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Plastic Drinking Water Plumbing System Results: Evaluated Leaching, Bacteria Growth, Carcinogens, and Odors
PEX-Uphonor, Sharkbite, Viega, Nibco, Apollo, AquaPEX, DuraPEX, Zurn
Leach chemicals that promote bacteria growth in plumbing systems
Alabama [Fairhope]
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Our West Virginia Water Crisis OP-ED was Published by the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE)
The National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) published our OP-ED in their August/September NSPE Magazine. The submission described part of our efforts following the 2014 West Virginia large-scale drinking water contamination disaster. Specifically, eight lessons learned were discussed. The NSPE website can be found here and a copy of the PDF OP-ED can be found here: Download the NSPE OPED WheltonGupta (2014) here).
Results of this OP-ED were made possible because of the contributions of many people. Students LaKia McMillan, Matt Connell, Jeff Gill, Keven Kelley, Caroline Novy, Jesus Estaba, Freddie Avera, Maryam Salehi, and Professor Kevin White are greatly appreciated. Funding for some of the effort conducted was provided to us by the US National Science Foundation and State of West Virginia. We also had the privilege of working with Corona Environmental Consulting President Jeffrey Rosen, along with Ayhaun Ergul, Jennifer Clancy, Tim Clancy, Tim Bartrand, Toxicological Excellence in Risk Assessment Executive director Mike Dourson and Jacqueline Patterson, Utah State University Professor Craig Adams, CEO Michael J. McGuire, along with many other experts from West Virginia, across the US, Israel, and the UK.
Posted in Research Tagged Collaborator, environment, graduate research assistant, plastic pipe, plumbing, publication Comments Off
Toledo Water Crisis Report: Perspective, What do we know?
Late Monday afternoon August 4, the City of Toledo released their Preliminary Water Crisis Study Report. This report describes some of the data and actions taken during the recent large-scale tap water contamination incident. Earlier in the day, the Mayor of Toledo declared tap water safe to drink for the entire 500,000 person area. The Toledo-Lucas County Health Department then issued guidance to residents and businesses on how to flush their plumbing systems.
I provided some thoughts about their report below mainly focusing on tap water contamination response and recovery. In short, their preliminary report does not address many questions pertaining to the degree scientific principles were considered in water use, water testing, and flushing recommendations. The report also does not answer many of the public's remaining questions. For an incident that affected 500,000 people, residents being told to flush contaminated water into their homes, and that the new water is safe, the lack of information provided by officials as of today is remarkable. Hopefully someone explains what happened and what data they used to make decisions in the coming days.
Who actually was involved in the response and decisions remains somewhat of a mystery
The report cites the Mayor, City of Toledo, Toledo-Lucas County Health Department, the Oregon treatment plant, Lake Superior University, Ohio EPA Columbus, and US EPA Cincinnati, but has no mention of CDC. According to the report the organizations listed above were the only organizations that had a hand in the data collection, analysis, reporting, and decision making process. Publicly, the health department proclaimed CDC was involved during an interview. But CDC was not listed in the City of Toledo report? Who was involved and what advice did they provide? This is important information as it can clarify why certain decisions were made and who provided information. I know many folks in the drinking water industry including other water companies and experts that contacted Ohio organizations involved and offered assistance. From what I understand, responders did not accept any assistance except from the few organizations listed above. Even so, they seem to have had contact with other organizations they did not disclose in their report (i.e., CDC).
Did officials mislead the public? It was really a Do Not Use order for some of the residents
The report portrays the responders considering the incident as a Do Not Drink /Do Not Boil Order, but that is not quite accurate. After issuing the Do Not Drink/Do Not Boil Order, the Toledo-Lucas County Health Department actually went further and publicly advised immunocompromised persons, children, and breastfeeding individuals not to have any contact with the water. That's not a Do Not Drink Order. That's a Do Not Use Order more similar to what was issued in West Virginia following the Crude MCHM Chemical Spill where 300,000 people were denied access to tap water for up to 10 days. The Toledo-Lucas County Health Department also advised people it was okay to brush their teeth with the contaminated water, then pulled back on that recommendation a day later. These conflicting messages implied that the responders were creating guidance on the fly, and/or did not understand what a Do Not Drink Order was. The media kept reporting Do Not Drink orders, but the Health Department was advising the population to do more than simply not drink the water. The incident was a Do Not Use order for some people not just a Do Not Drink /Do Not Boil order.
Some of the reported microcystin data could be suspect because of water collection practices. It was a good decision to use multiple labs.
Water samples that were shipped to Lake Superior State University had chlorine residual present. Microcystin (toxin) is known to react and degrade (and transform into other compounds) when exposed to chlorine. Thus, during shipping some of the toxin could have been destroyed or transformed into other compounds. To limit these changes, chlorine residual neutralization should have been considered once the water was collected. No justification of why samples were allowed to react with chlorine during transport (or not) was provided. Microcystin experts reading this will likely have more insight into the analytical methods. Kudos to Lake Superior State University for their work on this effort. Great to see independent experts involved. It would be helpful if officials could explain their methods.
Were the water samples collected representative of the highest chemical levels in the water system and at exposure locations?
During a quick response, responders generally collect water at easy to access locations such as at the source (i.e., Lake Erie), water plant, and within in the water distribution system (i.e., hydrants, restaurants, etc). This information is important to understand the scale of contamination (where the tainted water is). After tap water leaves the treatment plant, it does however take tap water different times to travel to different parts of the community so some tap water may be newer in certain other parts of the water system. Why were certain water distribution system locations selected for sampling? Do they represent the entire water system or are they biased? Reasoning why the certain locations were selected was not provided in the report. Did the responders sample to find out the highest chemical levels in the water distribution system? Were they representative?
Also important to point out is that tap water quality at a fire hydrant is not necessarily the same as tap water quality in a residential building. It remains unclear if responders tested in-home locations. [BP Gas station plumbing systems are not the same as two story home plumbing systems, dormitories, or apartment complexes].Restaurants, government buildings, hydrants, gas stations, etc. were some of the tap water collection points. This is similar to West Virginia's initial response. West Virginia only tested hydrants, government buildings, and businesses. But, the question everyone asked in West Virginia that turned out to be important was what chemical levels were in found at the exposure points….within people's homes?
If Toledo learned from West Virginia, they would have considered sampling in homes. What did they do and why did they do it?
The plumbing system flushing protocol was never tested before residents were told to partake
The ability of the flushing protocol to reduce chemical levels within homes was never tested. The reason for this decision by the responders was not described in the report. Moreover, no personal safety guidance was provided to residents about how to avoid tap water chemical exposure during flushing. Was it okay to flush hot water with your children in the room or house? (see below for some scientific analysis)
The Toledo-Lucas County Health Department plumbing system flushing guidelines were nearly identical to those used in West Virginia (where people experienced acute chemical exposure symptoms while following those guidelines). Similar to West Virginia's flushing guidelines, the Toledo-Lucas County Health Department guidelines are also similar to those when tap water with high levels of pipe corrosion products such lead and copper needs to be removed from plumbing systems. Water utilities have a long history of flushing certain chemicals out of their system to include lead, copper, iron, sediment, etc. I am not aware of any existing protocols for flushing microcystin contaminated tap water from homes however. This could be the first. What conditions would have been needed for officials to "test" the protocol before directing residents to partake?
There are key differences between the Toledo and West Virginia tap water contamination incidents that pertaining to flushing. Chemicals in West Virginia's tap water were volatile meaning that they would readily evaporate from water into air. When West Virginians opened their taps to flush contaminated tap water, chemicals volatilized into the air. Flushing hot water in West Virginia exacerbated this problem. Many homes in West Virginia my team visited had poor ventilation bathrooms and chemically contaminated air accumulated. Like the West Virginia incident, hot water flushing was recommended in Toledo. But, in Toledo, microcystin (and likely its degradation products) were much less volatile. So, the probability of chemicals in Toledo's water evaporating into air was much less. Still, should hot water flushing been recommended in Ohio knowing that organic chemicals volatilize into air faster than cold water?
As of August 5, no increased reports of acute chemical exposure symptoms had been reported in the Toledo area which is a good sign. I hope they address this topic in the coming days.
In Closing…
The Toledo incident again demonstrates that in the US, large portions of our population can be denied access to safe tap water and responding to contamination incidents is very complex. Seven months ago 15% of the people who live in West Virginia experienced something very similar.
I have no doubt officials responding to the Toledo incident worked very long hours, likely days without sleep and sacrificed many hours away from family and friends to help. We will never know the names of many of these individuals, but they should be widely thanked for their service in helping investigate and recover the community from this incident. These individuals helped out because they care about the health and welfare of the community similar to what I witnessed in West Virginia.
Several hours after the City Council meeting we have a little more information, but not much. According to the City of Toledo, EPA still has not released all of their data. There were tremendous data release delays by Federal government agencies during the West Virginia crisis. Federal agencies, from my perspective, were at times completely detached from the timeline of people who lived through the incident. The State of West Virginia requested numerous times for Federal agencies to provide data and results took months to obtain. Federal agencies were on their own timetable. Will that be the case in Ohio?
If residents affected by this incident are to feel confident in their tap water and officials, they need and deserve answers soon. If the Nation is to learn from this incident, more information must be made public. While there clearly is a need for improved nutrient control near Lake Erie, communities across the Nation can benefit from learning about the good and bad of this large-scale tap water contamination response. It's inevitable; We all need safe tap water and these incidents will happen again.
Andrew Whelton, Ph.D.
NOTE: This post could be revised if information is brought to my attention requiring the post to be revised. Revision explanations, if any, will be posted at the bottom of the page.
Posted in Research Tagged decon, Microcystin, Ohio, plumbing Comments Off
Toledo and Surrounding Area: When they Tell you to Flush Toxin Tap Water from Your Homes ….
Dear Toledo Residents Affected by the Tap Water Contamination Incident:
I am sorry that you were affected by this contaminated tap water incident. As of 9pm EST Sunday August 3, the responders have not made public really any information (who's involved, who's providing advice, sampling results, locations, an explicit step-wise strategy, etc.). There is no single website you can go to find all of the information. Conflicting information has been released about what is and is not recommended for tap water contact. This no doubt is frustrating and you are a resilient community that has kept good spirit. The bottled water provisions and your National Guard are downright tremendous. Many acts of kindness from your community and across the state are touching. Many people across the country are thinking about you.
Hopefully, over the next couple days, the officials will shift your incident into one of recovery. As of right now, they seem to still be trying to figure out the extent of contamination. [If they had released data, this would be more clear].
Officials will likely mandate flushing of the buried water pipes, storage tanks, and decontamination of your home plumbing systems. After, of course, the results of the water testing inside resident homes are released (if any). Officials will likely recommend that you purge contaminated water from your home plumbing systems. You need to be aware of a few issues for the protection of your friends and family.
Shortly after the January 2014 West Virginia Chemical Spill in and large-scale tap water contamination incident, my students and I drove to West Virginia to help those affected. We were unfunded at the time, but in the coming weeks the NSF provided us emergency funding because of the scientific emergency need there. Prior to being a faculty member, I worked for the US Army and in research positions examining chemical fate in plumbing systems including decontamination. You can find our experiences on our website http://www.southce.org/ajwhelton and those for which I was asked by West Virginia Governor Tomblin to assist the state respond at http://www.WVTAPprogram.com.
In West Virginia, before being called in by the West Virginia Governor's office to assist them, my university team discovered that the plumbing system flushing protocol endorsed by the State, EPA, CDC, water utility, and health departments caused many people (including myself and a student) to become ill. When we arrived residents were being told to flush their plumbing systems using this protocol. My team and I flushed several resident homes in an effort to determine how well the method worked.
Of the many issues with the West Virginia protocol, flushing hot water was recommended [bad idea], only flushing one time for 15 minutes was recommended [bad idea], and the protocol was never field tested to see if it worked so the population tested it on themselves [bad idea]. There were many other issues with this protocol which did not warn people about personal safety (gloves, masks, chemical sensitivity, pregnant individuals), rooms with poor or no ventilation (no windows, vent fans, etc.) [bad, bad ideas]. Nonetheless, none of the Federal and State organizations involved expressed concern about this before the 300,000 residents were directed to flush their plumbing systems. I pasted a weblink to the West Virginia protocol below. DO NOT directly apply the West Virginia approach in Toledo.
During the next week, you will embark on an effort to recover your plumbing systems and purge this contaminated water. Officials will ask you to take certain actions. It is critically important what you are told to do does NOT expose you or your family to harmful vapors. The Crude MCHM contaminated tap water in West Virginia had a very sharp, intense licorice odor. You could tell if you were being exposed. [In Toledo, microcystin and its degradation products, to my knowledge, do not have odor.] EPA, CDC, West Virginia, and the water utility in West Virginia all endorsed the flushing protocol that exposed West Virginians (and my team) to chemical vapors. No agency objected to the protocol which ultimately harmed some people. It is not logical to think that Ohio will be different if the same organizations are involved. Even more, information about who's actually providing technical assistance to the responders is not even available. It could be some of the exact same people. You should ask the officials to know who is involved in this response and what their justifications are for the decisions they make.
During the West Virginia incident, the US National Science Foundation provided my team RAPID funding to provide guidance on how to flush chemically contaminated plumbing systems. We conducted RAPID experiments to obtain data, tested tap water in homes, and made some very important discoveries. Some of those are listed above and others below.
External parties should provide feedback on the protocol (not just people in the Emergency Operations Center or affiliated government agencies).
All buried water assets should be purged of contaminated water….but assume some were not fully decon'd because of the complexity of the buried water distribution system.
A protocol should be developed and pilot tested at a few homes (not government buildings). This would help officials headoff any unexpected issues (see West Virginia).
Water testing before during and after flushing several homes should be conducted to determine its effectiveness. This will take 2-4 days. If this is not done, Toledo residents run the risk of being another example of what happens when responders ask you to see if the protocol works before they test it. Do not be their experiment.
There are more recommendations…You can download an excerpt from our 2014 AWWA West Virginia presentation where we discussed some of our flushing findings here: Whelton WV pres for OH.
Drinking water contamination incidents are specialized crises. They require individuals with specialized skills not simply organizational affiliations. It is critically important your officials engage experts who know what to think about…and what not to do. There is a step-wise process for responding/ investigating, and recovering from an incident like you are experiencing. The playbook should not be written on the fly.
I have offered my assistance to the Ohio Governor's Office, State Agencies, Mayor's office, Health Department, and water utility because I truly want to make certain you, your family, and friend's health is protected. There is no reason why you cannot benefit from the lessons we learned in West Virginia.
Andrew J. Whelton, Ph.D.
West Virginia flushing directions [—NOT RECOMMENDED FOR TOLEDO—] here: WV – How to flush
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged decon, Microcystin, Ohio, plumbing Comments Off
New CRUDE MCHM Toxicity Results Presented at NACCHO 2014, Atlanta, Georgia
