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A Rasch and confirmatory factor analysis of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) - 12
Microsoft Academic Search
BACKGROUND: The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) - 12 was designed as a short questionnaire to assess psychiatric morbidity. Despite the fact that studies have suggested a number of competing multidimensional factor structures, it continues to be largely used as a unidimensional instrument. This may have an impact on the identification of psychiatric morbidity in target populations. The aim of this
Adam B Smith; Lesley J Fallowfield; Dan P Stark; Galina Velikova; Valerie Jenkins
The 12Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12): Reliability, external validity and factor structure in the Spanish population
The purpose of this study was to analyze the internal consistency and the external and structure vali- dity of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in the Spanish general population. A stra- tified sample of 1001 subjects, ages between 25 and 65 years, taken from the general Spanish popula- tion was employed. The GHQ-12 and the Inventory of Situations and
MarĒa del Pilar Sßnchez-L¾pez; Virginia Dresch
The 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): reliability, external validity and factor structure in the Spanish population.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the internal consistency and the external and structure validity of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in the Spanish general population. A stratified sample of 1001 subjects, ages between 25 and 65 years, taken from the general Spanish population was employed. The GHQ-12 and the Inventory of Situations and Responses of Anxiety-ISRA were administered. A Cronbach's alpha of .76 (Standardized Alpha: .78) and a 3-factor structure (with oblique rotation and maximum likelihood procedure) were obtained. External validity of Factor I (Successful Coping) with the ISRA is very robust (.82; Factor II, .70; Factor III, .75). The GHQ-12 shows adequate reliability and validity in the Spanish population. Therefore, the GHQ-12 can be used with efficacy to assess people's overall psychological well-being and to detect non-psychotic psychiatric problems. Additionally, our results confirm that the GHQ-12 can best be thought of as a multidimensional scale that assesses several distinct aspects of distress, rather than just a unitary screening measure. PMID:18940092
Sßnchez-L¾pez, MarĒa del Pilar; Dresch, Virginia
Factorial Validity and Invariance of the GHQ-12 among Clinical and Nonclinical Samples
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
The purpose of this study was to examine the internal reliability, factorial validity, and measurement invariance of a Brazilian-Portuguese version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) across clinical and nonclinical groups. The clinical sample consisted of 228 chronic hemodialysis patients (41.7% female), with a mean age of 48.23 (SD =ģ
Fernandes, Helder Miguel; Vasconcelos-Raposo, Jose
Factorial validity and invariance of the GHQ-12 among clinical and nonclinical samples.
The purpose of this study was to examine the internal reliability, factorial validity, and measurement invariance of a Brazilian-Portuguese version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) across clinical and nonclinical groups. The clinical sample consisted of 228 chronic hemodialysis patients (41.7% female), with a mean age of 48.23 (SD = 16.02) years, whereas the nonclinical sample comprised 350 university students (59.1% female), with a mean age of 21.15 (SD = 2.04) years. Initial model fit comparison of 16 factor structures reported in the literature, through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), provided mixed results. Additional revisions based on CFA modification indices demonstrated that a reduced (8-item) one-factor model with three error covariances provided the best fit to the data in both samples (comparative fit index > .98 and root mean square error of approximation < .05) and acceptable internal reliability estimates (>.70). Pearson's correlations between the original and the reduced scale was .96 for both samples. Multigroup analysis supported partial strong measurement equivalence across groups. Latent mean differences showed an expected higher factor mean for the clinical sample. Overall results demonstrated that the 8-item one-factor of the GHQ-12 showed good psychometric properties in both samples and provided preliminary support for meaningful comparisons of factor means across clinical and nonclinical groups. PMID:23118267
Fernandes, Helder Miguel; Vasconcelos-Raposo, Josķ
Psychiatric morbidity among medical in-patients: a standardized assessment (GHQ12 and CIS-R) using ælayÆ interviewers in a Brazilian hospital
The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) were used to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among 78 consecutive admissions to a general medical ward in a Brazilian university hospital (43 males and 35 females; mean age=43.2 years). The CIS-R was administered by three 5th-year medical students after a brief training. A prevalence rate
N. J. Botega; W. A. B. Pereira; M. R. Bio; C. Garcia Jr; M. A. Zomignani
Estimating the Prevalence of Anxiety and Mood Disorders in an Adolescent General Population: An Evaluation of the GHQ12
Anxiety and mood disorders (AMD) may be more common among adolescents than previously thought, and epidemiological research would benefit from an easily-administered measure of AMD. We assessed the ability of the GHQ12 to estimate the prevalence of AMD in a representative sample of Ontario adolescents. Data were based on self-administeredģ
Mann, Robert E.; Paglia-Boak, Angela; Adlaf, Edward M.; Beitchman, Joseph; Wolfe, David; Wekerle, Christine; Hamilton, Hayley A.; Rehm, Jurgen
Mental health (GHQ12; CES-D) and attitudes towards the value of work among inmates of a semi-open prison and the long-term unemployed in Luxembourg
PubMed Central
Aim To analyse the relationships between mental health and employment commitment among prisoners and the long-term unemployed (LTU) trying to return to work. Method Fifty-two of 62 male inmates of a semi-open prison (Givenich Penitentiary Centre, the only such unit in Luxembourg), and 69 LTU registered at the Luxembourg Employment Administration completed a questionnaire exploring: 1) mental health (measured by means of scales GHQ12 and CES-D); 2) employment commitment; 3) availability of a support network, self-esteem, empowerment; and 4) socio-demographic characteristics. Results Compared with LTU, inmates were younger, more had work experience (54.9% vs 26.1%), and more were educated to only a low level (71.1% vs 58.0%). The link between employment commitment and mental health in the LTU was the opposite of that seen among the prisoners: the more significant the perceived importance of employment, the worse the mental health (GHQ12 p = 0.003; CES-D p < 0.001) of the LTU; in contrast, among prisoners, the GHQ12 showed that the greater the perceived value of work, the lower the psychic distress (p = 0.012). Greater empowerment was associated with less depression in both populations. The education levels of people who did not reach the end of secondary school, whether inmates or LTU, were negatively linked with their mental equilibrium. Conclusion The two groups clearly need professional support. Future research should further investigate the link between different forms of professional help and mental health. Randomized controlled trials could be carried out in both groups, with interventions to improve work commitment for prisoners and to help with getting a job for LTU. For those LTU who value employment but cannot find it, the best help may be psychological support.
Baumann, Michele; Meyers, Raymond; Le Bihan, Etienne; Houssemand, Claude
Translation into Portuguese of questionnaires to assess knee injuries
The aim of this systematic review was to review the quality of the translation and the measurement properties from questionnaires that assess injuries of the knee. We included questionnaires that were developed in foreign language and have been translated and validated into Portuguese. The databases used were CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, PUBMED and SCIELO and the final search resulted in a total of 868 studies included, from which 16 were eligible. Most included questionnaires presented all steps expected in a translation process; however there were some deficiencies in measurement properties among the questionnaires. The VISA-P Brazil was the best questionnaire when analyzing translation process and measurement properties tested. It was the only questionnaire that tested all measurement properties investigated and presented adequate values for all of them. KOS-ADLS was the best questionnaire translated to Portuguese from Portugal. Among all, the VISA-P Brazil is the best questionnaire to be used with Brazilian Portuguese speakers when the condition is related to patellar tendinopathy and the LEFS is the best questionnaire for other general conditions of the knee. For Portuguese from Portugal, the best questionnaire is the KOS-ADLS, and like the LEFS it does not target any specific injury.
Nunes, Guilherme; de Castro, Lisaura Veiga; Wageck, Bruna; Kume, Vanessa; Chiesa, Gabriela Sulzbach; de Noronha, Marcos
The Effects of Questionnaire Translation on Demographic Data and Analysis
The collection of demographic data in developing and, increasingly, developed countries often requires the translation of\\u000a a survey instrument. This article addresses the implications for data and analysis of two of the most common modes of translation.\\u000a The first, the officially sanctionedŚthough not empirically verifiedŚmethod, involves the pre-fieldwork production of a standardized\\u000a translation of the template questionnaire into all or
Alexander A. Weinreb; Mariano Sana
Translation and validation of the Greek chronic liver disease questionnaire
AIM: To translate into Greek and validate the chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ). METHODS: Two hundred and six consecutive adult patients with the diagnosis of a chronic liver disease from 2 general hospitals in Athens were enrolled in the study from May to September 2008. In order to assess their quality of life (QOL) the CLDQ was applied. The instrument was translated from English, back translated and reviewed in focus groups within the framework of a large multicenter study. The measurements that were performed included: 2 independent sample t tests, one-way analysis of variance, reliability coefficients, explanatory factor analysis using a varimax rotation and the principal components method. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty five (61%) patients were men, half were aged 40-59 years and > 33% were > 60 years old. Among the patients, 48 (23%) were hospitalized and 97 (47%) were cirrhotic according to the Child-Pugh score. The internal consistency of the Greek CLDQ version using CronbachÆs alpha coefficient was found to be 0.93. Exploratory factor analysis identified 7 domains accounting for 65% of the variance of CLDQ items and only partially overlapping with those found in the original version. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was calculated at 0.813 and the logistic estimate for the threshold score of 167.50 provided a sensitivity of 74.3% and a specificity of 71.6% for the model. CONCLUSION: Our data confirmed the validity of the Greek version of the CLDQ in identifying the QOL among patients with chronic liver disease.
Kollia, Zoi; Patelarou, Evridiki; Vivilaki, Victoria; Kollia, Eleni; Kefou, Florentia; Elefsiniotis, Ioannis; Dourakis, Spyros P; Brokalaki, Hero
Validation of a Tibetan Translation of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire
This study sought to translate and validate the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) in a Tibetan population. Translated questionnaires were administered to 57 Tibetan survivors of torture/human rights abuses living in the United States and receiving services in a torture treatment program. Participantsģ
Lhewa, Dechen; Banu, Sophia; Rosenfeld, Barry; Keller, Allen
Leicester Cough Questionnaire: translation to Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation for use in Brazil*
Objective: To translate the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) to Portuguese and adapt it for use in Brazil. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation of a quality of life questionnaire requires a translated version that is conceptually equivalent to the original version and culturally acceptable in the target country. The protocol used consisted of the translation of the LCQ to Portuguese by three Brazilian translators who were fluent in English and its back-translation to English by another translator who was a native speaker of English and fluent in Portuguese. The back-translated version was evaluated by one of the authors of the original questionnaire in order to verify its equivalence. Later in the process, a provisional Portuguese-language version was thoroughly reviewed by an expert committee. In 10 patients with chronic cough, cognitive debriefing was carried out in order to test the understandability, clarity, and acceptability of the translated questionnaire in the target population. On that basis, the final Portuguese-language version of the LCQ was produced and approved by the committee. Results: Few items were questioned by the source author and revised by the committee of experts. During the cognitive debriefing phase, the Portuguese-language version of the LCQ proved to be well accepted and understood by all of the respondents, which demonstrates the robustness of the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation. Conclusions: The final version of the LCQ adapted for use in Brazil was found to be easy to understand and easily applied.
Felisbino, Manuela Brisot; Steidle, Leila John Marques; Goncalves-Tavares, Michelle; Pizzichini, Marcia Margaret Menezes; Pizzichini, Emilio
Modification, translation and adaptation of questionnaires: should copyright laws be observed?
This commentary is intended to start a discussion about whether people should be allowed to modify, translate, adapt or sell copyrighted questionnaires without the permission of the developer (copyright-holder). PMID:19189227
Juniper, Elizabeth F
Measurement properties of translated versions of neck-specific questionnaires: a systematic review
Background Several disease-specific questionnaires to measure pain and disability in patients with neck pain have been translated. However, a simple translation of the original version doesn't guarantee similar measurement properties. The objective of this study is to critically appraise the quality of the translation process, cross-cultural validation and the measurement properties of translated versions of neck-specific questionnaires. Methods Bibliographic databases were searched for articles concerning the translation or evaluation of the measurement properties of a translated version of a neck-specific questionnaire. The methodological quality of the selected studies and the results of the measurement properties were critically appraised and rated using the COSMIN checklist and criteria for measurement properties. Results The search strategy resulted in a total of 3641 unique hits, of which 27 articles, evaluating 6 different questionnaires in 15 different languages, were included in this study. Generally the methodological quality of the translation process is poor and none of the included studies performed a cross-cultural adaptation. A substantial amount of information regarding the measurement properties of translated versions of the different neck-specific questionnaires is lacking. Moreover, the evidence for the quality of measurement properties of the translated versions is mostly limited or assessed in studies of poor methodological quality. Conclusions Until results from high quality studies are available, we advise to use the Catalan, Dutch, English, Iranian, Korean, Spanish and Turkish version of the NDI, the Chinese version of the NPQ, and the Finnish, German and Italian version of the NPDS. The Greek NDI needs cross-cultural validation and there is no methodologically sound information for the Swedish NDI. For all other languages we advise to translate the original version of the NDI.
Translation, cultural adaptation and reproducibility of the Cochin Hand Functional Scale questionnaire for Brazil
OBJECTIVE: To translate, to perform a cultural adaptation of and to test the reproducibility of the Cochin Hand Functional Scale questionnaire for Brazil. METHODS: First, the Cochin Hand Functional Scale questionnaire was translated into Portuguese and was then back-translated into French. These translations were reviewed by a committee to establish a Brazilian version of the questionnaire to be tested. The validity and reproducibility of the Cochin Hand Functional Scale questionnaire was evaluated. Patients of both sexes, who were aged 18 to 60 years and presented with rheumatoid arthritis affecting their hands, were interviewed. The patients were initially interviewed by two observers and were later interviewed by a single rater. First, the Visual Analogue Scale for hand pain, the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Disability questionnaire and the Health Assessment Questionnaire were administered. The third administration of the Cochin Hand Functional Scale was performed fifteen days after the first administration. Ninety patients were assessed in the present study. RESULTS: Two questions were modified as a result of the assessment of cultural equivalence. The Cronbach's alpha value for this assessment was 0.93. The intraclass intraobserver and interobserver correlation coefficients were 0.76 and 0.96, respectively. The Spearman's coefficient indicated that there was a low level of correlation between the Cochin Hand Functional Scale and the Visual Analogue Scale for pain (0.46) and that there was a moderate level of correlation of the Cochin Scale with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (0.66) and with the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (0.63). The average administration time for the Cochin Scale was three minutes. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the Cochin Hand Functional Scale was successfully translated and adapted, and this version exhibited good internal consistency, reliability and construct validity.
Chiari, Aline; de Souza Sardim, Carla Caires; Natour, Jamil
Korean Version of the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score Questionnaire: Translation and Linguistic Validation
Purpose The overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) consists of 4 questions regarding OAB symptoms. The aim of this study was to develop Korean version of the OABSS from the original Japanese version, with subsequent linguistic validation. Methods Between February and May 2008, the translation and linguistic validation process was performed as follows: a forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, cognitive debriefing, and final proofreading. Results A forward translation from the original version of the OABSS to the Korean language was carried out by 2 native Korean speakers, who were also fluent in Japanese. Reconciliation was made after review of both translations by a panel consisting of both translators and one of the authors. Another bilingual translator who had never seen the original version of the OABSS carried out a translation of the reconciled version back into Japanese, and the original and backward-translated versions were subsequently compared. After discussion of all discrepancies between both versions by the panel, a second Korean version was produced. During cognitive debriefing, 5 outpatients with OAB reported that each question of the Korean version was significant and appropriate for their symptoms. However, 2 patients said that some parts of the questions or instructions were not clear or were not easy to understand. According to the cognitive debriefing, some words and phrases were revised into more understandable expressions. Conclusions A Korean version of the OABSS was developed and linguistic validation was performed. Further studies are needed to assess the reproducibility and validity of the questionnaire in Korean populations.
Jeong, Seong Jin; Homma, Yukio
A Spanish Version of the Expectations about Counseling Questionnaire: Translation and Validation.
Summarizes two studies conducted for the development and validation of a Spanish version of the Expectations about Counseling (EAC) questionnaire. Administered English and Spanish versions to bilingual university students and bilingual nonstudents. Results suggest that the Spanish version of the EAC is a reliable and valid translation for studentsģ
Buhrke, Robin A.; Jorge, Michael
Japanese Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Listening to Mothers II Questionnaire
The questionnaire used for the U.S. Listening to Mothers II survey was translated and culturally adapted to measure Japanese womenÆs experience during the period of pregnancy planning through early postpartum. Methods included expert panels and two phases of cognitive interviews with 20 postpartum Japanese adult women. The number of problems with the translated questionnaire effectively decreased in the iterative process. Most problems were found in the question¢interpretation stage of cognitive processing, such as wording/tone. Culture-specific concepts and unclear items were adapted to prevent erroneous interpretations in future studies. The future use of this questionnaire to generate data sets will be useful for professionals interested in developing evidence-based practices. The knowledge from this study can be helpful in improving health-care services and education for women with diverse languages and cultural backgrounds.
Kishi, Rieko; McElmurry, Beverly; Vonderheid, Susan; Altfeld, Susan; McFarlin, Barbara; Tashiro, Junko
[Translation and adaptation of the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire: a Brazilian version].
Traffic accidents are a leading cause of death in young adults. In Brazil, traffic accidents are proportionally more prevalent among motorcyclists as compared to automobile drivers. Although numerous data indicate that individual characteristics are involved in traffic accident risk, there is no instrument in Brazil to assess motorcyclists' traffic behavior. The authors thus proposed to perform translation and cultural adaptation of the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ) into Brazilian Portuguese. The translation process consisted of: two independent translations into Brazilian Portuguese; unification of the translations; back-translation into English; formal assessment of semantic equivalence; application of a summary version in a convenience sample of motorcyclists; generation of a final version; and back-translation and submission to the original author, who approved this version. The Brazilian version maintained its semantic equivalence and was accepted by the convenience sample, an important characteristic for a self-completed instrument. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the questionnaire's psychometric properties in the Brazilian cultural context. PMID:22666824
Coelho, Roberta Paula Schell; Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Machado, M¶nica; Williams, Anna Virginia; Matte, Breno C¾rdova; Pechansky, Flavio; Rohde, Luis Augusto Paim; Szobot, Claudia Maciel
Translation and validation of the German version of the Bournemouth questionnaire for low back pain
Background Finding the best outcome measures for research and quality assurance purposes in terms of validity, sensitivity to change, length and ease of completion is crucial. The Bournemouth questionnaire for neck pain patients was recently translated and validated into German and found to be more sensitive to change than other commonly used questionnaires. However, the low back pain version is not yet available in German. Therefore the purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Bournemouth Questionnaire (BQ) for low back pain (LBP) into German. Methods The translation was done in 4 steps, translated and back-translated by two independent people and adapted and approved by an expert committee. Face validity was then done by 30 people who checked the questionnaire for comprehension. Test-retest reliability (reproducibility) was tested using 30 stable back pain patients. Internal consistency was tested using 108 low back patients. External construct validity, external longitudinal validity and responsiveness was tested against the German versions of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the SF-36 questionnaire using 108 patients from 5 different chiropractic clinics. Results The BQ showed high test-retest reliability (ICC?>?0.91) for all items and strong internal consistency (Cronbachs alpha?=?0.86 at baseline and 0.94 at 4Āweeks). The BQ demonstrated good external construct and longitudinal construct validity with established measures. The effect sizes of the BQ were high and comparable with established measures. External construct validity and external longitudinal construct validity showed significant correlation for all 7 scales of the BQ with the relevant scales of the other questionnaires with one exception. External responsiveness results showed higher effect sizes for the BQ items and total score indicating better sensitivity to change than the compared measures. Conclusion The BQ for LBP was successfully translated and adapted into German. It was successfully tested for validity, consistency, and responsiveness against the German versions of the ODI and the SF-36. It is shorter, covers more domains than the ODI and is more sensitive to change than the other questionnaires.
Translation, adaptation and validation of the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) into the Dutch language
Objective: To translate and adapt the original English version of the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) into the Dutch language (SRQ-DLV) and evaluate its internal consistency, reliability, validity and responsiveness to clinical changes.Design: Prospective study.Setting: Outpatient departments of orthopaedics, radiology and physical therapy of an academic and a non-academic hospital.Subjects: One hundred and seven patients treated for unilateral shoulder disorder (adhesive
Henricus M Vermeulen; Dies CG Boonman; Wim R Obermann; Hans C van Houwelingen; Piet M Rozing; Thea PM Vliet Vlieland
Development and validation of a Spanish translation of the Yale activity questionnaire
Background Valid measures of physical activity are critical research tools. The objective of this study was to develop a Spanish translation of the Yale Physical Activity Survey, and to provide preliminary evidence of its validity in a population of Dominican patients with lower extremity arthritis. Methods A Dominican bilingual health care professional translated the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) from English to Spanish. Several Dominican adults reviewed the translation to ensure it was linguistically and culturally appropriate. The questionnaire was back-translated to English by a North American researcher who is fluent in Spanish. Discrepancies between the original and back-translated versions were resolved by the translator and back-translator. The Spanish translation was administered to 108 Dominican subjects with advanced hip or knee arthritis prior to (N = 44) or one to four years following (N = 64) total joint replacement. We assessed construct validity by examining the association of YPAS scores and measures of functional status and pain (WOMAC), quality of life (EQ-5D) and the number of painful lower extremity joints. Results A higher YPAS Part II Activity Dimensions Summary Index score had weak to modest correlations with worse function and quality of life as measured with the WOMAC function scale (r = 0.21, p = 0.03), SF-36 Physical Activity Scale (r = 0.29, p = 0.004) and EQ-5D (r = 0.34, p = 0.0007). Total minutes of vigorous activity and walking had weak to modest correlation with these measures (WOMAC Function Scale (r = 0.15, p = 0.15), SF-36 Physical Activity Scale (r = 0.21, p = 0.04) and EQ-5D utility (r = 0.24, p = 0.02)). Correlations between the YPAS Part I energy expenditure score and these measures were lower (WOMAC Function Scale (r = 0.07, p = 0.49), SF-36 Physical Activity Scale (r = 0.03, p = 0.74) and EQ-5D utility (r = 0.18, p = 0.07)). Conclusions We have developed a new Spanish translation of the Yale Physical Activity Survey and provided evidence of convergent validity in a sample of Dominican patients prior to or 1¢4 years following total joint replacement.
[Translation, adaptation and validation of the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment questionnaire with students in higher education].
The scope of this study was to make the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment questionnaire in a group of students in higher education in Portugal. The process of translation and validation consisted of translation, back translation, expert committee review, pre-testing and testing of the psychometric properties. The final version adapted with 30 questions was applied to a sample of 707 university students. The results showed that the instrument demonstrated good overall internal consistency for an instrument used to measure a latent variable. When the items were grouped into domains, it was found that they all contributed equally to the stability of the instrument. The reproducibility assessed by intraclass correlation was high. Construct validity tested by the classification capacity of the instrument in four, three and two categories was 67.6%, 67.6% and 100%, with a Kappa index of 0.55, 0.55 and 1.00, respectively. The concurrent validity was also evaluated by correlating it with "My Lifestyle," namely another instrument measuring the same construct. The conclusion was that the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment, is a reliable and valid instrument for lifestyle assessment in young adults. PMID:24897489
Silva, Armando Manuel Marques; Brito, Irma da Silva; Amado, JoŃo Manuel da Costa
[Translation and cultural adaptation of the Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire for burn victims in Brazil].
This methodological study aimed to describe the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the Perceived stigmatization Questionnaire (PSQ) and analyze the internal consistency of the items in the step of pre-testing. The PSQ was developed to evaluate the perception of stigmatizing behaviors of burn victims. The adaptation process was carried out from August 2012 to February 2013, comprising the steps outlined in the literature. As part of this process, the pre-test with 30 adult burn victims was held. All participants at this step reported to understand the instrument items and the scale of responses. There were no suggestions or changes in the tested version. The value of Cronbach's alpha at pre-test was 0.87. The contribution of this study is to describe the operation of each of the steps of this methodological process and show the internal consistency of the items in the pre-test. PMID:24676105
Freitas, Noķlle de Oliveira; Caltran, Marina Paes; Dantas, Rosana Aparecida Spadoti; Rossi, Lidia Aparecida
Short form of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire: Translation and validation of the Chinese version
Background The Changes in Outlook Questionnaire (CiOQ) is a self-report instrument designed to measure both positive and negative changes following the experience of severely stressful events. Previous research has focused on the Western context. The aim of this study is to translate the short form of the measure (CiOQ-S) into simplified Chinese and examine its validity and reliability in a sample of Chinese earthquake survivors. Method The English language version of the 10-item CiOQ was translated into simplified Chinese and completed along with other measures in a sample of earthquake survivors (n?=?120). Statistical analyses were performed to explore the structure of the simplified Chinese version of CiOQ-S (CiOQ-SCS), its reliability and validity. Results Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to test the structure of the CiOQ-SCS. The reliability and convergent validity were also assessed. The CiOQ-SCS demonstrated a similar factor structure to the English version, high internal consistency and convergent validity with measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms, anxiety and depression, coping and social support. Conclusion The data are comparable to those reported for the original version of the instrument indicating that the CiOQ-SCS is a reliable and valid measure assessing positive and negative changes in the aftermath of adversity. However, the sampling method cannot permit us to know how representative our samples were of the earthquake survivor population.
Translation and validation of Berlin questionnaire in primary health care in Greece
Background The aim of our study was to validate a Greek translation of the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and to explore whether this screening questionnaire could be used to help identify primary care patients at greater risk of having OSAS. Methods We recruited 189 patients visiting a primary health care setting on the island of Crete, Greece. They all completed the Greek Version of the BQ. Patients were then referred to a Sleep Disorders Unit for evaluation of suspected sleep-disordered breathing. Results A PSG study was performed in 129 of the 189 subjects (68.3%). BQ identified 74.4% (n?=?96) of the patients as high-risk for OSAS and the remaining 25.6% (n?=?33) as low-risk. The sensitivity and specificity of BQ for OSAS diagnosis were 76% and 40%, respectively, for an apnoea¢hypopnoea index (AHI) ?5 per hour but <15 per hour, 84% and 61% for an AHI ?15 per hour but ?30 per hour, and 79% and 39% for an AHI >30 per hour. Conclusions In conclusion, the Greek Version of the BQ is a useful instrument for identifying patients at risk for OSAS in primary health care in Greece. The findings of our study confirm that such screening tools should be used by primary care clinicians for OSAS prediction.
Swedish translation and psychometric testing of the safety attitudes questionnaire (operating room version)
Background Tens of millions of patients worldwide suffer from avoidable disabling injuries and death every year. Measuring the safety climate in health care is an important step in improving patient safety. The most commonly used instrument to measure safety climate is the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). The aim of the present study was to establish the validity and reliability of the translated version of the SAQ. Methods The SAQ was translated and adapted to the Swedish context. The survey was then carried out with 374 respondents in the operating room (OR) setting. Data was received from three hospitals, a total of 237 responses. CronbachÆs alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results The CronbachÆs alpha values for each of the factors of the SAQ ranged between 0.59 and 0.83. The CFA and its goodness-of-fit indices (SRMR 0.055, RMSEA 0.043, CFI 0.98) showed good model fit. Intercorrelations between the factors safety climate, teamwork climate, job satisfaction, perceptions of management, and working conditions showed moderate to high correlation with each other. The factor stress recognition had no significant correlation with teamwork climate, perception of management, or job satisfaction. Conclusions Therefore, the Swedish translation and psychometric testing of the SAQ (OR version) has good construct validity. However, the reliability analysis suggested that some of the items need further refinement to establish sound internal consistency. As suggested by previous research, the SAQ is potentially a useful tool for evaluating safety climate. However, further psychometric testing is required with larger samples to establish the psychometric properties of the instrument for use in Sweden.
Translation, Adaptation and Validation of the "Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability (CUPID) Questionnaire" for Use in Brazil
The paper describes the adaptation and testing of the Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability Questionnaire for use in Portuguese. The cross-cultural adaptation followed the steps of translation, back-translation, evaluation of the translations by a committee of judges, and then piloting of the pre-final version. This was performed in a sample of 40 nursing staff from the Hospital at the University of SŃo Paulo. Adjustments were made after review of the translations by the committee of judges (CVI? 80%). The pilot study was used to test whether questions could be satisfactorily understood and completed (? 85% of subjects). The Brazilian version of the Questionnaire is an adequate instrument for the ascertainment of occupational activities, psychosocial aspects of work, musculoskeletal symptoms and associated disabilities in nursing staff.
Ferrari, Andrea Lepos; Pavan Baptista, Patricia Campos; Andres Felli, Vanda Elisa; Coggon, David
Translation and adaptation of an international questionnaire to measure usage of complementary and alternative medicine (I-CAM-G)
Background The growing body of data on prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) usage means there is a need to standardize measurement on an international level. An international team has published a questionnaire (I-CAM-Q), but no validation has yet been provided. The aim of the present study was to provide a German measurement instrument for CAM usage (I-CAM-G) which closely resembles the original English version, and to assess itÆs performance in two potential samples for measuring CAM usage. Methods The English I-CAM-Q questionnaire was translated into German, and adapted slightly. The resulting I-CAM-G questionnaire was then pre-tested on 16 healthy volunteers, and 12 cognitive interviews were carried out. The questionnaire was employed in a sample of breast cancer patients (N?=?92, paper and pencil), and a sample from the general population (N?=?210, internet survey). Descriptive analyses of items and missing data, as well as results from the cognitive interviews, are presented in this paper. Results The translated questionnaire had to be adapted to be consistent with the German health care system. All items were comprehensible, whereby some items were unambiguous (e.g. CAM use yes/no, helpfulness), while others gave rise to ambiguous answers (e.g. reasons for CAM use), or high rates of missing data (e.g. number of times the CAM modality had been used during the last 3 months). 78% of the breast cancer patients and up to 85% of a sample of the general population had used some form of CAM. Conclusions Following methodologically sound and comprehensive translation, adaptation and assessment processes using recognized translation procedures, cognitive interviews, and studying the performance of the questionnaire in two samples, we arrived at a German questionnaire for measuring CAM use which is comparable with the international (English) version. The questionnaire appropriately measures CAM use, with some items being more appropriate than others. We recommend the development of a short version.
Development, Validation and Application of a Malay Translation of an Elementary Version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction
An elementary version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and a scale for determining students' Enjoyment of their Science Lessons (ENJ) were translated into Standard Malay. This process, together with its initial validation carried out in 136 classrooms with 3,104 students, is described in this paper. Statistical analyses revealed that data from this Malay version of the QTI with
Rowena H. Scott; Darrell L. Fisher
An elementary version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and a scale for determining students'' Enjoyment of their Science Lessons (ENJ) were translated into Standard Malay. This process, together with its initial validation carried out in 136 classrooms with 3,104 students, is described in this paper. Statistical analyses revealed that data from this Malay version of the QTI with
Use of Online Machine Translation for Nursing Literature: A Questionnaire-Based Survey
Background: The language barrier is a significant obstacle for nurses who are not native English speakers to obtain information from international journals. Freely accessible online machine translation (MT) offers a possible solution to this problem. Aim: To explore how Japanese nursing professionals use online MT and perceive its usability in reading English articles and to discuss what should be considered for better utilisation of online MT lessening the language barrier. Method: In total, 250 randomly selected assistants and research associates at nursing colleges across Japan answered a questionnaire examining the current use of online MT and perceived usability among Japanese nurses, along with the number of articles read in English and the perceived language barrier. The items were rated on Likert scales, and t-test, ANOVA, chi-square test, and SpearmanÆs correlation were used for analyses. Results: Of the participants, 73.8% had used online MT. More than half of them felt it was usable. The language barrier was strongly felt, and academic degrees and English proficiency level were associated factors. The perceived language barrier was related to the frequency of online MT use. No associated factor was found for the perceived usability of online MT. Conclusion: Language proficiency is an important factor for optimum utilisation of MT. A need for education in the English language, reading scientific papers, and online MT training was indicated. Cooperation with developers and providers of MT for the improvement of their systems is required.
Anazawa, Ryoko; Ishikawa, Hirono; Takahiro, Kiuchi
Validation of the Romanian translation of the ABC-V (Assessment of Burden in Chronic Venous Disease) questionnaire.
The objective of this study was a psychometric evaluation of the Romanian translated version of ABC-V (Assessment of Burden in Chronic ¢ Venous Disease) questionnaire in patients with uncomplicated varicose disease of lower limbs. All components of the questionnaire were translated from the English version into the Romanian language and after that backwards, discussed, adopted and pre-tested. Evaluation of the final version of the translated questionnaire demonstrated acceptable results: missed questions in 3% of forms, no ceiling effect and low floor effect, good split-half reliability (rs = 0.61,p < 0.01) and significant correlation between test and re-tests cores (rs = 0.86, p < 0.01). There was no significant influence of age and sex upon average ABC-V scores. Study results support the application of ABC-V questionnaire for assessing the severity of chronic venous disease as well as for quantitative evaluation of patient satisfaction and health status improvement after varicose vein treatment in the Romanian-speaking population. PMID:23790788
Casian, D; Gutsu, E; Culiuc, V
The sexual quality of life-female (SQOL-F) questionnaire: translation and psychometric properties of the Iranian version
Background Female sexual dysfunction is a common condition that extremely affects reproductive health and quality of life. To assess this health condition, a valid and reliable questionnaire is required. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire in Iran. Method Forward-backward procedure was applied to translate the questionnaire from English into Persian. After linguistic validation and pilot examination, a cross-sectional study was carried out and psychometric properties of the Iranian version of questionnaire were tested. One hundred reproductive aged, married, healthy and sexually active women completed the questionnaire. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency (CronbachÆs alpha), and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient) analyses. In addition, content, and face validity were assessed and the factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing exploratory factor analysis. Results The mean age of participants was 33 (SD?=?8.07) years, and the mean quality of sexual life score was 86.4 (SD?=?1.78) ranging from 36 to 108. Most women were housewife (n?=?92). Reliability evaluation revealed high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. The CronbachÆs alpha coefficient was 0.73 and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.88. The mean scores for the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were 0.91 and 0.84, respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated a four-factor solution for the questionnaire that jointly accounted for 60.8% of variance observed. Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that the Iranian version of SQOL-F questionnaire has good psychometric properties and it will be useful to assess the female sexual quality of life in reproductive health care settings.
Translation and validation of non-English versions of the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQOL) questionnaire
BACKGROUND: The Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQOL) questionnaire is a unidimensional, disease-specific measure developed in the UK and the Netherlands. This study describes its adaptation into other languages. METHODS: The UK English ASQOL was translated into US English; Canadian French and English; French; German; Italian; Spanish; and Swedish (dual-panel methods). Cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted with AS patients. Psychometric\\/scaling
Lynda C Doward; Stephen P McKenna; David M Meads; James Twiss; Dennis Revicki; Robert L Wong; Michelle P Luo
Translation, transcultural adaptation to Spanish, to Valencian language of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire
ObjectiveThe Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) is a foot-specific health-related quality-of-life instrument that evaluates foot pain, foot function capacity, footwear and general foot health. This questionnaire was developed and validated for the English culture and has been used in different foot conditions. Our goal is to present the Spanish version of FHSQ after conducting a cross-cultural adaptation.
M. J. Sirera-Vercher; P. Sßez-Zamora; M. D. Sanz-Amaro
The ChQoL questionnaire: an Italian translation with preliminary psychometric results for female oncological patients
Background in Occidental languages, no widely accepted questionnaire is available which deals with health related quality of life from the specific point of view of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Some psychometric tools of this kind are available in Chinese. One of them is the Chinese Quality of Life questionnaire (ChQoL). It comprises 50 items, subdivided in 3 Domains and 13 Facets. The ChQoL was built from scratch on the basis of TCM theory. It is therefore specifically valuable for the TCM practitioner. This paper describes our translation into Italian of the ChQoL, its first application to Occidental oncological patients, and some of its psychometric properties. Methods a translation scheme, originally inspired by the TRAPD procedure, is developed. This scheme focuses on comprehensibility and clinical usefulness more than on linguistic issues alone. The translated questionnaire is tested on a sample of 203 consecutive female patients with breast cancer. Shapiro-Wilk normality tests, Fligner-Killeen median tests, exploratory Two-step Cluster Analysis, and Tukey's test for non-additivity are applied to study the outcomes. Results an Italian translation is proposed. It retains the TCM characteristics of the original ChQoL, it is intelligible to Occidental patients who have no previous knowledge of TCM, and it is useful for daily clinical practice. The score distribution is not Normal, and there are floor and ceiling effects. A Visual Analogue Scale is identified as a suitable choice. A 3-point Likert scale can also efficiently describe the data pattern. The original scales show non-additivity, but an Anscombe-Tukey transformation with ? = 1.5 recovers additivity at the Domain level. Additivity is enhanced if different ? are adopted for different Facets, except in one case. Conclusions the translated questionnaire can be adopted both as a filing system based on TCM and as a source of outcomes for clinical trials. A Visual Analogue Scale is recommended, but a simpler 3-point Likert scale also suitably fits data. When estimating missing data, and when grouping items within Domain in order to build a summary Domain index, an Anscombe-Tukey transformation should be applied to the raw scores.
Translation and validation of the Japanese version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A.
Severe antenatal fear of childbirth causes adverse effects on emotional well-being during the postpartum period. The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire is widely used to measure fear of childbirth among women before (version A) and after (version B) delivery. In this study, the original Swedish version was translated into Japanese, and its validity and reliability were examined among healthy, pregnant Japanese women. The Japanese-translated version presented a multidimensional structure with four factors: fear, lack of positive anticipation, isolation, and riskiness. Exhibiting concurrent/convergent validity, the Japanese version correlated with other psychological measures at expected levels. The Cronbach's ? (0.90) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.86, P?0.001) were high. In conclusion, the results provide support for the Japanese version to be considered a valid and reliable measure of prenatal fear of childbirth among pregnant Japanese women. PMID:23425355
Takegata, Mizuki; Haruna, Megumi; Matsuzaki, Masayo; Shiraishi, Mie; Murayama, Ryoko; Okano, Tadaharu; Severinsson, Elisabeth
The English Translation and Testing of the Problems after Discharge Questionnaire
The quality of hospital discharge planning assessments determines whether patients receive the health and social services they need or are sent home with unmet needs and without services. There is a valid and reliable Dutch instrument that measures problems and unmet needs patients encounter after discharge. This article describes the translationģ
Holland, Diane E.; Mistiaen, Patriek; Knafl, George J.; Bowles, Kathryn H.
