 3), N0 (n = 33), N1 (n = 23), N2a (n = 21), or N2b (n = 22) neck disease. Results: Sixty-one patients (60%) underwent diagnostic tonsillectomy before radiotherapy. Twenty-seven patients (26%) underwent excision of a cervical lymph node or neck dissection before radiotherapy. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 38 months. Locoregional control at the primary site and ipsilateral neck was 100%. Two patients experienced contralateral nodal recurrence (2%). The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 95% and 96%, respectively. The 5-year freedom from contralateral nodal recurrence rate was 96%. Nine patients required feeding tubes during therapy. Of the 2 patients with contralateral recurrence, 1 experienced an isolated neck recurrence and was salvaged with contralateral neck dissection only and remains alive and free of disease. The other patient presented with a contralateral base of tongue tumor and involved cervical lymph node, which may have represented a second primary tumor, and died of disease. Conclusions: Unilateral radiotherapy for patients with TX-T2, N0-N2b primary tonsil carcinoma results in high rates of disease control, with low rates of contralateral nodal failure and a low incidence of acute toxicity requiring gastrostomy.
Chronowski, Gregory M., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States); Garden, Adam S.; Morrison, William H.; Frank, Steven J. [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States); Schwartz, David L. [Department of Radiation Medicine, Long Island Jewish Hospital (United States); Shah, Shalin J.; Beadle, Beth M.; Gunn, G. Brandon [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States); Kupferman, Michael E. [Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States); Ang, Kian K.; Rosenthal, David I. [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States)
The rare, unilateral headaches. Vňgň studyof headache epidemiology
In the Vňgň study of\\u000a headache epidemiology, 1838\\u000a parishioners in the age group\\u000a 18ľ65 years were included (88.6%\\u000a of the relevant population). Each\\u000a individual was questioned in a\\u000a face-to-face situation. In this population,\\u000a a search of rare unilateral\\u000a headaches was also made, in spite\\u000a of their presumed rarity.\\u000a Trigeminal neuralgia was present\\u000a in two cases. Two individuals with\\u000a SUNCT traits
Ottar Sjaastad; Leiv S. Bakketeig
Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma: a rare cause of unilateral proptosis.
This is case of a young girl who presented with unilateral proptosis. Imaging (CT & MRI) revealed an expansile lytic bony tumour involving the left frontal bone and orbital roof. The globe was displaced but uninvolved. Complete surgical resection was done and histopathology revealed psammomatoid bodies diagnostic of juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF). JPOF is a rare bone tumour characterised by a predilection for the sino-nasal tract and orbit, a tendency to affect younger patients, a potential for aggressive growth and a high recurrence rate of 30-50%. It warrants a complete surgical resection to avoid recurrence. PMID:22689605
Tandon, Rajesh; Tandon, Anupama; Abrari, Andleeb; Chandrashekhar, M; Das, Poonam; Bansal, Bhavna
Unilateral Negative Myoclonus Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis
Various neurologic manifestations of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis have been reported on the literatures. Chorea, ballism, choreoathetosis and myoclonus were reported as movement disorders which might be related with brain lesion by HSV encephalitis, but negative myoclonus (NM) has never been reported before. NM can be characterized as a shock-like involuntary jerky movement caused by a sudden, brief interruption of muscle activity. We experienced a case of HSV encephalitis with NM in unilateral arm and leg. In polygraphic monitoring, electroencephalography (EMG) silent periods are 50ľ250 ms in duration with no detectable EMG correlate.
Park, Jin-Mo; Park, Jin-Sung; Kim, Yong-Won; Lee, Ho-Won; Lee, Da-In; Park, Sung-Pa; Song, Hyun Seok
Metabolic effects of unilateral orchiectomy on the guinea pig testis.
Six months after unilateral orchiectomy, there was a significant increase in the RNA and DNA content of contralateral testes as compared with the testes of age-matched normal guinea pigs. The ratio of RNA to DNA was not affected by orchiectomy, suggesting that the compensatory growth was secondary to hyperplasia rather than hypertrophy. Tritiated thymidine uptake by the contralateral testis was elevated at 2 weeks and 2,4 and 6 months after orchiectomy, confirming that increased metabolic activity occurred in the remaining testis after hemicastration. PMID:832731
Noller, D W; Howards, S S; Panko, W
Unilateral cacosmia: a presentation of maxillary fungal infestation.
We present a case of long-standing unilateral cacosmia in a healthy 67-year-old man due to maxillary fungal infestation. Treatment with septoplasty had been attempted 10 years prior but no further investigation or management undertaken and symptoms continued. Subsequent MRI scan revealed significant opacification of the left maxillary sinus. This was readily amenable to treatment by balloon sinuplasty. This yielded viscous grey mucus which grew Scedosporium apiospermum. The case highlights the need for careful investigation of olfactory symptoms, including blood tests to exclude systemic causes, endoscopy and imaging where indicated. PMID:23563684
Erskine, Sally E; Schelenz, Silke; Philpott, Carl M
Unilateral superior pellucid marginal degeneration in a case with ichthyosis.
A 47-year-old man with ichthyosis vulgaris presented to our hospital complaining of reduced visual acuity and ocular discomfort in the left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed a thinning about 2mm from the superior limbus and superficial punctate corneal lesions in the left eyes. Corneal topography was 'butterfly-like' in an area of increased elevation in the left eye. Although ichthyosis vulgaris and unilateral superior pellucid marginal degeneration are both uncommon conditions, this is first report about these two conditions in studied together. PMID:21084217
Dundar, Huseyin; Kara, Necip; Kaya, Vedat; Bozkurt, Ercument; Yazici, Ahmet Taylan; Hekimhan, Pelin Kaynak
Unilateral painful, swollen and erythematosus knee. Case report.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) is gaining an increasing role in the assessment of a variegate set of joint and periarticular soft tissues abnormalities in rheumatology. In addition, US represents a useful technique in guiding local procedures such as aspiration of fluid collections and injections within the joints and periarticular musculoskeletal structures. We recently performed US in a patient with unilateral painful, swollen and erythematosus knee. Pre-patellar bursitis was demonstrated, without any signs of intra-articular abnormalities. US-guided aspiration of local effusion was performed; synovial fluid analysis demonstrated septic bursitis. Appropriate treatment determined the complete remission. PMID:22957333
Iagnocco, Annamaria; Vavala, Caterina; Scirocco, Chiara; Rutigliano, Iolanda Maria; Gattamelata, Angelica; Valesini, Guido
A Case of Narcolepsy with Strictly Unilateral Cataplexy
I report a case of a 50-year-old African American woman who presented for a sleep medicine evaluation complaining of excessive daytime sleepiness of greater than 10 years' duration. She reported falling asleep while driving, talking with friends, and eating. Her Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 21/24. Her history was positive for the presence of sleep paralysis. She denied visual or auditory hallucinations in the peri-sleep period. Citation: McCarty DE. A case of narcolepsy with strictly unilateral cataplexy. J Clin Sleep Med 2010;6(1):75-76.
McCarty, David E.
Unilateral brain oedema related to focal status epilepticus.
We present a female patient in her late 30s, with baseline vegetative state following prior traumatic brain injury, who presented with prolonged right hemispheric status epilepticus. The neuroimaging revealed a striking right-sided pancortical oedema with left (crossed) cerebellar diaschisis and dilation of right hemispheric arteries. EEG was concordant and showed nearly continuous right hemispheric seizure discharges with suppressed background. Infective and vascular aetiologies were ruled out. The patient showed clinical and electrographic improvement following treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Unilateral cerebral oedema is a rare presentation of focal status epilepticus, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the appropriate clinical scenario. PMID:24334523
Ali, Noura Abdulwahid; Palat Chirakkara, Sudhir Kumar; Reddy, Jagan Jinna; Sinha, Shobhit
Fibromuscular dysplasia of the brachial artery associated with unilateral clubbing
A 46-year old male patient was admitted with a history of an extremely painful right upper arm, associated with unilateral clubbing. Duplex scanning and magnetic resonance imaging were suggestive of a pseudo-aneurysm of the brachial artery. Digital angiography showed an irregular brachial artery, associated with a small pseudo-aneurysm. The brachial artery was partially resected and reconstructed with a venous interposition graft. Pathological examination provided the final diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia. Although more encountered in women, this case report describes the occurrence of fibromuscular dysplasia in an unusual location in a male patient with a long-term follow-up.
De Waele, Michele; Lauwers, Patrick; Hendriks, Jeroen; Van Schil, Paul
Vascular corticobasal syndrome caused by unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion.
A 65-year-old man developed progressive worsening of right-sided limb-kinetic apraxia and extrapyramidal dysfunction. His left internal carotid artery was found to be occluded, and there was general atrophy and severely decreased cerebral blood flow in the left hemisphere. He had experienced an acute infarction in the left watershed area before superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass surgery. After surgery, the cerebral blood flow in the left hemisphere was remarkably improved. Unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion may result in clinical manifestations similar to corticobasal degeneration. PMID:22938697
Miyaji, Yosuke; Koyama, Kazuo; Kurokawa, Takashi; Mitomi, Mutsumi; Suzuki, Yume; Kuroiwa, Yoshiyuki
Unilateral coronal craniosynostosis in Abraham Lincoln and his family.
Premature closure of one coronal skull suture produces a characteristic arching or relative elevation of the superior orbital rim on the involved side. This sign is associated with facial asymmetry, and both signs are usually the most conspicuous features in patients with mild unilateral coronal craniosynostosis. Photographs suggest that at least 9 individuals over 5 generations of the Abraham Lincoln family had premature closure of 1 coronal suture. In 8 males, there was involvement of the left side; in 1 female, there was involvement of the right side. PMID:20856045
Fishman, Ronald S
Isolated Unilateral Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy Due to Vertebral Artery Dissection
We report the case of a patient with unilateral tongue weakness secondary to an isolated lower motor neuron hypoglossal nerve palsy that was caused by a right vertebral artery dissection in the lower neck. The patient had a boggy tongue with a deviation to the right side but an otherwise normal neurological examination. Magnetic resonance angiography showed a narrow lumen of the right vertebral artery in the neck. After initially treating the patient with aspirin in the emergency room and later with warfarin for three months, there was complete recanalization of the right vertebral artery. Only one other case of vertebral artery dissection and twelfth nerve palsy has been reported before.
Mahadevappa, Karthik; Chacko, Thomas; Nair, Anil K.
Unilateral electronegative ERG in a presumed central retinal artery occlusion
A unilateral electronegative electroretinogram (ERG) was seen in a 94-year-old man with presumed central retinal artery occlusion. Goldmann perimetry revealed central scotoma in the right eye and no abnormalities in the left eye. Full-field ERG in the right eye described a reduction of the b-wave with a relative preservation of the a-wave which is characteristic of electronegative ERG. Hence, our case illustrates that ERG testing is essential for the work-up of individuals with suspected retinal vascular disorders.
Lima, Luiz H; Cella, Wener; Brue, Claudia; Tsang, Stephen H
Eye Socket Fracture (Fracture of the Orbit)
... impact to the face, most commonly by an automobile dashboard or steering wheel during a car crash. ... such as a baseball, a fist or an automobile dashboard. Direct orbital floor fracture. If an orbital ...
Pediatric supracondylar fractures and pediatric physeal elbow fractures.
Elbow fractures in children are extremely common, making up approximately 15% of all fractures in pediatric patients. The unique radiographic anatomy of the pediatric elbow, along with the potential for neurovascular compromise, often provokes anxiety in orthopedic surgeons. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and treatment principles makes the care for these children more straightforward, however. The distal humerus makes up approximately 85% of all elbow fractures in children. The most common fractures of the distal humerus in children are supracondylar humerus fractures, lateral condyle fractures, medial epicondyle fractures, and transphyseal humerus fractures. Each of these fractures is discussed in detail, outlining their radiographic features, principles of treatment, and potential complications. PMID:18374807
Shrader, M Wade
Gait pattern differences in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often have atypical body posture patterns and abnormal gait patterns resulting from functional strategies to compensate for primary anomalies that are directly attributable to damage to the central nervous system. Our previous study revealed two different postural patterns in children with unilateral CP: (1) a pattern with overloading of the affected body side and (2) a pattern with under-loading of the affected side. The purpose of present study was to test whether different gait patterns dependent on weight distribution between the affected and unaffected body sides could be detected in these children. The study included 45 outpatients with unilateral CP and 51 children with mild scoliosis (reference group). The examination consisted of two inter-related parts: paedobarographic measurements of the body mass distribution between the body sides and three-dimensional instrumented gait analysis. Using cluster analysis based on the Gillette Gait Index (GGI) values, three gait patterns were described: a scoliotic gait pattern and two hemiplegic gait patterns, corresponding to overloading/under-loading of the hemi-side, which are the pro-gravitational gait pattern (PGP) and the anti-gravitational gait pattern (AGP), respectively. The results of this study showed that subjects with AGP presented a higher degree of deviation from the normal gait than children with PGP. This proof that there are differences in the GGI between the AGP and PGP could be a starting point to identify kinematic differences between these gaits in a follow-up study. PMID:24946266
Szopa, Andrzej; Domagalska-Szopa, Ma?gorzata; Czamara, Andrzej
Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for unilateral acoustic neuromas
Objective:To evaluate the clinical results achievable using current techniques of gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery to treat sporadic unilateral acoustic neuromas. Methods:A retrospective review of 234 consecutive patients treated for unilateral acoustic neuromas between 1996 and 1999, with a mean (SD) follow up of 35 (16) months. Tumour control was assessed with serial radiological imaging and by the need for surgical intervention. Hearing preservation was assessed using Gardner-Robertson grades. Details of complications including cranial neuropathies and non-specific vestibulo-cochlear symptoms are included. Results:A tumour control rate in excess of 92% was achieved, with only 3% of patients undergoing surgery after radiosurgery. Results were less good for larger tumours, but control rates of 75% were achieved for 35ľ45 mm diameter lesions. Of patients with discernible hearing, Gardner-Robertson grades were unchanged in 75%. Facial nerve function was adversely affected in 4.5%, but fewer than 1% of patients had persistent weakness. Trigeminal symptoms improved in 3%, but developed in 5% of patients, being persistent in less than 1.5%. Transient non-specific vestibulo-cochlear symptoms were reported by 13% of patients. Conclusions:Tumour control rates, while difficult to define, are comparable after radiosurgery with those experienced after surgery. The complications and morbidity after radiosurgery are far less frequent than those encountered after surgery. This, combined with its minimally invasive nature, may make radiosurgery increasingly the treatment of choice for small and medium sized acoustic neuromas.
Rowe, J; Radatz, M; Walton, L; Hampshire, A; Seaman, S; Kemeny, A
Unilateral peripheral neuropathic pain: The role of neurodiagnostic skin biopsy
According to the current definition of neuropathic pain (ôpain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory systemö), the demonstration of a lesion or disease involving the somatosensory system is mandatory for the diagnosis of definite neuropathic pain. Although several methods are currently available for this aim, none is suitable for every type of disease (or lesion). Neurodiagnostic skin biopsy (NSB) is a relatively new technique for the diagnosis of peripheral nerve lesions. It is an objective method, completely independent from the patientĺs complaining, based on immunohistochemical staining techniques that allow measurement of the density of the epidermal nerve fibers, currently considered the free nerve endings of small diameter (A-delta and C) afferent fibers. NSB has the important property of being used to investigate the skin, allowing obtaining a diagnosis of small fiber axonal neuropathy of peripheral nerves supplying every body part covered by skin. This feature appears to be very important, particularly in cases of unilateral nerve lesions, because it allows going beyond the possibilities of neurophysiological tests which are available only for a limited number of peripheral nerves. All these characteristics make NSB a precious instrument for the diagnosis of peripheral unilateral neuropathic pain.
Buonocore, Michelangelo
Laparoscopic Excision of Endometriosis May Require Unilateral Parametrectomy
Objective: We investigated the effects of laparoscopic excision of endometriosis with unilateral parametrectomy on bladder, rectal, and sexual function as well as patient satisfaction. Methods: Women who underwent this procedure between February 1, 2006 and November 15, 2007 were enrolled. Patient characteristics, pre- and postoperative findings, and follow-up data were retrospectively collected from a computerized database. Results: Twelve patients were enrolled in the study. All of the symptoms except dysuria improved after surgery, worsening long after the operation. It seems that all parameters including sexuality, micturition, and defecation are equally important in regards to the final judgement of satisfaction, with a trend towards amelioration long after the operation. Conclusions: Unilateral parametrectomy may offer successful results in terms of patient satisfaction despite some impairment in bladder, bowel, and sexual function. The risk of permanent functional impairment is high; therefore, surgeons need to maintain the integrity of the contralateral nerve pathway. This is highly important, because pain relief seems to be partially involved in the final judgement of postoperation satisfaction.
Mereu, L.; Indraccolo, U.; Favero, R.; Fiaccavento, A.; Zaccoletti, R.; Clarizia, R.; Barbieri, F.
Apparatus for unilateral generation of a homogeneous magnetic field
This patent describes an apparatus for generating within a selected volume a magnetic field having a uniform strength to a selected tolerance, comprising: a first electromagnet coil having a first number of turns N/sub 1/ at a first radius R/sub 1/ with a center of the first coil spaced axially a first distance from the selected volume; a second electromagnet coil axially concentric with and parallel to the first coil and having a second number of turns N/sub 2/ at a second radius R/sub 2/ greater than R/sub 1/ and spaced unilateral of the volume with the first coil a second distance greater than the first distance from the selected volume. The first radius and first distance and the second radius and second distance is functionally related to enable the first and second electromagnet coils to produce first and second electromagnet coils to produce first and second magnetic fields, respectively, having substantially linear gradients within the selected volume. N/sub 1/ and N/sub 2/ are effective when energized with predetermined first and second currents, respectively, to produce equal and opposite gradients of the respective first and second magnetic fields in the unilateral volume and a net magnetic field having a strength within the selected volume effective for nuclear magnetic resonance determinations.
Fukushima, E.; Rath, A.R.; Roeder, S.B.
Unilateral linear lichen planus with mucous membrane involvement.
Linear lichen planus is a rare distinctive variant of lichen planus (LP) characterized by a pruritic eruption of lichenoid, violaceous papules in a linear distribution that sometimes assume a Blaschko line pattern. We describe a 33-year-old woman who presented with a 4-month history of a slightly pruritic unilateral linear array of papular lesions on the left side of her neck that were clinically and histologically consistent with linear LP. Two months after the onset of her skin disease she developed typical lesions with a lacy white pattern on the left lateral aspect of her tongue and the left buccal mucosa with a striking predominance for the left side. Clinically the lesions on the patient's neck were similar to lichen striatus or lichenoid epidermal naevus, a variant of linear verrucous epidermal naevus. However, the histological features and the fact that later in the course of her disease the patient developed typical LP of the oral mucosa suggest that this patient has the rare condition of linear LP with unilateral restriction. PMID:10228636
Hartl, C; Steen, K H; Wegner, H; Seifert, H W; Bieber, T
Some attentional effects of unilateral frontal lesions in the rat.
Visual learning, sensory neglect and motor behaviour were studied in rats with unilateral lesions of anteromedial (AM) or dorsolateral (DL) frontal cortex. The purpose was to determine whether the principal features of the syndrome seen after unilateral frontal eye field lesions in primates appear in the rat. In the first two experiments, rats were trained on a visual discrimination using shock avoidance. AM lesions greatly prolonged choice latency but did not increase errors, and this held both for binocular performance and for monocular performance with the contralateral eye. One group of AM-lesion animals was postoperatively maintained in the dark, and their latencies, binocular and monocular, did not differ from the DL controls. Thus, deprivation of visual experience prevented the effects of the AM lesion. The second experiment used simple sensory stimuli to test for visual, auditory and tactile neglect. Ipsiversive circling was also investigated. All rats with AM lesions neglected contralaterally and circled in the first postoperative week. Recovery was underway by the second week and complete in three weeks. The animals were trained preoperatively on a conditioned avoidance problem in which shock was signalled from various points in the visual field. Tested postoperatively, the AM-lesion rats avoided normally. The findings of the two experiments strongly suggest that the functions of AM cortex in the rat are similar to those of the frontal eye field in primates. This cortical region appears to be part of a system which prominently includes the superior colliculus and serves attentional/orienting functions. PMID:7126323
Crowne, D P; Pathria, M N
Efficacy of Progesterone following a Moderate Unilateral Cortical Contusion Injury
Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in an accumulation of edema and loss of brain tissue. Progesterone (PROG) has been reported to reduce edema and cortical tissue loss in a bilateral prefrontal cortex injury. This study tests the hypothesis that PROG is neuroprotective following a unilateral parietal cortical contusion injury (CCI). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a moderate unilateral TBI using the CCI model. Rats were given 8?mg/kg PROG 15?min post-injury with four subsequent injections (6?h, and days 1, 2, and 3). Edema was determined 3 days post-injury, while cortical tissue sparing was also evaluated at 7 days post-injury. Animals were injured and given one of four treatments: (I) vehicle; (II) low dose: 8?mg/kg PROG; (III) high dose: 16?mg/kg PROG; (IV) tapered: 8?mg/kg PROG. Animals were given an initial injection within 15?min, followed by five injections (6?h, and days 1, 2, 3, and 4). Group IV received two additional injections (4?mg/kg on day 5; 2?mg/kg on day 6). PROG failed to alter both cortical edema and tissue sparing at any dose. Failure to modify two major sequelae associated with TBI brings into question the clinical usefulness of PROG as an effective treatment for all types of brain injury.
Gilmer, Lesley K.; Roberts, Kelly N.
Unilateral facial myokymia in a dog with an intracranial meningioma.
A 23-month-old castrated male Cavalier King Charles spaniel was evaluated because of a 6-month history of unusual rippling/undulating movements of the right facial muscles that were continuous and persisted during sleep. Neurological examination revealed narrowing of the right palpebral fissure and unilateral right-sided facial myokymia that was characterised by myokymic, and to a lesser degree, neuromyotonic discharges on concentric needle electromyographic examination. After persisting unchanged for almost 2.5 years from its onset, the facial myokymia gradually disappeared over a 6-month period concomitant with the emergence of a persistent ipsilateral facial paralysis and head tilt. At 5 years and 9 months after the first examination, signs of ipsilateral lacrimal, pharyngeal and laryngeal dysfunction became evident and the dog was euthanased. Postmortem examination identified a malignant (WHO grade III) meningioma in the right cerebellopontomedullary angle that compressed the ventrolateral cranial medulla, effaced the jugular foramen and internal acoustic meatus and extended into the facial canal of the petrous temporal bone. Novel findings were the unique observation of isolated unilateral facial myokymia preceding diagnosis of a meningioma affecting facial nerve function within the caudal cranial fossa and the remarkably long duration of neurological signs (75 months) attributable to the neoplasm. PMID:20726972
Holland, C T; Holland, J T; Rozmanec, M
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Natural opening-mode fractures commonly fall upon a spectrum whose end-members are veins, which have wide ranges of sizes and are mostly or thoroughly cemented, and joints, which have little opening displacement and little or no cement. The vein end-member is common in metamorphic rocks, whose high temperature and pressure of formation place them outside typical reservoir settings; conversely, many uncemented joints likely form near the surface and so too have limited relevance to subsurface exploration. Sampling of cores retrieved from tight-gas sandstone reservoirs suggest that it is intermediate fractures, not true joints or veins, that provide natural porosity and permeability. Such fractures have abundant pore space among fracture-bridging cements, which may hold fractures open despite varying states of stress through time. Thus the more sophisticated our understanding of the processes that form veins and joints, i.e., how natural fracturing varies by depth, the better our ability to predict intermediate fractures. Systematic differences between veins and joints, in terms of size-scaling and lateral and stratigraphic spatial arrangement, have been explained in the literature by the mechanical effects of sedimentary layering, which likely exert more control over fracture patterns at shallower depths. Thus stratabound joints commonly have narrow size ranges and regular spacing; non-stratabound veins have a wide range of sizes and spacings. However, new fieldwork and careful literature review suggest that the effects of mechanical layering are only half the story. Although atypical, veins may be highly stratabound and yet spatially clustered; non-stratabound fractures may nonetheless feature narrow size ranges. These anomalous fracture arrangements are better explained by the presence of precipitating cements during fracture opening than by mechanical layering. Cement is thought to be highly important for fracture permeability, but potential effects of synkinematic cement on fracture size and spacing have been largely overlooked. Such effects are currently poorly understood, but numerical models of fracture widening amid precipitating cements can replicate observed size-scaling patterns. Synkinematic fracture-bridging cements can also potentially account for irregular fracture spacing in stratabound fracture arrays.
