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Favorite Street Food Worldwide
- Passadumkeg May 17, 2009 05:24 AM
I love street food. Hot dog cart, taco trucks, fry shacks; you name it, I love it. What are your favorites and where?
Some of mine: Taco trucks in Austin, in search of the holy pastor; fry shacks here in Maine for the perfect full-bellied fried clam; hot dog wagons in the east; hot dogs in Norway w/ a heaping mound of shrimp salad, shrimp stands for a cone full of sweet North Atlantic shrimp; sausage wagons in Helsinki for a liha piraka w/ 2 nakki ( a meat filled deep fried dough cut open on the end and stuffed w/ 2 hot dogs); road side pork sandwiches, anticuchos (bbq chicken hearts), grilled iguana and chicha in Bolivia; fish and chips in the old newspaper cone in the UK; blatidos, cerviche and chicharone in Costa Rica; and gyros anywhere. And more I can't remember. I can't wait for Korea this summer!
you're a well traveled chowhound, passa! didn't know street food was big in norway. thought it'd be too cold for street vendors to stay outside, for much of the year.
a few of mine:
-- xiamen spring rolls (non fried rice crepes filled with julienned cucumber, herbs, pork, sometimes oysters) in xiamen, china
-- jiang bing (millet flour crepes with a lightly scrambled egg, cilantro, chives, brown sauce, rolled around a crispy cracker) in shanghai
-- takoyaki in osaka
-- curry wurst in berlin
-- hainanese chicken rice in singapore
-- halal chicken rice in nyc
-- bhel poori from a chaatwallah in delhi
-- aloo tikki, fresh fried, at a stand set off from a deserted stretch of beach in goa
-- farinata in rome (it's actually a northern italian specialty, but the first time I tried it was in rome)
... and finally, two food items that are common around the world: french fries and grilled corn. i've had them everywhere from baja california to chennai and they were almost always wonderful.
re: cimui
BBQ chicken on a stick & sticky rice in Laos
Sausage or dried beef & sticky rice, Laos
Breakfast tamales in Mexico & Guatemala
Tacos at night in Mexico
Chicken piri piri on a stick in Mozambique
Banh mi in southern Vietnam
Saise in Tarija, Bolivia
Balut and BBQ chicken feet, Philippines
Deep fried sparrow & grilled rice field rat, Burma
Mutton on a stick & flatbread, outside of Lahore
Hot dogs, Ottawa
raw oysters in the latin qrt of Paris
conck salad or fritters in bahamas
beinets in New Orleans
Peking: muslim lamb skewers
Chengdu: skewers anything really
Lhasa and other Tibetan enclaves in China: chips/fries, spiced (savoury) flat breads over coals
Vietnam: just about anything really. i love it!
Bolivia: salteñas!!!
Germany: nothing is above the glorious bratwurst [however, in Munich... leberkaes on keizer roll]
Portugal: porkchop in a roll/bun from the trailer at the beach.
Belgian coast: whelk soup in a styrofoam cup. [and of course real chips which were actually invented by the Belgs]
HK: skewered beef or fishballs
can no longer remember Malaysia and Singapore street food but then i don't think there's any real street food in SIN.
can't wait until december!
re: Pata_Negra
I thought of saltenas, but I always ate them in a cafe w/ a good cup of coffee.
Nathan's hot dogs and wursts in NYC (chestnuts too).
Meat on a stick in Seoul & fried grubs.
Frito pies in the bag in New Mexico
Lobster, crab, clam, shrimp and scallop rolls here in Maine.
re: Pata_Negra
the hawker's market in Singapore, it may not be "on the street" but it seems to qualify to me... or is it not there any more?
I love sausages.
Kasekrainer in Vienna. Interestingly, there was a kasekrainer stand in the middle of Singapore's Chinatown. Kasekrainer and a chilled young coconut is a great combo!
Taiwanese sausages. Either the simple ones you eat with a few pieces of raw garlic or the ones they score and then cover in minced raw garlic.
re: Passadumkeg
I was wondering the same thing about tapas in a bar. I was also wondering, does food eaten at various outdoor markets count? Such as the Boquieria in Barcelona, or various outdoor markets in France? I do a lot of eating in markets.
Falafel, döner, or shawarma pita in Berlin. Currywurst is a distant second.
Any grilled skewer or soup from a soup vendor in Bangkok.
Vlaamse frites w/oorlog sauce in Amsterdam.
Bocadillos in Valencia, Spain.
Baguette w/good fromage in France.
Pizza slices in Italy.
Souvlaki on small wooden skewers in Greece.
One of those breakfast sammiches from the lunch carts in Philly.
Kenya - grilled corn and cassava with lemon, chilli and salt
India - pani puri served on those minute silver dishes and hot pau bhaji, smashed up on a huge tawa in front of your eyes
Singapore - ehole deep fried king prawns with their own unique chilli paste
Belgium - deep fried donuts covered in sugar crystals
Thailand - pad thai of a cart on Khao san road, with any added condiment you can name
South Africa - bratwirst with roasted twisted bread to wrap it in
Turkey - fresh steamed mussels with lemon
Rio - ice cold fresh cocunuts and street side capiringha's
re: Kelli2006
"I need to travel with Sam because he always seems to have best lists."
amen that that! not to mention he can speak a lot of languages!
i have to confess that i've actually thought about roasting central park rats on a kebab stick after reading sam's reports of grilled rice field rats in burma. his descriptions make me drool.
Crepes from the Paris vendors
Pan Bagnat sandwiches from any small sandwich vendor in France
Churros from the old guy in the square in Bucerias, Mexico
Boiled corn painted with mayo and cheese from the corn lady in the same town
German pretzels with a slab of unsalted butter in Germany
Grattons de Lyon in Lyon, France
Old Country Sausage Hotdogs from the vendors in Winnipeg
street tacos in Bucerias
re: salsailsa
definitely Crepes in Paris - marron (chestnut and cream) is my fave
falafel in Israel
chips in Belgium or Holland with mayo
English chips with vinegar
a sandwich from Pret a Manger or Marks and Spencers in the UK
hot dog in NYC
Doughnuts on a pier in the UK
Funnel cakes and chili fries at a county fair
Arbroath Smokies in Arbroath Scotland - smoked in people's garages and sheds
Getting harder to find real old kine lunch wagon's in Honolulu, but Tsukenjo's Roast Pork from the red truck is hard to beat for plate lunch.
Many years ago I had souvlaki gyros in Athens, carved right off a spit... those were great.
ok, here goes:
1. Okinomi dog from Japadog in Vancouver B.C.
2. Super authentic tacos from a taco truck in Raleigh North Carolina. We were playing ultimate out in this park, when the Mexican soccer players suddenly stopped their game in the next field over and flocked in front of a taco truck. A bunch of us stopped playing, looked at each other and ran over to join them. Good call.