Psychometric validation of the German translation of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD) questionnaire in patients with reflux disease
BACKGROUND: Symptoms of heartburn has an impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL). When a questionnaire is translated into a new language, a linguistic validation is necessary but not sufficient unless the psychometric characteristics have been verified. The aim is to document the psychometric characteristics of the German translation of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Quality of Life
Kßroly R Kulich; Peter Malfertheiner; Ahmed Madisch; Joachim Labenz; Ekkehard Bayerd÷rffer; Stephan Miehlke; Jonas Carlsson; Ingela K Wiklund
Spanish translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Questionnaire for Diabetes-Related Foot Disease (Q-DFD)
Purpose To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Questionnaire for Diabetes-Related Foot Disease (Q-DFD), originally created and validated in Australia, for its use in Spanish-speaking patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients and methods The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were based on international guidelines. The Spanish version of the survey was applied to a community-based (sample A) and a hospital clinic-based sample (samples B and C). Samples A and B were used to determine criterion and construct validity comparing the survey findings with clinical evaluation and medical records, respectively; while sample C was used to determine intra- and inter-rater reliability. Results After completing the rigorous translation process, only four items were considered problematic and required a new translation. In total, 127 patients were included in the validation study: 76 to determine criterion and construct validity and 41 to establish intra- and inter-rater reliability. For an overall diagnosis of diabetes-related foot disease, a substantial level of agreement was obtained when we compared the Q-DFD with the clinical assessment (kappa 0.77, sensitivity 80.4%, specificity 91.5%, positive likelihood ratio [LR+] 9.46, negative likelihood ratio [LR?] 0.21); while an almost perfect level of agreement was obtained when it was compared with medical records (kappa 0.88, sensitivity 87%, specificity 97%, LR+ 29.0, LR? 0.13). Survey reliability showed substantial levels of agreement, with kappa scores of 0.63 and 0.73 for intra- and inter-rater reliability, respectively. Conclusion The translated and cross-culturally adapted Q-DFD showed good psychometric properties (validity, reproducibility, and reliability) that allow its use in Spanish-speaking diabetic populations.
Castillo-Tandazo, Wilson; Flores-Fortty, Adolfo; Feraud, Lourdes; Tettamanti, Daniel
Interpersonal Teacher Behaviour in Primary School Classrooms: A Cross-Cultural Validation of a Greek Translation of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction
The present study investigated the psychometric properties of a Greek translation of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction Primary (G-QTIP). A sample of 273 primary school students from 17 Grade 5 and 6 classes in Cyprus public schools, as well as their teachers, participated in the study. Students completed a self-report questionnaireģ
Kokkinos, Constantinos M.; Charalambous, Kyriakos; Davazoglou, Aggeliki
Validation of the Greek translation of the obesity-specific Moorehead-Ardelt Quality-of-Life Questionnaire II.
Morbid obesity adversely affects quality of life. The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) needs specific measuring instruments. The Moorehead-Ardelt Quality-of-Life Questionnaire II (MA II) is an obesity-specific instrument widely used in bariatric surgery. The objective of this study was to translate and validate the MA II in Greek language. The study included the translation of the MA II followed by cross-validation with the Greek version of 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in subjects visiting an obesity clinic. Internal consistency was indicated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was studied using Pearson's correlations between the MA II, the SF-36 and the VAS. A total of 175 patients were enrolled in the study. Test-retest analysis was applied to 40 patients with a 15-day interval. A very good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.85 was shown. Excellent test-retest reliability was observed with an overall ICC of 0.981. Significant correlations between the Greek MA II and the other instruments as well as of each item of the MA II with the scores of SF-36 and the VAS indicated high construct and convergent validity. A negative correlation between the translated MA II total score and BMI confirmed high clinical validity. The Greek version of the MA II questionnaire has been generated and shown to be valid and reliable in measuring HRQoL in morbidly obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. PMID:22411571
Charalampakis, Vasileios; Daskalakis, Markos; Bertsias, Georgios; Papadakis, John A; Melissas, John
The Persian, Last 7-day, Long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire: Translation and Validation Study
Purpose To translate long form, interview-administered International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) from English to Persian and evaluate its validity, reliability and reproducibility. Methods A forward-backward translation procedure was followed to develop the Persian version of the IPAQ. A total of 218 respondents (53.7% women, aged 22¢76 yr) completed the Persian version in Tehran, Iran. To examine the test¢retest reliability, 48 healthy volunteers completed the IPAQ twice during a 7-day period.. The PA indicators derived from the IPAQ were assessed for reliability and were compared with aerobic fitness and body mass index (BMI) for construct validity. Results In general, the questionnaire was received well and all domains met the minimum reliability standards (intra-class correlation [ICC]>0.7), except for Leisure-time physical activity (PA). Aerobic fitness showed a weak positive correlation with all of the PA results derived from the IPAQ. A significant correlation was observed between the IPAQ data for total PA and both aerobic fitness (r=0.33, P<0.001) and BMI (r=0.26, P<0.001). Performing a known group comparison analysis, the results indicated that the questionnaire was discriminated well between the subgroups of the study samples expected to be different in their physical activity. Conclusions The Persian version of the long form, interview-administered IPAQ had an acceptable reliability and validity for assessing total PA in our Iranian sample of individuals. It may be a useful instrument for generating internationally comparable data on PA.
Vasheghani-Farahani, Ali; Tahmasbi, Maryam; Asheri, Hossein; Ashraf, Haleh; Nedjat, Saharnaz; Kordi, Ramin
Validity and reliability of Persian translated version of Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Scoring System Questionnaire for Iranian children
Background Pediatric lower urinary tract scoring system (PLUTSS) is a questionnaire contains items for assessmentof wetting episodes, voiding frequency and pattern. It is used for screening and evaluation of the responseof children with lower urinary tract symptoms to therapy. We studied the validity and reliability of Persiantranslated version of this questionnaire among Iranian children. Methods One hundred and ninety-seven children aged 5-15 years with urinary tract infection, voiding dysfunction,enuresis were enrolled in this study. Thirty-three healthy age-matched children without urinary complaintwere considered as controls. PLUTSS questionnaire was filled out for all children. Sonography was performedto rule out urogenital abnormalities. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity of the questionnairewere assessed using CronbachÆs alpha, intra-class correlation coefficient, and ANOVA test respectively.ROC curve was used to define cut-point and its validity in discrimination between groups. P-value < 0.05was considered significant. Results The means for PLUTSS items were 6.8 (▒5.4) for voiding dysfunction, 14.4(▒5) for enuresis,10.5(▒7.8) for recurrent and 8.9(▒6) for single urinary tract infection, and 1.9(▒1.8) for controls (p<0.001).CronbachÆs alpha for the 14 items of questionnaire was 0.74. The intraclass coefficient correlation for assessingtest-retest reliability was 0.82 (p<0.001). ROC curve showed cut point of 5 for differing case from controls withsensitivity of 97.0 and specificity of 74.9(p<0.001). Conclusions Persian translated PLUTSS has a proper validity and reliability as an instrument for screeningchildren with urinary tract symptoms but some questions need to be changed in some way to be understandableby our culture.
Chinese translation and validation of the questionnaire on the process of recovery in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
Individuals recovering from schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders who have residual symptoms can achieve relatively normal work and social functioning in the community. This research aimed to test the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the 22-item Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery. The translated Chinese QPR had satisfactory semantic equivalence with the original scale and high Cronbach alpha coefficients and test-retest stability at a 2-week interval. When tested in 300 outpatients with psychosis, the Chinese version was found to consist of three factors (Self-Empowerment, Rebuilding Life, and Effective Interpersonal Relationships) with satisfactory correlations with patients' quality of life, self-efficacy, and functioning. The Chinese version appears reliable and valid as a measure of psychotic patients' perceived levels of recovery. PMID:23744628
Chien, Wai Tong; Chan, Zenobia C Y
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
An elementary version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and a scale for determining students'' Enjoyment of their Science Lessons (ENJ) were translated into Standard Malay. This process, together with its initial validation carried out in 136 classrooms with 3,104 students, is described in this paper. Statistical analyses revealed that data from this Malay version of the QTI with these Malay-speaking elementary school students in Brunei are indeed valid and reliable. Associations between students'' perceptions of their teachers'' interpersonal behaviours and their end-of-year results on an external science examination were investigated. Students'' perceptions of cooperative behaviours were positively correlated, while submissive behaviours were negatively correlated with their cognitive achievement. Cross-national comparisons were made between students'' perceptions of teachers'' classroom interaction and similar studies in Singapore, Australia, and Korea.
Scott, Rowena H.; Fisher, Darrell L.
The German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G11-14): translation process, reliability, and validity in the general population
The aims of this study were to develop a German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14, a measure of oral\\u000a health-related quality of life in 11¢14-year-old children) and to assess the instrumentÆs reliability and validity in German\\u000a children ages 11¢14. The English original version of the CPQ11-14 questionnaire was translated into German (CPQ-G11-14) by\\u000a a forward¢backward translation method. Reliability
Katrin Bekes; Mike T. John; Rona Zyriax; Hans-G³nter Schaller; Christian Hirsch
Reliability and validity testing of a Chinese-translated version of the 39-item ParkinsonÆs Disease Questionnaire (PDQ39)
The trend toward international cooperation in research projects emphasizes the need to translate existing validated tools into local languages. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of a Chinese-translated version of the 39-item ParkinsonÆs Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). Seventy-three Taiwanese individuals with ParkinsonÆs disease were consecutively recruited. The internal consistency reliability was satisfactory for all domains
Hui-Ing Ma; Wen-Juh Hwang; Mei-Jin Chen-Sea
Interpersonal teacher behaviour in primary school classrooms: A cross-cultural validation of a Greek translation of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction
The present study investigated the psychometric properties of a Greek translation of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction\\u000a Primary (G-QTIP). A sample of 273 primary school students from 17 Grade 5 and 6 classes in Cyprus public schools, as well\\u000a as their teachers, participated in the study. Students completed a self-report questionnaire consisting of demographic questions\\u000a and the G-QTIP. Teachers also
Constantinos M. Kokkinos; Kyriakos Charalambous; Aggeliki Davazoglou
The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30): translation and validation study of the Iranian version
The objective of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the European Organization\\u000a for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). The English-language version of the\\u000a questionnaire was translated into Persian (Iranian language), and its final form was approved by the EORTC Study Group on\\u000a Quality of Life before
Ali Montazeri; Iraj Harirchi; Mariam Vahdani; Fatemeh Khaleghi; Soghra Jarvandi; Mandana Ebrahimi; Mehregan Haji-Mahmoodi
Assessing the burden of caregivers of patients with mental disorders: translating and validating the involvement evaluation questionnaire into Greek
Background The changes in the organization of mental health care services have made the role of the family even more important in caring for patients with mental disorders. Caring may have serious consequences for family caregivers, with a great impact on the quality of family life. This study reports on the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire-European Union (IEQ-EU) into the Greek language. Methods Caregivers of patients with major mental disorders were interviewed to test a modified version of the IEQ-EU questionnaire. Psychometric measurements included reliability coefficients, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory analysis by linear structural relations. To measure the concurrent validity we used the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Results Most caregivers were female (83%), mainly mothers living with the patient (80%), with quite a high level of burden. The Greek version of the IEQ-EU (G-IEQ-EU) demonstrated a good reliability with high internal consistency (? = 0.88), Guttman split-half correlation of 0.71, high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.82) and good concurrent validity with the NHP. A four-factor structure was confirmed for the G-IEQ-EU, slightly different from the original IEQ. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the four-factor model offered modest fit to our data. Conclusions The G-IEQ-EU is a reasonably valid and reliable tool for use in both clinical and research contexts in order to assess the burden of caregivers of patients with mental disorders.
The Validity and Reliability of the Sinhala Translation of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and PHQ-2 Screener
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was adapted and translated into Sinhala. Sample consisted of 75 participants diagnosed with MDD according to DSM-IV criteria and 75 gender matched controls. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating total score of PHQ-9 with that of Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II) conducted by a psychiatrist was the gold standard. Mean age of the sample was 33.0 years. There were 91 females (60.7%). There was significant difference in the mean PHQ-9 scores between cases (14.71) and controls (2.55) (P < 0.001). The specificity of the categorical algorithm was 0.97; the sensitivity was 0.58. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis found that cut-off score of ?10 had sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.97. The area under the curve (AOC) was 0.93. The sensitivity of the two-item screener (PHQ-2) was 0.80 and the specificity was 0.97. Cronbach's alpha was 0.90. The PHQ-9 is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing MDD in a non-Western population. The threshold algorithm is recommended for screening rather than the categorical algorithm. The PHQ-2 screener has good sensitivity and specificity and is recommended as a quick screening instrument.
Ekanayake, Shakya; de Silva, Varuni A.
The Validity and Reliability of the Sinhala Translation of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and PHQ-2 Screener.
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was adapted and translated into Sinhala. Sample consisted of 75 participants diagnosed with MDD according to DSM-IV criteria and 75 gender matched controls. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating total score of PHQ-9 with that of Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II) conducted by a psychiatrist was the gold standard. Mean age of the sample was 33.0 years. There were 91 females (60.7%). There was significant difference in the mean PHQ-9 scores between cases (14.71) and controls (2.55) (P < 0.001). The specificity of the categorical algorithm was 0.97; the sensitivity was 0.58. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis found that cut-off score of ?10 had sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.97. The area under the curve (AOC) was 0.93. The sensitivity of the two-item screener (PHQ-2) was 0.80 and the specificity was 0.97. Cronbach's alpha was 0.90. The PHQ-9 is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing MDD in a non-Western population. The threshold algorithm is recommended for screening rather than the categorical algorithm. The PHQ-2 screener has good sensitivity and specificity and is recommended as a quick screening instrument. PMID:24795822
Hanwella, Raveen; Ekanayake, Shakya; de Silva, Varuni A
AIM: To analyse the relationships between mental health and employment commitment among prisoners and the long-term unemployed (LTU) trying to return to work. METHOD: Fifty-two of 62 male inmates of a semi-open prison (Givenich Penitentiary Centre, the only such unit in Luxembourg), and 69 LTU registered at the Luxembourg Employment Administration completed a questionnaire exploring: 1) mental health (measured by
MichĶle Baumann; Raymond Meyers; Etienne Le Bihan; Claude Houssemand
Translation and validation of European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life Questionnaire -C30 into Moroccan version for cancer patients in Morocco
Background Understanding the effects of cancer on the quality of life of affected patients is critical to clinical research as well as to optimal management and care. The aim of this study was to adapt the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire into Moroccan Arabic and to determine its psychometric properties. After translation, back translation and pretesting of the pre-final version, the translated version was submitted to a committee of professionals composed by oncologists and epidemiologists. The psychometric properties were tested in patients with cancer. Internal consistency was tested using CronbachÆs alpha and the test-retest reliability using interclass correlation coefficients. Construct validity was assessed by examining item-convergent and divergent validity. It was also tested using SpearmanÆs correlation between QLQ-C30 scales and EQ-5D. Results The study was conducted in 125 patients. The Moroccan version was internally reliable, CronbachÆs ? was 0.87 for the total scale and ranged from 0.34 to 0.97 for the subscales. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.64 for ōsocial functioningö to 0.89 for ōphysical activitiesö subscales. The instrument demonstrated a good construct and concomitant validity. Conclusions We have developed a semantically equivalent translation with cultural adaptation of EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. The assessment of its measurement properties showed that it is quite reliable and a valid measure of the effect of cancer on the quality of life in Moroccan patients.
Psychometric validation of the Dutch translation of the quality of life in reflux and dyspepsia (QOLRAD) questionnaire in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Background The Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD) questionnaire is one of the best-characterized disease-specific instruments that captures health-related problems and symptom-patterns in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This paper reports the psychometric validation of a Dutch translation of the QOLRAD questionnaire in gastroenterology outpatients with GERD. Methods Patients completed the QOLRAD questionnaire at visit 1 (baseline), visit 2 (after 2, 4 or 8 weeks of acute treatment with esomeprazole 40 mg once daily), and visit 4 (after 6 months with on-demand esomeprazole 40 mg once daily or continuous esomeprazole 20 mg once daily). Symptoms were assessed at each visit, and patient satisfaction was assessed at visits 2 and 4. Results Of the 1166 patients entered in the study, 97.3% had moderate or severe heartburn and 55.5% had moderate or severe regurgitation at baseline. At visit 2, symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation were mild or absent in 96.7% and 97.7%, respectively, and 95.3% of patients reported being satisfied with the treatment. The internal consistency and reliability of the QOLRAD questionnaire (range: 0.83-0.92) supported construct validity. Convergent validity was moderate to low. Known-groups validity was confirmed by a negative correlation between the QOLRAD score and clinician-assessed severity of GERD symptoms. Effect sizes (1.15-1.93) and standardized response means (1.17-1.86) showed good responsiveness to change. GERD symptoms had a negative impact on patients' lives. Conclusions The psychometric characteristics of the Dutch translation of the QOLRAD questionnaire were found to be satisfactory, with good reliability and responsiveness to change, although convergent validity was at best moderate.
The German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G11-14): translation process, reliability, and validity in the general population.
The aims of this study were to develop a German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14, a measure of oral health-related quality of life in 11-14-year-old children) and to assess the instrument's reliability and validity in German children ages 11-14. The English original version of the CPQ11-14 questionnaire was translated into German (CPQ-G11-14) by a forward-backward translation method. Reliability was investigated in 1,061 subjects aged 11-14 years from a regional sample (Wernigerode, Saxonia-Anhalt, Germany) who were recruited during the annual dental public health examination. The subjects completed the CPQ-G11-14 and were clinically examined for the presence of dental caries, plaque accumulation, and malocclusion. In the reliability assessment, questionnaire summary score test-retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83, 0.73-0.94) and internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha, lower limit of CI = 0.87, 0.86). Validity of the CPQ-G11-14 questionnaire was supported by correlations with global ratings of oral health and overall well-being that were moderate in magnitude and met expectations (r = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.30-0.40 and r = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.24-0.35, respectively). In conclusion, the German version of the CPQ11-14 was reliable and valid in a general population of 11-14-year-old German children. PMID:21210166
Bekes, Katrin; John, Mike T; Zyriax, Rona; Schaller, Hans-G³nter; Hirsch, Christian
Content validity and internal consistency of the Dutch translation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire: An observational study
BackgroundPatient safety is fundamental to healthcare quality. Attention has recently focused on the patient safety culture of an organisation and its impact on patient outcomes. A strong safety climate appears to be an essential condition for safe patient care in the hospital. A number of instruments are used to measure this patient safety climate or culture. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire
Els Devriendt; Koen Van den Heede; Joke Coussement; Eddy Dejaeger; Kurt Surmont; Dirk Heylen; Renķ Schwendimann; Bryan Sexton; Nathalie I. H. Wellens; Steven Boonen; Koen Milisen
Translated TUS-CPS Questionnaires
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Results from the translation and adaptation of the Iranian Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (I-SF-MPQ): preliminary evidence of its reliability, construct validity and sensitivity in an Iranian pain population
Background The Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) is one of the most widely used instruments to assess pain. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the questionnaire for Farsi (the official language of Iran) speakers in order to test its reliability and sensitivity. Methods We followed Guillemin's guidelines for cross-cultural adaption of health-related measures, which include forward-backward translations, expert committee meetings, and face validity testing in a pilot group. Subsequently, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 100 diverse chronic pain patients attending a tertiary pain and rehabilitation clinic. In order to evaluate test-retest reliability, patients completed the questionnaire in the morning and early evening of their first visit. Finally, patients were asked to complete the questionnaire for the third time after completing a standardized treatment protocol three weeks later. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate reliability. We used principle component analysis to assess construct validity. Results Ninety-two subjects completed the questionnaire both in the morning and in the evening of the first visit (test-retest reliability), and after three weeks (sensitivity to change). Eight patients who did not finish treatment protocol were excluded from the study. Internal consistency was found by Cronbach's alpha to be 0.951, 0.832 and 0.840 for sensory, affective and total scores respectively. ICC resulted in 0.906 for sensory, 0.712 for affective and 0.912 for total pain score. Item to subscale score correlations supported the convergent validity of each item to its hypothesized subscale. Correlations were observed to range from r2 = 0.202 to r2 = 0.739. Sensitivity or responsiveness was evaluated by pair t-test, which exhibited a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the Iranian version of the SF-MPQ is a reliable questionnaire and responsive to changes in the subscale and total pain scores in Persian chronic pain patients over time.
Assessing disability in patients with rheumatic diseases: translation, reliability and validity testing of a Greek version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ).
The purpose of this study was to translate into the Greek language the HAQ, validate its psychometric, and also, to assess the degree to which questions in the scale did address common themes, using exploratory factor analysis. HAQ has been translated into Greek (HAQ-GrV), applied to 53 patients with rheumatic pathology and validated as follows: Cronbach's alpha for the estimation of the internal consistency, and the assessment of test-retest reliability, Spearman's rho for the assessment of concurrent validity, and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed the following: (a) The HAQ-GrV demonstrated very good internal consistency (alpha: 0.90), (b) test-retest scores produced no significant difference (P = 0.07). Spearman's rho ranged from 0.64 to 0.90 for each item. (c) Spearman's rho between HAQ-GrV and HADS was 0.31 (P < 0.05). (d) Factor analysis identified five factors with Eigen values ranging from 1.26 to 6.98, explaining totally 69.4% of the variance. PMID:18438668
Chatzitheodorou, Dimitris; Kabitsis, Chris; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G; Galanopoulou, Vasiliki
A Psycholinguistic Perspective on Bilinguals' Discrepant Questionnaire Responses.
Analyzes the differences in responses of 94 bilingual South African college students to questionnaires in both English and Afrikaans. Concludes that the use of translated questionnaires need not lead to biased results. (FMW)
Tyson, G. A.; And Others
Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Chinese version
The aim of the present study was to develop a Chinese version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-C) and to examine its psychometric properties in a sample of Chinese university students. The English version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was translated and back-translated prior to its administration to 791 participants recruited from two universities in Changsha, Hunan (China).
Xiongzhao Zhu; Randy P. Auerbach; Shuqiao Yao; John R. Z. Abela; Jing Xiao; Xi Tong
The Diagnostic Accuracy and Validity of the Teen Screen Questionnaire-Mental Health for Clinical and Epidemiological Studies in Primary-Care Settings
Background: To validate a brief, self-reported, Teen Symptom Questionnaire¢Mental Health (TSQ-M), for identifying adolescents with mental ill-health, designed for conducting epidemiological studies and clinical work in primary-care settings. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study of 146 adolescents, re-cruited six rural and urban schools, the newly developed TSQ-M as the measure for validation and General Health Questionnaire-12 item (GHQ-12) as the gold standard measure were administered by independent trained raters. Tests for diagnostic accuracy and validity were conducted. Results: A TSQ-M score of ?29 (Sn=75.68%, Sp=68.06, +LR=2.37, -LR=0.36, PPV=70.9, NPV=73.1) with the AUC of 0.79, is suggested for screening use in Indian populations. Besides the adequate face and content validity, TSQ-M has moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's ? = .64) suggesting that the construct of mental ill-health as conceptualized by TSQ-M has multiple sub-constructs. The presence of sub-constructs was demonstrated by an 8- factor structure, which explained 60% of variance. Conclusion: The TSQ-M is a psychometrically adequate, yet a brief measure, for clinical and research work in identifying mental ill-health among adolescents in primary-care settings in India.
Nair, MK; Chacko, Deepa; Rajaraman, Venkateswaran; George, Babu; Samraj, Leena; Russell, Paul Swamidhas
Workplace bullying in the UK NHS: a questionnaire and interview study on prevalence, impact and barriers to reporting
Objectives To examine the prevalence and impact of bullying behaviours between staff in the National Health Service (NHS) workplace, and to explore the barriers to reporting bullying. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire and semi-structured interview. Setting 7 NHS trusts in the North East of England. Participants 2950 NHS staff, of whom 43 took part in a telephone interview. Main outcome measures Prevalence of bullying was measured by the revised Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-R) and the impact of bullying was measured using indicators of psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-12), intentions to leave work, job satisfaction and self-reported sickness absence. Barriers to reporting bullying and sources of bullying were also examined. Results Overall, 20% of staff reported having been bullied by other staff to some degree and 43% reported having witnessed bullying in the last 6?months. Male staff and staff with disabilities reported higher levels of bullying. There were no overall differences due to ethnicity, but some differences were detected on several negative behaviours. Bullying and witnessing bullying were associated with lower levels of psychological health and job satisfaction, and higher levels of intention to leave work. Managers were the most common source of bullying. Main barriers to reporting bullying were the perception that nothing would change, not wanting to be seen as a trouble-maker, the seniority of the bully and uncertainty over how policies would be implemented and bullying cases managed. Data from qualitative interviews supported these findings and identified workload pressures and organisational culture as factors contributing to workplace bullying. Conclusions Bullying is a persistent problem in healthcare organisations which has significant negative outcomes for individuals and organisations.
Carter, Madeline; Thompson, Neill; Crampton, Paul; Morrow, Gill; Burford, Bryan; Gray, Christopher; Illing, Jan
EPA Science Inventory
The questionnaires used for the Arizona Border Study were prepared in English and Spanish formats. The Spanish format of the questionnaires was translated, back-translated, and tested on a group of local Spanish speakers with a goal of providing a translation in colloquial Spanis...
The Survey Questionnaire
Internet-based surveys are still relatively new, and researchers are just beginning to articulate best practices for questionnaire design. Online questionnaire design has generally been guided by the principles applying to other self-administered instruments, such as paper-based questionnaires. Web-based questionnaires, however, have the potentialģ
Ritter, Lois A. Ed.; Sue, Valerie M., Ed.
Psychometric Properties of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire
We examined the psychometric properties of a German translation of the Child Global Report version of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ). A total of 1219 German school-children (644 boys and 575 girls), ages 10-14 years participated in the study. The APQ was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory factorģ
Essau, Cecilia A.; Sasagawa, Satoko; Frick, Paul J.
Accelerating Translational Research
Accelerating Translational Research Coordinating and facilitating translational research initiatives across the NCI and the cancer research community. NCI Translational Science Meetings NCI Translates - July 28-29, 2011 NCI Translates - 2009 NCI Translates
Cross-cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese
Introduction The study objectives were to translate and adapt the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WRFQ) into the Brazilian Portuguese\\u000a language and evaluate its reliability in patients experiencing musculoskeletal disorders. Methods The cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the internationally recommended methodology, using the following\\u000a guidelines: translation, back-translation, revision by a committee, and pretest. At first, the questionnaire was independently\\u000a translated
Cristiane Helena Gallasch; Neusa Maria Costa Alexandre; Benjamin Amick
Precision translator
A precision translator for focusing a beam of light on the end of a glass fiber which includes two turning fork-like members rigidly connected to each other. These members have two prongs each with its separation adjusted by a screw, thereby adjusting the orthogonal positioning of a glass fiber attached to one of the members. This translator is made of simple parts with capability to keep adjustment even in condition of rough handling.
Reedy, R.P.; Crawford, D.W.
Reedy, Robert P. (Livermore, CA); Crawford, Daniel W. (Livermore, CA)
TUS-CPS Translations: Information for Researchers
Researchers can use the TUS-CPS translations with populations of interest to obtain information on current use of cigarettes, history of use, and cessation attempts. The translated questionnaires also include a shorter section on other tobacco use (cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, and snuff).
TUS-CPS series: KhmerTranslation
Khmer re?ised Fall 2005 A downloadable version of this document, and of other translations of the 2003 Tobacco Supplement to the Current Population Surve?, ma? be obtained from http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/studies/tus-cps/translation/ This questionnaire
Italian Version of the Self-Description Questionnaire-III.
Developed an Italian version of the Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ-III) and studied the reliability and factorial validity of this translated instrument. Results show that the translated version has psychometric properties similar to those of the original English version. (SLD)
Maggi, Stefania
Machine Translation and Other Translation Technologies.
Examines the application of linguistic theory to machine translation and translator tools, discusses the use of machine translation and translator tools in the real world of translation, and addresses the impact of translation technology on conceptions of language and other issues. Findings indicate that the human mind is flexible and linguisticģ
Melby, Alan
Development and Validation of a Cross-Cultural Questionnaire to Evaluate Nonulcer Dyspepsia: The Porto Alegre Dyspeptic Symptoms Questionnaire (PADYQ)
Despite its high prevalence, nonulcer dyspepsia is still difficult to study, due to the lack of adequate tools to measure significant outcomes. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a symptom-focused, disease-specific questionnaire to evaluate patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. For that, the questionnaire was carefully written following widely accepted terminology, so as to facilitate translation and validation
Guilherme Becker Sander; Luiz Edmundo Mazzoleni; Carlos Fernando MagalhŃes Francesconi; Andrķ Castagna Wortmann; Eduardo Andrķ Ott; Alexandro Theil; Vicenzo Da Cruz Piccoli; ┬ngela Cristiane Da Silva; Leandro Oliveira; Simone Beheregaray; Simone Matioti; Gustavo Somm; Josķ Roberto Goldim
The Reflux Disease Questionnaire: a measure for assessment of treatment response in clinical trials
BACKGROUND: Critical needs for treatment trials in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include assessing response to treatment, evaluating symptom severity, and translation of symptom questionnaires into multiple languages. We evaluated the previously validated Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) for internal consistency, reliability, responsiveness to change during treatment and the concordance between RDQ and specialty physician assessment of symptom severity, after translation into
Michael Shaw; John Dent; Timothy Beebe; Ola Junghard; Ingela Wiklund; Tore Lind; Folke Johnsson
Differences across the English and Translated Versions of the TUS-CPS
The English language questionnaire that accompanies the translations is slightly different from the English version fielded by the Census Bureau in 2003. These differences allow the translations to function independently from the original 2003 TUS-CPS. They also reflect additions to the questionnaires that appeared helpful based on the results of testing the translations.
Basics of Developing Questionnaires
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Whether developing questions for questionnaires or interviews or focus groups, there are certain guidelines that help to ensure that respondents provide information that is useful and can later be analyzed. This resource offers advice on developing questions for interviews or focus groups. It contains basics conducting the interviews, providing directions to respondents as well as guidelines for composing the content and wording of the questionnaire. This resource is aimed for use in workshops/conferences and is intended for novice evaluators.
Mcnamara, Carter
The functional status questionnaire
A comprehensive functional assessment requires thorough and careful inquiry, which is difficult to accomplish in most busy\\u000a clinical practices. This paper examines the reliability and validity of the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), a brief,\\u000a standardized, self-administered questionnaire designed to provide a comprehensive and feasible assessment of physical, psychological,\\u000a social and role function in ambulatory patients. The FSQ can be completed
Alan M. Jette; Allyson R. Davies; Paul D. Cleary; David R. Calkins; Lisa V. Rubenstein; Arlene Fink; Jacqueline Kosecoff; Roy T. Young; Robert H. Brook; Thomas L. Delbanco
Questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care in Spanish language
Objective. To develop and validate a questionnaire, in Spanish, for assessing patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care received in community pharmacies. Design. Selection and translation of questionnaire's items; definition of response scale and demographic questions. Evaluation of face and content validity, feasibility, factor structure, reliability and construct validity. Setting. Forty-one community pharmacies of the province of Santa Fe. Argentina. Participants. Questionnaire
Translator's preface.
Presents a preface from James T. Lamiell, who translates Wilhelm Wundt's Psychology's Struggle for Existence (Die Psychologie im Kampf ums Dasein), in which Wundt advised against the impending divorce of psychology from philosophy, into English. Lamiell comments that more than a decade into the 21st century, it appears that very few psychologists have any interest at all in work at the interface of psychology and philosophy. He notes that one clear indication of this is that the Society for Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, which is Division 24 of the American Psychological Association (APA), remains one of the smallest of the APA's nearly 60 divisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). PMID:23977951
Lamiell, James T
[Translational medicine].
Translational medicine is the emerging scientific discipline of the last decade which will set the benchmark for the pharmaceutical industry research and development, integrates inputs from the basic sciences of computer modeling and laboratory research through the pre-clinical and clinical phases of human research to the assimilation of new therapies and treatments into everyday practice of patient care and prevention. With this brief insight authors tried in their humble way to summarize the underlying basis, the present and the potential future of this emerging view, to draw attention to some of the challenges and tasks it faces and to highlight some of the promising approaches, trends and model developments and applications. PMID:22042316
Antal, Jßnos; Timßr, Attila
Philosophy of Glasser Questionnaire.
As part of the instrumentation to assess the effectiveness of the Schools Without Failure (SWF) program in 10 elementary schools in the New Castle, Pa. School District, the Philosophy of Glasser Questionnaire was developed. This 15-item scale measuring attitudes toward the philosophy of William Glasser had a coefficient alpha reliability of .77ģ
Masters, James R.; Laverty, Grace E.
The Theory of Questionnaires.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
To construct a questionnaire, a set tau of permissible questions is drawn up, i.e. questions which can be realized in practice and each of which makes sense in relationship to set E of events or a certain subset of this set. If under the fixed conditions ...
P. P. Parkhomenko
Diet History Questionnaire
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH Diet History Questionnaire Today's date: MONTH DAY YEAR |___|___| 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 01 Jan 02 Feb 03 Mar 04 Apr 05 May 06 Jun 07 Jul 08 Aug 09 Sep 10 Oct 11 Nov 12
The Gay Identity Questionnaire
This article describes the development of the Gay Identity Questionnaire (GIQ) which was derived from tenets of the Homosexual Identity Formation (HIF) model proposed by Cass in 1979. The GIQ is a brief measure that may be used by clinicians and researchers for identifying gay males in the various stages of homosexual identity formation. The test construction procedures included the
Stephen Brady; Wilma J. Busse
Translation and Interpretation.
Examines recent trends in the fields of translation and interpretation, focusing on translation and interpretation theory and practice, language-specific challenges, computer-assisted translation, machine translation, subtitling, and translator and interpreter training. An annotated bibliography discusses seven important works in the field. (112ģ
Nicholson, Nancy Schweda
Thai version of Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire
The English version of Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) was translated into the Thai language. The TFEQ Thai version shows good internal consistency and test¢retest reliabilities. Restraint and disinhibition scores, which were higher in females than males were correlated with body fat but did not relate to BMI. Disinhibition varied positively with restraint and hunger while restraint was negatively associated with
Supornpim Chearskul; Sudaporn Pummoung; Siriporn Vongsaiyat; Patriya Janyachailert; Sucheera Phattharayuttawat
Developing Written Questionnaires: Determining if Questionnaires Should be Used
This module provides a strategy for determining whether a written questionnaire is an appropriate means of gathering data to meet the goals of an evaluation. The authors define which conditions are suitable for using questionnaires.
Zalles, Daniel R.; Library, Online E.
Conversion of Questionnaire Data
SciTech Connect
During the survey, respondents are asked to provide qualitative answers (well, adequate, needs improvement) on how well material control and accountability (MC&A) functions are being performed. These responses can be used to develop failure probabilities for basic events performed during routine operation of the MC&A systems. The failure frequencies for individual events may be used to estimate total system effectiveness using a fault tree in a probabilistic risk analysis (PRA). Numeric risk values are required for the PRA fault tree calculations that are performed to evaluate system effectiveness. So, the performance ratings in the questionnaire must be converted to relative risk values for all of the basic MC&A tasks performed in the facility. If a specific material protection, control, and accountability (MPC&A) task is being performed at the 'perfect' level, the task is considered to have a near zero risk of failure. If the task is performed at a less than perfect level, the deficiency in performance represents some risk of failure for the event. As the degree of deficiency in performance increases, the risk of failure increases. If a task that should be performed is not being performed, that task is in a state of failure. The failure probabilities of all basic events contribute to the total system risk. Conversion of questionnaire MPC&A system performance data to numeric values is a separate function from the process of completing the questionnaire. When specific questions in the questionnaire are answered, the focus is on correctly assessing and reporting, in an adjectival manner, the actual performance of the related MC&A function. Prior to conversion, consideration should not be given to the numeric value that will be assigned during the conversion process. In the conversion process, adjectival responses to questions on system performance are quantified based on a log normal scale typically used in human error analysis (see A.D. Swain and H.E. Guttmann, 'Handbook of Human Reliability Analysis with Emphasis on Nuclear Power Plant Applications,' NUREG/CR-1278). This conversion produces the basic event risk of failure values required for the fault tree calculations. The fault tree is a deductive logic structure that corresponds to the operational nuclear MC&A system at a nuclear facility. The conventional Delphi process is a time-honored approach commonly used in the risk assessment field to extract numerical values for the failure rates of actions or activities when statistically significant data is absent.
Powell, Danny H [ORNL] [ORNL; Elwood Jr, Robert H [ORNL] [ORNL
Adaptation and validation of a questionnaire assessing patient satisfaction with pharmacy services in general hospitals
Objective The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Armando Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire into Arabic and validate its use in the general population. Methods The translation was conducted based on the principles of the most widely used model in questionnaire translation, namely BrislingÆs back-translation model. A written authorization allowing translation into Arabic was obtained from the original author. The Arabic version of the questionnaire was distributed to 480 participants to evaluate construct validity. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17.0 for Windows was used for the statistical analysis. Results The response rate of this study was 96%; most of the respondents (52.5%) were female. Internal consistency was assessed using CronbachÆs ?, which showed that this questionnaire provides a high reliability coefficient (reaching 0.9299) and a high degree of consistency and thus can be relied upon in future patient satisfaction research.
Al-Jumah, Khalaf Ali; Hassali, Mohamed Azmi; Al-Zaagi, Ibrahem
Hints for Designing Effective Questionnaires
The purpose of this article is to offer tips in designing quality questionnaires and on avoiding common errors. Some of the more prevalent problems in questionnaire development are identified and suggestions of ways to avoid them are offered.
Frary, Robert
Diet History Questionnaire: International Applications
ARP staff adapted the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) for use by Canadian populations in collaboration with the Alberta Cancer Board. This questionnaire takes into account the different food fortification polices of the US and Canada.
Guides & Reports for Questionnaire Design
Applied Research Program (ARP) staff use a variety of methods to develop and test questionnaires, including established Questionnaire Design Principles, empirical methods such as Cognitive Testing and psychometric methods such as Item Response Theory Modeling.
ATBC Study - Questionnaires and Forms
Skip to Main Content Home Contact Us Links Study Details Questionnaires & Forms Current Projects ATBC Study Bibliography Study Investigators & Collaborators Proposal Review & Collaboration Research Consortium Projects Questionnaires & Forms Baseline
Software Acquisition Process Maturity Questionnaire.
This package contains a copy of the software acquisition process maturity questionnaire. It is intended for those interested in performing and learning about software acquisition process appraisals. This questionnaire is not an appraisal method itself; ra...
