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America = Las Americas. Canada, United States, Mexico.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Written for teachers to use with migrant children in elementary grades and to highlight the many Americas, three magazines provide historical and cultural background information on Canada, the United States, and Mexico and feature biographies of Black and Hispanic leaders. Each edition has a table of contents indicating the language--Spanish…
Toro, Leonor; And Others
Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States
Microsoft Academic Search
In this paper, I selectively review recent literature on illegal migration from Mexico to the United States. I begin by discussing methods for estimating stocks and flows of illegal migrants. While there is uncertainty about the size of the unauthorized population, new data sources make it possible to examine the composition of legal and illegal populations and the time-series covariates
Gordon H. Hanson
Forty Years and Escalating: Drugs Between the United States and Mexico.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Mexico's drug war involving internal corruption, economic upheaval and violence is increasingly impacting the national security of the United States as the drug influence crosses the border. To win this drug war the United States and Mexico must become be...
K. A. Barclay
19 CFR 123.15 - Vehicles of foreign origin used between communities of the United States and Canada or Mexico.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...between communities of the United States and Canada or Mexico. 123.15 Section 123...DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CBP RELATIONS WITH CANADA AND MEXICO International Traffic ...between communities of the United States and Canada or Mexico. Vehicles of foreign...
United States/Mexico electricity exchanges. [History, incentives, and constraints
SciTech Connect
As a result of the agreement between the respective presidents, a joint study was undertaken to analyze the possibilities of increasing the international electricity exchange between the two countries. Responsibility for this undertaking was assigned to the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and to the Direccion de Energia de Mexico (DEM) through the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE). Representatives from Mexico and the US were chosen from the regional utilities along the border between the two countries and made up working groups that particiated in the study. With the support of both governments, and a high degree of cooperation between the two countries, work on the study was completed within fourteen months The completion of the study has been a major step in broadening the base of bilateral energy relations. the study highlights the opportunities for increased electricity exchanges, which could increase cooperation along the common border. Expansion of electricity interchange could offer substantial economic benefit to both countries, both directly and indirectly. Direct benefits include increased reliability of electric power and cost savings through economies of scale and diversity of peak demand patterns. Indirect benefits include improved economic and employment opportunities, especially in the border areas of both countries. This report provides background on the history of past exchanges and the characteristics of the US and Mexico electric systems, a summary of opportunities and incentives, and suggestions for procedures to remove obstacles and constraints.
Mexico-United States Dialogue on Migration and Border Issues, 2001-2005.
This report, which will be updated periodically, focuses on the interactions between Mexico and the United States on migration and border issues during the administrations of President George W. Bush and President Vicente Fox of Mexico. The discussions an...
K. L. Storrs
United States-Mexico electricity transfers: Of alien electrons and the migration of undocumented environmental burdens
This article intends to set forth the necessity for reform in the United States policy and procedures regarding approval of power transfers between the United States and Mexico. In order to do this, the article will review the history of electrical power transfers between the United States and Mexico (Part II), analyze recent regulatory changes in the United States and Mexico which may result in increased power exports to Mexico (Part III), evaluate the extent to which the present permit and authorization system in the United States considers the increased environmental burden of such power transfers (Part IV), and, where appropriate, propose some procedural and policy reforms that could take into account the environmental burdens generated by the production of power destined for transfer across the United States-Mexico border (Part V).
Gandara, A. [Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
[Labor migration to the United States by natives from the State of Mexico].
Based primarily on data from the Encuesta sobre Migracion en la Frontera Norte de Mexico, results of a study of international migration from the Mexican state of Mexico to the United States over time are presented The author notes that from 1942 to 1964, labor migration between the two countries was organized under an agreement between the two governments concerned. However, since that agreement ended, an increasing volume of illegal labor migration has occurred in response to the economic situation. Attention is given to migrant characteristics, the characteristics of illegal immigrants deported back to Mexico, and migrant remittances. PMID:12349172
Gonzalez Becerril, J G
Pensando en Cynthia y su Hermana: Educational Implications of United States-Mexico Transnationalism for Children
We use 3 brief educational biographies of students in Mexico who have previously attended public school in the United States to introduce this literature review on United States-Mexico transnational students. This article is also the first of several planned articles stemming from a currently ongoing, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y…
Hamann, Edmund T.; Zuniga, Victor; Garcia, Juan Sanchez
Family reunification or point-based immigration system? The case of the United States and Mexico
While the immigration policy in the United States is mainly oriented to family reunification, in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. it is a points-based immigration system which main objective is to attract high skilled immigrants. This paper compares both immigration policies through the transition for the United States and Mexico. I find that: (i) the point system increases the
Revision of the Genus 'Amblycerus' of the United States and Mexico (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Amblycerinae).
A key to species and descriptions are presented for 40 species of the genus Amblycerus of the United States and Mexico. New species atkinsoni, cuernavacensis, chiapas, evangelinae, guerrerensis, hespenheidei, ireriae, mariae, and veracruz are described. A...
J. Romero C. D. Johnson J. M. Kingsolver
La Frontera: Study of School Districts along the United States/Mexico Border.
School boards associations in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas commissioned this report about K-12 education along La Frontera, the United States/Mexico border, to identify common issues and target policymaking and assistance efforts. Data were obtained from a research review and interviews and surveys of superintendents and school board…
Harrison, Tenley S.; Lee-Bayha, June; Sloat, Ed
Voices from La Frontera: Study of School Districts along the United States/Mexico Border.
School board associations in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas jointly commissioned this report to identify common issues in K-12 education along the United States/Mexico border. Surveys returned from 206 school districts within 100 miles of the border indicate that this is a diverse and historically impoverished region with a growing…
WestEd, San Francisco, CA.
1944 Water Treaty Between Mexico and the United States: Present Situation and Future Potential
Historically and culturally, water has always been considered to be a critical issue in Mexico- USA agenda. Along the 3 140-km border between Mexico and the United States, there is intense competition over the adequate availability of water. Water uses in urban border areas have continued to increase exponentially due to steadily increasing levels of popu- lation growth. Rapid industrialisation
Anabel Sánchez
Wages and Foreign Ownership: A Comparative Study of Mexico, Venezuela and the United States
This paper explores the relationship between wages and foreign investment in Mexico, Venezuela, and the United States. Despite very different economic conditions and levels of development, we find one fact which is robust across all three countries: higher levels of foreign investment are associated with higher wages. In Mexico and Venezuela, foreign investment was associated with higher wages only for
Brian Aitken; Ann Harrison; Robert E. Lipsey
Environmental Security: What Environmental Issues Impact Regional Stability and Affect United States Foreign Policy with Mexico.
This paper examines what environmental security is and what issues effect it, concentrating on the United States/Mexico relationship. The United States is the only viable world leader since the fall of the Soviet Union. This unique leadership role offers ...
R. E. Moriarty
19 CFR 123.64 - Baggage in transit through the United States between ports in Canada or in Mexico.
...through the United States between ports in Canada or in Mexico. 123.64 Section 123...DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CBP RELATIONS WITH CANADA AND MEXICO Baggage § 123.64 ...through the United States between ports in Canada or in Mexico. (a) Procedure....
Population Growth in the United States and Mexico. Geography Curriculum Project.
The self-study unit for intermediate grades treats population growth in the United States and Mexico. The major objectives are to improve skills in using graphics and to teach about population growth. The teaching method used is the Forced Inferential Response Mode (FIRM). The students are presented with data through maps, graphs, tables,…
Dale, John R.; Rice, Marion J.
Economic opportunity in Mexico and return migration from the United States.
I analyze the influence of the economic characteristics of origin area on trip duration for Mexican migrants in the United States. I argue that migrants from economically dynamic areas in Mexico with favorable opportunities for employment and small capital investment have a larger incentive to stay in the United States longer and to withstand the psychic costs of separation from family and friends than do migrants from economically stagnant areas in Mexico, where the productive uses of savings are severely limited. In line with this argument we should expect investment opportunities in migrants' origin areas to be associated positively with migrants' trip duration in the United States. To test this hypothesis I use individual- and household-level data on U.S. migration experience collected in 13 Mexican communities. Evidence from parametric hazards models supports the idea that economic characteristics of origin areas influence the motivations and strategies of Mexican migrants in the United States. PMID:8875068
Lindstrom, D P
Economic opportunity in mexico and return migration from the United States
I analyze the influence of the economic characteristics of origin area on trip duration for Mexican migrants in the United\\u000a States. I argue that migrants from economically dynamic areas in Mexico with favorable opportunities for employment and small\\u000a capital investment have a larger incentive to stay in the United States longer and to withstand the psychic costs of separation\\u000a from
David P. Lindstrom
Comparison of Food Assistance Programs in Mexico and the United States.
The social safety nets in Mexico and the United States rely heavily on food assistance programs to ensure food security and access to safe and nutritious foods. To achieve these general goals, both countries' programs are exclusively paid for out of inter...
B. Kuhn C. Gundersen C. Valdez M. Yanez
A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Leadership in the United States and Mexico.
This study reports the administration of the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) (J. Kouzes and B. Posner, 1995) to 28 graduate students in educational administration at a university in the Southwest of the United States and 28 students at a university in Mexico. The limitations of this quantitative measure are examined, and comparisons of…
Slater, Charles L.; Boone, Mike; Price, Larry; Martinez, Dyanna; Alvarez, Isaias; Topete, Carlos; Olea, Elia
Directory of Physics & Astronomy Faculties 1968-1969, United States, Canada, Mexico.
This directory is the tenth edition published by the American Institute of Physics listing colleges and universities which offer degree programs in physics, astronomy and astrophysics, and the staff members who teach the courses. Institutions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico are indexed separately, both geographically and alphabetically.…
Barisch, Sylvia
Evidence of an ethnomedical form of aversion therapy on the United States-Mexico border.
Ethnographic data are presented on the use of a seed, haba de San Ignacio (Hura polyandra L. and Hura crepitans L.) to promote an aversion to the consumption of alcohol by problem drinkers in Mexican American and Mexican national populations on the United States-Mexico border. PMID:542015
Trotter, R T
North American Higher Education Cooperation: Findings from Recent Research in Mexico, Canada, and the United States.
This case study examined the North American Higher Education Cooperation (NAHEC) initiative from its launch in 1992 by educators and the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States through 1996, focusing on organizational, process, and actor preference "zones of influence" in international collaboration. Interviews were conducted with 13…
Oliva, Maricela
On the auspices of female migration from Mexico to the United States
In this paper we examine the circumstances and determinants of female migration between Mexico and the United States. Using data from the Mexican Migration Project, we considered the relative timing of males' and females' moves northward. We then estimated logit and probit models to study the determinants of male and female out-migration; among women we also estimated a multinomial logit
Marcela Cerrutti; Douglas S. Massey
Under Construction! Temporal Identities of Kindergarten Children in Mexico and the United States.
This qualitative study investigated the temporal identities of 4- and 5-year-old children in Mexico and the United States, and the conditions that shaped changes in their ideas about time after they entered public school kindergarten. The study also examined the children's families, communities, and classrooms to gain a comprehensive view of the…
Hardin, Belinda J.; Figueras, Olimpia
Characterizing tuberculosis genotype clusters along the United States-Mexico border.
We examined the growth of tuberculosis (TB) genotype clusters during 2005-2010 in the United States, categorized by country of origin and ethnicity of the index case and geographic proximity to the US-Mexico border at the time of TB diagnosis. Nationwide, 38.9% of cases subsequent to Mexico-born index cases were US-born. Among clusters following US-born Hispanic and US-born non-Hispanic index cases, respectively 29.2% and 5.3% of subsequent cluster members were Mexico-born. In border areas, the majority of subsequent cases were Mexico-born following US-born Hispanic (56.4%) and US-born non-Hispanic (55.6%) index cases. These findings suggest that TB transmission commonly occurs between US-born and Mexico-born persons. Along the US-Mexico border, prioritizing TB genotype clusters following US-born index cases for investigation may prevent subsequent cases among both US-born and Mexico-born persons. PMID:24670563
Baker, B J; Moonan, P K
Forecasting urban growth across the United States-Mexico border
USGS Publications Warehouse
The sister-city area of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, Mexico, is known collectively as Ambos (both) Nogales. This area was historically one city and was administratively divided by the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. These arid-lands have limited and sensitive natural resources. Environmental planning can support sustainable development to accommodate the predicted influx of population. The objective of this research is to quantify the amount of predicted urban growth for the Ambos Nogales watershed to support future planning for sustainable development. Two modeling regimes are explored. Our goal is to identify possible growth patterns associated with the twin-city area as a whole and with the two cities modeled as separate entities. We analyzed the cross-border watershed using regression analysis from satellite images from 1975, 1983, 1996, and 2002 and created urban area classifications. We used these classifications as input to the urban growth model, SLEUTH, to simulate likely patterns of development and define projected conversion probabilities. Model results indicate that the two cities are undergoing very different patterns of change and identify locations of expected growth based on historical development. Growth in Nogales, Arizona is stagnant while the urban area in Nogales, Sonora is exploding. This paper demonstrates an application that portrays how future binational urban growth could develop and affect the environment. This research also provides locations of potential growth for use in city planning.
Norman, L. M.; Feller, M.; Phillip, Guertin, D.
Illegal Immigration: Is the Use of Military Force in Policing the United states' Border with Mexico a Viable Option.
Illegal immigration across the United States' borders, in particular the Southern Border with Mexico, has been a continual problem confronting our local, state and national political decision makers. Over the years, numerous attempts at quelling this ille...
D. Lopez
Deconstructing the Risk for Malaria in United States Donors Deferred for Travel to Mexico
PubMed Central
Background More than 66,000 blood donors are deferred annually in the U.S. due to travel to malaria-endemic areas of Mexico. Mexico accounts for the largest share of malaria travel deferrals, yet it has extremely low risk for malaria transmission throughout most of its national territory, suggesting a suboptimal balance between blood safety and availability. This study sought to determine whether donor deferral requirements might be relaxed for parts of Mexico without compromising blood safety. Study Design and Methods Travel destination was recorded from a representative sample of presenting blood donors deferred for malaria travel from six blood centers during 2006. We imputed to these donors reporting Mexican travel a risk for acquiring malaria equivalent to Mexican residents in the destination location, adjusted for length of stay. We extrapolated these results to the overall U.S. blood donor population. Results Risk for malaria in Mexico varies significantly across endemic areas and is greatest in areas infrequently visited by study donors. Over 70% of blood donor deferrals were triggered by travel to the state of Quintana Roo on the Yucatán Peninsula, an area of very low malaria transmission. Eliminating the travel deferral requirement for all areas except the state of Oaxaca might result in the recovery of almost 65,000 blood donors annually at risk of approximately one contaminated unit collected every 20 years. Conclusion Deferral requirements should be relaxed for presenting donors who travelled to areas within Mexico that confer exceptionally small risks for malaria, such as Quintana Roo.
Spencer, Bryan; Kleinman, Steven; Custer, Brian; Cable, Ritchard; Wilkinson, Susan L; Steele, Whitney; High, Patrick M; Wright, David
Trade Liberalisation, the Peso, and Mexico's Commodity Trade Flows with the United States
We assess the effects of real peso devaluations, as well as the effects of GATT and NAFTA, on Mexico's in-payments and out-payments with the United States for 102 industries. We find that relatively few trade flows are sensitive to changes in the real exchange rate, probably due to production-sharing and intra-industry trade, but devaluations affect Mexican imports more than exports.
Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee; Scott W. Hegerty
In this paper we examine the circumstances and determinants of female migration between Mexico and the United States. Using\\u000a data from the Mexican Migration Project, we considered the relative timing of males' and females' moves northward. We then\\u000a estimated logit and probit models to study the determinants of male and female out-migration; among women we also estimated\\u000a a multinomial logit
United States-Mexico cross-border health insurance initiatives: Salud Migrante and Medicare in Mexico
While U.S. health care reform will most likely reduce the overall number of uninsured Mexican-Americans, it does not address challenges related to health care coverage for undocumented Mexican immigrants, who will remain uninsured under the measures of the reform; documented low-income Mexican immigrants who have not met the five-year waiting period required for Medicaid benefits; or the growing number of retired U.S. citizens living in Mexico, who lack easy access to Medicare-supported services. This article reviews two promising binational initiatives that could help address these challenges—Salud Migrante and Medicare in Mexico; discusses their prospective applications within the context of U.S. health care reform; and identifies potential challenges to their implementation (legal, political, and regulatory), as well as the possible benefits, including coverage of uninsured Mexican immigrants, and their integration into the U.S. health care system (through Salud Migrante), and access to lower-cost Medicare-supported health care for U.S. retirees in Mexico (Medicare in Mexico).
Bustamante, Arturo Vargas; Laugesen, Miriam; Caban, Mabel; Rosenau, Pauline
International Migration, Self-Selection, and the Distribution of Wages: Evidence from Mexico and the United States
In this paper, we use the 1990 Mexico and U.S. population censuses to examine who migrates from Mexico to the United States and how the performance of these individuals compares to those who remain in Mexico. This approach allows us to test, using data from a migrant-sending country, Borjas' negative-selection hypothesis that in poor countries individuals with the greatest incentive
Daniel Chiquiar; Gordon H. Hanson
Perspectives on Safety and Health among Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers in the United States and Mexico: A Qualitative Field Study
Context: A large number of hired farmworkers in the United States come from Mexico. Understanding safety and health concerns among the workers is essential to improving prevention programs. Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain detailed information about safety and health concerns of hired farmworkers in Colorado and in Mexico.…
Stallones, Lorann; Acosta, Martha S. Vela; Sample, Pat; Bigelow, Philip; Rosales, Monica
Authorities and organizations involved with geographic names - 1989: United States, Canada, Mexico
There is a need for accurate and standard geographic names usage in all levels of government, industry, commerce, communications, education, and research. There is also a growing number of organizations in North America that are, fully or partly, involved in the scholarly study of geographic names. This report is a list of official national, State/Provincial, and regional provincial authorities concerned with name standardization, and of organizations involved with the study of geographic names, in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The appendixes are copies of documents that provide additional information about the organization, policies, procedures, and publications of some of these organizations.
Orth, Donald J.
United States-Mexico border crossing: experiences and risk perceptions of undocumented male immigrants.
Undocumented immigrants crossing the US-Mexico border face many hazards as they attempt to enter the United States, including heat and cold injury, dehydration, and wild animal encounters. In the Tucson sector of the US-Mexico border, there are over 100 deaths a year from heat-related injuries alone. Public awareness campaigns have been undertaken to disseminate information on the dangers inherent in crossing. Little is known, however, about the ways in which undocumented immigrants actually receive information regarding the risks of crossing the border, how such information impacts their preparation for crossing or how the journey itself effects their motivation to cross again in the future. A qualitative descriptive method was used to describe and analyze information from adult males who had attempted to illegally cross the US-Mexico Border and had recently been returned to Mexico. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and responses were classified into several broad themes. Interviews were conducted and analyzed iteratively until thematic saturation was achieved. The responses validated the established risks as being commonplace. A total of eight (8) male undocumented immigrants participated in the interviews. Individuals sought information prior to crossing from the media, their families and friends, and acquaintances in border towns. They did not appear to value any particular information source over any other. New areas of risk were identified, such as traveling with others who might have new or existing medical problems. There was also substantial concern for the family unit as both a source of inspiration and motivation. The family emerged as an additional at-risk unit due to the destabilization and financial strain of having one of its members leave to attempt to immigrate to the US for work. While many planned to cross again, the majority of the men in our sample had no intention of seeking permanent residence in the US, instead planning to work and then return to their families in Mexico. This preliminary study found that individuals crossing the US-Mexico border appear willing to put themselves and their families at substantial perceived risk in order to seek economic opportunity. Future public awareness campaigns may choose to shift focus solely from the individual risk of the crossing to the additional risks to family and community. PMID:18850270
DeLuca, Lawrence A; McEwen, Marylyn M; Keim, Samuel M
This study identified differences in the epidemiology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infection for low- income populations residing on the United States-Mexico border. Participation included 77 households in three com- munities lacking adequate municipal water and sewage services. The household was the unit of analysis and sampling was from household biosolid waste from newly installed composting toilets. The proportion of households
Genetic Studies and Breeding for Stable Late Blight Resistance of Potato in the United States and Mexico
Lozoya-Saldańa, H., Hernández-Vilchis, A. Garay-Serrano, E., Brown, C.R., Grünwald, N. and Helgeson, J.P. 2001. Genetic studies and breeding for stable late blight resistance of potato in the United States and Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología 19:253-259. New forms of the potato late blight pathogen (Phytophthora infestans) have recently migrated from Mexico to the rest of the world. The best long
Héctor Lozoya-Saldańa; Alejandro Hernández-Vilchis; Edith Garay-Serrano; Charles R. Brown; Niklaus Grünwald; John P. Helgeson
A study of four medicinal plant complexes of Mexico and adjacent United States.
A survey of medicinal herbs in markets of central and northern Mexico and southwestern United States revealed the existence of plant complexes of different species sharing common names, morphological and aromatic characteristics, and uses. Four complexes (with the "label" species listed first) discussed include: "cachani" with Roldana sessilifolia, Iostephane madrensis, Liatris punctata, Psacalium sp., and Potentilla sp.; "chuchupate" with Ligusticum porteri and Myroxylon balsamum; "hierba anís" with Tagetes lucida, T. filifolia, T. micrantha, Artemisia dracunculus, Pimpinella anisum, and Illicium verum; and "matarique" with Psacalium decompositum, P. peltatum, P. sinuatum, P. sp., and Acourtia thurberi. The distribution analysis of utilization and natural occurrence of plants in each complex indicated the presence of a dominant or "label" plant whose use extended beyond its natural range and which had substitutes derived from local plants that were not registered far beyond their respective natural ranges. PMID:3613608
Linares, E; Bye, R A
19 CFR 123.65 - Domestic baggage transiting Canada or Mexico between ports in the United States.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
... false Domestic baggage transiting Canada or Mexico between ports in the United...THE TREASURY CUSTOMS RELATIONS WITH CANADA AND MEXICO Baggage § 123.65 Domestic baggage transiting Canada or Mexico between ports in the...
... false Domestic baggage transiting Canada or Mexico between ports in the United...OF THE TREASURY CBP RELATIONS WITH CANADA AND MEXICO Baggage § 123.65 Domestic baggage transiting Canada or Mexico between ports in the...
EPA Science Inventory
A gradient of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration is demonstrated across metropolitan El Paso, Texas (USA), a city located on the international border between the United States and Mexico. Integrated measurements of NO2 were collected over seven days at 20 elementary sc...
More than Clocks and Calendars: The Construction of Timekeepers by Eleven Kindergarten Children in Mexico and the United States
The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate timekeeping constructs of 4- and 5-year-old children in Campeche, Mexico, and North Carolina, United States, as well as the sociocultural conditions that shaped changes in their ideas about timekeeping (methods to mark and measure time) before, during, and after their kindergarten year.…
Hardin, Belinda J.; Jones, M. Gail; Figueras, Olimpia
International Migration and Educational Assortative Mating in Mexico and the United States
This paper examines the relationship between migration and marriage by describing how the distributions of marital statuses and assortative mating patterns vary by individual and community experiences of migration. In Mexico, migrants and those living in areas with high levels of out-migration are more likely to be in heterogamous unions. This is because migration increases the relative attractiveness of single return migrants while disproportionately reducing the number of marriageable men in local marriage markets. In the United States, the odds of homogamy are lower for migrants compared with nonmigrants; however, they do not vary depending on the volume of migration in communities. Migrants are more likely than nonmigrants to "marry up" educationally because the relatively small size of this group compels them to expand their pool of potential spouses to include nonmigrants, who tend to be better educated than they are. Among migrants, the odds of marrying outside of one's education group increase the most among the least educated. In Mexican communities with high rates of out-migration, the odds of marrying outside of one's education group are highest among those with the highest level of education. These findings suggest that migration disrupts preferences and opportunities for homogamy by changing social arrangements and normative climates.
Mare, Robert D.
New Mexico State Department of Education, Indian Education Unit, Annual Report 1972-73.
An annual report (1972-73) of New Mexico's State Department of Education, Division of Indian Education, this document presents data pertaining to 7 school districts receiving Johnson O'Malley (JOM) funds. For the purpose of providing as accurate a picture as possible of how JOM funds are used at the local level, the summaries covered 4 categories:…
New Mexico State Dept. of Education, Santa Fe. Div. of Indian Education.
Phylogeographic characteristics of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey viruses circulating in Mexico from 2005 to 2011 and their relationship to epidemics in the United States.
We analyzed the phylogenetic and time-space relationships (phylodynamics) of 181 isolates of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) causing disease in Mexico and the United States (US) from 2005 through 2012. We detail the emergence of a genetic lineage in southern Mexico causing outbreaks in central Mexico spreading into northern Mexico and eventually into the US. That emerging lineage showed higher nucleotide sequence identity (99.5%) than that observed for multiple lineages circulating concurrently in southern Mexico (96.8%). Additionally, we identified 58 isolates from Mexico that, unlike previous isolates from Mexico, grouped with northern Central America clade II viruses. This study provides the first direct evidence for the emergence and northward migration of a specific VSNJV genetic lineage from endemic areas in Mexico causing VS outbreaks in the US. In addition we document the emergence of a Central American VSNJV genetic lineage moving northward and causing outbreaks in central Mexico. PMID:24418533
Velazquez-Salinas, Lauro; Pauszek, Steven J; Zarate, Selene; Basurto-Alcantara, Francisco J; Verdugo-Rodriguez, Antonio; Perez, Andres M; Rodriguez, Luis L
Economic integration and labor flows: stage migration in farm labor markets in Mexico and the United States.
"This article examines the probable effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on migration from Mexico to the United States, disputing the view that expansion of jobs in Mexico could rapidly reduce undocumented migration. To the extent that NAFTA causes Mexican export agriculture to expand, migration to the United States will increase rather than decrease in the short run. Data collected in both California and the Mexican State of Baja California show that indigenous migrants from southern Mexico typically first undertake internal migration, which lowers the costs and risks of U.S. migration. Two features of employment in export agriculture were found to be specially significant in lowering the costs of U.S. migration: first, working in export agriculture exposes migrants to more diverse social networks and information about U.S. migration; second, agro-export employment in northern Mexico provides stable employment, albeit low-wage employment, for some members of the family close to the border (especially women and children) while allowing other members of the family to assume the risks of U.S. migration." PMID:12319621
Zabin, C; Hughes, S
Orientations to motherhood and male partner support among women in Mexico and Mexican-origin women in the United States.
Previous studies suggest that favorable pregnancy outcomes among Mexican immigrant women in the United States may be attributed to a protective sociocultural orientation, but few have explored the attitudes and values that shape Mexican women's perceptions of motherhood. This exploratory study examines orientation towards motherhood among Mexican and Mexican-origin women living in Mexico and the United States and their perceptions of their male partners' attitudes and roles. Focus groups were conducted with 60 pregnant low-income women in rural and urban communities in Mexico with high rates of migration to the US, among immigrant communities in rural and urban California and with US-born women of Mexican descent (Mexican Americans) in urban California. Notable differences were observed between women in Mexico and the US and between immigrant and Mexican American women in California as more women articulated life plans. Life plans seemed to reflect both processes of individuation and changing gender roles. While participants in Mexico largely abided by the conventional discourse on motherhood and domesticity, immigrants in California alternated between this ethos and the discourse of working mother, depending on financial resources. In contrast, Mexican American participants assumed multiple roles. These differing orientations may be linked to other factors, including fertility control, the amount and type of partner support, and stress during pregnancy. PMID:11352407
Guendelman, S; Malin, C; Herr-Harthorn, B; Vargas, P N
Gifted Law, Identification, and Programming in Mexico: An Overview for School Professionals in the United States
The demographics in the United States are rapidly changing and the school-aged population is growing at an even faster rate, particularly within the Mexican population. In 2008, 12.7 million Mexican immigrants lived in the United States which is 17 times the number in 1970. In addition, Mexican populations are younger than other U.S. populations…
Harris, Bryn; Lizardi, Patricia Sanchez
Impact on the U.S. Economy of Including the United Kingdom in a Free Trade Arrangement with the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Investigation No. 332-409.
This report begins with an overview of the current economic relationship among the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the United Kingdom (UK), including an enumeration of the existing barriers to trade and investment among those four countries. In 1998, U...
V. Chomo M. Ferrantino J. Guth H. K. Hall S. McDonough Y. Alt J. Davitt
The demographics in the United States are rapidly changing and the school-aged population is growing at an even faster rate, particularly within the Mexican population. In 2008, 12.7 million Mexican immigrants lived in the United States which is 17 times the number in 1970. In addition, Mexican populations are younger than other U.S. populations which directly impacts school systems and
Bryn Harris; Patricia Sanchez Lizardi
Development of a United States - Mexico emissions inventory for the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study
The Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study investigated the sources of haze at Big Bend National Park in southwest Texas. The modeling domain includes most of the continental United States and Mexico. The BRAVO emissions inventory was constructed from the 1999 National Emission Inventory for the United States, modified to include finer-resolution data for Texas and 13 U.S. states in close proximity. The inventory includes emissions for CO, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia, particulate matter (PM) {lt}10 {mu}m in aerodynamic diameter, and PM {lt}2.5 {mu}m in aerodynamic diameter. The SMOKE modeling system was used to generate gridded emissions fields for use with the Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition (REMSAD) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality model modified with the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization and Dissolution (CMAQ-MADRID). The compilation of the inventory, supporting model input data, and issues encountered during the development of the inventory are documented. A comparison of the BRAVO emissions inventory for Mexico with other emerging Mexican emission inventories illustrates their uncertainty. 65 refs., 4 figs., 9 tabs.
Hampden Kuhns; Eladio M. Knipping; Jeffrey M. Vukovich, [Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV (US)
The USGS at Embudo, New Mexico: 125 years of systematic streamgaging in the United States
John Wesley Powell, second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, had a vision for the Western United States. In the late 1800s, Powell explored the West as head of the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. He devoted a large part of "Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States with a more detailed account of the land of Utah with maps," his 1878 report to the General Land Office on the lands west of the 100th meridian, to the feasibility of "reclaiming" large portions of this arid land. Powell recognized that the availability of water was key to the wise settlement of the region. He proposed to inventory all streams in the West to evaluate the potential for irrigation. The essential first step was to gage the flows of the rivers and streams. A few cities in the Eastern United States had established primitive streamgages as early as the 1870s to acquire data needed for the design of their water supply systems. Their methods generally used constructed channels and dams to enable accurate gaging. These methods were not feasible in the West, and certainly not on the vast scale and extreme range of flows common to western streams. New, more flexible techniques were needed. A site was chosen where these methods could be worked out and developed in a practical setting.
Gunn, Mark A.; Matherne, Anne Marie; Mason, Robert R., Jr.
Taxonomic status of certain clapper rails of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
Examination of 58 Clapper Rail specimens taken in the breeding season from the Colorado Valley and the west coast of mainland Mexico verifies the distinctness of the races Rallus longirostris yomanensis, R. 1. rhizophorae, and R. 1. nayaritensis. Rallus 1. yumanensis is a relatively pale brown, pointed-winged, summer resident of freshwater marshes along the valley and delta of the Colorado River. Late winter specimens of yumanensis have been taken in freshwater and saltwater habitats in the Mexican states of Sinaloa and Puebla. Both R. 1. rhizophorae, a pale grayish bird, and R. 1. nayaritensis, a darker grayish form, are presumed year-round residents of the western Mexican mangrove swamps. Both have more rounded wings than yumanensis. The range of rhizophorae extends south along the coast from central Sonora to central Sinaloa, and that of nayaritensis from central Sinaloa to the vicinity of San Blas, Nayarit. Features of the range and characters of birds where the range of these two races approach each other are unclear.
Banks, R.C.; Tomlinson, R.E.
Third Phase of the Binational Study Regarding the Presence of Toxic Substances in the Upper Portion of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo between the United States and Mexico. Final Report, June 2004 (Field Data Collection Conducted November 1998).
This report is a joint document issued by the Governments of the United States and Mexico through their respective Sections of the International Boundary and Water Commission, the United States Environmental Protection Agency - Region VI, and the National...
Sources and Delivery of Nutrients to the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico from Streams in the South-Central United States.
SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were developed to estimate nutrient inputs [total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP)] to the northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico from streams in the South-Central United States (U.S.). This area included drainages of the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf hydrologic regions. The models were standardized to reflect nutrient sources and stream conditions during 2002. Model predictions of nutrient loads (mass per time) and yields (mass per area per time) generally were greatest in streams in the eastern part of the region and along reaches near the Texas and Louisiana shoreline. The Mississippi River and Atchafalaya River watersheds, which drain nearly two-thirds of the conterminous U.S., delivered the largest nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico, as expected. However, the three largest delivered TN yields were from the Trinity River/Galveston Bay, Calcasieu River, and Aransas River watersheds, while the three largest delivered TP yields were from the Calcasieu River, Mermentau River, and Trinity River/Galveston Bay watersheds. Model output indicated that the three largest sources of nitrogen from the region were atmospheric deposition (42%), commercial fertilizer (20%), and livestock manure (unconfined, 17%). The three largest sources of phosphorus were commercial fertilizer (28%), urban runoff (23%), and livestock manure (confined and unconfined, 23%). PMID:22457582
Rebich, Richard A; Houston, Natalie A; Mize, Scott V; Pearson, Daniel K; Ging, Patricia B; Evan Hornig, C
Sources and Delivery of Nutrients to the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico from Streams in the South-Central United States
SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were developed to estimate nutrient inputs [total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP)] to the northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico from streams in the South-Central United States (U.S.). This area included drainages of the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf hydrologic regions. The models were standardized to reflect nutrient sources and stream conditions during 2002. Model predictions of nutrient loads (mass per time) and yields (mass per area per time) generally were greatest in streams in the eastern part of the region and along reaches near the Texas and Louisiana shoreline. The Mississippi River and Atchafalaya River watersheds, which drain nearly two-thirds of the conterminous U.S., delivered the largest nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico, as expected. However, the three largest delivered TN yields were from the Trinity River/Galveston Bay, Calcasieu River, and Aransas River watersheds, while the three largest delivered TP yields were from the Calcasieu River, Mermentau River, and Trinity River/Galveston Bay watersheds. Model output indicated that the three largest sources of nitrogen from the region were atmospheric deposition (42%), commercial fertilizer (20%), and livestock manure (unconfined, 17%). The three largest sources of phosphorus were commercial fertilizer (28%), urban runoff (23%), and livestock manure (confined and unconfined, 23%). ?? 2011 American Water Resources Association. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Rebich, R. A.; Houston, N. A.; Mize, S. V.; Pearson, D. K.; Ging, P. B.; Evan, Hornig, C.
Gastrointestinal helminths of the Mexican duck, Anas platyrhynchos diazi Ridgway, from north central Mexico and southwestern United States.
Twenty-five species of helminths, recovered from the gastrointestinal tracts of 129 Mexican ducks from Mexico and the United States, were all new host records. The species included: Echinoparyphium recurvatum, Echinostoma revolutum, Hypoderaeum conoideum, Notocotylus attenuatus, Prosthogonimus cuneatus, Zygocotyle lunata, Anomotaenia ciliata, Cloacotaenia megalops, Diorchis bulbodes, Diorchis sp., Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, Echinocotyle rosseteri, Fimbriaria fasciolaris, Fimbriarioides sp., Hymenolepis sp. 1, Hymenolepis sp. 2, Sobolevicanthus gracilis. Corynosoma constrictum, Polymorphus minutus, Amidostomum acutum, Echinuria sp., Epomidiostomum crami, Hystrichis varispinosus, Rusguniella arctica, and Tetrameres sp. Fimbriarioides sp. occurred predominantly in ducks from south-central Chihuahua, Mexico. The distributions for the other 24 species of the helminths were not significantly different among the four collecting areas. The helminth fauna for the 32 complete specimens and 97 intestinal tracts was distributed relatively evenly among the hosts with a calculated mean evenness of 0.77 +/- 0.15 and 0.89 +/- 0.03 respectively. The parasite fauna was more similar to those of the black duck Anas rubripes Brewster of eastern North America (53%), the mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (L.) (49%), and the mottled duck, Anas fulvigula Ridgway, from Florida (45%), than to the green-winged teal, Anas crecca (L.) (36%), the gadwall, Anas strepera (L.) (30%), and the American wigeon, Anas americana Gmelin (26%), collected in the Southwest. PMID:3951061
Farias, J D; Canaris, A G
United States
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Find out everything you might need (or want) to know about the states in the U.S. Students, You have been assigned two states to research as part of our United States history studies this year. Now it is time to learn about your states! Your final project/mobile should include: 1. IMPORTANT FACTS - population - capital - area - state ...
Glover, Mrs.
The Effects of NAFTA-Driven Relocations on Organizations of the United States and Mexico.