3. The original Blooming Onion truck in Ottawa, Ontario. That was a fine Blooming Onion.
4. Pa Jon (sea food and green onion pancake) in some small park in Korea, next to lava formations on a beach.
5. Freshly harvested abalone and various shell fish served raw with garlic and chili pepper sauce on a beach on Je Ju Do. This was offered by some of the famous women divers of this island, who had just harvested these shellfish that morning.
6. Pork neck bone soup from one of many vendors in Nam Dae Mun market, Seoul Korea.
7. Boqueria Market, Barcelona, Spain. Where do I start? Espresso, torta espagnole, fresh local mushrooms sauteed in butter and garlic, fresh cigale, also in butter garlic and parsley, various pastries, sandwiches of jamon iberico, candied fruit.
8. A small street market in Paris: the most delicious pickled cherry pepper stuffed with cheese.
9. Carrboro Market, North Carolina: Sweet potato pie from Miss Louise, heirloom tomatoes, fresh goat cheese spreads, divine peaches.
10. Jean-Talon Market, Montreal: spit-roasted lamb sandwiches with a spicy moroccan sauce, bison ribs and thin cut fried potato slices (not quite a chip, not quite a fry), fried fish and scallops with tartare sauce, freshly fried bhaji with tamarind sauce, crepes sweet and savoury (my favorite: classic ham, cheese and bechamel sauce), maple syrup candies, apple cider, polish donuts (pazcki) filled with apricot jam, and blood orange ice cream from Havres aux Glaces.
11. Roasted chestnuts in NYC in December. Various Middle Eastern lamb dishes from countless trucks in NYC.
12. Beaver tails while skating on Rideau Canal in Ottawa (my original exposure to this treat)
13. Giovanni's shrimp truck on Oahu - still dreaming about those shrimp!
14. Poutine from Patates Rollant in Trois Rivieres, Quebec.
15. Anticuchos and some deep fried dough dessert at a Peruvian festival in Montreal.
re: linguafood
Beaver tails are essentially a flat, fried bread (beaver tail shaped) served with cinnamon and sugar or a variety of other toppings.
re: moh
Somehow when I saw the lamb sandwiches at the Jean Talon market, I knew it was you, moh, even before scrolling down the page! I love the merguez sandwiches and fried eperlans from there. And you're lucky to have had fresh, raw abalone from Korea!
This is a great list thread that invokes fond memories, as well as gives inspiration on what to look forward to in future trips!
Among ones I can recall:
- beignets and poboy sandwiches in New Orleans
- takoyaki in Osaka, where they make them fresh and you have to endure a long lineup for them
- Beard Papa cream puffs in Japan, another excuse to line up!
- freshly grilled mochi on a stick in the middle of winter, somewhere in Japan I cannot recall
- ice-cream mochi from the vending machines in Japan
- hotdogs loaded with all-you-can-stuff condiments, including pickled corn and fried onions, at particular stands in Toronto.
- hotdogs in Paris -- in a baguette and very filling! Also, the giant crepes stuffed with spicy beef and egg, in the Marais in Paris
- chestnuts roasted in the fire built from giant cans and shopping carts etc., when they are in season in France
- hot, stinky deep-fried beancurd, with the proper three sauces, in Hong Kong. In fact, many other street foods in that city, too many to mention -- egg-shaped waffles, mini greasy, chewy siu mai on a stick, and flour crepes filled with a big crunchy, honey-comb-shaped chunk of pulled sugar, to name a few
- perfectly hot, crispy and gooey poutine from the truck in Ottawa, off some tourist area. Strangely I couldn't find anything as good in Montreal!
Making myself salivate now. I suppose I will not include the ones not really intended for consumption on the street, because there would be many more.
re: tarteaucitron
More, more, we want more! Poutine, yes! Oyster po' boys, yes!
Fish tacos in California!
Migra tacos in Juarez for breakfast, tamales before bed.
re: tarteaucitron
It has been good to see your posts on the board recently Tarteaucitron! I assume all is going well for you!
I do really love the corn relish the Toronto hot dog vendors provide, those dogs should be on my list as well.
I wish I had seen mochi of all sorts as street food. I love mochi, but have only had its various incarnations as restaurant food. Same for beignets and poboys...
Fish and chips in Britain
BBQ'd corn cobs in Cyprus
Chips with peanut satay sauce in Flemish Belgium
"Stuff" from New York street carts
Roasted chestnuts anywhere
Bratwurst at the Manchester "European Christmas Market"
re: CindyJ
A 40= year tradition of mine has ti have a hot dog w/ kraut and a brewski on the Staten Island Ferry. I used to treat dates to this in high school. Last summer my son and I had this treat on the way in to Manhatten for breakfast, a noodle shop and more beer for lunch and an expensive nap at Phantom of the Opera w/ my eldest son and his wife afterward.
Holly(eats) is my hero!
Ditto the chicken rice in either Singapore or Malaysia. If I'm on a desert island and could choose only one dish, that might be it. Also char kway teow and roti canai. and Singaporean oyster omelets. Oh, and murtabak, both savory and sweet.
In Indonesia, satay (I like Indonesian satay much better than other countries'), gado gado, nasi goreng, bakmi goreng, eis kachang. '
Mexico: tamales, mushroom empanadas, chilaquiles, passionfruit nieves, agua frescas, horchata.
Austria/Germany: heise wurst, naturlich!


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Creamy Crunchy Pea Salad
I like this tasty side dish since there's not much chopping involved. Vary the type of nuts to suit your family's taste.—Leann Jasper, Newmarket, Ontario
6-8 Servings
Prep/Total Time: 10 min.
1 package (16 ounces) frozen peas, thawed
1 cup chopped cauliflower
1 cup diced celery
1 cup slivered almonds
1/4 cup sliced green onions
1 cup ranch salad dressing
1/2 cup sour cream
1/2 teaspoon dill weed
1/4 teaspoon salt
1/8 teaspoon pepper
Lettuce leaves, optional
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U.S. Sen. David Vitter will answer questions on Facebook tomorrow about what the senator is calling an immigration crisis.
