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"You need to write thank you cards for any gift you received. Whether it was an ugly gift you didn't want or the china you always wanted, you need to thank the people who spent time, money and often a good deal of effort buying you the gift. Often times I find that people feel it is unnecessary to write their friends thank you cards and only write to their relatives or their parents' friends but I don't really see the distinction." – Laura, Bride
I got the chance to speak with Neil, from Jewelry Judaica, on what they are finding are some of their best selling wedding gifts.
"Historically, most of our buyers don't purchase jewelry for wedding gifts, but we have seen many brides get jewelry as bridal shower gifts! In general, hamsas are trending as very popular symbols. Stars of David are the second most popular, followed by chais. Mezuzah motifs are rarely purchased for women."
His wife of one year and partners together at Jewelry Judaica, had some great advice to share! "As a recent bride myself, the number one tip I have is purchase something from the bride and groom's registry. If they registered for it, they want it. If it's not your taste, it's okay, you are buying something for them that they want. If you feel close to the bride and groom and want to get them a more personal gift, that is great. Just make sure its something that can be exchanged or returned in case they have something similar or it doesn't fit their style."
I personally love the idea of these pieces as either a gift for the bride or why not treat each of your bridesmaids to one of these sterling silver Hamsa Evil Eye Red String bracelets?
"If a guest flies in for a wedding you are not expected to buy a gift on top of that."
"Try to give a gift that has the value of what the couple spent on you to attend the wedding (ie price of your plate plus some entertainment, etc)."
"Speaking from personal experience… you end up with a lot of doubles, or things you don't want/need. Make it easy. Brides: make a registry. Everyone else: buy from that registry. Lol"
Gary Rosenthal's Collection of Judaica is extremely popular, and wedding gifts are no exception. Most popularly guests buy couples Wedding Mezuzahs. "It makes a great gift for a young couple moving into a new home especially."
They also offer wedding shard keepsakes. "They are nice decorative pieces that display the shards, or really any little memento you want." Maybe you want to bring home some of that sandy beach from your honeymoon or use it to keepsake the glass you broke under your chuppah?
Of course they have plenty of non-wedding specific gifts. Beautiful, traditional and functional. A new Jewish home always needs a new menorah or seder plate, to call their own.
Some interesting pieces of advice. Do you agree, disagree or have anything to add? I'd love to hear your comments below!
JewelryJudaica is a new endeavor from a family of jewelers with 4 decades of Judaica and fine jewelry experience. Launched in 2013, Jewelry Judaica is a family-owned and operated jewelry manufacturing and retail company. They are offering our Jewish Wedding Blog readers a special offer! Enter the code KETUBAH20 for 20% any orders placed though 1/31/2014. Thank you JewelryJudaica!
These are great tips on gifts. Jewelries sound a great idea but they can be expensive but they can be awesome gifts for bridesmaids. I like the wedding shard keepsake ideas. That will be great keepsake for the guests. There are really a lot of gift ideas, it's all up to the couple to decide what to give to their guests, it would be nice to give something that would reflect their personalities as well.
Messianic Jewish Jewelry can be proved as a perfect and most lovable gift on weddings. Its perfectly suitable gift for the occassion of wedding. Great tips.
To impress any women its a great idea to present Jewelry as a gift. The information provided in the blog is really helpful. Thanks for posting.
Interesting blog! Design of every jewelry is really amazing as well as eye catching. I mainly like the design and shape of bracelet and earring. This entire information is really good for enriching knowledge about Jewish symbol. Thanks for providing this valuable information with us.
Perfect and very helpful tips which can help to buy a Jewish gift for someone. Thanks and keep posting information like this.


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I started to learn programming in high school and they taught us C. It felt a bit complicated, focusing more on memory management than on algorithms, but I didn't know about anything else and I was really interested so I went with it. After that, the first programming class in university (that had no prerequisites) was also about C. By then I knew about other programming languages, especially Python, and seeing people with no prior experience struggling I started to ask myself if Python would be a better first language.
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According to her 'scientific research', radiation is great for human health and helps ward off cancer. Her newest article (in reference to the nuclear disaster at Fukushima) is titled 'A Glowing Report On Radiation'.
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My only negative would be the fade effect in Internet Explorer 6 seems to anti-alias wrong. Other than that it's a very nice extension!
Anti–aliasing fade problem it's another one IE6 bug, but we have solution for this problem in our knowledge base (it's just few simple steps).
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This should be highly rated! Nice work :)
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Jenni weighs in on Jeff and Zoila's blowout.
Jenni was happy to research blow-up dolls for Jeff.
Jeff proves that he has a soft side and Lucy proves she is the cutest child in the world.
Jenni Pulos isn't sure about her new HR position.
Episode 3: Bravotv.com's Associate Editor examines the HR nightmare that is Jeff Lewis Design.
Episode 2: Bravotv.com's Associate Editor thinks Andrew should be a professional bridesmaid dress model.
Zoila Chavez sounds off on all the Lupe drama.
Jenni Pulos thinks Jeff may have forgotten whose wedding it is.
Jenni gives us her rhyming blog recap of the season premiere.
Jenni encourages everyone to hang in there and pursue their dreams.
Episode 10: Bravotv.com's Associate Editor selects her top three moments of the Season 5 finale.


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Yes, you can swirl Melt & Pour soap and this kit is a great way to learn. The key is to make sure the temperature of your soap is perfect and then move fast! Find the complete tutorial on the Soap Queen Blog.
This kit includes:
This kit is a little different than our other kits in that you can remove or get extra of each item in your shopping cart (and the price will adjust accordingly) before you check out. So you can just get what you need. Also please note that there are no printed instructions included with this kit, learn how to make this soap on the Soap Queen Blog here.
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I have enjoyed seeing Josie's beautiful soap on the Bramble Berry Facebook page for some time. Right away, Josie showed immense talent and an eye for design. Josie began selling her […]
The post From Online to In-Store: Josie's Beauty Boutique appeared first on Soap Queen.


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Finalists named for Ranch principal post
Date: June 30, 2009
by: Pam McTeer | News Editor
East County parents will have a chance to meet and question the three finalists for the principal position at Lakewood Ranch High School at a community forum at 6:30 p.m., tonight at Lakewood Ranch High School, 5500 Lakewood Ranch Blvd.
Two local assistant principals — Linda Nesselhauf of Manatee High and Don Sauer of Lakewood Ranch — and one out-of-state contender, Melanie Metz of Buffalo, N.Y., are vying for the position.
"It's a good chance for people to meet the candidates and ask questions and find out more about them," Manatee County School District spokesperson Mike Barber said of the forum.
After the forum, parents will be able to provide feedback to the school district about candidates, and Superintendent Tim McGonegal will use the information in making his final recommendation for the post. McGonegal is expected to conduct his own interview with candidates next week.
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We're making our list of the best holiday lights displays in East County and checking it twice.


