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Instructor: Jana Diesner
Duration: 6 hours
1. What is covered in the workshop? What will you learn?
The functioning and dynamics of real-world networks involve the continuous production, processing and flow of knowledge and information. Sources for this knowledge and information often occur in the form of unstructured, natural language text data. In this workshop, participants learn how to a) construct network data from text data and pertaining meta-data, and b) how to jointly consider text data and network data for analysis; allowing for considering two types of behavioral information, namely social interactions and language use.
Workshop participants will be introduced to fundamental theories, concepts and methods for these purposes. Using text analysis for network analysis has been useful in answering questions such as: Who is talking to whom, and about what? What perceptions or mental models do social agents have of certain themes? How do opinions evolve and diffuse in society and online? Throughout this workshop, we discuss practical applications for the introduced techniques from various domains.
The focus of this workshop is on teaching practical, hands-on skills for using text analysis methods in an informed, systematic and efficient fashion. We use the ConText software, which is available for free (context.lis.illinois.edu). Our goal is to equip the participants with the skills and tools needed to use the covered techniques for their own research purposes and text data sets. Attendants will perform automated text mining and natural language processing techniques including:
1. Collecting various types of text data, including social media data, news wire data, legal documents and corporate information.
2. Creating curated corpora of collected data, deduplicating documents, and managing text data and pertaining meta data in automatically populated databases that can be used for search and retrieval functions and data mining techniques.
3. Summarization techniques such as topic modeling and term weighting techniques.
4. Sentiment Analysis, also known as opinion mining.
5. Visualization of text mining results.
6. Pre-processing techniques such as stemming and parts of speech tagging.
7. Entity detection, i.e. detecting and categorizing terms and term sequences that represent instances of relevant node classes in one-mode and multi-mode network analysis, e.g. agents, organizations, locations and knowledge.
8. Relation Extraction, i.e. linking identified entities into edges based on various criteria, including proximity, syntax and semantics. The extracted networks can be imported into standard SNA tools, incl. Gephi, ORA, Pajek, UCINET and visone.
9. Extracting semantic networks and fusing them with social networks.
10. Analyzing the extracted networks, i.e. conducting (social) network analysis, including network visualization, computing metrics on the node, group and graph level, and clustering techniques.
Going from texts to networks involves some principles and strategies originating from computer science that are not only applicable to the task at hand, but to a wide range of problems. These principles and strategies are referred to as "Computational Thinking" - a basic skill like reading, writing and arithmetic that is crucial for solving problems and understanding human behavior across fields (Wing 2006). In this workshop, participants are introduced to Computational Thinking and practice applying this way of thinking.
2. Who should attend?
This is an interdisciplinary and interactive workshop designed to benefit from the participation of attendants from different backgrounds. The material, exercises and mode of delivery are suitable for researchers and practitioners alike. No specific prior knowledge or computational skills are required. The delivery is driven towards forming an understanding of fundamental concepts and gaining hands-on experience with text analysis and network analysis methods and tools.
3. What to bring to the workshop?
Software: We will use ConText (http://context.lis.illinois.edu/) and Gephi (https://gephi.org) for this workshop. Prior to the workshop, I will send an email to confirmed participants with links and installation instructions for these tools. You are invited to bring a laptop to the workshop. If attendants cannot bring a laptop they will still fully benefit from the workshop as I screen-project all live walk-through exercises. At the workshop, I will provide a tutorial document and further learning resources.
Data: Attendants can work with the sample data that we provide and/ or bring their own data.
4. Readings
Prior to the workshop, I recommend reading the following overviews on the concepts and methods covered in the workshop:
Diesner, J., Carley, K. M. (2011): Semantic Networks. In G. Barnett (Ed), Encyclopedia of Social Networking, (pp. 595-598). Sage Publications.
Diesner, J., Carley, K. M. (2011): Words and Networks. In G. Barnett (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Social Networking, (pp. 958-961). Sage Publications.
All further readings are optional:
Introduction of information extraction/ text mining: McCallum, A. (2005). Information extraction: distilling structured data from unstructured text. ACM Queue, 3(9), 48-57.
Introduction of information extraction/ text mining: Hanneman, RA & Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Riverside, CA: University of California.
Introduction to Computational Thinking: Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational Thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33-35, http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1118215


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Time for a Recap
In case you missed the Congress, we summarized the highlights of the International Conference in our daily bulletins for your reading pleasure.
Download the latest proceedings and reports (updated December 2013).
The fourth EAS Congress to be held in Changwon City, RO Korea in July 2012 will take place as the world celebrates the 20th anniversary of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), the 10th anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), and the world's first international exposition centering on the oceans—the Yeosu Expo 2012.
While the international community tackles the global sustainable development concerns, the East Asian Seas region, through the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA), offers concrete strategies and implementation measures that will help in achieving the region's vision for the oceans and coasts.
The EAS Congress 2012 and the Fourth Ministerial Forum aim to advance the region's commitment towards sustainable development by focusing on the theme, "Building a Blue Economy: Strategy, Opportunities and Partnerships in the Seas of East Asia," and by adopting a rolling 5-Year Implementation Plan for the SDS-SEA which will also serve as the region's roadmap towards a Blue Economy.
The EAS Congress 2012 offers a number of workshops and side events that look into the different major facets of sustainable coastal and ocean development and governance. It also opens up partnership opportunities for various stakeholders both local and international, from private entities to public sectors, and from youth participants to experts.
As this event only happens every three years, I therefore urge all of you to take advantage of the vast opportunities offered by the Congress.
We hope that this EAS Congress 2012 website will be useful in your preparation for the EAS Congress 2012.
Together with the Republic of Korea through the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM), the Changwon City Government, as well as the Global Environment Facility, the United Nations Development Programme, and the United Nations Office for Project Services, we look forward to welcoming you at the EAS Congress 2012.
Raphael P.M. Lotilla
Executive Director. PEMSEA Resource Facility /
Head, EAS Congress Secretariat
Every three years since 2003, various stakeholders from within and outside the East Asian Seas region converge at the East Asian Seas (EAS) Congress to discuss the various challenges, developments, and new opportunities as well as contribute in mapping the future direction of coastal and ocean governance of the region.
Looking back, I am very proud to say that this region has definitely gone a long way and that the EAS Congress has served as a key witness to that growth. The adoption of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA) through the Putrajaya Declaration in 2003, the establishment of the major Operating Mechanisms for the implementation of the SDS-SEA through the Haikou Declaration in 2006, and the strengthening and scaling up of the implementation of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) programmes and the SDS-SEA as measures for climate change adaptation through the Manila Declaration in 2009, are clear indications of growing commitment from the region to ensure the sustainable development of the Seas of East Asia.
The year 2012 is crucial as a number of international events are set that year, the most prominent of which is the UN Conference on Sustainable Development or Rio+2012. As the world prepares for Rio, we see a growing movement to include the ocean agenda in the Rio discussions. In line with the principles of a Green Economy, the world is also seeing the growth of ocean-based green economy as well as the increasing support for integrated planning and management for balance and efficient utilization of land and sea resources. This emerging phenomenon and concept is being termed as "Blue Economy".
As the EAS region relies heavily on its coastal and marine resources and environment, it is crucial for the countries of the region to ensure the effective use of its coastal and marine ecosystems in order to increase economic development and at the same time ensure environmental sustainability and social equity. Thus, the EAS Congress 2012's focus on the theme "Building a Blue Economy: Strategy, Opportunities and Partnerships in the Seas of East Asia" connotes a paradigm shift that is both timely and very relevant to the East Asian Seas region. I sincerely believe that the East Asian Seas region, through its experience and achievements in the implementation of the SDS-SEA and various ICM programmes, is in a vantage position to work towards building a Blue Economy.
I invite all of you to take part of this historical and dynamic event. I look forward to seeing you at the EAS Congress 2012.
Chua Thia-Eng
EAS Partnership Council
It is my pleasure to bid you welcome to the East Asian Seas (EAS) Congress 2012 to be hosted by the Republic of Korea through the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM), and the City Government of Changwon.
The Republic of Korea is very proud to host this important event from July 9 to 13, 2012. The EAS Congress 2012 comes at a very unique time as RO Korea will also be hosting the International Exposition Yeosu 2012 under the theme "The Living Ocean and Coast". We believe that the coastal and ocean environment and resources are critical to the overall development not only of our country but of the entire East Asian Seas region. By linking therefore the Yeosu Expo with the EAS Congress 2012, which will focus on "Building a Blue Economy in the EAS region", we hope to further elevate the growing consciousness on coasts and oceans as critical elements in the overall discussion of sustainable development.
The venue for the EAS Congress 2012 could not have been more appropriate. Changwon City is the first planned city in RO Korea and is slowly building itself into a world class city that promotes sustainable economic, social and environmental growth.
The EAS Congress 2012 and the Fourth Ministerial Forum brings an opportunity for the various stakeholders from the EAS region, as well as from those outside the region to share achievements and lessons learned, and at the same time identify remaining gaps, emerging trends and challenges and future actions that will contribute in the sustainble development of the region's ocean economy.
We will do everything we can to make the EAS Congress 2012 and the Fourth Ministerial Forum a memorable and productive experience for all the participants.
I look forward to welcoming you personally in Changwon City in 2012.
Kwon Do-Youp
Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
RO Korea
Welcome to the East Asian Seas Congress 2012!
In July 2012, the City of Changwon will host the 2012 EAS Congress, the largest maritime environment policy congress in East Asia. Hundreds of participants will convene in Changwon City to discuss and confirm strategies for sustainable development of marine and coastal resources and conservation of the ocean ecosystem.
Located in the southeastern area of the Korean Peninsula, Changwon is the center of administration, industry, education, tourism and ocean development, and with a glorious history that dates back to 2,000 years.
On 1 July 2010, Changwon, with an area of 743.81km2, became a metropolitan city with a population of 1.1 million by integrating neighboring two cities, Masan & Jinhae.
Bigger than Seoul, Changwon has worked hard to become a leading port city in northeast Asia based on a well-organized port infrastructure and a beautiful coastline running 300 kilometers.
In 2008, Changwon successfully hosted the "Ramsar COP 10," so-called an environmental Olympics, which has won a silver for Changwon in the "LivCom Awards" authorized by UNEP in Chicago, USA last year. In addition, we will also host the "UNCCD COP 10" and "EcoMobility and World Bike Festival" this October 2011.
Needless to say, Changwon will make its utmost efforts to make the EAS Congress 2012 a success, at the same time featuring a wonderful maritime festival of East Asian countries.
I hope you find the information on the Changwon and the EAS Congress in this website useful, and hope you enjoy your cyber-travel to Changwon.
Thank you very much and best wishes!
PARK Wan-su
Changwon City, RO Korea