J. Ferguson J. Cooper M. Falat M. Fisher A. Guido
Translational control in cancer
Remarkable progress has been made in defining a new understanding of the role of mRNA translation and protein synthesis in human cancer. Translational control is a crucial component of cancer development and progression, directing both global control of protein synthesis and selective translation of specific mRNAs that promote tumour cell survival, angiogenesis, transformation, invasion and metastasis. Translational control of cancer
Deborah Silvera; Silvia C. Formenti; Robert J. Schneider
Psychometric evaluation of Breast Health Behavior Questionnaire: Spanish version.
The purpose of the study was to test the psychometric properties of a culturally sensitive and theory-based instrument: the Breast Health Behavior Questionnaire. This instrument was translated into Spanish and back-translated at a third- to fourth-grade reading level. The pilot group consisted of 70 Hispanic women who attended a class at a local church. Subsequent to pilot testing, another 40 Hispanic women who attended a class at the local health department comprised the study sample. The participants responded to the 15-item questionnaire, which is formatted as a Likert scale. Content validity of the Breast Health Behavior Questionnaire was determined by a panel of experts. A factor analysis of this instrument showed five separate dimensions accounting for 71.82% of the instrument's variance. The three major components of self-regulation theory (schema, coping, and appraisal criteria) were found clustered within the first three dimensions after three items were discarded. The Breast Health Behavior Questionnaire demonstrated an internal consistency reliability coefficient of .7172. The psychometric properties of the Spanish version of this questionnaire warrant further research. The instrument may support a better understanding of the Hispanic woman's practice of breast health behavior. Eventually, the Breast Health Behavior Questionnaire may assist nurses in the formulation of culturally grounded interventions. PMID:11502042
Wells, J N; Bush, H A; Marshall, D
Survey and Questionnaire Tutorial
What are the important factors to consider when designing a survey? Would it be best conducted via telephone? Or would it be better to have a face-to-face meeting? These are but a few of the topics covered on this site created as a public service by the StatPac group. Visitors can elect to download the entire report on survey design here, or they can just click through the topics that interest them. Each topic includes a brief discussion of its relative importance, and the areas covered include questionnaire length, time considerations, question wording, and sampling methods. It's a thoughtful and helpful resource overall, and it's one that might be put to good use in an introductory statistics course in college.
Translation-coupling systems
Disclosed are systems and methods for coupling translation of a target gene to a detectable response gene. A version of the invention includes a translation-coupling cassette. The translation-coupling cassette includes a target gene, a response gene, a response-gene translation control element, and a secondary structure-forming sequence that reversibly forms a secondary structure masking the response-gene translation control element. Masking of the response-gene translation control element inhibits translation of the response gene. Full translation of the target gene results in unfolding of the secondary structure and consequent translation of the response gene. Translation of the target gene is determined by detecting presence of the response-gene protein product. The invention further includes RNA transcripts of the translation-coupling cassettes, vectors comprising the translation-coupling cassettes, hosts comprising the translation-coupling cassettes, methods of using the translation-coupling cassettes, and gene products produced with the translation-coupling cassettes.
Pfleger, Brian; Mendez-Perez, Daniel
Validation of the Karasek-Job Content Questionnaire to measure job strain in Vietnam.
The objective of this study was to validate the Karasek-Job Content Questionnaire in Vietnamese. A translation/back-translation of the questionnaire was performed prior to its administration to 344 health personnel in Vietnam. Several psychometric properties of the Vietnamese version of the Karasek-Job Content Questionnaire were assessed. A valid Vietnamese version of the Karasek-Job Content Questionnaire was produced, composed of five subscales based on the original theoretical model: Psychological demands, Social support at work, Decision latitude-Autonomy, Decision latitude-Authority, and Skill discretion. Internal consistency and reliability coefficients for each subscale of the questionnaire were satisfactory. The correlations with depression and work absence indicators were weak but statistically significant, as expected. The Vietnamese version of the Karasek-Job Content Questionnaire will help Vietnamese researchers and clinicians appropriately evaluate and document the job strain of workers in Vietnamese workplaces. PMID:24597435
Hoang, Thi Giang; CorbiĶre, Marc; Negrini, Alessia; Pham, Minh KhuĻ; Reinharz, Daniel; Hoang, Thi Giang; CorbiĶre, Marc; Negrini, Alessia; Pham, Minh KhuĻ; Reinharz, Daniel
Psychometric Evaluation of the T-CSUQ: The Turkish Version of the Computer Satisfaction Usability Questionnaire
In this paper we describe the development of a standardized computer satisfaction usability questionnaire for use with speakers of the Turkish language, the Turkish Computer System Usability Questionnaire, Short Version (T-CSUQ-SV). This new questionnaire, based on the English-language CSUQ, underwent careful translation and transformation through comprehensive psychometric evaluation. The results of the psychometric evaluation revealed an acceptable level of reliability,
O?uzhan Erdinń; James R. Lewis
Accommodating Translational Research
This is an article in a series illustrating the way scholars in communication have pursued translating their research into practice. The translational nature of communication accommodation theory and examples of its application are the focus of this contribution.
Giles, Howard
Multimodal interactive machine translation
Interactive machine translation (IMT) [1] is an alternative approach to machine translation, integrating human expertise into the automatic translation process. In this framework, a human iteratively interacts with a system until the output desired by the human is completely generated. Traditionally, interaction has been performed using a keyboard and a mouse. However, the use of touchscreens has been popularised recently.
Vicent Alabau; Daniel Ortiz-MartĒnez; Alberto Sanchis; Francisco Casacuberta
Translational ecology for hydrogeology.
Translational ecology--a special discipline aimed to improve the accessibility of science to policy makers--will help hydrogeologists contribute to the solution of pressing environmental problems. Patterned after translational medicine, translational ecology is a partnership to ensure that the right science gets done in a timely fashion, so that it can be communicated to those who need it. PMID:23837514
Schlesinger, William H
Paper to Electronic Questionnaires: Effects on Structured Questionnaire Forms
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
With the use of computers, paper questionnaires are being replaced by electronic questionnaires. The formats of traditional paper questionnaires have been found to effect a subject's rating. Consequently, the transition from paper to electronic format can subtly change results. The research presented begins to determine how electronic questionnaire formats change subjective ratings. For formats where subjects used a flow chart to arrive at their rating, starting at the worst and middle ratings of the flow charts were the most accurate but subjects took slightly more time to arrive at their answers. Except for the electronic paper format, starting at the worst rating was the most preferred. The paper and electronic paper versions had the worst accuracy. Therefore, for flowchart type of questionnaires, flowcharts should start at the worst rating and work their way up to better ratings.
Trujillo, Anna C.
Validating a Writing Strategy Questionnaire.
Focuses on the validation of a writing strategies questionnaire and presents the various stages in the validation process. The questionnaire was validated using a qualitative and quantitative method with two groups of participants from the target population--advanced nonnative speakers of English. (VWL)
Petric, Bojana; Czarl, Bernadett
Integrated Machine Translation System PIVOT,
The Integrated Machine Translation System PIVOT is a machine translation system using a knowledge base that accumulates knowledge of what is to be translated. The use of the epochal PIVOT system for machine translation system (inter mediate expression by ...
K. Muraki S. Ichiyama Y. Okazaki Y. Nagao Y. Aoki
TRWG Definition of Translational Research
TRWG Definition of Translational Research The Translational Research Working Group (TRWG) defines Translational Research in the following way: "Translational research transforms scientific discoveries arising from laboratory, clinical, or population studies
Civil Conflict in Northern Ireland and the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disturbance Across the United Kingdom: a Population Study Using the British Household Panel Survey and the Northern Ireland Household Panel Survey
Background: To date, no large-scale cross-comparative study of psychiatric morbidity in the United Kingdom has been carried out until recently when the Northern Ireland Household Panel Survey (NIHPS) included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in 2001. The GHQ-12 has been included in the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) since 1991 for England and since 1999 for both Scotland and Wales.
Helen Murphy; Katrina Lloyd
Regulation of Protein Translation
This Teaching Resource provides a summary and slides derived from a lecture on protein translation and is part of the course "Cell Signaling Systems: A Course for Graduate Students." The lecture begins with a discussion of the various components that perform the translation process and then proceeds to describe the initiation, scanning, and ribosomal entry processes. The lecture concludes with the signaling mechanisms underlying translation regulation.
Emmanuel M. Landau (Mount Sinai School;Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry REV)
Spoken Language Translation
\\u000a Researchers in the field of spoken language translation are plagued by a device from popular science fiction. Numerous television\\u000a series and movies, most notably those in the ōStar Trekö franchise, have assumed the existence of a Universal Translator,\\u000a a device that immediately understands any language (human or alien), translates it into the other personÆs language (always\\u000a correctly), and speaks it
Farzad Ehsani; Robert Frederking; Manny Rayner; Pierrette Bouillon
Key Person Questionnaire Baseline Analysis.
The report is from a USAC series produced by the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories designed to explore IMIS impacts on city administrative organization and behavior. The Key Person Questionnaire, which forms the basis for this report, examines basi...
S. R. Enion
Physical Activity Questionnaire Search Results
The Brunel Lifestyle Physical Activity Questionnaire a4 If you add together each session of pre-planned physical activity that you engage in during a normal week, how much time would you estimate that you spend in total?
Validation of a Persian Version of Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire
In Iran, road traffic injuries are the first cause of burden of disease and motorcyclists are the most vulnerable road users. Elliot and colleagues developed the ōMotorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaireö (MRBQ), on the basis of ReasonÆs ōDriver Behavior Questionnaireö (DBQ) in 2007. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of a Persian version of MRBQ. The 43-item MRBQ was adapted to Persian according to translation-back translation method. The questionnaire was significantly revised after assessment of content validity. In the revised version, 10 items of original MRBQ were deleted and 15 new items were added. The revised MRBQ was used in a survey of 518 motorcyclists. To assess the construct validity of MRBQ, we used Buss-Perry Aggression questionnaire concurrently on all of the subjects. After three weeks, we carried out the retest study on 119 out of 518 subjects. The mean age of the subjects was 32.5 years (SD=8.8). All of the participants were male with mean of 9.3 years of motorcycle riding experience (SD=7.3). Principal Components Analysis (PCA) showed six subscales: ōSpeed Violationsö, ōTraffic Errorsö, ōSafety Violationsö, ōTraffic Violationsö, ōStuntsö and ōControl Errorsö, which accounted for 36.44% of total variance together. For each of these subscales, CronbachÆs Alpha was between 0.79 to 0.91. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for six subscales and total questionnaire were from 0.73 to 0.91. There were significant correlations between MRBQ subscales and subscales of Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire. The results indicated that the 48-item Persian version of MRBQ is a suitable measure for studying motorcyclistsÆ behavior.
Motevalian, Seyed Abbas; Asadi-Lari, Mohsen; Rahimi, Habibollah; Eftekhar, Mehrdad
Trusted Translation Services
Administering multilingual Web sites and applications reliably, involves interconnected and multipart tasks, where trust in the involved parties and content translation sources is paramount. Published Web sites may reflect content from databases, content management systems and other repositories to manage related Web content. But a Web site mirrored wholly or selectively onto a target language version requires streamlined trusted processes. Traditionally, files are translated and transferred via FTP, e-mail, or other communication means. Similarly, translation instructions are communicated between involved parties through verbal instruction, e-mail, and instruction files lead to a variety of inconsistencies and lack of trust in the translation process. This paper proposes a Web service approach to streamline the translation processes and an integration of trust properties in the proposed translation Web services. Web Services have been instrumental in handling problems inherent to systems integration, allowing web-based systems to converse and communicate data automatically. The OASIS Translation Web Services Technical Committee has released a standard way for Web Services to serve the translation and localization business. This article proposes a framework to centralize translation services at a reputable source providing a workflow and a mechanism to quantify service trust. An implementation of the framework is also described in the context of a localization case study.
Atif, Yacine; Serhani, Mohamed Adel; Campbell, Piers; Mathew, Sujith Samuel
The Michigan data needs questionnaire
The data needs questionnaire is an element in the project design study for the Michigan Resource Inventory Act and is aimed at gathering information on what inventory information is required by land use planners throughout the state. Analysis of questionnaire responses is discussed. Some information on current use categories was tabulated. The respondents selected a broad range of categories at all levels of detail. Those most frequently indicated were urban categories.
Hill-Rowley, R.
The MPC&A Questionnaire
The questionnaire is the instrument used for recording performance data on the nuclear material protection, control, and accountability (MPC&A) system at a nuclear facility. The performance information provides a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the MPC&A system. The goal for the questionnaire is to provide an accurate representation of the performance of the MPC&A system as it currently exists in the facility. Performance grades for all basic MPC&A functions should realistically reflect the actual level of performance at the time the survey is conducted. The questionnaire was developed after testing and benchmarking the material control and accountability (MC&A) system effectiveness tool (MSET) in the United States. The benchmarking exercise at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) proved extremely valuable for improving the content and quality of the early versions of the questionnaire. Members of the INL benchmark team identified many areas of the questionnaire where questions should be clarified and areas where additional questions should be incorporated. The questionnaire addresses all elements of the MC&A system. Specific parts pertain to the foundation for the facility's overall MPC&A system, and other parts pertain to the specific functions of the operational MPC&A system. The questionnaire includes performance metrics for each of the basic functions or tasks performed in the operational MPC&A system. All of those basic functions or tasks are represented as basic events in the MPC&A fault tree. Performance metrics are to be used during completion of the questionnaire to report what is actually being done in relation to what should be done in the performance of MPC&A functions.
Adaptation and Validation of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form Questionnaire in the Greek Language
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the validity, reproducibility and internal consistency of a Greek translation of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF) questionnaire. Methods: The KDQOL-SF questionnaire was translated from English to Greek and was administered in 240 randomly selected patients undergoing hemodialysis in six Renal Units in Greece. The instrumentÆs validity was tested
P. Malindretos; P. Sarafidis; S. Spaia; A. Sioulis; N. Zeggos; V. Raptis; V. Kitos; C. Koronis; C. Kabouris; S. Zili; D. Grekas
Translation Commentary: A Happy Medium between Translation Curriculum and EAP
In this article, "Translation Commentary" refers to an English composition written by a learner of both English and translation, submitted together with his or her translation output. In an academic setting combining English-to-Chinese translation and English as a second language, this article deals with both the issue of translation and that ofģ
Shei, Chris C.-C.
Semantics via Machine Translation
Recent experiments in machine translation have given the semantic elements of collocation in Russian more objective criteria. Soviet linguists in search of semantic relationships have attempted to devise a semantic synthesis for construction of a basic language for machine translation. One such effort is summarized. (CHK)
Culhane, P. T.
Chloroplast translation regulation.
Chloroplast gene expression is primarily controlled during the translation of plastid mRNAs. Translation is regulated in response to a variety of biotic and abiotic factors, and requires a coordinate expression with the nuclear genome. The translational apparatus of chloroplasts is related to that of bacteria, but has adopted novel mechanisms in order to execute the specific roles that this organelle performs within a eukaryotic cell. Accordingly, plastid ribosomes contain a number of chloroplast-unique proteins and domains that may function in translational regulation. Chloroplast translation regulation involves cis-acting RNA elements (located in the mRNA 5' UTR) as well as a set of corresponding trans-acting protein factors. While regulation of chloroplast translation is primarily controlled at the initiation steps through these RNA-protein interactions, elongation steps are also targets for modulating chloroplast gene expression. Translation of chloroplast mRNAs is regulated in response to light, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this response involve changes in the redox state of key elements related to the photosynthetic electron chain, fluctuations of the ADP/ATP ratio and the generation of a proton gradient. Photosynthetic complexes also experience assembly-related autoinhibition of translation to coordinate the expression of different subunits of the same complex. Finally, the localization of all these molecular events among the different chloroplast subcompartments appear to be a crucial component of the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast gene expression. PMID:17661159
MarĒn-Navarro, Julia; Manuell, Andrea L; Wu, Joann; P Mayfield, Stephen
Flexible speech translation systems
Speech translation research has made significant progress over the years with many high-visibility efforts showing that translation of spontaneously spoken speech from and to di- verse languages is possible and applicable in a variety of domains. As language and domains continue to expand, practical concerns such as portability and reconfigurability of speech come into play: system maintenance becomes a key
Tanja Schultz; Alan W. Black; Stephan Vogel; Monika Woszczyna
The Translation of Metaphor.
Analyzes the purpose of metaphor, distinguishing five different types, proposes terms that describe its components, and lists seven procedures for its translation. It is claimed that metaphor is at the center of all problems of translation theory, semantics, and linguistics. (MES)
Newmark, Peter
Translations toward Connected Mathematics
The translation principle allows students to solve problems in different branches of mathematics and thus to develop connectedness in their mathematical knowledge. Successful application of the translation principle depends on the classroom mathematical norms for the development of discussions and the comparison of different solutions to oneģ
Applebaum, Mark; Leikin, Roza
Science Explorers Translation Project.
This paper describes a pilot project of Los Alamos National Laboratory (New Mexico) to translate a science education curriculum for junior and senior high school students into Navajo. The project consisted of translating a video, a teacher's guide, and an interactive multimedia product on the 1993 hantavirus outbreak in the Four Corners areaģ
Jacobs, Dolores
Enquete stylistique sur la traduction automatique de documents techniques. (A Stylistic Inquiry into the Automatic Translation of Technical Documents).
Describes a study that attempts to systematize the criteria required for accurate translations of technical documents. The results of a Linguistic Appreciation Questionnaire-Test, administered to 19 professional translators, were used to categorize the most common translation variables: style, structure, rhythm, and meaning of text in the hope ofģ
Loffler-Laurian, Anne-Marie
Lost in Translation: Reflecting on a Model to Reduce Translation and Interpretation Bias
Aim: This paper reflects on the language and translation challenges faced and interventions used whilst undertaking cross-cultural public health research in Nepal using translators. Background: The growth in cross-cultural studies and international research highlights the use of translators and the associated challenges for researchers with regard to cultural and linguistic issues when collecting data in one language and analysing and reporting in another. The specific challenges when using translators are frequently overlooked in the research literature and translators and the interpretation processes omitted from the research methodology and/or discussion. Methods: The experiences and challenges for an English-speaking nurse researcher working with a team of translators in a cross-cultural study on the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of young people in Nepal, in 2006, is explored in this paper. The paper employs a case study approach. The Study: Data were collected over four weeks observing the settings, and the SRH knowledge and practices of participants in two villages in Kathmandu Valley were identified using a questionnaire, which was administered as a structured interview, and from the nurse researcherÆs field notes. This provided information on the translation and interpretation events. Stages in the research process where error could occur are identified in the researchers model and the interventions taken to minimise these are discussed which clarify perspectives and opinions when researching in the field. Findings and Conclusion: Reflecting on translation and interpretation challenges during the data collection process in a language which the nurse researcher does not speak, can help reduce (or avoid) potential mistakes and error. The paper reflects on a model of translation processes which emerged during fieldwork which helps understand what events happened and what actions were taken to obtain the most accurate data. Using a model such as this for cross cultural fieldwork may be useful for both novice and established researchers.
Kirkpatrick, Pamela; van Teijlingen, Edwin
A Validation Study of the Dutch Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Known-Groups Validity
Objective: The 28-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) has been translated into at least 10 different languages. The validity of translated versions of the CTQ-SF, however, has generally not been examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and known-groupsģ
Thombs, Brett D.; Bernstein, David P.; Lobbestael, Jill; Arntz, Arnoud
Cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary validation of a zygosity determination questionnaire for twins in Sri Lanka
We report the process of adaptation into Sinhala of a questionnaire given to mothers of twins to determine zygosity. Adaptation and validation was carried out in three stages. Firstly, we used a nominal group to translate the English version and to assess the extent of agreement (consensus measurement) on the appropriateness of the translation and resolve disagreement (consensus development). Secondly
A Sumathipala; N De Silva; SH Siribaddana; MRN Abeysingha; DJS Fernando
Theory of Test Translation Error
In this article, we present a theory of test translation whose intent is to provide the conceptual foundation for effective, systematic work in the process of test translation and test translation review. According to the theory, translation error is multidimensional; it is not simply the consequence of defective translation but an inevitable factģ
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Backhoff, Eduardo; Contreras-Nino, Luis Angel
19 CFR 357.105 - Questionnaires.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...2009-04-01 2009-04-01 false Questionnaires. 357.105 Section 357.105...SUPPLY PROCEDURES ┬¦ 357.105 Questionnaires. For reviews conducted under...the Secretary normally will send questionnaires to potential...
...2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Questionnaires. 357.105 Section 357.105...SUPPLY PROCEDURES ┬¦ 357.105 Questionnaires. For reviews conducted under...the Secretary normally will send questionnaires to potential...
Translational Epidemiology in Psychiatry
Translational research generally refers to the application of knowledge generated by advances in basic sciences research translated into new approaches for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disease. This direction is called bench-to-bedside. Psychiatry has similarly emphasized the basic sciences as the starting point of translational research. This article introduces the term translational epidemiology for psychiatry research as a bidirectional concept in which the knowledge generated from the bedside or the population can also be translated to the benches of laboratory science. Epidemiologic studies are primarily observational but can generate representative samples, novel designs, and hypotheses that can be translated into more tractable experimental approaches in the clinical and basic sciences. This bedside-to-bench concept has not been explicated in psychiatry, although there are an increasing number of examples in the research literature. This article describes selected epidemiologic designs, providing examples and opportunities for translational research from community surveys and prospective, birth cohort, and family-based designs. Rapid developments in informatics, emphases on large sample collection for genetic and biomarker studies, and interest in personalized medicineŚwhich requires information on relative and absolute risk factorsŚmake this topic timely. The approach described has implications for providing fresh metaphors to communicate complex issues in interdisciplinary collaborations and for training in epidemiology and other sciences in psychiatry.
Weissman, Myrna M.; Brown, Alan S.; Talati, Ardesheer
The Turkish version of the safety attitudes questionnaire: psychometric properties and baseline data
ObjectiveTo test the psychometric soundness of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) in Turkish hospitals, examine differences in perceptions of safety and provide baseline data.MethodsThe SAQ (inpatient version) was translated with the back-translation technique into Turkish. Ten out of 50 teaching hospitals belonging to the Ministry of Health in Turkey were selected randomly. The Turkish version of the SAQ was administered
S?d?ka Kaya; Serkan Barsbay; Erdem Karabulut
Evaluating satisfaction with maternity care in women from minority ethnic communities: development and validation of a Sylheti questionnaire
Objective. To develop a reliable and valid questionnaire to evaluate satisfaction with maternity care in Sylheti-speaking Bangladeshi women. Design. Two-stage, psychometric study. Firstly, focus groups, in-depth interviews and iterative methods for translation and cultural adaptation were used to develop a Sylheti questionnaire, called the survey of Bangladeshi women's experience of maternity services from an English language questionnaire. Secondly, quantitative psychometric
Transcultural adaptation and validation of the "Hip and Knee" questionnaire into Spanish
Background The purpose of the present study is to translate and validate the ōHip and Knee Outcomes Questionnaireö, developed in English, into Spanish. The æHip and Knee Outcomes Questionnaire is a questionnaire planned to evaluate the impact in quality of life of any problem related to the human musculoskeletal system. 10 scientific associations developed it. Methods The questionnaire underwent a validated translation/retro-translation process. Patients undergoing primary knee arthroplasty, before and six months postoperative, tested the final version in Spanish. Psychometric properties of feasibility, reliability, validity and sensitivity to change were assessed. Convergent validity with SF-36 and WOMAC questionnaires was evaluated. Results 316 patients were included. Feasibility: a high number of missing items in questions 3, 4 and 5 were observed. The number of patients with a missing item was 171 (51.35%) in the preoperative visit and 139 (44.0%) at the postoperative. Internal validity: revision of coefficients in the item-rest correlation recommended removing question 6 during the preoperative visit (coefficient <0.20). Convergent validity: coefficients of correlation with WOMAC and SF-36 scales confirm the questionnaireÆs validity. Sensitivity to change: statistically significant differences were found between the mean scores of the first visit compared to the postoperative. Conclusion The proposed translation to Spanish of the æHip and Knee QuestionnaireÆ is found to be reliable, valid and sensible to changes produced at the clinical practice of patients undergoing primary knee arthroplasty. However, some changes at the completion instructions are recommended. Level of evidence: Level I. Prognostic study.
Neighborhood Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ) A1 In a USUAL WEEK, do you cycle in or around your new neighbourhood or new local area to get to or from somewhere (such as cycling to a shop or to public transport) or for recreation, health or fitness (including cycling with your dog)?
The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Elderly Japanese (PAQ-EJ) 1 Over 7 typical days, how often did you take a walk or ride a bicycle on errands such as going to or from a store or taking children to school?
Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) 13 Do you do any moderate-intensity sports, fitness or recreational (leisure) activities that causes a small increase in breathing or heart rate such as brisk walking, cycling, swimming, volleyball) for at least 10 minutes continuously?
Energy Balance Survey: Adult Questionnaire
The Physician Survey of Practices on Diet, Physical Activity, and Weight Control -- Adult Questionnaire is sponsored by the National Cancer Institute in collaboration with the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
An Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire
Investigations of the learned helplessness model of depression have been hampered by the modest reliability of measures of explanatory style: the habitual tendency to explain bad events with internal, stable, and global causes. We describe a new measure of explanatory style, the Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire, and its use in a preliminary study with 140 college students. Individual dimensions of
Christopher Peterson; Peter Villanova
Do Questionnaires Tell the Truth?
A recent project in higher education in which evidence of falsification was found is described along with two other projects that demonstrate the possibility for falsification. An advantage of standardized questionnaires and machine techniques for scoring and reporting is the low cost, but the need to detect and prevent falsification raisesģ
Turner, Joseph
The Greek version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).
We report herein the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation into the Greek language of the parent's version of 2 health related quality of life instruments. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is a disease specific health instrument that measures functional ability in daily living activities in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) is a generic health instrument designed to capture the physical and psychosocial well-being of children independently from the underlying disease. The Greek CHAQ CHQ were fully validated with 3 forward and 3 backward translations. A total of 143 subjects were enrolled: 82 patients with JIA (28% systemic onset, 24% polyarticular onset, 10% extended oligoarticular subtype, and 38% persistent oligoarticular subtype) and 61 healthy children. The CHAQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the systemic, polyarticular and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a higher degree of disability, pain, and a lower overall well-being when compared to their healthy peers. Also the CHQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the systemic onset, polyarticular onset and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a lower physical and psychosocial well-being when compared to their healthy peers. In conclusion the Greek version of the CHAQ-CHQ is a reliable, and valid tool for the functional, physical and psychosocial assessment of children with JIA. PMID:11510336
Pratsidou-Gertsi, P; Vougiouka, O; Tsitsami, E; Ruperto, N; Siamopoulou-Mavridou, A; Dracou, C; Daskas, I; Trachana, M; Alaleou, V; Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou, F
The Hungarian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).
We report herein the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation into the Hungarian language of the parent's version of two health related quality of life instruments. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is a disease specific health instrument that measures functional ability in daily living activities in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) is a generic health instrument designed to capture the physical and psychosocial well-being of children independently from the underlying disease. The Hungarian CHAQ CHQ were fully validated with 3 forward and 3 backward translations. A total of 127 subjects were enrolled: 67 patients with JIA (13.5% systemic onset, 42% polyarticular onset, 13.5% extended oligoarticular subtype, and 31% persistent oligoarticular subtype) and 60 healthy children. The CHAQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the systemic, polyarticular and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a higher degree of disability, pain, and a lower overall well-being when compared to their healthy peers. Also the CHQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the systemic onset, polyarticular onset and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a lower physical and psychosocial well-being when compared to their healthy peers. In conclusion the Hungarian version of the CHAQ-CHQ is a reliable, and valid tool for the functional, physical and psychosocial assessment of children with JIA. PMID:11510337
Orban, I; Ruperto, N; Balogh, Z
The Bulgarian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).
We report herein the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation into the Bulgarian language of the parent's version of two health related quality of life instruments. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is a disease specific health instrument that measures functional ability in daily living activities in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) is a generic health instrument designed to capture the physical and psychosocial well-being of children independently from the underlying disease. The Bulgarian CHAQ CHQ were fully validated with 1 forward and 1 backward translations. 137 subjects were enrolled: 77 patients with JIA (36% systemic onset, 30% polyarticular onset, 4% extended oligoarticular subtype, and 30% persistent oligoarticular subtype) and 60 healthy children. The CHAQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the polyarticular and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a higher degree of disability, pain, and a lower overall well-being when compared to their healthy peers. Also the CHQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the polyarticular onset and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a lower physical and psychosocial well-being when compared to their healthy peers. In conclusion the Bulgarian version of the CHAQ-CHQ is a reliable, and valid tool for the functional, physical and psychosocial assessment of children with JIA. PMID:11510327
Mihaylova, D; Ruperto, N; Kibarova, V; Teltcharova-Mihaylovska, A; Kalaikov, D; Stefanov, S; Lisichki, K; Bojidarova, M
Machine Language Translation Study.
Generalized programming systems are now in operational use which (a) maintain large stores of linguistic corpora or descriptive data, (b) perform automatic syntactic analysis, synthesis or translation, (c) prepare concordances or linguistic statistics, (d...
W. P. Lehmann E. D. Pendergraft
Lost in Translation
Lost in Translation? Introducing Planetary Boundaries into Social Systems. Fritz Reusswig, Wiebke Lass Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Identifying and quantifying planetary boundaries by interdisciplinary science efforts is a challenging taskŚand a risky one, as the 1972 Limits to Growth publication has shown. Even if we may be assured that scientific understanding of underlying processes of the Earth system has significantly improved since then, the challenge of translating these findings into the social systems of the planet remains crucial for any kind of action, and in many respects far more challenging. We would like to conceptualize what could also be termed a problem of coupling social and natural systems as a nested set of social translation processes, well aware of the limited applicability of the language-related translation metaphor. Societies must, first, perceive these boundaries, and they have to understand their relevance. This includes, among many other things, the organization of transdisciplinary scientific cooperation. They will then have to translate this understood perception into possible actions, i.e. strategies for different local bodies, actors, and institutional settings. This implies a lot of 'internal' translation processes, e.g. from the scientific subsystem to the mass media, the political and the economic subsystem. And it implies to develop subsystem-specific schemes of evaluation for these alternatives, e.g. convincing narratives, cost-benefit analyses, or ethical legitimacy considerations. And, finally, societies do have to translate chosen action alternatives into monitoring and evaluation schemes, e.g. for agricultural production or renewable energies. This process includes the continuation of observing and re-analyzing the planetary boundary concept itself, as a re-adjustment of these boundaries in the light of new scientific insights cannot be excluded. Taken all together, societies may well get lost in translation hereŚand we have not yet mentioned the societal management of other problems, such as wars and civil wars, or 'taming' the global financial markets. After having sketched this conceptual outline in some detail, we would like to focus on three planetary boundaries for illustrative purposes: GHG emissions, nitrogen fertilization, and biodiversity loss, and highlight some similarities as well as dissimilarities in the social translation processes involved. We would limit the range of examples to the EU, USA, and India. In a last step, we would like to illustrate a promising way of translating one specific planetary boundaryŚanthropogenic climate changeŚby a case study on how it is translated into urban energy and climate policies with the example of climate neutral Berlin 2050.
Lass, Wiebke; Reusswig, Fritz
?unayn ibn Is??qÆs Arabic translation of GalenÆs commentary on the Hippocratic Epidemics is an invaluable source for our knowledge of Galenic medicine and its transmission history, not least because much of it is extant only in Arabic. Its importance for the Arabic medical tradition is amply attested in the later medical literature. It also tells us much about the methods and self-image of contemporary translators. Throughout the translation, we find remarks by ?unayn discussing the quality of his source text, his own interpretation and also his attempts to reconstruct problematic or damaged passages. Based on an edition of these notes, their analysis and comparison to similar texts and GalenÆs own thought on editing and interpreting difficult medical texts, this article aims to situate ?unaynÆs methods in the context of the Greek-Arabic translation movement. It argues that his approach differs in important respects from that of preceding Greek-Arabic and Greek-Syriac translators and that he was indebted to Galen not just as a physician, but also as a translator and exegete.
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): translation and validation study of the Iranian version
BACKGROUND: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely used instrument to measure postnatal depression. This study aimed to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the EPDS in Iran. METHODS: The English language version of the EPDS was translated into Persian (Iranian language) and was used in this study. The questionnaire was administered to a consecutive
Ali Montazeri; Behnaz Torkan; Sepideh Omidvari
The Dutch Claustrophobia Questionnaire: psychometric properties and predictive validity.
Fear of suffocation and fear of restriction are thought to underlie claustrophobia and can be assessed with the Claustrophobia Questionnaire (CLQ; Radomsky et al., 2001). A first study tested the psychometric properties of a Dutch version of the CLQ. Students (N=363) completed a Dutch translation of the CLQ and a set of other questionnaires assessing other specific fears, anxiety or depression. Results confirmed the two-factor structure and showed that the Dutch version of the CLQ has good psychometric properties. A second study tested the predictive validity of the Dutch CLQ. Participants (N=23) were exposed each to nine claustrophobic situations with elements of suffocation, restriction or both. The Dutch CLQ was found to be a significant predictor of fear and respiratory reactivity during claustrophobic exposure. It can be concluded that the Dutch version of the CLQ is a reliable and valid instrument to assess claustrophobic fear. PMID:20558033
Van Diest, Ilse; Smits, Dirk; Decremer, Davina; Maes, Lori; Claes, Laurence
Tetanic syndrome questionnaire in stutterers.
Clinical symptoms of 32 stutterers--schoolchildren of 14-year average age were evaluated according to the questionnaire containing 45 complaints of tetanic syndrome. We found headache, fatigue, anxiety, paresthesias and hypothermia of limbs in 30 per cent of this group. More than 80 per cent of the patients had positive Chvostek sign and 60 per cent had positive ischemic and hyperventilation tests. PMID:1838877
Chytilovß, H; Pesßk, J; Steidl, L
Thai version of Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire.
The English version of Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) was translated into the Thai language. The TFEQ Thai version shows good internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities. Restraint and disinhibition scores, which were higher in females than males were correlated with body fat but did not relate to BMI. Disinhibition varied positively with restraint and hunger while restraint was negatively associated with hunger. Lowest restraint was shown in the group that reported liking carbohydrate, which is a major daily macronutrient among Thai populations. TFEQ Thai version is valid for future study of eating behaviors associated with health problems and diseases. PMID:20080140
Chearskul, Supornpim; Pummoung, Sudaporn; Vongsaiyat, Siriporn; Janyachailert, Patriya; Phattharayuttawat, Sucheera
Clinical trial participants' experiences of completing questionnaires: a qualitative study
Objectives To improve clinical study developments for elderly populations, we aim to understand how they transfer their experiences into validated, standardised self-completed study measurement instruments. We analysed how women (mean 78▒8?years of age) participating in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) cognised study instruments used to evaluate outcomes of the intervention. Setting The interview study was nested in an RCT on chronic neck pain using common measurement instruments situated in an elderly community in Berlin, Germany, which comprised of units for independent and assisted-living options. Participants The sample (n=20 women) was selected from the RCT sample (n=117, 95% women, mean age 76 (SD▒8)?years). Interview participants were selected using a purposive sampling list based on the RCT outcomes. Outcomes We asked participants about their experiences completing the RCT questionnaires. Interviews were analysed thematically, then compared with the questionnaires. Results Interviewees had difficulties in translating complex experiences into a single value on a scale and understanding the relationship of the questionnaires to study aims. Interviewees considered important for the trial that their actual experiences were understood by trial organisers. This information was not transferrable by means of the questionnaires. To rectify these difficulties, interviewees used strategies such as adding notes, adding response categories or skipping an item. Conclusions Elderly interview participants understood the importance of completing questionnaires for trial success. This led to strategies of completing the questionnaires that resulted in æmissingÆ or ambiguous data. To improve data collection in elderly populations, educational materials addressing the differential logics should be developed and tested. Pilot testing validated instruments using cognitive interviews may be particularly important in such populations. Finally, when the target of an intervention is a subjective experience, it seems important to create a method by which participants can convey their personal experiences. These could be nested qualitative studies. Trial registration number ISRCTN77108101807.
Holmberg, Christine; Karner, Julia J; Rappenecker, Julia; Witt, Claudia M
Validation of the Korean Integrative Medicine Attitude Questionnaire (IMAQ)
Background To develop a Korean version of the Integrative Medicine Attitude Questionnaire (IMAQ) in order to evaluate physician attitudes toward integrative medicine/complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Methods We developed a Korean IMAQ through careful translation of the 28-item questionnaire developed by Schmidt et al. A web-based survey was sent via email to 118 primary care physicians in Korea. The complete respose rate wasa 52.5%. The questionnaire's reliability and validity were verified using Cronbach's ?, factor analysis, and discriminant analysis. Results Although the Korean IMAQ exhibited excellent internal consistency, its validity was insufficient. Our results suggest that Western and Korean physicians may have different understandings of CAM and the concept of holism, as factor analysis showed that incorrectly classified items were mainly part of the holism conceptual domain. Furthermore, the sum of the items within the holism conceptual domain was not significantly different for physicians who had previously received CAM education. Conclusion This study developed and tested the first Korean IMAQ. We found that this version of the questionnaire lacks sufficient validity and requires further modification.
Kim, Jung-Ha; Lee, Jung-Bok
Translation: Aids, Robots, and Automation.
Examines electronic aids to translation both as ways to automate it and as an approach to solve problems resulting from shortage of qualified translators. Describes the limitations of robotic MT (Machine Translation) systems, viewing MAT (Machine-Aided Translation) as the only practical solution and the best vehicle for further automation. (MES)
Andreyewsky, Alexander
Translation control in apoptosis.
Regulation of protein synthesis, although known for many decades, has only recently begun to be recognized as a critical control mechanism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cellular stress response. One of the key advantages of translational control is the ability of cells to rapidly reprogram the protein output in response to internal or external triggers. This is particularly important during cellular response to stress that may lead to apoptosis by providing cells with a fine tuning mechanism that tips the balance between cell survival or apoptosis. In the following review we highlight several distinct mechanisms of translation control and provide specific examples of translational control during apoptosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Apoptosis: Four Decades Later". PMID:23070007
Liwak, U; Faye, M D; Holcik, M
Translational Repression by Deadenylases*
The CCR4-CAF1-NOT complex is a major cytoplasmic deadenylation complex in yeast and mammals. This complex associates with RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs to repress translation of target mRNAs. We sought to determine how CCR4 and CAF1 participate in repression and control of maternal mRNAs using Xenopus laevis oocytes. We show that Xenopus CCR4 and CAF1 enzymes are active deadenylases and repress translation of an adenylated mRNA. CAF1 also represses translation independent of deadenylation. The deadenylation-independent repression requires a 5? cap structure on the mRNA; however, deadenylation does not. We suggest that mere recruitment of CAF1 is sufficient for repression, independent of deadenylation.