On July 10, 2014 Dr. Andrew Whelton will release new CRUDE MCHM toxicity data during the closing plenary session of the National Association of City and County Health Officials Conference (NACCHO). The NACCHO event is being held in Atlanta, Georgia and is providing local health officials and their public health partners from around the country information needed to improve public health for the people they serve. The closing plenary session focuses on what city and county health officials can do prepare to respond to large-scale drinking water contamination incidents. The other closing speakers include Dr. Rahul Gupta of the Kanawha-Charleston Health Department, Major General James Hoyer of the West Virginia National Guard, and Dr. David Latif of the University of Charleston.
Whelton's presentation centers around the role of science during the West Virginia Water Crisis and, how by the application of sound science and engineering principles, professionals can help communities respond to and recover from disasters. Much of his presentation highlights the work carried-out by his students, faculty colleagues, and the international WVTAP team of experts.
The July 10 National Association of City and County Health Officials Conference presentation PDF file can be downloaded here: Whelton NACCHO Presentation File.
The new data to be released by Whelton's National Science Foundation research group reveals several key findings. Graduate student Caroline Novy was instrumental in the conduct of this work.
CRUDE MCHM was much more toxic to the freshwater indicator organism Daphnia magna than what Eastman Chemical Company found in their 1998 study.
Whelton's team determined, by applying a 48 hour exposure test, an effective concentration (EC50) of CRUDE MCHM of about 50 mg/L and a No Observed Effect Level (NOEC) of 6.25 mg/L. In contrast, Eastman Chemical Company's 1998 report cited an EC50 of 98.1 mg/L and NOEC of 50 mg/L. The lower the EC50 and NOEC, the less amount of CRUDE MCHM is needed to cause toxicity.
Further complicating toxicity data reported by Eastman Chemical Company is that on their own CRUDE MSDS sheets from 2005 and 2011 the NOEC value reported was actually 40 mg/L, not 50 mg/L as they reported in the 1998 toxicity testing final report.
Dr. Whelton has mentioned that his team followed nearly identical experimental conditions to those applied by Eastman Chemical Company in 1998 (i.e., water chemistry, same concentrations, photo period, duplicates). However, Whelton's group did deviate by replicating their testing three different times as they wanted to be certain of the result. Eastman Chemical Company only reported conducting toxicity testing once with this organism.
Funding for the results presented by Whelton was provided by the US National Science Foundation Engineering RAPID Program award #1424627.
Andrew's research team is scheduled to deliver presentations at several upcoming events to include the AWWA Water Quality and Technology, Society of Environmental Journalists, and Society for Risk Analysis Conferences and Washington State Community College. These presentations may include additional findings from their ongoing research. [Every presentation his teams have delivered since the incident occurred has contained new data]
Dr. Whelton's team can also be followed on Twitter at @TheWheltonGroup and on their blog. With a background in water system threat identification, contamination/decontamination procedures, preparedness exercises and chemical-material interaction research, his multidisciplinary team and collaborators are available to assist States, Health Departments, and Water Utilities better plan for, respond, and recover from drinking water disasters. Questions about the NACCHO file or related materials should be directed to Dr. Whelton.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The CRUDE MCHM aquatic toxicity information described in the presentation is not part of the WVTAP project funded by the West Virginia Bureau of Health. For information about the WVTAP project please visit the WVTAP website here.
Posted in Research, Team Tagged environment, MCHM, toxicity Comments Off
Green Buildings and Green Pipe: Drinking Water Odor, Chemicals, and Plastics in Real Buildings
Earlier this week, University of South Alabama graduate student Matt Connell, presented new drinking water impact results regarding plastic pipes in green buildings. At the American Water Works Association annual conference in Boston, Massachusetts, Connell discussed the degree chemicals leach from popular plastic plumbing pipes such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), along with crosslinked polyethylene (PEX). Connell also reported data from the research team's analysis of drinking water quality impacts caused by polypropylene pipes (PP), plastics that are gaining wider acceptance in US hospitals and grocery stores for potable water transport. According to Connell's earlier research, PEX is the least expensive type of domestic hot water plastic pipe ($0.48/ft), while polypropylene is the most expensive plastic ($0.94/ft). The PP pipe tested is well-known for it's "green color". A day earlier, Dr. Andrew Whelton, an Environmental Engineering Professor, described drinking water odor and chemical leaching results for six different brands of PEX pipe.
In addition to laboratory testing of PEX and PP pipes, Connell tested tap water from PEX pipe plumbed buildings located in Colorado, Maryland, and Oklahoma. All pipes tested were stamped with labels indicating they had successfully past the NSFI Standard 61 – Health Effects test commonly used for plumbing materials in the USA.
The research described by Connell was part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation and directed by Environmental Engineering Professor Andrew Whelton, Chemistry Professor Alexandra Stenson, and Watershed, LLC Managing Principal Rebecca Bryant. The project goal is to develop the information needed for building professionals to improve indoor drinking water quality in green buildings. A copy of Matt Connell's downloadable AWWA presentation can be found here: Connell AWWA Pres 06102014.
In conclusion, the researchers found:
The single brand of PP, PVC, and HDPE pipe tested never exceeded a 100 ug/L assimiable organic carbon (AOC) "threshold for bacterial regrowth," and 5 of 8 PEX pipe brands exceeded the threshold at some point during the 28 day study. However, AOC release was highly variable across PEX pipe brands where some pipes did not impart any AOC to the water. AOC measurement is applied by scientists and engineers to estimate the potential that bacteria can grow in water.
A direct comparison between three pipes, two PEX pipes and a single PP brand revealed the single brand of PP pipe tested caused less odor compared to the two PEX pipes examined.
All three pipes released regulated and unregulated chemicals into drinking water that included pipe manufacture ingredients and their degradation products. There were wide variations between the magnitude of chemicals released by PEX pipes. One PEX pipe significantly altered drinking water quality while the other did not.
Where one PEX pipe plumbing system was tested in Colorado, Maryland, and Oklahoma, chemicals were found in building tap water were associated with PEX pipe ingredients and degradation products. Odors were also present in building tap waters, but only tap water within one home had odor levels different from the water distribution system (before water entered the PEX plumbing system). Chemicals identified in the third home's tap water were found above the level at which they would cause odor problems.
The research is part of a three year project being funded by the National Science Foundation. The following individuals have participated in this project: USA graduate students Keven Kelley, Jeff Gill, Markus Moore; Undergraduate civil engineering students Rachael Cooley, Logan Dunn, William Radcliffe, chemistry students Raj Ghosal, Shelby Boyd, and business student Luis Navarro.
PEX Pipe, West Virginia MCHM Plumbing System Interaction Results
New data was released June 9 suggesting mixed results by West Virginia authorities' flushing protocol following a large-scale drinking water contamination incident earlier this year. The research results also show some, but limited, chemical permeation by one type of residential plastic piping. Dr. Whelton presented the findings at the American Water Works Association annual conference in Boston along with additional data pertaining to another NSF funded project. The West Virginia research focused on the aftermath of the January leak that affected 300,000 people around Charleston. A copy of the downloadable PDF presentation can be found here: Whelton AWWA pres Jun '14. [This file describes results of two (2) different projects. The West Virginia research is the second project described.]
"Crosslinked polyethylene pipes, which can be found in any local building supply store, are increasingly being used in US residential and commercial plumbing systems. This material is nearly six times less expensive compared to traditional copper piping," Whelton said. "While plastic pipes have certain benefits, there remains a lack of information involving their interaction with chemicals."
Whelton and a team of USA researchers traveled to West Virginia after several thousand gallons of CRUDE 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM), used in coal processing, leaked into the Elk River. The leak occurred 1.5 miles upstream of the regional water utility treatment plant's intake. The leak was discovered Jan. 9 after residents detected a licorice odor, leading to a temporary water use ban and water safety concerns. Contaminated water was distributed to a nine county area and into more than 87,000 buildings.
The USA researchers helped residents flush out their plumbing systems and began collecting data to try to determine what effect the contaminated water might have on plumbing systems and the water flowing through them. During their in-home sampling they found several homes contained crosslinked polyethylene water pipes in addition to other plastic and metal pipes.
The utility, West Virginia American Water, whose filters were contaminated by the Freedom Industries spill told residents to flush all hot water taps for 15 minutes, followed by cold water taps for 5 minutes, then all remaining faucets and appliances. Whelton's team advised residents to take additional steps by turning off hot water heaters before flushing, flush a single faucet at a time, and to ventilate buildings during flushing. Their concerns were that chemical exposure should be more limited and that a single flush would not completely clean-out the plumbing systems. In late January, Ohio State University student Krista Bryson published a video describing the flushing recommendations of the USA team during the incident.
In Boston, Whelton's team reported 4-MCHM levels within homes they visited ranged from approximately 60 ppb to more than 400 ppb. They found that flushing reduced 4-MCHM levels by 80% to 100% in two homes tested, while the 4-MCHM level was relatively unchanged in a third home. Whelton said it is unclear why flushing did not reduce 4-MCHM levels on the third home. He proposed that 4-MCHM levels within the utility's nearby main lines could still have been elevated. "We flushed all of the unflushed homes we entered personally" Whelton stated. "We know for a fact that flushing actions were similar across the unflushed homes we tested." The USA team visited homes in Kanawha and Putnam counties. some homes that were located at the end of cul-de-sac's.
Their research also suggested CRUDE MCHM's main ingredient, 4-MCHM, permeated crosslinked polyethylene pipe in laboratory testing. For comparison purposes, Whelton's team compared 4-MCHM interaction with plastic pipe to that of toluene and cyclohexane, two chemicals not present in the tap water. "We know from other studies as well as those we recently conducted that toluene and cyclohexane can rapidly permeate plastic pipe whereas 4-MCHM permeation was not rapid, but limited 4-MCHM permeation likely occurred." This finding is important because tap water was stagnated during the ban on water use. Some residents refused to flush their plumbing systems for more than 30 days because of their own water safety concerns even after being asked by the water company to do so.
Whelton's team previously reported results of their in-home resident survey in March 2014 at a Seminar at the University of New Orleans. In April Dr. Gupta of the Kanawha-Charleston Health Department presented some of the USA team's new health impact data during a National Association of City and County Health Officials (NACCHO) training event. Gupta and Whelton's team estimated nearly 100,000 people experienced negative health impacts caused by the incident, with a majority presenting to physicians not located at hospitals, and some persons did not seek medical care at all.
"Our plastic pipe results are promising considering the 4 to 10 day mandatory tap water stagnation period ordered by the utility," Whelton said. "More research needs to be conducted to provide a more definitive picture. Funding by the US National Science Foundation and support from Environmental Engineering Program Officer Dr. Bill Cooper has been instrumental in our ability to release these results today. We are continuing to study CRUDE MCHM's interaction with other plumbing system components, as various types of materials are used in plumbing systems, not just crosslinked polyethylene pipe."
Participating in the research were Kevin White, chair of civil engineering; environmental engineering graduate students Keven Kelley and Jeff Gill; environmental toxicology graduate students Matt Connell, LaKia McMillan and Caroline Novy; civil engineering undergraduate student Fredrick Avera; and chemical engineering undergraduate student Mahmoud Alkhaout. A copy of the University of South Alabama press release can be found here: USA Research Team Releases Findings
Plumbing Systems, Water Main Rehab Technologies, and the Elk River Chemical Spill in West Virginia: Learn about these Topics in Boston at AWWA ACE!
If you are headed to Boston to attend the AWWA conference June 8-12 or simply to make new contacts, don't miss out on the following opportunities.
Read the June 2014 article authored by Dr. Michael McGuire and several other West Virginia Testing Assistance Project (WVTAP) representatives in this month's Journal AWWA. This article describes the recent Elk River chemical spill that contaminated the water distribution system and plumbing systems serving 300,000 people.
SUNDAY: Rehabilitation Workshop - Education, Utility Lessons Learned, and Tech Demos!
Are you a consultant? Utility representative? Register NOW for the Sunday Water Main Rehabilitation workshop. This full-day event is an upgraded version of our WEFTEC 2013 workshop. AWWA workshop attendees will learn the science and engineering behind pipe coatings, CIPP, plastic pipes, as well as hear from experienced utility representatives in the morning. In the afternoon session, participants will get up close to each of the technologies and be able to see first-hand the technologies in action. This approach provides participants a unique opportunity to ask critical questions of the technologies to the technology representatives themselves! We have a wide array of super instructors. Signup for the workshop.
MONDAY: Plastic Plumbing Pipe, Green Buildings, West Va. Tap Water Plumbing Results
If you are building or renovating a home, selecting or repairing water service lines, or buried water piping, you should stop in at 2:00 PM at Room 254B. Our team will describe testing results from our PEX plumbing system laboratory and field investigations. This presentation may also include some data regarding our NSF funded West Virginia drinking water plumbing system research following the Elk River chemical spill.
TUESDAY: Polypropylene and PEX Plastic Plumbing Pipe in Buildings
If you weren't able to make it to Monday's presentation, that's okay. You missed out on some good information. BUT, there's still time…. At 1:30 PM Tuesday, stop in to Room 207. TheWheltonGroup presents at 2:00 PM. Has anyone you know been in a hospital or shopped at a grocery store? or lived in a building? Are you interested about green building practices? If you answered yes to any of this questions, you probably want to learn about a relatively new plastic pipe that is increasingly entering US plumbing systems. It is called polypropylene (PP). PP pipe has been installed in several hospitals, grocery stores, and is increasingly being selected for residential plumbing systems. Comparisons will be drawn between PEX piping and results will ALSO include field drinking water data.
Several of our team's environmental engineering as well as science graduate students will be attending the AWWA conference and are seeking employment.If you know of an organization that wants highly trained, motivated, and capable junior engineers and scientists, please send Dr. Whelton an email at email@example.com. Follow us on Twitter @TheWheltonGroup.
Posted in Instruction, Research, Team Tagged aging, chlorine, CIPP, coating, Collaborator, Degradation, disinfectant by-products, graduate research assistant, green building, health, Hot water, infrastructure, leaching, liners, NSF, organic carbon, plastic pipe, polymer, potable water Comments Off
April 2014 Crude Oil Spill in Virginia Highlights the Need for Backup Drinking Water Sources
The April 30, 2014 train derailment in Lynchburg, Virginia has resulted in crude oil spilling into the James River. This action has resulted in the City of Richmond water treatment facility considering a switch to an alternate water source. The Richmond water treatment facility provides potable water to 197,000 people as well as businesses and industries in Central Virginia. The facility director has indicated that the alternate water source is called "Kanawha Canal system at Tuckahoe Creek."
Persons interested in gaining a better understanding the chemical composition and fate of crude oil in water, water treatment facilities, should download this report here: Whelton Crude Oil Water Supply Report. This report was submitted as expert witness testimony during the Mobile County Circuit Court trial MAWSS vs. Plains Pipeline All American, LLC trial in December 2014.
Impact of a Crude Oil Spill in the Big Creek Lake Watershed on the
Mobile Area Water and Sewer System's Ability to Provide Potable
and Industrial Water to Its Customers
During Dr. Whelton's testimony during the trial, he indicated MAWSS, which serves 300,000 people had -no- backup potable water supply. The court and Plains Southcap, LLC pipeline installation company stated that the Mobile River used for industrial water by MAWSS (heavily contaminated with industrial pollution) would be MAWSS's the alternate drinking water source in an emergency. MAWSS however claimed that their Mobile River system is not considered fit for drinking water supply and they did not have the capacity to transport enough water or treat that industrial polluted water: Would oil spill equal Mobile evacuation? Judge, Plains Southcap challenge MAWSS expert's analysis, December 19, 2013, Press-Register
In January 2014, Dr. Whelton's University research team engaged nonprofit organizations and residents in Charleston, West Virginia to help them investigate and recover from the Elk River Crude MCHM chemical spill. A Do Not Use order issued for 300,000 customers because of extensive water treatment plant, distribution system, and plumbing system contamination: Disaster scenario realized: USA professor, grad students help victims of WVA chemical spill, January 22, 2014, Press-Register
Questions about these topics or any related reports should be directed to Dr. Andrew Whelton at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Posted in Research, Team Tagged environment, health, infrastructure, organic carbon, potable water, water Comments Off


