text:
Umer Sharif Stage Show -Pakistani Urdu Stage Drama
Video Player
Apnaatv.com visit for Complete Stage and TV Shows Apnaatv.com free house of Entertainment .
Report a Violation 0 2,259
Similar Photos
Iqbalkhan And Neha Bamb - Kaisa yeh pyar haiA lovely couple andgad and kripa in the drama show kaisa yeh pyar hai. by mazzi
Dia Mirzaby
2011 Comedy Awards WinnersComedy Central hosted its first annual comedy awards show -- which was great because the comedians spent the night showing off what they were being honored for: their ridiculous humor. Check out the big winners! by Naina
Nawaz sharif funny 2011Nawaz sharif funny 2011 by Naina
Related Blog Posts
Mick Jagger Is To Rock A Panoramic Film Music icon and singer of rock band The Rolling Stones, Mick Jagger, is considering making a movie based on rock music.
Salman Khan's bodyguards fights with villagers Salman Khan's bodyguards got into scuffle with some villagers, where it all happened during the search of a shooting location for Dabangg 2 near Pachgani. Read more
Nike basketball shoes Nike basketball shoes
Report a Violation
To report questionable or inappropriate content, please use the form below. To report copyright infringement, please submit a DMCA request.
Other Member's Reactions
Be the first one to post your reaction!


text:
November 26, 2014
June 13, 2014
Today is Friday the 13th and early this morning the full moon reached its peak, leaving some people feeling a little superstitious.
For the first time since 2000, two supposedly freaky days have collided.
"The moon was at its peak this morning at 12:11 a.m. eastern time. It's a rare event. They don't line up to have a Friday, and a 13th and a full moon that often," said Ed Murphy associate professor of Astronomy at The University of Virginia.
Folklore says Friday the 13th carries bad luck, and the full moon can mess with your mind.
But Murphy says not so much.
"We get a lot of questions on the effects that the full moon has of people and lots of scientific studies have been done on births, arrests, psychiatric ward admissions, all sorts of phenomenon that people associate with the full moon, and none of them correlate with the phases of the moon."
Spiritualists say you don't have to worry about avoiding black cats or throwing salt over your shoulder. Friday the 13th could actually be a day of good luck
"The full moon is Sagittarius, specifically Sagittarius is all about expansion, exploring new things." said Harrison Helm, a member of the University of Virginia's Society for Awakening Souls.
Helm encourages people to approach Friday the 13th from a place of excitement, rather than anxiety.
"The number 13 in Cabalistic Numerology, the number one is really about getting out there and starting things. Three is a number where your body and mind are aligned. It's a great day for trying new things and finding new passions," said Helm.
If you missed the full moon overnight, astronomers say just after sunset tonight, you can see a big bright moon, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Last month Phoenix New Times celebrated the cream of the crop with our 36th annual Best of Phoenix edition. Here are our top picks for places to get dessert in metro Phoenix. Best Candy Store: Super Chunk Sweets and Treats Since opening late last year, Super Chunk Sweets and Treats has wasted no ... More >>
When The Grouch wrote "The Bay to L.A.", we're guessing he didn't make the hook say "Take me to L.A." over and over again because a restaurant in the area was making churro ice cream sandwiches, but he probably would've if they had been out back then. Regardless, you should probably book a $40 Greyh ... More >>
We've got some sad news for the central Phoenix neighborhood around the Pink Spot. As of last week the cafe and ice cream shop has closed its doors for good. The Pink Spot opened in 2008 and served a menu of breakfast eats all day in addition to signature wraps, coffee drinks, and smoothies. The b ... More >>
Doc Brown Owner Doc's Artisan Ice Cream www.artisanicecreams.com If you stop by Doc's Artisan Ice Cream in Tempe, you won't find a charming ice cream parlor with a brightly painted walls and beautifully displayed desserts. You'll probably find Brown working away in what amounts to an ice cream lab ... More >>
If you went to Devoured on Saturday then you might have already tasted some of the frozen creations from Doc's Artisan Ice Creams. The frozen treat shop ran a booth inside the museum and gave out samples of 10 flavors of its sorbet. But if you picked anything other than the coconut lemongrass lime ... More >>
Hint: It's probably not the one you're thinking of. But before we tell you who it is, we'll take a moment to point out that the list of the food blog's favorite ice cream shops includes one of our own picks from our list of 10 crazy ice creams made by artisans around the country. For example, Chow ... More >>
Only five years ago, now-commonplace ice cream flavors like sweet corn or craft beer would have caught anyone off guard. But with the introduction of bacon to the dessert course a few years ago, the line separating sweet and savory was forever demolished. These 10 ice creameries craft artisanal vers ... More >>
Throughout August, Blue Bell Creameries wants its fans to share their love of ice creams and novelties in an online contest to win a VIP trip to Blue Bell's creamery.
As the monsoon storms roll in to smother the dry heat, Phoenix inhabitants have begun to hibernate in the chill of their air-conditioned homes. Transporting frosty treats is near impossible, as they melt into puddles before we can puzzle-piece them into our already packed freezers. I'm a custard ... More >>
What sweet does a pastry chef crave in her non-sweet surround off-hours? Ice cream! Better yet, ice cream sandwiches. Housemade ice cream on freshly baked cookies is the ultimate summertime treat. There are a few ice cream mavens churning up the cold, creamy goods in the Valley, this battle between ... More >>
Rezbot, John Sagasta's shop of late-night Native American food, may have closed a little over a month ago, but the Jobot Coffee owner already has plans for the space. You could even say they were pretty cool (sorry). See also: - Hot Dogs & Pie: Mamma Toledo's to Open Space Inside New Short Leash ... More >>
Remember last year when we told you Sprinkles Cupcakes was going to start making their own ice cream? They opened the first Sprinkles Ice Cream store in Beverly Hills and though they still haven't said when we'll be getting a storefront in the Valley, you will have a chance to taste the frozen-cupca ... More >>
Helen Yung Sweet Republic 9160 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale 480-248-6979, www.sweetrepublic.com See also: -- Sweet Republic Makes U.S. News and World Report's List of America's Best Ice Cream -- Tastemaker 88: Jan Wichayanuparp and Helen Yung This is part one of my interview with Helen Yung, c ... More >>
Flu season has hit the country hard this year. Chances are you're either hacking up some gross form of the infectious disease into a hankie right now or, thanks to a fever-ridden co-worker who's decided to make today "bring your germs to work day," you will be before long. How 'bout a booze-infused ... More >>
A fast food burger chain in Brazil has released a burger with a completely edible wrapper, and the video is both fascinating and horrifying -- without context. According to Comunicadores, the stunt was meant to demonstrate that the the burgers were so very delicious that people simply couldn't stop ... More >>
As autumn gives way to winter, it might not seem like the ideal time to eat ice cream. Then again, there's never a bad time for ice cream, and the weather has been so warm lately that December seems like the end of the world's longest summer. Pretend it's a snowy white Christmas by getting your chil ... More >>
What? Not done with your holiday shopping? Yeah, neither are we. But we've been making lists -- and checking them twice -- and we've got some suggestions for the nice people on your list. Today, Chow Bella's Gift Guide for the Mom. See also: - Jackalope Ranch's Gift Guide for the Mom - Chow Bella's ... More >>
What kind of restaurant has dessert so insanely good that it gets its own storefront? Windsor/Churn, that's what. It kind of feels like I'm cheating here because the whole premise of Dessert First is to test restaurants' final courses, but when breaking the rules tastes so sweet, who the hell cares? ... More >>
Cookiez on Mill, one of Mill Avenue's few remaining independently owned businesses, has shuttered. The family-owned treat shop, which for years was the go-to place in Tempe to score one of the best ice cream sandwiches in the Valley (think: your choice of premium ice cream squished between two, ma ... More >>
We've spent the last year in the laboratory putting Phoenix under the microscope to reveal hundreds of specimens of the best culture, outdoor adventures, shopping, dining, and nightlife the city has to offer. And we're finally ready to publish our results. Nerd alert! Now presenting Scientific Phoen ... More >>
See also: Sweet Republic Makes U.S. News and World Report's List of America's Best Ice Cream When do you know you've made the Big Time? For most people, appearing in a national publication would be a pretty good litmus test. But by now, Partners Helen Yung and Jan Wichayanuparp -- the empresses o ... More >>
This weekend, Chow Bella dropped in at one of the coolest ice cream shops around town, Churn. Between its fun and funky décor, old-school candies, and one-of-a-kind flavors, this artisan ice cream parlor has got all the makings of a great summer dessert destination. Check out the photos as Churn' ... More >>
Ever since Italy and France began making iced and flavored confections made from milk or cream in the 17th century, ice cream has become one of the most successfully cool, dairy-based treats on the planet. Not sorbet, ices, or gelato (we promise those lists will come later), here are 11 of our favor ... More >>
The Mill Avenue area surely must be approaching a critical mass of frozen dessert purveyors. As of a couple of weeks ago, on the short quarter-mile strip there are now six shops exclusively offering chilly sweets. Of the six, half of them offer hand-scooped ice cream sandwiched between fresh ... More >>
If you don't know about Jeni's Splendid Ice Creams, the popular "cow to cone" artisan ice cream from Jeni Britton Bauer, or just wondered when the heck the Columbus-based company was going to make their way into Arizona so you could stop ordering online already, read on, you're going to like this. ... More >>
The cardiovascular system of the Valley's locally-produced food world recently experienced an increase in heart rate when Shannon Dufresne, owner of Crave Artisan Ice Cream, announced she was calling it quits. "My decision is by choice, not circumstance," Dufresne tells me. "After three years of on ... More >>
Good Time from Jeni's Splendid Ice Creams on Vimeo. There are no secrets to ice cream making at home. Classic ice cream recipes begin with a cooked custard base of milk or cream, or a combination of the two, egg yolks and sugar. Temper the eggs with the hot milk or cream, cool the mixture, pour int ... More >>
courtesy of Shannon DufresneYesterday, in Sweet Talk, Shannon Dufresne, chef-owner of Crave Artisan Ice Cream gave us the scoop on her sweet tooth, creating a co-op kitchen, and why cooking from scratch inspires her. Shannon, known as the "ice cream chick" in her culinary program, likes to ... More >>
courtesy of Shannon Dufresne This week Shannon Dufresne, chef-owner of Crave Artisan Ice Cream joined us for Sweet Talk. Over a cup of coffee and a piece of cake, we discovered Shannon has quite a sweet tooth, how she set up her commercial kitchen as a co-op, and why good food is in the deta ... More >>
Julia Zolondz Go Jan and Helen! The ladies of Sweet Republic -- North Scottsdale's charming artisanal ice cream shop, which we awarded "Best Ice Cream" in this year's Best of Phoenix issue -- have gotten their product into Whole Foods in Scottsdale. Over the next week, they'll be stoc ... More >>
The cover of the latest issue of Saveur -- a drool-inducing photo of ribs, in all of their charred, meaty glory -- really got me craving some barbecue. Oh, you want some too? Well lucky us, a brand-new barbecue joint is set to open by the end of this month. Located in Cave Creek's La ... More >>
By Michele Laudig Oh. My. God. I am dying to try the artisan ice creams and sorbets at Sweet Republic, a new Scottsdale sweet shop that opened last week. (Thanks to the Chow Bella reader who emailed me with the great tip!) Owners Jan Wichayanuparp and Helen Yung make their small-batch ice creams ... More >>
By Jonathan McNamara People were lined up out the door and around the block at the corner of Southern and McClintock Wednesday night, but they weren't waiting to get into a rock gig. This lengthy queue was composed of hungry customers wanting to nosh on cheap ice cream courtesy of Baskin Robbins� ... More >>