Hooker, John; Laubach, Stephen
Calcaneal Fractures in Diabetic Patients
We would like to present 23 calcaneal fractures in 22 patients of whom 21 had type I diabetes mellitus. There appear to be three basic fracture types: (1) a superiorly displaced extra-articular avulsion fracture of the posterior calcaneus (or Iowa fracture), which occurred in 12 patients (five men, seven women); (2) a mid-calcaneal compression fracture in six patients (four men,
Laura J Hedlund; Daniel D Maki; Harry J Griffiths
The Kane Fracture Zone probably is better covered by geophysical survey data, acquired both by design and incidentally, than\\u000a any other fracture zone in the North Atlantic Ocean. We have used this data to map the basement morphology of the fracture\\u000a zone and the adjacent crust for nearly 5700 km, from near Cape Hatteras to the middle of the Mesozoic
Brian E. Tucholke; Hans Schouten
Dynamic quantized fracture mechanics
A new quantum action-based theory, dynamic quantized fracture mechanics (DQFM), is presented that modifies continuum-based\\u000a dynamic fracture mechanics (DFM). The crack propagation is assumed as quantized in both space and time. The static limit case\\u000a corresponds to quantized fracture mechanics (QFM), that we have recently developed to predict the strength of nanostructures.\\u000a DQFM predicts the well-known forbidden strength and crack
N. M. Pugno; R. S. Ruoff
Proximal Humeral Fractures: Nailing
Treating proximal humeral fractures surgically has always been a challenge for the orthopaedic trauma surgeon. The challenge\\u000a was and is due to numerous factors such as the specific anatomy of the proximal humerus, problems of an adequate approach\\u000a and exposure of the fracture and different fracture fragments, possible iatrogenic injuries to the rotator cuff on approach\\u000a and the detrimental effects
Johannes Maria Rueger; Andreas RŘcker; Daniel Briem; Lars Grossterlinden; Wolfgang Linhart
\\u000a Fractures around the hip joint result from violent force such as high-energy trauma or less frequently in association with\\u000a pathological conditions [1]. Femoral neck fracture as an atypical presentation of child abuse has also been presented recently\\u000a [2]. The overall incidence of femoral neck fractures in children is less than 1% [3]. They occur in children of all ages,\\u000a but
Peter W. Engelhardt
Evaluation of a Contralateral Biopsy Specimen in Prostate Cancer Patients with Unilateral Suspicious Lesions
Introduction: In patients with a clinically unilateral palpable and\\/or visible lesion confined to the prostate on digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography, the findings of biopsy specimens of a clinically unsuspicious lobe do not reflect TNM staging results (2002 classification). In patients with such a unilateral lesion, we compared the biopsy results of a clinically unsuspicious lobe with the pathological
Naotaka Sakamoto; Satoshi Ohtsubo; Takurou Masaki; Atsushi Iguchi; Morishige Takeshita
Predictors of contralateral breast cancer in patients with unilateral breast cancer undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy
BACKGROUND: Although contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) reduced the risk of contralateral breast cancer in unilateral breast cancer patients, it was difficult to predict which patients were most likely to benefit from the procedure. The objective of this study was to identify the clinicopathologic factors that predict contralateral breast cancer and thereby inform decisions regarding performing CPM in unilateral breast cancer
Min Yi; Funda Meric-Bernstam; Lavinia P. Middleton; Banu K. Arun; Isabelle Bedrosian; Gildy V. Babiera; Rosa F. Hwang; Henry M. Kuerer; Wei Yang; Kelly K. Hunt
A Magnetoencephalographic Study of Sensorimotor Activity Differences during Unilateral and Bilateral Forearm Movements
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This study compared activation of the sensorimotor area using magnetoencephalography after unilateral and bilateral movements. Thirteen healthy individuals and a patient with mild hemiplegia performed unilateral and bilateral forearm pronation movements. Among healthy participants, there were no significant differences in motor-evoked field duringů
Nakagawa, Kei
Virtual Environment Training System for Rehabilitation Of Stroke Patients with Unilateral Neglect
In this paper, we propose a system for rehabilitation of stroke patients with unilateral neglect by using technology of virtual reality and evaluate this system in two ways: to be suitable and be effective to unilateral neglect. The proposed system is designed to compensate contralateral visual site by training patients to pay attention to the contralateral visual site. This system
Jaehun Kim; Kwanguk Kim; Jeonghun Ku; Kiwan Han; Won Hyek Chang; Deog Young Kim; Jang Han Lee; Sun I. Kim; In Y. Kim
Unilateral relationship enhancement in the treatment of spouses of uncooperative alcohol abusers
This article presents the conceptualization of unilateral relationship enhancement (URE) and a URE treatment program developed for use with the spouses of alcohol abusers unmotivated to enter treatment. Enhancing the marital relationship through a unilateral program is described as an important step in the preparation of the spouse to function as a positive rehabilitative influence with his or her alcohol-abusing
Edwin J. Thomas; Kathryn Betts Adams; Marianne R. Yoshioka; Richard D. Ager
A functional MRI investigation of bilateral cortical activation during unilateral voluntary motor activity and electromyostimulation
It is known that chronic unilateral motor activity or electromyostimulation (EMS) may result in bilateral adaptation, a phenomenon termed cross education. One of the hypotheses for the potential mechanisms of cross education is an adaptation caused by bilateral cortical coactivation during unilateral voluntary exercise. Whether EMS induced cross education involves bilateral cortical activation is unknown. This study aimed to examine
Liping Huang; Shi Zhou; Xia Li; Q. Zhang; Yunting Zhang; Longjun Cao; Yongjun Wang
Effect of unilateral electro-acupuncture on function of ipsilateral and contralateral tibialis anterior muscle
AIMS: It is known that unilateral resistance exercise or electromyostimulation training can increase muscular strength not only in the trained limb, but also in the homologous muscle of the contralateral limb. The principle of using unilateral therapy to treat conditions of the contralateral limb has been previously applied in traditional Chinese medicine. The primary aim of this study was to
Liping Huang; Shi Zhou; Zhen Lu; Lyndon O Brooks; Qiang Tian; Xia Li; Longjun Cao; Junhai Yu; Hui Wang
Distractibility after unilateral resections from the frontal and anterior cingulate cortex in humans
The prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex figure prominently in current models of directed attention. The efficacy of selective attention was studied in a distractibility study carried out with patients who had unilateral surgical excisions from the frontal cortex with or without involvement of the cingulate gyrus, patients with unilateral anterior temporal resections, and normal control subjects. In Task A, participants
Lisa Koski; Michael Petrides
Permeability Damage to Natural Fractures Caused by Fracturing Fluid Polymers.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Formation damage studies using artificially fractured, low-permeability sandstone cores indicate that viscosified fracturing fluids can severely restrict gas flow through these types of narrow fractures. These studies were performed in support of the Depa...
B. L. Gall A. R. Sattler D. R. Maloney C. J. Raible
Pathological fractures in children
Pathological fractures in children can occur as a result of a variety of conditions, ranging from metabolic diseases and infection to tumours. Fractures through benign and malignant bone tumours should be recognised and managed appropriately by the treating orthopaedic surgeon. The most common benign bone tumours that cause pathological fractures in children are unicameral bone cysts, aneurysmal bone cysts, non-ossifying fibromas and fibrous dysplasia. Although pathological fractures through a primary bone malignancy are rare, these should be recognised quickly in order to achieve better outcomes. A thorough history, physical examination and review of plain radiographs are crucial to determine the cause and guide treatment. In most benign cases the fracture will heal and the lesion can be addressed at the time of the fracture, or after the fracture is healed. A step-wise and multidisciplinary approach is necessary in caring for paediatric patients with malignancies. Pathological fractures do not have to be treated by amputation; these fractures can heal and limb salvage can be performed when indicated.
De Mattos, C. B. R.; Binitie, O.; Dormans, J. P.
Chart - Fracture Toughness Modulus
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Chart depicting fracture toughness and Young's modulus of various materials including foams, polymers, elastomers, natural materials, composites, metals, technical ceramics, and non-technical ceramics.
Ashby, Mike
Natural fracture systems studies
The objectives of this program are (1) to develop a basinal-analysis methodology for natural fracture exploration and exploitation, and (2) to determine the important characteristics of natural fracture systems for use in completion, stimulation, and production operations. Natural-fracture basinal analysis begins with studies of fractures in outcrop, core and logs in order to determine the type of fracturing and the relationship of the fractures to the lithologic environment. Of particular interest are the regional fracture systems that are pervasive in western US tight sand basins. A Methodology for applying this analysis is being developed, with the goal of providing a structure for rationally characterizing natural fracture systems basin-wide. Such basin-wide characterizations can then be expanded and supplemented locally, at sites where production may be favorable. Initial application of this analysis is to the Piceance basin where there is a wealth of data from the Multiwell Experiment (MWX), DOE cooperative wells, and other basin studies conducted by Sandia, CER Corporation, and the USGS (Lorenz and Finley, 1989, Lorenz et aI., 1989, and Spencer and Keighin, 1984). Such a basinal approach has been capable of explaining the fracture characteristics found throughout the southern part of the Piceance basin and along the Grand Hogback.
Lorenz, J.C.; Warpinski, N.R.
Virtual environment training system for rehabilitation of stroke patients with unilateral neglect: crossing the virtual street.
In this paper, we propose a system for training of stroke patients with unilateral neglect by using technology of virtual reality (VR). The proposed system is designed to compensate for unilateral neglect. This system contains the calibration of unilateral neglect and the training of this disease. The calibration procedure is implemented by aligning the virtual object at a subjective middle line. The training procedure is implemented by completing the missions that are used to keep the virtual avatar safe during crossing the street in a virtual environment. The results of this study show that the proposed system is effective to train unilateral neglect. The left to right ratio scores extracted from this system gradually decrease as the sessions of training are repeated. To validate the VR system parameters, the parameters are analyzed by correlation with those of traditional unilateral neglect assessment methods (such as the line bisection test and the cancellation test). PMID:17305443
Kim, Jaehun; Kim, Kwanguk; Kim, Deog Young; Chang, Won Hyek; Park, Chang-Il; Ohn, Suk Hoon; Han, Kiwan; Ku, Jeonghun; Nam, Sang Won; Kim, In Young; Kim, Sun I
Ninety-seven patients type II were in this study. There were 35 male and 53 female patient, whose average age at revision was 74,5 year old. In this group the average time to fracture after arthroplasty was 6,2 (1-20) years.The fracture was spiral in most cases (82%), but some there were transverse (18%). Loosening of the prosthesis often occured with the transverse fracture (p=0,001).Loosening occured in 30% cases before the femoral fracture : it was rarely a major, but its duration was unknown.Three different methods of treatment were used in this study: - conservative treatment was used rarely, where there was a surgical risk in incomplete or undisplaced fracture. Treatment with traction involved a prolonged stay in hospital (two months average). - internal fixation without removal of the prosthesis was used in 44% cases. Fixation with plates in 93%. Other devices were screw and cerclage wire fixation. - 47,5% cases were revised with a long stem cemented prosthesis. The most difficult was type II fracture associated with femoral loosening. The location of type II fracture may compromise the stability of prosthesis. Although there was 41% of cases whose prosthesis was not loose before fracture. In these cases, type II fracture has not compromised the stability of prosthesis: the spiral line could shape peri prosthetic mantle of cement.Healing of the fracture was obtained in most cases (97%). Thus, protetic loosening created by type II fracture has not prevented consolidation: these two events are statistically independant.The present retrospective study supports the employement of different treatment. Based on these findings, the following management of type II fracture could be recommended: - undisplaced or incomplete fracture in high risk patients, should be treated conservatively. If loosening of the prosthesis develops, revision of the arthroplasty can be done after fracture healing. - internal fixation without revision of the prosthesis should be employed if the prosthetic stem stability is not compromised. - revision of the arthroplasty should be done if loosening of the prosthesis developped before or during the type II fracture occured. Then, a long stem should be employed. PMID:24193417
de la CaffiniŔre, M; Favreul, E; Kempf, I; GÚraud, H O
Computer Model for Ductile Fracture.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A computer model is described for predicting ductile fracture initiation and propagation. The computer fracture model is calibrated by simple and notched round-bar tension tests and a precracked compact tension test. The model is used to predict fracture ...
B. Moran J. E. Reaugh
Fracture Studies in Glassy Polymers.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The objective of the program was to study the fracture of glassy organic polymers so that a better understanding between the polymer structure and fracture characteristics could be gained. Of particular interest was the determination of the fracture surfa...
L. J. Broutman T. Kobayashi
Induced fractures: well stimulation through fracturing
Seven fracture stimulation treatments were planned and executed under the Department of Energy-funded Geothermal Well Stimulation Program. The objective of this program is to demonstrate that geothermal well stimulation offers a technical alternative to additional well drilling and redrilling for productivity enhancement which can substantially reduce development costs. Well stimulation treatments have been performed at Raft River, Idaho; East Mesa, California; The Geysers, California; and the Baca Project Area in New Mexico. Six of the seven stimulation experiments were technically successful in stimulating the wells. The two fracture treatments in East Mesa more than doubled the production rate of the previously marginal producer. The two fracture treatments at Raft River and the two at Baca were all successful in obtaining significant production from previously nonproductive intervals. The acid etching treatment in the well at the Geysers did not have any material effect on production rate.
Hanold, R.J.
[Unilateral testicular torsion. Effect on the contralateral testis].
The unilateral testicular torsion produce alteration of contralateral testes, with a frequence of sterility and alteration sperm bigger than normal population. The great differences report for various authors in the works make necessary to know better the pathogenesis of the testicular torsion about the fertility. With the aim to study this aspect, we carry out this experimental work in that animals with testicular torsion, although with individual results very different, have, again the animals with sham intervention, less number of sperm (P less than 0.001), with less time of survivorship (P less than 0.001), bigger percentage of precocious agglutination and abnormal shape (P less than 0.001) and bigger quantity of immobile sperm. These alteration as adult animals, but they are bigger in the late. PMID:2485660
Sanjußn RodrÝguez, S; Blesa Sßnchez, E; Mirˇ Arias, A; Molina Fernßndez, M; Barquero Fernßndez, A; Cardesa GarcÝa, J J
Unilateral gingival enlargement in patient with neurofibromatosis type I.
Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. It is a neurocutaneous disorder with two defined entities: (1) Peripheral type I (NF1), described by von Recklinghausen; and (2) central type II, affecting mainly the central nervous system. NF1, the more common type, is an autosomal dominant, inherited disease, characterized by neural and cutaneous manifestations, as well as skeletal, oral and jaw expressions. All oral tissues have been reported to be affected with this tumoral disorder. Gingival neurofibroma in NF1 is uncommon. Diagnosis of NF1 is based upon a series of clinical criteria. The purpose of this report is to present a case of NF1 with a unilateral gingival neurofibroma in the buccal attached gingiva of the lower left molars, along with a review of the literature. Because NF1 is among the most common genetic diseases and its oral manifestations are commonplace, dentists should be aware of its different characteristics. PMID:23488326
Asgary, Saeed; Aminzadeh, Neda
Unilateral NMR study of a XVI century wall painted.
Wall paintings in the XVI century Serra Chapel in the "Chiesa di Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore" Rome, have been studied using unilateral NMR. In order to map the distribution of moisture content in the wall painted, a large number of Hahn echo measurements, covering large areas of the wall painting were performed. Because the intensity of the Hahn echo is proportional to the amount of moisture in the area under study, the experimental data were transformed into 2D gradient colour maps which allowed an easy visualization of the moisture content of the wall. The state of conservation of the wall painting was monitored using T2 measurements specially with regards to outcropping salt. PMID:17433740
Proietti, N; Capitani, D; Rossi, E; Cozzolino, S; Segre, A L
Multifocal visual-evoked potential in unilateral compressive optic neuropathy
Aim To evaluate the effects of unilateral compressive optic neuropathy on amplitude and latency of multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs). Methods Static automated perimetry and mfVEP recordings were obtained from six patients with presumed meningiomas affecting one optic nerve. Monocular and interocular amplitude and latency analyses were performed and compared with normal control subjects. Results The change in the mfVEP amplitude agreed with visual field findings with regard to topography and severity of deviation from normal. The delay in recordable responses from affected eyes ranged from 7.6 to 20.7?ms (interocular analysis) and 7.9 to 13.9?ms (monocular analysis). Conclusions Compressive optic neuropathy decreases the amplitude and increases the latency of the mfVEP. The changes in latency were similar to those seen in optic neuritis but larger than those in ischaemic optic neuropathy and glaucoma.
Semela, Linda; Yang, E Bo; Hedges, Thomas R; Vuong, Laurel; Odel, Jeffery G; Hood, Donald C
Disorders of sex development presenting as unilateral cryptorchidism.
Disorders of sex development (DSD) present in different forms but, in most cases, with visible anomalies of the external genitalia. The diagnosis of DSD can have a vast impact on an individual; in addition to concerns about fertility and a higher risk of neoplasia, it may have severe psychosocial impact on the patient. This report presents two apparently healthy cases referred for operation because of unilateral undescended testis. In these two patients, uterine remnants were found during the operation, and underlying DSD conditions were unexpectedly diagnosed. One patient had a 45,X/46,XY mosaic karyotype, while the second patient had persistent mŘllerian duct syndrome, probably due to an anti-mŘllerian hormone receptor defect. Both conditions are extremely rare, but the findings reinforce that DSD should be considered in patients with cryptorchidism, especially if other clinical signs are present. PMID:23373508
ěstergren, Peter; Juul, Anders; Azawi, Nessn H
Thalamic astasia: inability to stand after unilateral thalamic lesions.
Inability to stand in the absence of motor weakness or marked sensory loss is usually considered to reflect midline cerebellar disease. However, the 15 patients reported here had astasia related to unilateral thalamic lesions, documented by autopsy and computed tomography in 2 patients and by computed tomography in 13. The lesions, including infarction (6), hemorrhage (7), and tumor (2), involved primarily the superoposterolateral portion of the thalamus, but spared the rubral region. Alert, with normal or near-normal strength on isometric muscle testing and a variable degree of sensory loss, the patients could not stand and 7 of them could not sit up unassisted. They fell backwards or toward the side contralateral to the lesion. They appeared to have a deficit of overlearned motor activity of an axial and postural nature. In the vascular cases, the deficit improved in a few days or weeks. However, these patients had a tendency to sustain falls during the rehabilitation period. PMID:2841901
Masdeu, J C; Gorelick, P B
Unusual unilateral presentation of pachydermodactyly: a case report.
Pachydermodactyly is a rare digital fibromatosis characterized by asymptomatic fusiform soft-tissue swellings of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands. It usually affects healthy adolescent males with a negative family history. As a rule, clinical presentation of the disease is bilateral and symmetrical enlargement of the joints. So it can be misdiagnosed with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, especially with juvenile chronic arthritis. A prompt clinical diagnosis of the disease would prevent inappropriate treatment with immunosuppressive agents or steroids and unnecessary expensive diagnostic procedures such as biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging. Once diagnosed, patients should be advised in order to avoid repetitive traumas of the hands, rubbing and cracking of the fingers, obsessive-compulsive use of computer and video games. The joint outcome is always benign. Here, we report a case of pachydermodactyly differs from the typical clinical picture of pachydermodactyly in the unilateral distribution of the lesions. PMID:21442169
Ulusoy, Hasan; Tas, Nevsun Pihtili; Akgol, Gurkan; Gulkesen, Arif; Kamanli, Ayhan
Unilateral shunt formation with thoracic aortic dissection in a whippet.
A three-year-old neutered male whippet was presented with intermittent, exercise-induced paraparesis. Femoral pulses were bilaterally absent. Neurologic examination was suggestive of a thoracolumbar myelopathy. Blood pressure measurements revealed hypotension in both pelvic limbs, hypertension in the right thoracic limb and it was immeasurable in the left thoracic limb. Echocardiography was within reference limits. A clear vascular pulsation was palpable on the right ventral abdominal wall. Computed tomographic angiography revealed a dissection of the aortic wall between the left subclavian artery and the brachiocephalic trunk with subsequent thrombus formation. A shunt between the right internal thoracic, cranial and caudal epigastric arteries to preserve blood flow to the pelvic limbs was visualized. Necropsy was declined by the owner. This is the first case report describing the formation of a unilateral vascular shunt following a thoracic aortic occlusion, which presented as exercise-induced paraparesis. PMID:24602076
Cornelis, I; Bosmans, T; Doom, M; Binst, D; Van der Vekens, E; Kromhout, K; Cornillie, P; Van Ham, L
Unilateral duplication of vas deferens: a cadaveric case report.
Duplication of vas deferens is a rare congenital anomaly. All previously reported cases of this rare anomaly were identified during procedures such as orchiepexy, inguinal hernia repair, vasectomy, varicocoelectomy, and radical prostatectomy. Here, we report a case of unilateral duplicated vas deferens noted in an adult cadaver during regular dissection for medical students. The right spermatic cord contained 2 separate and completely developed cord-like structures. Both cords communicated separately with the tail of the epididymis. When traced cranially, both traversed the inguinal canal as content of the spermatic cord and finally fused at the level of the deep inguinal ring. No other variations were found in the testis or epididymis, and no variations were seen in the left spermatic cord. In addition, no associated renal abnormalities were noted. PMID:23560239
Sirasanagandla, Srinivasa Rao; Nayak, Satheesha B; Jetti, Raghu; Bhat, Kumar M R
Painful unilateral temporalis muscle enlargement: reactive masticatory muscle hypertrophy.
An instance of isolated unilateral temporalis muscle hypertrophy (reactive masticatory muscle hypertrophy with fiber type 1 predominance) confirmed by muscle biopsy with histochemical fiber typing and image analysis in a 62áyear-old man is reported. The patient presented with bruxism and a painful swelling of the temple. Absence of asymmetry or other abnormalities of the craniofacial skeleton was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and cephalometric analyses. The patient achieved symptomatic improvement only after undergoing botulinum toxin injections. Muscle biopsy is key in the diagnosis of reactive masticatory muscle hypertrophy and its distinction from masticatory muscle myopathy (hypertrophic branchial myopathy) and other non-reactive causes of painful asymmetric temporalis muscle enlargement. PMID:23900775
Katsetos, Christos D; Bianchi, Michael A; Jaffery, Fizza; Koutzaki, Sirma; Zarella, Mark; Slater, Robert
Apparatus for unilateral generation of a homogeneous magnetic field
An apparatus for unilaterally producing a substantially homogeneous magnetic field. The apparatus includes two circular electromagnet coils, a small coil and a large coil, which are coaxial with one another and which are separated by a distance equal to one-half the difference in the radius of the two coils. By appropriate selection of electrical currents, which are passed through the coil in opposite directions, a region of homogeneous magnetic field is formed. This region is centered on the common axis of the two coils, at a point on the axis which is at a distance from the small coil equal to one-half the radius of the small coil, and which is on the opposite side of the small coil from the large coil. The apparatus has particular application in the field of diagnostic medical NMR and other NMR applications.
Fukushima, Eiichi (Los Alamos, NM); Rath, Alan R. (San Diego, CA); Roeder, Stephen B. W. (La Mesa, CA)
Apparatus for unilateral generation of a homogeneous magnetic field
An apparatus for unilaterally producing a substantially homogeneous magnetic field. The apparatus includes two circular electromagnet coils, a small coil and a large coil, which are coaxial with one another and which are separated by a distance equal to one-half the difference in the radius of the two coils. By appropriate selection of electrical currents, which are passed through the coils in opposite directions, a region of homogeneous magnetic field is formed. This region is centered on the common axis of the two coils, at a point on the axis which is at a distance from the small coil equal to one-half the radius of the small coil, and which is on the opposite side of the small coil from the large coil. The apparatus has particular application in the field of diagnostic medical NMR and other NMR applications.
Fukushima, E.; Rath, A.R.; Roeder, S.B.W.
Multiple Unilateral Zosteriform Connective Tissue Nevi on the Trunk
Connective tissue nevus is not a true tumor, but rather a hamartoma involving various components of connective tissue. It presents as a slow-growing, painless, flesh-colored, or pink nodule or plaque that is evident from childhood. While any region of the body may be affected, there is a predilection for the trunk and extremities. A 20-month-old girl presented with three ipsilateral confluent popular plaques with zosteriform distribution that had formed over the previous 17 months on the left chest and abdomen. The patient remained asymptomatic. Unlike all previously reported cases demonstrating a single lesion, we report a connective tissue nevi in a child who presented with multiple unilateral zosteriform lesions, an unusual pattern of distribution without evidence of tuberous sclerosis complex.
Choi, Young Jun; Lee, Seung Jae; Choi, Chong Won; Kim, Won-Serk
A rib fracture is a crack or break in 1 or more of your rib bones. Your ribs are the round long bones in your chest ... A rib fracture can be very painful because your ribs move when you breathe, cough and move your upper ...
Patients with hip fracture typically present to the emergency department or their physician's office after a fall. They are often unable to walk, and they may exhibit shortening and exter- nal rotation of the affected limb. Frequently, they have hip pain. In some instances, however, patients with hip fracture may complain only of vague pain in their buttocks, knees, thighs,
LANCE C. BRUNNER; LIZA ESHILIAN-OATES; TONY Y. KUO; David Geffen; RADIOLOGIC DECISION-MAKING
Avulsion fractures in athletes.
34 cases of avulsion fractures are described. Each fracture took place during athletic training or competition. Excepting six sportsmen participating in a general fitness programme, every patient was an active competitive athlete. There were six women and 28 men; their average age was 20.1 years, raised by a few middle-aged "fitness sportsmen". Most avulsion fractures took place in sprinters and hurdlers; next were middle and long distance renner, footballers, fitness joggers, skiers and ice-hockey players. The most usual location of a fracture was the anterior pelvic spines; avulsion fractures were also detected in various parts of lower limbs. There were fewer avulsion fractures in the area of the trunk and upper extremities. Roetgenologically, the diagnosis of an avulsion fracture is generally easy to make. However, the diagnosis is facilitated by knowing the mechanism of the injury, the technique of the athletic event, and some of the training methods. Generally, a fracture heals well, even if it requires both sufficient immobilisation and some delay in resuming physical exertion. PMID:884433
Orava, S; Ala-Ketola, L
Background and Purpose: Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is well established for stabilizing pediatric forearm fractures. To prevent uncritical use, it is necessary to evaluate the problems and complications of this common technique. Patients and Methods: Four pediatric surgical departments participated in a retrospective study analyzing the last 400 fractures treated with ESIN. Continuous documentation of treatment, postoperative course and
Justus Lieber; Alexander Joeris; Peter Knorr; Johannes Schalamon; Peter P. Schmittenbecher
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The report describes the findings of a working part set up under the auspices of the Royal Society to inquire into the teaching of fracture, and in particular fracture mechanics in the United Kingdom. The inquiry has concentrated on teaching at higher edu...