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Texas congressman Louie Gohmert is usually good for a sound byte or two (or three, or four ...), and he gave us another one Tuesday when, with C-SPAN cameras rolling, he said the influx of immigrants at the border amounted to a war on women. Gohmert said the "criminal aliens" had "committed at leas ... More >>
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Sustainability 2013, 5(11), 4637-4652; doi:10.3390/su5114637
Published: 5 November 2013
Abstract: Cycle time reduction plays an important role in improving the competitiveness and sustainability of a semiconductor manufacturer. However, in the past, cycle time reduction was usually unplanned owing to the lack of a systematic and quantitative procedure. To tackle this problem, a systematic procedure was established in this study for planning cycle time reduction actions to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of a semiconductor manufacturer. First, some controllable factors that are influential to the job cycle time are identified. Subsequently, the relationship between the controllable factors and the job cycle time is fitted with a back propagation network. Based on this relationship, actions to shorten the job cycle time can be planned. The feasibility and effectiveness of an action have to be assessed before it can be taken in practice. An example containing the real data of hundreds of jobs has been used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. In addition, the financial benefits of the cycle time reduction action were analyzed, which provided the evidence that the proposed methodology enabled the sustainable development of the semiconductor manufacturer, since capital adequacy is very important in the semiconductor manufacturing industry.
1. Introduction
The cycle time (flow time, or manufacturing lead time) of a job is the time required for the job to go through the factory. Shortening the job cycle time is very important for a factory, at least for the following reasons:
- (1)
Each job represents an opportunity cost for the factory. A long cycle time means it is difficult to convert the opportunity cost into profits in the short term.
- (2)
Long job cycle times result in the accumulation of work-in-progress (WIP), which makes the shop floor management a challenging task.
- (3)
In a semiconductor manufacturing factory, the risk that a wafer is contaminated increases if the cycle time is long.
These issues are related with cycle time, cost, and yield (i.e., product quality). In fact, the three factors are not only the keys to the competitiveness of a semiconductor manufacturer [1,2,3], but also decisive factors for the sustainability of the semiconductor manufacturer. The conclusions of some relevant studies on the competitiveness and sustainability of a semiconductor manufacturer were summarized in Table 1. In the past, support from the government enabled the continued growth of semiconductor manufacturers in some regions, such as Taiwan and South Korea. After such support disappears, how to continue to maintain competitiveness and sustainability becomes a big problem. For example, not being able to push costs down further has forced many dynamic random access memory (DRAM) manufacturers to exit the market. The survived continue to reduce the job cycle time, so as to respond more quickly to changes in customer demand, and thus gain a competitive advantage [4]. A shorter job cycle time also means it is possible to commit an attractive due date to the customer. That helps to expand the market share and to ensure sustainability.
|Table 1. Conclusions of some relevant studies on the competitiveness and sustainability of a semiconductor manufacturer.
|Armstrong [5]
|Four principles for competitive semiconductor manufacturing were proposed.
|Jenkins et al. [6]
|The importance of quality is stressed.Quality should be designed into products and processes.
|Fulcher [7]
|The accuracy of forecasting technology trends and emerging markets is important to the competitiveness of a semiconductor manufacturer.
|Leachman [8]
|Factors that influence competitive semiconductor manufacturing (CSM) were identified.
|Peng and Chien [1]
|Shortening cycle time, producing high-quality products, on-time delivery of orders, continual cost reductions, and improving efficiency were considered as the most direct and effective ways to create value for customers.
|Walsh et al. [9]
|The competitiveness and sustainability of a semiconductor manufacturer are closely related.
|Liao and Hu [10]
|Knowledge management is a decisive factor for a semiconductor manufacturer to develop and maintain its competitive advantage.
|Chen [2]
|Allocating more factory capacity to a product can change the yield learning process and enhance the competitiveness.
|Chien and Zheng [11]
|A semiconductor manufacturer has to constantly develop and employ the latest technology to maintain a competitive advantage.
|Nakagawa et al. [12]
|Distributors can create good cooperation and collaboration by mediates between semiconductor manufacturers and user companies.
|Chen [3]
|Cost competitiveness is a subjective concept that can be modeled with a fuzzy value.The long-term competitiveness can be assessed by observing the trend in the mid-term competitiveness.
|Chen and Wang [13]
|Productivity is crucial to the competitiveness of a semiconductor manufacturer.The long-term competitiveness is the key to the sustainability of a factory.
However, in the past, cycle time reduction was usually unplanned owing to the lack of a systematic and quantitative procedure. To tackle this problem, this study aims to establish a systematic procedure for planning cycle time reduction actions to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of a semiconductor manufacturer (see Figure 1). To this end, a four-step procedure is followed:
- (1)
Identify factors that are influential to the job cycle time and are controllable: The cycle time of a job is subject to capacity constraints, the factory congestion level, the quality of job scheduling, and many other factors [14]. However, these factors must be operable to be useful, and this step is to adjust such operable factors so that the job cycle time can be shortened.
- (2)
Fit the relationship between the controllable factors and the job cycle time: The existing methods for fitting the relationship between the controllable factors and the job cycle time can be divided into several categories: probability-based statistical methods, case-based reasoning (CBR), artificial neural networks (ANNs), simulation, and hybrid approaches. A recent literature review on these methods can be seen in Chen and Wang [15]. In this study, an ANN is used. A number of studies have shown that linear methods are incapable of estimating the job cycle time [4]. Nonlinear method, such as ANNs, are more appropriate to estimate the job cycle time.
- (3)
Plan actions to shorten the job cycle time: We can take actions to change the attributes and processing order of a job, or the size of the storage area to adjust the values of the controllable factors, which shortens the job cycle time according to the mechanism fitted in (2). In addition, adopting a more effective scheduling rule has also been shown to shorten the cycle time [16]; however, it requires extensive and time-consuming evaluation, usually after a series of simulation experiments.
- (4)
Assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an action: We can compare the new values of the controllable factors to those that have been used in the past to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an action. To this end, two indexes, based on the mean absolute percentagedeviation (MAPD) between the target values and the historical/original values, have been proposed.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 is divided into four parts; each of them details a step of the proposed methodology. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology, a real case from a semiconductor manufacturing factory is used. Based on the application results, the advantages and/or disadvantages of the proposed methodology are discussed. Based on them, some points are concluded. At last, some directions for future exploration are also given in the last section.
2. Methodology
The proposed methodology includes the following steps, as illustrated in Figure 2.
2.1. Identify Controllable Factors Influential to the Job Cycle Time
The first step of model building often consists of selecting a parsimonious set of independent variables from a pool of candidate independent variables. There are a number of factors that are influential to the job cycle time. These factors can be divided into the following categories [14,17]:
- (1)
WIP in the factory: As the monthly capacity of a semiconductor manufacturing factory is normally fixed, the WIP in the factory is usually determined by the release plan. However, after receiving an order, a foundry has to release the corresponding jobs into the factory as soon as possible. For this reason, the release plan and WIP are not under the control of a foundry.