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Wervershoof Bungalow Rental Photos and Description
very cozy, comfortable furnishings with a large LCD TV
The house has a living / dining area, an open kitchen, a bedroom for 2 persons, a second guest / children's house with bunk beds, Fersehen a comfortable shower.
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If our house be occupied in the period of your choice, please look at our other
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Aqua Sport Marine is your one stop shop for all your boards, bindings, ropes, tubes, jackets, and any boating supplies that you need. If your looking for Hyperlite products, Jet Pilot Apparel, Liquid Force Boards, Fox Apparel, Slingshot Sports, Electric Sunglasses, Accurate Lines and Ropes, Byerly Boards and Bindings and any size water sports Tubes. Stop by the Pro Shop and check out our 2500 Sq. Ft. showroom Loaded with whatever your needs are!
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Aqua Sport Marine is a dealer for Roswell sound systems. Come by and see our new display!


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|29 Jun 2011
Windows 7 Home Premium 64 bit SP1
Media Player Classic
Hi forum,
A little help needed here.
I had this little gem of a player on my Vista system but I cannot seem to be
able to download it to Windows 7. It came with cccp codecs or something like that but no matter how hard I try to download the player from various sites I am unsuccessful. It is a very useful player because it plays files one after another. Any views ?
|My System Specs
|29 Jun 2011
Windows 7 Ultimate 32bit
You may have a look at this Wikipedia article.Media Player Classic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A short, cut and paste from another website:
What is the difference Media Player Classic and Media Player Classic Home Cinema?
Media Player Classic was developed by Gabest while the Media Player Classic Home Cinema is a mod designed mainly for homecinema usage and is released by Casimir666.
You may download the MPC - Homecinema, which is under active development when compared to MPC from here. Download Media Player Classic Home Cinema, Free Video Player Download
On a limited trials on it I found that it can play home-made Blu-ray disks. It should also be possible to play commercial BDs with programs like DVDFab Passkey or Slysoft AnyDVDHD running in the background - though I have not tried since I do not have any Commercial BDs. No additional codec-pack installation is required.
(In fact considering that it may benefit interested users, I posted a thread on my trials with Coles2k Advanced codec pack and MPC-Home Cinema with screenshots, but within 10 minutes or so it mysteriously disappeared. I know not the reasons.)
|My System Specs
|30 Jun 2011
Win7 H.Prem. 32bit+SP1
Hi BluePeter, I used to install K Lite codec pack which included MPC Home Cinema. Then I found on this forum, Windows 7 included a good set of codecs, so I'm running without K Lite but still use MPC HC which I found here.
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text: > For Society members, most of the world, and all of the centuries prior to > the 17th, can serve as a source for personal research. > As for me, I'd like to see some Pechneg, Thracians, Macedonians, > Illyrians, Bythinians, Carians, Phrygians, Armenians, Lydians, Galatians, > Paphlagonians, Lycians, Syrians, Cilicians, Misians, or Cappadocians > personas. > > Mistress Xene Theriane > 11th century Romaioi from Thessaloniki Thank you Mistress Xene, for pointing out that the governing documents of the SCA do not contain an early period cut-off (or geographic cut off for that matter), despite what may be commonly believed. While the governing documents of the SCA do indicate that the preferred focus of the SCA is the European Middle Ages and Renaissance, they also clearly state that the SCA is not restricted specifically to that locale or to those time periods. In addition to the passages that you've indicated, the governing documents also state that no branch may restrict itself to a specific time and place because that would interfere with the rights of it's members to develop interests in other times and places. As a person with "early" interests, I am tired of being told that I and others who share similar interests (including those who focus on non-European cultures) do not fit into the SCA. Of course we do. Mistress Corrinne Elizabeth Drake archaeological textile maven (and the earlier those textiles are, the better...)


text:
Contact: David Orenstein
Brown University
Caption: Underrepresented minorities enter college composing about a quarter of all students, but their representation in STEM college degrees and STEM Ph.D.s awarded falls off. The authors of a new paper suggest four ways to address that.
Credit: Brown University (NSF data)
Usage Restrictions: with credit
Related news release: Stem pipeline problems to aid STEM diversity


text:
Seeing is believing.The Fall 2014 / Winter 2015 issue of Izaak has arrived.
Are you in the Club?
Monthly giving makes you an IWK Superstar!
Creating Hope For The Future.
Guidelines for Planned Giving.
The IWK Foundation is a champion of excellence in women's and children's health and medicine. Our donors are passionately committed to making a difference for Maritime families, contributing over $14 million to the most urgent priorities at the IWK last year. Funds raised also support the IWK's global leadership in research and knowledge sharing, which in turn improves lives worldwide. Excellence is in your hands, donate today.
Well known on the island for their impressive bottle house village located in their backyard, Gar and Bonnie are also known as great friends of the IWK. Read about their support here.
Eight-year-old Josh has several conditions including autism, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki Disease, and malformation of teeth. Throughout all this, Josh keeps smiling. Read his story here.
5855 Spring Garden Rd, Suite B220 Halifax, NS B3H 4S2 Phone: 800.595.2266 | Fax: 902.470.8000 firstname.lastname@example.com
Charitable Number: 867558090RR - 0001Copyright 2014 IWK Foundation
Blackbaud NetCommunity Grow v1.09


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November 28, 2014
ARMDORE, OK -- An international company has recognized one of Ardmore's largest businesses.
The Ardmore Valero Refinery has won the the 2013 Chairman's Environmental Award and celebrated the honor Friday with a catered lunch for all their employees.
The corporation gives the award every year to the plant with the best safety, reliability and environmental performance.
The plant manager says they won the award because they've reduced environmental incidents by more than 50 percent over the last year.
After 101 years in Ardmore, refinery leaders say they're still working to help the environment.
Plant Manager Don Wilson said, "So there's a lot of issues to resolve over that 100 year period and we're working tor reduce our impact on the environment very aggressively here in the refinery."
Senator Frank Simpson and Representative Pat Ownbey also came to Ardmore to celebrate the award.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Turnover is difficult to deal with in any department or company. When someone departs, they usually do not leave a step-by-step list of duties behind for their replacement.
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text:
Some Kind of Wonderful Movie Review
Not as depressing as Pretty in Pink, not as random as The Breakfast Club, the film is a typical Hughesian love triangle among the short-haired semi-butch drummer girl (Mary Stuart Masterson), the sensitive (yet poor) painter (Eric Stoltz), and the class beauty who doesn't have money but runs in rich circles (Lea Thompson). Masterson clearly pines for her best friend Stoltz, but he either can't see it or won't see it. Besides, Thompson has perfectly '80s red hair. Naturally, the beefy, Miami Vice-dressing boyfriend (Craig Sheffer) wants nothing more than to pummel the guy who's pining for his lady.
It's a fair enough assessment of high school, and the characters are understated the point where they are actually a little bit boring. There's a little too much angst going around, a little too much honor and personal dedication among teens that would otherwise be gossipping and staring at TV all day. Otherwise, Some Kind of Wonderful is a solid entry into an elusive genre weakened by several dozen monstrously bad entries over the last decade.
As a footnote, director Howard Deutch would reunite with starlet Thompson in TV's Caroline and the City years down the road. Unfortunately, neither of them appears to have learned anything along the path.
Cast & Crew
Director : Howard Deutch
Producer : John Hughes
Screenwriter : John Hughes
Starring : Eric Stoltz, Mary Stuart Masterson, Lea Thompson, Craig Sheffer, John Ashton, Elias Koteas, Molly Hagan