Avulsion fractures in athletes.
34 cases of avulsion fractures are described. Each fracture took place during athletic training or competition. Excepting six sportsmen participating in a general fitness programme, every patient was an active competitive athlete. There were six women and 28 men; their average age was 20.1 years, raised by a few middle-aged "fitness sportsmen". Most avulsion fractures took place in sprinters and hurdlers; next were middle and long distance renner, footballers, fitness joggers, skiers and ice-hockey players. The most usual location of a fracture was the anterior pelvic spines; avulsion fractures were also detected in various parts of lower limbs. There were fewer avulsion fractures in the area of the trunk and upper extremities. Roetgenologically, the diagnosis of an avulsion fracture is generally easy to make. However, the diagnosis is facilitated by knowing the mechanism of the injury, the technique of the athletic event, and some of the training methods. Generally, a fracture heals well, even if it requires both sufficient immobilisation and some delay in resuming physical exertion.
Orava, S.; Ala-Ketola, L.
The fracture behavior of synthetic diamond has been investigated using indentation methods and by the tensile testing of pre-notched fracture-mechanics type samples. Specifically, the fracture toughness of free-standing diamond plates, grown by chemically-vapor deposited (CVD) methods, was measured using Vickers indentations and by the use of disk-shaped compact-tension specimens; the latter method provides an evaluation of the through-thickness fracture properties, whereas the indentation method was performed on the nucleation surface of the sample. Measured fracture toughness ({ital K}{sub c}) values were found to be approximately 5--6 MPa{radical}m by both methods, indicating that the fracture resistance of CVD diamond does not vary appreciably with grain size (within the certainty of the testing procedures). Complications, however, arose with the fracture-mechanics testing regarding crack initiation from a relatively blunt notch; further work is needed to develop pre-cracking methods to permit more reliable fracture toughness testing of diamond. {copyright} {ital 1995} {ital American} {ital Institute} {ital of} {ital Physics}.
Drory, M.D. [Crystallume, 3506 Bassett Street, Santa Clara, California 95054 (United States)] [Crystallume, 3506 Bassett Street, Santa Clara, California 95054 (United States); Dauskardt, R.H.; Kant, A.; Ritchie, R.O. [Center for Advanced Materials, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)] [Center for Advanced Materials, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)
Summary Obesity and osteoporosis are two common diseases with an increasing prevalence and a high impact on morbidity and mortality. Obese women have always been considered protected against osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. However, several recent studies have challenged the widespread belief that obesity is protective against fracture and have suggested that obesity is a risk factor for certain fractures. Fat and bone are linked by many pathways, which ultimately serve the function of providing a skeleton appropriate to the mass of adipose tissue it is carrying. Leptin, adiponectin, adipocytic estrogens and insulin/amylin are involved in this connection. However, excessive body fat, and particularly abdominal fat, produces inflammatory cytokines which may stimulate bone resorption and reduce bone strength. This review aimed to examine the literature data on the relationships of BMI and fat mass with factures in adult and elderly subjects. Even though the more recent studies have shown conflicting results, there is growing evidence that obesity, and particularly severe obesity, may be related to an increased risk of fracture at different skeletal sites which is partially independent from BMD. Moreover, the relationship between obesity and fracture appears to be markedly influenced by ethnicity, gender and fat distribution. Even though the incidence and the pathogenesis of fracture in obese individuals has not yet been clearly defined, the growing evidence that obesity may be related to an increased risk of fracture has important public health implications and emphasizes the need to develop effective strategies to reduce fracture risk in obese subjects.
Gonnelli, Stefano; Caffarelli, Carla; Nuti, Ranuccio
Background In patients with myelomeningocele (MMC), a high number of fractures occur in the paralyzed extremities, affecting mobility and independence. The aims of this retrospective cross-sectional study are to determine the frequency of fractures in our patient cohort and to identify trends and risk factors relevant for such fractures. Materials and methods Between March 1988 and June 2005, 862 patients with MMC were treated at our hospital. The medical records, surgery reports, and X-rays from these patients were evaluated. Results During the study period, 11% of the patients (ná=á92) suffered one or more fractures. Risk analysis showed that patients with MMC and thoracic-level paralysis had a sixfold higher risk of fracture compared with those with sacral-level paralysis. Femoral-neck z-scores measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) differed significantly according to the level of neurological impairment, with lower z-scores in children with a higher level of lesion. Furthermore, the rate of epiphyseal separation increased noticeably after cast immobilization. Mainly patients who could walk relatively well were affected. Conclusions Patients with thoracic-level paralysis represent a group with high fracture risk. According to these results, fracture and epiphyseal injury in patients with MMC should be treated by plaster immobilization. The duration of immobilization should be kept to a minimum (<4áweeks) because of increased risk of secondary fractures. Alternatively, patients with refractures can be treated by surgery, when nonoperative treatment has failed.
Bresch, Bjoern; Raiss, Patric; Furstenberg, Carl Hans; Bruckner, Thomas; Seyler, Thorsten; Carstens, Claus; Abel, Rainer
Line versus representational bisections in unilateral spatial neglect
OBJECTIVESŚTo clarify the mechanisms of left unilateral spatial neglect found in the bisection of lines after cueing to the left end point and to determine whether neglect occurs for the mental representation of a line.?METHODSŚA new representational bisection task was developed to eliminate the influence of the right segment of the physical line that would attract attention. Eight patients with typical left unilateral spatial neglect underwent line and representational bisection tasks on a computer display with a touch panel. In the line bisection with cueing, they bisected a line after touching the left end point. In the representational bisection, the patients were presented with a line until they touched the left end point. On the blank display, they pointed to the subjective midpoint of the erased line. The performances of the two bisection tasks were compared when the length and position of stimulus lines were varied.?RESULTSŚThe rightward errors in the representational bisection were greater than or equivalent to those in the line bisection with cueing. The effect of line length in which the errors became greater for the longer lines was equally found in the line bisection with cueing and the representational bisection. This was confirmed in the condition where the right end point was placed at a fixed position and the line length was varied.?CONCLUSIONSŚAfter cueing to the left end point, rightward bisection errors of patients with neglect are not caused by overattention to the right segment of the physical line. Left neglect occurs mainly for the mental representation formed at the time of cueing or seeing the whole extent of a line.??
Ishiai, S; Koyama, Y; Seki, K; Izawa, M
Varus impacted intracapsular hip fractures.
We describe a distinct variant of an impacted intracapsular hip fracture that is difficult to classify within any of the current fracture classification systems. Instead of impaction occurring laterally, as generally occurs with a Garden grade I fracture, there is medial impaction. We have termed this a varus impacted fracture. Nineteen such fractures were identified. The majority of these patients presented with a history of progressive hip pain over several days without a definite history of trauma. For the 16 fractures treated by internal fixation without any attempt at fracture reduction, fracture healing occurred in 11 cases. PMID:15826622
Damany, D S; Parker, Martyn J
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Dynamic fracture and crack propagation concepts for ductile materials are reviewed. The equations for calculating dynamic stress integrity and the dynamic energy release rate in order to study dynamic crack propagation are provided. The stress intensity factor versus crack velocity relation is investigated. The uses of optical experimental techniques and finite element methods for fracture analyses are described. The fracture criteria for a rapidly propagating crack under mixed mode conditions are discussed; crack extension and fracture criteria under combined tension and shear loading are based on maximum circumferential stress or energy criteria such as strain energy density. The development and use of a Dugdale model and finite element models to represent crack and fracture dynamics are examined.
Kobayashi, A. S.; Ramulu, M.
Osteoporosis and Skeletal Fractures
Osteoporosis affects millions of individuals worldwide, rendering them susceptible to fragility fractures of the spine, hip, and wrist and leading to significant morbidity, mortality, and economic cost. Given the substantial impact of osteoporosis on both patients and the medical community, it is imperative that physicians improve awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis in the setting of low-energy fractures. In this review, we provide information on effective means of preventing fragility fractures and introduce clinicians to issues pertinent to the patient who suffers an osteoporotic fracture. Prevention of fragility fractures centers around adequate mineral nutrition, including daily calcium and vitamin D supplementation, as well as prescription antiresorptive medications such as bisphosphonates or teriparatide therapy in severe cases, both of which have been shown to decrease future fracture risk. Balance and strength training also play important roles in the management of the osteoporotic patient, particularly following a low-energy fracture, and external hip protectors may be useful for certain patients. Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are two minimally invasive techniques that show great promise in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures, although questions regarding long-term biomechanical effects still exist. Traditionally, osteoporosis has been underdiagnosed and undertreated following a low-energy fracture in an elderly patient. Although treatment rates may be improving through public health initiatives, the majority of patients with osteoporosis remain inadequately treated. Perioperative intervention programs that focus on patient education about osteoporosis and treatment options lead to significant increases in intervention and treatment. Reducing the risk of skeletal fractures in patients susceptible to osteoporosis involves improved physician education on the risk factors and management of osteoporosis, as well as informing patients on the significance of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry testing and medical treatment so that they may serve as their own healthcare advocates in this often-undertreated disease.
Demetrakopoulos, Demetris; Shindle, Michael K.; Griffith, Matthew H.; Lane, Joseph M.
[3-d finite element analyses of the internal fixation of mandibular fracture].
In this paper was analyzed the biomechanical behavior of the mental fractured mandible under the rigid internal fixation (RIF). ANSYS and Pro/E were used to develop a 3-D finite element (3-D FE) model of the mental fractured mandible. By the use of boundary constraints, four biting conditions were simulated. The stress and strain of the mandible and the miniplate-screw were compared under two treatment regimens of one or two miniplate(s) fixation conditions. The strain was larges relatively when fixed with only one miniplate or under the unilateral biting condition, so it would not benefit the healing of bone. Through the biomechanical study, the 3-D FEA of fractured mandible can direct the clinical treatment, and it could serve as a foundation on which to carry out the subsequent biomechanical study for RIF of mandible. PMID:19634668
Luo, Xiaohui; Fan, Yubo
Predictors of femoral neck fracture following hip resurfacing: a cadaveric study.
We aimed to establish if radiological parameters, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and quantitative CT (qCT) could predict the risk of sustaining a femoral neck fracture following hip resurfacing. Twenty-one unilateral fresh frozen femurs were used. Each femur had a plain digital anteroposterior radiograph, DEXA scan and qCT scan. Femurs were then prepared for a Birmingham Hip Resurfacing femoral component and loaded to failure. Results demonstrated that gender and qCT measurements showed strong correlation with failure load. QCT could be used as an individual measure to predict risk of post-operative femoral neck fracture. However, when qCT is unavailable; gender, pre-operative DEXA scan and Neck Width measurements can be used together to assess risk of post-operative femoral neck fracture in patients due to undergo hip resurfacing. PMID:22770857
Davis, Edward T; Olsen, Michael; Zdero, Rad; Smith, Gemma M; Waddell, James P; Schemitsch, Emil H
Post-training unilateral amygdala lesions selectively impair contextual fear memories.
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) are both structures with key roles in contextual fear conditioning. During fear conditioning, it is postulated that contextual representations of the environment are formed in the hippocampus, which are then associated with foot shock in the amygdala. However, it is not known to what extent a functional connection between these two structures is required. This study investigated the effect on contextual and cued fear conditioning of disconnecting the BLA and dHPC, using asymmetrically placed, excitotoxic unilateral lesions. Post-training lesions selectively impaired contextual, but not cued, fear, while pretraining lesions resulted in a similar but nonsignificant pattern of results. This effect was unexpectedly observed in both the contralateral disconnection group and the anticipated ipsilateral control, which prompted further examination of individual unilateral lesions of BLA and dHPC. Post-training unilateral dHPC lesions had no effect on contextual fear memories while bilateral dHPC lesions and unilateral BLA lesions resulted in a near total abolition of contextual fear but not cued conditioned fear. Again, pretraining unilateral BLA lesions resulted in a strong but nonsignificant trend to the impairment of contextual fear. Furthermore, an analysis of context test-induced Fos protein expression in the BLA contralateral to the lesion site revealed no differences between post-training SHAM and unilateral BLA lesioned animals. Therefore, post-training unilateral lesions of the BLA are sufficient to severely impair contextual, but not cued, fear memories. PMID:22615481
Flavell, Charlotte R; Lee, Jonathan L C
Fracture-liquid transmissibility in fractured porous media
The flow of oil phase in the gas\\/oil two-phase region in fractures is a key to production performance of fractured petroleum reservoirs where gravity drainage is the dominant mechanism. In this study, data on a set of experiments that center on flow of the oil phase in the fractures are presented. The experiments cover fracture apertures ranging from 50 to
A. Firoozabadi; T. Markeset
[Orbital fractures in children].
The aim of this article is to review data concerning paediatric orbital fractures. These fractures exhibit strong specificities because they occur in a growing face. Due to the craniofacial growing pattern and the peumatization of paranasal sinuses, there are differences in the anatomical location of orbital fracture with the age: before the age of seven they are mostly orbital roof and after seven they involve the orbital floor. The clinical diagnosis is confirmed with a computed tomography scan (CT scan), gold standard for the imaging in the orbital fractures. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a better soft-tissue depiction and is useful when clinical data are not consistent with CT scan findings. The orbital fractures in children are rarely operated. In emergency the main surgical indications are the trap-door fracture involving the ocular muscles and the compressive haematomas. We hypothesize that the periosteum more likely than the bony structure is involved in the responsible trap-door fractures: the thickness and the elasticity of the periosteum leads to reposition the floor or the medial wall of the orbit to its initial position. PMID:21420194
Guyot, L; Lari, N; Benso-Layoun, C; Denis, D; Chossegros, C; Thiery, G
Unilateral gallium-67 uptake in primary tuberculosis of the major salivary glands
Unilateral radionuclide accumulation in salivary glands is an uncommon finding on gallium scintigraphy. The differential diagnosis includes malignant tumors and inflammatory processes of these organs. Two cases of unilateral gallium uptake of the parotid and submandibular gland respectively, verified as solitary tuberculosis, are presented, together with the correlative findings of Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy, sialography, and sonography. None of these imaging modalities is specific enough to provide pathognomonic signs for tuberculosis. When assessing unilateral gallium uptake of the salivary glands, one should be aware of the possibility of tuberculosis.
Bihl, H.; Maier, H.
Distal radius fractures are a common injury, particularly in the elderly population. Severity of these fractures is directly related to the bone mineral density of the patient, and clinical results are dependent on this parameter as well. In terms of treatment, several options exist. Nonoperative management consists of closed treatment with casting. Operative treatment options include intrafocal pinning, nonbridging and bridging external fixation, arthroscopic-assisted external fixation, and various methods of open reduction internal fixation. When operative intervention is indicated, considerations include the characteristics of the fracture and the experience of the surgeon with the treatment modalities. PMID:19858984
Liporace, Frank A; Adams, Mark R; Capo, John T; Koval, Kenneth J
Detection of fracturing events using derivatives of fracturing pressures
This patent describes a method of analyzing pressure data obtained during a well fracturing operation to determine fracture behavior. It comprises pumping fracturing fluid under pressure into a formation to thereby fracture the formation; obtaining measurements of pressures in the wellbore at various points in time during the pumping step; and determining the type of fracture behavior from the rates of change of the pressures at a plurality of the points in time.
Ayoub, J.A.
Stress fractures in ballet dancers
We surveyed 54 female dancers in two professional ballet companies. A total of 27 fractures were reported in 17 dancers. Metatarsal fractures were the most common (63%), followed by fractures of the tibia (22%) and spine (7%). Dancers who danced >5 hours per day were significantly more likely to have a stress fracture than those dancing <5 hours per day.
Nancy J. Kadel; Carol C. Teitz; Richard A. Kronmal
Facial fractures: beyond Le Fort.
This article presents a systematic approach for interpreting a craniofacial CT scan that is clinically useful to the reconstructive surgeon. By categorizing the fracture patterns and highlighting the variables that may affect fracture management, the radiologist can expand his interpretation of the fracture pattern into a clinically useful diagnosis that may affect fracture management. PMID:18261526
Fraioli, Rebecca E; Branstetter, Barton F; Deleyiannis, Frederic W-B
Detecting Unilateral Phrenic Paralysis by Acoustic Respiratory Analysis
The consequences of phrenic nerve paralysis vary from a considerable reduction in respiratory function to an apparently normal state. Acoustic analysis of lung sound intensity (LSI) could be an indirect non-invasive measurement of respiratory muscle function, comparing activity on the two sides of the thoracic cage. Lung sounds and airflow were recorded in ten males with unilateral phrenic paralysis and ten healthy subjects (5 men/5 women), during progressive increasing airflow maneuvers. Subjects were in sitting position and two acoustic sensors were placed on their back, on the left and right sides. LSI was determined from 1.2 to 2.4 L/s between 70 and 2000 Hz. LSI was significantly greater on the normal (19.3▒4.0 dB) than the affected (5.7▒3.5 dB) side in all patients (p?=?0.0002), differences ranging from 9.9 to 21.3 dB (13.5▒3.5 dB). In the healthy subjects, the LSI was similar on both left (15.1▒6.3 dB) and right (17.4▒5.7 dB) sides (p?=?0.2730), differences ranging from 0.4 to 4.6 dB (2.3▒1.6 dB). There was a positive linear relationship between the LSI and the airflow, with clear differences between the slope of patients (about 5 dB/L/s) and healthy subjects (about 10 dB/L/s). Furthermore, the LSI from the affected side of patients was close to the background noise level, at low airflows. As the airflow increases, the LSI from the affected side did also increase, but never reached the levels seen in healthy subjects. Moreover, the difference in LSI between healthy and paralyzed sides was higher in patients with lower FEV1 (%). The acoustic analysis of LSI is a relevant non-invasive technique to assess respiratory function. This method could reinforce the reliability of the diagnosis of unilateral phrenic paralysis, as well as the monitoring of these patients.
Fiz, Jose Antonio; Jane, Raimon; Lozano, Manuel; Gomez, Rosa; Ruiz, Juan
Treatment of closed tibial fractures.
Closed tibial shaft fractures are common injuries that remain challenging to treat because of the wide spectrum of fracture patterns and soft-tissue injuries. Understanding the indications for surgical and nonsurgical treatment of these fractures is essential for good outcomes. Although cast treatment of stable tibial shaft fractures has traditionally been successful and continues to be widely used, recent clinical studies have shown that intramedullary nails may be more advantageous for fracture healing and function than casting. Surgical treatment (intramedullary nailing, plate fixation, or external fixation) of closed tibial shaft fractures varies depending on multiple factors. Metaphyseal fractures are well suited for plates, although newer intramedullary nail designs provide the option of intramedullary nailing of proximal or distal metaphyseal tibia-fibula fractures. External fixators are well suited for skeletally immature patients with unstable fracture patterns or for patients with unacceptably small intramedullary canals. Interlocking intramedullary nails are the treatment of choice for most unstable tibia-fibula shaft fractures. PMID:12690886
Schmidt, Andrew H; Finkemeier, Christopher G; Tornetta, Paul
HTGR Fracture Toughness Program.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The program was performed to provide sufficient fracture toughness data for typical production heats of HTGR materials to determine the adequacy of the KIR curve for HTGR applications. The HTGR test program included mechanical tests such as tensile, drop ...
R. A. Wullaert J. W. Sheckherd W. L. Server W. Oldfield
Tibia (Shinbone) Shaft Fractures
... energy collisions, such as an automobile or motorcycle crash, are common causes of tibial sha fractures. In ... you are awake and alert, your doctor will test your sensation and muscle strength by asking you ...
Paediatric talus fractures are rare injuries resulting from axial loading of the talus against the anterior tibia with the foot in dorsiflexion. Skeletally immature bone is less brittle, with higher elastic resistance than adult bone, thus the paediatric talus can sustain higher forces before fractures occur. However, displaced paediatric talus fractures and those associated with high-energy trauma have been associated with complications including avascular necrosis, arthrosis, delayed union, neurapraxia and the need for revision surgery. The authors present the rare case of a talar neck fracture in a skeletally immature young girl, initially missed on radiological review. However, clinical suspicion on the part of the emergency physician, repeat examination and further radiographic imaging revealed this rare paediatric injury.
Byrne, Ann-Maria; Stephens, Michael
Probabilistic Fracture Finite Elements.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics (PFM) is a promising method for estimating the fatigue life and inspection cycles for mechanical and structural components. The Probability Finite Element Method (PFEM), which is based on second moment analysis, has pr...
W. K. Liu T. Belytschko Y. J. Lua
Metatarsal fracture (acute) - aftercare
... your foot that connect your ankle to your toes. They also help you balance when you stand ... the outer bone that connects to your little toe. It is the most commonly fractured metatarsal bone. ...
Mineralogical Investigations of Fractures.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and chemical analyses have been used to identify fracture filling minerals from areas at Finnsjoen, Uppland and Sternoe, Blekinge. These areas were selected, as investigation areas in order to study geological condit...
S. A. Larsson E. L. Tullborg S. Lindblom
A detailed review was made of 1025 consecutive patients with ôface-boneö fractures admitted to four Montreal hospitals over the five-year period 1958-1962, inclusive. In addition a survey was carried out of the other general hospitals in Greater Montreal in order to obtain admission figures for facial-bone fractures and for total hospital cases. In the study group the common causes of face-bone fractures were found to be fights, traffic accidents, falls, and athletic pursuits. Very few of these injuries occurred in industrial settings. A distinctly vulnerable group is made up of males between ages 16 and 35 years. In order of frequency of occurrence these injuries involve the nose, lower jaw, cheekbone, upper jaw, and zygomatic arch. The experience throughout metropolitan Montreal indicated that more persons with face-bone fractures require hospital treatment each year, but the increase is approximately parallel to the upward trend of total hospital admissions.
Gerrie, John W.; Hakstian, Robert W.
Thermodynamic of Brittle Fracture.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This report outlines the results of the effort to suggest a theoretical method of describing brittle ceramic armor. We analyze thermodynamics and kinetics of brittle fracture by combining the Gibbs approach to the study of heterogeneous thermodynamic syst...
M. A. Grinfeld T. W. Wright
... use a variety of treatments to treat fractures: Cast Immobilization A plaster or fiberglass cast is the ... ends in proper position while they heal. Functional Cast or Brace The cast or brace allows limited ...
Impact of a unilateral carbon tax on carbon-intensive industries: evidence from Norway.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This publication identifies the impact of a unilateral Norwegian carbon tax on the profitability and the exit probability in 12 carbon intensive manufacturing sectors. The study uses Norwegian panel data for manufacturing firms and focuses both on a tax o...
R. Golombek
Unilateral uterine artery embolization and systemic methotrexate therapy in cervical pregnancy
The authors report a case of cervical pregnancy successfully treated with combined methods of uterine artery embolization and systemic methotrexate therapy. Unilateral selective embolization may play a role in preserving reproductive functions.
Sejekan, P; Vaclavinkova, V; Leven, H; Krolikowski, A
SUNCT Headache (Short-Lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing)
NINDS SUNCT Headache Information Page Table of Contents (click to jump to sections) What is SUNCT Headache? Is there any treatment? ... being done? Clinical Trials Organizations What is SUNCT Headache? SUNCT-Short-lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform headache attacks with ...
Unilateral Diverticulum of the Ureter: A Case Report and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The surface ultrastructure of a unilateral ureteral diverticulum was studied by scanning electron microscopy and compared to that of normal ureters. Although the normal ureteral urothelial cells present a squamoid appearance, the cells of the diverticulum...
M. A. Clark K. J. O'Connell T. A. Maclean T. M. Conner
Management of small unilateral renal cell carcinomas: Radical versus nephron-sparing surgery
Objectives.There is controversy concerning the management of small unilateral renal cell carcinomas. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the relative efficacy of radial nephrectomy versus nephron-sparing surgery in such patients.
Brian P. Butler; Andrew C. Novick; David P. Miller; Steven A. Campbell; Mark R. Licht
Fracture toughness of graphene
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Perfect graphene is believed to be the strongest material. However, the useful strength of large-area graphene with engineering relevance is usually determined by its fracture toughness, rather than the intrinsic strength that governs a uniform breaking of atomic bonds in perfect graphene. To date, the fracture toughness of graphene has not been measured. Here we report an in situ tensile testing of suspended graphene using a nanomechanical device in a scanning electron microscope. During tensile loading, the pre-cracked graphene sample fractures in a brittle manner with sharp edges, at a breaking stress substantially lower than the intrinsic strength of graphene. Our combined experiment and modelling verify the applicability of the classic Griffith theory of brittle fracture to graphene. The fracture toughness of graphene is measured as the critical stress intensity factor of and the equivalent critical strain energy release rate of 15.9?J?m?2. Our work quantifies the essential fracture properties of graphene and provides mechanistic insights into the mechanical failure of graphene.
Zhang, Peng; Ma, Lulu; Fan, Feifei; Zeng, Zhi; Peng, Cheng; Loya, Phillip E.; Liu, Zheng; Gong, Yongji; Zhang, Jiangnan; Zhang, Xingxiang; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Zhu, Ting; Lou, Jun
Fracture toughness of graphene.