- (2)
The workload of a factory, which can be measured in terms of the utilization of the bottleneck machines in the factory.
- (3)
The queue lengths before machines, especially bottleneck machines, which is one of the main factors leading to a long cycle time. The queue length before a machine depends on the good, or bad, of the scheduling performance, and can be controlled by adjusting the buffer size before the machine.
- (4)
Job attributes: The size, priority, and total processing time of a job directly affects the job's cycle time. In addition, the number of re-entrances to machines is proportional to the number of times that a job is queued, and therefore is also a decisive factor to the job's cycle time.
- (5)
Lateness information: The lateness of some recently completed jobs is information of great reference value for estimating the job cycle time.
- (6)
Worker productivity, which usually follows a learning process. Despite the short-term productivity can be enhanced through incentives or rewards, the long-term trend is very difficult to change. A detailed discussion on this can be seen in Chen and Wang [13].
To select from these candidate independent variables, stepwise and backward elimination are two common statistical techniques in regression analysis. However, Li [18] has shown that backward elimination is slightly better than stepwise elimination. For this reason, backward elimination is applied in this study to filter out the decisive factors to estimate the job cycle time:
- (1)
Start with all candidate variables.
- (2)
Test the deletion of each variable to optimize a fitness indicator, e.g., F-test, t-test, adjusted R2, Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, Mallows's Cp, and false discovery rate.
- (3)
Delete the variable that can improve the fitness most.
- (4)
Repeat this process until no further improvement can be achieved.
2.2. Fit the Relationship between the Controllable Variables and the Job Cycle Time
In a wafer fabrication factory, the relationship between the controllable factors and the job cycle time is undoubtedly nonlinear [4]. BPN is a well-known tool for fitting nonlinear relationships, so is a very good choice to fit the relationship.
In the proposed methodology, a BPN is established to fit the relationship between the controllable variables and the job cycle time. The configuration of the BPN is as follows (see Figure 3):
- (1)
Network inputs: Inputs to the BPN are the values of the K controllable factors, indicated with xjk , k = 1–K. However, the values of these attributes have to be normalized to be within 0.1–0.9 to facilitate the following computation [19].
- (2)
Hidden layers: Only a single hidden layer is used. The number of nodes in the hidden layer is 2K.
- (3)
Activation/transformation function: For the input layer, the linear activation function keeping the inputted value is used.f(xjk) = xjk
- (4)
while for the other layers, the hyperbolic tangent sigmoid function is used, and the output ranges from 0 to 1:
- (5)
Network output (oj): the estimated cycle time of job j.
- (6)
Training method: There are several methods for training a BPN, such as the gradient descent algorithm, the conjugate gradient algorithm, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and others. The gradient descent algorithm is slow, while the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm may over-fit for the testing data [20]. In this study, the gradient descent algorithm is applied.
- (7)
Learning rate (η): 0.1.
- (8)
Number of epochs: 15000.
- (9)
Convergence criteria: The BPN training stops if mean squared error (MSE) falls below 10−5 or 15000 epochs have been run:
Inputs to the BPN are directly passed to the inputs nodes. After being weighted, they are passed to each hidden-layer node, summed, compared with the threshold on the node, and transformed. Finally, the output from the hidden-layer node is generated as
After comparing the network output with the actual cycle time, the estimation error can be derived. The gradient descent algorithm passes the estimation error backward to adjust the thresholds and connection weights in an iterative manner:
2.3. Plan Actions to Shorten the Job Cycle Time
There are many references to provide evidence that various actions can be taken to shorten the job cycle time. Ng et al. [21] identified factors in the purchasing and transportation processes that influence a firm's ability to reduce the cycle time. Browning [22] discussed some of the challenges that impede efforts to reduce the job cycle time, including inefficient distribution of personnel and resources, unstable product requirements, the existence of long and various activity pipelines, lack of activity coordination, highly interdependent or coupled activities, and overly ambitious initial schedules. Seth and Gupta [23] proved that value stream mapping (VSM) is effective in identifying and eliminating wastes in a factory with similar or identical product routings, which also helps to shorten the job cycle time. Better scheduling rules have been shown to reduce the job cycle time in simulation experiments [16,24]; however, a long period of evaluation and system adjustments needs to be gone through before the new scheduling rule to be fully online. Nazzal et al. [25] tried to quantify the economic impact of reducing the job cycle time. First, the bottleneck machines in a semiconductor manufacturing factory that have a significant impact on the job cycle time were identified. Then, the production capacities of the bottleneck machines were increased. However, capacity expansion is a time-consuming task, and requires the cooperation of equipment suppliers.
In short, the following actions may reduce the job cycle time, and are relatively easy to take:
- (1)
Lower the WIP level in the factory: The most effective way to lower the WIP level in a factory is through capacity expansion; however, that is not easy except for a new factory. Another solution is to slow down the pace at which new jobs are released into the factory. However, that is difficult sometimes, especially in a foundry. An alternative is to accelerate the progresses of jobs that are almost done.
- (2)
Shorten the queue lengths, especially before bottleneck machines: The performance of a manufacturing system is usually determined by bottleneck machines. For this reason, bottleneck machines are usually the targets of improvement. However, bottlenecks may shift, and therefore should be detected continuously. The queue lengths before bottleneck machines can be shortened by controlling the outputs from the upstream machines. However, a semiconductor manufacturing factory is a reentrant production system, in which downstream machines may become upstream machines, and vice versa. In addition, narrowing the buffer space can achieve a similar effect. Scheduling using some fluctuation smoothing rules was also shown to be helpful for this purpose [26].
- (3)
Control the delay of jobs: A delayed job means it spent more time than expected in the semiconductor manufacturing factory. Within this extra time, the job continues to compete for the capacities, and to join the queues before machines, thus lengthening the cycle times of the other jobs. For this reason, controlling the delay of jobs is a critical task. To this end, one approach is to accelerate the progresses of jobs that are almost late. In addition, the job size is inversely proportional to the required setups, and is also influential to the cycle time and delay [27]. Therefore, changing the job size may help to control the delay [28,29,30]
The corresponding actions in these categories were summarized in Table 2.