Studies the use of relocation as a method for improving management performance. Describes the impact of manufacturing firms located in Mexico and the impact of relocations, such as the expected attributes of the new location and the use of support services. Discusses implications for employment counselors. (RJM)
Valentine, Sean
Facilitating Higher Education Collaborative Efforts Between the United States and Mexico
This study investigated the personal and organizational characteristics that facilitate collaborative efforts between U.S. and Mexican institutions of higher education (IHEs) along the U.S.-Mexico border. The importance of collaborative efforts between IHEs will only intensify as the economic, social, cultural, and political forces that shape the…
Arellano, Eduardo Casillas; Martinez, Mario C.
Cultural Transferability of Socially Responsible Leadership: Findings from the United States and Mexico
The purpose of this study was to examine similarities and differences in students' capacities for socially responsible leadership as well as significant predictors of its development at a higher education institution in Mexico as compared with US schools. Results revealed that Mexican students both entered and left college with significantly…
Dugan, John P.; Rossetti Morosini, Ana M.; Beazley, Michael R.
A Cross-cultural Investigation of Leadership in the United States and Mexico
This study reports the administration of Kouzes and Posner's (1995) Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) to 28 graduate students in educational administration at a university in the Southwest of the USA and 28 graduate students at a university in Mexico. A rationale for the importance of cross-cultural study in educational administration is presented. The results of this study indicate that the
Charles Slater; Mike Boone; Larry Price; Dyanna Martinez; Isaias Alvarez; Carlos Topete; Elia Olea
Seven New White-Winged Doves from Mexico, Central America, and Southwestern United States.
Seven new subspecies of Zenaida asiatica are described: Z. a. peninsulae of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico; Z. a. gradis of the upper Big Bend area, central western Texas; Z. a monticola chiefly of the Mexican interior plateaus and highlands; Z. a. palustr...
G. B. Saunders
Review of the Health Situation: United States-Mexico Border and Recommendations for Bilateral Cooperation.
The document reflects the first steps of what is envisioned to be a new period of expanded, mutual cooperation between the U.S. and Mexico with the assistance of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The report is a synthesis of the efforts of many...
Validating Annual Growth Bands of Deep Sea Corals from the Gulf of Mexico and Southeastern United States
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The deep-water black corals, Leiopathes sp., have the potential to be used as an archive of historical oceanographic and biochemical changes. Deep-sea corals can extend our observations of ocean dynamics and climate well beyond the onset of instrumental records. In this study we investigate different methods of determining the growth rates and age distributions of deep-water black corals (Leiopathes sp.) in the Gulf of Mexico and the southeastern Unites States. Leiopathes sp. grow in a tree-like fashion by depositing growth rings resulting in decadally resolved and perhaps annually resolved paleoceanographic records. We use radiocarbon measurements to validate annual growth bands and annual variations in iodine concentrations. Radiocarbon results from five specimens show that these animals have been growing continuously for at least the last two millennia, with growth rates ranging from 8 to 22 ?m yr-1. Results from scanning electron microscope (SEM) work to image growth rings (90x and 900x) in back-scattered electrons (BSE) mode and measure iodine by wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS). Ages were determined by the counting of growth bands by independent observes and counting of peaks of iodine and BSE measured with 1 ?m spots shoulder to shoulder across the radius of the specimen. Peaks in iodine concentration associated with the glueing regions of the growth bands are also in excellent agreement with the radiocarbon results suggesting annual ring formation. For example in one specimen from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM-JSL04-4734-BC1), the 14C derived age (670 ± 40 yrs.) was in excellent agreement with the iodine derived age of (666 ± 65 yrs.), while the BSE counts (626 ± 60 yrs.) and the visual ring counts (783 ±78 yrs.) were only in good agreement. These results indicate that at a minimum, the iodine derived ages can be used as an independent chronology. Iodine derived ages were used to determine the atmospheric 14C age which was subtracted from the measured 14C age to calculate a 14C reservoir age. In the Gulf of Mexico an average reservoir age of 324 ± 96 14C years was determined for the Viosca Knoll region but over the last 600 years reservoir ages have varied from 150 to 550 14C years. The variable reservoir ages most likely reflect changes in the strength of the Yucatan current as it invades the Gulf of Mexico. The robust radiocarbon age results also allows for the development of reliable age models that can be applied to multi-decadal paleoclimate reconstructions derived from the skeletal geochemistry and the independent annual growth band chronometers allow for the use of the radiocarbon results as tracers of ocean circulation.
Mohon, L. M.; Roark, E.; Guillemette, R. N.; Prouty, N.; Ross, S.
Empowerment and continuous improvement in the United States, Mexico, Poland, and India: Predicting fit on the basis of the dimensions of power distance and individualism
Although variations in national cultures predominate as explanations for the belief that universal approaches to management do not exist, there have been few reports of systematic studies. Data from employees of a single firm with operations in the United States, Mexico, Poland, and India were used to test the fit of empowerment and continuous improvement practices with national culture. Using
Christopher Robert; Tahira M. Probst; Joseph J. Martocchio; Fritz Drasgow; John J. Lawler
A Pilot Study for Validating a Questionnaire on Perceptions of Barriers to Upward Mobility by Women Administrators in International Schools in Mexico and the United States.
This pilot study was conducted with a sample of 25 female administrators. Fourteen of the participants are employed in Alabama public schools, while seven work in international schools in the United States, and the remaining four are administrators in international schools in Mexico. The international schools in the study are listed in the "ISS…
Berman, Barbara T.
Principal Perceptions and Student Achievement in Reading in Korea, Mexico, and the United States: Educational Leadership, School Autonomy, and Use of Test Results
This study compared PISA 2009 student reading literacy scores with principal perceptions across three countries with varying levels of student performance: Korea, Mexico, and the United States. Seventy-five countries participated in PISA 2009, which measured 15-year-old children's reading achievement and principal perceptions. The study…
Shin, Seon-Hi; Slater, Charles L.; Backhoff, Eduardo
Marine birds of the southeastern United States and Gulf of Mexico. Part II. Anseriformes
Information on the seasonal distribution and abundance of 41 species of waterfowl of the order Anseriformes that occur in the coastal southeastern United States has been compiled and mapped from the literature. In many instances this provides the first synthesis of knowledge about a species for this region. For the species we consider most important in coastal areas we also provide information on world-wide distribution, habitat, food, and various aspects of life history. This information was gathered in an attempt to assess the possible effects of offshore oil development on populations of marine birds in the southeast. The susceptibility of birds to oil depends not only on their juxtaposition in time and space, but also on currents and climatic factors and on the stage of the life or annual cycle and the behavior of the species. Contamination by oil may result in matting of the feathers with death following from chilling, starvation, and the ingestion of oil during preening. Among the birds covered by this report, the sea ducks and diving ducks are considered the most susceptible to oil pollution in the southeast. Most of the other ducks, geese, and swans covered in the report are relatively insusceptible to oil pollution because they are seldom found in areas where oiling is likely to occur. One of the conclusions reached by this report is that we know very little about the status and populations of some of the anatids that occur in the southeast. Some of these species (e.g., the scoters) are among those that may be expected to be most detrimentally affected by development of oil resources. In general, most species that are widely hunted are relatively well studied, but much is unknown of those that are not game birds.
Clapp, R.B.; Morgan-Jacobs, D.; Banks, R.C.
Halocarbon emissions from the United States and Mexico and their global warming potential.
We use recent aircraft measurements of a comprehensive suite of anthropogenic halocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and related tracers to place new constraints on North American halocarbon emissions and quantify their global warming potential. Using a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) we find that the ensemble of observations are consistent with our prior best estimate of the U.S. anthropogenic CO source, but suggest a 30% underestimate of Mexican emissions. We develop an optimized CO emission inventory on this basis and quantify halocarbon emissions from their measured enhancements relative to CO. Emissions continue for many compounds restricted under the Montreal Protocol, and we show that halocarbons make up an important fraction of the total greenhouse gas source for both countries: our best estimate is 9% (uncertainty range 6-12%) and 32% (21-52%) of equivalent CO2 emissions for the U.S. and Mexico, respectively, on a 20 year time scale. Performance of bottom-up emission inventories is variable, with underestimates for some compounds and overestimates for others. Ongoing methylchloroform emissions are significant in the U.S. (2.8 Gg/y in 2004-2006), in contrast to bottom-up estimates (< 0.05 Gg), with implications for tropospheric OH calculations. Mexican methylchloroform emissions are minor. PMID:19320157
Millet, Dylan B; Atlas, Elliot L; Blake, Donald R; Blake, Nicola J; Diskin, Glenn S; Holloway, John S; Hudman, Rynda C; Meinardi, Simone; Ryerson, Thomas B; Sachse, Glen W
Black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from vehicles in the United States-Mexico border region: pilot study.
The investigators developed a system to measure black carbon (BC) and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission factors during roadside sampling in four cities along the United States-Mexico border, Calexico/Mexicali and El Paso/Juarez. The measurement system included a photoacoustic analyzer for BC, a photoelectric aerosol sensor for particle-bound PAHs, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) analyzer. When a vehicle with measurable emissions passed the system probe, corresponding BC, PAH, and CO2 peaks were evident, and a fuel-based emission factor was estimated. A picture of each vehicle was also recorded with a digital camera. The advantage of this system, compared with other roadside methods, is the direct measurement of particulate matter components and limited interference from roadside dust. The study revealed some interesting trends: Mexican buses and all medium-duty trucks were more frequently identified as high emitters of BC and PAH than heavy-duty trucks or passenger vehicles. In addition, because of the high daily mileage of buses, they are good candidates for additional study. Mexican trucks and buses had higher average emission factors compared with U.S. trucks and buses, but the differences were not statistically significant. Few passenger vehicles had measurable BC and PAH emissions, although the highest emission factor came from an older model passenger vehicle licensed in Baja California. PMID:16573191
Kelly, Kerry; Wagner, David; Lighty, JoAnn; Quintero Núńez, Margarito; Vazquez, F Adrian; Collins, Kimberly; Barud-Zubillaga, Alberto
Maternal Education and Maternal Behaviour in Mexico: Implications for the Changing Characteristics of Mexican Immigrants to the United States
This article summarises findings of research designed to shed light on the mechanisms by which female schooling changes atttitudes to childbearing and childrearing in Mexico. The data reported come primarily from a 1987 survey in the rural Mexican town of Tilzapotla in the state of Morelos. Subsidiary data come from a later survey in 1990 and from a survey and
F. Medardo Tapia Uribe; Robert A. LeVine; Sarah E. LeVine
Preliminary United States-Mexico border watershed analysis, twin cities area of Nogales, Arizona and Nogales, Sonora
The United States - Mexico border area faces the challenge of integrating aspects of its binational physical boundaries to form a unified or, at least, compatible natural resource management plan. Specified geospatial components such as stream drainages, mineral occurrences, vegetation, wildlife, and land-use can be analyzed in terms of their overlapping impacts upon one another. Watersheds have been utilized as a basic unit in resource analysis because they contain components that are interrelated and can be viewed as a single interactive ecological system. In developing and analyzing critical regional natural resource databases, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other federal and non-governmental agencies have adopted a ?watershed by watershed? approach to dealing with such complicated issues as ecosystem health, natural resource use, urban growth, and pollutant transport within hydrologic systems. These watersheds can facilitate the delineation of both large scale and locally important hydrologic systems and urban management parameters necessary for sustainable, diversified land-use. The twin border cities area of Nogales, Sonora and Nogales, Arizona, provide the ideal setting to demonstrate the utility and application of a complete, cross-border, geographic information systems (GIS) based, watershed analysis in the characterization of a wide range of natural resource as well as urban features and their interactions. In addition to the delineation of a unified, cross-border watershed, the database contains sewer/water line locations and status, well locations, geology, hydrology, topography, soils, geomorphology, and vegetation data, as well as remotely sensed imagery. This report is preliminary and part of an ongoing project to develop a GIS database that will be widely accessible to the general public, researchers, and the local land management community with a broad range of application and utility.
Brady, Laura Margaret; Gray, Floyd; Castaneda, Mario; Bultman, Mark; Bolm, Karen Sue
Nonfuel mineral resources in the United States-Mexico border region; a progress report on information available from the Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI)
The exploitation of minerals has played a significant role in population growth and development of the U.S.Mexico border region. Recent proposed changes in regulations related to mining in the United States and changes in mining and investment regulations in Mexico have led to increased mineral exploration and development in Mexico, especially in the border region. As a preliminary step in the study of the mineral industry of this area, the Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI) of the U.S. Geological Survey has compiled mine and occurrence data for nonfuel minerals in the border region. Analysis of this information indicates that a wide variety of metallic and industrial mineral commodities are present which can be used in agriculture, infrastructure, environmental improvement, and other industries. Therefore, mining will continue to play a significant role in the economy of this region.
Orris, G. J.; Page, N. J.; Staude, J. G.; Bolm, K. S.; Carbonaro, M. M.; Gray, Floyd; Long, K. R.
The transcultural diabetes nutrition algorithm toolkit: survey and content validation in the United States, Mexico, and taiwan.
Abstract Background: Evidence demonstrates that medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) improves glycemic control and reduces diabetes risks and complications. Consequently, MNT is included in current clinical practice guidelines. Guideline recommendations, however, are frequently limited by their complexity, contradictions, personal and cultural rigidity, and compromised portability. The transcultural Diabetes Nutrition Algorithm (tDNA) was developed to overcome these limitations. To facilitate tDNA uptake and usage, an instructional Patient Algorithm Therapy (PATh) toolkit was created. Content validation of tDNA-PATh is needed before widespread implementation. Subjects and Methods: Healthcare providers (n=837) in Mexico (n=261), Taiwan (n=250), and the United States (n=326) were questioned about challenges implementing MNT in clinical practice and the projected utilization and impact of tDNA-PATh. To assess the international portability and applicability of tDNA-PATh, the survey was conducted in countries with distinct ethnic and cultural attributes. Potential respondents were screened for professional and practice demographics related to diabetes. The questionnaire was administered electronically after respondents were exposed to core tDNA-PATh components. Results: Overall, 61% of respondents thought that tDNA-PATh could help overcome MNT implementation challenges, 91% indicated positive impressions, 83% believed they would adopt tDNA-PATh, and 80% thought tDNA-PATh would be fairly easy to implement. Conclusions: tDNA-PATh appears to be an effective culturally sensitive tool to foster MNT in clinical practice. By providing simple culturally specific instructions, tDNA-PATh may help to overcome current impediments to implementing recommended lifestyle modifications. Specific guidance provided by tDNA-PATh, together with included patient education materials, may increase healthcare provider efficiency. PMID:24471559
Hamdy, Osama; Marchetti, Albert; Hegazi, Refaat A; Mechanick, Jeffrey I
State medicaid expansion, community interventions, and health care disparities in a United States-Mexico border community.
Objectives. We investigated whether access to and use of health care services increased among residents of a low-income, predominantly Mexican American border community affected by the expansion of Arizona's Medicaid program in 2001 and multiple community-level programs and policies. Methods. We used data from a probability sample of 1623 adult residents of Douglas, Arizona, who participated in cross-sectional health surveys in 1998 and 2010. Response rates were 83% and 86%, respectively. Results. In 2010, participants were more likely to have a usual source of care, to have visited a provider in the previous year, and to have been screened for diabetes and hypertension and less likely to have delayed needed care or to have seen a regular provider in Mexico (P?.001 for all outcomes). Improvements in access to and use of health care were most pronounced among residents with less than a high school education, which reduced or eliminated educational disparities in health care. Conclusions. Expansion of public insurance programs can effectively reduce health care disparities when paired with other community-level policies and programs that target medically underserved populations. PMID:24922148
Langellier, Brent A; Guernsey de Zapien, Jill; Rosales, Cecilia; Ingram, Maia; Carvajal, Scott C
Trends in nutrient inflows to the Gulf of Mexico from streams draining the conterminous United States, 1972-93
Trends are computed for nutrient inflows from 37 streams discharging into the Gulf of Mexico. The drainage areas of these streams represent about 86 percent of the drainage area to the Gulf from the conterminous United States. The period analyzed varies for each stream, but generally includes water years 1972-93. Stations included in this analysis primarily are part of the National Stream Quality Accounting Network operated by the U.S. Geological Survey. Short-term trends for each station are indicated by LOWESS smooth lines superimposed on graphs of the relations between flow-adjusted residuals of concentration and time or load and time. Long-term trends were evaluated using Kendall's tau and the slope of the Kendall-Theil robust line. Long- term trends for each station are indicated by Kendall-Theil robust lines superimposed on the aforementioned graphs. Annual loads are estimated with regression analysis and corrected for log-transformation bias with the Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator. Trends in annual streamflow are presented to aid in the interpretation of trends in nutrient inflows. Statistically significant, long-term increases in flow-adjusted residual concentrations of total nitrogen were detected at 19 stations, decreases were detected at 7 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 11 stations. Long-term increases in total nitrogen load were detected at 3 stations, decreases were detected at 4 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 30 stations. Long-term increases in flow-adjusted residual concentrations of total phosphorus were detected at 7 stations, decreases were detected at 11 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 19 stations. Long-term increases in total phosphorus load were detected at 3 stations, decreases were detected at 12 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 22 stations. The median yields (mean annual 10ad divided by drainage area) of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for the 13 streams in Texas than for the 24 streams east of the Sabine River (Texas-Louisiana boundary). Statistically significant trends in annual streamflow were detected at only four stations. However, annual streamflow influences trends in load, even when the streamflow trends are not statistically significant.
Dunn, David E.
Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources: Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations, United States Gulf of Mexico coastal plain and State waters
The Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations were assessed as part of the 2007 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment of Tertiary strata of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Basin onshore and State waters. The Frio Formation, which consists of sand-rich fluvio-deltaic systems, has been one of the largest hydrocarbon producers from the Paleogene in the Gulf of Mexico. The Anahuac Formation, an extensive transgressive marine shale overlying the Frio Formation, contains deltaic and slope sandstones in Louisiana and Texas and carbonate rocks in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. In downdip areas of the Frio and Anahuac Formations, traps associated with faulted, rollover anticlines are common. Structural traps commonly occur in combination with stratigraphic traps. Faulted salt domes in the Frio and Anahuac Formations are present in the Houston embayment of Texas and in south Louisiana. In the Frio Formation, stratigraphic traps are found in fluvial, deltaic, barrier-bar, shelf, and strandplain systems. The USGS Tertiary Assessment Team defined a single, Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System (TPS) for the Gulf Coast basin, based on previous studies and geochemical analysis of oils in the Gulf Coast basin. The primary source rocks for oil and gas within Cenozoic petroleum systems, including Frio Formation reservoirs, in the northern, onshore Gulf Coastal region consist of coal and shale rich in organic matter within the Wilcox Group (Paleocene–Eocene), with some contributions from the Sparta Sand of the Claiborne Group (Eocene). The Jurassic Smackover Formation and Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation also may have contributed substantial petroleum to Cenozoic reservoirs. Modeling studies of thermal maturity by the USGS Tertiary Assessment Team indicate that downdip portions of the basal Wilcox Group reached sufficient thermal maturity to generate hydrocarbons by early Eocene; this early maturation is the result of rapid sediment accumulation in the early Tertiary, combined with the reaction kinetic parameters used in the models. A number of studies indicate that the migration of oil and gas in the Cenozoic Gulf of Mexico basin is primarily vertical, occurring along abundant growth faults associated with sediment deposition or along faults associated with salt domes. The USGS Tertiary assessment team developed a geologic model based on recurring regional-scale structural and depositional features in Paleogene strata to define assessment units (AUs). Three general areas, as described in the model, are found in each of the Paleogene stratigraphic intervals assessed: "Stable Shelf," "Expanded Fault," and "Slope and Basin Floor" zones. On the basis of this model, three AUs for the Frio Formation were defined: (1) the Frio Stable Shelf Oil and Gas AU, containing reservoirs with a mean depth of about 4,800 feet in normally pressured intervals; (2) the Frio Expanded Fault Zone Oil and Gas AU, containing reservoirs with a mean depth of about 9,000 feet in primarily overpressured intervals; and (3) the Frio Slope and Basin Floor Gas AU, which currently has no production but has potential for deep gas resources (>15,000 feet). AUs also were defined for the Hackberry trend, which consists of a slope facies stratigraphically in the middle part of the Frio Formation, and the Anahuac Formation. The Frio Basin Margin AU, an assessment unit extending to the outcrop of the Frio (or basal Miocene), was not quantitatively assessed because of its low potential for production. Two proprietary, commercially available databases containing field and well production information were used in the assessment. Estimates of undiscovered resources for the five AUs were based on a total of 1,734 reservoirs and 586,500 wells producing from the Frio and Anahuac Formations. Estimated total mean values of technically recoverable, undiscovered resources are 172 million barrels of oil (MMBO), 9.4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas (TCFG), and 542 million barrels of natural gas liquids for all of the Frio and Anahuac AUs. Of the five units asse
Swanson, Sharon M.; Karlsen, Alexander W.; Valentine, Brett J.
Acute viral hepatitis in the United States-Mexico border region: data from the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance (BIDS) Project, 2000-2009.
Little is known about the characteristics of acute viral hepatitis cases in the United States (US)-Mexico border region. We analyzed characteristics of acute viral hepatitis cases collected from the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance Project from January 2000-December 2009. Over the study period, 1,437 acute hepatitis A, 311 acute hepatitis B, and 362 acute hepatitis C cases were reported from 5 Mexico and 2 US sites. Mexican hepatitis A cases most frequently reported close personal contact with a known case, whereas, US cases most often reported cross-border travel. Injection drug use was common among Mexican and US acute hepatitis B and C cases. Cross-border travel during the incubation period was common among acute viral hepatitis cases in both countries. Assiduous adherence to vaccination and prevention guidelines in the US is needed and strategic implementation of hepatitis vaccination and prevention programs south of the border should be considered. PMID:22447176
Spradling, Philip R; Xing, Jian; Phippard, Alba; Fonseca-Ford, Maureen; Montiel, Sonia; Guzmán, Norma Luna; Campuzano, Roberto Vázquez; Vaughan, Gilberto; Xia, Guo-liang; Drobeniuc, Jan; Kamili, Saleem; Cortés-Alcalá, Ricardo; Waterman, Stephen H
Effects of Ocean Climate on Transboundary Movement of Coastal Pelagic Resources Between the EEZs of Mexico and the United States
Interannual to multidecadal changes in ocean climate directly impact access to transboundary coastal pelagic resources between fisheries operating in U.S. and Mexican waters. This study provides a preliminary analysis of the scale of year-to-year shifts in the distribution of the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax caeruleus) with data from 2002 and 2003. One of the purposes of this initiative is to provide a template for collaborative research to guide regional policy development for responsible and sustainable utilization of the shared resource. This work is based on coordinated quarterly ocean surveys run by Mexican (the IMECOCAL program=Investigaciones Mexicanas de la Corriente de California) and U.S. scientists (the CalCOFI program=California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations) allowing us to evaluate the annual state of the pelagic ecosystem from northern California to southern Baja California. The subject of this study is the "subarctic stock" of the Pacific sardine which is centered off California in the U.S. and extends southwards to the region off central Baja California. Estimates of sardine biomass in U.S. and Mexican waters, based on the rates of egg production measured during the IMECOCAL and CalCOFI surveys of April 2002 and April 2003, show order of magnitude differences in the relative proportions of biomass in the Mexican EEZ that is associated with the contrasts in ocean climate resulting from the regional effects of El Nińo during April 2003. Results indicate a significant northward shift of the sardine stock off Mexico during 2003: we estimate that approximately 20 percent of the total biomass of the stock was located in the Mexican EEZ during spring of 2002 while the shift in ocean climate resulted in the presence of only 2 percent of the biomass of the stock in Mexican waters during April, 2003. A second, more southerly sardine stock extended from southern to central Baja California in April, 2003, but it was out of reach of the fleet operating from Ensenada in northern Baja California. These results are a warning of the vulnerability of the coastal pelagic fishery based in northern Baja California to long-term ocean warming coupled with effects of El Nińo. Depending on the magnitude of the longer-term warming and the frequency of El Nińos, there could be a persistent displacement of the Mexican portion of the subarctic sardine stock into the waters of the EEZ of the United States. However, this might be compensated somewhat by the simultaneous northward movement of the southerly stock, although this is difficult to predict now. Moreover, we do not know how the rate of production of the southerly stock and its resilience compares to that of the subarctic stock. It should also be noted that there is an increasing local demand for sardines in Baja California because of their use in mariculture operations as feed for fattening bluefin tuna in nearshore pens (for high-value export to Asia requiring that the tuna be feed on sardines to impart the desired flavor). If accessibility to the local sardine resource were to be limited by climate change, then the economy of the regional mariculture industry would surely suffer.
Baumgartner, T. R.; Garcia, J.; Sanchez, C.; Lo, N. C.; Charter, R.
Geologic Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources-Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations, United States Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain and State Waters.
The Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations were assessed as part of the 2007 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment of Tertiary strata of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Basin onshore and State waters. The Frio Formation, which consists of sand-rich fluvio-delta...
A. W. Karlsen B. J. Valentine S. M. Swanson
Using GIS to Assess Priorities of Infrastructure and Health Needs of Colonias along the United States-Mexico Border
Colonias, which are unincorporated border settlements in the United States, have emerged in rural areas without the governance and services normally provided by local government. Colonia residents live in poverty and lack adequate health care, potable water, and sanitation systems. These conditions create substantial health risks for themselves and surrounding communities. By 2001, more than 1,400 colonias were identified in
Jean W. Parcher; Delbert G. Humberson
The Impact of Physical Activity on Disability Incidence among Older Adults in Mexico and the United States
Evidence suggests that transitions among older adults towards healthy habits, such as physical activity, appear underway in developed countries such as the USA but not in developing countries such as Mexico. However, little is known about the potential benefit of physical activity in preventing disability among elders in countries at different stages of epidemiological transition. We explore the impact of physical activity on the disablement process among elders in Mexico compared to the USA. Data are from two waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study and the Health and Retirement Study. We examine the impact of exercise on the transition from no disability to ADL limitations two years later. Findings indicate that exercise is more common in the U.S. than in Mexico. There is a positive effect of exercise on negative outcomes in both countries. However, the protective effect of exercise is stronger in the U.S. than in Mexico.
Gerst, Kerstin; Michaels-Obregon, Alejandra; Wong, Rebeca
Monitoring the estuaries of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico coastlines was performed annually from 1990 to 1997 to assess ecological conditions on a regional basis for four biogeographic provinces. These province estimates - Virginian, Carolinian, West Indian, and Louisiani...
Report of the United States Section International Boundary and Water Commission. Deliveries of Waters Allotted to the United States Under Article 4 of the United States-Mexico Water Treaty of 1944.
The 1944 Water Treaty delimits the rights of the two countries with respect to the waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers, and the Rio Grande from Fort Quitman, Texas, to the Gulf of Mexico. Article 4 of the 1944 Water Treaty specified the allocation b...
Atmospheric and biospheric interactions of gases and energy in the Pacific region of the United States, Mexico, and Brazil. Forest Service general technical report
Anthropogenic activities of the past century have caused a dramatic increase in global air pollution. This process has accelerated in the past few decades, and emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, or chlorofluorocarbons caused serious changes in the earth`s climate, e.g., increased temperatures or elevated ultraviolet-B radiation. Changes in global and regional carbon and nitrogen cycles as well as changes in water resources and cycling have also taken place. The current and predicted atmospheric and biospheric interactions of gases and energy in the Pacific Region of the United States, Mexico, and Brazil are described in this document. The role and status of simulation modeling for weather predictions, production and transport of smoke from biomass burning, and air pollution uptake by forest canopies are discussed. To meet growing needs for environmentally sound forest management, priorities for research on air pollution, forest fire effects, nutrient cycling, water resources, and development of models are listed.
Bytnerowicz, A.
Empowerment and continuous improvement in the United States, Mexico, Poland, and India: predicting fit on the basis of the dimensions of power distance and individualism.
Although variations in national cultures predominate as explanation for the belief that universal approaches to management do not exist, there have been few reports of systematic studies. Data from employees of a single firm with operations in the United States, Mexico, Poland, and India were used to test the fit of empowerment and continuous improvement practices with national culture. Using the theoretical constructs of individualism-collectivism and power distance, the authors predicted that the practices would be more congruent in some cultures than in others and that value congruence would result in job satisfaction. Using structural equations modeling, the authors found that empowerment was negatively associated with satisfaction in India but positively associated in the other 3 samples. Continuous improvement was positively associated with satisfaction in all samples. Substantive, theoretical, and methodological implications are discussed. PMID:11055141
Robert, C; Probst, T M; Martocchio, J J; Drasgow, F; Lawler, J J
Distribution of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations detected in the United States along the Texas/Mexico border.
Species identification and global positioning system coordinates of infestations of cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), were determined for 790 specimens submitted to the National Veterinary Services Laboratory between 1 October 1999 and 30 September 2010. Cattle fever tick specimens obtained by personnel of the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program from infested cattle and wildlife along the Texas/ Mexico border were submitted for identification, as required by the program. A geographic information system database was developed that incorporates location, collection, and infestation records. Submitted ticks came from 11 Texas counties and were comprised of 19.5% R. (B.) annulatus and 80.5% R. (B.) microplus. Maps produced from this study locate and define the parapatric boundary between R. (B.) annulatus and R. (B.) microplus. PMID:21845935
Lohmeyer, K H; Pound, J M; May, M A; Kammlah, D M; Davey, R B
Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus in serum of seven species of insectivorous bats from Colorado and New Mexico, United States
We determined the presence of rabies-virus-neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) in serum of 721 insectivorous bats of seven species captured, sampled, and released in Colorado and New Mexico, United States in 2003-2005. A subsample of 160 bats was tested for rabies-virus RNA in saliva. We sampled little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) at two maternity roosts in Larimer County, Colorado; big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at three maternity roosts in Morgan County, Colorado; and big brown bats at five maternity roosts in Larimer County. We also sampled hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) captured while drinking or foraging over water in Bernalillo County, New Mexico and at various locations in Larimer County. Big brown bats, little brown bats, long-legged myotis (Myotis volans), long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis), and fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes) were also sampled over water in Larimer County. All species except long-eared myotis included individuals with RVNA, with prevalences ranging from 7% in adult female silver-haired bats to 32% in adult female hoary bats. None of the bats had detectable rabies-virus RNA in oropharyngeal swabs, including 51 bats of 5 species that had RVNA in serum. Antibody-positive bats were present in nine of the 10 maternity colonies sampled. These data suggest that wild bats are commonly exposed to rabies virus and develop a humoral immune response suggesting some degree of viral replication, but many infections fail to progress to clinical disease.
Bowen, Richard A.; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Shankar, Vidya; Neubaum, Melissa A.; Neubaum, Daniel J.; Rupprecht, Charles E.
Quantitative Detection of Hepatitis A Virus and Enteroviruses Near the United States-Mexico Border and Correlation with Levels of Fecal Indicator Bacteria?
For decades, untreated sewage flowing northward from Tijuana, Mexico, via the Tijuana River has adversely affected the water quality of the recreational beaches of San Diego, California. We used quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to measure the levels of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and enteroviruses in coastal waters near the United States-Mexico border and compared these levels to those of the conventional fecal indicators, Escherichia coli and enterococci. Over a 2-year period from 2003 to 2005, a total of 20 samples were assayed at two sites during both wet and dry weather: the surfzone at the mouth of the Tijuana River and the surfzone near the pier at Imperial Beach (IB), California (about 2 km north of the mouth of the Tijuana River). HAV and enterovirus were detected in 79 and 93% of the wet-weather samples, respectively. HAV concentrations in these samples ranged from 105 to 30,771 viral particles/liter, and enterovirus levels ranged from 7 to 4,417 viral particles/liter. The concentrations of HAV and enterovirus were below the limit of detection for all dry weather samples collected at IB. Regression analyses showed a significant correlation between the densities of both fecal bacterial indicators and the levels of HAV (R2 > 0.61, P < 0.0001) and enterovirus (R2 > 0.70, P < 0.0001), a finding that supports the use of conventional bacterial indicators to predict the levels of these viruses in recreational marine waters.
Gersberg, Richard M.; Rose, Michael A.; Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio; Dhar, Arun K.
Mexico-United States Relations. Report of a Wingspread Symposium (Racine, WI, March 25-27, 1979).
Members of the U.S. and Mexican media, government officials, academics, and representatives of private organizations met to discuss issues and concerns of both countries. Topics included energy, trade and development, migration, bilateral governmental relations, and the role of the press in these affairs. Mexico's oil and natural gas reserves were…
Meissner, David
Adolescent Drug Use in Mexico and among Mexican American Adolescents in the United States: Environmental Influences and Individual Characteristics.
Compares cigarette, alcohol, and illegal drug use among high school students in Baja California Norte (BCN), Mexico with Mexican American students in Los Angeles (LA), California (N=516). Demographic variables, individual characteristics, and environmental influences were considered. Reports that more BCN students used alcohol and more LA students…
Felix-Ortiz, Maria; Velazuez, Jorge A Villatoro; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Newcomb, Michael D.
An Analysis of the Education Systems in Mexico and the United States from Pre-Kinder to 12 Grade
This article provides an overview of the public school system in Mexico from early childhood to high school, and compares it with the American education system. It also identifies educational terminology and concepts unique to the Mexican system that can become possible sources of conflict and confusion for American educators. (Contains 7…
Rosado, Luis A.; Hellawell, Marisa; Zamora, Ezequiel Benedicto
Declining Return Migration from the United States to Mexico in the late-2000s Recession: A Research Note
Researchers in the U.S. and Mexico have variously asserted that return migration from the U.S. to Mexico has increased substantially, remained unchanged, or declined slightly in response to the 2008–2009 U.S. recession and fall 2008 global financial crisis. The present study addresses this debate using microdata through 2009 from a large-scale, quarterly Mexican household survey, the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE), after first validating the ENOE against return migration estimates from a specialist demographic survey, the National Survey of Demographic Dynamics (ENADID). Declines in annual return migration flows of up to a third between 2007 and 2009 were seen among the predominantly labor-migrant groups of male migrants and all 18 to 40 year old migrants with less than a college education, and a decline in total return migration was seen in the fourth quarter of 2008 (immediately after the triggering of the global financial crisis) compared to the fourth quarter of 2007.
Rendall, Michael S.; Brownell, Peter; Kups, Sarah
Monitoring Colonias Development along the United States-Mexico Border: A Process Application using GIS and Remote Sensing in Douglas, Arizona, and Agua Prieta, Sonora
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have developed a joint project to create Internet-enabled geographic information systems (GIS) that will help cities along the United States-Mexico border deal with issues related to colonias. HUD defines colonias as rural neighborhoods in the United States-Mexico border region that lack adequate infrastructure or housing and other basic services. They typically have high poverty rates that make it difficult for residents to pay for roads, sanitary water and sewer systems, decent housing, street lighting, and other services through assessment. Many Federal agencies recognize colonias designations and provide funding assistance. It is the intention of this project to empower Arizona-Sonora borderland neighborhoods and community members by recognizing them as colonias. This recognition will result in eligibility for available economic subsidies and accessibility to geospatial tools and information for urban planning. The steps to achieve this goal include delineation of colonia-like neighborhoods, identification of their urbanization over time, development of geospatial databases describing their infrastructure, and establishment of a framework for distributing Web-based GIS decision support systems. A combination of imagery and infrastructure information was used to help delineate colonia boundaries. A land-use change analysis, focused on urbanization in the cities over a 30-year timeframe, was implemented. The results of this project are being served over the Internet, providing data to the public as well as to participating agencies. One of the initial study areas for this project was the City of Douglas, Ariz., and its Mexican sister-city Agua Prieta, Sonora, which are described herein. Because of its location on the border, this twin-cities area is especially well suited to international manufacturing and commerce, which has, in turn, led to an uncontrolled spread of colonias. The USGS worked with local organizations in developing the Web-based GIS database. Community involvement ensured that the database and map server would meet the current and long-term needs of the communities and end users. Partners include Federal agencies, State agencies, county officials, town representatives, universities, and youth organizations, as well as interested local advocacy groups and individuals. A significant component of this project was development of relationships and partnerships in the border towns for facilitating binational approaches to land management.
Norman, Laura M.; Donelson, Angela J.; Pfeifer, Edwin L.; Lam, Alven H.; Osborn, Kenneth J.
19 CFR 123.18 - Equipment and materials for constructing bridges or tunnels between the United States and Canada...
...or tunnels between the United States and Canada or Mexico. 123.18 Section 123...DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CBP RELATIONS WITH CANADA AND MEXICO International Traffic ...or tunnels between the United States and Canada or Mexico. (a) Admission of...
[The new configuration of migratory exchanges between Mexico and the United States: the case of mid-sized cities in the state of Jalisco].