Perfect graphene is believed to be the strongest material. However, the useful strength of large-area graphene with engineering relevance is usually determined by its fracture toughness, rather than the intrinsic strength that governs a uniform breaking of atomic bonds in perfect graphene. To date, the fracture toughness of graphene has not been measured. Here we report an in situ tensile testing of suspended graphene using a nanomechanical device in a scanning electron microscope. During tensile loading, the pre-cracked graphene sample fractures in a brittle manner with sharp edges, at a breaking stress substantially lower than the intrinsic strength of graphene. Our combined experiment and modelling verify the applicability of the classic Griffith theory of brittle fracture to graphene. The fracture toughness of graphene is measured as the critical stress intensity factor of and the equivalent critical strain energy release rate of 15.9?J?m(-2). Our work quantifies the essential fracture properties of graphene and provides mechanistic insights into the mechanical failure of graphene. PMID:24777167
Zhang, Peng; Ma, Lulu; Fan, Feifei; Zeng, Zhi; Peng, Cheng; Loya, Phillip E; Liu, Zheng; Gong, Yongji; Zhang, Jiangnan; Zhang, Xingxiang; Ajayan, Pulickel M; Zhu, Ting; Lou, Jun
Pediatric physeal ankle fracture.
Ankle fracture is the second most common fracture type in children, and physeal injury is a particular concern. Growing children have open physes that are relatively weak compared with surrounding bone and ligaments, and traumatic injuries can cause physeal damage and fracture. Tenderness to palpation over the physis can aid in the clinical diagnosis of ankle fracture. Swelling, bruising, and deformity may be identified, as well. Plain radiographs are excellent for initial evaluation, but CT may be required to determine displacement and to aid in surgical planning, particularly in the setting of intra-articular fractures. The Salter-Harris classification is the most widely used system to determine appropriate management and assess long-term prognosis. Complications of physeal injury include shortening and/or angular deformity. Tillaux and triplane fractures occur in the 18-month transitional period preceding physeal closure, which typically occurs at age 14 years in girls and age 16 years in boys. Management is determined by the amount of growth remaining, with the intent of maintaining optimum function while limiting the risk of physeal damage and joint incongruity. PMID:23545729
Wuerz, Thomas H; Gurd, David P
Hydraulic fracturing technology has been successfully applied for well stimulation of low and high permeability reservoirs for numerous years. Treatment optimization and improved economics have always been the key to the success and it is more so when the reservoirs under consideration are marginal. Fluids are widely used for the stimulation of wells. The Fracturing Fluid Characterization Facility (FFCF) has been established to provide the accurate prediction of the behavior of complex fracturing fluids under downhole conditions. The primary focus of the facility is to provide valuable insight into the various mechanisms that govern the flow of fracturing fluids and slurries through hydraulically created fractures. During the time between September 30, 1992, and March 31, 2000, the research efforts were devoted to the areas of fluid rheology, proppant transport, proppant flowback, dynamic fluid loss, perforation pressure losses, and frictional pressure losses. In this regard, a unique above-the-ground fracture simulator was designed and constructed at the FFCF, labeled ''The High Pressure Simulator'' (HPS). The FFCF is now available to industry for characterizing and understanding the behavior of complex fluid systems. To better reflect and encompass the broad spectrum of the petroleum industry, the FFCF now operates under a new name of ''The Well Construction Technology Center'' (WCTC). This report documents the summary of the activities performed during 1992-2000 at the FFCF.
Subhash Shah
Dental maturation of unilateral cleft lip and palate
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common craniofacial abnormality and the fourth most common birth defect in Singapore. Many reports suggest that CLP children have delayed dental development and asymmetrical timing of tooth-pair formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the timing of development of permanent teeth in unilateral CLP (UCLP) children and to compare the findings with non-CLP children in Singapore. A total of 60 UCLP children aged between 5 and 9 years (mean 6.64 ▒ 0.90 years) and a non-CLP control group matched for age, gender, and race were investigated and compared. Dental records and radiographs were studied and the dental maturation was determined using the Demirjian's method (1973). The dental maturation of UCLP children were delayed compared with non-CLP children by a mean of 0.55 ▒ 0.75 years and the delay was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The UCLP group also had significantly higher risk of asymmetrically developing tooth pairs than the control group (P < 0.001). The most commonly delayed tooth in development was the maxillary cleft-sided lateral incisor. In conclusion, the UCLP children in Singapore demonstrated delayed dental maturation and a higher occurrence of asymmetrical tooth-pair formation than the non-CLP children.
Tan, Elaine Li Yen; Yow, Mimi; Kuek, Meaw Charm; Wong, Hung Chew
Periodic unilateral eyelid retraction in a pediatric patient.
A healthy 11-year-old girl presented with right upper eyelid retraction since birth. An evaluation including thyroid function studies and neuroimaging was negative, and the patient was scheduled for a right levator recession to address the eyelid malposition. Intraoperatively, after the induction of inhalational general anesthesia, the patient displayed cyclic right upper eyelid retraction. Occurring in intervals of exactly 48 seconds, these cycles involved a rapid elevation of the right eyelid from a position of half-closure to a retracted position just above the superior limbus. There was no change in pupil size or eye position during these cyclic spasms, and the contralateral eyelid was unaffected. The patient underwent an uncomplicated levator recession, which improved the upper eyelid retraction. Postoperative testing, including external motility video and infrared pupillometry, demonstrated no cyclic variation in eyelid position, eye position, or pupil size in the waking state. This is a unique case of unilateral eyelid retraction with periodic spasms under conditions of anesthesia without a preexisting oculomotor paresis; it represents an unusual variation on congenital eyelid retraction and classically described cyclic oculomotor palsy. PMID:21878821
Gandhi, Nandini G; Rogers, Gina M; Kardon, Randy H; Allen, Richard C
Effects of unilateral selective hypergravity stimulation on gait
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The purpose of this work is to analyse the neural mechanisms of human motor perturbations induced by dynamic changes in gravity. A unilateral selective hypergravity stimulation (USHS) was produced by stretching an elastic band between the right shoulder and foot. The consequences of the extensor muscle tone change due to the positioning (increased muscular loading) and to its removal (decreased muscular loading) by the elastic band were observed on motor gait skill. Gait spatio-temporal parameters (horizontal displacement of both feet) and lower limb functional length variations (efficiency of flexion and extension movements of the lower limbs) were measured. The latter measure was performed using a device specially designed for that purpose. The main results were: (1) during and after USHS, gait perturbations appeared on the leftŚthe body side not directly stimulated, (2) just after the end of USHS, perturbations were present on the right (homolateral) side evidencing a post treatment effect which caused a decrease in functional shortening of the lower limb during extension and an increase of functional shortening of the lower limb during stance (opposite in sense to the modification observed during swing). Such results afford evidence that, in addition to vestibular receptors, the mechanoreceptors of extensor muscles are involved in determining the changes in motor skills observed at the beginning and at the end of space flights.
Lazerges, M.; Bessou, P.
Longitudinal study of children with unilateral hearing loss
Objective Children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) have been found to have lower language scores, and increased rate of speech therapy, grade failures, or needing Individualized Education Plans (IEPs). The objective of this study was to determine whether language skills and educational performance improved or worsened over time in a cohort of children with UHL. Study Design Prospective longitudinal cohort study Methods Forty-six children with permanent UHL, ages 6 to 12 years, were studied using standardized cognitive, achievement, and language testing at yearly intervals for three years. Using standardized test scores allowed implicit comparison to norms established by national cross-sectional samples. Secondary outcomes included behavioral issues, IEPs, receipt of speech therapy, or teacher report of problems at school. Analysis utilized repeated measures ANOVA and multilevel random regression modeling. Results Several cognitive and language mean standardized scores increased over time. Possible predictors of increase with time included higher baseline cognitive levels and receipt of interventions through an IEP. However, standardized achievement scores and indicators of school performance did not show concomitant improvements. Rates of IEPs remained > 50% throughout, and rates of speech therapy were consistently about 20%. Conclusions Children with UHL demonstrated improvement in oral language and verbal IQ scores over time, but not improvements in school performance. Parents and teachers reported persistent behavioral problems and academic weaknesses or areas of concern in about 25%. The provision of IEPs for children with UHL, and acknowledging UHL as a hearing disability, may be an effective intervention to improve language skills over time.
Lieu, Judith E. C.; Tye-Murray, Nancy; Fu, Qiang
[Effects of unilateral temporal lobectomy on verbal dichotic listening test].
Verbal dichotic listening test was conducted before and after anterior temporal lobectomy on 25 patients who underwent the operation because of their medication-resistant epileptic seizures. Their speech dominance by Wada test was all left sided. 1. Preoperatively, patients having the epileptogenic focus in the right temporal lobe (R-TLE) and those having the focus in the left (L-TLE) were, as expected, all right-ear dominant. The mean number of correct responses was fewer in L-TLE than in R-TLE group. 2. Postoperatively, no detrimental effects for recognition of verbal auditory stimuli by the ear contralateral to the focus was observed both in L-TLE and in R-TLE group. 3. Postoperatively, the ear-dominance shifted: to the left in patients with L-TLE, and to the right more conspicuously in patients with R-TLE compared to the preoperative scores. In other words, the recognition ability by the ears ipsilateral to the side of focus, or of resected temporal lobe, was ameliorated. Summarizing, the unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy did not cause "lesion effect" but yielded improvement of verbal auditory recognition by ears ipsilateral to the epileptogenic focus. Diminished epileptic bombardment resulted in by the resection surgery may be a possible explanation. PMID:2223267
Senbongi, M; Funakoshi, A; Watanabe, Y; Mihara, T; Inoue, Y; Seino, M
Imaging corticospinal degeneration in neonatal rats with unilateral cerebral infarction.
Recent human studies indicate that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, particularly diffusion weighted imaging, detects abnormalities within the descending cortico-spinal tract following stroke. Whether these changes are directly related to processes of axonal degeneration and how MR changes (e.g. apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC) and T(2)) vary in their diagnostic utility over time is not known. The present study demonstrates that a commonly used rat model of neonatal transient unilateral hypoxia-ischemia provides similar diffusion weighted and ADC changes in the cerebral peduncle as those observed in human neonates clinically. Imaging the descending cortico-spinal tract in this model at defined acute (1-3 days) and chronic (1 and 4 weeks) time points demonstrates increased T(2) and progressive changes in ADC within the descending cortico-spinal tract in the first days to weeks following hypoxia-ischemia with a normalization by 1 week and further increases in ispilateral cerebral cortex by 4 weeks. These imaging changes are associated with reduced axonal neurofilament staining both at the subacute and more chronic time points. This demonstrates directly the utility of ADC and T(2) MRI to detect acute changes in axons associated with early Wallerian degeneration. PMID:21223967
Lama, S; Qiao, M; Kirton, A; Sun, S; Cheng, E; Foniok, T; Tuor, U I
Bihemispheric ischemic tolerance induced by a unilateral focal cortical lesion.
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a unilateral photothrombotic brain lesion induces bilateral ischemic tolerance towards a subsequent severe ischemia performed 5 days later. Severe ischemia was induced by transient (1h; t) or permanent (p) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). Rats were sacrificed 24h later. Preconditioning reduced the size of subsequent infarcts in both hemispheres. This effect was most prominent with tMCAO, and ipsilateral preconditioning was more effective than contralateral preconditioning (% of hemispheric volume, mean▒SD: 31.9▒3.7 to 19.0▒10.3 with ipsilateral tMCAO; 31.9▒3.7 to 22.9▒4.9 with contralateral tMCAO; 64.7▒4.3% to 47.2▒12.5% with ipsilateral pMCAO; 64.7▒4.3% to 53.1▒8.9% with contralateral pMCAO). Ischemic preconditioning was associated with a successive bilateral up-regulation of superoxide dismutases which may be involved in the development of ischemic tolerance. Our data suggest that a focal ischemic brain lesion induces neuroprotective mechanisms in extensive brain areas and thus cause bilateral ischemic tolerance within a certain time window. PMID:24835408
Schumacher, Lena; Urbach, Anja; Lutzenburg, Michael; Bidmon, Hans-J; Witte, Otto W
Unilateral jump behavior in young professional female ballet dancers.
In the field of dance, lateral body actions should be differently influenced by training. Classes should develop symmetrical jump behavior by the alternate working of the two body sides. In contrast, asymmetrical training effect linked to hemispheric laterality should be also expected. Indeed, for aesthetic reasons, the preferred led has to give the jump direction while the other leg has to carry out the impulsion during take-off. In addition, and for functional reasons, the preferred leg also has to ensure a soft landing and to avoid imbalance upon landing. To address the question, we studied ten professional right-footed female ballet dancers in a unilateral experimental task: the maximal vertical jump (MVJ). The MVJ height was compared for each leg in ten trials. In addition, the side of the leg usually involved in a choreographic bilateral task was determined. All these right-footed dancers selected their left leg as the impulsion leg for the choreographic jump so as to reserve the right leg for the expression of the artistic gesture linked to emotional laterality. However, ANOVA did not show differences between the right and left legs in MVJ. In these young ballerinas, jump actions of the two body sides seem to develop symmetrically by class training effects. PMID:11697208
Golomer, E; FÚry, Y A
Primate translational vestibuloocular reflexes. IV. Changes after unilateral labyrinthectomy
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The effects of unilateral labyrinthectomy on the properties of the translational vestibuloocular reflexes (trVORs) were investigated in rhesus monkeys trained to fixate near targets. Translational motion stimuli consisted of either steady-state lateral and fore-aft sinusoidal oscillations or short-lasting transient displacements. During small-amplitude, steady-state sinusoidal lateral oscillations, a small decrease in the horizontal trVOR sensitivity and its dependence on viewing distance was observed during the first week after labyrinthectomy. These deficits gradually recovered over time. In addition, the vertical response component increased, causing a tilt of the eye velocity vector toward the lesioned side. During large, transient lateral displacements, the deficits were larger and longer lasting. Responses after labyrinthectomy were asymmetric, with eye velocity during movements toward the side of the lesion being more compromised. The most profound effect of the lesions was observed during fore-aft motion. Whereas responses were kinematically appropriate for fixation away from the side of the lesion (e.g., to the left after right labyrinthectomy), horizontal responses were anticompensatory during fixation at targets located ipsilateral to the side of the lesion (e.g., for targets to the right after right labyrinthectomy). This deficit showed little recovery during the 3-mo post-labyrinthectomy testing period. These results suggest that inputs from both labyrinths are important for the proper function of the trVORs, although the details of how bilateral signals are processed and integrated remain unknown.
Angelaki, D. E.; Newlands, S. D.; Dickman, J. D.
Changes in contralateral protein metabolism following unilateral sciatic nerve section
Changes in nerve biochemistry, anatomy, and function following injuries to the contralateral nerve have been repeatedly reported, though their significance is unknown. The most likely mechanisms for their development are either substances carried by axoplasmic flow or electrically transmitted signals. This study analyzes which mechanism underlies the development of a contralateral change in protein metabolism. The incorporation of labelled amino acids (AA) into proteins of both sciatic nerves was assessed by liquid scintillation after an unilateral section. AA were offered locally for 30 min to the distal stump of the sectioned nerves and at homologous levels of the intact contralateral nerves. At various times, from 1 to 24 h, both sciatic nerves were removed and the proteins extracted with trichloroacetic acid (TCA). An increase in incorporation was found in both nerves 14-24 h after section. No difference existed between sectioned and intact nerves, which is consistent with the contralateral effect. Lidocaine, but not colchicine, when applied previously to the nerves midway between the sectioning site and the spinal cord, inhibited the contralateral increase in AA incorporation. It is concluded that electrical signals, crossing through the spinal cord, are responsible for the development of the contralateral effect. Both the nature of the proteins and the significance of the contralateral effect are matters for speculation.
Menendez, J.A.; Cubas, S.C.
Bilateral Effects of Unilateral Cochlear Implantation in Congenitally Deaf Cats
Congenital deafness results in synaptic abnormalities in auditory nerve endings. These abnormalities are most prominent in terminals called endbulbs of Held, which are large, axosomatic synaptic endings whose size and evolutionary conservation emphasize their importance. Transmission jitter, delay, or failures, which would corrupt the processing of timing information, are possible consequences of the perturbations at this synaptic junction. We sought to determine whether electrical stimulation of the congenitally deaf auditory system via cochlear implants would restore the endbulb synapses to their normal morphology. Three and 6-month-old congenitally deaf cats received unilateral cochlear implants and were stimulated for a period of 10ľ19 weeks by using human speech processors. Implanted cats exhibited acoustic startle responses and were trained to approach their food dish in response to a specific acoustic stimulus. Endbulb synapses were examined by using serial section electron microscopy from cohorts of cats with normal hearing, congenital deafness, or congenital deafness with a cochlear implant. Synapse restoration was evident in endbulb synapses on the stimulated side of cats implanted at 3 months of age but not at 6 months. In the young implanted cats, post-synaptic densities exhibited normal size, shape, and distribution, and synaptic vesicles had density values typical of hearing cats. Synapses of the contralateral auditory nerve in early implanted cats also exhibited synapses with more normal structural features. These results demonstrate that electrical stimulation with a cochlear implant can help preserve central auditory synapses through direct and indirect pathways in an age-dependent fashion.
O'Neil, Jahn N.; Limb, Charles J.; Baker, Christa A.; Ryugo, David K.
Tomographic index as auxiliary criteria for surgery indication in fracture dislocation of acetabulum posterior wall
There are situations which the tomographic exam is done on the affected hip or situations where the contralateral hip presents abnormalities that make it impossible to compare. In this study we aimed to evaluate a tomographic index that does not require comparison between the both hips. Twenty two patients with unilateral acetabular fracture dislocation with fracture of posterior wall were studied. We established the relationship between the remaining posterior wall and the femoral head diameter (head/wall index-H/W index). We evaluated 45 two-dimensional computed tomography scan in normal hips and established the H/W index. In 45 normal hips we simulated a posterior wall fracture with involvement of 25% and 30% of the posterior wall and calculated the H/W index. We divided into five groups with five different H/W index (fractured group with non surgical treatment; fractured group; normal group; normal group with simulated fracture of 25% and; 30% of the posterior wall). 2.4 was the lowest limit of confidence interval of the group with 25% of the posterior wall fracture. When we analyzed the confidence interval of the 30% fracture group the upper limit of the confidence interval was 2.7, close to the lower limit of the surgical group that was 2.9. Thus, we suggest the 2.4 the H/W index limit as an auxiliary criteria to indicate whether or not to operate. H/W index is helpful to decide whether or not surgery indication in the fracture dislocation of the posterior wall of the acetabulum.
Generalized Chorea Induced by an Unilateral Anterior Cerebral Artery Territorial Infarction
Generalized chorea caused by unilateral cerebral infarction has rarely been reported. A 58-year-old woman presented involuntary movement in her all extremities after acute cerebral infarction on her right anterior cerebral artery territory. The involuntary movements were diagnosed as generalized chorea. We didnĺt find any cause of generalized chorea except the acute cerebral infarction. Here, we described the case of generalized chorea after unilateral cerebral infarction discussing the possible mechanisms.
Chang, Jae Hong; Seo, Woo-Keun; Park, Moon-Ho; Lee, Jong-Mun; Kwon, Do-Young; Koh, Seong-Beom
[Unilateral leg swelling after minimally invasive disc surgery in a 57-year-old woman].
Unilateral leg swelling is most frequently the result of venous hypertension based on deep vein thrombosis. The suspicion of a pelvic vein thrombosis requires direct thrombus detection and exclusion of the spectrum of differential diagnoses, especially after pelvic surgery. In this paper we report a case of unilateral leg swelling with complex arteriovenous vascular pathology after minimally invasive disc surgery. The differential diagnosis and interventional therapy are discussed. PMID:24677049
Pfabe, F-P
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome: a review
The clinical features of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)\\u000a syndrome have been reviewed in 50 patients reported in the English language literature. SUNCT syndrome is a rare condition\\u000a that predominates slightly in men. The mean age at onset is 50 years. It is characterized by strictly unilateral attacks centered\\u000a on the orbital or periorbital
Manjit S. Matharu; Anna S. Cohen; Christopher J. Boes; Peter J. Goadsby
Is unilateral laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair a job half done? The case for bilateral repair
IntroductionááBilateral laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of unilateral hernia is conspicuous in published literature by\\u000a its absence. There are no studies or data on the feasibility, advantages or disadvantages of bilateral repair in all cases\\u000a or in any subset of patients with unilateral primary inguinal hernia. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility\\u000a of bilateral laparoscopic exploration
Pawanindra Lal; Prejesh Philips; Jagdish Chander; Vinod K. Ramteke
The Role of Unilateral Adrenalectomy in ACTH-Independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (AIMAH)
BackgroundááACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is a rare cause of Cushingĺs syndrome. Bilateral adrenalectomy is\\u000a considered the treatment of choice, with subsequent lifetime steroid replacement, but unilateral adrenalectomy has been recently\\u000a proposed to reduce the secreting tissue. This prospective study was designed to evaluate the long-term results of unilateral\\u000a adrenalectomy in AIMAH concerning the main laboratory and clinical abnormalities and
Maurizio Iacobone; Nora Albiger; Carla Scaroni; Franco Mantero; Ambrogio Fassina; Giovanni Viel; Mauro Frego; Gennaro Favia
Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome (UNTS) associated with chronic Hepatitis C virus and positive immunoreactivity for VEGF.
Unilateral Nevoid Telangectasia Syndrome (UNTS) is characterized by superficial telangiectasias in a unilateral distribution. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play a role in the pathogenesis of UNTS in patients with underlying hepatic disease. We report a case of a patient with UNTS accompanied by chronic hepatitis C virus infection, with a normal serum estrogen profile and strong positive immunohistochemical staining of lesional skin with VEGF. PMID:24945644
Smith, Ja; Kamangar, F; Prakash, N; Fung, Ma; Konia, T; Fazel, N
Proximal third femoral shaft fractures in children: prevention of angular deformities using bilateral Thomas splints.
This is a prospective study to look at the outcome of unilateral proximal third femoral shaft fractures in children treated with a bilateral Thomas splint in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia between the period of January 1996 and June 1998. Eighteen children aged between 2 years and 12 years old with unilateral proximal third fractures of the femoral shaft were treated using a bilateral Thomas splint. Angular deformities were measured using a goniometer metric scale before and after Thomas splints. The percentage of varus tilt corrected ranged from 17% to 72% with an average correction of 29% from the initial deformity and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The percentage of posterior tilt corrected ranged from 19% to 60% with the average correction of 20% from the initial deformity. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). From this study, we conclude that bilateral Thomas splints can give a better correction of angular deformity for proximal third femoral shaft fractures in children below twelve years of age. PMID:11200047
Kamal, M H; Razak, M; Ibrahim, S; Lim, A
[Successful pregnancies outcomes with the use of in vitro fertilization after essure« unilateral hydrossalpinx occlusion].
Introduction: Since two decades we witnessed the publication of several studies devoted to the study of the influence of the presence of hydrosalpinx on the results of embryo transfer techniques. The aim of this study is to present the results of treatment and pregnancy outcomes in women with a history of infertility associated with unilateral hydrosalpinx, visible on vaginal ultrasound, which were subjected to unilateral occlusion with Essure« and subsequent treatment with in vitro fertilization. Material and Methods: We performed a prospective analysis of a sample of 6 women, with a history of infertility and unilateral hydrosalpinx, between April 2010 to May 2013. In all cases we proceeded to unilateral hysteroscopic placement of the Essure« microinsert, prior to performing a cycle for in vitro fertilization. Results: Of the 6 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization, 4 became pregnant (66.7%). Of these, two were uneventful pregnancies until delivery and 2 are still under surveillance, without complications. Of the patients who did not become pregnant after in vitro fertilization (n = 2, 33.3%), 1 conceived spontaneously during the subsequent monitoring. Discussion: The advancement of hysteroscopy in the treatment of hydrosalpinx using the Essure« microinsert placement is a valid alternative to the laparoscopic approach. Conclusion: This study suggests the effectiveness of unilateral tubal occlusion caused by Essure« microinsert in improving outcomes of in vitro fertilization treatment in cases of infertility associated with unilateral hydrosalpinx, visible in the vaginal ultrasound. PMID:25017346
Guedes-Martins, LuÝs; Mesquita-GuimarŃes, Joana; Barreiro, Mßrcia
Laryngeal fracture after coughing.
Nontraumatic laryngeal fractures are exceedingly rare disease entities. Only 3 prior instances have been described in the medical literature (Br Med J 1950;1:1052; Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2007;58:73-4; Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012;147:801-2). We present a case of thyroid cartilage fracture and associated phlegmon formation after a vigorous coughing spell in a 47-year-old man. On presentation, the patient's symptoms included the triad of odynophagia, dysphagia, and dysphonia as well as diffuse swelling and tenderness over the thyroid cartilage. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mildly displaced anterior thyroid cartilage fracture as well as a phlegmon in the strap muscle compartment adjacent to the fracture (Figs. 1 and 2). Intravenous dexamethasone and antibiotics were initiated, and the patient was admitted to the medical intensive care unit. On fiberoptic examination with the flexible laryngoscope, the patient was found to have slightto-moderate watery edema of the right aryepiglottic fold and right greater than left arytenoid cartilages. After 48 hours, the patient's neck swelling and pain significantly improved. On hospital day 4, the patient was discharged with a course of oral antibiotics. One week later, the patient reported only mild odynophagia and persistent dysphonia. He otherwise felt well and was tolerating fluids and soft food without difficulty. A preexisting, congenital abnormality resulting in a focal weakness in the thyroid cartilage might predispose patients to nontraumatic fractures (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012;147:801-2). Patients in prior case reports of nontraumatic laryngeal fractures presented with similar symptoms (Table). The triad of odynophagia, dysphagia, and dysphonia after a severe coughing or sneezing episode should raise the clinician's suspicion of a thyroid cartilage fracture. PMID:23806730
Fenig, Mark; Strasberg, Stephen; Cohen, Justin C; Almadi, Rami; Gold, Menachem
Computed tomography of facial fractures.