However, Browning [22] warned that many seemingly feasible cycle time reduction solutions have adverse side effects. Therefore, any cycle time reduction action must pass the feasibility assessment, as described in the next section.
|Table 2. Some possible actions for reducing the job cycle time.
|Possible Actions
|Lower the WIP level in the factory
|Capacity expansion
|Slow down the pace of releasing new jobs
|Lower the factory utilization
|Accelerate jobs that are almost done
|Shorten the queue lengths, especially before bottleneck machines
|Narrow the buffer size
|Control the outputs from the upstream machines
|Schedule using fluctuation smoothing rules
|Control the delay of jobs
|Accelerate jobs that are almost late
|Reduce the job size
2.4. Assess the Feasibility and Effectiveness of An Action
A cycle time reduction action is feasible if
- (1)
The target values of the controllable variables have been used in the past, or at least are close to those used in the past. To guarantee this, the mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) between the target values and the historical values has to be less than a threshold θ1:
- (2)
Setting the controllable variables to the target values can indeed reduce the job cycle time, according to the BPN estimate.
- (3)
The realizability of the cycle time reduction action has been approved by the relevant production control engineer.
In addition, a feasible cycle time reduction action is effective if it minimizes the MAPD between the target values and the original values of the controllable variables:
3. Illustrative Examples
To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, the data of 120 jobs from a semiconductor manufacturing factory have been collected, including the attributes and cycle time of each job, the factory conditions when each job was released into the factory, and delay-related information (see Table 3). Except the cycle time, which is the dependent variable, all the other variables were filtered to remove uncontrollable ones.
|Table 3. The collected variables.
|Job Attributes
|Job size
|Cycle time
|Number of steps
|Number of reentraces
|Total processing time
|Due date
|Factory Conditions
|Factory WIP when a job is released
|Factory utilization of the day before a job is released
|Queue length before bottleneck machines when a job is released
|Queue length on the processing route of a job when the job is released
|Delay-related Information
|Waiting time
After backward elimination of regression analysis, six controllable variables that were the most influential for the job cycle time were determined as: xj1–the job size, xj2–factory WIP, xj3–the queue length before the bottleneck, xj4–the queue length on the route, xj5–the average waiting time, and xj6–factory utilization, as shown in Table 4. The fitted regression equation is aj = −373 + 5.273xj1 + 1.834xj2 + 1.220xj3 – 1.853xj4 +0.080xj5 + 286xj6. R2 = 0.73 and adjusted R2 = 0.72. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results are shown in Table 5.
|Table 4. The six controllable variables.
|xj1 (pieces)
|xj2 (jobs)
|xj3 (jobs)
|xj4 (jobs)
|xj5 (hrs)
|aj (hrs)
|Table 5. ANOVA results.
|Degree of freedom
Subsequently, the values of the six controllable variables were normalized to 0.1–0.9 (see Table 6). Then, a BPN was established to fit the relationship between the job cycle time and the six controllable variables. The BPN has a single hidden layer with 12 nodes, and was trained with 3/4 of the collected data using the gradient descent algorithm. The remaining 1/4 were reserved for evaluating the performance of the BPN. BPN training stopped if the MSE was less than 10−5 or 15000 epochs have been run. To visualize the relationship, it was projected down to the three-dimensional space, as shown in Figure 4
|Table 6. The normalized values of the six controllable variables.
Finally, the BPN can be used to estimate the cycle time with any setting of the six controllable variables.
3.1. Example 1
If the job size = 25 pieces, factory WIP = 1246 jobs, the queue length before the bottleneck = 170 jobs, the queue length on the route = 726 jobs, the average waiting time = 243 h, and factory utilization = 89%, then the estimated cycle time is 1665 h.
In addition, we can assess the effectiveness of a cycle time reduction action.
3.2. Example 2
In the previous example, if factory WIP, the queue length before the bottleneck, and the queue length on the route can all be reduced by 5%, i.e.,
factory WIP = 1183 jobs;
the queue length before the bottleneck = 161 jobs;
the queue length on the route = 690 jobs;
then the estimated cycle time can be shortened from 1665 hours to 1586 hours, with a reduction of 4.75%.
Further, it is also possible to develop an action to achieve the cycle time improvement target.
3.3. Example 3
In the previous example, if the cycle time is to be improved by 7%, by lowering the WIP level in the factory, then the factory WIP should be reduced from 1246 jobs to 1208 jobs, which is equal to a percentage of 3.1%.
There are a number of possible actions that may achieve the cycle time reduction target. For example, in the previous example, five such actions are listed in Table 7. However, not all of them are feasible, or even effective. To assess the feasibility of each action, the mean absolute percentage deviation between the target values and the historical values, MAPDh, has to be less than a threshold θ1 that was set to 4%. The assessment results were summarized in Table 8. Among the five actions, only three of them were feasible. Subsequently, the most effective cycle time reduction action is the feasible one that minimizes the mean absolute percentage deviation between the target values and the original values of the controllable variables, i.e., MAPDo. The results are shown in Table 9. Obviously, the most effective action is action #2 in this example. Subsequently, the conclusion was handed over to a production control engineer to be confirmed. The confirmation results were shown in Table 10. The expert believed that the proposed action was basically feasible.
The financial benefits of the cycle time reduction action can be described by the following analysis. The factory releases about 30,000 pieces of wafers per month. The unit cost of each finished wafer is about $17000. Therefore, the opportunity cost of a wafer in progress can be approximated as 17000/2 = 8500 dollars per day, assuming it is half-finished. A reduction of 7% in the cycle time is about five days. In total, the annual savings of the opportunity costs by the cycle time reduction action is about 8500 × 30,000 × 12 × 5 = 15.3 billion dollars. As capital adequacy is very important for a semiconductor manufacturer, we believe such benefits can improve the sustainable development of the semiconductor manufacturer.
|Table 7. Five possible actions to achieve a cycle time reduction of 7%.
|Action #
|Estimated Cycle time Reduction
|Reduce factory WIP by 3.1%
|Reduce the job size by 8%
|Reduce factory WIP by 1%
|Reduce the queue length before the bottleneck by 3%
|Reduce the queue length on the route by 3%
|Reduce the average waiting time by 3%
|Reduce the job size by 4%
|Reduce the queue length before the bottleneck by 8%
|Reduce the average waiting time by 31%
|Reduce factory utilization by 8%
|Reduce the job size by 4%%
|Reduce factory WIP by 4%
|Reduce the queue length before the bottleneck by 4%
|Reduce the queue length on the route by 9%,
|Reduce the average waiting time by 59%
|Reduce factory utilization by 3%
|Reduce the job size by 8%
|Increase factory WIP by 2%
|Reduce the queue length before the bottleneck by 4%
|Reduce the queue length on the route by 6%
|Reduce the average waiting time by 14%
|Reduce factory utilization by 1%
|Table 8. The feasibility assessment results.
|Action #
|Table 9. The effectiveness evaluation results.
|Action #
|Most effective
|Table 10. The confirmation results.
|Confirmation Result
|Reduce the queue length before the bottleneck by 3%
|It can be taken, but will it lead to a reduction in the factory monthly output?
|Reduce the queue length on the route by 3%
|It can be taken by controlling the inputs to the route.
|Reduce the average waiting time by 3%
|It is a good direction, but unsure how to take.