text:
The packaging was good as you could see the product and it looked as if the the primer colors would be good to use with my complextion and make-up.
This product was very runny and oily and did not adhear to my face at all. It dissapeared as soon as I tried to apply it.
My skin is very uneven so wanting a primer to even out my skin tone and keep my makeup lasting all day was what I was looking for. This primer did not do that at all, it was to thin and liquidy and very streaky. To top it all off this made my cystic acne even worse! Will NEVER buy this again! If you suffer from cystic acne or acne of any kind I would personally not recommend this product.
Hmm, this is the second day I've worn this and both days I noticed a bad smell when I put it on. It lingered throughout the morning and was bad enough to be unacceptable. No primer should smell as this one did, so I'm not sure if I had a bad batch or old stuff or what. Performance wise, I do feel that this lasted well throughout the day. I paired it with Almay Smart Shade foundation Almay TLC and found it performed well with both. I'm just not sure what is up w/the smell issue....
This was a bit of disappointment in my opinion, it does not correct like it claims. It feels quite oily when first applied, and has a strange odour. I will definitely not be buying this again.
If your looking for a primer that keeps your makeup looking perfect all day... this is not it. It does not correct skin tones like it claims. My makeup was streaky and did not last throughout the day. This primer did not fill in my pores or anything. The only thing this could possibly do for anyone is if you wanted to make your makeup a little more sheer this would work but otherwise it's a complete waste of money. The texture was thin and very liquidly most likely because the first ingredient was water. I would not recommend this to anyone. The only thing I happened to like about this product was the packaging because it pushes all the product up every time you use it, which is good because you won't waste any of it but overall I was unsatisfied.
NOT WORTH IT! I have really red skin and this was my first attempt at a fixing primer and it did absolutely nothing. Keeps my makeup on fine and makes a barrier for it and my skin, sure, but it doesn't hide redness even slightly. It also made me break out like everyone else is saying, not horribly but I've never had pimples in my lifetime and now I have a few spots :| It smells absolutely DISGUSTING. It smells like medicine or rubber, it's hardly bearable. the packaging is pretty but this is about all it has going for it. Do your research before buying primer! Learned my lesson but I'll finish it anyway :/
More reviews by HarleyVerweyst
I felt like this was basically a moisturizer. The packaging is great and I love the pump top. But I didn't notice a difference while using it. My skin didn't look any different after applying and my makeup needed to be touched up after a few hours. There was absolutely no difference from if I just didn't use a primer at all. I wouldn't recommend it because it's not on the cheaper side of drugstore primers.
-terrible smell
-terrible texture
-does not dry
-makes skin look oily and wet
-makeup does not say
-good packaging
broke me out. worse breakout EVER!
the smell is horrible, it smells like boogers and plastic.
i will not buy this product again
This product is a joke. What a gimmick and I fell for it. Luckily I could return it. The packaging looks cools and I like the pump and that was it. It made my face have a green cast even blended in well!!! The way it goes on your skin it was like slime. It never dried and stayed tacky and did nothing to prime my skin. Fail for Almay.
I have no problem with this product NOW, now you might ask what I mean by "now" ? I will explain, the first time I used this product i broke me out bad with my foundation and with that I put it away, well I called Almay to tell them what happen and they said it shouldn't break me out and they told me to put some on my inner upper arm to see if there was any problems and I saw none. So I thought it was safe to put on my face and it was!!! I work, no breakouts no allergic reaction. So I thought to myself was it my foundation or the primer and then it hit me "IT'S MY FOUNDATION" sure enough it was but thankful I had replace that foundation with l"oreal bb cream. The only flaw is it doesn't hide the redness unless you leave green (don't rub it in tho) on the red area but other than that nothing else, it makes my makeup more vibrant and last longer


text:
Home of all things Battrick Related, Sports and Everything Else
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Free forum : A place to share your passion for the WR250R!
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Lady Gaga Fans at US Airways Center
By Melissa Fossum
The Evolution of the Metal Stage Show and the End of...
By Lauren Wise
By New Times
The Story of Kalliope, Phoenix's Extraordinary Party Car
By Amanda Savage
By Jason P. Woodbury
How a Single Tweet Launched A Cloud for Climbing
By Troy Farah
By New Times
Aloe Blacc, a onetime member of the L.A. hip-hop group Emanon, glides through his solo debut, Shine Through, with panache. Save for a few moments, he doesn't rap. Instead, he sings a workingman's blues on "Busking," renders a lively Afrobeat version of John Legend's "Ordinary People," and then easily switches to smooth player on "Bailar." He produces most of the tracks, too. Many of them, particularly "Bailar" and the previously released single "Arrive," are partly indebted to the late Jay Dee's affinity for sharp, clicking beats and snappy high-hat percussion. It would be easy to compare Aloe Blacc's Shine Through to other artists, particularly Mos Def and his classic Black on Both Sides. But Blacc's restless creativity and absorption of genres is subtle and natural in relation to that rapper turned actor's memorably bravura turn. Even when he stumbles on "Long Time Coming," a failed attempt at covering Sam Cooke's "A Change Is Gonna Come," he doesn't call attention to himself, but to the relative qualities of the performance. It makes his triumphs and there are several on this 16-track disc appear effortless.


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What Is The Most Conclusive Window Period
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
When are test results conclusive and window periodRichardI read your Bio also went to TPAN website and it seems you are very active and productive with in the HIV community. Good work!I tested at 89 days with a rapid oral fluid test and the results were negitive. I also tested at 123 days rapid...
Response from Richard Cordova III
Test Positive Aware NetworkHi there:Three months is conclusive. If you had a known exposure to HIV, then we would say, three months - and you could do a six month test, just to be safe. Known exposure means that you know for a fact, that you were exposed to the virus. As for... Read more »
When is the Test conclusive? And how long is the window period ?Dear Dr. Wohl,It is confusing about the length of window period? I have read that the test may... Read more »
Conclusive Evidence Regarding PEP and the Window Period for HIV Testing?I have read conflicting opinions regarding whether PEP extends the "window period" for... Read more »
Are Platelets a Window Into the Brain?Platelets, the second most common type of blood cell, are tiny disc-shaped cells. The main role that platelets play in the body is that of damage control. When platelets sense injured blood vessels, they become activated and release chemical signals... Read more »
Symptomatic Primary HIV Infection in a 49-Year-Old Man Who Has Sex With Men: Beware the Window PhaseThe researchers describe the case of a 49-year-old male who presented at an Amsterdam STD outpatient clinic in the fall of 2009. The patient had "fever, malaise, generalized rash, anal itching and rectal discharge after unprotected receptive anal... Read more »
Aftershock"I find myself going over to the window and looking at the skyline, again and again. I just keep thinking of those people in that building." -- Audrey "It just keeps replaying the scene in my mind. Like a big magic trick, I see those planes going... Read more »
The AIDS Theatre ProjectThe room is dim and depressingly institutional. The last vestiges of sunlight fight their way through grimy windows to compete with fluorescent lights that cast harsh shadows on all the occupants of the room except one. Kevin Frazier seems to glow... Read more »
Connect With Others
Posted by Anonymous, 3 RepliesHi to everybody, I am the one who posted NY 1 month windosw . Check the following link for Massachussetts Health Department window period. They are saying only 6 weeks. 6 weeks is conclusive. All your valuable comments are welcome. thank... Read more »
Additional support for 3 month conclusive window
Posted by Anonymous, 2 RepliesDear all,
Sorry if I seem obsessed with convincing everyone that 3 months is good, but as I am waiting for my 16 week ELISA/WB and PRC, I am experiencing some anxiety. Finding documentation that indicates my 10 week test is a pretty good indication... Read more »
High risk and low risk and their conclusive result periods
Posted by optiplex, 2 RepliesWindow period should be same for all cases whether its high risk or low risk. There are cases where people got infected through low risk and came out clean even after high risk exposure.
virus cycle is going to be remain same in someone got infected... Read more »
Window period
Posted by Ram83, 1 ReplyWhat is the window period of normal antibody test? I had a risky encounter on 12th January 2014. I did HIV antibody test on 24th May 2014. That is 14 weeks after incident. Report was negative. Is it conclusive? Read more »
Guides for People With HIV