text:
VTEM Gallery is a Joomla! Extension. It is an image gallery with slideshow.It provides many high-end features that will be described in detail throughout this document.
Editor's Note
- This extension requires registration to download.
Key features:
- 2 type layout for category list
- 9 type layout for image list
- Fully customizable thumbnails: change their width and height as well as the resizing method (maintain aspect, disregard aspect and crop).
- High performance (AJAX driven colorbox) colorbox slideshow feature, capable of displaying slideshows for categories with thousands of pictures.
- Two different display modes on frontpage: show category list or show image list.
- Customizable Search Engine Friendly (SEF) URL's.
- HTML Descriptions for each image or each category
- The Extension show images with styles(Basic/ Tape/ Pin/ Paper-clip/ Glossy-gradient/ Cut-corner/ Round-corner/ Mask).
- Supports JPEG, JPG, PNG, and GIF images
- Many options for controlling layout and behaviour, for example number of rows and columns, Enable slideshow, etc.
- Automatic thumbnail generation, creation and renaming of galleries, caption editing, front-end configuration, etc.
- The Extension compatible with IE6, IE7, IE8, Opera, Firefox, Google chrome, Safari 4
Update V 1.1
- Multiple image uploader with resizing before upload, and drag and drop,
- Frontend uploading and gallery creation.
Reviews: 9
And it is bug-ridden, which is typical for vtem products, too.
I reported a bug by giving some screenshots. The only response that I got until today is typical default reply of vtem support. They seemed neither to read my reports properly nor to investigate the issue on their component nor to solve it.
VTEM gallery could be a 5-star-extension, but currently it earns only 3-stars in my eyes: first star minus because of bug, second star minus because of support that always starts troubleshooting on customer instead of investigating the extension precisely and because of putting customers off instead of replying to bug reports professionally.
This is not remarkable for a commercial product. I have already experienced a lot more commitment and user friendliness on support of many non-commercial products out there!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
November 29, 2014
TULSA, Okla. (AP) - The defense attorney for one of two brothers accused of shooting four women to death in January says he plans to call witnesses at a Monday preliminary hearing whose testimony will point to other suspects in the killings.
John Echols told The Associated Press on Thursday that his client, Cedric Poore, had nothing to do with the killings of 23-year-old twins Rebeika Powell and Kayetie Melchor, 33-year-old Misty Nunley and 55-year-old Julie Jackson.
The four were found tied up and shot in the head.
Poore has pleaded not guilty. His brother, James Poore, has also been charged in the deaths and has pleaded not guilty.
Authorities believe the brothers robbed the women at a rundown apartment complex, then killed them because they feared they would be identified.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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Return to story
Roofers put round-tailed, yellow-cedar shingles on the roof of Salubria in Culpeper.
The most prominent reminder of last year's earthquake in Culpeper is the gaping hole on North Main Street where the Ritz Hi Hat/Levy building stood for more than 150 years.
That brick structure, whose front facade began to pull away and lean toward the sidewalk following the initial quake, was torn down a week later when an aftershock made the structure even more unstable.
A year later, there are no plans to replace the Ritz Hi Hat building. Its owner had no earthquake insurance.
The little alleyway sandwich shop next door has been braced from both the outside and inside but remains unoccupied, costing its owner thousands of dollars in lost rent.
The upper facades on two other buildings in the same block and another on Davis Street also had to be replaced at their owners' expense.
Repairs to the brick building at the corner of South East and Culpeper streets were completed only recently. New mortar is evident where re-pointing has been done on the brickwork at the rear of the old Central Hardware building (now a steakhouse).
This summer, the chimney on the Sheriff's Office, another victim of the quake, was finally replaced, while dozens of others within the town and county needed repairs after being damaged.
Hardest hit, at least financially, was St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, which suffered almost $1 million in cosmetic and structural damage.
Most of those repairs have been made to the 191-year-old sanctuary, where Gens. Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson are said to have worshiped during the Civil War, but the congregation is now embarking on a two-year fundraising effort to help pay for the restoration.
--Donnie Johnston
Dominion power says it is prepared for future earthquakes at North Anna Power Station, and that it is planning ahead to better respond to natural hazards.
With two reactors, North Anna was the first U.S. nuclear power plant to be shut down by an earthquake. Though there was no significant damage to operating or safety systems, the quake's ground motion briefly exceeded that for which the plant was designed. Both reactors were offline for nearly three months for inspections before being allowed to restart last November.
Daniel Stoddard, senior vice president for nuclear operations at Dominion, said during a press briefing last week that the company completed thousands of hours of work, hundreds of system and component inspections and other tests. It installed additional seismic-monitoring equipment, upgraded instrumentation and revised response procedures.
The plant, on Lake Anna near Mineral, was about a dozen miles from the epicenter of the magnitude-5.8 tremor.
--Rusty Dennen
The towering chimneys of Salubria, a circa-1757 Georgian mansion in Culpeper County, were fractured by last year's quake and had to be removed swiftly to protect its hipped roof.
Now, rebuilt by master mason Jimmy Price, the corbeled chimneys stand again, rising 20 feet above the roof. The chimneys were crafted from carefully salvaged bricks and new, oversized ones made by Old Carolina Brick in Salisbury, N.C., to resemble the Colonial-era ones.
The roof, supported by its original beams and hand-carved king post, is getting a new, weather-tight skin.
Peter Post, whose team re-roofed James Madison's Montpelier and outbuildings at Mount Vernon, is making round-tailed shingles of British Columbia yellow cedar to match originals salvaged from the dusty recesses of Salubria's attic.
"All those bricks cascading busted the rafters in the attic," said Douglas Harnsberger, the architectural historian from Swarthmore, Pa., who is supervising the work. "So we have eight ruptured rafters as well, and we are repairing those, and sistering new rafters in to repair the framing. And then we are putting a new shingled roof on, because the shingle up there is at the end of its life. It's 30 years old."
Virginia Lime Works of Madison Heights, Historic Roofing of Richmond and Hitt Contracting of Falls Church are collaborating on the repairs. The craftsmen aim to complete the job by late September.
A Federal Emergency Management Agency grant will cover about $356,000 of the project's $950,000 cost. Salubria's steward, the Memorial Foundation of the Germanna Colonies in Virginia, is raising the rest "from generous patriots," it said.
--Clint Schemmer and
Germanna Community College students were in the second day of the fall semester when the earthquake rumbled beneath them last August.
Classes were called off for what students dubbed a "quake break." Nursing students returned to instruction at the Locust Grove Campus in Orange County one week after the temblor, and the remaining students resumed classes Sept. 6.
The V. Earl Dickinson Building on the Fredericksburg Area Campus in Spotsylvania County was the only building on the college's two campuses and two centers to sustain significant damage. It was declared unsafe and hasn't been used since.
Repairs began in May and are to be finished by the end of next month. Classes are slated to resume there in January.
The price tag for repairs and associated costs such as leasing space for classes totaled roughly $3.5 million. All but a $5,000 deductible should be covered by the state's insurance.
Staff are expected to begin moving back into Dickinson by the end of October while renovations take place in another part of the building.
Counselors will be available for those needing assistance returning to the building.
--Pamela Gould
Four Spotsylvania schools suffered damage totaling $22,201.57, schools spokeswoman Rene Daniels said.
A wall around the mechanical structures outside Battlefield Middle was demolished and rebuilt at a cost of $12,488, the most expensive repair needed.
Livingston Elementary, the school closest to the Louisa County line, needed $4,803.31 in repairs to its well pump and $800 worth of potable water while the repairs took place. The air conditioner at Freedom Middle needed repairs totaling $2,445.26. Post Oak Middle braced a wall at a cost of $1,665.
The school division applied to FEMA for reimbursement of the costs but has not received an answer, Daniels said.
--Pamela Gould
Orange County's schools experienced minor damage, mostly cosmetic, from the earthquake, according to Doug Arnold, facilities coordinator.
The most serious damage--4 feet of concrete-block wall shaken loose near the top of the Locust Grove Primary gym--was repaired within weeks of the start of school.
The school system is getting bids for the remaining work, primarily repair and repainting of drywall and concrete-block walls, ceilings and joints.
The bulk of the work is expected to be accomplished next summer, said Arnold, who was hired a mere 30 minutes before the earthquake.
--Dan McFarland