Cooke, Amy; Prigge, Andrew; Wickens, Marvin
Automatic translation among spoken languages
The Machine Aided Voice Translation (MAVT) system was developed in response to the shortage of experienced military field interrogators with both foreign language proficiency and interrogation skills. Combining speech recognition, machine translation, and speech generation technologies, the MAVT accepts an interrogator's spoken English question and translates it into spoken Spanish. The spoken Spanish response of the potential informant can then be translated into spoken English. Potential military and civilian applications for automatic spoken language translation technology are discussed in this paper.
Walter, Sharon M.; Costigan, Kelly
Validation of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ-A) for Peruvian University Students
The paper describes the adaptation of the Adolescent version of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ-A) for university students in Peru. 672 male and female university students enrolled in the first years at a private university in Peru completed the AEQ-A translated into Spanish. All 90 items were scored on 5-point rating scales. A principalģ
Perez-Aranibar, Cecilia Chau; Van den Broucke, Stephan; Fontaine, Johnny
The Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ): A Validation Study in a Korean Context
The purpose of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the measurement scores of the learning organization culture, the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ), in a Korean context. A total of 1,529 cases from 11 firms in two major Korean conglomerates were analyzed. Rigorous translation procedures, including bothģ
Song, Ji Hoon; Joo, Baek-Kyoo; Chermack, Thomas J.
Psychometric Validation of the "Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire" with Mexican University Students
Introduction: The "Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire" (MSLQ) is a self-report instrument designed to assess students' motivation and learning strategies (cognitive, meta-cognitive, and resource management). In the present study, we focused on translate, adapt and validate the MSLQ to Mexican educational context.ģ
Ramirez-Dorantes, Maria del Carmen; Canto y Rodriguez, Jose Enrique; Bueno-Alvarez, Jose Antonio; Echazarreta-Moreno, Alejandro
Translational benchmark risk analysis
Translational development ¢ in the sense of translating a mature methodology from one area of application to another, evolving area ¢ is discussed for the use of benchmark doses in quantitative risk assessment. Illustrations are presented with traditional applications of the benchmark paradigm in biology and toxicology, and also with risk endpoints that differ from traditional toxicological archetypes. It is seen that the benchmark approach can apply to a diverse spectrum of risk management settings. This suggests a promising future for this important risk-analytic tool. Extensions of the method to a wider variety of applications represent a significant opportunity for enhancing environmental, biomedical, industrial, and socio-economic risk assessments.
Piegorsch, Walter W.
Translational research in retinology
Clinical laboratories are strong, integral partners in personalized health care. Laboratory databases hold a vast amount of data on human phenotypes, genotypes, biomarkers, progression of disease, and response to therapy. These structured and unstructured free text data are critical for patient care and a resource for personalized medicine and translational research. Laboratory data are integrated into many electronic medical records that provide ōsummary reportsö and ōtrendingö to visualize longitudinal patient data. Recent advances in ophthalmology such as gene therapy, cell therapy using stem cells, and also retinal prosthesis explore the potential of translational research marking a new era in research into the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.
Siqueira, Rubens Camargo; Jorge, Rodrigo
Internal initiation of translation.
Although the 5' cap-dependent scanning mechanism can account for the translational initiation of most mRNAs in eukaryotic cells, several viral and cellular mRNAs contain nucleotide sequences in their 5' non-coding regions that can mediate binding of ribosomes to the mRNA, regardless of the modification state of the 5' ends. During the past year, some nuclear proteins normally involved in RNA processing have been shown also to facilitate 'internal' ribosome binding. Unexpected dual functions have, therefore, been suggested for these RNA-binding proteins, in both RNA biogenesis in the nucleus and RNA translation in the cytoplasm. PMID:8129948
McBratney, S; Chen, C Y; Sarnow, P
Measurement Properties of Questionnaires Assessing Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review
Objective Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is commonly used by children, but estimates of that use vary widely partly due to the range of questionnaires used to assess CAM use. However, no studies have attempted to appraise measurement properties of these questionnaires. The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise and summarize measurement properties of questionnaires of CAM use in pediatrics. Study design A search strategy was implemented in major electronic databases in March 2011 and conference websites, scientific journals and experts were consulted. Studies were included if they mentioned a questionnaire assessing the prevalence of CAM use in pediatrics. Members of the team independently rated the methodological quality of the studies (using the COSMIN checklist) and measurement properties of the questionnaires (using the Terwee and Cohen criteria). Results A total of 96 CAM questionnaires were found in 104 publications. The COSMIN checklist showed that no studies reported adequate methodological quality. The Terwee criteria showed that all included CAM questionnaires had indeterminate measurement properties. According to the Cohen score, none were considered to be a well-established assessment, two approached the level of a well-established assessment, seven were promising assessments and the remainder (n?=?87) did not reach the scoreÆs minimum standards. Conclusion None of the identified CAM questionnaires have been thoroughly validated. This systematic review highlights the need for proper validation of CAM questionnaires in pediatrics, which may in turn lead to improved research and knowledge translation about CAM in clinical practice.
Toupin April, Karine; Moher, David; Stinson, Jennifer; Byrne, Ani; White, Meghan; Boon, Heather; Duffy, Ciaran M.; Rader, Tamara; Vohra, Sunita; Tugwell, Peter
Dose Translation Study - 1964.
Based on the exposure data collected in a 1964 X-ray exposure study, the gonad dose and the genetically significant dose for the U.S. population have been estimated in the dose translation study. The application of several models was required in the proce...
J. Gitlin, N. Goldstein, J. Gaskill
"Rose Blanche" in Translation
This comparative study focuses on three editions of "Rose Blanche," Roberto Innocenti's picturebook portrayal of a young girl who discovers a Nazi concentration camp on the outskirts of her German city. The original text, written in French by Christophe Gallaz to accompany Innocenti's illustrations, was translated into English and published in theģ
Stan, Susan
Machine Aids to Translation.
Describes the TEAM Program System of the Siemens Language Services Department, particularly the main features of its terminology data bank. Discusses criteria to which stored terminology must conform and methods of data bank utilization. Concludes by summarizing the consequences that machine-aided translation development has had for theģ
Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz
UHV piezoelectric translator
A UHV compatible piezoelectric translator has been developed to correct for angular misalignments in the crysals of a UHV x-ray monochromator. The unit is small, bakeable to 150/sup 0/C, and uses only ceramic materials for insulation. We report on the construction details, vacuum compatibility, mechanical properties, and uses of the device.
Oversluizen, T.; Watson, G.
Style Shift in Translation
The phenomenon of style shift in translated texts is ascribed mainly to textual incompatibility in terms of rhetorical asymmetry and divergence at the formality level. Mandatory shifts result from a systematic dissimilarity between the source language and the target language in terms of the underlying system of syntax, semantics and rhetoricalģ
Al-Qinai, Jamal
Applicability of the Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) and the Attention to Body Shape scale (ABS) in Japanese males and females
ObjectivesTo determine applicability of the Japanese-translated versions of the Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) and the Attention to the Body Shape Scale (ABS) in Japanese males and females.
Masaharu Kagawa; Hayato Uchida; Kazuhiro Uenishi; Colin W. Binns; Andrew P. Hills
Cross Cultural Adaptation of the Menopause Specific Questionnaire into the Persian Language
Background: The menopause-specific quality-of-life (MENQOL) was developed as a specific tool to measure the health-related quality-of-life in menopausal women. Recently, it has been translated into about 15 languages. Aim: This study was performed to develop the Persian version of the MENQOL questionnaire from the original English language version. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that evaluated 300 menopausal women attending five primary health-care centers in Shiraz. The ōforward-backwardö procedure was applied to translate the questionnaire from English to Persian by two independent translators and then back translated into English and was checked to ensure the correct translation. Then, participants were interviewed and the questionnaire filled out. Results: Over all Cronbach's alpha was 0.9 and in subscales of vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual were 0.8, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.3, respectively. However, the major items were acceptable (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7), but internal consistency in sexual item was poor (Cronbach's alpha = 0.3). The result of internal consistency was acceptable in subgroups of age, disease, education, marital status and smoking habit. Conclusions: The Persian MENQOL questionnaire demonstrates good internal consistency in vasomotor, physical and psychosocial domains, but not sexual. Therefore we suggest that, the items: ōVaginal dryness during intercourseö and ōweight gainö should be deleted in Persian version of the MENQOL. This questionnaire can be used in Persian language and Iranian culture in different subgroups of age, marital status and educational level as well as in individuals with hypertension and diabetes.
Ghazanfarpour, M; Kaviani, M; Rezaiee, M; Ghaderi, E; Zandvakili, F
Lost in translation
ōYoungö APE-type non-LTR retrotransposons (non-LTRs) typically encode two open reading frames (ORFs 1 and 2). The shorter ORF1 translation product (ORF1p) comprises an RNA binding activity, thought to bind to non-LTR transcript RNA, protect against nuclease degradation and specify nuclear import of the ribonuclear protein complex (RNP). ORF2 encodes a multifunctional protein (ORF2p) comprising apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) and reverse-transcriptase (RT) activities, responsible for genome replication and re-integration into chromosomal DNA. However, some clades of APE-type non-LTRs only encode a single ORFŚcorresponding to the multifunctional ORF2p outlined above (and for simplicity referred-to as ORF2 below). The absence of an ORF1 correlates with the acquisition of a 2A oligopeptide translational recoding element (some 18¢30 amino acids) into the N-terminal region of ORF2p. In the case of non-LTRs encoding two ORFs, the presence of ORF1 would necessarily downregulate the translation of ORF2. We argue that in the absence of an ORF1, 2A could provide the corresponding translational downregulation of ORF2. While multiple molecules of ORF1p are required to decorate the non-LTR transcript RNA in the cytoplasm, conceivably only a single molecule of ORF2p is required for target-primed reverse transcription/integration in the nucleus. Why would the translation of ORF2 need to be controlled by such mechanisms? An ōexcessö of ORF2p could result in disadvantageous levels of genome instability by, for example, enhancing short, interspersed, element (SINE) retrotransposition and the generation of processed pseudogenes. If so, the acquisition of mechanismsŚsuch as 2AŚto control ORF2p biogenesis would be advantageous.
Luke, Garry A; Roulston, Claire; Odon, Valerie; de Felipe, Pablo; Sukhodub, Andriy; Ryan, Martin D
Manual for the Minnesota Importance Questionnaire.
The Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ) measures 20 vocational needs of the individual. The reliability of the MIQ, consisting of a self-administering, 210-item pair comparison questionnaire, was demonstrated in tests involving 5,358 individuals. MIQ...
E. G. Gay D. J. Weiss D. D. Hendel
A Brief Guide to Questionnaire Development
This comprehensive guide leads the user step-by-step through questionnaire creation. Topics include preliminary considerations, writing the questionnaire items, issues that may come up when giving the questionnaire, statistical considerations, and references for further reading. This resource is intended for novice and professional evaluators.
Progress in Documentation: Machine Translation and Machine-Aided Translation.
Discusses the prospects for fully automatic machine translation of good quality. Sections include history and background, operational and experimental machine translation systems of recent years, descriptions of interactive systems and machine-assisted translation, and a general survey of present problems and future possibilities. (VT)
Hutchins, W. J.
Translating Patient Satisfaction into Chinese: A Pilot Study of a Systematic Translation Method for Health Services Research Survey Instruments
Aims This paper is a report of a descriptive comparative pilot study of use of a method that simultaneously tests the content validity and quality of translation of English-to-Chinese translations of two patient satisfaction questionnaires: the La Monica Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale and Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems. Background Patient satisfaction is an important indicator of the quality of healthcare services. In China, however, few good translations of patient satisfaction instruments sensitive to nursing services exist. Methods The descriptive pilot study took place in 2009 and used Content Validity Indexing techniques to evaluate the content, context, and criterion relevance of a survey question. The expert raters were ten nursing faculty and ten patients who evaluated the two patient satisfaction questionnaires. The experts evaluated the relevance each item on a scale of 1 to 4 and the research team compared their responses to choose the most appropriate. Only the nurse faculty experts, who were bilingual, evaluated the quality of the translation using a binary rating. Results The ōNurse Raterö relevance scores of the LaMonica-Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale and the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems were .96 and .95 respectively while the patientÆs overall relevance scores were .89 and .95. A Mann-Whitney U test demonstrated that results between the two groups were significantly different (p=.0135). Conclusions Using content validity indexing simultaneously with translation processes was valuable for selecting and evaluating survey instruments in different contexts.
Liu, Ke; Squires, Allison; You, Li-Ming
Project-specific Machine Translation.
This report details a project-specific method for translating a book- length text. The method used a human-in-the-loop strategy to iteratively and incrementally produce a progressively more accurate statistical machine translation system. The system gener...
J. J. Morgan
Translational Research in Space Exploration
This viewgraph presentation reviews NASA's role in medical translational research, and the importance in research for space exploration. The application of medical research for space exploration translates to health care in space medicine, and on earth.
Iyengar, M. Sriram; Johnson-Throop, Kathy A.; Bernstam, Elmer; Meric-Bernstam, Funda
Automatic Translation among Spoken Languages.
The Machine Aided Voice Translation (MAVT) system was developed in response to the shortage of experienced military field interrogators with both foreign language proficiency and interrogation skills. Combining speech recognition, machine translation, and...
S. M. Walter K. Costigan
Learning Translation Templates From Bilingual Text
This paper proposes a two-phase example-based machine translation methodology which develops translation templates from examples and then translates using template matching. This method improves translation quality and facilitates customization of machine translation systems. This paper focuses on the automatic learning of translation templates. A translation template is a bilingual pair of sentences in which corresponding units (words and pharases) are
Hiroyuki Kaji; Yuuko Kida; Yasutsugu Morimoto
Machine Translation from Speech
This chapter describes approaches for translation from speech. Translation from speech presents two new issues. First, of course, we must recognize the speech in the source language. Although speech recognition has improved considerably over the last three decades, it is still far from being a solved problem. In the best of conditions, when the speech comes from high quality, carefully enunciated speech, on common topics (such as speech read by a trained news broadcaster), the word error rate is typically on the order of 5%. Humans can typically transcribe speech like this with less than 1% disagreement between annotators, so even this best number is still far worse than human performance. However, the task gets much harder when anything changes from this ideal condition. Some of the conditions that cause higher error rate are, if the topic is somewhat unusual, or the speakers are not reading so that their speech is more spontaneous, or if the speakers have an accent or are speaking a dialect, or if there is any acoustic degradation, such as noise or reverberation. In these cases, the word error can increase significantly to 20%, 30%, or higher. Accordingly, most of this chapter discusses techniques for improving speech recognition accuracy, while one section discusses techniques for integrating speech recognition with translation.
Schwartz, Richard; Olive, Joseph; McCary, John; Christianson, Caitlin
La traduction poetique (Poetic Translation)
A personalized account of methods, difficulties, successes and failures encountered in the translation of poetry. Some rules are given: distinguish kinds of translation, simple or artistic; neither systematically stick to nor avoid rhyme. Several French-German translations illustrate the points discussed. (Text is in French.) (AMH)
Schneider, Albert
Machine Translation for Academic Purposes
Due to the globalization trend and knowledge boost in the second millennium, multi-lingual translation has become a noteworthy issue. For the purposes of learning knowledge in academic fields, Machine Translation (MT) should be noticed not only academically but also practically. MT should be informed to the translating learners because it is aģ
Lin, Grace Hui-chin; Chien, Paul Shih Chieh
EJS Translation Facilities Video Tutorial
A video tutorial that shows how to author EJS models in multiple languages. The tutorial describes how to: Enable the EJS translation tool Translate strings within an EJS model Translate documentation pages Package and distribute a multi-language jar file
ULTRA: A Multilingual Machine Translator
ULTRA (Universal Language TRAnslator) is a mul- tilingual, interlingual machine translation system currently under development at the Computing Re- search Laboratory at New Mexico State University. It translates between five languages (Chinese, En- glish, German, Japanese, Spanish) with vocabular- ies in each language based on approximately 10,000 word senses. The major design criteria are that the system be robust and
David Farwell; Yorick Wilks
Translation and Text-Analysis.
The primary goal of translation is to enable an audience in a Target Language to understand a text/discourse which was ultimately not intended for them. The primary goal of text-analysis is to further the understanding of phenomena inside one language. There are several similarities between translation and text-analysis: both translation andģ
Barbe, Katharina
Translational Implications of Tamil "Hamlets."
Discusses the use of translation when teaching English as a Second Language in a Tamil context. Singles out the fencing episode in Shakespeare's "Hamlet" to illustrate the difficulties of translating cultural aspects. Concludes that successful translations of Shakespeare into Indian languages should involve collaboration between Shakespeareģ
Kanakaraj, S.
Validation of the Italian version of the Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (CFQoL), a disease specific measure for adults and adolescents with cystic fibrosis
BackgroundDisease specific, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measurement is important in cystic fibrosis (CF). This work aimed to translate the original English Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (CFQoL) into Italian, evaluate the linguistic translation and to psychometrically evaluate the Italian version of the CFQoL.
Fiorella Monti; Francesca Lupi; Francesca Gobbi; Francesca Agostini; Angelo Miano; Louise Gee; Janice Abbott
Translation and linguistic validation of the korean version of the dysfunctional voiding symptom score.
Although studies on pediatric dysfunctional voiding are increasing, there have not been enough efforts to validate the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS) questionnaire. Therefore, we aimed to translate and validate the DVSS into Korean. The DVSS questionnaire was validated between January and October, 2013. Two bilinguals independently translated the English version of the DVSS questionnaire into Korean, and then reconciled the forward translation of the Korean version. The original DVSS was back-translated into English, then assessed for equivalence to the original. Cognitive debriefing interviews with 5 patients to test the interpretation of the translation were made, then modified and distributed to 48 patients for re-evaluation. A statistical analysis of inter-scale correlation, and test re-test consistency was performed with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The changes from patient interviews were reflected in the final version. In an intra-class correlation, the Cronbach's alpha was high in all of the questions (0.97, P < 0.001). Test re-test Cronbach's alpha analysis of reproducibility was higher than 0.8 for all of the 10 questions (P < 0.001). Translation and linguistic validation of Korean version of the DVSS questionnaire was completed by a proper process, with high reliability and validity. PMID:24616590
Lee, Hahn-Ey; Farhat, Walid; Park, Kwanjin
The Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire.
The purpose of this paper is to summarize the development and testing of the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ) and to discuss several issues that have arisen in recent use of the instrument. The NSSQ is a self-administered questionnaire that measures multiple dimensions of social support. Three functional properties--affect, affirmation, and aid--from Kahn's (1979) definition of social support are measured. The network properties of size, stability (duration of relationships), and accessibility (frequency of contact) are also measured, as well as changes in the convoy or support system due to losses of relationships. Nine categories are used to determine sources of support. Graduate students of nursing (N = 130) were used as subjects for several studies to test reliability and validity, and employed adults (N = 136) were used for additional validity testing and to provide normative data. Reliability was established through analysis of internal consistency and test-retest measures taken a week apart. Very high levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability were found for the functional and network properties, and medium levels for the loss items. At a 7-month retesting, medium levels of stability were found, and the instrument was sensitive to changes in the network composition over time. Although the network composition changed, the overall level of functional support remained stable. Validity of the NSSQ was tested in relation to response bias and concurrent, construct, and predictive validity. The results indicated that the instrument is free from the response bias of social desirability. Medium levels of concurrent validity were shown with two other social support instruments. Construct validity was demonstrated by significant associations between NSSQ measures and two interpersonal constructs expected to be related to social support, while no significant relationships were found between the NSSQ measures and an unrelated interpersonal construct. Predictive validity was tested by examining the hypothesis that social support serves as a buffer for life stress. Among the functional properties, the interaction of aid and life stress accounted for 13.2% of the variance in negative mood. Of the network properties, duration of relationships had significant main and interaction effects, accounting together for 19.3% of the variance in negative mood. Normative data from a sample of employed adults provide means and standard deviations for each subscale and variable of the NSSQ, as well as descriptive data about sources of support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID:6536338
Norbeck, J S
Assessing Safety Culture in Pharmacies: The psychometric validation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) in a national sample of community pharmacies in Sweden
BACKGROUND: Safety culture assessment is increasingly recognized as an important component in healthcare quality improvement, also in pharmacies. One of the most commonly used and rigorously validated tools to measure safety culture is the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire; SAQ. This study presents the validation of the SAQ for use in Swedish pharmacies. The psychometric properties of the translated questionnaire are presented
Annika Nordķn-Hõgg; J Bryan Sexton; Sofia Kõlvemark-Sporrong; Lena Ring; ┼sa Kettis-Lindblad
FACT-G: Reliability and validity of the Malayalam translation
Background: Emphasis is currently being placed on the need for quality of life in cancer survivors. There is a great need to identify an appropriate tool for quality of life estimation in these linguistically and culturally different settings. Patients and method: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaire was translated into the Malayalam language complying with the standard cross-cultural
B. C. Thomas; M. Pandey; K. Ramdas; P. Sebastian; M. K. Nair
Development and Validation of the Korean Rome III Questionnaire for Diagnosis of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Background/Aims A self-report questionnaire is frequently used to measure symptoms reliably and to distinguish patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) from those with other conditions. We produced and validated a cross-cultural adaptation of the Rome III questionnaire for diagnosis of FGIDs in Korea. Methods The Korean version of the Rome III (Rome III-K) questionnaire was developed through structural translational processes. Subsequently, reliability was measured by a test-retest procedure. Convergent validity was evaluated by comparing self-reported questionnaire data with the subsequent completion of the questionnaire by the physician based on an interview and with the clinical diagnosis. Concurrent validation using the validated Korean version of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) was adopted to demonstrate discriminant validity. Results A total of 306 subjects were studied. Test-retest reliability was good, with a median Cronbach's ? value of 0.83 (range, 0.71-0.97). The degree of agreement between patient-administered and physician-administered questionnaires to diagnose FGIDs was excellent; the ? index was 0.949 for irritable bowel syndrome, 0.883 for functional dyspepsia and 0.927 for functional heartburn. The physician's clinical diagnosis of functional dyspepsia showed the most marked discrepancy with that based on the self-administered questionnaire. Almost all SF-36 domains were impaired in participants diagnosed with one of these FGIDs according to the Rome III-K. Conclusions We developed the Rome III-K questionnaire though structural translational processes, and it revealed good test-retest reliability and satisfactory construct validity. These results suggest that this instrument will be useful for clinical and research assessments in the Korean population.
Song, Kyung Ho; Min, Byung-Hoon; Youn, Young Hoon; Choi, Kee Don; Keum, Bo Ra; Huh, Kyu Chan
Translational PET imaging research.
The goal of any early central nervous system (CNS) drug development program is always to test the mechanism and not the molecule in order to support additional research investments in late phase clinical trials. Confirmation that drugs reach their targets using translational positron emission tomography (PET) imaging markers of engagement is central to successful clinical proof-of-concept testing and has become an important feature of most neuropsychiatric drug development programs. CNS PET imaging can also play an important role in the clinical investigation of the neuropharmacological basis of psychiatric disease and the optimization of drug therapy. PMID:24055214
Hargreaves, Richard J; Rabiner, Eugenii A
German version of the whiplash disability questionnaire: reproducibility and responsiveness
Background The Whiplash Disability Questionnaire (WDQ) poses a validated tool for the assessment of patients who experience whiplash-associated disorders. A German translation and cross-cultural adaptation was recently produced and presented high validity and internal consistency. As a follow-up, the presented study tests the translated Whiplash Disability QuestionnaireÆs (WDQ-G) retest reliability and responsiveness to change. Methods The WDQ-G was assessed on three different measurement events: first upon entry (ME1), second four days after entry (ME2), and third at discharge (ME3). Test-retest reliability data from ME1 and ME2 was analysed in a group of stable patients to obtain the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM). To test the instrumentÆs responsiveness, WDQ-G change data were compared to concurrent instruments. The probability of each instrument, to correctly distinguish patients of the stable phase (ME1 to ME2) from patients who deemed to have improved between from ME1 to ME3, was analysed. Results In total, 53 patients (35 females, age?=?45?▒?12.2) were recruited. WDQ-G scores changed from ME1 to ME2 by 5.41?▒?11.6 points in a stable group. This corresponds to a test-retest reliability of ICC?=?0.91 (95% CI?=?0.80¢0.95) with a SEM of 6.14 points. Minimal Detectable Change, at 95% confidence, was calculated to be 17 points change in scores. Area under Receiver Operator Characteristics of the WDQ-GÆs responsiveness revealed a probability of 84.6% (95% CI?=?76.2%¢93%) to correctly distinguish between improved and stable patients. Optimal sensitivity (73.2%) and specificity (76.2%) was established at 11-point change. Conclusions High retest reliability and good responsiveness of the WDQ-G support clinical implementation of the translated version. The data suggest, that change in total score greater than eleven points can be interpreted as clinical relevant from a patientÆs perspective. Minimal Important Change is suggested at 15 points where there is still high specificity and a 90% confidence MDC.
The Validation of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire
Objectives Subjective questionnaires are informative in understanding the difficulties faced by patients with hearing loss. Our intent was to establish and validate a new questionnaire that encompasses situations emphasizing binaural hearing. The Spatial Hearing Questionnaire is a self-report assessment tool utilizing eight subscales representing questions pertaining to the perception of male, female, and childrenÆs voices, music in quiet, source localization, understanding speech in quiet, and understanding speech in noise. Design The Spatial Hearing Questionnaire, composed of 24 items, is scored from 0¢100. It was administered to 142 subjects using one or two cochlear implants. Speech perception and localization abilities were measured, and the Speech, Spatial and Other Qualities (SSQ) questionnaire was completed to evaluate validity of the questionnaire. Psychometric tests were done to test the reliability and factor structure of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire. Results Results showed high internal consistency reliability (CronbachÆs ? = 0.98) and good construct validity (correlations between the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire and other test measures, including the SSQ, were significant). A preliminary factor analysis revealed scores loaded on three factors, representing the following conditions: localization, speech in noise and music in quiet, and speech in quiet, explaining 64.9, 13.0, and 5.3% of the variance, respectively. Most of the questionnaire items (12/24) loaded onto the first factor which represents the subscale related to source localization. Mean scores on the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire were higher for subjects with bilateral cochlear implants over subjects with a unilateral cochlear implant, consistent with other research and supporting construct validity. Conclusions The Spatial Hearing Questionnaire is a reliable and valid questionnaire which can be completed independently by most patients in about 10 minutes. It is likely to be a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers to measure spatial hearing abilities.
Tyler, Richard S.; Perreau, Ann E.; Ji, Haihong
Integrating Translation Feature Using Machine Translation in Open Source LMS
One of the problems in using English in Thai students is vocabulary limitation and the structure differences between English-Thai. This paper proposes a methodology to ease learning curve for English content by adding an English-Thai translation feature, including machine translation, in Thai open source learning management system called LearnSquare. This feature enables users to translate both in sentence level and
Orrawin Mekpiroon; Pornchai Tammarattananont; Narasak Apitiwongmanit; Neetiwit Buasroung; Thatsanee Charoenporn; Thepchai Supnithi
Teaching reduction strategies in translation
As learners, semi?professional translators often lack a fully developed notion of æcommunicationÆ, which in fact results in an element?oriented attitude to translation. This article describes how communication in reduced oral language can pave the way for an understanding of the importance of the communicative aspect in translation. By means of examples from teaching situations, from research using think?aloud protocols and
Inge Livbjerg
The Tenjinno Machine Translation Competition
\\u000a This paper describes the Tenjinno Machine Translation Competition held as part of the International Colloquium on Grammatical\\u000a Inference 2006. The competition aimed to promote the development of new and better practical grammatical inference algorithms\\u000a used in machine translation. Tenjinno focuses on formal models used in machine translation. We discuss design issues and decisions\\u000a made when creating the competition. For the
Bradford Starkie; Menno Van Zaanen; Dominique Estival
Validation of the Hungarian Translation of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Objectives: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a widely used screening instrument. The purpose of this study was to\\u000a evaluate reliability and validity of the Hungarian translation. Methods: The English version of the HADS was translated using the æforward¢backwardÆ procedure. The questionnaire was used in a large\\u000a scale study of 715 Hungarian cancer patients along with other screening
Katalin Muszbek; Anna Szekely; ╔va Mßria Balogh; Mßria Molnßr; Magdolna Rohßnszky; ┴gnes Ruzsa; Katalin Varga; Melinda Sz÷llosi; Piroska Vadßsz
Translated chemical reaction networks.
Many biochemical and industrial applications involve complicated networks of simultaneously occurring chemical reactions. Under the assumption of mass action kinetics, the dynamics of these chemical reaction networks are governed by systems of polynomial ordinary differential equations. The steady states of these mass action systems have been analyzed via a variety of techniques, including stoichiometric network analysis, deficiency theory, and algebraic techniques (e.g., Gr÷bner bases). In this paper, we present a novel method for characterizing the steady states of mass action systems. Our method explicitly links a network's capacity to permit a particular class of steady states, called toric steady states, to topological properties of a generalized network called a translated chemical reaction network. These networks share their reaction vectors with their source network but are permitted to have different complex stoichiometries and different network topologies. We apply the results to examples drawn from the biochemical literature. PMID:24610094
Johnston, Matthew D
Recollections of a translator
Some recollections are given which concern the visit in Moscow of the Leader of Romania Nicolae Ceausescu at the celebration of the 60-th years of the October revolution. The author of the recollections was a translator of one of the leaders of the Romanian Union of Communist Youth, which also participated to the celebration. A visit to Baku(Baki) is described, where a meeting with Geydar Aliev took place. A meeting between the son of Ceausescu, Nicu, and the Secretary of Soviet Comsomol Grigor'ev is descibed. Another interesting part of recollections reffer to a visit of Romanian trade-unions to Vilnius, the Capitol City of Lithuania. A trip to the hill of Dombay in North Caucasus is described. The recollections reffer to 70-th years of XX-th Century.
Gaina, Alex
AltaVista Babelfish Translation
The well-known AltaVista search service has teamed with SYSTRAN Software, Inc. (discussed in the January 24, 1997 Scout report) to offer this web page translation service in the language pairs of English-Spanish, English-French, English-German, English-Portugese, and English-Italian from the main Altavista page. Users can search and then simply hit the translate button, at which time the language options are given. Users may also use the direct translation page; at present this method is more effective when page content is cut and pasted directly than when an URL is specified. Translations, as might be expected, tend to be fairly wooden.
Developing a Questionnaire on Attitude towards School
The purpose of the present study was to develop a questionnaire to assess student attitudes towards school by describing the factors that affect these attitudes. For this purpose, a sample of 362 (11-13 years-old) elementary-school students was used. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out. The questionnaire consists ofģ
Seker, Hasan
Development of a Cuban Ethnic Identity Questionnaire.
The Cuban Behavioral Identity Questionnaire is a short, eight-item questionnaire answerable in a seven-point Likert-scale format. It inquires as to the frequency with which respondents engage in several ethnic behaviors and the degree to which they are familiar with Cuban idiomatic expressions and Cuban artists/musicians. (Author/NQ)
Garcia, Margarita; Lega, Leonor I.
Questionnaire Design: Asking Questions with a Purpose
This short document guides the user through the stages of creating and implementing an effective questionnaire. The types of questions and how they should be worded are addressed, and many good examples of the different types of questions that could go into a questionnaire are presented. This resource is intended for novice evaluators.
Taylor-Powell, Ellen
Applying Learning Strategy Questionnaires: Problems and Possibilities
This article discusses measuring learning strategies by means of questionnaires. In "multi-method" research, in which think-aloud measures are compared with questionnaires, low or moderate correlations are found. A conclusion often drawn is that learners are not able to verbally report on their learning activities. Alternative explanations concernģ
Schellings, Gonny
Manual for the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire.
The development, norming, and validation of the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ) are described. The questionnaire was developed to be a screening instrument for use by mental health professionals for the early detection of children's behavior problems. The scale was standardized on a group of preschoolers aged three to six, including maleģ
Behar, Lenore; Stringfield, Sam
Translation and validation of the Standard Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ-C30
The majority of quality of life (QOL) questionnaires have been developed and used in English-speaking or Western European countries. The aims of this study were to provide the Standard Chinese version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30 version 2.0), and evaluate its psychometric properties. The translation process included independent
Hong Zhao; Katsuya Kanda
Validation of the Arabic Humor Styles Questionnaire in a Community Sample of Lebanese in Lebanon
The Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) is a measure of two potentially beneficial (affiliative and self-enhancing) and two potentially detrimental (self-defeating and aggressive) humor styles. Validation of the Arabic translation of the HSQ in the Lebanese culture, in which the self is construed as interdependent and in-group relatedness is seen as the primary determinant of well-being, indicates that four humor styles
Dana Taher; Shahe S. Kazarian; Rod A. Martin
A Cross-Cultural Study of Personality with the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire
The cross-cultural stability of the factorial structure of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) was studied by comparing Israeli and American samples. The MPQ was translated into Hebrew and administered to 583 Israeli subjects. In the United States, a comparison group of 1,644 subjects completed the 300-item instrument. Replicatory factor analyses demonstrated the factorial stability of the MPQ's primary and higher
Yossef S. Ben-Porath; Moshe Almagor; Aviva Hoffman-Chemi; Auke Tellegen
ENQUETE-BAISE: A General-Purpose E-Questionnaire Server for Ubiquitous Questionnaire
Questionnaire is a general and indispensable method frequently and widely used in many academic, engineering, medical, commercial, and political survey research activities to obtain systematic data and information. Ubiquitous questionnaire, i.e., to provide users with E-questionnaire services anytime and anywhere such that one can use E-questionnaire servers without even thinking about them, is an ideal ubiquitous service in service-oriented computing.
Jingde Cheng; Yuichi Goto; Masato Koide; Keigo Nagahama; Masami Someya; Yusuke Utsumi; Ayaka Shionoiri
Multiplicidade de Papžis da Mulher e seus Efeitos para o Bem-Estar Psicol█gico
This study examines the effects of womenĒs multiple roles on psychological well-being. The data were taken from a sample of 132 employed mothers who answered a questionnaire composed of three parts: a roles scale, that measures the quality of the two particular roles (paid worker, mother); a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), that measures psychological well- being; and a marital satisfaction
Izabel Cristina Possatti; Rique Dias
Stigmatization, Physical Illness and Mental Health in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) causes chronic cough, sinusitis and bronchiectasis, and half of patients also show situs inversus. The genetic basis and visible and concealed chronic symptoms provide potential for stigmatization. We describe a structural equation model linking a questionnaire measure of stigmatization to sex, age, personality (Big Five), symptoms (St GeorgeÆs Respiratory Questionnaire), health status (SF-36) and stress (GHQ-12).
I. C. Mcmanus; G. F. Stubbings; N. Martin
A Preliminary Investigation into Motivational Factors Associated with Older Adults' Problem Gambling
Little is known about the relative importance of older problem gamblers' motives for gambling. A questionnaire consisting of demographic items, questions about gambling behavior, the past year Revised South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS-R), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Gambling Motivation Scale (GMS), was completed by aģ
Clarke, Dave; Clarkson, Joanne
Development and Adaptation of Iranian Youth Reproductive Health Questionnaire
Iran is a young country, and sexual behavior is shaped in this period. This research aimed to provide an assessment tool to evaluate Iranian youth reproductive health. This multistage research was conducted to design a valid questionnaire in the domains of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the youth in order to evaluate behavior change programs. For this reason, after conducting a careful literature review and a qualitative research, the questionnaire was prepared. Forward and backward translations were performed. Professionals and students were used to make sure of qualitative and quantitative content and face validity. After conducting the pilot study on 100 students and eliminating defects in performance, reliability was evaluated by test-retest and Cronbach's alpha was calculated. In this study, out of 268 questions, 198 were retained after face and content validity. Self-efficacy of communication with father and mother, self-efficacy of condom use, and self-efficacy of abstinence had the highest Cronbach's alpha. Moreover, communication with parents regarding reproductive health issues and attitude to abstinence had a high Cronbach's alpha, as well. It seems to be a good instrument for assessment of Iranian reproductive health, and we are going to assess youth reproductive health in the future.
Mousavi, Abbas; Keramat, Afsaneh; Vakilian, Katayon; Esmaeili Vardanjani, Safar Ali
Validating the Children's Behavior Questionnaire in Dutch Children: Psychometric Properties and a Cross-Cultural Comparison of Factor Structures
In this article, we examined the factorial validity of the Dutch translation of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and the Very Short Form scores. In addition, we conducted cross-cultural comparisons of temperament structure. In total, 353 parents of 6- to 8-year-olds completed the instrument. The original higher order factor structure ofģ
Sleddens, Ester F. C.; Kremers, Stef P. J.; Candel, Math J. J. M.; De Vries, Nanne N. K.; Thijs, Carel
Testing Differential Effects of Computer-Based, Web-Based and Paper-Based Administration of Questionnaire Research Instruments
Translation of questionnaire instruments to digital administration systems, both self-contained and web-based, is widespread and increasing daily. However, the literature is lean on controlled empirical studies investigating the potential for differential effects of administrative methods. In this study, two university student samples wereģ
Hardre, Patricia L.; Crowson, H. Michael; Xie, Kui; Ly, Cong
Psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Generic version (Short Form 2006)
BACKGROUND: How to protect patients from harm is a question of universal interest. Measuring and improving safety culture in care giving units is an important strategy for promoting a safe environment for patients. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) is the only instrument that measures safety culture in a way which correlates with patient outcome. We have translated the SAQ to
Ellen T DeilkÕs; Dag Hofoss
Reproducibility and Relative Validity of a Questionnaire to Assess Intake of Black Tea Polyphenols in Epidemiological Studies1
Epidemiological studies suggest that tea drinking may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Although tea is an important source of antioxidant phytochemicals, variation in preparation techniques may translate to variation in antioxidant capacity. However, most large-scale epidemiological studies use regular food frequency questionnaires to estimate tea intake, and nationally available nutrient analysis databases do not include levels of
Iman A. Hakim; Vern Hartz; Robin B. Harris; Douglas Balentine; Ute M. Weisgerber; Ellen Graver; Robin Whitacre; David Alberts
LITERARY TRANSLATION IN THE CLASSROOM CAN PROVOKE DISCUSSION WITH GREAT PEDAGOGICAL VALUE EVEN THOUGH A DEFINITIVE TRANSLATION IS NOT THE GOAL. A VERSE FROM HORACE AND ONE FROM DU BELLAY ILLUSTRATE THE POSSIBLE CHOICES OF VOCABULARY AND PHRASING WHICH EVEN TWO RELATIVELY STRAIGHTFORWARD LINES PRESENT. AN ALERT TEACHER CAN BRING OUT SUBTLETIES OFģ
Noncommutative Translations and *-PRODUCT Formalism
We consider the noncommutative space-times with Lie-algebraic noncommutativity (e.g. ?-deformed Minkowski space). In the framework with classical fields we extend the *-product in order to represent the noncommutative translations in terms of commutative ones. We show the translational invariance of noncommutative bilinear action with local product of noncommutative fields. The quadratic noncommutativity is also briefly discussed.