Facial skeletal fractures are common, potentially serious, and frequently associated with other life-threatening conditions, such as traumatic brain injuries. Facial fractures can be simple or complex and sometimes involve serious complications. Computed tomography has revolutionized the rapid and precise assessment of craniofacial and neck fractures in patients with severe facial trauma. This article introduces readers to the epidemiology, skeletal anatomy and biomechanics, complications, and diagnostic imaging of facial fractures. In addition, this article describes efforts to develop and validate a quantitative scoring system for facial fracture severity and reviews treatment strategies for facial skeletal fractures. PMID:24806070
Furlow, Bryant
Rib fractures complicating median sternotomy.
The postoperative chest radiographs of 100 consecutive patients undergoing median sternotomy were reviewed for the presence of acute rib fractures. The majority of patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Thirteen patients sustained 15 fractures. Eleven of these fractures were of the left first rib and 7 of the 15 fractures occurred at the costotransverse articulation. The fractures tended to be subtle on the postoperative portable chest radiographs and were initially overlooked in 4 patients. Heavier patients and those with larger body surface areas were more susceptible to the development of fractures. There was no statistical correlation to total operating time, bypass time, or global ischemic time. PMID:2039325
Gumbs, R V; Peniston, R L; Nabhani, H A; Henry, L J
Fracture mapping tool designed
Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have designed and successfully tested a high-power, high-resolution tool. The tool can help exploration engineers recover more energy from geothermal, oil, and gas reservoirs by locating deeply buried rock fractures. A prototype of the tool, built by Southwest Research Institute of San Antonio, Texas, has been successfully demonstrated at a special granite quarry test facility south of Albuquerque, New Mexico. During field tests, the tool has detected simulated fractures that were more than 30 feet away from a test borehole. No other mapping tool has this directional capability. The tool, which fits in a typical uncased borehole, emits pulses, each of which lasts just eight billionths of a second. The frequency spectrum of the pulses ranges up to the VHF band. Fracture direction is determined by transmitting powerful, highly directional radar pulses in a known direction from a borehole. Discontinuities in the rock will interrupt and reflect radar signals; therefore, signals that return to the tool's receiving antenna indicate the presence of fractures. The return signal's time delay translates into distances from the borehole. The transmitter and receiver rotate in place, permitting the tool to scan for fractures in all directions from the borehole.
Not Available
Fracturing Highly Disordered Materials
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
We investigate the role of disorder on the fracturing process of heterogeneous materials by means of a two-dimensional fuse network model. Our results in the extreme disorder limit reveal that the backbone of the fracture at collapse, namely, the subset of the largest fracture that effectively halts the global current, has a fractal dimension of 1.22▒0.01. This exponent value is compatible with the universality class of several other physical models, including optimal paths under strong disorder, disordered polymers, watersheds and optimal path cracks on uncorrelated substrates, hulls of explosive percolation clusters, and strands of invasion percolation fronts. Moreover, we find that the fractal dimension of the largest fracture under extreme disorder, df=1.86▒0.01, is outside the statistical error bar of standard percolation. This discrepancy is due to the appearance of trapped regions or cavities of all sizes that remain intact till the entire collapse of the fuse network, but are always accessible in the case of standard percolation. Finally, we quantify the role of disorder on the structure of the largest cluster, as well as on the backbone of the fracture, in terms of a distinctive transition from weak to strong disorder characterized by a new crossover exponent.
Moreira, A. A.; Oliveira, C. L. N.; Hansen, A.; Ara˙jo, N. A. M.; Herrmann, H. J.; Andrade, J. S., Jr.
Unilateral Preemptive Self-Defense, Has Its Time Arrived: Assessing the International Legality of Unilateral Preemptive Self-Defense in the 2002 National Security Strategy.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
In September 2002, President Bush published his first National Security Strategy (NSS) to the U.S. Congress. In this strategy, the President asserted a new doctrine of unilateral preemptive self-defense, arguing that this new doctrine is needed to adequat...
J. L. Smith
Comparison of ventilation and voice outcomes between unilateral laryngeal pacing and unilateral cordotomy for the treatment of bilateral vocal fold paralysis
Background/Aims Rehabilitation of the bilaterally paralyzed human larynx remains a complex clinical problem. Conventional treatment generally involves surgical enlargement of the compromised airway, but often with resultant dysphonia and risk of aspiration. In this retrospective study, we compared one such treatment, posterior cordotomy, against unilateral laryngeal pacing: reanimation of vocal fold opening by functional electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. Methods Post-operative peak inspiratory flow (PIF) values and overall voice grade ratings were compared between the two surgical groups, and pre and post-operative PIF were compared within the pacing group. Results There were five patients in the unilateral pacing group and 12 patients in the unilateral cordotomy group. Within the pacing group, post-operative PIF values were significantly improved from pre-operative PIF values (p=0.04) without significant effect on voice (grade) (p=0.62). Within the pacing group, the mean post-operative PIF value was significantly higher than that in the cordotomy group (p=0.05). Also, the mean post-operative overall voice grade values in the pacing group were significantly lower (better) than that of cordotomy group (p=0.03). Conclusion Unilateral pacing appears to be an effective and superior treatment to posterior cordotomy with respect to post-operative ventilation and voice outcome measures.
Li, Yike; Pearce, Elizabeth C.; Mainthia, Rajshri; Athavale, Sanjay M.; Dang, Jennifer; Ashmead, Daniel H; Garrett, C. Gaelyn; Rousseau, Bernard; Billante, Cheryl R.; Zealear, David L.
[Disorders of emotional control in schizophrenia and unilateral brain damage].
Although, emotions play a crucial role in schizophrenia, the changes in emotional dimension still remain controversial. The aim of our work was: 1) to compare the disorders of emotional control between the examined groups: S--non-chronic schizophrenic patients (n = 50), CS--chronic schizophrenic patients (n = 50), N--healthy controls (n = 50), R--right brain-damaged patients (n = 30), and L--left brain-damaged patients (n = 30), 2) to assess a level of impairment of emotional control, its relation to lateralised hemisphere damage and chronicity of schizophrenic process. All psychiatric subjects were diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenics according to DSM-IV criteria and were scored on the PANSS scale after four weeks of neuroleptic treatment. Brain-damaged patients were included if they experienced single-episode cerebrovascular accidents causing right or left hemisphere damage (confirmed in CT scan reports). The neurological patients were examined at least 3 weeks after the onset of cerebrovascular episode. Emotional control was assessed using Brzezi?ski Questionnaire of Emotional Control aimed at the evaluation of: 1) control in perception and interpretation of emotive situation, 2) emotional arousal, 3) emotional-rational motivation, and 4) acting caused by emotions. Our results revealed significantly greater impairment of emotional control in schizophrenics (chronic schizophrenics, in particular) compared to healthy volunteers. Chronicity of the schizophrenic process seemed to intensify emotional control impairment. Interestingly, no significant qualitative and quantitative differences in emotional control mechanism between unilateral brain-damaged patients and the control group were found. PMID:11877890
Kucharska-Pietura, K; Kopacz, G
Unilateral microfibrillar abnormalities in a case of asymmetric Marfan syndrome.
The Marfan syndrome is a dominantly inherited connective-tissue disorder characterized by ocular, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Although the underlying biochemical and molecular defect(s) of this pleiotropic disease is currently unknown, we have consistently observed apparent diminished content of elastin-associated microfibrillar fibers accumulating in skin, or produced by cultured fibroblasts, from patients with the Marfan syndrome and have documented the cosegregation of these immunofluorescent abnormalities of microfibrillar fibers with the Marfan syndrome phenotype in family studies. Recently, an unusual patient has been described with unilateral phenotypic features of the Marfan syndrome, providing an unique opportunity to compare microfibrillar fibers and other connective-tissue components between the affected and nonaffected sides. In the present report, we demonstrate striking differences in apparent content of microfibrillar fibers, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence of skin and fibroblast cultures, that are revealed when multiple homologous samples derived from different sides of the patient's body are compared. In contrast, no differences in apparent content of type III collagen or in the biosynthesis and apparent structure of types I and III (pro)collagens were found. HLA types and chromosome heteromorphisms were identical in fibroblasts from both sides of the body, eliminating the formal possibility of chimerism and suggesting that a postzygotic mutation accounts for the asymmetric manifestation of the Marfan syndrome in this patient. The observation of striking decreases in microfibrillar fibers on the affected side of the body provides further evidence that abnormalities of this component of the elastic fiber system may be central to the pathogenesis and possibly the etiology of the Marfan syndrome. Images Figure 5 Figure 4 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 6
Godfrey, M; Olson, S; Burgio, R G; Martini, A; Valli, M; Cetta, G; Hori, H; Hollister, D W
Fos expression in the cat brainstem after unilateral vestibular neurectomy.
Immediate early genes are generally expressed in response to sensory stimulation or deprivation and can be used for mapping brain functional activity and studying the molecular events underlying CNS plasticity. We immunohistochemically investigated Fos protein induction in the cat brainstem after unilateral vestibular neurectomy (UVN), with special reference to the vestibular nuclei (VN) and related structures. Fos-like immunoreactivity was analyzed at 2, 8, and 24 h, and 1 and 3 weeks after UVN. Data from these subgroups of cats were quantified in light microscopy and compared to those recorded in control and sham-operated animals submitted to anesthesia and anesthesia plus surgery, respectively. Results showed a very low level of Fos expression in the control and sham conditions. By contrast, Fos was consistently induced in the UVN cats. Asymmetrical labeling was found in the medial, inferior, and superior VN (ipsilateral predominance) and in the prepositus hypoglossi (PH) nuclei and the beta subnuclei of the inferior olive (betaIO) (contralateral predominance). Symmetrical staining was observed in the autonomic, tegmentum pontine, pontine gray, locus coeruleus and other reticular-related nuclei. As a rule, Fos expression peaked early (2 h) and declined progressively. However, some brainstem structures including the ipsilateral inferior VN and the bilateral pontine gray nuclei displayed a second peak of Fos expression (24 h-1 week). By comparing these data to the behavioral recovery process, we conclude that the early Fos expression likely reflects the activation of neural pathways in response to UVN whereas the delayed Fos expression might underlie long-term plastic changes involved in the recovery process. PMID:10095037
Gustave Dit Duflo, S; Gestreau, C; Tighilet, B; Lacour, M
Multimodality Diagnostic Imaging in Unilateral Acute Idiopathic Maculopathy
Objective To describe the clinical features and imaging characteristics in unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM). Methods This is a retrospective review of four patients diagnosed with UAIM. Clinical characteristics (age, symptoms, Snellen visual acuity (VA), and funduscopic features) and images from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein (FA), and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography were analyzed. Results The median age at presentation was 31 years (range 27ľ52 years). The median interval between symptom onset and presentation was four weeks (range 1ľ20 weeks). Associated systemic findings included a viral prodrome (50%), orchitis (50%), hand-foot-mouth disease (25%), and positive Coxsackie virus titers (50%). The median presenting VA was 20/400 (range 20/70ľ1/400), which improved to 20/30 (range 20/20ľ20/60) at final follow-up. The median follow-up time was 6 weeks (range 0ľ8 weeks). Early in the disease course, the central macula developed irregular, circular areas of white-grey discoloration. Following recovery, the macula had a stippled retinal pigment epithelium characterized by rarefaction and hyperplasia. FA demonstrated irregular early hyperfluorescence and late subretinal hyperfluorescence. SD-OCT showed a partially reversible disruption of the outer photoreceptor layer. FAF initially revealed stippled autofluorescence that eventually became more hypoautofluorescent. ICG showed ômoth-eatenö appearing choroidal vasculature, suggestive of choroidal inflammation. Conclusions The imaging characteristics highlight the structural changes during the active and resolution phases of UAIM. The visual recovery correlates with structural changes and suggests that the pathogenesis involves inflammation of the inner choroid, retinal pigment epithelium, and outer photoreceptor complex that is partially reversible.
Jung, Cecilia S.; Payne, John F.; Bergstrom, Chris S.; Cribbs, Blaine E.; Yan, Jiong; Hubbard, G. Baker; Olsen, Timothy W.; Yeh, Steven
Fracture Mechanics and Ambient Temperature Sustained Load Fracture.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A generalized discussion of the phenomenological dependance of ambient temperature sustained load fracture on fracture mechanics parameters is presented. The practical interpretation and application of this analysis technique during structural materials s...
R. J. H. Wanhill H. P. Vanleeuwen
Fracture-Flow-Enhanced Solute Diffusion into Fractured Rock
We propose a new conceptual model of fracture-flow-enhanced matrix diffusion, which correlates with fracture-flow velocity, i.e., matrix diffusion enhancement induced by rapid fluid flow within fractures. According to the boundary-layer or film theory, fracture flow enhanced matrix diffusion may dominate mass-transfer processes at fracture-matrix interfaces, because rapid flow along fractures results in large velocity and concentration gradients at and near fracture-matrix interfaces, enhancing matrix diffusion at matrix surfaces. In this paper, we present a new formulation of the conceptual model for enhanced fracture-matrix diffusion, and its implementation is discussed using existing analytical solutions and numerical models. In addition, we use the enhanced matrix diffusion concept to analyze laboratory experimental results from nonreactive and reactive tracer breakthrough tests, in an effort to validate the new conceptual model.
Wu, Yu-Shu; Ye, Ming; Sudicky, E.A.
DNAPL Dissolution in Bedrock Fractures And Fracture Networks.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This project focused on measuring and evaluating the architecture, dissolution rate, and impact on groundwater quality of residually trapped tetrachloroethene (PCE) dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) from discrete bedrock fractures and fracture networ...
C. Schaefer J. McCray K. Christensen P. Altman P. Clement
Fracture behavior and fracture toughness of particulate filled epoxy composites
Fracture toughness for an epoxy-TiO2 composite system was evaluated at room and liquid N2 temperature in which both the volume and the particle size of dispersoid have been changed. Fracture toughness was significantly increased by choosing the larger particle size of the dispersed second phase and low temperature testing environment. The relationship between the fracture toughness and the fracture surface
Manwar Hussain; Atsushi Nakahira; Shigehiro Nishijima; Koichi Niihara
Spontaneous subcapital femoral neck fracture complicating a healed intertrochanteric fracture
A spontaneous subcapital femoral neck fracture is an uncommon complication of a healed intertrochanteric hip fracture. To\\u000a determine the etiology of this complication, 274 patients who had been treated for intertrochanteric hip fractures were followed\\u000a up over an 8-year period from June 1988 to June 1996. We found 7 fractures of the subcapital femoral neck without a history\\u000a of a
H. Kanai; M. Igarashi; S. Yamamoto; H. Oda
Transstyloid, transscaphoid, transcapitate fracture: a variant of scaphocapitate fractures.
Transstyloid, transscaphoid, transcapitate fractures are uncommon. We report the case of a 28-year-old man who sustained this fracture following direct trauma. The patient was successfully treated by open reduction internal fixation of the scaphoid and proximal capitate fragment, with a good clinical outcome at 1-year follow-up. This pattern is a new variant of scaphocapitate fracture as involves a fracture of the radial styloid as well. PMID:24686808
Burke, Neil G; Cosgrave, Ciaran H; O'Neill, Barry James; Kelly, Eamonn P
Treatment of Clavicle Fractures
Summary Clavicle fractures are very common injuries in adults (2ľ5%) and children (10ľ15%) (1) and represent the 44ľ66% of all shoulder fractures (2). Despite the high frequency the choice of proper treatment is still a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. With this review we wants to focus the attention on the basic epidemiology, anatomy, classification, evaluation and management of surgical treatments in relationship with the gravity of injuries. Both conservative and surgical management are possible, and surgeons must choose the most appropriate management modality according to the biologic age, functional demands, and type of lesion. We performed a review of the English literature thought PubMed to produce an evidence-based review of current concept and management of clavicle fracture. We finished taking a comparison with our survey in order to underline our direct experience.
Paladini, P; Pellegrini, A; Merolla, G; Campi, F; Porcellini, G
Fracking, fracture, and permeability
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Injections of large volumes of water into tight shale reservoirs allows the extraction of oil and gas not previously accessible. This large volume 'super' fracking induces damage that allows the oil and/or gas to flow to an extraction well. The purpose of this paper is to provide a model for understanding super fracking. We assume that water is injected from a small spherical cavity into a homogeneous elastic medium. The high pressure of the injected water generates hoop stresses that reactivate natural fractures in the tight shales. These fractures migrate outward as water is added creating a spherical shell of damaged rock. The porosity associated with these fractures is equal to the water volume injected. We obtain an analytic expression for this volume. We apply our model to a typical tight shale reservoir and show that the predicted water volumes are in good agreement with the volumes used in super fracking.
Turcotte, D. L.; Norris, J.; Rundle, J. B.
Fractures of the foot in children usually have a good prognosis and generally are treated nonoperatively. Displaced fractures of the talus and calcaneus and tarsometatarsal dislocations are rare in children and their outcome is generally good in the younger child. Older adolescents with these injuries need treatment similar to how an adult would be treated for the same injury in order to achieve a good result. Foot fractures in children may pose a diagnostic challenge particularly in the absence of obvious radiographic changes. Repeated clinical examination and judicious use of imaging techniques such as isotope bone scans and magnetic resonance imaging are needed to establish a diagnosis. Knowledge of the anatomy and significance of accessory bones of the foot and disorders of the growing foot skeleton are helpful in managing injuries of child's foot. In this study, we review common injuries of a child's foot and include a discussion on differential diagnosis. PMID:15738810
Ribbans, William J; Natarajan, Ramanathan; Alavala, Sairam
Biomechanical comparison of flexible stainless steel and titanium nails with external fixation using a femur fracture model.
There are several options available for surgical stabilization of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the stability afforded by Ender stainless steel nails, titanium elastic nails, and one-plane unilateral external fixators for the fixation using a synthetic adolescent midshaft femur fracture model. The anterior-posterior (sagittal plane) bending, lateral (coronal plane) bending, torsional, and axial stiffness values were calculated using 6 different fixation configurations. These included pairs of 3.5-mm-diameter Ender nails with and without distal locking, 3.5- and 4.0-mm-diameter titanium elastic nails as well as single- and double-stacked monolateral external fixators. Eight synthetic femur models, 4 each with simulated transverse and comminuted fracture patterns, were sequentially tested for stability afforded by the various fracture fixation configurations. External fixation exhibited significantly greater control of anterior-posterior angulation compared with all flexible-nailing systems. Although Ender nails were slightly superior to titanium nails in control of sagittal plane angulation, this was not statistically significant. Compared with the external fixation constructs, all 4 flexible nail constructs demonstrated higher torsional stability. For prevention of axial shortening, all fixation methods were similar for the transverse fracture pattern, whereas external fixation was superior to flexible nails in the comminuted fracture model. No significant benefit was demonstrated with double stacking of external fixators. These findings may help guide clinicians choose the optimal fixation method for treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. PMID:16557131
Mani, Usha S; Sabatino, Christopher T; Sabharwal, Sanjeev; Svach, David J; Suslak, Adam; Behrens, Fred F
Clinical Application of 3D-FIESTA Image in Patients with Unilateral Inner Ear Symptom
Background and Objectives Unilateral auditory dysfunction such as tinnitus and hearing loss could be a warning sign of a retrocochlear lesion. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and internal auditory canal magnetic resonance image (MRI) are suggested as novel diagnostic tools for retrocochlear lesions. However, the high cost of MRI and the low sensitivity of the ABR test could be an obstacle when assessing patients with unilateral ear symptoms. The purpose of this study was to introduce the clinical usefulness of three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D-FIESTA) MRI in patients with unilateral ear symptoms. Subjects and Methods Two hundred and fifty-three patients with unilateral tinnitus or unilateral hearing loss who underwent 3D-FIESTA temporal bone MRI as a screening test were enrolled. We reviewed the abnormal findings in the 3D-FIESTA images and ear symptoms using the medical records. Results In patients with unilateral ear symptoms, 51.0% of the patients had tinnitus and 32.8% patients were assessed to have sudden sensory neural hearing loss. With 3D-FIESTA imaging, twelve patients were diagnosed with acoustic neuroma, four with enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome, and two with posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm. Inner ear anomalies and vestibulocochlear nerve aplasia could be diagnosed with 3D-FIESTA imaging. Conclusions 3D-FIESTA imaging is a highly sensitive method for the diagnosis of cochlear or retrocochlear lesions. 3D-FIESTA imaging is a useful screening tool for patients with unilateral ear symptoms.
Oh, Jae Ho; Chung, Jae Ho; Min, Hyun Jung; Cho, Seok Hyun; Park, Chul Won
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal unilateral lung agenesis complicated with cardiac malposition
Background Fetal unilateral lung agenesis, complicated with cardiac shifting, is a rare anomaly, the diagnosis of which remains a challenge for many sonographers in routine screening programs. The present study describes a systematic approach for the diagnosis of fetal unilateral lung agenesis and cardiac malpositions in routine prenatal screening. Methods A total of 18 cases of fetal unilateral lung agenesis complicated with cardiac malposition were reviewed. A systematic method was proposed to identify the fetal left side and right side according to the fetal head position and posture by acquiring a long axis and transverse view of the fetus. Fetal unilateral lung agenesis was diagnosed by evaluation of the ipsilateral pulmonary artery. The diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal echocardiography, digital radiology, and computed tomography after birth or by autopsy findings. Results The left-sided fetal heart with the cardiac apex rotating to the left and posterior were confirmed in all 7 left lung agenesis cases, while the rightward shifting of the fetal heart together with the cardiac axis deviating to the right were confirmed in all 11 cases of right lung agenesis. The disappearance of the ipsilateral pulmonary artery was confirmed in all 18 cases of unilateral lung agenesis. Cardiac anomalies were present in a total of 7 of the18 cases of lung agenesis with 4 of 7 in cases of left lung agenesis and 3 of 11 in cases of right agenesis. Conclusions The systematic approach introduced in the current report is helpful in the diagnosis of fetal unilateral lung agenesis complicated with cardiac malposition. The information provided by this study may be helpful to better understand unilateral lung agenesis anatomically and to facilitate its potential examination.
Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
... are ? exion, extension, and rotation. Flexion Fracture Pattern Compression fracture. While the front (anterior) of the ... height and landing on the feet. Extension Fracture Pattern Flexion/distraction (Chance) fracture. The vertebra is literally ...
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Hydraulic fracturing is a process used in nine out of 10 natural gas wells in the United States, where millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals are pumped underground to break apart the rock and release the gas. Scientists are worried that the chemicals used in fracturing may pose a threat either underground or when waste fluids are handled and sometimes spilled on the surface. This poster presentation illustrates the under surface process of hydraulic fracking and the distribution flow to the market.
Early diagnosis of vertebral fractures
Summary Vertebral fractures are a common clinical entity, caused by trauma or related to osteoporosis (benign). Their recognition is especially important in the post-menopausal female population but also important is their differentiation from pathological (malignant) fractures (1). A vertebral fracture is evidenced by vertebral body deformity or reduction in vertebral body height beyond a certain threshold value in the absence of bone discontinuity. For prognosis and treatment it is extremely important to recognize the cause of the fracture. In contrast to fractures that occur in other locations, vertebral fractures often go unrecognized in the acute phase as the pain may be transient and radiographic and evaluation of the spine may be difficult (2). Objective measurement of the vertebral deformity provides invaluable information to the interpreting physician and helps grade fracture severity. The recognition and diagnosis of vertebral fractures can be performed using additional diagnostic tools.
Guglielmi, Giuseppe; di Chio, Francesca; Vergini, Maria Rita Delle; La Porta, Michele; Nasuto, Michelangelo; Di Primio, Luigia Anna
Fractures of the coracoid process.
We reviewed 67 consecutive patients with fractures of the coracoid process, classifying them by the relationship between the fracture site and the coracoclavicular ligament. The 53 type-I fractures were behind the attachment of this ligament, and the 11 type-II fractures were anterior to it. The relationship of three fractures was uncertain. Type-I fractures were associated with a wide variety of shoulder injuries and consequent dissociation between the scapula and the clavicle. Treatment was usually by open reduction and fixation for type-I fractures and conservative methods for type-II. At follow-up of the 45 available patients, 87% had excellent results, with no significant differences between the operative and non-operative groups or between the type-I and type-II fractures. We consider that operative treatment should be reserved for patients with multiple shoulder injuries with severe disruption of the scapuloclavicular connection. PMID:9020438
Ogawa, K; Yoshida, A; Takahashi, M; Ui, M
Progressive Fracture of Composite Structures
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A new approach is described for evaluating fracture in composite structures. This approach is independent of classical fracture mechanics parameters like fracture toughness. It relies on computational simulation and is programmed in a stand-alone integrated computer code. It is multiscale, multifunctional because it includes composite mechanics for the composite behavior and finite element analysis for predicting the structural response. It contains seven modules; layered composite mechanics (micro, macro, laminate), finite element, updating scheme, local fracture, global fracture, stress based failure modes, and fracture progression. The computer code is called CODSTRAN (Composite Durability Structural ANalysis). It is used in the present paper to evaluate the global fracture of four composite shell problems and one composite built-up structure. Results show that the composite shells and the built-up composite structure global fracture are enhanced when internal pressure is combined with shear loads.
Chamis, Christos C.; Minnetyan, Levon
Fracture Mechanics of PGX Graphite.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Fracture mechanics tests were performed on grade PGX graphite. A compact tension specimen configuration which yields consistent values of the opening mode critical stress intensity factor K/sub IC/, was designed. For the calculation of the fracture toughn...
F. H. Ho R. E. Vollman A. D. Cull
Fracture Mechanics of Inelastic Polymers.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The author's Generalized Theory of Fracture Mechanics has been applied to several quite different polymeric materials which have in common a nonlinear and inelastic deformation behaviour. Thus the normal Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics cannot be applied...