"Migration between the urban areas of the State of Jalisco and the United States has undergone profound transformations in the last twenty years. These are apparent in the recent decrease of the flow of first time migrants and the migration balance; the growing participation of women in this flow; and in the diversity of activities carried out by the migrants, both in their place of origin and in the United States.... Migration is translated by an important transfer of currency, mostly used for the support of the families of the migrants; by a shift in the activities of the migrants, from wages towards different forms of self-employment; and by the sway of the primary and secondary sectors of economy towards the tertiary sector, once the migrants reinstall themselves in their cities of origin." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA) PMID:12291048
Papail, J; Arroyo, J
Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States : Central states : Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana
The growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has highlighted the need for regional and national digital geologic maps attributed with age and lithology information. Such maps can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for purposes including mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, and environmental research. This Open-File Report is a preliminary version of part of a series of integrated state geologic map databases that cover the entire United States. The only national-scale digital geologic maps that portray most or all of the United States for the conterminous U.S. are the digital version of the King and Beikman (1974a, b) map at a scale of 1:2,500,000, as digitized by Schruben and others (1994) and the digital version of the Geologic Map of North America (Reed and others, 2005a, b) compiled at a scale of 1:5,000,000 which is currently being prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey. The present series of maps is intended to provide the next step in increased detail. State geologic maps that range in scale from 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000 are available for most of the country, and digital versions of these state maps are the basis of this product. In a few cases, new digital compilations were prepared (e.g. OH, SC, SD) or existing paper maps were digitized (e.g. KY, TX). For Alaska and Hawaii, new regional maps are being compiled and ultimately new state maps will be produced. The digital geologic maps are presented in standardized formats as ARC/INFO (.e00) export files and as ArcView shape (.shp) files. Accompanying these spatial databases are a set of five supplemental data tables that relate the map units to detailed lithologic and age information. The maps for the CONUS have been fitted to a common set of state boundaries based on the 1:100,000 topographic map series of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). When the individual state maps are merged, the combined attribute tables can be used directly with the merged maps to make derivative maps. No attempt has been made to reconcile differences in mapped geology across state lines. This is the first version of this product and it will be subsequently updated to include four additional states (North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa)
Stoeser, Douglas B.; Green, Gregory N.; Morath, Laurie C.; Heran, William D.; Wilson, Anna B.; Moore, David W.; Van Gosen, Bradley S.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes and sexual violence among female sex workers who inject drugs on the United States-Mexico border.
This study examines the prevalence of miscarriage/stillbirth among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) and measures its associations with physical and sexual violence. Baseline data from 582 FSW-IDUs enrolled in an HIV intervention study in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico were used for current analyses. 30% of participants had experienced at least one miscarriage/stillbirth, 51% had experienced sexual violence, and 49% had experienced physical violence. History of miscarriage/stillbirth was associated with sexual violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7, p = .02) but not physical violence. Additional reproductive risks associated with miscarriage/stillbirth included high numbers of male clients in the previous month (aOR = 1.1 per 30 clients, p = 0.04), history of abortion (aOR = 3.7, p < .001), and higher number of pregnancies (aOR = 1.4 per additional pregnancy, p < .001). Programs and research with this population should integrate reproductive health and consider gender-based violence. PMID:23862312
McDougal, Lotus; Strathdee, Steffanie A; Rangel, Gudelia; Martinez, Gustavo; Vera, Alicia; Sirotin, Nicole; Stockman, Jamila K; Ulibarri, Monica D; Raj, Anita
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This true-color image of Mexico was acquired by the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), flying aboard NASA's Terra spacecraft. In areal extent, Mexico is the third largest country on the continent of North America (not counting Greenland, which is a province of Denmark), comprised of almost 2 million square kilometers (756,000 square miles) of land. Home to roughly 100 million people, Mexico is second only to the United States in population, making it the world's largest Spanish-speaking nation. To the north, Mexico shares its border with the United States-a line that runs some 3,100 kilometers (1,900 miles) east to west. About half of this border is defined by the Rio Grande River, which runs southeast to the Gulf of Mexico (partially obscured by clouds in this image) and marks the dividing line between Texas and Mexico. Toward the upper left (northwest) corner of this image is the Baja California peninsula, which provides the western land boundary for the Gulf of California. Toward the northwestern side of the Mexican mainland, you can see the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains (brownish pixels) running southeast toward Lake Chapala and the city of Guadalajara. About 400 km (250 miles) east and slightly south of Lake Chapala is the capital, Mexico City. Extending northward from Mexico City is the Sierra Madre Oriental Mountains, the irregular line of brownish pixels that seem to frame the western edges of the bright white cumulus clouds in this image. Between these two large mountain ranges is a large, relatively dry highland region. To the south, Mexico shares borders with Guatemala and Belize, both of which are located south of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. Image courtesy Reto Stockli, Brian Montgomery, and Robert Simmon, based on data from the MODIS Science Team
Evaluating the impact of Mexico's drug policy reforms on people who inject drugs in Tijuana, B.C., Mexico, and San Diego, CA, United States: a binational mixed methods research agenda
Background Policymakers and researchers seek answers to how liberalized drug policies affect people who inject drugs (PWID). In response to concerns about the failing "war on drugs," Mexico recently implemented drug policy reforms that partially decriminalized possession of small amounts of drugs for personal use while promoting drug treatment. Recognizing important epidemiologic, policy, and socioeconomic differences between the United States—where possession of any psychoactive drugs without a prescription remains illegal—and Mexico—where possession of small quantities for personal use was partially decriminalized, we sought to assess changes over time in knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and infectious disease profiles among PWID in the adjacent border cities of San Diego, CA, USA, and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Methods Based on extensive binational experience and collaboration, from 2012–2014 we initiated two parallel, prospective, mixed methods studies: Proyecto El Cuete IV in Tijuana (n?=?785) and the STAHR II Study in San Diego (n?=?575). Methods for sampling, recruitment, and data collection were designed to be compatible in both studies. All participants completed quantitative behavioral and geographic assessments and serological testing (HIV in both studies; hepatitis C virus and tuberculosis in STAHR II) at baseline and four semi-annual follow-up visits. Between follow-up assessment visits, subsets of participants completed qualitative interviews to explore contextual factors relating to study aims and other emergent phenomena. Planned analyses include descriptive and inferential statistics for quantitative data, content analysis and other mixed-methods approaches for qualitative data, and phylogenetic analysis of HIV-positive samples to understand cross-border transmission dynamics. Results Investigators and research staff shared preliminary findings across studies to provide feedback on instruments and insights regarding local phenomena. As a result, recruitment and data collection procedures have been implemented successfully, demonstrating the importance of binational collaboration in evaluating the impact of structural-level drug policy reforms on the behaviors, health, and wellbeing of PWID across an international border. Conclusions Our prospective, mixed methods approach allows each study to be responsive to emerging phenomena within local contexts while regular collaboration promotes sharing insights across studies. The strengths and limitations of this approach may serve as a guide for other evaluations of harm reduction policies internationally.
CVLC: United States Geography
What are the major rivers, mountain ranges, and plains of the United States? Follow the directions in each section carefully to fill in and label a blank map of the United States. You will use only one map. Or in other words complete each section on the same map. 1. Mountain Ranges of the United States With ...
Cross-national differences in clinically significant cannabis problems: epidemiologic evidence from 'cannabis-only' smokers in the United States, Mexico, and Colombia
Background Epidemiological studies show wide variability in the occurrence of cannabis smoking and related disorders across countries. This study aims to estimate cross-national variation in cannabis users' experience of clinically significant cannabis-related problems in three countries of the Americas, with a focus on cannabis users who may have tried alcohol or tobacco, but who have not used cocaine, heroin, LSD, or other internationally regulated drugs. Methods Data are from the World Mental Health Surveys Initiative and the National Latino and Asian American Study, with probability samples in Mexico (n = 4426), Colombia (n = 5,782) and the United States (USA; n = 8,228). The samples included 212 'cannabis only' users in Mexico, 260 in Colombia and 1,724 in the USA. Conditional GLM with GEE and 'exact' methods were used to estimate variation in the occurrence of clinically significant problems in cannabis only (CO) users across these surveyed populations. Results The experience of cannabis-related problems was quite infrequent among CO users in these countries, with weighted frequencies ranging from 1% to 5% across survey populations, and with no appreciable cross-national variation in general. CO users in Colombia proved to be an exception. As compared to CO users in the USA, the Colombia smokers were more likely to have experienced cannabis-associated 'social problems' (odds ratio, OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.4, 6.3; p = 0.004) and 'legal problems' (OR = 9.7; 95% CI = 2.7, 35.2; p = 0.001). Conclusions This study's most remarkable finding may be the similarity in occurrence of cannabis-related problems in this cross-national comparison within the Americas. Wide cross-national variations in estimated population-level cumulative incidence of cannabis use disorders may be traced to large differences in cannabis smoking prevalence, rather than qualitative differences in cannabis experiences. More research is needed to identify conditions that might make cannabis-related social and legal problems more frequent in Colombia than in the USA.
77 FR 18296 - Notice of U.S. Hosting of 2012-2013 United States-Mexico Binational Bridges and Border Crossings...
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...meetings, please provide your name and email address to the Office of Mexican Affairs' Border Affairs Unit via email at email@example.com or...Affairs Unit at 202-647-1202 or via email at...
Reported Historic Asbestos Mines, Historic Asbestos Prospects, and Natural Asbestos Occurrences in the Rocky Mountain States of the United States (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming)
This map and its accompanying dataset provide information for 48 natural asbestos occurrences in the Rocky Mountain States of the United States (U.S.), using descriptions found in the geologic literature. Data on location, mineralogy, geology, and relevant literature for each asbestos site are provided. Using the map and digital data in this report, the user can examine the distribution of previously reported asbestos occurrences and their geological characteristics in the Rocky Mountain States. This report is part of an ongoing study by the U.S. Geological Survey to identify and map reported natural asbestos occurrences in the U.S., which thus far includes similar maps and datasets of natural asbestos occurrences within the Eastern U.S. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1189/) and the Central U.S. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1211/). These reports are intended to provide State and local government agencies and other stakeholders with geologic information on natural occurrences of asbestos in the U.S.
Van Gosen, Bradley S.
United States-Mexican relations: Between conflict and cooperation
The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the causes of conflict and cooperation between Mexico and the United States. The dissertation uses the case-study approach methodology. Three case studies are presented: NAFTA, drug trafficking, and immigration. NAFTA represents a singular scheme of cooperation between Mexico and the United States, the drug trafficking issue best exemplifies a simultaneous pattern of
Rafael Velazquez Flores
Morphological variation in glochidia shells of six species of Elliptio from Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast drainages in the southeastern United States
The genus Elliptio, with 36 currently recognized species, is the largest genus in the family Unionidae in North America. The genus is represented by two species, Elliptio crassidens and E. dilatata, in the Interior Basin and 34 species in drainages of the eastern Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast. The paucity and variation of conchological characters in the genus Elliptio makes it extremely difficult to define species and determine relationships. We examined glochidia from six species of Elliptio in an effort to determine if there are useful characteristics for species level identification and/or characters for identification of species groups. Elliptio species were selected to represent different morphological groups from four drainages in the southeastern United States. The glochidia from E. crassidens, E. dariensis, E. hopetonensis, E. icterina, E. shepardiana, and E. mcmichaeli were qualitatively compared, using scanning electron microscopy, with each other and with descriptions of these and other Elliptio glochidia described in the literature. Two groups were identified. The crassidens group, including E. crassidens, E. dariensis, and E. mcmichaeli, had subtriangular glochidia with a triangular styliform hook extending from the ventral margin of the valve and rough exterior valve sculpturing. Adults of this group had wrinkled or corrugated sculpturing on the posterior slope of the shell. The complanata group, including E. hopetonensis, E. icterina, and E. shepardiana, had subelliptical glochidia with a broad flange extending the entire ventral margin and loose-looped exterior valve sculpturing. Adults of this group lack sculpturing on the posterior slope of the shell. Differences in glochidial morphometrics were found, however, additional work is needed to determine if they are reliable for species level identification.
O'Brien, C. A.; Williams, J. D.; Hoggarth, M. A.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among the Mexican American Population in the Texas-Mexico Border Region, by Age and Length of Residence in United States
Introduction Although the relationship between health behaviors and outcomes such as smoking and obesity with longer residence in the United States among Mexican American immigrants is established, the relationship between length of residency in the United States and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between immigrant status, length of residence in the United States, age, and CVD markers in a sample of Mexican American adults living in Brownsville, Texas. Methods We categorized participants in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort study as immigrants in the United States for 10 years or less, immigrants in the United States for more than 10 years, or born in the United States. We conducted logistic and ordinary least squares regression for self-reported chronic conditions and CVD biomarkers. Results We found bivariate differences in the prevalence of self-reported conditions and 1 CVD biomarker (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) by length of residence in the middle (41–64 y) and younger (18–40 y) age groups. After adjusting for covariates, the following varied significantly by immigrant status: stroke and high cholesterol (self-reported conditions) and diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (CVD biomarkers). Conclusion The association between immigrant status, length of residence in the United States, and CVD markers varied. The effect of length of residence in the United States or immigrant status may depend on age and may be most influential in middle or older age.
Abdelbary, Bassent; Rentfro, Anne; Fisher-Hoch, Susan; McCormick, Joseph
United States Earthquakes, 1978.
This publication describes all earthquakes that were reported felt in the United States and nearby territories in 1978. The publication is composed of four major chapters: 'Earthquake Descriptions,' which includes a summary of macroseismic data reported f...
C. W. Stover C. A. Hake
United States Earthquakes, 1979.
This publication describes all earthquakes that were reported felt in the United States and nearby territories in 1979. The publication is composed of four major chapters: 'Earthquake Descriptions,' which includes a summary of macroseismic data reported f...
C. W. Stover C. A. von Hake
United States Earthquakes, 1977.
This publication describes all earthquakes that were reported felt in the United States and nearby territories in 1977. The publication is composed of three major chapters: 'Earthquake Descriptions,' which includes a chronological list of earthquakes by s...
J. L. Coffman C. W. Stover
United States Earthquakes, 1976.
All earthquakes that occurred in the United States and nearby territories in 1976 are described. The purpose is to provide a continuous history of U.S. earthquakes for studying seismic risk, evaluating nuclear powerplant sites, designing earthquake-resist...
United States Code
Every six years, the Office of the Law Revision Counsel, US House of Representatives, publishes the United States Code, the "codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States." The first seven titles of the 2000 code have been made available this month at GPO Access. The code can be browsed and searched, and search results include citations plus links to the full text of the legislation.
[The remittances in U.S. dollars that Mexican migrants send home from the United States (a study based on data from the Survey of Migration in the Northern Frontier Region of Mexico)].
The difficulties in obtaining reliable data on remittances to Mexico by Mexican immigrants in the United States are first outlined. An analysis of such remittances is then attempted using data from a recent survey, the Encuesta sobre Migracion en la Frontera Norte. Data from this survey are used to analyze several aspects of remittances "such as the direct determination of the amount of the remittances and the identification of the immigrants that send them according to their social and demographic features, and the location of Mexican zones where the remittances arrive, [and] the variations in the amount and frequency of the remittances among the different groups of immigrants." (EXCERPT) PMID:12349183
Corona Vasquez, R
Colima Volcano, State of Jalisco, Mexico
Located about 125 km south of Guadalajara, state of Jalisco, Mexico, the 13,325 ft. Colima (19.5N, 103.5W) is the most active volcano in Mexico. The activity depicted occurred in early March 1991 with avalanches followed soon after by lava extrusion with ash and steam emission from the caldera. The steam plume can be seen drifting eastward from the summit and groundscars from the earlier avalanches can also be seen on the southwest slope.
United States Travel Challenge
Find out everything you might need (or want) to know about the states in the U.S. Students, You have been assigned two states to research as part of our United States history studies this year. Your task is to create a brochure or video that will entice people to come to your school. We will be presenting these to another grade level. Those students ...
19 CFR 123.42 - Truck shipments transiting the United States.
...DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CBP RELATIONS WITH CANADA AND MEXICO United States and Canada In-Transit Truck Procedures § 123.42 ...transiting the United States from point to point in Canada will be manifested on United...
Seroprevalence of select bloodborne pathogens and associated risk behaviors among injection drug users in the Paso del Norte region of the United States - Mexico border
Background The region situated where the borders of Mexico, Texas and New Mexico meet is known as 'Paso del Norte'. The Paso del Norte Collaborative was formed to study the seroprevalence of select pathogens and associated risk behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs) in the region. Methods Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used: 459 IDU participants included 204 from Mexico; 155 from Texas; and 100 from New Mexico. Each of the three sites used a standardized questionnaire that was verbally administered and testing was performed for select bloodborne infections. Results Participants were mostly male (87.4%) and Hispanic/Latino (84.7%) whose median age was 38. In Mexico, Texas and New Mexico, respectively: hepatitis B virus (HBV) was seen in 88.3%, 48.6% and 59.6% of participants; hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 98.7%, 76.4% and 80.0%; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 2.1%, 10.0% and 1.0%; and syphilis in 4.0%, 9.9% and 3.0%. Heroin was the drug injected most often. More IDUs in New Mexico were aware of and used needle exchange programs compared with Texas and Mexico. Conclusion There was mixed success using RDS: it was more successfully applied after establishing good working relationships with IDU populations. Study findings included similarities and distinctions between the three sites that will be used to inform prevention interventions.
Baumbach, Joan P; Foster, Lily N; Mueller, Mark; Cruz, Michelle Firestone; Arbona, Sonia; Melville, Sharon; Ramos, Rebeca; Strathdee, Steffanie A
Health, United States, 1978.
Health, United States, 1978 is the third annual report on the health status of the Nation submitted by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to the President and Congress. It was jointly compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics and ...
75 FR 18238 - United States Section; Final Environmental Impact Statement, Flood Control Improvements and...
...INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO United...States Section, International Boundary and Water Commission (USIBWC) Presidio Flood Control...States Section, International Boundary and Water Commission. ACTION: Notice of...
Deaths from motor-vehicle-related unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning--Colorado, 1996, New Mexico, 1980-1995, and United States, 1979-1992.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas that is a product of incomplete combustion. Motor vehicles, heaters, and appliances that use carbon-based fuels are the main sources of this poison. Most fatal unintentional CO poisonings associated with motor vehicles are preventable and can result from differing mechanisms of exposure; 1) operation of a motor vehicle with a damaged or malfunctioning exhaust system and an inadequately ventilated passenger compartment, 2) operation of a motor vehicle in an enclosed space (e.g., a garage) with inadequate ventilation, and 3) use of auxiliary fuel-burning heaters inside a passenger compartment or in a camper. This report describes the investigation of deaths associated with multiple motor-vehicle-related CO poisonings in Colorado on November 3, 1996, summarizes a review of such deaths in New Mexico during 1980-1995, and presents geographic and seasonal patterns in national death rates for 1979-1992. These findings indicate that deaths from motor-vehicle-related unintentional CO poisonings increase during winter months and that death rates from CO poisoning in stationary motor vehicles are highest in states with colder average winter temperatures. PMID:8965803
Regions of the United States
What influences where people live in the United States? Essential Concepts and/or Skills from the IOWA CORE can be found: Link for IOWA CORE What are your guiding questions? Use the following resources to get to know the states in the particular regions of the USA 50 States Practice Regions of the United States Teacherfirst 50 states Map and Facts of the United States United States HIstory Link ...
Evans, Ms.
The Occurrence of the Rat Lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, in Nonindigenous Snails in the Gulf of Mexico Region of the United States
Nonindigenous apple snails, Pomacea maculata (formerly Pomacea insularum), are currently spreading rapidly through the southeastern United States. This mollusk serves as an intermediate host of the rat lungworm parasite (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), which can cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans who consume infected mollusks. A PCR-based detection assay was used to test nonindigenous apple snails for the rat lungworm parasite in Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, and Florida. Only apple snails obtained from the New Orleans, Louisiana, area tested positive for the parasite. These results provide the first evidence that Angiostrongylus cantonensis does occur in nonindigenous apple snails in the southeastern United States. Additionally, Angiostrongylus cantonensis was identified in the terrestrial species Achatina fulica in Miami, Florida, indicating that rat lungworm is now established in Florida as well as Louisiana. Although the study suggests that the rat lungworm is not widespread in the Gulf States region, the infected snail population could still pose a risk to human health and facilitate the spread of the parasite to new areas.
Qvarnstrom, Yvonne; Bishop, Henry S; da Silva, Alexandre J; Carter, Jacoby; White-Mclean, Jodi; Smith, Trevor
The occurrence of the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, in nonindigenous snails in the Gulf of Mexico region of the United States.
Nonindigenous apple snails, Pomacea maculata (formerly Pomacea insularum), are currently spreading rapidly through the southeastern United States. This mollusk serves as an intermediate host of the rat lungworm parasite (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), which can cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans who consume infected mollusks. A PCR-based detection assay was used to test nonindigenous apple snails for the rat lungworm parasite in Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, and Florida. Only apple snails obtained from the New Orleans, Louisiana, area tested positive for the parasite. These results provide the first evidence that Angiostrongylus cantonensis does occur in nonindigenous apple snails in the southeastern United States. Additionally, Angiostrongylus cantonensis was identified in the terrestrial species Achatina fulica in Miami, Florida, indicating that rat lungworm is now established in Florida as well as Louisiana. Although the study suggests that the rat lungworm is not widespread in the Gulf States region, the infected snail population could still pose a risk to human health and facilitate the spread of the parasite to new areas. PMID:23901374
Teem, John L; Qvarnstrom, Yvonne; Bishop, Henry S; da Silva, Alexandre J; Carter, Jacoby; White-McLean, Jodi; Smith, Trevor
Rio Arriba County Strategy To Combat Heroin Addiction. Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session. Special Hearing (Espanola, New Mexico, March 30, 1999).
At an Espanola (New Mexico) hearing, the Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies of the Senate Committee on Appropriations heard testimony on heroin addiction and intervention efforts in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. An opening statement of Senator Pete Domenici outlined the problem of an epidemic of…
Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Appropriations.
Recueil des legislations linguistiques dans le monde. Tome VI: La Colombie, les Etats-Unis, le Mexique, Porto Rico at les traites internationaux (Record of World Language-Related Legislation. Volume VI: Colombia, the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and International Treaties).
The volume is one of a series of six listing language-related legislation around the world. It contains the texts, in French, of laws of Colombia, the United States federal and some state governments (California, Florida, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, and New York), Mexico, and Puerto Rico, and those relating to international…
Leclerc, Jacques, Ed.; Maurais, Jacques, Ed.
United States and Four Latin American Countries Partner to Battle Cancer
The United States National Cancer Institute formalized bilateral partnerships this week with the governments of Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Uruguay, to accelerate progress against cancer in Hispanic populations in the United States and Latin America and improve cancer research.
The Farmington Report: A Conflict of Cultures. A Report of the New Mexico Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights.....
In response to numerous complaints from Navajo leaders, the New Mexico Advisory Committee undertook this study of the complex social and economic relationships that bind the city of Farmington and the Navajo Reservation. This report examines issues relating to community attitudes; the administration of justice; provisions of health and medical…
Chin, Laura, Ed.; And Others
Challenges of Cultural and Racial Diversity to Counseling: Volume 2. Latin America and the United States. Mexico City Conference Proceedings (June 1990).
Papers from the second international conference of the American Counseling Association held in Mexico City in June 1990 are included in this book. The book is divided into four parts: community, diversity, communication, and spirituality. The following papers are included: (1) Myths, Realities, and Implications of the English Only Movement in the…
Gonzalez, Gerardo M., Ed.; and Others
Soil-borne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in El Paso, Texas: Analysis of a potential problem in the United States/Mexico border region
Ultrasonic extraction followed by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) and thermal desorption inline coupled with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (TD/GC/MS)was used to perform a comprehensive determination of soil-borne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in El Paso, Texas. The method provided good sensitivity and faster processing time for the analysis. The total PAHs in El Paso soil ranged from 0.1 to 2225.5 µg kg?1. Although the majority of PAH concentrations did not exceed the soil screening levels regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the existence of PAHs in this ecosystem is ubiquitous. Naphthalene were found in 100% of the soil samples; while the heavy PAHs (five- and six-ring) were not often detected and mostly remained in closer proximity to industrial areas and major traffic points. The results ruled out the possibility of petroleum refining as the significant source of local soil-borne PAH contamination, but they suggested that the PAHs found in El Paso soil were closely linked to human activities and possible other industrial processes.
De La Torre-Roche, Roberto J.; Lee, Wen-Yee; Campos-Diaz, Sandra I.
United States v. Jacobson.
Court Decision: 785 Federal Supplement; 1992 Jan 9 (date of decision). The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia granted in part the Government's motion to protect the true identities of parents and children involved in a criminal fraud case against a doctor accused of using his own sperm in the artificial insemination of his patients. Dr. Cecil B. Jacobson represented that the female patients would be inseminated with sperm from an anonymous donor. The Government alleged that the doctor used his own sperm to inseminate the patients. The District Court decided that significant psychological harm may result to the children if the parents' true identities were disclosed in an open court. In order to safeguard the children's well-being, "information regarding their paternity should be revealed to them in a careful manner and directed by their parents." Rather than close the courtroom, the District Court balanced a First Amendment and common law interest in openness and narrowly tailored measures to protect parent and child privacy. The court permitted the parent witnesses to use pseudonyms, excluded sketch artists from the courtroom, sealed judicial documents containing identifying information regarding the parents or children, and redacted all identifying information from copies of the sealed documents in the public file. PMID:16372436
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, on 9 January 1992, granted in part the Government's motion to protect the true identities of parents and children involved in a criminal fraud case against a doctor accused of using his own sperm in the artificial insemination of his patients. Dr. Cecil B. Jacobson represented that the female patients would be inseminated with sperm from an anonymous donor. The Government alleged that the doctor used his own sperm to inseminate the patients. The District Court decided that significant psychological harm may result to the children if the parents' true identities were disclosed in an open court. In order to safeguard the children's well-being, "information regarding their paternity should be revealed to them in a careful manner and directed by their parents." Rather than close the courtroom, the District Court balanced a First Amendment and common law interest in openness and narrowly tailored measures to protect parent and child privacy. The court permitted the parent witnesses to use pseudonyms, excluded sketch artists from the courtroom, sealed judicial documents containing identifying information regarding the parents or children, and redacted all identifying information from copies of the sealed documents in the public file. PMID:16285101
Status of the peregrine falcon in the Rocky Mountains and the southwestern United States, Baja California, and Mexico (south of Texas)
About 31 pairs of peregrines still nest north of Mexico, from Idaho and Montana south through West Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. At least thirty-six additional pairs nest in Mexico. Although the nesting sites are occupied, the tissues of the peregrine?s prey species still contain high concentrations of pesticides. The eggs in some Rocky Mountain eyries have shells which are precariously thin and have high residue levels of DDE in their contents. Increasing economic development is encroaching on the peregrine habitat throughout its range in western North America. In Baja California. and Mexico south of Texas this involves increased agricultural activity including use of organochlorine pesticides, increased tourism and increased use of the Gulf of California both for commercial and sport fishing, with their potential disturbance of eyrie sites and reduction of the peregrine?s aquatic feeding prey base. As the fish in the Gulf decrease in number, some of the avian species on which peregrines prey will likewise decrease. This ultimately may effect the peregrine. These factors may have been involved in the demise of the peregrine on Baja California?s Pacific coast. Furthermore, throughout its range, residential, industrial, mining, geothermal, recreational and other types of development and land use practices sometimes destroy habitat essential to the survival of the peregrine. A recent request for the protection of an historical site in California as Critical Habitat under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act was rejected because peregrines, although observed there, were not known to have produced eggs or young at the site for several decades. With inadequate protection of abandoned, but still suitable, historical eyrie sites, the peregrine may have an insufficient number of eyries to reoccupy in recovery attempts. The lack of present occupancy of a site, without biological evidence that the site is no longer suitable for reoccupancy, is insufficient cause to give up the site to the pressures of development. Since destruction of habitat is forever, preservation of this essential habitat is of utmost importance to the survival of the species. On the other hand, we must not allow the peregrine, or other of the endangered species, to be used as levers for the sole purpose of restricting economic development. When an impasse between the two does occur, our defense of the endangered species must be justified on sound biological evidence if the Endangered Species Act of 1973 is to survive. The formation of the recovery teams, the development of recovery plans, and the success of captive breeding and reintroduction projects are all on the plus side of the ledger for the peregrine. They suggest optimism for the future of the peregrine, providing use of DDT is restricted both north and south of our southern border, and a sufficient number of the still suitable inactive eyrie sites are preserved to effect recovery. We need to categorize all active and inactive sites on the basis of quality and/or suitability for reoccupancy and preserve those required for the recovery of the species. Categorizing inactive eyries as to suitability for reoccupancy will provide land management agencies information badly needed for critical value judgements affecting the future of the peregrine falcon in the West.
Porter, R.D.; Craig, G.R.; Ellis, D.H.; Enderson, J.H.; Hunt, W.G.
The Effects of the Gulf of California SSTs on Warm-Season Rainfall in the Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico: A Regional Model Study.
The impacts of the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the northern Gulf of California (GC) on warm-season rainfall in the Arizona New Mexico (AZNM) and the northwestern Mexico (NWM) regions associated with the North American monsoon (NAM) are examined from two sets of seasonal simulations in which different SSTs were prescribed in the GC. The simulations reproduced important features in the low-level mesoscale circulations and upper air fields around the time of monsoon rainfall onset in AZNM such as sea-breeze-like diurnal variations in the low-level winds between the GC and the land, development of south-southeasterly winds over the GC and the western slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental after the onset of rainfall, and the strengthening of the 500-hPa high over AZNM around the onset of monsoon rainfall in AZNM.The simulated temporal variations in the upper air fields and daily rainfall, as well as the mesoscale circulation around the GC, suggest that the GC SSTs affect the water cycle around the GC mainly by altering mesoscale circulation and water vapor fluxes, but they have minimal impacts on the onset timing of monsoon rainfall in NWM and AZNM. With higher SSTs in the NGC, rainfall in NWM and AZNM increases in response to enhanced water vapor fluxes from the GC into the land. The enhanced onshore component of the low-level water vapor fluxes from the GC with higher GC SSTs results from two opposing effects: weakened sea-breeze-like circulation between the GC and the surrounding lands that tends to reduce the water vapor fluxes from the GC, and increased evaporation from the GC that tends to increase the water vapor fluxes. The simulations also suggest that the development of south-southeasterly low-level winds over the GC after monsoon rainfall onset plays an important role in enhancing rainfall as longer fetches over the GC can provide more water vapor into the low atmosphere.
Kim, Jinwon; Kim, Jongyoun; Farrara, John D.; Roads, John O.
A population-based study of first and second-line drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high-burden area of the Mexico/United States border
The resistance of 139 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from the city of Monterrey, Northeast Mexico, to first and second-line anti-TB drugs was analysed. A total of 73 isolates were susceptible and 66 were resistant to anti-TB drugs. Monoresistance to streptomycin, isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol was observed in 29 cases. Resistance to INH was found in 52 cases and in 29 cases INH resistance was combined with resistance to two or three drugs. A total of 24 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) resistant to at least INH and rifampicin and 11 MDR cases were resistant to five drugs. The proportion of MDR-TB among new TB cases in our target population was 0.72% (1/139 cases). The proportion of MDR-TB among previously treated cases was 25.18% (35/139 cases). The 13 polyresistant and 24 MDR isolates were assayed against the following seven second-line drugs: amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), capreomycin (CAP), clofazimine (CLF), ethionamide (ETH), ofloxacin (OFL) and cycloserine (CLS). Resistance to CLF, OFL or CLS was not observed. Resistance was detected to ETH (10.80%) and to AMK (2.70%), KAN (2.70%) and CAP (2.70%). One isolate of MDR with primary resistance was also resistant to three second-line drugs. Monterrey has a high prevalence of MDR-TB among previously treated cases and extensively drug-resistant-MTB strains may soon appear.
Becerril-Montes, Pola; Said-Fernandez, Salvador; Luna-Herrera, Julieta; Caballero-Olin, Guillermo; Enciso-Moreno, Jose Antonio; Martinez-Rodriguez, Herminia Guadalupe; Padilla-Rivas, Gerardo; Nancy-Garza-Trevino, Elsa; Molina-Salinas, Gloria Maria
Mobile satellite service in the United States
Mobile satellite service (MSS) has been under development in the United States for more than two decades. The service will soon be provided on a commercial basis by a consortium of eight U.S. companies called the American Mobile Satellite Consortium (AMSC). AMSC will build a three-satellite MSS system that will offer superior performance, reliability and cost effectiveness for organizations requiring mobile communications across the U.S. The development and operation of MSS in North America is being coordinated with Telesat Canada and Mexico. AMSC expects NASA to provide launch services in exchange for capacity on the first AMSC satellite for MSAT-X activities and for government demonstrations.
Agnew, Carson E.; Bhagat, Jai; Hopper, Edwin A.; Kiesling, John D.; Exner, Michael L.; Melillo, Lawrence; Noreen, Gary K.; Parrott, Billy J.
Landforms of the United States.
One of a series of general interest publications on science topics, the booklet provides those interested in landforms of the United States with a nontechnical introduction to the subject. Separate sections examine deposital versus erosional landforms in the central stable region of the United States, the Appalachian Highlands, the Ozark Region,…
Geological Survey (Dept. of Interior), Reston, VA.
Quality of Water and Sediment in Streams Affected by Historical Mining, and Quality of Mine Tailings, in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin, Big Bend Area of the United States and Mexico, August 2002
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the International Boundary and Water Commission - U.S. and Mexican Sections, the National Park Service, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, the Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales in Mexico, the Area de Proteccion de Flora y Fauna Canon de Santa Elena in Mexico, and the Area de Proteccion de Flora y Fauna Maderas del Carmen in Mexico, collected samples of stream water, streambed sediment, and mine tailings during August 2002 for a study to determine whether trace elements from abandoned mines in the area in and around Big Bend National Park have affected the water and sediment quality in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin of the United States and Mexico. Samples were collected from eight sites on the main stem of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo, four Rio Grande/Rio Bravo tributary sites downstream from abandoned mines or mine-tailing sites, and 11 mine-tailing sites. Mines in the area were operated to produce fluorite, germanium, iron, lead, mercury, silver, and zinc during the late 1800s through at least the late 1970s. Moderate (relatively neutral) pHs in stream-water samples collected at the 12 Rio Grande/Rio Bravo main-stem and tributary sites indicate that water is well mixed, diluted, and buffered with respect to the solubility of trace elements. The highest sulfate concentrations were in water samples from tributaries draining the Terlingua mining district. Only the sample from the Rough Run Draw site exceeded the Texas Surface Water Quality Standards general-use protection criterion for sulfate. All chloride and dissolved solids concentrations in water samples were less than the general-use protection criteria. Aluminum, copper, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc were detected in all water samples for which each element was analyzed. Cadmium, chromium, and lead were detected in samples less frequently, and silver was not detected in any of the samples. None of the sample concentrations of aluminum, cadmium, chromium, nickel, selenium, and zinc exceeded the Texas Surface Water Quality Standards criteria for aquatic life-use protection or human health. The only trace elements detected in the water samples at concentrations exceeding the Texas Surface Water Quality Standards criterion for human health (fish consumption use) was lead at one site and mercury at 10 of 12 sites. Relatively high mercury concentrations distributed throughout the area might indicate sources of mercury in addition to abandoned mining areas. Streambed-sediment samples were collected from 12 sites and analyzed for 44 major and trace elements. In general, the trace elements detected in streambed-sediment samples were low in concentration, interpreted as consistent with background concentrations. Concentrations at two sites, however, were elevated compared to Texas Commission on Environmental Quality criteria. Concentrations of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lead, silver, and zinc in the sample from San Carlos Creek downstream from La Esperanza (San Carlos) Mine exceeded the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality screening levels for sediment. The sample from Rough Run Draw, downstream from the Study Butte Mine, also showed elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead, but these concentrations were much lower than those in the San Carlos Creek sample and did not exceed screening levels. Elevated concentrations of multiple trace elements in streambed-sediment samples from San Carlos Creek and Rough Run Draw indicate that San Carlos Creek, and probably Rough Run Draw, have been adversely affected by mining activities. Fourteen mine-tailing samples from 11 mines were analyzed for 25 major and trace elements. All trace elements except selenium and thallium were detected in one or more samples. The highest lead concentrations were detected in tailings samples from the Boquillas, Puerto Rico, La Esperanza (San Carlos), and Tres Marias Mines, as might be expected because the tailings ar
Lambert, Rebecca B.; Kolbe, Christine M.; Belzer, Wayne
Dispute at New Mexico State Worsens Amid New Claims
This article reports that two married professors, John Moraros and Yelena Bird, whose contracts were not renewed by New Mexico State University, in what they say was a case of discrimination and retaliation, now say they are also the victims of baseless allegations of plagiarism by the university's president. Administrators at New Mexico State,…
Carlson, Scott
77 FR 70693 - Approval and Promulgation of State Implementation Plans; State of New Mexico; Regional Haze Rule...
...of State Implementation Plans; State of New Mexico; Regional Haze Rule Requirements...SUMMARY: EPA is approving New Mexico State Implementation Plan (SIP...and December 1, 2003, by the Governor of New Mexico addressing the regional haze...