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In March, concerns about the incredibly smelly landfill in Bridgeton reached a new level when environmental groups warned of a possible "dirty bomb." The question was whether the Bridgeton Landfill's increasing stench -- tied to an underground fire -- could prove to be especially hazardous, given th ... More >>
Hockey's "The Great One" has returned to St. Louis. Wayne Gretzky, who played briefly for the Blues during the 1995-1996 season, recently purchased a home in Frontenac. Real estate records show that Gretzky and his wife, Janet, paid $500,000 for the four-bedroom home on July 31. Janet grew up in Bri ... More >>
Brent Roam, founder of U-City Family ChurchOn Sunday, September 18, for the first time ever, the Tivoli Theatre in the Loop will begin renting out its space to a religious congregation: the U-City Family Church. Other cinemas across the country have been doing this for years, including the l ... More >>
Smoking (and snorting) heroin has increased its popularity.For the second time this year, St. Louis area police chiefs and drug counselors will gather together to discuss what's been called an "epidemic" of heroin use in the region. As we reported earlier this year, the number of heroin overdoses ... More >>
Teen book-turned-movie Twilight came out on DVD at the stroke of midnight Saturday morning. Although Unreal refers to Twilight as "awesomely bad teeny bopper trash," its fans and their parents might best be described as fang-wearing, cape-donning, utterly endearing geek-azoids.As with any sci-fi / f ... More >>
What made Lionel Sands go off the deep end?
Bow to your sensei.
Some Lou denizens feel dissed by Miss USA (but Unreal still loves her!), a Pattonville student is treated criminally, and an 84-year-old grandma praises the Rams in song; plus, we clock local athletes on our gaydar
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The Public High League once dominated the local gridiron scene, and suburban districts were perennial doormats. Now it's the other way around. Ever wonder why?
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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10(11), 5284-5298; doi:10.3390/ijerph10115284
Published: 25 October 2013
Abstract: The accumulation of heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd), in leafy vegetables was compared with other vegetables. Pak choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis) is a leafy vegetable consumed in Taiwan and its safety for consumption after growing in contaminated soils is a public concern. A pot experiment (50 days) was conducted to understand the dynamic accumulation of Cd by pak choi grown in artificially contaminated soils. The edible parts of pak choi were sampled and analyzed every 2–3 days. The dry weight (DW) of pak choi was an exponential function of leaf length, leaf width, and chlorophyll content. The accumulation of Cd increased when the soil Cd concentration was raised, but was kept at a constant level during different growth stages. Pak choi had a high bioconcentration factor (BCF = ratio of the concentration in the edible parts to that in the soils), at values of 3.5–4.0. The consumption of pak choi grown in soils contaminated at levels used in this study would result in the ingestion of impermissible amounts of Cd and could possibly have harmful effects on health.
1. Introduction
Soils contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) are major environmental problems throughout the world due to their adverse ecological effects. The remediation of HM-contaminated soils is a challenge because HMs do not degrade in the environment. Among the HMs, cadmium (Cd) contaminates soils primarily as a consequence of inappropriate disposal of industrial wastes, irrigation using contaminated water, application of fertilizers, or atmospheric deposition [1,2,3]. Cadmium is a non-essential element that has no metabolic use and is believed to cause damage even at low concentrations [4,5]. In plant tissues, excess Cd inhibits photosynthesis and respiration [6], and also reduces nutrient uptake [7]. The high mobility of Cd makes it easily taken up by crops, rapidly transferred to aerial parts, readily incorporated into the food chain, and consequently, a threat to human health [8,9].
Farmland contamination with Cd was reported in the last decade, and the public is now paying more attention to the potential toxicity of ingested crops [10,11]. In 1982, some farmlands in northern Taiwan were contaminated with Cd as a result of irrigation using the illegal effluent from a nearby chemical factory. Paddy rice grown in these soils accumulated high concentration of Cd in their grains [12]. The Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act (SGWPR Act) announced by Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) of Taiwan uses Soil Control Standards (SCSs) as the threshold for identifying contamination. Contaminated sites should conduct necessary remediation practices when their total concentrations (aqua regia soluble) of HMs are beyond those recommended in the SCSs. For farmlands, the SCS for Cd is 5.0 mg kg−1. However, some genotypes of paddy rice accumulated more than 0.4 mg Cd kg−1 (the regulative standard announced by Department of Health of Taiwan) in their grains even when the total Cd concentration in soils was less than the SCS [13].
Leafy vegetables accumulate higher concentrations of Cd than other crops [9,14,15]. It is predictable that leafy vegetables, like the popularly consumed pak choi, will accumulate harmful concentrations of Cd in the edible parts even when grown in soils containing low concentrations of Cd [16]. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the accumulation of Cd in harvest-ready leafy vegetables grown in soils with different Cd concentrations. To the author's knowledge, however, no study has yet been conducted to examine the dynamic accumulation of Cd at different growth stages. If the dynamic accumulation of Cd is known, the harvest of vegetables grown in contaminated soils could be changed to an acceptable period that would minimize the amount of accumulated Cd in the harvested parts. The main objectives of this study are: (1) to understand the dynamic accumulation of Cd by pak choi, and (2) to assess the risk of uptake of Cd at different growth stages in pak choi grown in soils with different contamination levels of Cd.
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Soil Preparation
Soil samples were collected from the surface layer (0−30 cm) of an Inceptisol in central Taiwan. Soil samples were air dried, ground, and passed through 10, 80, or 100 mesh stainless steel sieves in accordance with different analyzing procedures. Basic soil characteristics of representative samples were then determined. Soil pH value (soil/water = 1/1; w/v) was determined with pH meter (Mettler Toledo EL20, Columbus, OH, US) using a glass electrode [17]. The electrical conductivity (EC) of saturation extract was determined according to [18]. Soil particle size distribution was measured by a hydrometer [19]. Water content and water-holding capacity (WHC) were determined by gravimetric method [20]. Organic carbon (OC) content of ground and sieved (80 mesh) soil samples was determined by the Walkley-Black wet combustion method [21].
Total concentration of Cd in ground and sieved (100 mesh) soil samples (3.0 g) was determined following digestion in 28 mL of aqua regia (7 mL HNO3 + 21 mL HCl). Digests were filtered through Whatman No. 42 filter papers, made up to a 100 mL volume, and analyzed for Cd content with an AAnlyst 200 flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, US). Suitable volumes of solutions of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O dissolved in deionized water (DI water) were sprayed on the sieved and air dried soil samples (5 mesh) to achieve their target Cd concentration (as an individual element) as: (1) Cd-CK: control with no Cd solution applied; (2) Cd-10: final total Cd concentration is 10 mg kg−1; and (3) Cd-20: final total Cd concentration is 20 mg kg−1. These artificially Cd-contaminated soils were subjected to three cycles of wet (50%−70% WHC)/dry (air-dried) incubation to simulate field conditions and to enable the added Cd to reach a steady state [22,23].
2.2. Pot Experiment
Air-dried and artificially Cd-contaminated soil samples (20.0 kg) were placed in rectangular pots (L 64 cm, W 48 cm, H 15 cm). Solutions of N (as urea), P (in KH2PO4), and K (in K2SO4) were added at 1.0 g N, 0.44 g P, and 1.0 g K pot−1 for all Cd treatments. A total of 130 pak choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis) seeds were uniformly sown in each pot at about 1 cm depth from the soil surface. The pot experiment was conducted in a phytotron (25 °C, day/night = 12 h/12 h) for 50 days at MingDao University, with three replicates. Appropriate amounts of DI water were applied every 2−3 days to maintain soil moisture at 50%−70% WHC, which was determined by weighing the pot.
The edible parts of pak choi were sampled randomly every 3−4 days from day 15th and 5−10 plants·pot−1 were harvested each time. The plant height (H), leaf length (L), and leaf width (W) of the largest expanded leaf was determined and recorded immediately after harvest. The chlorophyll content of each expanded leaf was determined by a chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502, Konica Minolta, Osaka, Japan); these measurements had been found to correlate closely with actual leaf chlorophyll content [24]. The fresh weight (FW) of each plant was also determined and recorded immediately after harvest. Dry weight (DW) was determined and recorded after rinsing each plant part with tap water, flushing with DI water, and then oven drying at 65 °C for 72 h.
2.3. Plant and Soil Analysis
Ground tissues (0.1−0.2 g) were digested by 10 mL of mixed concentrated acid (HNO3/HClO4 = 87/13 by volume). After filtering through Whatman No. 42 filter papers and made up to 25 mL, the digests were stored at 4 °C until further analysis. Soils were sampled and then air-dried and ground. Sieved (100 mesh) soil samples (3.0 g) were digested by aqua regia, made up to 25 mL, and filtered through Whatman No. 42 filter papers. The Cd concentrations in plant and soil digests were determined using a PerkinElmer AAnlyst 200 FAAS.
2.4. Quality Control and Statistical Analysis
Certified reference materials of soil (CRM 143 R) and standard reference materials of tomato leaves (SRM 1573a) were used to monitor the accuracy of data. The data were considered valid when the recovery rate (actual concentration/certified concentration) in the digestion processes was in the range of 90%−110%. Reagent blanks and three replicates of all samples were used to ensure accuracy and precision in the analysis. All of the quality control procedures conducted during the determination of Cd by FAAS followed NIEA M111.01C announced by Environmental Analysis Laboratory of Taiwan [25].
A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science, Armonk, NY, US). The differences in the growth rate and shoot Cd concentration among mean values of Cd treatments were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by LSD (least significant difference) test. Statistical significance was defined at the level of p = 0.05.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Basic Soil Characteristics
The texture of the soil used was sandy loam (sand 64%, silt 14%, clay 22%) with a moderate OC content (1.21%) and neutral acidity (pH 7.72). Its EC was 0.39 dS m−1 which is less than the threshold (4.0 dS m−1) of a saline soil. The initial total Cd concentration in soil was 0.8 ± 0.3 mg kg−1, which is less than the SCS of 5.0 mg Cd kg−1 imposed for farmlands in the SGWPR Act of Taiwan and can be regarded as a non-contaminated soil. After artificially spiking with Cd solutions, the final Cd concentration of Cd-10 and Cd-20 reached 10.5 ± 0.2 and 20.1 ± 0.8 mg kg−1, respectively, which were close to the target concentrations.
3.2. Dynamic Change of Physiological Characteristics