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text: Meet the Gay Black Republican Selling Guns Online for Bitcoin Print article Send a Tip by AWR Hawkins 10 Mar 2014 post a comment Michael Cargill is a gay, black Republican who owns Central Texas Gun Works and sells guns online for Bitcoin. According to Forbes, Cargill's store is "the first legal Bitcoin-friendly firearm retail business in the country, if not the world." He started "accepting Bitcoin as an alternative to dollars for all sales... in January" and he was "inundated with [so many] emails and phone calls" that he began selling online as well. Ironically, Cargill says he "never wanted to sell guns online," but the demand for them required it. Like all other gun dealers, firearms purchased online from Central Texas Gun Works are shipped to a Federal Firearms Licensee (FFL) near the buyer. The FFL then conducts a background check before releasing the firearm to the would-be purchaser. Cargill used to be a Democrat. And in January 2013 he told Aol.Original he was "frustrated by some of the anti-gun arguments made by members of [that] party." He said they needed to "stop trying to make people feel guilty about protecting themselves." On March 10th Breitbart News spoke to Cargill and he said he changed party affiliation to Republican before the 2013 election season. His store sells t-shirts emblazoned with the words, "Buy a gun, annoy a liberal." Follow AWR Hawkins on Twitter @AWRHawkins. Reach him directly at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Sales of other petfood (for pet birds, small mammals, reptiles and fish) increased by 2 percent in current value terms in 2011, according to a new petfood industry report from Euromonitor International.
The report, Other Pet Food in Australia, covers growth in pet populations, which contributed to the value growth in other petfood in Australia. According to the report, sales of other petfoods reached AUD149 million (US$155.7 million) in 2011, of which bird food contributed the largest share, with sales of AUD74 million (US$77.3 million). Other segments covered in the report include fish food and small mammal/reptile food.
Committees discussed key proposals such as a possible shift in the oversight of animal feeds
Public meetings invited comments and provided updates
The mid-year meeting addressed several regulatory matters affecting petfoods
While petfood shoppers continue to show strong brand loyalty, pet products have not been immune to the store brand swing
There's a disconnect between consumers' confidence in petfoods and their knowledge of what makes the foods nutritious
Read more of Dr. Mukund Parthasarathy's insights on the changing petfood retail market and how it affects petfood manufacturers large and small
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Time is now to provide universal social services, strong social protection and decent jobs, says 2014 Human Development Report
Bhutan to launch 2014 HDR on Vulnerability and Resilience on 22 August
20 August 2014, Thimphu — Staggering rates of poverty, high inequality and frequent natural disasters and crises threaten the progress of human development in Asia and the Pacific. Bhutan is no stranger to these events, and addressing these challenges requires a host of initiatives. The 2014 Human Development Report (HDR) presenting several of these initiatives will be launched by Lyonpo Ngeema Sangay Tshempo, Minister of Labour and Human Resourcesat the Taj Tashi in Thimphu on 22 August.
Themed Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience, the Report provides a fresh perspective on vulnerability and proposes ways to strengthen resilience.
Across Asia and the Pacific, over a billion people live just above the extreme poverty line, on more than US$1.25 but less than US$2.50 a day. In Bhutan, an estimated 12 per cent of the population is poor and poverty is rural areas (16 %) is alarmingly higher than poverty in urban areas (1.8%) . Additionally, Bhutan's Multi-dimensional Poverty Report of 2012 highlights that the largest contributor to national poverty is due to deprived education at 43 percent.
"Despite the immense progress Bhutan has made in improving its macro-level indicators, challenges still persist. Disparities between rural and urban areas are on the rise, as a result of increasing rural-urban migration, and the aging of the agricultural labour force." said UNDP's Resident Representative Christina Carlson. "Youth employment and women's economic participation will be key factors that will influence Bhutan's ability to achieve and maintain equitable and sustainable development in the coming years.
The Report asserts that those who face multiple deprivations (marginalized communities, unemployed youth and women, and senior citizens) are especially at risk of falling back into poverty if a disaster or crisis should occur. It also urges governments to commit to the universal provision of basic social services and social protection to build resilience, especially for the poor and other vulnerable groups. It argues that countries in Asia and the Pacific do not have to wait to become rich in order to provide adequate social protection or basic social services.
The Report also highlights that a lack of decent, well paid jobs – especially for youth – is a major challenge in Asia and the Pacific. The unemployment rate among the Bhutanese youth (15-24 years of age) is considerably higher than the overall rate of 2.1 percent; among male youth, unemployment stands at 9.5 percent, and among female youth, at 11.6 percent. These rates are much more pronounced among youth in urban areas compared to rural areas, rising sharply to 20.2 percent and 29.5 percent for male and female youth respectively.
The Report urges governments to fast-track education reform policies and to accelerate broad-based economic growth to create decent and well paid jobs that are essential to improving living standards.
In addition, food insecurity, violence against women, and civil conflict and disaster risks linked to climate change, such as landslides, further threaten the security of millions of people in Asia and the Pacific.
Bhutan's 2013 Human Development Index (HDI):
- The HDI value for Bhutan is 0.584, close to the South Asian average of 0.588, but below the world average of 0.702
- Bhutan's HDI value ranks in the "medium human development" category. Bhutan is positioned at 136 out of 187 countries and territories, sharing the same rank with Cambodia
- Between 1980 and 2013, Bhutan's life expectancy at birth increased by 23.3 years, mean years of schooling stayed the same and expected years of schooling increased by 8.4 years. Bhutan's GNI per capita increased by about 536.2 percent between 1980 and 2013.
Additional information on Bhutan's HDI here
Contact Information
Jigme Dorji
Portfolio Manager
Poverty Unit
Riikka Suhonen
UNV Communications Officer
Resident Coordinators Office