text:
Must-sees beside the sea
Thriving eclectic cuisines
More than a Stage
At our Tourist Offices
Dublin's grand old hotels
Start planning ahead
It starts here!
The exciting Dublin food scene
Dublin's best cocktail bars
Start planning your visit!
Sightseeing & transport ticket
Helping you discover the city
Visiting on a shoestring?
3 Day for the price of 2 Day P...
15% off
Price : €18.00
Dublin Bus Tour Hop On - Hop Off, 59 Upper O'Connell Street, Dublin 1
Discount of 15% when you book online.
This is your golden ticket. This is how to see Dublin, your way, your time and minus the sore feet. And you won't miss a beat. Along your merry tour, all of Dublin's most loved, talked about and essential attractions will show their face.
From 9am, the tours operate daily. All and any of 24 stops can be yours whenever you like. Hop off for a snoop around Kilmainham Gaol and you're free to hop on again for a visit to Christ Church Cathedral. Hop on-hop off. Easy.
And now Dublin Sightseeing has made it even easier by introducing their new Docklands tour. This tour will showcase the fascinating history of Dublin's Docklands while introducing you to its magnificent architecture. Along the route you can find the famed U2 graffiti wall, Dublin's fascinating famine museum aboard the Jeanie Johnston and much much more . This is a hop on hop off tour that offers witty live commentary only on all places off interest along the route. Just remember your hop on hop off ticket will cover Both routes!
Dust off those wellie boots people – festival season is fast approaching!
Delicious food, from budget bites to Michelin stars
After hours Dublin comes alive in a whole new way. Click here to find out more


text:
13 Ways to Say "I Love You" in a Hot Second
There are a million ways to express those three little words, but these are among the sweetest, most aww-worthy we've ever heard.
By Anna Davies
Get down to the nitty-gritty
Saying "I love you" is one thing. But counting the ways is special. Did he give you the last ice pop? Perform middle-of-the-night diaper duty? Letting him know how much you appreciated it just may make him do it more often.


text:
People are on benefits because its an easy system. Giving up on relationships and taking handout is all too common in this country.
I know of someone getting £500 CSA money from the childs father, taking benefits with no intention of working, child tax credits and child benefit and has the cheek to work casual. This person sits on FB all day, watches daytime tv ,lives in a house that is owned by family members and has the Goverment pick up the tab for the rent (win,win for them all), goes out and has a better social life than most people, buys new clothes galore, pays for diet foods and diet clubs, has a lease car, Iphone5 and has went on 5 holidays in a year of taking handouts whilst acting like the poor single parent that struggles!!!
Fix the CSA so it takes into account what you can afford not based on what you earn, 50-50 equal parenting rights without the mother calling the shots and wasting legal aid and dragging out court time that could be used on other serious matters! And make single parents pay like the fathers do for the kids. Give them food vouchers and clothes vouchers as part of the amount they are awarded and see who wants the free cash then when they're handing them out in full view of a store? System is far too easy. Goverment wake up!!!


text:
Business Development Manager
JOB TITLE: Business Development Manager
SELLING: Bespoke Application Development
SELLING TO: Corporate and Enterprise Companies
LOCATION: London
PACKAGE: Basic: £50K - £75K, OTE £120K + Benefits
- 1000 employees worldwide
- Established over 12 years
- HQ in New York
- Turnover $35m
- Grown organically
- 5 Development Centres Globally
- People orientated business - less than 7% staff attrition
- Business Development Manager
- Sold application development services - ideally near shore, but can be off shore and on site
- Credible at C-level
- Professional
- Able to be new business and account development
- This is a new business focussed role where you will retain any accounts you have win.
- Selling bespoke off shore application development services.
- They have a ground up sell where they will find business problems and use their technical knowledge to create a solution. Don't replace on-site development team - they provide staff augmentation.
- You will receive in house support from market research and cold calling reps but will need to provide guidance on what areas to focus.
- You will be able to sell to any vertical but a focus will be on e-commerce, retail, finance and logistics
- They have multiple case studies in each of these verticals
- Minimum project value is £350k +. May do smaller pilots that have the potential to scale up quickly but this would be the only reason to engage in smaller deals.
- Target will be between £700k - £1m in year revenue which would mean you would need to close 2/3 projects in your first year.
- Business Development Manager
Candidates must be eligible to work and live in the UK.
Please contact Dan Sales on 020 8722 8200 or Please hit the apply button.
Job Type : Permanent
Location : South East England, London, Hertfordshire, Kent, Surrey, Essex, Buckinghamshire, South East, Field Based,
Salary : £50k - £120k pa + Company Benefits
Date Advertised : 22 Feb 2013
Sorry, this position is no longer available.
Don't miss out again. Sign up for Jobs-by-Email and get the latest jobs direct to your inbox.