Figure 1 shows the dynamic exhibition of L, W, H, and SPAD for pak choi grown in artificially Cd-contaminated soils. In general, and except for SPAD, the L, W, and H increased with time. The L showed similar trends to H, although some of the values were evidently reduced. Since no unhealthy plants were observed during the pot experiment and the growth of plants is irreversible, the plant Cd content will not decrease once increased. For the three Cd treatments, some of the measurements seemed to be unreasonable, namely days 31, 35, and day 41. It is possible that these discrepancies resulted from sampling error, but it is difficult to explain the forgoing phenomena from the present data.
An exponential equation (Equation (1)) was used to describe the dynamic change in DW of edible parts with the growing time and some of the unreasonable data were excluded:
Exponential equations well described the change in DW at different growth stages (Figure 2). For the three Cd treatments, the growth rate was at the level of 0.046 to 0.051 and had good correlation coefficients (r2 = 0.947 to 0.970).
Even when growing in the Cd-treated soils, the growth rate for the Cd-10 and Cd-20 treatments showed a significant increase when compared to Cd-CK (p < 0.05), indicating that the growth of pak choi was not inhibited by the Cd concentration in soils. In agreement with a report by Chen et al. [16], the presence of Cd in soils promoted the growth of pak choi if the Cd concentration was below the toxic level.
3.3. Relationships between Physiological Characteristics
Nonlinear models using L, W, or SPAD were conducted by Cho et al. [26] to provide good representations of the leaf area (LA) and DW of cucumber. In this study, the physiological characteristics, namely L, W, and SPAD, of the largest leaves of pak choi grown in each treatment were determined during the pot experiment. A stepwise-multiple regression was conducted to describe the relationship between predicted DW (DWpredicted) and the parameters determined, shown as Equation (2), with r2 of 0.893.
A significant linear relationship was found between the predicted DW and the determined DW (DWdetermined) and the r2 was 0.945 (Figure 3).
3.4. Bioconcentration and Dynamic Changes in Accumulated Cd Concentration
Figure 4 shows the dynamic changes in Cd concentration (DW based) in the edible parts of pak choi grown in various Cd-contaminated soils. The accumulated Cd concentration significantly increased with increasing soil Cd concentration (p < 0.05). Although accumulated Cd concentrations changed at different growth stages, these changes were not drastic when the larger variations in some data were considered, and especially in Cd-20.
The accumulated Cd concentrations during day 15 and day 50 were in the range of 31–46 mg kg−1 (average = 38.9 ± 4.8) and 62–84 mg kg−1 (average = 72.0 ± 5.3) for Cd-10 and Cd-20, respectively. Chen et al. [16] used artificially Cd-contaminated soils and planted pak choi at various Cd levels. The tissue Cd concentrations in pak choi grown in Cd-2 and Cd-10 were approximately 40 and 70 mg kg−1, respectively, which is in agreement with these previous experimental results.
The dry weight based bioconcentration factor (BCFDW = shoot Cd concentration/soil Cd concentration) was used to assess the accumulation capacity of pak choi. For Cd-10 and Cd-20, the BCFDW reached 3.96 and 3.59, respectively (Table 1). In comparison with other experiments that studied pak choi in Cd-contaminated soils at similar concentrations, the BCFDW reported in the present study was close to that reported by Chen et al. [16], but was approximately 1.7-fold higher than that reported by Chen et al. [23]. The phytoavailability of Cd in soil is primarily controlled by soil pH, redox potential, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) [27,28]. The mobility and phytoavailability of soil Cd increases when soil has a low pH value or CEC, which is mostly found in soils with a high sand content [29]. Compared with Chen et al. [23], the higher BCFDW found in the present study and in Chen et al. [16] was possibly a result of the coarser texture (lower CEC) and lower pH (5.5).
|Table 1. The dry weight based bioconcentration factor (BCFDW) of pak choi grown in various Cd-contaminated soils for 50 days.
|Soil Cd conc.
|Shoot Cd conc.
|0.8 ± 0.3 #
|0.7 ± 0.5
|10.5 ± 0.2
|38.9 ± 0.8
|20.1 ± 0.8
|72.0 ± 0.3
# mean ± standard deviation; Replicates (n = 3); * BCFDW = shoot Cd concentration (dry weight based)/soil Cd concentration.
The continuous monitoring of yields during growth stages of different crops is difficult because destructive methods must be used. The development of non-destructive modeling can therefore be a very convenient and useful tool for the estimation of crop yields at various growth stages [26]. Similar to other regression models regarding L, W, LA, or SPAD for estimating crop production [23,30,31], a regression equation that used previous parameters was established in the present study to predict the DW of pak choi grown in Cd-contaminated soils. The modeled DW had a good linear relationship with the determined DW. This modeling (Equation (2)) can efficiently and accurately predict the DW at different growth stages without the need for destructive measurement.
The SPAD has been used both to determine the chlorophyll concentration of leaves and also to estimate the nitrogen status and to guide fertilizer-N timing on corn and rice [32,33,34]. It is an effective tool for non-destructive estimation of total chlorophyll concentration and content across a range of plant ages, growing conditions, and genotypes [24]. However, successful use of the SPAD meter can be influenced by soil type, crop variety, growth stage, leaf position, and the sampling point on the leaf [32,35].
The LA plays an important role in photosynthesis and crop yield. Although LA was not determined in the present study, it can be expressed as 50% of the product of L and W if the shape of leaf of pak choi is considered as a diamond. Good linear relationships were observed between 50% of estimated LA and the total removal of Cd by the edible parts of pak choi grown in Cd-10 (r2 = 0.806) and Cd-20 (r2 = 0.839) (Figure 5). When growing in Cd-contaminated soils, the total amount (mg plant−1) of Cd accumulated in the edible parts of pak choi increased because the estimated LA and DW increased, although the Cd concentrations did not change drastically. In other words, although the total mass of accumulated Cd increased with time, the increase in DW diluted the Cd concentration and thereby reduced the extent of the increase. However, it is difficult to distinguish between the effects resulting from dilution and from transpiration from the present data.
Once HMs enter the soil environment, they will react with soil particles and form different species, namely water soluble, exchangeable, or bound (to carbonates, organic matter, or oxides, etc.). In compliance with the strength of binding and phytoavailability, five fractions were separated by extracting with different chemical solutions [36]. The concentration of HM extracted by 1 M MgCl2 can represent the water soluble and exchangeable species, which should move with the soil solution. Because approximately 90% of the water taken up by plants will evaporate, LA dictates the amounts of water that pass through plant tissues and are lost from the stomata. During evaporation, the water soluble or exchangeable fractions of soil Cd will transfer together with water within plant tissues. The accumulation of Cd in plants is mainly driven by transpiration, which depends on LA, and higher transpiration generally leads to higher shoot Cd levels [37]. Plants thus accumulate more HM in their tissues if the evaporation rate is high or if most of the Cd in soils is primarily present as water soluble or exchangeable fractions. Soil samples from the pot experiment in the present study showed that approximately 19% to 27% of the total Cd in the soils could be extracted with 1 M MgCl2. There was a good linear relationship between this extractable Cd in the soil and that accumulated in the edible parts of pak choi (r2 = 0.918) (Figure 6). However, although the extractable soil Cd seems to be available for uptake into pak choi, further studies will be needed since only three Cd treatments were used in the present study.
Regression of the FW based average Cd concentrations in the edible parts of pak choi grown in Cd-CK, Cd-10, and Cd-20 with soil Cd concentrations yielded a good linear relationship between Cd concentration in soil (Cdsoil) and the FW based Cd concentration in the edible parts (Cdshoot) (Figure 7). The BCFFW (slope of the linear regression) was 0.199, indicating that pak choi will accumulate 0.199-fold of the Cd concentration (FW based) in the soil in its edible parts when growing in artificially Cd-contaminated soils. In Taiwan, the SGWPR Act was announced in 2000 and SCS was used as a threshold for determining soil pollution. The SCS is 5.0 mg kg−1 for farmlands and 20 mg kg−1 for non-farmlands. Approximately 0.952 mg kg−1 (FW based) of Cd will accumulate in the edible parts of pak choi grown in soil contaminated with 5.0 mg Cd kg−1 according to the BCFFW obtained in this study. Based on the daily consumption of vegetables suggested by Department of Health of Taiwan and if 300 g (FW based) of pak choi is consumed, the daily uptake of Cd for each person will reach 286 μg. This value is far beyond the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) (equal to 60 μg day−1 for an average adult weighing 60 kg) suggested by Joint FAO-WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives [38]. The European Union maximum permitted concentrations in foodstuffs for leafy vegetables is 0.2 mg kg−1 (FW based). Using this BCFFW for pak choi, this vegetable will accumulate more than 0.2 mg Cd kg−1 (FW based) if the soil Cd concentration reaches 1.23 mg kg−1. Therefore, pak choi should not be planted in Cd-contaminated soils where Cd is present at the concentrations used in this study because of the possible harmful effects due to consumption based on the available literature. However, aging of contaminated soil decreases HM phytoavailability [39,40]. The accumulation of Cd might be lower if pak choi is grown in soils where Cd contamination took place years earlier, unlike the artificially contaminated soils used in the present study. In addition, even after oral intake of pak choi, not all of the Cd contained within the edible parts will be trophically available because of subcellular compartmentalization [41].
For the pak choi used in the present pot experiments, no drastic change was noted for the concentration of Cd in the edible parts regardless of soil concentration (Figure 4). The accumulated Cd concentration was only related to the Cd concentration in soil if the larger outliers in the data were disregarded. Oral intake of HMs from soil medium can be calculated by Equation (4) [42]:
Intakeoral-soil: exposure dose of oral intake (mg kg−1 day−1)
Csoil: concentration of concerned pollutant (mg kg−1)
IRoral-soil: ingestion rate (mg day−1)
EF: exposure frequency (day year−1)
ED: exposure period (year−1)
BW: body weight (kg)
AT: average time (day)
CF: conversion factor (kg mg−1)
After determining the L, W, and SPAD of the largest leaf, one can predicted the DW of pak choi using Equation (2). If an allowable Intakeoral-soil is taken into account, the IRoral-soil can be obtained for a given EF, ED, BW, and AT. Lai et al. [43] reported that the extension of growth period promoted the accumulation of Cd of different garden flowers. In Taiwan, a typical growing period for pak choi is 30 to 60 days. However, harvesting pak choi at early growing stages will not decrease the accumulated Cd concentration in the edible parts.
4. Conclusions
Experimental results of the presented study show that pak choi is a Cd accumulator which accumulated 3.5–4.0 times more Cd concentration than the soil concentration. Once it was grown in the Cd-contaminated soils, the Cd concentrations in the edible parts kept at a constant level during different growth stages. Both leaf area and soil Cd concentrations play important roles regarding the accumulation of Cd of pak choi.
The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China for financially supporting this research under Contract No. NSC 98-2313-B-451-002-MY3 and NSC 101-2621-M-451-002. Some instruments used in this research were financially supported by the MDU project coded P0990053.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).


