text:
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The national conference 'MATERIAUX 2010', which took place in Mahdia (Tunisia), from 4-7 November 2010 was organized by The 'Tunisian Materials Research Society: Tu-MRS' in collaboration with the Materials Physics Laboratory of Sfax 'LPM', Faculty of Sciences, Sfax University and the Research Unit ' Physique, Informatique et Mathématiques ', Faculty of Sciences, Gafsa University The First National Conference on Materials 'MATERIAUX 2006' was organized in Douz (Tunisia) in December 2006. This was followed by 'MATERIAUX 2007' held in Hammamet (Tunisia) in April 2007 and the National Conference 'MATERIAUX 2009' organized jointly with the Second 'Journées Internationales de la Physique des Matériaux et Applications: JIPMA 2009' in Gafsa (Tunisia) from 20-24 December 2009. 'MATERIAUX 2010' is intended to provide an excellent opportunity for National, Maghreb and International researchers to make their own work on materials known to a wider audience and to have discussions with other participants. This conference will also be an opportunity to exchange experiences, create and consolidate cooperation between different research structures in the Maghreb countries and also the countries around the Mediterranean. This conference will equally promote research development, contribution to collaboration between universities and the socio-economical milieu. More than 300 senior researchers, Professors, PhD and Masters students attended this conference from Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, France, Spain and Canada. Several researchers, engineers and managers from industrial firms also attended. The conference consisted of plenary talks (8), oral contributions (40) and poster presentations (250). The topics of the Conference were: Nano-materials, nano-systems, thin films, surfaces and interfaces, applications Multifunctionnal materials, magnetic materials, dielectric materials, superconducting materials, applications,... Materials for electronics, informatics and communication Ceramics, glasses, polymers Natural materials (phosphates, clay,...) Metallic materials, alloys, metallurgy,... Others (materials and environment, materials and energy, biomaterials,...) I want to thank the scientific committee, the organizing committee, the local committee and everyone who contributed to the organization of this meeting for their invaluable efforts in order to guarantee the complete success of this conference. Abdelwaheb Cheikhrouhou President of 'Tu-MRS' Chairman of the Conference 'MATERIAUX 2010' Conference photograph Committies Organizing Committee Chairman CHEIKHROUHOU Abdelwaheb (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) Members ALAYA Sahbi (Faculté des Sciences de Gabès) BENNACEUR Raouf (Faculté des Sciences de Tunis) BEN SALEM Mohamed (Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte) CHEIKHROUHOU-KOUBAA Wissem (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) EL JANI Belgacem (Faculté des Sciences de Monastir) EZZAOUIA Hatem (Centre de Recherches et de Technologies de l'Energie, Technopole de Borj Cédria) LAMLOUMI Jilani (Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de Tunis) REZIG Bahri (Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis) Local Committee Chairman CHEIKHROUHOU Abdelwaheb (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) Members CHEIKHROUHOU-KOUBAA Wissem (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) KOUBAA Mohamed (Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax) NJEH Anwar (Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs de Sfax) BEN SALAH Issam (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) TAKKALI Férid (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) REGAIEG Yassin (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) OTHMANI Safa (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) MNASSRI Rafik (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) Secretariat BEN GHOZLEN Afifa (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) BOUGHARIOU Sana (Faculté des Sciences de Sfax) Scientific Committee M. ADDOU, Faculté des Sciences de Kénitra (Morocco) N. AMDOUNI, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (Tunisia) M. BACCOUCHE, Faculté des Sciences d'Annaba (Algeria) H. BATIS, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (Tunisia) A. BELAFHAL, Faculté des Sciences d'El Jadida (Morocco) M.H. BEN GHOZLEN, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax (Tunisia)
Cheikhrouhou, Abdelwaheb
PREFACE 2nd International Conference on Materials Physics and Applications (JIPMA 2009/MATERIAUX 2009)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The 'Tunisian Materials Research Society: Tu-MRS' organized the International Days on Materials Physics and Applications 'JIPMA 2009' and the National Conference on Materials 'MATERIAUX 2009' in Gafsa (Tunisia) During the period 20-24 December 2009. The first International Days on Materials Physics and Applications 'JIPMA 2007' were organized in Annaba (Algeria) in November 2007 while the first National Conference on Materials 'MATERIAUX 2006' was organized in Douz (Tunisia) in December 2006. The 'JIPMA' conference series together with the 'MATERIAUX' intend to provide an excellent opportunity for international, Maghreb and Tunisian researchers to make their own works on materials known to a wider audience and to have discussions with other participants. This conference will also be an opportunity to exchange experiences, create and consolidate cooperation between different research structures in the Maghreb countries. This conference will equally promote research development, contribute to collaboration between universities and the socio-economical milieu. More than 300 senior researchers, Professors, PhD and Master students attended this conference from Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, France, and Spain. Several researchers, engineers and managers from industrial firms also attended this scientific meeting. The conference consists of plenary and semi-plenary talks, oral contributions and poster presentations. The topics of the conference are: Nano-materials, nano-systems, thin films, surfaces and interfaces Multifonctional Materials, Magnetic Materials, Dielectric Materials, Superconducting Materials, Applications, ... Materials for Electronics, Informatics and Communications (Semi-conducting Materials, Electronic devices, Spintronic, ... Optoelectronic Materials, Sensors Ceramics, Glasses, Polymers, ... Natural Materials: Phosphates, Clay, ... Metallic Materials, alloys, ... Materials and Environment Materials and Energy Biomaterials Elaborating Methods and Characterization Techniques I want to thank the organizing committee and everyone else who participated in the organization of this meeting for their invaluable efforts to guarantee the full success of this conference. I want also to thank very warmly all the Scientific committee and all other reviewers for their hard work reviewing the submitted papers. Professor Abdelwaheb CHEIKHROUHOU Chairman of the Conference
Cheikhrouhou, Abdelwaheb
Caracterisation des proprietes acoustiques des materiaux poreux a cellules ouvertes et a matrice rigide ou souple
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
L'objectif global vise par les travaux de cette these est d'ameliorer la caracterisation des proprietes macroscopiques des materiaux poreux a structure rigide ou souple par des approches inverses et indirectes basees sur des mesures acoustiques faites en tube d'impedance. La precision des approches inverses et indirectes utilisees aujourd'hui est principalement limitee par la qualite des mesures acoustiques obtenues en tube d'impedance. En consequence, cette these se penche sur quatre problemes qui aideront a l'atteinte de l'objectif global precite. Le premier probleme porte sur une caracterisation precise de la porosite ouverte des materiaux poreux. Cette propriete en est une de passage permettant de lier la mesure des proprietes dynamiques acoustiques d'un materiau poreux aux proprietes effectives de sa phase fluide decrite par les modeles semi-phenomenologiques. Le deuxieme probleme traite de l'hypothese de symetrie des materiaux poreux selon leur epaisseur ou un index et un critere sont proposes pour quantifier l'asymetrie d'un materiau. Cette hypothese est souvent source d'imprecision des methodes de caracterisation inverses et indirectes en tube d'impedance. Le critere d'asymetrie propose permet ainsi de s'assurer de l'applicabilite et de la precision de ces methodes pour un materiau donne. Le troisieme probleme vise a mieux comprendre le probleme de transmission sonore en tube d'impedance en presentant pour la premiere fois un developpement exact du probleme par decomposition d'ondes. Ce developpement permet d'etablir clairement les limites des nombreuses methodes existantes basees sur des tubes de transmission a 2, 3 ou 4 microphones. La meilleure comprehension de ce probleme de transmission est importante puisque c'est par ce type de mesures que des methodes permettent d'extraire successivement la matrice de transfert d'un materiau poreux et ses proprietes dynamiques intrinseques comme son impedance caracteristique et son nombre d'onde complexe. Enfin, le quatrieme probleme porte sur le developpement d'une nouvelle methode de transmission exacte a 3 microphones applicable a des materiaux ou systemes symetriques ou non. Dans le cas symetrique, on montre que cette approche permet une nette amelioration de la caracterisation des proprietes dynamiques intrinseques d'un materiau. Mots cles. materiaux poreux, tube d'impedance, transmission sonore, absorption sonore, impedance acoustique, symetrie, porosite, matrice de transfert.
Salissou, Yacoubou
Application de la combustion catalytique aux turbines à gaz
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La réduction des émissions d'oxydes d'azote sur turbines à gaz est obtenue par diminution de la température au sein de la chambre de combustion. Les techniques possibles comprennent l'injection d'eau ou de vapeur, la combustion pauvre et l'oxydation catalytique. Parmi celles-ci, la dernière est la plus prometteuse en terme de coûts et de performances, avec des émissions de NOx ramenées à un seul chiffre (typiquement inférieures à 3 ppm). L'IFP travaille depuis maintenant 10 ans sur l'adaptation de la combustion catalytique aux turbines à gaz. Les études ont été conduites au travers de projets européen tels que AGATA (Advance Gas Turbine for Automotive Application) et ULECAT (Ultra Low CATalytic combustor for dual fuel gas turbine). Le premier projet était destiné au développement de véhicules hybrides et le second à la combustion stationnaire de biogaz et de combustible Diesel. Les études en cours dans ce domaine portent sur le développement d'une unité de cogénération intégrant une microturbine à combustion catalytique. Les travaux menés à l'IFP concernent la mise au point de catalyseurs répondant aux exigences de la combustion catalytique en turbine à gaz et le développement de chambres de combustion permettant la mise en oeuvre de ces catalyseurs.
Lebas, E.; Martin, G. H.
Application of the New Decommissioning Regulation to the Nuclear Licensed Facilities (NLF) at Fontenay-aux-Roses's Nuclear Center (CEA)
This abstract describes the application of the new decommissioning regulation on all Nuclear Licensed Facilities (NLF is to say INB in French) at Fontenay-aux-Roses's Center (CEA\\/FAR). The decommissioning process has been applied in six buildings which are out of the new nuclear perimeter proposed (buildings no 7, no 40, no 94, no 39, no 52\\/1 and no 32) and three
Josiane Sauret; Laurence Piketty; Michel Jeanjacques
Etude de la transition tribologique entre le fretting et le meso-fretting pour des materiaux de contact electrique
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dans les installations electriques, les contacts sont toujours soumis a des contraintes alternees ou a des micro-deplacements. Il en resulte une corrosion par fretting, phenomene defini comme un type de deterioration de la surface qui se produit lorsque deux materiaux en contact sont soumis a des mouvements microscopiques d'oscillations de tres faible amplitude (0 a 100 mum). Ceci a pour effet de provoquer une degradation de la resistance de contact et une interruption du passage du courant. Ce phenomene a des repercussions considerables sur le plan pratique puisque les micro-deplacements de pieces en contact peuvent etre causes par la dilatation thermique differentielle des metaux, par des vibrations mecaniques, par la relaxation des contraintes ou par l'echauffement des contacts lorsqu'on interrompt et retablit le courant. Nous avons donc dans le cadre de cette these etudie plusieurs aspects du fretting (0--100 mum) et du meso-fretting (100 a 1000 mum) pour differents materiaux de contact electrique. Des travaux experimentaux ont ete realises a partir de deux montages reproduisant divers aspects de la degradation par le fretting. Un premier montage de fretting de type bille-plaque a ete entierement developpe a l'ETS et un second montage, de type fil-plaque a ete utilise en collaboration avec Hydro Quebec IREQ a Varennes. Plusieurs techniques de mesures et d'analyse relevant tant du domaine de la mecanique du contact que de la metallurgie ont ete utilisees pour traiter les resultats. L'influence du courant sur le taux d'usure et la force de friction a ete examinee pour divers materiaux de contacts. Des essais de fatigue thermique et electrique ont ete realises sur divers materiaux et lubrifiants de contact. Il a ete demontre que pour le domaine entre 100 mum et 1000 mum, le taux d'usure n'est pas le meme de 0 a 100 mum et au dela de 1000 mum. La plupart des materiaux evalues montrent un stade de comportement intermediaire dont le debut se situe entre 100 mum et 300 mum. Lorsque l'on substitut le courant CC a un courant CA de 60 Hz ou 400 HZ, la morphologie des debris aux abords de la zone de contact est differente. De plus, lors de la comparaison du vieillissement thermique par conduction versus par chauffage electrique de certains alliages sans plomb, il a ete montre qu'il pourrait y avoir une difference entre les deux en ce qui concerne le taux de croissance des phases intermetalliques.
Gagnon, Daniel
Evaluation experimentale et theorique du comportement a la flexion de nouveaux poteaux en materiaux composites
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La demande croissante en poteaux pour les differents reseaux d'electricite et de telecommunications a rendu necessaire l'utilisation de materiaux innovants, qui preservent l'environnement. La majorite des poteaux electriques existants au Canada ainsi qu'a travers le monde, sont fabriques a partir de materiaux traditionnels tel que le bois, le beton ou l'acier. Les motivations des industriels et des chercheurs a penser a d'autres solutions sont diverses, citons entre autre: La limitation en longueur des poteaux en bois ainsi que la vulnerabilite des poteaux fabriques en beton ou en acier aux agressions climatiques. Les nouveaux poteaux en materiaux composites se presentent comme de bons candidats a cet effet, cependant; leur comportement structural n'est pas connu et des etudes theoriques et experimentales approfondies sont necessaires avant leur mise en marche a grande echelle. Un programme de recherche intensif comportant plusieurs projets experimentaux, analytiques et numeriques est en cours a l'Universite de Sherbrooke afin d'evaluer le comportement a court et a long termes de ces nouveaux poteaux en Polymeres Renforces de Fibres (PRF). C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit la presente these, et notre recherche vise a evaluer le comportement a la flexion de nouveaux poteaux tubulaires coniques fabriques en materiaux composites par enroulement filamentaire et ce, a travers une etude theorique, ainsi qu'a travers une serie d'essais de flexion en "grandeur reelle" afin de comprendre le comportement structural de ces poteaux, d'optimiser la conception et de proposer une procedure de dimensionnement pour les utilisateurs. Les poteaux en Polymeres Renforces de Fibres (PRF) etudies dans cette these sont fabriques avec une resine epoxyde renforcee de fibres de verre type E. Chaque type poteaux est constitue principalement de trois zones ou les proprietes geometriques (epaisseur, diametre) et les proprietes mecaniques sont differentes d'une zone a l'autre. La difference entre ces proprietes est due au nombre de couches utilisees dans chaque zone ainsi qu'a l'orientation des fibres de chaque couche. Un total de vingt-trois prototypes de dimensions differentes; ont ete testes en flexion jusqu'a la rupture. Deux types de fibres de verre de masses lineaires differentes, ont ete utilisees afin d'evaluer l'effet du type de fibres sur le comportement a la flexion. Un nouveau montage experimental permettant de tester tous les types de poteaux en PRF a ete dimensionne et fabrique selon les recommandations decrites dans les normes ASTM D 4923-01 et ANSI C 136.20-2005. Un modele analytique base sur la theorie des poutres en elasticite lineaire est propose dans cette these. Ce modele predit avec une bonne precision le comportement experimental charge---deflexion ainsi que la deflexion maximale au sommet des poteaux en PRF; constitues de plusieurs zones de caracteristiques geometriques et mecaniques differentes. Une procedure de dimensionnement des poteaux en PRF, basee sur les resultats experimentaux obtenus dans le cadre de la presente these, est egalement proposee. Les resultats obtenus dans le cadre de la presente these permettront le developpement et l'amelioration des regles de conception utiles et pratiques a l'usage des concepteurs et des industriels du domaine des poteaux en PRF. Les retombees de cette recherche sont a la fois economiques et technologiques, car les resultats obtenus constitueront une banque de donnees qui contribueront au developpement des normes de calcul, et par consequent a l'optimisation des materiaux utilises, et serviront a valider de futurs resultats et modeles theoriques.
Metiche, Slimane
Diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles : application à l'étude des macromolécules biologiques en solution
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles (DNPA) permet de sonder les propriétés statiques de la matière sur une échelle spatiale allant de quelques dixièmes à quelques dizaines de nanomètres. Cette technique est ainsi particulièrement bien adaptée à l'étude des macromolécules en solution. Il est possible d'accéder à des grandeurs moyennes qui caractérisent la conformation qu'adoptent les macromolécules ou leurs interactions thermodynamiques. Le cours expose à des non spécialistes les différentes grandeurs mesurables et les méthodes à utiliser pour y accéder. En particulier sont abordées: 1) les mesures effectuées dans la limite du vecteur de diffusion nul qui sont liées aux fluctuations de concentration; 2) les notions de facteur de forme, de facteur de structure dots 3) les différentes façon de jouer avec le contraste. Les notions introduites sont illustrées par des exemples didactiques empruntés à la littérature et concernant des macromolécules biologiques en solution.
Lairez, D.; Pelta, J.
Fiabilite des Structures en Materiaux Composites. Applications: Reservoirs Spheriques Bobines Hautepression (Reliability of Composite Material Structures. Application: High Pressure Spherical Coded Tanks).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Theoretical and practical analysis of the reliability of critical non electronic components of a spacecraft, of which failure would lead to the termination of a mission, are reported. Application is made to high pressure spherical coiled tanks which stock...
J. Mendez
Application of the New Decommissioning Regulation to the Nuclear Licensed Facilities (NLF) at Fontenay-aux-Roses's Nuclear Center (CEA)
This abstract describes the application of the new decommissioning regulation on all Nuclear Licensed Facilities (NLF is to say INB in French) at Fontenay-aux-Roses's Center (CEA/FAR). The decommissioning process has been applied in six buildings which are out of the new nuclear perimeter proposed (buildings no 7, no 40, no 94, no 39, no 52/1 and no 32) and three buildings have been reorganized (no 54, no 91 and no 53 instead of no 40 and no 94) in order to increase the space for temporary nuclear waste disposal and to reduce the internal transports of nuclear waste on the site. The advantages are the safety and radioprotection improvements and a lower operating cost. A global safety file was written in 2002 and 2003 and was sent to the French Nuclear Authority on November 2003. The list of documents required is given in the paragraph I of this paper. The main goals were two ministerial decrees (one decree for each NLF) getting the authorization to modify the NLF perimeter and to carry out cleaning and dismantling activities leading to the whole decommissioning of all NLF. Some specific authorizations were necessary to carry out the dismantling program during the decommissioning procedure. They were delivered by the French Nuclear Safety Authority (FNSA) or with limited delegation by the General Executive Director (GED) on the CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses's Center, called internal authorization. Some partial dismantling or decontamination examples are given below: - evaporator for the radioactive liquid waste treatment station (building no 53): FNSA authorization: phase realised in 2002/2003. - disposal tanks for the radioactive liquid waste treatment station (building no 53) FNSA authorization: phase realised in 2004, - incinerator for the radioactive solid waste treatment station (building no 07): FNSA authorization: operation realised in 2004, - research equipments in the building no. 54 and building no. 91: internal authorization ; realised in 2005, - sample-taking to characterize solvent contained in one tank of Petrus installation (NLF 57, building 18) for radiological and chemical analysis needed to prepare the treatment and the evacuation of these wastes : internal authorization ; realised in june 2005. It was possible to plan the whole decommissioning process on the Nuclear Licensed Facilities of Fontenay-aux-Roses's Center (CEA/FAR) taking into account the French new regulation and to plan a coherent and continue program activity for the dismantling process. For the program not to be interrupted during the administrative process (2003-2006), specific authorisations have been delivered by the French Nuclear Safety Authority or by the General Executive Director (GED) on the CEA Fontenay-aux- Roses's Center (internal authorization). The time schedule to complete the entire program is until 2017 for NLF 'Procede' (NLF no 165) and until 2018 for NLF 'Support' (NLF no 166). Since 1999, an annual press meeting has been organised by the Fontenay-aux-Roses's Center Head Executive Manager.
Sauret, Josiane [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Direction du Centre de Fontenay-aux-Roses, Cellule de Surete nucleaire, de controle des Matieres, de controle des Transports et de la Qualite, 18 route du Panorama BP 6 - 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex (France); Piketty, Laurence; Jeanjacques, Michel [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Direction de l'Energie Nucleaire, Direction deleguee des Activites Nucleaires de Saclay, Departement des Reacteurs et des Services Nucleaires, service d'Assainissement de Fontenay-aux-Roses, 18 route du Panorama BP 6 - 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex (France)
Élaboration de couches minces de carbone par ablation laser femtoseconde pour application aux biomatériaux implantables
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Des films de tetrahedral amorphous-Carbon (ta-C) ont été déposés, sous vide poussé, par ablation d'une cible de graphite avec un laser Ti : saphir (durée d'impulsion 170 fs, fréquence de répétition 1 kHz, énergie maximale par impulsion 1,5 mJ, longueur d'onde 800 nm) sur substrats standard et sur biomatériaux (acier AISI 316L, polyéthylène à très haut poids moléculaire). Les propriétés de ces couches (structure, propriétés nanomécaniques et tribologiques) ont été caractérisées, en fonction des conditions d'élaboration, en examinant l'intérêt de l'utilisation d'un laser femtoseconde et leur capacité à satisfaire aux exigences spécifiques du domaine biomédical. Les propriétés d'adhérence des films ont été considérablement améliorées lors du dépôt sur des substrats en acier inoxydable préalablement préparés par décapage ionique in situ sous atmosphère d'argon. La surface hémisphérique d'une tête fémorale, en acier inoxydable, de prothèse de hanche de diamètre 22,2 mm a été revêtue d'un film de DLC adhérent et homogène en épaisseur. La résistance à l'usure de ce revêtement sera quantifiée à l'aide d'un simulateur de marche durant un million de cycles (correspondant à une année d'activité physique d'un être humain).
Loir, A.-S.; Garrelie, F.; Donnet, C.; Subtil, J.-L.; Belin, M.; Forest, B.; Rogemond, F.; Laporte, P.
Etudes optiques de nouveaux materiaux laser: Des orthosilicates dopes a l'ytterbium: Le yttrium (lutetium,scandium) pentoxide de silicium
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La decouverte et l'elaboration de nouveaux materiaux laser solides suscitent beaucoup d'interet parmi la communaute scientifique. En particulier les lasers dans la gamme de frequence du micron debouchent sur beaucoup d'applications, en telecommunication, en medecine, dans le domaine militaire, pour la, decoupe des metaux (lasers de puissance), en optique non lineaire (doublage de frequence, bistabilite optique). Le plus couramment utilise actuellement est le Nd:YAG dans cette famille de laser, mais des remplacants plus performants sont toujours recherches. Les lasers a base d'Yb3+ possedent beaucoup d'avantages compares aux lasers Nd3+ du fait de leur structure electronique simple et de leur deterioration moins rapide. Parmi les matrices cristallines pouvant accueillir l'ytterbium, les orthosilicates Yb:Y 2SiO5, Yb:Lu2SiO5 et Yb:Sc2SiO 5 se positionnent tres bien, du fait de leur bonne conductivite thermique et du fort eclatement de leur champ cristallin necessaire a l'elaboration de lasers quasi-3 niveaux. De plus l'etude fine et systematique des proprietes microscopiques de nouveaux materiaux s'avere toujours tres interessante du point de vue de la recherche fondamentale, c'est ainsi que de nouveaux modeles sont concus (par exemple pour le champ cristallin) ou que de nouvelles proprietes inhabituelles sont decouvertes, menant a de nouvelles applications. Ainsi d'autres materiaux dopes a l'ytterbium sont connus pour leurs proprietes de couplage electron-phonon, de couplage magnetique, d'emission cooperative ou encore de bistabilite optique, mais ces proprietes n'ont encore jamais ete mises en evidence dans Yb:Y 2SiO5, Yb:Lu2SiO5 et Yb:Sc2SiO 5. Ainsi, cette these a pour but l'etude des proprietes optiques et des interactions microscopiques dans Yb:Y2SiO 5, Yb:Lu2SiO5 et Yb:Sc2SiO5. Nous utilisons principalement les techniques d'absorption IR et de spectroscopie Raman pour determiner les excitations du champ cristallin et les modes de vibration dans le materiau. Des mesures optiques sous champ magnetique ont egalement ete effectuees dans le but de caracteriser le comportement de ces excitations lorsqu'elles sont soumises a l'effet Zeeman. La resonance paramagnetique electronique a permis de completer cette etude de l'eclatement Zeeman suivant toutes les orientations du cristal. Enfin la fluorescence par excitation selective et la fluorescence induite par Raman FT, completent la description des niveaux d'energie et revelent l'existence d'emission cooperative de deux ions Yb3+ et de transferts d'energie. Les resultats de cette these apportent une contribution originale dans le domaine des nouveaux materiaux lasers par l'etude et la comprehension des interactions fines et des proprietes microscopiques d'un materiau en particulier. Ils debouchent a la fois sur des applications possibles dans le domaine de l'optique et des lasers, et sur la comprehension d'aspects fondamentaux. Cette these a prouve l'interet de ces matrices pour leur utilisation comme lasers solides: un fort eclatement du champ cristallin favorable a l'elaboration de laser quasi-3 niveaux, et de larges bandes d'absorption (dues a un fort couplage electron-phonon et a des raies satellites causees par une interaction d'echange entre deux ions Yb3+) qui permettent la generation d'impulsions laser ultra-courtes, l'accordabilite du laser, etc. De plus la miniaturisation des lasers est possible pour l'optique integree grace a des couches minces synthetisees par epitaxie en phase liquide dont nous avons demontre la tres bonne qualite structurale et l'ajustement possible de certains parametres. Nous avons reconstruit le tenseur g du niveau fondamental (qui donne des informations precieuses sur les fonctions d'onde), ceci dans le but d'aider les theoriciens a concevoir un modele de champ cristallin valide. Plusieurs mecanismes de transferts d'energie ont ete mis en evidence: un mecanisme de relaxation d'un site vers l'autre, un mecanisme d'emission cooperative, et un mecanisme d'excitation de l'Yb3+ par le Tm3+ (impurete presente dans le materiau). Ces transferts sont
Denoyer, Aurelie
De l'Utilisation des Caracteristiques Dynamiques des Materiaux pour l'Optimisation des Charges Militaires. Application aux Anti-Navires (Utilization of Dynamic Characteristics of Materials to Optimize Military Explosive Charges. Application to Antiship Devices).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The study of the military explosive heads of sea-skimming devices of the Exocet (300 m/sec) family or its successors (800 m/sec) is presented. The head must protect the explosive charge through impact to a calibrated delay. Choice of materials, dynamic be...
A. Grave
Etudes optiques de nouveaux materiaux laser: Des orthosilicates dopes a l'ytterbium: Le yttrium (lutetium,scandium) pentoxide de silicium
La decouverte et l'elaboration de nouveaux materiaux laser solides suscitent beaucoup d'interet parmi la communaute scientifique. En particulier les lasers dans la gamme de frequence du micron debouchent sur beaucoup d'applications, en telecommunication, en medecine, dans le domaine militaire, pour la, decoupe des metaux (lasers de puissance), en optique non lineaire (doublage de frequence, bistabilite optique). Le plus couramment utilise
Aurelie Denoyer
Transport Electronique Dans Les Super Reseaux : Applications Aux Détecteurs Infrarouges à Grandes Longueur D'onde
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The low flux infrared imaging needs performant high wavelength detectors. Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP), thanks to the maturity of GaAs, the possibility to adjust the detected wavelength on a large range and to realize large uniform matrix are good candidate for such applications. In order to validate this interest, we have performed an electro-optic characterization of a 15{?}m sample. These measurements have been used to simulate the performance of a camera based on this QWIP and used in a low infrared photons flux scenario. We predict that this QWIP would succeed. Nevertheless these simulations also underline the detrimental role of the dark current. Thus we have developed a simulation tool based on a hoping approach between localized states, which provide us a better understanding of the transport in these heterostructures. The code has in particular underlines the role plays by the electron -ionized impurities interaction, which make the dark current very sensitive to the doping profile. Using this tool we have designed new structures, with optimized doping profile, in which the scattering rate has been decreased by a factor two. Moreover we have identified a quantum origin to the plateau shape of the I(V) curve. This code is more generally a useful simulation tool for the transport in hétérostructures. The influence of growth defects (non ideal interface and disorder) has been quantized and we have performed the first evaluation of The R0A in a THz QCD. Finally non local transport effects have been investigated. Saw teeth observation on the I(V) curves have been modeled and their influence on the detectivty estimated.
Lhuillier, Emmanuel
Application des méthodes de codage optimal aux valeurs Delta : une stratégie pertinente pour l'exploration du processus thérapeutique
In multidimensional research with small samples, the application of optimal scaling techniques to Delta values (posttest–pretest differences) allows extracting latent dimensions that are theoretically sound and lead to a better understanding of the manifest changes. The posttest–pretest differences are measured with the help of several tools (psychometric scales, projective and expressive tests, observational frames, external validation criteria) that are complementary
L. Schiltz; L. Boyer; M. Konz; J. Schiltz
Chromosaponin I Specifically Interacts with AUX1 Protein in Regulating the Gravitropic Response of Arabidopsis Roots
We have found that chromosaponin I (CSI), a g-pyronyl-triterpenoid saponin isolated from pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Alaska), specifically interacts with AUX1 protein in regulating the gravitropic response of Arabidopsis roots. Application of 60 mm CSI disrupts the vertically oriented elongation of wild-type roots grown on agar plates but orients the elongation of agravitropic mutant aux1-7 roots toward the gravity.
Abidur Rahman; Arifa Ahamed; Taisaku Amakawa; Nobuharu Goto; Seiji Tsurumi
Problemes aux limites en theorie des distributions
Résumé Etude de la méthode des potentiels pour résoudre des problèmes aux limites relatifs à certains opérateurs différentiels. Résolution\\u000a et discussion des problèmes aux limites pour un système diffèrentiel elliptique lorsque les données sont des distributions\\u000a (le problème étant elliptique à droite ou à gauche).
Paul Krée
Mecanique et mecanisme de la dechirure des materiaux textiles
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cette thèse vise à apporter une contribution à l'étude et à la modélisation de la déchirure des textiles et des textiles enduits. Notons que la résistance à la déchirure est l'une des caractéristiques mesurées pour les équipements de protection contre les agresseurs mécaniques en milieu de travail. Jusqu'à présent, ce comportement en déchirure a été étudié en mesurant la force de déchirure et le travail de déchirure. De fait, aucun critère de rupture en déchirure n'existe actuellement. Par conséquent, en s'inspirant de la théorie du Griffith et de la mécanique de la rupture, une formulation d'un nouveau critère de rupture des structures textiles a été proposée. Cette approche offre la possibilité de déterminer d'une manière plus précise l'énergie nécessaire pour la création d'une nouvelle surface de rupture. Ce critère nous permet d'analyser l'effet des caractéristiques des tissus sur la variation de l'énergie de rupture. Cette étude montre que la résistance au glissement des fils dans la structure est le principal facteur qui contrôle la propagation de la fissure. En se basant sur la théorie de la mécanique de la rupture, un modèle de calcul de l'énergie de rupture par déchirure a été aussi élaboré. Ce modèle de déchirure relie l'énergie aux paramètres caractérisant les phénomènes affectant la déchirure des tissus, notamment la force de glissement et la force à la rupture des fils. Cette modélisation a tenu compte de certaines caractéristiques des tissus tels que l'épaisseur du matériau, la densité des fils, etc. Par l'étude de la variation de l'énergie de rupture par déchirure en fonction du rapport établi entre la force à la rupture et la force de glissement d'un fil (
Triki, Ennouri
Multiple regions of a divergent promoter control the expression of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes aux1 and aux2 plant oncogenes
The two auxin biosynthesis genes, aux1 and aux2 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4, are located on opposite DNA strands with a short integenic region (394 bp) between their coding sequences. A functional analysis of this divergent promoter is presented. The transcription initiation sites of the two aux genes were determined and regions important for promoter activity were identified by deletion
Valérie Gaudin; Christine Camilleri; Lise Jouanin
AUX1 Promotes Lateral Root Formation by Facilitating Indole-3-Acetic Acid Distribution between Sink and Source Tissues in the Arabidopsis Seedling
Arabidopsis root architecture is regulated by shoot-derived signals such as nitrate and auxin. We report that mutations in the putative auxin influx carrier AUX1 modify root architecture as a result of the disruption in hormone transport between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) source and sink tissues. Gas chromatography–selected reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the aux1 mutant exhibited altered IAA distribution in young leaf and root tissues, the major IAA source and sink organs, respectively, in the developing seedling. Expression studies using the auxin-inducible reporter IAA2::uidA revealed that AUX1 facilitates IAA loading into the leaf vascular transport system. AUX1 also facilitates IAA unloading in the primary root apex and developing lateral root primordium. Exogenous application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid is able to rescue the aux1 lateral root phenotype, implying that root auxin levels are suboptimal for lateral root primordium initiation in the mutant.
Marchant, Alan; Bhalerao, Rishikesh; Casimiro, Ilda; Eklof, Jan; Casero, Pedro J.; Bennett, Malcolm; Sandberg, Goran
L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)L'Anse aux Meadows is a site on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland, located in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where the remains of a Viking village were discovered in 1960 by the Norwegians Helge and Anne Ingstad. The only authenticated Viking settlement in North America outside Greenland, it was the site of a multi-year archaeological dig that found dwellings, tools and implements that verified its time frame. The settlement, dating more than five hundred years before Christopher Columbus, contains the earliest European structures in North America. Named a World Heritage site by UNESCO, it is thought by many to be the semi-legendary 'Vinland' settlement of explorer Leif Ericson around AD 1000. The settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows consisted of at least eight buildings, including a forge and smelter, and a lumber yard that supported a shipyard. The largest house measured 28.8 by 15.6 m and consisted of several rooms. Sewing and knitting tools found at the site indicate women were present at L'Anse aux Meadows The image was acquired on September 14, 2007, covers an area of 14.2 x 14.6 km, and is located at 51.5 degrees north latitude, 55.6 degrees west longitude. The U.S. science team is located at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The Terra mission is part of NASA's Science Mission Directorate.
Maladies reli?es aux loisirs aquatiques
Résumé Objectif Passer en revue les facteurs de risque, la prise en charge et la prévention des maladies reliées aux loisirs aquatiques en pratique familiale. Sources des données Des articles originaux et de synthèse entre janvier 1998 et février 2012 ont été identifiés à l'aide de PubMed et des expressions de recherche en anglais water-related illness, recreational water illness et swimmer illness. Message principal Il y a un risque de 3 % à 8 % de maladies gastrointestinales (MGI) après la baignade. Les groupes à risque élevé de MGI sont les enfants de moins de 5 ans, surtout s'ils n'ont pas été vaccinés contre le rotavirus, les personnes âgées et les patients immunodéficients. Les enfants sont à plus grand risque parce qu'ils avalent plus d'eau quand ils nagent, restent dans l'eau plus longtemps et jouent dans l'eau peu profonde et le sable qui sont plus contaminés. Les adeptes des sports dans lesquels le contact avec l'eau est abondant comme le triathlon et le surf cerf-volant sont aussi à risque élevé et même ceux qui s'adonnent à des activités impliquant un contact partiel avec l'eau comme la navigation de plaisance et la pêche ont un risque de 40 % à 50 % fois plus grand de MGI par rapport à ceux qui ne pratiquent pas de sports aquatiques. Il y a lieu de faire une culture des selles quand on soupçonne une maladie reliée aux loisirs aquatiques et l'échelle clinique de la déshydratation est utile pour l'évaluation des besoins de traitement chez les enfants affectés. Conclusion Les maladies reliées aux loisirs aquatiques est la principale cause de MGI durant la saison des baignades. La reconnaissance que la baignade est une source importante de maladies peut aider à prévenir les cas récurrents et secondaires. On recommande fortement le vaccin contre le rotavirus chez les enfants qui se baignent souvent.
Sanborn, Margaret; Takaro, Tim
Soins Aux Brules Apres Un Accident Nucleaire
Summary Les lésions radiques sont dues le plus souvent à des radio-isotopes utilisés dans l'industrie. L'explosion d'un réacteur nucléaire, les armes nucléaires ou une attaque terroriste constituent un risque d'afflux massif de victimes brûlées. Les radiations ionisantes occasionnent des brûlures thermiques, des syndromes d'irradiation aiguë avec pancytopénie et des signes cutanés retardés. Après une période de latence, des symptômes cutanés apparaissent et leur profondeur est proportionnelle à la dose reçue. Les protocoles habituels de réanimation des brûlés s'appliquent ici. Les soins aux irradiés nécessitent aussi une mesure de l'irradiation et une décontamination par des personnels entraînés. En cas de catastrophe nucléaire, la priorité est d'optimiser les structures existantes et de préserver les moyens pour les patients ayant la plus forte probabilité de survie. Après un accident nucléaire isolé, les difficultés dans les centres de brûlés sont l'évaluation de la profondeur et les techniques chirurgicales de couverture cutanée. La préparation des moyens médicaux et des centres de brûlés est nécessaire pour faire face à la prise en charge de ces brûlures différentes et complexes.
Bargues, L.; Donat, N.; Jault, P.; Leclerc, T.
Comportement de frittés et de films d'oxyde de titane en présence d'atmosphères gazeuses, hors équilibre thermodynamique, en régime stationnaire; application aux capteurs résistifs d'oxygène
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Oxygen resistive titanium dioxide sensors are useful to control combustion but their studies raise fundamental problems. The non-stoichiometry of titanium dioxide is studied in the 870-1 100 K temperature range by using, out of equilibrium, gas mixture flow of CO, CO2, O2 and Ar. The electrical resistance of sintered samples (dense or porous) or films is measured in steady-state conditions as a function of th gaz flow rate. The deviation to equilibrium increases with the flow rate. The sample resistance is a function of the flow rate, oxygen partial pressure, temperature and microstructure of the specimen. The sensitivity to oxygen is increased by fast oxygen diffusion through the bulk creating a potential barrier at the surface of the grains. Under oxidizing conditions at 870 K, a bulk mechanism determines the resistance variation which is proportional to P_{O_2}^{1/4}/P_{CO}^{1/2}. If reducing conditions are applied, in the same conditions of temperature, the oxide develops a bulk non-stoichiometry which is controlled by the redox couple CO/CO2 assuming thermodynamical equilibrium. However the large number of conducting electrons favors an oxygen chemisorption, creating potential barriers at the surface of the grains. Accordingly the film resistance is a P_{O_2}^{1/2} function. The surface potential and coverage rate are calculated through several theoretical models ; their comparison allows to conclude in a relatively slow diffusion of oxygen vacancies at 870 K. At 1 100 K, the gaz mixture is rather close to thermodynamical equilibrium : in oxidizing medium the sample is equilibrated with oxygen, under CO/CO2 reducing conditions film sensors are only sensitive to oxygen traces. La non-stœchiométrie de l'oxyde de titane est étudiée, dans le domaine de température 870-1 100 K, en présence d'atmosphères hors équilibre thermodynamique, composées de CO, CO2, O2, Ar. La résistance électrique de différentes structures massives, poreuses ou en couches est mesurée, en régime stationnaire, en fonction du débit des gaz ; ces atmosphères sont d'autant plus éloignées de l'équilibre que le débit est élevé. On montre que les variations de résistance des échantillons, en fonction du débit, dépendent du domaine de pression partielle d'oxygène, de la température et de la structure des échantillons. La sensibilité à l'oxygène est accrue par un morphologie qui, à l'échelle macroscopique, favorise la diffusion de l'oxygène et qui, à l'échelle microscopique, permet la création de barrière de potentiel aux joints de grains. En milieu oxydant, à 870 K, un mécanisme de volume qui met en jeu la cinétique des échanges avec la phase gazeuse, détermine une variation de résistance en P_{O_2}^{1/4}/P_{CO}^{1/2}. En milieu réducteur, à la même température, la non-stœchiométrie en volume de l'oxyde est fixée par le couple redox CO/CO2 comme si l'atmosphère était en équilibre thermodynamique. Mais l'abondance des électrons de conduction, favorise la chimisorption de l'oxygène qui contrôle la résistance des couches selon une loi en P_{O_2}^{1/2} en créant des barrières de potentiel à la surface des grains. Des modèles, permettant le calcul du potentiel de surface ainsi que du taux de recouvrement, sont développés ; la comparaison des modèles indique une diffusion relativement lente des lacunes d'oxygène à 870 K. A 1 100 K, l'atmosphère tend à être à l'équilibre thermodynamique : i) en atmosphère oxydante, tous les capteurs sont en équilibre avec la pression partielle d'oxygène ; ii) en atmosphère réductrice, dominée par le couple redox CO/CO2, seules les couches sont sensibles à la présence de traces d'oxygène.
Jerisian, R.; Gautron, J.; Loup, J. P.
L'influence du degré d'aversion à l'inégalité du décideur sur sa perception des inégalités intragroupes et intergroupes : une application de l'alpha décomposition aux salaires de la France entre 1995 et 2005
Nous proposons dans cette recherche de mettre en avant le rôle capital joué par les préférences du décideur sur sa perception des inégalités intragroupes et intergroupes. Une application réalisée à partir des salaires observés en France entre 1995 et 2005 révèle notamment de grands écarts de valeurs entre les différents indicateurs choisis pour évaluer l'évolution des disparités salariales sur la
Pauline MORNET; Françoise SEYTE; Michel TERRAZA
Changes in auxin response from mutations in an AUX/IAA gene.
Transcription of the AUX/IAA family of genes is rapidly induced by the plant hormone auxin, but evidence that AUX/IAA genes mediate further responses to auxin has been elusive. Changes in diverse auxin responses result from mutations in the Arabidopsis AXR3 gene. AXR3 was shown to be a member of the AUX/IAA family, providing direct evidence that AUX/IAA genes are central in auxin signaling. Molecular characterization of axr3 gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations established the functional importance of domains conserved among AUX/IAA proteins. PMID:9478901
Rouse, D; Mackay, P; Stirnberg, P; Estelle, M; Leyser, O
Photonic Metamaterials for Defence and Security Applications (Les meta- materiaux photoniques pour les applications de defense et de securite).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Metamaterials are a new class of manmade ordered composites that exhibit exceptional properties not readily observed in naturally-formed materials. Most research in metamaterials has dealt with their exceptional electromagnetic properties, and thus have l...
Sequence stratigraphy of the Aux Vases Sandstone: A major oil producer in the Illinois basin
The Aux Vases Sandstone (Mississippian) has contributed between 10 and 25% of all the oil produced in Illinois. The Aux Vases is not only an important oil reservoir but is also an important source of groundwater, quarrying stone, and fluorspar. Using sequence stratigraphy, a more accurate stratigraphic interpretation of this economically important formation can be discerned and thereby enable more effective exploration for the resources contained therein. Previous studies have assumed that the underlying Spar Mountain, Karnak, and Joppa formations interfingered with the Aux Vases, as did the overlying Renault Limestone. This study demonstrates that these formations instead are separated by sequence boundaries; therefore, they are not genetically related to each other. A result of this sequence stratigraphic approach is the identification of incised valleys, paleotopography, and potential new hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Spar Mountain and Aux Vases. In eastern Illinois, the Aux Vases is bounded by sequence boundaries with 20 ft (6 m) of relief. The Aux Vases oil reservoir facies was deposited as a tidally influenced siliciclastic wedge that prograded over underlying carbonate-rich sediments. The Aux Vases sedimentary succession consists of offshore sediment overlain by intertidal and supratidal sediments. Low-permeability shales and carbonates typically surround the Aux Vases reservoir sandstone and thereby form numerous bypassed compartments from which additional oil can be recovered. The potential for new significant oil fields within the Aux Vases is great, as is the potential for undrained reservoir compartments within existing Aux Vases fields.
Leetaru, H. E.