E. H. Andrews
Preventing Falls and Related Fractures
... your browser. Home Bone Basics Falls and Fractures Preventing Falls and Related Fractures Publication available in: PDF ( ... Senior Health) CaÝdas y fracturas (NIA) Directorĺs Comments: Preventing Falls
Early diagnosis of vertebral fractures.
Vertebral fractures are a common clinical entity, caused by trauma or related to osteoporosis (benign). Their recognition is especially important in the post-menopausal female population but also important is their differentiation from pathological (malignant) fractures (1). A vertebral fracture is evidenced by vertebral body deformity or reduction in vertebral body height beyond a certain threshold value in the absence of bone discontinuity. For prognosis and treatment it is extremely important to recognize the cause of the fracture. In contrast to fractures that occur in other locations, vertebral fractures often go unrecognized in the acute phase as the pain may be transient and radiographic and evaluation of the spine may be difficult (2). Objective measurement of the vertebral deformity provides invaluable information to the interpreting physician and helps grade fracture severity. The recognition and diagnosis of vertebral fractures can be performed using additional diagnostic tools. PMID:23858304
Guglielmi, Giuseppe; di Chio, Francesca; Vergini, Maria Rita Delle; La Porta, Michele; Nasuto, Michelangelo; Di Primio, Luigia Anna
Fractures of the coracoid process.
We have reviewed 12 fractures of the coracoid process. In two of these patients the fracture extended into the body of the scapula and resulted in displacement of the glenoid. In some cases, there were associated acromioclavicular and glenohumeral dislocations or fractures of the clavicle and the acromion. Two patients required internal fixation to restore congruence of the glenoid; the others were treated conservatively with success. We present a new classification of coracoid fractures which helps in their management. PMID:7744929
Eyres, K S; Brooks, A; Stanley, D
Stress fractures can occur in almost any bone in the body, with the lower extremity weightbearing bones, especially the tibia, tarsals, and metatarsals, being affected most frequently. Although the cause of these fractures is multifactoral, repetitive physical forces without adequate rest are the primary culprits. Stress fractures may be broadly classified as low-risk or high-risk injuries. Low-risk stress fractures, the
Barry P. Boden; Daryl C. Osbahr; Carlos Jimenez
FTRANS. Radionuclide Transport Fractured Rock
FTRANS (Fractured flow and Transport of RAdioNuclideS) is a two-dimensional finite-element code designed to simulate ground-water flow and transport of radioactive nuclides in a fractured porous return medium. FTRANS takes into account fluid interactions between the fractures and porous matrix blocks, advective-dispersive transport in the fractures and diffusion in the porous matrix blocks, and chain reactions of radionuclide components. It
Bite Force Measurement in Mandibular Parasymphyseal Fractures: A Preliminary Clinical Study
We measured the amount of bite force generated by patients treated for parasymphyseal fractures of the mandible by open reduction and internal fixation at various predetermined time intervals. Sixty volunteers ranging from 18 to 60 years old were selected as the control group. All measurements were made on a bite force measurement device with the head in an upright position and in an unsupported natural position. Bite forces were measured at the incisor and right and left molar regions. These bite forces were compared with six patients with isolated mandibular unilateral parasymphyseal fractures. All patients were operated using open reduction and internal fixation using two miniplates at the fracture site. In the volunteer group, bite forces ranged from 22 to 50 kg in the molar region and 3 to 27 kg in the incisor region. Mean adult healthy values (male and female) in the molar region were 36 kg and in the incisor region, 15 kg. In mandibular parasymphyseal fractures, incisor bite forces were reduced significantly when compared with the control group in the first 2 postoperative weeks and regained significantly thereafter till 4 to 6 weeks. Bite forces in the molar region took ~6 to 12 weeks to regain maximum bite forces when compared with the volunteer group. Restoration of functional bite forces was evident by 6 to 8 weeks. However, the restoration of maximum bite forces may require up to 12 weeks in parasymphyseal fractures.
Kshirsagar, Rajesh; Jaggi, Nitin; Halli, Rajshekhar
Executive functioning in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: protocol for a cross-sectional study
Introduction Early brain injury, as found in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP), may cause deficits in higher-order cognitive tasks known as executive functions (EF). EF has been conceptualised as comprised of four distinct yet inter-related components: (1) attentional control, (2) cognitive flexibility, (3) goal setting and (4) information processing. The aim of this study was to examine EF in children with unilateral CP and compare their performance with a typically developing reference group (TDC). The potential laterality effects of unilateral CP on EF will be explored, as will the relationship between the cognitive measures of EF, behavioural manifestations of EF, psychological functioning and clinical features of unilateral CP. Methods and analysis This cross-sectional study aims to recruit a total of 42 children with unilateral CP (21 right unilateral CP and 21 left unilateral CP) and 21 TDC aged between 8 and 16?years. Clinical severity will be described for gross motor function and manual ability. Outcomes for cognitive EF measureswill include subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenŚFourth Edition, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, Rey Complex Figure Test and the Test of Everyday Attention for Children. Behavioural manifestations of EF will be assessed using the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Parent and Teacher versions. Psychological functioning will be examined using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Between-groups differences will be examined in a series of one-way analyses of covariance and followed up using linear comparisons. An overall composite of cognitive EF measures will be created. Bivariate correlations between the EF composite and psychological measures will be calculated. Ethics and dissemination This protocol describes a study that, to our knowledge, is the first to examine multiple components of EF using a cohort of children with unilateral CP. Exploration of potential laterality effects of EF among children with a congenital, unilateral brain injury is also novel. Possible relationships between EF and psychological functioning will also be investigated. Ethics have been obtained through the University of Queensland School of Psychology Ethics Committee and the Queensland Children's Health Services Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated in peer reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences. This study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000263998).
Bodimeade, Harriet L; Whittingham, Koa; Lloyd, Owen; Boyd, Roslyn N
Serial pathologic fractures of five long bones on four separate occasions in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism, challenges of management in a developing country: a case report
Multiple pathologic fractures secondary to parathyroid adenoma is rarely recognized and reported in the tropics. Inadequate evaluation causes worsened disability and increased psychological stress. We present a 27-year-old Nigerian male student with recurrent unexplained pathological fractures of the long bones. Primary Hyperparathyroidism was later diagnosed and he benefited from a unilateral parathyroidectomy. Primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to parathyroid adenoma is difficult to diagnose and needs a high index of suspicion. Surgery and good post-operative biochemical control of serum calcium produce satisfying outcomes.
Olatoke, Samuel Adegboyega; Agodirin, Olayide Sulaiman; Rahman, Ganiyu Adebisi; Habeeb, Olufemi Gbenga; Jimoh, Rabiu Olusegun; Ahmed, Bola Abdulkadir; Biliaminu, Sikiru; Oyedepo, Olanrewaju Olubukola
Computer model for ductile fracture
A computer model is described for predicting ductile fracture initiation and propagation. The computer fracture model is calibrated by simple and notched round-bar tension tests and a precracked compact tension test. The model is used to predict fracture initiation and propagation in a Charpy specimen and compare the results with experiments. The calibrated model provides a correlation between Charpy V-notch
B. Moran; J. E. Reaugh
Hip Fractures among Older Adults
... this Page How big is the problem? What outcomes are linked to hip fractures? Who is at risk? How can hip fractures be prevented? References Hip fractures are serious fall injuries that often result in long-term functional impairment, nursing home admission and increased mortality. 1,2 As ...
Wormhole formation in dissolving fractures
We investigate the dissolution of artificial fractures with three-dimensional, pore-scale numerical simulations. The fluid velocity in the fracture space was determined from a lattice Boltzmann method, and a stochastic solver was used for the transport of dissolved species. Numerical simulations were used to study conditions under which long conduits (wormholes) form in an initially rough but spatially homogeneous fracture. The
P. Szymczak; A. J. C. Ladd
Seismoacoustic signatures of fracture connectivity
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) between fractures and the embedding matrix as well as within connected fractures tends to produce significant seismic attenuation and velocity dispersion. While WIFF between fractures and matrix is well understood, the corresponding effects related to fracture connectivity and the characteristics of the energy dissipation due to flow within fractures are largely unexplored. In this work, we use oscillatory relaxation simulations based on the quasi-static poroelastic equations to study these phenomena. We first consider synthetic rock samples containing connected and unconnected fractures and compute the corresponding attenuation and phase velocity. We also determine the relative fluid displacement and pressure fields in order to gain insight into the physical processes involved in the two manifestations of WIFF in fractured media. To quantify the contributions of the two WIFF mechanisms to the total seismic attenuation, we compute the spatial distribution of the local energy dissipation. Finally, we perform an exhaustive sensitivity analysis to study the role played by different characteristics of fracture networks on the seismic signatures. We show that in the presence of connected fractures both P wave attenuation and phase velocity are sensitive to some key characteristics of the probed medium, notably to the lengths, permeabilities, and intersection angles of the fractures as well as to the overall degree of connectivity of the fracture network. This, in turn, indicates that a deeper understanding of these two manifestations of WIFF in fractured media may eventually allow for the extraction of some of these properties from seismic data.
Rubino, J. Germßn.; MŘller, Tobias M.; Guarracino, Luis; Milani, Marco; Holliger, Klaus
Interventions for treating calcaneal fractures
Background: Fracture of the calcaneus (os calcis or heel bone) comprises one to two per cent of all fractures.Objectives: To identify and evaluate randomized trials of treatments for calcaneal fractures.Search strategy: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group Trials Register were searched. We checked reference lists of relevant articles and contacted trialists and
S. A. Bridgman; K. M. Dunn; D. J. McBride; P. J. Richards
Computed tomography of calcaneal fractures
Computed tomography (CT) of 25 fractured calcanei was performed to investigate the potential of CT in evaluating the pattern and biomechanics of these fractures. The characteristic findings of typical fractures are presented, including the number and type of principal fragments, size and dislocation of the sustentacular fragment, and involvement of the anterior and posterior facets of the subtalar joint. In
Laos Heger; Knster Wulff; M. S. A. Seddiqi
Fractures in the Collegiate Athlete
Purpose: To determine the demographics and incidence of fractures in collegiate athletes.Study Design: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.Methods: Division I collegiate athletes who sustained a fracture while enrolled at the university from 1986 to 2000 were identified through training room records. Type and location of fracture, sport, gender, age, position, height, and weight were recorded and analyzed. Team information
Sharon L. Hame; Jennifer M. LaFemina; David R. McAllister; Geoffrey W. Schaadt; Frederick J. Dorey
Lithospheric flexure at fracture zones
Studies attempting to demonstrate that lithospheric flexure occurs across the Pioneer and Mendocino fracture zones, and that the flexural topography is a topographic expression at these fracture zones, are presented. The flexure is modelled and compared with predicted depths with five bathymetric profiles which cross the two fracture zones at different ages. The model uses a thin elastic plate overlying
David Sandwell; Gerald Schubert
Computer simulation of hydraulic fractures
We provide a brief historical background of the development of hydraulic fracturing models for use in the petroleum and other industries. We discuss scaling laws and the propagation regimes that control the growth of hydraulic fractures from the laboratory to the field scale. We introduce the mathematical equations and boundary conditions that govern the hydraulic fracturing process, and discuss numerical
J. Adachi; E. Siebrits; A. Peirce; J. Desroches
Acute unilateral hearing loss as an unusual presentation of cholesteatoma
Background Cholesteatomas are epithelial cysts that contain desquamated keratin. Patients commonly present with progressive hearing loss and a chronically discharging ear. We report an unusual presentation of the disease with an acute hearing loss suffered immediately after prolonged use of a pneumatic drill. Case presentation A 41 year old man with no previous history of ear problems presented with a sudden loss of hearing in his right ear immediately following the prolonged use of a pneumatic drill on concrete. The cause was found to be a fractured long process of incus which had been eroded by the presence of an attic cholesteatoma. A tympanomastoidectomy and ossiculoplasty was performed with good result. Conclusion Cholesteatomas may be asymptomatic and insidious in their onset. This case illustrates the point that an indolent disease such as this may present in unusual ways and the clinician must always have a high index of suspicion combined with thorough assessment and examination of every patient.
Thio, Daniel; Ahmed, Shahzada K; Bickerton, Richard C
Fanconi's anaemia and unilateral thumb polydactyly--don't miss it.
Fanconi's anaemia (FA) is a rare, life threatening inherited syndrome. Patients usually present late in the first decade of life with aplastic anaemia or acute myeloid leukaemia. FA children are also at high risk of solid organ tumours, anogenital squamous cancers, and endocrinopathies. These patients can present with unilateral radial abnormalities including thumb duplication. Hand surgeons can help achieve early diagnosis and improved survival in this group by early referral for screening. In a retrospective study of 202 children with radial ray anomalies seen over a 20 year period seven children had FA. Of these seven with FA, four had bilateral thumb hypoplasia and three had unilateral thumb anomalies--two unilateral thumb hypoplasias and one thumb duplication. The three children with unilateral anomalies were diagnosed late, presenting with bone marrow failure. All three have subsequently died following late bone marrow transplants. This study highlights the link between unilateral radial anomalies, including thumb duplication and FA and the importance of early genetic referral for diagnosis and surveillance. PMID:22386531
Wilks, D J; Kay, S P J; Bourke, G
Unilateral childhood blindness: a hospital-based study in Yaound?, Cameroon
Introduction: We performed an analytic and prospective study over a period of 12 months from January 2nd to December 31st, 2008, at the Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of YaoundÚ, Cameroon. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and causes of unilateral blindness in school children aged 6 to 15 years. Results: Among the 1,266 children aged 6 to 15 years who were recruited, 60 presented with unilateral blindness (4.7%): 42 boys (6.96%) and 18 girls (2.71%). The mean age was 10.15 ▒ 3.4 years. In patients with unilateral blindness, 65% was due to ocular trauma. Discussion: The hospital-based prevalence of unilateral blindness in children is relatively high and ocular trauma is the leading etiology. Conclusion: Unilateral blindness in school children is avoidable and its incidence could be markedly reduced by emphasizing an information strategy and education based on prevention of ocular trauma. Early management of nontraumatic diseases such as infantile glaucoma and some tumors could improve outcome and avoid blindness.
Eballe, Andre Omgbwa; Epee, Emilienne; Koki, Godefroy; Bella, Lucienne; Mvogo, Come Ebana
Midterm outcome after unilateral approach for bilateral decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis: 5-year prospective study
The aim of our study is to evaluate the results and effectiveness of bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. We have conducted a prospective study to compare the midterm outcome of unilateral laminotomy with unilateral laminectomy. One hundred patients with 269 levels of lumbar stenosis without instability were randomized to two treatment groups: unilateral laminectomy (Group 1), and laminotomy (Group 2). Clinical outcomes were assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Short Formľ36 Health Survey (SF-36). Spinal canal size was measured pre- and postoperatively. The spinal canal was increased to 4ľ6.1-fold (mean 5.1á▒áSD 0.8-fold) the preoperative size in Group 1, and 3.3ľ5.9-fold (mean 4.7á▒áSD 1.1-fold) the preoperative size in Group 2. The mean follow-up time was 5.4áyears (range 4ľ7 years). The ODI scores decreased significantly in both early and late follow-up evaluations and the SF-36 scores demonstrated significant improvement in late follow-up results in our series. Analysis of clinical outcome showed no statistical differences between two groups. For degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis unilateral approaches allowed sufficient and safe decompression of the neural structures and adequate preservation of vertebral stability, resulted in a highly significant reduction of symptoms and disability, and improved health-related quality of life.
Kaya, Ramazan Alper; Turkmenoglu, Osman Nuri; Tuncer, Cengiz; Colak, Ibrahim; Ayd?n, Yunus
Spectral moment analysis of unilateral vocal fold paralysis.
Many acoustic measures have been used to assess and track the voices of patients with voice problems. Some of these measures rely on the accurate measurement of fundamental frequency to produce reliable results. Patients with voice disorders often produce voices with considerable quasiperiodicity or aperiodicity. There are other measurements that do not depend on the accurate tracking of fundamental frequency by computing the spectrum of the sound and comparing different parts of the spectrum. The moments of the spectral distribution may also be important measurements to use in patients with voice problems. Several studies have reported good results using these measures to track treatment progress. In this study, spectral moments were used to assess the effectiveness of two treatment approaches in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Twenty-six patients with UVFP and dysphonia (16 female and 10 male patients) were studied. Thirteen underwent surgery to improve their voice, whereas the other 13 received voice therapy. The patients were recorded at three time intervals: before the start of treatment, about 1 month after treatment has been completed, and at 3 months after treatment. They produced three types of speech material, vowels /ah/ and /oo/ and a simple sentence. The first four spectral moments (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) were computed from the long-term average spectrum. Severity of voice dysphonia was rated on a 11-point scale ranging from 0 (normal) to 10 (aphonic). There were no statistical differences between males and females for any of the four moments. There was also no difference between the two treatment types. There were differences among the three types of speech material for moments 1 and 3. There were also differences for moments 1, 2, and 3 for the three treatment conditions with most of the differences occurring between the pretreatment and first posttreatment condition. Severity of dysphonia decreased significantly from the pretreatment to either of the two posttreatment conditions. Spectral moments appear to be viable acoustic measurements to use to assess the effects of treatment on the voice of patients with UVFP. PMID:20813498
Colton, Raymond H; Paseman, Ashley; Kelley, Richard T; Stepp, Debra; Casper, Janina K
Calcaneus (Heel Bone) Fractures
... the Achilles tendon acts through the calcaneus to support your body weight. If the calcaneus is deformed following an ... a more detailed, cross-sectional image of your body. It can provide your ... fracture. Studying CT scans helps your doctor plan your treatment. He or ...
NSDL National Science Digital Library
In this activity, students will learn the properties of cleavage and fracture (how minerals break when struck with a hammer), and will use these properties as a diagnostic test for identifying minerals. Working in small groups, they will break a selection of specimens with a hammer, observe the results, and record their observations. A student worksheet and discussion questions are provided.
In order to clarify the respective roles of stress wave and gas pressure in the fragmentation of an underground blast the fracture process in the zone immediately around the borehole was studied by separating the 2 principal blast forces analytically and experimentally. In model tests the explosion wave was simulated by the pulse generated by an underwater spark discharge, and
H. K. Kutter; C. Fairhurst
Infiltration into fractured bedrock
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
One potential consequence of global climate change and rapid changes in land use is an increased risk of flooding. Proper understanding of floodwater infiltration thus becomes a crucial component of our preparedness to meet the environmental challenges of projected climate change. In this paper, we present the results of a long-term infiltration experiment performed on fractured ash flow tuff. Water was released from a 3 Î 4 m2 infiltration plot (divided into 12 square subplots) with a head of ś0.04 m, over a period of ś800 days. This experiment revealed peculiar infiltration patterns not amenable to current infiltration models, which were originally developed for infiltration into soils over a short duration. In particular, we observed that in part of the infiltration plot, the infiltration rate abruptly increased a few weeks into the infiltration tests. We suggest that these anomalies result from increases in fracture permeability during infiltration, which may be caused by swelling of clay fillings and/or erosion of infill debris. Interaction of the infiltration water with subsurface natural cavities (lithophysal cavities) could also contribute to such anomalies. This paper provides a conceptual model that partly describes the observed infiltration patterns in fractured rock and highlights some of the pitfalls associated with direct extension of soil infiltration models to fractured rock over a long period.
Salve, Rohit; Ghezzehei, Teamrat A.; Jones, Robert
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The fracture mechanics of crystalline Si are reviewed, together with known techniques for minimizing the occurences of fracture and/or their effects. The fracture toughness (Kic) of Si varies only 10 percent from cell-to-cell and standard values have been established for different types of crystalline Si cells. A critical flaw size of 10-100 microns has been identified, and also pertains to polycrystalline materials. Chemical polishing is known to double the value of Kic, while edge rounding has no effect. Internal stresses, particularly those caused during ribbon growth, do not exceed 10 percent of Kic. External stresses are imposed by the module hardware and the ambient environment. Multiple contacts reduce the effects of cell fracture and series-parallel wiring in modules in arrays ameliorates the effects of single-cell failures. During manufacturing, maintenance of quality control and removal of sheets displaying aberrations can, depending on the costs and the implementation of the array reliability features, result in arrays delivering any desired level of reliability.
Leipold, M. H.; Chen, C. P.
Statistical Physics of Fracture
Disorder and long-range interactions are two of the key components that make material failure an interesting playfield for the application of statistical mechanics. The cornerstone in this respect has been lattice models of the fracture in which a network of elastic beams, bonds, or electrical fuses with random failure thresholds are subject to an increasing external load. These models describe on a qualitative level the failure processes of real, brittle, or quasi-brittle materials. This has been particularly important in solving the classical engineering problems of material strength: the size dependence of maximum stress and its sample-to-sample statistical fluctuations. At the same time, lattice models pose many new fundamental questions in statistical physics, such as the relation between fracture and phase transitions. Experimental results point out to the existence of an intriguing crackling noise in the acoustic emission and of self-affine fractals in the crack surface morphology. Recent advances in computer power have enabled considerable progress in the understanding of such models. Among these partly still controversial issues, are the scaling and size-effects in material strength and accumulated damage, the statistics of avalanches or bursts of microfailures, and the morphology of the crack surface. Here we present an overview of the results obtained with lattice models for fracture, highlighting the relations with statistical physics theories and more conventional fracture mechanics approaches.
Alava, Mikko [Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland; Nukala, Phani K [ORNL; Zapperi, Stefano [University of La Sapienza, Rome
Tracer tests are conducted in geothermal reservoirs as an aid in forecasting thermal breakthrough of reinjection water. To interpret tracer tests, mathematical models have been developed based on the various transport mechanisms in these highly fractured reservoirs. These tracer flow models have been applied to interpret field tests. The resulting matches between the model and field data were excellent and the model parameters were used to estimate reservoir properties. However, model fitting is an indirect process and the model's ability to estimate reservoir properties cannot be judged solely on the quality of the match between field data and model predictions. The model's accuracy in determining reservoir characteristics must be independently verified in a closely controlled environment. In this study, the closely controlled laboratory environment was chosen to test the validity and accuracy of tracer flow models developed specifically for flow in fractured rocks. The laboratory tracer tests were performed by flowing potassium iodide (KI) through artificially fractured core samples. The tracer test results were then analyzed with several models to determine which best fit the measured data. A Matrix Diffusion model was found to provide the best match of the tracer experiments. The core properties, as estimated by the Matrix Diffusion model parameters generated from the indirect matching process, were then determined. These calculated core parameters were compared to the measured core properties and were found to be in agreement. This verifies the use of the Matrix Diffusion flow model in estimating fracture widths from tracer tests.
Johns, R.A.
Fracture of sandwiched composites
Fracture of a pair of collinear cracks in various materials, such as an isotropic strip, an orthotropic strip, a bonded isotropic adhesive layer, and sandwiched orthotropic layers, is investigated. The crack surfaces are subjected to an arbitrary opening pressure p(x). The problems are formulated in terms of Fredholm integral equation of the second kind by making use the techniques of
Lin; Weh-Huei
Fracture Surfaces of Paperclips
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This video features a Penn State University professor, Dr. Chris Muhlstein, who explains that the fracture surface of a paper clip is a map of how it failed, to a trained eye. He invites us to view a variety of surfaces with a virtual microscope.
Fracture/matrix interaction in a fracture of finite extent
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The behavior of a wetting front invading a fracture in an unsaturated, porous matrix is of some importance for understanding infiltration and recharge processes, contaminant transport, and similar topics. Previous investigators have examined this problem, and a number of models have been published in the literature. It is, however, difficult to observe processes inside a fracture, particularly in a field setting. Many models of fracture flow and fracture/matrix interaction therefore lack an observable quantity and instead rely on comparisons with numerical simulations to test the validity of the theoretical constructs. Here a method is proposed that avoids this difficulty by analyzing flow in a finite fracture or fracture network. The fracture is considered finite because, after some interval of injecting water to the fracture at a constant rate, the wetting front reaches the far end of the fracture and exits at a point where it can be monitored. The discharge from the fracture constitutes an observable quantity and allows comparison with field or laboratory data. A curve matching procedure is described by which parameters characterizing the fracture/matrix system may be estimated, and the method is demonstrated using output from a numerical simulation, data from a laboratory experiment, and data from two field tests.
Fairley, Jerry P.
"Phoenix jaw"-bone regeneration of the necrotic mandible between pathological fractures: an unusual but evocative course of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis.
Management of advanced bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, particularly in cases of pathological fractures with extraoral fistulas, is a challenging responsibility for craniomaxillofacial specialists. Although a periosteal reaction is occasionally observed in cases with extensive sequestra, few reports have documented circumferential periosteal osseous formation resulting in bone repair. We present the case of a 78-year-old woman who was treated for breast cancer and received intravenous bisphosphonates. She had bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with bilateral pathological fractures of the mandible. During the course of minimally invasive treatment, the necrotic segment was separated with circumferential exposure, and new bone spontaneously formed with osseous union to the unilateral fractured stump. The present case typically highlights the potential of periosteal osteogenesis to regain an acceptable state even for patients with severe "bis-phossy jaw," particularly those with pathological fractures, although we do not advocate the universality of the phenomenon presented as "phoenix jaw." PMID:24978685
Imai, Tomoaki; Michizawa, Masahiro
Entablature: fracture types and mechanisms
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Entablature is the term used to describe zones or tiers of irregular jointing in basaltic lava flows. It is thought to form when water from rivers dammed by the lava inundates the lava flow surface, and during lava-meltwater interaction in subglacial settings. A number of different fracture types are described in entablature outcrops from the B˙rfell lava and older lava flows in Ůjˇrsßrdalur, southwest Iceland. These are: striae-bearing, column-bounding fractures and pseudopillow fracture systems that themselves consist of two different fracture typesŚmaster fractures with dimpled surface textures and subsidiary fractures with curved striae. The interaction of pseudopillow fracture systems and columnar jointing in the entablature produces the chevron fracture patterns that are commonly observed in entablature. Cube-jointing is a more densely fractured version of entablature, which likely forms when more coolant enters the hot lava. The entablature tiers display closely spaced striae and dendritic crystal shapes which indicate rapid cooling. Master fracture surfaces show a thin band with an evolved composition at the fracture surface; mineral textures in this band also show evidence of quenching of this material. This is interpreted as gas-driven filter pressing of late-stage residual melt that is drawn into an area of low pressure immediately preceding or during master fracture formation by ductile extensional fracture of hot, partially crystallised lava. This melt is then quenched by an influx of water and/or steam when the master fracture fully opens. Our findings suggest that master fractures are the main conduit for coolant entering the lava flow during entablature formation.