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Dream Dictionary
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To dream of a figure of prayer and meditation indicates that time you have freely given to those in need will soon repay itself through greater decision-making clarity in your hectic life. Just keep in mind that it is always a bad idea to try to talk over a monk's silence. To dream of kissing a monk portends ill will, as you will either blemish his perfection or wreck yourself trying.
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Local actors Christopher Dontrell Piper and David Jeremiah in Topdog/Underdog Theater in this town has never been better. So why are there so many empty seats? Tickets are reasonable—about $10 for most shows, with free parking at most theaters. Many companies, including Kitchen Dog and Theatre Thr ... More >>
Upstart Productions hosts a dog show


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Even with the darkness, the film is never less than joyful.
Even with the darkness, the film is never less than joyful
Let's all stop embarrassing Texas now, please.
A good movie is a good movie, whether it's a romantic comedy, a drama or an animated feature. It can be about love or hate, war or peace, joy or sadness. It's all in how it gets its point across. In the case of Lone Survivor, it's the story Marcus Luttrell, the surviving member of a team of Navy Sea ... More >>
I get a lot of bizarre press releases. Men's speedos packaged with cans of tuna. A recipe for an Empty Nester cocktail that blends red wine with tequila. A flyer touting a penis-shaped muffin restaurant. The press release I received yesterday doesn't fall within that bizarre realm. It's a perfectly ... More >>
An unconventional parenting setup in a highly standard rom-com.
So here. These are the 25 best songs from Houston rap's glorious 2011. They've been pressed onto actual cassettes (not pictured above). We only made ten of them, because, fuck, it takes a long time. They are for sale ($600). And, as a way to honor the city's grey tape past while being entir ... More >>
Thanksgiving ended up being kind of boring. Besides eating too many plates of knockoff Luby's mac and cheese, we were inundated with hours worth of "I'm thankful for..." Facebook statuses and Twitter feeds. Yes, we do spend entire days on the innerwebs. Anyway, by the time the sun went down ... More >>
It's a well-known fact that most band names are essentially gobbledygook, but here at Rocks Off we're trying hard to find meaning in the oddest monikers. It's a good thing Egypt Central caught us in a violent rage because we're pretty sure that's how their music is supposed to be heard. Your ... More >>
The Houston Chronicle's David Barron just reported that longtime KTRH news anchors J.P. Pritchard and Lana Hughes are leaving the station in favor of new hosts Mike Patrick and Lois Melkonian. In case you need an introduction to Mike Patrick, check out the above video where he personifies the term ... More >>
Jersey's Chris Christie sent his regrets, for obvious reasons.The Texas Independent has more or less been keeping a running tally of gubernatorial RSVPs to Rick Perry's invitation to come to Houston to pray and fast and be all Jesus-y. So far it's looking grim, as would any event where Kansa ... More >>
For at least one brief, shining moment, the world has stopped going to hell in a handbasket.Against all the forces of dark and evil, against Satan, Pazuzu, Belial and the ACLU, the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals has stood up and declared that the moment of silence in Texas schools is constituti ... More >>
Have you heard about the future according to right-wing freakies Focus on the Family? According to FOF, it will be bleak, full of gays running everything and the Boy Scouts banished from the Earth (along with the Pledge of Allegiance). This is all according to a "Letter from 2012" that Focus p ... More >>