77 FR 36043 - Approval and Promulgation of State Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Regional Haze Rule...
...Promulgation of State Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Regional Haze Rule Requirements...Promulgation of State Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Regional Haze Rule Requirements...SUMMARY: EPA is proposing to approve New Mexico State Implementation Plan...
Remarriages: United States, 1969.
Analysis of national trends in remarriage including data by previous marital status and color, variation by State, remarriage rates by age and sex, selection by previous marital status, and selected characteristics of remarrying persons in 1969.
K. M. Williams R. P. Kuhn
A ground-water model of the upper San Pedro Basin from the Mexico-United States International Boundary to Fairbank, Arizona
A definition of the hydrologic system of the upper San Pedro basin was obtained by developing a numerical ground-water model to evaluate a conceptual model of the system. Information on hydraulic properties of the basin fill, recharge from bordering mountain ranges, discharge by evapotranspiration, and exchange of water between aquifer and stream was available from previous measurements or estimates. The steady-state calibration procedure and subsequent transient simulations demonstrated that the original conceptualization can be reasonably simulated. An analysis of model sensitivity to increases and decreases in certain hydraulic properties indicated a low sensitivity to aquifer anisotropy and a low to moderate sensitivity to stream leakance and evapotranspiration rate. An analysis to investigate the effects of generalizing aquifer conductivity and recharge showed that flow components and water-level response to stress could be simulated adequately but that steady-state water-level conditions could not. During equilibrium conditions, recharge to and discharge from the basin was about 16,500 acre-feet per year. Modeling results indicated that by 1978 the storage depletion rate had reached 5,600 acre-feet per year resulting from a ground-water withdrawal rate of 10,500 acre-feet per year. (USGS)
Freethey, G. W.
19 CFR 123.51 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States.
...samples transported by automobile through Canada between ports in the United States...DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CBP RELATIONS WITH CANADA AND MEXICO Commercial Traveler's Samples in Transit Through the United States or Canada § 123.51 Commercial samples...
Tuberculosis from Mycobacterium bovis in Binational Communities, United States
The epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States is changing as the incidence of disease becomes more concentrated in foreign-born persons. Mycobacterium bovis appears to be contributing substantially to the TB incidence in some binational communities with ties to Mexico. We conducted a retrospective analysis of TB case surveillance data from the San Diego, California, region from 1994 through
Timothy C. Rodwell; Marisa Moore; Kathleen S. Moser; Stephanie K. Brodine; Steffanie A. Strathdee
HIV in Predominantly Rural Areas of the United States
Background: The burden of HIV/AIDS has not been described for certain rural areas of the United States (Appalachia, the Southeast Region, the Mississippi Delta, and the US-Mexico Border), where barriers to receiving HIV services include rural residence, poverty, unemployment, and lack of education. Methods: We used data from Centers for Disease…
Hall, H. Irene; Li, Jianmin; McKenna, Matthew T.
Dominant Spanish Dialects Spoken in the United States.
The introductory section of this study of Spanish dialects in the United States, commissioned by the ERIC Clearinghouse for Linguistics, presents the plan and the ethnic distribution of Spanish speakers in the U.S.. (The 1960 census shows the preponderance of population contribution to be from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Spain.) A description…
Cardenas, Daniel N.
Mental Health, United States, 1992.
Data presented in the fifth edition of 'Mental Health, United States' derive principally from national surveys. For the first time, the volume includes a chapter that highlights the characteristics of seriously mentally ill persons in the household popula...
R. W. Manderscheid M. A. Sonnenschein
Desertification of the United States.
There is an extensive and growing body of scientific literature on desertification. The purposes of the report, therefore, are: To synthesize the available scientific information on desertification in the United States and; To identify federal policies th...
D. Sheridan
The United States Uranium Industry, 1993
Low prices and foreign competition continue to plague the United States uranium industry. For eight years (1984-1991) the Secretary of Energy has declared the industry to be nonviable. A similar declaration is expected late in 1993 for 1992. Surface drilling for uranium in 1993 is expected to be about 1 million ft., because deposits are developed prior to mining. Drilling for claim assessment purposes has ceased due to changes in the mining law. All conventional mining and milling in the United States ceased in early 1992 when the last open-pit mine closed. Underground mining ceased in late 1990. Current uranium production is from solution mining (in-situ leaching) in Wyoming, Texas, and Nebraska. Uranium is recovered from Florida phosphate rock processed in Louisiana and from mine water in New Mexico. Uranium concentrate production in 1993 is expected to be about 5 million lbs U[sub 3]O[sub 8]. The United States has large reserves of uranium, but a significant price increase is needed for the industry to rebound.
Chenoweth, W.L.
Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States
... Disease Statistics for the United States Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States On this page: The ... The Growing Burden of Kidney Disease Kidney disease statistics for the United States convey the burden of ...
31 CFR 539.312 - United States.
...Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION TRADE CONTROL REGULATIONS General Definitions § 539.312 United States. The term United States means the United States,...
FRONTLINE: United States of Secrets
FRONTLINE doesn't shy away from difficult topics, as demonstrated by "United States of Secrets" a recent documentary on the activities of the National Security Agency (NSA) in the United States. On this site, visitors can view both parts of the documentary, explore interviews with tech industry experts, learn about journalistic guidelines, and also look over a raft of extra features. In The Latest section, visitors can look over meditations that include "How the NSA Can Get Onto Your iPhone" and "Inside the NSA the Day After 9/11." Additionally, visitors can view related programs, such as "Top Secret America" and several others.
Diversification of Mexican Transnational Criminal Organizations and its Effects on Spillover Violence in the United States.
Spillover violence describes violent crime occurring in the United States that derives from the drug trafficking enterprise in Mexico. Perpetrated by Mexican transnational criminal organizations (TCOs), the occurrence of spillover violence has increased s...
J. N. Hackmaster
Report of the United States Section International Boundary and Water Commission, 1997-1998.
The United States and Mexico entrust to their International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) the application of obligations and rights assumed in their boundary and water treaties and other International agreements following the foreign policy guidanc...
United States, Capitals and Abbreviations
Students will use the links below to practice locating, naming, and spelling the 50 U.S.States, Capitals and Abbreviation. Go to these different websites to test your skills and knowledge on states and capitals. Be sure to visit every site. They each have different ways to study. #1 States and Capitals Spelling Practice #2 Practice States and Capitals #3 United States Map Puzzle #4 Where is That?! Practice spelling of state and capital names. #5 State Abbreviations Practice Abbreviations Want to listen to Wakko's America song? Click on the first video below. Wakko s America
Ribera, Mr.
Ribera, Mr.
Children's Books--United States.
This report, given at a special meeting held in Tehran, presents an outline of the situation of children's literature in the United States. Information provided includes lists of organizations interested in the publication, selection, and distribution of children's books and of institutions serving international interests in children's books and…
Havilland, Virginia
CDC Growth Charts: United States
Objectives—This report presents the revised growth charts for the United States. It summarizes the history of the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) growth charts, reasons for the revision, data sources and statistical procedures used, and major features of the revised charts. Methods—Data from five national health examination surveys collected from 1963 to 1994 and five supplementary data sources
Robert J. Kuczmarski; Cynthia L. Ogden; Laurence M. Grummer-Strawn; Katherine M. Flegal; Shumei S. Guo; Rong Wei; Zuguo Mei; Lester R. Curtin; Alex F. Roche; Clifford L. Johnson
Irrigation in the United States.
Beginning with the Mormon colonization of Salt Lake Valley, Utah, in 1847, irrigation has been a significant part of agriculture in the United States. Most of the Nation's irrigated acreage has always been located in the arid and semiarid regions of the W...
D. M. Lea
Mental Health, United States, 1987.
This document presents timely statistical information on the nation's organized mental health service delivery system. Included are: (1) "Chronic Mental Disorder in the United States" (Howard H. Goldman and Ronald W. Manderscheid); (2) "Specialty Mental Health System Characteristics" (Michael J. Witkin, Joanne E. Atay, Adele S. Fell, and Ronald W.…
National Inst. of Mental Health (DHHS), Rockville, MD.
The Changing United States Diet
The nature of the United States diet has changed markedly in this century. We are using more meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products; sugars and other sweeteners; fats and oils; and processed fruits and vegetables. We are using fewer grain products, potatoes, fresh fruits and vegetables, and eggs. (BB)
Page, Louise; Friend, Berta
Accreditation in the United States
Accreditation is a process of external quality review created and used by higher education to scrutinize colleges, universities, and programs for quality assurance and quality improvement. Accreditation in the United States is more than a hundred years old, emerging from concerns to protect public health and safety and to serve the public…
Eaton, Judith S.
Birth Outcomes of Immigrant Women in the United States, France, and Belgium
Objectives: To compare maternal characteristics and birth outcomes of Mexico-born and native-born mothers in the United States and those of North African mothers living in France and Belgium to French and Belgian nationals. Methods: We examined information from single live birth certificates for 285,371 Mexico-born and 3,131,632 U.S.-born mothers (including 2,537,264 U.S.-born White mothers) in the United States, 4,623 North
Sylvia Guendelman; Pierre Buekens; Beatrice Blondel; Monique Kaminski; Francis C. Notzon; Godelieve Masuy-Stroobant
Development and the Urban and Rural Geography of Mexican Emigration to the United States
Past research on international migration from Mexico to the United States uses geographically-limited data and analyzes emigrant-sending communities in isolation. Theories supported by this research may not explain urban emigration, and this research does not consider connections between rural and urban Mexico. In this study we use national data…
Hamilton, Erin R.; Villarreal, Andres
75 FR 9252 - Notice of Relocation/Change of Street Address for New Mexico State Office
...Bureau of Land Management, New Mexico State Office located at 1474 Rodeo Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico has relocated to 301 Dinosaur Trail, Santa Fe, New Mexico. DATES: Effective Date: November 2, 2009. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The office at...
Abstract Between 100 BCE and 200 CE, the city of Teotihuacan grew rapidly, most of the Basin of Mexico population was relocated in the city, immense civic-religious structures were built, and symbolic and material evidence shows the early importance of war. Rulers were probably able and powerful. Subsequently the city did not grow, and government may have become more collective,
George L. Cowgill
The State of the Unions in Mexico
Significant developments during a period of transition for the labor movement in Mexico are described, including general declines in union membership; expansion of the maquiladora system accompanied by determined opposition to union-ization; and the effects of global labor markets, as reflected in limited ability of unions to raise wages and improve working conditions. Effects of the end of the 70-year
[Distribution of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) from Mexico State, Mexico].
The State of Mexico is a region with great biological diversity, owing to its geographical and ecological features. Regarding Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea, 15% of the Mexican species are recorded in the State of Mexico, 17% of which are endemic to the country. A checklist of the two superfamilies for the State of Mexico was integrated, based on published literature and databases at the Museo de Zoología of the Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. The checklist is composed by six families, 22 subfamilies, 197 genera and 325 species (95 Hesperiidae, 19 Papilionidae, 35 Pieridae, 54 Lycaenidae, 20 Riodinidae, and 102 Nymphalidae). A list of each species is presented, including collecting localities, flight month, and whether data correspond to scientific collection records or literature. PMID:19419047
Hernández-Mejía, Claudia; Vargas-Fernández, Isabel; Luis-Martínez, Armando; Llorente-Bousquets, Jorge
Search for uranium in western United States
The search for uranium in the United States is one of the most intensive ever made for any metal during our history. The number of prospectors and miners involved is difficult to estimate but some measure of the size of the effort is indicated by the fact that about 500 geologists are employed by government and industry in the work--more than the total number of geologists engaged in the study of all other minerals together except oil. The largest part of the effort has been concentrated in the western states. No single deposit of major importance by world standards has been discovered but the search has led to the discovery of important minable deposits of carnotite and related minerals on the Colorado Plateau; of large, low grade deposits of uranium in phosphates in the northwestern states and in lignites in the Dakotas, Wyoming, Idaho and New Mexico; and of many new and some promising occurrences of uranium in carnotite-like deposits and in vein deposits. Despite the fact that a large number of the districts considered favorable for the occurrence of uranium have already been examined, the outlook for future discoveries is bright, particularly for uranium in vein and in carnotite-like deposits in the Rocky Mountain States.
McKelvey, Vincent Ellis
Sterilization in the United States
Unintended pregnancies are expensive for patients and for society in terms of medical costs, the cost of caring for more children, and the cost to personal and professional goals. Sterilization is the most common contraceptive method utilized by couples in the United States. Given technological advances over the past few decades, male and female surgical sterilization has become a safe, convenient, easy, and highly effective birth control method for the long term. This article reviews current male and female sterilization options.
Bartz, Deborah; Greenberg, James A
Mayflies of the United States
In keeping with its excellent reputation, the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center (first described in the October 15, 1997 Scout Report for Science & Engineering) has posted this useful, work-in-progress resource, one of several on the distribution of several groups of flying insects. Mayflies of the United States, contains information on the known distribution of Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in the US, including distribution maps, county checklists, published references, photo thumbnails, and numerous links to related sites. Dr. Boris Kondratieff of Colorado State University coordinated the production of all three sites. While the authors stress the "work-in-progress" nature of this site, it represents an excellent and useful contribution.
United States National Seismographic Network
The concept of a United States National Seismograph Network (USNSN) dates back nearly 30 years. The idea was revived several times over the decades. but never funded. For, example, a national network was proposed and discussed at great length in the so called Bolt Report (U. S. Earthquake Observatories: Recommendations for a New National Network, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1980, 122 pp). From the beginning, a national network was viewed as augmenting and complementing the relatively dense, predominantly short-period vertical coverage of selected areas provided by the Regional Seismograph Networks (RSN`s) with a sparse, well-distributed network of three-component, observatory quality, permanent stations. The opportunity finally to begin developing a national network arose in 1986 with discussions between the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Under the agreement signed in 1987, the NRC has provided $5 M in new funding for capital equipment (over the period 1987-1992) and the USGS has provided personnel and facilities to develop. deploy, and operate the network. Because the NRC funding was earmarked for the eastern United States, new USNSN station deployments are mostly east of 105{degree}W longitude while the network in the western United States is mostly made up of cooperating stations (stations meeting USNSN design goals, but deployed and operated by other institutions which provide a logical extension to the USNSN).
Buland, R. [Geological Survey, Denver, CO (United States)
Tracing the geographic origins of weedy Ipomoea purpurea in the southeastern United States.
Ipomoea purpurea (common morning glory) is an annual vine native to Mexico that is well known for its large, showy flowers. Humans have spread morning glories worldwide, owing to the horticultural appeal of morning glory flowers. Ipomoea purpurea is an opportunistic colonizer of disturbed habitats including roadside and agricultural settings, and it is now regarded as a noxious weed in the Southeastern US. Naturalized populations in the Southeastern United States are highly polymorphic for a number of flower color morphs, unlike native Mexican populations that are typically monomorphic for the purple color morph. Although I. purpurea was introduced into the United States from Mexico, little is known about the specific geographic origins of US populations relative to the Mexican source. We use resequencing data from 11 loci and 30 I. purpurea accessions collected from the native range of the species in Central and Southern Mexico and 8 accessions from the Southeastern United States to infer likely geographic origins in Mexico. Based on genetic assignment analysis, haplotype composition, and the degree of shared polymorphism, I. purpurea samples from the Southeastern United States are genetically most similar to samples from the Valley of Mexico and Veracruz State. This supports earlier speculation that I. purpurea in the Southeastern United States was likely to have been introduced by European colonists from sources in Central Mexico. PMID:23894192
Fang, Zhou; Gonzales, Ana M; Durbin, Mary L; Meyer, Kapua K T; Miller, Beau H; Volz, Kevin M; Clegg, Michael T; Morrell, Peter L
Tropospheric moisture and monsoonal rainfall over the southwestern United States
This study investigates the role of increased atmospheric humidity in occurrences of wet days in the southwestern United States during the monsoon seasons of 1996–2002, using spatiotemporal analyses of ground-measured precipitation, spatial analyses of surface and 700-hPa humidity, and air-parcel trajectory analyses. A precipitation regionalization indicates that the Gila River basin in southern Arizona\\/southwest New Mexico should be divided into
Jeremy E. Diem; David P. Brown
40 CFR 272.1601 - New Mexico State-Administered Program: Final Authorization.
...2013-07-01 false New Mexico State-Administered Program: Final...PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) APPROVED STATE HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS... § 272.1601 New Mexico State-Administered Program:...
Strain Accumulation Rates in the Western United States Between 1970 and 1978
The rate of dilatation and the rate and direction of shear have been determined from trilateration data for 23 Geodolite networks in the western United States. Sixteen nets are located along the San Andreas fault system between Point Reyes, California, and the United States-Mexico border. Other locations are across the Garlock fault in California; across Puget Sound near Seattle, Washington;
W. H. Prescott; J. C. Savage; W. T. Kinoshita
Strain accumulation rates in the western United States between 1970 and 1978
Determinants of the Duration of Migration of Mexican Immigrants in the United States
Abstract This paper examines,the optimal migration duration of Mexican immigrants in the United States using data from ,the Mexican Migration Project (MMP). A simple ,theoretical model rationalizes the decision of the migrant to return to Mexico, despite higher wages inthe,United States. I use ,the Cox proportional ,hazard ,model ,to examine ,the determinants of return migration of Mexican immigrants. This paper
Carmen E. Carrión-flores
United States Society on Dams
The United States Society on Dams (USSD) is a professional organization that promotes the advancement of dam engineering and technology, and fosters public awareness of the importance of dams. The best feature on the society's home page is its excellent introduction to dams and their benefits. First, a short definition of a dam is given, and then some reasons for their construction are outlined with specific examples. There are many pictures of dams across the country, and most have explanations for their importance. Hydroelectric power as a renewable resource is discussed in detail. This Web site is a good learning resource for both kids and adults.
Stoneflies of the United States
In keeping with its excellent reputation, the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center (first described in the October 15, 1997 Scout Report for Science & Engineering) has posted this useful, work-in-progress resource, one of several on the distribution of flying insects. This site, Stoneflies of the United States, contains information on the known distribution of Stoneflies (Plecoptera) in the US, including distribution maps, county checklists, published references, photo thumbnails, and numerous links to related sites. Dr. Boris Kondratieff of Colorado State University coordinated the production of this site, with collaboration by Dr. Richard Baumann of Brigham Young University. While the authors stress the "work-in-progress" nature of this site, it represents an excellent and useful contribution.
English Teaching in Mexico.
Discusses teaching English in Mexico, a country with important social, cultural, and economic ties to the United States. Looks at the various English teaching situations as well as teacher education for teachers in Mexico. Concludes that the English teaching situation in Mexico reflects great diversity and growth, and that the knowledge of English…
Salazar, Denise
Analysis of regional aquifers in the central Midwest of the United States in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming :summary
Large quantities of ground water are available for use from three regional aquifer systems in the central Midwest of the United States. Parts of the lowermost aquifer contain nearly immobile brine and may be hydrologically suitable for material storage or waste disposal. Results of numerical modeling and geochemical analyses confirm general concepts of ground-water flow in the regional aquifer systems.
Jorgensen, Donald G.; Helgesen, J. O.; Signor, D. C.; Leonard, R. B.; Imes, J. L.; Christenson, S. C.
The background notes on Mexico provide text and recent statistical information on the geography, population, government, economy, and foreign relations, specifically the North American Free Trade Agreement with US. The 1992 population is estimated at 89 million of which 60% are mestizo (Indian-Spanish), 30% are American Indian, 9% are Caucasian, and 1% are other. 90% are Roman Catholic. There are 8 years of compulsory education. Infant mortality is 30/1000 live births. Life expectancy for males is 68 years and 76 years for females. The labor force is comprised of 30% in services, 24% in agriculture and fishing, 19% in manufacturing, 13% in commerce, 7% in construction, 4% in transportation and communication, and .4% in mining. There are 31 states and a federal district. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was $3200 in 1991. Military expenditures were .5% of GDP in 1991. The average inflation rate is 19%. Mexico City with 20 million is the largest urban center in the world. In recent years, the economy has been restructured with market oriented reforms; the result has been a growth of GDP of 3.6% in 1991 from 2% in 1987. Dependence on oil exports has decreased. There has been privatization and deregulation of state-owned companies. Subsidies to inefficient companies have been stopped. Tariff rates were reduced. The financial debt has been reduced and turned into a surplus of .8% in 1992. Mexico's foreign debt has been reduced from its high in 1987 of $107 billion. Agricultural reforms have been ongoing for 50 years. Land was redistributed, but standards of living and productivity have improved only slightly. Rural land tenure regulations have been changed, and other economic reforms are expected. Mexico engages in ad hoc international groups and is selective about membership in international organizations. PMID:12178052
75 FR 62858 - United States, et al.
...DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division United States, et al. v. American Express Company, et al.; Proposed Final Judgment and Competitive Impact...District of New York in United States of America, et al. v. American Express Company, et al.,...
76 FR 38700 - United States, et al.
...DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division United States, et al. v. American Express Company, et al.; Public Comments and Response on Proposed...on the proposed Final Judgment in United States, et al. v. American Express Company, et al.,...
The United States Lighthouse Society
Twenty-five years strong, and with an interest in lighthouses throughout the world, the United States Lighthouse Society (USLHS) has a website that informs the public about restoration projects, tours of lighthouses, and the complete subject index to the Society's magazine, the Keeper's Log. The USHLS is a "non-profit historical and educational organization incorporated to educate, inform, and entertain those who are interested in lighthouses, past and present." The "Projects" section of the website is a must-see for visitors, as it contains the history, old and new photos, and restorative needs of each lighthouse, or lightship, as the case may be. The project "LV605" is the restoration effort for one of the few remaining lightships, which were floating lighthouses in waters where a lighthouse was impractical, because of depth, cost, or currents. There are many pictures of these lightships, and a history of these unique vessels is also included.
Digital map of the state (political) boundaries of Mexico
This data set represents the state (political) boundaries of Mexico. The Digitial Chart of the World data set had incomplete state boundaries, which was the reason to create this coverage. It was digitized from a 1992 CIA map at a scale of 1:3 million. The coast line came from the Digital Chart of the world at a scale of 1:1 million. The state names were labeled from the map and an attribute to help fill the states was added. The labeling process was done manually.
Watermolen, John
State Teacher Policy Yearbook: Progress on Teacher Quality, 2007. New Mexico State Summary
The "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" examines what is arguably the single most powerful authority over the teaching profession: state government. This New Mexico edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the first of what will be an annual look at the status of state policies impacting the…
National Council on Teacher Quality, 2007
Neurocysticercosis in the United States
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is typically considered a disease of the developing world. Nonetheless, NCC is also diagnosed in the developed world. The rise in the number of cases of NCC in developed countries, especially in the United States of America, has largely been driven by the influx of immigrants from endemic to non-endemic regions and the widespread access to neuroimaging. Cases of local transmission have also been documented particularly in the setting of a tapeworm carrier present in the household, which highlights the relevance of NCC as a public health problem in the USA. Although accurate incidence data in the USA are not available, estimates range from 0.2 to 0.6 cases per 100?000 general population and 1.5–5.8 cases per 100?000 Hispanics. We estimate that between 1320 and 5050 new cases of NCC occur every year in the USA. The number of NCC cases reported in the literature in the USA increased from 1494 prior to 2004 to 4632 after that date. Parenchymal cases remain the most commonly reported form of the disease; however, a slight increase in the percentage of extraparenchymal cases has been described in the most recent series. NCC is associated with significant morbidity resulting from hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, and seizures. Although uncommon, NCC is also a cause of premature death in the USA with a calculated annual age-adjusted mortality rate of at least 0.06 per million population.
Serpa, Jose A; White, A Clinton
Insects That Attack Mesquite ('Prosopis' spp.) in Argentina and Paraguay. Their Possible Use for Biological Control in the United States.
Honey mesquite, Porsopis glandulosa Torrey, and velvet mesquite, P. velutina Wooton, are weedy, leguminous shrubs or small trees that cause great damage to the livestock industry in rangelands of the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. Researc...
H. A. Cordo C. J. DeLoach
Calculation of the ecological risk index in the José Antonio Alzate Dam, State of Mexico, Mexico.
Due to the problem of contamination in the Jose Antonio Alzate dam, located in the State of Mexico, Mexico, the partition coefficient, the contamination degree, and the ecological risk index of nine metals were calculated in order to establish the water quality in different areas of the Alzate dam. The sampling sites were selected according to the river flow into the dam, via three sampling programs, the physical-chemical parameters were measured in situ, and the samples were collected to measure metals in the dissolved phase and also as suspended particulate matter. Thomann's model was used to calculate the partition coefficient. Hĺkanson's methodology was used to determine the degree of contamination and the ecological risk index. Finally, the water quality criteria for the dissolved metals were calculated. The results for suspended particulate matter suggest a moderate risk of metal contamination in the dam. Copper and lead in dissolved form exceeded the values of water quality criteria. PMID:19730803
López-Galván, Edgar; Barceló-Quintal, Icela; Solís-Correa, Hugo E; Bussy, Anne Laure; Avila-Pérez, Pedro; Delgadillo, Sergio Martínez
Larval stages of trematodes in gastropods from Lake Chicnahuapan, State of Mexico, Mexico.
During the period from January to December (2007), 1,095 freshwater molluscs of four species were captured (Lymnaea stagnalis, Stagnicola elodes, Physella cubensis and Physa acuta) in Lake Chicnahuapan, State of Mexico, Mexico. Two hundred seventy-two (24.84% prevalence) of these molluscs were parasitised by 11 trematode species (from which two were not identified at the species level) having six cercariae species and five metacercariae species represented in five families. The cercariae Telorchis corti (Plagiorchiidae) and the metacercariae Cotylurus cornutus (Strigeidae) were the species with the highest prevalence among the examined snails. The highest percentage of infection was observed in L. stagnalis (27.45% of prevalence, n = 572) and P. cubensis (23.96%, n = 455). Twenty-one of the examined snails had multiple infections with up to three trematode species. PMID:19568770
Barragán-Sáenz, Francisco Adrián; Sánchez-Nava, Petra; Hernández-Gallegos, Oswaldo; Salgado-Maldonado, Guillermo
Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion: Chapter 27 in Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000
The Chihuahuan Desert is the largest of the North American deserts, extending from southern New Mexico and Texas deep into Mexico, with approximately 90 percent of its area falling south of the United States–Mexico border (Lowe, 1964, p. 24). The Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion covers approximately 174,472 km2 (67,364 mi2) within the United States, including much of west Texas, southern New Mexico, and a small portion of southeastern Arizona (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The ecoregion is generally oriented from northwest to southeast, with the Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion to the west; the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains, Arizona/New Mexico Plateau, Southwestern Tablelands, and Western High Plains Ecoregions to the north; and the Edwards Plateau and Southern Texas Plains Ecoregions to the east (fig. 1).
Ruhlman, Jana; Gass, Leila; Middleton, Barry
75 FR 65432 - New Mexico: Final Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Management Program Revision
...EPA-R06-RCRA-2009-0343 FRL-9217-2] New Mexico: Final Authorization of State Hazardous...SUMMARY: The State of New Mexico has applied to the EPA for final...comment period, the decision to authorize New Mexico's changes to its hazardous...
... Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION TRADE CONTROL REGULATIONS General Definitions § 539.312 United States. The term United...
The economic impact of Sandia National Laboratories on central New Mexico and the state of New Mexico fiscal year 1997
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) was established in 1949 to perform the engineering development and ordnance responsibilities associated with nuclear weapons. By the early 1960`s the facility had evolved into an engineering research and development laboratory and became a multiprogram laboratory during the 1970s. Sandia is operated for the US Department of Energy by the Sandia Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, Incorporated. For several years, the US Department of Energy (DOE) Albuquerque Operations Office (AL) and New Mexico State University (NMSU) have maintained an inter-industry, input-output model with capabilities to assess the impacts of developments initiated outside the economy such as federal DOE monies that flow into the state, on an economy. This model will be used to assess economic, personal income and employment impacts of SNL on central New Mexico and the state of New Mexico. For this report, the reference period is FY 1997 (October 1, 1996, through September 30, 1997) and includes two major impact analyses: the impact of SNL activities on central New Mexico and the economic impacts of SNL on the state of New Mexico. For purposes of this report, the central New Mexico region includes Bernalillo, Sandoval, Valencia, and Torrance counties. Total impact represents both direct and indirect respending by business, including induced effects (respending by households). The standard multipliers used in determining impacts results from the inter-industry, input-output models developed for the four-county region and the state of New Mexico. 6 figs., 10 tabs.
Lansford, R.R.; Nielsen, T.G.; Schultz, J. [New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM (United States); Adcock, L.D.; Gentry, L.M. [Dept. of Energy, Albuquerque, NM (United States). Albuquerque Operations Office; Ben-David, S. [Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States). Dept. of Economics; Temple, J. [Temple (John), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 1995 Profile
NSF Publications Database
... United States: 1995 Profile Hypertext Format Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States ... Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States series are available on the publication ...
Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians in the United States: 2001
... United States: 2001 Hypertext Format Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians in the United States ... Engineers, and Technicians in the United States: 2001 This report is available in hypertext (.htm ...
Results from an absolute gravity survey in the United States
Using the recently completed JTLA absolute gravity meter, we made a survey of twelve sites in the United States. Over a period of eight weeks, the instrument was driven a total distance of nearly 20,000 km to sites in California, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Maryland and Massachusetts. The time spent in carrying out a measurement at a single location was typically one day. We report the results of the measurements in this survey along with earlier measurements made with the instrument, discuss the measurement accuracy and compare our results with other measurements. Previously announced in STAR as N83-20480
Zumberge, M. A.; Faller, J. E.; Gschwind, J.
Development of Native American Culture and Art. Hearing before the Select Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-Sixth Congress, Second Session on S. 2l66 (Sante Fe, New Mexico, April 14, 1980).
On April 14, 1980, the Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs heard testimony in Santa Fe, New Mexico, regarding S. 2166, a bill to establish a National Institute of Native American Culture and Arts Development. Forty-two witnesses appeared before the committee to note strengths and weaknesses of the bill, suggest changes in wording, and voice…
Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs.
Annual report to the Pecos River Commission on investigations being made in New Mexico and Texas by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pecos River Commission: calendar year 1976
This report describes investigations in New Mexico and Texas made by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pecos River Commission during the 1976 calendar year and provides a summary of costs for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976.
U.S. Geological Survey
U.S.-Mexico Border Environment. Air Quality and Transportation and Cultural and Natural Resources. Ninth Report of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board to the President and Congress of the United States.
This years report, the Boards Ninth Report to the President and Congress, provides advice from two angles on maintaining healthy environmental quality along the U.S.-Mexico border. First, it examines the relationship between the regions air quality and th...
Retirement and health benefits for Mexican migrant workers returning from the United States
In the absence of a bilateral agreement for the portability and totalization of social security contributions between the United States and Mexico, this article examines the access to pension and health insurance benefits and employment status of older Mexican return migrants. We find that return migrants who have spent less than a year in the United States have a similar level of access to social security benefits as non-migrants. Return migrants who have spent at least a year in the United States are less likely to have public health insurance or social security benefits, and could be more vulnerable to poverty in old age. These results inform the debate on a bilateral social security agreement between the United States and Mexico to improve return migrants' social security.
Aguila, Emma; Zissimopoulos, Julie
Annual hydroclimatology of the United States
An overview of the annual hydroclimatology of the United States is provided. Time series of monthly streamflow, temperature, and precipitation are developed for 1337 watersheds in the United States. This unique data set is then used to evaluate several approaches for estimating the long-term water balance and the interannual variability of streamflow. Traditional relationships which predict either actual evapotranspiration or
A. Sankarasubramanian; Richard M. Vogel
Health, United States, 1980 with Prevention Profile.
Health, United States, 1980 is the fifth annual report on the health status of the Nation submitted by the Secretary of Health and Human Services to the President and Congress of the United States in compliance with Section 308 of the Public Health Servic...
Medical Licensing Examinations in the United States.
Discusses examination requirements for medical licensure in the United States, focusing on the exam components related to assessment of hands-on clinical skills with patients and assessment of medical decision-making skills. Provides a brief history of medical licensing exams, describes the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), and…
Melnick, Donald E.; Dillon, Gerard F.; Swanson, David B.
Laboratory Accreditation in the United States.
The paper, the third in a series that includes NBSIR 87-3576, The ABC's of Standards-Related Activities in the United States, and NBSIR 88-3821, The ABC's of Certification Activities in the United States, is designed to provide information on laboratory a...
M. A. Breitenberg
Human Milk Banking in the United States
Approximately 30 milk banks existed in the early 1980s in the United States, whereas seven banks currently exist in the United States and one in Canada. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in human milk banks as evidenced by the number of institutions in various stages of developing new human milk banks. During 2003, North American milk banks
Kim Updegrove
Michoacan: The Region and Its People. A Unit of Study for Grades 2 & 3. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminars Abroad, 1999 (Mexico).
This curriculum unit, intended to be used with students in grades 2 and 3, focuses on the Mexican state of Michoacan. Lesson 1 first gives students an overview of Mexico. Lesson 2 provides an introduction to a Michoacan archeological dig, while lesson 3 focuses on the geography of Michoacan. Lesson 4 discusses Purepecha weaving. Lesson 5 presents…
Barberena, Gretchen
USSOILS is an Arc 7.0 coverage containing hydrology-relevant information for 10,498 map units covering the entire conterminous United States. The coverage was compiled from individual State coverages contained in the October 1994 State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) Data Base produce...
United States Vital Records Information
Amateur genealogists beginning their searches through the vital records at the state or county level will find useful resources on this web site. Organized by state and then by county, these pages present instructions on how to make inquiries concerning vital records. In addition to general guidelines on what data to include in a request for birth, marital, and death records, each state's page has addresses for both state and county records offices and information about fees. All fifty states and several US possessions are included. There are also links to other local and national genealogy resources, as well as state and local historical societies, which can often be a good source for genealogical information.
[Necrophilous coleoptera (Scarabaeidae, Silphidae y Trogidae) of Malinalco, State of Mexico, Mexico].
Collections were made during one year, between August 2005 and July 2006, in Malinalco, State of Mexico, in three sites of tropical deciduous forest, a pasture and a induced forest of pine-oak, established in a altitudinal gradient ranging from 1,253 m to 2,300 m. The total of 7,680 specimens Scarabaeidae, Silphidae and Trogidae were captured through NTP-80, representing 18 genera and 38 species. Onthophagus and Canthon contained 46% of the richness of Scarabaeidae. The more distant sites were complementary in their species composition. The lowest complementarity occurred between sites with tropical deciduous forest. It revises the material collected through pitffal traps and light traps funnel type, increasing the list of 38 to 50 species in the study area. Between 40% and 50% of the species in Malinalco are distributed in localities of the province of the basin Balsas and localities of the province of the Sierra Madre del Sur, and 30% in the localities of the province of Pacifica coast. For the first time 17 species of Scarabaeidae and three Trogidae were reported for the State of Mexico. PMID:20877982
Trevilla-Rebollar, Antonio; Deloya, Cuauhtémoc; Padilla-Ramírez, Jorge
State Teacher Policy Yearbook: What States Can Do to Retain Effective New Teachers, 2008. New Mexico
This paper presents the New Mexico edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's 2008 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook". The 2008 "Yearbook" focuses on how state policies impact the retention of effective new teachers. This policy evaluation is broken down into three areas that encompass 15 goals. Broadly, these goals examine the impact of…
National Council on Teacher Quality, 2008
Intranets and Extranets at State Libraries in the United States.
This paper is an analysis of Intranets and Extranets at selected state libraries in the United States. The paper does not review World Wide Web sites designed for use by the general public; rather, it focuses on Web sites designed and delivered by the state library to a targeted audience, typically state government employees, state library…
Bolt, Nancy M.
What Makes You Go Back Home? Determinants of the Duration of Migration of Mexican Immigrants in the United States
This paper examines the optimal migration duration of Mexican immigrants in the United States using data from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP). A simple theoretical model rationalizes the decision of the migrant to return to Mexico, despite higher wages in the United States. I use the Cox proportional hazard model to examine the determinants of return migration of Mexican immigrants.