text:
November 27, 2014
Not long after the Rose Bowl, the Badgers handed out a couple of scholarships to some of their more valuable walk-on's.
Medford's Ethan Hemer was one of them.
Since the 2010 season, the former NewsChannel 7 All-Star has played in all 27 Badger games, starting the last 20 at defensive tackle.
He's firmly entrenched in that starting role as the new season approaches.
Hard to believe he's one of the veterans now, a long way since he redshirted in 2009 as a walk-on.
To comment, the following rules must be followed:
Comments may be monitored for inappropriate content, but the station is under no legal obligation to do so.
If you believe a comment violates the above rules, please use the Flagging Tool to alert a Moderator.
Flagging does not guarantee removal.
Multiple violations may result in account suspension.
Decisions to suspend or unsuspend accounts are made by Station Moderators.
Questions may be sent to email@example.com.
Please provide detailed information.
All comments must adhere to the WSAW.com discussion rules.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Twitter: @ErikLundegaardTweets by @ErikLundegaard
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
Whitey: United States of America v. James J. Bulger
The 100-Year-Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
The Strange Color of Your Bodyĺs Tears
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Did Jeffrey Toobin Let Ted Cruz Lie About Prop 8?
Why Breitbartĺs Big Hollywood Is Wrong About Almost Everything
Rank the Academy Award's Best Pictures: 1927-2013
Mission: Impractical
Why the Impossible Mission Force is bad for America
I used to think that ôMission: Impossible,ö the 1996 Tom Cruise vehicle, was the most subversive movie of the 1990s. I guess I still do.
Let me explain.
As a kid I had been a fan of the original TV series, and the hero, Jim Phelps, played by Peter Graves, who, meaningless sidebar here, went to the same elementary school I did, Burroughs Elementary in Minneapolis, albeit 30 years before me. Gravesĺ brother, James Arness (Marshall Dillon on ôGunsmokeö) went there, too. You donĺt mess with Burroughs boys.
For the 1996 movie they tapped Jon Voight to play Jim Phelps (a little puffy in the face but otherwise OK), and in the beginning he gets his mission on a plane after exchanging code phrases with the flight attendant. ôPerhaps youĺll consider the cinema of the Ukraine,ö she says. As in the show, his team of Impossible Mission Force (IMF) agents is assembled, and, as in the show, the tape self-destructs in five seconds. Good luck, Jim.
Then in Prague everything goes wrong and Jim Phelps dies. Jim Phelps dies. Thatĺs like killing off Mr. Brady 10 minutes into ôThe Brady Bunch Movie.ö Ethan Hunt (Cruise), Phelpsĺ protÚgÚ, is accused of being a mole and is chased all over hell and back, and during the course of these adventures Jim Phelps resurfaces and you breathe a sigh of relief. Only to discover that Jim Phelps is the mole. Youĺre kidding me? Jim Phelps is the traitor? Which means Jim Phelps will self-destruct in five seconds. Bye-bye Jim.
Chickens coming home to roost
Since Hollywood execs grew timid and began making movies out of TV shows, no movie has so screwed with its source material. The hero of the TV show had become the villain of the movie.
That, however, is not the subversive element of ôMission: Impossible.ö The subversive element is felt in the end, when Ethan Hunt, supposedly no longer an IMF agent, is sitting on a plane and the flight attendant starts speaking to him in code Ś ôPerhaps youĺll consider the cinema of...?ö Ś and recognition alights in his eyes. Cue Lalo Schifrin's kick-ass theme music.
Yes, on one level this scene simply opens the door for the sequels. But on another level it makes Hunt the new Phelps. And Phelps betrayed us. Since the movie places Hunt where we first saw Phelps, it doesnĺt take much of a leap in logic to realize that one day Hunt will betray us, too, and heĺll have to be chased and killed by his protÚgÚ, who will replace him. And on and on, world without end.
Watching the credits roll back in 1996 I thought, ôWow, what a cynical end!ö Except nobody felt what I felt. ôDude, itĺs just an action movie,ö is basically the response I got.
Now having watched the first two ôMission: Impossibleö movies again in anticipation of the third, I have to say theyĺre right. The ending to ôMission: Impossibleö doesnĺt say something cynical about the spy game. The entire series says something cynical about the spy game. Because the main message of the ôM:Iö movies is this: We need IMF agents to protect us...from IMF agents.
Target one: Jim Phelps
Who was Jim Phelps? A cranky old spy, pissed off that the never-ending Cold War had ended. Not visionary enough to foresee the never-ending War on Terror just around the corner, and feeling like an outmoded piece of technology that wasnĺt worth upgrading, he decided to 1) kill all the agents on his team and 2) sell a list of every American agent (the NOC list) to Americaĺs enemies for a Dr. Evil-like sum of six MILLION dollars.
Was he smart? Not particularly. Besides the money thing, he didnĺt kill one of his agents (Hunt) and he left a paper trail in the form of a Gideon Bible. One could argue he left Hunt alive to serve as scapegoat but thatĺs assuming Phelps knew the agency was attempting to flush the mole; and if thatĺs true he wouldĺve known the NOC list was bogus. Which he didnĺt. So why leave Hunt alive?
Maybe Ś and this is just a guess Ś but maybe he left Hunt alive because he knew Hunt was a hothead who would grasp at any straw floating by. Example: In order to prove heĺs not a thief and a traitor, Hunt becomes a thief and a traitor. Not the cool, level-headed thinking we want from our spies.
Target two: Ethan Hunt
First Hunt poses as Job (Phelps) to hook up with Max, the arms dealer (Vanessa Redgrave), and in the process warns Max that that floppy disk with the NOC list on it? Itĺs a fake and probably has a homing device attached Ś thus allowing Max to escape from IMF hands. Good company man.
Then, in order to ensure the NOC list doesnĺt wind up in the hands of Americaĺs enemies, he acrobatically steals it from Langley and sells it to Americaĺs enemies. Max is seconds away from transmitting the list (to al Qaeda?) when the TGV goes into the Chunnel and cuts off communication.
All of this to flush a cranky old spy. Not smart.
So how does IMF deal with a hothead who continually risks Americaĺs safety in order to satisfy his personal vendettas? They reinstate him and make him a team leader. I feel safer already.
Target three: Sean Ambrose
So whoĺs the big bad villain of the first sequel? Another IMF agent, of course, and this one makes Jim Phelps look like a piker. Phelps was Huntĺs mentor; Sean Ambrose (Dougray Scott) is Huntĺs double. Phelps was after millions; Ambrose is after billions. Phelps was willing to compromise every American agent; Ambrose is willing to compromise every human being on the planet. Seriously, IMF has to rethink its recruitment strategy.
Remember the plot? A super-influenza (codename: Chimera) and its cure are created, and a pharmaceutical company wants to unleash the influenza in order to make money off the cure. A scientist with a conscience tries to come in from the cold, but heĺll only trust Hunt, who is on vacation (trying to kill himself through rock climbing), so IMF sends an agent (Ambrose) disguised as Hunt to accompany him to the states. But Ambrose is like the pharmaceutical company, without conscience, and he steals the vaccine and parachutes out with his team of undesirables, leaving the passenger plane to fly, like a precursor to 9/11, into a mountainside. Are IMF agents on the no-fly list? They should be.
OK, youĺre IMF. Thereĺs a dangerous man loose in the world. How do you find him? BTW: This is no longer a test.
IMF does it by tapping Hunt to recruit a jewel thief, who goes by the tongue-protruding name of Nyah, and is played by the tongue-protrudingly beautiful Thandie Newton. Sheĺs Ambroseĺs ex, and Ambrose is still smitten. (An IMF agent and a jewel thief? Shouldnĺt they have been suspicious of him then?) If Ambrose hears sheĺs in prison heĺll have her sprung and brought to his hideout, and sheĺs got a tracking device injected into her elegant ankle.
Of course IMF doesnĺt tell Hunt this, and of course Hunt and Nyah fall in love after a day of knocking cars and boots in the Spanish mountainside. Seems odd for two glib, shallow people to fall in love so quickly but just consider it more thievery: Itĺs the plot of Hitchcockĺs ôNotorious.ö
Questions inevitably arise. Why did IMF need Hunt to recruit Nyah? Couldnĺt they have imprisoned (and tracked) her without her knowledge? And once they found Ambroseĺs hideout Ś an isolated coastal mansion in Australia Ś why not bomb it back to the stone age? And why leave Hunt in charge of the mission since 1) heĺs the one agent Ambrose knows better than himself, and 2) heĺs emotionally compromised? Whoĺs in charge of IMF anyway Ś Michael Chertoff?
But at least IMF found their most-wanted man, which is more than weĺve done with ours. Maybe we shouldĺve sent Thandie Newton to Tora Bora.
Target four: ???
So somehow weĺve made it all the way to ôM:I3,ö which is good news because itĺs a fun movie, the best of the series. It restores a sense of teamwork to the Impossible Mission Force, it includes literary references (ôWells, not Ellisonö), and it gets rid of that awful, floppy Hong Kong hipster haircut Ethan Hunt sported in the last film.
But Ś without giving too much away Ś while the main villain, Owen Davian, played by Philip Seymour Hoffman, is a global arms dealer, willing to sell horribly destructive technology to the highest (Mid-East) bidder, he is only able to do what he does with help from someone within a certain government spy agency. The rationale for the latest IMF mole is fairly unique Ś one might even call it neo-conservative Ś but it doesnĺt make it any less traitorous. Which is why Iĺm urging Congress to look into IMF. Call a bi-partisan commission. Get Richard Ben-Veniste on the line. Three movies and three traitors is enough.
Back in 1996 we might have been able to afford a self-generating government agency Ś one that ensures its own funding by creating the villains itĺs designed to catch Ś but these are more perilous times, in which ôMission Accomplishedö banners turn into ôMission: Impossibleö banners in the blink of an eye, and we need a little accountability. Yes, we all could use a little accountability.
ŚErik Lundegaard misses Lynda Day George. This piece was originally published on MSNBC.com.


text:
This chapter was a good chapter. Though there wasn't too much development in the story, we were left with a few things.
1. The mystery man still remains a mystery while Sasuke is fighting for dear life.
2. It's going to be a team battle between Sage of Six Paths Madara and Black Zetsu/Obito vs. Gaara, Kakashi, and possibly Minato and Sakura.
3. Sage of Six Paths Madara dropped off the gourd that Ginkaku and Kinkaku are placed inside of and out of all people for it to be dropped off to, it would be TenTen, Gai, and Lee.
As far as a prediction is concerned, this is my synopsis.
I believe that the person that is indeed inside of Spiral Zetsu is Yamato which has been stated on here many times. I believe that Yamato may have been in on this whole thing the entire time due to the fact that he used to work under Danzo for crying out loud who also knew somewhat about the agenda.
Somehow Naruto is going to get the remaining chakra of Kurama from the gourd that SO6P Madara dropped off to TenTen.
Yin Kurama has already built trust with Naruto therefore he will fight against Black Zetsu/Obito. Obito will more than likely take control of his own body again (due to the fact that he is just as hot headed as Naruto, his will of fire won't be burned out so easily).
Team Taka will make it to where Sasuke is and find the mysterious person their who may not be there to kill Sasuke but to aid Sasuke in awakening his Rinnegan.


text:
Loading product details ...
Reviews (0)
Need Help?
Product Description:
Women's ROAD RUNNER SPORTS LUCKY STRIPED BEANIE :: Top off your fall and winter runs right with the warmth and style of the Women's Road Runner Sports Lucky Striped Beanie. You'll lock in cozy heat from the merino wool blend material, and you'll love the feel of the close-to-your-head form fit. Plus, you're sure to score extra style points with the striped design featured on this fun beanie.
You're in luck! Black Friday & Cyber Monday Top Pick - 2014!This item has been picked as a 2014 Black Friday & Cyber Monday Top Product!
Features & Benefits:
Your Help Is Here
Shop with confidence knowing your team of Fit Experts is waiting to answer all your questions. You can always find your perfect product and your perfect fit. Your Road Runner Sports Fit Experts will make sure you get exactly what you want and have tons of fun in the process! Give us a call, chat, or email!
Call 800-743-3206 to
Send us an email and count on a Fit Expert to reply to you as quickly as possible
You May Also Like
More Related Products
Women's ROAD RUNNER SPORTS SET THE STAGE REVERSIBLE BEANIE :: Soak up the added warmth and plush feel of the ...
Women's NIKE® RUN COLD WEATHER BEANIE :: Get toasty warm coverage and a super cute look with the Women's Nike® ...
Women's ROAD RUNNER SPORTS PURE PLUSH BEANIE :: Put a lid on those chilly fall days with the soft comfort ...


text:
November 24, 2014
Stay up-to-date with KAKE News:
April 18, 2012
For the eighth time this post-season and third time in this series, Texas scored first when Adam Hogg jumped on a turnover and made it 1-0 at 6:34 of the second. The Brahmas took a 2-0 lead at 11:30 as Andrew Lackner caught a pass on the backdoor and beat Adam Russo. At 17:20, Mike Hellyer added to the lead with a backhand from the left face-off circle to make it 3-0.
The Thunder tried to climb back into the game as Kevin Young (3) got the Thunder on the board at 2:32 of the third period to cut the lead to 3-1. RG Flath (8) then made it 3-2 as he came into the Brahmas end and put a wrist shot past Brahmas starter Brad Fogal at 15:33. Wichita had plenty of chances down the stretch and pulled its goaltender with just over a minute to go, but was unable to find the back of the net and the Brahmas hung on for a 3-2 win.
Thomas Beauregard added two assists and extended his point-scoring streak in the playoffs to six games.
Wichita is 11-9 in Game Three of a series all-time. Wichita went 0-for-4 with the power play and Texas was 0-for-1.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
Huxley Associates
Huxley Associates Jobs & Careers in London, England
Systems / Application Support - Banking - 40-50K
Huxley Associates – London, England
They are ideally looking for someone who can grow into the role, someone for example from a systems/IT Support background with a couple of years… CV-Library.co.uk
IT Trade Support / Desktop Support Analyst - Investment Bank
Huxley Associates – London, England
A growing global investment bank is looking to hire a Trade / Desktop Support Analyst to join their IT operations team that support the banks front… CV-Library.co.uk
SQL System Analyst
Huxley Associates – London, England
-Analysts that are passionate and want to grow their career further across SQL, C# and supporting Databases. -Technical Support and Service delivery… CV-Library.co.uk
Online/Web Marketing Manager
Huxley Associates – London, England
Work closely with stakeholders to gather requirements, translate into business needs for technical execution for website related projects. Looking… CV-Library.co.uk
FX Customer Support Analyst (Italian or Spanish Speaking)
Huxley Associates – City of London, England
A leading global financial organisation is looking to hire an entry level Foreign Exchange (FX) Customer Support Analyst to support a range of… CV-Library.co.uk
FIX Support specialist
Huxley Associates – London, England
The company is currently growing at a rapid rate, this makes it an ideal time to join the team as the opportunities for career development will be… CV-Library.co.uk
Sales Manager - Metals Trading Solutions
Huxley Associates – London, England
In a highly competitive market, this is an opportunity to work for a market leader in technology solutions, working with increasingly diverse energy… experteer.co.uk
Sales Manager-Specialist Midstream Consultancy
Huxley Associates – London, England
They currently work with majors within the Oil, LPG, LNG and Chemicals space, and aim to penetrate these markets even further by utilising your… experteer.co.uk
VP Business Risk Auditor - ACA
Huxley Associates – London, England
A global oil and gas firm are currently offering the opportunity for a risk and audit professional to accelerate their career in a forward thinking… experteer.co.uk
OTC Derivatives trade life cycle Business Analyst
Huxley – London, England
This is a permanent role, based in Canary Wharf. Salary is AVP to VP level We are also looking for a Senior Project Manager within the… Adzuna
Huxley Associates Photos
Huxley Associates Reviews
"Rewarding "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Huxley Associates full-time (more than 3 years)Pros
Good Incentives
Good Training
Good People
An experience...Cons
Very long hours
Too Aggressive at timesAdvice to ManagementAdvice
Be more accommodatingRecommendsPositive OutlookApproves of CEO