4. Conclusions and Future Research Directions
Enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability has been pursued by every semiconductor manufacturer. A key to this is the production cycle time. Shortening the production cycle time improves the responsiveness to customer demands, and leads to significant profits from yield improvement and cost reduction. However, in the past, cycle time reduction is usually unplanned owing to the lack of a systematic and quantitative procedure. To tackle this problem, a systematic procedure was established in this study for planning cycle time reduction actions to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of a semiconductor manufacturer. First, some controllable factors that are influential to the job cycle time are identified. Subsequently, the relationship between the controllable factors and the job cycle time is fitted with a BPN. Based on this relationship, actions to shorten the job cycle time can be planned. The feasibility and effectiveness of an action have to be assessed before it is taken in the practice.
An example containing the real data of hundreds of jobs has been used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. The results showed that the proposed methodology is indeed an easy-to-use and efficient procedure. It guided the planning of cycle time reduction step by step, and was also able to list a number of possible solutions to choose from. That provides much flexibility in practice. Further, from the financial analysis, the value of the cycle time reduction action to the sustainable development of the semiconductor manufacturer is even more obvious, since semiconductor manufacturing is a burning-money industry. However, any conclusion from the proposed procedure has to be confirmed by the production control engineer.
This work was supported by National Science Council of Taiwan.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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- Chen, T. An optimized tailored nonlinear fluctuation smoothing rule for scheduling a semiconductor manufacturing factory. Comput. Ind. Eng. 2010, 58, 317–325, doi:10.1016/j.cie.2009.11.006.
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).


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- 2012 morgan 3 wheeler
2012 morgan 3 wheeler
When we reviewed (and fell in love with) the Morgan 3 Wheeler, we said that deliveries in the United States would start in the first quarter of 2012, though TV personality and car enthusiast Jay Leno would probably get his a bit earlier. And after watching this video of Leno getting his first ...
America Helps Britain Bring Back The Trike It weighs just 1,090 pounds, chuffs out 115 horsepower and 140 pound-feet of torque, and can launch to 60 mph in less than 4.5 seconds. Oh, and you definitely feel every bit of it. The 2012 Morgan 3 Wheeler is a decidedly modernized homage to the ...


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PhotoFlair 220.127.116.11
A handy and comprehensive photo editor
PhotoFlair is a sotware that besides the patented Retinex technology it also offers a batch mode and many commonly used photo editing and digital image editing tools.
Main features:
- Retinex - The star feature of PhotoFlair digital image enhancement software is its Retinex automatic image enhancement algorithm. This algorithm was developed by NASA and TruView Imaging Co. scientists after several years of extensive research. It has been patented in the U.S., Canada and Australia, and the patents are pending in Europe and other counties. Retinex image enhancement is only available in PhotoFlair and there is nothing like it available in any other digital image enhancement software in the market. Retinex automatic image enhancement is particularly good at correcting underexposed dark areas of an image without effecting correctly exposed areas. It also restores rich colors in an image
- Autolevels - for automatic histogram modification
- Levels - for manual histogram modification. "Levels" dialog that allows adjustment of input and output levels for Red, Green, Blue and the composite Value bands
- Histogram equalization - for automatic histogram modification: uses a different method than autolevels
- Curves - for manual color-map manipulation. Allows you to modify the Red, Green, and Blue color bands individually in addition to the composite Value band
- Gamma - for modifying the color-map using the gamma function
- Sharpen - for image sharpening
- Blur - for image blurring: useful for suppressing some noise artifacts
- Despeckle - for removing specular pixels: useful for removing glints
- Negative - for turning an image into a negative
- Edge detection - for converting the original into an edge only image
- Resize - allows the image to be manually resized using one of three resize algorithms. Pixel replication: useful for small scale factors 10% - 200%
- Gaussian interpolation: slower but better than pixel replication for scales greater than 200%
- Cubic interpolation: slowest but the best technique for scale factors greater than 200%
- Image crop - for cropping an image
- Grayscale - for turning a color image into a grayscale image
- Rotate - for rotating an image by 90, 180, or 270 degrees, or by an arbitrary angle
- Flip - for flipping an image horizontally or vertically
- Other Features
- Batch Mode - (Only Available in Stand Alone Version not Adobe Plug-Ins) allows you to apply any of the above tools to a large number of images in one single operation. Listed below are some of the features available in Batch Mode: User may specify the output file format (JPEG, TIFF, Bitmap, …) directly from the Batch Mode dialog
- Processed images can be stored in the source directory or a user defined output directory
- User can display multiple input or output files directly from the batch dialog window
- Variations - provides 5 variations on the current image: slightly brighter, slighter darker, slightly redder, slightly greener and slightly bluer
- Formats - image read and write support for JPEG, TIFF, BMP, PPM, and PNG; in the Batch Mode PCD is also supported
- Page menu - keeps track of the processed images. Has the ability to delete individual processed images
- Arrow buttons - on the tool bar allow you to easily move back and forth between the original and the processed images by using the right and left arrow buttons
- Auto Zoom – allows Images to automatically scale to fit the work area
- Status bar - displays information about image size, cursor location in the image, and the color at that position
- Progress dialog - allows you to view the output of the commands (Details)
- User's manual - A help file and User's Manual are available to describe all of the features in detail
- last updated on:
- June 19th, 2009, 9:56 GMT
- file size:
- price:
- $69.95
- developed by:
- TruView Imaging Company
- license type:
- Demo
- operating system(s):
- Windows All
- category:
- C: \ Multimedia \ Graphic \ Graphic Editors
In a hurry? Add it to your Download Basket!
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Three hundred U.S. children a year are diagnosed with retinoblastoma. Even though this rare eye cancer can be deadly, it has a 90 percent cure rate if caught early. Doctors say the best thing you can do is keep up those eye exams and know what to look for.
Retinoblastoma screenings are often done in maternity wards on newborns and by pediatricians in the first few years of life.
"That's because 75 percent of retinoblastoma patients are detected because a doctor or parent notices the color inside the pupil of the eye is lighter in one eye than the other and that's because it's actually the tumor inside that eye that's actually being seen," said optometrist Dr. Greg Marrow.
While the average diagnosis occurs at 18 months, the disease can be detected earlier. New treatments are becoming available every day. Plaque therapy and cryotherapy are allowing patients alternatives to chemotherapy and radiation treatments.
"The neat thing about these particular procedures is that not only do they preserve sight, but so far they have not been able to link these procedures to getting secondary cancer later in life," Marrow said.