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Date: 1910 ca.
Description: View looking east from Five Points, with a bank and dentist's office in the foreground.
Date: 1920 ca.
Description: View of the Weaver barn in which the first Episcopal church services were held between about 1842 - 1845.
Date: 1905 ca.
Description: Exterior view of a high school.
Description: View of a proposed war memorial.
Description: View of the south door in St. John Chrysostom Episcopal Church. It was too narrow to carry in a casket, so another door was cut in the west end for that p...
Date: date unknown
Description: View of the Waukesha County newspaper's first home.
Date: 1900 ca.
Description: View of Grand Avenue.
Date: 1939 ca.
Description: Holy Innocents Protestant Episcopal Church "at the northeast corner of the intersection of Highway 16 with a road which goes north and south from Delafield...
Date: 1965
Description: This basic street map shows roads, schools, parks and cemeteries and includes a street index in the lower margin. The map also shows a portion of Elm Grove...
Description: View of the golf club house at the Moor Bath Links.
Date: 2008
Description: Located at 252-256 West Capitol Drive, this Tudor Revival-style structure was built as a residence in the early 1920s and was altered a few years later by...
Date: 1913
Description: Rial Herreman stands beside a horse-drawn wagon/float, decorated with fresh flowers, advertising the Menomonee Drug Company. This may have been part of a l...
Date: 2001-04-20
Description: "Chris Schmidt, Milwaukee based photographer, is our guest when we visit the Schwabenhof Lounge & Hall at N56 W14750 Silver Spring Road, Menomonee Falls."
Description: Ole Heg store, once also the home of Elias Stangeland (sp?). The original building was of log construction which was later boarded over. Woman standing in...
Description: View of St. John's Military Academy.
Date: 1940 ca.
Description: One of the buildings of the Cistercian Monastery.
Date: 1912 ca.
Description: Front exterior view of the H.W. Youmans Waukesha Freeman newspaper office.
Date: 1877
Description: Stereograph view of Glenn's mineral spring.
Date: 1962
Description: This map shows the voting districts of Waukesha in red ink for the year 1962. The bottom of the map includes an index of streets.
Description: Masonic Temple, with American flag flying in yard.
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Google has just launched a new email system, but you can only get on in by requesting an invitation or being sent one from a friend. No, it's not 2004, it's Google's new Inbox system, an alternative to Gmail and a new way to look at electronic messaging in general. We've highlighted the new system before its official release, but now you can get it for yourself... if you're lucky enough to get through the invitation system.
Update: It's live.
Last night, we revealed a project codenamed Bigtop that Google has been working on for a few years. And now, I feel confident enough to announce that it's launching later today as 'Inbox by Google' (not to be confused with Inbox).
According to multiple sources, the service, which has been in development since 2012, is going to be invite-only at launch, just like Gmail was, and will at first target Gmail users.
Microsoft released a remote desktop app for Android just over a year ago, but now there's a new separate beta version of the app listed in the Play Store, and it makes some big changes. Of course, this still uses the RDP protocol, so you'll need a Pre version of Windows to use it. It's pretty robust if you've got the support built-in.
T-Mobile is pushing out an over-the-air update that will bump its Galaxy Tab 4 up to Android 4.4.4. This means that people who own this 8.0-inch LTE-enabled tablet will get to run the latest version of their mobile operating system for at least a week before 5.0 starts running out to various devices. Since this is a bugfix release, that's the biggest reason most users will have to look forward to this OTA.
Limbic has released Zombie Gunship Reality onto Google Play, a game that pretty much no one is able to play at the moment. It's available exclusively for Project Tango, an augmented reality project that has yet to ship on a device intended for general consumers. Unless there's an announcement in the works, one isn't intended for quite some time.
Zombie Gunship Reality takes the popular Zombie Gunship franchise and gives it the Tango treatment, requiring players to move around a physical space in order to find and fire upon the hordes of undead threatening the area below.
Update: While the message sent out to developers may be new, as it turns out, the information is not. It repeats what Google said back when it announced the availability of the Android 5.0 SDK. Here's the relevant passage.
Halloween is right around the corner, and you know what that means (aside from candy-starved children running around in ghoulish clothes): it's time for a new Android figurine from Andrew Bell. For this year's collectable, Mr. Bell turned our beloved Bugdroid into a creepy little cat named Lucky Lucy, whose duality is very apparent from the start thanks to her reversible head.
This contest is now over.
The final results are listed below.
Google is pretty well known for building a fast and (usually) reliable infrastructure that can stand up to just about anything short a certain Nexus launch. This is why it came as no surprise when the tech giant announced its own cloud hosting service during I/O 2012, giving developers a path to tap into some of that power. Since the launch, Google has attempted to make its Cloud Platform product as appealing as possible, but the response has been fairly tepid.
If you've been around AP over the past couple of years, you probably know that we're big fans of 2040 Studio and the sweet little accessories that it puts out. Things like Capta, Vavo, MODO, Arq Dock, and PuGoo all came from the creative minds over at 2040.
Since these guys never seem to rest, they have a couple of new Kickstarter projects looking to receive funding: Arq Dock 2 and PuGoo Mini.


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Accuenergy focuses on multifunction power metering, submetering, power quality and energy management solutions by providing high quality revenue grade energy meters, digital panel meters, multi-circuits meters, multifunction DC meters, current transformers, data gateway/data acquisition server and energy management system.
Check our news page regularly to find out what`s going on at Custom Electrical Systems!
Custom Electrical Products
176 N Brandon Dr
Glendale Heights, IL 60139
Phone: 1-630-595-9191
Or use our contact form.


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On Sale Propellers
Our sale section features great deals on brand new props, as well as incredible deals on lightly used props. All of our used propellers are inspected by hand to ensure there is no damage and the prop is not in need of any repair.
In most cases our used props have only been in the water a handful of times, either for testing, or as a demo for a local customer. That means they'll perform exactly the same as a brand new prop, but cost MUCH less.
ACME 517 4 Blade 13" x 16" Propeller
Was: $509.00
Special Price $280.49
ACME 2249 4 Blade 15" x 14.25" Propeller
Was: $719.00
Special Price $441.99
ACME 645 4 Blade 13.25" x 16" Propeller
Was: $550.00
Special Price $297.49


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This job is no longer available
HCL Permanent London
07 August 2014
14 August 2014
Rebecca Garrie
London (Central), London (Greater)
Job Type
£32307 - £34993 per annum
Further information
This private London hospital is the UK's largest independently owned non-profit hospital. They undertake highly complex procedures in addition to routine surgery and medicine. Consisting of over 250 patients beds and 17 theatres (including a minimally invasive theatre and the new Hybrid vascular theatre), an endoscopy unit, a radiology unit, dialysis and a 24 hour consultant-led Intensive Care Unit. The Urology and Renal department is a busy 16-bedded ward, which provides care for both elective and emergency admissions. They are looking for self-motivated staff nurses to join our dynamic team on the 4th floor caring for a variety of patients undergoing urological procedures and nephrology patients. All applicants must have excellent communication and interpersonal skills, show a commitment to research based practice and some experience in urology or nephrology nursing. Internal rotation is in operation. They work with some of the best consultant in the field of Urology and Nephrology. Their team is eager to hear from nurses with a minimum of 18 months post registration experience in a surgical setting. Previous experience in urological setting is highly desirable. They can offer a friendly and supportive working environment, with staff benefits including pension scheme, private healthcare plan, life assurance and an interest-free season ticket loan. Nursing accommodation may also be available. This private hospital has an excellent Clinical Training and Practice Development department and strongly supports continuing professional development and education. Please do not hesitate to contact me for further information on 0207 861 8950 ext 1553 or email email@example.com
HCL Permanent London