Daszkiewicz, Marcin; Lukierski, Jerzy; Woronowicz, Mariusz
Copyrights for Machine Translations Considered.
The translation of literature from one language into another is perhaps one of the most important problems in view of the fact that an inordinately large amount of human labor is expended on translation. A particularly complex problem arises before the scientists of all countries in connection with the need to become familiar with scientificģ
Kudryavtseva, G. A.
Multimedia Mobile Language Translation tool
Existing mobile language learning tools are Web-based and subject to connectivity disturbance that ensue in restricted use. The lack of research in the implementation of mobile language learning has ignited the motivation for this study. The proposed Multimedia Mobile Language Translation tool (MMLT), incorporating various multimedia elements such as image, video, sound and text to provide alternatives for translation and
S. Y. Victoria Yee; B. T. Su; K. S. Daniel Su
Translation as a Psycholinguistic Phenomenon
The article sketches the outlines of a theoretical framework for the analysis of translation of literary texts, viewed as psycho-semiotic phenomenon and based on evaluation of earlier attempts in this direction, and on the results of a psycholinguistic empirical study of translations. Central to this framework is the recent insight that the humanģ
Zasyekin, Serhiy
Translation from Research to Applications
The article summarizes the collective views expressed at the fourth session of the workshop Tissue EngineeringŚthe Next Generation, which was devoted to the translation of results of tissue engineering re- search into applications. Ernst Hunziker described the paradigm of a dual translational approach, and argued that tissue engineering should be guided by the dimensions and physiological setting of the bodily
Ernst Hunziker; Myron Spector; Jeanette Libera; Arthur Gertzman; Savio L.-Y. Woo; Anthony Ratcliffe; Michael Lysaght; Arthur Coury; David Kaplan; Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
Translation: in retrospect and prospect.
This review is occasioned by the fact that the problem of translation, which has simmered on the biological sidelines for the last 40 years, is about to erupt center stage--thanks to the recent spectacular advances in ribosome structure. This most complex, beautiful, and fascinating of cellular mechanisms, the translation apparatus, is also the most important. Translation not only defines gene expression, but it is the sine qua non without which modern (protein-based) cells would not have come into existence. Yet from the start, the problem of translation has been misunderstood--a reflection of the molecular perspective that dominated Biology of the last century. In that the our conception of translation will play a significant role in creating the structure that is 21st century Biology, it is critical that our current (and fundamentally flawed) view of translation be understood for what it is and be reformulated to become an all-embracing perspective about which 21st century Biology can develop. Therefore, the present review is both a retrospective and a plea to biologists to establish a new evolutionary, RNA-World-centered concept of translation. What is needed is an evolutionarily oriented perspective that, first and foremost, focuses on the nature (and origin) of a primitive translation apparatus, the apparatus that transformed an ancient evolutionary era of nucleic acid life, the RNA World, into the world of modern cells.
Woese, C R
Does the ribosome translate cancer?
Ribosome biogenesis and translation control are essential cellular processes that are governed at numerous levels. Several tumour suppressors and proto-oncogenes have been found either to affect the formation of the mature ribosome or to regulate the activity of proteins known as translation factors. Disruption in one or more of the steps that control protein biosynthesis has been associated with alterations
Davide Ruggero; Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Biomedical informatics and translational medicine
Biomedical informatics involves a core set of methodologies that can provide a foundation for crossing the "translational barriers" associated with translational medicine. To this end, the fundamental aspects of biomedical informatics (e.g., bioinformatics, imaging informatics, clinical informatics, and public health informatics) may be essential in helping improve the ability to bring basic research findings to the bedside, evaluate the efficacy of interventions across communities, and enable the assessment of the eventual impact of translational medicine innovations on health policies. Here, a brief description is provided for a selection of key biomedical informatics topics (Decision Support, Natural Language Processing, Standards, Information Retrieval, and Electronic Health Records) and their relevance to translational medicine. Based on contributions and advancements in each of these topic areas, the article proposes that biomedical informatics practitioners ("biomedical informaticians") can be essential members of translational medicine teams.
Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ): Development and Preliminary Psychometric Evidence of an ICF-Based Questionnaire for Vocational Rehabilitation.
Purpose The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has proven to be a valuable framework for vocational rehabilitation (VR). No reliable and valid ICF-based instruments to capture work functioning is known, hence, the aims of this study were: (1) to outline the process for developing an ICF-based questionnaire, the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ) to assess functioning in VR and (2) to report preliminary psychometric evidence. Methods ICF categories were selected from the ICF Core Sets for VR using explorative Rasch-analysis and VR literature review. Questions were worded to assess identified ICF categories. WORQ was translated from English to German. Psychometrics for the German version of WORQ was examined in one VR centre in Switzerland. Results 44 ICF categories were selected which resulted in 36 questions related to functioning. The psychometric evaluation of WORQ showed high test-retest reliability (Spearman correlation 0.79) (nĀ=Ā53) and good internal consistency (Cronbachs Alpha 0.88) (nĀ=Ā74) WORQ showed moderate correlation with Beck Depression Inventory II (Spearman correlation 0.511) and low correlation (Spearman correlation -0.353) with SF-36. Conclusions WORQ appears to be a reliable, ICF-based questionnaire to evaluate functioning in VR, easy to administer by health or vocational professionals. The additional information gained when using WORQ would contribute to improving interdisciplinary understanding of the patient's situation and therefore support the integrative planning of the return-to-work process or engagement in gainful employment. However, further studies are needed to further examine its use in clinical practice and research, when validated in other patient populations and settings. PMID:24281830
Finger, Monika E; Escorpizo, Reuben; Bostan, Cristina; De Bie, Rob
The translation of natural languages by machine, first dreamt of in the seventeenth century, has become a reality in the late twentieth. Computer programs are producing translations - not perfect translations, for that is an ideal to which no human translator can aspire; nor translations of literary texts, for the subtleties and nuances of poetry are beyond computational analysis; but
W. J. Hutchins
The Role of Semantics in Translation Recognition: Effects of Number of Translations, Dominance of Translations and Semantic Relatedness of Multiple Translations
This study aims to examine the influence of multiple translations of a word on bilingual processing in three translation recognition experiments during which French-English bilinguals had to decide whether two words were translations of each other or not. In the first experiment, words with only one translation were recognized as translationsģ
Laxen, Jannika; Lavaur, Jean-Marc
The "Pedagogue as Translator" in the Classroom
Translation theory has faced criticism from professional translators for adopting an ivory tower stance to the "real world" challenges of translation. This article argues that a case can be made for considering the challenges of translation as it takes place in the school classroom. In support of such an argument the pedagogue as translator isģ
Dobson, Stephen
Knowledge translation of research findings
Background One of the most consistent findings from clinical and health services research is the failure to translate research into practice and policy. As a result of these evidence-practice and policy gaps, patients fail to benefit optimally from advances in healthcare and are exposed to unnecessary risks of iatrogenic harms, and healthcare systems are exposed to unnecessary expenditure resulting in significant opportunity costs. Over the last decade, there has been increasing international policy and research attention on how to reduce the evidence-practice and policy gap. In this paper, we summarise the current concepts and evidence to guide knowledge translation activities, defined as T2 research (the translation of new clinical knowledge into improved health). We structure the article around five key questions: what should be transferred; to whom should research knowledge be transferred; by whom should research knowledge be transferred; how should research knowledge be transferred; and, with what effect should research knowledge be transferred? Discussion We suggest that the basic unit of knowledge translation should usually be up-to-date systematic reviews or other syntheses of research findings. Knowledge translators need to identify the key messages for different target audiences and to fashion these in language and knowledge translation products that are easily assimilated by different audiences. The relative importance of knowledge translation to different target audiences will vary by the type of research and appropriate endpoints of knowledge translation may vary across different stakeholder groups. There are a large number of planned knowledge translation models, derived from different disciplinary, contextual (i.e., setting), and target audience viewpoints. Most of these suggest that planned knowledge translation for healthcare professionals and consumers is more likely to be successful if the choice of knowledge translation strategy is informed by an assessment of the likely barriers and facilitators. Although our evidence on the likely effectiveness of different strategies to overcome specific barriers remains incomplete, there is a range of informative systematic reviews of interventions aimed at healthcare professionals and consumers (i.e., patients, family members, and informal carers) and of factors important to research use by policy makers. Summary There is a substantial (if incomplete) evidence base to guide choice of knowledge translation activities targeting healthcare professionals and consumers. The evidence base on the effects of different knowledge translation approaches targeting healthcare policy makers and senior managers is much weaker but there are a profusion of innovative approaches that warrant further evaluation.
Physical Activity Questionnaires (PAQ) Validation Studies - References
Wareham NJ, Jakes RW, Rennie KL et al. Validity and repeatability of a simple index derived from the short physical activity questionnaire used in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.
Generic Questionnaire for Biopharmaceutical Production Candidates
Generic Questionnaire for Biopharmaceutical Production Candidates Involving Recombinant Organisms Principal Investigator: Institution: What amount(s) of delivered product(s) is desired? A. Non-GMP (laboratory grade) B. cGMP (clinical grade) Please
Standardized Questionnaires of Walking & Bicycling Database
This database contains questionnaire items and a list of validation studies for standardized items concerning walking and biking from multiple national and international physical activity questionnaires (PAQs). The purpose of this database is to provide easy access to a large number of items assessing duration and frequency of walking and bicycling in the non-disabled adult population. We also briefly review the results of validation studies identified for some of the PAQs.
A comparison of two spider fear questionnaires
The present studies compared the psychometric properties of two self-report measures of spider fear: Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) and Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ). In the first study, adequate test-retest stability and internal consistency was found for both FSQ and SPQ. In the second study, both instruments were able to differentiate between phobic and non-phobic subjects. Furthermore, FSQ as well
Peter Muris; Harald Merckelbach
The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire: a validation
SummaryĀĀThis is a validation of a self-rating questionnaire designed to detect disorders of the mother-infant relationship. 125 subjects\\u000a filled in the questionnaire, and were also interviewed using the 5th Edition of the Birmingham Interview for Maternal Mental Health. On the basis of these interviews and the case records, we\\u000a made consensus diagnoses of various forms and degrees of mother infant
I. F. Brockington; C. Fraser; D. Wilson
Development of a Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire
The purpose was to design a self-report measure of behavioral tendencies that frequently accompany body-image disturbance. The result was a 19-item questionnaire that dealt with avoidance of situations that provoke concern about physical appearance, such as avoidance of tight-fitting clothes, social outings, and physical intimacy. The Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire had adequate internal consistency and test¢retest reliability. The measure correlated
James C. Rosen; Debra Srebnik; Elayne Saltzberg; Sally Wendt
Translational Regulation in Nutrigenomics12
The emergence of genome-wide analysis to interrogate cellular DNA, RNA, and protein content has revolutionized the study of the control network that mediates cellular homeostasis. Nutrigenomics addresses the effect of nutrients on gene expression, which provides a basis for understanding the biological activity of dietary components. Translation of mRNAs represents the last step of genetic flow and primarily defines the proteome. Translational regulation is thus critical for gene expression, in particular, under nutrient excess or deficiency. Until recently, it was unclear how the global effects of translational control are influenced by nutrient signaling. An emerging concept of translational reprogramming addresses how to maintain the expression of specific proteins during pathophysiological conditions by translation of selective mRNAs. Here we describe recent advances in our understanding of translational control, nutrient signaling, and their dysregulation in aging and cancer. The mechanistic understanding of translational regulation in response to different nutrient conditions may help identify potential dietary and therapeutic targets to improve human health.
Liu, Botao; Qian, Shu-Bing
NCI Translates. NCI Translational Science Meeting Abstract Book.
The Translational Research Working Group (TRWG) was established in the summer of 2005 to conduct a discussion with the broader cancer research community and develop recommendations about how the National Cancer Institute (NCI) can best organize its invest...
Translating the covenant: The behavior analyst as ambassador and translator
Behavior analysts should be sensitive to how others react to and interpret our language because it is inextricably related to our image. Our use of conceptual revision, with such terms as punishment, has created communicative confusion and hostility on the part of general and professional audiences we have attempted to influence. We must, therefore, adopt the role of ambassador and translator in the nonbehavioral world. A number of recommendations are offered for promoting, translating, and disseminating behavior analysis.
Foxx, R. M.
Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT)
This document specifies an IPv4-to-IPv6 transition mechanism, in addition to those already specified in (TRANS). This solution attempts to provide transparent routing, as defined in (NAT-TERM), to end-nodes in V6 realm trying to communicate with end-nodes in V4 realm and vice versa. This is achieved using a combination of Network Address Translation and Protocol Translation. The scheme described does not
P. Srisuresh
Translation and Use of Parent-Completed Developmental Screening Test in Shanghai
As part of efforts throughout China to improve the outcomes of individuals with disabilities, the Shanghai government has launched a campaign to screen at least 95 percent of newborns. To assist in meeting this goal, the Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), Third Edition, was translated into Chinese and the feasibility of a screening system usingģ
Bian, Xiaoyan; Yao, Guoying; Squires, Jane; Hoselton, Rob; Chen, Ching-I; Murphy, Kimberly; Wei, Mei; Fang, Binghua
Assessing Translation Misconceptions inside the Classroom: A Presentation of an Instrument and Its Results
This is a descriptive research on the difficulties of Filipino high school students in translating algebraic word problems into mathematical equations. This research is composed of three parts: (1) development of an 11-page "Filipinized" questionnaire; (2) analysis of the mathematical thinking processes of the respondents based on the answers toģ
Mangulabnan, Pauline Anne Therese M.
Translational pathology of neoplasia
With the increasing use of individualized medical care (personalized medicine) in treating and managing patients with cancer, the utilization of biomarkers in selecting and tailoring such medical approaches also is increasing and becoming more important. Specifically, many therapies are effective against only a subgroup of a specific type of tumors and exposing patients with different non-responsive subgroups of the same tumor to ineffective therapies, not only exposes these patients needlessly to acute and chronic side effects of the therapy, but also adds to the costs of medical care. For example, the Oncotype Dx test for estrogen receptor positive tumors that are node negative has been used to identify low risk tumors for which surgery alone is an adequate therapy. Biomarkers may be used to aid in multiple aspects of medical care related to cancer, including early detection, diagnosis, risk assessment, as well as in predicting the aggressiveness of cancers (i.e., prognosis) and predicting the therapeutic efficacy of treatments (i.e., prediction). Biomarkers may be also used as surrogate endpoints to aid in evaluating therapies and preventive approaches. Types of biomarkers vary greatly and include histopathologic appearance, stage of the lesion, quantitative morphologic features, size of the lesion, metastatic pattern and extent of metastasis, as well as imaging and molecular features. The types of measurements of biomarkers also vary; for example, molecular features can be measured at the DNA, mRNA or protein levels as well as at regulatory levels (e.g., microRNA). The usefulness of each biomarker is limited by its sensitivity and specificity in fulfilling its role (e.g., in early detection) and the requirements of sensitivity and specificity to accomplish specific tasks are affected by multiple variables. For example, both very high specificity and sensitivity of a test are required to screen a population with a low prevalence of a specific tumor. The goal of this manuscript is to introduce the reader to how biomarkers may be used and the limitations on the uses of biomarkers in translational research.
Grizzle, William E.; Srivastava, Sudhir; Manne, Upender
Semantic Analysis in Machine Translation.
It is shown that in machine translation it is not possible in many cases to obtain satisfactory results within the framework of purely formal (morphological and syntaxic) analysis. This refers particularly to the syntaxic and lexical homonomy. An algorith...
E. F. Skorokhodko
International Technical Communication: Beyond Translation, Localization.
Offers a personal view of international technical communication. Discusses computer-assisted translation, machine translation, machine interpreting, and the future of international technical communication. (SR)
Klein, Fred
Translation of a tobacco survey into Spanish and Asian languages: the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey.
Because of the vital need to attain cross-cultural comparability of estimates of tobacco use across subgroups of the U.S. population that differ in primary language use, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Tobacco Use Special Cessation Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUSCS-CPS) was translated into Spanish, Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese), Korean, Vietnamese, and Khmer (Cambodian). The questionnaire translations were extensively tested using an eight-step process that focused on both translation procedures and empirical pretesting. The resulting translations are available on the Internet at http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/studies/tus-cps/translation/questionnaires.html for tobacco researchers to use in their own surveys, either in full, or as material to be selected as appropriate. This manuscript provides information to guide researchers in accessing and using the translations, and describes the empirical procedures used to develop and pretest them (cognitive interviewing and behavior coding). We also provide recommendations concerning the further development of questionnaire translations. PMID:18584471
Willis, Gordon; Lawrence, Deirdre; Hartman, Anne; Stapleton Kudela, Martha; Levin, Kerry; Forsyth, Barbara
Development of the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) for migrants to Western societies: an international Delphi consensus process
Background Through the World Health Assembly Resolution, æHealth of MigrantsÆ, the international community has identified migrant health as a priority. Recommendations for general hospital care for international migrants in receiving-countries have been put forward by the Migrant Friendly Hospital Initiative; adaptations of these recommendations specific to maternity care have yet to be elucidated and validated. We aimed to develop a questionnaire measuring migrant-friendly maternity care (MFMC) which could be used in a range of maternity care settings and countries. Methods This study was conducted in four stages. First, questions related to migrant friendly maternity care were identified from existing questionnaires including the Migrant Friendliness Quality Questionnaire, developed in Europe to capture recommended general hospital care for migrants, and the Mothers In a New Country (MINC) Questionnaire, developed in Australia and revised for use in Canada to capture the maternity care experiences of migrant women, and combined to create an initial MFMC questionnaire. Second, a Delphi consensus process in three rounds with a panel of 89 experts in perinatal health and migration from 17 countries was undertaken to identify priority themes and questions as well as to clarify wording and format. Third, the draft questionnaire was translated from English to French and Spanish and back-translated and subsequently culturally validated (assessed for cultural appropriateness) by migrant women. Fourth, the questionnaire was piloted with migrant women who had recently given birth in Montreal, Canada. Results A 112-item questionnaire on maternity care from pregnancy, through labour and birth, to postpartum care, and including items on maternal socio-demographic, migration and obstetrical characteristics, and perceptions of care, has been created - the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) ¢ in three languages (English, French and Spanish). It is completed in 45Āminutes via interview administration several months post-birth. Conclusions A 4-stage process of questionnaire development with international experts in migrant reproductive health and research resulted in the MFMCQ, a questionnaire measuring key aspects of migrant-sensitive maternity care. The MFMCQ is available for further translation and use to examine and compare care and perceptions of care within and across countries, and by key socio-demographic, migration, and obstetrical characteristics of migrant women.
Translation and validation of the EORTC QLQ-C30 for use among Turkish and Moroccan ethnic minority cancer patients in the Netherlands
The purpose of this study was to validate the core EORTC quality of life questionnaire, the QLQ-C30 (version 3.0), for use among Turkish and Moroccan cancer patients in the Netherlands. The questionnaire was translated into two oral Moroccan languages , and the existing Turkish version was culturally adapted for use in the Netherlands. Ninety Turkish and 79 Moroccan patients completed
R. Hoopman; M. J. Muller; C. B. Terwee; N. K. Aaronson
Validation of the chronic liver disease questionnaire in Serbian patients
AIM: To translate into Serbian and to investigate the validity of the cross-culturally adapted the chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ). METHODS: The questionnaire was validated in 103 consecutive CLD patients treated between October 2009 and October 2010 at the Clinic for Gastroenterology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade (Serbia). Exclusion criteria were: age < 18 years, psychiatric disorders, acute complications of CLD (acute liver failure, variceal bleeding, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis), hepatic encephalopathy (grade > 2) ??and liver transplantation. Evaluation of the CLDQ was done based on the following parameters: (1) acceptance is shown by the proportion of missing items; (2) internal reliabilities were assessed for multiple item scales by using Cronbach alpha coefficient; and (3) in order to assess whether the allocation of items in the domain corresponds to their distribution in the original questionnaire (construction validity), an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Discriminatory validity was determined by comparing the corresponding CLDQ score/sub-score in patients with different severity of the diseases. RESULTS: The Serbian version of CLDQ questionnaire completed 98% patients. Proportion of missing items was 0.06%. The total time needed to fill the questionnaire was ranged from 8 to 15 min. Assistance in completing the questionnaire required 4.8% patients, while 2.9% needed help in reading, and 1.9% involved writing assistance. The mean age of the selected patients was 53.8 ▒ 12.9 years and 54.4% were men. Average CLDQ score was 4.62 ▒ 1.11. CronbachÆs alpha for the whole scale was 0.93. Reliability for all domains was above 0.70, except for the domain ōActivityö (0.49). The exploratory factor analysis model revealed 6 factors with eigenvalue of greater than 1, explaining 69.7% of cumulative variance. The majority of the items (66%) in the Serbian version of the CLDQ presented the highest loading weight in the domain assigned by the CLDQ developers: ōFatigueö (5/5), ōEmotional functionö (6/8), ōWorryö (5/5), ōAbdominal symptomsö (0/3), ōActivityö (0/3), ōSystemic symptomsö (3/5). The scales ōFatigueö and ōWorryö fully corresponded to the original. The factor analysis also revealed that the factors ōActivityö and ōAbdominal symptomsö could not be replicated, and two new domains ōSleepö and ōNutritionö were established. Analysis of the CLDQ score/sub-score distribution according to disease severity demonstrated that patients without cirrhosis had lower total CLDQ score (4.86 ▒ 1.05) than those with cirrhosis ChildÆs C (4.31 ▒ 0.97). Statistically significant difference was detected for the domains ōAbdominal symptomsö [F (3) = 5.818, P = 0.001] and ōFatigueö [F (3) = 3.39, P = 0.021]. Post hoc analysis revealed that patients with liver cirrhosis ChildÆs C had significantly lower sub-score ōAbdominal symptomsö than patients without cirrhosis or liver cirrhosis ChildÆs A or B. For domain ōFatigueö, patients with cirrhosis ChildÆs C had significantly lower score, than non-cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSION: The Serbian version of CLDQ is well accepted and represents a valid and reliable instrument in Serbian sample of CLD patients.
Popovic, Dusan Dj; Kovacevic, Nada V; Kisic Tepavcevic, Darija B; Trajkovic, Goran Z; Alempijevic, Tamara M; Spuran, Milan M; Krstic, Miodrag N; Jesic, Rada S; Younossi, Zobair M; Pekmezovic, Tatjana D
The Short Anxiety Screening Test in Greek: translation and validation
Background The aim of the current study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Greek translation of the Short Anxiety Screening Test (SAST), for use in primary care settings. The scale consists of 10 items and is a brief clinician rating scale for the detection of anxiety disorder in older people, particularly, in the presence of depression. Methods The study was performed in two rural primary care settings in Crete. The sample consisted of 99 older (76 ▒ 6.3 years old) people, who fulfilled the participating criteria. The translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire was performed according to international standards. Internal consistency using the Cronbach ? coefficient and test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the reliability of the tool. An exploratory factor analysis using Varimax with Kaiser normalisation (rotation method) was used to examine the structure of the instrument, and for the correlation of the items interitem correlation matrix was applied and assessed with Cronbach ?. Results Translation and backtranslation did not reveal any specific problems. The psychometric properties of the Greek version of the SAST scale in primary care were good. Internal consistency of the instrument was good, the Cronbach ? was found to be 0.763 (P < 0.001) and ICC (95% CI) for reproducibility was found to be 0.763 (0.686 to 0.827). Factor analysis revealed three factors with eigenvalues >1.0 accounting for 60% of variance, while the Cronbach ? was >0.7 for every item. Conclusions The Greek translation of the SAST questionnaire is comparable with that of the original version in terms of reliability, and can be used in primary healthcare research. Its use in clinical practice should be primarily as a screening tool only at this stage, with a follow-up consisting of a detailed interview with the patient, in order to confirm the diagnosis.
Development of an International Questionnaire to Measure Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (I-CAM-Q)
Abstract Objectives Existing studies on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) have produced diverse results regarding the types and prevalence of CAM use due, in part, to variations in the measurement of CAM modalities. A questionnaire that can be adapted for use in a variety of populations will improve CAM utilization measurement. The purposes of this article are to (1) articulate the need for such a common questionnaire; (2) describe the process of questionnaire development; (3) present a model questionnaire with core questions; and (4) suggest standard techniques for adapting the questionnaire to different languages and populations. Methods An international workshop sponsored by the National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM) of the University of Troms°, Norway, brought CAM researchers and practitioners together to design an international CAM questionnaire (I-CAM-Q). Existing questionnaires were critiqued, and working groups drafted content for a new questionnaire. A smaller working group completed, tested, and revised this self-administered questionnaire. Results The questionnaire that was developed contains four sections concerned with visits to health care providers, complementary treatments received from physicians, use of herbal medicine and dietary supplements, and self-help practices. A priori¢specified practitioners, therapies, supplements, and practices are included, as well as places for researcher-specified and respondent-specified additions. Core questions are designed to elicit frequency of use, purpose (treatment of acute or chronic conditions, and health maintenance), and satisfaction. A penultimate version underwent pretesting with ōthink-aloudö techniques to identify problems related to meaning and format. The final questionnaire is presented, with suggestions for testing and translating. Conclusions Once validated in English and non-English speaking populations, the I-CAM-Q will provide an opportunity for researchers to gather comparable data in studies conducted in different populations. Such data will increase knowledge about the epidemiology of CAM use and provide the foundation for evidence-based comparisons at an international level.
Verhoef, Marja J.; Arcury, Thomas A.; Lewith, George T.; Steinsbekk, Aslak; Kristoffersen, Agnete E.; Wahner-Roedler, Dietlind L.; F?nneb?, Vinjar
19 CFR 207.63 - Circulation of draft questionnaires.
...2009-04-01 false Circulation of draft questionnaires. 207.63 Section 207.63...207.63 Circulation of draft questionnaires. (a) The Director shall circulate draft questionnaires to the parties for comment in...
75 FR 30364 - Information Collection; Outreach Opportunity Questionnaire
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...Information Collection; Outreach Opportunity Questionnaire AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION...information collection, Outreach Opportunity Questionnaire. DATES: Comments must be received...INFORMATION: Title: Outreach Opportunity Questionnaire. OMB Number: 0596-0207....
78 FR 65608 - Information Collection; Outreach Opportunity Questionnaire
...2010-04-01 false Circulation of draft questionnaires. 207.63 Section 207.63...207.63 Circulation of draft questionnaires. (a) The Director shall circulate draft questionnaires to the parties for comment in...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...2013-04-01 false Circulation of draft questionnaires. 207.63 Section 207.63...207.63 Circulation of draft questionnaires. (a) The Director shall circulate draft questionnaires to the parties for comment in...
The Technician Walkthrough questionnaire data set contains information about each household as determined during a walkthrough by trained technicians. The information is from 403 technician walkthrough questionnaires for 80 households across 6 cycles. The questionnaire includes...
The Baseline Questionnaire data set provides information about the household using the primary resident (IRN 01) and other residents who chose to participate. The information is from 1106 Baseline Questionnaires for 534 households. The Baseline Questionnaire was administered to...
German version of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS): Confirmatory factor analysis and validation.
The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) is a widely used questionnaire that measures body image as a multidimensional construct. The Appearance Scales (AS) of the MBSRQ (Appearance Evaluation, Appearance Orientation, Body Areas Satisfaction, Overweight Preoccupation and Self-Classified Weight) are subscales which facilitate a parsimonious assessment of appearance-related aspects of body image. The current study tested the psychometric properties and factor structure of a German translation of the MBSRQ-AS. Participants were n=230 female patients with the SCID diagnosis of an eating disorder and n=293 female healthy controls. In a confirmatory factor analysis, convincing goodness-of-fit indices emerged. The subscales of the questionnaire yielded good reliability and convergent and discriminant validity coefficients, with most items showing excellent characteristics. Like the English version, the German adaptation of the questionnaire can be recommended for a multidimensional assessment of appearance-related aspects of body image in both research and clinical practice. PMID:24958652
Vossbeck-Elsebusch, Anna N; Waldorf, Manuel; Legenbauer, Tanja; Bauer, Anika; Cordes, Martin; Vocks, Silja
Development of the young spine questionnaire
Background Back pain in children is common and early onset of back pain has been shown to increase the risk of back pain significantly in adulthood. Consequently, preventive efforts must be targeted the young population but research relating to spinal problems in this age group is scarce. Focus has primarily been on the working age population, and therefore specific questionnaires to measure spinal pain and its consequences, specifically aimed at children and adolescents are absent. The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire for schoolchildren filling this gap. Methods The Young Spine Questionnaire (YSQ) was developed in three phases ¢ a conceptualisation, development and testing phase. The conceptualisation phase followed the Wilson and Cleary model and included questions regarding spinal prevalence estimates, pain frequency and intensity, activity restrictions, care seeking behaviour and influence of parental back trouble. Items from existing questionnaires and the ōRevised Faces Pain Scaleö (rFPS) were included during the development phase. The testing phase consisted of a mixed quantitative and qualitative iterative method carried out in two pilot tests using 4th grade children and focusing on assessment of spinal area location and item validity. Results The testing phase resulted in omission of the pain drawings and the questions and answer categories were simplified in several questions. Agreement between the questionnaire prevalence estimates and the interviews ranged between 83.7% (cervical pain today) and 97.9% (thoracic pain today). To improve the understanding of the spinal boundaries we added bony landmarks to the spinal drawings after pilot test I. This resulted in an improved sense of spinal boundary location in pilot test II. Correlations between the rFPS and the interview pain score ranged between 0.67 (cervical spine) and 0.79 (lumbar spine). Conclusions The Young Spine Questionnaire contains questions that assess spinal pain and its consequences. The items have been tested for content understanding and agreement between questionnaire scores and interview findings among target respondents. These preliminary results suggest that the YSQ is feasible, has content validity and is a well understood questionnaire to be used in studies of children aged 9 to 11 years.
Views of translational research from a somewhat translational scientist.
This review arose from a talk entitled "Identifying Targets" and given by the author at EB2011 at the invitation of the American Federation for Medical Research (AFMR). The presentation was part of the American Federation for Medical Research workshop entitled "Keys for Translation: Science and Strategy" and focused on identifying clinically relevant targets as a result of observations made during basic scientific studies. The review emphasizes that targets do not have to be the aim that drives basic discovery, but communication between the basic scientist and clinical investigators may aid recognition of such targets and their translation to clinical applications. Using one line of investigator-initiated research from his own laboratory as an example, the author emphasizes that basic discovery must be hypothesis driven and allowed to follow its logical sequence. Finding treatments, while always an aim of biomedical research, may arise as a result of basic studies that were not originally aimed at a target of translational research. PMID:22781556
Talman, William T
Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: The Body Sensations Questionnaire and the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire
Describes the development of the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire and the Body Sensations Questionnaire, companion measures for assessing aspects of fear of fear (panic attacks) in agoraphobics. The instruments were administered to 175 agoraphobics (mean age 37.64 yrs) and 43 controls (mean age 36.13 yrs) who were similar in sex and marital status to experimental Ss. Results show that the instruments
Dianne L. Chambless; G. Craig Caputo; Priscilla Bright; Richard Gallagher
Validation Studies of the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire/College Alumnus Questionnaire (CAQ)
This article states the PA questionnaire used is the same as that used in the Singh 1996 validation study (which does appear to be the Paffenbarger). But in fact, the two questionnaires (which are provided in both articles) donÆt appear to be the same; and the Singh 2001 version does not ask specific walking questions.
A Study of Factors that Influence Response Rate Using a Questionnaire on Questionnaires.
To discover factors which contribute to a high response rate for questionnaire surveys, the preferences of 150 college teachers and teaching assistants were studied. Four different questionnaire formats using 34 common items were sent to the subjects: open-ended; Likert-type (five points, from "strong influence to return," to "strong influence notģ
Leitner, Dennis W.; And Others
The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: Structural Validity and Comparison with the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire.
The structural and external validity of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and the relations among TPQ lower-order and higher-order scales and those of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire were examined. Results for 1,236 adults support the TPQ's validity but indicate its failure to operationalize portions of theģ
Waller, Niels G.; And Others
Boa: targeting multigigahertz with binary translation
Abstract: This paper presents BOA (Binary-translation Optimized Architecture), a processor designed to achieve high frequency by using software dynamic binary translation. Processors for software binary translation are very conducive to high frequency because they can assume a simple hardware design. Binary translation eliminates the binary compatibility problem faced by other processors, while dynamic recompilation enables re-optimization of critical program code
S. Sathaye; P. Ledak; J. Leblanc; S. Kosonocky; M. Gschwind; J. Fritts; Z. Filan; A. Bright; D. Appenzeuer; E. Airman; C. Agricola
Translators and Machines--Can They Cooperate?
Discusses fundamental questions about the nature of machine translation and outlines its history. Also describes an experiment in cooperative translation called ITS (Interactive Translation System), evaluating the system's capabilities and predicting future developments. Finally, offers suggestions for translators interested in preparing to useģ
Melby, Alan K.
Niveaux de la traduction (Levels of Translation)
In the hope of throwing some light on the process of translation, and within the framework of a specific definition of translation, nine levels of literary and general translation are identified. The responsibilities of the translator are discussed. French is used in the examples. (Text is in French.) (AMH)
Darbelnet, Jean
The style of literary works in translation
This article discusses the significance of and means of retaining the style of the original literary work in translation. In the process of translating, the translator creatively reproduces the original style through linguistic techniques which, in the target language, are similar to those in the source language, so as to make the reception of the translated version close to the
He Weixiang
A translational research orientation to family violence.
We discuss translational research and its application in family violence research by (a) discussing what translational research is, (b) describing a six-stage model of the translational research cycle, (c) pondering the implication of each stage for family maltreatment research, and (d) providing examples of areas ready for translational research relevant to family violence. PMID:19634357
Heyman, Richard E; Slep, Amy M Smith
Impairment of mother-infant relationship: validation of the Chinese version of Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire.
The implementation of the Comprehensive Child Development Service in Hong Kong brought about the need for the development of an instrument for assessing mother-infant relationship impairments in women with postnatal depression. The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire by was first translated into Chinese, then back-translated into English. An expert panel was set up to evaluate the content validity and a focus group discussion was held to explore the face validity and acceptability of the questionnaire. The Chinese version of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (C-PBQ) was administered to 62 women suffering from postnatal depression. Scale 1 of the C-PBQ had a sensitivity of 84% for detecting women with any forms of mother-infant relationship impairments and scale 2 had a sensitivity of 89% for detecting rejection of infant and a sensitivity of 77% for detecting pathological anger towards infant. The C-PBQ is a useful instrument for detecting mother-infant relationship impairments as perceived by women with postnatal depression. PMID:20215993
Siu, Bonnie W-M; Ip, Patrick; Chow, Hesione M-T; Kwok, Shirjolina S-P; Li, Oi-Lin; Koo, Mei-Ling; Cheung, Eric F-C; Yeung, Timothy M-H; Hung, Se-Fong
Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire
The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ). A Korean version of the SASRQ was produced through forward translation, reconciliation, and back translation. A total of 100 healthy, non-clinical participants were selected through screening and clinical interview, and they each were given a set of questionnaires including SASRQ. Psychometric properties of SASRQ were then examined through statistical analyses. Full-scale and subscales of SASRQ yielded excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.98 and 0.78-0.95, respectively). Test-retest reliability at 2-week intervals was satisfactory, with coefficient r ranging between 0.47 and 0.71. Convergent validity was also demonstrated by strong correlations between SASRQ and other trauma-related questionnaires. Correlation with Social Desirability Scale, however, was not found to be significant; thus evidenced divergent validity. The Korean version of SASRQ appears to be a reliable and valid measurement tool for assessing symptoms of acute stress disorder. Including clinical samples for comparison with controls would be necessary in future studies.
Kweon, Yong-Sil; Jung, Na Young; Wang, Sheng-Min; Rauch, Sheila A.M.; Chae, Jeong Ho; Lee, Hae-Kook; Lee, Chung Tai
Validity of the Japanese version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire.
To assess circadian preference with a score, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) has been used for more than 3 decades now. More recently, the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) was developed: it asks for sleep-wake behavior on work and free days and uses the midpoint of sleep on free days (MSF), corrected for sleep debt accumulated during the work week as an indicator of chronotype (MSFsc). In this study, we developed a Japanese version of the MCTQ by using a translation/back-translation approach including an examination of its semantic validity. In a subsequent questionnaire survey, 450 adult men and women completed the Japanese versions of the MCTQ and MEQ. Results showed that MEQ scores were significantly negatively correlated with mid-sleep parameters assessed by the MCTQ, on both, work and free days, as well as with the chronotype measure MSFsc (r?=?-0.580 to -0.652, all p?0.001). As in the original German version, the strongest correlation was observed between MEQ score and MSF. A physiological validation study using dim light melatonin onset as a circadian phase marker (N?=?37) showed a high correlation between chronotype as assessed with the MSFsc (r?=?0.542, p?0.001), and less so for MEQ score (r?=?-0.402, p?=?0.055). These results demonstrate the validity of the Japanese MCTQ and provide further support of the adequacy of the MCTQ as a chronotype measure. PMID:24824747
Kitamura, Shingo; Hida, Akiko; Aritake, Sayaka; Higuchi, Shigekazu; Enomoto, Minori; Kato, Mie; Vetter, Cķline; Roenneberg, Till; Mishima, Kazuo
Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Virtues Questionnaire
Objectives: The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese Virtues Questionnaire (CVQ). The reliability, factor structure, construct validity, and temporal stability of the inventory were examined. Method: A university student sample ("n" = 878) and a working adult sample ("n" = 153) were recruited.ģ
Duan, Wenjie; Ho, Samuel M. Y.; Bai, Yu; Tang, Xiaoqing
College Student Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSSQ) Manual.