text:
November 28, 2014
Captain Rich Maier with the Weston Fire Department says at about 1 p.m. firefighters responded to a report of a trailer fire at the Green Acres Mobile Home Trailer Park in Weston.
He says before they arrived at the scene, the only person inside the trailer home at the time and made it out safely.
Captain Rich Maier says the fire took place on lot 126 inside the trailer park, and no other trailers were affected. While the cause still remains under investigation, he confirms the fire did start in the trailer's living room.
Captain Maier says the person who lived in the trailer, now being called a total loss, is being helped tonight by the Marathon County Red Cross.
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Freaking News
Funny Protected Pictures
Protect MacDonyev. Member reactions:
Great job overall. I would change the uniform for a Russian uniform, and would not do the lost tooth, as it looks as much of a cliche as crossed eyes or pimples.
Thanks guys. New edits. I am not aiming for Russian Military Vlad...
Awesome... Like the uniform in yellow and black with a gun logo imprinted
Out of the box. Amazing concept and work.I like this chop.
Excellent Nicely done Good the see the lady behind..
Thank you Bob, 420, Doc, Elegary, Champ, Luciano, Eric, Rajesh, Nanny, Pat and Newsey. As a point of trivia, I actually ate at that first McDonalds in 91. We had to eat on the American side as it was split in two areas. The line out the door on the Russian side stretched two or more blocks down the street.
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The united colors of UNO all were pretty
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Excellent job House. Gary always cracks me up.
Funny Israel Will Protect It's Borders
Netanyahu: Israel Will Protect Its Borders source Quote from the movie ( Kingdom of Heaven 2005 ) I would like to share: Dialog between Balian of Ibelin ( the leader of Crusaders ) and Saladin ( the leader of Muslims) Saladin: Will you yield the city. Balian of Ibelin: Before I lose it, I will burn it to the ground. Your holy places - ours. Every last thing in Jerusalem that drives men mad. Saladin: I wonder if it would not be better if you did.
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Just beautifully done. Gee...I wonder who could have done this...hmmmmm....Bwahahahahah. Fabuloso.
Wonderful , wonderful , wonderful , awesome clear chop ....
Honestly when I see a chop like this, I keep thinking that no matter how good a chopper gets there's no limit to creativity and skill growth. Better than brilliant.
thanx a lot Vlad, your words means a lot. and ( Honestly ), no place is better than FN, to make that happen. so cheers to you and to Freakingnews.com
Way to go, young Mr. S. See, the curled money gave you away...not to mention the quality of this chop.
Congratulations. You fooled me-thought it was an AZRainman chop. Very smooth work.
This is freaking perfect, more than great a killer piece. Congrats on the cup
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glad I fooled ya Geri thanx guys for ur kind words and Votes Rainman: ur welcome Big man
You're welcome, Salis, and congrats on the win. You have really outdone yourself with this chop.
Funny Milla Jovovich Protecting Her Pot Crop
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Well...you made it into the 'TOP 10'Goat. Congratulations-great effort.
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Congrats Funkster DC 911. here we come...
Those pants on McCain are just soooo wrong LoL Congrats
bs'd I must admit that I will never submit anything b/c I am not pictorially artistic, but I am blown away by the very clever works submitted here. I think it is that humor which makes America the amazing country that it is. Can you imagine any other country allowing such political humor. Mama
Thanks All, mama, yes the USA is still a great country, even with all it's problems. It's one of the best in the world, right behind Canada. Cheers.
Funny Protect Serve Entertain
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the motto. Thanks for the youtube link.
For more funny photoshop pix visit
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Spinach-Pine Nut Pasta >
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Nutritional Facts
Select reviews >
Spinach-Pine Nut Pasta
"This is a fantastic recipe," assures Katie Graczyk of Darien, Illinois. "It's easy to prepare with a taste that rivals dishes served in fancy Italian restaurants."
5 Servings
Prep/Total Time: 20 min.
8 ounces uncooked gemelli
spiral pasta
1/2 cup sun-dried tomatoes (not packed in oil), chopped
8 ounces coarsely chopped fresh spinach
1-1/2 cups fat-free milk
1 package (1.6 ounces) Alfredo sauce mix
1/2 cup pine nuts,
1/4 teaspoon salt
Cook pasta according to package directions, stirring in the tomatoes
and spinach during the last 4 minutes of cooking time. Meanwhile, in
a small saucepan, combine milk and Alfredo sauce mix. Bring to a
boil; cook and stir for 1 minute or until thickened. Stir in 1/4 cup
pine nuts and salt.
Drain pasta and vegetables; toss with Alfredo sauce. Sprinkle with
remaining pine nuts. Yield: 5 servings.
Nutritional Facts:
1 cup equals 337 calories, 10 g fat (2 g saturated fat), 2 mg cholesterol, 618 mg sodium, 49 g carbohydrate, 4 g fiber, 15 g protein.
Diabetic Exchanges:
2-1/2 starch, 2 fat, 1 vegetable.
© Taste of Home 2014