Carmen E. Carrión-Flores
19 CFR 123.52 - Commercial samples transported by automobile through the United States between ports in Canada.
...through the United States between ports in Canada. 123.52 Section 123.52 Customs...DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CBP RELATIONS WITH CANADA AND MEXICO Commercial Traveler's Samples in Transit Through the United States or Canada § 123.52 Commercial samples...
United States' National Interests in Central Asia.
Central Asia consists of five newly independent states situated between Russia, China, and Iran halfway around the world from the United States. For the last eight years, the Central Asian States (CAS) have been the object of considerable attention from t...
R. B. Stephens
Engineering report on the Grayburg Cooperative and unit area, Eddy County, New Mexico
This report covers the area committed to the Grayburg Cooperative and Unit Agreement (I-Sec. 370) approved by the Assistant Secretary of the Interior on October 5, 1943, hereafter referred to as the "unit area", embracing 4,769.44 acres of public land in T. 17 S., Rs. 29 and 30 E., Eddy County, New Mexico. The area includes portions of the Anderson, Grayburg-Jackson, and Leonard oil fields as defined for proration purposes by the New Mexico Oil Conservation Commission. The unit area is covered by Federal oil and gas leases owned by the Grayburg Oil Company of New Mexico and the Western Production Company, Inc. The Grayburg Unit Association has been formed and designated to conduct and manage all operations in the unit area. As of December 31, 1943, there were forty-six producing oil wells within the unit area. The report has been prepared for the purpose of assisting the Grayburg Unit Association in determining the proper locations of gas-injection wells and the best methods for future operation of the pressure-maintenance system that is being installed for the purpose of retarding the reservoir pressure decline and increasing the ultimate recovery of oil from the Grayburg Zone defined in the above-mentioned agreement as formations not more than 3300 feet below the surface. Data used in the report were obtained from records on file in the Geological Survey office at Roswell, New Mexico, and from the records of the Western Production Company and the Grayburg Oil Company. All data were carefully checked as to accuracy with engineers and field representatives of both companies.
Barnett, John A.; Soyster, Merwin H.
40 CFR 282.81 - New Mexico State-Administered Program.
...2013-07-01 false New Mexico State-Administered Program...AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED...TANK PROGRAMS Approved State Programs § 282.81...provisions include: (1 ) State of New Mexico Environmental...Hazardous Waste Act and the Solid Waste Act. (i...
State of Disparities in Cardiovascular Health in the United States
Background—Reducing health disparities remains a major public health challenge in the United States. Having timely access to current data on disparities is important for policy and program development. Accordingly, we assessed the current magnitude of disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors in the United States. Methods and Results—Using national surveys, we determined CVD and risk factor prevalence
George A. Mensah; Ali H. Mokdad; Earl S. Ford; Kurt J. Greenlund; Janet B. Croft
75 FR 62624 - WTO Dispute Settlement Proceeding Regarding United States-Final Antidumping Measures on Stainless...
...notice that the Dispute Settlement Body (``DSB'') has, at the request of Mexico, referred...implemented the recommendations and rulings of the DSB in the dispute United States--Final Antidumping...recommendations and rulings stem from the DSB's adoption of the panel and...
Variability of solar radiation at four selected stations in the United States
The solar radiations considered are the total of direct and diffuse radiant energies received on a horizontal surface at ground level by a pyranometer during solar hours. Four stations, at Seattle-Tacoma, Washington; Madison, Wisconsin; Charleston, South Carolina; and Albuquerque, New Mexico were selected to represent different climatic conditions across the United States. The data were obtained from the National Climatic
H. W. Shen; W. C. Wang
Cultural Competence in the Assessment of Poor Mexican Families in the Rural Southeastern United States
Increasing numbers of poor Mexican immigrant families are settling in the rural southeastern United States. Most of these families are from isolated agrarian communities in Mexico and are headed by unskilled laborers or displaced farm workers with little education. Child welfare workers and other service providers in rural communities may be…
Hancock, Tina U.
Shared resources, common future: Sustainable management of Canada-United States border waters
A long tradition of transboundary resource management activities links the United States with Canada and with Mexico, especially with respect to shared waters. The institutions established for this purpose, notably the International Joint Commission (IJC) and the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC), have solid records of accomplishment. In recent years, however, the performance of both organizations has come under
77 FR 23113 - Modification of VOR Federal Airways V-135 and V-137; Southwest United States
This action modifies VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) Federal airways V-135 and V-137 by extending the airways to the Mexicali, Mexico VOR/DME. This action enhances navigation and air traffic control coordination for aircraft proceeding across the United States--Mexican...
Day Pass through Western United States
NASA Video Gallery
This video over the Western United States was taken by the crew of Expedition 29 aboard the International Space Station. This sequence of shots was taken on Sept. 24, 2011, from 17:45:14 to 17:54:1...
Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2011.
Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2011 presents summary data for tuberculosis (TB) cases verified and counted in 2011. Reports of verified cases of tuberculosis (RVCT) are submitted to the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE), Centers for...
Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2010.
Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2010 presents summary data for tuberculosis (TB) cases verified and counted in 2010. Reports of verified cases of tuberculosis (RVCT) are submitted to the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE), Centers for...
Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2012.
Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2012 presents summary data for tuberculosis (TB) cases verified and counted in 2012. Reports of verified cases of tuberculosis (RVCT) are submitted to the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE), Centers for...
Geothermal Gradient MAP of the United States.
A geothermal gradient map is needed in order to determine the hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal resource of the United States. Based on published and unpublished data (including new measurements) the HDR program will produce updated gradient maps annually, to...
A. Kron G. Heiken
Protecting United States Interests in Antarctica.
This thesis begins by presenting a geographic overview of the physical features and resources in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Next, it details the history of claims and interests over Antarctic territory, with particular emphasis on United States ac...
R. W. Scott
United States Animal Health Report, 2004.
This reporta national overview of domestic animal health in the United States for 2004is a direct result of an external review of the Nations animal health safeguarding system. The Animal Health Safeguarding Review assessed the performance, processes, and...
Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2006.
This publication, Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2006, presents summary data for TB cases reported to DTBE, verified, and counted in 2006. It is similar to previous publications and contains six major sections. The first section presents tren...
Antarctic Journal of the United States
Title : Antarctic Journal of the United States Type : Antarctic Journal NSF Org: OD / OPP Date ... of the journal published is listed below. Authors are indicated for those articles not prepared by ...
Shift Work Practices in the United States.
The types and distribution of shiftwork systems and the distribution of workers within the major shiftwork industries and service groups in the United States were determined. Sources of data utilized in fulfilling this task were government agencies, manag...
D. L. Tasto M. J. Colligan
Cryogenics in United States National Programmes.
The document discusses the importance of cryogenics to national programmes, such as space, health, agriculture, transportation, conservation, and education. The purpose is to demonstrate the inter-relation between the cryogenic industry and United States ...
T. M. Flynn B. W. Birmingham
Chartbook on Disability in the United States.
The need for available statistics on disability is growing. Researchers, legislators, manufacturers, and the general public are becoming increasingly aware of disability in the United States. The report is intended as a reference publication on basic disa...
L. E. Kraus S. Stoddard
Industrial motor repair in the United States
This report characterizes the motor repair industry in the United States; summarizes current motor repair and testing practice; and identifies barriers to energy motor repair practice and recommends strategies for overcoming those barriers.
Schueler, V.; Leistner, P.; Douglass, J.
The United States Requirements for Polar Icebreakers.
This study was performed to determine the requirements for United States Coast Guard icebreakers in polar regions for the time period 1973-2000. Of the organizations queried that were associated with economic resources and planning, none could provide any...
Preserving the United States's poison control system.
The funding of United States's poison control centers is threatened. The following Commentary argues for support of the current outstanding poison control system by presenting the evidence for its cost-effectiveness. PMID:21563903
Woolf, Alan D; Karnes, David K; Kirrane, Barbara M
Addressing the United States Debt and Deficit.
This paper discusses the strategic significance of dealing effectively with the American debt and deficit, by first describing the background of our current government approach to the economy, then examining the current projections for United States' spen...
J. P. Caraway
...false New Mexico State-Administered...CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED...PROGRAMS Approved State Programs § 282...1190 St. Francis Drive, Santa Fe, NM 87503. (1) State statutes and regulations...Waste Act and the Solid Waste Act....
Bromethalin has been extensively researched over the past decade in the United States, Switzerland, England, Denmark, and France. United States EPA registrations were received in 1982 and commercial pelleted formulations containing 0.01% bromethalin were developed and introduced in the USA by Ralston Purina (ASSAULT1*) in 1985 and Velsicol (VENGEANCE1*) in 1986. Ciba-Geigy is currently developing new formulations under the tradename
S. R. Spaulding; H. Spannring
Water Resources of the United States
This is the homepage for the Water Resources Division of the United States Geological Survey. It offers links to a variety of issues concerning water resources. The main links include: news, features, water data, publications and products, technical resources, programs, local information, and contacts. Also featured are links to other divisions within the United States Geological Survey, and FirstGov, a clearinghouse for all branches of the federal government.
Pliocene age of coastal units, northeastern Gulf of Mexico
Evidence for the Pliocene age of units, previously considered Miocene, in limy deposits of the eastern Florida Panhandle first emerged in the 1970s. A wide gap still exists in the generally recognized distribution area of Pliocene marginal-marine and shelf deposits between these calcareous units and the Mississippi delta area to the west. Drill sample studies aimed at narrowing this gap revealed several siliciclastic lithosomes of Pliocene age within a dominantly continental/highly brackish sequence between 125 and 460 ft east and south of Mobile Bay. Planktonic forams in these fine-grained sediments included Globigerina riveroae (upper part of planktonic praecursor), and Globorotalia dutertrei. Pliocene ostracods Loxoconcha edentonensis, Malzella devexa, Puriana mesocostalis, and the typical Jackson Bluff bivalve Nuculana trochilia were also present.
Otvos, E.G.
The United States astronomical community
The personnel, institutions, recent history, and projects of the U.S. astronomical community are surveyed. The roles in astronomy of people with different degrees is examined. The founding of major institutions such as NSF and NASA and of major observatories such as NRAO and CTIO is recounted, and the state of the system today is summarized. The major components of U.S. astronomy include the university system, the national astronomy center system, NASA centers, the Smithsonian Institution, government agencies, university facilities, private observatories, astronomical societies, the International Astronomical Union, astronomy amateurs and private industry. The contributions of each of these categories are discussed. Important projects of the coming decade are reviewed, and the strengths and challenges of the U.S. community are assessed.
Howard, W. E., III
Estimated United States Transportation Energy Use 2005
A flow chart depicting energy flow in the transportation sector of the United States economy in 2005 has been constructed from publicly available data and estimates of national energy use patterns. Approximately 31,000 trillion British Thermal Units (trBTUs) of energy were used throughout the United States in transportation activities. Vehicles used in these activities include automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, buses, airplanes, rail, and ships. The transportation sector is powered primarily by petroleum-derived fuels (gasoline, diesel and jet fuel). Biomass-derived fuels, electricity and natural gas-derived fuels are also used. The flow patterns represent a comprehensive systems view of energy used within the transportation sector.
Smith, C A; Simon, A J; Belles, R D
The uncertain connection: free trade and rural Mexican migration to the United States.
"Will a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) decrease Mexican migration to the United States, as the U.S. and Mexican governments assert, or increase migration beyond the movement that would otherwise occur, as NAFTA critics allege? This article argues that it is easy to overestimate the additional emigration from rural Mexico owing to NAFTA-related economic restructuring in Mexico. The available evidence suggests four major reasons why Mexican emigration may not increase massively, despite extensive restructuring and displacement from traditional agriculture....NAFTA-related economic displacement in Mexico may yield an initial wave of migration to test the U.S. labor market, but this migration should soon diminish if the jobs that these migrants seek shift to Mexico." PMID:12287568
Cornelius, W A; Martin, P L
Tornado climatology of the contiguous United States
The characteristics of tornadoes that were reported in the contiguous United States for the period from January 1, 1954, through December 31, 1983, have been computed from data in the National Severe Storms Forecast Center tornado data base. The characteristics summarized in this report include frequency and locations of tornadoes, and their lengths, widths, and areas. Tornado strike and intensity probabilities have been estimated on a regional basis, and these estimates have been used to compute wind speeds with 10/sup -5/, 10/sup -6/, and 10/sup -7/ yr/sup -1/ probabilities of occurrence. The 10/sup -7/ yr/sup -1/ wind speeds range from below 200 mph in the western United States to about 330 mph in the vicinity of Kansas and Nebraska. The appendices contain extensive tabulations of tornado statistics. Variations of the characteristics within the contiguous United States are presented in the summaries. Separate tabulations are provided for the contiguous United States, for each state, for each 5/sup 0/ and 1/sup 0/ latitude and longitude box, and for the eastern and western United States.
Ramsdell, J.V.; Andrews, G.L.
New Mexico State University Arrowhead Center PROSPER Project
This document is the final technical report of the Arrowhead Center Prosper Project at New Mexico State University. The Prosper Project was a research and public policy initiative funded by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The Prosper project (DOE Grant Number DE-NT0004397) began on October 1, 2008 (FY2009, Quarter 1) and ended on December 31, 2012 (FY2013, Quarter 1). All project milestones were completed on time and within the budget. This report contains a summary of ten technical reports resulting from research conducted during the project. This report also contains a detailed description of the research dissemination and outreach activities of the project including a description of the policy impacts of the project. The report also describes project activities that will be maintained after the end of the project.
Peach, James
Elevations and Distances in the United States
Using surveys and topographic maps, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) has determined distances between points and elevations of features, and put them into a data format at this website. Elevations of the 50 largest cities, highest and lowest points in each state, summits over 14,000 feet, summits east of the Rocky Mountains, geographic centers of each state, length of US boundaries, and extreme distances are covered at this site.
Introductions of West Nile Virus Strains to Mexico
Complete genome sequencing of 22 West Nile virus isolates suggested 2 independent introductions into Mexico. A previously identified mouse-attenuated glycosylation variant was introduced into southern Mexico through the southeastern United States, while a common US genotype appears to have been introduced incrementally into northern Mexico through the southwestern United States.
Deardorff, Eleanor; Estrada-Franco, Jose G.; Brault, Aaron C.; Navarro-Lopez, Roberto; Campomanes-Cortes, Arturo; Paz-Ramirez, Pedro; Solis-Hernandez, Mario; Ramey, Wanichaya N.; Davis, C. Todd; Beasley, David W.C.; Tesh, Robert B.; Barrett, Alan D.T.
The economic impact of Sandia National Laboratories on Central New Mexico and the State of New Mexico Fiscal Year 1998
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is a Department of Energy federally funded national security laboratory that uses engineering and science to ensure the security of the Nation. SNL provides scientific and engineering solutions to meet national needs in nuclear weapons and related defense systems, energy security, and environmental integrity. SNL works in partnerships with universities and industry to enhance their mission and transfer technology that will address emerging national challenges for both government and industry. For several years, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Albuquerque Operations Office (AL) and New Mexico State University (NMSU) have maintained an inter-industry, input-output (I/O) model with capabilities to assess the impacts of developments initiated outside the economy such as federal DOE monies that flow into the state, on an economy. This model will be used to assess economic, personal income and employment impacts of SNL on Central New Mexico and the State of New Mexico. Caution should be exercised when comparing economic impacts between fiscal years prior to this report. The I/O model was rebased for FY 1998. The fringe benefits coefficients have been updated for the FY 1996 and FY 1997 economic impacts analysis. Prior to FY 1993 two different I/O base models were used to estimate the impacts. New technical information was released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), U.S. Department of Commerce in 1991 and in 1994 and was incorporated in FY 1991, FY 1993, and FY 1994 I/O models. Also in 1993, the state and local tax coefficients and expenditure patterns were updated from a 1986 study for the FY 1992 report. Further details about the input-output model can be found in ''The Economic Impact of the Department of Energy on the State of New Mexico--FY 1998'' report by Lansford, et al. (1999). For this report, the reference period is FY 1998 (October 1, 1997, through September 30, 1998) and includes two major impact analyses: The impact of SNL activities on Central New Mexico and the economic impacts of SNL on the state of New Mexico. For purposes of this report, the Central New Mexico Region includes: Bernalillo, Sandoval, Valencia, and Torrance Counties (Figure 1). Total impact represents both direct and indirect resending by business, including induced effects (resending by households). The standard multipliers used in determining impacts result from the inter-industry, input-output models developed for the four-county region and the state of New Mexico.
Lansford, Robert R.; Adcock, Larry D.; Gentry, Lucille M.; Ben-David, Shaul; Temple, John
Business and politics in the United States and United Kingdom
Conclusion A central objective of the business mobilization of the late 1970s and early 1980s in both the United States and Great Britain\\u000a was to restore company profits to levels of an earlier decade. In the name of "reindustrialization" and "recapitalizing capitalism,"\\u000a government spending was targeted as the chief impediment to such prosperity.64 In the American case, government restraint on business
Michael Useem
43 CFR 3503.15 - May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States on land I hold under a private land...
...2013-10-01 false May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States...Management § 3503.15 May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States...New Mexico, you may obtain a lease for gold and silver reserved to the United...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...2011-10-01 false May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States...Management § 3503.15 May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States...New Mexico, you may obtain a lease for gold and silver reserved to the United...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...2012-10-01 false May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States...Management § 3503.15 May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States...New Mexico, you may obtain a lease for gold and silver reserved to the United...
...2010-10-01 false May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States...Management § 3503.15 May I lease the gold or silver reserved to the United States...New Mexico, you may obtain a lease for gold and silver reserved to the United...
Cross Border Waters: Fragile Treasures for the 21st Century. U.S./Mexico Border States Conference on Recreation, Parks, and Wildlife (9th). Held in Tucson, Arizona on June 3-6, 1998.
This conference brought together scientists and resource managers from government, universities, and private organizations in the United States and Mexico. In a continuing international forum, participants exchanged information on existing or potential co...
C. B. Edminster G. J. Gottfried M. C. Dillon
76 FR 1975 - Disestablishment of United States Joint Forces Command
...Disestablishment of United States Joint Forces Command Presidential Documents Federal Register...Disestablishment of United States Joint Forces Command Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense...disestablishment of United States Joint Forces Command, effective on a date to be...
Copyright Law of the United States of America.
The contents of this publication of the United States copyright law include: (1) prefatory note; (2) Constitutional provision respecting copyright; (3) Copyright Law of the United States of America (Title 17, United States Code); (4) schedule of laws repo...
Lithospheric structure of the southwestern United States
This dissertation investigates the crustal structure in the southwestern United States using different geophysical techniques. Surface wave analysis of paths in the SBR, CP, RGR, SRM and GP were conducted. The Moho of TUC-EPT path in the SBR is estimated at 30 km with upper mantle velocity of 7.85 km/sec. The Moho for the TUC-ALQ path is estimated between 29-34 km with upper mantle velocity of 4.2 km/sec. This path passes through SBR, CP and RGR. The Moho for the GOL-ALQ path in the SRM and RGR is estimated between 40-45 km with upper mantle velocity of 7.9 km/sec. The Moho for ALQ-EPT path in the RGR is estimated between 32-37 km/sec showing thinning in crust toward the south. Crustal structure between EPT-JCT shows a gradual increase in velocity over the crust with the Moho estimated at 39-44 km depth, reflecting mostly the stable craton of the GP. The path between ALQ-LUB shows higher velocities in the lower crust of 4.0 km/sec with the Moho estimated at 37-42 km depth which is similar to EPT-JCT, showing the more stable craton of the GP. Shear wave velocities for the GOL-DAL-LUB path derived from the inversion are 3.2 km/sec for the upper crust (17 km thick), 3.9 km/sec for the lower crust (25 km thick), and 4.1 km/sec for the uppermost mantle. Crustal structure for the path LUB-GOL-RCD path derived from the inversion shows a gradual increase of velocity with the Moho estimated at a depth of 42-47 km. Receiver function analysis was conducted for the Lajitas seismic station for all three back azimuths, NW, SE and SW. Moho depth is estimated at 34-36 km with shear wave velocities of 4.2 km/sec in the uppermost mantle for all back azimuths. These results suggest that the RGR extends south, but its effect is minimized compared to the El Paso area. Receiver function results from the ANMO seismic station for all three back azimuths SW, SE and NW show the Moho at a depth of 36 km. Analysis of three seismic lines in southern New Mexico show a Moho depth of 30-32 km with velocity of 7.6--7.7 km/sec Gravity database for the US was complied and bad, duplicate, redundant, erroneous points were removed from the dataset. The database was stored in a relational database and its accessible from http://gis.utep.edu or http://research.utep.edu/paces or http://www.geongrid.org.
Al-Douri, Raed
76 FR 69734 - Public Water System Supervision Program Revision for the State of New Mexico
Notice is hereby given that the State of New Mexico is revising its approved Public Water System Supervision Program. New Mexico has adopted the Lead and Copper Rule Short Term Revisions. The purpose of this rule is to improve control and reduce the risk of lead and copper in drinking water. EPA has determined that this rule revision submitted by New Mexico is no less stringent than the......
Earthquake history of the United States
This publication is a history of the prominent earthquakes in the United States from historical times through 1970. It supersedes all previous editions with the same or similar titles (see page ii) and, in addition to updating earthquake listings through 1970, contains several additions and corrections to previous issues. It also brings together under a common cover earthquake data previously listed in two separate reports: Earthquake History of the United States, Part I, Stronger Earthquakes of the United States (Exclusive of California and Western Nevada) and Earthquake History of the United States, Part II, Stronger Earthquakes of California and Western Nevada. Another addition to this publication is the inclusion of a section describing earthquakes in the Puerto Rico region. For the purpose of listing and describing earthquakes, the United States has been divided into nine regions: (1) Northeastern Region, which includes New England and New York activity and observations of the principal earthquakes of eastern Canada; (2) Eastern Region, including the central Appalachian seismic region activity and the area near Charleston, S.C.; (3) Central Region, which consists of the area between the region just described and the Rocky Mountains; (4) Western Mountain Region, which includes all remaining states except those on the Pacific coast; (5) Washington and Oregon; (6) Alaska; (7) Hawaii; (8) Puerto Rico; and (9) California and Western Nevada. This arrangement has been made chiefly with reference to the natural seismic divisions. It also is a convenient arrangement because there are only three states where there is an important division of earthquake activity: In Tennessee, there are quite distinct areas at opposite ends of the state that fall into different regions. Only central and eastern Nevada are included in the Western Mountain Region, as the activity of the western part is closely associated with that of California. Some earthquake activity has occurred in the part of Texas located in the Western Mountain Region. The map facing page 1 shows locations of all earthquakes in the regions that follow. A small map showing the area covered by each region immediately precedes the résumé of each chapter (except for the Alaska, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii regions). The seismic risk map below was developed in January 1969 for the conterminous United States by Dr. S. T. Algermissen of NOAA's Environmental Research Laboratories. Subject to revision as continuing research warrants, it is an updated edition of a map divides the United States into four zones: Zone 0, areas with no reasonable expectancy of earthquake damage; Zone 1, expected minor damage; Zone 2, expected moderate damage; and Zone 3, major destructive earthquakes may occur.
edited by Coffman, Jerry L.; von Hake, Carl A.; Stover, Carl W.
Insurance literacy in the United States.
Health insurance reform in the United States can be traced back to former President Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 who called for universal health coverage. Since that time, various U.S. Presidents attempted to intervene to cover all Americans with some form of compulsory insurance. The election of President Barack Obama in 2008 was believed to be a beginning of a new dialog to transform health care in the United States by redesigning the insurance system in the country. The issue of insurance literacy and the need to educate citizens on insurance terminology are the focus of this article. PMID:20136026
Howard, Diane
The United States Government Manual -- 2001/ 2002
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) released the latest edition of the United States Government Manual on the US Government Printing Office Website September 5 (last year's edition is discussed in the September 15, 2000 Scout Report). The 693-page manual covers agencies in all three branches of the government as well as "quasi-official agencies; international organizations in which the United States participates; and boards, commissions, and committees." Agency descriptions include main officials, the agency's purpose and history, its activities, and a section entitled "Sources of Interest," which gives information such as employment, publications, and other
Tobacco quitlines in the United States.
Tobacco use is the number one preventable cause of death and disability in the United States today. In 2003, the Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health recommended to establish a federally funded national tobacco quitline network by 2005. Quitlines are telephone-based programs that assist tobacco users to quit. The combination of health professionals referring patients to an accessible, evidence-based, cost-effective cessation resource can produce a substantial reduction in the number of tobacco users in the United States. Initiatives to increase knowledge and working relationships between nurses and quitlines need to be created, implemented, and evaluated. PMID:22289401
Fildes, Elizabeth E; Wilson, Marta A T; Crawford, Betty Jo; Kapella-Mshigeni, Salome; Wilson, Lisa A; Henkelman, Wallace
Emergence of hantaviral disease in the southwestern United States.
Hantaviruses are parasites of small mammals, predominantly peridomestic and commensal rodents. They have a worldwide distribution. Hantavirus-related illness occurs in rural areas where humans come into contact with rodents. In most cases human infection is manifested by one of a variety of acute illnesses involving hemorrhagic fever and renal disease. In May 1993, a cluster of patients with an acute pulmonary disease with high mortality was noted in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. Serologic and genetic studies indicated that the etiologic agent was a novel hantavirus. The uncertainty engendered by the emergence of a new disease with high mortality forced a rapid response by state and federal agencies and by the University of New Mexico Medical Center, Albuquerque, where most patients from this region were referred. Considerable progress has been made in identifying infected cases on clinical and laboratory grounds and in ensuring that appropriate supportive care is made available to patients as soon as they are suspected of having hantaviral infection. Cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--both new and retrospectively diagnosed--are still being recognized throughout the western United States. Many important questions remain unanswered. Images
Hjelle, B; Jenison, S; Mertz, G; Koster, F; Foucar, K
Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians in the United States: 1999
... 1999 Hypertext Format Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians in the United States: 1999 Portable ... and Technicians in the United States: 1999 This report is available in hypertext (.htm) and ...
Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians in the United States: 2000
... Engineers, and Technicians in the United States: 2000 Detailed Statistical Tables Hypertext ... Technicians in the United States: 2000 Portable Document Format (.pdf) Scientists, Engineers, and ...
Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians in the United States: 1998
... Engineers, and Technicians in the United States: 1998 Detailed Statistical Tables Hypertext Format ... Technicians in the United States: 1998 Portable Document Format (.pdf) Scientists, Engineers, and ...
Estimated Water Flows in 2005: United States
Flow charts depicting water use in the United States have been constructed from publicly available data and estimates of water use patterns. Approximately 410,500 million gallons per day of water are managed throughout the United States for use in farming, power production, residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Water is obtained from four major resource classes: fresh surface-water, saline (ocean) surface-water, fresh groundwater and saline (brackish) groundwater. Water that is not consumed or evaporated during its use is returned to surface bodies of water. The flow patterns are represented in a compact 'visual atlas' of 52 state-level (all 50 states in addition to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands) and one national water flow chart representing a comprehensive systems view of national water resources, use, and disposition.
Smith, C A; Belles, R D; Simon, A J
The United States Show Caves Directory
This guide provides information about caves in the United States which are open to the public. The directory is arranged by state and provides locations, operating hours, and telephone numbers for all caves in the U. S. which are developed for public access. Other materials include tips for visitors, a tutorial on cave photography, and a link to the "Virtual Cave," which includes maps and photos of different types of caves.
Revisiting the Hispanic Paradox in the United States: the role of smoking
More than three decades of health disparities research in the United States has consistently found lower adult mortality risks among Hispanics than their non-Hispanic white counterparts, despite lower socioeconomic status among Hispanics. Explanations for the "Hispanic Paradox" include selective migration and cultural factors, though neither has received convincing support. This paper uses a large nationally representative survey of health and smoking behavior to examine whether smoking can explain life expectancy advantage of Hispanics over US-born non-Hispanics whites, with special attention to individuals of Mexican origin. It tests the selective migration hypothesis using data on smoking among Mexico-to-US migrants in Mexico and the United States. Both US-born and foreign-born Mexican-Americans exhibit a life expectancy advantage vis-ŕ-vis whites. All other Hispanics only show a longevity advantage among the foreign-born, while those born in the United States are disadvantaged relative to whites. Smoking-attributable mortality explains the majority of the advantage for Mexican-Americans, with more than 60% of the gap deriving from lower rates of smoking among Mexican-Americans. There is no evidence of selective migration with respect to smoking; Mexicans who migrate to the US smoke at similar rates to Mexicans who remain in Mexico, with both groups smoking substantially less than non-Hispanic whites in the US. The results suggest that more research is needed to effectively explain the low burden of smoking among Mexican-Americans in the United States.
Fenelon, Andrew
Gangs in the United States and Europe
The general aim of this report is to bring up to date portions of the material published recently (Klein, 1995) on street gangs in the United States and Europe, much of which was current only through 1992. This will be done in two ways: by reporting on new material on European street gangs gathered since 1992, 2 and by describing
Malcolm W. Klein
Haitian Students in the United States.
Discusses issues faced by Haitian students in the United States, examining Haiti's two distinct societies and describing the effect of Haitian culture on students of Haitian descent in U.S. public schools. Explains how children of Haitian descent must cope with U.S. education and discusses the bilingual challenge for such students. (SM)
Savain, Roger E.
Farm Population of the United States: 1982.
According to estimates prepared by the Bureau of the Census and the Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, the 1982 farm population of 5,620,000, or 2.4% of the national population, continued a long downward trend. About 45% of farm residents lived in the North Central region, 35% in the South, 13% in the West,…
Banks, Vera J.; Mills, Karen M.
Crustal structure of the northwestern United States
The region of the northwestern United States between the Rocky Mountains and the Cascade Range, which is about 1000 km in length and is between 400 and 700 km in width was examined. The western edge of the study area occupies a position approximately 250 km east of the subduction zone between the Juan De Fuca and North American lithospheric
Rufus Douglas Catchings
Autism in the United States: a Perspective
Once rare, autism has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. The increase cannot be attributed to changes in diagnostic criteria, which have actually become more restrictive. Already a heavy burden on educational facilities, the increasing number of patients afflicted with this serious disability will have an enormous effect on the economy as the affected children reach adulthood. Studies of
F. Edward Yazbak
Nonstandard Employment in the Nonmetropolitan United States
We examine the prevalence of nonstandard employment in the nonmetropolitan United States using the Current Population Survey Supplement on Contingent Work (1999 and 2001). We find that nonstandard work is more prevalent in nonmetropolitan than in central city or suburban areas. Logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic and work…
McLaughlin, Diane K.; Coleman-Jensen, Alisha J.
United States Cancer Statistics - SEER Publications
SEER is an authoratitive source of information on cancer incidence and survival in the United States. SEER currently collects and publishes cancer incidence and survival data from population-based cancer registries covering approximately 28 percent of the U.S. population.
United States Park Police: A History.
The United States Park Police is a unique organization within the National Park Service (NPS). It is the oldest NPS component, predating its adoptive parent by half a century (or more, some would argue). Its personnel wear distinctive uniforms, perform sp...
B. Mackintosh
Educational Attainment in the United States: 2007
This report provides a portrait of educational attainment in the United States based on data collected in the 2007 American Community Survey (ACS) and data collected in 2008 and earlier in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the Current Population Survey (CPS). Previous U.S. Census Bureau reports on this topic were based on…
Crissey, Sarah R.
United States Average Wind Power by Season.
These wind resource maps are based on a synthesis of 12 regional assessments covering the United States and its territories. The four seasons are defined as: Winter-December, January, and February; Spring-March, April, and May; Summer-June, July, and Augu...
United States Animal Health Report, 2007.
This is the fourth annual report produced by the U.S. Department of Agricultures (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) on the status of animal health in the United States. The report includes updates on new and existing programs, condu...
United States National Strategy in Panama.
The spectacle of the United States being defied by someone who was little better than a street thug in the fall of 1989 was the beginning of this paper. How did we get to the position where General Manuel Antonio Noriega could laugh at our threats. This p...
M. K. Evenson
Atmospheric concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter continue to exceed their standards in many parts of the eastern United States. However, the peak concentration levels and number of ozone exceedances have decreased substantially in recent years due, in part, to the...
2011 floods of the central United States
* Do floods contribute to the transport and fate of contaminants that affect human and ecosystem health? In an effort to help address these and other questions, USGS Professional Paper 1798 consists of independent but complementary chapters dealing with various scientific aspects of the 2011 floods in the Central United States.
United States: Exploring the Marriage Debate
As citizens of the United States respond to legislative and judicial actions that have challenged the prohibition against same-sex couples receiving marriage licenses, schools have a timely opportunity to engage students on this most important debate. Educators can help their students understand the full significance of this issue by encouraging…
Carter, Julie H.
The United States Needs German Economic Leadership
Only together can the United States and Germany keep the global economy integrated--by removing agricultural roadblocks to a WTO deal, coordinating on relations with China, and securing the flow of international investment. The new German chancellor, Angela Merkel, could save the Doha Round by reinterpreting the budget deal just made on agricultural support funds at the EU summit, something US
Adam S. Posen
United States Security Policy in Latin America.
The Honorable Lester B. Pearson, Prime Minister of Canada during the early 1960's, once described the experience of being a nation on the borders of the United States as like being in bed with an elephant no matter how friendly or well intentioned the ele...
S. R. Nichols H. J. Wiarda
The United States sounding rocket program
The United States sounding rocket program is discussed. The program is concerned with the fields of solar physics, galactic astronomy, fields and particles, ionospheric physics, aeronomy, and meteorology. Sounding rockets are described with respect to propulsion systems, gross weight, and capabilities. Instruments used to conduct ionospheric probing missions are examined. Results of previously conducted sounding rocket missions are included.
Big Broadband Connectivity in the United States
The economic and social future of the United States depends on answering the growing demand for very high-speed broadband connectivity, a capability termed "big broadband." Failure to take on the challenge could lead to a decline in global competitiveness and an inability to educate students. (Contains 20 notes.)
Windhausen, John, Jr.
Affirmative Action in the United States.
This paper presents a broad overview of affirmative action in the United States, in regard to the provision of equality for Blacks, Hispanics, and women. Section I presents a brief history, while section II summarizes current policies that require or encourage the conscious use of race and sex as a remedial device in allocating jobs or educational…
Taylor, William L.
Computer Use in the United States: 1984.
This report provides statistical information on computer use in the United States in 1984, including home, work, and school use, and use according to socioeconomic status, race, and sex. The data show that over 15 million American adults owned home computers, but only 53% actually use them. About 8% of U.S. households, or 6.98 million, had a…
Kominski, Robert
Classical Linguistics in the United States.
Reviews the history of classical linguistic studies in the United States. Cites many of the important American classicists from the nineteenth century to the present. Also gives the history of some scholarly organizations, including the Linguistic Society of America and the American Philological Association. (LMO)
Poultney, James W.
Air quality management in the United States
In 2004, the National Research Council released Air Quality Management in the United States, a report prepared in response to a congressional request for an independent evaluation of the overall effectiveness of the Clean Air Act. Based on that report, this article summarizes the committee's findings and recommendations. 10 refs., 2 figs.
William Chameides; Daniel Greenbaum; Raymond Wassel; K. John Holmes; Karl Gustavson; Amanda Staudt
Coastal Storms of the Eastern United States.
Storms resulting in damage to the East Coast of the United States over the past 42 years have been classified into eight different synoptic situations: hurricanes; wave developments well east of the southeast coast or in the vicinity of Cuba; wave develop...
J. R. Mather H. Adams G. A. Yoshioka
United States-Japan: An Economic View.
The Cold War is over, the communist threat is gone and the global community has shifted from a bipolar to a multipolar world. Old alliances established as security against the threat are in question. The need for the United States to expend military resou...
W. F. Wall
The history of development of alternative sewers in the United States is discussed along with their basic design features and extent of their use at the present time. Guidance is provided in the form of field experience and rational projections for engineers to estimate the capit...
Global Communication: Role of United States Universities.
Describes activities of the Carter Center that focus on helping developing countries and suggests mutually beneficial roles universities in the United States could play. Topics discussed include the involvement of business in schools; the use of technology; foreign aid; planning for the future; and linking major universities with developing…
Carter, Jimmy
Managing nuclear weapons in the United States
This report discusses the management and security of nuclear weapons in the post-cold war United States. The definition of what constitutes security is clearly changing in the US. It is now a much more integrated view that includes defense and the economy. The author tries to bring some semblance of order to these themes in this brief adaptation of a presentation.
Miller, G.
Orienteering: Growth Patterns in the United States.
The history of orienteering in the United States includes both military and civilian interest, with the period of greatest growth between 1970 and 1980. To investigate growth patterns in orienteering, questionnaires were mailed to 42 civilian orienteering clubs and 286 universities supporting senior Reserve Office Training Corps (ROTC)…
Jeffery, Charles F.