Forbes, A. E. S.; Blake, S.; Tuffen, H.
Stiffness in healing fractures.
Methods are available for direct measurement of stiffness in fracture healing. The methods are generally dissimilar in their technique and in some cases the applied assumptions are contrary to the principles of basic mechanics. External fixation provides the potential for direct measurement of fragment end movement, and techniques associated with this type of treatment have been applied in Belgium on more than 500 patients. These results are generally presented as decreases in flexure of the fixator bar due to constant loading, representative of increases in fracture stiffness. The same procedure is adopted to internal fixation plates and also direct strain gauge application to the healing bone--there are obvious complications due to electrical connections in the latter case. The biomedical changes occurring during healing are illustrated by the work at Cardiff where a biphase characteristic has been identified. The method used has the disadvantage in requiring the removal of the fixator for the application of the stiffness sensor recording deflection and rotation. The advantages of the technique include the more precise modeling of the bending characteristic of the tibia (the results refer to this particular skeletal element). The experimental studies at Oxford show evidence of enhanced osteogenesis when controlled intermittent deformation is applied in a cyclic manner. In a group of some 50 patients treated with induced micromovement, there is evidence that the rate of increasing fracture stiffness would allow removal of the fixator at 15 weeks compared with 24 weeks in the group with rigid fixation. The exact technique of measuring fracture stiffness has to be compared with other noninvasive test methods which include radiological examination, ultrasound, resonant vibration, and modal analysis. Many of these methods are based on linear elastic relationships which are inadequate to describe the anisotropic behavior of bones. The vibration analysis techniques are showing potential as clinical tools, and collaboration within the European community is directed towards a correlation between invasive and noninvasive methods of fracture monitoring. PMID:3319415
Richards, J
Ketorolac Administration Does Not Delay Early Fracture Healing in a Juvenile Rat Model
Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective at controlling pain in children, especially in the treatment of fractures. Adult animal and adult clinical studies demonstrate conflicting evidence for the inhibitory relationship between NSAIDs and fracture healing. Published pediatric orthopaedic clinical studies do not demonstrate an inhibitory effect of ketorolac on bone healing. Little is known about the effects of any NSAID on bone formation in juvenile animals. This study investigates the effects of the NSAID ketorolac on fracture healing in a juvenile rat model. Methods Unilateral surgically induced and stabilized tibial shaft fractures were created in 45 juvenile (3 to 4wk old) male Sprague-Dawley rats. Either ketorolac (5 mg/kg; n=24) or saline (0.9% normal saline; n=21) was then administered to the rats 6 d/wk by intraperitoneal injections. Animals were then randomly assigned into time groups and euthanized at 7 days (n=8 ketorolac, n=7 saline), 14 days (n=8 ketorolac, n=7 saline), or 21 days (n=8 ketorolac, n=7 saline) postfracture. Biomechanical analysis was performed using a custom-designed 4-point bending loading apparatus. Statistics for tibial stiffness and strength data were performed using software package Systat 11. Specimens were also evaluated histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results Strength and stiffness of all fractured tibiae increased over time from day 7 to day 21 regardless of treatment type. No statistical difference was found between the fractured tibiae strength or stiffness in the ketorolac or control-treated specimens at the same time point. In addition, the quality of the fracture callus was similar in both groups at each of the time points. Conclusions In this study of a juvenile rat model with a stabilized tibia fracture, fracture callus strength, stiffness, and histologic characteristics were not affected by the administration of ketorolac during the first 21 days of fracture healing. Clinical Relevance The absence of inhibitory effects of ketorolac on early juvenile rat fracture healing supports the clinical practice of utilizing NSAIDs for analgesia in children with long bone fractures.
Cappello, Teresa; Nuelle, Julia A.V.; Katsantonis, Nicolas; Nauer, Rachel K.; Lauing, Kristen L.; Jagodzinski, Jason E.; Callaci, John J.
Coupled THM Estimate of Fracture Permeability in Fractured Welded Tuff
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project is investigating Yucca Mountain, Nevada as a potential repository for high-level nuclear waste. A portion of the potential repository horizon lies within a fractured, densely welded ash-flow tuff that forms part of the Topopah Spring Tuff member of the Paintbrush Group Fractures form the primary conduits for fluid flow in the rock mass. Considerable analysis has been performed to characterize the thermal-hydrologic (TH) behavior of this rock unit, and recently the dual permeability model (DKM) has proved to be an effective tool for predicting TH behavior. The DKM uses fracture permeability as a primary input parameter, and it is well known that fracture permeability is strongly dependent on fracture deformation. Consequently, one major unknown in performance assessment of the Yucca Mountain system is how deformation during heating and cooling periods may change fracture permeability. We have developed a coupled thermal-hydrologic-mechanical (THM) model for time dependent analysis of deformation and fracture permeability in the rock mass around an emplacement drift. This model utilizes temperatures predicted by a TH code as input to a distinct element thermal mechanical code that can incorporate discrete fractures. Stresses, displacements, and changes in fracture permeability at a series of times after waste emplacement have been estimated for two different thermal loads. Permeability changes were estimated for both horizontal and vertical fractures. The cubic relationship was used to relate changes in fracture aperture to changes in fracture permeability. The analysis also incorporated the effect of shear slip along fractures by computing both stress reduction and fracture dilation as a function of shear displacement. Results show that for a 56 MTU/acre thermal load, the first order effect of thermal mechanical processes will be to rotate the maximum principal stress direction from primarily vertical to primarily horizontal, perpendicular to the emplacement drift axis. Moreover, for this case, the overall permeability will be significantly reduced for both vertical and sub-vertical fractures, while the permeability of horizontal fractures will remain relatively unchanged. The change in the predicted fracture permeability field develops soon after the end of the 50-yr. ventilation period, in association with temperature increase at that time, and persists throughhout the 1000-year simulation interval. This result, when considered by the TH, THC and performance assessment modeling communities, may have an impact on predicted repository performance. Results for a lower thermal load show relatively small changes in fracture permeability for both vertical and horizontal fractures over time. *This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.
Blair, S. C.; Carlson, S. R.; Wagoner, J. L.
Phalangeal fractures: displaced/nondisplaced.
Nonsurgical management is the preferred treatment of stable, extra-articular fractures of the proximal and middle phalanx, most distal phalanx fractures, and, rarely, nondisplaced intraarticular fractures in elite athletes. Techniques that afford maximal strength with minimal dissection, thus allowing earlier return to play, are ideal. Open reduction with internal fixation with plate fixation is most often chosen for unstable phalangeal shaft fractures in high-demand athletes to provide rigid internal fixation and allow immediate range of motion and more rapid return to sport. It is our practice to routinely treat unicondylar fractures with surgery with percutaneous headless compression screws in elite athletes. PMID:22883890
Gaston, R Glenn; Chadderdon, Christopher
Unilateral RS3PE in a Patient of Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis
Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) is a rare but well-reported clinical entity. It is classically described as symmetrical involvement of both upper extremities. Asymmetrical involvement had also been reported, but unilateral presentation is very rare. We hereby report a case of unilateral RS3PE in a patient of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis which was initially misdiagnosed as cellulitis and was given high dose antibiotics without any significant improvement. Later a rheumatologic consultation leads to a prompt diagnosis, and treatment with steroids leads to dramatic reversal of symptoms. This case demonstrates the rare presentation of this rare clinical entity and highlights the necessity of awareness regarding unilateral disease to clinicians.
Varshney, Ankur Nandan; Kumar, Nilesh; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Anand, Ravi; Prasad, Sashi Ranjan; Anand, Arvind; Mishra, Abhinandan; Singh, N. K.
Unilateral RS3PE in a Patient of Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) is a rare but well-reported clinical entity. It is classically described as symmetrical involvement of both upper extremities. Asymmetrical involvement had also been reported, but unilateral presentation is very rare. We hereby report a case of unilateral RS3PE in a patient of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis which was initially misdiagnosed as cellulitis and was given high dose antibiotics without any significant improvement. Later a rheumatologic consultation leads to a prompt diagnosis, and treatment with steroids leads to dramatic reversal of symptoms. This case demonstrates the rare presentation of this rare clinical entity and highlights the necessity of awareness regarding unilateral disease to clinicians. PMID:23662237
Varshney, Ankur Nandan; Kumar, Nilesh; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Anand, Ravi; Prasad, Sashi Ranjan; Anand, Arvind; Mishra, Abhinandan; Singh, N K
Asymmetrical use of eye information from faces following unilateral amygdala damage
The human amygdalae are involved in processing visual information about the eyes within faces, and play an essential role in the use of information from the eye region of the face in order to judge emotional expressions, as well as in directing gaze to the eyes in conversations with real people. However, the roles played here by the left and right amygdala individually remain unknown. Here we investigated this question by applying the 'Bubblesĺ method, which asks viewers to discriminate facial emotions from randomly sampled small regions of a face, to 23 neurological participants with focal, unilateral amygdala damage (10 to the right amygdala). We found a statistically significant asymmetry in the use of eye information when comparing those with unilateral left lesions to those with unilateral right lesions, specifically during emotion judgments. The findings have implications for the amygdalaĺs role in emotion recognition and gaze direction during face processing.
Spezio, Michael L.; Tranel, Daniel; Adolphs, Ralph
Ictal unilateral hyperkinetic proximal lower limb movements: an independent lateralising sign suggesting ipsilateral seizure onset.
Our aim was to determine the lateralising value of ictal repetitive unilateral hyperkinetic proximal lower limb movements. Among 16 patients with ictal hyperkinetic features who underwent intracranial EEG between 2008 and 2011 in our centre, three had repetitive unilateral hyperkinetic proximal lower limb movements, sometimes associated with "hemiballic-like" movements of the ipsilateral upper limb. There were no other consistent lateralising signs. In all patients, these movements were ipsilateral to the ictal onset zone and started a few seconds after electroencephalographic seizure onset. In two patients, intracranial EEG showed seizure onset within the parietal lobe and mesial temporal ictal onset was recorded in a third. Two patients underwent resection and became seizure-free. Our results suggest that unilateral ictal repetitive hyperkinetic proximal lower limb movements may be an independent lateralising sign to the ipsilateral hemisphere. PMID:23771615
Teotˇnio, Rute; Rodionov, Roman; McEvoy, Andrew W; Duncan, John; Diehl, Beate; Wehner, Tim
Comparison of cartilage scoring and cartilage sparing techniques in unilateral otoplasty: a ten-year experience.
We identified the optimal operative technique of unilateral otoplasty among cartilage-scoring or posterior-suturing methods. All unilateral otoplasties repaired in South East Scotland in 10 years were analyzed. Using visual analog scale, outcomes were scored by blinded professional panel and by patients. Case notes were interrogated for postoperative complications. Of 81 patients, 40 with full photographic records were included in the study. Cosmetic outcomes and symmetry scores in patients who underwent posterior suturing with fascial flap were significantly better than cartilage scoring and posterior suturing without fascial flap. Early complications were significantly more common in cartilage-scoring and posterior-suturing techniques without fascial flap than posterior suturing with fascial flap. In conclusion, posterior suturing with fascial flap represents cosmetically superior technique in unilateral otoplasty. It allows for intraoperative adjustment of posterior sutures, resulting in symmetric ears. The technique seems to be associated with fewer short-term complications, often responsible for pediatric patient distress. PMID:23221973
Szychta, Pawel; Stewart, Ken J
Ventilation-perfusion scan in the acutely ill patient with unilateral hyperlucent lung
A patient with a unilateral hyperlucent lung with acute respiratory complaints is presented. A ventilation-perfusion scan was performed to rule out pulmonary embolism. The perfusion scan ( (/sup 99m/TC)MAA) showed peripheral perfusion defects in the hyperlucent lung. The ventilation study (/sup 133/Xe) demonstrated peripheral ventilatory defects on the single breath image in the hyperlucent lung, the filling in of these on the equilibrium view, and diffusely delayed washout in the affected lung. These findings were suggestive of the Swyer-James syndrome and critical in excluding the numerous other causes of unilateral hyperlucent lung, which are discussed. The importance of the ventilation-perfusion study (and particularly the ventilation scan) in the patient with unilateral hyperlucent lung and acute respiratory symptoms is stressed. In addition, a discussion of the Swyer-James syndrome is included.
Miller, M.B.; Caride, V.J.
EVALUTION OF UNILATERAL ELECTRO-CONVULSIVE THERAPY (A double blind study).
A double blind study of one hundred twenty patients ( ninety schizophrenics and thirty depressives )-who were divided equally into three groups, who received either (a) bilateral ECT or (b) unilateral application of electrodes on non-dominant hemisphere or (c) unilateral on dominant hemisphere was conducted. The three groups were compared regarding efficacy of the therapy, effects on memory, speed of recovery from each shock session and lastly changes in the electro-encephalogram.It was found that all the three techniques were more or less equal in therapeutic efficacy. There was no significant difference between them in the speed of recovery, nor in the EEG changes. Only difference was that in the field of memory, unilateral non-dominant group showed significant improvement in the 'immediate verbal recall' component of memory in particular. Results have been discussed in view of the current literature on the subject. PMID:22058461
Chatterjee, S B; Mohammed, E
[Isolated fractures of the olecranon].
Fractures of the olecranon account for 7% of fractures in adult patients. Of all elbow fractures, 38% are isolated fractures of the olecranon. Falling on the 90 degrees flexed elbow is the most common cause of isolated olecranon fractures. Reconstitution of the joint surface is the main treatment goal, as well as stability of the joint and full range of motion and muscular strength. This can only be achieved in most cases by open reduction and precision osteosynthesis. Tension band wiring and plate osteosynthesis are the most commonly used techniques. Operative therapy is the therapy of choice, since it permits early physical therapy. Some non-dislocated fractures and fractures in elderly and multimorbid patients are indications for conservative therapy. PMID:18712331
H÷lzl, A; Verheyden, A P
Pterional approach versus unilateral frontal approach on tuberculum sellae meningioma: Single centre experiences
Introduction: Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma is one of the most challenging surgeries among neurosurgeons. Many approaches have been established in the effort of removing the tumor and some of them are supported by an advanced neurosurgical technology. In this study, we aim to compare the efficacy of the two most common approaches, the pterional and the unilateral frontal. Materials and Methods: This was a restrospective study that aimed to observe the efficacy of the two most common approaches used in our center, the pterional and the unilateral frontal, in resecting the tuberculum sellae meningioma, which was held in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, from July 2007-July 2010. Twenty patients were enrolled with half of them operated by the pterional approach and the rest by unilateral frontal approach. We evaluated six parameters: tumor size, degree of tumor removal, surgery duration, post-operative cerebral edema, patients' outcome, and length of stay, which were evaluated to take measure of the efficacy of each procedure. Results: We found that the pterional approach gave more advantages than the unilateral frontal. Total tumor removal, especially in tumor size ? 3 cm was achieved in a greater number of subjects in the pterional (P<0.023). Other advantages of the pterional compared to the unilateral frontal were a shorter surgical duration (P=0.024), shorter length of stay (P=0.009) and less frequency of post-operative cerebral edema incidence (P=0.023). Conclusion: According to our facilities and conditions, it seems that the pterional approach have more advantages than the unilateral frontal approach in tuberculum sellae meningioma surgery.
Arifin, Muhammad Zafrullah; Mardjono, Ignatius; Sidabutar, Roland; Wirjomartani, Beny Atmadja; Faried, Ahmad
Effects on Contralateral Muscles after Unilateral Electrical Muscle Stimulation and Exercise
It is well established that unilateral exercise can produce contralateral effects. However, it is unclear whether unilateral exercise that leads to muscle injury and inflammation also affects the homologous contralateral muscles. To test the hypothesis that unilateral muscle injury causes contralateral muscle changes, an experimental rabbit model with unilateral muscle overuse caused by a combination of electrical muscle stimulation and exercise (EMS/E) was used. The soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of both exercised and non-exercised legs were analyzed with enzyme- and immunohistochemical methods after 1, 3 and 6 weeks of repeated EMS/E. After 1 w of unilateral EMS/E there were structural muscle changes such as increased variability in fiber size, fiber splitting, internal myonuclei, necrotic fibers, expression of developmental MyHCs, fibrosis and inflammation in the exercised soleus muscle. Only limited changes were found in the exercised gastrocnemius muscle and in both non-exercised contralateral muscles. After 3 w of EMS/E, muscle fiber changes, presence of developmental MyHCs, inflammation, fibrosis and affections of nerve axons and AChE production were observed bilaterally in both the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. At 6 w of EMS/E, the severity of these changes significantly increased in the soleus muscles and infiltration of fat was observed bilaterally in both the soleus and the gastrocnemius muscles. The affections of the muscles were in all three experimental groups restricted to focal regions of the muscle samples. We conclude that repetitive unilateral muscle overuse caused by EMS/E overtime leads to both degenerative and regenerative tissue changes and myositis not only in the exercised muscles, but also in the homologous non-exercised muscles of the contralateral leg. Although the mechanism behind the contralateral changes is unclear, we suggest that the nervous system is involved in the cross-transfer effects.
Song, Yafeng; Forsgren, Sture; Yu, Jiguo; Lorentzon, Ronny; Stal, Per S.
Controversial Issues in Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures
Kyphoplasty (KP) and vertebroplasty (VP) have been successfully employed for many years for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The purpose of this review is to resolve the controversial issues raised by the two randomized trials that claimed no difference between VP and SHAM procedure. In particular we compare nonsurgical management (NSM) and KP and VP, in terms of clinical parameters (pain, disability, quality of life, and new fractures), cost-effectiveness, radiological variables (kyphosis correction and vertebral height restoration), and VP versus KP for cement extravasation and complications profile. Cement types and optimal filling are analyzed and technological innovations are presented. Finally unipedicular/bipedicular techniques are compared. Conclusion. VP and KP are superior to NSM in clinical and radiological parameters and probably more cost-effective. KP is superior to VP in sagittal balance improvement and cement leaking. Complications are rare but serious adverse events have been described, so caution should be exerted. Unilateral procedures should be pursued whenever feasible. Upcoming randomized trials (CEEP, OSTEO-6, STIC-2, and VERTOS IV) will provide the missing link.
Papanastassiou, Ioannis D.; Filis, Andreas; Gerochristou, Maria A.; Vrionis, Frank D.
Fracture mechanics validity limits
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Fracture behavior is characteristics of a dramatic loss of strength compared to elastic deformation behavior. Fracture parameters have been developed and exhibit a range within which each is valid for predicting growth. Each is limited by the assumptions made in its development: all are defined within a specific context. For example, the stress intensity parameters, K, and the crack driving force, G, are derived using an assumption of linear elasticity. To use K or G, the zone of plasticity must be small as compared to the physical dimensions of the object being loaded. This insures an elastic response, and in this context, K and G will work well. Rice's J-integral has been used beyond the limits imposed on K and G. J requires an assumption of nonlinear elasticity, which is not characteristic of real material behavior, but is thought to be a reasonable approximation if unloading is kept to a minimum. As well, the constraint cannot change dramatically (typically, the crack extension is limited to ten-percent of the initial remaining ligament length). Rice, et al investigated the properties required of J-type parameters, J(sub x), and showed that the time rate, dJ(sub x)/dt, must not be a function of the crack extension rate, da/dt. Ernst devised the modified-J parameter, J(sub M), that meets this criterion. J(sub M) correlates fracture data to much higher crack growth than does J. Ultimately, a limit of the validity of J(sub M) is anticipated, and this has been estimated to be at a crack extension of about 40-percent of the initial remaining ligament length. None of the various parameters can be expected to describe fracture in an environment of gross plasticity, in which case the process is better described by deformation parameters, e.g., stress and strain. In the current study, various schemes to identify the onset of the plasticity-dominated behavior, i.e., the end of fracture mechanics validity, are presented. Each validity limit parameter is developed in detail, and then data is presented and the various schemes for establishing a limit of the validity are compared. The selected limiting parameter is applied to a set of fracture data showing the improvement of correlation gained.
Lambert, Dennis M.; Ernst, Hugo A.
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA).
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) is a rare primary headache syndrome. The diagnostic criteria include attacks of unilateral orbital, supraorbital or temporal stabbing pain accompanied by one of the following: conjunctival injection and/or tearing, nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhea, and eyelid edema. The duration of pain is 2 seconds to 10 minutes, and the frequency of attacks is described as once a day or more. The etiology and pathology of SUNA has yet to be documented. We report an 18-year-old man with SUNA. Lomerizine hydrochloride which is used as a preventive medicine for migraine, improved his headaches. PMID:20009409
Tada, Yukiko; Ikuta, Naomi; Negoro, Kiyoshi
Pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome due to unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia: a case report
Introduction Pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome is described as unilateral optic disc swelling with contralateral optic atrophy in the absence of an intracranial mass causing compression of the optic nerve. This occurs typically due to bilateral sequential optic neuritis or ischaemic optic neuropathy. Case Presentation We describe a case of pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome in a two year old boy with unilateral papilloedema due to a congenital optic disc anomaly in one eye preventing transmission of raised intracranial pressure to the optic nerve. Conclusion From our findings we conclude that congenital optic nerve hypoplasia is a cause of pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome.
Bansal, Shveta; Dabbs, Timothy; Long, Vernon
Acquired unilateral pes planus in a child caused by a ruptured plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament.
A traumatic cause for acquired pes planus in children is uncommon and it is not often considered as a primary diagnosis. We describe a patient, who ruptured her plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament and presented late with an acquired unilateral flat foot similar to a tibialis posterior rupture. Corrective surgery in the form of calcaneal osteotomy with iliac graft lengthening and medial advancement of tibialis posterior achieved excellent results with patient remaining asymptomatic and returning to routine activities. In the presence of an acute traumatic onset of unilateral pes planus, spring ligament and tibialis posterior tendon rupture should be considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID:19373112
Shuen, Vivien; Prem, Hari
Diffuse intense 18F-FDG uptake at PET in unilateral breast related to breastfeeding practice.
We present an interesting case of incidental diffuse fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake at PET in her left breast, related to atypical breastfeeding practice. Clinically, differential diagnoses of diffuse intense FDG uptake in unilateral breast include advanced breast cancer, breast lymphoma and inflammatory condition. However, normal physiologic lactation may also show increased FDG uptake in the breasts. Therefore, if we encounter that finding in daily practice, we should question the patient regarding unilateral breastfeeding. In addition, mammography and ultrasound would be helpful to confirm the diagnosis. PMID:23690704
Ko, Kyung Hee; Jung, Hye Kyoung; Jeon, Tae Joo
Bilateral and Unilateral Cochlear Implant Users Compared on Speech Perception in Noise
Objective Compare speech performance in noise with matched bilateral (CICI) and unilateral (CI-Only) cochlear implant users. Design Thirty CICI and 30 CI-Only subjects were tested on a battery of speech perception tests in noise that utilize an 8-loudspeaker array. Results On average, CICI subject's performance with speech in noise was significantly better than the CI-Only subjects. Conclusion The CICI group showed significantly better performance on speech perception in noise compared to the CI-Only subjects, supporting the hypothesis that bilateral cochlear implantation is more beneficial than unilateral implantation.
Dunn, Camille C.; Noble, William; Tyler, Richard S.; Kordus, Monika; Gantz, Bruce J.; Ji, Haihong
Management of Unilateral Masseter Hypertrophy and Hypertrophic Scar--A Case Report
Masseter muscle hypertrophy is a rare condition of idiopathic cause. It clinically presents as an enlargement of one or both masseter muscles. Most patients complain of facial asymmetry; however, symptoms such as trismus, protrusion, and bruxism may also occur. Several treatment options reported for masseter hypertrophy are present, which range from simple pharmacotherapy to more invasive surgical reduction. Keloid scar with unilateral masseter hypertrophy is a rarely seen in clinical practice. This paper reports a case of unilateral masseter hypertrophy with keloid scar in the angle of the mandible for which surgical treatment was rendered to the patient by using a single approach.
Shetty, Naresh; Malaviya, Rajanikanth K.; Gupta, M. K.
Uterus didelphys with unilateral obstructed hemivagina with hematometrocolpos and hematosalpinx with ipsilateral renal agenesis
Uterus didelphys with blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (Herlyn Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome) is a rare congenital anomaly. It mostly presents with severe dysmenorrhea and a palpable mass due to unilateral hematocolpos. A patient with dysmenorrhea from a double uterus and an obstructed hemivagina is a diagnostic dilemma because the menses are regular. We report a case of a 14-year-old girl with this condition who was diagnosed as uterus didelphys with unilateral hematocolpos and hydrosalpinx with ipsilateral renal agenesis on the basis of sonography and confirmed by laparoscopic examination.