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Traditional music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted by mouth, as music of the lower classes, and as music with unknown composers. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers; another is music that has been transmitted and evolved by a process of oral transmission or performed by custom over a long period of time.
Tagged: Folk Metal Russian Pagan Metal Russian Folk Metal Folk
Fanny Brice
Tagged: 20s 30s Music Hall Jazz Female Vocalists


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November 28, 2014
April 27, 2014
VATICAN CITY (AP) - Two 20th-century popes who changed the course of the Catholic Church have been elevated to sainthood.
Pope Francis has declared John the 23rd and John Paul the Second saints in a historic Vatican ceremony aimed at bringing together the conservative and progressive wings of the church.
Retired Pope Benedict joined Francis on the altar in St. Peter's Square, the first time a reigning and retired pope have celebrated Mass together in public in the 2,000-year history of the church.
An estimated 800,000 people filled the square, the streets around it and bridges over the Tiber River.
John was pope from 1958-1963. He is a hero to liberal Catholics for having convened the Second Vatican Council, which brought changes such as allowing Mass to be celebrated in local languages rather than Latin.
John Paul helped topple communism and invigorated a new generation of Catholics during his quarter-century as head of the church. His defense of core church teaching on abortion, marriage and other hot-button issues heartened conservatives after the turbulent 1960s.
Pope Francis praised both men, John for having called the council and John Paul for helping implement it.
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Working this long with Zend Framework makes me do things that have become a real routine and I don't pay much attention to it. So when I just add few custom routes to my Zend Framework application, I don't make a big fuss out of it. But apparently people do struggle with it. They get messages like this:
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- bad template: this component killed my JA template, actually, it killed my whole site. i need to fix its template which every poor code to make this component usable. their own template looks very bad, poor design, you can see in their demo site.
- when you upload image, the image link turns into weird characters so you can't edit them, there is no way to choose your uploaded images or change the order of your images, you need to upload them in correct order again, so, you waste diskspace and time
- google maps doesn't work functionally, sometimes it only shows a half of the map
- they say they have an "acymailing integration" for newsletter, but, when you create a new deal, a new newsletter is created with deal information in plain text and it looks very bad, there is no template for it, you need to send newsletter manually, there is no auto-newsletter integration there for you to auto send mail to your customers like groupon does
- bad support: i asked question about auto-newsletter, i sent them 6 messages in 3 days but couldn't solve my problem, they didn't understand what i asked because they don't know how to make an integration for auto-newsletter between enmasse and acymailing, or say in another way, they don't know how acymailing's auto-newsletter work, so their "acymailing integration" is really useless, that makes enmasse useless too without an auto-newsletter function
- if you are a guest and you want to buy, you need to register first, if not, the login form will appear instead of a registration form, so you need to register and buy again, it's really inconvenience
- facebook application does nothing, it only list their deals in facebook, when you click buy, it takes you to joomla site, so facebook application is just a deal showcase, not manage buy process, and an important issue, you can access their facebook application without using facebook, because their facebook application is just your joomla site with a facebook component and a template for facebook, that means it could be cached be google and that kills your seo! so who need a facebook application?
1) Hi, in what way is our advertisement misleading? We do have the features that is needed for a groupon site to run.
2) As stated in our website that we only try to be compatible with as many joomla template as possible and we are improving our CSS compatibility with the other Joomla template along the way. For our demo site, please understand that we given access to the users, thus they might messed up things on the website.
3) We have corrected this issue on the URL link to be decoded.
4) Not sure what are you referring to, but the google map is not from our side that is controlling it, if your template or browser has issue in loading up the google map, we could only try our best to look at it to help.
5) We have hear this, but there is limited features with ACYMailer Free edition, thus we are now integrating with MailChimp in the upcoming version to be able to automate the sending of the EDM, but of course, there will be cost involved. You need to invest in the Mailing System so that this can be done.
6) I am sorry for the confusion during the support period, but my guys are trying hard to explain to you on that the ACYMailer Free version, that cannot be done.
7) We have improved the UI on our new Matamko.com website, but we still redirect the user to login with the link to sign up on the top. We will slowly improve our process along the way.
8) The key for the Facebook Application is to drive the traffic to buy at your website, instead of doing the transaction at the Facebook Page. The Application is for those that wants to have the deals listing on their Facebook page to put up. This is the first version of the Facebook application, which many Groupon clone don't have this. Maybe you could share with us more on what you think will be good to have to put on the Facebook Application, thus we will plan that for the improvement. For the SEO, it is a setting that you can control or manage through other plugins, whether you will like the google spider to index your page.
For us we focus in very aggressive doing fast and quick release of features to we keep on improving our product along the way and providing technical support to resolve issues, as there is no perfect system. We hope that we will improve on our product more, I think that key thing that frustrates you is the Mailing system unable to be sending out the EDM automatically, thus you made the comments and to let you know we hear that and we have moved on to integrate with MailChimp, which cost more money, but it allows you to have the choice of automate sending. (Price vs. features)