Effet de la composition des materiaux composites sur la caracterisation et detection par ondes de Lamb
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Les matériaux composites sont de plus en plus utilisés en aéronautique. Leurs excellentes propriétés mécaniques et leur faible poids leur procurent un avantage certain par rapport aux matériaux métalliques. Ceux-ci étant soumis à diverses conditions de chargement et environnementales, ils sont suceptibles de subir plusieurs types d'endommagements, compromettant leur intégrité. Des méthodes fiables d'inspection sont donc nécessaires pour évaluer leur intégrité. Néanmoins, peu d'approches non destructives, embarquées et efficaces sont présentement utilisées. Ce travail de recherche se penche sur l'étude de l'effet de la composition des matériaux composites sur la détection et la caractérisation par ondes guidées. L'objectif du projet est de développer une approche de caractérisation mécanique embarquée permettant d'améliorer la performance d'une approche d'imagerie par antenne piézoélectriques sur des structures composite et métalliques. La contribution de ce projet est de proposer une approche embarquée de caractérisation mécanique par ultrasons qui ne requiert pas une mesure sur une multitude d'échantillons et qui est non destructive. Ce mémoire par articles est divisé en quatre parties, dont les parties deux A quatre présentant les articles publiés et soumis. La première partie présente l'état des connaissances dans la matière nécessaires à l'acomplissement de ce projet de maîtrise. Les principaux sujets traités portent sur les matériaux composites, propagation d'ondes, la modélisation des ondes guidées, la caractérisation par ondes guidées et la surveillance embarquée des structures. La deuxième partie présente une étude de l'effet des propriétés mécaniques sur la performance de l'algorithme d'imagerie Excitelet. L'étude est faite sur une structure isotrope. Les résultats ont démontré que l'algorithme est sensible à l'exactitude des propriétés mécaniques utilisées dans le modèle. Cette sensibilité a également été explorée afin de développer une méthode embarquée permettant d'évaluer les propriétés mécaniques d'une structure. La troisième partie porte sur une étude plus rigoureuse des performances de la méthode de caractérisation mécanique embarquée. La précision, la répétabilité et la robustesse de la méthode sont validés à l'aide d'un simulateur par FEM. Les propriétés estimées avec l'approche de caractérisation sont à moins de 1% des propriétés utilisées dans le modèle, ce qui rivalise avec l'incertitude des méthodes ASTM. L'analyse expérimentale s'est avérée précise et répétable pour des fréquences sous les 200 kHz, permettant d'estimer les propriétés mécaniques à moins de 1% des propriétés du fournisseur. La quatrième partie a démontrée la capacité de l'approche de caractérisation à identifier les propriétés mécaniques d'une plaques composite orthotrope. Les résultats estimés expérimentalement sont inclus dans les barres d'incertitude des propriétés estimées à l'aide des tests ASTM. Finalement, une simulation FEM a démontré la précision de l'approche avec des propriétés mécaniques à moins de 4 % des propriétés du modèle simulé.
Ostiguy, Pierre-Claude
Article 45 de la loi n° 2005-102 du 11 février 2005 pour l'égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées. Propositions pour l'application aux transports collectifs du Département de la Nièvre
La loi n° 2005-102 du 11 février 2005 vise à donner une nouvelle impulsion à la lutte contre les discriminations vis à vis des personnes handicapées ou à mobilité réduite. Pour cela, le législateur impose la mise en accessibilité de toute la chaîne de déplacement à l'horizon 2015. Cette loi s'adresse en priorité aux Autorités Organisatrices des Transports chargée de
Xavier Badia
Industrie manufacturière : de l'investissement aux capacités de production
[fre] Industrie manufacturière : de l'investissement aux capacités de production . Dès le début de l'année 1 994, l'activité industrielle a bénéficié d'une reprise très vigoureuse. En revanche, la reprise de l'investissement semble tarder à se développer. Dans ce contexte, les capacités de production industrielles seront-elles suffisantes pour consolider la croissance et autoriser son accélération ? . Les flux d'investissement
Séverine Mayo; Marie Reynaud
Application de la combustion catalytique aux turbines à gaz
La réduction des émissions d'oxydes d'azote sur turbines à gaz est obtenue par diminution de la température au sein de la chambre de combustion. Les techniques possibles comprennent l'injection d'eau ou de vapeur, la combustion pauvre et l'oxydation catalytique. Parmi celles-ci, la dernière est la plus prometteuse en terme de coûts et de performances, avec des émissions de NOx ramenées
E. Lebas; G. H. Martin
Évaluation de la performance péréquatrice des concours financiers de l'État aux communes
[fre] Évaluation de la performance péréquatrice des concours financiers de l'État aux communes . . Les 36 600 communes françaises sont loin de pouvoir offrir aux résidents ou aux entreprises qu'elles accueillent le même niveau de services collectifs de proximité pour un effort fiscal donné. Leurs «pouvoirs d'achat en termes de consommations collectives» varient dans des proportions considérables. D'une part,
Guy Gilbert; Alain Guengant
Auxin regulates SCFTIR1-dependent degradation of AUX\\/IAA proteins
The plant hormone auxin is central in many aspects of plant development. Previous studies have implicated the ubiquitin-ligase SCFTIR1 and the AUX\\/IAA proteins in auxin response. Dominant mutations in several AUX\\/IAA genes confer pleiotropic auxin-related phenotypes, whereas recessive mutations affecting the function of SCFTIR1 decrease auxin response. Here we show that SCFTIR1 is required for AUX\\/IAA degradation. We demonstrate that
William M. Gray; Stefan Kepinski; Dean Rouse; Ottoline Leyser; Mark Estelle
Le problème de la fusion de coopératives agricoles aux Etats-Unis
[fre] Le gouvernement américain poursuit une politique favorable à la création et à la croissance des coopératives agricoles. . Avant d'opérer une fusion, les coopératives doivent d'abord résoudre les problèmes relatifs aux personnes et aux finances ; les plus grandes peuvent rencontrer des difficultés juridiques dues aux lois anti-trusts. L'efficacité est la condition essentielle du succès de l'intégration. . Il
Hugh L. Cook
Localized Iron Supply Triggers Lateral Root Elongation in Arabidopsis by Altering the AUX1-Mediated Auxin Distribution[C][W][OA
Root system architecture depends on nutrient availability, which shapes primary and lateral root development in a nutrient-specific manner. To better understand how nutrient signals are integrated into root developmental programs, we investigated the morphological response of Arabidopsis thaliana roots to iron (Fe). Relative to a homogeneous supply, localized Fe supply in horizontally separated agar plates doubled lateral root length without having a differential effect on lateral root number. In the Fe uptake-defective mutant iron-regulated transporter1 (irt1), lateral root development was severely repressed, but a requirement for IRT1 could be circumvented by Fe application to shoots, indicating that symplastic Fe triggered the local elongation of lateral roots. The Fe-stimulated emergence of lateral root primordia and root cell elongation depended on the rootward auxin stream and was accompanied by a higher activity of the auxin reporter DR5-?-glucuronidase in lateral root apices. A crucial role of the auxin transporter AUXIN RESISTANT1 (AUX1) in Fe-triggered lateral root elongation was indicated by Fe-responsive AUX1 promoter activities in lateral root apices and by the failure of the aux1-T mutant to elongate lateral roots into Fe-enriched agar patches. We conclude that a local symplastic Fe gradient in lateral roots upregulates AUX1 to accumulate auxin in lateral root apices as a prerequisite for lateral root elongation.
Giehl, Ricardo F.H.; Lima, Joni E.; von Wiren, Nicolaus
Expression and regulation of the early auxin-responsive Aux/IAA genes during strawberry fruit development.
The plant hormone auxin transcriptionally activates Aux/IAA genes. Auxin plays an important role in regulating fruit growth and ripening of strawberry and Aux/IAA genes have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis, rice and tomato, but little information is available on strawberry fruit. In the present work, two full-length of early auxin-responsive Aux/IAA genes, termed FaAux/IAA1 and FaAux/IAA2 respectively, were isolated and characterized from strawberry fruit. Moreover, the expression profiles of two FaAux/IAA genes during fruit development, and the effect of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on their expressions of fruits at two different developmental stages were also investigated. The results showed that the levels of FaAux/IAA1 and FaAux/IAA2 transcripts were very high at early stage of fruit development, and decreased sharply at ripening stage (after white stage). In addition, NAA applied at the stage of large green and white fruit obviously increased the accumulations of FaAux/IAA1 and FaAux/IAA2 transcripts. These data suggested that the expressions of both FaAux/IAA1 and FaAux/IAA2 genes were likely to be involved in early fruit development, and the enhancement of FaAux/IAAs transcripts might be attributed at least or partially to auxin-induced fruit growth and delayed fruit ripening of strawberry. PMID:20563652
Liu, Du-juan; Chen, Jian-ye; Lu, Wang-jin
Structure-Function Analysis of the Presumptive Arabidopsis Auxin Permease AUX1W?
We have investigated the subcellular localization, the domain topology, and the amino acid residues that are critical for the function of the presumptive Arabidopsis thaliana auxin influx carrier AUX1. Biochemical fractionation experiments and confocal studies using an N-terminal yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion observed that AUX1 colocalized with plasma membrane (PM) markers. Because of its PM localization, we were able to take advantage of the steep pH gradient that exists across the plant cell PM to investigate AUX1 topology using YFP as a pH-sensitive probe. The YFP-coding sequence was inserted in selected AUX1 hydrophilic loops to orient surface domains on either apoplastic or cytoplasmic faces of the PM based on the absence or presence of YFP fluorescence, respectively. We were able to demonstrate in conjunction with helix prediction programs that AUX1 represents a polytopic membrane protein composed of 11 transmembrane spanning domains. In parallel, a large aux1 allelic series containing null, partial-loss-of-function, and conditional mutations was characterized to identify the functionally important domains and amino acid residues within the AUX1 polypeptide. Whereas almost all partial-loss-of-function and null alleles cluster in the core permease region, the sole conditional allele aux1-7 modifies the function of the external C-terminal domain.
Swarup, Ranjan; Kargul, Joanna; Marchant, Alan; Zadik, Daniel; Rahman, Abidur; Mills, Rebecca; Yemm, Anthony; May, Sean; Williams, Lorraine; Millner, Paul; Tsurumi, Seiji; Moore, Ian; Napier, Richard; Kerr, Ian D.; Bennett, Malcolm J.
Auxin regulates SCF(TIR1)-dependent degradation of AUX/IAA proteins.
The plant hormone auxin is central in many aspects of plant development. Previous studies have implicated the ubiquitin-ligase SCF(TIR1) and the AUX/IAA proteins in auxin response. Dominant mutations in several AUX/IAA genes confer pleiotropic auxin-related phenotypes, whereas recessive mutations affecting the function of SCF(TIR1) decrease auxin response. Here we show that SCF(TIR1) is required for AUX/IAA degradation. We demonstrate that SCF(TIR1) interacts with AXR2/IAA7 and AXR3/IAA17, and that domain II of these proteins is necessary and sufficient for this interaction. Further, auxin stimulates binding of SCF(TIR1) to the AUX/IAA proteins, and their degradation. Because domain II is conserved in nearly all AUX/IAA proteins in Arabidopsis, we propose that auxin promotes the degradation of this large family of transcriptional regulators, leading to diverse downstream effects. PMID:11713520
Gray, W M; Kepinski, S; Rouse, D; Leyser, O; Estelle, M
The aux1 Mutation of Arabidopsis Confers Both Auxin and Ethylene Resistance 12
Mutagenized populations of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were screened for plants capable of root growth on inhibitory concentrations of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Four of the mutant lines recovered from this screen display a defect in root gravitropism as well as hormone resistance. The aerial portions of these plants are similar to wild-type in appearance. Genetic analysis of these four mutants demonstrated that hormone resistance segregated as a recessive trait and that all four mutations were alleles of the auxin-resistant mutation aux1 [Maher HP, Martindale SJB (1980) Biochem Genet 18: 1041-1053]. These new mutants have been designated aux1-7, 1-12, 1-15, and 1-19. The sensitivity of wild-type and aux1-7 roots to indole-3-acetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and ethylene was determined. The results of these assays show that aux1-7 plants require a 12-fold (indole-3-acetic acid) or 18-fold (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) higher concentration of auxin than wild-type for a 50% inhibition of root growth. In addition, ethylene inhibition of root growth in aux1-7 plants is approximately 30% that of wild-type at saturating ethylene concentrations. These results indicate that aux1 plants are resistant to both auxin and ethylene. We have also determined the effect of ethylene treatment on chlorophyll loss and peroxidase activity in the leaves of aux1 and wild-type plants. No difference between mutant and wild-type plants was observed in these experiments, indicating that hormone resistance in aux1 plants may be limited to root growth. Our studies suggest that the AUX1 gene may have a specific function in the hormonal regulation of gravitropism.
Pickett, F. Bryan; Wilson, Allison K.; Estelle, Mark
Preliminary paleogeographic reconstruction of the Illinois basin during deposition of the Mississippian Aux Vases Formation: Implications for hydrocarbon recovery
Extensive outcrop investigation and selective subsurface study allow definition of Illinois basin paleogeography during deposition of the Mississippian (Valmeyeran-Meramecian) Aux Vases Formation. The results incorporate an integrated approach utilizing field observations and petrographic analysis, wireline logs, subsurface maps, and cores. The Aux Vases Formation depositional system has been determined to be composed of subtidal to intertidal facies. Depositional facies in outcrop are based on rock body geometries, sedimentary structure assemblages, paleocurrent analysis, paleontology of body and trace fossils, facies relationships, and petrography. Depositional facies determined from subsurface data are based on correlation of lithologic interpretations from wireline logs, sand body geometries form isopach maps, and petrography. Specific depositional facies observed in outcrop and core and inferred from wireline logs and isopach maps are offshore bars and tidal channel complexes, extensive subtidal to lower intertidal, ripple-laminated, fine-grained quartzose sandstone. Carbonate facies occur as subtidal grainstones at or near the base of a sequence, or as high energy deposits which have been tidally reworked. This depositional system produces reservoir heterogeneities that complicate efficient hydrocarbon recovery. This diverse facies architecture is modified by tectonic and diagenetic overprinting, further segregating potential producing zones. To significantly improve recovery efficiency, predictions regarding compartmentalization can be used prior to designing a drilling program, an infill drilling program, or an application of enhanced recovery techniques.
Cole, R.D. (Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign (United States))
Genome-wide analysis of Aux\\/IAA and ARF gene families in Populus trichocarpa
BACKGROUND: Auxin\\/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux\\/IAA) and Auxin Response Factor (ARF) transcription factors are key regulators of auxin responses in plants. We identified the suites of genes in the two gene families in Populus and performed comparative genomic analysis with Arabidopsis and rice. RESULTS: A total of 35 Aux\\/IAA and 39 ARF genes were identified in the Populus genome. Comparative phylogenetic analysis
Udaya C Kalluri; Stephen P DiFazio; Amy M Brunner; Gerald A Tuskan
Auxin-induced SCFTIR1Aux\\/IAA interaction involves stable modification of the SCFTIR1 complex
The plant hormone auxin can regulate gene expression by destabilizing members of the Aux\\/IAA family of transcriptional repressors. Auxin-induced Aux\\/IAA degradation requires the protein-ubiquitin ligase SCFTIR1, with auxin acting to enhance the interaction between the Aux\\/IAAs and SCFTIR1. SKP1, Cullin, and an F-box-containing protein (SCF)-mediated degradation is an important component of many eukaryotic signaling pathways. In all known cases to
Stefan Kepinski; Ottoline Leyser
Réactions aux interfaces de bicristaux compatibles et incompatibles
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La rupture intergranulaire peut apparaître suite à la non accommodation des contraintes au voisinage de l'interface. La transmission du glissement au travers d'une interface est un des modes de relaxation possible qui dépend des paramètres suivants : facteurs géométriques (caractéristiques de l'interface et systèmes de glissement activés), constantes élastiques de chacune des phases. Dans cette étude, la microscopie électronique à transmission (MET) est utilisée pour analyser les configurations de dislocations résultant d'une déformation par fatigue de bicristaux d'acier austénoferritique de désorientations contrôlées. Deux types de bicristaux sont étudiés, compatible et incompatible plastiquement. Pour chacun d'eux, la déformation est initiée soit dans la phase ferritique ? soit dans la phase austénitique ? selon la localisation d'une entaille préalable à l'essai mécanique. Les résultats permettent de remonter aux mécanismes élémentaires qui régissent le transfert "direct" ou "indirect" des dislocations à travers l'interface. Une corrélation avec le comportement des bicristaux à l'échelle macroscopique est également tentée.
Taisne, A.; Décamps, B.; Priester, L.
Evidence supporting an intentional Neandertal burial at La Chapelle-aux-Saints
The bouffia Bonneval at La Chapelle-aux-Saints is well known for the discovery of the first secure Neandertal burial in the early 20th century. However, the intentionality of the burial remains an issue of some debate. Here, we present the results of a 12-y fieldwork project, along with a taphonomic analysis of the human remains, designed to assess the funerary context of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neandertal. We have established the anthropogenic nature of the burial pit and underlined the taphonomic evidence of a rapid burial of the body. These multiple lines of evidence support the hypothesis of an intentional burial. Finally, the discovery of skeletal elements belonging to the original La Chapelle aux Saints 1 individual, two additional young individuals, and a second adult in the bouffia Bonneval highlights a more complex site-formation history than previously proposed.
Rendu, William; Beauval, Cedric; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Bayle, Priscilla; Balzeau, Antoine; Bismuth, Thierry; Bourguignon, Laurence; Delfour, Geraldine; Faivre, Jean-Philippe; Lacrampe-Cuyaubere, Francois; Tavormina, Carlotta; Todisco, Dominique; Turq, Alain; Maureille, Bruno
Evidence supporting an intentional Neandertal burial at La Chapelle-aux-Saints.
The bouffia Bonneval at La Chapelle-aux-Saints is well known for the discovery of the first secure Neandertal burial in the early 20th century. However, the intentionality of the burial remains an issue of some debate. Here, we present the results of a 12-y fieldwork project, along with a taphonomic analysis of the human remains, designed to assess the funerary context of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neandertal. We have established the anthropogenic nature of the burial pit and underlined the taphonomic evidence of a rapid burial of the body. These multiple lines of evidence support the hypothesis of an intentional burial. Finally, the discovery of skeletal elements belonging to the original La Chapelle aux Saints 1 individual, two additional young individuals, and a second adult in the bouffia Bonneval highlights a more complex site-formation history than previously proposed. PMID:24344286
Rendu, William; Beauval, Cédric; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Bayle, Priscilla; Balzeau, Antoine; Bismuth, Thierry; Bourguignon, Laurence; Delfour, Géraldine; Faivre, Jean-Philippe; Lacrampe-Cuyaubère, François; Tavormina, Carlotta; Todisco, Dominique; Turq, Alain; Maureille, Bruno
Auxin-induced SCFTIR1-Aux/IAA interaction involves stable modification of the SCFTIR1 complex.
The plant hormone auxin can regulate gene expression by destabilizing members of the Aux/IAA family of transcriptional repressors. Auxin-induced Aux/IAA degradation requires the protein-ubiquitin ligase SCF(TIR1), with auxin acting to enhance the interaction between the Aux/IAAs and SCF(TIR1). SKP1, Cullin, and an F-box-containing protein (SCF)-mediated degradation is an important component of many eukaryotic signaling pathways. In all known cases to date, the interaction between the targets and their cognate SCFs is regulated by signal-induced modification of the target. The mechanism by which auxin promotes the interaction between SCF(TIR1) and Aux/IAAs is not understood, but current hypotheses propose auxin-induced phosphorylation, hydroxylation, or proline isomerization of the Aux/IAAs. We found no evidence to support these hypotheses or indeed that auxin induces any stable modification of Aux/IAAs to increase their affinity for SCF(TIR1). Instead, we present data suggesting that auxin promotes the SCF(TIR1)-Aux/IAA interaction by affecting the SCF component, TIR1, or proteins tightly associated with it. PMID:15295098
Kepinski, Stefan; Leyser, Ottoline
Identification and Analyses of AUX-IAA target genes controlling multiple pathways in developing fiber cells of Gossypium hirsutum L
Technological development led to an increased interest in systems biological approaches in plants to characterize developmental mechanism and candidate genes relevant to specific tissue or cell morphology. AUX-IAA proteins are important plant-specific putative transcription factors. There are several reports on physiological response of this family in Arabidopsis but in cotton fiber the transcriptional network through which AUX-IAA regulated its target genes is still unknown. in-silico modelling of cotton fiber development specific gene expression data (108 microarrays and 22,737 genes) using Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Networks (ARACNe) reveals 3690 putative AUX-IAA target genes of which 139 genes were known to be AUX-IAA co-regulated within Arabidopsis. Further AUX-IAA targeted gene regulatory network (GRN) had substantial impact on the transcriptional dynamics of cotton fiber, as showed by, altered TF networks, and Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes and metabolic pathway associated with its target genes. Analysis of the AUX-IAA-correlated gene network reveals multiple functions for AUX-IAA target genes such as unidimensional cell growth, cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process, nucleosome organization, DNA-protein complex and process related to cell wall. These candidate networks/pathways have a variety of profound impacts on such cellular functions as stress response, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. While these functions are fairly broad, their underlying TF networks may provide a global view of AUX-IAA regulated gene expression and a GRN that guides future studies in understanding role of AUX-IAA box protein and its targets regulating fiber development.
Nigam, Deepti; Sawant, Samir V
Degradation of Aux/IAA proteins is essential for normal auxin signalling.
The growth substance auxin mediates many cellular processes, including division, elongation and differentiation. PSIAA6 is a member of the Aux/IAA family of short-lived putative transcriptional regulators that share four conserved domains and whose mRNAs are rapidly induced in the presence of auxin. Here PSIAA6 was shown to serve as a dominant transferable degradation signal when present as a translational fusion with firefly luciferase (LUC), with an in vivo half-life of 13.5 min in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. In a transient assay system in tobacco protoplasts using steady-state differences as an indirect measure of protein half-life, LUC fusions with full-length PSIAA6 and IAA1, an Aux/IAA protein from Arabidopsis, resulted in protein accumulations that were 3.5 and 1. 0%, respectively, of that with LUC alone. An N-terminal region spanning conserved domain II of PSIAA6 containing amino acids 18-73 was shown to contain the necessary cis-acting element to confer low protein accumulation onto LUC, while a fusion protein with PSIAA6 amino acids 71-179 had only a slight effect. Single amino acid substitutions of PSIAA6 in conserved domain II, equivalent to those found in two alleles of axr3, a gene that encodes Aux/IAA protein IAA17, resulted in a greater than 50-fold increase in protein accumulation. Thus, the same mutations resulting in an altered auxin response phenotype increase Aux/IAA protein accumulation, providing a direct link between these two processes. In support of this model, transgenic plants engineered to over-express IAA17 have an axr3-like phenotype. Together, these data suggest that rapid degradation of Aux/IAA proteins is necessary for a normal auxin response. PMID:10758506
Worley, C K; Zenser, N; Ramos, J; Rouse, D; Leyser, O; Theologis, A; Callis, J
Moduler les cotisations employeurs à l'assurance chômage : les expériences de bonus-malus aux Etats-Unis
[fre] Notre article présente les résultats des études consacrées aux effets du système américain de modulation des cotisations patronales à l'assurance-chômage (experience rating) et quelques réflexions sur le cas de la France. Aux Etats-Unis, ces cotisations dépendent du nombre des licenciements effectués par l'entreprise au cours des années les plus récentes. Nous commençons par un rappel succinct de l'évolution historique
David Margolis
Genome-wide identification, functional analysis and expression profiling of the Aux/IAA gene family in tomato.
Auxin is a central hormone that exerts pleiotropic effects on plant growth including the development of roots, shoots, flowers and fruit. The perception and signaling of the plant hormone auxin rely on the cooperative action of several components, among which auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins play a pivotal role. In this study, we identified and comprehensively analyzed the entire Aux/IAA gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a reference species for Solanaceae plants, and the model plant for fleshy fruit development. Functional characterization using a dedicated single cell system revealed that tomato Aux/IAA proteins function as active repressors of auxin-dependent gene transcription, with, however, different Aux/IAA members displaying varying levels of repression. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Aux/IAA gene family is slightly contracted in tomato compared with Arabidopsis, with a lower representation of non-canonical proteins. Sl-IAA genes display distinctive expression pattern in different tomato organs and tissues, and some of them display differential responses to auxin and ethylene, suggesting that Aux/IAAs may play a role in linking both hormone signaling pathways. The data presented here shed more light on Sl-IAA genes and provides new leads towards the elucidation of their function during plant development and in mediating hormone cross-talk. PMID:22368074
Audran-Delalande, Corinne; Bassa, Carole; Mila, Isabelle; Regad, Farid; Zouine, Mohamed; Bouzayen, Mondher
A combinatorial TIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA co-receptor system for differential sensing of auxin
The plant hormone auxin regulates virtually every aspect of plant growth and development. Auxin acts by binding to the F-box protein TIR1 and promotes the degradation of the Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors. Here, we show that efficient auxin binding requires assembly of an auxin co-receptor complex consisting of TIR1 and an Aux/IAA protein. Heterologous experiments in yeast and quantitative IAA binding assays using purified proteins showed that different combinations of TIR1 and Aux/IAA proteins form co-receptor complexes with a wide range of auxin-binding affinities. Auxin affinity appears to be largely determined by the Aux/IAA. As there are 6 TIR1/AFBs and 29 Aux/IAA proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, combinatorial interactions may result in many co-receptors with distinct auxin sensing properties. We also demonstrate that the AFB5-Aux/IAA co-receptor selectively binds the auxinic herbicide picloram. This co-receptor system broadens the effective concentration range of the hormone and may contribute to the complexity of auxin response.
Villalobos, Luz Irina A. Calderon; Lee, Sarah; De Oliveira, Cesar; Ivetac, Anthony; Brandt, Wolfgang; Armitage, Lynne; Sheard, Laura B.; Tan, Xu; Parry, Geraint; Mao, Haibin; Zheng, Ning; Napier, Richard; Kepinski, Stefan; Estelle, Mark
Genome-wide analysis of Aux/IAA and ARF gene families in Populus trichocarpa
Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) and Auxin Response Factor (ARF) transcription factors are key regulators of auxin responses in plants. A total of 35 Aux/IAA and 39 ARF genes were identified in the Populus genome. Comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed that the subgroups PoptrARF2, 6, 9 and 16 and PoptrIAA3, 16, 27 and 29 have differentially expanded in Populus relative to Arabidopsis. Activator ARFs were found to be two fold-overrepresented in the Populus genome. PoptrIAA and PoptrARF gene families appear to have expanded due to high segmental and low tandem duplication events. Furthermore, expression studies showed that genes in the expanded PoptrIAA3 subgroup display differential expression. The gene-family analysis reported here will be useful in conducting future functional genomics studies to understand how the molecular roles of these large gene families translate into a diversity of biologically meaningful auxin effects.
Kalluri, Udaya C [ORNL; DiFazio, Stephen P [West Virginia University; Brunner, A. [Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Tuskan, Gerald A [ORNL
Résumé : l'objectif de cet article est d'évaluer la réaction des marchés boursiers suite à l'annonce d'investissements directs par des entreprises françaises aux Etats-Unis. L'étude empirique se fonde sur une méthodologie d'étude d'événements, destinée à mesurer les rendements anormaux moyens et les rendements anormaux moyens cumulés, sur les cotations à la Bourse de Paris, associés à l'annonce d'acquisitions de firmes
Pierre-Xavier MESCHI; Emmanuel METAIS
Decommissioning of the Nuclear Licensed Facilities at the Fontenay aux Roses CEA Center
This is a summary of the program for the decommissioning of all the CEA's facilities in Fontenay aux Roses. The particularity of this center is that it is located in a built-up area. Taking into account the particularities of the various buildings and the levels of radioactivity in them, it was possible to devise a coherent, optimized program for the CEA-FAR licensed nuclear facility decommissioning operations.
Jeanjacques, Michel; Piketty, Laurence; Mandard, Lionel; Pedron, Guy; Boissonneau, Jean Francois; Fouquereau, Alain; Pichereau, Eric; Lethuaire, Nathalie; Estivie, David; Binet, Cedric; Meden, Igor [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Direction de l'Energie Nucleaire, Direction deleguee des Activites Nucleaires de Saclay, Departement des Reacteurs et des Services Nucleaires, Service d'Assainissement de Fontenay Aux Roses : 18, route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex (France)
Auxin-responsive grape Aux/IAA9 regulates transgenic Arabidopsis plant growth.
We report the characterization of VvIAA9, an auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) protein, in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). VvIAA9 was expressed abundantly in leaves and berries. VvIAA9 transcription was drastically upregulated from anthesis to onset of ripening (termed véraison), in which berry diameter rapidly increased. Treatment with exogenous IAA induced VvIAA9 expression in grape leaves, suggesting that VvIAA9 is an auxin-responsive Aux/IAA protein. The overexpression of VvIAA9 in Arabidopsis thaliana promoted plant growth, including rapid floral transition. However, no morphological differences were observed between the control plant and the VvIAA9-overexpressing plant. The overexpression of VvIAA9 in Arabidopsis plants rendered the plants hyposensitive to exogenous IAA. The exogenous IAA treatment did not induce VvIAA9-overexpressing Arabidopsis plant growth and expression of IAA-responsive HAT2. Taken together, we conclude that grape Aux/IAA9 protein is likely to play a crucial role as a plant growth regulator. PMID:22535320
Fujita, Keiko; Horiuchi, Haruka; Takato, Haruka; Kohno, Minako; Suzuki, Shunji
Electronic and geometric structure of AuxCuy clusters studied by density functional theory
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
We have determined the stable structures of AuCun, Au2Cun, Au3Cun and AuxCu8-x clusters. It has been observed that AuCun, Au2Cun and Au3Cun systems have two-dimensional (2D) structures up to six atoms and they become three-dimensional (3D) afterwards. AuxCu8-x clusters favor 3D structures till the Au7Cu1 cluster. We have found a lowest energy isomer of Au6Cu2 from the literature. Bond lengths, binding energies, density of states (DOS), highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gaps, ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) have been calculated for these structures using the first principles density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the local density approximation (LDA). Generally, we have observed the overlap between s electrons of Cu and p electrons of Au near the Fermi level. Charge transfers are calculated by using the Löwdin analysis. It is observed that one Cu atom does not significantly modify the clusters which have more gold atoms. It is also seen that these clusters generally have nonmagnetic properties and results are consistent with the hybridization between s and d orbitals of Au in AuxCu8-x clusters.
Kadioglu, Y.; Üzengi Aktürk, O.; Tomak, M.
L'Earned Income Tax Credit, un crédit d'impôt ciblé sur les foyers de salariés modestes aux États-Unis
[fre] L'Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) est un crédit d'impôt bénéficiant aux foyers dans lesquels au moins une personne travaille. Les hausses de barème au cours de la décennie 90 en ont fait un mécanisme substantiel de soutien aux revenus des familles aux États-Unis. En 1998, ce mécanisme concerne 19,5 millions de foyers, pour un coût d'environ 30 milliards de
Olivier Bontout
Vaincre la r?ticence ? l'instauration d'un nouveau sch?ma ? base d'enfuvirtide gr?ce aux soins aux patients et aux mesures de soutien
Les patients peuvent être réticents à l'idée de commencer un traitement par l'enfuvirtide en raison de préoccupations relatives à l'auto-injection et à d'autres questions connexes. Étant donné que l'introduction d'une nouvelle classe de médicaments peut améliorer considérablement l'efficacité d'un schéma antirétroviral, appuyer le patient dans l'instauration de l'enfuvirtide, un agent sûr et efficace appartenant à une nouvelle classe, offre des bienfaits thérapeutiques. Dans le cas du présent patient, qui affichait une résistance aux trois grandes classes d'antirétroviraux, l'enfuvirtide a été ajouté avec succès au traitement grâce à un groupe d'aide par les pairs et à une assistance clinique. L'acceptation du patient a augmenté grâce à l'utilisation d'un système d'injection sans aiguilles (Biojector), avec des effets secondaires minimes et une amélioration significative du contrôle virologique et immunologique.
Trottier, Benoit
Aux1p/Swa2p Is Required for Cortical Endoplasmic Reticulum Inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is found at the periphery of the cell and around the nucleus. The segregation of ER through the mother-bud neck may occur by more than one mechanism because perinuclear, but not peripheral ER, requires microtubules for this event. To identify genes whose products are required for cortical ER inheritance, we have used a Tn3-based transposon library to mutagenize cells expressing a green fluorescent protein-tagged ER marker protein (Hmg1p). This approach has revealed that AUX1/SWA2 plays a role in ER inheritance. The COOH terminus of Aux1p/Swa2p contains a J-domain that is highly related to the J-domain of auxilin, which stimulates the uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles. Deletion of the J-domain of Aux1p/Swa2p leads to vacuole fragmentation and membrane accumulation but does not affect the migration of peripheral ER into daughter cells. These findings suggest that Aux1p/Swa2p may be a bifunctional protein with roles in membrane traffic and cortical ER inheritance. In support of this hypothesis, we find that Aux1p/Swa2p localizes to ER membranes.
Du, Yunrui; Pypaert, Marc; Novick, Peter; Ferro-Novick, Susan
Soins primaires aux adultes ayant une d?ficience d?veloppementale
Résumé Objectif Mettre à jour les lignes directrices canadiennes de 2006 sur les soins primaires aux adultes ayant une déficience développementale (DD) et présenter des recommandations pratiques fondées sur les connaissances actuelles pour traiter des problèmes de santé particuliers chez des adultes ayant une DD. Qualité des preuves Des professionnels de la santé expérimentés participant à un colloque et un groupe de travail subséquent ont discuté et convenu des révisions aux lignes directrices de 2006 en se fondant sur une recherche documentaire exhaustive, la rétroaction obtenue des utilisateurs du guide de pratique et les expériences cliniques personnelles. La plupart des preuves disponibles dans ce domaine viennent de l'opinion d'experts ou de déclarations consensuelles publiées (niveau III). Message principal Les adultes ayant une DD ont des problèmes de santé complexes, dont plusieurs diffèrent de ceux de la population en général. De bons soins primaires permettent d'identifier les problèmes de santé particuliers dont souffrent les adultes ayant une DD pour améliorer leur qualité de vie et leur accès aux soins de santé et prévenir la morbidité et le décès prématuré. Ces lignes directrices résument les problèmes de santé générale, physique, comportementale et mentale des adultes ayant une DD que devraient connaître les professionnels des soins primaires et présentent des recommandations pour le dépistage et la prise en charge en se basant sur les connaissances actuelles que les cliniciens peuvent mettre en pratique. En raison de l'interaction des facteurs biologiques, psychoaffectifs et sociaux qui contribuent à la santé et au bien-être des adultes ayant une DD, ces lignes directrices insistent sur la participation des aidants, l'adaptation des interventions, au besoin, et la consultation auprès de divers professionnels de la santé quand ils sont accessibles. Elles mettent aussi en évidence la nature éthique des soins. Les lignes directrices sont formulées dans le contexte d'un cadre éthique qui tient compte des questions comme le consentement éclairé et l'évaluation des bienfaits pour la santé par rapport aux risques de préjudice. Conclusion La mise en œuvre des lignes directrices proposées ici améliorerait la santé des adultes ayant une DD et minimiserait les disparités sur les plans de la santé et des soins de santé entre les adultes ayant une DD et la population en général.
Sullivan, William F.; Berg, Joseph M.; Bradley, Elspeth; Cheetham, Tom; Denton, Richard; Heng, John; Hennen, Brian; Joyce, David; Kelly, Maureen; Korossy, Marika; Lunsky, Yona; McMillan, Shirley
Study of electronic properties in RCuAuxAl3 compounds, where R=Ce, La
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The magnetization, specific heat, electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance were measured on CeCuAuxAl3 compounds. The increase of structure parameters with substitution of Cu by larger atoms of Au was observed. Such a substitution causes a decrease of the Néel temperature as well as the Kondo temperature. The strong ferromagnetic correlations were found in the series, at least in the gold rich compounds. Nevertheless, all the compounds order antiferromagneticaly and no further phase transition was observed. The La counterparts were investigated by means of electrical resistivity and their basic physical properties are presented as well.
Klicpera, M.; Javorský, P.
Identification and expression analysis of primary auxin-responsive Aux/IAA gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus).
Aux/IAA is an important gene family involved in many aspects of growth and development. Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived nuclear proteins that are induced primarily by various phytohormones. In this study, 29 Aux/IAA family genes (CsIAA01-CsIAA29) were identified and characterized in cucumber, including gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, conserved protein motifs and chromosomal locations. These genes show distinct organizational patterns of their putative motifs. The distributions of the genes vary: except for five CsIAA genes in cucumber that were not located, seven CsIAA genes were found on scaffold, while the other 17 CsIAA genes were distributed on seven other chromosomes. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the Aux/IAA protein sequences from cucumber, Arabidopsis and other plants, the Aux/IAA genes in cucumber were categorized into seven subfamilies. To investigate whether the expression of CsIAA genes is associated with auxin induction, their transcript levels were monitored in seedlings treated with IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), and their expression patterns were analysed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that 11/29 CsIAA genes were expressed in leaves whether treated with IAA or not and the time course of processing and compared with the control, five CsIAA genes showed low expression only after 60 min treatment with IAA, while 11 genes showed no expression. These results provide useful information for further functional analysis of Aux/IAA gene family in cucumber. PMID:24371172
Gan, Defang; Zhuang, Dan; Ding, Fei; Yu, Zhenzhou; Zhao, Yang
Loi constitutive chimioplastique pour le beton expose aux hautes temperatures
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Even though it has been used for several centuries, its behavior to high temperature remains to be understood. In the light of recent extreme events, including accidents, and arson, special attention has been focused on the performance of concrete in the fire safety assessment of buildings and tunnels. Fire represents one of the most severe conditions encountered during the life-time of a structure. Concrete exposed to high temperature can significantly jeopardize the structural integrity and load bearing capacity of the structure. Spalling of concrete remains one of the main issues to be addressed in the case of fire in buildings and tunnels. Successful modeling of this phenomenon depends not only on the accurate prediction of the temperature distribution through structural concrete but also on its mechanical response to the heating and boundaries restrains conditions and the migration of moisture and associated pore pressures. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reliable formulation of concrete with all required information to understand its behavior during and after exposure to elevated temperature. It is also necessary to properly assess the effects of thermal degradation in order to develop predictive tools and validate design codes. Many structural problems can be adequately worthy by an elastoplastic model. The ultimate goal of this study is the development of a new constitutive model under a chemoplastic framework. To do this, an experimental program is carried out. The purpose of this program is twofold. First, it is essential to calibrate the proposed constitutive law that will be developed, and, second, for defining an inverse a problem. Usually, uniaxial and triaxial tests, conducted with confining pressure varied between 1.3 and 24 MPa and a temperature up to 700°C, allow us to identify the constitutive law parameters. This law reproduces the reduced field strength due to degradation of exothermic origin. This experimental program puts emphasis on the fragile nature of the preheated concrete and demonstrates the non-applicability of two failure criteria often used in engineering calculation. An alternative is proposed and well-tested. Indeed, exposing the concrete to high temperature results in irreversible loss of stiffness as well as a loss of decohesion strength. These losses are, typically, expressed through semi-empirical relationships of the mechanical properties with temperature. Unfortunately, these relationships are inadequate because the direct impact of this degradation, on the macroscopic scale, can result in a dependency relationship between the elastic properties and the hydrates mass. Therefore, unlike traditional methods using conventional elasto-plastic models and adjusting certain parameters with local temperature, the proposed constitutive law that incorporates a function of dehydration similar to the softening index in chemo-plastics gives good results. An Etse and Willam similar criterion is used and modified for the occasion. Hardening and softening mechanisms are then needed to expand and contract the loading surface for defining the strength of the concrete on a wide range of dehydration processes. The direction and magnitude of a permanent deformation, core of the inelastic domain, are defined through the development of non-associated chemoplastic potential and new curve of ductility. The influence of hydrostatic pressure (dilatancy) and dehydration on the concrete behavior are taken into account in our model. The model is implemented in the Matlab(c) code. Strains and stresses generated in the concrete are now accurately predicted. To illustrate the capabilities of the developed model to predict the complex behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature, simulations are performed through numerical loading paths scenarios. The model is able to accurately reproduce all the experimental data.
Hammoud, Rabah
The AUX1 LAX family of auxin influx carriers is required for the establishment of embryonic root cell organization in Arabidopsis thaliana
Background and Aims The root meristem of the Arabidopsis thaliana mature embryo is a highly organized structure in which individual cell shape and size must be regulated in co-ordination with the surrounding cells. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the AUX1 LAX family of auxin import carriers during the establishment of the embryonic root cell pattern. Methods The radicle apex of single and multiple aux1 lax mutant mature embryos was used to evaluate the effect of this gene family upon embryonic root organization and root cap size, cell number and cell size. Key Results It was demonstrated here that mutations within the AUX1 LAX family are associated with changes in cell pattern establishment in the embryonic quiescent centre and columella. aux1 lax mutants have a larger radicle root cap than the wild type and this is associated with a significant increase in the root-cap cell number, average cell size, or both. Extreme disorganization of the radicle apex was observed among quadruple aux1 lax1 lax2 lax3 mutant embryos, but not in single aux1 null or in lax1, lax2 and lax3 single mutants, indicating redundancy within the AUX1 LAX family. Conclusions It was determined that the AUX1 LAX family of auxin influx facilitators participates in the establishment of cell pattern within the apex of the embryonic root in a gene-redundant fashion. It was demonstrated that aux1 lax mutants are affected in cell proliferation and cell growth within the radicle tip. Thus AUX1 LAX auxin importers emerge as new players in morphogenetic processes involved in patterning during embryonic root formation.
Ugartechea-Chirino, Yamel; Swarup, Ranjan; Swarup, Kamal; Peret, Benjamin; Whitworth, Morag; Bennett, Malcolm; Bougourd, Sue
Exposition pr?coce aux aliments et allergies alimentaires chez les enfants
Résumé Question J'étais sous l'impression qu'on devrait éviter de donner aux nourrissons des aliments potentiellement allergènes comme des noix, du lait de vache et des œufs pour prévenir le développement de réactions allergiques. Quels conseils devrait-on donner aux parents concernant l'introduction des aliments durant la petite enfance et le développement des allergies alimentaires? Réponse Il n'y a pas de données probantes indiquant que retarder l'introduction d'aliments particuliers après l'âge de 6 mois aide à prévenir les allergies. Une récente déclaration de la Société canadienne de pédiatrie ne recommande aucun délai quant à l'introduction d'aliments durant la petite enfance. De récentes études de recherche semblent aussi faire valoir que l'introduction précoce (entre 4 et 6 mois) d'aliments possiblement allergènes procure une forme de protection et contribue à prévenir les allergies, mais il faudrait plus de recherche à ce sujet.
Chin, Benetta; Chan, Edmond S.; Goldman, Ran D.
Auxin-nonresponsive grape Aux/IAA19 is a positive regulator of plant growth.