text:
A group that wants to bring Grand Prix auto racing to Fort Lauderdale's beachfront plans to ask Broward County commissioners Tuesday for bed-tax money to help market what's billed as a mega-tourism event.
County Mayor John Rodstrom said he backs plans for the race to be held yearly in October or November, months typically slow for tourism. And he's upbeat that bed-tax funds would be replenished, as tourists flood into hotels for what's expected to be the final leg of the popular IndyCar circuit.


text:
A quick guide to provisional liquidation
A quick guide on the corporate insolvency procedure of provisional liquidation
This article is available for registered users only
Want to keep reading? Register for free unlimited access this week only
Click the button below and complete the registration form to gain access to all the latest news, articles and images.
Already registered?
If you are registered for newsletters you can already access stories for FREE, enter your details here


text:
How Can I Overcome My Fear of Missing Out?
Dear Lifehacker,
I have a hard time turning down social events and other opportunities because I'm afraid I'll miss something important or feel left out. I also can't stop checking my phone and social media feeds just in case something awesome is happening. What can I do to get over this? »


text:
- freely available
- re-usable
Water 2014, 6(6), 1642-1661; doi:10.3390/w6061642
Published: 3 June 2014
Abstract: Accurate simulations of river stages during typhoon events are critically important for flood control and are necessary for disaster prevention and water resources management in Taiwan. This study applies two artificial neural network (ANN) models, including the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and genetic algorithm neural network (GANN) techniques, to improve predictions from a one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model regarding the water stages during typhoon events in the Danshuei River system in northern Taiwan. The hydrodynamic model is driven by freshwater discharges at the upstream boundary conditions and by the water levels at the downstream boundary condition. The model provides a sound physical basis for simulating water stages along the river. The simulated results of the hydrodynamic model show that the model cannot reproduce the water stages at different stations during typhoon events for the model calibration and verification phases. The BPNN and GANN models can improve the simulated water stages compared with the performance of the hydrodynamic model. The GANN model satisfactorily predicts water stages during the training and verification phases and exhibits the lowest values of mean absolute error, root-mean-square error and peak error compared with the simulated results at different stations using the hydrodynamic model and the BPNN model. Comparison of the simulated results shows that the GANN model can be successfully applied to predict the water stages of the Danshuei River system during typhoon events.
1. Introduction
Accurate predictions of water stages during high flow periods are critically important for water resources management and flood control operations. Water stage forecasting in a river with tidal effects is among the most important outstanding problems of flood management. It is never an easy task, because to develop a hydrodynamic model, the behavior of the physical processes must be known. Flow conditions in a river with tidal effects are rarely steady or uniform. Hydrodynamic models provide a physical basis for modeling and have the capability to simulate a wide range of flow conditions. Several researchers have developed flood routing hydrodynamic models based on either the one-dimensional dynamic wave equation or the diffusive wave equation. With these approaches, researchers consider the floodplain section of the one-dimensional river channel. Examples of these formulations are given by [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The one-dimensional model can be used to calculate water stages and flow hydrographs, and it is also computationally more efficient than the two-dimensional and three-dimensional models. However, these hydrodynamic models require accurate river geometry data, which may not be available at the desired locations of the rivers. A major disadvantage of using the models is that the parameters are often difficult to determine from the observed data. Because of their impracticality and complexity, extensive experience is necessary to operate and apply these sophisticated hydrodynamic models.
Because of the existing difficulties and challenges in the prediction of water stages using the flood routing hydrodynamic model, a relatively novel computational approach, artificial neural networks (ANNs), which has found wide acceptance in many disciplines, provides an alternative method for one-step-ahead understanding and management of hydrological processes. ANNs are well-suited for this application, because of their informative processing characteristics, such as nonlinearity, parallelism, noise tolerance and learning and generalization capabilities [10,11]. During the last decade, the ANN approach had been widely used for forecasting river flow and stage with greater accuracy. Most studies have shown that if ANN models are trained with a large number of appropriate input data sets, they can yield promising results. Recently, ANNs have been successfully applied in modeling rainfall runoff processes and stream flow [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27], as well as predicting the water level in river systems [28,29,30,31,32]. However, few studies have focused on the comparison of ANN models with physically-based models [33]. Demirel et al. [34] have used SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) and ANN models to forecast flow in the Pracana basin, Portugal, and have found that the ANN model is better than the physically-based model in predicting peak flow values. Panda et al. [35] have simulated river stages in the Mahanadi River delta, India, using ANN and the MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model. They found that the performance of the ANN model is better than the MIKE 11 model during the training and testing phases. Chen et al. [36] has compared the ANN model with two-dimensional and three-dimensional hydrodynamic models for simulating estuary water stages. They have found that the ANN approach was more accurate than the two-dimensional and three-dimensional models, because the hydrodynamic models cannot capture the estuary water stage during extreme high flow periods.
In this study, a one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the water stages in the Danshuei River system in northern Taiwan during typhoon events. Two artificial neural network models were subsequently adopted to improve the calculations of the flood routing hydrodynamic model. Three quantitative statistical measures, i.e., the mean absolute error, root-mean-square error and peak error, were used to evaluate the prediction of water stages during the seven typhoon events using a flood routing hydrodynamic model and two ANN models, including the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and hybrid artificial neural network genetic algorithm (GANN) techniques.
2. Description of the Study Site
The Danshuei River is located in northern Taiwan (Figure 1). It has three major tributaries, the Dahan River, the Xindian River and the Keelung River. The Jingme River and the Taliaokengchi Drainage are tributaries of the Xindia River and the Dahan River, respectively. The corresponding watershed services an area inhabited by more than six million people [37]. The Erchung flood diversion channel, built near the confluence of the Danha River and the Xindian River in 1984, has been used to divert flood flows in the past. The area of the Danshuei watershed is 2726 km2, and the mean annual precipitation is 3001 mm. The total channel length is 327.6 km, and the channel slope ranges from 0.015 to 0.0027. The peak discharges of a 200-year flood are 235.00 m3/s, 103.00 m3/s and 2700 m3/s for the Dahan Stream, the Xindian River and the Keelung River, respectively. The annual mean freshwater discharges at the upstream tidal limits of the Dahan River, the Xindian River and the Keelung River are 62.1 m3/s, 72.7 m3/s and 26.1 m3/s, respectively. The mean tide at the Danshuei River mouth is 2.21 m above the mean sea level. The downstream reaches of all three tributaries are affected by tides [38].
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Flood Routing Hydrodynamic Model
3.1.1. Governing Equations
The flood routing hydrodynamic model is based on the dynamic wave theory of the Saint-Venant equations, which consist of the one-dimensional continuity and momentum equations:
The continuity and momentum equations can be solved numerically, given the initial and boundary conditions. There are three conventional numerical approaches, including finite difference, finite element and finite volume methods used to solve one-dimensional continuity and momentum equations. Of the various implicit schemes that have been developed, the "four-point" schemes appear most advantageous, since they can readily be used with unequal distance intervals. Therefore, a four-point implicit finite-difference approximation scheme was used in this study [39,40]. The detailed solutions of the flood routing hydrodynamic model can be found in Hsu et al. [41].
3.1.2. Model Setup
In this study, the model transects were established consistent with the measured cross-sectional profiles at intervals of approximately 0.5 km along the river. The theoretical model transects include 310 transects that cover 11 river reaches (shown in Table 1). The observed data at the upstream and downstream boundary conditions were used to drive the model simulation. The upstream boundaries are specified at the Fu-Zhou Bridge (Dahan River), the Quan-Zean Bridge (Tailiaokengchi Drainage, a tributary of the Dahan River), the Xiu-Lang Bridge (Xindian River), the Bao Bridge (Jingme River, a tributary of the Xindian River) and Jie-Shou (Keelung River). The downstream boundary is at the mouth of the Danshuei River. The upstream and downstream boundaries are shown in Figure 1. The boundary conditions for the dynamic flood routing model at the upstream reaches are the observed hourly discharges, and the observed hourly tide stages are specified at the river mouth (Figure 2). Because the upstream boundaries have been specified with the observed discharges, the rainfall-runoff model to compute runoff discharges did not include the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model.
|Table 1. Cross-sectional number of river reaches and Manning friction factor, n, used in the computational domain.
|River Reach Number
|Number of cross-section
|Manning friction n
|River Reach Number
|Number of cross-section
|Manning friction n
Note: the unit of manning friction n is m1∕3 / s.
3.2. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models
In the present study, two ANN models, including BPNN and GANN, were introduced. The algorithms for these two ANN models are described below.
3.2.1. Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN)