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NISSEQUOGUE RIVER STATE PARK FOUNDATION INC Overview
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Wendell Tyler
|This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2010)
|Date of birth:
|May 20, 1955
|Place of birth:
|Shreveport, Louisiana
Career information
|Running Back
|5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
|205 lb (93 kg)
|NFL Draft:
|1977 / Round: 3 / Pick 79
|As player:
|Los Angeles Rams
San Francisco 49ers
Career highlights and awards
|Pro Bowls:
Career stats
|Playing stats at NFL.com
Wendell Avery Tyler (born May 20, 1955) is a former professional American football player who was selected by the Los Angeles Rams in the 3rd round of the 1977 NFL Draft. A 5'10", 198 lbs. running back from UCLA, Tyler played in 10 NFL seasons from 1977 to 1986 for the Los Angeles Rams and San Francisco 49ers.[1]
In 1979, he helped lead the Rams to Super Bowl XIV,[2] where they were defeated 31-19 by the Pittsburgh Steelers.[3] In 1984, he rushed for a 49er team record 1,262 yards during the regular season, and also caught 28 passes for 230 yards, was selected to the Pro Bowl, and played in Super Bowl XIX in which the 49ers defeated the Miami Dolphins 38-16. Tyler was the first player ever to lead two different teams in rushing in two different Super Bowls.
College career[edit]
Tyler played running back at UCLA from 1973–1976 and is fifth in career rushing yards for the Bruins, with 3,240 yards. 1976 All-Conference and 3rd team All American, Tyler was on the 1975 UCLA team that won the Pacific-8 Conference and defeated number one ranked Ohio State in the Rose Bowl.
Tyler's son, Marc Tyler was rated by ESPN as the top high school running back in the United States graduating in 2007. Marc played at football powerhouse Oaks Christian High School in Westlake Village, California and played college football for the USC Trojans, the chief rival of his father's alma mater, UCLA.
- ^ "Wendell Tyler". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
- ^ "Tyler Lost?". Reading Eagle. Associated Press. 1980-09-18. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
- ^ "Super Bowl XIV". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
|This biographical article relating to an American football running back born in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
- 1955 births
- Living people
- People from Shreveport, Louisiana
- Sportspeople from Los Angeles, California
- Players of American football from California
- American football running backs
- UCLA Bruins football players
- Los Angeles Rams players
- San Francisco 49ers players
- National Conference Pro Bowl players
- African-American players of American football
- Super Bowl champions
- American football running back, 1950s birth stubs