We report the characterization of VvIAA19, an auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) protein, in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). VvIAA19 was expressed abundantly in berries. VvIAA19 transcription was rapidly increased at pre-anthesis and then decreased during fruit set. Before véraison, however, VvIAA19 gene expression was upregulated again and maximum expression was maintained until the end of ripening. Exogenous IAA did not induce VvIAA19 expression in grape leaves, suggesting that VvIAA19 might be auxin-nonresponsive. The overexpression of VvIAA19 in Arabidopsis thaliana had a notable effect on plant growth. Although no morphological changes were observed, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing VvIAA19 exhibited faster growth, including root elongation and floral transition, than the control plant, suggesting that the constitutive expression of VvIAA19 protein resulted in increased growth rates without any detectable harm. Taken together, we conclude that grape Aux/IAA19 protein is likely to play a crucial role as a plant growth regulator. PMID:21562765
Kohno, Minako; Takato, Haruka; Horiuchi, Haruka; Fujita, Keiko; Suzuki, Shunji
Le silicium nanoporeux: microstructuration diélectrique et application aux structures photoniques avancées
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The aim of this work is to elaborate and study photonic bandgap microstructures using nanoporous silicon. Planar microstructures like microcavities are first considered, and their influence on both angular and spectral distributions of photoluminescence are investigated. The primary conclusion derived from these studies is that it is essential to control the propagation of light in the plane, too. Thus, the lateral propagation of light, enhanced by a vertical structuring of the optical index (step-index waveguide as well as Bragg reflection waveguide) is studied. Furthermore, a numerical model based on the standard transfer-matrix method is suggested to calculate guiding losses. Finally, a holographic process is utilized to obtain a lateral structuring of the optical index, thereby allowing the investigation of its effects on the guided light. The transmittance, measured on a multimode waveguide using white light, shows several stopbands, which are attributed to diagonal and off-diagonal couplings. The comparison of these measurements to the coupled-mode theory allows a map of the optical index to be plotted. A strong birefringence in regions that were illuminated during the holographic process was illustrated. This suggests a stronger decrease of the extraordinary index (? n = -0.4) than the ordinary index (? n = -0.22). With a period of 450 nm, these values of index contrast are promising, even if the effective depth on which the index is modulated is only 0.5 ?m. Ce travail est consacré à la réalisation et à l'étude de microstructures photoniques à base de silicium nanoporeux. Nous commençons notre étude par des structures planaires de type microcavité, dont nous caractérisons l'influence sur la photoluminescence du matériau, en termes de redistribution spectrale et angulaire. Il apparaît très vite la nécessité de contrôler la propagation de la lumière dans le plan de la structure. Aussi, nous cherchons d'abord à favoriser la propagation latérale au moyen d'une structuration verticale de l'indice, et nous étudions le guidage au moyen de deux types de structures, exploitant soit à un guidage conventionnel par réflexion totale interne, soit à un guidage par réflexion de Bragg. À cette occasion nous proposons une méthode numérique, basée sur le formalisme des matrices de transfert, permettant de calculer l'atténuation de la puissance transportée dans le plan. Par la suite, nous mettons à profit le procédé holographique de structuration d'indice démontré par des travaux antérieurs et étudions son influence sur la lumière guidée. La transmission, mesurée en lumière blanche sur un guide multimode révèle de multiples bandes interdites que nous interprétons en termes de couplages diagonaux et non diagonaux. La confrontation des mesures avec une modélisation par la méthode des modes couplés nous permet d'établir une carte d'indice de notre structure. Il apparaît une biréfringence marquée dans les régions insolées par le procédé holographique, caractérisées par une diminution deux fois plus importante de l'indice extraordinaire (? n =-0{,}4) que de l'indice ordinaire (? n =-0{,}22). Avec une période de 450 nm, ces valeurs de contraste sont encourageantes, bien que la modulation d'indice ne soit présente que sur une profondeur effective de l'ordre de 0,5 ?m.
Ferrand, P.
Le coussinet adipeux de Charpy. Anatomie descriptive et fonctionnelle. Applications aux nouveaux liftings
The eyebrow fat pad, or retro-orbicularis oculus fat (ROOF) is a syssarcosis, described as an anatomic and functional unity by M. Charpy in 1909. Our anatomic study on 12 (24 half-head) fresh cadaver specimens confirm anatomic variations, mainly according to age and sex. Synthesis of recent literature shows the renewed interest for this fat pad and its involvement in the eye's
F. Aghai; P. Caix
La diffraction des rayons X durs : un nouvel outil pour les géosciences. Application aux quartz naturels
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The Institut Laue-Langevin hard X ray diffraction technique has been used to study natural quartz crystals from the Alps and Madagascar. The results are consistent with the known descriptions of these types of crystals. This technique presents the advantage to be directly related to the structural properties of the samples. These measurements show the interest of this non destructive technique, which allows global bulk analysis of centimeter size samples, in the field of mineralogy and geosciences. It completes information given by usual methods.
Bastie, P.; Dolino, G.; Hamelin, B.; Meisser, N.
Dans la perspective d'une réduction accélérée de la pauvreté et l'atteinte des objectifs du millénaire pour le développement, une riche littérature sur la croissance pro-pauvre s'est développée à partir du milieu des années 90 et propose des réformes pour générer une croissance soutenue tout en améliorant les revenus et les conditions de vie des pauvres. Mais les analyses pour l'impact
Dorothée Boccanfuso; Rodolphe Missinhoun; Luc Savard
The Tomato Aux/IAA Transcription Factor IAA9 Is Involved in Fruit Development and Leaf MorphogenesisW?
Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins are transcriptional regulators that mediate many aspects of plant responses to auxin. While functions of most Aux/IAAs have been defined mainly by gain-of-function mutant alleles in Arabidopsis thaliana, phenotypes associated with loss-of-function mutations have been scarce and subtle. We report here that the downregulation of IAA9, a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) gene from a distinct subfamily of Aux/IAA genes, results in a pleiotropic phenotype, consistent with its ubiquitous expression pattern. IAA9-inhibited lines have simple leaves instead of wild-type compound leaves, and fruit development is triggered before fertilization, giving rise to parthenocarpy. This indicates that IAA9 is a key mediator of leaf morphogenesis and fruit set. In addition, antisense plants displayed auxin-related growth alterations, including enhanced hypocotyl/stem elongation, increased leaf vascularization, and reduced apical dominance. Auxin dose–response assays revealed that IAA9 downregulated lines were hypersensitive to auxin, although the only early auxin-responsive gene that was found to be upregulated in the antisense lines was IAA3. The activity of the IAA3 promoter was stimulated in the IAA9 antisense genetic background, indicating that IAA9 acts in planta as a transcriptional repressor of auxin signaling. While no mutation in any member of subfamily IV has been reported to date, the phenotypes associated with the downregulation of IAA9 reveal distinct and novel roles for members of the Aux/IAA gene family.
Wang, Hua; Jones, Brian; Li, Zhengguo; Frasse, Pierre; Delalande, Corinne; Regad, Farid; Chaabouni, Salma; Latche, Alain; Pech, Jean-Claude; Bouzayen, Mondher
Synthese et utilisation de fibres cellulosiques phosphatees pour la valorisation de la fibre vegetale dans l'amelioration des proprietes de surface du papier et la fabrication de materiaux ignifuges
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dans cette etude, nous souhaitions principalement greffer des groupements phosphates directement sur la cellulose comme materiau modele, et par la suite transposer les conditions optimales du design concu pour la cellulose, determine par modelisation a l'aide de l'outil JMP, sur la pate kraft. Ensuite, evaluer les proprietes physico-chimiques, optiques, d'hydrophilie, thermiques et d'inflammabilite des materiaux fabriques (feuilles ou pastilles fabriquees) a partir des fibres phosphorylees. Pour ce faire, nous avons pretraite la cellulose et la pate kraft dans une solution aqueuse de 10 a 15 % de LiCl a 70°C pendant 7 heures. Par la suite, nous avons procede a la reaction de phosphorylation in situ avec l'acide phosphorique et l'uree, dans des conditions de temperatures et de reactifs decrites par un design experimental, pendant 3 heures. La reaction de phosphorylation s'est realisee avec succes pour l'ensemble des resultats sur la cellulose, avec des taux de greffage variables selon les conditions operatoires. Les degres de substitutions (DSP), determines par ICP-OES, et les degres de polymerisation (DP), determines par viscosimetrie, etaient aussi variables, selon les conditions. L'etude des parametres experimentaux a permis de determiner les conditions optimales transposables sur la pate kraft (DSP = 1,47 et DP = 142,42 pour la cellulose, qui represente un taux de coupure de 38% de la fibre) et les facteurs critiques de la reaction. Les resultats de la reaction sur la fibre ont permis, non seulement de constater que les conditions utilisees pour la cellulose n'etaient directement transposables a la fibre, mais permettaient quand d'obtenir un DSP interessant ? a 1 avec un taux de coupure de 50 a 60 %. La structure du produit principal de la reaction (le sel de calcium du pyrophosphate d'ester de cellulose ou de pate kraft) a ete determinee par les analyses FTIR, XPS, RMN-13C et RMN-31P. L'etude de l'effet de la reaction de phosphorylation sur les proprietes physico-chimiques et optiques (blancheur/opacite, rupture, cohesion interne etc.) des feuilles fabriquees a permis de demontrer une diminution generale des proprietes de ces dernieres. De meme, une resistance a la flamme du papier phosphoryle a ete observee dans la phase de decroissance de la combustion, lors des tests de flamme et des analyses par TGA. De plus, l'analyse de l'angle de contact a demontre que le greffage des groupements phosphates augmentait l'hydrophilie de la fibre et son absorption d'eau.
Lentsolo Yalli, Gym Clerc
Efficacité d'un programme d'entraînement aux habiletés sociales pour enfants présentant des diagnostics psychiatriques hétérogènes
Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer les effets d'un programme d'entraînement aux habiletés sociales conçu pour des enfants de 9 à 14 ans présentant des problèmes de santé mentale et des difficultés relationnelles. Le programme (offert en clinique externe) combine des techniques de l'apprentissage social et de l'approche cognitivo-comportementale. Les participants (N = 51; âge moyen = 10,8 ans;
Lyse Lessard; Sylvain Coutu
Un système de détection à pixels tolérant aux rayonnements pour les expériences ALICE et LHCb au CERN
Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a été effectué au sein du groupe Microélectronique du CERN, le laboratoire européen pour la physique des particules. Il s'agit d'un laboratoire situé près de Genève en Suisse, il a été créé dans les années 50 pour donner aux scientifiques européens les moyens d'étudier la physique des hautes énergies (HEP, High Energy Physics). Grâce
Roberto Dinapoli; Jean Gasiot
Phloem-specific expression of a melon Aux/IAA in tomato plants alters auxin sensitivity and plant development.
Phloem sap contains a large repertoire of macromolecules in addition to sugars, amino acids, growth substances and ions. The transcription profile of melon phloem sap contains over 1000 mRNA molecules, most of them associated with signal transduction, transcriptional control, and stress and defense responses. Heterografting experiments have established the long-distance trafficking of numerous mRNA molecules. Interestingly, several trafficking transcripts are involved in the auxin response, including two molecules coding for auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA). To further explore the biological role of the melon Aux/IAA transcript CmF-308 in the vascular tissue, a cassette containing the coding sequence of this gene under a phloem-specific promoter was introduced into tomato plants. The number of lateral roots was significantly higher in transgenic plants expressing CmF-308 under the AtSUC2 promoter than in controls. A similar effect on root development was obtained after transient expression of CmF-308 in source leaves of N. benthamiana plants. An auxin-response assay showed that CmF-308-transgenic roots are more sensitive to auxin than control roots. In addition to the altered root development, phloem-specific expression of CmF-308 resulted in shorter plants, a higher number of lateral shoots and delayed flowering, a phenotype resembling reduced apical dominance. In contrast to the root response, cotyledons of the transgenic plants were less sensitive to auxin than control cotyledons. The reduced auxin sensitivity in the shoot tissue was confirmed by lower relative expression of several Aux/IAA genes in leaves and an increase in the relative expression of a cytokinin-response regulator, TRR8/9b. The accumulated data suggest that expression of Aux/IAA in the phloem modifies auxin sensitivity in a tissue-specific manner, thereby altering plant development. PMID:23986770
Golan, Guy; Betzer, Rotem; Wolf, Shmuel
Topotaxial fabrication of vertical Aux Ag1-x nanowire arrays: plasmon-active in the blue region and corrosion resistant.
Topotaxial growth of Au(x) Ag(1-x) alloy nanowires (NWs) by postepitaxial deposition of Ag vapor on Au NWs and investigation of their plasmonic properties are reported. Ag vapor is supplied onto the epitaxially grown Au NWs, topotaxially turning them into Au(x) Ag(1-x) alloy NWs. The original geometries and alignments of the Au nanostructures are well preserved, while the composition of the alloy NWs is controlled by varying the Ag vapor supply time. The Au(0.5) Ag(0.5) NWs show high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity comparable to that of Ag NWs as well as highly increased oxidation resistance. The plasmon-active wavelength range of the Au(0.5) Ag(0.5) NW is significantly extended to the blue region compared to Au NWs. The Au(x) Ag(1-x) alloy NWs that have plasmonic activity in the blue region in addition to high corrosion resistance will make a superb material for practical plasmonic devices including SERS sensors and optical nanoantennas. PMID:22431295
Lee, Hyoban; Yoo, Youngdong; Kang, Taejoon; In, Juneho; Seo, Min-Kyo; Kim, Bongsoo
Xe{sup +} formation following photolysis of Au-Xe: A velocity map imaging study
The photodissociation dynamics of Au-Xe leading to Xe{sup +} formation via the {Xi}{sub 1/2}-X{sup 2}{Sigma}{sup +} (v{sup '}, 0) band system (41 500-41 800 cm{sup -1}) have been investigated by velocity map imaging. Five product channels have been indentified, which can be assigned to photoinduced charge transfer followed by photodissociation in either the neutral or the [Au-Xe]{sup +} species. For the neutral species, charge transfer occurs via a superexcited Rydberg state prior to dissociative ionization, while single-photon excitation of the gold atom in Au{sup +}-Xe accesses an (Au{sup +})*-Xe excited state that couples to a dissociative continuum in Au-Xe{sup +}. Mechanisms by which charge transfer occurs are proposed, and branching ratios for Xe{sup +} formation via the superexcited Rydberg state are reported. The bond dissociation energy for the first excited state of Au{sup +}-Xe is determined to be {approx}9720 {+-} 110 cm{sup -1}.
Hopkins, W. Scott; Woodham, Alex P.; Mackenzie, Stuart R. [Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ (United Kingdom); Plowright, Richard J.; Wright, Timothy G. [School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom)
Time perspectives on glacial landscape formation - glacial flow chronology at Lac aux Goélands, northeastern Québec, Canada
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
We used mapping from aerial photographs and field investigations around Lac Aux Goélands (Whitegull Lake), northeastern Québec, to establish a glacial flow chronology that involves three different glacial landform systems. We interpret the youngest of these systems as related to the late Wisconsinan deglaciation. This system has an up-glacier discontinuity that marks a temporal shift from warm-based subglacial conditions to non-erosive cold-based subglacial conditions, whereby older glacial landscapes are preserved in the interior of Québec-Labrador. Furthermore, our results support theories suggesting a northward migrating ice divide to a final position south of Ungava Bay during the final deglaciation. The recognition that a glacial landscape is fragmented and consists of smaller, temporally unrelated units is of considerable significance in understanding ice-sheet dynamics and patterns of subglacial preservation and destruction. This is because a fragmented landscape implies a fragmented formation history, where formation of subglacial landforms occurred in restricted subglacial zones during restricted time periods. Periods of formation must have been separated by periods of preservation and inhibited subglacial reshaping. Based on estimates of the ice margin retreat velocity and the velocity of the warm-based inward migrating zone, we suggest that periods of preservation were orders of magnitude longer than periods of subglacial landform formation.
Clarhäll, Anders; Jansson, Krister N.
Phloem-mobile Aux/IAA transcripts target to the root tip and modify root architecture.
In plants, the phloem is the component of the vascular system that delivers nutrients and transmits signals from mature leaves to developing sink tissues. Recent studies have identified proteins, mRNA, and small RNA within the phloem sap of several plant species. It is now of considerable interest to elucidate the biological functions of these potential long-distance signal agents, to further our understanding of how plants coordinate their developmental programs at the whole-plant level. In this study, we developed a strategy for the functional analysis of phloem-mobile mRNA by focusing on IAA transcripts, whose mobility has previously been reported in melon (Cucumis melo cv. Hale's Best Jumbo). Indoleacetic acid (IAA) proteins are key transcriptional regulators of auxin signaling, and are involved in a broad range of developmental processes including root development. We used a combination of vasculature-enriched sampling and hetero-grafting techniques to identify IAA18 and IAA28 as phloem-mobile transcripts in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Micro-grafting experiments were used to confirm that these IAA transcripts, which are generated in vascular tissues of mature leaves, are then transported into the root system where they negatively regulate lateral root formation. Based on these findings, we present a model in which auxin distribution, in combination with phloem-mobile Aux/IAA transcripts, can determine the sites of auxin action. PMID:22925478
Notaguchi, Michitaka; Wolf, Shmuel; Lucas, William J
Advantages and Limitations in the Use of Diverse Materials for Aircraft Construction Atouts et Limites d'Emplois des Divers Materiaux Utilises dans la Construction des Cellules.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The properties and applications of steels, light alloys, titanium, and carbon composites are compared. A percentage evaluation of their use in civil aircraft, military aircraft, helicopters, and spacecraft shows trends in airframe materials selection. Cri...
G. Hilaire
Evolution of Materials and Associated Technologies in Aerospace Material Structures Evolution des Materiaux et des Technologies Associees dans les Structures de Materials Aerospatiaux.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A brief history of developments is given. Specific topics examined include: propagation of fatigue cracks, stress corrosion, aluminum alloy forming processes, and composite materials. Selected applications are illustrated: tanks for the 1st stage of Arian...
G. Sertour G. Hilaire
Tectonic conditions of hydrothermal polymetallic vein-type mineralization, Sainte Marie-aux-Mines, France
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (SMM) mines host one of the most famous and oldest silver deposits in Europe. The SMM district is located in the central part of the Vosges mountains, France, within gneiss and granites of the Moldanubian zone. The SMM district includes the Neuenberg E-W vein-type Cu-Ag-As/Pb-Zn deposit and the Altenberg N-S vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposit. Deposition of the SMM hydrothermal mineralization occurred under a brittle tectonic regime that might be connected to neo-Variscan and/or post-Variscan tectonics, in a similar way as the polymetallic vein deposits of the Black Forest, Germany. A structural study was done in the Neuenberg area, in the vicinity of the Saint-Jacques vein, and within the Gabe Gottes mine, considering the orientation, extent, chronology and density of faults as well as the nature of the infilling minerals. In the Gabe-Gottes mine, the Saint-Jacques vein comprises multiple successive, sub-parallel subvertical veinlets with gangue minerals, mostly carbonates and quartz, and metal-bearing phases, sulfides and sulfosalts. The veinlets are 2 to 50 cm thick and strike N80° to N110°, the earlier veins slightly dipping towards the north, and the latest one, to the south. Seven systems of faults were identified, which may be classified into three major groups formed respectively before, during and after the main stage of ore deposition: a) Pre-mineralization faults - These consist of sinistral NE-SW strike-slip faults, and NW-SE and NE-SW steeply dipping normal faults. These could be related to Carboniferous events considering their relationships with the granitoid intrusives present in the mine area (Brézouard leucogranite ~329 Ma), and the extensional tectonics developed during exhumation processes. b) Faults associated with the main ore-deposition - These faults could be related to late-Hercynian processes from compressional to extensional tectonic regimes. Mineralization controlling faults consist of dextral and sinistral E-W strike-slip faults. Early strike-slip movements are assessed by the presence of striated iron oxides, the crystallization of which is considered to be early during the ore deposition process. Mineralizing fluids were probably fluorine-rich as F-bearing minerals, sericite, chlorite and apatite are present in the chlorite zone associated with early sulphide-rich ores. The E-W mineralized faults are only easily compatible with the tectonics known in Permian times. c) Late-stage faults - These could be related to the numerous changes in plate configuration which occur during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic times, in accordance with the creation of the Paris basin, the opening of Atlantic ocean and Rhine Graben, as well as with the Tethys closure. For example, the vertical lineation superposed on an horizontal lineation observed on mineralized rocks indicate reactivation of the former E-W mineralized veins under a normal movement. The latter may correspond to an extensive regime known during Oligocene times. On the other hand, one of the major late-stage faults strikes N-S and is related to a dextral strike-slip system, which could be considered as Miocene. It is expected that fluid remobilization occurred during fault reactivation, a process which could have led to successive ore deposition following the emplacement of the major E-W mineralized veins. A fluid inclusion study in the gangue minerals of the Gabe Gottes is now under investigation. This together with isotopic studies will help to determine the source of the mineralizing fluids, as well as the conditions of ore deposition. Keywords: Faults, polymetallic mineralization, variscan orogeny, Gabe-Gottes, Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, Vosges, F-rich fluids.
Hafeznia, Y.; Bourlange, S.; Ohnenstetter, M.
La racialisation de la sante publique aux Etats-Unis : entre pouvoir sur la vie et droit de laisser mourir.
RSUM Aux États-Unis, une intensification de l'usage de la race en santé publique a récemment été notée ; une idée qui est pourtant controversée dans les sciences. La race a été vue dans ce contexte comme un objet de discours entre pouvoirs et savoirs, un objet qui se réfère au corps devenu au cours des derniers siècles un site discursif pour représenter la différence. Cet article s'appuie sur une analyse de documents de la santé publique parus aux États-Unis et issus de bureaux fédéraux et d'une importante revue spécialisée dans le domaine sanitaire, qui ont été publiés entre 2001 et 2009. Cette étude a analysé la manière dont la race est représentée, produite comme objet de connaissance et régulée par les pratiques discursives dans ces documents. Les résultats décrivent deux processus enchevêtrés, la racialisation et la sanitarisation, qui concourent à reformuler l'idée de race. Le premier est un ensemble d'opérations qui visent à identifier, à situer et à opposer les sujets et les groupes à partir de labels standardisés. La sanitarisation assure la traduction des groupes racialisés en termes de maladies, de comportements, de vie ou de mort. Ces pratiques aboutissent à la caractérisation et à la formation d'objets racialisés et sanitarisés et à des stéréotypes ; un ensemble d'opérations qui a tendance à naturaliser la différence. La racialisation apparaît également tiraillée entre un pouvoir sur la vie et un droit de laisser mourir. Enfin, cette étude propose aux acteurs de la santé publique de sortir des frontières imposées par le discours racialisant. PMID:24801319
Cloos, Patrick
Genome-wide analysis of Aux/IAA gene family in Solanaceae species using tomato as a model.
Auxin plays key roles in a wide variety of plant activities, including embryo development, leaf formation, phototropism, fruit development and root initiation and development. Auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) genes, encoding short-lived nuclear proteins, are key regulators in the auxin transduction pathway. But how they work is still unknown. In order to conduct a systematic analysis of this gene family in Solanaceae species, a genome-wide search for the homologues of auxin response genes was carried out. Here, 26 and 27 non redundant AUX/IAAs were identified in tomato and potato, respectively. Using tomato as a model, a comprehensive overview of SlIAA gene family is presented, including the gene structures, phylogeny, chromosome locations, conserved motifs and cis-elements in promoter sequences. A phylogenetic tree generated from alignments of the predicted protein sequences of 31 OsIAAs, 29 AtIAAs, 31 ZmIAAs, and 26 SlIAAs revealed that these IAAs were clustered into three major groups and ten subgroups. Among them, seven subgroups were present in both monocot and dicot species, which indicated that the major functional diversification within the IAA family predated the monocot/dicot divergence. In contrast, group C and some other subgroups seemed to be species-specific. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that 19 of the 26 SlIAA genes could be detected in all tomato organs/tissues, however, seven of them were specifically expressed in some of tomato tissues. The transcript abundance of 17 SlIAA genes were increased within a few hours when the seedlings were treated with exogenous IAA. However, those of other six SlIAAs were decreased. The results of stress treatments showed that most SIIAA family genes responded to at least one of the three stress treatments, however, they exhibited diverse expression levels under different abiotic stress conditions in tomato seedlings. SlIAA20, SlIAA21 and SlIAA22 were not significantly influenced by stress treatments even though at least one stress-related cis-element was identified in their promoter regions. In conclusion, our comparative analysis provides an insight into the evolution and expression patterns in various tissues and in response to auxin or stresses of the Aux/IAA family members in tomato, which will provide a very useful reference for cloning and functional analysis of each member of AUX/IAA gene family in Solanaceae crops. PMID:22314799
Wu, Jian; Peng, Zhen; Liu, Songyu; He, Yanjun; Cheng, Lin; Kong, Fuling; Wang, Jie; Lu, Gang
Croissance Par Epitaxie EN Phase Vapeur aux Organo - et Caracterisation des Heterostructures Contraintes a Base de Phosphur de Indium
Trois systemes heteroepitaxiaux a base de InP:InP\\/Si, InAs\\/InP et InAsP\\/InP ont ete fabriques par epitaxie en phase vapeur aux organo-metalliques (EPVOM)conventionelle. En plus l'epitaxie par couches atomiques (ECA) a ete utilisee pour fabriquer des puits quantiques ultra-minces et des superreseaux a courte periode InAs\\/InP. L'epitaxie de InP sur le silicium pose des problemes lies a un desaccord de maille de
Chuong Anh Tran
Cinetique de la nucleation binaire non-isotherme et de la condensation binaire aux conditions dynamiques
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La présente thèse est consacrée à la théorie de la condensation binaire. Premièrement, nous considérons la thermodynamique de la nucléation binaire, en nous concentrant sur l'énergie libre de formation d'une goutte et la distribution d'équilibre des gouttes, qui est essentielle pour la vitesse théorique de nucléation et dont le choix n'est toutefois pas unique. Une nouvelle distribution d'équilibre est proposée. Deuxièmement, nous développons la théorie cinétique de la nucléation binaire non-isotherme. Cette théorie traite de l'influence des effets thermiques sur la condensation binaire qui sont causés par la chaleur de condensation. Les molécules du mélange de vapeurs absorbées par une goutte de solution binaire lui transmettent de la chaleur de condensation, tandis que les molécules émises par la goutte lui enlèvent une telle chaleur. La température moyenne de la goutte s'accroît au fur et à mesure qu'elle grandit. Cet échauffement des gouttes croissantes diminue la vitesse de nucléation et influence d'autres caractéristiques du processus. Dans le cas où les chaleurs de condensation sont très petites par rapport à la fluctuation efficace de l'énergie d'une goutte l'équation cinétique peut être réduite à celle de Fokker et Planck. L'analyse de l'équation cinétique permet de déterminer la hiérarchie des échelles de temps de la nucléation binaire non-isotherme. Cela rend possible de séparer et décrire analytiquement l'étape de relaxation thermique pendant laquelle la distribution des gouttes selon la température s'approche d'une gaussienne, alors que leur distribution selon les nombres de molécules ne change guère. Finalement, nous étudions la condensation binaire isotherme aux conditions dynamiques. Dans ce cas la formation et la croissance des gouttes se passent en même temps que la métastabilité du mélange de vapeurs croît graduellement, atteint son maximum et décroît. C'est ainsi que la condensation binaire se passe le plus souvent dans la nature. Nous développons la théorie cinétique de ces processus pour les systèmes ouverts ainsi que pour les systèmes fermés (du point de vue de l'échange de matière entre le système où la condensation se passe et son environnement). Les deux sursaturations idéales que les vapeurs du mélange auraient eues en absence d'absorption de la substance par les gouttes sont déterminées par les conditions extérieures: la dépendance temporelle des sursaturations idéales est considérée comme donnée. De même, cette méthode permet de trouver la dépendance temporelle des sursaturations réelles des deux vapeurs et le nombre total de gouttes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Djikaev, Yuri
Etude de la microstructure d'un acier 316 titane apres vieillissement et apres irradiation aux neutrons
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La précipitation qui se produit lors de vieillissements de longue durée entre 450 et 700°C dans un acier 316 Ti soit hypertrempé soit écroui, a été étudiée en couplant les techniques de microscopic électronique et de microanalyse X. Pour les cas expérimentaux étudiés, les résultats obtenus montrent que la composition des carbures M 23C 6 et des phases ?, Laves et ? est peu sensible aux conditions de vieillissement et dépend également peu de l'état structural initial. Leur teneur en éléments principaux de l'alliage est d'ailleurs voisine de celle des phases précipitées dans l'acier non stabilisé. Excepté les carbures de type M 6C, toutes ces phases ont une teneur en nickel inférieure à celle de la matrice. Les premiers rérultats obtenus sur des matériaux irradiés aux neutrons montrent que la précipitation sous flux est différente de celle qui se produit dans l'acier vieilli. Les phases ?' et G ainsi que les carbures riches en nickel ont été observés. L'attention a été attirée sur le fait qu'il n'y a pas de corrélation simple entre la vitesse de gonflement et la teneuer résiduelle en nickel de la matrice.
Brun, G.; Le Naour, J.; Vouillon, M.
Etude microdosimetrique de l'influence des materiaux sur l'efficacite biologique d'une source d'iode-125
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cette these concerne les implants permanents pour la prostate. Les isotopes employes, le 103Pd et l'125I, semblent produire les memes resultats cliniques: le premier a cause d'une radiation plus efficace et le second a cause de sa demi-vie plus longue. La recherche utilise le cadre theorique de la microdosimetrie et des simulations Monte Carlo. Elle propose d'employer le spectre d'ejection dans le calcul de l'efficacite; ce changement fait passer l'efficacite relative du 103Pd de 10% a 5%. Elle montre ensuite qu'il est possible d'ameliorer l'efficacite de la radiation de 125I par l'exploitation des rayons X caracteristiques de la capsule. Une source amelioree faite de molybdene et d'yttrium est donnee en exemple. Elle procure une radiation de 5--7% plus efficace, ce qui surclasse les deux sources existantes. Les applications ne se limitent pas au traitement de la prostate; le traitement du melanome oculaire et la curietherapie endovasculaire pourraient en beneficier.
Taschereau, Richard
The Crown of Thorns (COTs) starfish is a natural predator of live corals. It was observed in unusually high numbers in the patch reef between Ile aux Cerfs and the fringing reef. This paper describes how Crown of Thorns infestation was effectively controlled by injection of dry acid in situ through diving without any adverse effect on the marine environment
V Mangar
Les managers de proximité et les changements : quels sont les difficultés, les rôles et les comportements des Chefs de groupe face aux changements organisationnels ?
Alors que les organisations sont de plus en plus souvent confrontées à des problématiques de changements, le taux de réussite de leur mise en oeuvre reste relativement faible. De par leur positionnement particulier dans l'organisation, les managers de proximité ont une incidence forte sur la réussite ou l'échec des changements. Or, la littérature consacrée aux changements ne traite que très
Jérémy Vignal
RAC GTPases in Tobacco and Arabidopsis Mediate Auxin-Induced Formation of Proteolytically Active Nuclear Protein Bodies That Contain AUX/IAA ProteinsW?
Auxin signaling relies on ubiquitin ligase SCFTIR1-mediated 26S proteasome-dependent proteolysis of a large family of short-lived transcription regulators, auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA), resulting in the derepression of auxin-responsive genes. We have shown previously that a subset of Rac GTPases is activated by auxin, and they in turn stimulate auxin-responsive gene expression. We show here that increasing Rac signaling activity promotes Aux/IAA degradation, whereas downregulating that activity results in the reduction of auxin-accelerated Aux/IAA proteolysis. Observations reported here reveal a novel function for these Rac GTPases as regulators for ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated proteolysis and further consolidate their role in auxin signaling. Moreover, our study reveals a cellular process whereby auxin induces and Rac GTPases mediate the recruitment of nucleoplasmic Aux/IAAs into proteolytically active nuclear protein bodies, into which components of the SCFTIR1, COP9 signalosome, and 26S proteasome are also recruited.
Tao, Li-zhen; Cheung, Alice Y.; Nibau, Candida; Wu, Hen-ming
Anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility of CeCu6-xAux near the quantum phase transition
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
We report on the low-temperature dc magnetic susceptibility of CeCu6-xAux(x=0.1) in very small fields B=100 ?T and 1 mT. For x=0.1, i.e. for the quantum critical concentration, we confirm the anomalous exponent ? of the susceptibility along the easy c-direction, ?c-1??+T? with ?=0.8 observed previously in moderate fields B=100 mT (see, A. Schröder, et al., Nature 407 (2000) 351). However, below 240 mK we see a clear additional contribution to ?c. At the lowest measuring temperature T=40 mK, the ratio ?c:?a:?b=4:1.5:1 of the susceptibility anisotropy is weaker than at higher T where the ratio is 10:2:1. This is caused by a steeper increase of ?a and ?b as compared to ?c.
Tomanic, T.; Hamann, A.; Löhneysen, H. v.
Conception et test d'un circuit integre (ASIC): application aux chambres multifils et aux photomultiplicateurs de l'experience GRAAL. (Conception and test of an integrated circuit (ASIC): application to multiwire chambers and photomultipliers of the GRAAL experience).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The nuclear physics project GRAAL (GRenoble Anneau Accelerateur Laser) located at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble produces a high energy photon beam with a maximum energy of 1.5 GeV. This gamma beam is obtained by Compton ba...
H. Bugnet
Diversification and Expression of the PIN, AUX/LAX, and ABCB Families of Putative Auxin Transporters in Populus
Intercellular transport of the plant hormone auxin is mediated by three families of membrane-bound protein carriers, with the PIN and ABCB families coding primarily for efflux proteins and the AUX/LAX family coding for influx proteins. In the last decade our understanding of gene and protein function for these transporters in Arabidopsis has expanded rapidly but very little is known about their role in woody plant development. Here we present a comprehensive account of all three families in the model woody species Populus, including chromosome distribution, protein structure, quantitative gene expression, and evolutionary relationships. The PIN and AUX/LAX gene families in Populus comprise 16 and 8 members respectively and show evidence for the retention of paralogs following a relatively recent whole genome duplication. There is also differential expression across tissues within many gene pairs. The ABCB family is previously undescribed in Populus and includes 20 members, showing a much deeper evolutionary history, including both tandem and whole genome duplication as well as probable gene loss. A striking number of these transporters are expressed in developing Populus stems and we suggest that evolutionary and structural relationships with known auxin transporters in Arabidopsis can point toward candidate genes for further study in Populus. This is especially important for the ABCBs, which is a large family and includes members in Arabidopsis that are able to transport other substrates in addition to auxin. Protein modeling, sequence alignment and expression data all point to ABCB1.1 as a likely auxin transport protein in Populus. Given that basipetal auxin flow through the cambial zone shapes the development of woody stems, it is important that we identify the full complement of genes involved in this process. This work should lay the foundation for studies targeting specific proteins for functional characterization and in situ localization.
Carraro, Nicola; Tisdale-Orr, Tracy Eizabeth; Clouse, Ronald Matthew; Knoller, Anne Sophie; Spicer, Rachel
The French Tsunami warning center for the Mediterranean and North-East Atlantic (CENtre d'ALerte aux Tsunamis, CENALT)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The CENALT (CENtre d'Alerte aux Tsunamis) is responsible for the French NTWC (National Tsunami Warning Center). This center was established through a project that was requested by the French Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Sustainable Development. It is implemented by the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), the French Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and is based in Bruyères-le-Châtel (30 km from Paris). This center is based on three main components: seismic network data, sea level network data, dissemination system and processing and analyzing softwares and is operating on a 24/7 basis. The CENALT has established scientific cooperation with 8 institutions and implemented and funded private leased lines to exchange data with institutions from 5 different European countries (Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia). The seismic data are processed with the Seiscomp 3 software. SHOM is working on making all French tide-gauge stations operated and available in real-time in 2012, and they installed 5 new tide gage stations. The tide gage data will be processed with a customized version of the Guitar (Gempa) software allowing the detection of tsunami signals, complemented by other softwares developed by the CEA. Historical tsunami databases (sources and observations) and earthquake databases, mostly based on available international databases, have been synthetized by CEA to produce information maps in real time, used to guide operators of permanence. Precomputed tsunami scenarios are implemented to build in real time maps of the highest tsunami impact expected in deep water. Along with an optimized tsunami modeling tool, these softwares help to define the areas where the tsunami may be observed and cause damage. The CENALT has been operating since early January 2012 as a pre-operational service and will be fully operational in July 2012. It is also ready to act as Candidate Watch Provider covering Western Mediterranean by July 2012.
Schindelé, F.; Bossu, R.; Alabrune, N.; Arnoul, P.; Duperray, P.; Gailler, A.; Guilbert, J.; Hébert, H.; Hernandez, B.; Loevenbruck, A.; Roudil, P.
Modèle multi-échelle du transport de fluide dans un milieu poreux chargé avec échanges cationiques : application aux tissus osseux
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
To better understand the bone diseases, many models of porous cortical bone have been developed to simulate its in vivo behaviour. Thus we proposed multiscale models including multiphysical phenomena governing the hydraulic response of bone. However, all these models neglected the possible ionic exchanges at the cellular level. Since such chemical reactions directly change the physico-chemical properties of the tissue, the interstitial flow is also modified. The aim of this study is so to include these ionic exchanges in the bone fluid transport description by deriving their consequences at the macroscale. To cite this article: J. Kaiser et al., C. R. Mecanique 337 (2009).
Kaiser, Joanna; Lemaire, Thibault; Naili, Salah; Sansalone, Vittorio
Bruit généré par un écoulement turbulent affleurant une cavité à faible nombre de Mach : application aux césures de portes automobiles
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Noise produced by turbulent grazing flow over a generic cavity representing car door cavities was measured in a semi-anechoic wind tunnel. Two cavities were studied: one 50 mm large (dimension perpendicular to the airflow), functioning as a Helmholtz resonator, reaching sound pressure levels of 136 dB at 1776 Hz, for a downstream velocity of 54 m/s. The other, of scale 250 mm could not be regarded as a Helmholtz resonator although resonance occurred at 1902 Hz, at a level of 125 dB, for the same velocity. In both cases, noise was caused by Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities in the mixing layer. To cite this article: A. Da Silva et al., C. R. Mecanique 337 (2009).
Da Silva, Arthur; Kribèche, Ali; Loredo, Alexandre
Developpement d'une methode des caracteristiques tridimensionnelle et application aux calculs de supercellules d'un reacteur CANDU
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The primary purpose of this study was to construct a new method for determining the cross section increments associated with the reactivity mechanisms in CANDU reactors. Based on the characteristics method, the module MCI is successfully developed and is ready to be integrated in the lattice code DRAGON. The module MCI utilizes non cyclic tracks in a three dimensional transport calculation. The characteristics method allows to resolve the same problems as the collision probabilities method but its main advantage relies on a substantial memory economy. The results of MCI module are similar to those of an EXCELL module in the CANDU-6 calculation scheme. The characteristics method is shown to be equivalent to the collision probability method for the finite domain. A new acceleration technique, the SCR (Self-Collision Rebalancing) technique, was developed using the equivalence of these two methods. When SCR is used with the one parameter variational acceleration method, the resolution converge faster than either of the two. The Tracks Merging Technique (TMT) is a new technique developed within this research to reduce the total number of tracks needed to cover the geometry of the problem studied. The TMT can be used on two levels: TMT-1 and TMT-2. We have observed a factor of four on the reduction of tracks when the TMT was used on the first level and a factor of forty when used on the second level. The TMT could be used without difficulty in the collision probability method. The MCI module was parallelized using the PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) library for distributed-memory environment. One of four options can be used in the parallel calculation: SPLT, ANGL, STRD and MCRB. Each of the four options is associated with a special load balancing strategy. In the first three options, the load is measured in number of tracks, in the fourth option, the load is dispatched in units of macroband.
Wu, Guang Jun
Présentation d'une technique 3D d'accélération de la recherche de rayons application aux télécommunications microcellulaires
Résumé Le développement des télécommunications avec les mobiles requiert l'implantation de nombreuses stations de base (BTS) afin\\u000a de couvrir les multiples cellules constituant un réseau. Les fréquences porteuses utilisées dans les réseaux actuels (GSM,\\u000a DCS), se situent dans la gamme des hyperfréquences. Afin d'optimiser le déploiement d'un ensemble de BTS, les opérateurs souhaitent\\u000a disposer d'outils informatiques rapides et performants permettant de
Mustapha Agunaou; Michel Stanislawiak; Phillipe Mariage; Pierre Degauque
Cet article analyse en détail le programme de crédit aux regroupements de petits exploitants mis en place par la Agricultural Development Bank (ADB) au Ghana dans la période 1969-1980. Avant 1969, la Banque n'avait pas réussi à actroyer du crédit aux millions de petits exploitants qui produisent la plus grande partie de l'Output agricole du pays. Á l'époque, le crédit
Kwame Opoku Owusu; William Tetteh
Gestion des ressources hydriques adaptee aux changements climatiques pour la production optimale d'hydroelectricite. Etude de cas: Bassin versant de la riviere Manicouagan
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Il est dorenavant etabli que les changements climatiques auront des repercussions sur les ressources en eau. La situation est preoccupante pour le secteur de production d'energie hydroelectrique, car l'eau constitue le moteur pour generer cette forme d'energie. Il sera important d'adapter les regles de gestion et/ou les installations des systemes hydriques, afin de minimiser les impacts negatifs et/ou pour capitaliser sur les retombees positives que les changements climatiques pourront apporter. Les travaux de la presente recherche s'interessent au developpement d'une methode de gestion des systemes hydriques qui tient compte des projections climatiques pour mieux anticiper les impacts de l'evolution du climat sur la production d'hydroelectricite et d'etablir des strategies d'adaptation aux changements climatiques. Le domaine d'etude est le bassin versant de la riviere Manicouagan situe dans la partie centrale du Quebec. Une nouvelle approche d'optimisation des ressources hydriques dans le contexte des changements climatiques est proposee. L'approche traite le probleme de la saisonnalite et de la non-stationnarite du climat d'une maniere explicite pour representer l'incertitude rattachee a un ensemble des projections climatiques. Cette approche permet d'integrer les projections climatiques dans le probleme d'optimisation des ressources en eau pour une gestion a long terme des systemes hydriques et de developper des strategies d'adaptation de ces systemes aux changements climatiques. Les resultats montrent que les impacts des changements climatiques sur le regime hydrologique du bassin de la riviere Manicouagan seraient le devancement et l'attenuation de la crue printaniere et l'augmentation du volume annuel d'apports. L'adaptation des regles de gestion du systeme hydrique engendrerait une hausse de la production hydroelectrique. Neanmoins, une perte de la performance des installations existantes du systeme hydrique serait observee a cause de l'augmentation des deversements non productibles dans le climat futur. Des strategies d'adaptation structurale ont ete analysees pour augmenter la capacite de production et la capacite d'ecoulement de certaines centrales hydroelectriques afin d'ameliorer la performance du systeme. Une analyse economique a permis de choisir les meilleures mesures d'adaptation et de determiner le moment opportun pour la mise en oeuvre de ces mesures. Les resultats de la recherche offrent aux gestionnaires des systemes hydriques un outil qui permet de mieux anticiper les consequences des changements climatiques sur la production hydroelectrique, incluant le rendement de centrales, les deversements non productibles et le moment le plus opportun pour inclure des modifications aux systemes hydriques. Mots-cles : systemes hydriques, adaptation aux changements climatiques, riviere Manicouagan
Haguma, Didier
High temperature thermoelectric properties of the type-I clathrate Ba8AuxSi46-x
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The thermoelectric properties of the type-I clathrate Ba8AuxSi46-x (4.10 <= x <= 6.10) were characterized from 300 to 700 K. Increasing the Au concentration leads to a transition from an n-type (x < 5.43) to a p-type (x >= 5.43) electrical conduction. The experimental data are well described by a single-parabolic-band model assuming a single scattering mechanism of the charge carriers in this temperature range. The lattice thermal conductivity, inferred from degeneracy-adjusted Lorenz numbers, is low regardless of the composition. However, the measured values are significantly lower in the p-type samples possibly due to a combination of a higher degree of disorder in the crystal structure at high Au contents and an enhanced phonon-charge carrier coupling. Even though high thermopower values are achieved, the high electrical resistivity remains the main obstacle to push the dimensionless figure of merit ZT (~0.2 at around 600 K for x = 5.59) beyond the level of the best Si-based clathrate compounds.