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Winner of the ITURRI Group 2012 Christmas Card competition
Myriam Collada Muñoz. Age 8. From SpainRead more »
Myriam Collada Muñoz. Age 8. From SpainRead more »
The training of Endesa technicians in the Tenerife headquarters of Granadilla has been carried out by technicians from the ITURRI Group. The courses advised on the correct use of fire protection systems which are present in their facilities.Read more »
The FIAT Auto Poland factory in Tychy, Poland, began manufacturing cars in 1992 and to date has produced 6.2 million vehicles.Read more »
Navantia is the leading Spanish company in the military naval construction sector which, due to its size and technological capability, occupies an important position in the European and world naval construction and repair industry.Read more »


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Smashed Potatoes
Everyone's favorite side dish. These smashed potatoes are crispy on the outside but still tender on the inside.
A few years ago I saw Jacques Pepin make these on his cooking show on PBS. I made a mental note to put that recipe on my list of things I want to make.
Well, friends I did it. Now, I'm not trying to make this sound like a monumental feat because really they're easy to make. I'm excited because they're so stinkin' good. Why I waited this long to make them, I don't know.
Since then I've seen this recipe around the web a few times with each person adding their own little twist. The outcome, however, is the same. A scrumptious crispy skinned potato that's still light and fluffy on the inside.
My version just has some garlic and sage topping on each potato. Simple and delicious. Am I on a sage kick lately, or what? First it was these chops, then this pasta. I love sage. That's all there is to it.
Let's talk about the smashed part. When you smash you're not smashing them totally flat into bits and pieces.You're just breaking them. I used a measuring cup and just pushed down lightly until the potato broke. I killed one of them, it couldn't take the pressure. It didn't make it to the photo.
Then you'll put them back on the burner to let them get all crispy and more delicious.
While the potatoes were browning I dropped some sliced garlic and sage right there in the pan with them. Let them get crispy and plop them on top of the potatoes.
Dive in!
- 1½ pounds baby potatoes
- 1½ teaspoons salt
- 1 clove garlic (or more to taste) (optional)
- 1 tablespoon sage chopped (optional)
- 2 tablespoons olive oil or vegetable oil
- deep cast iron skillet
- Place the potatoes in the skillet and add the salt
- Fill the skillet up ½ way with water and cover with a lid
- Cook the potatoes in the water until tender. 8 to 10 minutes depending on size of the potatoes.
- Remove the lid and allow the water to evaporate. 5 more minutes.
- Pour water out if not completely evaporated.
- Pop each potato with a measuring cup or other object of your choice until it cracks. Don't smash too hard.
- Add oil and allow the potatoes to brown to a light crisp flipping them over to crisp both sides. 8 - 10 minutes per side.
- While browning the potatoes add the sage and garlic to one side of the skillet and allow to brown being careful not to burn.
- Season with more salt and some pepper if desired.
- Add the garlic and sage to the potatoes and enjoy!
- Almond Biscotti
- Crunchy Chicken Lettuce Wraps with Tzatziki Sauce
18 thoughts on "Smashed Potatoes"
Carol at Wild Goose Tea
What an intriguing idea. Easy is always always good. But crispy and a bit of a conversation starter. I like it! I am glad you finally got around to trying this recipe out.
Consuelo @ Honey & Figs
They sound so crispy and delicious! Aww what a perfect side dish! x
Lail | With A Spin
Comfort food at its best! Fabulous photography.
Hi Norma,
Those mashed potatoes look so yummy and I like the simplicity of the recipe. Very good to accompany a fish.
Pamela @ Brooklyn Farm Girl
One of my ultimate favorite sides, these potatoes look great!
Cindy @ Pick Fresh Foods
My husband loves potatoes! Seriously, loves them and will eat them any and every way. I am going to have one happy guy when I make these. Thanks!
Natalie @ Tastes Lovely
Smashed potatoes are SO good! I love the crispy nooks and crannies it gives them. These pictures are gorgeous!
I've been craving crispy on the outside, creamy on the inside potatoes like this! Must make. Soon.
Helen @ Scrummy Lane
I think these could very easily become a firm favourite, Norma. Pinning them for the next time I need to snazz up my potatoes!
Hey, these look fantastic. I made them once but they didn't look nearly this nice. I smashed them too much. I think I need another go at it though. Nice photos!


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March 11, 2010
The first Jotun Multicolor showroom was recently opened in Atyrau, Kazakhstan and is operated by Jotun Turkey, which has territorial rights over Kazakhstan for Jotun. Read More »
March 10, 2010
Amy Wax of Montclair has won the top prize for Residential Exteriors in the 2010 Benjamin Moore HUE Awards. Read More »
March 10, 2010
Sherwin-Williams has signed an agreement with Spraylat Corporation of Pelham, NY, to become the exclusive North American distributor of Spraylat EMI/RFI shielding finishes. Read More »
March 9, 2010
Sherwin-Williams' Euronavy ES301 has been named the 2009 Product of the Year by the Steel Tank Institute. Read More »
March 9, 2010
Songwon Industrial Co., Ltd., Ulsan, Korea, and Chemservice S.A., Gre�ven��macher, Luxembourg, have launched the regulatory affairs consulting company, Chemservice Asia Co. Ltd., which is registered in Seoul, Korea. Read More »
March 9, 2010
The Chemark Consulting Group ann�ounced a collaborative broadening of its consulting services into technical service and business development management. Read More »
March 9, 2010
According to a new report from consulting firm Kusumgar, Nerlfi & Growney, worldwide consumption of five leading additives for coatings and inks was 1.4 million pounds worth $3.1 billion in 2008. Read More »
March 9, 2010
In developing custom-designed color solutions for customers in the global paint and coatings industry, color accuracy is the first priority, but speed is also of the essence. Read More »
March 3, 2010
Ecology Coatings has developed bio-based materials for use in a new family of EcoQuik UV-curable coatings. Read More »
March 3, 2010
Glasurit, a BASF Coatings paint brand, recently opened its first Refinish Competence Centre (RCC) for automotive refinish products in France in the city of Montataire. Read More »
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J266545 — Textured Interlocking Chain Necklace by VT Luxe
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The founding fathers agreed that everyone was endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights. They understood about overbearing governments. To a great extent our own freedom lies in protecting the rights of others, even when we might not approve of their beliefs or goals. The art of freedom is finding where to draw the line.
In the last debates, both of our presidential candidates said that the main priority is "keeping us safe," not "free." When I pledge to the flag, with liberty and justice for all, in my mind liberty comes first. If we lose our focus on liberty, we are no different than any other nation, and we have no "values" to share. If safety comes first, the government tries to be in control of everything and everyone- the opposite of freedom. It seems we respect what our government is supposed to be, but we don't like what it has become.
The recent deaths of abalone divers remind me that they weren't free to use canned air, which would have kept them safe.
Rev. Tom Slater