Acute Liver Failure in the United States
In the last 5 years the use of a multicenter approach has helped to define acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States. Drug-related hepatotoxicity comprises more than 50% of cases of ALF, including acetaminophen toxicity (40%) and idiosyncratic drugs (approximately 12%). Nearly 20% of cases remain of unknown etiology. Outcome of ALF is determined by etiology; by the degree
William M. Lee
Internationalizing Teacher Education in the United States
As countries become increasingly interdependent, student populations in the United States are becoming more culturally diverse. These students' transnational perspectives present significant challenges to teachers, but a disconnect exists between the skills teachers need and those provided to them by colleges of education. As teacher preparation…
Shaklee, Beverly D., Ed.; Baily, Supriya, Ed.
The accuracy of United States precipitation data
Precipitation measurements in the United States (as well as all other countries) are adversely affected by the gauge undercatch bias of point precipitation measurements. When these measurements are used to obtain areal averages, particularly in mountainous terrain, additional biases may be introduced because most stations are at lower elevations in exposed sites. Gauge measurements tend to be underestimates of the
Pavel Ya. Groisman; David R. Legates
Undergraduate nursing education in the United States
Nursing education in the United States began in the 1870s with hospital training schools modeled after the Nightingale plan. Presently there are three educational paths that students may take to become a registered nurse (RN). These are the baccalaureate degree (BS), the associate degree (AD) and the diploma. Accelerated nursing programs are also available for people who have a baccalaureate
Susan A. LaRocco
Early Marriage in the United States
Despite drastic changes in the American family, a significant minority of Americans marry early. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 14,165), this study evaluates the prevalence and antecedents of early marriage in the United States. The results indicate 25% of women and 16% of men marry before age 23, and…
Uecker, Jeremy E.; Stokes, Charles E.
Community Colleges in the United States.
This issue discusses the importance of the community college to higher education in the United States. Contained are six articles: (1) "America's Community Colleges: On the Ascent," by Arthur M. Cohen, which places the strengths and challenges of the American community college within a historical context; (2) "Lamps Beside the Golden Door," by…
Lundberg, Richard, Ed.
United States Policy for Southern Africa.
Southern Africa is a region that is of major (not vital) interest to the United States. It is a region dominated by South Africa, possessing vast mineral resources and torn by armed conflict. This paper outlines a proposed US national security policy for ...
P. E. Stein
Education Control in the United States.
The structure of educational control in the United States is said to have evolved from theocratic to professional to bureaucratic forms, and finally to a tightly integrated form of technocratic control heralded by new forms of technology, sophisticated types of administration, and the Supreme Court decision concerning Yeshiva. (Author/MLW)
Burris, Beverly H.; Heydebrand, Wolf V.
Prospecting for Gold in the United States
This United States Geological Survey (USGS) publication discusses gold prospecting in the US. The history of prospecting is covered, as well as where in the US gold can still be found and accounts of successful gold mining. Deposits of gold are also explained, including placer deposits and lode gold. Selected references for additional reading are given.
Kirkemo, Harold
Eye Examination Findings Among Children. United States.
Reported were extensive statistical data on the prevalence of abnormal eye conditions found on examination, heterophoria test results, and history of eye problems as well as extent of interrelationship of the eye examination and vision test findings among children aged 6 to 11 years in the United States, based on findings from the Health…
Health Services and Mental Health Administration (DHEW), Bethesda, MD.
Contemporary African Immigrants to The United States
The severe economic difficulties, increased poverty and the political instability that have plagued many African countries in the last two decades have resulted in the large scale migration of Africans Europe and the United States. Unlike their counterparts in the 1960s and 70s who were anxious to return home after acquiring an American education in order to contribute in the
Joseph Takougang
Unauthorized Aliens in the United States
[Excerpt] The unauthorized alien (illegal alien) population in the United States is a key and controversial immigration issue. In recent years, competing views on how to address this population have proved to be a major obstacle to enacting comprehensive immigration reform legislation. The unauthorized alien issue is likely to be a key challenge if, as the Senate Majority Leader and
Automotive Transport in the United States
The American economy has become geared to motor transport to a degree that has made the automotive in dustries the number one combination of economic acivities in the United States. Whether the measurement is production, em ployment, consumer outlays, tons of materials or miles of travel, the motor vehicle and its operation have assumed a commanding role in nearly everything
Wilfred Owen
Restoring Fiscal Equilibrium in the United States
The United States faces a "fiscal cliff" at the end of calendar year 2012, when the two major tax cuts from the Bush era and some other tax provisions will expire and in the absence of action scheduled reductions in spending will begin. The subsequent increase in taxes and reduction in spending would dramatically tighten the federal budget deficit at
William R. Cline
Coastal eutrophication assessment in the United States
Recent national assessments document that nitrogen-driven coastal eutrophication is widespread and increasing in the United States. This significant coastal pollution problem includes impacts including increased areas and severity of hypoxic and anoxic waters; alteration of food webs; degradation and loss of sea grass beds, kelp beds and coral reefs; loss of biodiversity; and increased incidences and duration of harmful algal
Donald Scavia; Suzanne B. Bricker
Ground Water Contamination in the United States
Ground water contamination is of increasing concern in the United States because about 50 percent of our drinking water comes from well water. The causes of contamination stem from both point sources and nonpoint sources. Since ground water moves slowly, the contaminant may affect only a small portion of an aquifer for a considerable period of time. Deleterious effects on
Veronica I. Pye; Ruth Patrick
Helium resources of the United States, 1989
The helium resources base of the United States was estimated by the Bureau of Mines to be 894.6 Bcf as of January 1, 1989. These resources are divided into four categories in decreasing degree of the assurance of their existence: (1) helium in storage and in proved natural gas reserves, 282.4 Bcf; (2) helium in probable natural gas resources, estimated
Richard D. Miller; John E. Hamak
Can the United States Defeat Radical Islam.
On September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda and affiliated jihadist organizations declared war on the United States. Since that day, the U.S. government has initiated a series of policies, legislation and actions to confront the new threat. Seven years into the war, ...
M. E. Hanratty
United States Bone and Joint Decade
... have come together as part of the United States Bone and Joint Initiative (USBJI) to improve prevention of bone and joint disorders, and the quality of life for those affected. This goal begins with increased awareness, solid information and more research. The USBJI believes that ...
Health, United States, 1981. [Sixth Annual Report].
This document provides the sixth annual report on the health status of the citizens of the United States. Submitted by the Secretary of Health and Human Services to the President and Congress in compliance with Section 308 of the Public Health Services Act, the report presents statistics concerning recent trends in the health care sector along…
National Center for Health Services Research (DHHS/PHS), Hyattsville, MD.
Renewable Energy Atlas of the United States.
The Renewable Energy Atlas (Atlas) of the United States is a compilation of geospatial data focused on renewable energy resources, federal land ownership, and base map reference information. It is designed for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Ser...
A. Carr J. A. Kuiper K. G. Hlava
Bullying in Europe and the United States.
Examines nature and scope of group violence among children in schools on both sides of Atlantic Ocean. Reviews studies of student attitudes about victimization and offers suggestions for prevention and treatment of bullying. Focus is on studies on bullying undertaken in Europe, mostly Scandinavia, and in United States (Author/NB)
Hoover, John H.; Juul, Kristen
CTS United States experiments. A progress report
The results are presented of the United States experiments activity to date. Wide segments of the population are involved in the Experiments Program including the scientific community, other government agencies, industry, and the education and health entities. The experiments are associated with both technological objectives and the demonstration of new community and social services via satellite.
Robbins, W. H.; Donoughe, P. L.
AED in the United States of America
The Academy for Educational Development's (AED's) work in the United States includes programs with many of the nation's major foundations on issues of education reform, parental involvement in the schools, youth development and bridging the distance between school, work, and successful university education. The projects described here cover a wide…
Academy for Educational Development, 2007
New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey (YRRS). 2005 Report of State Results
In the fall of 2005, the New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey (NM YRRS) was conducted in New Mexico public high schools, with 5,679 students in grades nine through twelve participating from 20 public high schools in the state. The NM YRRS is a tool that can assist administrators and policy makers in identifying health risk behaviors among…
Green, Dan; Penaloza, Linda J.; Chrisp, Eric; Dillon, Mary; Cassell, Carol M.; Tsinajinnie, Eugene; Rinehart, Judith; Ortega, Willa
Current State of Environmental Education in Mexico: A Study on Practices, Audiences, Settings, and Topics
Environmental education in Mexico takes many forms and plays a wide variety of roles. Through an online survey, we addressed the need to present a wider picture on the current state of environmental education practices in Mexico: Who is engaging in environmental education practices, how important is it for their organization, who are they…
Marcos-Iga, Jose; Shaw, William
Color Landform Atlas of the United States
For those with an interest in historical US maps, this site will be of value. Ray Sterner of the Johns Hopkins University has relaunched his Color Landform Atlas of the United States (discussed in the January 17, 1997 issue of the Scout Report). The highlight of this relaunch is the availability of 1895 Rand McNally state maps (for twenty-nine states at present). These maps are very large (usually over one megabyte) and detailed; counties are color-coded and railroad lines rather than roads are shown.
Sterner, Ray.
Climate Change Impacts on the United States
Sponsored by the US Global Change Research Project, this site contains the much-publicized draft report of the Climate Change Impacts on the United States National Assessment Project. This landmark project investigates the impacts of global climate change at a regional scale. The report includes an overview from the fourteen-member National Assessment Synthesis Team and the full text of the draft report containing information about the effects of climate change on specific regions of the United States and the future of the country's ecosystems. The text is in .pdf format and is accompanied by color figures and tables. The report has been put online for public review and a comments page with instructions for submitting responses via email is included.
National Atlas of the United States Maps
The 'National Atlas of the United States of America?', published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1970, is out of print, but many of its maps can be purchased separately. Maps that span facing pages in the atlas are printed on one sheet. Maps dated after 1970 and before 1997 are either revisions of original atlas maps or new maps published in the original atlas format. The USGS and its partners in government and industry began work on a new 'National Atlas' in 1997. Though most new atlas products are designed for the World Wide Web, we are continuing our tradition of printing high-quality maps of America. In 1998, the first completely redesigned maps of the 'National Atlas of the United States?' were published.
Geological Survey (U.S.)
Novel Arenavirus Infection in Humans, United States
Immunoglobulin G against Whitewater Arroyo virus or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus was found in 41 (3.5%) of 1,185 persons in the United States who had acute central nervous system disease or undifferentiated febrile illnesses. The results of analyses of antibody titers in paired serum samples suggest that a North American Tacaribe serocomplex virus was the causative agent of the illnesses in 2 persons and that lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus was the causative agent of the illnesses in 3 other antibody-positive persons in this study. The results of this study suggest that Tacaribe serocomplex viruses native to North America, as well as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, are causative agents of human disease in the United States.
Milazzo, Mary Louise; Campbell, Grant L.
Economic Survey of the United States, 2000
Offering the "assessments and recommendation of the 2000 OECD Economic Survey of the United States," this eight-page policy brief from the OECD presents an excellent overview of the status of the US economy. This document aims to answer eight main questions including, "Is the US economy on a higher growth path?" "What are the sources of tension in the economy?" "What monetary policy stance is called for?" and "Are budget surpluses at risk?" Each question is addressed in a compact answer, many with accompanying, easy-to-understand charts and graphs. Contact information and links to related OECD publications are also included at the end of the report. Economic Survey of the United States, 2000 is one in a series of policy briefs on several countries, including the recently released reports on the Netherlands and the Russian Federation.
Design and Construction of the NMSU (New Mexico State University) Geothermally Heated Greenhouse Research Facility.
The report describes the design, construction and performance of the New Mexico State University (NMSU) Geothermal Greenhouse Research Facility. Two 6,000-square-foot greenhouses were built on the NMSU campus and supplied with geothermal energy for heatin...
R. Schoenmackers
United States Copyright Law and Software Piracy on United States Air Force Microcomputers.
This study looked at the United States Copyright Law and its applications to computer software. The study looked at USAF policies and regulations governing the protection of copyrighted software. The literature review, including personal correspondence wi...
J. C. Sorensen
Annual Hydroclimatology of the Continental United States
The annual hydroclimatology of the continental United States is explored using a unique set of monthly hydroclimatic time-series which accounts for the complex variations in hydrology and climate. Several approaches are compared for estimating the long-term water balance, the interannual variability of streamflow and climate elasticity of streamflow at 1337 watersheds in the continental U.S. Budyko-type relations which predict actual
S. Arumugam; R. Vogel
Physician Assistant Education in the United States
As physician assistant (PA) programs developed in the 1960s, curriculum models emerged around the central themes of physician-dependent practice and competency-based education. By 2007, there were 136 accredited programs in the United States, with 108 (79%) offering a master-degree curriculum. PA program preclinical and clinical curricula are typically evenly divided in length, and the typical U.S. PA program has a
P. Eugene Jones
Vietnamese culinary herbs in the United States
Identification, cultivation, chemistry, and uses of nine Vietnamese herbs, hitherto rare or unknown in the United States,\\u000a are discussed:Giâp Cá (Houttuynia cordata),Lá Lôt (Piper lolot), Rau R?m (Polygonum odoratum),Rau Muông (Ipomoea aquatica),Ngň Gai (Eryngium foetidum),Rau Cân (Oenanthe javanica),Cân Dây Lá (Plectranthus amboinicus),Tía Tô (Perilla frutescens), andRau Ngo (Limnophila aromatica).
K. R. Kuebel; Arthur O. Tucker
Statistical computing in the United States.
Recent history and developments related to the increase in statistical computing activities in the United States and by U.S. participants in international efforts are reviewed, with emphasis on important events, organizations, references, and products which contribute to informed selection and use of statistical programs. Three features matrices for major statistical packages are included as potential aids to Japanese statisticians in assessing the utility of these packages in biostatistical applications.
Milton, R C
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) provides a Web page covering "Basic Facts About Registering A Trademark." Topics include establishing trademark rights, applications, who may apply, searching for conflicting marks, and use of the "TM," "SM" and "circled R" symbols. The information presented here has been quoted on the 'Net often recently with respect to the relationship (or lack thereof) between domain names and trademarks.
The United States of America Country Update
Geothermal energy is used for electric power generation and direct utilization in the United States. The present installed capacity (gross) for electric power generation is 2,534 MWe with about 2,000 MWe net delivering power to the grid producing approximately 17,840 GWh per year for a 80.4% gross capacity factor. Geothermal electric power plants are located in California, Nevada, Utah and
John W. Lund; R. Gordon Bloomquist; Tonya L. Boyd; Joel Renner
Environmental health collaboration: United States and Russia
Developed nations share similar challenges to human health from commercial and agricultural chemicals that are released into the environment. Although Russia and the United States are historically distinct and unique, both countries are geographically large and economically dependent on emission-producing surface transportation. This paper describes U.S.-Russian collaborative activities that grew from a 1995 conference in Moscow that brought together environmental
C. H. Rubin; R. L. Jones; B. Revich; S. L. Avaliani; E. Gurvich
National Atlas of the United States
Those interested in aerial photographs, satellite images, or maps as ways to conceptualize the world, will find this site interesting, entertaining, and educational. The US Dept. of Interior offers a National Atlas of the United States, an interactive resource that allows users to view part or all of the US and overlay layers of information including natural features, political boundaries, federal lands, roads, cities, or airports. These layers can be downloaded as compressed .tar.gz files.
Recent national assessments document that nitrogen-driven coastal eutrophication is widespread and increasing in the United\\u000a States. This significant coastal pollution problem includes impacts including increased areas and severity of hypoxic and\\u000a anoxic waters; alteration of food webs; degradation and loss of sea grass beds, kelp beds and coral reefs; loss of biodiversity;\\u000a and increased incidences and duration of harmful algal
Evolving Employment Relations in the United States
\\u000a Changes in the nature of employment relations have been the subject of much recent discussion in the United States and in\\u000a many other industrial nations. Popular and academic literature have heralded the ascendance of a variety of "nonstandard,"\\u000a "nontraditional," "atypical," or "contingent" work arrangements such as temporary work, contracting, and part-time work (see\\u000a Kalleberg 2000, for a review of this
Arne L. Kalleberg
Current Issues in Organic Food: United States
In this chapter, we look at the current issues surrounding organic food in the United States. We first look at production\\u000a issues such as profit, yield, crop insurance, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), input availability, market information,\\u000a number and size of organic farms, and development pressures. We then look at distribution and marketing issues such as the\\u000a definition of organic, market
Kent D. Olson
Crime in the United States: 1998
The FBI has released its annual Crime in the United States report for 1998 (preliminary data discussed in the May 18, 1999 Scout Report for Social Sciences). The report is based on the Bureau's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, which compiles data from over 17,000 city, county, and state law enforcement agencies nationwide. The report is offered in seven sections in .pdf format only: Summary of the UCR Program, Crime Index Offenses Reported, Crime Index Offenses Cleared, Persons Arrested, Incidents of Family Violence: A Special Study, Law Enforcement Personnel, and seven appendices.
Old-Age Disability and Wealth among Return Mexican Migrants from the United States
Objective To examine the old-age consequences of international migration with a focus on disability and wealth from the perspective of the origin country. Methods Analysis sample includes persons aged 60+ from the Mexican Health and Aging Study, a national survey of older-adults in Mexico in 2001. Univariate methods are used to present a comparative profile of return migrants. Multivariate models are estimated for physical disability and wealth. Results Gender differences are profound. Return migrant women are more likely to be disabled while men are wealthier than comparable older adults in Mexico. Discussion Compared to current older adults, younger cohorts of Mexico-U.S. migrants increasingly include women, and more migrants seem likely to remain in the United States rather than return, thus more research will be needed on the old-age conditions of migrants in both countries.
Wong, Rebeca; Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Cesar
Geographic distribution and genetic diversity of Whitewater Arroyo virus in the southwestern United States.
The purpose of this study was to extend our knowledge of the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of the arenavirus(es) associated with Neotoma species (woodrats) in the southwestern United States. Infectious arenavirus was recovered from 14 (3.3%) of 425 woodrats. The virus-positive species included N. albigula in New Mexico and Oklahoma, N. cinerea in Utah, N. mexicana in New Mexico and Utah, and N. micropus in Texas. Analyses of viral nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data indicated that all the isolates were strains of the Whitewater Arroyo virus, an arenavirus previously known only from northwestern New Mexico. Analyses of the sequence data also indicated that there can be substantial genetic diversity among strains of Whitewater Arroyo virus from conspecific woodrats collected from different localities and substantial genetic diversity among strains from different woodrat species collected from the same locality.
Fulhorst, C. F.; Charrel, R. N.; Weaver, S. C.; Ksiazek, T. G.; Bradley, R. D.; Milazzo, M. L.; Tesh, R. B.; Bowen, M. D.
Civil commitment in the United States.
This article reviews the academic literature on the psychiatric practice of civil commitment. It provides an overview of the history of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization in the United States-from the creation of the first asylum and the era of institutionalization to the movement of deinstitutionalization. The ethical conflict that the practice of involuntary hospitalization presents for providers, namely the conflict between the ethical duties of beneficence and respect for patient autonomy, is presented. The evolution of the United States commitment standards, from being based on a right to treatment for patients with mental illness to being based on dangerousness, as well as the implications that the changes in commitment criteria has had on patients and society, are discussed. Involuntary hospitalization of patient populations that present unique challenges for psychiatry (e.g., not guilty by reason of insanity acquittees, sex offenders, and individuals with eating disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders) is discussed. Finally, an overview of outpatient commitment is provided. By reading this article, one will learn the history of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization in the United States and gain an understanding of the ethical issues that make civil commitment one of the most controversial practices in modern psychiatry. PMID:22778709
Testa, Megan; West, Sara G
Civil Commitment in the United States
This article reviews the academic literature on the psychiatric practice of civil commitment. It provides an overview of the history of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization in the United States—from the creation of the first asylum and the era of institutionalization to the movement of deinstitutionalization. The ethical conflict that the practice of involuntary hospitalization presents for providers, namely the conflict between the ethical duties of beneficence and respect for patient autonomy, is presented. The evolution of the United States commitment standards, from being based on a right to treatment for patients with mental illness to being based on dangerousness, as well as the implications that the changes in commitment criteria has had on patients and society, are discussed. Involuntary hospitalization of patient populations that present unique challenges for psychiatry (e.g., not guilty by reason of insanity acquittees, sex offenders, and individuals with eating disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders) is discussed. Finally, an overview of outpatient commitment is provided. By reading this article, one will learn the history of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization in the United States and gain an understanding of the ethical issues that make civil commitment one of the most controversial practices in modern psychiatry.
West, Sara G.
Living donor practices in the United States.
Living kidney donation is a common procedure in the United States. Substantial variation exists between transplant centers in their protocols and exclusion criteria for potential living donors. In the absence of clinical trial data to guide decisions about exclusion criteria, knowledge of current practices is an important first step in guiding the formulation of donor protocols and future studies. Certain trends in living donation practices have become apparent from surveys of transplant programs over the past few decades. Over the past 25 years, opposition to living unrelated donation in the United States has gone from strong to essentially nonexistent. With respect to donor age, programs have become less strict regarding upper age limits but stricter regarding younger donor candidates. Protocols regarding kidney function, blood pressure, and diabetes screening also continue to evolve. Although donor follow-up is mandated by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network for 2 years after donation, a majority of donors are lost to follow-up by 1 year. The most commonly cited barriers to donor follow-up include donor inconvenience, cost issues including reimbursement to care providers, and direct and indirect costs to donors. In this article, we review the current knowledge about living donor practices in the United States. PMID:22732040
Mandelbrot, Didier A; Pavlakis, Martha
State of stress in the conterminous United States
Inferring principal stress directions from geologic data, focal mechanisms, and in situ stress measurements, we have prepared a map of principal horizontal stress orientations for the conterminous United States. Stress provinces with linear dimensions which range between 100 and 2000 km were defined on the basis of the directions and relative magnitude of principal stresses. Within a given provinces, stress
Mary Lou Zoback; Mark Zoback
Unit on Mexican and Guatemalan Archaeology. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminars Abroad Program, 2000 (Mexico and Guatemala).
This curriculum unit on Mexican and Guatemalan archaeology is designed for students at a college preparatory high school who have taken a course in ancient and medieval history. The unit lists history and archaeology texts and teacher resources and is divided into the following sections: (1) geography assignment on Mexico and Guatemala; (2)…
Brown, Kathryn
In accordance with the Southern States Energy Board (SSEB) proposal, as incorporated into NETL/DE-FC26-97FT34199, the objective of this agreement is to streamline the environmental technology permitting process site-to-site, state-to-state, and industry-to-industry to achieve remediation and waste processing faster, better and cheaper. SSEB is working with member Governors, legislators and regulators to build consensus on streamlining the permitting process for new and innovative technologies for addressing the legacy of environmental problems from 50 years of weapons research, development and production. This report reviews mechanisms whereby industry consortiums and the Department of Energy (DOE) have been working with State regulators and other officials in technology deployment decisions within the DOE complex. The historic development of relationships with State regulators is reviewed and the current nature of the relationships examined. The report contains observations from internal DOE reviews as well as recommendations from the General Accounting Office (GAO) and other external organizations. The report discusses reorganization initiatives leading up to a DOE Top-to-Bottom review of the Environmental Management (EM) Program and highlights points of consideration for maintaining effective linkages with State regulators. It notes how the proposed changes will place new demands upon the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and how NETL can leverage its resources by refocusing existing EM efforts specifically to states that have DOE facilities within their borders (host-states). Finally, the report discusses how SSEB's Permitting Leadership in the United States (PLUS) program can provide the foundation for elements of NETL's technical assistance program that are delivered to regulators and other decision- makers in host-states. As a regional compact commission, SSEB provides important direct linkages to regulators and stakeholders who need technical assistance to evaluate DOE's cleanup plans. In addition, the PLUS program has facilitated the involvement of key regulators from host-states beyond the Southern region.
Ken Nemeth
An evaluation of known remaining oil resources in the state of New Mexico and Wyoming. Volume 4, Project on Advanced Oil Recovery and the States
The Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (IOGCC) has conducted a series of studies to evaluate the known, remaining oil resource in twenty-three (23) states. The primary objective of the IOGCC`s effort is to examine the potential impact of an aggressive and focused program of research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) and technology transfer on future oil recovery in the United States. As part of a larger effort by the IOGCC, this report focuses on the potential economic benefits of improved oil recovery in the states of New Mexico and Wyoming. Individual reports for six other oil producing states and a national report have been separately published by the IOGCC. The analysis presented in this report is based on the databases and models available in the Tertiary Oil Recovery Information System (TORIS). Overall, well abandonments and more stringent environmental regulations could limit economic access to New Mexico`s known, remaining oil resource. The high risk of near-term abandonment and the significant benefits of future application of improved oil recovery technology, clearly point to a need for more aggressive transfer of currently available technologies to domestic oil producers. Development and application of advanced oil recovery technologies could have even greater benefits to the state and the nation. A collaborative, focused RD&D effort, integrating the resources and expertise of industry, state and local governments, and the Federal government, is clearly warranted. With effective RD&D and a program of aggressive technology transfer to widely disseminate its results, oil production could be maximized. The resulting increase in production rates, employment, operator profits, state and Federal tax revenues, and energy security will benefit both the states of New Mexico and Wyoming and the nation as a whole.
Not Available
72 FR 28545 - United States Climate Change Science Program
...STATE [Public Notice 5798] United States Climate Change Science Program The United States Climate Change Science Program requests expert review...volume of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment...
71 FR 17942 - United States Climate Change Science Program
...STATE [Public Notice 5369] United States Climate Change Science Program The United States Climate Change Science Program requests expert review of the Working Group I contribution (``Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science...
United States Military's Role in Combating Transnational Organized Crime.
This analysis looks at United States policy towards countering transnational organized crime and targeting transnational criminal networks that pose a clear and present danger to the United States, its allies, or key partner states. Using the President's ...
G. A. Boston
The number of illegal migrants of Mexican origin in the United States: Sex ratio-based estimates for 1980
This article reports the results of applying a sex ratio-based method to estimate the number of undocumented Mexicans residing\\u000a in the United States in 1980. The approach centers on a comparison between the hypothetical sex ratio one would expect to\\u000a find in Mexico in the absence of emigration to the United States and the sex ratio that is in fact
Frank D. Bean; Allan G. King; Jeffrey S. Passel
Phosphate rock resources of the United States
In 1980, the United States produced about 54 million tons of phosphate rock, or about 40 percent of the world's production, of which a substantial amount was exported, both as phosphate rock and as chemical fertilizer. During the last decade, predictions have been made that easily ruinable, low-cost reserves of phosphate rock would be exhausted, and that by the end of this century, instead of being a major exporter of phosphate rock, the United States might become a net importer. Most analysts today, however, think that exports will indeed decline in the next one or two decades, but that resources of phosphate are sufficient to supply domestic needs for a long time into the future. What will happen in the future depends on the actual availability of low-cost phosphate rock reserves in the United States and in the world. A realistic understanding of future phosphate rock reserves is dependent on an accurate assessment, now, of national phosphate rock resources. Many different estimates of resources exist; none of them alike. The detailed analysis of past resource estimates presented in this report indicates that the estimates differ more in what is being estimated than in how much is thought to exist. The phosphate rock resource classification used herein is based on the two fundamental aspects of a mineral resource(l) the degree of certainty of existence and (2) the feasibility of economic recovery. The comparison of past estimates (including all available company data), combined with the writers' personal knowledge, indicates that 17 billion metric tons of identified, recoverable phosphate rock exist in the United States, of which about 7 billion metric tons are thought to be economic or marginally economic. The remaining 10 billion metric tons, mostly in the Northwestern phosphate district of Idaho, are considered to be subeconomic, ruinable when some increase in the price of phosphate occurs. More than 16 billion metric tons probably exist in the southeastern Coastal Plain phosphate province, principally in Florida and North Carolina and offshore in the shallow Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina to southern Florida. This resource is considered to be hypothetical because it is based on geologic inference combined with sparse drilling data. Total resources of phosphate rock in the United States are sufficient to supply domestic demands for the foreseeable future, provided that drilling is done to confirm hypothetical resources and the chemistry of the deposits is determined. Mining and beneficiation techniques will have to be modified or improved, and new techniques will have to be developed so that these deposits can be profitably exploited.
Cathcart, James Bachelder; Sheldon, Richard Porter; Gulbrandsen, Robert A.
Large Floods in the United States: Where They Happen and Why
This report discusses the spatial distribution of the largest, most damaging floods in the United States and some of the factors that affect this distribution. Topics include regional climatology, topography, and basin size. A discussion of climatological factors includes the general northward trend of decreasing atmospheric moisture; proximity to oceanic moisture sources such as the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico; orientation of topographic features relative to directions of moisture flow; and regionally persistent versus locally intense conditions (precipitation).
78 FR 32356 - United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement
...1515-AD86 United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement AGENCIES: U.S. Customs...provisions of the United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement entered into by the United...signed the United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter...
Researchers analyze the perceptions and pedagogies of educators and students in northern Mexico with regard to United States foreign policies. The key objective of the research is to provide additional insight to the impact abroad of recent actions taken by the United States government. Furthermore, this study compares and contrasts the viewpoints of Mexican educators and students with coverage provided
Timothy G. Cashman; Rene A. Rubio
Hardwood timber supplies in the United States
Long recognized for their wildlife, watershed, and nesthetic value, hardwoods are becoming increasingly important from the standpoint of timber production. The abundance of hardwood inventory volume, technological advances allowing greater substitution into softwood markets, and relatively low stumpage prices have generated a growing interest in increased utilization of the hardwood resource. The objective of this paper is to provide a broad overview of present and expected future hardwood timber supplies in the United States. In order to monitor the nation's forest resources and develop policies for their management, Congress has directed the Secretary of Agriculture through the Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (RPA) to assess periodically the current and anticipated forest resources in the United States. Timber data presented in the 1989 Assessment were gathered from two main sources: the National Forest System and the regional Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Work Units of the USDA Forest Service. The first half of this paper is devoted primarily to the current hardwood resource as it exists today. Since there are timing differences among the various surveys feeding into the RPA assessment, all current resource data were adjusted to common years: 1987 for area and inventory volume statistics and 1986 for growth, removals, and mortality. The second half of the paper describes past trends and future projections.
Bechtold, W.A.; Sheffield, R.M. (USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC (US))
Probable Zoonotic Leprosy in the Southern United States
BACKGROUND In the southern region of the United States, such as in Louisiana and Texas, there are autochthonous cases of leprosy among native-born Americans with no history of foreign exposure. In the same region, as well as in Mexico, wild armadillos are infected with Mycobacterium leprae. METHODS Whole-genome resequencing of M. leprae from one wild armadillo and three U.S. patients with leprosy revealed that the infective strains were essentially identical. Comparative genomic analysis of these strains and M. leprae strains from Asia and Brazil identified 51 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and an 11-bp insertion–deletion. We genotyped these polymorphic sites, in combination with 10 variable-number tandem repeats, in M. leprae strains obtained from 33 wild armadillos from five southern states, 50 U.S. outpatients seen at a clinic in Louisiana, and 64 Venezuelan patients, as well as in four foreign reference strains. RESULTS The M. leprae genotype of patients with foreign exposure generally reflected their country of origin or travel history. However, a unique M. leprae genotype (3I-2-v1) was found in 28 of the 33 wild armadillos and 25 of the 39 U.S. patients who resided in areas where exposure to armadillo-borne M. leprae was possible. This genotype has not been reported elsewhere in the world. CONCLUSIONS Wild armadillos and many patients with leprosy in the southern United States are infected with the same strain of M. leprae. Armadillos are a large natural reservoir for M. leprae, and leprosy may be a zoonosis in the region. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others.)
Truman, Richard W.; Singh, Pushpendra; Sharma, Rahul; Busso, Philippe; Rougemont, Jacques; Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto; Kapopoulou, Adamandia; Brisse, Sylvain; Scollard, David M.; Gillis, Thomas P.; Cole, Stewart T.
Developed by the United States Geological Survey and its partners, the National Atlas of the United States is a predominantly digital collection of maps serving to update the 1970 version and providing a reliable summary of national-scale geographic information on the environmental, resource, demographic, economic, social, political, and historical dimensions of American life. The compilation (found under Atlas Maps) includes sections for interactive map browsing, multimedia maps, map layers data, and printed maps. The Interactive Map Browser provides easy-to-use tools to display, manipulate, print, and query National Atlas data using an overlay approach with layers selected from agriculture, biology, boundaries, climate, environment, geology, demography, transportation, water, and general reference categories. The multimedia maps use animation and/or clickable interfaces to explore a number of topics from geologic history to invasive species to vegetation growth. The map layers data warehouse contains a series of authoritative national geospatial and geostatistical datasets for use in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) or computer-aided design systems. Both data types are tied to specific geographic areas and are categorized and indexed using such parameters as county, State, and zip code boundaries or geographic coordinate systems. The printed map section includes reference and thematic maps (for ordering) reprinted from the 1970 version of the Atlas. In addition to the collection, links are provided to federal and business partners, Atlas News with links to relevant federal sites, an Atlas FAQ page, and a feedback page.
Indian Entrepreneurial Success in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom
Indian immigrants in the United States and other wealthy countries are successful in entrepreneurship. Using census data from the three largest developed countries in the world receiving Indian immigrants-the United States, United Kingdom and Canada-the authors examine the performance of Indian entrepreneurs and the causes of their success. In the United States, Indian entrepreneurs have average business income that is
Robert W. Fairlie; Harry Krashinsky; Julie Zissimopoulos; Krishna B. Kumar
49 CFR 1572.201 - Transportation of hazardous materials via commercial motor vehicle from Canada or Mexico to and...
...materials via commercial motor vehicle from Canada or Mexico to and within the United States...Transportation of Hazardous Materials From Canada or Mexico To and Within the United States...materials via commercial motor vehicle from Canada or Mexico to and within the United...
Depression Care in the United States
Objective: To determine the prevalence and adequacy of depression care among different ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Design: Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES) data were analyzed to calculate nationally representative estimates of depression care. Setting: The 48 coterminous United States. Participants: Household residents 18 years and older (N=15 762) participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: Past-year depression pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy using American Psychiatric Association guideline-concordant therapies. Depression severity was assessed with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report. Primary predictors were major ethnic/racial groups (Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Caribbean black, African American, and non-Latino white) and World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview criteria for 12-month major depressive episode. Results: Mexican American and African American individuals meeting 12-month major depression criteria consistently and significantly had lower odds for any depression therapy and guideline-concordant therapies despite depression severity ratings not significantly differing between ethnic/racial groups. All groups reported higher use of any past-year psychotherapy and guideline-concordant psychotherapy compared with pharmacotherapy; however, Caribbean black and African American individuals reported the highest proportions of this use. Conclusions: Few Americans with recent major depression have used depression therapies and guideline-concordant therapies; however, the lowest rates of use were found among Mexican American and African American individuals. Ethnic/racial differences were found despite comparable depression care need. More Americans with recent major depression used psychotherapy over pharmacotherapy, and these differences were most pronounced among Mexican American and African American individuals. This report underscores the importance of disaggregating ethnic/racial groups and depression therapies in understanding and directing efforts to improve depression care in the United States.
Gonzalez, Hector M.; Vega, William A.; Williams, David R.; Tarraf, Wassim; West, Brady T.; Neighbors, Harold W.
Contraceptive failure in the United States
This review provides an update of previous estimates of first-year probabilities of contraceptive failure for all methods of contraception available in the United States. Estimates are provided of probabilities of failure during typical use (which includes both incorrect and inconsistent use) and during perfect use (correct and consistent use). The difference between these two probabilities reveals the consequences of imperfect use; it depends both on how unforgiving of imperfect use a method is and on how hard it is to use that method perfectly. These revisions reflect new research on contraceptive failure both during perfect use and during typical use.
Trussell, James
United States Geologic Survey: Selected Volcano Information
This United States Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program site contains links to selected material related to volcanic hazards. Users can access information about the volcanic hazards program, publications, topical maps of volcanoes world wide, aviation safety reports, volcanic hazard reports, computer software, volcano digital series and educational videos. Several USGS fact sheets are also available for volcanoes in Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, the Pacific Northwest and around the world. Fact sheets can be downloaded as pdf files or html. This site contains a wide variety of comprehensive material on the world's volcanoes and the hazards associated with them.
Race and Poverty in the United States
This exercise was developed for use in a introductory sociology course. Students will use data to look at racial groups and income/poverty in the United States. This activity uses a customized data set made from the 2005 Current Populations Survey and guides students through data manipulation using WebCHIP software found at DataCounts!. To open WebCHIP with the dataset for the activity, please see instructions and links in the exercise documents under teaching materials. For more information on how to use WebCHIP, see the How To section on DataCounts!