Candolfi, C.; Aydemir, U.; Baitinger, M.; Oeschler, N.; Steglich, F.; . Grin, Yu
Comparative Performance of the RapID Yeast Plus System and the API 20C AUX Clinical Yeast System
The performance of the RapID Yeast Plus System (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.), a 4-h micropanel using single-substrate enzymatic test reactions, was compared with that of the API 20C AUX Clinical Yeast System (bioMerieux Vitek, Hazelwood, Mo.), a 48- to 72-h carbohydrate assimilation panel. Two hundred twenty-five yeasts, yeast-like fungi, and algae, comprising 28 species and including 30 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, an important pathogen not tested in appreciable numbers in other comparisons, were tested by both methods. On initial testing, 196 (87.1%) and 215 (95.6%) isolates were correctly identified by the RapID and API systems, respectively. Upon repeat testing, the number of correctly identified isolates increased to 220 (97.8%) for the RapID system and 223 (99.1%) for the API system. Reducing the turbidity of the test inoculum to that of a no. 3 McFarland turbidity standard, which is below that recommended by the manufacturer, resulted in the correct identification of most of the isolates initially misidentified by the RapID system, including 10 of 30 C. neoformans isolates. Concordance between the RapID and API results after repeat testing was 97.3%.
Smith, Michael B.; Dunklee, Daisy; Vu, Hangna; Woods, Gail L.
197Au and125Te Mössbauer spectroscopic study on the low temperature phases of Ag3AuX2 (X=S, Se, and Te)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
197Au and125Te Mössbauer spectroscopy has been applied for the low-temperature ?-phases of Ag3AuX2 (X=S, Se, and Te). The values of I. S. and Q. S. for197Au suggest that the gold atoms, linearly coordinated by two chalcogen atoms in these phases, exist as monovalent cations. The125Te Mössbauer spectra suggest that the tellurium atoms are substantially ionic for both Ag2Te and Ag3AuTe2. The nature of X-Au-X bonds is discussed on the basis of the Mössbauer data and the bond distances.
Sakai, Hiroshi; Ando, Manabu; Maeda, Yutaka
Radiographie par rayons X à haute résolution de défauts topologiques en volume de structures modulées comparée aux neutrons en faisceau blanc
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Une émission de rayons X par un générateur à haute tension (plage : 50 - 410 kV) a été développée pour être utilisée avec un diffractomètre à rayons X durs et caractériser en volume des monocristaux. Le fort flux issu d'une installation de radiologie à foyer fin avec un grand pouvoir de pénétration en profondeur autorise l'étude d'échantillons très absorbants. Quelques exemples de l'utilisation de ces propriétés pour des échantillons épais et très absorbants sont présentés ; principalement l'analyse de contraintes et la topographie X projetée 2D dans des matériaux en comparaison avec l'information par la diffraction des neutrons. La diffraction à haute énergie apparaît dans la direction transmise, les angles de Bragg sont petits et ainsi les différentes lignes de réflexions sont réparties autour du faisceau principal. La presse uni-axiale utilisée pour les expériences est optimisée effectivement avec l'absence d'un bruit de fond dû à l'usage de fentes. L'optique des rayons X durs et neutrons appliquée aux échantillons épais donne une information complémentaire dans les expériences sur l'analyse de la densité volumétrique par la diffusion des rayons X et neutrons. On l'applique à des problèmes concernant des cristaux aux structures modulées étudiées sous des charges mécaniques et thermiques.
Fernandez Palacio, J.; Hamelin, B.; Marmeggi, J. C.
Analyse quantitative des foraminifères benthiques actuels de la marge atiantique marocaine entre Cap Draˆa et Cap Juby: reponses fauniques aux changements de l'environnement
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La population des foraminifères benthiques actuels de la marge atlantique marocaine, entre Cap Draˆa et Cap Juby, aétéétudiée dans 58 prélèvements parmi 430 répartis suivant un système de radiales perpendiculaireàla ligne de rivage. Quarante-sept espèces parmi 104 appartenantà58 genres et 28 familles ontétéreconnues. Les abondances absolues de chacune des espèces ontétécomparées dans les différents prélèvements ainsi que les indices biocénotiques (richesse spécifique, abondance, indice de pélagisme, nombre d'espèces benthiques enroulées, nombre d'espèces benthiques costulées) et les paramètres abiotiques (nature de substrat et profondeur). L'analyse factorielle des correspond ances, complétée par la classification hiérarchique et la projection des paramètres biotiques et abiotiques en tant que colonnes supplémentaires ont révéléclue la profondeur est le facteur principal de la distribution des espèces et des prélèvements. En effet, elle oppose les associations d'espèces infralittorales enroulées lisses aux associations d'espècesépibathyales rectilignes ornées, les espèces circalittorales occupent une position intermédiaire. Le facteur secondare correspondàla nature du substrat, oppose les associations d'espèces vasicoles aux associations d'espèces sabulicoles aussi bien celles de l'environnement infralittoral que celles de l'épibathyal.
Rezqi, H.; Oujidi, M.; Boutakiout, M.; Labraimi, M.
Endosidin1 defines a compartment involved in endocytosis of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 and the auxin transporters PIN2 and AUX1
Although it is known that proteins are delivered to and recycled from the plasma membrane (PM) via endosomes, the nature of the compartments and pathways responsible for cargo and vesicle sorting and cellular signaling is poorly understood. To define and dissect specific recycling pathways, chemical effectors of proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, especially through endosomes, would be invaluable. Thus, we identified chemicals affecting essential steps in PM/endosome trafficking, using the intensely localized PM transport at the tips of germinating pollen tubes. The basic mechanisms of this localized growth are likely similar to those of non-tip growing cells in seedlings. The compound endosidin 1 (ES1) interfered selectively with endocytosis in seedlings, providing a unique tool to dissect recycling pathways. ES1 treatment induced the rapid agglomeration of the auxin translocators PIN2 and AUX1 and the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 into distinct endomembrane compartments termed "endosidin bodies"; however, the markers PIN1, PIN7, and other PM proteins were unaffected. Endosidin bodies were defined by the syntaxin SYP61 and the V-ATPase subunit VHA-a1, two trans-Golgi network (TGN)/endosomal proteins. Interestingly, brassinosteroid (BR)-induced gene expression was inhibited by ES1 and treated seedlings displayed a brassinolide (BL)-insensitive phenotype similar to a bri1 loss-of-function mutant. No effect was detected in auxin signaling. Thus, PIN2, AUX1, and BRI1 use interactive pathways involving an early SYP61/VHA-a1 endosomal compartment.
Robert, Stephanie; Chary, S. Narasimha; Drakakaki, Georgia; Li, Shundai; Yang, Zhenbiao; Raikhel, Natasha V.; Hicks, Glenn R.
Communication presentee aux \\
This paper will present salient findings of a 5 year doctoral research on criminal career development among Maltese male youth. Although the original work addressed various aspects of criminal career development, this paper will highlight those aspects of the research findings that throw light on social exclusionary processes in Maltese society that contribute to criminality. The paper explores the criminal
Marilyn Clark
Relation between anomalous Hall effect and the Dzaloshisky-Moriya anisotropy in the series of (Ag1-xAux)0.9Mn0.1 alloys
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The influence of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) anisotropy on Rs??ex/M, where ?ex is the extraordinary Hall resistivity and M is the magnetization, is investigated in canonical spin glass (SG) alloys. The strength of the DM anisotropy in the alloys is changed systematically by doping the third non-magnetic impurities. The Hall resistivity ?H, the magnetization M and the resistivity ? were measured in the series of (Ag1-xAux)0.9Mn0.1 alloys with x=0, 0.007, 0.03, and 0.05. The difference between the values of zero field cooled and field cooled Rs, below the SG transition temperature, clearly increased with the amount of Au impurities. The dependence of the chirality contribution to Rs on the DM anisotropy is discussed in relation to the theoretical work for the chirality-driven anomalous Hall effect in weak coupling regime.
Yamanaka, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Yamazaki, T.; Ashitaka, N.; Morimoto, Y.; Tabata, Y.; Kawarazaki, S.
Elevated Seismic Activity Beneath the Slumbering Morne aux Diables Volcano, Northern Dominica and the Monitoring Role of the Seismic Research Centre
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Since June 2009, periods of elevated seismic activity have been experienced around the flanks of Morne Aux Diables Volcano in northern Dominica. This long-dormant volcano is a complex of 7 andesitic lava domes with a central depression where a cold soufrière is evident. Prior to this activity, seismicity was very quiet except for a short period in 2000 and an intense short-lived swarm in April 2003. The most recent earthquake activity has been regularly felt by residents in villages on all flanks of the complex. In Dec 09/Jan10, scientists from the Seismic Research Centre (SRC), based in Trinidad & Tobago, in collaboration with staff of the Office of Disaster Management (ODM) and Dominica Public Seismic Network (DPSN) improved the monitoring capacity around this volcano from 1 to 7 seismic stations. Earthquakes are determined to be volcano-tectonic in nature and located at shallow depths (<4 km) beneath the central depression. Additionally, in Jan/Feb 10 geothermal sampling was undertaken and 2 permanent GPS sites were deployed. Public information leaflets prepared by SRC scientists using a "Question & Answer" format have been distributed to concerned citizens whilst many public meetings were carried out by ODM staff. Field investigations indicate that the previous Late Pleistocene activity of Morne Aux Diables switched from Pelèan dome growth and gravitational collapse to more explosive pumice-falls and associated ignimbrites, both styles forming extensive pyroclastic fans around the central complex. The town of Portsmouth is located on one of these fans ~5 km southwest of the central depression. Sporadic, short bursts of seismic activity continue at the time of writing.
Watts, R. B.; Robertson, R. E.; Abraham, W.; Cole, P.; de Roche, T.; Edwards, S.; Higgins, M.; Johnson, M.; Joseph, E. P.; Latchman, J.; Lynch, L.; Nath, N.; Ramsingh, C.; Stewart, R. C.
Low-temperature thermoelectric, galvanomagnetic, and thermodynamic properties of the type-I clathrate Ba8AuxSi46-x
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Polycrystalline samples of the clathrate Ba8AuxSi46-x were synthesized for 0.2 ? x ? 10. The homogeneity range of the type-I clathrate phase was determined to be 3.63 ? x ? 6.10 after annealing at 900 °C, while a lower Au concentration (x ? 2.2) was obtained by steel-quenching. Quasisingle phase materials were obtained for 4.10 ? x ? 6.10. In this composition range, thermoelectric properties, including electrical resistivity, thermopower, and thermal conductivity, were investigated between 2 and 350 K. These experiments were complemented by low-temperature specific heat and Hall-effect measurements (2-300 K). First-principles calculations were carried out to determine the evolution of the electronic structure as a function of x. Both theoretical and experimental results evidence a progressive evolution, with the Au content, from a metallic-like behavior towards a highly doped semiconducting state which develops around x = 5.43. At this concentration, a crossover from n- to p-type conduction occurs, suggesting that the present system satisfies the Zintl-Klemm concept, which predicts a transition at x = 5.33. This crossover is traced by Hall-effect data indicating a dominant electronlike response for x ? 5.43, which turns into a holelike signal at higher x values. Analysis of the data based on a single-parabolic-band model under the assumption of a single scattering mechanism of the charge carriers proved to adequately describe the transport properties in the compositional range investigated. Interestingly, the temperature dependence of the lattice thermal conductivity is strongly influenced by the Au concentration: the typical behavior of crystalline insulators in the n-type compounds evolves into a glasslike dependence in the p-type samples. The series Ba8AuxSi46-x thus provides an excellent testing ground for the interplay between crystal structure, electronic properties, and lattice thermal conductivity in type-I clathrates.
Aydemir, U.; Candolfi, C.; Ormeci, A.; Oztan, Y.; Baitinger, M.; Oeschler, N.; Steglich, F.; Grin, Yu.
Travailleurs âgés, nouvelles technologies et changements organisationnels : un réexamen à partir de l'enquête « Reponse ». Suivi d'un commentaire de Luc Behaghel : emploi des seniors - Des effets du changement technologique aux recommandations
[fre] L'adoption par les entreprises d'innovations technologiques (micro-ordinateur, internet), de changements organisationnels ou leur ouverture au marché international posent la question de l'adaptation des travailleurs âgés (seniors) : les entreprises concernées évincent-elles plus souvent ou non les seniors de leur main-d'oeuvre ? L'analyse du stock d'emploi en 1998 confirme l'hypothèse d'un biais de ces changements défavorable aux seniors. Dans l'industrie
Patrick Aubert; Luc Behaghel; Sévane Ananian
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The DET/MPS programs model and simulate the Direct Energy Transfer and Multimission Spacecraft Modular Power System in order to aid both in design and in analysis of orbital energy balance. Typically, the DET power system has the solar array directly to the spacecraft bus, and the central building block of MPS is the Standard Power Regulator Unit. DET/MPS allows a minute-by-minute simulation of the power system's performance as it responds to various orbital parameters, focusing its output on solar array output and battery characteristics. While this package is limited in terms of orbital mechanics, it is sufficient to calculate eclipse and solar array data for circular or non-circular orbits. DET/MPS can be adjusted to run one or sequential orbits up to about one week, simulated time. These programs have been used on a variety of Goddard Space Flight Center spacecraft projects. DET/MPS is written in FORTRAN 77 with some VAX-type extensions. Any FORTRAN 77 compiler that includes VAX extensions should be able to compile and run the program with little or no modifications. The compiler must at least support free-form (or tab-delineated) source format and 'do do-while end-do' control structures. DET/MPS is available for three platforms: GSC-13374, for DEC VAX series computers running VMS, is available in DEC VAX Backup format on a 9-track 1600 BPI tape (standard distribution) or TK50 tape cartridge; GSC-13443, for UNIX-based computers, is available on a .25 inch streaming magnetic tape cartridge in UNIX tar format; and GSC-13444, for Macintosh computers running AU/X with either the NKR FORTRAN or AbSoft MacFORTRAN II compilers, is available on a 3.5 inch 800K Macintosh format diskette. Source code and test data are supplied. The UNIX version of DET requires 90K of main memory for execution. DET/MPS was developed in 1990. A/UX and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. VMS, DEC VAX and TK50 are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.
Jagielski, J. M.
Flight Test Technique Series - Volume 15. Introduction to Avionics Flight Test (Introduction aux Essais des Systemes D'armes).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This case study has demonstrated a couple of important points. First, the simple techniques described in the previous sections are useful for real world application and are adequate for a wide range of quick measurements. What some of the tests lack in pr...
J. M. Clifton
Loi n o 2005-370 du 22 avril 2005 relative aux droits des malades et à la fin de vie : application à un cas de polytraumatisme
The law number 2005-370 of April 22, 2005 concerning the patients' rights at the end of life imposes from now the refusal of futility of care, a shared decision-making in unconscious patients and the duty of a palliative strategy. We describe a case of polytrauma, for which the shared decision-making process led to a palliative strategy after initial aggressive life-support
K. Chedevergne; F. Cook; E. Scherrer; J. Marty; E. Ferrand
Cartographie de parametres forestiers par fusion evidentielle de donnees geospatiales multi-sources: Application aux peuplements forestiers en regeneration et feuillus matures du Sud du Quebec
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Foresters are faced with difficulties to obtain sub-polygon information with the mapping methods available nowadays. The main objective of this work consisted in the development of new methods able to improve the map accuracy of regenerating forest stands and mature forest stands in the South of Quebec, Canada. The Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) and the Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) showed their ability to integrate multiple heterogenous data sources to go further than the classical classification procedures like the maximum likelihood or the spectral unmixing, in terms of map accuracy. Improvement on the ability to map regenerating stands, passed from 82.7% with the maximum likelihood method to 91.1% with the Free DSm model with a total transfer of the mass of the "Union" class to the "Intersection" class (+ 8.4%). For the mature stands, the improvement passed from 63.8% with the K nearest neighbour to 79.5% with the DST according to a classical belief structuration and the hybrid decision rule for which the conflict threshold was fixed at 10% (+ 15.7%). Our results with DST and a bayesian belief structuration showed the difficulty to model the uncertainty in the fusion process. This is probably due to the lack of scientific knowledge about the influence of the biophysical and climatic parameters on the mapped forest stands and to the necessity to model specifically the uncertainty for each source. Our work showed concrete improvement when mapping forest stands with DST which is encouraging to continue explorating the fundamental principle of the proposed hybrid decision rule. This means a particular focus on the difference between the fused masses of each potential class after the fusion, to choose the best hypothesis. Keywords. forest mapping, Quebec, deciduous stands, regenerating stands, mature stands, data fusion, Dempster-Shafer Theory, Dezert-Smarandache Theory, hybrid decision rule
Mora, Brice
Generation d'impulsions breves utilisant la non-linearite associee aux porteurs de charge libres dans des semi-conducteurs
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dans cette these, nous utilisons la non-linearite associee aux porteurs de charge libres generes par absorption multi-photonique dans des semi-conducteurs pour produire des impulsions breves dans l'infrarouge moyen. Nous proposons d'abord la methode de generation par suppression de la transmission et auto-defocalisation, ou le faisceau incident a l'angle de Brewster genere les porteurs de charge libres, creant un profil d'indice qui defocalise le faisceau. L'impulsion resultante presente un temps de montee calque sur l'impulsion initiale, suivie d'une coupure abrupte. En polarisation TE, on obtient le decoupage par effet d'etalon ou le faisceau est incident sur un etalon oriente sur un minimum de transmission; le debut de l'impulsion est reflechi. Le changement d'indice accompagnant la creation de porteurs de charge libres syntonise la transmission de l'etalon et seule la partie centrale de l'impulsion est transmise. Enfin, le decoupage peut aussi s'effectuer en configuration pompe-sonde; un faisceau continu (sonde) est incident sur un etalon simultanement soumis a l'illumination d'une d'impulsion breve (pompe). Cette derniere genere des porteurs de charge libres, conduisant a un glissement de la frequence instantanee de la sonde. Le faisceau est envoye dans un filtre spectral qui ne transmet que la portion ayant subi un important glissement de frequence.
Richard, Isabelle
The auxin influx carriers AUX1 and LAX3 are involved in auxin-ethylene interactions during apical hook development in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.
Dark-grown dicotyledonous seedlings form a hook-like structure at the top of the hypocotyl, which is controlled by the hormones auxin and ethylene. Hook formation is dependent on an auxin signal gradient, whereas hook exaggeration is part of the triple response provoked by ethylene in dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. Several other hormones and light are also known to be involved in hook development, but the molecular mechanisms that lead to the initial installation of an auxin gradient are still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to unravel the cross-talk between auxin and ethylene in the apical hook. Auxin measurements, the expression pattern of the auxin reporter DR5::GUS and the localization of auxin biosynthesis enzymes and influx carriers collectively indicate the necessity for auxin biosynthesis and efficient auxin translocation from the cotyledons and meristem into the hypocotyl in order to support proper hook development. Auxin accumulation in the meristem and cotyledons and in the hypocotyl is increased approximately 2-fold upon treatment with ethylene. In addition, a strong ethylene signal leads to enhanced auxin biosynthesis at the inner side of the hook. Finally, mutant analysis demonstrates that the auxin influx carrier LAX3 is indispensable for proper hook formation, whereas the auxin influx carrier AUX1 is involved in the hook exaggeration phenotype induced by ethylene. PMID:20110325
Vandenbussche, Filip; Petrásek, Jan; Zádníková, Petra; Hoyerová, Klára; Pesek, Bedrich; Raz, Vered; Swarup, Ranjan; Bennett, Malcolm; Zazímalová, Eva; Benková, Eva; Van Der Straeten, Dominique
Cartographie de l'elevation de l'interface eau douce-eau salee aux iles-de-la-madeleine par la methode electromagnetique transitoire (TEM)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This research project is dedicated to mapping the elevation of the freshwater-saltwater interface in Magdalen Islands using the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) in order to monitor time-varying quality of groundwater tables. Seventy-three TEM soundings were conducted between May 2010 and June 2011 close to Well regions in Fatima, Étang-du-Nord, Havre-Aux-Maisons, Grande-Entrée and Grosse-Île. TEM soundings were carried out with loops of 50 m x 50 m and 60 m x 40 m x 2 turns except some surveys of 100 m x 100 m. To control water quality and help constrain the interpretation of TEM soundings, conductivity logs were made in four previous exploration wells and fifteen wells drilled in 2009. Results show that saline water is associated with a low resistivity level between 2 and 4 ?.m and its elevation ranges from -40 m at Grand-Entrée and more than -250 m at Havre-Aubert. In Étang-du-Nord east, Fatima east and Grande-Entrée, saline water is shallow near shore and plunges inward as expected by the Ghyben Herzberg relation. These three areas have been identified to achieve the time-lapse monitoring of groundwater because of the risk associated with the proximity of wells in operation and the low elevation of saline water. Fatima center area close to FAT03 and FAT07 soundings and Havre-Aux-Maisons showed inconsistent results with the hydrogeological model, further work is recommended to verify the origin of the conductive areas highlighted. However, the results of the interpretation of areas at Havre-Aubert and Grosse-Île did not show a risk of contamination due to the depth of saline water. Modeling of the transition zone between the freshwater aquifer and the saline groundwater has demonstrated that it was difficult to solve it for thicknesses below 10 m and 30 m to depths of 40 and 130 m respectively. If the resistivity of the transition zone is known, the resolution is improved (5 and 10 m respectively). TEM soundings showed negative responses at late time associated with induced polarization (IP) effects. The inversion results of TEM soundings affected by this effect have shown that this dispersion most likely originates from near-surface layers. Chargeabilities ranging from 0.8 to 0.9 were obtained on the TEM soundings processed. The origin of this chargeability is currently unknown but could be related to the presence of fine material (clay). IP effect has not prevented determination of the saline water to a maximum depth of 250 m. The laboratory tests on core samples were unfortunately not able to determine the relationship between resistivity and water resistivity of saturated red sandstone. Immersion of cores in deionized water failed to eliminate the salt present in it. For time-varying monitoring of groundwater, we recommend performing drilling through the interface between freshwater and saltwater on selected areas, to conduct conductivity logs to fully characterize the level of this interface, to install multiparameter probes (conductivity, temperature, pressure) in monitoring wells located at different levels and to locate sites of TEM soundings in the vicinity that will be used to monitor the groundwater.
Madani, Abdelhamid
Etude Numerique et Analytique de la Permittivite et de la Permeabilite Equivalentes des Materiaux Non-Homogenes. Application a la Caracterisation Electromagnetique Experimentale des Composites (Numerical and Analytical Study of the Equivalent Permittivity or Permeability of Nonhomogeneous Materials. Application to the Experimental Electromagnetic Characterization of Composites).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A method to infer a general formulation for the real part of the equivalent permittivity in the case of large wavelengths is presented. In the general cases of flat dielectric multilayers, a numerical method is described. It is based on multiplying the ma...
B. Guillou
Transposition des processus membranaires biologiques aux traitements des effluents métallifères peu chargés. Conception et étude chimique d'une pompe ionique uranifère. Transport, contre-transport, couplage positif
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
An ionic pump has been devided thanks to au "liquid-liquid" extraction-reextration where the extraction compartment and the reextraction compartment are put in contact with one another through the membrane composed of an mediator diluted in the kerosene. We have applied this process to the system: uranyle nitrate, nitric acid-phosphate tributyle, kerosene-sodium carbonate. Interesting performances have been realised for diluted solutions (100 ppm). The chemicals parameters has allowed to obtain the variables giving the extraction and reextraction efficiency optimum. A chemical modelisation has allowed to identify the extraction mechanism. The classical behaviour obtained in agitated surroundings has been found again. The membrane can work thanks to the "activation" by the solute of the carrier at one interface and to the "deactivation" at the other interface, both of these mechanisms of the active transport creating a real "ionic pumping". Une pompe ionique est mise au point grâce à une ensemble "extraction-réextraction" "liquide-liquide" où le compartiment extraction et le compartiment réextraction sont mis en contact par l'intermédiaire d'une membrane contenant un transporteur dilué dans le kérosène. Ce procédé est appliqué aux ions uranyles. Des rendements intéressants sont obtenus pour des solutions diluées (100 ppm). L'étude des variables a permis de déterminer des paramètres chimiques donnant des rendements d'extraction et de réextration optimum. Le comportement symétrique des deux compartiments montre que nous avons un transport, contre-transport, couplage positif. Une modélisation chimique a permis d'identifier les mécanismes d'extraction. Le comportement classique obtenu en milieu agité est retrouvé. La pompe peut fonctionner grâce à l'activation du transporteur par le cosoluté contenu dans le compartiment d'extraction et à la désactivation à la sortie de la membrane par le cosoluté contenu dans le compartiment réextraction créant un pompage ionique.
Hasaine-Sadi, F.; Benhassaine, A.; Ait-Amar, H.
Size and concentration effects in the optical properties of alloyed (AuxAg1 - x)n and core-shell (NixAg1 - x)n embedded clusters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Optical properties of mixed clusters (AuxAg 1 - x)n and (NixAg 1 - x)n, produced by laser vaporization and embedded in an alumina matrix, are reported. The size effects are investigated for different concentrations (x = 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) in the diameter range 2-4 nm. For alloyed clusters (AuxAg 1 - x)n of a given size an almost linear evolution of the surface plasmon frequency ?s with the concentration is observed (between those of pure gold and pure silver clusters). Moreover the blue-shift and the damping of the resonance with decreasing size is all the more important as the gold concentration in the particles increases. Such results are in agreement with theoretical calculations carried out in the frame of the time-dependent local-density-approximation (TDLDA) including an inner skin of ineffective screening and the porosity of the matrix. The optical response of (NixAg 1 - x)n clusters exhibits a surface plasmon resonance in the same spectral range as the one observed for pure silver clusters, but considerably damped and broadened. For a given mean cluster size 3.0 nm, a blue-shift of the resonance is observed when increasing the nickel concentration (between x = 0.25 and x = 0.75). The results are in good qualitative agreement with classical predictions in the dipolar approximation, assuming a core-shell geometry.
Gaudry, M.; Lermé, J.; Cottancin, E.; Pellarin, M.; Prével, B.; Treilleux, M.; Mélinon, P.; Rousset, J.-L.; Broyer, M.
Developpement d'un compresseur d'hydrogene base sur le cyclage thermique des hydrures metalliques
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La compression de l'hydrogene est une etape incontournable de son utilisation dans l'industrie actuelle et dans les nouvelles applications energetiques de l'hydrogene (stockage stationnaire et transport). Les compresseurs mecaniques traditionnellement utilises posent plusieurs problemes d'ingenierie, de securite et de maintenance qui pourraient etre contournes en developpant de nouvelles technologies mieux adaptees a l'hydrogene. Dans cette these, notre objectif est de developper d'un compresseur d'hydrogene base sur les hydrures metalliques pouvant etre connecte a la sortie d'un electrolyseur fonctionnant a basse pression et d'ainsi repondre au besoin de productioncompression d'hydrogene decentralisee. La methodologie du projet comprend plusieurs etapes. Premierement, nous faisons la revue bibliographique des projets impliquant des compresseurs a hydrures metalliques. Deuxiemement, a travers des travaux experimentaux, nous recherchons des hydrures permettant une compression efficace entre 20 et 80°C. Les materiaux sont synthetises par fusion a arc electrique et caracterises sur bancs d'essais d'hydrogenation. La structure de certains materiaux est aussi investiguee par rayons X, methode de B.E.T. et microscopie electronique. Troisiemement, un reacteur d'hydrures est concu de maniere a promouvoir des echanges de chaleur rapides et efficaces. Quatriemement, le prototype et son interface de controle sont construits. Cinquiemement, le compresseur est caracterise pour en evaluer les performances en termes de debit et de capacite. Les resultats obtenus sont presentes dans trois articles publies et dans le chapitre 5 de cette these. Le compresseur (article I) est base sur trois hydrures (LaNi 4.8Sn0.2, LaNi5 et MMNi4.7Al0.3 ). Celui-ci permet d'atteindre un debit de compression de 10 a 20 L d'hydrogene par heure et son efficacite est, estimee a ˜5% par rapport a un compresseur adiabatique ideal. Il a ete demontre que l'efficacite pourrait etre augmentee en utilisant un seul hydrure et en choisissant une temperature plus elevee pour la desorption (150°C). Un hydrure ABS (LaNi4.8Sn0.2) a ete soumis a 1000 cycles d'hydrogenation (article II). Sa structure et ses performances thermodynamiques et cinetiques ont ete mesurees avant et apres le cyclage. La capacite d'absorption a diminue de 0.02 H-pds%. Les particules d'hydrure ont diminue de taille sans changement apparent de leur structure cristalline. Le maintien des performances de cet hydrure apres cyclage en fait un excellent materiau pour les applications thermodynamiques. Nous avons effectue des simulations du reacteur d'hydrures utilise dans le compresseur. Celui-ci comporte une mousse d'aluminium qui est modelisee sous forme d'une cavite spherique (article III). Les performances modelisees sont comparables aux mesures obtenues et ce modele devient donc un outil de developpement pour de nouveaux reservoirs. D'apres cette etude, notre reacteur fonctionne de maniere optimale. Les performances du compresseur (chapitre 5) dependent des choix des temperatures et pressions a l'entree et a la sortie. La duree d'un cycle permettant l'absorption de la pleine capacite des materiaux est de ˜20 min mais en diminuant cette duree a <10 minutes un debit plus eleve 15-20 L/heure peut etre obtenu au detriment de l'efficacite. Le compresseur construit fonctionne bien mais il comporte des limitations clairement identifiees: pertes de chaleur dans la tuyauterie et les fixations des reacteurs. Le rejet thermique d'un electrolyseur est suffisant pour comprimer l'hydrogene qu'il produit d'un facteur 20:1 avec un compresseur a hydrure.
Laurencelle, Francois
Une introduction aux subventions intergouvernementales
The principal aim of our paper is to provide a primer on the foundations of the theory of intergovernmental grants, suitable for newcomers to this active field of research. In addition, we provide a selective survey of recent theoretical papers on grants, focusing particularly on non-cooperative games between different levels of government in a federal system. The sections of the
Tracy Snoddon; Jean-François Wen
Mise au point de l'analyse par spectrometrie a decharge luminescente des surfaces non-planes. Application aux gainages en zircaloy 4. (Analysis refinement by glow discharge spectrometry of non-flat surfaces. Application to zircaloy 4 cladding).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Glow discharge spectrometry has been used by this Department for the lest fifteen years or so in order to determine surface concentration profiles of metallic equipment elements. This method, which is used to define the characteristics of surface layers, ...
F. Schwoehrer
Les materiaux ceramiques et les monocristaux, montrant un comportement ferro- ´electrique, sont utilises dans des nombreuses applications dans l'´electronique et l'optique. Un cristal est ferroelectrique s'il a une polarisation spontanee dont on peut inverser le sens ou l'orientation par l'application d'un champelectrique plus grand que le champ coercif. Un grand nombre d'applications des ceramiques ferroelectriques exploitentegalement des proprietes comme celles
Marius Paicu; Aida Timofte
Ampleur et impact des ?v?nements ind?sirables graves li?s aux soins: ?tude d'incidence dans un h?pital du Centre-Est tunisien
Introduction La prévention des événements indésirables représente une priorité de santé du fait de leur fréquence et de leur gravité potentielle. Ce travail a été mené afin d'avoir un diagnostic de la situation épidémiologique relative aux événements indésirables survenant dans notre hôpital. Méthodes Une étude prospective a été menée auprès de tous les patients qui ont été hospitalisés au CHU Farhat Hached - Sousse (Tunisie) sur une période d'un mois dans quatorze services de l'hôpital. La détection d'évènement indésirable grave (EIG) était basée sur les critères adoptés dans différentes études. Les tests T et Chi 2 ont été utilisés pour identifier les facteurs contribuant à l'apparition d'évènements indésirables. Résultats Au total, 162 EIG ont été identifiés pendant la période. 45% de ces évènements étaient des infections nosocomiales. Ces EIG ont eu comme conséquences un décès chez 9,2% des patients, la mise en jeu du pronostic vital de 26% des patients et la prolongation de la durée de séjour chez 61,7% d'entre eux. L'admission dans des circonstances particulières et l'exposition à des soins invasifs étaient identifiés comme des facteurs de risque potentiels EIG. Conclusion Le renforcement de la stratégie de gestion des risques sanitaires en ciblant préférentiellement le risque infectieux constitue une étape fondamentale dans l'amélioration de la sécurité des patients au sein de notre établissement de santé.
Bouafia, Nabiha; Bougmiza, Iheb; Bahri, Fathi; Letaief, Mondher; Astagneau, Pascal; Njah, Mansour
Developpement de mesures non destructives, par ondes ultrasonores, d'epaisseurs de fronts de solidification dans les reacteurs metallurgiques
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dans les cuves d'electrolyse d'aluminium, le milieu de reaction tres corrosif attaque les parois de la cuve, ce qui diminue leur duree de vie et augmente les couts de production. Le talus, qui se forme sous l'effet des pertes de chaleur qui maintiennent un equilibre thermique dans la cuve, sert de protection naturelle a la cuve. Son epaisseur doit etre controlee pour maximiser cet effet. Advenant la resorption non voulue de ce talus, les degats generes peuvent s'evaluer a plusieurs centaines de milliers de dollars par cuve. Aussi, l'objectif est de developper une mesure ultrasonore de l'epaisseur du talus, car elle serait non intrusive et non destructive. La precision attendue est de l'ordre du centimetre pour des mesures d'epaisseurs comprenant 2 materiaux, allant de 5 a 20 cm. Cette precision est le facteur cle permettant aux industriels de controler l'epaisseur du talus de maniere efficace (maximiser la protection des parois tout en maximisant l'efficacite energetique du procede), par l'ajout d'un flux thermique. Cependant, l'efficacite d'une mesure ultrasonore dans cet environnement hostile reste a demontrer. Les travaux preliminaires ont permis de selectionner un transducteur ultrasonore a contact ayant la capacite a resister aux conditions de mesure (hautes temperatures, materiaux non caracterises...). Differentes mesures a froid (traite par analyse temps-frequence) ont permis d'evaluer la vitesse de propagation des ondes dans le materiau de la cuve en graphite et de la cryolite, demontrant la possibilite d'extraire l'information pertinente d'epaisseur du talus in fine. Fort de cette phase de caracterisation des materiaux sur la reponse acoustique des materiaux, les travaux a venir ont ete realises sur un modele reduit de la cuve. Le montage experimental, un four evoluant a 1050 °C, instrumente d'une multitude de capteurs thermique, permettra une comparaison de la mesure intrusive LVDT a celle du transducteur, dans des conditions proches de la mesure industrielle. Mots-cles : Ultrasons, CND, Haute temperature, Aluminium, Cuve d'electrolyse.
Floquet, Jimmy
Les recommandations de prise en charge des complications m?taboliques associ?es aux antipsychotiques de deuxi?me g?n?ration chez les enfants et les adolescents
HISTORIQUE : Les antipsychotiques de deuxième génération s'associent souvent à des complications métaboliques. Ces médicaments sont utilisés plus souvent pour le traitement des troubles de santé mentale chez les enfants, ce qui a requis l'élaboration de lignes directrices officielles sur la surveillance de leur innocuité et de leur efficacité. Des lignes directrices ont déjà été élaborées pour surveiller les complications métaboliques et neurologiques. Afin d'aider les praticiens qui effectuent ces interventions de surveillance, une série de recommandations thérapeutiques complémentaires a été élaborée pour les cas où l'on observe des mesures ou des résultats anormaux. OBJECTIF : Créer des recommandations probantes afin de contribuer à la prise en charge des complications métaboliques chez les enfants traités au moyen d'antipsychotiques de deuxième génération. MÉTHODOLOGIE : Les auteurs ont procédé à une analyse systématique des publications sur les complications métaboliques des antipsychotiques de deuxième génération chez les enfants. Les membres du groupe consensuel ont évalué l'information recueillie grâce à l'analyse bibliographique systématique et ont fait appel à un processus de groupe nominal pour parvenir à un consensus à l'égard de recommandations thérapeutiques. Dans la mesure du possible, ils se sont reportés aux lignes directrices existantes sur l'évaluation et le traitement des anomalies métaboliques chez les enfants. RÉSULTATS : Des recommandations probantes sont présentées pour contribuer à la prise en charge des complications métaboliques, y compris la prise de poids, l'augmentation du tour de taille, l'élévation des taux de prolactine, de cholestérol, de triglycérides et de glucose, les épreuves de fonction hépatique anormales et les études thyroïdiennes anormales. CONCLUSION : Il faut recourir à des mesures de surveillance convenables lorsqu'on prescrit des antipsychotiques de deuxième génération. Les présentes lignes directrices thérapeutiques orientent les cliniciens quant à la prise en charge clinique des complications métaboliques lorsqu'elles se produisent.
Ho, Josephine; Panagiotopoulos, Constadina; McCrindle, Brian; Grisaru, Silviu; Pringsheim, Tamara
Utilisation de la teledetection, des SIG et de l'intelligence artificielle pour determiner le niveau de susceptibilite aux mouvements de terrain: Application dans les Andes de la Bolivie
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The socio-economic impact of mass movements for our society is getting more and more serious. The loss of lives and economic losses are now ten times greater than they were at the beginning of the decade. In the hope of reducing these impacts, it is essential to adopt a preventive policy that will encourage mapping of mass movement susceptibility level (MMSL) in critical zones. However, this task is complex and only experts using present techniques can provide satisfactory results. To make possible the production of these maps by a larger number of individuals, we have developed an expert system called EXPERIM that uses remote sensing data and geographic information systems to facilitate the complex tasks without requiring the user to be highly competent in this field of study. This thesis presents the results obtained from a complete strategy developed for a region surrounding Cochabamba, Bolivia. The operational expert system prototype will soon be integrated within the watershed management program directed by the local executing organisation PROMIC. The knowledge acquisition and its expression in concrete terms constitute the principal axis of this research, while the results obtained are the heart of the EXPERIM expert system. These strategic steps aim to establish a knowledge base of data and rules that describe field conditions for each MMSL. We have been able to extract this information by using binary discriminant analysis of a MMSL map produced by an expert for a pilot zone called Cuenca Taquina, which is geoecologically representative of the 38 neighbouring watersheds. Using this technique, we were able to establish a sensitivity model that recreates the expert's map with a success rate of 89% and 78% when two or three MMS levels are used. Based on a detailed analysis of the susceptibility model it was evident that stability conditions are the result of the topographic, geologic and geomorphologic environments. The level of susceptibility was found to be independent of the vegetation condition. In order to apply the model to the surrounding watersheds, we integrated remotely sensed data within the spatial database to map the presence/absence of five essential geoecological units required by the susceptibility model. This was done using a hierarchical classification method. Three sensors were evaluated: Landsat, SPOT and RADARSAT. In the elaboration of this specific step, we evaluated the most efficient spectral band combinations within each image and between images for each of the five geoecological units. For each of the land cover types, the analysis shows that LANDSAT constitutes the most powerful sensor to map these units and that image fusion does not provide significantly better results when compared to the extra amount of work that this requires. Using remote sensing data instead of field data or airphotograph interpretation in watersheds where only topographic data are available decreases the level of accuracy by less than 10%.
Peloquin, Stephane
Thermoelectric Properties of Au- Containing Type-I Clathrates Ba8AuxGa16-3xGe30+2x
Type I clathrates, with compositions based on Ba8Ga16Ge30, are a class of promising thermoelectric materials due to their intrinsically low thermal conductivity. It has been demonstrated previously that the thermoelectric performance can be improved by transition metal substitution of the framework atoms. In this study, the effects of Au substitution for Ga/Ge on thermal and electrical transport properties of type I clathrate compounds have been investigated. Polycrystalline samples with a large range of Au content have been synthesized using conventional solid state techniques with the actual compositions of resulting materials approximately following Zintl-Klemm rules. The charge carrier type changes from electrons (n) to holes (p) as the Au content increases. The Seebeck coefficient (S) and power factor (S2/ where is the electrical resistivity) were improved by Au substitution and the resulting overall thermoelectric properties were enhanced by Au substitution with a thermoelectric figure of merit ZT ~ 0.63 at temperature T = 740 K for the composition Ba8Au5.47Ge39.96. The results presented herein show that Au-containing type I clathrates are promising p-type thermoelectric materials for high temperature applications.
Ye, Zuxin [Optimal Inc., Plymouth, Michigan 48170, USA] [Optimal Inc., Plymouth, Michigan 48170, USA; Cho, Jung Young [Optimal Inc., Plymouth, Michigan 48170, USA] [Optimal Inc., Plymouth, Michigan 48170, USA; Tessema, Misle M. [Optimal Inc., Plymouth, Michigan 48170, USA] [Optimal Inc., Plymouth, Michigan 48170, USA; Salvador, James R. [General Motors, Global Research and Development] [General Motors, Global Research and Development; Waldo, Richard A. [General Motors, Global Research and Development] [General Motors, Global Research and Development; Yang, Jihui [University of Washington] [University of Washington; Wang, Hsin [ORNL] [ORNL; Cai, Wei [ORNL] [ORNL; Kirkham, Melanie J [ORNL] [ORNL; Yang, Jiong [Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)] [Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Zhang, Wenqing [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS)] [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS)
Aerogel materials possess a wide variety of exceptional properties, hence a striking number of applications have developed for them. Many of the commercial applications of aerogels such as catalysts, thermal insulation, windows, and particle detectors are under development and new applications have been publicized since the ISA4 Conference in 1994: e.g., supercapacitors, insulation for heat storage in automobiles, electrodes for
Lawrence W. Hrubesh
Formation Stellaire Aux Échelles Des Galaxies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Star Formation is at the very core of the evolution of galaxies. From their gas reservoir (filled by infall or fusions), stars form at the "Star Formation Rate" (SFR), with an enormous impact on many aspects of the evolution of galaxies. This HDR presents first the formalism concerning star formation (SFR, IMF), some theoretical suggestions on physical processes that may affect star formation on various galactic scales, and the methods used to determine the SFR from observations. A large part is dedicated to the "Star Formation Laws" (e.g. Schmidt law) on various scales (local, radial, and global law). Finally, the last part concerns the largest scales (evolution of the "cosmic" SFR and effect of the environment).
Boissier, S.
Comportement au Feu des Materiaux Aeronautiques (Fire Behavior of Aeronautical Materials).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A set of graphics that introduce the aeronautical problems of toxicity and safety linked to fire in an aircraft and the combustion of aircraft construction materials are presented. Materials currently used, their certification, and present solutions to th...
B. Costes C. Kuras B. Carriere
Comportement de quelques materiaux envisageables dans un reacteur nucleaire a sels fondus
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This work presents a set of experiments aimed at an evaluation of the behaviour of different materials in contact with liquid or solid media likely to be encountered in a molten salt nuclear reactor. The main results are as follows: graphite can be used to build test loops working for thousands of hours in the presence of molten fluorides; low-alloyed steels may be used in the presence of solid fluorides without risk of severe corrosion; the simultaneous presences of carbon materials and metallic alloys in contact with molten fluorides may give rise to mass transfers; no noticeable galvanic coupling effect is observed at 550°C between liquid lead and steels in the presence of molten fluorides; the phenomena involved in the wetting of steels in contact simultaneously with liquid lead and molten fluorides develop with time, though it seems that at equilibrium a steel surface is wetted more by lead than by fluorides.