This introductory manual for the College Student Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSSQ) includes a description of the test, tentative norms, a summary of findings to date regarding psychometric characteristics of the instrument, and suggestions for possible uses. The manual is intended to supply sufficient material for the practical needs of most testģ
Starr, Ann M.; And Others
Selective Mutism Questionnaire: Measurement Structure and Validity
The psychometric properties of the Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ) are evaluated using a clinical sample of children with selective mutism (SM). The study shows that SMQ is useful in determining the severity of a child's nonspeaking behaviors, the scope of these behaviors and necessary follow up assessment.
Letamendi, Andrea M.; Chavira, Denise A.; Hitchcock, Carla A.; Roesch, Scott C.; Shipon-Blum, Elisa; Stein, Murray B.
Effective Schools Questionnaires, 1981-82.
Five questionnaires based on Ronald Edmonds' work on "effective schools" were developed for elementary and secondary students, teachers, principals, and parents. They were designed to assess the perceptions of each group on the five areas identified by Edmonds as distinguishing effective and ineffective schools for students from low-incomeģ
Austin Independent School District, TX. Office of Research and Evaluation.
Diagnosis of Twin Zygosity by Mailed Questionnaire
A deterministic questionnaire method for zygosity determination is developed for use in epidemiological studies of adult twins. It is based on the answers of both members of a twin pair to two questions on similarity and confusion in childhood. The algorithm of the method is used to determine the zygosity status of a twin pair at two different levels of
Seppo Sarna; Jaakko Kaprio; Pertti Sistonen; Markku Koskenvuo
The Development of a Menstrual Distress Questionnaire
The development of a Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) is described. Each of 839 women rated their experience of 47 symptoms on a six-point scale separately for the menstrual, premenstrual, and intermenstrual phases of her most recent menstrual cycle and for her worst menstrual cycle. The 47 symptoms were intercorrelated and factor analyzed separately for each phase, and eight basically replicated
Mining from open answers in questionnaire data
Surveys are an important part of marketing and customer relationship management, and open answers (i.e., answers to open questions) in particular may contain valuable information and provide an important basis for making business decisions. We have developed a text mining system that provides a new way for analyzing open answers in questionnaire data. The product is able to perform the
Hang Li; Kenji Yamanishi
A questionnaire measure of Sexual Interest
A questionnaire measure of Sexual Interest is described; in construction and scoring, the authors have borrowed from the Sexual Orientation Method. Five subscale scores relating to different areas of sexual behavior can be measured, and an overall Sexual Interest score obtained. The measure is fully described, and preliminary data on internal consistency, reliability, and validity are presented. Applications of the
J. J. M. Harbison; P. Joan Graham; J. T. Quinn; H. McAllister; R. Woodward
Resource Purpose: This information acquired via the questionnaire is used to support development of the effluent guidelines for the Iron and Steel Point Source Category (40CFR Part 420). One of the statutory decision criteria for the adoption of a best available treatment t...
Utah Drop-Out Drug Use Questionnaire.
This questionnaire assesses drug use practices in high school drop-outs. The 79 items (multiple choice or apply/not apply) are concerned with demographic data and use, use history, reasons for use/nonuse, attitudes toward drugs, availability of drugs, and drug information with respect to narcotics, amphetamines, LSD, Marijuana, and barbiturates.ģ
Governor's Citizen Advisory Committee on Drugs, Salt Lake City, UT.
Construct Validity of the Social Coping Questionnaire
The Social coping Questionnaire (SCQ) measures strategies used by gifted adolescents to minimize the negative effect they believe their high ability has on their social interactions. Previous studies have supported the factor structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the SCQ. The current study provides construct validityģ
Swiatek, Mary Ann; Cross, Tracy L.
Student-Outcomes Questionnaires: An Implementation Handbook.
The Student Outcomes Questionnaire and the Student Outcomes Information Analysis Service (SOIS) developed by NCHEMS and the College Board are discussed. The term, "student outcomes," is defined as the consequence of a student's enrollment in an educational institution and involvement in its programs. The importance of this type of information isģ
Gray, Robert G.; And Others
Validation of the Child Sport Cohesion Questionnaire
The purpose of the present study was to test the validity evidence of the Child Sport Cohesion Questionnaire (CSCQ). To accomplish this task, convergent, discriminant, and known-group difference validity were examined, along with factorial validity via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Child athletes (N = 290, M[subscript age] = 10.73 plus orģ
Martin, Luc J.; Carron, Albert V.; Eys, Mark A.; Loughead, Todd
Reliability of the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire.
The lack of systematic psychometric information on the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) was addressed by investigating the factor structure and reliability of the eight-factor clinical scale model (mental illness, cry for help, right to die, religion, impulsivity, normality, aggression, and moral evil), developed for interpreting responses toģ
Rogers, James R.; DeShon, Richard P.
Computerized Administration of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire.
A computer-administered (CA) form of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) (A. Tellegen, 1982) was created, and scores of 126 college students were compared to those of 101 who took a paper-and-pencil MPQ. Multivariate analyses found no group differences for the CA format, and likelihood of profile validity was decreased. Resultsģ
DiLalla, David L.
Balanced Codon Usage Optimizes Eukaryotic Translational Efficiency
Cellular efficiency in protein translation is an important fitness determinant in rapidly growing organisms. It is widely believed that synonymous codons are translated with unequal speeds and that translational efficiency is maximized by the exclusive use of rapidly translated codons. Here we estimate the in vivo translational speeds of all sense codons from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Surprisingly, preferentially used codons are not translated faster than unpreferred ones. We hypothesize that this phenomenon is a result of codon usage in proportion to cognate tRNA concentrations, the optimal strategy in enhancing translational efficiency under tRNA shortage. Our predicted codon¢tRNA balance is indeed observed from all model eukaryotes examined, and its impact on translational efficiency is further validated experimentally. Our study reveals a previously unsuspected mechanism by which unequal codon usage increases translational efficiency, demonstrates widespread natural selection for translational efficiency, and offers new strategies to improve synthetic biology.
Qian, Wenfeng; Yang, Jian-Rong; Pearson, Nathaniel M.; Maclean, Calum; Zhang, Jianzhi
Translational informatics: an industry perspective
Translational informatics (TI) is extremely important for the pharmaceutical industry, especially as the bar for regulatory approval of new medications is set higher and higher. This paper will explore three specific areas in the drug development lifecycle, from tools developed by precompetitive consortia to standardized clinical data collection to the effective delivery of medications using clinical decision support, in which TI has a major role to play. Advancing TI will require investment in new tools and algorithms, as well as ensuring that translational issues are addressed early in the design process of informatics projects, and also given higher weight in funding or publication decisions. Ultimately, the source of translational tools and differences between academia and industry are secondary, as long as they move towards the shared goal of improving health.
Translation as a psycholinguistic phenomenon.
The article sketches the outlines of a theoretical framework for the analysis of translation of literary texts, viewed as psycho-semiotic phenomenon and based on evaluation of earlier attempts in this direction, and on the results of a psycholinguistic empirical study of translations. Central to this framework is the recent insight that the human cerebral hemisphere functional asymmetry somehow plays a role in structuring the fictional text by its author and in its processing by the interpreter. It is argued that the texts of modernism and post-modernism contain information blocks describing a character's perception of events in altered states of consciousness. This model helps to explain how a translator's inappropriate linguistic choice may influence the target language reader's aesthetic reaction. PMID:19894118
The Pragmatics of Translation. Topics in Translation 12.
Pragmatics, often defined as the study of language use and language users, sets out to explain what people wish to achieve and how they go about achieving it using language. The thirteen chapters in this volume show how translation (skill, art, process, and product) is affected by pragmatic factors such as the acts performed by people when theyģ
Hickey, Leo, Ed.
Machine translation project alternatives analysis
The Machine Translation Project consists of several components, two of which, the Project Plan and the Requirements Analysis, have already been delivered. The Project Plan details the overall rationale, objectives and time-table for the project as a whole. The Requirements Analysis compares a number of available machine translation systems, their capabilities, possible configurations, and costs. The Alternatives Analysis has resulted in a number of conclusions and recommendations to the NASA STI program concerning the acquisition of specific MT systems and related hardware and software.
Bajis, Catherine J.; Bedford, Denise A. D.
The Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on Mental Health Status among Women of Reproductive Ages: A Population-Based Study in a Middle Anatolian City
Violence against women has been recognized as both a major public health problem and a human rights violation worldwide. Research has documented the association between physical/sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health, measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among women in reproductive age. This studyģ
Nur, Naim
ü psychological distress in australian case managers working with the unemployed
This study reports levels of psychological distress found in a sample of Australian case managers who work with the unemployed. Using a longitudinal survey method- ology, 86 case managers employed throughout Australia completed the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12; D. P. Goldberg, 1978) on 2 occasions during 1999. In comparison with other studies investigating psychological well- being of both employed
Richard Goddard; Wendy Patton; Peter Creed
Psychiatric morbidity and its recognition by doctors in patients with cancer
Psychiatric morbidity in patients with cancer is high and without appropriate treatment unremitting. We assessed the ability of 143 doctors to establish the psychological status of 2297 patients during outpatient consultations in 34 cancer centres and hospitals in the UK. Prior to seeing the doctor, consenting patients completed a short self-report questionnaire (GHQ12), designed for the psychological screening of large
L Fallowfield; D Ratcliffe; V Jenkins; J Saul
Association between Oral Health Impact Profile and General Health scores for patients seeking dental implants
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between the short form, 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) for patients requiring restorative dental work on Implant Assessment Clinic at Guy's Dental Institute.
B. Smith; A. Baysan; M. Fenlon
Personality, Loneliness and Mental Health Among Undergraduates at Malaysian Universities
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between personality and loneliness on mental health among undergraduates at Malaysian Universities. A total of 1468 respondents were recruited from five Universities using the multistage cluster sampling. Mental health was measured by 12 items in the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) designed by Goldberg, 1978. Personality and loneliness were measured using
Mansor Abu Talib; Siti Nor Yaacob
Same Sex Attraction, Homophobic Bullying and Mental Health of Young People in Northern Ireland
This article reports on the relationship between same-sex attraction, experience of bullying in school and mental health measured using the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12). A random sample of 16 year olds, drawn from the Child Benefit Register, was invited to take part in the 2005 Young Life and Times survey, which is aģ
McNamee, Helen; Lloyd, Katrina; Schubotz, Dirk
Recognition of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Dermatological Outpatients
Although mental disorders are frequent among dermato- logical patients, little is known about their recognition by dermatologists. This study aimed to assess dermato- logists' ability to recognize depressive and anxiety disorders. All adult outpatients who visited four dermatologists on predetermined days (n~317) com- pleted the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ- 12) and the section on depressive and anxiety disorders of
Angelo Picardi; Paolo Amerio; Giannandrea Baliva; Claudio Barbieri; Patrizia Teofoli; Simone Bolli; Valentina Salvatori; Eva Mazzotti; Paolo Pasquini; Damiano Abeni
Scientific and Technical Translation and the All-Union Translation Center.
The investigation and use of machine translation as an adjunct to human translation at the Soviet Union's All-Union Translation Center, a centralized scientific and technical translation facility, is examined. The issues of error correction, the variety of translation types needed, and special lexical considerations are discussed. (MSE)
Marchuk, Yuri Nikolaevich
French translation of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory: LÆinventaire multidimensionnel de la douleur
BACKGROUND: The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a widely used tool in the evaluation of pain conditions. This questionnaire has been translated and validated in multiple languages. However, there is no validated French-language version available for clinicians and researchers interested in evaluating people living with pain. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the present project was to make available a validated French-language evaluation tool for the cognitive, behavioural and emotional aspects of pain. METHODS: Following a reverse translation of the MPI, a French-language version of the questionnaire, the Inventaire multidimensionnel de la douleur, that was presented to 227 participants living with chronic pain, was obtained. These participants were all involved in a rehabilitation program in four different settings. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses was executed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Although three items were removed from the original version of the MPI, the three sections of the Inventaire multidimensionnel de la douleur had good psychometric properties. The results concerning the questionnaireÆs structure were very similar to those obtained with the original tool and during its translation into other languages. People wishing to evaluate pain in French-speaking populations now have access to a French-language version of the MPI.
Laliberte, Simon; Lamoureux, Julie; Sullivan, Michael JL; Miller, Jean-Marc; Charron, Julie; Bouthillier, Donald
Pragmatic Analysis of Literary Translation.
Discusses the relation of communicative theories of translation to the theory of speech acts, especially the notion of illocutionary force. Describes how illocutionary forces do not coincide in two different languages. Suggests explanations for why this is sometimes the case. (HB)
Porozinskaya, Galina
Machine Translation: Developments and Prospects.
Examines the history and resurgence of machine translation, describing metalanguages and transfer languages as algorithms for transforming source languages into target languages and reviewing prospects for the future. Indicates that leadership in this field is held by Japan for both hardware and software development for Japanese/Englishģ
Russell, Robert A.
In many cases machine-translation does not produce satisfactory results within the framework of purely formal (morphological and syntaxic) analysis, particularly, in the case of syntaxic and lexical homonomy. An algorithm for syntaxic-semantic analysis is proposed, and its principles of operation are described. The syntaxico-semantic structure isģ
Skorokhodko, E. F.
Translating system specifications to VHDL
Languages based on hierarchical and concurrent state diagrams are powerful in specifying system level designs. Simulating such languages can be simplified by translating to a simulation language such as VHDL and then using available simulators. This paper describes system level abstractions commonly found in specification languages and presents semantic preserving VHDL implementations.
Sanjiv Narayan; Frank Vahid; Daniel D. Gajski
Toward Practical Spoken Language Translation
This paper argues that the time is now right to field practical Spoken Language Translation (SLT) systems. Several sorts of systems can be built over the next few years if system builders recognize that, at the present state of the art, users must cooperate and compromise with the programs. Further, SLT systems can be arranged on a scale, in terms
Chengqing Zong; Mark Seligman
Stroke-Related Translational Research
Stroke-related translational research is multifaceted. Herein, we highlight genome-wide association studies and genetic studies of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, COL4A1 mutations, and cerebral cavernous malformations; advances in molecular biology and biomarkers; newer brain imaging research; and recovery from stroke emphasizing cell-based and other rehabilitative modalities.
Caplan, Louis R.; Arenillas, Juan; Cramer, Steven C.; Joutel, Anne; Lo, Eng H.; Meschia, James; Savitz, Sean; Tournier-Lasserve, Elizabeth
Initiatives | Translational Research Program (TRP)
As a result of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) the NCI participated in the ōGrand Opportunitiesö (ōGOö) Program (RFA-OD-09-004; RC2 grant) to support research on high impact translational research by encouraging and rewarding collaborative team science.
Translation invariants of Zernike moments
Abstract Moment functions de0ned using a polar coordinate representation of the image space, such as radial moments and Zernike moments, are used in several recognition tasks requiring rotation invariance. However, this coordinate representation does not easily yield translation invariant functions, which are also widely sought after in pattern recognition applications. This paper presents a mathematical framework for the derivation of
P. Raveendran; R. Mukundan
MediBabble Translator app.
MediBabble is a medical translation app developed by two medical students at the University of California. They describe it as a 'history-taking and physical exam application designed to improve the safety, efficiency and quality of care for non-English-speaking patients'. PMID:24938973
Daly, Shelagh
DCTD Ś Translational Research Program (TRP)
As a result of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), NCI participated in the ōGrand Opportunitiesö (ōGOö) Program (RFA-OD-09-004) to support research on high impact translational research by encouraging and rewarding collaborative team science.
World War I History Commission Questionnaires
In 1928, the Library of Virginia inherited a mass of materials from the Virginia War History Commission, which had spent the previous eight years gathering information on Virginia's participation in World War I. Included in this material were over 14,900 four-page questionnaires from a survey of WWI veterans in Virginia. The Library of Virginia has digitized these survey forms and created a free, fully-searchable database. Users have three search options: by word or phrase, combination, and expert/boolean. Search returns offer basic information on each individual, and users must follow the link at the bottom of the page to download the digitized images (in .tif format) of the questionnaire forms. In some cases, respondents submitted photos or additional pages with their forms and these are included in the database.
[Questionnaire development in ELSA-Brasil: challenges of a multidimensional instrument].
This article describes the development of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) questionnaire. We first address the selection of topics whose contents have to cover the knowledge available on the complex causal network of outcomes and allow comparability with similar studies. Then we deal with the "translation and adaptation of measurement instruments" including neighborhood environment rating scales, depression and anxiety disorder rating scale and a food frequency questionnaire and discuss criteria that guided "theme block sequencing". And finally we focus on the practical importance of "pretesting and pilot studies". The ELSA may provide an original contribution regarding factors that cause or aggravate the outcomes of interest in the Brazilian population, as well as protective factors. PMID:24346718
Chor, D¾ra; Alves, Mßrcia GuimarŃes de Mello; Giatti, Luana; Cade, Nßgela ValadŃo; Nunes, Maria Angķlica; Molina, Maria del Carmen Bisi; Bense±or, Isabela M; Aquino, Estela M L; Passos, Valķria; Santos, Simone M; da Fonseca, Maria de Jesus Mendes; de Oliveira, LetĒcia Cardoso
Measuring autonomy support in university students: the Spanish version of the Learning Climate Questionnaire.
The goals of this research were to translate and analyze the psychometric properties of the Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ) and to develop a short form. The LCQ is a 15-item self-report measure that assesses autonomy support in educational settings. A total of 422 students (60 men and 362 women) took part in this study. Results showed evidence of construct validity and adequate reliability for the LCQ. The short form consists of five items that showed sound psychometric properties. Results of Pearson correlation and Gower index showed high agreement between the long and short forms. In conclusion, both forms can be considered as preliminary versions of the original questionnaire to assess autonomy support in educational settings. PMID:23156948
N·±ez, Juan L; Le¾n, Jaime; Grijalvo, Fernando; MartĒn Albo, Josķ
The Marks Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire
We performed analyses to examine the structure, validity, and responsiveness to change of the Marks Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), originally validated in Australia in a self-administered format, among 539 U.S. subjects with asthma. Subjects were interviewed twice by telephone over an 18-month period. Based on factor analyses, the subscale structure of the AQLQ was modified slightly to eliminate
Patricia P. Katz; Mark D. Eisner; Jonathan Henke; Stephen Shiboski; Edward H. Yelin; Paul D. Blanc
Outlier Detection in Test and Questionnaire Data
Classical methods for detecting outliers deal with continuous variables. These methods are not readily applicable to categorical data, such as incorrect\\/correct scores (0\\/1) and ordered rating scale scores (e.g., 0, ģ, 4) typical of multi-item tests and questionnaires. This study proposes two definitions of outlier scores suited for categorical data. One definition combines information on outliers from scores on all
Wobbe P. Zijlstra; L. Andries van der Ark; Klaas Sijtsma
Genetic Analysis of Chloroplast Translation
The assembly of the photosynthetic apparatus requires the concerted action of hundreds of genes distributed between the two physically separate genomes in the nucleus and chloroplast. Nuclear genes coordinate this process by controlling the expression of chloroplast genes in response to developmental and environmental cues. However, few regulatory factors have been identified. We used mutant phenotypes to identify nuclear genes in maize that modulate chloroplast translation, a key control point in chloroplast gene expression. This project focused on the nuclear gene crp1, required for the translation of two chloroplast mRNAs. CRP1 is related to fungal proteins involved in the translation of mitochondrial mRNAs, and is the founding member of a large gene family in plants, with {approx}450 members. Members of the CRP1 family are defined by a repeated 35 amino acid motif called a ''PPR'' motif. The PPR motif is closely related to the TPR motif, which mediates protein-protein interactions. We and others have speculated that PPR tracts adopt a structure similar to that of TPR tracts, but with a substrate binding surface adapted to bind RNA instead of protein. To understand how CRP1 influences the translation of specific chloroplast mRNAs, we sought proteins that interact with CRP1, and identified the RNAs associated with CRP1 in vivo. We showed that CRP1 is associated in vivo with the mRNAs whose translation it activates. To explore the functions of PPR proteins more generally, we sought mutations in other PPR-encoding genes: mutations in the maize PPR2 and PPR4 were shown to disrupt chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and chloroplast trans-splicing, respectively. These and other results suggest that the nuclear-encoded PPR family plays a major role in modulating the expression of the chloroplast genome in higher plants.
Barkan, Alice
Temperament factor structure in fragile X syndrome: the Children's Behavior Questionnaire.
Early patterns of temperament lay the foundation for a variety of developmental constructs such as self-regulation, psychopathology, and resilience. Children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) display unique patterns of temperament compared to age-matched clinical and non-clinical samples, and early patterns of temperament have been associated with later anxiety in this population. Despite these unique patterns in FXS and recent reports of atypical factor structure of temperament questionnaires in Williams Syndrome (Leyfer, John, Woodruff-Borden, & Mervis, 2012), no studies have examined the latent factor structure of temperament scales in FXS to ensure measurement validity in this sample. The present study used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the factor structure of a well-validated parent-reported temperament questionnaire, the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey, & Fisher, 2001), in a sample of 90 males with FXS ages 3-9 years. Our data produced a similar, but not identical, three-factor model that retained the original CBQ factors of negative affectivity, effortful control, and extraversion/surgency. In particular, our FXS sample demonstrated stronger factor loadings for fear and shyness than previously reported loadings in non-clinical samples, consistent with reports of poor social approach and elevated anxiety in this population. Although the original factor structure of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire is largely retained in children with FXS, differences in factor loading magnitudes may reflect phenotypic characteristics of the syndrome. These findings may inform future developmental and translational research efforts. PMID:24380785
Roberts, Jane E; Tonnsen, Bridgette L; Robinson, Marissa; McQuillin, Samuel D; Hatton, Deborah D
The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire: factorial validity and association with Body Mass Index in Dutch children aged 6¢7
BACKGROUND: The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a parent-report measure designed to assess variation in eating style among children. In the present study we translated the CEBQ and examined its factor structure in a sample of parents of 6- and 7-year-old children in the Netherlands. Additionally, associations between the mean scale scores of the instrument and children's body mass
Ester FC Sleddens; Stef PJ Kremers; Carel Thijs
Canadian-French, German and UK versions of the Child Health Questionnaire: methodology and preliminary item scaling results
Using emerging international guidelines, stringent procedures were used to develop and evaluate Canadian-French, German and UK translations\\/ adaptions of the 50 item, parent-completed Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ-PF50). Multitrait analysis was used to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the hypothesized item sets across countries relative to the results obtained for a representative sample of children in the US. Cronbach's
J. M. Landgraf; E. Maunsell; K. Nixon Speechley; Monika Bullinger; S. Campbell; L. Abetz; J. E. Ware
A MEMS Micro-Translation Stage with Long Linear Translation
A MEMS Micro-Translation Stage (MTS) actuator concept has been developed that is capable of traveling long distances, while maintaining low power, low voltage, and accuracy as required by many applications, including optical coupling. The Micro-Translation Stage (MTS) uses capacitive electrostatic forces in a linear motor application, with stationary stators arranged linearly on both sides of a channel, and matching rotors on a moveable shuttle. This creates a force that allows the shuttle to be pulled along the channel. It is designed to carry 100 micron-sized elements on the top surface, and can travel back and forth in the channel, either in a stepping fashion allowing many interim stops, or it can maintain constant adjustable speeds for a controlled scanning motion. The MTS travel range is limited only by the size of the fabrication wafer. Analytical modeling and simulations were performed based on the fabrication process, to assure the stresses, friction and electrostatic forces were acceptable to allow successful operation of this device. The translation forces were analyzed to be near 0.5 micron N, with a 300 micron N stop-to-stop time of 11.8 ms.
Ferguson, Cynthia K.; English, J. M.; Nordin, G. P.; Ashley, P. R.; Abushagur, M. A. G.
Psychometric properties of a revised Danish translation of the international outcome inventory for hearing aids (IOI-HA)
Objective The original Danish translation of the international outcome inventory for hearing aids (IOI-HA) proved problematic as the wording of item 5 was not semantically clear, rendering the questionnaire internally inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine data collected with a revised Danish translation of the IOI-HA in order to: (1) evaluate the effect of the revision, and (2) to examine if the psychometric properties of the revised translation of the IOI-HA are equivalent to those of previously validated translations. Design Psychometric properties were evaluated performing inter-item correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and item-total correlation. Study sample Three hundred forty-one adult hearing-impaired participantsŚall of whom were voluntary hearing aid testers attached to the Global Audiology Group in GN ReSound A/S on a non-payment basis Ś were mailed a revised Danish IOI-HA questionnaire. Results Statistical analysis revealed good internal consistency along with a clear division of items into two distinct factors. Conclusions The revised Danish translation of the IOI-HA proves internally consistent. Furthermore, it possesses psychometric properties equivalent to those reported in several corresponding studies of other translations. Data obtained from it can therefore validly be considered comparable to data obtained from previously validated translations of the IOI-HA.
Translation Competence and Translation Performance: Lexical, Syntactic and Textual Patterns in Student Translations of a Specialized EU Genre
This paper reports the findings of a study aiming to reveal the recurring patterns of lexical, syntactic and textual errors in student translations of a specialized EU genre from English into Hungarian. By comparing the student translations to the official translation of the text, this article uncovers the most frequent errors that students madeģ
Karoly, Adrienn
Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version VISA-P Questionnaire for Patellar Tendinopathy in Adolescent Elite Volleyball Athletes
Objective To translate the English Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment for patellar tendinopathy (VISA-P) questionnaire into a Korean version and to determine the reliability and validity of the Korean version. Methods The English VISA-P questionnaire was translated into Korean according to the internationally recommended guidelines. Then, 28 adolescent elite volleyball athletes (average age, 16 years; range, 14 to 19 years) were asked to complete the questionnaire three times (before examination, after examination, and 1 week later) for reliability. They were evaluated through a physical examination and ultrasonography to diagnosis patellar tendinopathy. Results The internal consistency of the VISA-P questionnaire by Cronbach's alpha was 0.80 for the first, 0.78 for the second, and 0.79 for the third assessment. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the first and second assessments was 0.97. The ICC between the second and third assessments was 0.96. The mean VISA-P scores were 67.6▒15.7 for the patellar tendinopathy group (n=23) and 92.6▒8.6 for the normal group (n=5). There were significantly lower VISA-P scores in the patellar tendinopathy group compared to the normal group. Conclusion The translated Korean version VISA-P questionnaire has good internal consistency, test-retest reliability and validity. In addition, this study indicated that most adolescent elite volleyball athletes had patellar tendon problems. Therefore, the Korean version VISA-P is a useful self-administered outcome score of athletes with patellar tendinopathy.
Park, Byung-Hyun; Ko, Myoung-Hwan; Park, Sung-Hee
A Multidimensional Perspective of Relations between Self-Concept (Self Description Questionnaire II) and Adolescent Mental Health (Youth Self-Report)
Relations between self-concept and mental health are best understood from a multidimensional perspective. For responses by 903 adolescents (mean age = 12.6) to a new French translation of the Self Description Questionnaire II (SDQII), confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a well-defined multidimensional factor structure of reliable, highlyģ
Marsh, Herbert W.; Parada, Roberto H.; Ayotte, Violane
Differential Effects of Web-Based and Paper-Based Administration of Questionnaire Research Instruments in Authentic Contexts-of-Use
Questionnaire instruments are routinely translated to digital administration systems; however, few studies have compared the differential effects of these administrative methods, and fewer yet in authentic contexts-of-use. In this study, 326 university students were randomly assigned to one of two administration conditions, paper-based (PBA) orģ
Hardre, Patricia L.; Crowson, H. Michael; Xie, Kui
The British Sign Language Versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale, and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale
The present study is aimed to translate 3 widely used clinical assessment measures into British Sign Language (BSL), to pilot the BSL versions, and to establish their validity and reliability. These were the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS).ģ
Rogers, Katherine D.; Young, Alys; Lovell, Karina; Campbell, Malcolm; Scott, Paul R.; Kendal, Sarah
Validation de la version franńaise du questionnaire I 7 dÆimpulsivitķ. Influence de la personnalitķ, du sexe et de la religion
The purpose of this study was to verify the factorial validity and internal reliability of the French version of the EysenckÆs impulsivity scale (I7) translated by Dupont et al. in a group of Swiss students (nĀ=Ā220). Eysenck and Eysenck proposed three subscales in their questionnaireĀ: two subscales assessing two distinct components of impulsivity (Impulsiveness characteristic of people who act on
G Zimmermann; J Rossier; F Meyer de Stadelhofen
Translational-invariant noncommutative gauge theory
A generalized translational-invariant noncommutative field theory is analyzed in detail, and a complete description of translational-invariant noncommutative structures is worked out. The relevant gauge theory is described, and the planar and nonplanar axial anomalies are obtained.
Ardalan, F. [Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM), School of Physics, P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Sadooghi, N. [Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Using Linguistic Knowledge in Statistical Machine Translation.
In this thesis, we present methods for using linguistically motivated information to enhance the performance of statistical machine translation (SMT). One of the advantages of the statistical approach to machine translation is that it is largely languagea...
R. M. Zbib
Text Detection and Translation from Natural Scenes.
The authors present a system for automatic extraction and interpretation of signs from a natural scene. The system is capable of capturing images, detecting and recognizing signs, and translating them into a target language. The translation can be display...
J. Gao J. Yang Y. Zhang A. Waibel
Induced pluripotency for translational research.
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the concept of cellular reprogramming and potentially will solve the immunological compatibility issues that have so far hindered the application of human pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine. Recent findings showed that pluripotency is defined by a state of balanced lineage potency, which can be artificially instated through various procedures, including the conventional Yamanaka strategy. As a type of pluripotent stem cell, iPSCs are subject to the usual concerns over purity of differentiated derivatives and risks of tumor formation when used for cell-based therapy, though they provide certain advantages in translational research, especially in the areas of personalized medicine, disease modeling and drug screening. iPSC-based technology, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and direct lineage conversion each will play distinct roles in specific aspects of translational medicine, and continue yielding surprises for scientists and the public. PMID:24056061
Wu, Menghua; Chen, Guilai; Hu, Baoyang
Translating slang in detective fiction
Translating literary varieties of language may seem an insurmountable task because these varieties are language?specific and have no exact equivalents in other languages. This study examines æhard?boiled slangÆ, the literary language variety used by the æhard?boiled school of detective fictionÆ, and describes how it was used and haw it was marked as a special use of literary language, focusing particularly
Daniel Linder
Translational control of maternal RNAs
Early development of many species depends on the temporal and spatial control of maternal gene products. This review discusses the control of maternal mRNAs that encode regulators of C. elegans embryogenesis. In the C. elegans embryo, maternal mRNA regulation is crucial to the patterning of early cell fates. Translational control of key mRNAs spatially organizes cell signaling pathways, localizes transcription
Thomas C. Evans; Craig P. Hunter
Kinetic modelling of mitochondrial translation.
Mitochondrial genome contains 13 protein coding genes, all being part of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. The process of translation of these protein coding mRNAs in mitochondrial matrix is a good miniature model of translation in cytoplasm. In this work, we have simulated three phases of mitochondrial translation viz. initiation, elongation and termination (including ribosome recycling). The kinetic equations for these phases have been deduced based on the information available in literature. Various factors involved in the process have been included explicitly. Kinetic simulation was done using Octave, open source software. Scripts were written individually for each phase. Initiation begins with mitoribosome, mRNA, fMet-tRNA and initiation factors. The final product of the initiation script, the initiation complex, was introduced as the start point in the successive step, i.e. elongation. Elongation is a particular extensive process where the various aminoacyl-tRNAs already present in the matrix check for matching with the triplet codon in A-site of mitoribosome. This script consists of two parts: one with the time behaviour of the factors involved in the molecular process (using ordinary differential equation solver) and the other including the reading of triplet codon on the mRNA and incorporating the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA, and then at each step elongating the peptide chain (using loops and conditions). The peptide chain thus formed in the elongation step (in the loops and conditions segment) was released in the termination step. This was followed by mitoribosome recycling where the mitoribosome reached the native state and was ready for the next cycle of translation. PMID:24028553
Korla, Kalyani; Mitra, Chanchal K
Spotlight on Zebrafish: Translational Impact
In recent years, the zebrafish has emerged as an increasingly prominent model in biomedical research. To showcase the translational impact of the model across multiple disease areas, Disease Models & Mechanisms has compiled a Special Issue that includes thought-provoking reviews, original research reporting new and important insights into disease mechanisms, and novel resources that expand the zebrafish toolkit. This Editorial provides a summary of the issueÆs contents, highlighting the diversity of zebrafish disease models and their clinical applications.
Patton, E. Elizabeth; Dhillon, Paraminder; Amatruda, James F.; Ramakrishnan, Lalita
Translating MeSH concepts.
The concept-oriented structure of the MeSH« thesaurus is not yet in common use. Nevertheless, it has been shown that a concept-based querying of PubMed may be of interest. To take full advantage of the concept-oriented structure of MeSH in the information retrieval tool associated with the CISMeF catalogue, it was necessary to translate such concepts into French. PMID:23920781
Soualmia, Lina F; Letord, Catherine; Merabti, Tayeb; Griffon, Nicolas; Manel, Jacques; Darmoni, Stķfan J
Machine Translation Evaluation and Optimization
The evaluation of machine translation (MT) systems is a vital field of research, both for determining the effectiveness of existing MT systems and for optimizing the performance of MT systems. This part describes a range of different evaluation approaches used in the GALE community and introduces evaluation protocols and methodologies used in the program. We discuss the development and use of automatic, human, task-based and semi-automatic (human-in-the-loop) methods of evaluating machine translation, focusing on the use of a human-mediated translation error rate HTER as the evaluation standard used in GALE. We discuss the workflow associated with the use of this measure, including post editing, quality control, and scoring. We document the evaluation tasks, data, protocols, and results of recent GALE MT Evaluations. In addition, we present a range of different approaches for optimizing MT systems on the basis of different measures. We outline the requirements and specific problems when using different optimization approaches and describe how the characteristics of different MT metrics affect the optimization. Finally, we describe novel recent and ongoing work on the development of fully automatic MT evaluation metrics that have the potential to substantially improve the effectiveness of evaluation and optimization of MT systems.
Dorr, Bonnie; Olive, Joseph; McCary, John; Christianson, Caitlin
Systematic reviews and knowledge translation.
Proven effective interventions exist that would enable all countries to meet the Millennium Development Goals. However, uptake and use of these interventions in the poorest populations is at least 50% less than in the richest populations within each country. Also, we have recently shown that community effectiveness of interventions is lower for the poorest populations due to a "staircase" effect of lower coverage/access, worse diagnostic accuracy, less provider compliance and less consumer adherence. We propose an evidence-based framework for equity-oriented knowledge translation to enhance community effectiveness and health equity. This framework is represented as a cascade of steps to assess and prioritize barriers and thus choose effective knowledge translation interventions that are tailored for relevant audiences (public, patient, practitioner, policy-maker, press and private sector), as well as the evaluation, monitoring and sharing of these strategies. We have used two examples of effective interventions (insecticide-treated bednets to prevent malaria and childhood immunization) to illustrate how this framework can provide a systematic method for decision-makers to ensure the application of evidence-based knowledge in disadvantaged populations. Future work to empirically validate and evaluate the usefulness of this framework is needed. We invite researchers and implementers to use the cascade for equity-oriented knowledge translation as a guide when planning implementation strategies for proven effective interventions. We also encourage policy-makers and health-care managers to use this framework when deciding how effective interventions can be implemented in their own settings.
Tugwell, Peter; Robinson, Vivian; Grimshaw, Jeremy; Santesso, Nancy
XML Translator for Interface Descriptions
A computer program defines an XML schema for specifying the interface to a generic FPGA from the perspective of software that will interact with the device. This XML interface description is then translated into header files for C, Verilog, and VHDL. User interface definition input is checked via both the provided XML schema and the translator module to ensure consistency and accuracy. Currently, programming used on both sides of an interface is inconsistent. This makes it hard to find and fix errors. By using a common schema, both sides are forced to use the same structure by using the same framework and toolset. This makes for easy identification of problems, which leads to the ability to formulate a solution. The toolset contains constants that allow a programmer to use each register, and to access each field in the register. Once programming is complete, the translator is run as part of the make process, which ensures that whenever an interface is changed, all of the code that uses the header files describing it is recompiled.
Boroson, Elizabeth R.
The Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire
ObjectiveĀĀTo investigate the factor structure of the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) among individuals seen as\\u000a part of routine follow-up following traumatic brain injury.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a MethodsĀĀRPQ data from 168 participants was examined (mean age 35.2, SD 14.3; 89% with post traumatic amnesia durationĀ<Ā24 hours)\\u000a six months after admission to an Accident & Emergency Department following TBI. Structural equation modelling was
Seb Potter; Eleanor Leigh; Derick Wade; Simon Fleminger
Sexual behavioral abstine HIV/AIDS questionnaire: Validation study of an Iranian questionnaire
Background: This study was designed to assess the validity and reliability of the designed sexual, behavioral abstinence, and avoidance of high-risk situation questionnaire (SBAHAQ), with an aim to construct an appropriate development tool in the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: A descriptive¢analytic study was conducted among female undergraduate students of Tehran University, who were selected through cluster random sampling. After reviewing the questionnaires and investigating face and content validity, internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS 16 Software, respectively. Results: The sample consisted of 348 female university students with a mean age of 20.69 ▒ 1.63 years. The content validity ratio (CVR) coefficient was 0.85 and the reliability of each section of the questionnaire was as follows: Perceived benefit (PB; 0.87), behavioral intention (BI; 0.77), and self-efficacy (SE; 0.85) (Cronbach's alpha totally was 0.83). Explanatory factor analysis showed three factors, including SE, PB, and BI, with the total variance of 61% and Kaiser¢Meyer¢Olkin (KMO) index of 88%. These factors were also confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis [adjusted goodness of fitness index (AGFI) = 0.939, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.039]. Conclusion: This study showed the designed questionnaire provided adequate construct validity and reliability, and could be adequately used to measure sexual abstinence and avoidance of high-risk situations among female students.
Najarkolaei, Fatemeh Rahmati; Niknami, Shamsaddin; Shokravi, Farkhondeh Amin; Tavafian, Sedigheh Sadat; Fesharaki, Mohammad Gholami; Jafari, Mohammad Reza
A Confidence Index for Machine Translation
We argue that it is useful for a machine translation system to be able to provide the user with an estimate of the translation quality for each sentence. This makes it possible for bad translations to be filtered out before post-editing, to be highlighted by the user interface, or to cause an interactive system to ask for a rephrasing. A
Arendse Bernth
Optimizations and oracle parallelism with dynamic translation
We describe several optimizations which can be employed in a dynamic binary translation (DBT) system, where low compilation\\/translation overhead is essential. These optimizations achieve a high degree of ILP, sometimes even surpassing a static compiler employing more sophisticated, and more time-consuming algorithms [9]. We present results in which we employ these optimizations in a dynamic binary translation system capable of
Kemal Ebcio?lu; Erik R. Altman; Michael Gschwind; Sumedh Sathaye
Machine Translations of Chinese Mathematical Articles.