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The goggles are pretty good considered the level requirement is only 72 where as the helm is lvl 80.
I'd say the T7 is pretty obviously the better choice, but not by such huge margin as one might imagine. Slight increase in strength and stamine and nice amount of block value. After that it's just hit versus expertise which probably depends on what you need more at the time.


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Cold Specks, Doug Burr Dan's Silverleaf Tuesday, November 13 It was a fascinating mix of old, weird folk last night, as Dan's Silverleaf hosted Cold Specks with opener Doug Burr. And while both acts feature deeply spiritual music, they come from two somewhat different perspectives. Burr is deeply i ... More >>
Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea (Island Records)


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Comin' Down Lyrics - Paula Cole
Paula Cole/Dean Parks
Lord make me a lightning bolt to burn off this ring
(comin' down, comin' down),
Lord make me a Skilsaw to cut through these chains
(comin' down, comin' down),
Lord give me the clarity to see through this smoke,
And salvage the woman comin' down.
Lord make me an arrow to pierce through the lies
(comin' down, comin' down),
Lord make me a lens to better see my life
(comin' down, comin' down),
Lord make me an instrument to sing away the pain,
This rushing river, comin' down.
I'm free, here in the mountains of peace may I be.
I see the greatness above and the smallness of me.
Lord I'm mistaken in the choices that I made
(comin' down, comin' down)
I made me a prison that should've been a man
(comin' down, comin' down)
Lord help me discover the courage to Be,
To handle these changes comin' down.
I'm free here in the mountains of peace may I be,
I see the greatness above and the smallness of me.
So free, here in garden awake consciously,
I see the greatness within; the greatness in me.
Lord I'm your instrument, I'll shoulder the weight,
Of feeling emotions in a deeper shade.
I'll be the one who puts them to song,
And liberate the heartache comin' down.
Click here to submit the Corrections of Comin' Down Lyrics
Please Click Here to Print Comin' Down Lyrics
The following area is only for review, if you want to submit the lyrics or the corrections of the lyrics, please click the link at the end of Comin' Down Lyrics.


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Why do some people oppose military drone (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicle) activity while others support it? [Influences on military and political attitudes may also be of general interest. - Edit.]
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text: HCC's Herron Center will offer open registration for Fall 2014 on Friday, August 15th, from 10am to 1pm, by appointment only. Students may enroll in both regular and bi-term classes on this day. HCC employees will be present to assist with registration. Contact Shannon Clements by August 12, 2014, at 270-831-9711, to schedule an appointment. Application deadline is August 6, 2014. HCC's Herron Center is located at 4500 US Hwy 60 West, behind the UC high school.


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After the global warming-battling Edwardsport coal gasification power plant used more power than it generated during the September-to-November timeframe, earlier this month information filed with the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission showed the Duke Energy facility operated at less than 1 percent of capacity in February.
As Duke wants to recover $1.5 million in costs related to the plant, the state office that advocates for its customers – the Office of the Utility Consumer Counselor – wants IURC to more closely scrutinize why Edwardsport's operation has been such a miserable failure. The much-delayed and fought-over plant had a $1.4 billion cost overrun and as a result is adding an average 16 percent increase to Hoosier State customers' electric bills.
NLPC has detailed extensively the wastefulness and folly of spending billions of taxpayer and consumer dollars to subsidize wind energy, solar energy and electric vehicles, all in the name of fighting climate change.
But the complicated, uneconomical boondoggle that Duke Energy built in Edwardsport, Ind. so as to burn coal gas rather than coal – and thus produce less carbon dioxide than a traditional coal plant – may be the dumbest idea to fight imaginary global warming to date. If you swallow the alarmists' premise and "solutions," the plant so far is a joke, as recent evidence shows it is using more energy than it produces.
Just when you thought the Loan Program Office in President Obama's Department of Energy might put its unused electric auto loan money back in the Treasury coffers, the government investor-crats are going to try to find some takers for the dollars of disrepute that have been tainted by the likes of inoperative, nearly bankrupt Fisker Automotive and Vehicle Production Group.
Duke Energy's "green" initiative to gasify coal for allegedly "cleaner" burning at its Edwardsport, Ind. power plant has already been vilified for cronyism, corruption, conflicts of interest, cost overruns, delays, waste, and mismanagement, but at least it became operational in June.
For six days.
The so-called "clean coal" project that was intended to have a carbon dioxide capture-and-storage component suffered breakdowns that left it inoperative on June 13, almost a week after Duke's formal announcement that Edwardsport was on line, and only a day after the nation's largest utility showed media members around the plant. The Indianapolis Star broke the news on Friday.
The claim that the many beneficiaries (like Solyndra and Fisker Automotive) of President Obama's green energy stimulus program received their millions of taxpayer dollars based on measurable metrics rather than political favoritism has always been undermined by the circumstantial evidence, but documents obtained by Complete Colorado indicate the White House applied direct pressure to its own Department of Energy to reward (another) one of its allies.
A $3.3 billion coal gasification and carbon dioxide capture power plant owned by Duke Energy, built in order to pacify concerns over the fake global warming scare, will increase rates for its Indiana customers by 14.5 percent the next two years.
A Department of Energy-funded solar company that laid off 280 workers last week quietly imposed a mandatory, temporary cessation of its operations during the holidays, and warned employees to "not let the rumor mill create false purposes for this shut down." And in another sign of potential financial troubles, a company document that is supposed to guide "the next great solar company" advises leadership to "stretch payables" to help attain its goals.
In administrating its stimulus-fed loan and grants programs, the Department of Energy has been accused of incompetence, carelessness, recklessness, and cronyism. Now it can add inconsistency to those distinguishing characteristics.
Last week yet another treasured Obama administration "Green" energy company – electric vehicle battery manufacturer Ener1 – went bankrupt, after having been granted $118 million in stimulus funds in August 2009. But the gift did more than just sustain it and subsidiary EnerDel; the cash enabled the company to bail out what would be its top customer, a Norwegian electric car company that had already been drained of cash on at least three previous occasions.
The former head of the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission, who was fired in October 2010 by Gov. Mitch Daniels for improper contact with top officials at troubled Duke Energy, has been indicted.


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Yugoslavia, 1980 (MIFF 1980, Programme 7)
Director: Joško Marušić
!n a small fishing village, people have been living the same life for generations. The life of the people is only slightly above that of the countryside in which they live. All that they have, and that identifies them as human beings, comes from the sea. But one night, the normal order of things is disturbed.