A back propagation neural network (BPNN) was used to amend the simulated water stage results with the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model to achieve more accurate predictions. The BPNN proposed by Rumelhart et al. [42] is a multiple layer network with nonlinear differentiable transfer functions, including an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. Each layer contains a number of neurons. Each neuron receives inputs from neurons in the previous layers or external inputs and converts the input either to an output signal or to another input signal to be used by neurons in the next layers. Connections between neurons in successive layers are assigned weights, which represent the importance of that connection in the network. First, the neurons execute a weighted summation of all inputs and further assess the weighted sum by an activation function, f:
In a recent study, Zadeh et al. [43] showed that the tangent sigmoid activation function performed better than the logistic sigmoid activation function in daily outflow prediction when the data was randomly selected. Yonaba et al. [44] endorsed the tangent sigmoid as the most pertinent transfer function for streamflow forecasting, over the bipolar (logistic) and Elliott sigmoids. These two studies indicated the importance of appropriate activation function. The advantage of a tangent sigmoid is proven to be a suitable transfer function, while the disadvantage is that this transfer function needs more computing time. Therefore, a hyperbolic tangential sigmoid transfer function in Equation (4) is used in the hidden layer.
A linear transfer function in Equation (5) is applied in the output layer.
To scale the inputs and the targets, the normalized equation, Equation (6), is often used, forcing the data to fall within a specified range.
The process of training a neural network involves tuning the values of the weights and biases of the network to optimize network performance. Training of the ANN includes minimizing the cost function, C:
The back-propagation method was adopted in the ANN training, utilizing the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm [45], which seeks to optimize the network parameters and utilizes a non-linear least squares error minimization technique. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm combines the ability of the gradient descent method to converge from the starting location, which may be outside the zone of convergence for the Gauss–Newton method, and the speed of the Gauss–Newton method to converge to the solution once the approximate location of the solution has been reached by the gradient descent method. The artificial neural network model was implemented in MATLAB, in which the Levenberg–Marquardt technique is available in the Neural Network Toolbox.
3.2.2. Hybrid Neural Networks and the Genetic Algorithm
ANN training methods provide a non-linear mapping between inputs and outputs and are extremely useful in recognizing patterns in complex data. Methods, such as back-propagation (BP), have been improved with the genetic algorithm technique (GA). The training starts with GA, which executes a global search on the net weight range, refining an initial random set of weights to yield a better value, most likely closer to the global optimum. The BP algorithm then progresses the training, refining the solution provided by GA to approach the optimal solution.
The development of GA was inspired by the basic concepts of Darwinian evolution. It is a heuristic method for solving computationally difficult problems [46]. GA has an advantage over many traditional heuristic methods when search spaces are high modal, discontinuous or constrained. It is the most popular form of evolutionary algorithm used in the diverse field of optimization problems [47]. The algorithm initializes with a population of solutions, known as chromosomes, and transforms itself by three genetic operators, selection, crossover and mutation, to obtain a better solution for the problem after each generation. A fitness function is used to assess the probability of acceptance of individual chromosomes in the next generation. Based on individual fitness values, some chromosomes are selected by elitism and some are selected for the crossover operation. Chromosomes selected for the crossover operation are called the parent solution. After crossover, a set of parents produces two children solutions. The mutation operation introduces random changes in the structure of the population. After performing three genetic operations, fitness values are calculated, and the worst solutions are eliminated from the population, which helps to maintain a constant population size. This one cycle of operation is known as a generation. The population of chromosomes obtained after one generation is the starting solution for the next generation.
In the present study, the fitness values of all these chromosomes were evaluated using the fitness function. Some of the chromosomes were selected by elitism. The probabilistic-selection criterion was applied for selecting chromosomes for the crossover and mutation operation. Some poorly fitted chromosomes were eliminated from the chromosome solution to maintain the population size constant. The initial population size was 50; after each generation, poor solutions were eliminated to maintain a population size. This genetic operation was performed until it reached the maximum generation value. After reaching maximum generation, the model provided a set of final solution. The chromosome corresponding to the minimum error value is the best solution for the model.
The flow chart in Figure 3 shows the proposed method for this study.
3.2.3. Indices of Simulation Performance
To evaluate the performance of the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model and the ANN models, three different criteria were considered to compare the predicted results with the observed data, mean absolute error (MAE), root-mean-square error (RMSE) and peak error (PE), based on the following equations:
4. Results
Seven data sets were used to evaluate the practical accuracy of the models and to ascertain the predictive capability of the models. Five typhoon events, Typhoon Aere (2004), Typhoon Haima (2004), Typhoon Nockten (2005), Typhoon Matsa (2005) and Typhoon Sepat (2007) (673 hourly water stage data), were used for the flood routing hydrodynamic model calibration (and ANN model training), and two typhoon events, Typhoon Fungwong (2008) and Typhoon Morakot (2009) (371 hourly water stage data), were used for flood routing hydrodynamic model verification (and ANN model verification). The calibration and verification events are independent and are not related to each other.
4.1. Flood Routing Hydrodynamic Model Calibration and ANN Model Training
The terminology for model comparisons, i.e., the calibration and verification with the flood routing hydrodynamic model, is used as an analog for the training and verification phases with the ANN model (both BPNN and GANN approaches). The friction coefficient (n) is an important parameter that impacts water stage calculations in the Danshuei River system during floods. The coefficients were tuned in the hydrodynamic model to match the observed water stages at different gauge stations, including the Taipei Bridge, Ru-Kou-Yan, the Chung-Cheng Bridge and the Da-Zhi Bridge.
Figure 4 presents the prediction of the water stage at the Ru-Kou-Yan station by the hydrodynamic model calibration for five typhoon events. The model fails to predict the peak water stage during the high flow period. Table 2 shows the MAE, RMSE and PE for the model calibration at four stations. The maximum MAE, RMSE and PE values for Ru-Kou-Yan are 0.29 m, 0.36 m and 10.87%, respectively. The Manning friction coefficient (n) used in the model is shown in Table 1. A high Manning friction coefficient (n = 0.09) is used at the upstream reaches of the Keelung River, because the channel is composed of large stones [41].
|Table 2. The performance of the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model, the BPNN model and the GANN model with respect to predicting water stage during the calibration (training) phase at four stations.
|Taipei Bridge
|Chung-Cheng Bridge
|Da-Zhi Bridge
|MAE (m)
|RMSE (m)
|MAE (m)
|RMSE (m)
|MAE (m)
|RMSE (m)
|MAE (m)
|RMSE (m)
|Calibration with one-dimensional hydrodynamic model
|Training with BPNN model
|Training with GANN model
Notes: MAE, mean solute error; RMSE, root mean square error; PE, peak error.
Because of the poor accuracy in simulating the water stage using the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model, ANN models, including BPNN and GANN, were employed to improve the water stage calculations. The BPNN structure for predicting water stage is shown in Figure 5. The input layer includes the water stage simulated by the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model; the upstream discharges of the Taliaokengchi Drainage, the Dahan River, the Xindian River, the Jingme River and the Keelung River; and the water stage at the Danshuei River outlet. The output is the predicted water stage at the gauge stations.
Figure 6a shows the influence of hidden nodes on the RMSE for the BPNN training and the verification phases at the Ru-Kou-Yan station. To obtain the optimal number of nodes in the hidden layer, 14 hidden nodes were chosen during the training and verification phases. Wang et al. [48] identified the optimal number of nodes of the hidden layer using a trial and error procedure by varying the number of hidden nodes. Their study revealed that RMSE values decreased as the number of hidden nodes increased for the training phase, while RMSE values increased as the number of hidden nodes increased for the testing phase. In our case, the RMSE values increase a little as the number of hidden nodes increases for both training and verification phases (Figure 6a). This may be the reason for the different data characteristics, resulting in different results.
Figure 6b shows the relation between the mean square error (MSE) and the number of iterations for Ru-Kou-Yan station. The MSE did not change significantly when the number of iterations exceeded 2300. Therefore, 2500 iterations were adopted for BPNN training and verification. Chen et al. [49] explored an artificial neural network (ANN) model, including the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithms used to correct poor calculations with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model in predicting storm surge height during typhoon events. They found that mean square error decreased with the increasing number of iterations. Similar patterns were also reported by Glose et al. [50]. Table 3 lists the parameters used in the BPNN model.
The prediction of the water stage at the Ru-Kou-Yan station by the BPNN model training for the five typhoon events is also shown in Figure 4. The performance evaluation using the BPNN model for predicting the water stage during the training phase is shown in Table 2. The results show that the BPNN model improves the prediction of the water stage, because the MAE, RMSE and PE using the BPNN model are lower than with the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model. The maximum values of the MAE, RMSE and PE are 0.19 m and 0.26 m, at the Chung-Cheng Bridge, and 5.41%, at the Da-Zhi Bridge, respectively.
|Table 3. The parameters used in the BPNN model.
|Taipei Bridge
|Chung-Cheng Bridge
|Da-Zhi Bridge
|Input nodes
|Hidden nodes
|Output nodes
|Learning rate