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Special My Morning Jacket ticket presale at ear X-tacy Thursday [Highlands]
If you lined up to be among the first to check out ear X-tacy's new location a few weeks ago—well, that was nothing.
This coming Thursday, August 12, ear X-tacy will have a mere 300 tickets available for presale for the My Morning Jacket show October 29. The band, along with the Louisville Youth Orchestra and Wax Fang, will perform at the new KFC Yum! Arena. A dollar from every ticket sold will go to the Louisville Youth Orchestra Continuing Education Scholarship.
The general admission tickets go on sale at 10 a.m. The cost is $48 each, cash only, with a limit of four tickets per person. Remember—ear X-tacy has moved to 2226 Bardstown Road, just south of the Douglass Loop, in the same building with FedEx Kinko's.
In other MMJ news, guitarist and sax man Carl Broemel's new release, All Birds Say, drops August 30.
Contact the author at firstname.lastname@example.com or www.leecopywriting.com.
Photo: Courtesy My Morning Jacket


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Every August I am reminded by some tweet or news headline that we are approaching the anniversary of the days that the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
It always sets off a cascade of thoughts and memories in my head.
From second to fifth grade I, along with the rest of my elementary school classmates, took Japanese language class with a petite Japanese woman who taught us to count, name animals, and order food. We bowed and said, "Ohayō sensei" when she entered the room. We learned that Japanese students cleaned their classrooms and went to school on Saturdays. To this day, if ever anyone wants to settle a dispute with a game of "paper, rock, scissors" - I still instinctively say, "jan, ken, pon." And in fifth grade, while we studied World War II in Social Studies, we read Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes in Japanese class. Sadako, a young girl with leukemia from the atom bomb starts making 1000 paper cranes while she's in the hospital. She dies before she gets to 1000, and her classmates complete the task for her.
And so while I learned about the Allied Powers and the Holocaust and Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and other Pacific locations - I also learned about Sadako and the far-reaching horrors of wars.
And there was some deep connection in my heart to these white cranes and my classmate in that hospital. His family lived in a house one-bus-stop before my trailer-park stop on the ride home every day. His house was near the road, slightly run down, sagging porch, shrubbery growing close to the steps. One night, sometime before we knew that Orlando was sick, I had a dream about that house, though I'd never been inside. We were just classmates, not friends. But in the dream I pushed opened the door to find a gleaming and spacious mansion. Light bouncing off the white and gold surfaces that covered everything. A crystal chandelier hung from the high ceiling, a double curved staircase leading up from the center of the room. It was magnificent. It remains one of two dreams in my entire life where I awoke both remembering the dream, and knowing that it meant something. Appearances are deceiving. Beauty is often hidden within. Judgments get us nowhere.
Orlando died. The cranes did not save him either. There was an empty spot on the stage when our 5th grade class had our ceremony to end our elementary school years. In the many years that followed I saw his house get swallowed by the trees and kudzu and vines that surrounded it. The family moved away, the house sat abandoned. And eventually the house was demolished and the vegetation grew back, taking over the land once again. But if I slow down enough to look when I drive by, I can still see the pattern in the grass on the side of the road that indicates a driveway used to be there. A driveway that lead to a house where lived a boy who died far too young.
So when I hear "Hiroshima" - I hear all of that. Grief and hope. The far-reaching effects of war, the hopes of children, the way that dream still pops into my mind anytime I find myself judging something before I take the time to explore it.
When people argue about the "justness" of the use of violent warfare that kills civilians, weigh the benefits of annihilation over extended war, I find myself thinking we've all missed the point. These are not the options we should be aiming for. I recognize the complexity and the need to address immediate conflicts, but I think we'd fare far better taking the steps now to reduce the chance that we end up on that road, weighing those options. I get called naive for the belief, but I think building relationships and making connections goes a long ways towards peace, one slow tiny step at a time.
We should be aiming for a world where we encourage each other to push open creaky doors on falling-apart lives and discover the beauty within. Knock gently on the doors of the worn-down and the worn out, the ones who have thorny-bushes crowding at their gate. Assume there is grandness inside and wait to see it. And I well know that all the world's problems can't be solved with jan ken pon, but maybe if we have the hope of thousand paper cranes and the knowledge that goodness and beauty exists in unexpected places because we are all created in the image of God, we would be less likely to resort so quickly to war, to find reasons to justify our violence.
act justly, love mercy, walk humbly
Tuesday, August 5, 2014
Thursday, June 26, 2014
The only one that feels brave
I have a couple short weeks left here in Pennsylvania. And then it is one more cross country move, likely my last. My nomadic heart has found healing and life in these past five years of living outside of my Southern home, but there are things for me in Georgia. Babies I want to watch grow up. Family I'd like to spend time with. A tug back to those oak trees and sweet tea that I don't fully understand. It's not an "all my dreams come true" move - I'll be far from dense-cities with the clickety-clack of trains, far from wide shores and waves, far from many people I love. Far from a brother and sister and nephew and niece still. (We are a family of cross-country-movers)
When I moved to Chicago I heard, "You're so brave!" countless times. When I uprooted once more and headed east to Philadelphia, the comments on my fearlessness came once again. I never once felt brave or fearless for those moves - they were invigorating and exciting. A natural, easy choice for my heart and mind that want to know and see and learn and discover. There is always some grief and sadness at the people and things that get left - - harder each time. But, only those who know me best call me brave for this move for they know it is the only one that has scared me.
When you move somewhere brand new you get to be you in a new way. I feel confident in saying that the people who know me from Atlanta and from Chicago and from Philadelphia would all describe me in different ways, there are similarities and all of the personas are me - I am not being someone I am not in any of these places. But, I have been different in each place, and I have naturally grown and changed as the moves also came with years. The differences make sense, I have had different roles in each place, different friends, different priorities and amounts of free time and money so I have pursued different things. All of this shines light on different parts of me. The blank-slate you get when you arrive somewhere brand new, all alone, is invigorating. There's nothing quite like having that much freedom to shape a time of your life into whatever will come.
But heading back? Just as I have changed in the five years I've been away, so too have those I left. Still, there is no blank slate there and I am not quite sure what that will look like as I move forward. I am not quite sure how the much-more-outspoken, different opinions and beliefs and priorities, interested-in-different-things me will fit into the place I called home for a couple decades and some change. I guess that's why they say you can't go home again. I am unsure of what crafting myself anew will look like when there are people there I've known for forever.
I find I am not quite sure how to go about these new beginning when it's going back to somewhere old. I am predicting lessons about redemption and the value of roots and memories and traditions, but I don't know. I realize I didn't know what life would look like before any other move either - I may have had a few more details than I do know about what waits at the other end, but I did not know the future any more than I do now. And each time God allowed me home and friendships and family to grow in those new places. I'm sure the same will prove true once again.
I am comfortable with the "three year itch" to reinvent myself - that cycle that seems to beg to try something new. As Meister Eckhart said, "And suddenly you know: It's time to start something new and trust the magic of beginnings." I think I'll have to learn that new and beginning doesn't have to mean a clean slate and uprooting, time for me to learn a little about roots and staying - the bravery of going back.
When I moved to Chicago I heard, "You're so brave!" countless times. When I uprooted once more and headed east to Philadelphia, the comments on my fearlessness came once again. I never once felt brave or fearless for those moves - they were invigorating and exciting. A natural, easy choice for my heart and mind that want to know and see and learn and discover. There is always some grief and sadness at the people and things that get left - - harder each time. But, only those who know me best call me brave for this move for they know it is the only one that has scared me.
When you move somewhere brand new you get to be you in a new way. I feel confident in saying that the people who know me from Atlanta and from Chicago and from Philadelphia would all describe me in different ways, there are similarities and all of the personas are me - I am not being someone I am not in any of these places. But, I have been different in each place, and I have naturally grown and changed as the moves also came with years. The differences make sense, I have had different roles in each place, different friends, different priorities and amounts of free time and money so I have pursued different things. All of this shines light on different parts of me. The blank-slate you get when you arrive somewhere brand new, all alone, is invigorating. There's nothing quite like having that much freedom to shape a time of your life into whatever will come.
But heading back? Just as I have changed in the five years I've been away, so too have those I left. Still, there is no blank slate there and I am not quite sure what that will look like as I move forward. I am not quite sure how the much-more-outspoken, different opinions and beliefs and priorities, interested-in-different-things me will fit into the place I called home for a couple decades and some change. I guess that's why they say you can't go home again. I am unsure of what crafting myself anew will look like when there are people there I've known for forever.