Broc, M.; Fauvet, P.; Sannier, J.; Santarini, G.
Determination des diffusivites thermiques des materiaux anisotropes par methode flash bidirectionnelle
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The topic of this study is to show that the flash method, originally designed for measuring thermal diffusivities of isotropic solids, can be extented to anisotropic media. For multilayered solids in thin plates samples (multilayered composite material for example), it is not possible to measure thermal diffusivities in the layers plane using the " standard " flash method. Experimental measurement of two thermograms on the back face of the sample, allows, by a comparison with a theoretical model, simultaneous identification of radial and axial diffusivities (partial time moments method). An experimental setup has been built and the method has been tested on isotropic samples of different diffusivities. Results about composites slabs (KevlarEpoxy) are also presented. Le but de cette étude est de montrer que la méthode " flash " originellement utilisée pour la mesure de la diffusivité thermique de matériaux isotropes, peut être étendue à la mesure des diffusivités thermiques de matériaux anisotropes. Dans le cas de matériaux anisotropes se présentant sous forme de plaques de faibles épaisseurs (composite multicouche par exemple), il n'est pas possible de mesurer la diffusivité thermique dans le plan des plaques par la méthode, flash classique. Deux thermogrammes relevés sur la face opposée à l'impulsion permettent, par une comparaison à un modèle analytique d'identifier simultanément les deux diffusivités axiale (perpendiculaire au plan de l'échantillon) et radiale (dans le plan de l'échantillon), par la méthode des moments temporels partiels. Une installation a été développée et validée. Des résultats obtenus sur des composites Kevlar-Epoxy sont présentés.
Lachi, M.; Degiovanni, A.
Composite Materials. Silicon Carbide Reinforced Aluminum Materiaux Composites Aluminium Carbure de Silicium Rapport Final.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The manufacturing techniques and properties of silicon carbide reinforced aluminum are presented. Two techniques are proposed: fluid Al infiltration in a bundle of fibers; and colaminating of a set of fibers between two Al sheets. In both cases the SiC fi...
Marcha Cantagre
Comportement des materiaux cimentaires: Actions des sulfates et de la temperature
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The research work presented in this Ph.D. thesis is related to the nuclear waste underground repository concept. Concrete could be used in such a repository, and would be subjected to variations of temperature in presence of sulfate, a situation that could induce expansion of concrete. The research was lead in three parts: an experimental study of the possibility of an internal sulfate attack on mortars; an experimental study and modeling of the chemical equilibriums of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O 3-SO-H2O system; and a modeling of the mechanisms of internal and external sulfate attacks, and the effect of temperature. The results show that mortars can develop expansions after a steam-cure during hydration, but also when a long steam-cure is applied to one-year-old mortars, which is a new point. Ettringite precipitation can be considered as responsible for these expansions. The experimental study of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O 3-SO3-H2O system clarified the role of Calcium Silicate Hydrates (C-S-H) on chemical equilibriums of cementitious materials. Sulfate sorption on C-S-H has been studied in detail. The quantity of sulfate bound to the C-S-H mainly depends on the sulfate concentration in solution, on the Ca/Si ratio of the C-S-H and is not significantly influenced by temperature. Aluminium inclusion in the C-S-H seems to be a significant phenomenon. Temperature increases the calcium sulfoaluminate solubilities and thus increases sulfates concentration in solution. A modeling of the chemical system is proposed. Simulations of external sulfate attack (15 mmol/L of Na2SO 4) predict ettringite precipitation at 20 and 85°C. Simulation of internal sulfate attack was performed at a local scale (a hydrated cement grain). An initial inhomogeneity can lead, after a thermal curing at 85°C, to ettringite precipitation in zones originally free from ettringite. This new-formed ettringite could be the origin of the expansions.
Barbarulo, Remi
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Viewgraphs on commercial applications of fuzzy logic in Japan are presented. Topics covered include: suitable application area of fuzzy theory; characteristics of fuzzy control; fuzzy closed-loop controller; Mitsubishi heavy air conditioner; predictive fuzzy control; the Sendai subway system; automatic transmission; fuzzy logic-based command system for antilock braking system; fuzzy feed-forward controller; and fuzzy auto-tuning system.
Togai, Masaki
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This Hyperphysics page provides information about 12 different laser applications, including those in the everyday world, in industry, and in research. Some topics are treated in a single paragraph, whereas others link to a different webpage with much more content. Some illustrations are provided.
Nave, Carl R.
Methodes iteratives paralleles: Applications en neutronique et en mecanique des fluides
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dans cette these, le calcul parallele est applique successivement a la neutronique et a la mecanique des fluides. Dans chacune de ces deux applications, des methodes iteratives sont utilisees pour resoudre le systeme d'equations algebriques resultant de la discretisation des equations du probleme physique. Dans le probleme de neutronique, le calcul des matrices des probabilites de collision (PC) ainsi qu'un schema iteratif multigroupe utilisant une methode inverse de puissance sont parallelises. Dans le probleme de mecanique des fluides, un code d'elements finis utilisant un algorithme iteratif du type GMRES preconditionne est parallelise. Cette these est presentee sous forme de six articles suivis d'une conclusion. Les cinq premiers articles traitent des applications en neutronique, articles qui representent l'evolution de notre travail dans ce domaine. Cette evolution passe par un calcul parallele des matrices des PC et un algorithme multigroupe parallele teste sur un probleme unidimensionnel (article 1), puis par deux algorithmes paralleles l'un mutiregion l'autre multigroupe, testes sur des problemes bidimensionnels (articles 2--3). Ces deux premieres etapes sont suivies par l'application de deux techniques d'acceleration, le rebalancement neutronique et la minimisation du residu aux deux algorithmes paralleles (article 4). Finalement, on a mis en oeuvre l'algorithme multigroupe et le calcul parallele des matrices des PC sur un code de production DRAGON ou les tests sont plus realistes et peuvent etre tridimensionnels (article 5). Le sixieme article (article 6), consacre a l'application a la mecanique des fluides, traite la parallelisation d'un code d'elements finis FES ou le partitionneur de graphe METIS et la librairie PSPARSLIB sont utilises.
Qaddouri, Abdessamad
The origin, subtypes, physiology and pharmacology of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) have been discussed in other chapters.\\u000a In this chapter, some of the current applications of BTX in gastroenterology are discussed. BTX has been used for a large\\u000a number of gastrointestinal disorders, however, this chapter is confined to those conditions for which the best data are available\\u000a (achalasia, gastroparesis,
Shayan Irani; Frank K. Friedenberg
Barrier-Free Design: Access to and Use of Buildings by Physically Disabled People = Amenagement pour Acces Facile: Acces Facile aux Immeubles et Leur Utilisation par les Personnes Handicapees.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
The manual describes, for people with physical disabilities, a building standard of accessibility and the policy for its application. Policies address both new construction and renovation work based on principles of building accessibility to a broad range of users, public service accessibility, and equality of access to employment opportunities.…
Public Works Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
Photographic imaging is the oldest form of remote sensing used in coral reef studies. This chapter briefly explores the history of photography from the 1850s to the present, and delves into its application for coral reef research. The investigation focuses on both photographs collected from low-altitude fixed-wing and rotary aircraft, and those collected from space by astronauts. Different types of classification and analysis techniques are discussed, and several case studies are presented as examples of the broad use of photographs as a tool in coral reef research.
Cochran, Susan A.
L'Instabilite de Retrodiffusion Brillouin Stimulee dans le Cas d'Une Onde Laser Intense. Application aux Experiences d'Acceleration de Particules Par Battement d'Ondes (Stimulated Brillouin Backscattering Instability in the Case of a High Power Laser: Application to Wave Pulsation Particle Acceleration Experiments).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The growth rate of Brillouin instability in a subdense plasma is calculated for high power laser flux (but less than the field corresponding to that of laser wave propagation in the relativistic state). The anti-Stokes component is shown to be ignorable. ...
P. Mounaix G. Laval D. Pesme
Mise au point d'une methode d'analyse radiometrique applicable aux phosphates marocains. Etude des teneurs en uranium, des rapports d'equilibre U/Ra et des emanations du 222-radon. (Carrying out of a radiometric analysis method applicable to Moroccan phosphates. Study of the uranium amounts, of the U/Ra equilibrium ratio and of 222-radon emanation rates).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A radiometric analysis method for the determination of the uranium and the radium amounts in Moroccan phosphate has been carried out, using NaI(Tl) scintillator to detect gamma radiation of 238-U and 235-U radioactive daughters. The analysis results permi...
A. Choukri
In this paper we demonstrate an application platform architecture and implementation that allows developers to easily target opportunistic networks. The platform includes an opportunistic router, HTML5 application development framework, and an opportunistic application market for distributing applications. We demonstrate the platform and multiple HTML5 applications -- including chat, music and social networking applications -- running on Android devices.
Teemu Kärkkäinen; Mikko Pitkänen; Paul Houghton; Jörg Ott
Objective: To review current literature on neurology telemedicine and to discuss its application to patient care, neurology practice, military medicine, and current federal policy. Methods: Review of practice models and published literature on primary studies of the efficacy of neurology telemedicine. Results: Teleneurology is of greatest benefit to populations with restricted access to general and subspecialty neurologic care in rural areas, those with limited mobility, and those deployed by the military. Through the use of real-time audio-visual interaction, imaging, and store-and-forward systems, a greater proportion of neurologists are able to meet the demand for specialty care in underserved communities, decrease the response time for acute stroke assessment, and expand the collaboration between primary care physicians, neurologists, and other disciplines. The American Stroke Association has developed a defined policy on teleneurology, and the American Academy of Neurology and federal health care policy are beginning to follow suit. Conclusions: Teleneurology is an effective tool for the rapid evaluation of patients in remote locations requiring neurologic care. These underserved locations include geographically isolated rural areas as well as urban cores with insufficient available neurology specialists. With this technology, neurologists will be better able to meet the burgeoning demand for access to neurologic care in an era of declining availability. An increase in physician awareness and support at the federal and state level is necessary to facilitate expansion of telemedicine into further areas of neurology.
Wechsler, Lawrence R.; Tsao, Jack W.; Levine, Steven R.; Swain-Eng, Rebecca J.; Adams, Robert J.; Demaerschalk, Bart M.; Hess, David C.; Moro, Elena; Schwamm, Lee H.; Steffensen, Steve; Stern, Barney J.; Zuckerman, Steven J.; Bhattacharya, Pratik; Davis, Larry E.; Yurkiewicz, Ilana R.; Alphonso, Aimee L.
The topic of this lecture is particular applications of high voltage pulsed power. The first point of discussion is the magnetron load. The voltage vs current characteristic of the load is shown. The voltage increases to the point where the device breaks down, then it goes into a nearly constant glow voltage region as the current increases. When you drive the current hard enough, you get into a region that is called abnormal glow and then it eventually will go into an arc at which point the voltage goes to a low values the current increases. This is typical of a number of devices. Most gas loads exhibit behavior that is at least similar to this. The data presented have been taken on a krypton fluoride fast-discharge laser. Many interesting parameters can be calculated from voltage and current. Some circuit parameters can be derived from the data, and a digital computer can be used to check the results and perhaps to test circuit modifications for improved performance.
Butcher, R.R.
Applications of MST Radars: Meteorological Applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Applications of mesosphere stratosphere troposphere radar to mesoscale meteorology are discussed. The applications include using the radar either as a research tool to improve our understanding of certain dynamical systems or as part of a network used to ...
M. F. Larsen
Elaboration du Ge mesoporeux et etude de ses proprietes physico-chimiques en vue d'applications photovoltaiques
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Le sujet de cette these porte sur l'elaboration du nouveau nanomateriau par la gravure electrochimique bipolaire (BEE) --- le Ge mesoporeux et sur l'analyse de ses proprietes physico-chimiques en vue de son utilisation dans des applications photovoltaiques. La formation du Ge mesoporeux par gravure electrochimique a ete precedemment rapportee dans la litterature. Cependant, le verrou technologique important des procedes de fabrication existants consistait a obtenir des couches epaisses (superieure a 500 nm) du Ge mesoporeux a la morphologie parfaitement controlee. En effet, la caracterisation physico-chimique des couches minces est beaucoup plus compliquee et le nombre de leurs applications possibles est fortement limite. Nous avons developpe un modele electrochimique qui decrit les mecanismes principaux de formation des pores ce qui nous a permis de realiser des structures epaisses du Ge mesoporeux (jusqu'au 10 mum) ayant la porosite ajustable dans une large gamme de 15% a 60%. En plus, la formation des nanostructures poreuses aux morphologies variables et bien controlees est desormais devenue possible. Enfin, la maitrise de tous ces parametres a ouvert la voie extremement prometteuse vers la realisation des structures poreuses a multi-couches a base de Ge pour des nombreuses applications innovantes et multidisciplinaires grace a la flexibilite technologique actuelle atteinte. En particulier, dans le cadre de cette these, les couches du Ge mesoporeux ont ete optimisees dans le but de realiser le procede de transfert de couches minces d'une cellule solaire a triple jonctions via une couche sacrificielle en Ge poreux. Mots-cles : Germanium meso-poreux, Gravure electrochimique bipolaire, Electrochimie des semi-conducteurs, Report des couches minces, Cellule photovoltaique
Tutashkonko, Sergii
Application of NDTs to the diagnosis of Historic Structures
Some typical problems solved by the combination and the complementary use of different investigation techniques such as boroscopy, radar and sonic tests, flat-jack and sonic tests, sonic and radar tomography and others will be presented. Résumé On présente quelques problèmes typiques concernant bâtiments historiques, résolus par l'usage de techniques d'enquête complémentaires, telles que la boroscopie, les essais radar couplés aux
Luigia BINDA; Antonella SAISI
Synthese de nanoparticules plasmoniques par laser femtoseconde en milieu liquide pour des applications biomedicales
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The femtosecond laser synthesis of plasmonic nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Cu, AuAg, AuCu) is described. The approach relies on the fs laser ablation of a target immersed in a liquid, followed by the laser-induced fragmentation and growth of nanoparticles in solution. This two-step methodology significantly enhances the production rate, the reproducibility and the size control of nanoparticles in comparison to the direct laser ablation based technique. For gold, the laser-induced growth of nanometric seeds initially formed by laser ablation in the presence of a stabilizing agent allows the synthesis of functionalized nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 3-76 nm and coefficients of variation (COV) varying between 15-30%. In comparison to the direct laser ablation, the size control is much simpler, as it uniquely depends on the gold to stabilizing agent molecular concentration ratio. The approach has been described for dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG), but can be extended to all stabilizing agents and open new avenues in the formation of various novel bioconjugates. The fs laser ablation and fragmentation also allow the synthesis of stable and low dispersed Au nanoparticles in pure water. These nanoparticles are unique for sensing applications with high sensitivity based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), since they greatly reduce the noise associated with surface contaminants and byproducts found in solution. The formation of various nanospheres with predetermined size, shape and composition (AuxAg(1-x), AuxCu(1-x) ) is also reported by the use of a fs irradiation of a mixture of two pure metallic ix colloidal solutions in a very simple chemical environment, e.g. water and a stabilizing agent. From a chemical point of view, oxidation of silver nanoparticles is significantly reduced by the incorporation of a small amount of gold and is completely inhibited for a gold atomic fraction larger than 0.4-0.5. The bifunctional nature related to the partial oxidation of the gold nanoparticle surface allows a wide range of stabilization mechanisms. The stabilization by hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction, by hydrogen bonds formation, by chemisorptions of thiols and by electrostatic interactions is evaluated. A new class of stabilizing agents, biopolymers, is also introduced. The addition of these polymers during the laser ablation, fragmentation or growth process enables in situ surface functionalization and efficient size control. The biocompatibility of these stabilizers also allows the direct introduction of nanoparticles in in vitro or in vivo applications without further purification. Significant efforts have also been undertaken to check the possible degradation of the polymers used during the laser process. These studies demonstrate a low degradation via an oxidation mechanism, involving the production of free radicals and oxidizing species by dissociation of water molecules during the laser process. Finally, the mechanisms of laser ablation in liquids and a growth model for the nanoparticles are proposed based on experimental results from literature and this thesis. The formation of nanoparticles is described by three distinct phases. First, a fast nucleation and condensation of the ejected species occur in the plasma and are caused by extremely high cooling rates, which lead to a strong supersaturation. This short nucleation and condensation phase is followed by a marked growth of the liquid (and still hot) nuclei by coalescence. After solidification, these nuclei should have sizes below 2 nm and be mostly condensed at the liquid-vapor interface of the growing cavitation bubble. Without the presence of stabilizing agent, growth by atomic diffusion and coalescence continue inside the cavitation bubble and should be accelerated following its collapse. Nanoparticles and unreacted monomers are then propelled out of the ablation zone by the secondary shock wave associated with the collapse of the cavitation bubble and further grow in solution. This cycle is repeated for each laser pulse and interaction between species
Besner, Sebastien
Les Revetements Exterieurs Verticaux en Materiaux Pierreux Naturels de Mince Epaisseur (Vertical External Finishes in Thin Natural Stone Materials).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Stresses influencing vertically-placed facing plaques: the weight of the plaques themselves, impacts, thermal movement in the support and the plaques, humidity, rain and frost, wind forces, shrinkage, elastic deformation and creep in the building frame, c...
Methode de Fabrication de Materiaux Photovoltaiques par Pulverisation Chimique Spray (Fabrication Method for Photovoltaic Materials by Chemical Atomisation Spray).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Acetonitrile has been shown to be a suitable carrier solvent for the preparation of thin layers of cuprous sulphide by chemical atomisation. A reactive spraying apparatus for monodispersed mist has been developed. It is claimed to be indispensible for est...
M. Savelli J. LaHaye J. Vedel
Etude de la performance de piles a combustible microbiennes et l'effet des materiaux d'electrodes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Recent climate change has brought a whole new dimension to the energy field since now we must change our primary source, fossil fuels. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology emerged as a result of recent efforts in the development of alternative sources of energy. This project aims to improve the performance maximization of such celsl. It is assumed that the microbial fuel cells' functioning is influenced by the operation conditions as well as the biofilm development and other limitations. It is also appropriate to suppose that the electrode materials also have consequences on either the microorganisms' activity or the electrochemical reaction reactivity. Thus, various operating conditions and configurations are tested to identify the specific effects of these changes on cell performance. Also, the development of the biofilm is extensively studied under various conditions to improve the electrons transfer between the active biofilm and the anode. These experiments and analyses permitted to identify various effects that can improve the microbial fuel cell performance. Thus, the influence of organic load (of glucose and acetate), pH and operating temperature of the fuel cell has been shown and optimal values were determined, leading to a significant increase in the anodic biofilm activity and a decrease of the methanogens activity, the latter reducing the coulombic efficiency by diverting a non-negligible substrate amount for their benefit. Hence, organic loading of 2 to 4 g L-1 day-1, pH between 6,25 and 6,5 as well as high cathode temperature (62 °C) but moderate anode temperature (30 °C) caused a maximum power generation increase to 19,2 W m -3. During the experiments with acetate as substrate, distance between electrodes and fuel cell volume have been reduced, leading to a power density of 92,4 W m-3. All these observations are the subject of the first article presented in this thesis. Since the microbial fuel cell power generation depends on the number of anode-reducing microorganisms populating the biofilm, this relationship was deepened in the second manuscript. This article, which intended to monitor the biofilm development, highlights the influence of external load changing rate during the active biofilm growth. Thus, when the external load is adjusted rapidly to approach the cell internal resistance, electrons exchange is enhanced as well as the proliferation of microorganisms responsible of these electrons generation. By promoting faster anode-reducing microorganisms growth, other species are somewhat disadvantaged and substrate consumption is primarily involved in the electricity production rather than any other unwanted products (eg.: methane). This article also demonstrates the influence of the biofilm development level on the diffusion limitation of the anodic reaction, a limitation that becomes more pronounced as the biofilm grows. The third article clarifies the diffusion limitation of the charge transfer at the anode. Therefore, the organic load variation of acetate in microbial fuel cells with carbon felt (3D) and carbon paper (2D) anodes as well as the electrolyte conductivity decrease has targeted protons diffusion out of the biofilm as the current generation limitation. In addition, a secondary electrochemical reaction has been identified at the anode, creating an electrode resistance increase and thereby a slight power output decrease. Finally, multiple electrochemical analyses helped to establish with certainty that the electron transfer mechanism carried out by anode-reducing microorganisms is by direct contact with the anode via microorganisms themselves or the conductive biofilm matrix, cytochromes being responsible for the electrons transport in both cases. The last manuscript deals with new cathode materials (carbon, Mn 2O3 and Fe2O3) evaluation in comparison to a platinum cathode. These materials were chosen for their potential to stimulate the proliferation of microorganisms capable of influencing cathode activity in order to obtain a biocathode; however, this phenomenon has not been veri
Martin, Edith
Proprietes Thermomecaniques de Nouveaux Materiaux Composites Sic/Vitroceramique (Thermomechanical Properties of New Composite Materials SiC/Glass-Ceramic).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Pseudo-unidirectional composites made of SiC Nicalon fibers and LAS (lithium alumino silicate) glass-ceramic matrix were obtained via a low temperature solgel/hot pressing route. The fibers were coated with a thin layer of pyrocarbon in order to promote f...
E. Menessier A. Guette R. Pailler R. Naslain P. Lespade
SIMOUN: Systeme d'Investigation pour Materiaux Optimises Utilisables sur Navette (SIMOUN: Test System for Shuttle Thermal Protection Materials).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A test system is designed to simulate Hermes shuttle reentry conditions in order to verify the behavior of the critical thermal protection layers, The system described generates a hot supersonic flow at the pressure and density calculated conditions. The ...
J. P. Serrano
Detection de l'initiation de la delamination des materiaux composites par suivi de l'emission acoustique
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cette étude, basée sur la surveillance des ondes d'émission acoustique (E.A.), présente le développement d'une approche de prédiction de l'initiation de la délamination de pièces composites soumises à des chargements statiques et en fatigue. La surveillance des ondes d'E.A. fait parti d'un nombre restreint de méthodes pouvant détecter, en continu, l'apparition et la croissance de dommages dans les matériaux composites. L'approche est comparée à des méthodes conventionnelles ainsi qu'à une modélisation numérique pour des composites à fibre de carbone unidirectionnels et tissés, sur une gamme de rapports de mode mixte. Le présent mémoire met en lumière les différentes étapes abordées durant l'étude. L'utilisation des matériaux composites est mise en contexte au premier chapitre. La complexité des matériaux composites ainsi que la nécessité de modèles de prédiction fiables sont soulignées. Le deuxième chapitre contient une revue de la littérature et présente les outils disponibles pour analyser le délaminage et bâtir un modèle prédictif de sa propagation. Les sujets traités sont la délamination dans un contexte de mécanique de la rupture, la modélisation numérique d'une propagation de fissure, l'approche du monitorage par émission acoustique puis l'analyse fractographiques des surfaces de rupture. Les résultats des essais mécaniques et de la modélisation sont présentés sous forme d'article dans le troisième chapitre. Des essais statiques et en fatigue ont permis de calculer le taux de restitution d'énergie de déformation à l'initiation de la délamination selon des méthodes classiques pour ensuite les comparer à une méthode développée, basée sur le suivi des ondes d'émission acoustique. Une série d'essais de propagation de la délamination en fatigue ont permis d'observer des corrélations entre les émissions acoustiques, la longueur de la délamination, la vitesse de croissance des fissures et la sévérité du chargement. Finalement, une méthodologie de reconnaissance des formes non supervisée est présentée afin de discriminer les signaux d'E.A. d'amorçage et de propagation de fissure du bruit associé à la fatigue. Mots-clés : Émission acoustique, initiation de la délamination, fatigue, composite, mode mixte I et II, Virtual Crack Closure Technique.
Silversides, Ian
Eléments finis transformés. Application à la modélisation des problèmes à frontières ouvertes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The paper presents the open boundary modelling method using transformation. This method may be summarized by the use of mappings which link the real open domain with an image closed domain. This image domain is then meshed by classical finite element. The best method to take the transformation into account is to consider that the elements of the image domain allow to define finite elements and shape functions on the real domain. This new set of finite elements, called the mapped infinite elements, are able to simulate infinite domain. The paper also presents results obtained using this method. They show the value of the method as well as its limits. L'article présente la méthode de modélisation éléments finis de l'infini à l'aide de transformations. Cette méthode peut se résumer par l'utilisation de transformations reliant le domaine ouvert à un domaine fermé image, qui est alors maillé en éléments finis classiques. L'application locale de la transformation sur les éléments du domaine image permet de définir de nouveaux éléments. Ces nouveaux éléments, appelés éléments finis transformés, peuvent s'étendre jusqu'à l'infini et sont donc capables de prendre en compte les domaines à frontières ouvertes. L'article présente aussi les demiers résultats obtenus à l'aide de cette méthode. Les grandeurs calculées aux moments de l'exploitation sont les grandeurs les plus difficiles qu'ils soient, puisqu'il s'agit de grandeurs locales (champ-potentiel) dans le domaine extérieur étant entendu que les autres grandeurs (grandeurs globales comme les forces ou l'énergie, ou grandeurs locales dans le domaine intérieur) sont bonnes. Ces résultats montrent la valeur (ce qui signifie aussi les limites) de la méthode proposée.
Brunotte, Xavier; Meunier, Gérard; Bongiraud, Jean-Paul
Early Identifying Application Traffic with Application Characteristics
To more accurately extract the characteristics of application flows, this paper proposes a set of flow attributes to characterize the possible negotiation behaviors of each flow in application layer perspective. The discriminators are available in the early stage, so they are suitable to support real-time based traffic classification and engineering. The ability of flow attributes was tested with several machine
Nen-fu Huang; Gin-yuan Jai; Han-chieh Chao
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ruby on Rails is an open source web application framework for the Ruby programming language. The first application I built was a web application to manage and authenticate other applications. One of the main requirements for this application was a single sign-on service. This allowed authentication to be built in one location and be implemented in many different applications. For example, users would be able to login using their existing credentials, and be able to access other NASA applications without authenticating again. The second application I worked on was an internal qualification plan app. Previously, the viewing of employee qualifications was managed through Excel spread sheets. I built a database driven application to streamline the process of managing qualifications. Employees would be able to login securely to view, edit and update their personal qualifications.
Hochstadt, Jake
Holography techniques and applications
This book contains papers presented at a conference on holography techniques and applications. The topics covered include: holography with a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser; multiplex holograms from scanning electron microscope; and some applications of LCD in holography.
Not Available
Technical applications of aerogels.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Aerogel materials posses such a wide variety of exceptional properties that a striking number of applications have developed for them. Many of the commercial applications of aerogels such as catalysts, thermal insulation, windows, and particle detectors a...
L. W. Hrubesh
Flat Conductor Cable Applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Some of the numerous applications of flat conductor cable (FCC) systems are briefly described. Both government and commercial uses were considered, with applications designated as either aerospace, military, or commercial. The number and variety of ways i...
W. Angele
Scalable application layer multicast
We describe a new scalable application-layer multicast protocol, specifically designed for low-bandwidth, data streaming applications with large receiver sets. Our scheme is based upon a hierarchical clustering of the application-layer multicast peers and can support a number of different data delivery trees with desirable properties.We present extensive simulations of both our protocol and the Narada application-layer multicast protocol over Internet-like
Suman Banerjee; Bobby Bhattacharjee; Christopher Kommareddy
Biomedical Applications of Graphene
Graphene exhibits unique 2-D structure and exceptional phyiscal and chemical properties that lead to many potential applications. Among various applications, biomedical applications of graphene have attracted ever-increasing interests over the last three years. In this review, we present an overview of current advances in applications of graphene in biomedicine with focus on drug delivery, cancer therapy and biological imaging, together with a brief discussion on the challenges and perspectives for future research in this field.
Shen, He; Zhang, Liming; Liu, Min; Zhang, Zhijun
Prolog for Applications Programming
ing the Prolog language to write application programs. Much attention is currently focused on expert-systems shells, which play a role in artificial intelligence (AI) systems similar to that of application generators in more conventional applications. The Prolog program-ming language embodies many of the features found in these shells, while providing a relatively general and complete programming language. MVS performance tuning
Walter G. Wilson
Parts application handbook study
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The requirements for a NASA application handbook for standard electronic parts are determined and defined. This study concentrated on identifying in detail the type of information that designers and parts engineers need and expect in a parts application handbook for the effective application of standard parts on NASA projects.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Application of ultrasound can greatly enhance physical and chemical processes. Through the mechanism of cavitation, tremendous amounts of energy are released which can enhance chemical reaction rates, for example. This report reviews several experimental studies of sonochemistry applications with dual-use technology implications. A discussion of potential dual-technology applications, including production of higher powered ultrasonic processors, is presented.
Kavarnos, George J.; Janus, Robert S.; Robinson, Harold C.
Web application security engineering
Integrating security throughout the life cycle can improve overall Web application security. With a detailed review of the steps involved in applying security-specific activities throughout the software development life cycle, the author walks practitioners through effective, efficient application design, development, and testing. With this article, the author shares a way to improve Web application security by integrating security throughout the
J. D. Meier
AFRL POSS Applications Research
The Air Force is heavily invested in POSS Applications Research and Development. Currently one application is being 'flight-tested' for a technology transition. New applications are being investigated (e.g. batteries, capacitors, radomes). The technology transfer to Hybrid Plastics is a success story with significant volume increase and price reduction. POSS Nanotechnology Offers Versatility.
Shawn Phillips
Accelerating business analytics applications
Business text analytics applications have seen rapid growth, driven by the mining of data for various decision making processes. Regular expression processing is an important component of these applications, consuming as much as 50% of their total execution time. While prior work on accelerating regular expression processing has focused on Network Intrusion Detection Systems, business analytics applications impose different requirements
Valentina Salapura; Tejas Karkhanis; Priya Nagpurkar; Jose Moreira
Synthese, caracterisation et applications de polyesters derives d'oligothiophenes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Le travail presente ici a pour but de synthetiser des polyesters derives d'oligothiophenes utilisables dans des diodes electroluminescentes et des dispositifs optiques non-lineaires. Differents polyesters derives d'oligothiophenes (de une a six unites) ont ete synthetises par polycondensation en masse. Trois groupes espaceurs ont ete utilises: le 1, 10-decanediol, le 1,6-hexanediol et l'hexaethyleneglycol. La structure chimique des polyesters a ete etudiee entre autres, par spectroscopie RMN. Cette technique a montre que les polyesters avaient une structure parfaitement alternee. Les proprietes optiques de ces polyesters ont montre que cette famille de polyesters pouvait emettre sur une large gamme du spectre du visible, ce qui en fait de bons candidats pour les diodes electroluminescentes. En outre, a partir de quatre unites thiophene les polyesters ont montre une certaine electroactivite. Les polyesters avec cinq et six unites thiophene ont, de plus, la capacite d'etre reduits et les mesures de conductivite in-situ ont montre que les electrons et les trous sont transportes avec une efficacite comparable au sein du polymere. Enfin, les polyesters possedant un groupe espaceur hydrophile forment facilement des films par la technique de Langmuir-Blodgett. L'ensemble de ces proprietes a fait de ces polymeres de bons candidats pour la fabrication de diodes electroluminescentes a base de films Langmuir-Blodgett. Des resultats interessants ont ete obtenus avec les polyesters a base de derives du pentathiophene et du sexithiophene. Cependant, l'electroluminescence reste assez faible et une amelioration pourrait etre obtenue en utilisant des materiaux plus luminescents. Les proprietes non-lineaires de ces polyesters ont ete etudiees en solution par la technique du z-scan. Les valeurs de chi(3) extrapolees a un film mince sont tres superieures a celles obtenues avec des poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (10-9 esu vs 10 -12 esu, respectivement). Cette augmentation a ete attribuee au fait que la longueur de conjugaison est constante dans les polyesters et a l'etroitesse de la bande d'absorption. L'orientation des polyesters pourrait etre une voie prometteuse pour l'amelioration des proprietes non-lineaires.
Donat-Bouillud, Anne
Introduction aux Trajectoires Spatiales (Introduction to Space Trajectories).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This introductory session on trajectories is designed to review the basic concepts of the study of spacial trajectories, natural and optimal, and presents other issues from the session. It is divided into 5 parts. The first three parts review the differen...
J. Marec
Contribution méthodologique aux pratiques de matériovigilance en transfusion sanguine
To reduce seriousness and frequency of iatriogenic risk implies prevention policies and efficient operational systems for vigilance. This risk management implies definition of precise organizations and procedures able to locate and to notify quickly undesirable events. This is the case about single use medical devices (SUMD) used in blood transfusion. This article is a contribution to the organisation of the
P Roussel; A Pujol-Rey; C Arzur
Implants et prothèses (hors dentisterie) et allergie aux métaux
Metals (mainly nickel, chrome and cobalt) released from metallic implants may become potential allergens under the effect of corrosion in contact with body fluids. It would appear that these reactions are very rare, as opposed to skin contact allergies to these same metals, and difficult to diagnose. A patient presenting with signs of intolerance to a metallic implant will often
N. Raison-Peyron
Comportement de la xonotlite exposée aux hautes températures
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Afin de modéliser le comportement thermomécanique de matériaux dédiés à la protection incendie, l'étude de leur comportement thermophysique est mise en œuvre. Le produit composite étudié est essentiellement composé de xonotlite, un silicate de calcium hydraté renforcé par des fibres organiques de type cellulose. Différentes méthodes d'analyses sont utilisées pour suivre l'évolution de la structure du produit soumis à un incendie (T > 1000circC et présence de flammes) : mesures ATD/TG, diffraction des rayons X (température ambiante ou thermodiffraction). Les résultats de ces analyses sont croisés avec des visualisations MEB. L'analyse de l'évolution des phases cristallines associée à une évolution importante et rapide de température permet de comprendre comment le matériau supporte l'incendie. L'identification de ses conditions de ruine du produit découle de cette étude.
Baux, C.; Daiguebonne, C.; Lanos, C.; Guillou, O.; Jauberthie, R.; Gérault, Y.
Resource Purpose: The Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) is developing interrelated regulations to control microbial pathogens and disinfectants/disinfection byproducts in drinking water. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1996 requires EPA to develop the...
Resource Purpose: ?The Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) is developing interrelated regulations to control microbial pathogens and disinfectants/disinfection byproducts in drinking water. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1996 requires EPA to develop th...
Resource Purpose: The Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) is developing interrelated regulations to control microbial pathogens and disinfectants/disinfection byproducts in drinking water. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1996 requires EPA to develop the...
Resource Purpose: The Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) is developing interrelated regulations to control microbial pathogens and disinfectants/disinfection byproducts in drinking water. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1996 requires EPA to develop the...
Resource Purpose: The Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) is developing interrelated regulations to control microbial pathogens and disinfectants/disinfection byproducts in drinking water. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1996 requires EPA to develop the...
Resource Purpose: The Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) is developing interrelated regulations to control microbial pathogens and disinfectants/disinfection byproducts in drinking water. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1996 requires EPA to develop the...
Voyager aux Indes à la fin du XVIIème siècle
[eng] Abstract Travelling at the end of the seventeenth century in India was both a matter of adventure and organization. Some French people - scientists, amateurs or merchants - experienced it. The most representative being Tavernier and Bernier. Their writings which never take the form of a diary reveal many aspects of Indian life and civilization at the time of
Lydie Villers
Biopharmaceutical applications of nanogold
The application of nanogold in biopharmaceutical field is reviewed in this work. The properties of nanogold including nanogold surface Plasmon absorption and nanogold surface Plasmon light scattering are illustrated. The physical, chemical, biosynthesis methods of nanogold preparation are presented. Catalytic properties as well as biomedical applications are highlighted as one of the most important applications of nanogold. Biosensing, and diagnostic and therapeutic applications of gold nanoparticles are evaluated. Moreover, gold nanoparticles in drugs, biomolecules and proteins' delivery are analyzed. Gold nanoparticles for the site-directed photothermal applications are reviewed as the most fruitful research area in the future.
Alanazi, Fars K.; Radwan, Awwad A.; Alsarra, Ibrahim A.
SNS application programming plan.
The plan for Spallation Neutron Source accelerator physics application programs is presented. These high level applications involve processing and managing information from the diagnostic instruments, the machine control system, models and static databases and will be used to investigate and control beam behavior. Primary components include an SNS global database and Java-based XAL Application Toolkit. A key element in the SNS application programs is time synchronization of data used in these applications, due to the short pulse (1 ms), pulsed (60 Hz) nature of the device. The data synchronization progress is also presented.
Chu, C. M.; Galambos, J. D. (John D.); Wei, J. (Jianyan); Allen, C.; McGehee, P. M. (Peregrine M.); Malitsky, N.
Et pourquoi pas une education aux sciences qui aborde la participation des acteurs sociaux aux controverses sociotechniques?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
In this article we discuss research that was conducted as part of a project on citizen science education. We present the research and some of the results, and then take a position on the pertinence of examining, in science classes, questions on citizen participation in socio-technical debates and the roles and capacities of the social actors…
Pouliot, Chantal
REST based mobile applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Simplicity is the major advantage of REST based webservices. Whereas SOAP is widespread in complex, security sensitive business-to-business aplications, REST is widely used for mashups and end-user centric applicatons. In that context we give an overview of REST and compare it to SOAP. Furthermore we apply the GeoDrawing application as an example for REST based mobile applications and emphasize on pros and cons for the use of REST in mobile application scenarios.
Rambow, Mark; Preuss, Thomas; Berdux, Jörg; Conrad, Marc
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This pdf from OP-TEC, the National Center for Optics and Photonics Education, addresses basic concepts underlying the operation of fiber lasers. This free 19 page document supplements the fiber laser material presented in an Elements of Photonics Course by provided a more current and detailed description of how lasers operate. This course covers an introduction to fiber laser application, established laser types, advantages of fiber lasers, application in materials processing, and other applications.
Security in Distributed Applications
The security requirements on an IT system ultimately depend on the applications that make use of it. To put today's challenges\\u000a into perspective we map the evolution of distributed systems security over the past 40 years. We then focus on web applications\\u000a as an important current paradigm for deploying distributed applications. We discuss the security policies relevant for the\\u000a current
Dieter Gollmann
Applications will be reviewed once per year. Applications (3 hardcopies and one electronic copy), including a resume for the principal investigator must be received on or before November 1. Review will be completed by March 1, the following year. NCI staff will discuss the project in person or by telephone conference, with successful applicants, and time lines for completion of tasks will be in place by May 1.
Irregular Applications: Architectures & Algorithms
Irregular applications are characterized by irregular data structures, control and communication patterns. Novel irregular high performance applications which deal with large data sets and require have recently appeared. Unfortunately, current high performance systems and software infrastructures executes irregular algorithms poorly. Only coordinated efforts by end user, area specialists and computer scientists that consider both the architecture and the software stack may be able to provide solutions to the challenges of modern irregular applications.
Feo, John T.; Villa, Oreste; Tumeo, Antonino; Secchi, Simone
Application Power Signature Analysis
The high-performance computing (HPC) community has been greatly concerned about energy efficiency. To address this concern, it is essential to understand and characterize the electrical loads of HPC applications. In this work, we study whether HPC applications can be distinguished by their power-consumption patterns using quantitative measures in an automatic manner. Using a collection of 88 power traces from 4 different systems, we find that basic statistical measures do a surprisingly good job of summarizing applications' distinctive power behavior. Moreover, this study opens up a new area of research in power-aware HPC that has a multitude of potential applications.
Hsu, Chung-Hsing [ORNL] [ORNL; Combs, Jacob [Sonoma State University] [Sonoma State University; Nazor, Jolie [Sonoma State University] [Sonoma State University; Santiago, Fabian [Sonoma State University] [Sonoma State University; Thysell, Rachelle [Sonoma State University] [Sonoma State University; Rivoire, Suzanne [Sonoma State University] [Sonoma State University; Poole, Stephen W [ORNL] [ORNL
Structural Testing of Web Applications
In recent years, Web applications have become prevalent around the world. Many companies have developed or integrated their mission-critical applications using Web technologies. As Web applications become more complex, testing Web applications becomes crucial. We extend data flow testing techniques to Web applications. Several data flow issues for analyzing HTML and eXtensible Markup Language (XML) documents in Web applications are
Chien-hung Liu; David Chenho Kung; Pei Hsia; Chih-tung Hsu
Technology Applications Team: Applications of Aerospace Technology.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Highlights of the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Applications Team activities over the past quarter are presented in Section 1.0. The Team's progress in fulfilling the requirements of the contract is summarized in Section 2.0. In addition to our market...
In this review, research papers on CEC are summarized that have been published between May 2005 and May 2007. Application-oriented research is discussed in which CEC is used in biochemical and pharmaceutical studies, in the analysis of food and natural products, and in industrial, environmental, and forensic analysis. Some trends and developments in separation science that may increase the applicability
Yuli Huo; Wim Th. Kok
XAL Application Programming Structure
XAL is an application programming framework used at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project in Oak Ridge. It is written in Java, and provides users with a hierarchal view of the accelerator. Features include database configuration of the accelerator structure, an online envelope model that is configurable from design or live machine values, an application framework for quickstart GUI development,
J. Galambos; C. Chu; S. Cousineau; V. V. Danilov; J. Patton; T. Pelaia; A. Shishlo; C. K. Allen
Application Security Automation
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
With today's high demand for online applications and services running on the Internet, software has become a vital component in our lives. With every revolutionary technology comes challenges unique to its characteristics; for online applications, security is one huge concern and challenge. Currently, there are several schemes that address…
Malaika, Majid A.
Industrial applications of holography
Topics presented include the holographic basis for intelligent machines, holographic stereograms of computer-generated objects made using a liquid crystal spatial modulator, the principles and applications of electronic speckle pattern interferometer, and high-temperature optical strain measurement. Also presented are the application of holography to underwater visual inspection, dry polymer for holographic recording, variable index materials for optical data processing, and holographic
Jean Robillard; H. J. Caulfield
The rapid diffusion of Internet and open standard technologies is producing a significant growth of the demand of Web sites and Web applications with more and more strict requirements of usability, reliability, interoperability and security. While several methodological and technological proposals for developing Web applications are coining both from industry and academia, there is a general lack of methods and
Giuseppe Antonio Di Lucca; Anna Rita Fasolino; Francesco Faralli; Ugo De Carlini
Designing personalized web applications
The goal of this paper is to argue the need to approach the personalization issues in Web applications from the very beginning in the application's development cycle. Since personalization is a critical aspect in many popular domains such as e-commerce, it important enough that it should be dealt with through a design view, rather than only an implementation view (which
Gustavo Rossi; Daniel Schwabe; Robson Guimarães
Applications of Solubility Data
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This article describes several applications of the use of solubility data. It is not meant to be exhaustive but rather to show that knowledge of solubility data is required in a variety of technical applications that assist in the design of chemical processes. (Contains 3 figures and 1 table.)
Tomkins, Reginald P. T.
Aluminum powders have physical and metallurgical characteristics related to their method of manufacture that make them extremely important in a variety of applications. They can propel rockets, improve personal hygiene, increase computer reliability, refine exotic alloys, and reduce weight in the family sedan or the newest Air Force fighter. Powders formed into parts for structural and non-structural applications hold the
Flat conductor cable applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Some of the numerous applications of flat conductor cable (FCC) systems are briefly described. Both government and commercial uses were considered, with applications designated as either aerospace, military, or commercial. The number and variety of ways in which FCC is being applied and considered for future designs are illustrated.