Jindal, Gaurav; Kachhawa, Satish; Meena, G L; Dhakar, Gopal
Uterus didelphys with unilateral obstructed hemivagina with hematometrocolpos and hematosalpinx with ipsilateral renal agenesis.
Uterus didelphys with blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (Herlyn Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome) is a rare congenital anomaly. It mostly presents with severe dysmenorrhea and a palpable mass due to unilateral hematocolpos. A patient with dysmenorrhea from a double uterus and an obstructed hemivagina is a diagnostic dilemma because the menses are regular. We report a case of a 14-year-old girl with this condition who was diagnosed as uterus didelphys with unilateral hematocolpos and hydrosalpinx with ipsilateral renal agenesis on the basis of sonography and confirmed by laparoscopic examination. PMID:19881156
Jindal, Gaurav; Kachhawa, Satish; Meena, G L; Dhakar, Gopal
Dopamine transporter changes after unilateral deep brain stimulation in progressive Parkinson's disease: a case report
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the subthalamic nucleus has been approved as an effective treatment for refractory symptoms of Parkinsonĺs disease (PD). Studies have shown that bilateral DBS surgery in PD patients results in clinical improvement without reducing dopamine transporter function. Here, we report our longitudinal findings in one PD patient, ie, decreases in striatal dopamine transporter binding during one year of follow-up after unilateral DBS at the subthalamic nucleus. Based on this case, we hypothesize that clinical benefit after unilateral DBS may be not directly associated with changes in function at the subthalamic nucleus.
Zhang, Huiwei; Wang, Yuanyuan; Liang, Jinchuan; Forster, Stefan; Wu, Ping; Zhao, Jun; Guan, Yihui; Zuo, Chuantao
Once Is Enough: A Guide to Preventing Future Fractures
... and Fractures Once Is Enough: A Guide to Preventing Future Fractures Publication available in: PDF (211 KB) ... and Fractures CaÝdas y fracturas (Falls and Fractures) Preventing Falls and Fractures Partner Resources Falls and Fractures ( ...
No evidence of depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction following penile fracture.
There is a gap in the literature about psychological status of patients following penile fracture surgery. We aimed to assess the long-term psychological status of penile fracture patients who have been treated by immediate surgical repair. A total of 32 patients with penile fracture have been treated surgically at our center. These 32 patients and 30 healthy control subjects were included in the study. All participants have completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Glombok-Rust Inventory of Satisfaction Scale (GRISS), and the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT). The mean age of patients was 30.4 years and the mean body mass index was 27.3?kg?m(-2). Sexual intercourse was the most common cause of the fracture. Immediate surgical repair was performed in all cases using a circumferential subcoronal incision and none of the patients had urethral injury intraoperatively. All tears were unilateral with a mean size of 1.5?cm. Only two patients had superficial dorsal vein rupture. At the day of assessment, the mean time elapsed after penile trauma was 15.9▒6.3 months (range: 6-23). Only three patients had complications due to penile fracture including minimal penile curvature, penile nodule, and penile pain during intercourse. The mean scores obtained from PEDT, HADS, and GRISS did not show any statistically significant difference between groups. Anxiety, depression, premature ejaculation, and sexual dyssatisfaction levels were similar in both penile fracture patients who underwent immediate surgical repair and healthy control subjects. Immediate surgical repair of corporal ruptures have not shown any harmful psychogenic sequelae on patients with penile fracture. PMID:21918532
Penbegul, N; Bez, Y; Atar, M; Bozkurt, Y; Sancaktutar, A A; Soylemez, H; Ozen, S
Functional and Physiologic Results of Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Diaphragm Plication in Adult Patients With Unilateral Diaphragm Paralysis
Background. Plication of the hemidiaphragm for uni- lateral diaphragm paralysis is infrequently performed in adults. Barriers to diaphragm plication have included the perceived need for thoracotomy and uncertainty of the potential benefits. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of video-assisted thoracoscopic dia- phragm plication in symptomatic adult patients with unilateral diaphragm paralysis. Methods. Patients with unilateral
Richard K. Freeman; Thomas C. Wozniak; Edward B. Fitzgerald
Hand Function in Relation to Brain Lesions and Corticomotor-Projection Pattern in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Aim: To investigate relationships between hand function, brain lesions, and corticomotor projections in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Method: The study included 17 children (nine males, eight females; mean age 11.4 [SD 2.4] range 7-16y), with unilateral CP at Gross Motor Function Classification System level I and Manual Abilityů
Holmstrom, Linda; Vollmer, Brigitte; Tedroff, Kristina; Islam, Mominul; Persson, Jonas Ke; Kits, Annika; Forssberg, Hans; Eliasson, Ann-Christin
Rapidly Declining Unilateral Hearing Within 1 Month in a Newborn With Internal Auditory Canal Stenosis and Facial Palsy
Most newborns with congenital unilateral facial palsy are expected to recover; however, when a patient has hearing loss, underlying developmental ear structure abnormalities should be investigated, particularly when the patient has internal auditory canal stenosis, which is rarely reported in newborns. All cases of internal auditory canal stenosis are accompanied by concomitant unilateral or bilateral hearing loss, but none with
Inn-Chi Lee; Chien-Han Tsao; Pen-Hua Su; Jui-Ming Hu; Yan-Yan Ng; Jia-Yuh Chen
The use of a laser-level paralleling device for the fabrication of a unilateral auricular prosthesis.
This article describes the use of a laser-level paralleling device for the fabrication of a unilateral auricular prosthesis. Traditional methods require use of calipers to obtain orientation of contralateral auricular anatomy, which in turn can be difficult to replicate on the patient. The purpose of this clinical report is to describe a simple means to record unilateral auricular anatomy. PMID:24445026
Piper, James M; Sutton, Alan J; Hansen, Nancy A
Acetabular fractures: optimal imaging
In 19 cases of acetabular fracture, computed tomography (CT) with volumetric three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions displayed as video loops about horizontal and vertical axes of rotation replaced the traditional imaging combination of CT and multiple plain radiographs, while offering significant advantages. Overlying bowel content or foreign matter obscured detail in 36 of 45 plain radiographic views, and positioning or radiographic technique was suboptimal in 21. Three-dimensional reconstructions completely eliminated these problems. These 3D reconstructions accurately simulated oblique, inlet, and tangential views in all cases. In ten of 19 cases a nonconventional oblique view, and in 13 of 19 cases a cephalocaudal angulation other than the inlet, tangential, or anteroposterior view, best demonstrated the fracture. Elimination of five plain radiographs resulted in a skin radiation dose savings of 5 rad (50 mGy). No difficult or painful patient positioning was required beyond that necessary for the standard CT examination.
Scott, W.W. Jr.; Fishman, E.K.; Magid, D.
Optimal paths play a fundamental role in numerous physical applications ranging from random polymers to brittle fracture, from the flow through porous media to information propagation. Here for the first time we explore the path that is activated once this optimal path fails and what happens when this new path also fails and so on, until the system is completely disconnected. In fact many applications can also be found for this novel fracture problem. In the limit of strong disorder, our results show that all the cracks are located on a single self-similar connected line of fractal dimension D(b) approximately = 1.22. For weak disorder, the number of cracks spreads all over the entire network before global connectivity is lost. Strikingly, the disconnecting path (backbone) is, however, completely independent on the disorder. PMID:20366106
Andrade, J S; Oliveira, E A; Moreira, A A; Herrmann, H J
Pelvic and acetabular fractures
This treatise focuses primarily on the clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatments of pelvic and acetabular fractures. However, considerable attention is also paid to the radiographic diagnosis of trauma and postoperative effects. The book begins with a succinct review of pelvic and acetabular anatomy and pelvic biomechanics. It continues with a radiographic classification of pelvic injury, which will represent the major source of the book's interest for radiologists. The remainder of the book is concerned with clinical management of pelvic and acetabular trauma, including preoperative planning, surgical approaches, techniques of reduction, internal fixation, eternal fixation, post-operative care, and late problems. Even throughout this later portion of the book there are extensive illustrations, including plain radiographs, computed tomographic (CT) scans, reconstructed three-dimensional CT scans, and schematic diagrams of diverse pelvic and acetabular fractures and the elementary surgical techniques for their repair.
Mears, D.C.; Rubash, H.E.
\\u000a The risk of any outcome can be expressed in a variety of different ways, as was noted in Chapter 3. The more commonly used\\u000a measures of risk are prevalence, incidence, absolute and relative risks, and odds ratios. All of these measures can be employed\\u000a in the specific context of the assessment of fracture risk. In densitometry, other measures of risk
Sydney Lou Bonnick; FORE FRC
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
[figure removed for brevity, see original site]This VIS image of the eastern part of the Tharsis region illustrates how fractures can be used in relative dating of a surface. The fractured materials on the right side of the image are embayed by younger volcanic flows originating to the west of the image. Note how the younger flows cover the ends of the fractures, and are not at all fractured themselves. Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 43.2, Longitude 269.4 East (90.6 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution. Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
Patients with diabetic ankle fractures consistently are at greater risk of sustaining a complication during treatment than nondiabetics.other medical comorbidities, especially Charcot neuroarthropathy and peripheral vascular disease, play distinct roles in increasing these complication rates. Many options for nonoperative and operative treatment exist, but respect for soft tissue management and attention to stable, rigid fixation with prolonged immobilization and prolonged restricted weight bearing are paramount in trying to minimize problems and yield functions. PMID:17097518
Gandhi, Ankur; Liporace, Frank; Azad, Vikrant; Mattie, James; Lin, Sheldon S
Procedure for estimating fracture energy from fracture surface roughness
The fracture energy of a material is determined by first measuring the length of a profile of a section through a fractured surface of the material taken on a plane perpendicular to the mean plane of that surface, then determining the fractal dimensionality of the surface. From this, the yield strength of the material, and the Young's Modulus of that material, the fracture energy is calculated.
Williford, Ralph E. (Kennewick, WA) [Kennewick, WA
Prediction of Composite Laminate Fracture: Micromechanics and Progressive Fracture
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
An investigation is described on the prediction of first-ply failure and fracture in selected composite laminates. The laminates are made from glass fibers and graphite fibers in epoxy matrices. Failure envelopes are generated for combined loading of these laminates on the basis of first-ply failure and laminate fracture. The evaluation is performed by a micromechanics-based theory and progressive fracture.
Gotsis, P. K.; Chamis, C. C.; Minnetyan, L.
Distal phalanx fracture in adults: Seymour-type fracture.
Seymour's fracture is an extra-articular, transverse, physeal, and juxta-epiphyseal open fracture of the distal phalanx seen in childhood. In this study, we present 10 adult cases of fractures localized to the metaphyseal region, 1-2 mm distal to the insertion of the extensor tendon. Mean age was 38 years. Four patients were treated conservatively with a mallet finger splint. Closed reduction and osteosynthesis with Kirschner wires (K-wires) was performed in three of the patients. Three of the patients had open fractures in whom closed reduction could not be performed. They underwent open reduction and osteosynthesis with K-wires. We recommend that extra-articular distal phalanx fractures mimicking mallet finger in adults are called Seymour-type fracture to establish a common language among clinicians to define this type of fracture. These fractures generally occur by hyperflexion of the distal phalanx and can be treated by conservative or surgical methods. The outcomes of conservative and surgical management of Seymour-type fractures depend on the appropriate reduction as well as efficient physical therapy. PMID:24194615
Ugurlar, M; Saka, G; Saglam, N; Milcan, A; Kurtulmus, T; Akp?nar, F
Prediction of Composite Laminate Fracture: Micromechanics and Progressive Fracture
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This report describes an investigation to predict first-ply failure and final fracture in selected composite laminates subjected to inplane loads. The laminates were composed of glass fiber and graphite fibers in epoxy matrices. Failure envelopes based on first-ply failure and laminate fracture were generated for combined loading of these laminates. Predictions were evaluated by micromechanics-based theory and progressive fracture. The results show that, for most cases, combined tensile loading significantly enhanced the laminate fracture stress in comparison to the uniaxial loading.
Gotsis, P. K.; Chamis, C. C.; Minnetyan, L.
Evaluation of five fracture models in Taylor impact fracture
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Taylor impact test presented in a previous study on a commercial high strength and super hard aluminum alloy 7A04-T6 are numerically evaluated using the finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit. In the present study, the influence of fracture criterion in numerical simulations of the deformation and fracture behavior of Taylor rod has been studied. Included in the paper are a modified version of Johnson-Cook, the Cockcroft-Latham(C-L), the constant fracture strain, the maximum shear stress and the maximum principle stress fracture models. Model constants for each criterion are calibrated from material tests. The modified version of Johnson-Cook fracture criterion with the stress triaxiality cut off idea is found to give good prediction of the Taylor impact fracture behavior. However, this study will also show that the C-L fracture criterion where only one simple material test is required for calibration is found to give reasonable predictions. Unfortunately, the other three criteria are not able to repeat the experimentally obtained fracture behavior. The study indicates that the stress triaxiality cut off idea is necessary to predict the Taylor impact fracture.
Zhang, Wei; Xiao, Xin-Ke; Wei, Gang; Guo, Zitao
Evaluation of Five Fracture Models in Taylor Impact Fracture
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Taylor impact test presented in a previous study on a commercial high strength and super hard aluminum alloy 7A04-T6 are numerically evaluated using the finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit. In the present study, the influence of fracture criterion in numerical simulations of the deformation and fracture behavior of Taylor rod has been studied. Included in the paper are a modified version of Johnson--Cook, the Cockcroft--Latham(C-L), the constant fracture strain, the maximum shear stress and the maximum principle stress fracture models. Model constants for each criterion are calibrated from material tests. The modified version of Johnson--Cook fracture criterion with the stress triaxiality cut off idea is found to give good prediction of the Taylor impact fracture behavior. However, this study will also show that the C-L fracture criterion where only one simple material test is required for calibration, is found to give reasonable predictions. Unfortunately, the other three criteria are not able to repeat the experimentally obtained fracture behavior. The study indicates that the stress triaxiality cut off idea is necessary to predict the Taylor impact fracture.
Zhang, Wei; Xiao, Xinke; Wei, Gang; Guo, Zitao
Rock fracture image acquisition and analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
As a cooperation project between Sweden and China, this paper presents: rock fracture image acquisition and analysis. Rock fracture images are acquired by using UV light illumination and visible optical illumination. To present fracture network reasonable, we set up some models to characterize the network, based on the models, we used Best fit Ferret method to auto-determine fracture zone, then, through skeleton fractures to obtain endpoints, junctions, holes, particles, and branches. Based on the new parameters and a part of common parameters, the fracture network density, porosity, connectivity and complexities can be obtained, and the fracture network is characterized. In the following, we first present a basic consideration and basic parameters for fractures (Primary study of characteristics of rock fractures), then, set up a model for fracture network analysis (Fracture network analysis), consequently to use the model to analyze fracture network with different images (Two dimensional fracture network analysis based on slices), and finally give conclusions and suggestions.
Wang, W.; Zongpu, Jia; Chen, Liwan
"No-Show": Therapist Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Client Unilateral Termination
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
In the present study, the authors examined the source of racial/ethnic minority (REM) disparities in unilateral termination (i.e., the client ending therapy without informing the therapist)--a form of dropout that is associated with poor alliance and outcome. First, the authors tested whether some therapists were more likely to have clients whoů
Owen, Jesse; Imel, Zac; Adelson, Jill; Rodolfa, Emil
Abnormal Growth and Clonal Proliferation of Fibroblasts in an Animal Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
The time course for the development of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) in rats between days 5 and 25 after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was studied. In kidneys with UUO under histological examination, an interstitial fibrosis was observed after more than 10 days with progression up to day 25. On day 5, collagen peptidase activity in homogenates of UUO kidneys was
Manfred Sommer; Robby Schaller; Reinhard FŘnfstŘck; Adalbert Bohle; Frank D. B÷hmer; Gerhard A. MŘller; GŘnter Stein
Reimbursement for Unilateral Parental Placements in Unapproved Private Schools under IDEA.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
In "Carter" the Supreme Court affirmed a ruling where parents of a learning-disabled student were afforded tuition reimbursement after unilaterally enrolling the student in a private school. Briefly describes rulings in eight other lower court decisions. Concludes that the "Carter" decision will have little impact on school districts that makeů
Osborne, Allan G., Jr.
Effect of unilateral testicular torsion on blood flow and histology of contralateral testes
Background\\/Purpose: Infertility occurs in 25% of patients after unilateral testicular torsion; hence, the authors examined hemodynamic and histological changes in both testes after acute testicular torsion in neonatal piglets.Methods: The animals were anesthetized, intubated, ventilated, catheterized, and assigned randomly to a sham group or one of three experimental groups undergoing 720░ torsion of the left testis for 8 hours after
Linh Nguyen; Gonzalo Lievano; Luna Ghosh; Jayant Radhakrishnan; Linda Fornell; Eunice John
Hemodynamic Monitoring of the Contralateral Testis during Unilateral Testicular Torsion Describes the Mechanism of Damage
Contralateral testicular perfusion during unilateral testicular torsion was evaluated using simultaneous blood flow and O2 content determinations. Two groups, each consisting of 7 rats, were studied. Sham operation or 720░ clockwise twisting was performed on the left testes, and blood flow, O2 content and temperatures were monitored in the right testes for 180 min. An ultrasonic perivascular Doppler flowmeter system,
A. Bedii Salman; Selma Mutlu; Alper B. Iskit; M. Oguz Guc; Mehmet Mutlu; F. Cahit Tanyel
Time Course of Cytokine mRNA Expression in Kidneys of Rats with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
The development of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is related to the expression and excretion of cytokines and growth factors. Thus, we investigated the time course of mRNA expression of cytokines known as causative factors in a model of RIF in rats before and on day 10 after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), when first signs of fibrosis were visible, as well
Manfred Sommer; Ulrike Eismann; Winnie Deuther-Conrad; Thoralf Wendt; Thomas Mohorn; Reinhard FŘnfstŘck; GŘnter Stein
Unilateral Placement Decisions by Parents Establishing Out-of-State Residence: Policy Implications under IDEA.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
In "Wise," two sets of parents of children with disabilities made a unilateral placement decision at an out-of-state residential facility. The case presents unique issues: resident status of the child and allocation of costs for educational services. Examines the "Wise" decision and its implications for the child and for school districts. (47ů
Mawdsley, Ralph D.
Unilateral canine crossbite correction in adults using the Invisalign method: a case report.
The aim of this paper is to present and debate the treatment of a unilateral canine crossbite using clear aligners (Invisalign). The possibility of combining partial fixed appliances with removable elastics to optimize the final outcome is also described. The advantages of protected movement, due to the presence of the aligners, to jump the occlusion during crossbite correction is also highlighted. PMID:22567623
Giancotti, Aldo; Mampieri, Gianluca
Left frontal transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces contralesional extinction in patients with unilateral right brain damage
Summary It has been demonstrated previously that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the sensorimotor cortex can induce transient suppression of the perception of cutaneous near-threshold stimuli from fingers of the contralateral hand in normal individuals. One explanation accounting for deficits in the exploration of contralateral space following a unilateral hemispheric lesion refers to a loss of the normal interhemispheric balance,
M. Oliveri; P. M. Rossini; R. Traversa; P. Cicinelli; M. M. Filippi; P. Pasqualetti; F. Tomaiuol; C. Caltagirone
The influnce of volume expanison on renal function after relief of chronic unilateral ureteral obstruction
The influence of volume expansion on renal function after relief of unilateral chronic ureteral obstruction. Postobstructive diuresis was not observed after the relief of chronic partial ureteral obstruction in hydropenic rats with an intact contralateral kidney. However, when such animals were volume-expanded with hypotonic saline solution after relief of obstruction, urine flow from the hydronephrotic kidney was double that of
Douglas R Wilson
A constitutive theory for creep behavior of initially isotropic materials sustaining unilateral damage
The goal of the present work is to modify structure of the creep constitutive equations existing in the literature, and simultaneously to incorporate both damage induced anisotropy and unilateral damage into the constitutive model. The proposed nonlinear-tensor constitutive equation for creep together with the damage evolution equation take into account the secondary and tertiary creep of the initially isotropic materials.
J. Betten; A. Sklepus; A. Zolochevsky
Distinctive Features of Unilateral Spatial Agnosia in Right and Left Brain-Damaged Patients
In order to study the distinctive features of unilateral spatial agnosia shown by right and left brain-damaged patients, a test of copying drawings with guiding landmarks was given to 83 control subjects and to 248 patients affected by right (n = 108) or left (n = 140) hemispheric damage. The test enabled us to obtain a quantitative assessment both of
C. Caltagirone; G. Miceli; G. Gainotti
Simulation of two dimensional unilateral contact using a coupled FE\\/EFG method
In this paper, simulation of two dimensional unilateral contact problems using a coupled finite element\\/element free Galerkin method is proposed. For the analysis, the element free Galerkin method and Galerkin formulation for two dimensional elasticity problems are considered. Then, the penalty method for imposition of contact constraint is proposed. The finite element shape functions are used in the penalty term
M. Chehel Amirani; N. Nemati
Asymmetric pulmonary perfusion causing unilateral pulmonary edema as a complication of acute myocardial infarction.
Acute unilateral pulmonary edema is an unusual clinical condition occasionally associated with severe mitral valve insufficiency. We describe a patient diagnosed as having unilateral pulmonary edema after an acute anterior myocardial infarction. Echocardiograms performed in the acute phase ruled out mitral insufficiency. A perfusion lung scan showed left-sided pulmonary hypoperfusion. The diagnosis of acquired hypoplasia of the left pulmonary artery tree was made by chest computed tomography. The pathogenesis and differential diagnosis are discussed. El edema agudo de pulmˇn unilateral es una entidad infrecuente que en ocasiones se ha asociado con la pres-encia de insuficiencia mitral severa. Presentamos el caso de un paciente que, tras presentar un infarto agudo de miocardio anterior, presenta un edema agudo de pulmˇn unilateral. En los ecocardiogramas realizados en la fase aguda se descartˇ la presencia de insuficiencia mitral. La gammagrafÝa de perfusiˇn pulmonar mostrˇ una hipoperfusiˇn generalizada del pulmˇn izquierdo. Se diagnosticˇ una hipoplasia adquirida del ßrbol arterial pulmonar izquierdo mediante tomografÝa computarizada torßcica. Se discuten la patogenia y el diagnˇstico diferencial. PMID:24774712
Pe˝a, Carlos; Jaquet, Michel; Salgado, Julio; Pubul, Virginia; Ruibal, Alvaro; Vßzquez, Bego˝a
Look over There! Unilateral Gaze Increases Geographical Memory of the 50 United States
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Based on their specialized processing abilities, the left and right hemispheres of the brain may not contribute equally to recall of general world knowledge. US college students recalled the verbal names and spatial locations of the 50 US states while sustaining leftward or rightward unilateral gaze, a procedure that selectively activates theů
Propper, Ruth E.; Brunye, Tad T.; Christman, Stephen D.; Januszewskia, Ashley
The greyscales task: a perceptual measure of attentional bias following unilateral hemispheric damage
The two cerebral hemispheres in humans have been suggested to control contralaterally opposed attentional biases. These biases may be revealed by unilateral hemispheric damage, which often causes contralesional spatial neglect, particularly when the right hemisphere (RH) is affected. Subtle attentional biases have also been observed in normal observers in tasks requiring judgements of horizontal spatial extent, brightness, numerosity and size.
Jason B Mattingley; Nadja Berberovic; Louise Corben; Melissa J Slavin; Michael E. R Nicholls; John L Bradshaw
Frames of reference in unilateral neglect and visual perception: A computational perspective
Neurological patients with unilateral neglect fail to orient and respond to stimuli on one side, typically the left. A key research issue is whether neglect is exhibited with respect to the left side of the viewer or of objects. When deficits in attentional allocation depend not merely on an object's location with respect to the viewer but on the object's
Michael C. Mozer
Sex Differences in the Effects of Unilateral Brain Damage on Intelligence
A sexual dimorphism in the functional asymmetry of the damaged human brain is reflected in a test-specific laterality effect in male but not in female patients. This sex difference explains some contradictions concerning the effects of unilateral brain damage on intelligence in studies in which the influence of sex was overlooked.
James Inglis; J. S. Lawson
Material-Specific Recognition Memory Deficits Elicited by Unilateral Hippocampal Electrical Stimulation
Although the medial temporal lobe is thought to be critical for recognition memory (RM), the specific role of the hippocampus in RM remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of transient unilateral hippocampal electrical stimulation (ES), subthreshold for afterdis- charge, on delayed item RM in epilepsy patients implanted with bilateral hippocampal depth electrodes. RM was assessed using a novel computer-controlled test
Steven G. Coleshill; Colin D. Binnie; Robin G. Morris; Gonzalo Alarcon; Walter van Emde Boas; Demetrios N. Velis; Andy Simmons; Charles E. Polkey; Cornelis W. M. van Veelen; Peter C. van Rijen
Hemoptysis and unilateral intra-alveolar hemorrhage complicating intravenous thrombolysis for myocardial infarction.
This report deals with a patient who developed hemoptysis due to unilateral intra-alveolar hemorrhage after receiving tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) for acute myocardial infarction; the patient had sustained an ipsilateral lung injury 2 years earlier. PMID:8818443
Hammoudeh, A J; Haft, J I; Eichman, G T
Comparison of Unilateral versus Bilateral Kyphoplasty in Multiple Myeloma Patients and the Importance of Preoperative Planning
Study Design Retrospective comparative study and technical note. Purpose To determine if there is a difference in clinical and radiographic parameters between unilateral and bilateral kyphoplasty in a uniform cancer population and to stress the importance of preoperative planning. Overview of Literature While unipedicular kyphoplasty is gaining popularity, a few comparative studies have r