I find I am not quite sure how to go about these new beginning when it's going back to somewhere old. I am predicting lessons about redemption and the value of roots and memories and traditions, but I don't know. I realize I didn't know what life would look like before any other move either - I may have had a few more details than I do know about what waits at the other end, but I did not know the future any more than I do now. And each time God allowed me home and friendships and family to grow in those new places. I'm sure the same will prove true once again.
I am comfortable with the "three year itch" to reinvent myself - that cycle that seems to beg to try something new. As Meister Eckhart said, "And suddenly you know: It's time to start something new and trust the magic of beginnings." I think I'll have to learn that new and beginning doesn't have to mean a clean slate and uprooting, time for me to learn a little about roots and staying - the bravery of going back.
Sunday, June 15, 2014
An Ode to my English degree
I used to hate poetry. There were a few poems I liked, but I hated it in general – so many meanings and allusions and things beyond and between the text. I liked words simple and straightforward – words that got straight to the point and told me what was what.
That's how I was raised to believe words. Everything just as it says it happened in the Bible. Literally and concretely – an accurate science and history book. I never thought to question it, I just accepted it. I rarely, almost never, read fantasy or science-fiction. Things that were outside the realm of reality held no interest to me. I shunned the Greek and Roman mythologies for their silliness, never noting the trace of irony.
And then, oh you all know this story, I went to college.
I landed in an English degree, but I didn't really know what I wanted to do. I look back now and say, "Providential hand of God" because I have never had a fascination with the classic works of literature, grammar often befuddled me, and my strongest subject was math.
In undergrad, my literary theory teacher told me about Derrida, deconstruction, semiotics. Many other theorists and theories too – but Derrida stuck with me.
All of a sudden I'm pouring over many lines of an Elizabeth Bishop poem over and over and over again trying to figure out what it means, not what it says. And I love it. The poem, at a glance, is a young girl in a dentist waiting room reading a National Geographic, waiting as her aunt has a procedure done. But in these new eyes of mine, suddenly everything means everything. Not that it can mean anything you see – there are still right and wrong answers, but things mean more than the black and white on the page in front of you.
Suddenly words aren't always literal, and when they're not, they usually mean so much more. For the third time in my life I am assigned to read Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness – a book I had hated for its darkness – but armed with some tools of critical theory – I find it a rich mine of information about colonialism and our life today.
The next semester the professor who taught me Derrida taught creative writing. I turned in my efforts at poetry and his brow furrowed and he scribbled notes in the margins and pushed me forward. He told us about literary devices and the difference between latin and anglo-saxon. In three hour chunks I learned about the beauty of language and how the wrangling of semantics changes things.
Suddenly there is beauty in poetry and some speaker says that God is a poet and I get what that means – because I have learned in Creative Writing that poetry has surprise endings that suddenly weave all the lines together.
In The History of the English Language I began to understand language and grammar and syntax and diction in a way that goes beyond the "rules" of words. There is a reason we say both cow and cattle, pig and swine. There is a reason "Ebonics" is fraught with social implications. There is a history of peoples and wars, faiths and governments, the conquerors and the conquered that brought me here to a place where my "English" language is German and Roman, French and Cherokee.
And when words are so fraught with connotations beyond the denotations - when words bring with them lineages of racism and colonialism and oppression and war – how much more do our societies do the same? How much more to the very fabrics that make up our laws and our communities and our deeply held beliefs give evidence to the long history of people?
And those ideas swirled about my head as I learned about racism and sexism and sizeism and ableism. They offered a foundation for how I processed the way that people in Chicago were different than the people in Atlanta and the people in Philadelphia different still. And in my first semester of seminary – when we started talking about literary-historical criticism and highlighting the parts of that ancient document that gave us pause or made us want to rail at the heavens - my faith was safe. I had a number of years of understanding that words are more than words – that there is life and history and culture behind them. I knew that words could stand a close look, could be put up next to history and genre and age after age and we will still find them worthy to be read and held and pondered. I knew that truth is something beyond literalism – because I sat in a classroom and a read a poem over and over and over again until I realized it wasn't about a little girl in the dentist's waiting room - - it is about us in the world. Because of this I know that Genesis is not so much about how God made the world - it is about God in the world.
Tuesday, June 10, 2014
War and Peace in the Southern Baptist Convention
My twitter feed is abuzz with notes and quotes from #SBC14, the Southern Baptist Convention's annual conference. It reminded me that I had yet to share this with you. It's long - but if you enjoy history and church politics, it may interest you. There's an infographic down a bit if you just want to look at the picture. I haven't heard if there's been a resolution on "war" or "peace" at this year's convention - but if ya'll hear of one, let me know!
For one of my papers this semester I researched the Southern Baptist Convention's history in regards to "War and Peace." I grew up in an SBC church, but today I call myself non-denomination and most closely align with the teachings of traditional peace churches. I also call myself a pacifist/non-violent resister. As I've learned about the long peace tradition of other churches (like Mennonites) I have somewhat mourned the lack of that type of teaching in my own spiritual formation. For as much as I can remember – my church always supported war as a reasonable and needed solution to evil in our world. True Just War theory promotes and pursues peace, but that was not the message I got from the "patriotic" celebrations in my church. While all of that was subjective and based on my own experience, I thoroughly enjoyed researching the history of "War and Peace" in the SBC and learned some interesting things! I thought I would summarize that here for you. While there are numerous other documents and factors one can research to look at this issue, for what is below I looked at the three version of the Baptist Faith and Message the SBC has had in their history and the various "resolutions" that were passed/approved at the annual national conventions of the SBC from the late 1800s until 2013.
History and Context
The Southern Baptist Convention began in 1864 after it broke away from the larger Baptist denomination. The Southern Baptist Convention was created explicitly as a result of the slave-owners' desire to retain slaves based on an understanding of biblical literalism. The denomination traveled with the South through the Civil War and Reconstruction and as a result is strongly flavored with the "Southern" way of life. The SBC and the South saw strength and a purpose in rising above hardships and maintaining traditional and cultural ways of life. In regards to war and peace, we will see that the SBC holds a dedicated commitment to peace for many years before ultimately siding with a Southern sense of patriotism and embracing passages such as Romans 13 in an attempt to take the entire Bible as literally as possible.
Due to some intentional maneuvering within the politics of the SBC, in the 1980s the denomination took a conservative turn that focused on reading the Bible as literally as possible and with a strong emphasis on cultural morality (pro-family, pro-life, etc) that was said to be in-line with a literal reading of the Bible.[1] This move was also strongly correlated with the rise of the Religious Right in U.S. politics and the SBC became increasingly connected to the political views of the Republican Party.
"Baptist exceptionalism"[2] is an understanding of the idea that in the Southeastern United States (the Bible Belt) that the SBC has achieved Establishment status as the largest faith-organization. Growing up in an SBC church in an Atlanta suburb, I had no idea other types of Christianity were thriving. I knew that other denominations existed; I just assumed they were all weak and dying. As far as I could tell, the SBC was the true expression of faith and the strongest. It seemed everyone I knew also believed this, even if only subconsciously. At the very least, no one ever challenged this idea. To be a southerner was to be a Southern Baptist. Our politics and our lifestyle were tied up in these things. To critique the normative expressions of patriotism and military pride was to critique a defining feature of our faith because these were defining features of our culture. My home church regularly had patriotic services near Memorial Day or Veteran's Day. The words to the patriotic songs we sung were projected onto the screen and the behind the words was an image of three crosses on a hill and the American flag in the background. The church I attended in college cancelled services one Sunday in order to have a patriotic picnic in the yard, complete with a military plane fly-over and paratroopers jumping down to join us. But even on the "normal" weeks, weeks that were not specifically dedicated to honoring the country or soldiers, an American flag often had a place on the side of the altar. The Christian Flag was on the other side and in the middle was the pulpit.
SBC on War, Peace, and Military