Angele, W.
Web application vulnerabilities have become a major concern in software security. We will present major attack patterns, i.e. SQL injection, cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery, JavaScript hijacking, and DNS rebinding, together with a survey and assessment of the countermeasures available to web application developers.
Dieter Gollmann
We describe two applications of our HPJava language for parallel computing. The flrst is a multigrid solver for a Poisson equation, and the second is a CFD application that solves the Euler equations for inviscid ?ow. We illustrate how the features of the HPJava language allow these algorithms to be expressed in a straightforward and convenient way. Performance results on
Bryan Carpenter; Geoffrey Fox; Han-ku Lee; Sang Boem Lim
Gas Chromatography Application Notes
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This site includes application notes on gas chromatography from 2000-2005 which have been presented at conferences. The applications could serve as a source of experiments for advanced teaching labs and may also assist those interested in solving analytical problems that involve separations.
Aerospace applications of batteries
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
NASA has developed battery technology to meet the demanding requirements for aerospace applications; specifically, the space vacuum, launch loads, and high duty cycles. Because of unique requirements and operating environments associated with space applications, NASA has written its own standards and specifications for batteries.
Habib, Shahid
Automatic multiple applicator electrophoresis
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Easy-to-use, economical device permits electrophoresis on all known supporting media. System includes automatic multiple-sample applicator, sample holder, and electrophoresis apparatus. System has potential applicability to fields of taxonomy, immunology, and genetics. Apparatus is also used for electrofocusing.
Grunbaum, B. W.
Wind energy applications guide
The brochure is an introduction to various wind power applications for locations with underdeveloped transmission systems, from remote water pumping to village electrification. It includes an introductory section on wind energy, including wind power basics and system components and then provides examples of applications, including water pumping, stand-alone systems for home and business, systems for community centers, schools, and health clinics, and examples in the industrial area. There is also a page of contacts, plus two specific example applications for a wind-diesel system for a remote station in Antarctica and one on wind-diesel village electrification in Russia.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The US Patent and Trademark Office has recently updated its patent database, adding access to the full text of all US patent applications since March 15, 2001. This is in addition to the full text of all patents issued since 1976. The site contains a database searchable by quick (two-term) or advanced Boolean protocol or by patent number. Containing applications from a wide range of technologies such as genomics, microchip engineering, and optics, the patent application database may prove useful both for scientists developing patents themselves and for those simply interested in the latest technological advances.
Polythiophenes in biological applications.
Polythiophene and its derivatives have shown tremendous potential for interfacing electrically conducting polymers with biological applications. These semiconducting organic polymers are relatively soft, conduct electrons and ions, have low cytotoxicity, and can undergo facile chemical modifications. In addition, the reduction in electrical impedance of electrodes coated with polythiophenes may prove to be invaluable for a stable and permanent connection between devices and biological tissues. This review article focuses on the synthesis and some key applications of polythiophenes in multidisciplinary areas at the interface with biology. These polymers have shown tremendous potential in biological applications such as diagnostics, therapy, drug delivery, imaging, implant devices and artificial organs. PMID:24730262
Sista, Prakash; Ghosh, Koushik; Martinez, Jennifer S; Rocha, Reginaldo C
Modelisation des emissions de particules microniques et nanometriques en usinage
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La mise en forme des pieces par usinage emet des particules, de tailles microscopiques et nanometriques, qui peuvent etre dangereuses pour la sante. Le but de ce travail est d'etudier les emissions de ces particules pour fins de prevention et reduction a la source. L'approche retenue est experimentale et theorique, aux deux echelles microscopique et macroscopique. Le travail commence par des essais permettant de determiner les influences du materiau, de l'outil et des parametres d'usinage sur les emissions de particules. E nsuite un nouveau parametre caracterisant les emissions, nomme Dust unit , est developpe et un modele predictif est propose. Ce modele est base sur une nouvelle theorie hybride qui integre les approches energetiques, tribologiques et deformation plastique, et inclut la geometrie de l'outil, les proprietes du materiau, les conditions de coupe et la segmentation des copeaux. Il ete valide au tournage sur quatre materiaux: A16061-T6, AISI1018, AISI4140 et fonte grise.
Khettabi, Riad
Nasa Technology Utilization Applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The work is reported from September 1972 through August 1973 by the Technology Applications Group of the Science Communication Division (SCD), formerly the Biological Sciences Communication Project (BSCP) in the Department of Medical and Public Affairs of...
Applications of Sonochemistry.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Application of ultrasound can greatly enhance physical and chemical processes. Through the mechanism of cavitation, tremendous amounts of energy are released which can enhance chemical reaction rates, for example. This report reviews several experimental ...
G. J. Kavarnos R. S. Janus H. C. Robinson
Neutron sources and applications
Review of Neutron Sources and Applications was held at Oak Brook, Illinois, during September 8--10, 1992. This review involved some 70 national and international experts in different areas of neutron research, sources, and applications. Separate working groups were asked to (1) review the current status of advanced research reactors and spallation sources; and (2) provide an update on scientific, technological, and medical applications, including neutron scattering research in a number of disciplines, isotope production, materials irradiation, and other important uses of neutron sources such as materials analysis and fundamental neutron physics. This report summarizes the findings and conclusions of the different working groups involved in the review, and contains some of the best current expertise on neutron sources and applications.
Price, D.L. [ed.] [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Rush, J.J. [ed.] [National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...Secretary (Qualifying Individual), Application Type: QI Change. OQ Enterprises, Inc. (NVO), 2535 W. Winton Avenue, 4P, Hayward, CA 94545, Officers: Oscar M. Quiambao, President (Qualifying Individual), Christine B. Quiambao,...
Reincarnation of Streaming Applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
We study the technology innovations required to radically improve the process of understanding and parallelizing performance-critical legacy application code. We demonstrate the usefulness and feasibility of such a system, dubbed Program Reincarnation, us...
M. Ernst R. Miller S. Amarsinghe
Clustering Theory and Applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The report describes the theory for recovering information from sparse signal representations in distributed sensing applications. This theory is useful in streamlining networking and decoding operations over bandwidth constrained wireless networks. Using...
H. T. Kung
Food Applications and Regulation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This chapter deals with food applications of bacteriocins. Regulatory issues on the different possibilities for incorporating bacteriocins as bioprotectants are discussed. Specific applications of bacteriocins or bacteriocin-producing strains are described for main food categories, including milk and dairy products, raw meats, ready-to-eat meat and poultry products, fermented meats, fish and fish products or fermented fish. The last section of the chapter deals with applications in foods and beverages derived from plant materials, such as raw vegetable foods, fruits and fruit juices, cooked food products, fermented vegetable foods and fermented beverages. Results obtained for application of bacteriocins in combination with other hurdles are also discussed for each specific case, with a special emphasis on novel food packaging and food-processing technologies, such as irradiation, pulsed electric field treatments or high hydrostatic pressure treatment.
Gálvez, Antonio; Abriouel, Hikmate; Omar, Nabil Ben; Lucas, Rosario
Applications of Control Theory.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Applications of control theory are considered in the areas of decoupling and wake steering control of submersibles, a method of electrohydraulic conversion with no moving parts, and socio-economic system modelling.
C. K. Taft D. E. Limbert J. B. Murdoch J. L. Pokoski R. W. Alperi
CFD Applications in Propulsion.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
An overview of various applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) algorithms to propulsion problems is given. Topics of interest include incompressible, low speed compressible, transonic, and supersonic problems. A common family of algorithms is u...
C. L. Merkle
This memorandum provides an discussion as to the possible application of nuclear ramjet propulsion in a submarine-based missile system. Questions are raised as to modifications required, compatibility with present submarine launch facilities, and missile and booster volume.
Special Noise Barrier Applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The report summarizes an investigation of the technical, aesthetic, and economic feasibilities of incorporating special noise barrier applications into a highway noise control program. The intent of the report is to take as a starting point the thin, vert...
L. F. Cohn R. A. Harris
Customizing Mobile Applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The dynamics of mobile systems require applications to intelligently adapt to changes in system configurations and to their environment. The authors describe a workplace in which users interact with a number of stationary and mobile systems through the co...
B. N. Schilit M. M. Theimer B. B. Welch
Batteries for Vehicular Applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This paper will describe battery technology as it relates to use in vehicular applications, including hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV), electric vehicles (EV), and plug-in-hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEV). The present status of rechargeable batteries, the requirements for each application, and the scientific stumbling blocks that stop batteries from being commercialized for these applications will be discussed. Focus will be on the class of batteries referred to as lithium batteries and the various chemistries that are the most promising for these applications. While Li-ion is expected in HEVs in the very near future, use in PHEVs are expected to be more gradual and dependent on solving the life, safety, and cost challenges. Finally, batteries for EVs remain problematic because of the range and charging-time issues.
Srinivasan, Venkat
A review, with 19 references, is given on challenges and possible opportunities for the development of biosensors for environmental monitoring applications. The high cost and slow turnaround times typically associated with the measurement of regulated pollutants clearly indicates...
Biosensors for diagnostic applications.
Biosensors combine a transducer with a biorecognition element and thus are able to transform a biochemical event on the transducer surface directly into a measurable signal. By this they have the potential to provide rapid, real-time, and accurate results in a comparatively easy way, which makes them promising analytical devices. Since the first biosensor was introduced in 1962 as an "enzyme electrode" for monitoring glucose in blood, medical applications have been the main driving force for further biosensor development. In this chapter we outline potential biosensor setups, focusing on transduction principles, biorecognition layers, and biosensor test formats, with regard to potential applications. A summary of relevant aspects concerning biosensor integration in efficient analytical setups is included. We describe the latest applications of biosensors in diagnostic applications focusing on detection of molecular biomarkers in real samples. An overview of the current state and future trends of biosensors in this field is given. PMID:22223139
Gruhl, Friederike J; Rapp, Bastian E; Länge, Kerstin
Applications of immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important application of monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibodies to determine the tissue distribution of an antigen of interest in health and disease. IHC is widely used for diagnosis of cancers; specific tumor antigens are expressed de novo or up-regulated in certain cancers. This article deals with the various applications of IHC in diagnosis of diseases, with IHC playing an important role in diagnostic and research laboratories.
Duraiyan, Jeyapradha; Govindarajan, Rajeshwar; Kaliyappan, Karunakaran; Palanisamy, Murugesan
Photovoltaic systems and applications
Abstracts are given of presentations given at a project review meeting held at Albuquerque, NM. The proceedings cover the past accomplishments and current activities of the Photovoltaic Systems Research, Balance-of-System Technology Development and System Application Experiments Projects at Sandia National Laboratories. The status of intermediate system application experiments and residential system analysis is emphasized. Some discussion of the future of the Photovoltaic Program in general, and the Sandia projects in particular is also presented.
Not Available
Programmable Logic Application Notes
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This column will be provided each quarter as a source for reliability, radiation results, NASA capabilities, and other information on programmable logic devices and related applications. This quarter's column will include some announcements and some recent radiation test results and evaluations of interest. Specifically, the following topics will be covered: the Military and Aerospace Applications of Programmable Devices and Technologies Conference to be held at GSFC in September, 1998, proton test results, heavy ion test results, and some total dose results.
Katz, Richard
Telemedicine applications in otoloryngology
This article considers both store-and-forward and interactive applications of telemedicine in otolaryngology (the branch of medicine relating to the ears, nose, and throat) and reports on our clinical findings on the accuracy of tele-otolaryngology consults reported from our telemedicine test-bed at The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary. We outline some potential store-and-forward applications in our field and conclude with
Conor Heneghan; A. P. Sclafani; Jordan Stern; Jeffrey Ginsburg
Programmable Logic Application Notes
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This column will be provided each quarter as a source for reliability, radiation results, NASA capabilities, and other information on programmable logic devices and related applications. This quarter's column will include some announcements and some recent radiation test results and evaluations of interest. Specifically, the following topics will be covered: the Military and Aerospace Applications of Programmable Devices and Technologies Conference to be held at GSFC in September, 1998, proton test results, and some total dose results.
Katz, Richard
LCS Content Document Application
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
My project at KSC during my spring 2011 internship was to develop a Ruby on Rails application to manage Content Documents..A Content Document is a collection of documents and information that describes what software is installed on a Launch Control System Computer. It's important for us to make sure the tools we use everyday are secure, up-to-date, and properly licensed. Previously, keeping track of the information was done by Excel and Word files between different personnel. The goal of the new application is to be able to manage and access the Content Documents through a single database backed web application. Our LCS team will benefit greatly with this app. Admin's will be able to login securely to keep track and update the software installed on each computer in a timely manner. We also included exportability such as attaching additional documents that can be downloaded from the web application. The finished application will ease the process of managing Content Documents while streamlining the procedure. Ruby on Rails is a very powerful programming language and I am grateful to have the opportunity to build this application.
Hochstadt, Jake
Technology Applications Team: Applications of aerospace technology
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Highlights of the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Applications Team activities over the past quarter are presented in Section 1.0. The Team's progress in fulfilling the requirements of the contract is summarized in Section 2.0. In addition to our market-driven approach to applications project development, RTI has placed increased effort on activities to commercialize technologies developed at NASA Centers. These Technology Commercialization efforts are summarized in Section 3.0. New problem statements prepared by the Team in the reporting period are presented in Section 4.0. The Team's transfer activities for ongoing projects with the NASA Centers are presented in Section 5.0. Section 6.0 summarizes the status of four add-on tasks. Travel for the reporting period is described in Section 7.0. The RTI Team staff and consultants and their project responsibilities are listed in Appendix A. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of many individuals to the RTI Technology Applications Team program. The time and effort contributed by managers, engineers, and scientists throughout NASA were essential to program success. Most important to the program has been a productive working relationship with the NASA Field Center Technology Utilization (TU) Offices. The RTI Team continues to strive for improved effectiveness as a resource to these offices. Industry managers, technical staff, medical researchers, and clinicians have been cooperative and open in their participation. The RTI Team looks forward to continuing expansion of its interaction with U.S. industry to facilitate the transfer of aerospace technology to the private sector.
Policy-based application management
US Patent & Trademark Office Database
Improved techniques for managing enterprise applications on mobile devices are described herein. Each enterprise mobile application running on the mobile device has an associated policy through which it interacts with its environment. The policy selectively blocks or allows activities involving the enterprise application in accordance with rules established by the enterprise. Together, the enterprise applications running on the mobile device form a set of managed applications. Managed applications are typically allowed to exchange data with other managed applications, but are blocked from exchanging data with other applications, such as the user's own personal applications. Policies may be defined to manage data sharing, mobile resource management, application specific information, networking and data access solutions, device cloud and transfer, dual mode application software, enterprise app store access, and virtualized application and resources, among other things.
The Geodetic Applications of Satellites.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This deals with the geodetic application of artificial satellites. In the geometric applications the determination of geocentric observing station coordinates is treated. In the dynamic applications the coefficients of the spherical harmonics explanation ...
I. I. Mueller
Automated Inadvertent Intruder Application
The Environmental Analysis and Performance Modeling group of Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) conducts performance assessments of the Savannah River Site (SRS) low-level waste facilities to meet the requirements of DOE Order 435.1. These performance assessments, which result in limits on the amounts of radiological substances that can be placed in the waste disposal facilities, consider numerous potential exposure pathways that could occur in the future. One set of exposure scenarios, known as inadvertent intruder analysis, considers the impact on hypothetical individuals who are assumed to inadvertently intrude onto the waste disposal site. Inadvertent intruder analysis considers three distinct scenarios for exposure referred to as the agriculture scenario, the resident scenario, and the post-drilling scenario. Each of these scenarios has specific exposure pathways that contribute to the overall dose for the scenario. For the inadvertent intruder analysis, the calculation of dose for the exposure pathways is a relatively straightforward algebraic calculation that utilizes dose conversion factors. Prior to 2004, these calculations were performed using an Excel spreadsheet. However, design checks of the spreadsheet calculations revealed that errors could be introduced inadvertently when copying spreadsheet formulas cell by cell and finding these errors was tedious and time consuming. This weakness led to the specification of functional requirements to create a software application that would automate the calculations for inadvertent intruder analysis using a controlled source of input parameters. This software application, named the Automated Inadvertent Intruder Application, has undergone rigorous testing of the internal calculations and meets software QA requirements. The Automated Inadvertent Intruder Application was intended to replace the previous spreadsheet analyses with an automated application that was verified to produce the same calculations and results. The application was extended to calculate full decay chains for a given parent so that an intruder calculation could be performed without any input from transport calculations, i.e. the intruder analysis was decoupled from groundwater analysis. Once this full decay chain capability was in place, the application was extended to perform a transient calculation of the dose to an intruder over a specified time range, from which the maximum dose in time was determined. Use of the transient calculation to find the maximum dose in time was a significant step forward in automating and simplifying the inadvertent intruder analysis. In conclusion: an automated application has been developed to perform inadvertent intruder analysis for SRS low-level waste facilities. The application performs a transient analysis to find the maximum dose in time for each parent considered. Due to its ease of use and the standardization of input and methods, the Automated Inadvertent Intruder Application has been adopted as standard practice for inadvertent intruder analysis at SRS.
Koffman, Larry D.; Lee, Patricia L.; Cook, James R.; Wilhite, Elmer L. [Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29808 (United States)
Bridging the gap between web application firewalls and web applications
Web applications are the Achilles heel of our current ICT in- frastructure. NIST's national vulnerability database clearly shows that the percentage of vulnerabilities located in the application layer increases steadily. Web Application Fire- walls (WAFs) play an important role in preventing exploita- tion of vulnerabilities in web applications. However, WAFs are very pragmatic and ad hoc, and it is very
Lieven Desmet; Frank Piessens; Wouter Joosen; Pierre Verbaeten
Le réacteur expérimental thermonucléaire international ITER : Quel droit applicable pour cet exploitant nucléaire de niveau international ?
ITER est un projet de recherche dont l'objet est de démontrer la faisabilité scientifique et technique de l'utilisation de la fusion comme nouvelle source d'énergie. Après les réalisations de grands Tokamaks1 tels que le JT60 au Japon, TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) aux États-Unis, le JET (Joint European Torus) en Grande Bretagne et Tore Supra en France, ce projet est
Laetitia Grammatico-Vidal
Cryogel applications in microbiology.
There is a great demand for improved technologies with regard to rapid processing of nano- and microparticles. The handling of viruses in addition to microbial and mammalian cells requires the availability of appropriate adsorbents. Recent developments in macroporous gels produced at subzero temperatures (known as cryogels) have demonstrated an efficiency for processing cell and virus suspensions, cell separation and cell culture applications. Their unique combination of properties such as macroporosity, tissue-like elasticity and biocompatibility, physical and chemical stability and ease of preparation, renders these materials interesting candidates for a broad range of potential applications within microbiological research. This review describes current applications of macroporous cryogels in microbiology with a brief discussion of future perspectives. PMID:18835715
Plieva, Fatima M; Galaev, Igor Yu; Noppe, Wim; Mattiasson, Bo
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kennedy Space Center's primary institutional computer is a 4 megabyte IBM 4341 with 3.175 billion characters of IBM 3350 disc storage. This system utilizes the Software AG product known as ADABAS with the on line user oriented features of NATURAL and COMPLETE as a Data Base Management System (DBMS). It is operational under the OS/VSI and is currently supporting batch/on line applications such as Personnel, Training, Physical Space Management, Procurement, Office Equipment Maintenance, and Equipment Visibility. A third and by far the largest DBMS application is known as the Shuttle Inventory Management System (SIMS) which is operational on a Honeywell 6660 (dedicated) computer system utilizing Honeywell Integrated Data Storage I (IDSI) as the DBMS. The SIMS application is designed to provide central supply system acquisition, inventory control, receipt, storage, and issue of spares, supplies, and materials.
Network and Application Security in Mobile e-Health Applications
\\u000a Different IT applications require different network and application security services. We have been working in the area of\\u000a e-health applications in mobile environments, and we have needed to integrate security services therein. This paper presents\\u000a a specification of such network and application security services for mobile e-health applications and how we have implemented\\u000a them. First, various security threats specific of e-health
Ramon Martí; Jaime Delgado; Xavier Perramon
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This paper discusses the science application team activities. Science Application team are: (1) Represent the diversity of NASA onboard computing of the future. (2) Drive architecture and system software requirements. (3) Demonstrate the benefit of highly capable computing onboard. (4) Study the birth of the first galaxies. (5) Study formation of stars. (6) Discusses the next generation space telescope hardware/software requirement: image processing and on-board optical calibration. Also discusses gamma ray large area space telescope; orbital thermal imaging spectrometer; solar terrestrial probe program; autonomous Mars rover;fault tolerance and errors.
Camera for landing applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This paper describes the Enhanced Video System (EVS) camera, built by OPGAL as subcontractor of Kollsman Inc. The EVS contains a Head up Display built by Honeywell, a special design camera for landing applications, and the external window installed on the plane together with the electronic control box built by Kollsman. The special design camera for lending applications is the subject of this paper. The entire system was installed on a Gulfstream V plane and passed the FAA proof of concept during August and September 2000.
Grimberg, Ernest
Future communications satellite applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The point of view of the research is made through the use of viewgraphs. It is suggested that future communications satellite applications will be made through switched point to point narrowband communications. Some characteristics of which are as follows: small/low cost terminals; single hop communications; voice compatible; full mesh networking; ISDN compatible; and possible limited use of full motion video. Some target applications are as follows: voice/data networks between plants and offices in a corporation; data base networking for commercial and science users; and cellular radio internodal voice/data networking.
Bagwell, James W.
Polyimide composites: Application histories
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Advanced composite hardware exposed to thermal environments above 127 C (260 F) must be fabricated from materials having resin matrices whose thermal/moisture resistance is superior to that of conventional epoxy-matrix systems. A family of polyimide resins has evolved in the last 10 years that exhibits the thermal-oxidative stability required for high-temperature technology applications. The weight and structural benefits for organic-matrix composites can now be extended by designers and materials engineers to include structures exposed to 316 F (600 F). Polyimide composite materials are now commercially available that can replace metallic or epoxy composite structures in a wide range of aerospace applications.
Poveromo, L. M.
Applications of modelling studies.
There is increasing use of economic evaluation to support decision-makers in health services for allocation of scarce healthcare resources. However, information necessary for economic evaluations cannot always be derived from well-conducted prospective clinical studies, and decision-analytical models can be used to provide some of the missing information. A number of applications of decision-analytical models are discussed, including submissions to authorities for reimbursement purposes, pharmacoeconomic programme development, portfolio investment decisions, marketing and communication strategies, and applications in disease management. PMID:10178654
Nuijten, M J; Starzewski, J
Microgravity Science and Applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The report presents fifteen papers from a workshop on microgravity science and applications held at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, on December 3 to 4, 1984. The workshop and panel were formed by the Solid State Sciences Committee of the Board on Physics and Astronomy of the National Research Council in response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The goal was to review the microgravity science and applications (MSA) program of NASA and to evaluate the quality of the program. The topics for the papers are metals and alloys, electronic materials, ceramics and glasses, biotechnology, combustion science, and fluid dynamics.
Applications of microelectromagnetic traps.
Microelectromagnetic traps (METs) have been used for almost two decades to manipulate magnetic fields. Different trap geometries have been shown to produce distinct magnetic fields and field gradients. Initially, microelectromagnetic traps were used mainly to separate and concentrate magnetic material at small scales. Recently such traps have been implemented for unique applications, for example filterless bioseparations, inductive heat generation, and biological detection. In this review, we describe recent reports in which MET geometry, current density, or external fields have been used. Descriptions of recent applications in which METs have been used to develop sensors, manipulate DNA, or block ion current are also provided. PMID:22562543
Basore, Joseph R; Baker, Lane A
Location Based Application Availability
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Smart cards are being integrated into a diverse range of industries: ranging from banking, telecom, transport, home/office access control to health and E-passport. Traditionally, cardholders are required to carry a smart card for each application. However, recent developments in the Near Field Communication (NFC) have renewed the interest in multiple applications for different services on a single device. This paper builds onto the NFC initiative and avoids the smart card ownership issues that hinder the adoption of such devices. The proposal integrates the Global Positioning System with the NFC in mobile phones to provide a ubiquitously and flexible service access model.
Naeem Akram, Raja; Markantonakis, Konstantinos; Mayes, Keith
Applications Spacelab missions
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The paper presents the plans of the Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications for the Shuttle/Spacelab missions. It is reported that the current program contains dedicated low-gravity mission (Spacelab 3 mission) and several minor missions planned for flight during 1980-1982. It is noted that these missions have either Materials Processing or Earth viewing emphasis. Finally, several representative experiments are used to illustrate the Applications Spacelab Program, such as the Materials Experiment Assembly (MEA), and the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Measured by Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment.
Pellerin, C. J., Jr.
Dynamic Malleability in MPI Applications
Malleability enables a parallel application's execution system to split or merge processes modifying the paral- lel application's granularity. While process migration is widely used to adapt applications to dynamic execution en- vironments, it is limited by the granularity of the appli- cation's processes. Malleability empowers process migra- tion by allowing the application's processes to expand or shrink following the availability
Kaoutar El Maghraoui; Travis J. Desell; Boleslaw K. Szymanski; Carlos A. Varela
Security principles for web applications
In the recent time we have witnessed an expansion of web applications, which are offering a wide range of public and business services. The web applications are efficient and convenient, however, increasing number of new security threats is a risk for both users of web applications and the companies which are offering their services through web applications. In order to
Tamara M. Tanaskovic; Miodrag Z. Zivkovic
MIMO Radar - Waveforms and Applications
This paper describes two applications suited to the particular characteristics of MIMO radar. We provide a brief description of the MIMO radars which could meet these applications and present a detailed analysis of two candidate waveform types suited to these applications. Each of the waveform types are shown to have different characteristics that make them better suited to one application
B. J. Donnet; I. D. Longstaff
Transducer applications, a compilation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The characteristics and applications of transducers are discussed. Subjects presented are: (1) thermal measurements, (2) liquid level and fluid flow measurements, (3) pressure transducers, (4) stress-strain measurements, (5) acceleration and velocity measurements, (6) displacement and angular rotation, and (7) transducer test and calibration methods.
Arizona's Application Service Provider.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Describes the U.S.'s first statewide K-12 application service provider (ASP). The ASP, implemented by the Arizona School Facilities Board, provides access to productivity, communications, and education software programs from any Internet-enabled device, whether in the classroom or home. (EV)
Jordan, Darla
The anycasting communication paradigm is designedto support server replication by allowing applicationsto easily select and communicate with the"best" server, according to some performance or policycriteria, in a group of content-equivalent servers. Weexamine the definition and support of the anycastingparadigm at the application layer, providing a servicethat maps anycast domain names into one or more IPaddresses using anycast resolvers. In addition
Samrat Bhattacharjee; Mostafa H. Ammar; Ellen W. Zegura; Viren Shah; Zongming Fei
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Discussion of the need to filter and retrieval relevant information from the Internet focuses on the use of mobile agents, specific software components which are based on distributed artificial intelligence and integrated systems. Surveys agent technology and discusses the agent building package used to develop two applications using IBM's Aglet…
Martins, Rosane Maria; Chaves, Magali Ribeiro; Pirmez, Luci; Rust da Costa Carmo, Luiz Fernando
Computer Applications for Children.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Four articles discuss computer-assisted instruction, including (1) a middle school art and computer departments project that used LOGO to create rose window designs; (2) student journals; (3) the application of Piaget constructivism and Vygotskin social interaction to LOGO learning; and (4) computer lab writing workshops for elementary school…
Dulsky, Dwight; And Others
Geophysical applications of squids
Present and potential geophysical applications of Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) include remote reference magnetotellurics, controlledsource electromagnetic sounding, airborne gradiometry, gravity gradiometers, rock magnetism, paleomagnetism, piezomagnetism, tectonomagnetism, the location of hydrofractures for hot dry rock geothermal energy and enhanced oil and gas recovery, the detection of internal ocean waves, and underwater magnetotellurics.
Clarke, J.
(Bioprocessing and applications)
The traveler presented a paper on advanced bioreactors for ethanol production at the 8th International Biotechnology Symposium and participated in the meeting. An invited seminar on advanced biotechnology concepts was presented at the Institut National des Sciences Appliquees in Toulouse. Extensive discussions on bioprocessing applications were also carried out at the Institute.
Scott, C.D.
Drills for mining applications
Drills are the most universal mining tools, with applications both above and below ground in exploration, blasting, and a sampling. The criteria considered in the design of drills is economical energy usage, simple handling, and extensive use of mechanization and automation. The operation and performance of drills in down-hole drilling, underground drilling, and exploration are discussed. Drill accessories are also discussed.
Not Available
Biochemiluminescence and biomedical applications
Although used for analytical purposes for more than 40 years it is only recently that biochemiluminescence (BCL) has found widespread acceptance. Methods employing BCL reactions now play an important role in biomedical research and laboratory medicine. The main attractions for the assay technology include exquisite sensitivity (attomole-zeptomole), high selectivity, speed and simplicity. In biomedical research, the most important applications of
D. Champiat; A. Roux; O. Lhomme; G. Nosenzo
Small strain gage applications
This paper will focus on three different strain gage applications and three different strain gage configurations. Acutal pictures of the experimental set-up will be discussed along with the actual data and proposed changes that resulted from these stress analyses.
Wenski, E.G.
Profiling Transactional Memory Applications
Transactional Memory (TM) has become an active research area as it promises to simplify the development of highly scalable parallel programs. Scalability is quickly becom- ing an essential software requirement as successive commodity processors integrate ever larger numbers of cores. Non-trivial TM applications to test TM implementations have only recently begun to emerge, but have been written in different programming
Mohammad Ansari; Kim Jarvis; Christos Kotselidis; Mikel Luján; Chris C. Kirkham; Ian Watson
Assessment Applications of Ontologies.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This paper discusses the use of ontologies and their applications to assessment. An ontology provides a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated among people and computational systems. The ontology captures one or more experts' conceptual representation of a domain expressed in terms of concepts and the relationships…
Chung, Gregory K. W. K.; Niemi, David; Bewley, William L.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Factsheets web application was conceived out of the requirement to create, update, publish, and maintain a web site with dynamic research and development (R and D) content. Before creating the site, a requirements discovery process was done in order t...
F. G. Vigil R. G. Reeder
Polymeric Applications in Electronics
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Training manual shows how to use polymeric materials in fabrication electronic components. Report discusses polymeric applications in fabrication of electronic components and equipment. Intended as training manual for 6-day quality assurance and technician certification course in use of polymeric materials.
Read, W. S.
Applications of sprayed coatings
Service demands of the coating properties of sprayed coatings are classified as: preventing, fretting, wear, and corrosion; controlled abradability; and thermal barrier. Developments in both coating techniques and coating materials which have allowed production of coatings which match the performance demands are considered. Applications of sprayed coatings in aircraft components are discussed. Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for
H. D. Steffens; M. Malik
VCSEL Applications and Simulation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This viewgraph presentation gives an overview of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) simulation and its applications. Details are given on the optical interconnection in information technology of VCSEL, the formulation of the simulation, its numeric algorithm, and the computational results.
Cheung, Samson; Goorjian, Peter; Ning, Cun-Zheng; Li, Jian-Zhong
Prospects for HTS applications
High temperature superconductor (HTS) wire is rapidly maturing into a working material being produced in ever larger quantities and being used in more significant demonstrations and prototypes. Conductor is now produced routinely in several hundred meter lengths with reproducible results. Current density has progressed to a level suitable for demonstration of many applications. Wire strength has improved and large prototypes
B. B. Gamble; G. L. Snitchier; R. E. Schwall
Fourier transforms and other related transforms are an essential tool in applications of science, engineering and technology. In fact, much of the work currently being done in mathematics, physics and engineering has its roots in Fourier's pioneering idea of representing an arbitrary function as the sum of a trigonometric series. The main purpose of these notes is to give a
M. J. Soares
Customizing Mobile Applications
The dynamics of mobile systems require applications to intelligently adapt to changes in system configurations and to their environment. We describe a workplace in which users interact with a number of stationary and mobile systems through the course of a day. The relationship between systems and devices is constantly changing due to user mobility. We present a facility for mobile
Bill N. Schilit; Marvin M. Theimer; Brent B. Welch
Permit application modifications
This document contains the Permit Application Modifications for the Y-12 Industrial Landfill V site on the Oak Ridge Reservation. These modifications include the assessment of stability of the proposed Landfill V under static and loading conditions. Analyses performed include the general slope stability, veneer stability of the bottom liner and cover system, and a liquefaction potential assessment of the foundation soils.
Computer applications in radiology.
Computer applications in radiology are evolving rapidly, tied to incremental improvements in hardware, software, and methods. In computer hardware, the emergence of dramatically improved graphic and computational performance for engineering workstations enables their use for visualization. Major changes in networking, storage, and display technology play a major role in influencing applications. The use of three-dimensional digitizers to perform localization of real three-dimensional points in conjunction with images and the rendering of objects using rapid prototyping methods, such as stereolithography, were recently reported. Major software advances have taken place through the availability of applications packages that are operated with menu-driven or point-and-click user interfaces, data flow languages, or complete turnkey applications. Imaging methods including CT, MR imaging, digital radiography, biomagnetism, and optical range sensing, which take advantage of advanced computer technology, are new this year. Image processing for multimodality fusion or image registration, visualization, reconstruction, and quantification of images, have been reported at a wide variety of conferences and in key publications. New computer methods to fabricate custom orthopaedic implants, and to improve imaging technology assessment were introduced. PMID:2049275
Vannier, M W
Applications of Analytical Cartography
Several applications of analytical cartography are presented. They include terrain visibili- ty (including visibility indices, viewsheds, and intervisibility), map overlay (including solving roundoff errors with C++ class libraries and computing polygon areas from incomplete informa- tion), mobility, and interpolation and approximation of curves and of terrain (including curves and surfaces in CAD\\/CAM, smoothing terrains with overdetermined systems of equations, and
Wm Randolph Franklin
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Two-part adhesives are stored, mixed, and dispensed by an applicator originally developed for use aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter. Compressed gas furnishes energy for mixing and dispensing. An operator needs only to open pressure valve and pull a trigger on dispenser nozzle to apply adhesive.
Ramos, D. O.; Werner, K. E.
Programmable Logic Application Notes
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This report will be provided each quarter as a source for reliability, radiation results, NASA capabilities, and other information on programmable logic devices and related applications. This quarter will continue a series of notes concentrating on analysis techniques with this issue's section discussing the use of Root-Sum-Square calculations for digital delays.
Katz, Richard; Day, John H. (Technical Monitor)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary section affiliation. Donald K. Balmer (H), Mark Bushnell (O), Charles J . Garcia (SS), Enzo Mantovani (S), Vicky Pease (T), James E. Quick (V), Gerard Schuster (S), Endre Skaar, Michael Underwood (T), J o hn J . Whipple (H).
During the fifty years since its initial development as a means of providing early warning of airborne attacks against allied countries during World War II, radar systems have developed to the point of being highly mobile and versatile systems capable of supporting a wide variety of remote sensing applications. Instead of being tied to stationary land-based sites, radar systems have
Marshall Greenspan
Pharmaceutical applications of chitosan
Considerable research efforts have been directed towards the development of safe and efficient chitosan-based drug delivery systems. In this review, the authors outline the major new approaches to the pharmaceutical applications of chitosan and discuss its mechanisms of action in various in vitro and in vivo models.
Valérie Dodane; Vinod D Vilivalam
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary affiliationSugyanto Amirwandi (H), Walter Bawiec (V), Nathan E. Bixler (H), Susan Burke (O), Chung Chan (SM), Richard B. Codell (H), Irene P. DePalma (O), Reinhard E. Flick (O), Kristen E. Franz (H), Chien-Cheng Fu (O), Hiroyuki Fukuyama (V).
Laser ablation of polymers has been studied with designed materials to evaluate the mechanism of ablation and the role of photochemically active groups on the ablation process, and to test possible applications of laser ablation and designed polymers. The incorporation of photochemically active groups lowers the threshold of ablation and allows high-quality structuring without contamination and modification of the remaining
Thomas Lippert
RPCs in biomedical applications
We are studying possible applications of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) in the biomedical domain such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The use of RPCs in PET can provide several improvements on the usual scintillation-based detectors. The most striking features are the extremely good spatial and time resolutions. They can be as low as 50 mum and 25 ps respectively, to
G. Belli; C. De Vecchi; E. Giroletti; R. Guida; G. Musitelli; R. Nardò; M. M. Necchi; D. Pagano; S. P. Ratti; G. Sani; A. Vicini; P. Vitulo; C. Viviani
Programmable Logic Application Notes
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This column will be provided each quarter as a source for reliability, radiation results, NASA capabilities, and other information on programmable logic devices and related applications. This quarter will start a series of notes concentrating on analysis techniques with this issues section discussing worst-case analysis requirements.
Katz, Richard
The Environmental Analysis and Performance Modeling group of Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) conducts performance assessments of the Savannah River Site (SRS) low-level waste facilities to meet the requirements of DOE Order 435.1. These performance assessments, which result in limits on the amounts of radiological substances that can be placed in the waste disposal facilities, consider numerous potential exposure pathways that could occur in the future. One set of exposure scenarios, known as inadvertent intruder analysis, considers the impact on hypothetical individuals who are assumed to inadvertently intrude onto the waste disposal site. Inadvertent intruder analysis considers three distinct scenarios for exposure referred to as the agriculture scenario, the resident scenario, and the post-drilling scenario. Each of these scenarios has specific exposure pathways that contribute to the overall dose for the scenario. For the inadvertent intruder analysis, the calculation of dose for the exposure pathways is a relatively straightforward algebraic calculation that utilizes dose conversion factors. Prior to 2004, these calculations were performed using an Excel spreadsheet. However, design checks of the spreadsheet calculations revealed that errors could be introduced inadvertently when copying spreadsheet formulas cell by cell and finding these errors was tedious and time consuming. This weakness led to the specification of functional requirements to create a software application that would automate the calculations for inadvertent intruder analysis using a controlled source of input parameters. This software application, named the Automated Inadvertent Intruder Application, has undergone rigorous testing of the internal calculations and meets software QA requirements. The Automated Inadvertent Intruder Application was intended to replace the previous spreadsheet analyses with an automated application that was verified to produce the same calculations and results. The application was extended to calculate full decay chains for a given parent so that an intruder calculation could be performed without any input from transport calculations, i.e. the intruder analysis was decoupled from groundwater analysis. Once this full decay chain capability was in place, the application was extended to perform a transient calculation of the dose to an intruder over a specified time range, from which the maximum dose in time was determined. Use of the transient calculation to find the maximum dose in time was a significant step forward in automating and simplifying the inadvertent intruder analysis.
Koffman, L; Patricia Lee, P; Jim Cook, J; Elmer Wilhite, E
76 FR 35411 - Applications for Trademark Registration
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...submitted in paper format or electronically through the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS) using a regular TEAS application form or a TEAS Plus application form. Applicants that file their applications using the TEAS Plus form pay...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...Applications § 435.907 Application. (a) Basis and implementation...the agency must accept an application from the applicant, an... (1) Via the internet Web site described in § 435...electronic means. (b) The application must beâ (1) The...
Grid Computing and Applications
'Grid' computing has emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale resource sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases, high-performance orientation. In this talk, Dr. Foster defines this new field. First, he reviews the 'Grid problem,' which he defines as flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources - what he refers to as virtual organizations. In such settings, we encounter unique authentication, resource access, resource discovery, and other challenges. It is this class of problem that is addressed by Grid technologies. He presents an extensible and open Grid architecture, in which protocols, services, application programming interfaces, and software development kits are categorized according to their roles in enabling resource sharing. He also reviews major Grid projects worldwide and describes how they are contributing to the realization of this architecture.
Biochemiluminescence and biomedical applications.
Although used for analytical purposes for more than 40 years it is only recently that biochemiluminescence (BCL) has found widespread acceptance. Methods employing BCL reactions now play an important role in biomedical research and laboratory medicine. The main attractions for the assay technology include exquisite sensitivity (attomole-zeptomole), high selectivity, speed and simplicity. In biomedical research, the most important applications of BCL are: (1) to estimate microbial numbers and to assess cellular states (e.g., after exposure to antibiotic or cytotoxic agents) and in reporter gene studies (firefly luciferase gene); (2) NAD(P)H involved in redox/dehydrogenase studies using Vibrio luciferase complex; (3) BCL labels and CL detection of enzyme labels in immunoassays are the most widespread routine application for this technology. BCL enzyme immunoassays represent the most active area of development, e.g., enhanced BCL method for peroxidase and BCL assays for alkaline phosphatase labels using adamantyl 1,2-dioxetane. PMID:7697495
Champiat, D; Roux, A; Lhomme, O; Nosenzo, G
[LASER applications in endodontics].
Since the development of the ruby laser by Maiman in 1960 and the application of the laser for endodontics by Weichman in 1971, a variety of lasers with a wide range of characteristics are now being used in endodontic therapy. In the past two decades much experience and knowledge has been gained The first purpose of the present paper is to provide an understanding of the essential physical science behind laser technology and information on the effects of laser beams on tissue (tissue interaction). A second purpose is to summarize laser applications in endodontics, including their use in pulp diagnosis, dentinal hypersensitivity, pulp capping and pulpotomy, modification of the root canal walls, sterilization of the root canal system, cleaning--shaping--obturation of the root canal, and endodontic surgery. It will be clear that a number of endodontic procedures with conventional treatments cannot provide comparable results or are less effective. PMID:16082880
De Moor, Roeland; Roeykens, Herman; Meire, Maarten; Depraet, Frederic
Ceramics for fusion applications
Ceramics are required for a variety of uses in both near-term fusion devices and in commercial powerplants. These materials must retain adequate structural and electrical properties under conditions of neutron, particle, and ionizing irradiation; thermal and applied stresses; and physical and chemical sputtering. Ceramics such as Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/, BeO, Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ and SiC are currently under study for fusion applications, and results to date show widely-varying response to the fusion environment. Materials can be identified today which will meet initial operating requirements, but improvements in physical properties are needed to achieve satisfactory lifetimes for critical applications.
Clinard, F.W. Jr.
Persuasive Mobile Health Applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
With many industrialized societies bearing the cost of an increasingly sedentary lifestyle on the health of their populations there is a need to find new ways of encouraging physical activity to promote better health and well being. With the increasing power of mobile phones and the recent emergence of personal heart rate monitors, aimed at dedicated amateur runners, there is now a possibility to develop "Persuasive Mobile Health Applications" to promote well being through the use of real-time physiological data and persuade users to adopt a healthier lifestyle. In this paper we present a novel general health monitoring software for mobile phones called Heart Angel. This software is aimed at helping users monitor, record, as well as improve their fitness level through built-in cardio-respiratory tests, a location tracking application for analyzing heart rate exertion over time and location, and a fun mobile-exergame called Health Defender.
Garcia Wylie, Carlos; Coulton, Paul
NASA: Biomedical applications team
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The status of projects involving the adaptation of NASA technologies for medical purposes is reviewed. Devices for the measurement of joint deformation of arthritic hands, the development of an artificial pancreas, provision of an auditory signal to avert epileptic seizures, are described along with the control of medication levels, a compressed air tank to supply power for field dentistry, and an electroencephalogram monitor. The use of the Lixiscope as a portable fluoroscope, thermal laminates for hand and foot warmers for patients with Raynaud's syndrome, and the use of absorptive coatings for instruments for controlling medication levels are described. The applicability of occupation health and safety practices to industry, computerized patient scheduling, impregnation of the common facial tissue with an agent for killing respiratory viruses, commercial applications of anthropometric data, and multispectral image analysis of the skin as a diagnostic tool are reviewed.