One way to tell if a child has this condition is by looking at snapshots of the child. If the child's eyes are white in every flash picture taken of them there could be a problem.
"Imagine that same picture, but instead of the redeye it actually comes back white. That's what often times we look for which is called leukocoria," Marrow said.
But Marrow said parents shouldn't completely rely on photographs.
"Because it can still be missed depending on the angle of the light. The best thing to do is take your child to somebody who is trained whether it's an eye doctor, obviously they are the most trained, but to make sure the child gets their regular pediatric screenings," he said.
If you think your child may have retinoblastoma, you should contact your family physician or eye doctor.


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Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers will invest at least $200 million this year in mobile applications and cloud computing services for corporate users, investment partner Matt Murphy said. The Menlo Park, California-based venture capital firm, which boosted its enterprise-technology investments in …
Early-Stage Career Boosters For People With MVP Potential by Bing Gordon - Fast Company
One of my pleasures is watching and helping younger people develop from high potentials into young leaders. Former NHL hockey player and Wayne Gretzky's one-time roommate Geoff Courtnall once told me that the formula for winning the Stanley Cup was an equal measure of veterans who deliver and emerging rookies who overachieve. I believe that most healthy organizations, like hockey teams, need the excitement and energy of youth.
In ice hockey, as in life, hall of fame careers usually start fast. Wayne Gretzky was the NHL MVP at age 19, and Bill Gates, the Gretzky of software, founded Microsoft at age 20. If you are a "high draft choice" in life, you have some responsibility to focus your gifts. It isn't just athletes who fail to live up to their early potential.
I have always had regrets that I didn't start working in business until I was 28. I always felt just a little behind the power curve.
After decades of hiring and promoting high school and college grads, I have seen that those who get the most opportunities also start fast. They overachieve in their first weeks. They ask the best questions, and always seem to have good ideas bubbling out of them. And, as one successful Hollywood producer once told an entry-level agent, "Work as hard as you can, and then work harder."
On reflection, there are a few things I did well in my own 20s. I lived the "liberal arts life," the most priceless education, wandering through several careers and geographies. But for a few twists of fate, I could just as easily have been a commercial fisherman in Australia as a video game VP of marketing. I would say, "Try stuff." Figure out what you like doing every day, and then always achieve within the possibilities of stuff you love to do…
Read more: Fast Company


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Freedom of the Press Topics
Democracy Now! stories, posts and pages that relate to Freedom of the Press
The death toll from the Philippines' worst politically linked massacre has risen to fifty-seven. The victims were abducted as they were traveling to nominate an opposition candidate for governor in upcoming elections. The dead include eighteen Filipino journalists from regional newspapers. It's believed to be the highest number of reporters killed in a single attack anywhere in the world. We speak with Walden Bello, an Akbayan...Nov 25, 2009 | Story
Russian Journalist Elena Milashina Speaks Out on Alarming Rise in Murders, Threats Against Critics of Government Abuses in North CaucasusRussia has seen an alarming rise in the murders of journalists and activists speaking out about government abuses in the embattled North Caucasus region. We speak to Elena Milashina, a Russian investigative journalist who has just won the 2009 Alison Des Forges Award for Extraordinary Activism from Human Rights Watch. She was friends with both the activist and journalist Natalya Estemirova, who was killed in July, and the internationally...Oct 29, 2009 | Story
Iraqi Journalist Detained for a Year Without Charge by US Forces Despite Iraqi Court Order to Release HimA year ago today, US and Iraqi forces raided the home of Iraqi journalist Ibrahim Jassam, a freelance photographer working for Reuters. Soldiers seized his computer hard drive and cameras. He was led away, handcuffed and blindfolded. For the past year the US military has held Jassam without charge. Ten months ago, the Iraqi Central Criminal Court ordered his release for lack of evidence, but the US military refused to release him, claiming he...Sep 02, 2009 | Story
As Pentagon Cancels Rendon Group Contract, US-NATO Spokesman in Afghanistan Defends Using Company to Profile JournalistsThe Pentagon is canceling its contract with the private public relations firm The Rendon Group to produce background profiles of journalists seeking to cover the war. One journalist profiled was Nir Rosen, who got a hold of his profile. The Rendon Group reported to the Pentagon that Rosen's reporting in Afghanistan was "highly unfavorable to international efforts." The Rendon Group profile also mentioned Rosen's appearance on Democracy...Sep 01, 2009 | Story
A new documentary premiering tonight on HBO provides a harrowing look at today's Afghanistan, where violence and corruption continue to ravage the country. It's called Fixer: The Taking of Ajmal Naqshbandi. It tells the story of Ajmal, a young Afghan journalist, translator and coordinator working for American journalist Christian Parenti. In 2007, Ajmal was kidnapped by Taliban forces, along with Italian reporter Daniele...Aug 17, 2009 | Story
In Iran, nearly two months after the disputed presidential election that generated mass protests, the crackdown on opposition members, activists, journalists, scholars, students and ordinary citizens continues. As court proceedings in a mass trial of reformers and protesters continued into their second week, a top judiciary official acknowledged Saturday that some of the arrested protesters had been tortured in Iranian prisons. We speak with...Aug 10, 2009 | Story
In Iran, supporters of opposition leader Mir Hossein Mousavi have called for another protest in Tehran today in defiance of the government ban. At least nineteen demonstrators have been killed in the ten days since the election of June 12th. The government continues to detain journalists and activists and has set up a special court for demonstrators. We speak with Columbia University Professor Hamid Dabashi. He writes, "I see the moment...Jun 24, 2009 | Story
In his first public remarks after days of demonstrations, Ayatollah Khamenei denied any possibility that last week's vote had been rigged and defended President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad as the rightful winner of the election. At the same time, the Iranian government continues to arrest journalists, prominent reformists and associates of the opposition candidates, including twenty-six-year-old Mohammadreza Jalaeipour, the top strategist for...Jun 19, 2009 | Story
Thousands of Iranians took to the streets Tuesday as reformist politicians, including defeated presidential candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi, rejected the Guardian Council's offer of a limited recount of the disputed votes in Friday's election. Both critics and supporters of President Ahmadinejad staged competing rallies in Tehran Tuesday, while Iranian security forces arrested at least three prominent reformists, including former...Jun 17, 2009 | Story