I read every SBC resolution on war, peace, or military that I could find using their online database.[3] From my count, there are 53 resolutions between 1863-2013 addressing "war," "peace," or "military." While reading through the resolutions gives one a picture of a change in emphasis, I was also interested in the way word choice changed in these resolutions. "Peace" is the most frequently occurring word, showing up 197 times. "War" makes an appearance 130 times and "military" 93 times. However, when you look at the resolutions in two groups, dividing them at the 1979 schism, there is an obvious turn in the word choice, even when adjusting for the difference in the number of years each group covers. From 1863-1979 the word peace appears 159 times (an average of 1.37 times per year) and military occurs 29 times (.25/year). From 1980 forward, peace shows up 38 times (.86/year) and the word military is used 64 times (1.94/year). The rate of the average per year use of the word "war" is roughly equal between the two groups (.88 and .85 per year respectively). Even for the entire 130 year time span of these resolutions (1863-2013), the word peace is used on average only 1.31 times per year, less than the 1980-2013 average use of "military." This is all linguistic observation, but one I find useful in gaining a wide perspective. As we look at the actual change in what the SBC resolutions are praising and endorsing in regards to war, peace, and military, we will see a turn away from classic just war principles. Here is a visual representation of the numbers I have just discussed.
Baptist Faith and Message Changes
The Baptist Faith and Message (BFM) is the statement of beliefs for the Southern Baptist Convention. There are versions drafted in 1925, 1963, and 2000. The changes in the short "War and Peace" article of this document give a brief look at the changing views on this topic within the convention. All three versions of the BFM include the following statement:
It is the duty of Christians to seek peace with all men on principles of righteousness. In accordance with the spirit and teachings of Christ they should do all in their power to put an end to war.The true remedy for the war spirit is the gospel of our Lord. The supreme need of the world is the acceptance of His teachings in all the affairs of men and nations, and the practical application of His law of love.[4]
That is the entirely of the 1963 statement on this topic. In 1925 there had been an additional sentence that said:
We urge Christian people throughout the world to pray for the reign of the Prince of Peace, and to oppose everything likely to provoke war.[5]
In 2000, the SBC added back the first clause of that sentence back to the statement, but left off "and to oppose everything likely to provoke war."[6] This is perhaps the most explicit formal stance on the changing views of war and peace within the SBC even though the terms of "Just War" are not used. The choice to leave off the clause that encourages an opposition to "everything likely to provoke war" after the 1963 BFM shows a shift in theological views on war and peace. Each article of the BFM is annotated with the references to scripture passages that back up these doctrinal statements. There were changes to the scripture used to support the "Peace and War" article in 1963 but no further changes in 2000. [7] Notable among the changes between 1925 and 1963 is the exclusion of Romans 14:17 (For the kingdom of God is [a matter] of righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit) and the simultaneous inclusion of Romans 13:1-7 (Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. . .).
War and Peace, 1835-1979
Given the history of the formation of the Southern Baptist Convention, it is no surprise that their first recorded resolution concerning war and peace is about the Civil War.[8] This resolution is in strong support of the confederacy and there is a mournful tone to the resolution which is titled "On Peace." Those that gathered at the convention in 1863 said, "The war which has been forced upon us is, on our part, just and necessary."[9] The resolution also repents of unspecified sin and laments that the war causes poverty, interruption to education, and death. Ultimately they believe the war to be just and that includes that they "confidently anticipate ultimate success" for the Confederacy.[10] Outside of the official convention meeting, the everyday "rank and file" members of the SBC were also in support of the Confederacy. "Churches constantly observed days of fasting and prayer on behalf of their armies and readily donated bells to be cast into cannon."[11] The South officially lost the war two years later, and there are no more resolutions on war or peace in the SBC until 1907. This resolution is a mere 42 words, saying simply, but beautifully: "RESOLVED, That we look with devout gratitude to Almighty God upon the advance throughout the wide world of the cause of peace, for 'Peace hath her victories no less renowned than war; and we desire and will pray for the day to hasten when all nations will settle their difficulties by arbitration rather than the resort to arms; and the song of the angels at the advent of Christ be fully realized—'Peace on earth, good will to men.''"[12] It had taken 42 years for the SBC to make a new statement on war and peace after what was to them a devastating loss of a war they fought believing they were just.
In 1911 an SBC "Resolution on Peace" declared that "a civilization uninfluenced by the teachings of the New Testament is without the groundwork of permanent peace. War is a scourge, is wrong in principle and morally corrupting."[13] They further resolve "that as Southern Baptists we will talk up peace and talk down war; that we will pray God [sic] for universal peace."[14] Six years later, when the United States entered WWI, the SBC convention that year issued a statement expressing "loyal and sacrifical [sic] support in the war,"[15] yet the focus and bulk of the resolution centers on mourning the presence of war and re-affirming that "the righteousness of the Sermon on the Mount, and [their] confidence and infallible wisdom of him who has taught us to love our enemies, to bless them that curse us, and to do good to them that despitefully use and persecute us."[16]
In 1935, the SBC declares their "unalterable opposition to war and [their] devotion to the maintenance of peace among the nations of the world."[17] In 1936 they affirm once again their "utter opposition to and hatred of war as the most inexcusable and insane policy that could be pursued by the nations of the earth in their dealings with one another, destructive not only of human life and treasure but of all that is high and worthy in human ideals and objectives."[18] This same resolution also explicitly supports a just war as a final resort, but emphasizes the "last resort" stipulation by also expressing disgust with the "enormous military and naval establishment [. . .] being built up and maintained by our government at the expense of approximately one billion dollars a year."[19] In June of 1940 WWII had begun but the United States had not yet entered the war. The SBC "Resolution on Peace" at that year's convention said:
That while we acknowledge the right of national self-defense, our utter abhorrence of war and its attendant evils compels us to voice the conviction that even a defensive war should be waged only as a last resort after every effort has been made to reach a settlement of international problems in fairness to all the nations involved that all International differences could and of a right ought to be composed by peaceful diplomatic exchanges, and, when these fail, by arbitration.[20]
The 1940 resolution also makes the first resolution concerning the rights and freedoms of people to conscientiously object to fighting in a war and calls for the convention to make a way for members of the SBC denomination to register as conscientious objectors within the denomination. While a 1946 resolution will show that the SBC failed to make plans to support those who would wish to conscientiously object to the war, their support for one's ability and freedom to do so remained.[21] By a 1969 resolution, it seems that the convention has set up the proper channels by which a member of an SBC church could register as a conscientious objector within the church.[22]
In June 1941, mere months before the attack on Pearl Harbor the resolution of the annual convention laments the war in Europe but makes an argument for the justness of the war.[23] It is the longest of the resolutions on war, peace, and military. They first affirm the right of people to consciously object and then explain why this war is necessary. Their defense is long, citing primarily that the evil being committed in Europe against the various rights of many innocent people cannot be allowed to continue. They acknowledge that there are a variety of opinions on how best to proceed given the reality of the war in Europe, but the only concrete thing they call for is that the United States should stop supplying arms to Japan. At the very end of the resolution they clarify that the resolution "may be misinterpreted by some as a committal to the principle of militarism, Therefore, be it resolved that the aforesaid resolution, in no way commits the Southern Baptist Convention to an approval of war, as a recognized principle in settling international differences."[24] It seems clear that they are wrestling with the theological implications of going to war. The horror happening to the people in Europe weighed heavy on their minds, but they maintain a strong focus on peace, an allowance for the theological freedom to abstain from war, and careful words to avoid being seen as supporting war. This is dedicated Just War theology and the agonizing wrestling that comes with trying to weigh the forces of good and evil. Their commitment to the Just War principles continues after the war has begun and many SBC members find themselves fighting. The 1943 convention issues a resolution reminding the U.S. government that the war "may not accomplish the purposes for which it is fought unless a just and righteous peace follows the termination of the war"[25] and that those principles must be decided upon before the war's end or they will not work.
As the United States moves from WWII to the other wars that America will engage with between the 1950-1970s, the SBC position stays predominantly anti-war in their resolutions. Throughout these decades the SBC prioritizes peace by saying that they need "desperately to have new aspirations for world peace,"[26] that they "are eager to meet [their] responsibility to promote peace through Christian love and the application of Christian principles to human affairs,"[27] resolving "not to allow fear to suspend [their] reliance upon the processes of Christian diplomacy as practiced by those who acknowledge the Prince of Peace,"[28] that the use of torture is a sin against God,[29] and that "all Christians, including Southern Baptists, should consistently oppose inhumanity, injustice, and war."[30] In 1972 they urge the United States government "to utilize the massive resources now allocated to the military to the healing of those bleeding lands abroad and to the binding up of our nation's wounds at home"[31] and "to move in imaginative and reconciling ways to seek mutual agreements with other nations to slow the nuclear arms race."[32]
However, hints of the transition from a Just War view to a more militarist/nationalist view begin to show up during these decades as well. In 1969 the convention acknowledges that "There appears within conscientious men a need to reconcile the Christian's pursuit of peace with the patriot's prosecution of defensive war" and the convention "encourages a search of Scriptures for principles which set forth one's responsibilities both to God and to country."[33] And while in 1941 those at the convention were careful to clarify that they were not supporting militarism, the messengers at the 1969 convention, made certain to clarify that the acknowledgement of the right of people to consciously object "does not imply approval or support of any citizen who refuses to accept the full obligation of responsible citizenship."[34] In 1970 the SBC convention also expresses their fear that communist violence "may ultimately render America impotent before its adversaries" and we find the first occurrence of "Commander-in-Chief" in the resolutions by the SBC.