Figure 4 also shows the simulated water stage at the Ru-Kou-Yan station using the GANN model training for the five typhoon events. Table 2 also presents the statistical errors of performance for predicting the water stages at different stations with the GANN model. Based on the simulated results, the configuration of the GA to predict water stages is listed in Table 4 and includes the population size, maximum generation number, crossover probability and mutation probability. These values were defined as a default after several GA studies performed by the researchers with different applications [51,52].
|Table 4. The configuration of the GA.
|Taipei Bridge
|Chung-Cheng Bridge
|Da-Zhi Bridge
|Population size
|Maximum generation
|Crossover probability
|Mutation probability
The results in Figure 4 and Table 2 show that the prediction of the water stage with the GANN model is better than with either the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model or the BPNN model. The maximum MAE, RMSE and PE values for the GANN training phase are 0.14 m and 0.19 m, at Chung-Cheng Bridge, and 4.19%, at Ru-Kou-Yan station, respectively. The scatter plot of simulated and observed water stages using the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model, the BPNN model and the GANN model for five typhoons and four gauge stations is shown in Figure 7. A comparison of the results shows that the GANN technique is successful in predicting the water stage.
4.2. Flood Routing Hydrodynamic Model Verification and ANN Model Verification
The results in Figure 4 and Table 2 show that the prediction of water stage with the GANN model is better than with either the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model or the BPNN model. The maximum MAE, RMSE and PE values for the GANN training phase are 0.14 m and 0.19 m, at Chung-Cheng Bridge, and 4.19%, at Ru-Kou-Yan station, respectively. The scatter plot of simulated and observed water stages using the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model, the BPNN model and the GANN model for five typhoons and four gauge stations is shown in Figure 7. A comparison of the results shows that the GANN technique is successful in predicting the water stage.
The verification results with the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model for simulating the water stages at Taipei Bridge for Typhoon Fungwong and Typhoon Morakot are shown in Figure 8. Because of space limitations, only the modeling results at Taipei Bridge are shown. The numerical model fails to simulate the water stages during the peak and low tides for these two typhoon events. Table 5 shows the MAE, RMSE and PE for the model validation. The results indicate that the maximum values of MAE, RMSE and PE are 0.22 m and 0.28 m, at Chung-Cheng Bridge, and 13.12%, at Ru-Kou-Yan station, respectively. The MAE and RMSE values are higher than 0.2 m for these four stations.
|Table 5. The performance of the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model, the BPNN model and the GANN model with respect to predicting the water stage during the verification phase at four stations.
|Taipei Bridge
|Chung-Cheng Bridge
|Da-Zhi Bridge
|MAE (m)
|RMSE (m)
|MAE (m)
|RMSE (m)
|MAE (m)
|RMSE (m)
|MAE (m)
|RMSE (m)
|Verification with one-dimensional hydrodynamic model
|Verification with BPNN model
|Verification with GANN model
Notes: MAE, mean solute error; RMSE, root mean square error; PE, peak error.
Figure 8 also shows the predicted water stage at Taipei Bridge by BPNN for the two typhoons. The BPNN model improves the predicted water stages compared with using the flood routing hydrodynamic model. The MAE, RMSE and PE values at Taipei Bridge, Ru-Kou-Yan, Chung-Cheng Bridge and Da-Zhi Bridge with the BPNN model are lower than with the flood routing hydrodynamic model (see Table 5). Table 5 also shows the maximum MAE, RMSE and PE values are 0.21 m and 0.26 m, at the Da-Zhi Bridge, and 9.89%, at the Taipei Bridge, respectively, for the BPNN verification phase.
Figure 9 also displays the prediction of water stage at Taipei Bridge by the GANN model during the verification phase. The simulated water stage with the GANN model is better than with the flood routing hydrodynamic model and the BPNN model. This indicates that the GANN model improves the prediction of water stages even though the model cannot fully mimic the high tide at Taipei Bridge during Typhoon Morakot. The MAE, RMSE and PE values at the Taipei Bridge, Ru-Kou-Yan, Chung-Cheng Bridge and Da-Zhi Bridge obtained with the GANN model are less than those obtained with the flood routing hydrodynamic model and the BPNN model. The maximum MAE, RMSE and PE values are 0.20 m and 0.24 m and 7.95% at Da-Zhi Bridge, respectively, for the GANN verification phase (Table 5). The scatter plot of the simulated and observed water stages using the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model, the BPNN model and the GANN model for two typhoons and four gauge stations for the verification phase is shown in Figure 9. It shows that the GANN model successfully improves the prediction of the water stage during typhoon events.
5. Discussions
According to the performance of different approaches, one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model and the combination of one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model and two ANN models (i.e., BPNN and GANN), the simulation for verification phase using a one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model requires approximately 10 minutes of CPU time on an Intel Core I5 PC, while the BPNN and GANN models require only 1.5 and 2.7 min, respectively. The one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model simulation time is long compared to the BPNN and GANN models. The ANN approach can predict water stages in a river system, but the black box limitations of the ANN model result in a failure to simulate the internal physical processes of a river system. The disadvantages of the ANN approach include the proneness to overfitting and the empirical nature of model development.
The simulation results also revealed that GANN model was superior to the BPNN model for predicting water stages. This is the reason that BPNN is a type of neural network that can effectively solve non-linear problems, but there are some problems for BP neural network in the training phase, such as getting into a local extreme, and convergence is slow. To overcome these problems and improve the reliability of the network, the effort of the genetic algorithm is combined with BPNN to avoid local minima and to achieve global convergence quickly and correctly [53,54].
The simulation of physical processes is of critical importance to flood control and water resource management in a river system. The one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model is a physically-based model that can be used to predict water stages response to high freshwater discharge into the river during typhoon events. For the ANN model, which is a data-driven technique, predictability could be increased by providing a large number of appropriate input-output data sets during the training and verification phases [35,55,56]. In this study, we provide an alternative approach: the combination of the one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model (i.e., physical-based model) and the ANN model (i.e., black box model) to improve the accuracy of water stage predictions along the river.
6. Conclusions
The water stages in the Danshuei River system during typhoon events were simulated using a one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model. The observed freshwater discharges at the upstream boundaries and downstream boundary conditions at the Danshuei River mouth were used to drive the model simulation. Five typhoon events, Typhoon Aere (2004), Typhoon Haima (2004), Typhoon Nockten (2005), Typhoon Matsa (2005) and Typhoon Sepat (2007), were used for model calibration (training). Two typhoon events, Typhoon Fungwong (2008) and Typhoon Morakot (2009), were used for model verification. To determine the performance of the hydrodynamic model, the BPNN model, and the GANN model, three criteria (i.e., mean absolute error, MAE; root-mean-square error, RMSE; and peak error, PE) were employed to evaluate the model results and the observational data.
The results showed that the flood routing hydrodynamic model cannot satisfactorily mimic the water stages during the typhoon events for the model calibration and verification phases. Therefore, two ANN models, including the BPNN model and the GANN model, were adopted to improve the water stage predictions during typhoon events using the flood routing hydrodynamic model. The simulated results indicate that the performance with the BPNN model and the GANN model is better than with the hydrodynamic model alone. Moreover, the GANN model predicts the water stage well and presents low MAE, RMSE and PE values at Taipei Bridge, Ru-Kou-Yan, Chung-Cheng Bridge and Da-Zhi Bridge compared with the simulated results using the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the BPNN model. This study shows that the GANN technique can be successfully applied to predict water stages in the Danshuei River system during typhoon events.
In the present study, we focus on the water stage prediction instead of forecast during the typhoon events. In a future study, different lead-time forecasts in the water stage can be developed to assist the local authorities with preventing flooding effects prior to typhoon events. The soft computing techniques, such as the combining fuzzy optimal model with genetic programming [47,57], neural network and genetic programming [24,58], support vector machine [59,60,61] and the particle swarm optimization training algorithm for a neural network [29], can also be developed to improve the prediction of water stages along the river system during typhoon events.
This research was conducted with the support of the National Science Council, Taiwan, grant No. 101-2625-M-239-001. This financial support is greatly appreciated. The authors would like to express their appreciation to the 10th River Management Bureau, Water Resources Agency, for providing access to the observational data. The authors would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments.
Author Contributions
Wen-Cheng Liu created ideal, supervised the progress, discussed the results, and wrote paper. Chuan-En Chung executed the models.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Hsu, M.H.; Fu, J.C.; Liu, W.C. Flood routing with real-time stage correction method for flash flood forecasting in the Tanshui River, Taiwan. J. Hydrol. 2003, 283, 267–280, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00274-9.
- Helmio, T. Unsteady 1D flow model of a river with partly vegetated floodplains—Application to the Rhine River. Environ. Model. Softw. 2005, 20, 361–375, doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.02.001.
- Tayefi, V.; Lane, S.N.; Hardy, R.J.; Yu, D. A comparison of one- and two-dimensional approaches to modeling flood inundation over complex upland floodplains. Hydrol. Process. 2007, 21, 3190–3202, doi:10.1002/hyp.6523.
- Patro, S.; Chatterjee, C.; Singh, R.; Raghuwanshi, N.S. Hydrodynamic modeling of a large flood-prone river system in India with limited data. Hydrol. Process. 2009, 23, 2774–2791, doi:10.1002/hyp.7375.
- Liu, W.C.; Chen, W.B.; Hsu, M.H.; Fu, J.C. Dynamic routing modeling for flash flood forecast in river system. Nat. Hazards 2010, 52, 519–537, doi:10.1007/s11069-009-9394-z.
- Malekmohammadi, B.; Zahraie, B.; Kerachian, R. A real-time operation optimization model for flood management in river-reservoir systems. Nat. Hazards 2010, 53, 459–482, doi:10.1007/s11069-009-9442-8.