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Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
What is Enoxaparin?
Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant that helps prevent the formation of blood clots.
Enoxaparin is used to treat or prevent a type of blood clot called deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can lead to blood clots in the lungs (pulmonary embolism). A DVT can occur after certain types of surgery, or in people who are bed-ridden due to a prolonged illness.
Enoxaparin is also used to prevent blood vessel complications in people with certain types of angina (chest pain) or heart attack.
Enoxaparin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
In This Section:
What is the most important information I should know about Enoxaparin?
You should not use this medicine if you have active bleeding, or a low level of platelets in your blood after testing positive for a certain antibody while using enoxaparin.
Enoxaparin can cause a very serious blood clot around your spinal cord if you undergo a spinal tap or receive spinal anesthesia (epidural), especially if you have a genetic spinal defect, a history of spinal surgery or repeated spinal taps, or if you are using other drugs that can affect blood clotting, including blood thinners or NSAIDs (ibuprofen, Advil, Aleve, and others). This type of blood clot can lead to long-term or permanent paralysis.
Get emergency medical help if you have symptoms of a spinal cord blood clot such as back pain, numbness or muscle weakness in your lower body, or loss of bladder or bowel control.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Enoxaparin?
You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to enoxaparin, heparin, benzyl alcohol, or pork products, or if you have:
- active or uncontrolled bleeding; or
- a low level of platelets in your blood after testing positive for a certain antibody while using enoxaparin
Enoxaparin may cause you to bleed more easily, especially if you have:
- a bleeding disorder that is inherited or caused by disease
- hemorrhagic stroke
- an infection of the lining of your heart (also called bacterial endocarditis)
- stomach or intestinal bleeding or ulcer; or
- recent brain, spine, or eye surgery
Enoxaparin can cause a very serious blood clot around your spinal cord if you undergo a spinal tap or receive spinal anesthesia (epidural). This type of blood clot could cause long-term or permanent paralysis, and may be more likely to occur if:
- you have a spinal cord injury
- you have a spinal catheter in place or if a catheter has been recently removed
- you have a history of spinal surgery or repeated spinal taps
- you have recently had a spinal tap or epidural anesthesia
- you are taking an NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)--ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), diclofenac, indomethacin, meloxicam, and others; or
- you are using a blood thinner (warfarin, Coumadin) or other medicines to treat or prevent blood clots
To make sure enoxaparin is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
- kidney or liver disease
- uncontrolled high blood pressure
- eye problems caused by diabetes
- recent stomach ulcer; or
- if you have ever had low blood platelets after receiving heparin
FDA pregnancy category B. Enoxaparin is not expected to harm an unborn baby. However, some forms of this medication contain a preservative that may be harmful to a newborn. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. If you use this medication during pregnancy, make sure your doctor knows if you have a mechanical heart valve.
It is not known whether enoxaparin passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while using this medicine.
How much does Enoxaparin cost?
What conditions might Enoxaparin treat?
|Ratings and Reviews
User ratings on perceived effectiveness
Average of visitor reported ratings on their perceived effectiveness of the drug in question.
Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
Copyright 1996-2014 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 8.02. Revision date: 2013-05-15.
Enoxaparin Side Effects
What are the possible side effects of Enoxaparin?
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; itching or burning skin; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Also seek emergency medical attention if you have symptoms of a spinal blood clot: back pain, numbness or muscle weakness in your lower body, or loss of bladder or bowel control.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
- unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum), bleeding from wounds or needle injections, any bleeding that will not stop
- easy bruising, purple or red pinpoint spots under your skin
- pale skin, feeling light-headed or short of breath, rapid heart rate, trouble concentrating
- black or bloody stools, coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds
- sudden weakness, severe headache, confusion, or problems with speech, vision, or balance; or
- trouble breathing
Common side effects may include:
- nausea, diarrhea
- fever
- swelling in your hands or feet; or
- mild pain, irritation, redness, or swelling where the medicine was injected
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.Back to Top
Copyright 1996-2014 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 8.02. Revision date: 2013-05-15.
Enoxaparin Interactions
What other drugs affect Enoxaparin?
Tell your doctor about all medicines you use, and those you start or stop using during your treatment with enoxaparin, especially other medicines used to treat or prevent blood clots, such as:
- abciximab, anagrelide, cilostazol, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, eptifibatide, ticlopidine, tirofiban
- alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase, urokinase
- apixaban, argatroban, bivalirudin, dabigatran, desirudin, fondaparinux, lepirudin, rivaroxaban, tinzaparin; or
- heparin
This list is not complete. Other drugs may interact with enoxaparin, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide.Back to Top
What should I avoid while taking Enoxaparin?
Avoid activities that may increase your risk of bleeding or injury. Use extra care to prevent bleeding while shaving or brushing your teeth.Back to Top
Copyright 1996-2014 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 8.02. Revision date: 2013-05-15.
Enoxaparin Dosage
In This Section:
How should I take Enoxaparin?
Enoxaparin is usually given every day until your bleeding condition improves. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Enoxaparin is injected under the skin or into a vein through an IV. You may be shown how to use injections at home. Do not self-inject this medicine if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of used needles, IV tubing, and other items used to inject the medicine.
You should be sitting or lying down during the injection. Do not inject enoxaparin into a muscle.
Use a different place on your stomach each time you give an injection under the skin. Your care provider will show you the best places on your body to inject the medication. Do not inject into the same place two times in a row.
Prepare your dose in a syringe only when you are ready to give yourself an injection. Do not mix enoxaparin with other medications in the same IV. Do not use enoxaparin if it has changed colors or has particles in it. Call your pharmacist for new medication.
Use a disposable needle only once. Follow any state or local laws about throwing away used needles and syringes. Use a puncture-proof "sharps" disposal container (ask your pharmacist where to get one and how to throw it away). Keep this container out of the reach of children and pets.
Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using enoxaparin. If you need surgery or dental work, tell the surgeon or dentist ahead of time that you are using this medication.
While using enoxaparin, your blood and your stool (bowel movement) may need to be tested often. Your nerve and muscle function may also need to be tested.
Store enoxaparin vials (bottles) at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Once you have used a vial for the first time, the medicine will keep at room temperature for up to 28 days. Throw away the vial after 28 days have passed since you first used the vial, even if there is still medicine left in it.Back to Top
What happens if I overdose on Enoxaparin?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Overdose may cause excessive bleeding.Back to Top
What happens if I miss a dose of Enoxaparin?
Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.Back to Top
Copyright 1996-2014 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 8.02. Revision date: 2013-05-15.
Enoxaparin Reviews
Copyright © 2014 Everyday Health Media, LLC
About Drugs A-ZDrugs A-Z provides drug information from Everyday Health and our partners, as well as ratings from our members, all in one place. Cerner Multum™ provides the data within most of the Basics, Side Effects, Interactions and Dosage tabs. The information within the Reviews and FAQ tabs is proprietary to Everyday Health.
You can browse Drugs A-Z for a specific prescription or over-the-counter drug or look up drugs based on your specific condition. This information is for educational purposes only, and not meant to provide medical advice, treatment, or diagnosis. Remember to always consult your physician or health care provider before starting, stopping, or altering a treatment or health care regimen.
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text:
For Sale: 2002 28ft Vintage
Ad #182265789 Posted:2014-08-25 07:53:51
This ad has been marked as sold.
Overhead cabinets, Husky box, ProTec security system, trailer door cabinet,air,Mccullock 7800 generator. Everything works but is used. Text me at 803-645-8677
Seller Phone Number: (803) 645-8677
This item is USED
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GRANITEVILLE, SC Get Directions To This City
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Quick Links
Name: Gantenerumab
Synonyms: RO4909832, RG1450
Therapy Type: Immunotherapy (passive) (timeline)
Target Type: Amyloid-Related (timeline)
Condition(s): Alzheimer's Disease
U.S. FDA Status: Alzheimer's Disease (Phase 3)
Company: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hoffmann-La Roche
Gantenerumab is a fully human IgG1 antibody designed to bind with subnanomolar affinity to a conformational epitope on Aβ fibrils. It encompasses both N-terminal and central amino acids of Aβ. The therapeutic rationale for this antibody is that it acts centrally to disassemble and degrade amyloid plaques by recruiting microglia and activating phagocytosis. Gantenerumab preferentially interacts with aggregated brain Aβ, both parenchymal and vascular. The antibody elicits phagocytosis of human Aβ deposits in AD brain slices co-cultured with human macrophages. It also neutralizes oligomeric Aβ42-mediated inhibitory effects on long-term potentiation in rat brains. In APP/PS-1 transgenic mice, gantenerumab binds to cerebral Aβ, reduces small plaques by recruiting microglia, and prevents new plaque formation. Gantenerumab does not alter plasma Aβ (see Bohrmann et al., 2012). It is being studied as a potential combination therapy with the Roche BACE inhibitor RG7129 in mouse models of Aβ amyloidosis (see Apr 2013 news story).
Four Phase 1 trials conducted internationally in a total of 308 patients have tested the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple doses of infused and subcutaneous gantenerumab in healthy controls and people with Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Gantenerumab was generally safe and well-tolerated, but amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are a concern. For example, in one published study, two of six patients in the highest-dose group had focal areas of inflammation or vasogenic edema on MRI scans in brain areas with the most amyloid reduction (see Ostrowitzki et al., 2012). The imaging finding was transient, but ARIA are being monitored closely with MRI in subsequent trials. One dosing study with 16 participants indicated an 11 percent difference in the amount of amyloid change between placebo and the higher dose at six months.
Roche started a Phase 2 trial of doses of 105 or 225 mg of gantenerumab injected subcutaneously once a month into 360 participants, and in 2012 expanded the study to a Phase 2/3 registration trial of 770 people. Called SCarlet RoAD, this is a multinational, 159-center study of gantenerumab's effect on cognition and function in prodromal Alzheimer's disease; it runs for two years but offers the option of an additional two years of treatment. This trial enrolls people aged 50 and older whose memory function tests below normal on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT-IR), whose MMSE is 24 or above, whose CDR is 0.5, and who are positive on amyloid PET. Co-primary endpoints are the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB) and change in brain amyloid levels as measured by PET. The trial included a PET substudy of 90 participants. Outcome data are expected in 2015.
Gantenerumab, together with Eli Lilly's solanezumab, is also being investigated by the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) in a Phase 2/3 trial aimed at preventing dementia in 210 people who are on the path to Alzheimer's disease due to an inherited autosomal-dominant mutation in APP, presenilin-1, or presenilin-2. In an ongoing, two-year phase, the trial is evaluating whether gantenerumab can halt or reverse pathological changes in the preclinical biomarkers known to be present in the trial participants. The trial's subsequent, three-year phase will assess whether such biomarker effects halt the Alzheimer's process, preventing cognitive symptoms (see Oct 2012 news story). For all gantenerumab trials, see clinicaltrials.gov.
Clinical Trial Timeline
- Phase 2/3
- Phase 3
- Study completed / Planned end date
- Planned end date unavailable
- Study aborted
|Clinical Trial
|Hoffmann-La Roche
|Washington University School of Medicine
Comments on this content
No Available Comments
Therapeutics Citations
News Citations
- DIAN Trial Picks Gantenerumab, Solanezumab, Maybe BACE Inhibitor
- First Stab at Combination Therapy Yields Additive Effect
Paper Citations
- Ostrowitzki S, Deptula D, Thurfjell L, Barkhof F, Bohrmann B, Brooks DJ, Klunk WE, Ashford E, Yoo K, Xu ZX, Loetscher H, Santarelli L. Mechanism of Amyloid Removal in Patients With Alzheimer Disease Treated With Gantenerumab. Arch Neurol. 2011 Oct 10; PubMed.


text:
very good ink cartidges, hp c7180 all in one printer
good product fulfilled all my needs to the hilt, i would recommend in the future
I am very happy with the quality and longevity of these printer cartridges. I will definitely order these again!
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The ink cartridges pictured and described lead one to believe it is a refurbished but "original"HP ink cartridge. I received 2 cartridges that are HP but the other 6 (2 black, 4 color) are really cheap looking not HP cartridges-not even good knock offs! I won't even try to use the knockoffs so I guess if it seems too good to be true it probably isn't good. I was leary of ordering such products on this sight but figured for the price I would risk it. Not worth the bother of returning it but to potential future buyers...SAVE YOUR $ FOR THE REAL THING !!!
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** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