A practical machine translation system called CULT (Chinese University Language Translator), capable of translating Chinese mathematical texts into readable English, has been developed during the period 1969-1977 at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Programs for the system are written in Standard FORTRAN and run on the ICL1904A computer system.ģ
Loh, Shiu-Chang; And Others
Interpreting and Translation. Specialised Bibliography A10.
This bibliography is divided into five sections. In the first section, bibliographies pertaining to interpreting and translating are listed. The second section cites general studies and directories. The entries in the third, fourth, and fifth sections concern the areas of interpreting, translation, and machine translation respectively. Entriesģ
British Council, London (England). English-Teaching Information Centre.
JANUS 93: towards spontaneous speech translation
We present first results from our efforts toward translation of spontaneously spoken speech. Improvements include increasing coverage, robustness, generality and speed of JANUS, the speech-to-speech translation system of Carnegie Mellon and Karlsruhe University. The recognition and machine translation engine have been upgraded to deal with requirements introduced by spontaneous human to human dialogs. To allow for development and evaluation of
M. Woszczyna; N. Aoki-Waibel; F. D. Buo; N. Coccaro; K. Horiguchi; T. Kemp; A. Lavie; A. McNair; T. Polzin; I. Rogina; C. P. Rose; T. Schultz; B. Suhm; M. Tomita; A. Waibel
Recent efforts in spoken language translation
Spoken language translation (SLT) is of great relevance in our increasingly globalized world, both from a social and economic point of view. It is one of the major challenges in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT), driving an intense research activity in these areas. Speech translation is useful to assist person-to-person communication in limited domains like tourism and
Francisco Casacuberta; Marcello Federico; Hermann Ney; Enrique Vidal
Machine Translation in Post-Contemporary Era
This article focusing on translating techniques via personal computer or laptop reports updated artificial intelligence progresses before 2010. Based on interpretations and information for field of MT [Machine Translation] by Yorick Wilks' book, "Machine Translation, Its scope and limits," this paper displays understandable theoretical frameworksģ
Lin, Grace Hui Chin
Psychometric properties and validation of Persian version of quality of life in epilepsy inventory (QOLIE-89)
Background: Several epilepsy-specific quality of life questionnaires have been developed. One of them is quality of life in epilepsy-89 version. The objective of this study was to develop a Persian version of QOLE-89 and confirm its psychometric properties. Materials and Methods: Participants were 75 patients with epilepsy. The quality of life questionnaire was adapted to Persian language through a translation and translation-back procedure. Internal consistency by Cronbach's ?, was determined and construct validity was assessed by correlation with GHQ-12 and BDI-PC and discriminant validity was confirmed by comparing scores for known groups. Results: Reliability based on internal consistency (Cronbach's ?) for QOIE-89 was 0/96 and for 17 subscales was varied form 0/70 to 0/89 and Test-retest reliability (Pearson's correlation coefficient) for the Farsi version of the QOLIE-89 ranged from 0.75 to 0.88. Total score of QOLIE-89 discriminated well between the patients according to depression severity and drug resistance and seizure controllability. Correlation between the total scores, BDI-PC and GHQ-R to confirm construct validity was 0/55 and 0/63, respectively. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional survey, Persian version of the QOLIE-89 was reliable and showed properties supporting the construct and discriminant validity at a level comparable with the original and some other versions. Thus, this questionnaire has suitable properties in Iranian population and can be used in clinical trials with epileptic patients.
Ebrahimi, Amrollah; Barekatain, Majid; Bornamanesh, Alireza; Najafi, Mohammad Reza; Salehzadeh, Maryam; Maracy, Mohammad Reza
Reliability and validity of the adapted Greek version of scoliosis research society - 22 (SRS-22) questionnaire
Background The SRS-22 is a valid instrument for the assessment of the health related quality of life of patients with Idiopathic scoliosis. The SRS-22 questionnaire was developed in USA and has been widely used in the English speaking countries. Recently it has been translated and validated in many other languages. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the adapted Greek version of the refined Scoliosis Research Society-22 Questionnaire. Methods Following the steps of cross ¢ cultural adaptation the adapted Greek version of the SRS-22 questionnaire and a validated Greek version of the SF-36 questionnaire were mailed to 68 patients treated surgically for Idiopathic Scoliosis. 51 out of the 68 patients returned the 1st set of questionnaires, while a second set was emailed to 30 randomly selected patients of the first time responders. 20 out of the 30 patients returned the 2nd set. The mean age at the time of operation was16,2 years and the mean age at the time of evaluation was 21,2 years. Descriptive statistics for content analysis were calculated. Reliability assessment was determined by estimating Cronbach's ? and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) respectively. Concurrent validity was evaluated by comparing SRS-22 domains with relevant domains in the SF-36 questionnaire using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (r). Results The calculated Cronbach's ? of internal consistency for three of the corresponding domains (pain 0.85; mental health 0.87; self image 0.83) were very satisfactory and for two domains (function/activity 0.72 and satisfaction 0.67) were good. The ICC of all domains of SRS-22 questionnaire was high (ICC>0.70), demonstrating very satisfactory or excellent test/retest reproducibility. Considering concurrent validity all correlations were found to be statistically significant at the 0.01 level among related domains and generally demonstrated high correlation coefficient. Conclusion The adapted Greek version of the SRS-22 questionnaire is valid and reliable and can be used for the assessment of the outcome of the treatment of the Greek speaking patients with idiopathic scoliosis.
Antonarakos, Petros D; Katranitsa, Labrini; Angelis, Lefteris; Paganas, Aristofanis; Koen, Errikos M; Christodoulou, Evangelos A; Christodoulou, Anastasios G
Dermatophytosis in zoo macropods: a questionnaire study.
Limited published data are available on dermatophytosis in zoo macropods, despite anecdotal reports of disease occurrence and recurrent mob outbreaks. The aim of this questionnaire study was to analyze data from Australian and international zoos to evaluate estimated disease prevalence in zoos housing macropods, affected macropod species, causative organisms, predisposing factors, clinical presentations, diagnostics, treatments, and disease risk management. Two questionnaires (initial detailed and subsequent brief) were distributed via email to zoo veterinarians, with an estimated response rate of 23%. The overall estimated disease prevalence from responding zoos was 28%, with 73% of responding Australian zoos and 14% of responding non-Australian zoos reporting disease. The first cases of confirmed and suspected dermatophytosis in several macropod species and in association with Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. nodulare are reported, with young red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) appearing predisposed. Diagnosis was most commonly based on fungal culture or presumptively on typical clinical signs of minimally/nonpruritic alopecia, crusting, and scaling distributed most frequently on the tail, pinnae, and hind limbs. Both disease resolution without treatment and resolution after an average of 1 to 2 mo of treatment were reported. PMID:24063082
Boulton, Katie Alyce; Vogelnest, Linda Jean; Vogelnest, Larry
Traduction pedagogique et pedagogie de la traduction (Instructional Translation and the Teaching of Translation).
A discussion of translation and second-language instruction looks at the difference between translation used as a tool for teaching a second language and professional translation. It is argued that an interpretive theory of translation necessarily underlies its teaching. (MSE)
Durieu, Christine
The Descriptive Questionnaire data set provides demographic information about each of the households and indicates the primary respondent within each residence. The information is from 1225 Descriptive Questionnaires for 1225 households. The database contains only a portion of ...
The Technician Walk-through Questionnaire data set updates information about each household from the Descriptive Questionnaire and includes relevant information regarding dwelling arrangements, as well as interior and exterior residential characteristics. The information is from...
The Descriptive Questionnaire data set contains demographic information about each of the households and indicates the primary respondent within each residence. The information is from 380 descriptive questionnaires for 80 households across 6 cycles. The data set contains only ...
Patient health questionnaire. Using a patient-focused assessment tool.
A patient health questionnaire was developed for use in family practice to help identify lifestyle risk factors, assess health care needs, and better understand patients. This article discusses the questionnaire's development and practical application. Images Figure 3
Mitchell, J. D.
Comparing translations of the EORTC QLQ-C30 using differential item functioning analyses
The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 is one of the most widely used quality of life\\u000a instruments for cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether there were linguistic differences in the way\\u000a an international sample answered the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Thirteen translations of the EORTC QLQ-C30, representing\\u000a 22 countries, were investigated
N. W. Scott; P. M. Fayers; A. Bottomley; N. K. Aaronson; A de Graeff; M. Groenvold; M. Koller; M. A. Petersen; M. A. G. Sprangers
Screening for Depressive Disorders in Patients with Skin Diseases: A Comparison of Three Screeners
Despite being common, depression often goes undetected in patients with skin diseases. Our aim was to examine and compare the performance of three depression screen- ers. We studied dermatological inpatients aged 18-65 years. They completed the questionnaires Primary Care Screener for Affective Disorders (PC-SAD), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and were administered a standardized psychiatric interview
Angelo Picardi; David A. ADLER; Damiano Abeni; Hong Chang; Paolo Pasquini; William H. ROGERS; Kathleen M. BUNGAY
7 CFR 550.31 - Questionnaires and survey plans.
...2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Questionnaires and survey plans. 550.31 Section... Program Management ┬¦ 550.31 Questionnaires and survey plans. The Cooperator...submit to the REE Agency copies of questionnaires and other forms for clearance in...
78 FR 47749 - Submission of Questionnaire for OMB Review
...INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION Submission of Questionnaire for OMB Review AGENCY: United States...submitted a request for approval of a questionnaire to the Office of Management and Budget...The information requested by the questionnaire is for use by the Commission in...
...2009-01-01 2009-01-01 false Questionnaires and survey plans. 550.31 Section... Program Management ┬¦ 550.31 Questionnaires and survey plans. The Cooperator...submit to the REE Agency copies of questionnaires and other forms for clearance in...
Validating a satisfaction questionnaire using multiple approaches: A case study
We examined the validity of a questionnaire designed to measure the satisfaction of users of health services, using multiple tests of construct validity. Members of 2 health insurance plans in Geneva (Switzerland) answered a mailed questionnaire in 1992 (n = 1007) and 1993 (n = 1424). Response rates were 82%, participants were 18¢44 years old in 1992. The questionnaire included
Jean-Franńois Etter; Thomas V. Perneger
Parent Behavior Importance and Parent Behavior Frequency Questionnaires: Psychometric Characteristics
This study examined the psychometric characteristics of two parenting measures: the Parent Behavior Importance Questionnaire (PBIQ) and Parent Behavior Frequency Questionnaire (PBFQ). Both research questionnaires are based on the parent development theory (PDT) and offer parent as well as non-parent respondents the opportunity to rate 38 parentingģ
Mowder, Barbara A.; Sanders, Michelle
Increasing response rates to postal questionnaires: systematic review
Objective To identify methods to increase response to postal questionnaires. Design Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of any method to influence response to postal questionnaires. Studies reviewed 292 randomised controlled trials including 258 315 participants Intervention reviewed 75 strategies for influencing response to postal questionnaires.
Phil Edwards; Ian Roberts; Mike Clarke; Carolyn DiGuiseppi; Sarah Pratap; Reinhard Wentz; Irene Kwan
Social Presence Questionnaire of Online Collaborative Learning: Development and Validity
This study articulates the construct of social presence and develops a social presence questionnaire for examining online collaborative learning with tests for reliability and validity. Questionnaire items were developed by revising the social presence questionnaire developed by Picciano in 2002 as well as eviewing research in the literature ofģ
Lin, Guan-Yu
Establishing the Validity and Reliability of Course Evaluation Questionnaires
This article uses the case of designing a new course questionnaire to discuss the issues of validity, reliability and diagnostic power in good questionnaire design. Validity is often not well addressed in course questionnaire design as there are no straightforward tests that can be applied to an individual instrument. The authors propose theģ
Kember, David; Leung, Doris Y. P.
The Baseline Questionnaire data set provides information about each household and its primary respondent. The information is from 380 baseline questionnaires for 80 households across 6 cycles. The Baseline Questionnaire was administered to the primary respondent during a face-t...
The Follow-up questionnaire data set contains information concerning the activities within the household during the sampling week. The information is from 402 follow-up questionnaires for 80 households across 6 cycles. The Follow-up Questionnaire specifically addressed the time ...
Questionnaire Design for Student Measurement of Teaching Effectiveness.
The design and use of questionnaires in course and faculty evaluation are discussed and the literature reviewed. Problems of questionnaire construction and interpretation of results are described and a questionnaire developed at the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Waterloo is given as an example. (Author/MSE)
McBean, Edward A.; Al-Nassri, Sabah
Doubly labelled water validation of three physical activity questionnaires.
This study investigated the validity of the Baecke Questionnaire, the Five City Project Questionnaire, and the Tecumseh Community Health Study Questionnaire in 19 Flemish males, using correlation and multiple stepwise regression analyses. The three questionnaires are commonly used physical activity questionnaires in epidemiological studies. The physical activity level (PAL) as measured with the doubly labelled water method was used as the criterion. The Baecke total activity index showed the highest correlation coefficient with PAL (r = 0.69, p < 0.001). Also the sweat index from the Five City Project Questionnaire, and total daily energy expenditure from the Tecumseh Community Health Study Questionnaire showed significant associations with PAL, respectively 0.57 (p < 0.05) and 0.64 (p < 0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analyses supported the findings from the correlation study. The largest individual contribution in PAL was from the activity index (45%) for the Baecke Questionnaire, the sweat index (29%) for the Five City Project Questionnaire, and total daily energy expenditure (38%) for the Tecumseh Community Health Study Questionnaire. In conclusion, the questionnaires, and certainly the Baecke Questionnaire, can provide valid data about physical activity. Therefore they are useful in epidemiological studies. PMID:10452224
Philippaerts, R M; Westerterp, K R; Lefevre, J
"Translating" between survey answer formats?
Survey research remains the most popular source of market knowledge, yet researchers have not yet established one consistent technique for measuring responses. Some market research companies offer respondents two answer options; others five or seven. Some answer formats use middle points on the answer scales, others do not. Some formats verbalize all answer options, some only the endpoints. The wide variety of answer formats that market research companies and academic researchers use makes comparing results across studies virtually impossible. This study offers guidance for market researchers by presenting empirical translations for the answer formats they most commonly use, thus enabling easier comparisons of results.
Dolnicar, Sara; Grun, Bettina
Factor structure, reliability, and known groups validity of the German version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Short-form) in Swiss patients and nonpatients.
The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form is the most widely used instrument to assess childhood trauma and has been translated into 10 languages. However, research into validity and reliability of these translated versions is scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, reliability, and known-groups validity of the German Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (Bernstein & Fink, 1998). Six-hundred and sixty-one clinical and nonclinical participants completed the German Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the 5-factor structure of the original Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form. To investigate known-groups validity, the confirmatory factor analysis latent factor levels between clinical and nonclinical participants were compared. The original 5-factor structure was confirmed, with only the Physical Neglect scale showing rather poor fit. As a conclusion, the results support the validity and reliability of the German Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form. It is recommended to use the German Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form to assess experiences of childhood trauma. PMID:24641795
Karos, Kai; Niederstrasser, Nils; Abidi, Latifa; Bernstein, David P; Bader, Klaus
The ARSQ: The Athletes' Received Support Questionnaire.
To address calls for context-specific measurement of social support, this article reports the development of the Athletes' Received Support Questionnaire (ARSQ) and demonstrates initial evidence for its validity. Across four studies there was support for a four-dimensional structure reflecting emotional, esteem, informational, and tangible received support. There was also support for unidimensional and higher-order models. Further, Study 3 provided some support for convergent validity, with significant correlations between the corresponding dimensions of the ARSQ and the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors. Study 4 provided evidence for the nomological validity of the ARSQ. Emotional and esteem support significantly predicted self-confidence and positive affect, and tangible support significantly moderated the relationship between stress and negative affect. Collectively, these results provide initial evidence for the validity of the ARSQ, and offer researchers flexibility to adopt either a multidimensional or aggregated approach to measuring received support. PMID:24686955
Freeman, Paul; Coffee, Pete; Moll, Tjerk; Rees, Tim; Sammy, Nadine
Detecting exacerbations using the Clinical COPD Questionnaire
Background Early treatment of COPD exacerbations has shown to be important. Despite a non-negligible negative impact on health related quality of life, a large proportion of these episodes is not reported (no change in treatment). Little is known whether (low burden) strategies are able to capture these unreported exacerbations. Methods The Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) is a short questionnaire with great evaluative properties in measuring health status. The current explorative study evaluates the discriminative properties of weekly CCQ assessment in detecting exacerbations. Results In a multicentre prospective cohort study, 121 patients, age 67.4 ▒ 10.5 years, FEV1 47.7 ▒ 18.5% pred were followed for 6 weeks by daily diary card recording and weekly CCQ assessment. Weeks were retrospectively labeled as stable or exacerbation (onset) weeks using the Anthonisen symptom diary-card algorithm. Change in CCQ total scores are significantly higher in exacerbation-onset weeks, 0.35 ▒ 0.69 compared to -0.04 ▒ 0.37 in stable weeks (p < 0.001). Performance of the ? CCQ total score discriminating between stable and exacerbation onset weeks was sufficient (area under the ROC curve 0.75). At a cut off point of 0.2, sensitivity was 62.5 (50.3-73.4), specificity 82.0 (79.3-84.4), and a positive and negative predictive value of 43.5 (35.0-51.0) and 90.8 (87.8-93.5), respectively. Using this cut off point, 22 (out of 38) unreported exacerbations were detected while 39 stable patients would have been false positively 'contacted'. Conclusions Weekly CCQ assessment is a promising, low burden method to detect unreported exacerbations. Further research is needed to validate discriminative performance and practical implications of the CCQ in detecting exacerbations in daily care.
JTEC Panel Report on Machine Translation in Japan.
Contents: Machine Translation in Japan and the U.S.; Technical Infrastructure; Languages and Application Domains; Knowledge Sources for Machine Translation; Life Cycle of Machine Translation Systems; The Uses of Machine Translation in Japan; Acceptance of...
J. Carbonell E. Rich D. Johnson M. Tomita M. Vasconcellos
Assessing personality traits by questionnaire: psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman personality questionnaire and correlations with psychopathology and hostility
Background: The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) was developed in an attempt to define the basic factors of personality or temperament. We aimed to assess the factor structure and the psychometric properties of its Greek version and to explore its relation to psychopathological symptoms and hostility features. Methods: ZKPQ was translated into Greek using back-translation and was administered to 1,462 participants (475 healthy participants, 619 medical patients, 177 psychiatric patients and 191 opiate addicts). Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were performed. Symptoms Distress Check-List (SCL-90R) and Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) were administered to test criterion validity. Results: Five factors were identified, largely corresponding to the original versionÆs respective factors. Retest reliabilities were acceptable (rliÆs: 0.79-0.89) and internal consistency was adequate for Neuroticism-Anxiety (0.87), Impulsive Sensation Seeking (0.80), Aggression-Hostility (0.77) and Activity (0.72), and lower for Sociability (0.64). Most components were able to discriminate psychiatric patients and opiate addicts from healthy participants. Opiate addicts exhibited higher rates on Impulsive Sensation Seeking compared to healthy participants. Neuroticism-Anxiety (p<0.001) and Impulsive Sensation Seeking (p<0.001) were significantly associated with psychological distress and Aggression-Hostility was the most powerful correlate of Total Hostility (p<0.001), and Neuroticism-Anxiety was the stronger correlate of introverted hostility (p<0.001), further supporting the instrumentÆs concurrent validity. Conclusions: Present findings support the applicability of the Greek version of ZKPQ within the Greek population. Future studies could improve its psychometric properties by finding new items, especially for the Sociability scale.
Hyphantis, T; Antoniou, K; Floros, DG; Valma, V; Pappas, AI; Douzenis, A; Assimakopoulos, K; Iconomou, G; Kafetzopoulos, E; Garyfallos, G; Kuhlman, M
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the VISA-A questionnaire for German-speaking Achilles tendinopathy patients
Background Achilles tendinopathy is the predominant overuse injury in runners. To further investigate this overload injury in transverse and longitudinal studies a valid, responsive and reliable outcome measure is demanded. Most questionnaires have been developed for English-speaking populations. This is also true for the VISA-A score, so far representing the only valid, reliable, and disease specific questionnaire for Achilles tendinopathy. To internationally compare research results, to perform multinational studies or to exclude bias originating from subpopulations speaking different languages within one country an equivalent instrument is demanded in different languages. The aim of this study was therefore to cross-cultural adapt and validate the VISA-A questionnaire for German-speaking Achilles tendinopathy patients. Methods According to the "guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures" the VISA-A score was cross-culturally adapted into German (VISA-A-G) using six steps: Translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, pretesting (n = 77), and appraisal of the adaptation process by an advisory committee determining the adequacy of the cross-cultural adaptation. The resulting VISA-A-G was then subjected to an analysis of reliability, validity, and internal consistency in 30 Achilles tendinopathy patients and 79 asymptomatic people. Concurrent validity was tested against a generic tendon grading system (Percy and Conochie) and against a classification system for the effect of pain on athletic performance (Curwin and Stanish). Results The "advisory committee" determined the VISA-A-G questionnaire as been translated "acceptable". The VISA-A-G questionnaire showed moderate to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.60 to 0.97). Concurrent validity showed good coherence when correlated with the grading system of Curwin and Stanish (rho = -0.95) and for the Percy and Conochie grade of severity (rho 0.95). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the total VISA-A-G scores of the patients was calculated to be 0.737. Conclusion The VISA-A questionnaire was successfully cross-cultural adapted and validated for use in German speaking populations. The psychometric properties of the VISA-A-G questionnaire are similar to those of the original English version. It therefore can be recommended as a sufficiently robust tool for future measuring clinical severity of Achilles tendinopathy in German speaking patients.
Lohrer, Heinz; Nauck, Tanja
Energy flows, metabolism and translation
Thermodynamics provides an essential approach to understanding how living organisms survive in an organized state despite the second law. Exchanges with the environment constantly produce large amounts of entropy compensating for their own organized state. In addition to this constraint on self-organization, the free energy delivered to the system, in terms of potential, is essential to understand how a complex chemistry based on carbon has emerged. Accordingly, the amount of free energy brought about through discrete events must reach the strength needed to induce chemical changes in which covalent bonds are reorganized. The consequence of this constraint was scrutinized in relation to both the development of a carbon metabolism and that of translation. Amino acyl adenylates involved as aminoacylation intermediates of the latter process reach one of the higher free energy levels found in biochemistry, which may be informative on the range in which energy was exchanged in essential early biochemical processes. The consistency of this range with the amount of energy needed to weaken covalent bonds involving carbon may not be accidental but the consequence of the abovementioned thermodynamic constraints. This could be useful in building scenarios for the emergence and early development of translation.
Pascal, Robert; Boiteau, Laurent
Optical-to-Tactile Translator
An optical-to-tactile translator provides an aid for the visually impaired by translating a near-field scene to a tactile signal corresponding to said near-field scene. An optical sensor using a plurality of active pixel sensors (APS) converts the optical image within the near-field scene to a digital signal. The digital signal is then processed by a microprocessor and a simple shape signal is generated based on the digital signal. The shape signal is then communicated to a tactile transmitter where the shape signal is converted into a tactile signal using a series of contacts. The shape signal may be an outline of the significant shapes determined in the near-field scene, or the shape signal may comprise a simple symbolic representation of common items encountered repeatedly. The user is thus made aware of the unseen near-field scene, including potential obstacles and dangers, through a series of tactile contacts. In a preferred embodiment, a range determining device such as those commonly found on auto-focusing cameras is included to limit the distance that the optical sensor interprets the near-field scene.
Langevin, Maurice L. (Inventor); Moynihan, Philip I. (Inventor)
Energy flows, metabolism and translation.
Thermodynamics provides an essential approach to understanding how living organisms survive in an organized state despite the second law. Exchanges with the environment constantly produce large amounts of entropy compensating for their own organized state. In addition to this constraint on self-organization, the free energy delivered to the system, in terms of potential, is essential to understand how a complex chemistry based on carbon has emerged. Accordingly, the amount of free energy brought about through discrete events must reach the strength needed to induce chemical changes in which covalent bonds are reorganized. The consequence of this constraint was scrutinized in relation to both the development of a carbon metabolism and that of translation. Amino acyl adenylates involved as aminoacylation intermediates of the latter process reach one of the higher free energy levels found in biochemistry, which may be informative on the range in which energy was exchanged in essential early biochemical processes. The consistency of this range with the amount of energy needed to weaken covalent bonds involving carbon may not be accidental but the consequence of the above mentioned thermodynamic constraints. This could be useful in building scenarios for the emergence and early development of translation. PMID:21930587
Statistical query translation models for cross-language information retrieval
Query translation is an important task in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), which aims to determine the best translation words and weights for a query. This paper presents three statistical query translation models that focus on resolution of query translation ambiguities. All the models assume that the selection of the translation of a query term depends on the translations of other
Jianfeng Gao; Jian-yun Nie; Ming Zhou
CTM: An Example-Based Translation Aid System
This paper describes a Japanese-English translation aid system, CTM, which has a useful capability for flexible retrieval of texts from bilingual corpora or translation databases. Translation examples (pairs of a text and its translation equivalent) are very helpful for us to translate the similar text. Our character-based best match retrieval method can retrieve translation examples similar to the given input.
Satoshi Sato
Developing questionnaires for educational research: AMEE Guide No. 87
In this AMEE Guide, we consider the design and development of self-administered surveys, commonly called questionnaires. Questionnaires are widely employed in medical education research. Unfortunately, the processes used to develop such questionnaires vary in quality and lack consistent, rigorous standards. Consequently, the quality of the questionnaires used in medical education research is highly variable. To address this problem, this AMEE Guide presents a systematic, seven-step process for designing high-quality questionnaires, with particular emphasis on developing survey scales. These seven steps do not address all aspects of survey design, nor do they represent the only way to develop a high-quality questionnaire. Instead, these steps synthesize multiple survey design techniques and organize them into a cohesive process for questionnaire developers of all levels. Addressing each of these steps systematically will improve the probabilities that survey designers will accurately measure what they intend to measure.
La Rochelle, Jeffrey S.; Dezee, Kent J.; Gehlbach, Hunter
Max Margin Learning for Statistical Machine Translation
Minimum error rate training (MERT) has been a widely used learning method for statistical machine translation to estimate the feature function weights of a linear model. MERT has an advantage to incorpolate an automatic translation evaluation metrics as BLEU scores to its objective function. Weight vector can directly be optimized with Line search algorithm using error surface on a given set of candidate translations. It efficiently searches the best parameter resulting the highest BLEU scores. In this paper, we presented a new training algorithm for statisitcal machine translation, inspired by MERT and Structural Support Vector Machines. We performed MERT optimization by maximizing the margin between the oracle and incorrect translations under the L2-norm prior. Our experimental results on Japanese-English speech translation task showed that BLEU scores obtained by our proposed method were much better than those obtained by MERT. We achieved the best improvement of BLEU about +3.0 over standard MERT.
Hayashi, Katsuhiko; Watanabe, Taro; Tsukada, Hajime; Isozaki, Hideki; Yamamoto, Seiichi
[Translational research in anesthesiology: preface and comments].
According to Wikipedia, translational research is scientific research that facilitates the translation of findings from basic science to practical applications that enhance human health and well-being. In this special issue, the topic of translational research in anesthesiology was featured. Six subtopics including 1) adaptation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to central nerve injury, 2) signaling of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor and its clinical application: host-defense and organ protection, 3) molecular mechanisms of chronic pain and its therapeutic strategy, 4) endoplasmic reticulum stress and opioid tolerance, 5) relationships of damage-associated molecular patterns and organ injury, and 6) translational research in omics science to clinical anesthesia, are presented and discussed in detail. Anesthesiologists always keep in mind that the goal of translational research is to improve our health through research and that there would be no bright future in anesthesiology without the fruits of translational research. PMID:23544325
Nishino, Takashi
Translating Discrete-Time Simulink to Lustre
We present a method of translating discrete-time Simulink models to Lustre programs. Our method consists of three steps: type inference, clock inference and hierarchical bottom-up translation. In the process, we formalize typing and timing mechanisms of Simulink. The method has been implemented in a prototype tool called S2L. The tool has been used to translate part of an industrial automotive
Paul Caspi; Adrian Curic; Aude Maignan; Christos Sofronis; Stavros Tripakis
Translating from Complex to Simplified Sentences
\\u000a We address the problem of simplifying Portuguese texts at the sentence level by treating it as a ōtranslation taskö. We use\\u000a the Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) framework to learn how to translate from complex to simplified sentences. Given\\u000a a parallel corpus of original and simplified texts, aligned at the sentence level, we train a standard SMT system and evaluate\\u000a the
Lucia Specia
Developing Client-Server Speech Translation Platform
This paper describes a client-server speech translation platform designed for use at mobile terminals. Because terminals and servers are connected via a 3G public mobile phone networks, speech translation services are available at various places with thin client. This platform realizes hands-free communication and robustness for real use of speech translation in noisy environments. A microphone array and new noise
Tohru Shimizu; Yutaka Ashikari; Toshiyuki Takezawa; Masahide Mizushima; Gen-ichiro Kikui; Yutaka Sasaki; Satoshi Nakamura
Handheld Speech to Speech Translation System
Recent Advances in the processing capabilities of handheld devices (PDAs or mobile phones) have provided the opportunity for\\u000a enablement of speech recognition system, and even end-to-end speech translation system on these devices. However, two-way free-form speech-to-speech translation (as opposite to fixed phrase translation) is a highly complex task. A large amount of computation\\u000a is involved to achieve reliable transformation performance.
Yuqing Gao; Bowen Zhou; Weizhong Zhu; Wei Zhang
Query Translation in Heterogeneous Database Environments
Aims and Background 11.1 General Background 11.2 Specific Background 11.3 Aims of the Project 22. Specification 32.1 Input to the Query Translation Tool 32.2 General Issues 62.3 Output from the Query Translat ion Tool 73. Design 83.1 Design of lexer and parser 83.2 The Structure of the Abstract Syntax Tree 83.3 Query Translation 103.4 Query Simplification 114. Implementation 144.1 Research
Edgar Jasper
NDAS Hardware Translation Layer Development
The NASA Data Acquisition System (NDAS) project is aimed to replace all DAS software for NASA s Rocket Testing Facilities. There must be a software-hardware translation layer so the software can properly talk to the hardware. Since the hardware from each test stand varies, drivers for each stand have to be made. These drivers will act more like plugins for the software. If the software is being used in E3, then the software should point to the E3 driver package. If the software is being used at B2, then the software should point to the B2 driver package. The driver packages should also be filled with hardware drivers that are universal to the DAS system. For example, since A1, A2, and B2 all use the Preston 8300AU signal conditioners, then the driver for those three stands should be the same and updated collectively.
Nazaretian, Ryan N.; Holladay, Wendy T.
Translational research in nicotine dependence.
Nicotine addiction accounts for 4.9 million deaths each year. Furthermore, although smoking represents a significant health burden in the United States, at present there are only three FDA-approved pharmacotherapies currently on the market: (1) nicotine replacement therapy, (2) bupropion, and (3) varenicline. Despite this obvious gap in the market, the complexity of nicotine addiction in addition to the increasing cost of drug development makes targeted drug development prohibitive. Furthermore, using combinations of mouse and human studies, additional treatments could be developed from off-the-shelf, currently approved medication lists. This article reviews translational studies targeting manipulations of the cholinergic system as a viable therapeutic target for nicotine addiction. PMID:23335115
Turner, Jill R; Gold, Allison; Schnoll, Robert; Blendy, Julie A
The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ)
Objectives The Manchester¢Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) is a validated 16-item, patient-reported outcome measure for evaluating outcomes of foot or ankle surgery. The original development of the instrument identified three domains. This present study examined whether the three domains could legitimately be summed to provide a single summary index score. Methods The MOXFQ and Short-Form (SF)-36 were administered to 671 patients before surgery of the foot or ankle. Data from the three domains of the MOXFQ (pain, walking/standing and social interaction) were subjected to higher order factor analysis. Reliability and validity of the summary index score was assessed. Results The mean age of the participants was 52.8 years (sd 15.68; 18 to 89). Higher order principle components factor analysis produced one factor, accounting for 74.7% of the variance. The newly derived single index score was found to be internally reliable (? = 0.93) and valid, achieving at least moderate correlations (r ? 0.5, p < 0.001) with related (pain/function) domains of the SF-36. Conclusions Analyses indicated that data from the MOXFQ can be presented in summary form. The MOXFQ summary index score (MOXFQ-Index) provides an overall indication of the outcomes of foot and ankle surgery. Furthermore, the single index reduces the number of statistical comparisons, and hence the role of chance, when exploring MOXFQ data.
Morley, D.; Jenkinson, C.; Doll, H.; Lavis, G.; Sharp, R.; Cooke, P.; Dawson, J.
Stress Questionnaires and Stress Biomarkers during Pregnancy
Abstract Objective Both self-reported indicators of stress and hormones such as cortisol and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) have been examined in relation to preterm birth. Although these hormones have been interpreted as biomarkers of stress, it is unclear whether psychosocial measures are empirically associated with biomarkers of stress in pregnant women. Methods We analyzed data from 1,587 North Carolina pregnant women enrolled in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition study during 2000¢2004 who provided at least one saliva sample for cortisol measurement or blood samples for CRH at 14¢19 and 24¢29 weeks' gestation. Cortisol measures were limited to those taken between 8 and 10 a.m. Perceived stress, state-trait anxiety, coping style, life events, social support, and pregnancy-specific anxiety were measured by questionnaires and interviews. Spearman correlations and multiple regressions were used to describe the relationship among the measures of stress. Results No correlations larger than r?=?0.15 were seen between reported psychosocial measures and cortisol or CRH. Women with demographic characteristics associated with poor pregnancy outcomes (unmarried, African-American, young, low pre-pregnancy body mass index) reported higher levels of stress but did not consistently have higher levels of stress hormones. Pre-eclampsia was associated with higher CRH, but not with higher cortisol. Conclusions The relationship between measurements of reported stress and biomarkers is not straightforward in large epidemiological studies of pregnancy. For online Supplementary Material, see www.liebertonline.com.
Savitz, David A.; Dole, Nancy; Herring, Amy H.; Thorp, John M.
Responsiveness of the individual work performance questionnaire
Background Individual work performance is an important outcome measure in studies in the workplace. Nevertheless, its conceptualization and measurement has proven challenging. To overcome limitations of existing scales, the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) was recently developed. The aim of the current study was to gain insight into the responsiveness of the IWPQ. Methods Data were used from the Be Active & Relax randomized controlled trial. The aim of the trial was to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention to stimulate physical activity and relaxation of office workers, on need for recovery. Individual work performance was a secondary outcome measure of the trial. In total, 39 hypotheses were formulated concerning correlations between changes on the IWPQ scales and changes on similar constructs (e.g., presenteeism) and distinct constructs (e.g., need for recovery) used in the trial. Results 260 Participants completed the IWPQ at both baseline and 12Āmonths of follow-up. For the IWPQ scales, 23%, 15%, and 38%, respectively, of the hypotheses could be confirmed. In general, the correlations between change scores were weaker than expected. Nevertheless, at least 85% of the correlations were in the expected direction. Conclusions Based on results of the current study, no firm conclusions can be drawn about the responsiveness of the IWPQ. Several reasons may account for the weaker than expected correlations. Future research on the IWPQÆs responsiveness should be conducted, preferably in other populations and intervention studies, where greater changes over time can be expected.
Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Questionnaire Study
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) preferentially affects females at childbearing age. For this reason patients and treating physicians were frequently confronted with questions concerning family planning, pregnancy and birth. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the expertise about pregnancy related topics in multiple sclerosis of neurologists in private practice. Methods We developed a survey with 16 multiple choice questions about pregnancy related topics and sent it to neurologists in private practice in Berlin, Germany. Results 56 completed questionnaires were sent back. 54% of all questions were answered correctly, 21% of the questions were answered with ōI donÆt knowö. Correct answers were more often given by physicians who treat more than 400 MS patients per year (p?=?0.001). Further positive associations were found for assumed relevance of the topic (p?=?0.002) and the degree of counseling (p<0.001). Conclusion To provide a comprehensive counseling, MS patients with desire for children should be counseled by physicians with a lot of experience in MS treatment.
Borisow, Nadja; Paul, Friedemann; Ohlraun, Stephanie; Pach, Daniel; Fischer, Felix; Dorr, Jan
Universal machine translator of arbitrary languages
US Patent & Trademark Office Database
A universal machine translator of arbitrary languages enables the semantic, or meaningful, translation of arbitrary languages with zero loss of meaning of the source language in the target language translation, which loss is typical in prior art human and machine translations. The universal machine translator embodies universal transformations itself and comprises the means for identifying high-level grammatical constructions of a source language word stream, constructing a grammatical world model of the syntax of the source language high-level word stream, decomposing source and target languages into universal moments of meaning, or epistemic instances, translating the epistemic moments of source and target languages with substantially no loss in meaning, constructing a grammatical world model of the syntax of the target language high-level word stream, optionally adjusting the target language syntax to comply with a preferred target language grammar, and generating the translated target language word stream. The universal machine translator also comprises the means to embody arbitrary sensory/motor receptions and transmissions of arbitrary word streams, which allows universally translated communications to occur among human beings and machines.
PC-assisted translation of photogrammetric papers
A PC-based system for machine translation of photogrammetric papers from the English into the German language and vice versa is described. The computer-assisted translating process is not intended to create a perfect interpretation of a text but to produce a rough rendering of the content of a paper. Starting with the original text, a continuous data flow is effected into the translated version by means of hardware (scanner, personal computer, printer) and software (OCR, translation, word processing, DTP). An essential component of the system is a photogrammetric microdictionary which is being established at present. It is based on several sources, including e.g. the ISPRS Multilingual Dictionary.