- Costabile, P.; Macchione, F. Analysis of one-dimensional modeling for flood routing in compound channels. Water Resour. Manag. 2012, 26, 1065–1087, doi:10.1007/s11269-011-9947-2.
- Sanyal, J.; Carbonneua, P.; Densmore, A. Hydraulic routing of extreme floods in a large ungauged river and the estimation of associated uncertainties: A case study of the Damodar River, India. Nat. Hazards 2013, 66, 1153–1177, doi:10.1007/s11069-012-0540-7.
- Saleh, F.; Ducharne, A.; Flipo, N.; Oudin, L.; Ledoux, E. Impact of river bed morphology on discharge and water levels simulated by a 1D Saint-Venant hydraulic model at regional scale. J. Hydrol. 2013, 476, 169–177, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.027.
- Basheer, I.A.; Hajmeer, M. Artificial neural networks—Fundamentals, computing, design, and application. J. Microbiol. Meth. 2000, 43, 3–31, doi:10.1016/S0167-7012(00)00201-3.
- Taromina, R.; Chau, K.W.; Sethi, R. Artificial neural network simulation of hourly groundwater levels in a coastal aquifer system of the Venice lagoon. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intel. 2012, 25, 1670–1676, doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2012.02.009.
- Cheng, C.T.; Chau, K.W.; Sun, Y.G.; Lin, J.Y. Long-term prediction of discharges in Manwan Reservoir using neural network models. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 2005, 3498, 1040–1045, doi:10.1007/11427469_165.
- Chau, K.W.; Wu, C.L.; Li, Y.S. Comparison of several flood forecasting models in Yangtz River. J. Hydrol. Eng. ASCE 2005, 10, 485–491, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2005)10:6(485).
- Chen, W.; Chau, K.W. Intelligent manipulation and calibration of parameters for hydrological models. Int. J. Environ. Pollut. 2006, 28, 432–447, doi:10.1504/IJEP.2006.011221.
- Kisi, O. Streamflow forecasting using different artificial neural network algorithm. J. Hydrol. Eng. ASCE 2007, 12, 532–539, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2007)12:5(532).
- Kisi, O. River flow forecasting and estimation using different artificial neural network techniques. Hydrol. Res. 2008, 39, 27–40, doi:10.2166/nh.2008.026.
- Pramanik, N.; Panda, R.K. Application of neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems for river flow prediction. Hydrol. Sci. J. 2009, 54, 247–260, doi:10.1623/hysj.54.2.247.
- Mukerji, A.; Chatterjee, C.; Raghuwanshi, N.S. Flood forecasting using ANN, neuro-fuzzy, and neuro-GA models. J. Hydrol. Eng. ASCE 2009, 14, 647–652, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000040.
- Wu, C.L.; Chau, K.W. Predicting monthly streamflow using data-driven models coupled with data-preprocessing techniques. Water Resour. Res. 2009, 45, W08432.
- Talei, A.; Chua, L.H.C.; Wong, T.S.W. Evaluation of rainfall and discharges inputs used by Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in rainfall-runoff modeling. J. Hydrol. 2010, 391, 248–262, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.023.
- Machado, F.; Mine, M.; Kaviski, E.; Fill, H. Monthly rainfall-runoff modelling using artificial neural networks. Hydrol. Sci. J. 2011, 56, 349–361, doi:10.1080/02626667.2011.559949.
- Toukourou, M.; Johannet, A.; Dreyfus, G.; Ayral, P.A. Rainfall-runoff modeling of flash floods in the absence of rainfall forecasts: The case of "Cevenol flash floods". Appl. Intell. 2011, 35, 178–189, doi:10.1007/s10489-010-0210-y.
- Wu, C.L.; Chau, K.W. Rainfall-runoff modeling using artificial neural network coupled with singular spectrum analysis. J. Hydrol. 2011, 399, 394–409, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.01.017.
- Kisi, O.; Shiri, J.; Mustafa, T. Modeling rainfall-runoff process using soft computing techniques. Comput. Geosci. 2012, 51, 108–117, doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2012.07.001.
- Sattari, M.T.; Apaydin, H.; Ozturk, F. Flow estimations for the Sohu Stream using artificial neural networks. Environ. Earth Sci. 2012, 66, 2031–2045, doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1428-7.
- De Vos, N.J. Echo state networks as an alternative to traditional artificial neural networks in rainfall-runoff modelling. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2013, 17, 253–267, doi:10.5194/hess-17-253-2013.
- Rezaeianzadeh, M.; Tabari, H.; Yazdi, A.A.; Isik, S.; Kalin, L. Flood flow forecasting using ANN, ANFIS and regression models. Neural. Comput. Applic. 2013, doi:10.1007/s00521-013-1443-6.
- Alvisi, S.; Mascellani, G.; Franchini, M.; Bardossy, A. Water level forecasting through fuzzy logic and artificial neural network approach. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2006, 10, 1–17, doi:10.5194/hess-10-1-2006.
- Chau, K.W. Particle swarm optimization training algorithm for ANNs in stage prediction of Shing Mun River. J. Hydrol. 2006, 329, 363–367, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.025.
- Bustami, R.; Bessaih, N.; Bong, C.; Suhaili, S. Artificial neural network for precipitation and water level predictions of Bedup River. IAENG Int. J. Comput. Sci. 2007, 34, 228–233.
- Sulaiman, M.; El-Shafie, A.; Karim, O.; Basri, H. Improved water level forecasting performance by using optimal steepness coefficients in an artificial neural network. Water Resour. Manag. 2011, 25, 2525–2541, doi:10.1007/s11269-011-9824-z.
- Nguyen, P.K.T.; Chua, L.H.C.; Son, L.H. Flood forecasting in large rivers with data-driven models. Nat. Hazards 2014, 71, 767–784, doi:10.1007/s11069-013-0920-7.
- Moeini, M.H.; Etemad-Shahidi, A.; Chegini, V.; Rahmani, I. Wave data assimilation using a hybrid approach in the Persian Gulf. Ocean. Dynam. 2012, 62, 785–797, doi:10.1007/s10236-012-0529-5.
- Demirel, M.C.; Venancio, A.; Kahya, E. Flow forecast by SWAT model and ANN in Pracana basin, Portugal. Adv. Eng. Softw. 2009, 40, 467–473, doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2008.08.002.
- Panda, R.K.; Pramanik, N.; Bala, B. Simulation of river stage using artificial network and MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model. Comput. Geosci. 2010, 36, 735–745, doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2009.07.012.
- Chen, W.B.; Liu, W.C.; Hsu, M.H. Comparison of ANN approach with 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models for simulating estuary water stage. Adv. Eng. Softw. 2012, 45, 69–79, doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.09.018.
- Liu, W.C.; Chen, W.B.; Hsu, M.H. The influence of discharge reductions on salt water intrusion and residual circulation in Danshuei River. J. Mar. Sci. Technol. 2011, 19, 596–606.
- Hsu, M.H.; Kuo, A.Y.; Kuo, J.T.; Liu, W.C. Procedure to calibrate and verify numerical models of estuarine hydrodynamics. J. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE 1999, 125, 166–182, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:2(166).
- Preissman, A. Propagation of Translatory Waves in Channels and Rivers. In Proceedings of the First Congress of French Association for Computation, Grenoble, France, 1961; pp. 433–442.
- Amein, M.; Fang, C.S. Implicit flood routing in natural channel. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 1970, 96, 2481–2500.
- Hsu, M.H.; Fu, J.C.; Liu, W.C. Dynamic routing model with real-time roughness updating for flood forecasting. J. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE 2006, 132, 605–619, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:6(605).
- Rumelhart, D.E.; Hinton, G.E.; Williams, R.J. Learning representations by back-propagating errors. Nature 1986, 323, 533–536, doi:10.1038/323533a0.
- Zadeh, R.M.; Amin, S.; Khalili, D.; Singh, V.P. Daily outflow prediction by multi layer perceptron with logistic sigmoid and tangent sigmoid activation functions. Water Resour. Manag. 2010, 24, 2673–2688, doi:10.1007/s11269-009-9573-4.
- Yonaba, H.; Anctil, F.; Fortin, V. Comparing sigmoid transfer functions for neural network multistep ahead streamflow forecasting. J. Hydrol. Eng. ASCE 2010, 15, 275–283, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000188.
- Hagan, M.T.; Menhaj, M. Training feedforward networks with the Marquardt algorithm. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 1994, 5, 989–993, doi:10.1109/72.329697.
- Zhu, H.; Jiao, L.; Pan, J. Multi-population genetic algorithm for feature selection. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 2006, 422, 480–487.
- Kisi, O.; Cengiz, T.M. Fuzzy genetic approach for estimating reference evapotranspiration of Turkey: Mediterranean region. Water Resour. Manag. 2013, 27, 3541–3553, doi:10.1007/s11269-013-0363-7.
- Wang, W.C.; Chau, K.W.; Cheng, C.T.; Qiu, L. A comparison of performance of several artificial intelligence methods for predicting monthly discharge time series. J. Hydrol. 2009, 374, 294–306, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.019.
- Chen, W.B.; Liu, W.C.; Hsu, M.H. Predicting typhoon-induced storm surge tide with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and artificial neural network model. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2012, 12, 3799–3809, doi:10.5194/nhess-12-3799-2012.
- Ghose, D.K.; Panda, S.S.; Swain, P.C. Prediction of water table depth in western region, Oissa using BPNN and RBFN neural networks. J. Hydrol. 2010, 394, 296–304, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.003.
- Goldberg, D. Genetic Algorithm in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning; Addison-Wesley: Boston, MA, USA, 1989.
- Mulia, I.E.; Tay, H.; Roopsekhar, K.; Tkalich, P. Hybrid ANN-GA for predicting turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentrations. J. HydroEnviron. Res. 2013, 7, 279–299.
- Chatterjee, S.; Bandopadhyay, S. Reliability estimation using a genetic algorithm-based artificial neural network: An application to a load-haul-dump machine. Expert. Syst. Appl. 2012, 39, 10943–10951, doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2012.03.030.
- Karimi, H.; Yousefi, F. Application of artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) to correlation of density in nanofluids. Fluid Phase Equilibr. 2012, 336, 79–83, doi:10.1016/j.fluid.2012.08.019.
- Singh, K.P.; Basant, A.; Malik, A.; Jain, G. Artificial neural network modeling of the river water quality-A case study. Ecol. Model. 2009, 220, 888–895, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.004.
- Nourani, V.; Komasi, M.; Alami, M.T. Hybrid wavelet-genetic programming approach to optimize ANN modeling of rainfall-runoff process. J. Hydrol. Eng. ASCE 2012, 17, 724–741, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000506.
- Cheng, C.T.; Ou, C.P.; Chau, K.W. Combining a fuzzy optimal with a genetic algorithm to solve multiobjective rainfall-runoff model calibration. J. Hydrol. 2002, 268, 72–86, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00122-1.
- Muttil, N.; Chau, K.W. Neural network and genetic programming for modelling coastal algal blooms. Int. J. Environ. Pollut. 2006, 28, 223–238, doi:10.1504/IJEP.2006.011208.
- Lin, J.Y.; Cheng, C.T.; Chau, K.W. Using support vector machines for long-term discharge prediction. Hydrol. Sci. J. 2006, 51, 599–612, doi:10.1623/hysj.51.4.599.
- Tabari, H.; Kisi, O.; Ezani, A.; Hosseinzadeh, T.P. SVM, ANFIS, regression and climate based models for reference evapotranspiration modeling using limited climate data in a semi-arid highland environment. J. Hydrol. 2012, 444, 78–89.
- Muttil, N.; Chau, K.W. Machine-learning paradigms for selecting ecologically significant input variables. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intel. 2007, 20, 735–744, doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2006.11.016.
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).