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DVD release of the 2013 motion picture.
Rush (Motion picture : 2013)
Video recordings for the hearing impaired.
Feature films.
Fiction films.
Action and adventure films.
Historical films.
Biographical films.
Formula One automobiles
Automobile racing drivers
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CommentAdd a Comment
I wasn't a huge fan , but I liked it . My boyfriend and I have a hard time finding movies for the both of us but this worked out to be something we could both sit through and enjoy.
very good
Exhilarating true story of two Grand Prix race car drivers having opposite personalities. One that is discipline, one that is reckless on the track, while driving against each other in competition for the world companionship Grand Prix. A must see!
Good exploration of personality, and a bit of a relationship movie. Good acting.
I'm not really a fan of racing ... but with a director like Ron Howard I figured it just might be ok. I'm glad I took a chance. This film is based on historical facts about the rivalry of two race car drivers and what makes each one tick. It's really fascinating to see what 'drives' a person to take such risks knowing that the odds of dying in any race is quite high. Very good acting by the 2 main characters ... it's basically all about them, their ambitions, their addiction to danger and ultimately how far they'd go to feed that addiction. Very Good!
Why wasn't this a bigger hit? Suspenseful and well made with great cast, direction, editing, story, music score and sound track.
Surprisingly entertaining. It is a movie about the rivalries of two racing drivers.
A fascinating story told in a by-the-numbers way. All the notes are hit, the story is well told, the racing comes across as convincing, the actors deliver their lines with conviction but soul and tension are missing.
Saw this movie with my grandson and we both loved it. Great action scenes, especially of the car races, they pull you into feeling like it's a real race. The acting was excellent by all involved ( I could just watch Chris Hemsworth breathe), but seriously, we enjoyed it very much. It was wonderful to find a movie that Mimi and grandson could both watch and not feel like we were just doing it to be nice to the other person. Was quality time well spent! Not for younger kids....James Hunt was quite the playboy.
This is a 2013 British-German biographical sports drama centered on the rivalry between race car drivers James Hunt and Niki Lauda during the 1976 Formula One motor-racing season.
At the German Grand Prix, Lauda urges the F1 committee to cancel the race due to heavy rain on the already notoriously dangerous Nürburgring.
The request is vetoed by majority of the racers after Hunt convinces them that Lauda would benefit by having one less race in the season.
Both Hunt and Lauda start the race with rain tires, which becomes a costly tactic due to most of the track quickly drying up.
They both pit to change tires during the second lap, but halfway through the third lap, a suspension arm in Lauda's Ferrari breaks, sending the car flying into an embankment before it bursts into flames and is further hit by other cars on the track.
After being pulled out of the flaming wreckage, he is airlifted to the hospital with third-degree burns to his head and face and dangerous internal burns to his lungs.
For the next six weeks, Lauda is treated for his injuries while he watches his rival dominate the races in his absence.
Against his doctor's orders, he returns behind the wheel of his Ferrari at the Italian Grand Prix to finish fourth while Hunt fails to finish the race.
It is a thrilling, fascinating, gripping and emotionally charged docu-drama.
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"The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today." -Franklin D Roosevelt
"One person can make a difference and every person should try." –John F Kennedy
Niki Lauda: Of course he didn't listen to me. For James, one world title was enough. He had proved what he needed to prove. To himself and anyone who doubted him. And two years later, he retired. When I saw him next in London, seven years later, me as a champion again, him as broadcaster, he was barefoot on a bicycle with a flat tire, still living each day like his last. When I heard he died age 45 of a heart attack, I wasn't surprised. I was just sad. People always think of us as rivals but he was among the very few I liked and even fewer that I respected. He remains the only person I envied.
Niki Lauda: Happiness is your biggest enemy. It weakens you. Puts doubts in your mind. Suddenly you have something to lose!
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Rush trailer


text: Human Rights Campaign bus tour coming to Atlanta during Pride weekend The GA Voice Editors July 28, 2011 Uncategorized The HRC is visiting 11 states in total, none of which have statewide laws covering non-discrimination for LGBT persons. Also, none of the states on the tour have any form of legal recognition for same-sex couples and all have constitution amendments banning same-sex marriage. The tour bus will carry with it an exhibit featuring information on issues like family, health, religion and spirituality, and coming out. The HRC will also host seminars and community forums during the tour. No specific events have been announced for Atlanta. Here's the tour schedule: Aug 12-14 Salt Lake City, UTAug 19-21 Omaha & Lincoln, NEAug 26-28 Lawrence, KS & Kansas City, MOSept 1-5 New Orleans, LASept 9-11 Austin & College Station, TXSept 16-18 Little Rock, ARSept 23-25 Louisville & Lexington, KYSept 30-Oct 3 Washington, DCOct 7-9 Atlanta, GAOct 14-16 Birmingham & Tuscaloosa, ALOct 21-23 Jacksonville, FLOct 28-30 Orlando, FL For more information, please visit www.hrc.org. Top photo: The Human Rights Campaign plans a cross-country bus tour to raise visibility of LGBT issues (via hrc.org) SHARE ON Leave a Reply Cancel Reply Your email address will not be published. Name* Email* Website 8 − = one Comment Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Notify me of new posts by email.


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This week, the Voice profiled Bryan Kasenic, who throws the monthly Bunker partythe city's premiere techno eventwhich celebrates its ninth year tonight at Public Assembly with a bash featuring Chicago house legend Derrick Carter and Dutch techno great Legowelt. Below are some outtakes ... More >>
Bryan Kasenic's techno-plus party lives
Optimo and their fans, up all night. Pics by Chris, more below.The Bunker's Eighth Anniversary With Optimo, Donato Dozzy, and Derek Plaslaiko 1/7/10 at Public Assembly Better than: Watching Antony Hopkins play Hitler in The Bunker. Any party in New York that reaches even its first an ... More >>
It's the first week of the new year! This also means it's the first week to break your resolutions to drink less and sleep more. Enablers that we are, behold your week in nightlife, featuring the return of our favorite Lower East Side fete, a music festival, a lot of disco, and so much more.
Tonight a mix of electro and hip-hop pervades Webster Hall's "Girls & Boys," a party with more teenagers and neon than... not. The pairing of U.K.-born dubstep darling Rusko and Chicago hip-hop queen Kid Sister might seem strange at first, but just go with it. (Or, take a listen to Rusko's of ... More >>


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Mens Snowboards - MensSnowboards, All Brands on sale at Proboardshop. With hundreds of mens snowboarding brands to choose from you can't go wrong. We ship quicker than anyone else and have been since 1982. Proboardshop has your board waiting.
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Corvallis 104.3 FM • Hood River 91.9 FM • Portland 90.7 FM
Hosts Ani and Lyn address the rise of xenophobia and racisim, as exemplified in the attitudes of the tea partiers, anti-immigration legislation, and white supremacy gangs in the Northwest.
They speak with Dr. Roberto Rodriguez about Arizona's anti-immigrant law, SB 1070, and his latest article Arizona: This is What Apartheid Looks Like, and Alicia, a local anti-racist activist.
Dr. Roberto Rodriguez is an award winning journalist and Assistant Professor at the University of Arizona.
For more information on Portland area anti-racist organizing, check out Rose City Antifa.
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Congratulations to new Board Members, elected at KBOO's Annual Membership Meeting on Saturday, September 20, 2014.
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Penn St
Coaching Legend Bobby Bowden: "I Wouldnt Give The "Death Penalty". They've Suffered Enough"
The Drive Friday 7-13-12- Bobby Bowden joins The Drive to talk about the recent news at Penn St, we get his thoughts on his old friend Joe Paterno, and we get his thoughts on if Penn St should get the "Death Penalty" in this case.
Yahoo Sports, Dan Wetzel: "It Took Almost 7 Minutes To Read It All Out(His Verdicts)."
The Drive Monday 6-25-12-Dan Wetzel talks with The Drive about the Sandusky verdict coming down over the weekend, what the atmosphere was like in the courtroom, and where this puts Penn St as an university for the future.
Legendary Coach Bobby Bowden On The Drive
The Drive Monday 1-23-12- Taylor and Marc talk with the legendary Florida State coach Bobby Bowden about the passing of Joe Paterno, whats his retirement from football has been like, and we get Bobbys favorite […]
Big Ten Takes Paterno Name Off Trophy
PARK RIDGE, Ill. (AP) The Big Ten has taken Joe Paterno's name off the Big Ten's football championship trophy.
ESPN, Jeremy Schaap Talks With The Drive
The Drive Thursday 11-10-11- From ESPN The Drive talks with Jeremy Schaap about the Penn St scandal, including what will happen with Mike McReary, the NCAA punishment, and his thoughts on the passing of Joe […]
ESPN, Trevor Matich Talks With The Drive
The Drive Wednesday 11-9-11- College football analyst Trevor Matich joins The Drive to talk with Taylor and Marc about the Penn St scandal.
Tony Ricciardi State College ESPN Radio 1450
The Drive Wednesday 11-9-11- From ESPN Radio in State College, Pennsylvania Taylor and Marc talk with Penn St alum and host of the Pre and Post game show Tony Ricciadi about the latest in Happy Valley.
FoxSportsSouth, Andrew Jones Talks With The Drive
The Drive Tuesday 11-8-11- Andrew Jones talks with Taylor and Marc about the scandal in Happy Valley.


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Humidity 21%
Winds 3.5mph
Humidity 21%
Winds 3.5mph
Humidity 59%
Winds 10.4mph
May 4, 2012 5:15 PM by Mike Daniels
Saturday will be much like today with sunny skies and temperatures feeling more like July instead of May. A strong cold front moves down I-25 late saturday night and sunday morning with high temperatures sunday 25 to 30 degrees colder than saturday. A few thunderstorms will pop up sunday afternoon and evening. An even better chance of rain monday with temperatures falling even lower.
15 hours ago


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For new questions please post at magento.stackexchange.com, the community-run support site for the Magento community. We will be providing updates on the new forum solution soon. For questions or concerns please email firstname.lastname@example.com.
What is the best way to put the full category tree menu on the home page vertically on the left side of the page instead of the top nav bar?
I would like to be able to list all the categories, which are only two with level 1 and 2 flyouts.
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Featured news
Security, privacy, reliability among risks of VoIP
Thursday, 14 April 2005, 1:25 PM EST
After four years of pondering, Bruce Stevens is finally ready to buy a service for making phone calls cheaply over the Internet.
The New Orleans graphics designer just isn't ready yet to rely on it as his sole means of communications: He'll keep his cell phone, even if it means an extra $60 a month.
At Networking Pipeline.
[ Read more ]


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Featured news
Security risks still seen as small for Linux users
Tuesday, 25 April 2006, 1:42 PM EST
When the Indiana Department of Education rolled out PCs running Linux to schools last year, it installed open-source antivirus software on the servers connected to the desktop systems to scan incoming e-mail. But it didn't bother to put antivirus tools on the PCs themselves.
At Computerworld.
[ Read more ]


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Motivational Speaker, Training & Development Consultant, Father, Ironman Competitor, Love to be on the water in my bass boat with friends!