Prospects for HTS applications
High temperature superconductor (HTS) wire is rapidly maturing into a working material being produced in ever larger quantities and being used in more significant demonstrations and prototypes. Conductor is now produced routinely in several hundred meter lengths with reproducible results. Current density has progressed to a level suitable for demonstration of many applications. Wire strength has improved and large prototypes fabricated or under consideration using HTS include Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), rotating electrical machines including synchronous ac and dc homopolar motors and drives, generators and condensers, underground transmission cables, utility distribution equipment such as transformers and current limiters, commercial processing applications such as magnetic separation, and specialty magnets such as high field inserts. In this paper the requirements, progress toward these requirements, and the prospects for the future are reviewed.
Gamble, B.B.; Snitchler, G.L.; Schwall, R.E. [American Superconductor Corp., Westborough, MA (United States)] [American Superconductor Corp., Westborough, MA (United States)
Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles
\\u000a Nanomaterials hold immense promise for significantly improving existing diagnosis, therapy and designing novel approaches\\u000a to treat a variety of human ailments. While some of the applications of nanotechnology have been translated into clinical\\u000a settings, many more potential uses of nanomedicines have been demonstrated in experimental systems. Since a variety of materials\\u000a can be nanosized, the scope of nanomedicine is also
G. L. Prasad
Lipases are endowed with a substrate specificity that surpasses that of any other known enzyme. This confers on these enzymes\\u000a an application potential that is literally boundless. Lipases can be employed in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics,\\u000a leather, detergents, foods, perfumery, medical diagnostics, and other organic synthetic materials. This review attempts to\\u000a present a comprehensive discussion on the present status
Neena N. Gandhi
Photoluminescence: Science and Applications
\\u000a In the past five years photoluminescence (PL) of SWNTs has gone from discovery\\u000a to one of the most actively researched areas, with broad impact on the basic science\\u000a of SWNTs, as well as the promise of applications. The simplest free-carrier models of\\u000a perfect semiconducting SWNTs in vacuum predict that they have direct bandgaps\\u000a and therefore should be efficient light absorbers
Jacques Lefebvre; Shigeo Maruyama; Paul Finnie
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary section affiliation.Aubrey L. Anderson (O), Lennart A. Anderson (V), Kathleen W. Baird (V), William R. Bergmann (A), E. N. Bernard (O), Joyce R. Blueford (O), Wayne M. Brewer (T), Nancy Ann Brewster (O), Philip S. Callahan (O), Jack G. Calvert (A), Drew A. Carey (O), Benjamin Chen (O), J. W. Cole (V), George Courtney (T), Charles G. Crawford (H).
Antenna applications of superconductors
The applicability of superconductors to antennas is examined. Potential implementations that are examined are superdirective arrays; electrically small antennas; tuning and matching of these two; high-gain millimeter-wavelength arrays; and kinetic inductance slow wave structures for array phasers and traveling wave array feeds. It is thought that superdirective arrays and small antennas will not benefit directly, but their tuning\\/matching networks will
R. C. Hansen
Antenna applications of superconductors
The applicability of superconductors to antennas is examined. Potential implementations that are examined are superdirective arrays; electrically small antennas; tuning and matching of these two; high-gain millimeter-wavelength arrays; and kinetic inductance slow wave structures for array phasers and travelling wave array feeds. It is thought that superdirective arrays and small antennas will not benefit directly, but their tuning\\/matching networks will
R. C. Hansen
Space vehicle accelerometer applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The physics of accelerometer applications are reviewed, and details are given on accelerometer instruments and the principles of their operations. The functions to which accelerometers are applied are listed, and terms commonly used in accelerometer reports are defined. Criteria guides state what rule, limitation, or standard must be imposed on each essential design element to insure successful design. Elaboration of these criteria in the form of recommended practices show how to satisfy each of these criteria, with the best procedure described when possible.
(Supercomputing in nuclear applications)
The traveler attended the first international conference on supercomputing in nuclear applications. The traveler presented a paper on parallel processing of the nodal diffusion method. The traveler visited JAERI, NEDAC, Hitachi Works, CRC and CTCC. At JAERI and NEDAC, the traveler made a presentation on RSIC activities. The traveler then proceeded to the Philippines where she visited PNRI, made an RSIC orientation visit and presented the SNA 90 paper and had several discussions with PNRI staff.
Kirk, B.L.
Applications: Nanophotonics and Plasmonics
\\u000a Both nanophotonics and plasmonics concern investigations into building, manipulating, and characterizing optically active\\u000a nanostructures with a view to creating new capabilities in instrumentation for the nanoscale, chemical and biomedical sensing,\\u000a information and communications technologies, enhanced solar cells and lighting, disease treatment, environmental remediation,\\u000a and many other applications. Photonics and plasmonics share the characteristic that at least some of their basic
Evelyn L. Hu; Mark Brongersma; Adra Baca
Agricultural application of SWECS
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Principal applications of wind energy for agriculture are (1) farmstead power, mainly electrical, (2) building heating, (3) irrigation pumping, (4) product storage and processing, (5) hot water for residences and dairies, and (6) associated industries of agribusiness such as feedlots, fertilizer elevators, greenhouses, etc. Field experiments show that wind energy is a viable alternative, however, reliability and maintenance are still major problems. Test results of the various experiments are described.
Nelson, V.
\\u000a This chapter presents an overview of applications of the mindfulness practice examined in Chap. 4. Beginning with the currently most widely influential use of the practice in MBCT\\/MBSR courses, I go on to describe a typical\\u000a 8 week programme in this sphere before discussing evidence about the effectiveness of these approaches in the treatment of\\u000a anxiety and depression. The value
Terry Hyland
Application to Industrial Furnace
\\u000a In this chapter we go on to consider an industrial furnace situation. A furnace consists of a heat source (burner producing\\u000a a flame), a heat sink (the tube bank of a boiler or heat exchanger, or cooling tubes), and the refractory walls. The discussion\\u000a here is on application of the developed method to the classical radiative heat transfer problem in
Aristide Mbiock; Roman Weber
\\u000a As one of the most nonintrusive biometrics, face recognition technology is becoming ever closer to people's daily lives. Evidence\\u000a of this is that in 2000 the International Civil Aviation Organization endorsed facial recognition as the most suitable biometrics\\u000a for air travel. To our knowledge, no review papers are available on the newly enlarged application scenarios since then. We\\u000a hope this
Thomas Huang; Ziyou Xiong; Zhenqiu Zhang
AC filter arrester application
Arresters are being used in increasing numbers to provide surge protection inside of harmonic filters. The continuous voltage across these arresters is frequently a mixture of significant magnitudes of various harmonic voltages. Temporary overvoltages may result from system overvoltages or filter overloading. This investigation considers both the continuous arrester heating caused by a mixture of harmonic voltages and the effect of temporary overvoltages in order to provide guidelines for the appropriate selection of an arrester voltage rating for this type of application.
Harder, J.E. [Harder (John E.), Bloomington, IN (United States)] [Harder (John E.), Bloomington, IN (United States)
An Application Framework for TCP\\/IP Applications
TCP\\/IP applications have become increasingly important in this network generation. Their development, however, is troublesome in practice since reusable components are usually system-call-level service routines. We describe an application framework which we have developed for TCP\\/IP applications. The software architecture, as the model of the application framework, incorporates features of the layered and object-oriented style under the concept that a
Atsushi Kumazaki; Masami Noro; Han-myung Chang; Yoshinari Hachisu
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Lines of code (LOC) analysis is one of the methods used to measure programmer productivity and estimate schedules of programming projects. The Launch Control System (LCS) had previously used this method to estimate the amount of work and to plan development efforts. The disadvantage of using LOC as a measure of effort is that one can only measure 30% to 35% of the total effort of software projects involves coding [8]. In the application, instead of using the LOC we are using function point for a better estimation of hours in each software to develop. Because of these disadvantages, Jamie Szafran of the System Software Branch of Control And Data Systems (NE-C3) at Kennedy Space Canter developed a web application called Function Point Analysis (FPA) Depot. The objective of this web application is that the LCS software architecture team can use the data to more accurately estimate the effort required to implement customer requirements. This paper describes the evolution of the domain model used for function point analysis as project managers continually strive to generate more accurate estimates.
Avila, Edwin M. Martinez; Muniz, Ricardo; Szafran, Jamie; Dalton, Adam
Applications of electrostatic accelerators
Most applications of electrostatic accelerators fit into two main groups, materials analysis and materials modification. Materials analysis includes routine use of Rutherford Backscattering for quality control applications in the semiconductor field. Particle induced x-ray emission (PDCE) is used in fields from art history through environmental sciences. X-ray imaging using 5 MeV DC electron beams and fast pulsed neutron analysis (PFNA) for plastic explosive and drug detection provide promise in the area of security. Accelerator based mass spectrometry (AMS) is having a profound effect in a wide variety of fields which rely on counting extremely rare isotopes in small samples. Materials modification provides a very significant economic impact in the field of semiconductors. Virtually all semiconductor devices now rely on ion implantation with ion beam energies ranging from a few kilovolts to several MeV. With some mention of electron beams, this talk will concentrate primarily on the applications of MeV ion beams from electrostatic accelerators.
Norton, G.A.; Klody, G.M. [National Electrostatics Corp., Middleton, WI (United States)
This is a review of the US (and international) fuel cell development for the stationary power generation market. Besides DOE, GRI, and EPRI sponsorship, the US fuel cell program has over 40% cost-sharing from the private sector. Support is provided by user groups with over 75 utility and other end-user members. Objectives are to develop and demonstrate cost-effective fuel cell power generation which can initially be commercialized into various market applications using natural gas fuel by the year 2000. Types of fuel cells being developed include PAFC (phosphoric acid), MCFC (molten carbonate), and SOFC (solid oxide); status of each is reported. Potential international applications are reviewed also. Fuel cells are viewed as a force in dispersed power generation, distributed power, cogeneration, and deregulated industry. Specific fuel cell attributes are discussed: Fuel cells promise to be one of the most reliable power sources; they are now being used in critical uninterruptible power systems. They need hydrogen which can be generated internally from natural gas, coal gas, methanol landfill gas, or other fuels containing hydrocarbons. Finally, fuel cell development and market applications in Japan are reviewed briefly.
Williams, M.C.
BG GRID for Scientific Applications. Institute of Astronomy Applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The development of the Bulgarian GRID for scientific applications and some basic astronomical GRID applications in the Institute of astronomy are presented. Among the applications are N_body simulations of binary open clusters, baryon-antibaryon universe simulations, modeling of comet dust structures, expressing of weak structures in galaxies, active processes on the Sun, etc.
Petrov, G.; Dechev, M.
77 FR 25733 - Receipt of Applications for Endangered Species Permits
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...Application Number: TE-66439A Applicant: Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, Georgia Applicant requests authorization...Application Number: TE-237537 Applicant: Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri Applicant requests...
Capacitor Technologies, Applications and Reliability
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Various aspects of capacitor technologies and applications are discussed. Major emphasis is placed on: the causes of failures; accelerated testing; screening tests; destructive physical analysis; applications techniques; and improvements in capacitor capabilities.
NASA Applications Technology Satellite Program.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Applications Technology Satellite (ATS) Program Objectives include flight test of technology and experiments relating to the useful applications of space, making use of satellites in synchronous orbit. Five spacecraft have been launched and two more a...
Protective Paint for Application Underwater.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This patent application concerns a two component epoxy paint for application to an underwater surface. The paint displaces the water on the underwater surface and bonds tightly and permanently to it, sealing concrete surfaces and protecting steel surfaces...
R. W. Drisko
78 FR 59422 - Delayed Applications
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Delayed Applications AGENCY: Office of Hazardous...DOT. ACTION: List of applications delayed more than 180 days...requires extensive analysis 4. Staff review delayed by other priority issues or volume...
Next Generation Semantic Web Applications
In this short paper, we examine current Semantic Web application and we highlight what we see as a shift away from first generation Semantic Web applications, towards a new generation of applications, designed to exploit the large amounts of heterogeneous semantic markup, which are increasingly becoming available. Our analysis aims both to highlight the main features that can be used
Enrico Motta; Marta Sabou
Web application security assessment tools
Security testing a Web application or Web site requires careful thought and planning due to both tool and industry immaturity. Finding the right tools involves several steps, including analyzing the development environment and process, business needs, and the Web application's complexity. Here, we describe the different technology types for analyzing Web applications and Web services for security vulnerabilities, along with
Mark Curphey; Rudolph Arawo
Asset Assessment in Web Applications
Security, a quality attribute in web applications, improves the level of quality in the processes needed to manage information, and therefore achieving business objectives. Web Engineering must address new challenges facing web application development in order to offer new techniques that guarantee high quality applications. This work is part of an over all project that focuses on Risk Assessment in
Brunil Dalila Romero Marino; Hisham M. Haddad
Engineering Web Applications for Reuse
In this paper we present Web design frameworks as a conceptual approach to maximize reuse in Web applications. We first analyze the current state of the art of Web applications design, stating the need for an approach that clearly separates concerns (conceptual, navigational, interface). We briefly introduce the OOHDM approach for Web applications design. We next focus on the problem
Daniel Schwabe; Luiselena Esmeraldo; Gustavo Rossi; Fernando Lyardet
Technological Applications in Science Assessment.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Educational technology has been a focus of development and research in science teaching and learning. This document reviews research dealing with computer and hypermedia applications to assessment in science education. The paper reports the findings first for computer applications for assessment and then for hypermedia applications in assessment.…
Helgeson, Stanley L.; Kumar, David D.
WAP Enabling Existing HTML Applications
Already-existing HTML applications can be converted into WML (Wireless Markup Language) applications for use on WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) enabled devices, yet this process is not as simple as the alteration of the markup tags. This paper investigates the problems associated with the conversion process by examining the conversion of a functional information system that would be of benefit to
Marcin Metter; Robert M. Colomb
The Factsheets web application was conceived out of the requirement to create, update, publish, and maintain a web site with dynamic research and development (R and D) content. Before creating the site, a requirements discovery process was done in order to accurately capture the purpose and functionality of the site. One of the high priority requirements for the site would be that no specialized training in web page authoring would be necessary. All functions of uploading, creation, and editing of factsheets needed to be accomplished by entering data directly into web form screens generated by the application. Another important requirement of the site was to allow for access to the factsheet web pages and data via the internal Sandia Restricted Network and Sandia Open Network based on the status of the input data. Important to the owners of the web site would be to allow the published factsheets to be accessible to all personnel within the department whether or not the sheets had completed the formal Review and Approval (R and A) process. Once the factsheets had gone through the formal review and approval process, they could then be published both internally and externally based on their individual publication status. An extended requirement and feature of the site would be to provide a keyword search capability to search through the factsheets. Also, since the site currently resides on both the internal and external networks, it would need to be registered with the Sandia search engines in order to allow access to the content of the site by the search engines. To date, all of the above requirements and features have been created and implemented in the Factsheet web application. These have been accomplished by the use of flat text databases, which are discussed in greater detail later in this paper.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
During the fifty years since its initial development as a means of providing early warning of airborne attacks against allied countries during World War II, radar systems have developed to the point of being highly mobile and versatile systems capable of supporting a wide variety of remote sensing applications. Instead of being tied to stationary land-based sites, radar systems have found their way into highly mobile land vehicles as well as into aircraft, missiles, and ships of all sizes. Of all these applications, however, the most exciting revolution has occurred in the airborne platform arena where advanced technology radars can be found in all shapes and sizes...ranging from the large AWACS and Joint STARS long range surveillance and targeting systems to small millimeter wave multi-spectral sensors on smart weapons that can detect and identify their targets through the use of highly sophisticated digital signal processing hardware and software. This paper presents an overview of these radar applications with the emphasis on modern airborne sensors that span the RF spectrum. It will identify and describe the factors that influence the parameters of low frequency and ultra wide band radars designed to penetrate ground and dense foliage environments and locate within them buried mines, enemy armor, and other concealed or camouflaged weapons of war. It will similarly examine the factors that lead to the development of airborne radar systems that support long range extended endurance airborne surveillance platforms designed to detect and precision-located both small high speed airborne threats as well as highly mobile time critical moving and stationary surface vehicles. The mission needs and associated radar design impacts will be contrasted with those of radar systems designed for high maneuverability rapid acquisition tactical strike warfare platforms, and shorter range cued air-to-surface weapons with integral smart radar sensors.
Greenspan, Marshall
Lubricants in conveyor applications
This paper looks at four critical lubricants used in the conveyor systems of the northern Albertan oil sand facility. The requirements for the lubricants used in the electric motors and gear boxes of the drive systems, the pulley bearings and the idler bearings are discussed in terms of the application and the environment. A number of developments that have occurred in recent years are presented. Data from the field and from custom designed testing in the laboratory are used to support the role of simulation testing in problem solving in this area of technology. 9 refs., 21 figs.
Paton, C.G.; Bland, S.B.; Melley, R.E. [Edmonton Research Center, Alberta (Canada)
Space applications instrumentation systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A compendium of resumes of 158 instrument systems or experiments, of particular interest to space applications, is presented. Each resume exists in a standardized format, permitting entries for 26 administrative items and 39 scientific or engineering items. The resumes are organized into forty groups determined by the forty spacecraft with which the instruments are associated. The resumes are followed by six different cross indexes, each organized alphabetically according to one of the following catagories: instrument name, acronym, name of principal investigator, name of organization employing the principal investigator, assigned experiment number, and spacecraft name. The resumes are associated with a computerized instrument resume search and retrieval system.
Minzner, R. A.; Oberholtzer, J. D.
Composite prepreg application device
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A heated shoe and cooled pressure roller assembly for composite prepreg application is provided. The shoe assembly includes a heated forward contact surface having a curved pressure surface. The following cooled roller provides a continuous pressure to the thermoplastic while reducing the temperature to approximately 5.degree. C. below glass transition temperature. Electric heating coils inside the forward portion of the shoe heat a thermoplastic workpiece to approximately 100.degree. C. above the glass transition. Immediately following the heated contact surface, a cooled roller cools the work. The end sharpened shape of the heated shoe trailing edge tends to prevent slag buildup and maintain a uniform, relaxed stress fabrication.
Sandusky, Donald A. (Inventor); Marchello, Joseph M. (Inventor)
Phenomenological applications ofk Tfactorization
We discuss applications of the perturbative QCD approach in the exclusive\\u000anon-leptonic two body B-meson decays. We briefly review its ingredients and\\u000asome important theoretical issues on the factorization approaches. PQCD results\\u000aare compatible with present experimantal data for the charmless B-meson decays.\\u000aWe predict the possibility of large direct CP asymmetry in $B^0 \\\\to\\u000a\\\\pi^{+}\\\\pi^{-}$ $(23\\\\pm7 %)$ and $B^0\\\\to
Yong-Yeon Keum
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
In less than two years of operation ERTS-1 is shown to have successfully completed its experimental mission and to be delivering an ever-increasing roster of benefits. The widening ERTS applications reviewed include air quality and weather modification, aid to oil exploration, ore-deposit exploration, short-lived event observation, flood area assessment and flood-plain mapping, land and water quality assessment, soil association mapping, crop production measurements, wildlife resources, drought and desertification studies, ground-water exploration, watershed surveys, snow and ice monitoring, surface water mapping, and iceberg surveys. Future projects and developments are also briefly reviewed.
Mercanti, E. P.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A general overview of activities involving lithium batteries, which shows the various applications and data that were performed for numerous industry and government sponsors is presented. Brief discussions on electrochemical criteria selection, and typical storage and performance data obtained from three systems being developed are presented. Current safety work being done on high-rate, D, SO2 cells is also discussed. Three chemistries were developed and are discussed: lithium vanadium pentoxide, lithium sulfur dioxide, and lithium thionyl chloride. Storage, performance and safety data are graphically presented.
Berlangieri, N. J.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This viewgraph document reviews some potential uses for Radio Frequency Identification in space missions. One of these is inventory management in space, including the methods used in Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and Space Station. The potential RFID uses in a remote human outpost are reviewed. The use of Ultra-Wideband RFID for tracking are examined such as that used in Sapphire DART The advantages of RFID in passive, wireless sensors in NASA applications are shown such as: Micrometeoroid impact detection and Sensor measurements in environmental facilities The potential for E-textiles for wireless and RFID are also examined.
Fink, Patrick, Ph.D.; Kennedy, Timothy, Ph.D; Powers, Anne; Haridi, Yasser; Chu, Andrew; Lin, Greg; Yim, Hester; Byerly, Kent, Ph.D.; Barton, Richard, Ph.D.; Khayat, Michael, Ph.D.; Studor, George; Brocato, Robert; Ngo, Phong; Arndt, G. D., Ph.D.; Gross, Julia; Phan, Chau; Ni, David, Ph.D.; Dusl, John; Dekome, Kent
Laser applications in phlebology
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
PURPOSE: review of laser used in phlebology METHOD: critical analysis of scientific data taken from the literature and based on 25 years personal experience. RESULTS: we have three groups of laser applications in phlebology: for the diagnosis, as physical therapy and as surgical therapy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: the laser-doppler studies the microcirculations, the no-surgical therapy shown positive results in the treatment of venous ulcers and for the wound healing. It could be indicate also as antiphlogistic and anti-edema therapy, in superficial thrombophlebitis. The surgical laser is useful for the surgical cleaning of ulcers, for haemorroids, angiomas and telangiectases.
Longo, Leonardo; Mancini, S.; Postiglione, Marco; Postiglione, M. G.
Industrial application experiment series
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Two procurements within the Industrial Application Experiment Series of the Thermal Power Systems Project are discussed. The first procurement, initiated in April 1980, resulted in an award to the Applied Concepts Corporation for the Capital Concrete Experiment: two Fresnel concentrating collectors will be evaluated in single-unit installations at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Parabolic Dish Test Site and at Capitol Concrete Products, Topeka, Kansas. The second procurement, initiated in March 1981, is titled, "Thermal System Engineering Experiment B." The objective of the procurement is the rapid deployment of developed parabolic dish collectors.
Bluhm, S. A.
Croissance epitaxiale de GaAs sur substrats de Ge par epitaxie par faisceaux chimiques
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
La situation energetique et les enjeux environnementaux auxquels la societe est confrontee entrainent un interet grandissant pour la production d'electricite a partir de l'energie solaire. Parmi les technologies actuellement disponibles, la filiere du photovoltaique a concentrateur solaire (CPV pour concentrator photovoltaics) possede un rendement superieur et mi potentiel interessant a condition que ses couts de production soient competitifs. La methode d'epitaxie par faisceaux chimiques (CBE pour chemical beam epitaxy) possede plusieurs caracteristiques qui la rendent interessante pour la production a grande echelle de cellules photovoltaiques a jonctions multiples a base de semi-conducteurs III-V. Ce type de cellule possede la meilleure efficacite atteinte a ce jour et est utilise sur les satellites et les systemes photovoltaiques a concentrateur solaire (CPV) les plus efficaces. Une des principales forces de la technique CBE se trouve dans son potentiel d'efficacite d'utilisation des materiaux source qui est superieur a celui de la technique d'epitaxie qui est couramment utilisee pour la production a grande echelle de ces cellules. Ce memoire de maitrise presente les travaux effectues dans le but d'evaluer le potentiel de la technique CBE pour realiser la croissance de couches de GaAs sur des substrats de Ge. Cette croissance constitue la premiere etape de fabrication de nombreux modeles de cellules solaires a haute performance decrites plus haut. La realisation de ce projet a necessite le developpement d'un procede de preparation de surface pour les substrats de germanium, la realisation de nombreuses sceances de croissance epitaxiale et la caracterisation des materiaux obtenus par microscopie optique, microscopie a force atomique (AFM), diffraction des rayons-X a haute resolution (HRXRD), microscopie electronique a transmission (TEM), photoluminescence a basse temperature (LTPL) et spectrometrie de masse des ions secondaires (SIMS). Les experiences ont permis de confirmer l'efficacite du procede de preparation de surface et d'identifier les conditions de croissance optimales. Les resultats de caracterisation indiquent que les materiaux obtenus presentent une tres faible rugosite de surface, une bonne qualite cristalline et un dopage residuel relativement important. De plus, l'interface GaAs/Ge possede une faible densite de defauts. Finalement, la diffusion d'arsenic dans le substrat de germanium est comparable aux valeurs trouvees dans la litterature pour la croissance a basse temperature avec les autres procedes d'epitaxie courants. Ces resultats confirment que la technique d'epitaxie par faisceaux chimiques (CBE) permet de produire des couches de GaAs sur Ge de qualite adequate pour la fabrication de cellules solaires a haute performance. L'apport a la communaute scientifique a ete maximise par le biais de la redaction d'un article soumis a la revue Journal of Crystal Growth et la presentation des travaux a la conference Photovoltaics Canada 2010 . Mots-cles : Epitaxie par jets chimiques, Chemical beam epitaxy, CBE, MOMBE, Germanium, GaAs, Ge
Belanger, Simon
Aerospace materials for nonaerospace applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Many of the flame-resistant nonmetallic materials that were developed for the Apollo and Skylab programs are discussed for commercial and military applications. Interchanges of information are taking place with the government agencies, industries, and educational institutions, which are interested in applications of fire-safe nonmetallic materials. These materials are particularly applicable to the design of aircraft, mass transit interiors, residential and public building constructions, nursing homes and hospitals, and to other fields of fire safety applications. Figures 22, 23 and 24 show the potential nonaerospace applications of flame-resistant aerospace materials are shown.
Johnston, R. L.; Dawn, F. S.
Direct application of geothermal energy
An overall treatment of direct geothermal applications is presented with an emphasis on the above-ground engineering. The types of geothermal resources and their general extent in the US are described. The potential market that may be served with geothermal energy is considered briefly. The evaluation considerations, special design aspects, and application approaches for geothermal energy use in each of the applications are considered. The present applications in the US are summarized and a bibliography of recent studies and applications is provided. (MHR)
Reistad, G.M.
Biomedical applications of bisphosphonates.
Since their discovery over 100 years ago, bisphosphonates have been used industrially as corrosion inhibitors and complexing agents. With the discovery of their pharmacological activity in the late 1960s, implicating their high affinity for hydroxyapatite, bisphosphonates have been employed in the treatment of bone diseases and as targeting agents for colloids and drugs. They have notably been investigated for the treatment of Paget's disease, osteoporosis, bone metastases, malignancy-associated hypercalcemia, and pediatric bone diseases. Currently, they are first-line medications for several of these diseases and are taken by millions of patients worldwide, mostly postmenopausal women. A major problem associated with their use is their low oral bioavailability. Several delivery systems have been proposed to improve their absorption and to direct them to sites other than bone tissues. Beyond their important pharmacological role, the medical applications of bisphosphonates are numerous. In addition, their metal-chelating properties have been exploited to coat and stabilize implants, nanoparticulates, and contrast agents. In this contribution, we review the pharmacological and clinical uses of bisphosphonates and highlight their novel applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. PMID:23395668
Giger, Elisabeth V; Castagner, Bastien; Leroux, Jean-Christophe
Medicinal applications of fullerenes
Fullerenes have attracted considerable attention in different fields of science since their discovery in 1985. Investigations of physical, chemical and biological properties of fullerenes have yielded promising information. It is inferred that size, hydrophobicity, three-dimensionality and electronic configurations make them an appealing subject in medicinal chemistry. Their unique carbon cage structure coupled with immense scope for derivatization make them a potential therapeutic agent. The study of biological applications has attracted increasing attention despite the low solubility of carbon spheres in physiological media. The fullerene family, and especially C60, has appealing photo, electrochemical and physical properties, which can be exploited in various medical fields. Fullerene is able to fit inside the hydrophobic cavity of HIV proteases, inhibiting the access of substrates to the catalytic site of enzyme. It can be used as radical scavenger and antioxidant. At the same time, if exposed to light, fullerene can produce singlet oxygen in high quantum yields. This action, together with direct electron transfer from excited state of fullerene and DNA bases, can be used to cleave DNA. In addition, fullerenes have been used as a carrier for gene and drug delivery systems. Also they are used for serum protein profiling as MELDI material for biomarker discovery. In this review we report the aspects of medicinal applications of fullerenes.
Bakry, Rania; Vallant, Rainer M; Najam-ul-Haq, Muhammad; Rainer, Matthias; Szabo, Zoltan; Huck, Christian W; Bonn, Gunther K
Clean Energy Application Center
The Mid Atlantic Clean Energy Application Center (MACEAC), managed by The Penn State College of Engineering, serves the six states in the Mid-Atlantic region (Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia) plus the District of Columbia. The goals of the Mid-Atlantic CEAC are to promote the adoption of Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) and District Energy Systems (DES) in the Mid Atlantic area through education and technical support to more than 1,200 regional industry and government representatives in the region. The successful promotion of these technologies by the MACEAC was accomplished through the following efforts; (1)The MACEAC developed a series of technology transfer networks with State energy and environmental offices, Association of Energy Engineers local chapters, local community development organizations, utilities and, Penn State Department of Architectural Engineering alumni and their firms to effectively educate local practitioners about the energy utilization, environmental and economic advantages of CHP, WHR and DES; (2) Completed assessments of the regional technical and market potential for CHP, WHR and DE technologies application in the context of state specific energy prices, state energy and efficiency portfolio development. The studies were completed for Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland and included a set of incentive adoption probability models used as a to guide during implementation discussions with State energy policy makers; (3) Using the technical and market assessments and adoption incentive models, the Mid Atlantic CEAC developed regional strategic action plans for the promotion of CHP Application technology for Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland; (4) The CHP market assessment and incentive adoption model information was discussed, on a continuing basis, with relevant state agencies, policy makers and Public Utility Commission organizations resulting in CHP favorable incentive programs in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Delaware; (5) Developed and maintained a MACEAC website to provide technical information and regional CHP, WHR and DE case studies and site profiles for use by interested stakeholders in information transfer and policy discussions; (6) Provided Technical Assistance through feasibility studies and on site evaluations. The MACEAC completed 28 technical evaluations and 9 Level 1 CHP analyses ; and (7) the MACEAC provided Technical Education to the region through a series of 29 workshops and webinars, 37 technical presentations, 14 seminars and participation in 13 CHP conferences.
Freihaut, Jim
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) has a rich history of development which began in the 1960s with 10 meter-level first generation systems. These systems evolved with order of magnitude improvements to the systems that now produce several millimeter single shot range precisions. What began, in part, as an interesting application of the new laser technology has become an essential component of modern, precision space geodesy, which in turn enables contributions to a variety of science areas. Modern space geodesy is the beneficiary of technological developments which have enabled precision geodetic measurements. Aside from SLR and its closely related technique, Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) has made prominent science contributions also. In recent years, the Global Positioning System (GPS) has demonstrated a rapidly growing popularity as the result of demonstrated low cost with high precision instrumentation. Other modern techniques such as DORIS have demonstrated the ability to make significant science contributions; furthermore, PRARE can be expected to contribute in its own right. An appropriate question is 'why should several techniques be financially supported'? While there are several answers, I offer the opinion that, in consideration of the broad science areas that are the benefactors of space geodesy, no single technique can meet all the requirements and/or expectations of the science areas in which space geodesy contributes or has the potential for contributing. The more well-known science areas include plate tectonics, earthquake processes, Earth rotation/orientation, gravity (static and temporal), ocean circulation, land, and ice topography, to name a few applications. It is unfortunate that the modern space geodesy techniques are often viewed as competitive, but this view is usually encouraged by funding competition, especially in an era of growing needs but diminishing budgets. The techniques are, for the most part, complementary and the ability to reduce the data to geodetic parameters from several techniques promotes confidence in the geophysical interpretations. In the following sections, the current SLR applications are reviewed in the context of the other techniques. The strengths and limitations of SLR are reviewed and speculation about the future prospects are offered.
Schutz, Bob E.
Applications of modern ferroelectrics.
Long viewed as a topic in classical physics, ferroelectricity can be described by a quantum mechanical ab initio theory. Thin-film nanoscale device structures integrated onto Si chips have made inroads into the semiconductor industry. Recent prototype applications include ultrafast switching, cheap room-temperature magnetic-field detectors, piezoelectric nanotubes for microfluidic systems, electrocaloric coolers for computers, phased-array radar, and three-dimensional trenched capacitors for dynamic random access memories. Terabit-per-square-inch ferroelectric arrays of lead zirconate titanate have been reported on Pt nanowire interconnects and nanorings with 5-nanometer diameters. Finally, electron emission from ferroelectrics yields cheap, high-power microwave devices and miniature x-ray and neutron sources. PMID:17303745
Scott, J F
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
High energy and particle physics has considerable acquired knowledge, expertise and resources that can, when transferred in a realistic way, significantly impact the practice of medical imaging for diagnosis and therapy. This overview introductory talk "from basic science to the clinical reality" intends to show how successful technology transfer between fundamental research in particle physics and medical imaging can be achieved using some specific examples. Using as input, the recent advance of HEP state of the art techniques and tools in detectors developments such as solid state and gaseous detectors, calorimeters, photodetectors, read-out electronics and simulations, some direct applications in medical and molecular imaging will be presented like Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and particle therapy.
Le Dû, Patrick
The Booster Applications Facility
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
In support of the human exploration program, NASA is providing $33 million to the U.S. Department of Energy to construct a radiation simulator, known as the Booster Applications Facility (BAF). The BAF justification is briefly reviewed (e.g., to reduce the radiation risk uncertainties from its present factor of 4 to 15). The BAF beam specifications are provided, as are discussions of the BAF construction schedule and anticipated operating schedules (e.g., initial operation anticipated for October 1, 2002). A breakdown of the BAF construction costs is included and the operating costs are discussed (e.g., $5 to $6 million per year). The BAF laboratory layout and the various types of DOE support for the BAF are summarized, as are the peer reviews of the project. The characteristic parameters of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron are also included. .
Goodwin, David P.
Laser applications in neurosurgery
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The "false start" of the laser in neurosurgery should not be misconstrued as a denial of the inherent advantages of precision and gentleness in dealing with neural tissue. Rather, early investigators were frustrated by unrealistic expectations, cumbersome equipment, and a general ignorance of microtechnique. By the early 70s, microneurosurgery was well established, surgical laser equipment for free hand and microlinked application had been developed, and a more realistic view of the limitations of the laser had been established. Consequently, the late 70s really heralded the renaissance of the laser in neurosurgery. Since then, there has been an overwhelming acceptance of the tool in a variety of clinical situations, broadly categorized in five groups. 1)|Perhaps the most generally accepted area is in the removal of extra-axial tumors of the brain and spinal cord. These tumors, benign by histology but treacherous by location, do not present until a significant amount of neurological compensation has already occurred. The application of additional trauma to the neural tissue, whether by further tumor growth or surgical manipulation, frequently results in irreversible damage. Here, the ability of the laser to vaporize tissue, in a fairly hemostatic fashion, without mechanical or thermal damage to sensitive surrounding tissues, is essential. 2)|The ability to incise delicate neural tissue with minimal spread of thermal destruction to adjacent functioning tissue makes the laser the ideal instrument when tumors deep under the surface are encountered in the brain or spinal cord. Thus, the second group of applications is in the transgression of normal neural structures to arrive at deeper pathological tissue. 3)|The third area of benefit for the laser in neurosurgery has been in the performance of neuroablative procedures, calling for deliberate destruction of functioning neural tissue in a controlled fashion. Again, the precision and shape confinement of the destructive beam makes the laser superior to all conventional destructive instruments. 4)|The coagulative properties of certain chromophoric lasers has allowed a new attack on certain vascular tumors and malformations of the brain and spinal cord which had been operated only with trepidation or not at all. Early reports are sobering but encouraging. 5)|Finally, the use of the laser with tissue photosensitization, albeit it in its infancy, offers great promise. This is particularly true in the case of primary brain cancer, where the infiltration of tumorous tissue among normal pathways precludes the classical oncologic surgery practice of resection of a "safe margin". The ability to track and destroy these cells, without affecting adjacent cells, may be the greatest single contribution of the laser to neurosurgery in the future. The present applications of the laser are relatively crude by comparison with what is expected. Endoscopic laser surgery, both vascular and subarachnoid, will diminish morbidity and improve results. From the exotic treatment of aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations of the brain to the mundane care of herniated disks of the spine, it is anticipated that the laser will play an important role. The use of a laser, coupled with computerized imagining devices, will allow increasing precision in arrival to and treatment of deep seated lesions of the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. The use of different wavelengths, perhaps in the X-ray and ultraviolet spectra, will allow increasing precision with decreasing invasion. Manipulation of wavelength, time, and treatment area will allow subcellular surgery, perhaps in the treatment of personality disorders and movement disorders as well as epilepsy. Tissue welding will allow heightened regenerative and recuperative powers to be exploited. The possibility of laser biostimulation must also be considered. In short, it appears that the future of the laser in neurosurgery is limited only by the imagination of the surgeons. Certainly, the opportunity to exploit new wavelengths offered by the F
Cerullo, Leonard J.
Analytical applications of positrons
In using positrons as analytical tools the experimenter has two quite different options. The first and more obvious is to duplicate electron methods with positrons and see what differences (if any) result. The second is to exploit a unique characteristic of positrons, such as the formation and decay of the positronium atom, to study chemical composition and surface characteristics. Because positrons do not exist freely in our world, they must be obtained from radioactive sources or nuclear interactions. Source intensity has consequently been a limiting factor in experiments that attempt to duplicate electron applications. Some methods of producing and moderating positrons that have been developed here (and elsewhere) are described as well as results from studies using the sources. Surface measurements require less intense sources and yield useful data on materials such as xeolites, silica gels, graphite and alumina. Experimental apparatus, data and interpretation are discussed.
Dale, J.M.; Hulett, L.D.; Pendyala, S.; Lyon, W.S.
Electrodes for microfluidic applications
An electrode device for high pressure applications. These electrodes, designed to withstand pressure of greater than 10,000 psi, are adapted for use in microfluidic devices that employ electrokinetic or electrophoretic flow. The electrode is composed, generally, of an outer electrically insulating tubular body having a porous ceramic frit material disposed in one end of the outer body. The pores of the porous ceramic material are filled with an ion conductive polymer resin. A conductive material situated on the upper surface of the porous ceramic frit material and, thus isolated from direct contact with the electrolyte, forms a gas diffusion electrode. A metal current collector, in contact with the gas diffusion electrode, provides connection to a voltage source.
Crocker, Robert W. (Fremont, CA); Harnett, Cindy K. (Livermore, CA); Rognlien, Judith L. (Livermore, CA)
I am afraid the situation with respect to the Challenge Grants will be similar in that only a small fraction of the expected deluge of grants will be funded. NIH has provided a very specific list of over 60 topics and a simple calculation shows that only a couple of grants will be funded per topic. Science magazine quotes the Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of California, Irvine as saying that her campus will be submitting "over 200" Challenge Grants. My discussions with friends from other universities suggest that this is a typical response. Even if this is an overestimate by a factor of 2, this would still translate to many thousands of applications flooding into the NIH, putting the payline well below the 4% that I experienced from the DoD. As was the case with the Army grants, I suspect that if the topics are not addressed exactly, grants will not stand a chance.
Wiley, H. S.
Biotechnological Applications of Transglutaminases
In nature, transglutaminases catalyze the formation of amide bonds between proteins to form insoluble protein aggregates. This specific function has long been exploited in the food and textile industries as a protein cross-linking agent to alter the texture of meat, wool, and leather. In recent years, biotechnological applications of transglutaminases have come to light in areas ranging from material sciences to medicine. There has also been a substantial effort to further investigate the fundamentals of transglutaminases, as many of their characteristics that remain poorly understood. Those studies also work towards the goal of developing transglutaminases as more efficient catalysts. Progress in this area includes structural information and novel chemical and biological assays. Here, we review recent achievements in this area in order to illustrate the versatility of transglutaminases.
Rachel, Natalie M.; Pelletier, Joelle N.
Kazakhstan receiving acreage applications
Kazakhstan is receiving applications for exploration and development rights to large tracts in the central and eastern parts of the republic. The program is part of a country-wide effort to attract more foreign investigators to help underwrite massive industrial privatization aimed at revitalizing Kazakhstan's economy. A delegation of Kazakh officials visited Houston the last week in November to publicize petroleum opportunities in the republic and appeared Dec. 1--2 at a conference to present an overview of Kazakhstan's petroleum prospectivity. Officials also reviewed recently approved legal, financial, and environmental legislation intended to improve the attractiveness of investing in Kazakhstan's energy sector. This paper discusses the status of development, gives a geologic overview, and highlights the geology of the South Torgay and Teniz basins.
Not Available
Nanodielectrics for Cryogenic Applications
In this paper we report the recent advances in nanodielectrics that were developed and tested for cryogenic dielectric applications. The systems studied are composed of nanometer size particles. Particles were produced using either an ex-situ or in-situ technique. It is observed that there are clear differences in the structural properties of materials produced using these two approaches. Either no significant degradation or improvement in the electrical insulation properties were observed for ex-situ nano-particle samples processed with an ultrasonic processor and in-situ nano-particle samples. Nanodielectrics have the potential to be tailored with better thermal and mechanical properties without losing their electrical insulation characteristics.
Tuncer, Enis [ORNL; Sauers, Isidor [ORNL; James, David Randy [ORNL; Ellis, Alvin R [ORNL; Pace, Marshall O [ORNL; More, Karren [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Sathyamurthy, Srivatsan [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Woodward, Jonathan [ORNL; Rondinone, Adam Justin [ORNL
The role of secondary refrigerants is expected to grow as the focus on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions increases. The effectiveness of secondary refrigerants can be improved when phase changing media are introduced in place of single phase media. Operating at temperatures below the freezing point of water, ice slurry facilitates several efficiency improvements such as reductions in pumping energy consumption as well as lowering the required temperature difference in heat exchangers due to the beneficial thermo-physical properties of ice slurry. Research has shown that ice slurry can be engineered to have ideal ice particle characteristics so that it can be easily stored in tanks without agglomeration and then be extractable for pumping at very high ice fraction without plugging. In addition ice slurry can be used in many direct contact food and medical protective cooling applications. This paper provides an overview of the latest developments in ice slurry technology.
Kauffeld, M.; WANG, M. J.; Goldstein, V.; Kasza, K. E.
Biological applications of nanobiotechnology.
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that covers a vast and diverse array of devices derived from engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. Nanotechnology has opened up by rapid advances in science and technology, creating new opportunities for advances in the fields of medicine, electronics, foods, and the environment. Nanoscale structures and materials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes) have been explored in many biological applications (biosensing, biological separation, molecular imaging, anticancer therapy) because their novel properties and functions differ drastically from their bulk counterparts. Their high volume/surface ratio, improved solubility, and multifunctionality open many new possibilities. The objective of this review is to describe the potential benefits and impacts of the nanobiotechnology in different areas. PMID:24730317
de Morais, Michele Greque; Martins, Vilásia Guimarães; Steffens, Daniela; Pranke, Patricia; da Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This site offers four interactive modules that investigate the applications of DNA science to improve medicine and society. The modules focus on forensic analysis, such as DNA fingerprinting, solving the mystery of Anastasia Romanov, and using DNA to determine human origins, as well as using DNA to advance human health. Each module is subdivided into additional parts. These parts include videos of scientists, computer simulations, and tutorials. One tutorial covers The Innocence Project,a non-profit legal clinic that uses DNA evidence to help convicted criminals prove their innocence. In one simulation, visitors can match DNA samples between a convicted criminal and those collected from the scene of the crime. Copyright 2005 Eisenhower National Clearinghouse
Laboratory, Dolan D.