Israeli Attacks Kill Over 310 in Gaza in One of Israel's Bloodiest Attacks on Palestinians Since 1948Amidst worldwide protests, Israel is continuing its bombing campaign against Gaza for the third consecutive day and preparing to launch a possible ground invasion. Following months of a crippling blockade, this has been described as one of Israel's bloodiest attacks on Palestinians since 1948. Latest reports indicate that 310 people have been killed and 1,400 injured in the aerial strikes across the Gaza Strip since Saturday morning. The...Dec 29, 2008 | Story
Show for Nov 21, 2014
Obama Unveils Executive Order Protecting Millions from Deportation
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Tens of Thousands Protest Student Disappearances in Mexico
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U.S. Grants Temporary Status to Travelers from Ebola-Stricken Nations
U.S. Releases 5 Prisoners from Guantanamo Bay
Swedish Court Rejects Assange Appeal, but Prods Prosecutor to Resolve Standoff
Marriage Equality Bans Rejected in Montana, South Carolina
Michael Brown's Father Urges Nonviolent Protest; Officer Reportedly in Talks to Resign
Angola 3 Prisoner Likely to Remain Behind Bars Despite Latest Court Ruling Ordering Release


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Administrative resumes in Norcross, Georgia
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Customer Service Sales Representative
Norcross, GA
... Lydie Genevieve Botous De Nero **** ***** **** ***** * McDonough, Georgia 30252 (770) ***-**** w firstname.lastname@example.com Summary of Qualifications & Skills Over 6+years as
Assistant, with excellent background in Customer Service ... -
Nov 07
Office Administrative Assistant
Norcross, GA
... OF FOUNDATION DRILLING - IRVING, TEXAS Executive Assistant to the CEO and Office Manager, (2009 to 2014) Meetings & Education Coordinator, (2006 to 2009) Provide high-level
support to the CEO and serve as a liaison to the board of ... -
Sep 29
Administrative Assistant Vice President
Norcross, GA
... Documented required systems with conclusion of investigation
Assistant 1996-1998 Conducted standard assistant skills for the CCO of the company and 4 attorneys within Legal Compliance Department. . Provided verbal and written ... -
Sep 20
Administrative Assistant
Norcross, GA
... Adedayo (678)-***-**** *email@example.com TARGET POSITION:
Assistant EDUCATION Kennesaw State University B.A in Business Administration with Accounting Minor 2012 SKILLS • Advanced skills in Microsoft Office Word, Excel, ... -
Sep 11
High School Data Entry
Norcross, GA
... Performed
task throughout the school assisting the teachers with office work, data entry, lesson planning, teaching, organization of books and files. Kumon Northlake August 2010 – May 2011 Role: Assistant Junior Kumon. Daily work ... -
Sep 03
Medical Billing & Coding
Norcross, GA
... plan information and participant data to determine benefit eligibility • Provide
support for the department/division such as answering telephones, assisting visitors, and resolving and referring a range of problems and inquiries. ... -
Aug 30
Customer Service Sales
Duluth, GA
... and compliance Ensured compliance with all state and federal laws pertaining to the workplace Responsible for all
tasks, HR records, facilities management, inventory control and ongoing operational reports for setting and ... -
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Administrative Assistant Quality Assurance
Norcross, GA
... Murray OBJECTIVE SEEKING AN
ASSISTANT POSITION WITH A COMPANY THAT WILL ALLOW ME TO UTILIZE MY COMMUNICATION, ORGANIZATIONAL, AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS. Cooperative, Dependable, Efficient, Hardworking, Honest, Independent, Motivated, ... -
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Customer Service Representative
Norcross, GA
... -2013-Present Convergys Corporation Answering phone Client Database Up- Keep Set Up Appointments Online financial transactions Ordering equipment Troubleshoot Technical Problems Settle Billing disputes Upgrade equipment
Assistant/Jr. ... -
Aug 29
Customer Service Representative
Norcross, GA
... Bryan King Bryan King Cell: 770-***-****/ Home: 404-***-**** email@example.com Objective: Actively seeking a position in the legal profession where I can gain greater experience and knowledge of the field and utilize my
skills. ... -
Aug 27
Administrative Assistant Office
Atlanta, GA
... 1999 Relevant coursework: Critical thinking and global issues Fundamentals of business communications Extensive knowledge in bankruptcy law Experience Witt/Kieffer - Atlanta, Georgia July 7, 2014 to July 25, 2014
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Manager Human Resource
Talking Rock, GA
... • Recipient of prestigious executive-level award for exceptionally high-quality
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Human Resources Administrative Assistant
Tucker, GA
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Customer Service Sales
Eatonton, GA
... Assist team members, when completed with given tasks Reggie's Tax Service - Irwinton, GA 01/08 - 04/11
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Jul 15
Nurse Manager
Tucker, GA
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Assistant Chief of Appeals, Paralegal, Attorney
Duluth, GA
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May 24
Customer Service Assistant
Atlanta, GA
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Customer Service Administrative Assistant
Norcross, GA
... Cynthia Johnson Stone Mountain, GA ***** Telephone: (770) ***-**** firstname.lastname@example.com PROFESSIONAL SUMMARY: Customer Service/
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Apr 28
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November 25 2014 Latest news:
Sisters Vicki Holt (L to R) Kim Easton and Lyndsey Gonzalez who have opened The Beaty Shed in Hethersett. Photograph Simon Parker
Lucy Wright
Monday, August 20, 2012
Three sisters from Wymondham have opened a beauty salon in Hethersett.
Lyndsey Gonzalez, 25, Kim Easton, 21, and Vicki Holt, 27, who all live in Wymondham, have opened the Beauty Shed in Norwich Road, Hethersett.
Mrs Gonzalez runs the business while her sister Kim has her own treatment room and Vicki works part time on reception.
Mrs Gonzalez, who has a seven-month-old daughter, Sophia, has worked in the industry since she was 14, when she had her first taste of work experience at a spa in a local hotel.
She studied for her NVQ levels 2 and 3 at City College Norwich, where she was student of the year. She worked in two Wymondham salons before returning to the college where she became a qualified assessor, working with beauty therapy students.
"It has always been my dream to open my own salon," she said. "We provide affordable luxury."
"There's always a reason to put off starting your own business. I have a young baby and the economic climate is tough but I just decided to go for it."
Mrs Gonzalez used her savings to launch the business.
She did not think twice about recruiting her two sisters to join her on the new venture.
"We all get on well so it's great that we all work together. The business is family orientated – everything from the start has involved my family.
My parents looked after Sophia so I could work and my husband, Dan, and brother-in-law, Rob, helped with the renovation."
The Beauty Shed will be holding open days on Friday, August 24 and Saturday, August 25, from 10am-4pm.
Do you know someone who is starting their own business? Call Lucy Wright on 01603 772439 or email firstname.lastname@example.com
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EDP Business editor Ben Woods analyses the implications for Aviva staff following Friday's announcement of a potential merger with Friends Life


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