text:
After her mother's death, attractive high school teacher Catherine Thatcher (Mia Sara) returns to Romania in search of the father she never knew. Armed only with a faded snapshot, she quickly butts heads with dashing embassy functionary Jack Devlin (Jack Coleman), and is adopted by Max (Deszo
Garas), her very own English-speaking cab driver. Persistent questioning leads her to An...
Daughter Of Darkness movie trailer - starring Anthony Perkins, Mia Sara, Jack Coleman, Robert Reynolds, Dezso Garas. Directed by Stuart Gordon. Genre: Horror
Rating: R
more Daughter Of Darkness videos
Download the TV Guide app for iPhone, iPad and Android!


text:
Kake Kreations by Kathy
15373 92 st ne
Elk River, MN 55330 | map
Website: Visit my website »
Health license: Yes
Additional services: Consultations, On-site Delivery, On-site Setup...
About Us
I have been in the wedding business for 39 years. I am licensed with the state of MN. I enjoy working one on one with the brides and grooms. Giving attention to details. And working with you to customize your cake. Best value in the twin city area at $2.10 per serving. 100 servings minimum. Please call to set up a consultation.
Associations I Belong To
"Wedding Professionals Networking Group"


text:
Help historians
History of Parliament Trust
Journal of the House of Commons: volume 3: 1643-1644
Year published
430, 431
Comment on this articleDouble click anywhere on the text to add an annotation in-line
Citation Show
another format:
'House of Commons Journal Volume 3: 18 March 1644', Journal of the House of Commons: volume 3: 1643-1644 (1802), pp. 430-431. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=10688 Date accessed: 27 November 2014.
(Min 3 characters)
Die Lunæ, 18 Martii, 1643.
Archbishop of Canterbury's Trial.
Votes of Parliament at Oxford.
States Ambassadors.
Message to Lords.
List of Officers.
Report concerning Pierse.
Informations concerning Copley.
Army Musters.
Lord General's Ordinance.
ORDERED, That all the Lawyers of the House do diligently attend the Trial of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Resolved, &c. That it shall be left to my Lord General to nominate and appoint the Officers of his own Regiment.
Ordered, That the Votes, informed to pass at Oxon by those that term themselves the Commons there, bearing. Date Martii 12 1643, be referred to the Consideration of the Committee of both Kingdoms, to make such Use of them as they shall think fit.
Mr. Speaker acquainted the House, that the States Ambassadors came to him to give him a Visit; and that they delivered unto him a Message by Word of Mouth, as to the Speaker of the House of Commons; which they desired might be communicated to the Sieurs Commons of the Parliament; the which they also delivered in Writing, subsigned by them: The which was read:
Resolved, &c. That it be referred to the Committee of both Kingdoms, to consider, and present their Opinions to the Houses, of the Order to be held in the Proceeding upon this Paper from the States Ambassadors.
Ordered, That a Conference be desired with the Lords; and this Vote be communicated unto them at this Conference; and their Concurrence desired;
Sir Rob. Pye is appointed to go to the Lords, to desire a Conference, by Committees of both Houses, so soon as may stand with their Lordships Conveniency, concerning a Paper received from the States Ambassadors.
He is likewise to desire the Lords, to pass the Ordinance for Monies to Windesore Garison; and to carry up the Ordinance concerning Sir Wm. Brereton.
Mr. Tate proceeded in his Report of the List of the Officers of Foot Regiments, under the immediate Command of my Lord General; and presented the List of the Lieutenant Colonels, Serjeant Majors, and Captains, of the several Regiments of the Army under the immediate Command of my Lord General: The which were all read; and allowed of; and for the rest of the Officers of the said Army, under the Degree of Captains, they leave them to be disposed of, and made, as formerly they were.
Mr. Tate likewise reported from the Committee, the Opinions of the Committee upon the Petition of Mrs. Pierse.
Resolved, &c. That this House doth concur with this Committee, and doth not find any Grounds of Evidence, that Mrs. Pierce did hold any Correspondence with the Enemy.
Resolved, &c. That this House doth concur with the Committee, and is of Opinion, that Mrs. Pierce ought to be restored to the Liberty of her Person; and to the Possession of her Goods, seized and secured by Commissary Copley, and the rest of the Committee of my Lord General's Army.
Ordered, That the Committee for the Lord General's Army shall have Power to examine the Informations they have received concerning Commissary Copley; and to receive his Answer; and, to that Purpose, to send for Witnesses, Papers, Records.
Ordered, That it be referred to the Committee appointed to prepare the Establishment for my Lord General's Army, to consider of some Way for taking the Musters upon the Recruiting of the Army.
Ordered, That the Ordinance concerning the Lord General's Ordinance, be peremptorily reported Tomorrow Morning.
Double-click menu [ Cancel ]
- Contact us -
Privacy & Cookies - Terms of use - FAQ - About
Support us
Version 4.0 | November 2013
© 2014 University of London & History of Parliament Trust
Design - Crave Ltd


text:
Backstage Pass: Armani in Asia Minor
Giorgio Armani's makeup head, Linda Cantello, did the makeup for 187 models for Armani's three-part mega show in China, and we got the inside beauty secrets.
By Ying Chu
Ready to Wear
"For Asian faces, I'll change, say, the curve of the liner for almond eyes and adapt the blush — these girls have killer cheekbones!" — Cantello
Courtesy of Designer


text:
All major grain-producing areas experiencing some level of drought
By Robert Burns
Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service
Though grain crops in the upper Gulf Coast, Central Texas and North Texas started off this year with much better moisture conditions than those in the High Plains, it's the "same old song and dance" there when it comes to moisture, according to a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service expert.
"We need help from Mother Nature pretty soon to maintain yield potentials," said Ronnie Schnell, AgriLife Extension state cropping systems specialist, College Station.
The upper Gulf Coast, the Blacklands and North Texas had good moisture at planting times, but most of the grain crop right now could really use a good rain, he said. Planting was in early March in the Central and North regions and mid- to late-February in the Gulf Coast area.
Areas in the northern Blacklands have received a little more rain than the Central and Gulf Coast region, Schnell said. Crops in all three areas are still OK, but they won't stay that way long without rain in the next week or so.
There were also some freezes that delayed planting in some areas, as well as some late freezes that damaged corn in the northern Blacklands and resulted in replanting of other crops, he said, but the real issue remains moisture.
According to the April 29 U.S. Drought Monitor, drought conditions continued to worsen in the Panhandle, Rolling Plains, South Plains and parts of Central Texas. West of the U.S. Interstate 35 corridor, the monitor rated drought conditions as "exceptional" or "extreme" over large areas.
"Over the past three months, the area of the state under at least moderate drought has increased from about 50 percent to almost 75 percent," Schnell said. "At this point, all major grain-producing areas of the state are experiencing some level of drought."
More information on the current Texas drought and wildfire alerts can be found on the AgriLife Extension Agricultural Drought Task Force website at http://agrilife.tamu.edu/drought/.
Date: 5/12/2014


text:
Williamsburg Apartments
- Click to Talk
View property, WalkScore, and Driving Directions
The Williamsburg Apartments offer 1 and 2 bedroom apartments for rent in Hudson, WI, minutes from downtown Hudson in a quiet residential neighborhood. Short drive to Minneapolis & St Paul. Williamsburg Apartments include paid heat, water and trash, dishwasher, garbage disposal, extra storage locker, onsite laundry, off street parking and garage parking is available.
Floorplans and Pricing
1 Bedroom
|1 Bedroom
|1 Bathroom
|Check Availability
2 Bedrooms
|2 Bedroom
|1 Bathroom
|Check Availability
Features and AmenitiesBack to Top
Special Features
- 1 & 2 Bedroom Apartments For Rent
- Garage Parking Available
- Onsite Laundry Rooms
- Dishwasher
- Garbage Disposal
- Heat, Water, Trash Included
- Extra Storage
- Near the St Croix
- 20 Minutes to Minneapolis/St Paul
- Nearby Golfing
- Great Hudson Location
- Close to Shopping, Dining, Entertainment
Community Features
- Apartment
- Freeway Access
- Garages
- Laundry Facility
- Standard
- Surface Lot
Apartment Amenities
- Dishwasher
- Extra Storage
- Garbage Disposal
Local Schools
- E.P. Rock Elementary School
- Hudson High School
- Hudson Middle School
We believe school data to be accurate, but do not guarantee that. Please be sure to verify where your children will attend school before making your housing decision.
As you search for your perfect apartment, please keep in mind that rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability are very fluid in the apartment industry. Based on many factors, the rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability can actually change not just daily, but hourly, if not even more quickly. While our advertisers do take steps to keep their information current, the rental rates or availability you may find here now at ForRent.com may not be the same as when you contact the communities.


text:
Alba flaunts her post-baby body while vacationing in Mexico with hubby Cash Warren. Plus: J.Lo & Casper, Ben Affleck, Olivia & Jason and more
Credit: Bauer-Griffin
Published: Tuesday Jan 03, 2012 | 05:00 PM EST
More from PEOPLE
See More News
5 of 18
Tuckered out from being the "life of the party", 8-month old twins Moroccan and Monroe take a snooze Saturday while out with mom Mariah Carey and dad Nick Cannon in Aspen, Colo.
Copyright © 2014 Time Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.


text:
Alaska Studios or Townhomes(27)
27 Results
Recent Alaska Reviews
Looks Just Like the Pictures !!
When I am deciding on a place to rent, my primary objective is that it be clean and comfortable, This place was not only clean and comfortable but updated with new kitchen appliances, washer /dryer and furniture. It really did look just like the pictures ! It is an easy ride into Fairbanks and surrounding areas. Sandy the owner,was great, very outgoing, attentive and quick to respond to any questions. I would certainly considering staying here again on my next trip to Alaska.
Superlative abode for Mayor's Midnight Sun Marathon
Context: first visit to Alaska, first time VRBOer, traveling without wife and kids (so did not have to stay in usual spousally-mandated $350+ hotel room). Location: central, 10 minutes from airport, walking distance to downtown. ONE BLOCK walk from 1010 to get shuttle to marathon start. You only have to stagger ONE BLOCK from marathon finish line in Delaney Park to 1010. You will have a reserved parking space. Hosts, an attorney and marriage counselor, are exceptionally pleasant, calm and anxious to make sure you are comfortable without being at all overbearing or in your space. Separate entrance so you can come and go as you please. Hosts freely shared glasses of wine and some wonderful home-smoked salmon (best I have ever had and I've had a lot). The suite...larger than the photos indicate...is very clean, fully outfitted with appliances, dishes, cookware, etc. It was really nice to arrive and see that fridge had diet cokes, OJ, water, Brie, butter, jam, etc., also fresh muffins and loaf of fresh bread. Very comfortable, no complaints. I cooked three meals. New Sagaya's City Market is a great grocery store/deli/coffee shop, 2 or 3 blocks away, it has most everything you will need including prepared foods if you would rather eat in but not cook. There is a nice stand up shower but no tub (which I originally "wanted" for dreaded post-run ice bath, but I discovered that you get same recovery if you keep moving for a couple hours afterward). Plenty of DVDs if you need entertainment, helpful books, magazines about Alaska. It was strange to have to pull down window shades to sleep, to block the sunlight at 11 p.m. There is large counter/desktop that is very handy to eat on, spread out papers, etc. Nearby hotels....Clarion, Sheraton, Hilton, Captain Cooks....all may have been nice when they were built in the 70s or 80, but not now. Just run down and the kind of places you would stay only if you had to. So 1010 is a no brainer. Alaska is now one of my favorite states and I would stay again at 1010 if I get to come back.
Great stay in Anchorage
We spent 10 nights here over the Christmas holiday. It was so great to have a home-like place for holidays away. We set up a little tree and felt comfortable from the start! The location is excellent – easy to the highway, downtown, anywhere. The apartment was clean and well furnished with everything you could need in the kitchen, laundry room, etc. Beds were very comfortable, and we were glad to have the inflatable mattress for a girls' sleepover. I cannot think of anything else that could have been included to make our trip better. Thanks for the great service and accommodations. We would recommend this unit, or any from these owners, based on our experience.