Morgan, Susanne
Poverty in the United States: 1997
The Census Bureau has released this report based on the March 1998 Current Population Survey. For the third consecutive year, households in the United States experienced an annual increase in their real median income while the poverty rate fell from 13.7 percent in 1996 to 13.3 percent in 1997. The statistical number of poor and the degree of income inequality, however, remain unchanged. The report offers several tables and the text of press releases which highlight national-level findings as well as income and poverty statistics for African-Americans, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and people of Hispanic Origin.
Tritium technology programs in the United States
Tritium technology in the United States has advanced considerably since the 1988 Tritium Conferences in Toronto. This advance has come in facilities, processing and safety related technologies and in an ever increasing commitment to compliance related issues. The major laboratories in the US tritium programs continue to be (Westinghouse) Savannah River Site, EG G Mound, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Each of these Laboratories have made some significant changes in their programs and/or facilities in the past four years. 11 refs, 1 fig.
Anderson, J.L.
United States Council for Automotive Research
The United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR) is a joint operation between Ford, DaimlerChrysler, and General Motors. The council lets the companies combine their resources to develop better non-competitive technologies, such as safety, fuel efficiency, and emissions. Many new innovations in vehicle design are described on the USCAR Web site. For example, the 21st Century section outlines some major advances that will shape the future of the automobile, while Specific Technologies examines various new manufacturing practices and vehicle components. There are also many articles and technical accomplishments listed on the site, giving some insight into what is currently being done to make driving a better experience.
A Water Census of the United States
In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a science strategy outlining the major natural science issues facing the Nation in the next decade. The science strategy consists of six science directions of critical importance, focusing on areas where natural science can make a substantial contribution to the well-being of the Nation and the world. This fact sheet focuses on the development of a water census of the United States, and how USGS research can strengthen the Nation with information needed to meet the challenges of the 21st century.
United States transportation fuel economics (1975 - 1995)
The United States transportation fuel economics in terms of fuel resources options, processing alternatives, and attendant economics for the period 1975 to 1995 are evaluated. The U.S. energy resource base is reviewed, portable fuel-processing alternatives are assessed, and selected future aircraft fuel options - JP fuel, liquid methane, and liquid hydrogen - are evaluated economically. Primary emphasis is placed on evaluating future aircraft fuel options and economics to provide guidance for future strategy of NASA in the development of aviation and air transportation research and technology.
Alexander, A. D., III
Human Intestinal Nematodiasis in the United States
Human intestinal nematodes, all of which can be acquired in the continental United States, can cause a variety of ills including iron deficiency anemia, surgical emergencies, eosinophilic pneumonia, malabsorption, dysentery, myositis, and death. The severity of illness is related to the number of parasites acquired exogenously or the ability of the parasite to multiply within the host. Diagnosis of clinically significant infection can usually be made by stool examination, and appropriate treatment requires an understanding of the life-span and pathogenic potential of the parasite.
Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth
77 FR 3152 - New Mexico: Final Authorization of State-Initiated Changes and Incorporation-by-Reference of...
...EPA-R06-RCRA-2011-0407; FRL-9613-6] New Mexico: Final Authorization of State-Initiated...SUMMARY: During a review of New Mexico's regulations, the EPA identified...in the regulations the prior approval of New Mexico's hazardous waste management...
State of stress and intraplate earthquakes in the United States
Recently compiled data on the state of stress have been used to define stress provinces in the conterminous United States in which the orientation and relative magnitude of the horizontal principal stresses are fairly uniform. The observed patterns of stress constrain mechanisms for generating intraplate lithospheric stresses. Coupled with new information on geologic structure and tectonism in seismically active areas of the Midcontinent and East, these data help to define some characteristics common to these areas and to identify key questions regarding why certain faults seem to be seismically active. Copyright ?? 1981 AAAS.
Zoback, M. D.; Zoback, M. L.
Crime in the United States, 1997
On November 22, the Federal Bureau of Investigation released Crime in the United States, 1997 (preliminary data discussed in the May 29, 1998 Scout Report). This annual report presents the most recent US crime data based on statistics from the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. Over 17,000 city, county, and state law enforcement agencies nationwide submit data to the UCR each year. The 1997 report, a comprehensive document, contains over 80 data tables in seven discrete sections: Summary of the UCR Program, Crime Index Offenses Reported, Crime Index Offenses Cleared, Persons Arrested, Juvenile Female Crime: A Special Study, Law Enforcement Personnel, and an extensive appendix. The report is bundled with the annual reports for 1995 and 1996 and is available in .pdf format only.
Variability of solar radiation at four selected stations in the United States. Final report, October 1, 1977September 30, 1978
Dios y el Norte: The Perceptions of Wives of Documented and Undocumented Mexican Immigrants to the United States
The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes toward the United States andAmericans, toward Mexico and Mexicans, and knowledge about Proposition 187 in Mexican women married to documented and undocumented immigrant workers in California. The data presented here correspond to the baseline of a longitudinal study currently in process. Participants were a sample of 24 women living permanently in
V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder; Ma. de Jesus Diaz-Perez; Andrea Acevedo; Lucia X. Natera
HâOâ, Oâ and SOâ measurements in the lower troposphere over the eastern United States during fall
We report gas phase measurements of hydrogen peroxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone in the lower troposphere over the eastern United States in October and November 1984. A series of flights based at Springfield, Ohio, extending from the Gulf of Mexico to upstate New York, and from the surface to 3.5 km, were flown in air having a predominantly southerly origin.
Brian G. Heikes; Gregory L. Kok; James G. Walega; Allan L. Lazrus
Geomorphometric analysis for characterizing landforms in Morelos State, Mexico
Landforms can be described and quantified into simple relief elements by parametrization of digital elevation model (DEM). In this research, we investigate the use of morphometric parameters and a new classification scheme to characterize selected elemental forms associated with landforms. We apply and test this methodology on a geomorphologically diverse region located in Central Mexico. These simple elements are known
Andrea Bolongaro-Crevenna; Vicente Torres-Rodríguez; Valentino Sorani; Dawn Frame; Mario Arturo Ortiz
ACT Profile Report: State. Graduating Class 2012. New Mexico
This report provides information about the performance of New Mexico's 2012 graduating seniors who took the ACT as sophomores, juniors, or seniors; and self-reported at the time of testing that they were scheduled to graduate in 2012 and tested under standard time conditions. This report focuses on: (1) Performance: student test performance in the…
ACT, Inc., 2012
Microtremors study applying the SPAC method in Colima state, Mexico.
One of the main parts of seismic risk studies is to determine the site effect. This can be estimated by means of the microtremors measurements. From the H/V spectral ratio (Nakamura, 1989), the predominant period of the site can be estimated. Although the predominant period by itself can not represent the site effect in a wide range of frequencies and doesn't provide information of the stratigraphy. The SPAC method (Spatial Auto-Correlation Method, Aki 1957), on the other hand, is useful to estimate the stratigraphy of the site. It is based on the simultaneous recording of microtremors in several stations deployed in an instrumental array. Through the spatial autocorrelation coefficient computation, the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve can be cleared. Finally the stratigraphy model (thickness, S and P wave velocity, and density of each layer) is estimated by fitting the theoretical dispersion curve with the observed one. The theoretical dispersion curve is initially computed using a proposed model. That model is modified several times until the theoretical curve fit the observations. This method requires of a minimum of three stations where the microtremors are observed simultaneously in all the stations. We applied the SPAC method to six sites in Colima state, Mexico. Those sites are Santa Barbara, Cerro de Ortega, Tecoman, Manzanillo and two in Colima city. Totally 16 arrays were carried out using equilateral triangles with different apertures with a minimum of 5 m and a maximum of 60 m. For recording microtremors we used short period (5 seconds) velocity type vertical sensors connected to a K2 (Kinemetrics) acquisition system. We could estimate the velocities of the most superficial layers reaching different depths in each site. For Santa Bárbara site the exploration depth was about 30 m, for Tecoman 12 m, for Manzanillo 35 m, for Cerro de Ortega 68 m, and the deepest site exploration was obtained in Colima city with a depth of around 73 m. The S wave velocities fluctuate between 230 m/s and 420 m/s for the most superficial layer. It means that, in general, the most superficial layers are quite competent. The superficial layer with smaller S wave velocity was observed in Tecoman, while that of largest S wave velocity was observed in Cerro de Ortega. Our estimations are consistent with down-hole velocity records obtained in Santa Barbara by previous studies.
Vázquez Rosas, R.; Aguirre González, J.; Mijares Arellano, H.
Inventory of Nonutility Electric Power Plants in the United States
EIA Publications
Final issue of this report. Provides annual aggregate statistics on generating units operated by nonutilities in the United States and the District of Columbia. Provides a 5-year outlook for generating unit additions and changes.
Information Center
Balancing the Process of Democratization and the Continuation of State Stability: The Case of Mexico
Through an empirical analysis of the state of Mexico, this thesis examines the transition to democracy from a previously consolidated, stable authoritarian system in order to make conclusions regarding the challenges inherent in such a transition for the maintenance of stability. Previously, Mexico was ruled under the hegemonic party, the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) from 1929-2000.\\u000aThis research finds that
Elise Dunn
Renewable energy atlas of the United States.
The Renewable Energy Atlas (Atlas) of the United States is a compilation of geospatial data focused on renewable energy resources, federal land ownership, and base map reference information. It is designed for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) and other federal land management agencies to evaluate existing and proposed renewable energy projects. Much of the content of the Atlas was compiled at Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) to support recent and current energy-related Environmental Impact Statements and studies, including the following projects: (1) West-wide Energy Corridor Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) (BLM 2008); (2) Draft PEIS for Solar Energy Development in Six Southwestern States (DOE/BLM 2010); (3) Supplement to the Draft PEIS for Solar Energy Development in Six Southwestern States (DOE/BLM 2011); (4) Upper Great Plains Wind Energy PEIS (WAPA/USFWS 2012, in progress); and (5) Energy Transport Corridors: The Potential Role of Federal Lands in States Identified by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, Section 368(b) (in progress). This report explains how to add the Atlas to your computer and install the associated software; describes each of the components of the Atlas; lists the Geographic Information System (GIS) database content and sources; and provides a brief introduction to the major renewable energy technologies.
Kuiper, J.A.; Hlava, K.Greenwood, H.; Carr, A. (Environmental Science Division)
BACKGROUND Deferral for travel to malaria-endemic areas excludes many blood donors in the United States. Most transfusion-transmitted malaria is associated with lengthy residence in malaria-endemic areas rather than routine travel. This study compares the impact of existing deferral requirements to the risk that a presenting donor with malaria travel history harbors malaria parasites under current and hypothetical alternate regulations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Deferred donors from six blood centers were sampled to estimate a national cohort of donors deferred annually for malaria travel to different geographic regions. Risk for malaria infection following travel to each region, and distribution of incubation periods for each malaria species were estimated for U.S. travelers. Region-specific travel risks were used to estimate the risk that a presenting blood donor with malaria travel might asymptomatically harbor malaria parasites at different intervals following return to the United States. RESULTS Travel to Africa presents risk for malaria infection >1000 times that of travel to malaria-endemic parts of Mexico, yet Mexico accounts for >10 times as many deferred donors. Shortening the deferral period from 12 to 3 months for travelers to Mexico increases the risk of collecting a contaminated unit by only 1 unit per 57 years (sensitivity analysis, 1 every 29 - 114 years), at annual gain of >56,000 donations. CONCLUSION This study provides the first systematic appraisal of the U.S. requirements for donor qualification regarding travel to malarial areas. Consideration should be given to relaxing the guidelines for travel to very low-risk areas such as Mexico.
Spencer, Bryan; Steele, Whitney; Custer, Brian; Kleinman, Steven; Cable, Ritchard; Wilkinson, Susan; Wright, David
United States and Brazil: Opening a New Dialogue.
Contents: The United States and Brazil: The Past; 'Itamaraty' and Brazilian External Policy; The Brazilian Economy: Boom or Bust; 'Abertura': The Political Opening; Military Policy Issues; The United States and Brazil: Future Challenges.
R. J. Branco
Importance of United States Naval Forward Presence in Mediterranean Affairs.
This thesis describes the benefits of maintaining United States Naval Forward Presence in the Mediterranean. It encompasses several themes to justify its point of view. It argues that the Mediterranean has been important to the United States for over 200 ...
T. E. Kalley
The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) is conducting a pilot study in the western United States. This study will advance the science of ecological monitoring and demonstrate techniques for regional-scale asse...
68 FR 748 - United States Climate Change Science Program
...030102001-3001-01] United States Climate Change Science Program AGENCY: National...SUMMARY: The United States Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) is announcing...document ``Strategic Plan for the Climate Change Science Program.'' The...
United States Military Strategy in the Persian Gulf.
The importance of Persian Gulf oil, in the context of United States national security has been demonstrated in recent political, economic and military terms. Substantial United States military resources have been devoted to maintain national security inte...
E. E. Whitehead
15 CFR 2011.103 - Entry into the United States.
...2009-01-01 false Entry into the United States. 2011.103 Section 2011.103 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating...AND MOLASSES Certificate of Quota Eligibility § 2011.103 Entry into the United States. (a)...
...2010-01-01 false Entry into the United States. 2011.103 Section 2011.103 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating...AND MOLASSES Certificate of Quota Eligibility § 2011.103 Entry into the United States. (a)...
Health, United States, 2013 Includes Special Section on Prescription Drugs
... Health Statistics 301-458-4800 Health, United States, 2013 includes special section on prescription drugs Most common ... five or more, according to Health, United States, 2013, the government's annual, comprehensive report on the nation's ...
United States of America: health system review.
This analysis of the United States health system reviews the developments in organization and governance, health financing, health-care provision, health reforms and health system performance. The US health system has both considerable strengths and notable weaknesses. It has a large and well-trained health workforce, a wide range of high-quality medical specialists as well as secondary and tertiary institutions, a robust health sector research program and, for selected services, among the best medical outcomes in the world. But it also suffers from incomplete coverage of its citizenry, health expenditure levels per person far exceeding all other countries, poor measures on many objective and subjective measures of quality and outcomes, an unequal distribution of resources and outcomes across the country and among different population groups, and lagging efforts to introduce health information technology. It is difficult to determine the extent to which deficiencies are health-system related, though it seems that at least some of the problems are a result of poor access to care. Because of the adoption of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, the United States is facing a period of enormous potential change. Improving coverage is a central aim, envisaged through subsidies for the uninsured to purchase private insurance, expanded eligibility for Medicaid (in some states) and greater protection for insured persons. Furthermore, primary care and public health receive increased funding, and quality and expenditures are addressed through a range of measures. Whether the ACA will indeed be effective in addressing the challenges identified above can only be determined over time. PMID:24025796
Rice, Thomas; Rosenau, Pauline; Unruh, Lynn Y; Barnes, Andrew J; Saltman, Richard B; van Ginneken, Ewout
Dementia Special Care Units in Residential Care Communities: United States, 2010
... Data Brief Number 134, November 2013 Dementia Special Care Units in Residential Care Communities: United States, 2010 On This Page Key ... of Residential Care Facilities Seventeen percent of residential care communities had dementia special care units. Figure 1. ...
A qualitative view of drug use behaviors of Mexican male injection drug users deported from the United States.
Deportees are a hidden yet highly vulnerable and numerous population. Significantly, little data exists about the substance use and deportation experiences of Mexicans deported from the United States. This pilot qualitative study describes illicit drug use behaviors among 24 Mexico-born male injection drug users (IDUs), ? 18 years old, residing in Tijuana, Mexico who self-identified as deportees from the United States. In-person interviews were conducted in Tijuana, Mexico in 2008. Content analysis of interview transcripts identified major themes in participants' experiences. Few participants had personal or family exposures to illicit drugs prior to their first U.S. migration. Participants reported numerous deportations. Social (i.e., friends/family, post-migration stressors) and environmental factors (e.g., drug availability) were perceived to contribute to substance use initiation in the U.S. Drugs consumed in the United States included marijuana, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and crack. More than half of men were IDUs prior to deportation. Addiction and justice system experiences reportedly contributed to deportation. After deportation, several men injected new drugs, primarily heroin or methamphetamine, or a combination of both drugs. Many men perceived an increase in their substance use after deportation and reported shame and loss of familial social and economic support. Early intervention is needed to stem illicit drug use in Mexican migrant youths. Binational cooperation around migrant health issues is warranted. Migrant-oriented programs may expand components that address mental health and drug use behaviors in an effort to reduce transmission of blood-borne infections. Special considerations are merited for substance users in correctional systems in the United States and Mexico, as well as substance users in United States immigration detention centers. The health status and health behaviors of deportees are likely to impact receiving Mexican communities. Programs that address health, social, and economic issues may aid deportees in resettling in Mexico. PMID:21246301
Ojeda, Victoria D; Robertson, Angela M; Hiller, Sarah P; Lozada, Remedios; Cornelius, Wayne; Palinkas, Lawrence A; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Strathdee, Steffanie A
Fighting 'personhood' initiatives in the United States.
'Personhood' initiatives filed in many states within the United States threaten to impose potentially significant restrictions on infertility treatment, embryo disposition, pre-natal care, abortion, contraception, and stem-cell research, all through attempts to redefine a 'person' or 'human being' as existing from the moment of fertilization or conception, and endowed with the full legal and Constitutional rights of personhood. Virginia's recent, unsuccessful attempt to pass such legislation provides both a dramatic example of these efforts and valuable lessons in the fight against them by infertility advocates and others. Arguments over loss of infertility treatment seemed more persuasive to legislatures than did restrictions on abortion or stem cell research. Indeed, persuading legislators or voters that they could be 'pro-life' and still anti-personhood initiatives was a key strategy, and consumer efforts and media attention were instrumental. The most central lessons, however, may be the degree of intensity and coordinated strategy to shift public perception that lie behind these numerous state efforts, regardless of whether the actual initiatives are won or lost. PMID:22542604
Collins, Lee Rubin; Crockin, Susan L
Report on Personal Searches by the United States Customs Service.
It is the mission of the United States Customs Service to ensure that all goods and persons entering and exiting the United States do so in compliance with all United States laws and regulations. Specifically, the Customs Service is responsible for collec...
77 FR 64031 - United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement
...12-18] RIN 1515-AD79 United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement AGENCIES: U...customs-related provisions of the United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement. DATES: Final...customs-related provisions of the United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA)....
76 FR 65365 - United States-OMAN Free Trade Agreement
...11-19] RIN 1515-AD68 United States-OMAN Free Trade Agreement AGENCIES: U.S...customs-related provisions of the United States--Oman Free Trade Agreement entered into by the United States and the Sultanate of Oman. DATES: Final rule effective...
26 CFR 1.953-2 - Actual United States risks.
...3) In connection with the lives or health of residents of...or in connection with the lives or health of citizens of...the United States, within the meaning of subparagraph (2) of this...the United States. (d) Lives or health of United States...
The south-central United States magnetic anomaly
A positive magnetic anomaly, which dominates the MAGSAT scalar field over the south-central United States, results from the superposition of magnetic effects from several geologic sources and tectonic structures in the crust. The highly magnetic basement rocks of this region show good correlation with increased crustal thickness, above average crustal velocity and predominantly negative free-air gravity anomalies, all of which are useful constraints for modeling the magnetic sources. The positive anomaly is composed of two primary elements. The western-most segment is related to middle Proterozoic granite intrusions, rhyolite flows and interspersed metamorphic basement rocks in the Texas panhandle and eastern New Mexico. The anomaly and the magnetic crust are bounded to the west by the north-south striking Rio Grande Rift. The anomaly extends eastward over the Grenville age basement rocks of central Texas, and is terminated to the south and east by the buried extension of the Ouachita System. The northern segment of the anomaly extends eastward across Oklahoma and Arkansas to the Mississippi Embayment. It corresponds to a general positive magnetic region associated with the Wichita Mountains igneous complex in south-central Oklahoma and 1.2 to 1.5 Ga. felsic terrane to the north.
Starich, P. J.; Hinze, W. J.; Braile, L. W.
Origin of lead in the United States diet.
We report 208Pb/207Pb and 206Pb/207Pb ratios for 1001 duplicate diets collected from mothers and children, 1304 samples of house dust and hand wipes, and 64 samples of aerosols that were taken in Omaha, Nebraska, during the period from 1990 to 1997. A plot of 208Pb/207Pb versus 206Pb/ 207Pb for the dust and hand wipes indicates that they contain lead from ores mined in Idaho, Missouri, and Mexico. The absence of lead from Utah suggests that this mixture is not representative of the whole country. The lead in the aerosols has a narrower range of isotope ratios and resembles aerosols collected elsewhere in the United States. Most dietary collections contain a large component of house dust. Some, especially those from infants, are dominated by uranogenic lead with high 206Pb/207Pb ratios. Its source is taken to be calcium-supplemented food where the calcium is derived from limestone. Another source of lead is thorogenic and is ascribed to lead in tin coatings. Agricultural lead, whether from soil (estimated from recently published analyses of sedimentary materials), fertilizer, or agricultural lime, could not be unambiguously identified in the diets. Lead derived from aerosols, if present at all, is insignificant. PMID:16329199
Manton, William I; Angle, Carol R; Krogstrand, Kaye L Stanek
International Year of Astronomy 2009 in the United States
To coordinate the U.S. celebration of IYA 2009, the American Astronomical Society (AAS) appointed two committees whose members are drawn from leading organizations that engage in astronomy education and public outreach in the United States, Canada and Mexico. The Program Committee is charged with developing themes and activities that spread awareness of astronomy's rich scientific and cultural role throughout human history; the Development Committee will work to secure funding to support these activities. The U.S. IYA 2009 program's goal is to offer an engaging astronomy experience to every person in North America through events and activities organized along six themes. These are: Looking Through A Telescope; Dark Skies are a Universal Resource; Arts, Entertainment & Storytelling; Student-Teacher Research Experiences; Telescope Building & Optics Challenges; and, Sharing the Universe Through New Technology. Each theme will be coordinated by one or more working groups of 6-8 people each, of interested professionals and amateurs, and supported by a centralized Web portal.
Deustua, Susana E.; Isbell, D.
New Mexico State Energy Research and Development Program contribution to Lovington 100-Kilowatt Photovoltaic Project
In 1977 the New Mexico State Energy Research and Development (R & D) Program provided $25,000 to the New Mexico Solar Energy Institute to be used in conjunction with US Department of Energy (DOE) funding for design, engineering, and installation of a proposed 150-kilowatt peak photovoltaic (PV) system in Lovington, New Mexico. An additional $75,000 was also committed contingent on award of a contract for construction, test, and evaluation of the system. This award was made in 1979 and the PV system was completed in 1981. Even though budget constraints dictated reduction of the plant size to 100-kilowatts peak, this system has produced more energy than any other flat-plate PV system in the world. The utilization of the R & D Program funding in contributing to the success of this important New Mexico energy project is detailed.
Risser, V. V.
78 FR 52822 - United States Department of Energy and United States Department of Defense v. Baltimore & Ohio...
...Department of Defense v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, et al.; and United States Department of Energy and United States Department of Defense v. Aberdeen & Rockfish Railroad Company, et al. AGENCY: Surface Transportation Board, DOT. ACTION:...
HIV infection - United States, 2008 and 2010.
At the end of 2009, approximately 1.1 million persons in the United States were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with approximately 50,000 new infections annually. The prevalence of HIV continues to be greatest among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM), who comprised approximately half of all persons with new infections in 2009. Disparities also exist among racial/ethnic minority populations, with blacks/African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos accounting for approximately half of all new infections and deaths among persons who received an HIV diagnosis in 2009. Improving survival of persons with HIV and reducing transmission involve a continuum of services that includes diagnosis, linkage to and retention in HIV medical care, and ongoing HIV prevention interventions. PMID:24264500
Johnson, Anna Satcher; Beer, Linda; Sionean, Catlainn; Hu, Xiaohong; Furlow-Parmley, Carolyn; Le, Binh; Skarbinski, Jacek; Hall, H Irene; Dean, Hazel D
Adult immunization priorities in the United States.
Pneumonia and influenza (P&I) are the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. Despite universal coverage under Medicare, one-half to three-quarters of elderly adults fail to get vaccinated against P&I disease. Hepatitis B vaccine is also widely underutilized by adults. Although more than 100 times as many adults as children die from vaccine-preventable disease, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently allocates the vast majority of federal immunization funds to childhood programs. Top CDC officials say this is in accordance with the will of the Congress and the President. However, analysis of legislative documents shows that there is no legal bar or restriction to the use of federal funds to support adult immunization. CDC has the authority to use federal immunization funds to enhance adult immunization services, but the agency has yet to make adult immunization a priority. A commentary follows. PMID:8632737
Lee, J S
United States Department of Justice: Environmental Justice
The Environmental Justice Office within the United States Department of Justice brings together resources that staff members use in the quest to secure environmental justice for all. On the homepage, visitors can look over the latest "Environmental Justice Implementation Progress Report" that details its commitment to this ongoing task. Moving on, the right-side of the page contains additional links of note. Under Selected Resources visitors can explore Executive Orders related to the Department's work, along with official documents such as "DOJ Guidance Concerning Environmental Justice" and the coordinating group documents from the Federal Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice. The site is rounded out by a selection of social media links and RSS feed.
Renewable Energy Atlas of the United States
The Renewable Energy Atlas (Atlas) of the United States is a compilation of geospatial data focused on renewable energy resources, federal land ownership, and base map reference information. This report explains how to add the Atlas to your computer and install the associated software. The report also includes: ? A description of each of the components of the Atlas; ? Lists of the Geographic Information System (GIS) database content and sources; and ? A brief introduction to the major renewable energy technologies. The Atlas includes the following: ? A GIS database organized as a set of Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS Personal GeoDatabases, and ? ESRI ArcReader and ArcGIS project files providing an interactive map visualization and analysis interface.
Kuiper, J. [Environmental Science Division] [Environmental Science Division; Hlava, K. [Environmental Science Division] [Environmental Science Division; Greenwood, H. [Environmentall Science Division] [Environmentall Science Division; Carr, A. [Environmental Science Division] [Environmental Science Division
Money Income in the United States: 1997
The Census Bureau has released this report based on the March 1998 Current Population Survey. Given all the press in 1998 on America's booming economy, it should come as no surprise that the report contains good news. For the third consecutive year, households in the United States experienced an annual increase in their real median income while the poverty rate fell from 13.7 percent in 1996 to 13.3 percent in 1997. The statistical number of poor and the degree of income inequality, however, remain unchanged. The report offers several tables and the text of press releases which highlight national-level findings as well as income and poverty statistics for African-Americans, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and people of Hispanic Origin.
Principal lakes of the United States
The United States has about 250 fresh-water lakes that are known to have surface areas of 10 square miles or more. Nearly 100 of these are in Alaska, and 100 in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York,. and Maine. Thirty-four fresh-water lakes, exclusive of the Great Lakes, are known to have maximum depths of 250 feet or more. Twenty of these are in Alaska, and Alaska undoubtedly has more lakes of that depth which have not been sounded. The amount of water stored in natural lakes--even exclusive of the Great Lakes--is much greater than the amount stored in artificial reservoirs. With the exception of the Great Lakes, however, the economic value of natural lakes is surpassed by that of artificial reservoirs. Natural lakes are best known for the recreational advantages they afford.
Bue, Conrad D.
United States National Seismic Hazard Maps
Many persons are interested in seismic hazard maps, including geologists, everyday citizens, and persons working in the insurance and actuarial fields. This site will be of great interest to all of those persons, as it contains the national seismic hazard maps created by the United States Geological Survey. User can view the latest series of maps via their homepage, and then proceed to look over their on-line web tools that will allow individuals to assess which sources might pose the greatest hazard in a given region of the country. Along the left-hand side of the homepage, visitors will find handy resources that include "Earthquake Hazards 101" and detailed hazard maps of urban areas. Additionally, the site also includes maps which predict the median level of ground shaking from a particular scenario event and a series of maps which forecast the likelihood of an earthquake rupture occurring during an interval of time in the future.
Nuclear material control in the United States
The Department of Energy has defined a safeguards system to be an integrated system of physical protection, material accounting and material control subsystems designed to deter, prevent, detect, and respond to unauthorized possession, use, or sabotage of SNM. In practice, safeguards involve the development and application of techniques and procedures dealing with the establishment and continued maintenance of a system of activities. The system must also include administrative controls and surveillance to assure that the procedures and techniques of the system are effective and are being carried out. The control of nuclear material is critical to the safeguarding of nuclear materials within the United States. The U.S. Department of Energy includes as part of material control four functional performance areas. They include access controls, material surveillance, material containment and detection/assessment. This paper will address not only these areas but also the relationship between material control and other safeguards and security functions.
Jaeger, C.; Waddoups, I.
United States Weather Research Program (USWRP)
After more than a decade of development by a broad cross-section of the U.S. atmospheric research community involved in planning for the National STORM Program, the Subcommittee on Atmospheric Research (SAR) of the Committee on Earth and Environmental Science (CEES) led the development of a strategic plan to realize the objectives of STORM so as to improve our nation's capability to provide accurate short-term forecasts of weather. This strategic plan will guide the planning and implementation of what is now called the United States Weather Research Program (USWRP). The USWRP is charged with achieving operational atmospheric prediction based on mesoscale observations and model results and establishing the scientific and technological basis for global atmospheric mesoscale prediction by the year 2000. The key scientific questions that are addressed under USWRP are discussed.
Bhumralkar, Chandrakant
Electric trade in the United States 1994
Wholesale trade in electricity plays an important role for the US electric utility industry. Wholesale, or bulk power, transactions allow electric utilities to reduce power costs, increase power supply options, and improve reliability. In 1994, the wholesale trade market totaled 1.9 trillion kilowatthours, about 66% of total sales to ultimate consumers. This publication, Electric Trade in the United States 1994 (ELECTRA), is the fifth in a series of reports on wholesale power transactions prepared by the Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels, Energy Information Administration (EIA). The electric trade data are published biennially. The first report presented 1986 data, and this report provides information on the electric power industry during 1994.
Despite drastic changes in the American family, a significant minority of Americans marry early. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 14,165), this study evaluates the prevalence and antecedents of early marriage in the United States. The results indicate 25% of women and 16% of men marry before age 23, and early marriage varies widely across a number of characteristics. Individuals who marry earlier are more likely to be from disadvantaged families, from conservative Protestant or Mormon families, to value their religious faith more highly, to have a high-school diploma but a lower educational trajectory, and to cohabit before marriage. Scholars and policymakers interested in marriage should pay adequate attention to understanding and supporting these individuals' marriages.
Early Marriage in the United States.
Despite drastic changes in the American family, a significant minority of Americans marry early. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 14,165), this study evaluates the prevalence and antecedents of early marriage in the United States. The results indicate 25% of women and 16% of men marry before age 23, and early marriage varies widely across a number of characteristics. Individuals who marry earlier are more likely to be from disadvantaged families, from conservative Protestant or Mormon families, to value their religious faith more highly, to have a high-school diploma but a lower educational trajectory, and to cohabit before marriage. Scholars and policymakers interested in marriage should pay adequate attention to understanding and supporting these individuals' marriages. PMID:20305796
Uecker, Jeremy E; Stokes, Charles E
Geologic Provinces of the United States
This site provides all information, instructions, downloadable materials, and links to online materials for an exercise developed for use in a Geology of the National Parks course. Using the provided maps, groups of 3 to 6 students are asked to identify between 8 and 12 geologic provinces based on topography, the age of rocks, and the rock types. As a result of this exercise, students will become familiar and comfortable with reading maps and legends, learn basic rock types and how geologic time is divided, define geologic provinces that will form an outline for learning the geology of the U.S., and be able to discuss the maps they create based on what they've learned. This exercise is intended for one of the first class meetings of the quarter or semester and ideally students will approach this exercise without much or any prior knowledge of the geology of the United States.
Leech, Mary
United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries
This report summarizes the primary scientific activities of the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries for the period October 1, 1989 through September 30, 1990. The Registries are parallel human tissue research programs devoted to the study of the actinide elements in humans. To date there have been 261 autopsy or surgical specimen donations, which include 11 whole bodies. The emphasis of the Registry was directed towards quality improvement and the development of a fully computerized data base that would incorporate not only the results of postmortem radiochemical analysis, but also medical and monitoring information obtained during life. Human subjects reviews were also completed. A three compartment biokinetic model for plutonium distribution is proposed. 2 tabs.
Kathren, R.L.; Filipy, R.E.; Dietert, S.E.
The Presidents of the United States
Presidents of the United States, an extension of the White House Web site, offers a list of every President that ever served this country. Listed by date of service, this site features a picture along with a brief biography of each American President. Also available are quizzes and interesting trivia facts such as July 4, 1826 --- 50 years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence --- is the day of both President John Adamss and President Thomas Jeffersons death. Equally important, accessible on this page are hyperlinks to the First Ladies site, where pictures and historical data is provided for all of the women who served as First Ladies of the U.S.; and the White House home page, where, among other things, viewers can receive up-to-date information concerning the President, Vice-President, and the latest happenings in Congress.
United States Department of Transportation: Briefing Room
The United States Department of Transportation's Briefing Room is a one-stop center for journalists, policy scholars, and members of the general public to obtain the latest news, multimedia, and other updates from this government agency. On the homepage, visitors can look over the Latest News, view the Featured Video, or look through the recent Speeches. Along the right-hand side of the home page, visitors can make their way through specialized sites that look at various initiatives, such as open government and the implementation of the Recovery Act at the DOT. For those people looking for updates on pressing transportation policy matters, the Videos area has features on distracted driving, surface transportation initiatives, and the future of publicly-funded rail projects.
Don't Settle: Leslie Monsalve-Jones--New Mexico State Library
Leslie Monsalve-Jones is a library technician with the New Mexico State Library, responsible for claiming documents that state agencies don't submit. She also maintains the collection and can immediately track down any requested document. In short, she is the kind of worker whose price is above rubies but whose pay is slightly above pebbles. And…
Library Journal, 2005
77 FR 3224 - New Mexico: Incorporation by Reference of State Hazardous Waste Management Program
...FRL-9613-5] New Mexico: Incorporation by Reference of State Hazardous Waste Management Program...program. The EPA will incorporate by reference into the Code of Federal Regulations...EPA is codifying and incorporating by reference the State's hazardous waste...
Gambling Trends in the State of New Mexico: 1996-1998
New Mexico experienced a surge in the gaming industry during the mid-1990s with the initiation of a state lottery and other new gaming opportunities, as well as the development of many Indian gaming establishments. This paper explores patterns associated with gambling in two random samples of the adult population (N = 2674) in the entire State of…
Blankenship, Jason; Starling, Randall; Woodall, W. G.; May, Philip A.
Collaborative Leadership for State Systems Building: New Mexico's Early Childhood Action Network
The Early Childhood Action Network (ECAN) provides an example of successful state systems building in New Mexico. The far-reaching scope of ECAN's coalition and accomplishments identifies promising collaborative leadership practices that have relevance for early childhood leaders in other states. The author describes the accomplishments of ECAN's…
Vermilya, Lois
Unmanned Spacecraft of the United States
In 1957 the first earth satellite ushered in the age of space flight. Since that historic event, space exploration has become a major national objective of both the United States and the Soviet Union. These two nations have attempted a total of well over 200 space flight missions. Other nations are also participating in various degrees in what will continue to grow as a cooperative world effort. In the years since 1957, man has successfully flown in earth orbit. He has initiated programs to land on the moon and return. He has made dramatic applications of earth satellites in meteorology, communications, navigation, and geodesy. A host of scientific satellites.continue to advance understanding of the earth's environment, the sun, and the stars. Automated spacecraft are being flown to the moon, deep into interplanetary space, and to the near planets, Mars and Venus. One of the most exciting technological aspects of space exploration has been the development of automated spacecraft. Most of the scientific exploration of space and the useful applications of space flight thus far have been made possible by automated spacecraft. Development of these spacecraft and their many complex subsystems is setting the pace today for many branches of science and technology. Guidance, computer, attitude control, power, telecommunication, instrumentation, and structural subsystems are being subjected to new standards of light weight, high efficiency, extreme accuracy, and unsurpassed reliability and quality. This publication reviews the automated spacecraft which have been developed and flown, or which are under active development in the United States by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. From the facts and statistics contained herein, certain observations can be made and certain conclusions drawn.
Cortright, Edgar M.