G³thner, Karlheinz; Peipe, J³rgen
Creation of the Polish version and adaptation of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Endometrial Cancer Module (QLQ-EN24)
Aim of the study The purpose of this study was to create and introduce a Polish version of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire for Endometrial Cancer (QLQ-EN24). Material and methods The translation procedure described by the EORTC was adopted; this comprised two independent forward translations of the original English questionnaire into Polish, two independent backward translations from Polish to English and pilot testing conducted on 12 patients with diagnosed endometrial cancer. They were asked whether there was any difficulty in answering, confusion while answering, or difficulty in understanding the questions, and if the patients themselves would have framed the questions in a different way. Results During the process of translation, discussions and text corrections were performed by medical experts and native English speakers. Some sentences or phrasing were adopted from other EORTC questionnaires for different diseases. After pilot testing, further text corrections were adopted according to patientsÆ comments. These involved wording, sentence structure, and text editing (font size, bolding). Conclusions The final version of the Polish EN24 questionnaire has been approved by the EORTC Translational Office. It is available on the EORTC web page now.
Zalewski, Kamil; Grabowski, Jacek P.; Mardas, Marcin; Jones, Steven; Pietrzak-Stukan, Malgorzata; Dudziak, Miroslaw
Comparison of a video questionnaire with the IUATLD written questionnaire for measuring asthma prevalence.
A video questionnaire (VQ) for measuring asthma prevalence in adolescents was assessed for repeatability and validity in relation to bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) (PD20 less than or equal to 7.8 mumol methacholine). Comparison was also made with a standard, self completed written questionnaire (SQ), based on the IUATLD Bronchial Symptoms Questionnaire, which included five questions seeking comparable data to those in the VQ. Both the VQ and SQ were administered to 707 schoolchildren (13-16 years), in whom English was the primary language. One hundred and six randomly selected children subsequently underwent bronchial challenge to methacholine. Both the sensitivity and specificity for BHR were higher for a combination of three or more positive responses to the VQ (0.73 and 0.88), than to the SQ (0.63 and 0.82), although these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.24). When administered again after a two week interval, the VQ had a significantly higher (P = 0.03) coefficient of repeatability (0.79) than the SQ (0.50). We conclude that the VQ is a valid and reliable method of determining asthma prevalence, and propose that by providing data relatively free from biases due to language, culture, literacy or interviewing techniques it may be particularly useful when comparing asthma prevalence and severity in different populations. PMID:1628254
Shaw, R A; Crane, J; Pearce, N; Burgess, C D; Bremner, P; Woodman, K; Beasley, R
Feeding beliefs and practices of Chinese immigrant mothers. Validation of a modified version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire.
The Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) developed by Birch etĀal. (2001) is a widely used tool for measuring parental feeding beliefs, attitudes and practices. However, the appropriateness of the CFQ for use with Chinese populations is unknown. This study tested the construct validity of a novel Chinese version of the CFQ using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Participants included a convenience sample of 254 Chinese-Australian mothers of children aged 1-4?years. Prior to testing, the questionnaire was translated into Chinese using a translation-back-translation method, one item was reworded to be culturally appropriate, a new item was added (monitoring), and five items that were not age-appropriate for the sample were removed. Based on previous literature, both a seven-factor and an eight-factor model were assessed via CFA. Results showed that the eight-factor model, which separated restriction and use of food rewards, improved the conceptual clarity of the constructs and provided a good fit to the data. Internal consistency of all eight factors was acceptable (Cronbach's ?: .60-.93). This modified eight-factor CFQ appears to be a linguistically and culturally appropriate instrument for assessing feeding beliefs and practices in Chinese-Australian mothers of young children. PMID:24816321
Liu, Wei-Hong; Mallan, Kimberley M; Mihrshahi, Seema; Daniels, Lynne A
The transtheoretical model (TTM) questionnaire for smoking cessation: psychometric properties of the Iranian version
Background The transtheoretical model (TTM) is a common framework for studies of smoking cessation. Using the TTM, several instruments were developed to measure to what extent interventions could make changes in peopleÆs behavior. The current study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Persian version of a TTM based questionnaire for smoking cessation in Iran. Methods This was a cross-sectional validation study among adult male smokers using the TTM Questionnaire. Backward-forward procedure was applied to translate the questionnaire from English into Persian (the Iranian language). The confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test validity. The internal consistency and stability of the questionnaire was examined using CronbachÆs alpha coefficient and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results In all 150 male smokers were entered into the study. The mean age of participants was 36.51?▒?7.94Āyears. The results obtained from confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the data was fit to the model: the goodness of fit index (GFI)?=?0.92; the comparative fit index (CFI)?=?0.91; the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)?=?0.065 (95% CI?=?0.063-0.067), and the relative chi-square (x2/df)?=?1.87, p?0.001. The CronbachÆs alpha ranged from 0.60 to 0.84 indicating an acceptable result. Also Intraclass Correlation of Coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.61 to 0.83 corresponding to a satisfactory finding. Conclusion The current study provided psychometric evidence for an appropriate, reliable, and valid tool to determine smoking behaviors among Iranian adult smokers. Indeed the findings from this study could be applied in designing smoking cessation interventions in Iran.
Selection and Use of NonStatistical Translation Components in a Statistical Machine Translation Framework.
A system with a nonstatistical translation component integrated with a statistical translation component engine. The same corpus may be used for training the statistical engine and also for determining when to use the statistical engine and when to use th...
F. J. Och
Questionnaire about psychology/disease correlation - II
Objective. To further evaluate the adequacy of the items in our questionnaire aimed at unraveling the possible correlations between psychological features and internal disorders. This paper is dedicated to the items exploring the individualÆs interaction with other people. Method. The items are divided into several subdomains. For each subdomain, we have calculated the correlations between the items of the respective subdomain (inner associations) and with the items in other subdomains (outer associations) by means of chi square test or Fisher exact test as dictated by statistical reasons. We examined the answers from our first 10192 respondents. Results and conclusions. Many inter-item correlations are the consequence of higher or lesser degrees of synonymy. Those within a given subdomain confirm the adequate allocation of items. Those bridging different subdomains may point either to incorrect assignments, or to semantic inclusion relations. Other results are not explicable by semantic similarity, and probably reveal psychological subtleties, such as: most individuals have a sense of undeservedness when badly treated by other people; those easily hurt by insults and humiliations have a propensity to timidity and/or emotivity; the subjects who shun conflicts are more prone to persistent thoughts, brooding people are more sensitive and more prone to conflicts, injustice-indignant people frequently get into conflict although they declare to be bothered by dissent etc. But at the heart of all the PFs in the Interaction-with-other-people domain there seems to be the sense of being undervalued, which should probably be the key issue to be addressed by any therapeutic interventions for diseases psychoemotionally determined by disturbed interpersonal relationships. Abbreviations: PF = psychological feature; Chisq = chi-square; OdRa = odds ratio; OdRaCL = odds ratio confidence limits; ErrProb = probability of error
Dragos, D; Ojog, DG; Tanasescu, MD
Context, translator and history : a study of three translations of luotuo xiangzi in the USA
Three different English translations of Lao SheÆs (??) Luotuo Xiangzi (????) were marketed in the USA from 1945 to 2005. What are the major historical occurrences and trends from the late 19th to the early 21st century that define the contexts of these translations? Beginning with an analysis of the stylistic features of each translation, the present study explores how
Ying Jun LI
New Horizons of Translational Research and Research Translation in Social Work
There has been an increasing focus on the process of translating research into practice in all fields of health and social services. This focus has shed considerable light on the potential for social workers to play a pivotal role in conducting translational research and facilitating research translation. This article examines new opportunities,ģ
Palinkas, Lawrence A.; Soydan, Haluk
Learning How to translate Foreign News Discovering Strategies in Translation of Press Texts
This study was done to discover the strategies that were used by a group of experienced translators at different universities and colleges when translating foreign news in international and national English newspapers. Some aspects about concepts in translation strategies introduced by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995 \\/2004), were used. They are 1.abstract for concrete 2.to change double negative phrases into positive
Shirzad Mansouri; Hossein Younesi
Validity and Reliability of the Persian (Farsi) Version of the DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions) Questionnaire for Differential Diagnosis of Neuropathic from Non-Neuropathic Pains.
The aim of our study was translation and assessment of validity and reliability of the Persian version of DN4 questionnaire. The goal was to fill the gap caused by the absence of a validated instrument in Persian to facilitate discrimination of neuropathic pain. In this study, the adaptation and validation of the questionnaire was carried out in 4 steps, including translation, retranslation, semantic, and literal assessments, and a pilot study for practicability and potential perception difficulties of the final Persian version on 45 patient samples. The questionnaire validation performed on 175 patients, 112 (64%) females with the mean age of 52.53 (SDĀ=Ā14.98) ranging from 22 to 87Āyears of age with neuropathic (NĀ=Ā86) and non-neuropathic pain (NNP) (NĀ=Ā89). Sensitivity, specificity, and Youden Index in cut-off point ?Ā4 were 90%, 95%, and 0.85, respectively, which are noteworthy findings among other validation studies. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.852. Inter-rater agreement and test-retest reliability were significant intraclass coefficient (ICCĀ=Ā0.957 and ICCĀ=Ā0.918, respectively). The Persian version of DN4 questionnaire is a reliable, valid, feasible, and easily administered tool for precise discrimination neuropathic pain from NNP in Farsi. The characteristics of this test can assist practitioner to diagnose neuropathic pain accurately for both clinical and research purposes. PMID:23763722
Madani, Seyed Pezhman; Fateh, Hamid R; Forogh, Bijan; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Ahadi, Tannaz; Ghaboussi, Pouya; Bouhassira, Didier; Raissi, Gholam Reza
Day surgery; development of a questionnaire for eliciting patients' experiences
OBJECTIVE--To develop a single, short, acceptable, and validated postal questionnaire for assessing patients' experiences of the process and outcome of day surgery. DESIGN--Interviews and review of existing questionnaires; piloting and field testing of draft questionnaires; consistency and validity checks. SETTING--Four hospitals, in Coventry (two), Swindon, and Milton Keynes. PATIENTS--373 patients undergoing day surgery in 1990. MAIN MEASURES--Postoperative symptoms, complications, health
N Black; C Sanderson
Usual Dietary Intakes: NHANES Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)
NCI developed a new instrument called the NHANES Food Frequency Questionnaire (formerly called Food Propensity Questionnaire) and supported its application in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This instrument collects much of the same information as a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), but without asking about portion size. The resulting data can be employed in the NCI usual dietary intakes model as covariates. By not asking about portion size, the NHANES FFQ requires less respondent burden than other FFQs.
Psychometric Properties of the Nurses Work Functioning Questionnaire (NWFQ)
ObjectivesThe Nurses Work Functioning Questionnaire (NWFQ) is a 50-item self-report questionnaire specifically developed for nurses and allied health professionals. Its seven subscales measure impairments in the work functioning due to common mental disorders. Aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the NWFQ, by assessing reproducibility and construct validity.MethodsThe questionnaire was administered to 314 nurses and allied
Fania R. Gõrtner; Karen Nieuwenhuijsen; Frank J. H. van Dijk; Judith K. Sluiter
Reliability of the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire
Purpose: To assess the test-retest reliability of the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire.Methods: A sample of 4619 male and female high school students from white, black, Hispanic, and other racial\\/ethnic groups completed the YRBS questionnaire on two occasions approximately two weeks apart. The questionnaire assesses a broad range of health risk behaviors. This study used a protocol that
Nancy D Brener; Laura Kann; Tim McManus; Steven A Kinchen; Elizabeth C Sundberg; James G Ross
An Exploration of Questionnaire Sorting and Fuzzy Sorting
Questionnaire sorting is a concept for sorting mentioned by Coxon [(1999) SORTING DATA. Collection and Analysis. Thousand Oaks: Sage] and Harloff and Coxon [(2005), How to Sort. A Short Guide on Sorting Investigations. www.methodofsorting.com]. The use of questionnaire sorting is detailed herein. A paper questionnaire variant and a HTML\\u000a form variant are introduced. Their equivalence among each other and with
Joachim Harloff
78 FR 65451 - Agency Information Collection (Shoulder and Arm Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire...
...Arm Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY...Arm Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire)'' in any correspondence. FOR FURTHER...Arm Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire).'' SUPPLEMENTARY...
78 FR 65451 - Agency Information Collection (Neck (Cervical Spine) Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire...
...Spine) Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY...Spine) Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire)'' in any correspondence. FOR FURTHER...Spine) Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire).'' SUPPLEMENTARY...
78 FR 68905 - Agency Information Collection (Wrist Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire) Under OMB Review
...Wrist Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire) Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans...Wrist Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire)'' in any correspondence. FOR FURTHER...Wrist Conditions Disability Benefits Questionnaire)''. SUPPLEMENTARY...
We describe a novel approach and practical solution to an interactive sign language machine translation system from English to South African Sign Language. We interface the system with the GNApp application, which is an augmen- tative and alternative communication front-end, in order to resolve word sense ambiguities. This enhances the correct- ness of the rule-based translation system. We also argue
Lynette van Zijl; Guillaume Olivrin
Fluid integration of rotation and translation
Previous research has shown that rotation and orientation of items plays three major roles during collaboration: comprehension, coordination and communication. Based on these roles of orientation and advice from kinesiology research, we have designed the Rotate'N Translate (RNT) interaction mechanism, which provides integrated control of rotation and translation using only a single touch-point for input. We present an empirical evaluation
Russell Kruger; Sheelagh Carpendale; Stacey D. Scott; Anthony Tang
Translation: Towards a Critical-Functional Approach
The controversy over the place of translation in the teaching of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a thriving field of inquiry. Many older language teaching methodologies such as the Direct Method, the Audio-lingual Method, and Natural and Communicative Approaches, tended to either neglect the role of translation, or prohibit it entirely as aģ
Sadeghi, Sima; Ketabi, Saeed
Protein Synthesis: Transcription/Translation Overview
This animation shows the transcription process of RNA within the plant cell. Single stranded RNA moves out of the cell where it is translated into proteins. This is the first in a series of three animations on protein synthesis. The other two animations are Transcription and Translation.
Going Online: Helping Technical Communicators Help Translators.
Explains why technical communicators should help translators. Offers tips for creating "translation-friendly" documentation. Describes the research and design process used by the authors to create an online tutorial that provides technical communicators at a medical technology company the information they need to help them write and designģ
Flint, Patricia; Lord van Slyke, Melanie; Starke-Meyerring, Doreen; Thompson, Aimee
Machine Translation in a Modern Languages Curriculum.
Reviews the current state of Machine Translation (MT), i.e., computer systems attempting automatic natural language translation. Describes the experiences of teaching MT to modern language college students using a commercially available system and overviews the main features of the system. (Nine references) (Author/CK)
Lewis, Derek
Programming Language for Machine Translation Study.
Second generation computers heretofore used in machine translation R and D are now being replaced by third generation machinery. As a result, machine translation programs developed in the past are obsolescent. The goal of this study was to ease the transi...
M. R. Needleman J. Mersel C. Cagan
Synecdoque et traduction (Synedoche and Translation)
Simultaneous translation is used as the basis for a study of the transmission of meaning in the process of translation and in that of oral communication. The fact that most utterances give only a hint of an idea to express the entire thought is the foundation of the study. (Text is in French.) (AMH)
Lederer, Marianne
Translation of attribute grammars into procedures
An efficient method for evaluating attribute grammars by translating them into sets of procedures is presented. The basic idea behind the method is to consider nonterminal symbols of the grammar as functions that map their inherited attributes to their synthesized attributes. Associated with the nonterminal symbols are procedures that realize the functions. The attribute grammar is translated into a program
Takuya Katayama
PATSTAGS: PATRAN-To-STAGSC-1 Translator
PATSTAGS computer program translates data from PATRAN finite-element mathematical model into STAGS input records used for engineering analysis. Reads data from PATRAN neutral file and writes STAGS input records into STAGS input file and UPRESS data file. Supports translations of nodal constraints, and of nodal, element, force, and pressure data. Written in FORTRAN 77.
Otte, Neil
Six questions about translational due diligence.
To maintain stable respect and support, translational research must be guided by appropriate ethical, social, legal, and political concerns and carry out culturally competent practices. Considering six key questions concerning due diligence will enable the translational research community to examine critically how it approaches these endeavors. PMID:20427818
Selinger, Evan
Interlingual Machine Translation: Prospects and Setbacks
This study, in an attempt to rise above the intricacy of "being informed on the verge of globalization," is founded on the premise that Machine Translation (MT) applications searching for an ideal key to find a universal foundation for all natural languages have a restricted say over the translation process at various discourse levels. Our paperģ
Acikgoz, Firat; Sert, Olcay
Training Tools for Translators and Interpreters
The present paper reviews the traditional methodologies of translator training and proposes an eclectic multi-componential approach that involves a set of interdisciplinary skills with the ultimate objective of meeting market demand. Courses on translation for specific purposes (TSP) and think-aloud protocols (TAP) along with self-monitoring andģ
Translational physiology: from molecules to public health
The term ætranslational researchÆ was coined 20 years ago and has become a guiding influence in biomedical research. It refers to a process by which the findings of basic research are extended to the clinical research setting (bench to bedside) and then to clinical practice and eventually health policy (bedside to community). It is a dynamic, multidisciplinary research approach. The concept of translational physiology applies the translational research model to the physiological sciences. It differs from the traditional areas of integrative and clinical physiology by its broad investigative scope of basic research to community health. Translational physiology offers exciting opportunities, but presently is under-developed and -utilized. A key challenge will be to expand physiological research by extending investigations to communities of patients and healthy (or at risk) individuals. This will allow bidirectional physiological investigation throughout the translational continuum: basic research observations can be studied up to the population level, and mechanisms can be assessed by æreverse translationÆ in clinical research settings and preclinical models based on initial observations made in populations. Examples of translational physiology questions, experimental approaches, roadblocks and strategies for promotion are discussed. Translational physiology provides a novel framework for physiology programs and an investigational platform for physiologists to study function from molecular events to public health. It holds promise for enhancing the completeness and societal impact of our work, while further solidifying the critical role of physiology in the biomedical research enterprise.
Seals, Douglas R
Lost in Translation: The Power of Language
The paper examines some philosophical aspects of translation as a metaphor for education--a metaphor that avoids the closure of final definitions, in favour of an ongoing and tentative process of interpretation and revision. Translation, it is argued, is a complex process involving language, within and among cultures, and in the exercise of power.ģ
Farquhar, Sandy; Fitzsimons, Peter
Travelling Languages? Land, Languaging and Translation
What does translation become if we uncouple language from culture and link language to perception and experience of the land? What would happen to translation if the culture concept was not the starting point for theorizing? In order to answer this question I examine the contributions of Eagleton, Keesing, Cronin and, most particularly, of theģ
Phipps, Alison
Automatic translation in multilingual business meetings
Purpose ¢ Multilingual meetings continue to be a problem in business communication due to the necessity to translate between different natural language pairs. The paper has developed a new electronic meeting technology that automatically translates comments written in any of 41 languages (e.g. French, Chinese, etc.). The purpose of this paper is to quickly and accurately show on each user's
Milam Aiken; Kaushik Ghosh
Controlled translation of an intrinsic localized mode
Numerical simulations demonstrate that translational motion of a stationary driverlocked intrinsic localized mode (ILM) can be generated, by applying a second lower frequency oscillator. This combination introduces a parametrically driven lateral oscillation of the ILM about its lattice center. At an appropriate condition the ILM motion changes from a rocking motion to continuous translation.
Sato, M.; Fujita, N.; Nishimura, S.; Takao, Y.; Sada, Y.; Shi, W.; Shige, S.; Sievers, A. J.
Survey of Current Paradigms in Machine Translation.
This paper is a survey of machine translation (MT) research from the United States, Europe, and Japan. A short history of machine translation is presented, followed by an overview of current research and representative examples of a wide range of differen...
B. J. Dorr P. W. Jordan J. W. Benoit
Validation Studies of the Zutphen Physical Activity Questionnaire
Relation between self report energy expenditure from the Zutphen Physical Activity Questionnaire score, and 7-day objective physical activity (PA) measurements from accelerometers and pedometers (Pearson correlation).
The VARK Questionnaire: How Do I Learn Best?
The VARK Questionnaire "How Do I Learn Best?" is a very useful free learning styles survey tool. This questionnaire can help students better understand how they learn and how to best study depending upon their preferred learning style: visual, aural, kinesthetic, read-write or multimodal. After taking the questionnaire, the participant will receive a personal learning profile with learning and study hints specifically geared to their learning style. It also can help instructors find out how their students learn and the best ways to teach them. There is also a version of the questionnaire available for athletes or for younger people.
MSD Recombination Method in Statistical Machine Translation
Freely available tools and language resources were used to build the VoiceTRAN statistical machine translation (SMT) system. Various configuration variations of the system are presented and evaluated. The VoiceTRAN SMT system outperformed the baseline conventional rule-based MT system in all English-Slovenian in-domain test setups. To further increase the generalization capability of the translation model for lower-coverage out-of-domain test sentences, an ``MSD-recombination'' approach was proposed. This approach not only allows a better exploitation of conventional translation models, but also performs well in the more demanding translation direction; that is, into a highly inflectional language. Using this approach in the out-of-domain setup of the English-Slovenian JRC-ACQUIS task, we have achieved significant improvements in translation quality.
Gros, Jerneja Äganec
Translational molecular imaging for cancer
Although most clinical diagnostic imaging studies employ anatomic techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, much of radiology research currently focuses on adapting these conventional methods to physiologic imaging as well as on introducing new techniques and probes for studying processes at the cellular and molecular levels in vivo, i.e. molecular imaging. Molecular imaging promises to provide new methods for the early detection of cancer and support for personalized cancer therapy. Although molecular imaging has been practiced in various incarnations for over 20 years in the context of nuclear medicine, other imaging modalities have only recently been applied to the noninvasive assessment of physiology and molecular events. Nevertheless, there has been sufficient experience with specifically targeted contrast agents and high-resolution techniques for MR imaging and other modalities that we must begin moving these new technologies from the laboratory to the clinic. This brief review outlines several of the more promising areas of pursuit in molecular imaging for oncology with an emphasis on those that show the most immediate likelihood for clinical translation.
Pomper, Martin G
Translational molecular imaging for cancer.
Although most clinical diagnostic imaging studies employ anatomic techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, much of radiology research currently focuses on adapting these conventional methods to physiologic imaging as well as on introducing new techniques and probes for studying processes at the cellular and molecular levels in vivo, i.e. molecular imaging. Molecular imaging promises to provide new methods for the early detection of cancer and support for personalized cancer therapy. Although molecular imaging has been practiced in various incarnations for over 20 years in the context of nuclear medicine, other imaging modalities have only recently been applied to the noninvasive assessment of physiology and molecular events. Nevertheless, there has been sufficient experience with specifically targeted contrast agents and high-resolution techniques for MR imaging and other modalities that we must begin moving these new technologies from the laboratory to the clinic. This brief review outlines several of the more promising areas of pursuit in molecular imaging for oncology with an emphasis on those that show the most immediate likelihood for clinical translation. PMID:16361132
Translating Metabolomics to Cardiovascular Biomarkers
Metabolomics is the systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints of small-molecules, or metabolite profiles, that are related to a variety of cellular metabolic processes in a cell, organ, or organism. While mRNA gene expression data and proteomic analyses do not tell the whole story of what might be happening in a cell, metabolic profiling provides direct and indirect physiologic insights that can potentially be detectable in a wide range of biospecimens. Although not specific to cardiac conditions, translating metabolomics to cardiovascular biomarkers has followed the traditional path of biomarker discovery from identification and confirmation to clinical validation and bedside testing. With technological advances in metabolomic tools (such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry) and more sophisticated bioinformatics and analytical techniques, the ability to measure low-molecular-weight metabolites in biospecimens provides a unique insight into established and novel metabolic pathways. Systemic metabolomics may provide physiologic understanding of cardiovascular disease states beyond traditional profiling, and may involve descriptions of metabolic responses of an individual or population to therapeutic interventions or environmental exposures.
Senn, Todd; Hazen, Stanley L.; Tang, W. H. Wilson
Irreversible translation arrest in the reperfused brain
Irreversible translation arrest occurs in reperfused neurons that will die by delayed neuronal death. It is now recognized that suppression of protein synthesis is a general response of eukaryotic cells to exogenous stressors. Indeed, stress-induced translation arrest can be viewed as a component of cell stress responses, and consists of initiation, maintenance, and termination phases that work in concert with stress-induced transcriptional mechanisms. Within this framework, we review translation arrest in reperfused neurons. This framework provides a basis to recognize that phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 is the initiator of translation arrest, and a key marker indicating activation of neuronal stress responses. However, eIF2 alpha phosphorylation is reversible. Other phases of stress-induced translation arrest appear to contribute to irreversible translation arrest specifically in ischemic vulnerable neuron populations. We detail two lines of evidence supporting this view. First, ischemia, as a stress stimulus, induces irreversible co-translational protein misfolding and aggregation after 4 to 6 h of reperfusion, trapping protein synthesis machinery into functionally inactive protein aggregates. Second, ischemia and reperfusion leads to modifications of stress granules (SGs) that sequester functionally inactive 48S preinitiation complexes to maintain translation arrest. At later reperfusion durations, these mechanisms may converge such that SGs become sequestered in protein aggregates. These mechanisms result in elimination of functionally active ribosomes and preclude recovery of protein synthesis in selectively vulnerable neurons. Thus, recognizing translation arrest as a component of endogenous cellular stress response pathways will aid in making sense of the complexities of postischemic translation arrest.
DeGracia, Donald J; Hu, Bingren R
Dimensions of the contraceptive attributes questionnaire.
Principal components factor analyses with orthogonal rotation were performed on Importance, Sponge Agreement, Pill Agreement, and Diaphragm Agreement scales on the Contraceptive Attributes Questionnaire (CAQ) to ascertain reliability and validity. Specifically, the intent was to measure whether the scales included more than 1 dimension. Internal consistency of the factors was also measured with Cronbach's alpha for each of the factors in each of the Importance and Agreement factors. Data were obtained from a US national telephone survey of 1187 sexually active women 15-44 years. 385 were currently using the contraceptive sponge, 407 women who had formerly used the sponge, and 396 who had never used the sponge and were using other forms of contraception. 91.9% were white, 5.8% were black, and 1.4% were of Hispanic origin. 75.9% were employed outside the household. 61.4% were currently married, 25.2% were never married, and 13.4% were widowed or divorced. The instrument was designed to measure the subjective importance of specific attributed that contraceptive methods may have (Importance) and the perceived characteristics of specific contraceptive methods (Agreement). Importance is measured by the respondent's rating on a 5-point scale of how important each of 18 attributes was in selecting a birth control method. Agreement was determined by asking how much one agrees that the 18 attributes describes each of 3 methods: the pill, the sponge, and the diaphragm (14 attributes). The model of contraceptive decision making assumes that choice of a specific method is a function of value, importance, and likelihood. The attributes were based on 2 other sources, and pretesting reduces 63 items down to 18. The results yielded ratings of agreement for all 3 methods on convenience and absence of health problems and side effects attributes. For vaginal methods only, the attribute of greatest importance was convenience. The conclusion is that the subscales have reasonable internal consistency. In the comparison of women who used different methods, there were differences by user status on the ratings of the Importance and Agreement attributes for all 3 methods. Sponge users emphasized obtaining contraceptives without consulting medical staff. Pill users were concerned with the reputation of the method and convenience of use. Diaphragm users related to the reputation and familiarity with the method. Limitations were built into the sample which was not randomly selected, predominately white, and may reflect more innovative users. Items also were all stated in the positive. The CAQ would be useful is determining the characteristics of methods of importance to her and her perceptions of methods. Future research might examine different populations and compare positive and negative items. PMID:12344926
Beckman, L J; Harvey, S M; Murray, J
Women's experience of IVF: a follow-up study
The aim of this research was to increase understanding of how women feel about the experience of IVF 2-3 years after ceasing treatment. A questionnaire covering issues relating to infertility and the value of the experience of IVF together with three self-report measures (Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12))
K. Hammarberg; J. Astbury; H. W. G. Baker
Statistical Machine Translation for Biomedical Text: Are We There Yet?
In our paper we addressed the research question: ōHas machine translation achieved sufficiently high quality to translate PubMed titles for patients?ö. We analyzed statistical machine translation output for six foreign language - English translation pairs (bi-directionally). We built a high performing in-house system and evaluated its output for each translation pair on large scale both with automated BLEU scores and human judgment. In addition to the in-house system, we also evaluated Google TranslateÆs performance specifically within the biomedical domain. We report high performance for German, French and Spanish -- English bi-directional translation pairs for both Google Translate and our system.
Wu, Cuijun; Xia, Fei; Deleger, Louise; Solti, Imre
Brazilian Version of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ-Br): Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Evaluation of Measurement Properties
OBJECTIVE To conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire into Brazilian-Portuguese and to assess its measurement properties. INTRODUCTION This instrument is an outcome measure with 10 domains with scores ranging from 0¢100, worst to best, respectively. The translated instrument will improve the examinations and foot care of rheumatoid arthritis patients. METHODS The questions were translated, back-translated, evaluated by a multidisciplinary committee and pre-tested (n = 40 rheumatoid arthritis subjects). The new version was submitted to a field test (n = 65) to evaluate measurement properties such as test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity. The Health Assessment Questionnaire, Numeric Rating Scale for foot pain and Sharp/van der Heijde scores for foot X-rays were used to test the construct validity. RESULTS The cross-cultural adaptation was completed with minor wording adaptations from the original instrument. The evaluation of measurement properties showed high reliability with low variation coefficients between interviews. The ?-Cronbach coefficients varied from 0.468 to 0.855, while correlation to the Health Assessment Questionnaire and Numeric Rating Scale was statistically significant for five out of eight domains. DISCUSSION Intra- and inter-observer correlations showed high reliability. Internal consistency coefficients were high for all domains, revealing higher values for less subjective domains. As for construct validity, each domain revealed correlations with a specific group of parameters according to what the domains intended to measure. CONCLUSION The FHSQ was cross-culturally adapted, generating a reliable, consistent, and valid instrument that is useful for evaluating foot health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Ferreira, Ana F. B.; Laurindo, Ieda M. M.; Rodrigues, Priscilla T.; Ferraz, Marcos Bosi; Kowalski, Sergio C.; Tanaka, Clarice
Second Evaluation of the SYSTRAN Automatic Translation System. Final Report.
The machine translation system SYSTRAN was assessed for translation quality and system productivity. The test was carried out on translations from English to French dealing with food science and technology. Machine translations were compared to manual translations of the same texts. SYSTRAN was found to be a useful system of informationģ
Van Slype, Georges
Relationships between the Food Expectancy Questionnaire (FEQ) and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).
The outcome expectancies of 250 respondents were examined using the Food Expectancy Questionnaire (FEQ), comparing expectancies about four different foods: fruit, vegetables, chocolate and sweets and plain biscuits. These expectancies were related to diet as assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. As with alcohol expectancies [Jones, B. T., Corbin, W. & Fromme, K. (2001). A review of expectancy theory and alcohol consumption. Addiction, 96, 57-72], on which this research was modelled, positive and negative outcomes were the main factors for all foods, accounting jointly for between 33 and 40% of expectancy variance in factor analysis and predicting as much as 16% of the variance in relevant food intake measures by linear regression. Expected positive and negative outcomes of eating were predominantly immediate psychological after-effects, rather than including orosensory experiences, or longer-term effects on health or well-being. Other expectancies varied from food to food. FEQ expectancies for different foods have similar factor structure and were related to self-reported diet, the FEQ therefore shows promise as a means of modelling cognitions about eating. PMID:15949872
Reid, Marie; Bunting, Jane; Hammersley, Richard
Assessing the Efficacy of a Student Expectations Questionnaire
This article uses Rasch analysis to explore the efficacy of a questionnaire designed to assist university teaching staff in identifying those Level 4 students most in need of mathematics support. The students were all taking a mathematics module as part of their first year Computing curriculum, and the questionnaire explores the students' previousģ
Warwick, Jon
Self-Rated Competences Questionnaires from a Design Perspective
This paper provides a theoretical review of self-rated competences questionnaires. This topic is influenced by the ongoing world-wide reform of higher education, which has led to a focus on the learner outcomes of higher education. Consequently, questionnaires on self-rated competences have increasingly been employed. However, self-ratings areģ
Braun, Edith; Woodley, Alan; Richardson, John T. E.; Leidner, Bernhard
Collecting Student Feedback: A Comparison of Questionnaire and Other Methods
A study was conducted comparing the feedback received from students about teaching obtained using different instruments. Twelve first- and second-year undergraduate modules were selected from seven different schools within a single university. Students studying each module were allocated to "questionnaire" and "comparator" groups. "Questionnaire"ģ
Huxham, Mark; Laybourn, Phyllis; Cairncross, Sandra; Gray, Morag; Brown, Norrie; Goldfinch, Judy; Earl, Shirley
The Teacher Evaluation Questionnaire and the Quantification of Results.
This paper discusses the importance of criteria in the evaluation of a teacher by his students and proposes a method of representing the results of the questionnaire in the form of one weighted average. The following points, emphasized in the construction of the questionnaire, are elaborated: a) the characteristics of a good teacher; b) theģ
Melnyk, M.
Learning Probe: Benchmarking for Excellence. Questionnaire. Second Edition.
This document is a questionnaire designed for work-based learning providers. It is a diagnostic benchmarking tool developed to give organizations a snapshot of their current state. Following a brief introduction, there are instructions for filling in the questionnaire, which includes both open-ended response and scoring according to aģ
Owen, Jane; Yarrow, David; Appleby, Alex
Development and Initial Validation of the Environmental Restriction Questionnaire (ERQ)
The purpose of this manuscript was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Environmental Restriction Questionnaire (ERQ) a parent-reported questionnaire for measuring perceived environmental restrictions for young children participation. Reliability and homogeneity were tested by Cronbach's alpha and inter-item correlations.ģ
Rosenberg, Limor; Ratzon, Nava Z.; Jarus, Tal; Bart, Orit
Measuring Experiential Avoidance in Adults: The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire
To date, general levels of experiential avoidance are primarily measured by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), but it includes items of questionable comprehensibility. The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y), previously validated as a measure of experiential avoidance with children and adolescents, wasģ
Schmalz, Jonathan E.; Murrell, Amy R.
Indoor Air Quality Investigation: Experience with a Questionnaire Survey Instrument
Industrial hygienists are increasingly being called upon to evaluate indoor air quality concerns. NIOSH has developed an initial assessment protocol that includes a worker survey questionnaire, a building characterization, and a walk-through survey. This initial assessment may be followed by environmental monitoring. The results of administering the NIOSH worker survey questionnaire at a midwestern community-college building are reported. The instrument
John Lund; Carol Rice
Investigation of Multiple Imputation in Low-Quality Questionnaire Data
The performance of multiple imputation in questionnaire data has been studied in various simulation studies. However, in practice, questionnaire data are usually more complex than simulated data. For example, items may be counterindicative or may have unacceptably low factor loadings on every subscale, or completely missing subscales mayģ
Van Ginkel, Joost R.
Item Response Analyses of the Educational Opportunities Survey Student Questionnaires.
This report analyzes the reponses of students to questionnaires administered as part of the Educational Opportunities Survey (EOS). The purposes of these analyses were (1) to present the number and percent of students responding to each questionnaire item alternative, (2) to determine the number of students who failed to answer each question, (3)ģ
Mayeske, George W.; And Others
A study-attitudes questionnaire for predicting academic success
Describes the development of a self-rating questionnaire to measure students' study habits and attitudes. Cross-validation on freshmen showed correlations of .50 and .52 with grades at the end of the semester. A final revision of the questionnaire \\
William F. Brown; Wayne H. Holtzman
Validation of the Godin-Shephard Questionnaire in Prepubertal Girls.
Validated the Godin-Shephard questionnaire for assessing habitual activity in pre-pubertal children, evaluating the physical activity of female competitive gymnasts and recreational non-gymnasts age 7-11 years over 15 months. Based upon comparison with multiple single day measures of activity, the Godin-Shephard questionnaire did not provide aģ
Scerpella, Tamara A.; Tuladhar, Preeti; Kanaley Jill A.
Earthquake and tsunami questionnaires in Banda Aceh and surrounding areas
Purpose ¢ The paper aims to study the effects of the tsunami that affected Banda Aceh in 2004. Design\\/methodology\\/approach ¢ During a survey by Japanese researchers in Banda Aceh and surrounding areas in Indonesia after the great Sumatra earthquake, questionnaires were distributed to the people affected by the earthquake and tsunami. The purpose of the questionnaires was to collect information
Hirokazu Iemura; Yoshikazu Takahashi; Mulyo Harris Pradono; Pariatmono Sukamdo; Rudi Kurniawan
Dietary Screener Questionnaire in the NHANES 2009-10
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) assesses the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the U.S. It collects detailed information about food, nutrient, and supplement intake and other dietary behaviors. Before the 2009-10 administration, the NHANES collected this information exclusively through 24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires, and survey questionnaires.
The Follow-up Questionnaire data set provides information concerning the activities within the household during the sampling week. The information is from 774 Follow-up Questionnaires for 320 households. Medication and supplemental dietary information is provided. The Follow-u...
Construct Validity of the Children's Music-Related Behavior Questionnaire
The purpose of this research was to investigate the construct validity of the Children's Music-Related Behavior Questionnaire (CMRBQ), an instrument designed for parents to document music-related behaviors about their children and themselves. The research problem was to examine the hypothesized factorial structure of the questionnaire. From aģ
Valerio, Wendy H.; Reynolds, Alison M.; Morgan, Grant B.; McNair, Anne A.
EDUFORM--A Tool for Creating Adaptive Questionnaires
Questionnaire data have many important uses, but is laborious for the subjects to provide. EDUFORM tries to alleviate this problem by enabling the creation of adaptive online questionnaires. The idea is to build a probabilistic model from previously gathered data, and employ it for predicting the profiles of new users on the basis of a subset ofģ
Miettinen, Miikka; Nokelainen, Petri; Kurhila, Jaakko; Silander, Tomi; Tirri, Henry
Hand Test and the High School Personality Questionnaire: structural analysis.
The Hand Test and the High School Personality Questionnaire were administered to 15 boys and 15 girls in Grades 9 and 10 transferred to an alternative school for acting-out behavior. They were of average intelligence. Several significant correlations between Hand Test and High School Personality Questionnaire variables were noted. Results are discussed in reference to Structural Analysis. PMID:6371701
McGiboney, G W; Carter, C; Jones, W
Predicting multicultural effectiveness of international students: the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire
The present study considered the reliability and validity of the 78-item revised version of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire, a multidimensional instrument aimed at measuring multicultural effectiveness of expatriate employees and students. The questionnaire includes scales for cultural empathy, open-mindedness, emotional stability, social initiative and flexibility. Participants were native and foreign students of an international business school (N=171) in the Netherlands.
Jan Pieter Van Oudenhoven; Karen I Van der Zee