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|List A - Z | Top 1000 | Random | Origins
SylvioRate Sylvio: Do you like this name?
Get creative with Sylvio | Add to list (0)
Sylvio meaning and name origin
Sylvio \s(y)-lvio, syl-vio\ as a boy's name has the meaning "woods" and is a variant of Silvanus (Latin): silvanus was the mythological ancient Greek god of trees.
Sylvio has 1 variant form: Silvio.
Sylvio is also pronounced similarly to Salvio.
Popularity of Sylvio
Sylvio is not a popular first name for males and an equally uncommon surname or last name for all people (2000 U.S. Census).
Displayed below is the baby names popularity of Sylvio name for boys (2012 statistics). Compare Sylvio with its variant form and related boy baby names.
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When paramedics found 3-year-old Charlie Brame at her Orlando home Sunday, she had bruises on her back and head, signs of sexual abuse and she could barely breathe.
When paramedics found 3-year-old Charlie Brame at her Orlando home Sunday, she had bruises on her back and head, signs of sexual abuse and she could barely breathe.
The suspect in Saturday's officer-involved shooting near Eustis died Monday at Orlando Regional Medical Center, according to a Lake County Sheriff's Office official.
Investigators have identified a teen boy and man killed in two separate shootings in west Orange County this weekend.
A 56-year-old man carrying a construction barrel walked into traffic on State Road 434 this weekend "for reasons unknown" and was hit by a vehicle, the Longwood Police Department said in a statement.
A Virginia neo-Nazi convicted of threatening local law enforcers after the raid of an Osceola County white-supremacist compound in 2012 was sentenced to more than a decade in federal prison Friday.
A Volusia County convenience store clerk admitted to accidentally shooting a friend Thursday morning while playing with a gun he thought wasn't loaded, a sheriff's spokesman said.
A Lakeland man skateboarding in the road was killed early Saturday after being struck by a vehicle, a Polk County sheriff's spokesman said.
The 18th Judicial Circuit is small. It's made up of Seminole and Brevard counties and has just 43 judges, about 4 percent of the state's total, yet there's one area where it leads the state: Judges formally charged with ethics violations.
A 57-year-old CEO from Windermere was sentenced to 17 years in prison for engineering an elaborate scheme that defrauded investors out of millions, according to the U.S. Attorney's Office.
The leader of a sex-slavery ring from California that forced a teen girl from Orlando into prostitution was sentenced this week to three decades in federal prison.
When Robert Corchado goes to trial in the April hit-and-run crash at Goldenrod Road KinderCare, prosecutors won't be able to tell his jury about another crash months earlier involving illegal drugs, a judge ruled this week.
A young man dressed in black clothing snatched a woman's purse and pushed her to the ground in a hotel parking lot in the tourist district on Tuesday, officials said.
Jamaican restaurant shooter "should be considered armed and dangerous," deputies said.
A man who traveled to Seminole County earlier this year in hopes of having sex with two girls was recently sentenced to 17 years in federal prison.
A South Daytona man who admitted he beat his wife to death was sentenced to life in prison today, WESH.com is reporting.
SANFORD - A jury Thursday evening convicted Anita Smithey of murder for killing her estranged husband while she said he was raping her.
Forty-four people were arrested during a second, calmer night of demonstrations in Ferguson, Missouri, after a grand jury declined to indict a white police officer who fatally shot an unarmed black teenager in August, police said early on Wednesday.
The Environmental Protection Agency is proposing more stringent air quality standards for ground-level ozone, the main culprit in smog, the agency's chief said Wednesday.
Michele Flournoy, a former top Department of Defense official widely tipped as a possible replacement for Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel, has taken herself out of consideration for the job, according to multiple sources familiar with the circumstances.
Darren Wilson is not haunted by Michael Brown's death.
Treacherous weather predicted for the day before Thanksgiving prompted some of the 46.3 million Americans expected to travel this holiday weekend, the year's busiest, to bump their flight and driving plans up to Tuesday.


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Nobody has ever accused the all-new 2013 SRT Viper of being slow, but even with the rebounding economy the high-performance coupe seems to be suffering from slow sales out of the gate. According to Automotive News, the Viper has sold 426 units since it went on sale in February with an additional 565 unsold units sitting around in dealer inventory, which shows that SRT was a little too optimistic in its initial sales expectations for the Viper.
The company was originally hoping to sell around 2,000 Vipers each year, but in light of this inventory excess, SRT is said to be scaling back production of the Viper and reassigning workers (the report says no workers are being laid off) from its Conner Avenue Assembly plant to other plants near Detroit. Sales figures excluded, this is definitely not the start the company was looking for on its revived sports coupe – especially after losing head-to-head track battles with the Chevy Corvette (both the C6 ZR1 and C7 Stingray) in comparison tests.
To help spark sales, SRT boss Ralph Gilles is taking his enthusiasm to dealers in the Southeast next month where customers will have the opportunity to test drive factory-owned Vipers. This comes in response to dealers being reluctant to let too many people test drive the 640-horsepower coupes in their inventory.


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For about a decade Michael Bloomberg's administration fought the Central Park Five wrongful imprisonment lawsuits. When Bill de Blasio campaigned to replace Bloomberg as mayor, he vowed to end the fight and reach a "swift settlement" with the men. Then he took office and months went by and there was ... More >>
In 1989, our racially divided city was in an uproar over what happened to the Central Park jogger, a woman who was raped and beaten while running in the park one evening. Five Harlem teens were convicted after much coercing, manipulating, threatening, and lying on the part of homicide detectives. ... More >>
After we noted yesterday some gay-friendly endorsements in the Manhattan D.A.'s race, the office of candidate Leslie Crocker-Snyderr (pictured) notified us that she'd just received the backing of bigtime gay activist and writer David Mixner, who says she "has by far the longest and best recor ... More >>
At a luncheon for the Septima winery's new vintages at La Fonda del Sol today, food and wine writer Sharon Kapnick reached into her roomy handbag and produced a folded piece of colorful high quality-stock paper. She unfolded it to reveal the surprise: a vintage menu from the original restaurant date ... More >>
Report and Hearing Mean More Status Quo
Bookstore Protest for Central Park Prosecutor
When Justice Is a Game
Prosecutor Linda Fairstein May Have Tried Too Hard
"Im What They Call a 'Pushy Bottom'"
Report Charges Police Insensitivity to Sexual-Assault Victims
City Prosecutors Target Romantics Gone Wrong


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Mobile Advertising: 5 Things You Need to Know to Succeed in 2010
Kevin Nakao is VP of Mobile & Business Search for Whitepages.com, a Top 50 Web and Mobile Publisher. You can find him on Twitter, and on the Whitepages Blog where he writes about mobile, local search, and social media. According to AdMob, iPhone and Android users now account for 82% of US mobile web traffic. Clearly, the two platforms have radically changed the marketplace.


text:
Henry VIII's second wife, Anne Boleyn, had six fingers on her right hand and is often described as having three breasts, though more prudish sources refer to the extra one as a cyst on her neck.
After Anne Boleyn was executed in 1536, her heart was stolen. It was discovered exactly 300 years later, buried under a church organ in Suffolk.
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