Climatic controls on Pennsylvanian sequences, United States
Temporal and spatial paleoclimate changes were primary controls on changes in sediment supply, both siliciclastic and chemical, in Pennsylvanian deposystems of the United States. Tectonic and eustatic processes, as well as climatically induced changes in sediment supply, controlled accommodation space and sequence stratigraphy within these deposystems. Interbasinal correlations of lithologies sensitive to climate, such as coeval paleosols, provide continental-scale records of climatic and eustatic conditions. Pennsylvanian bio- and lithostratigraphy are indicative of climate change at time scales that range from long-term (tens of millions of years) as Pangea formed and North America moved northward through the paleoequator, to intermediate-term hundred thousand year cycles controlled by orbital forcing, to very short-term events perhaps analogous to El Nino. Because of proximity to the humid tropics, the long-term climate of eastern basins of the United States was generally wetter than western basins. In the east, pluvial parts of climate cycles occur during low-stand events and are recorded by intense chemical weathering, high terrestrial organic productivity, restricted erosion, and siliciclastic sediment starvation. These conditions resulted in highly leached mineral paleosols (Ultisols) and coal beds (Histosols) of interbasinal extent. Drier parts of climate cycles in the east occurred during highstands of sea level when erosion and siliciclastic transport were maximum. In the western basins pluvial periods are generally indicated by shifts from eolian to fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary regimes in continental environments and from evaporate and carbonate to siliciclastic deposition, including black shale petroleum source rocks, in marine environments. Tectonics controlled basin development and glacial eustasy controlled sea level cycles. Climate, however, was the primary control on sediment supply and lithostratigraphy.
Cecil, C.B.; Dulong, F.T.; Edgar, N.T. [Geological Survey, Reston, VA (United States)
Tetanus surveillance --- United States, 2001-2008.
Tetanus is a life-threatening but preventable disease caused by the toxin of Clostridium tetani, a ubiquitous, spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus found in high concentrations in soil and animal excrement. Reported tetanus cases have declined >95%, and deaths from tetanus have declined >99% in the United States since 1947, when the disease became reportable nationally. To update a previous report and to determine the populations at greatest risk for the disease, CDC analyzed cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) during 2001--2008. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that 233 tetanus cases were reported during 2001--2008; among the 197 cases with known outcomes, the case-fatality rate was 13.2%. Average annual incidence during that period was 0.10 per 1 million population overall and 0.23 among persons aged ?65 years. Incidence among Hispanics was nearly twice that among non-Hispanics, a difference accounted for by 16 cases among Hispanic injection drug users (IDUs). Among the 92 patients for whom tetanus toxoid-containing (TT) vaccination status was available, 37 (40.2%) had received no doses of TT vaccine. Thirty (15.4%) of 195 patients had diabetes, and 27 (15.3%) of 176 were IDUs. Of 51 patients with an acute wound and a surveillance report complete enough to evaluate tetanus prophylaxis, 49 (96.1%) had not received appropriate prophylaxis. Tetanus remains a rare but life-threatening disease in the United States. Health-care providers should ensure up-to-date TT vaccination of all their patients, especially persons aged ?65 years, persons with diabetes, and injection drug users. PMID:21451446
Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Conterminous United States
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), with support from NatureServe, has modeled the potential distribution of 419 terrestrial ecosystems for the conterminous United States using a comprehensive biophysical stratification approach that identifies distinct biophysical environments and associates them with known vegetation distributions (Sayre and others, 2009). This standardized ecosystem mapping effort used an ecosystems classification developed by NatureServe (Comer and others, 2003). The ecosystem mapping methodology was developed for South America (Sayre and others, 2008) and is now being implemented globally (Sayre and others, 2007). The biophysical stratification approach is based on mapping the major structural components of ecosystems (land surface forms, topographic moisture potential, surficial lithology, isobioclimates and biogeographic regions) and then spatially combining them to produce a set of unique biophysical environments. These physically distinct areas are considered as the fundamental structural units ('building blocks') of ecosystems, and are subsequently aggregated and labeled using the NatureServe classification. The structural footprints were developed from the geospatial union of several base layers including biogeographic regions, isobioclimates (Cress and others, 2009a), land surface forms (Cress and others, 2009b), topographic moisture potential (Cress and others, 2009c), and surficial lithology (Cress and others, in press). Among the 49,168 unique structural footprint classes that resulted from the union, 13,482 classes met a minimum pixel count threshold (20,000 pixels) and were aggregated into 419 NatureServe ecosystems using a semiautomated labeling process based on rule-set formulations for attribution of each ecosystem. The resulting ecosystems are those that are expected to occur based on the combination of the bioclimate, biogeography, and geomorphology. Where land use by humans has not altered land cover, natural vegetation assemblages are expected to occur, and these are described in the ecosystems classification. The map does not show the distribution of urban and agricultural areas - these will be masked out in subsequent analyses to depict the current land cover in addition to the potential distribution of natural ecosystems. This map depicts the smoothed and generalized image of the terrestrial ecosystems dataset. Additional information about this map and any data developed for the ecosystems modeling of the conterminous United States is available online at: http://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/ecosystems/.
Sayre, Roger; Comer, Patrick; Cress, Jill; Warner, Harumi
The methamphetamine problem in the United States.
Significant public health problems associated with methamphetamine (MA) production and use in the United States have emerged over the past 25 years; however, there has been considerable controversy about the size of the problem. Epidemiological indicators have provided a mixed picture. National surveys of the adult U.S. population and school-based populations have consistently been used to support the position that MA use is a relatively minor concern. However, many other data sources, including law-enforcement groups, welfare agencies, substance abuse treatment program admissions, criminal justice agencies, and state/county executives indicate that MA is a very significant public health problem for many communities throughout much of the country. In this article, we describe (a) the historical underpinnings of the MA problem, (b) epidemiological trends in MA use, (c) key subgroups at risk for MA problems, (d) the health and social factors associated with MA use, (e) interventions available for addressing the MA problem, and (f) lessons learned from past efforts addressing the MA problem. PMID:20070191
Gonzales, Rachel; Mooney, Larissa; Rawson, Richard A
United States Offshore Wind Resource Assessment
The utilization of the offshore wind resource will be necessary if the United States is to meet the goal of having 20% of its electricity generated by wind power because many of the electrical load centers in the country are located along the coastlines. The United States Department of Energy, through its National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), has supported an ongoing project to assess the wind resource for the offshore regions of the contiguous United States including the Great Lakes. Final offshore maps with a horizontal resolution of 200 meters (m) have been completed for Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, northern New England, and the Great Lakes. The ocean wind resource maps extend from the coastline to 50 nautical miles (nm) offshore. The Great Lake maps show the resource for all of the individual lakes. These maps depict the wind resource at 50 m above the water as classes of wind power density. Class 1 represents the lowest available wind resource, while Class 7 is the highest resource. Areas with Class 5 and higher wind resource can be economical for offshore project development. As offshore wind turbine technology improves, areas with Class 4 and higher resource should become economically viable. The wind resource maps are generated using output from a modified numerical weather prediction model combined with a wind flow model. The preliminary modeling is performed by AWS Truewind under subcontract to NREL. The preliminary model estimates are sent to NREL to be validated. NREL validates the preliminary estimates by comparing 50 m model data to available measurements that are extrapolated to 50 m. The validation results are used to modify the preliminary map and produce the final resource map. The sources of offshore wind measurement data include buoys, automated stations, lighthouses, and satellite- derived ocean wind speed data. The wind electric potential is represented as Megawatts (MW) of potential installed capacity and is based on the square kilometers (sq. km) of Class 5 and higher wind resource found in a specific region. NREL uses a factor of 5 MW of installed capacity per sq. km of "windy water" for its raw electric potential calculations. NREL uses Geographic Information System data to break down the offshore wind potential by state, water depth, and distance from shore. The wind potential estimates are based on the updated maps, and on previous offshore resource information for regions where new maps are not available. The estimates are updated as new maps are completed. For example, the updated Texas offshore map shows almost 3000 sq. km of Class 5 resource within 10 nm of shore and nearly 2000 sq. km of Class 5 resource or 10,000 MW of potential installed capacity in water depths of less than 30 m. NREL plans to develop exclusion criteria to further refine the offshore wind potential
Schwartz, M.; Haymes, S.; Heimiller, D.
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and its security implications for the United Kingdom and the United States
The United Kingdom has signed and ratified the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The United States signed the treaty in September 1996, and currently the decision on whether to ratify it is pending in the Senate. Key differences reside in the political and objective strategic situations of the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom`s parliamentary system a single party (or a coalition) makes decisions. The United States, however, was designed to have a separation of powers, and this insures that the legislative and executive branches have opportunities for discord as well as cooperation. Currently the United Kingdom has operational weapons production facilities, whereas the United States does not. The United Kingdom has only one nuclear weapons program (the Trident missile) to maintain, whereas the United States has multiple delivery systems and warhead types to maintain. The United Kingdom`s nuclear deterrent provides for the country`s security needs, yet the United Kingdom is also covered by US nuclear commitments. Indeed, the United States provides extended deterrence protection for allies and security partners around the world. These responsibilities imply that the implications of the CTBT could be more momentous for the United States than for the United Kingdom.
Sironi, L.
Engineering assessment of inactive uranium mill tailings: Phillips/United Nuclear site, Ambrosia Lake, New Mexico
Ford, Bacon and Davis Utah, Inc., has reevaluated the Phillips/United Nuclear site in order to revise the December 1977 engineering assessment of the problems resulting from the existence of radioactive uranium mill tailings at Ambrosia Lake, New Mexico. This engineering assessment has included the preparation of topographic maps, the performance of core drillings and radiometric measurements sufficient to determine areas and volumes of tailings and radiation exposures of individuals and nearby populations, the investigations of site hydrology and meteorology, and the evaluation and costing of alternative corrective actions. Radon gas released from 2.6 million dry tons of tailings at the Phillips/United Nuclear site constitutes the most significant environmental impact, although windblown tailings and external gamma radiation also are factors. The four alternative actions presented in this engineering assessment range from millsite decontamination with the addition of 3 m of stabilization cover material, to removal of the tailings to remote disposal sites and decontamination of the tailings site. Cost estimates for the four options range from about $21,500,000 for stabilization in-place, to about $45,200,000 for disposal at a distance of about 15 mi. Three principal alternatives for the reprocessing of the Phillips/United Nuclear tailings were examined: heap leaching; treatment at an existing mill; and reprocessing at a new conventional mill constructed for tailings reprocessing.The cost of the uranium recovered would be about $87/lb of U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ by either heap leach or conventional plant process. The spot market price for uranium was $25/lb early in 1981. Reprocessing the Phillips/United Nuclear tailings for uranium recovery does not appear to be economically attractive under present or foreseeable market conditions.
The United States celebrates National Library Week
ALA Report: Poor Middle, High School Libraries Suffer the Most Budget Cutshttp://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/slj/home/890148-312/ala_report_poor_middle_high.html.cspClosing most Cobb libraries not realistichttp://www.ajc.com/opinion/closing-most-cobb-libraries-906121.htmlALA: 2011 State of America's Libraries Report [pdf]http://ala.org/ala/newspresscenter/mediapresscenter/americaslibraries2011/index.cfmThe Most Criticized Books! A Handy List From Your Libraryhttp://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/04/11/135316133/the-most-criticized-books-a-handy-list-from-your-library@Your Libraryhttp://www.atyourlibrary.org/It's National Library Week, and libraries around the United States have much to celebrate. More and more patrons are coming in to their area libraries to check out e-books, read the newspapers, search for jobs online, and to take advantage of unique programs, such as special presentations and concerts. Flush times indeed, but along with rising patronage, public libraries are also facing major cutbacks in terms of funding. This week, the American Library Association (ALA) released its annual "State of America's Libraries" report, and there were a number of troubling signs within its pages. Perhaps the most troubling revelation was that middle and high school libraries in high poverty areas of the US suffered average spending cuts on information resources and collection size of 25.5 percent. The report also noted that total library staff hours declined across the United States, but there was an average increase of 0.8 hours per week among certified school librarians. While most observers tend to agree that libraries will continue to serve as important community gathering centers in the future, it remains to be seen what will be contained within their walls 10 or 20 years in the future.The first link will take visitors to a recent piece of reporting from National Public Radio (NPR) about the future of libraries, with specific reference to the growing popularity of e-books. The second link leads to a piece from the School Library Journal about the budgets cuts among libraries in high poverty areas. Moving on, the third link will whisk users away to an opinion piece by writer Margaret Johnson-Hodge about the importance of libraries in Cobb County, Georgia. The fourth link leads to the full text of the 2011 State of America's Libraries Report from the ALA. The fifth link leads to a report from NPR on the most frequently challenged books of 2010. This list includes titles such as "Brave New World" by Aldous Huxley and "Crank" by Ellen Hopkins. Finally, the last link leads to the homepage of the Campaign for America's Libraries, which provides information on local libraries, recommended books and music, and information on their mission and work.
Grinnell, Max
Regional and State Level Water Scarcity Report: Northeast United States
There are an abundance of large-scale, coarse resolution global water scarcity studies, but the existing literature fails to address regional and state specific scarcity measures. Moreover, while environmental water requirements are an integral factor in the development and implementation of sustainable water management practices, only recently has this notion been introduced to water scarcity research. In this paper, we argue that developing a preliminary measure of water scarcity, at the regional and state levels, will allow for more informed policy development. The goal of this study is to generate a more comprehensive understanding of water scarcity in the Northeast, by gathering fine scale data, applying a consistent methodology to the calculation of a scarcity index, and analyzing the results to see relative trends in spatio-temporal water scarcity. Public supply, irrigation, rural, industrial and thermo-power withdrawals have been compiled from USGS state water use publications from 1950 to 1985. Using the WBMplus water model runoff data, state specific in-stream environmental water requirements were calculated using the accepted hydro-ecological methodology. Water scarcity was then calculated as a ratio of water withdrawals to total available water minus environmental flow requirements for the system. In so doing, this study generates a spatially explicit and temporally varying water scarcity indicator (WSI) for the Northeastern United States between 1950 and 2000 at the regional and state levels at a five-year time interval. Calculation of a spatial and temporal water scarcity indicator enabled us to identify regions and specific states that were: slightly exploited (WSI < 0.3), moderately exploited (0.31.0). The minimum environmental water requirements to maintain in-stream aquatic and riparian ecosystems for the Northeastern states ranged between 27.5 to 36.3 percent of the mean annual runoff within Vermont and Maryland, respectively. The regional WSI values ranged between 0.199 in 1950 and 0.512 in 1995, indicating increasing water scarcity over time as population and employment growth has placed greater demands on water resources. Additionally, our study revealed that in 1980, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and New Jersey scarcity levels were 0.733, 0.790 and 0.857, respectively. Although the Northeastern United States is commonly perceived as a water rich region, moderate to heavily exploited levels of water stress were observed over the time period when a finer spatial scale is utilized. Water scarcity indicator values were disaggregated by state for each time period and illustrated using a series of maps. Additional descriptive statistics were used to elucidate the differences in water scarcity between states over time.
Nicoletti, C. K.; Lopez-Morales, C. A.; Hoover, J. H.; Voigt, B. G.; Vorosmarty, C. J.; Mohammed, I. N.
Transboundary Influences on Ozone Pollution in the United States: Present Conditions and Future Projections
The GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model (v7-02-01) with 1° x1° horizontal resolution over North America is used to investigate the influence of transboundary pollution from Canada and Mexico on surface ozone in the United States. We conduct a series of 4 simulations for present day conditions: (1) a standard simulation with 2001 anthropogenic emissions worldwide, (2) with zero U.S. anthropogenic emissions, (3) with zero anthropogenic emission in North America (Canada, U.S. and Mexico), and (4) with 2006 East Asian emissions and no emission in North America. For future projections, we repeat (1)-(3) with a 2020 worldwide emissions inventory, in addition to a run with U.S. Power plant emissions switched off. The standard simulation is evaluated with observations for U.S. regions most sensitive to transboundary pollution (northeast for Canada, southwest for Mexico). Monthly mean ozone enhancements from transboundary pollution are in the 5-10 ppb range for these regions in June-August, but can exceed 30 ppbv under conditions when ozone is above the U.S. air quality standard (84 ppbv). Unlike intercontinental pollution influence which mainly contributes to the ozone background and is depleted during regional smog episodes, transboundary pollution influence from Canada and Mexico is highly variable and can contribute significantly to these episodes.
Le Sager, P.; Wang, H.; Jacob, D. J.; Park, R. J.
Genetic Analysis of a Novel Xylella fastidiosa Subspecies Found in the Southwestern United States ?
Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of several scorch diseases, is associated with leaf scorch symptoms in Chitalpa tashkentensis, a common ornamental landscape plant used throughout the southwestern United States. For a number of years, many chitalpa trees in southern New Mexico and Arizona exhibited leaf scorch symptoms, and the results from a regional survey show that chitalpa trees from New Mexico, Arizona, and California are frequently infected with X. fastidiosa. Phylogenetic analysis of multiple loci was used to compare the X. fastidiosa infecting chitalpa strains from New Mexico, Arizona, and trees imported into New Mexico nurseries with previously reported X. fastidiosa strains. Loci analyzed included the 16S ribosome, 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic spacer region, gyrase-B, simple sequence repeat sequences, X. fastidiosa-specific sequences, and the virulence-associated protein (VapD). This analysis indicates that the X. fastidiosa isolates associated with infected chitalpa trees in the Southwest are a highly related group that is distinct from the four previously defined taxons X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (piercei), X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex, X. fastidiosa subsp. sandyi, and X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca. Therefore, the classification proposed for this new subspecies is X. fastidiosa subsp. tashke.
Randall, Jennifer J.; Goldberg, Natalie P.; Kemp, John D.; Radionenko, Maxim; French, Jason M.; Olsen, Mary W.; Hanson, Stephen F.
Genetic analysis of a novel Xylella fastidiosa subspecies found in the southwestern United States.
Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of several scorch diseases, is associated with leaf scorch symptoms in Chitalpa tashkentensis, a common ornamental landscape plant used throughout the southwestern United States. For a number of years, many chitalpa trees in southern New Mexico and Arizona exhibited leaf scorch symptoms, and the results from a regional survey show that chitalpa trees from New Mexico, Arizona, and California are frequently infected with X. fastidiosa. Phylogenetic analysis of multiple loci was used to compare the X. fastidiosa infecting chitalpa strains from New Mexico, Arizona, and trees imported into New Mexico nurseries with previously reported X. fastidiosa strains. Loci analyzed included the 16S ribosome, 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic spacer region, gyrase-B, simple sequence repeat sequences, X. fastidiosa-specific sequences, and the virulence-associated protein (VapD). This analysis indicates that the X. fastidiosa isolates associated with infected chitalpa trees in the Southwest are a highly related group that is distinct from the four previously defined taxons X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (piercei), X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex, X. fastidiosa subsp. sandyi, and X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca. Therefore, the classification proposed for this new subspecies is X. fastidiosa subsp. tashke. PMID:19581467
Randall, Jennifer J; Goldberg, Natalie P; Kemp, John D; Radionenko, Maxim; French, Jason M; Olsen, Mary W; Hanson, Stephen F
Asian Pacific Perspectives: Samoans in the United States.
These instructional materials on Samoans in the United States for elementary students were developed through the K.E.Y.S. project (Knowledge of English Yields Success). Information is included about Samoa, migration of Samoans to the United States, cultural background, and Samoan students. Resource guides describe the purpose of the unit, how to…
Los Angeles Unified School District, CA.
7 CFR 319.56-30 - Hass avocados from Michoacan, Mexico.
...Fruits and Vegetables § 319.56-30 Hass avocados from Michoacan, Mexico. Fresh Hass variety avocados (Persea americana ) may be imported from Michoacan, Mexico, into the United States in accordance with the requirements of §...
Building the United States National Vegetation Classification
The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Vegetation Subcommittee, the Ecological Society of America Panel on Vegetation Classification, and NatureServe have worked together to develop the United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). The current standard was accepted in 2008 and fosters consistency across Federal agencies and non-federal partners for the description of each vegetation concept and its hierarchical classification. The USNVC is structured as a dynamic standard, where changes to types at any level may be proposed at any time as new information comes in. But, because much information already exists from previous work, the NVC partners first established methods for screening existing types to determine their acceptability with respect to the 2008 standard. Current efforts include a screening process to assign confidence to Association and Group level descriptions, and a review of the upper three levels of the classification. For the upper levels especially, the expectation is that the review process includes international scientists. Immediate future efforts include the review of remaining levels and the development of a proposal review process.
Franklin, S. B.; Faber-Langendoen, D.; Jennings, M.; Keeler-Wolf, T.; Loucks, O.; Peet, R.; Roberts, D.; McKerrow, A.
Tetrapyrrole pigments in United States humic coals
Analyses of forty-two United States humic coals have revealed a striking divergence between chlorophyll diagenesis in coals when compared to the more widely studied marine sediments, shales, asphalts and petroleums. Porphyrins of humic coals have been found to be dominated by the ETIO-series, to lack members above C-32, and, in lower ranked samples ( e.g. Sub-bituminous-B, high volatile C) to exhibit mass spectral envelopes with unique even-carbon number predominances. The weighted average mass, as well as the carbon number maximum ( viz. mode), of these coal porphyrin homologies has been found to decrease as rank increases. The generation of porphyrins of the ETIO-series is suggested as occurring both during early coal formation, including oxidative scission of the isocyclic ring at the phorbide stage, and later during the catagenic alteration of surviving DPEP-series porphyrins. A preliminary study of chlorophyll diagenesis in a South Florida peat partially substantiates this suggestion and has further shown that the coal porphyrins can be derived from bacterial, as well as higher plant, chlorophylls.
Palmer, S. E.; Baker, E. W.; Charney, L. S.; Louda, J. W.
Explosive Cyclogenesis Over the Eastern United States.
Cases of explosive cyclogenesis occurring over the east central United States are identified and analyzed. Other selected cases of weak or nonintensifying cyclones over the same area are identified and studied for comparative purposes. Signatures of explosively deepening cyclones (bombs) are derived from the analyses, including vertical profiles of vorticity, divergence, and latent heating, and also the relative importance of terms in the vorticity tendency equation and the relative importance of convective and stable latent heating. Composite analyses for the differing phases of bomb development and for regular cyclones are presented. Analyses of individual cases reveal the importance of a low-level jet streak, low-level moisture content, and moisture gradients in the lower troposphere. A numerical model is used to further examine the important processes in explosive cyclogenesis. A mesoscale feature is introduced to improve the prediction of sea -level pressure. This feature is based on the tendency of the large scale height field and vorticity field to adjust concurrently at each time step. The model is also used to provide air parcel trajectories to indicate the importance of parcels with high vorticity and moisture content as an ingredient in explosive cyclogenesis. Sensitivity studies are carried out with the model in order to determine the effect of changes in the initial vorticity and moisture field on cyclogenesis.
MacDonald, Bruce Calvin
The Lights of Earth: United States
The Lights of Earth can be seen from space. Human-made lights highlight particularly developed or populated areas of the Earths surface, including the seaboards of Europe, the eastern United States, and Japan. Many large cities are located near rivers or oceans so that they can exchange goods cheaply by boat. Particularly dark areas include the central parts of South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The above image is actually a composite of hundreds of pictures made by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) currently operates four satellites carrying the Operational Linescan System (OLS) in low-altitude polar orbits. Three of these satellites record nighttime data. The DMSP-OLS has a unique capability to detect low levels of visible-near infrared (VNIR) radiance at night. With the OLS VIS band data it is possible to detect clouds illuminated by moonlight, plus lights from cities, towns, industrial sites, gas flares, and ephemeral events such as fires and lightning-illuminated clouds. The Nighttime Lights of the World data set is compiled from the October 1994 - March 1995 DMSP nighttime data collected when moonlight was low. Using the OLS thermal infrared band, areas containing clouds were removed and the remaining area used in the time series.
Snodgrass, Stuart; Simmon, Robert; Mayhew, Craig; Imhoff, Marc; Elvidge, Christopher
Student Teaching in the United States
Though few would dispute its value, the job of providing apprenticeships for some 200,000 teacher candidates each year in real classrooms is a massive and complex undertaking. About 1,400 higher education institutions work with many thousands of school districts across the United States to place, mentor and supervise teacher candidates in what is popularly known as âstudent teaching.â Even as the profession pushes for more and earlier field work opportunities, student teaching is the final clinical experience. During the typical semester-long experience, student teaching candidates must synthesize everything they have learned about planning instruction: collecting or developing instructional materials, teaching lessons, guiding small group activities, and establishing and maintaining orderânot to mention meetings with faculty and parents and, in some districts still, taking on lunchroom and playground duties. Passing (or failing) student teaching determines whether an individual will be recommended for certification as a licensed teacher. Because few dispute the tremendous potential value of student teaching, even alternate pathways to profession, often criticized for taking too many shortcuts, generally try to provide their teaching candidates with some kind of student teaching experience, however abbreviated. Surveys of new teachers suggest that student teaching is the most important part of their teaching training experience.
Greenberg, Julie; Pomerance, Laura; Walsh, Kate
Health system reform in the United States.
In 2010, the United States adopted its first-ever comprehensive set of health system reforms in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Implementation of the law, though politically contentious and controversial, has now reached a stage where reversal of most elements of the law is no longer feasible. The controversial portions of the law that expand affordable health insurance coverage to most U.S. citizens and legal residents do not offer any important lessons for the global community. The portions of the law seeking to improve the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of medical care as delivered in the U.S., hold lessons for the global community as all nations struggle to gain greater value from the societal resources they invest in medical care for their peoples. Health reform is an ongoing process of planning, legislating, implementing, and evaluating system changes. The U.S. set of delivery system reforms has much for reformers around the globe to assess and consider. PMID:24596894
McDonough, John E
Electric trade in the United States, 1996
Wholesale trade in electricity plays an important role for the US electric utility industry. Wholesale, or bulk power, transactions allow electric utilities to reduce power costs, increase power supply options, and improve reliability. In 1996, the wholesale trade market totaled 2.3 trillion kilowatthours, over 73% of total sales to ultimate consumers. This publication, Electric Trade in the United States 1996 (ELECTRA), is the sixth in a series of reports on wholesale power transactions prepared by the Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels, Energy Information Administration (EIA). The electric trade data are published biennially. The first report presented 1986 data, and this report provides information on the electric power industry during 1996. The electric trade data collected and presented in this report furnish important information on the wholesale structure found within the US electric power industry. The patterns of interutility trade in the report support analyses of wholesale power transactions and provide input for a broader understanding of bulk power market issues that define the emerging national electric energy policies. The report includes information on the quantity of power purchased, sold, exchanged, and wheeled; the geographical locations of transactions and ownership classes involved; and the revenues and costs. 1 fig., 43 tabs.
Russian: United States Environmental Restoration Workshop
The Russian - United States Environmental Restoration Workshop, held in Washington, D.C., and Richland, Washington, from April 5 through 18, 1993, was the first extended collaborative information exchange between the US Department of Energy (DOE) and Russian scientists at the site level. In addition to the Russian scientists, workshop participants included scientists and staff from DOE, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC), the US Environmental Training Institute (USETI), universities, and the private sector. The first week (April 5 through 10) of the workshop took place in Washington, D.C., where the Russian and US participants were presented with a US perspective on environmental restoration and remediation issues from representatives in DOE and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The second week (April 11 through 18) occurred in Richland, Washington, where the participants were presented with site-specific environmental restoration and remediation issues related to Hanford Site cleanup. This report is a compilation of the presentations, discussions, and experiences shared during the second week of the workshop in Richland, Washington.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Propaganda
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. has created an excellent exhibition here on this site to complement the one at their headquarters about the role of propaganda in World War II. The exhibition and accompanying "Features", including a "Poll and Online Forum" and "Student Activity", explore "how the Nazi Party used modern techniques as well as new technologies and carefully crafted messages to sway millions with its vision for a new Germany." Visitors will find that the exhibit goes beyond just images of propaganda posters, and starts by giving a detailed explanation of the history of the definition of propaganda under the heading "What is Propaganda?" on the homepage. The three image galleries, which can be found at the top of the page, are "Timeline", "Themes" and "Gallery". In the "Themes" section, visitors should scroll over the white-framed images to see the name of the theme that can be accessed by clicking on that image. There are seven themes here, including "Indoctrinating Youth", "Rallying the Nation", "Deceiving the Public", and "Defining the Enemy".
United States orbital transfer vehicle programs
The United States will rely on five orbital transfer vehicles to carry spacecraft to higher energy orbits than achievable by the Space Shuttle or various Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELV). These vehicles are the Payload Assist Module-Delta (PAM-D), an upgraded version designated PAM-DII, the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), the Transfer Orbit Stage (TOS), and the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV). Development of these vehicles have evolved through contrasting cultures of government and commercial management. The spectrum of their capabilities range from providing spacecraft with only a preprogrammed perigee velocity additions to man-in-the-loop remote controlled spacecraft rendezvous, docking, retrieval and return to a space base; either the Shuttle or the Space Station Freedom. The PAM-D, PAM-DII, and IUS are now nearing maturity. Their characteristics, flight record, costs, and projected future uses are defined. The TOS and OMV are currently in development with first uses scheduled in 1992 and 1993, respectively. The TOS is being commercially developed while the OMV is government developed. The TOS and OMV capabilities, constraints, and costs are reviewed.
Gunn, Charles R.
Mapping Potential Croplands in the United States
There is a growing debate about land availability in the U.S., with some proponents of biofuels suggesting a nearly endless supply of land for production, while others claim we have already reached "peak land". Until now, however, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the extent and location of uncultivated land suitable for crop production in the U.S. We created the first spatially-explicit database of Potentially Available Cropland (PAC) in the United States by fusing NASS's Cropland Data Layer with data from the U.S. Census and Census of Agriculture, Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) data, and databases of public, private, and protected areas, while implementing rule-based decisions derived from stakeholder interviews. We considered all potential cropland, including idle land, pastureland, and areas of turf lawn that could be used for production. We then used the output maps to estimate maximum production potential and associated carbon debt for the U.S. under a range of scenarios. Preliminary results suggest that fully cultivating all PAC could increase U.S. annual corn grain production by 16 - 48 % and more than double current U.S. vegetable production. However, several economic, social, and physical constraints as well as ecological tradeoffs limit the practical expansion onto these lands. Our results will provide needed inputs to project national and global agricultural production potential, constrain estimates of direct and indirect land use change, and inform agricultural and energy policy.
Lark, T. J.; Gibbs, H. K.
United States military posture for FY 1989
The primary purpose of this statement on the military posture of the United States is to supplement testimony by the Chairman and other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff at congressional hearings in support of the FY 1989 Defense Budget. Chapter I is an overview that describes the main challenges to US national security, outlines objectives and elements of US military strategy, and highlights continuing efforts to field the best possible armed forces for the protection of US national interests. Chapter II compares US defense requirements and resource commitment with those of the Soviet Union. Chapter III provides an overview of the global military environment by comparing US and allied forces with Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces. Chapter IV assesses the current and projected capability of the US Armed Forces to meet the Soviet nuclear threat. Chapter V assesses the current and projected capability of the US Armed Forces, in concert with friends and allies, to meet the Soviet conventional military threat. This chapter deals primarily with joint perspectives that have increased the capabilities and efficiency of our forces. Chapter VI addresses other topics of interest. Unless otherwise noted, data shown in this report have used operational as opposed to treaty inventories for strategic weapon systems, a fiscal year cutoff date of 30 September 1987, and mobilized forces. Additionally, data have been developed based on a global as opposed to regional war scenario.
Multifunctional Agriculture in the United States
This peer-reviewed article from Bioscience reviews changes in agriculture in the United States. Possible changes were evaluated to current farming practices in two Minnesota watersheds to provide insight into how farm policy might affect environmental, social, and economic outcomes. Watershed residents helped develop four scenarios to evaluate alternative future trends in agricultural management and to project potential economic and environmental outcomes. We found that environmental and economic benefits can be attained through changes in agricultural land management without increasing public costs. The magnitude of these benefits depends on the magnitude of changes to agricultural practices. Environmental benefits include improved water quality, healthier fish, increased carbon sequestration, and decreased greenhouse gas emissions, while economic benefits include social capital formation, greater farm profitability, and avoided costs. Policy transitions that emphasize functions of agriculture in addition to food production are crucial for creating change. We suggest that redirecting farm payments by using alternative incentives could lead to substantial environmental changes at little or no extra cost to the taxpayer.
GEORGE BOODY, BRUCE VONDRACEK, DAVID A. ANDOW, MARA KRINKE, JOHN WESTRA, JULIE ZIMMERMAN, and PATRICK WELLE (;)
Living Donor Practices in the United States
Living donation is a common procedure in the United States. Substantial variation exists among transplant centers in their protocols and exclusion criteria for potential living donors. In the absence of clinical trial data to guide decisions about exclusion criteria, knowledge of current practices is an important first step in guiding the formulation of donor protocols as well as future studies. Certain trends in live donation practices have become apparent from surveys of transplant programs over the past few decades. Over the past 25 years, opposition in the US to living unrelated donation has gone from strong to essentially nonexistent. With respect to donor age, programs have become less strict regarding upper age limits, but stricter regarding younger donor candidates. Protocols regarding kidney function, blood pressure and diabetes screening also continue to evolve. Although donor follow up is mandated by the OPTN for two years after donation, a majority of donors are lost to follow up by one year. The most commonly cited barriers to donor follow up include donor inconvenience, cost issues including reimbursement to care providers, as well as direct and indirect costs to donors. Here, we review the current knowledge about living donor practices in the U.S.
Mandelbrot, Didier A.; Pavlakis, Martha
Elevations and distances in the United States
The information in this booklet was compiled to answer inquiries received by the U.S. Geological Survey from students; teachers; writers; editors; publishers of encyclopedias, almanacs, and other reference books; and people in many other fields of work. The elevations of features and distances between points in the United States were determined from surveys and topographic maps of the U.S. Geological Survey or obtained from other sources. In most cases, the elevations were determined from surveys and from 1:24,000- and 1:25,000-scale, 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps. In Alaska, information was taken from 1:63,360-scale, 15-minute topographic quadrangle maps. In a few cases, data were obtained from older, 1:62,500-scale, 15-minute maps; these maps are being replaced with larger-scale 7.5-minute coverage. Further information about U.S. Geological Survey products can be obtained from: U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, 507 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 or phone 703-860-6045.
Immigration within the United States: prevalence of childhood hearing loss revisited.
PURPOSE As more adult and child immigrants enter the United States each year, there is a high likelihood that the prevalence of childhood hearing loss in the United States is underestimated, given estimations of the number of immigrant children entering the country with hearing loss. METHOD Information was collected using online search engines and peer-reviewed journals. The most recent articles available through search engines included in EBSCOhost at the time were used. The gathered data were organized by emigrating country, and the 2 countries with the highest immigration rates were presented. Estimations of the number of children immigrating with hearing loss were made using data from published peer-reviewed articles and government reports on immigration. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hearing loss in the United States is underestimated when considering undetected hearing loss in immigrant children. The addition of the immigrant children from only Mexico and China presents a 7.5% increase in the total number of children in the United States with hearing loss. This reinforces the importance of early detection of hearing loss in these children, resulting in more accurate estimation of the rate of childhood hearing loss in the United States and better planning for intervention programs. PMID:24687030
Pape, Lindsay; Kennedy, Kaitlyn; Kaf, Wafaa; Zahirsha, Zisansha
Leadership Styles in United States Marine Corps Transport Helicopter Squadrons.
This thesis examined leadership styles in United States Marine Corps transport helicopter squadrons. Analyses were conducted to determine how leadership styles related to subordinate extra effort, leader effectiveness, satisfaction with leader, unit cohes...
D. J. Salter
Equitable Tax Treatment of United States Citizens Living Abroad.
The United States is the only major industrialized country which taxes on the basis of citizenship. Consequently, income taxation is the focus of this report. The foreign countries whose laws are considered are Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the Unit...
The association of time in the United States and diet during pregnancy in low-income women of Mexican descent
Summary This study compared nutritional intake during pregnancy among women of Mexican descent according to country of birth (US vs. Mexico) and, for Mexico-born women, according to number of years lived in the United States (? 5 years, 6–10 years ?11 years). A 72-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake in 474 pregnant Mexico-born immigrants and US-born Mexican-Americans. Mexico-born women had significantly higher intakes of calories (P = 0.02), fiber (P < 0.001), vitamin A (P < 0.001), vitamin C (P = 0.03), vitamin E (P < 0.01), folate (P < 0.01), calcium (P < 0.001) and zinc (P = 0.02) from their diets than US-born women. Intakes of all nutrients except vitamin C and zinc remained significantly higher in Mexico-born women when nutrients from both diet and vitamin supplements were considered. Among Mexico-born women, increasing years' residence in the United States was associated with lower intake of calories (Ptrend < 0.01), fiber (Ptrend < 0.01), folate (Ptrend = 0.03), iron (Ptrend = 0.05) and zinc (Ptrend = 0.03), although only the trend for iron remained significant when vitamin supplement sources were included. A large percentage of women had inadequate intake of vitamin E (58%), folate (61%), iron (77%) and zinc (47%) from their diets during pregnancy and these rates were higher in US-born women than Mexico-born women.
Harley, Kim; Eskenazi, Brenda; Block, Gladys
Estimated Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 2008: United States
Flow charts depicting carbon dioxide emissions in the United