War and Military, 1980-2013
Throughout the 1980s the resolutions continue to use peace language while also frequently qualifying the peace-talk with statements like, "We realistically acknowledge the timely reassessment of our nation's security needs and we appreciate the attention given to spend for defense"[35] or that they "appreciate the renewed commitment to a strong national defense."[36] The beginnings of patriotism (as defined for indebtedness to those who will "kill [or] sacrifice his/her life for the country, ostensibly defending its people, freedom, and or/traditions"[37]) show up in the SBC response to Operation Desert Storm in 1991. After defending the military action in Kuwait as a Just War, they make a note to "especially honor those who died in the conflict for their ultimate sacrifice in the cause of freedom and that we offer our heartfelt sympathy and gratitude to their families."[38] While the resolutions during WWII that focused on the armed services were in praise of the chaplains who served on the field, in 1994 the SBC honors the "many Americans [who] voluntarily gave or risked their lives in the invasion of Normandy by the Allied Forces."[39] Resolutions specifically in praise and support of those individuals who serve in the military were also issued in 2004, 2005, and 2006.
During the SBC convention that occurs after September 11, 2001, the SBC offers clear support for the "War on Terror," calling it a reasonable act of self-defense, pointing out that "Scriptures command civil authorities to restrain evil and to punish evildoers through the power of the sword," and offering full support for the "President of the United States in his denunciation of terrorist groups as "evildoers" who must be resisted."[42] Aside from a few resolutions mentioned earlier on support of the military, the SBC convention has been relatively silent on the issue of war and peace. In 2009 a resolution on President Obama mentions the SBC's appreciation for "his decisions to retain many foreign policies that continue to keep our nation safe from further terrorist attacks"[43] Aside from the word "peace" popping up once or twice in a handful of recent resolutions, the last time that any resolution was devoted to the importance and prioritizing of peace was in 1983. The last resolution I could find from the SBC on an issue related to war, peace, or military was in 2010. The resolution is a 1,147 word statement titled "On Homosexuality And The United States Military." The SBC took a stand against repealing the "Don't ask, don't tell" for a variety of moral, spiritual, and logistical reasons. Among them, "that normalizing the open presence of homosexuals in the military is incompatible with generating, strengthening, and maintaining good discipline, unit cohesion, and combat readiness."[44] In other words, regardless of one's opinions on God's view of homosexuality (as faithful Christians disagree on a variety of points), in roughly 100 years, the Southern Baptist convention went from declaring that "War is a scourge, is wrong in principle and morally corrupting" to spending a considerable amount of time arguing that there should not be homosexuals openly in the military because it damages the military's ability to kill people.
This research was cathartic for me. One of the things I've "grieved" over the past couple of years is the lack of a "peace tradition" in my own early years. It's been reassuring to see it in those middle years of the SBC even though I no longer call that denomination "home." While it is easy to say that the Religious Right is enjoying too much power currently to voluntarily surrender it in the name of once again pursuing peace, it is my hope and prayer that as a people, the SBC will once again lead its members to "oppose everything likely to provoke war." In the meantime, part of my faith heritage is the Southern Baptist Convention with all its flaws and strengths and I will continue to pray that Christians of all perspectives will join in that 1907 prayer and "will pray for the day to hasten when all nations will settle their difficulties by arbitration rather than the resort to arms; and the song of the angels at the advent of Christ be fully realized—'Peace on earth, good will to [all].'"[45]
End Notes:
[1] Nancy Tatom Ammerman,. Baptist Battles: Social Change and Religious Conflict in the Southern Baptist Convention. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1990.
[2] Bruce B. Lawrence, Defenders of God: The Fundamentalists Revolt against the Modern Age (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1989), 197 as cited in Oran P. Smith, The Rise of Baptist Republicanism (New York: New York University Press, 1997). 39.
[3] Southern Baptist Convention, "Resolutions Search," http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/search/ (accessed April 28, 2014)
[4] Sunday School Board, Baptist Faith and Message. (Nashville: Southern Baptist Convention, 1963).
[5] Sunday School Board, Baptist Faith and Message. (Nashville: Southern Baptist Convention, 1925).
[6] Executive Committee of the Southern Baptist Convention, Baptist Faith and Message, 2000, http://www.sbc.net/bfm2000/bfm2000.asp (accessed April 28, 2014)
[8] SBC, Resolution On Peace (Augusta, GA, 1863), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/801/resolution-on-peace (accessed May 1, 2014)
[9] Ibid., Article 1.
[10] Ibid., Article 2.
[11] Jesse C. Fletcher, "Effect on the Civil War on Southern Baptist Churches," Baptist History and Heritage (July/October 1997): 36.
[12] SBC, Resolution On Peace (Richmond, VA, 1907), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/802/resolution-on-peace (accessed May 1, 2014)
[13] SBC, Resolution On Peace (Jacksonville, FL, 1911), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/803/resolution-on-peace (accessed April 28, 2014)
[14] Ibid.
[15] SBC, Resolution On Peace (New Orleans, LA, 1917), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/804/resolution-on-peace (accessed April 28, 2014)
[16] Ibid.
[17] SBC, Resolution On Peace (Memphis, TN, 1935), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/810/resolution-on-peace (accessed April 28, 2014)
[18] SBC, Resolution On Peace (St. Louis, MO, 1936), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/811/resolution-on-peace (accessed April 28, 2014)
[19] Ibid.
[20] SBC, Resolution Concerning War and Peace (Baltimore, MD, 1940) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/814/resolution-on-war-and-peace (accessed May 1, 2014)
[21]SBC, Resolution Concerning Conscientious Objectors (Miami, FL: 1946) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/321/resolution-concerning-conscientious-objectors (accessed April 28, 2014)
[22]SBC, Resolution Concerning Conscientious Objectors (New Orleans, LA: 1969) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/363/resolution-on-conscientious-objectors (accessed April 28, 2014)
[23] SBC, Resolution on Peace (Birmingham, AL, 1941), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/815/resolution-on-peace (accessed April 28, 2014)
[24] Ibid.
[25] SBC, Resolution on Peace (San Antonio, TX, 1943), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/816/resolution-on-peace (accessed April 28, 2014)
[26] SBC, Recommendation Concerning World Order and Peace (Chicago, IL, 1950), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/818/recommendation-concerning-world-order-and-peace (accessed April 28, 2014)
[27] SBC, Resolution on World Peace (Houston, TX, 1958), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/819/resolution-on-world-peace (accessed April 28, 2014)
[28] SBC, Resolution on Summit Peace Conference (Miami Beach, FL, 1960), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/820/resolution-on-summit-peace-conference (accessed April 28, 2014)
[29] SBC, Resolution on Torture (Kansas City, MO, 1977), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/1113/resolution-on-torture (accessed April 28, 2014)
[30] SBC, Resolution on Peace and Justice for All Men (New Orleans, LA, 1969) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/824/resolution-on-peace-and-justice-for-all-men (accessed April 28, 2014)
[31] SBC, Resolution on Achieving World Peace (Philadelphia, PA, 1972) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/827/resolution-on-achieving-world-peace (accessed April 28, 2014)
[32] SBC, Resolution on Multilateral Arms Control (Atlanta, GA, 1978) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/275/resolution-on-multilateral-arms-control (accessed April 28, 2014)
[33] SBC, Resolution on Peace (Miami Beach, FL, 1967), http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/822/resolution-on-peace (accessed April 28, 2014). See also 1970 Resolution on World Peace where they "call upon Southern Baptists to search the Scriptures to determine the role of the Christian in time of war."
[34] SBC, Resolution on Conscientious Objectors (New Orleans, LA, 1969) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/363/resolution-on-conscientious-objectors (accessed April 28, 2014
[35] SBC, Resolution on Peace and National Security (St. Louis, MO, 1980) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/831/resolution-on-peace-and-national-security (accessed April 28, 2014)
[36] SBC, Resolution on Peace and National Security (Los Angeles, CA, 1981) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/832/resolution-on-peace-and-national-security (accessed April 28, 2014)
[37] Ryan LaMothe, "The Problem of Patriotism: A Psychoanalytic and Theological Analysis" Pastoral Psychology 58 (2009): 153.
[38] SBC, Resolution on Operation Desert Storm (Atlanta, GA, 1991) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/433 (accessed May 1, 2014)
[39] SBC, Resolution On Commending World War Ii Veterans On The Occasion Of The 50th Anniversary Of D-Day (Orlando, FL, 1994) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/1074/resolution-on-commending-world-war-ii-veterans-on-the-occasion-of-the-50th-anniversary-of-dday
[42] SBC, Resolution on the War on Terror (St. Louis, MO, 2002) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/1115/on-the-war-on-terrorism (accessed April 28, 2014). The sentiments are repeated in their 2003 Resolution On The Liberation Of Iraq.
[43]SBC, Resolution on President Barack Hussein Obama (Louisville, KY, 2009) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/1193/on-president-barack-hussein-obama (accessed 28, 2013)
[44] SBC, Resolution on Homosexuality and the United States Military (Orlando, FL, 2010) http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/1208/on-homosexuality-and-the-united-states-military (accessed 28, 2013)
[45] See note 26
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