Environmental applications of chemometrics
The increasing availability of instrumentation capable of continuous sampling and real-time multicomponent analysis has led to what one of the authors aptly describes as data burdened researchers. Nowhere has this effect been more visible than in the realm of environmental analyses. The complexity of environmental samples has led to the implementation of extensive monitoring networks and has resulted in the generation of a vast database of information. In this book, the editors have compiled 19 separate papers dealing with mathematical methods by which useful information may be extracted from this database. Each of these 19 chapters deals with a particular application of chemometrics to an environmental problem. The chapters range in length from 7 to 30 pages, with an average of 14 pages. A wide range of applications is illustrated, including the distribution of PCB residues in human adipose tissue, characterization of rain water composition, identification of mineral phases in oil shales, interpretation of a water quality database, and contributions of specific sources to the ambient aerosol. A diversity of computational approaches was similarly represented with the SIMCA method, partial least-squares solutions, fuzzy C-varieties of pattern recognition, and Kriging being invoked about as often as the now-classical principal components analysis. Several of the chapters deal exclusively with the mathematical aspects of various chemometric methodologies. The quality of the papers presented was quite good, and an up-to-date set of references, with many from 1984 and a few from 1985, adds to the value that this work will have for researchers in environmental chemometrics.
Breen, J.J.; Robinson, P.E. (eds.)
Clinical application of ghrelin.
Ghrelin as a human natural hormone is involved in fundamental regulatory processes of eating and energy balance. Ghrelin signals the nutrient availability from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system, up-regulates food intake and lowers energy expenditure mainly through hypothalamic mediators acting both centrally and peripherally including the gastrointestinal tract (motility, epithelium), promotes both neuro-endocrine and inflammatory signals to increase skeletal muscle growth and decrease protein breakdown, and increases lipolysis while body fat utilization is reduced. Ghrelin does more to exert its probably sentinel role around "human energy": it influences through mainly extra-hypothalamic actions the hedonic and incentive value of food, mood and anxiety, sleep-wake regulation, learning and memory, and neurogenesis. Recently numerous ghrelin gene-derived peptides were discovered, demonstrating the complexity within the ghrelin/ghrelin receptor axis. For clinical applications, not only the natural ghrelin and its slice variants, but also several modified or artificial molecules acting at ghrelin-associated receptors were and are developed. Current clinical applications are limited to clinical studies, focusing mainly on cachexia in chronic heart failure, COPD, cancer, endstage- renal-disease or cystic fibrosis, but also on frailty in elderly, gastrointestinal motility (e.g., gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia, postoperative ileus), after curative gastrectomy, anorexia nervosa, growth hormone deficient patients, alcohol craving, sleep-wake regulation (e.g. major depression), or sympathetic nervous activity in obesity. The results of completed, preliminary studies support the clinical potential of ghrelin, ghrelin gene-derived peptides, and artificial analogues, suggesting that larger clinical trials are demanded to move ghrelin towards an available and reimbursed pharmaceutical intervention. PMID:22632860
Strasser, Florian
[Skeleton extractions and applications].
This paper focuses on the extraction of skeletons of CAD models and its applications in finite element (FE) mesh generation. The term 'skeleton of a CAD model' can be visualized as analogous to the 'skeleton of a human body'. The skeletal representations covered in this paper include medial axis transform (MAT), Voronoi diagram (VD), chordal axis transform (CAT), mid surface, digital skeletons, and disconnected skeletons. In the literature, the properties of a skeleton have been utilized in developing various algorithms for extracting skeletons. Three main approaches include: (1) the bisection method where the skeleton exists at equidistant from at least two points on boundary, (2) the grassfire propagation method in which the skeleton exists where the opposing fronts meet, and (3) the duality method where the skeleton is a dual of the object. In the last decade, the author has applied different skeletal representations in all-quad meshing, hex meshing, mid-surface meshing, mesh size function generation, defeaturing, and decomposition. A brief discussion on the related work from other researchers in the area of tri meshing, tet meshing, and anisotropic meshing is also included. This paper concludes by summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of the skeleton-based approaches in solving various geometry-centered problems in FE mesh generation. The skeletons have proved to be a great shape abstraction tool in analyzing the geometric complexity of CAD models as they are symmetric, simpler (reduced dimension), and provide local thickness information. However, skeletons generally require some cleanup, and stability and sensitivity of the skeletons should be controlled during extraction. Also, selecting a suitable application-specific skeleton and a computationally efficient method of extraction is critical.
Quadros, William Roshan
De l'importance des orbites periodiques: Detection et applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
L'ensemble des Orbites Periodiques Instables (OPIs) d'un systeme chaotique est intimement relie a ses proprietes dynamiques. A partir de l'ensemble (en principe infini) d'OPIs cachees dans l'espace des phases, on peut obtenir des quantites dynamiques importantes telles les exposants de Lyapunov, la mesure invariante, l'entropie topologique et la dimension fractale. En chaos quantique (i.e. l'etude de systemes quantiques qui ont un equivalent chaotique dans la limite classique), ces memes OPIs permettent de faire le pont entre le comportement classique et quantique de systemes non-integrables. La localisation de ces cycles fondamentaux est un probleme complexe. Cette these aborde dans un premier temps le probleme de la detection des OPIs dans les systemes chaotiques. Une etude comparative de deux algorithmes recents est presentee. Nous approfondissons ces deux methodes afin de les utiliser sur differents systemes dont des flots continus dissipatifs et conservatifs. Une analyse du taux de convergence des algorithmes est aussi realisee afin de degager les forces et les limites de ces schemes numeriques. Les methodes de detection que nous utilisons reposent sur une transformation particuliere de la dynamique initiale. Cette astuce nous a inspire une methode alternative pour cibler et stabiliser une orbite periodique quelconque dans un systeme chaotique. Le ciblage est en general combine aux methodes de controle pour stabiliser rapidement un cycle donne. En general, il faut connaitre la position et la stabilite du cycle en question. La nouvelle methode de ciblage que nous presentons ne demande pas de connaitre a priori la position et la stabilite des orbites periodiques. Elle pourrait etre un outil complementaire aux methodes de ciblage et de controle actuelles.
Doyon, Bernard
Tests on the Fire Resistance Behavior of Materials inside Civil Aircraft les Essais de Comportement au Feu des Materiaux d'Interieur d'Avions Civiles.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The equipment employed to perform tests and to identify the gases released from exact replicas of cabin elements is presented. Details are given on the way in which these tests are carried out, the criteria imposed and the results obtained.
A. A. Blavy
Advantages and Limitations of Various Materials Used in the Construction of Modules Atout et Limites d'Emplois des Divers Materiaux Utilises dans la Construction des Cellules.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Steels, light alloys, titanium alloys, and composites are compared for economy, mechanical characteristics, energy content, fatigue effects and toughness. The use of these materials in civil and military aircraft, helicopters, and engines is surveyed. Inc...
G. Hilaire
C.N.D. Des Materiaux Composites: Choix de la Methode en Fonction du Besoin (Composite Materials Nondestructive Tests: Choice of Methods Depending on Requirements).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Nondestructive tests of high performance composite materials used in the aerospace industry such as carbon epoxy composites are discussed. Thermography, holography, and tomography are studied. It is shown that the optimum choice is very much dependent on ...
P. Barbier
Contribution à l'analyse des mouvements gravitaires rapides de grande ampleur par la comparaison des materiaux sources et des dépôts: exemples alpins
Source areas and deposits of the La Madeleine rockslide-avalanche were analysed to quantify particle-size reduction with transport. Block volumes of the source area are simulated using geometrical programs based on stereological data. Grain volumes of the deposits are estimated by image analysis and granulometric tests. Comparison of the blokometric and granulometric curves reveal preservation of larger blocks and production of
N. Pollet
Contribution a l'Identification des Lois de Comportement Non Lineaires en Mecanique des Materiaux (Contribution to the Identification of Nonlinear Behavior Laws in Material Mechanics).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Tools specific to the identification of nonlinear behavior are considered taking the following into account: identification is an essential step in the development of a constitutive model; in view of the model's structure, this step remains often empirica...
B. Lamani
Comportement Mecanique a Haute Temperature des Materiaux Carbure de Silicium et Mullite Zircone (Mechanical Behavior of Silicon Carbide and Mullite Zirconia at High Temperatures).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A covalent sintered material (SiC) and a reaction sintered composite containing a significant amount of a glassy phase (mullite-zirconia) are studied. The thermomechanical behavior of SiC materials is analyzed, and toughness is investigated by means of in...
F. Gheldane
7 CFR 3402.10 - Application package.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...Preparation of an Application § 3402.10 Application package. Applications will be available at http://www.grants.gov and through the CSREES Web site. An application package will be made available to any...
7 CFR 3402.10 - Application package.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...Preparation of an Application § 3402.10 Application package. Applications will be available at http://www.grants.gov and through the CSREES Web site. An application package will be made available to any...
Conductivite dans le modele de Hubbard bi-dimensionnel a faible couplage
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Le modele de Hubbard bi-dimensionnel (2D) est souvent considere comme le modele minimal pour les supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique a base d'oxyde de cuivre (SCHT). Sur un reseau carre, ce modele possede les phases qui sont communes a tous les SCHT, la phase antiferromagnetique, la phase supraconductrice et la phase dite du pseudogap. Il n'a pas de solution exacte, toutefois, plusieurs methodes approximatives permettent d'etudier ses proprietes de facon numerique. Les proprietes optiques et de transport sont bien connues dans les SCHT et sont donc de bonne candidates pour valider un modele theorique et aider a comprendre mieux la physique de ces materiaux. La presente these porte sur le calcul de ces proprietes pour le modele de Hubbard 2D a couplage faible ou intermediaire. La methode de calcul utilisee est l'approche auto-coherente a deux particules (ACDP), qui est non-perturbative et inclue l'effet des fluctuations de spin et de charge a toutes les longueurs d'onde. La derivation complete de l'expression de la conductivite dans l'approche ACDP est presentee. Cette expression contient ce qu'on appelle les corrections de vertex, qui tiennent compte des correlations entre quasi-particules. Pour rendre possible le calcul numerique de ces corrections, des algorithmes utilisant, entre autres, des transformees de Fourier rapides et des splines cubiques sont developpes. Les calculs sont faits pour le reseau carre avec sauts aux plus proches voisins autour du point critique antiferromagnetique. Aux dopages plus faibles que le point critique, la conductivite optique presente une bosse dans l'infrarouge moyen a basse temperature, tel qu'observe dans plusieurs SCHT. Dans la resistivite en fonction de la temperature, on trouve un comportement isolant dans le pseudogap lorsque les corrections de vertex sont negligees et metallique lorsqu'elles sont prises en compte. Pres du point critique, la resistivite est lineaire en T a basse temperature et devient progressivement proportionnelle a T 2 a fort dopage. Quelques resultats avec sauts aux voisins plus eloignes sont aussi presentes. Mots-cles: Hubbard, point critique quantique, conductivite, corrections de vertex
Bergeron, Dominic
Arrete du 28 avril 1989 fixant les categories de produits non soumis aux dispositions de l'article R5235 nouveau du code de la sante publique en application des b et c du huitieme alinea de cet article. (Order of 28 April 1989 fixing the categories of products not subject to the new article R5235 of the Public Health Code in implementation of paragraph eight b and c of that article).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This Order establishes the categories of products containing radioelements with a low specific activity or having a limited radiotoxicity which are exempted from the licensing regime for artificial radioelements for non-medical or other uses or which do n...
40 CFR 72.32 - Permit application shield and binding effect of permit application.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...application shield and binding effect of permit application... PERMITS REGULATION Acid Rain Permit Applications ...application shield and binding effect of permit application...submits a timely and complete Acid Rain permit...
40 CFR 72.32 - Permit application shield and binding effect of permit application.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...application shield and binding effect of permit application... PERMITS REGULATION Acid Rain Permit Applications ...application shield and binding effect of permit application...submits a timely and complete Acid Rain permit...
Persistent Applications via Automatic Recovery
Building highly available enterprise applications using web-oriented middleware is hard. Runtime implementations frequently do not address the problems of application state persistence and fault-tolerance, placing the burden of managing session state and, in particular, handling system failures on application programmers. This paper describes Phoenix\\/APP, a runtime service based on the notion of recovery guarantees. Phoenix\\/APP transparently masks failures and automatically
Roger S. Barga; David B. Lomet; Stelios Paparizos; Haifeng Yu; Sirish Chandrasekaran
Porous microsphere and its applications
Porous microspheres have drawn great attention in the last two decades for their potential applications in many fields, such as carriers for drugs, absorption and desorption of substances, pulmonary drug delivery, and tissue regeneration. The application of porous microspheres has become a feasible way to address existing problems. In this essay, we give a brief introduction of the porous microsphere, its characteristics, preparation methods, applications, and a brief summary of existing problems and research tendencies.
Cai, Yunpeng; Chen, Yinghui; Hong, Xiaoyun; Liu, Zhenguo; Yuan, Weien
Remote applications of photovoltaic systems
Photovoltaic (PV) systems can meet the energy needs of small and remote grid-independent applications. These applications are characterized by the need for a highly reliable source of electrical energy to meet relatively small loads in areas where conventional sources are too costly to install and/or cannot be maintained. A major application for PV is for use in rural electrification both in the US and in the developing countries. 7 refs., 2 figs.
Post, H.N.; Jones, G.J.; Thomas, M.G.; Casbarro, J.J.; Firor, K.
Space vehicle gyroscope sensor applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Considerations which form the basis for the specification, design and evaluation of gyroscopes for spaceborne sensor applications are presented. The applications are distinguished by basic vehicle category: launch vehicles, spacecraft, entry vehicles and sounding rockets. Specifically excluded from discussion are gyroscope effector applications. Exotic or unconventional gyroscopes for which operational experience is nonexistent are mentioned only briefly to alert the reader of future trends. General requirements for testing and evaluation are discussed.
Applications of Alginates in Food
\\u000a Alginates are a group of viscous polysaccharides derived from brown seaweeds and produced as an extracellular matrix by some\\u000a bacterial species. Traditionally, alginates have been used as thickeners, emulsifiers and stabilising agents in a number of\\u000a food applications. A number of new food applications are emerging for alginates, based on their unique biochemical and biophysical\\u000a properties. These applications are discussed
Iain A. Brownlee; Chris J. Seal; Matthew Wilcox; Peter W. Dettmar; Jeff P. Pearson
Enabling network-aware applications
Many high performance distributed applications use only a small fraction of their available bandwidth. A common cause of this problem is not a flaw in the application design, but rather improperly tuned network settings. Proper tuning techniques, such as setting the correct TCP buffers and using parallel streams, are well known in the networking community, but outside the networking community they are infrequently applied. In this paper, we describe a service that makes the task of network tuning trivial for application developers and users. Widespread use of this service should virtually eliminate a common stumbling block for high performance distributed applications.
Tierney, Brian L.; Gunter, Dan; Lee, Jason; Stouffer, Martin
National Center for Supercomputer Applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Viewgraphs on the National Center for Supercomputer Applications are presented. The objective is to develop comprehensive computational research environments through the use of evolving software technology.
Arrott, Matthew
Apply Pesticides Correctly, A Guide for Commercial Applicators: Aerial Application.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This guide contains basic information to meet specific standards for pesticide applicators. The text is concerned with the calibration of dry and liquid pesticide systems for aerial application. Additionally, dispersal equipment is discussed with considerations for environmental and safety factors. (CS)
Wamsley, Mary Ann, Ed.; Vermeire, Donna M., Ed.
Environmental applications of ultrasound
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The application of ultrasound to environmental problems relies on the process of acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid. The collapse of such bubbles creates hot spots with temperatures as high as 5000 K, pressures up to 800 atm, and cooling rates in excess of 1010K/s. This thesis describes the use of ultrasound for the dissolution of gas into water, an investigation the sonochemistry of ionic liquids, and the sonochemical preparation of nanostructured materials for the catalytic hydrodehalogenation of organic halides. A variety of ultrasonic methods and configurations were designed and tested for the dispersion and dissolution of O2 in water. Ultrasonic methods examined include 20 kHz Ti horns, 336 to 1.41 MHz transducers, specially designed ultrasonic gas dispersion cell including the hollow horn extensions, Ti frits, and a modified 20 kHz cup horn. Most methods increased the dispersion rate when compared to non-ultrasonic control runs. Room-temperature ionic liquids were examined for their potential application as green solvents for sonochemical reactions. The effects of ultrasound on room-temperature ionic liquids were investigated using butylmethyl imidazolium chloride (BuMeImCl), butylmethyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BuMeImBF 4), and decylmethyl imidazolium tetraphenylborate. Gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry head-gas analysis and multibubble sonoluminescence were used to show that room-temperature ionic liquids decomposed in the presence of ultrasound. As previously reported, molybdenum carbonyl and tungsten carbonyl were decomposed sonochemically in hexadecane to form porous aggregates of 2--3 nm high surface area Mo2C and W2C particles. The activity of these materials was studied for the catalytic hydrodehalogenation of aliphatic and aromatic halocarbons at low temperatures (T = 200--300°C). Both catalysts were selective, active, and stable for all substrates tested. The HDH of substrates bearing aliphatic C-Cl bonds occurs faster than those with aryl C-Cl bonds. Characterization of post catalytic materials with x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed no change in the bulk structure of the catalyst and chlorination of the surface metal species, respectively.
Oxley, James Dean
Parylene for MEMS applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The goal of this thesis is to utilize Parylene, a room-temperature chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) polymer, for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) applications. The identified unique properties of Parylene are used to fabricate various micromachining devices such as thermopneumatic microvalve, in-channel microflow restrictor, and electret microphones. First, the properties of Parylene as a MEMS material are reviewed. The electrical, thermal, surface, and mechanical properties are first compared with that of other materials and further studied specifically for MEMS applications. The high dielectric strength (determined as 250V/mum) of Parylene makes it suitable for use as an electrical insulation material. However, its high resistivity causes un-desired charging effects first described in polymer-based electrostatic devices. The undesired high pull-in voltage, "bounce-back," and "snap-down" effects caused by dielectric charging are studied. Second, to make Parylene as a surface-micromachined material, a process that overcomes the stiction problem has to be developed. Thus, a new technique that combines wet-acetone dissolution and dry BrF3 dry etching has developed to overcome the stiction problem, which prevents Parylene microstructures from freestanding. The devices of mm*mm size with high yield are demonstrated using this technology. A thermopneumatic microvalve with a corrugated silicone/Parylene composite membrane is designed, fabricated, and tested for gas flows of several slpm and inlet pressures of tens of psi. The lowest power consumption to turn off the gas flow is determined to be 73mW. A silicone-based microfluidic coupler, initially designed for microvalve packaging, is also demonstrated for its ability to connect the external macrofluidic world to microfluidic devices. The demonstrated "quick-connect" microfluidic coupler has low leakage, is reusable, and can maintain good seal up to 60 psi. An in-channel microflow restrictor is also demonstrated with freestanding Parylene integration technology. The demonstrated restrictor can modulate flow at several tens of nl/min range with inlet pressures of several psi. The restrictor, although AC-actuated, can modulate the flow up to 50%. Finally, an electret microphone with thin-film Teflon AF is demonstrated. Parylene is shown to enhance the rigidity and yield of the microphone back plate. The demonstrated electret microphone has an open sensitivity of up to 45mV/Pa with a bandwidth of up to 10KHz.
Yao, Tze-Jung
Development Support of Business Application Based on Enterprise Application Ongology
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
In this paper, we propose a supporting method for developments of Web applications in order to support communication between users and developers. Our method combines three-layer architecture modeling of Web application and knowledge sharing technologies based on ontologies. The ontologies, which are used in the method and called enterprise application ontology (EAO), enable users and developers to form common understanding about system specification. EAO covers three aspects (legal aspect, business process, and software design) of business which is a candidate of development of a Web application. EAO includes three ontologies constructed from each of the three aspects. Concepts and structure of EAO are applied on page transition models, which are called Web Process Architecture, of a Web application. As a case study, we applied our method for a development of a ledger accounting system in a local government. And we confirmed that our method could support the development on the business analysis phase.
Kondo, Keiichi; Morita, Takeshi; Izumi, Noriaki; Hasida, Kôiti; Yamaguchi, Takahira
Dorsal column stimulator applications
Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used to treat neuropathic pain since 1967. Following that, technological progress, among other advances, helped SCS become an effective tool to reduce pain. Methods: This article is a non-systematic review of the mechanism of action, indications, results, programming parameters, complications, and cost-effectiveness of SCS. Results: In spite of the existence of several studies that try to prove the mechanism of action of SCS, it still remains unknown. The mechanism of action of SCS would be based on the antidromic activation of the dorsal column fibers, which activate the inhibitory interneurons within the dorsal horn. At present, the indications of SCS are being revised constantly, while new applications are being proposed and researched worldwide. Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is the most common indication for SCS, whereas, the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is the second one. Also, this technique is useful in patients with refractory angina and critical limb ischemia, in whom surgical or endovascular treatment cannot be performed. Further indications may be phantom limb pain, chronic intractable pain located in the head, face, neck, or upper extremities, spinal lumbar stenosis in patients who are not surgical candidates, and others. Conclusion: Spinal cord stimulation is a useful tool for neuromodulation, if an accurate patient selection is carried out prior, which should include a trial period. Undoubtedly, this proper selection and a better knowledge of its underlying mechanisms of action, will allow this cutting edge technique to be more acceptable among pain physicians.
Yampolsky, Claudio; Hem, Santiago; Bendersky, Damian
Mobile shearography in applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Modern optical methods such as digital shearography have attracted interest not only for laboratory investigations but also for applications on the factory floor because they can be sensitive, accurate, non-tactile and non-destructive. Optical inspection and measurement systems are more and more used in the entire manufacturing process. Shearography as a coherent optical method has been widely accepted as a useful NDT tool. It is a robust interferometric method to determine locations with maximum stress on various material structures. However, limitations of this technique can be found in the bulky equipment components, the interpretation of the complex shearographic result images and a barely solvable challenge at the work with difficult surfaces like dark absorbing or bright reflecting materials. We report a mobile shearography system that was especially designed for investigations at aircraft constructions. The great advantage of this system is the adjusted balance of all single elements to a complete measurement procedure integrated in a handy body. Only with the arrangement of all involved parameters like loading, laser source, sensor unit and software, it is feasible to get optimal measurement results. This paper describes a complete mobile shearographic procedure including loading and image processing facilities for structural testing and flaw recognition on aircrafts. The mobile system was successfully tested, e.g. with the up-to-date EADS multi-role combat aircraft Eurofighter.
Kalms, Michael
Streamers and their applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
In this invited lecture we give an overview of our 15 years of experience on streamer plasma research. Efforts are directed to integrating the competence areas of plasma physics, pulsed power technology and chemical processing. The current status is the development of a large scale pulsed corona system for gas treatment. Applications on biogas conditioning, VOC removal, odor abatement and control of traffic emissions have been demonstrated. Detailed research on electrical and chemical processes resulted in a boost of efficiencies. Energy transfer efficiency to the plasma was raised to above 90%. Simultaneous improvement of the plasma chemistry resulted in a highly efficient radical generation: O-radical production up to 50% of the theoretical maximum has been achieved. A major challenge in pulsed power driven streamers is to unravel, understand and ultimately control the complex interactions between the transient plasma, electrical circuits, and process. Even more a challenge is to yield electron energies that fit activation energies of the process. We will discuss our ideas on adjusting pulsed power waveforms and plasma reactor settings to obtain more controlled catalytic processing: the ``Chemical Transistor'' concept.[4pt] Work done in collaboration with E.J.M. van Heesch, W.F.L.M. Hoeben, S.J. Voeten, T. Huiskamp, J. Zhang, and F.J.C.M. Beckers (now with Oranjewoud/HMVT, Ede, The Netherlands), Eindhoven University of Technology; and the Electrical Energy Systems Team.
Pemen, A. J. M.
Homecare: a telemedical application.
The advent of telecommunication and information technologies and the miniaturisation of technologies have enabled the evolution of telemonitoring systems. Early systems for hospitals and clinics, which usually required the patients to be wired to desktop devices, have evolved into homecare that requires devices to be lighter and simpler to use. In addition to miniaturisation and extended autonomy, further requirements for the telemonitoring system include local intelligence (that is, the system can take decisions without referring to external advice) and no moving parts to allow the patient to move freely during measurement periods. Body and local communication networks can prolong the connection of the homecare patient with a monitoring centre through the public networks. Additional medical functions and processing have been added to homecare equipment for telemedicine and patient discomfort is decreasing because of miniaturisation, autonomy and increased versatility of new systems. The applications have evolved rapidly from manually triggered alarms and single physiological parameter monitors to autonomous telemedical monitoring tailored to complete needs. This will eventually make telemedicine beneficial to patients, doctors and society. PMID:14981890
Dan, Jean-Pierre; Luprano, Jean
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This paper will review GEANT4 applications and extensions for accelerator studies, both as a general framework and for the simulation of specific accelerators. G4Beamline is a Geant4-based program intended to easily simulate many different aspects of beam-line design. G4Beamline implements accelerator components via an object-oriented ASCII input format. For instance, it allows the definition of a quadrupole magnet by its physical geometry, materials, and also magnetic field (including several models for fringe fields). The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) poses some challenges for simulation not normally found in a particle physics experiment. The G4MICE package is under development to allow a complete simulation of the MICE cooling channel (including the simulation of magnetic and RF fields) and instrumentation. BDSIM is a Geant4 based code that implements fast accelerator-style tracking for particles within the beam-pipe together with the full set of Geant4 physics processes for particles that leave the beam-pipe. The program has been used to simulate and optimize the design of proposed electron positron linear colliders (ILC and CLIC). The input to the code is based on the MAD format and allows definition of geometries, fields and materials. Geometry descriptions common to those used by the ILC detector groups have enabled common studies of the interaction region, specification of the required collimation depths and optimization of the extraction lines.
Ellis, Malcolm; Blair, Grahame; Torun, Yagmur; Roberts, Tom
Applications for Subvocal Speech
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A research and development effort now underway is directed toward the use of subvocal speech for communication in settings in which (1) acoustic noise could interfere excessively with ordinary vocal communication and/or (2) acoustic silence or secrecy of communication is required. By "subvocal speech" is meant sub-audible electromyographic (EMG) signals, associated with speech, that are acquired from the surface of the larynx and lingual areas of the throat. Topics addressed in this effort include recognition of the sub-vocal EMG signals that represent specific original words or phrases; transformation (including encoding and/or enciphering) of the signals into forms that are less vulnerable to distortion, degradation, and/or interception; and reconstruction of the original words or phrases at the receiving end of a communication link. Potential applications include ordinary verbal communications among hazardous- material-cleanup workers in protective suits, workers in noisy environments, divers, and firefighters, and secret communications among law-enforcement officers and military personnel in combat and other confrontational situations.
Jorgensen, Charles; Betts, Bradley
Industrial applications of HIPIMS
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The development of reliable HIPIMS power supplies has reached a satisfactory level. Furthermore conventional magnetron cathodes can be used in connection with HIPIMS power supplies. Therefore HIPIMS equipped PVD coating systems can be designed with sufficient reliability. Using HIPIMS cathodes furnished with high purity WC targets in vacuo substrate pre-treatment has been developed allowing the deposition of well adherent W-DLC and C-DLC coatings on steel substrates with only one interlayer namely HIPIMS deposited WC or HIPIMS and UBM simultaneously deposited WC. Sufficient adhesion (Rockwell adhesion class 1-2) has been achieved for C-DLC coatings with hardness values up to HUpl 60 GPa. The process has been verified in commercial PVD equipment with large scale cathodes up to 1 m in length. CR2N and CrN have been deposited in a commercial multi-cathode PVD equipment using HIPIMS again. Both coatings show hardness values of HUpl >30 GPa. Cr2N seems to be superior in sliding wear applications whereas CrN dominates in case of abrasive wear. HIPIMS CrN outperforms UBM CrN and Arc CrN in both sliding and abrasive wear situations.
Münz, W.-D.; Schenkel, M.; Kunkel, S.; Paulitsch, J.; Bewilogua, K.
Microwave applicators for BPH thermotherapy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Paper deals with new results in the field of intracavitary microwave applicators used for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) treatment. We demonstrate here that it is necessary to use more sophisticated applicators than a simple monopole radiating structure. One of the good possibilities for safe and efficient treatments we propose here is a helix structure.
Vrba, Jan; Hlavac, R.; Herza, Jan; Chovanec, Roman; Cvek, Jakub; Oppl, L.
Production and applications of esterases
Esterase plays a major role in the degradation of natural materials and industrial pollutants, viz., cereal wastes, plastics, and other toxic chemicals. It is useful in the synthesis of optically pure compounds, perfumes, and antioxidants. The potential applications of esterase with reference to agriculture, food, and pharmaceutical industries, are discussed in this review. Promising applications in this avenue can be
T. Panda; B. S. Gowrishankar
Introduction to Computing & Computer Applications
NSDL National Science Digital Library
CSC 105. Introduction to Computing and Computer Applications (3) Basic computer concepts for non-CSC majors. Elements of computing systems and organization; computer communications including the Internet; applications such as word processing; spreadsheets, data base management, and the rudiments of programming in a current programming language. Social and technical issues including legal, ethical and security considerations.
Tobin, Mr. D.
Applications of Item Response Theory.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Six papers on applications of item response theory are presented. Applications involved include item bias, criterion-referenced measurement problems, test score equating, computerized ability testing, information processing approaches, unidimensional binary responses, multidimensional and polychotomous responses, and estimation and goodness of…
Hambleton, Ronald K., Ed.
Industrial applications of microbial lipases
Lipases are a class of enzymes which catalyse the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. Microbial lipases are currently receiving much attention with the rapid development of enzyme technology. Lipases constitute the most important group of biocatalysts for biotechnological applications. This review describes various industrial applications of microbial lipases in the detergent, food, flavour industry, biocatalytic resolution of pharmaceuticals, esters and
Fariha Hasan; Aamer Ali Shah; Abdul Hameed
Viscoelastic materials for damping applications
The current state of the art is reviewed, from an engineering application viewpoint, for viscoelastic materials used for damping applications. Specific aspects discussed will include physical and mathematical modeling, time and frequency domain behavior, effects of frequency, temperature and strain. The paper concludes with a discussion of reduced temperature nomogram for simultaneous display of complex modulus properties as a function
D. I. G. Jones
The methodological and technical basis and the applicative aspects of ; internal dosimetry are reported with emphasis on the biological and metabolic ; parameters. The principal techniques and methods used on experimental animals ; and humans: classical procedure of mathematical calculation, film dosimetry, and ; solid state microdosimetry with radiophotoluminescence are described. The ; applicative aspects are considered. The distribution,
Defense applications of fuel cells
Applications and developmental efforts by the service branches of the U.S. toward implementation of fuel cells for military purposes are reviewed. The fuel cells are being produced as a petroleum fuel substitute and are foreseen to offer quieter, more efficient power at less expense, with lower logistic problems, and to possess cogeneration potential. Applications are indicated for mobile, remote, facility,
R. R. Barthelemy
Multiplier operator algebras and applications
The one-sided multipliers of an operator space X are a key to "latent operator algebraic structure" in X. We begin with a survey of these multipliers, together with several of the applications that they have had to operator algebras. We then describe several new results on one-sided multipliers, and new applications, mostly to one-sided M-ideals.
Blecher, David P.; Zarikian, Vrej
Potential Industrial Applications of Magnetohydrodynamics
Magnetohydrodynamic power generation has been presented as limited in application to large generating stations but offering the promise of reduced power cost to be achieved through heat rate improvement. The potential for industrial application will be broadened if generators can be made attractive in smaller ratings, if generating cost can be reduced, and if the generator can be made lighter
D. H. Marquis
Bypass Testing of Web Applications
Web software applications are increasingly being de- ployed in sensitive situations. Web applications are used to transmit, accept and store data that is personal, com- pany confidential and sensitive. Input validation testing (IVT) checks user inputs to ensure that they conform to the program's requirements, which is particularly im- portant for software that relies on user inputs, includ- ing Web
Jeff Offutt; Ye. Wu; Xiaochen Du; Hong Huang
Process modeling in Web applications
While Web applications evolve towards ubiquitous, enterprise-wide or multi- enterprise informa- tion systems, they face new requirements, such as the capability of managing complex processes spanning multiple users and organizations, by interconnecting software provided by dieren t or- ganizations. Signican t eorts are currently being invested in application integration, to support the composition of business processes of dieren t companies,
Marco Brambilla; Stefano Ceri; Piero Fraternali; Ioana Manolescu
Separating functions and their applications
In the present paper, a survey of applications of separating functions in the theory of representations of quivers and algebras\\u000a in linear and metric spaces is given. An application of these functions to problems in spectral graph theory is also demonstrated.\\u000a Bibliography: 27 titles.
I. K. Redchuk
Superconducting FCL: design and application
Design, parameters, and application areas of a superconducting fault current limiter (FCL) are analyzed on the basis of the requirements of power systems. The comparison of resistive and inductive designs is carried out. An example of the effective application of FCLs in distribution substations is considered and the gain from the FCL installation is discussed. It is shown that an
Vladimir Sokolovsky; Victor Meerovich; István Vajda; Vladimir Beilin
Outline of CS application experiments
To promote and investigate the practical application of satellite use, CS application experiments for various social activity needs, including those of public services such as the National Police Agency and the Japanese National Railway, computer network services, news material transmissions, and advanced teleconference activities, were performed. Public service satellite communications systems were developed and tested. Based on results obtained, several
Y. Otsu; K. Kondoh; M. Matsumoto
Statistical testing of Web applications
The World Wide Web, initially intended as a way to publish static hypertexts on the Internet, is moving toward complex applications. Static Web sites are being gradually replaced by dynamic sites, where information is stored in databases and non-trivial computation is performed.In such a scenario, ensuring the quality of a Web application from the user's perspective is crucial. Techniques are
Paolo Tonella; Filippo Ricca
Radar polarimetry for geoscience applications
The present volume on radar polarimetry for geoscience applications discusses wave properties and polarization, scattering matrix representation for simple targets, scattering models for point and distributed targets, polarimetric scatterometer systems and measurements, polarimetric radar system design, and polarimetric SAR applications. Attention is given to plane waves in a lossless homogeneous medium-wave polarization, polarization synthesis and response, and coordinate system transformations.
Fawwaz T. Ulaby; Charles Elachi; K. McDonald; K. Sarabandi; M. Whitt; H. Zebker; J. J. van Zyl
Superconducting magnets and their applications
Since the discovery of superconductivity almost a century ago, there has been a steady increase in the variety of superconducting magnet applications. Progress in superconducting magnet technology has resulted in applications in areas of basic science, medicine, separation, and levitation. Performance improvements in a variety of materials, from low-temperature to high-temperature superconductors, are the foundation of recent rapid development. In
Roam, a seamless application framework
One of the biggest challenges in future application development is device heterogeneity. In the future, we expect to see a rich variety of computing devices that can run applications. These devices have different capabilities in processors, memory, networking, screen sizes, input methods, and software libraries. We also expect that future users are likely to own many types of devices. Depending
Hao-hua Chu; Henry Song; Candy Wong; Shoji Kurakake; Masaji Katagiri
HPRR operating experience and applications
The Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) is a small, unmoderated fast pulse reactor located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The HPRR is the principal research tool of ORNL's Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) Group. The reactor is described, its operating experience is presented, and its major applications are discussed.
Bailiff, E.G.; Sims, C.S.; Swaja, R.E.
This paper provides a survey of fuel cell technology and application. A description of fuel cell operating principles is followed by a comparative analysis of the current fuel cell technology together with issues concerning various fuels. Appropriate applications for current and perceived potential advances of fuel cell technology are discussed.
B. J. Holland; J. G. Zhu; L. Jamet
Applications of Research to Camping.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Considers contributions of basic/theoretical, applied/practical, and marketing research to the field of camping. Outlines research concerns: application of qualitative methods, practical application of marketing research, effective research dissemination, and focus on longitudinal studies using larger samples. Affirms role of research to document…
Henderson, Karla A.
Architectural patterns for collaborative applications
There is currently little reuse of either design or code in the development of collaborative applications. Though there are some application frameworks for this domain, they tend to be rather inflexible in the functionality they offer. This paper seeks to provide design reuse in the form of architectural patterns that focus on low-level horizontal issues: distribution, message exchange, functional decomposition,
Peter Tandler
Ejectors: applications in refrigeration technology
This paper provides a literature review on ejectors and their applications in refrigeration. A number of studies are grouped and discussed in several topics, i.e. background and theory of ejector and jet refrigeration cycle, performance characteristics, working fluid and improvement of jet refrigerator. Moreover, other applications of an ejector in other types of refrigeration system are also described.
Kanjanapon Chunnanond; Satha Aphornratana
Clinical application of radiolabelled platelets
This book presents papers on the clinical applications of radiolabelled platelets. The papers are grouped into six sections on platelet labelling techniques, radiolabelled platelets in cardiology, monitoring of antiplatelet therapy, platelet scintigraphy in stroke patients, platelet scintigraphy in angiology, and platelet scintigraphy in hematology and other clinical applications, including renal transplant rejection.
Kessler, C. (Medical Univ. Lubeck, Lubeck (DE))
Application Process Improvement Yields Results.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
After a continuing effort to improve its grant application process, the department of medical microbiology and immunology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison is submitting many more applications and realizing increased funding. The methods and strategy used to make the process more efficient and effective are outlined. (Author/MSE)
Holesovsky, Jan Paul
Parallel Computers for Graphics Applications
Specialized computer architectures can provide better price\\/performance for executing image processing and graphics applications than general purpose designs. Two processors are presented that use parallel SIMD data paths to support common graphics data structures as primitive operands in arithmetic expressions. A variant of the C language has been implemented to allow high level language coding of user applications on these
Adam Levinthal; Pat Hanrahan; Mike Paquette; Jim Lawson
Towards a Home Application Server
The emergence of smart devices, especially in the home context, will change the way we interact with our environment. However, implementing and maintaining home-control applications is still far from easy. This paper discusses the difficulties encountered during the development of a home gateway. It then introduces a framework that sets the basics of a home application server and allows an
Clément Escoffier; Johann Bourcier; Philippe Lalanda; Jianqi Yu
Waiver Applicants Steer Wary Course
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
The latest batch of states seeking relief under the No Child Left Behind Act dodge pitfalls that tripped up the first round of applicants. In the latest round of applications for waivers under the No Child Left Behind Act, states have learned lessons from their predecessors and dodged pitfalls that triggered some big revisions from first-round…
McNeil, Michele
Electric power applications of superconductivity
The development of superconducting systems for electric power is driven by the promise of improved efficiency, smaller size, and reduced weight as compared to existing technologies and by the possibility of new applications. Superconducting power components can also contribute to improved power quality and increased system reliability. This paper addresses historical developments and technology status of four superconducting power applications:
AC Drives in Traction Applications
DC motors and drives have previously been the choice for traction applications. The desire to use an induction motor in similar applications has been unfulfilled due to the absence of a suitable ac drive controller that could fully exploit the economical, rugged, and simple ac induction motor. AC drives using vector-control techniques are available to gain the high-performance operation in
Curtis R. Wasko
Corrugated pipe adhesive applicator apparatus
Apparatus for coating selected portions of the troughs of a corrugated pipe with an adhesive includes a support disposed within the pipe with a reservoir containing the adhesive disposed on the support. A pump, including a spout, is utilized for supplying the adhesive from the reservoir to a trough of the pipe. A rotatable applicator is supported on the support and contacts the trough of the pipe. The applicator itself is sized so as to fit within the trough, and contacts the adhesive in the trough and spreads the adhesive in the trough upon rotation. A trough shield, supported by the support and disposed in the path of rotation of the applicator, is utilized to prevent the applicator from contacting selected portions of the trough. A locator head is also disposed on the support and provides a way for aligning the spout, the applicator, and the trough shield with the trough. 4 figs.
Shirey, R.A.
Corrugated pipe adhesive applicator apparatus
Apparatus for coating selected portions of the troughs of a corrugated pipe within an adhesive includes a support disposed within the pipe with a reservoir containing the adhesive disposed on the support. A pump, including a spout, is utilized for supplying the adhesive from the reservoir to a trough of the pipe. A rotatable applicator is supported on the support and contacts the trough of the pipe. The applicator itself is sized so as to fit within the trough, and contacts the adhesive in the trough and spreads the adhesive in the trough upon rotation. A trough shield, supported by the support and disposed in the path of rotation of the applicator, is utilized to prevent the applicator from contacting selected portions of the trough. A locator head is also disposed on the support and provides a way for aligning the spout, the applicator, and the trough shield with the trough.
Shirey, Ray A. (North Grafton, MA)
Functionalized carbon nanotubes: biomedical applications
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are emerging as novel nanomaterials for various biomedical applications. CNTs can be used to deliver a variety of therapeutic agents, including biomolecules, to the target disease sites. In addition, their unparalleled optical and electrical properties make them excellent candidates for bioimaging and other biomedical applications. However, the high cytotoxicity of CNTs limits their use in humans and many biological systems. The biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity of CNTs are attributed to size, dose, duration, testing systems, and surface functionalization. The functionalization of CNTs improves their solubility and biocompatibility and alters their cellular interaction pathways, resulting in much-reduced cytotoxic effects. Functionalized CNTs are promising novel materials for a variety of biomedical applications. These potential applications are particularly enhanced by their ability to penetrate biological membranes with relatively low cytotoxicity. This review is directed towards the overview of CNTs and their functionalization for biomedical applications with minimal cytotoxicity.
Vardharajula, Sandhya; Ali, Sk Z; Tiwari, Pooja M; Eroglu, Erdal; Vig, Komal; Dennis, Vida A; Singh, Shree R
Security Data Warehouse Application
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The Security Data Warehouse (SDW) is used to aggregate and correlate all JSC IT security data. This includes IT asset inventory such as operating systems and patch levels, users, user logins, remote access dial-in and VPN, and vulnerability tracking and reporting. The correlation of this data allows for an integrated understanding of current security issues and systems by providing this data in a format that associates it to an individual host. The cornerstone of the SDW is its unique host-mapping algorithm that has undergone extensive field tests, and provides a high degree of accuracy. The algorithm comprises two parts. The first part employs fuzzy logic to derive a best-guess host assignment using incomplete sensor data. The second part is logic to identify and correct errors in the database, based on subsequent, more complete data. Host records are automatically split or merged, as appropriate. The process had to be refined and thoroughly tested before the SDW deployment was feasible. Complexity was increased by adding the dimension of time. The SDW correlates all data with its relationship to time. This lends support to forensic investigations, audits, and overall situational awareness. Another important feature of the SDW architecture is that all of the underlying complexities of the data model and host-mapping algorithm are encapsulated in an easy-to-use and understandable Perl language Application Programming Interface (API). This allows the SDW to be quickly augmented with additional sensors using minimal coding and testing. It also supports rapid generation of ad hoc reports and integration with other information systems.
Vernon, Lynn R.; Hennan, Robert; Ortiz, Chris; Gonzalez, Steve; Roane, John
RPCs in biomedical applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
We are studying possible applications of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) in the biomedical domain such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The use of RPCs in PET can provide several improvements on the usual scintillation-based detectors. The most striking features are the extremely good spatial and time resolutions. They can be as low as 50 ?m and 25 ps respectively, to be compared to the much higher intrinsic limits in bulk detectors. Much efforts have been made to investigate suitable materials to make RPCs sensitive to 511 keV photons. For this reason, we are studying different types of coating employing high Z materials with proper electrical resistivity. Later investigations explored the possibility of coating glass electrodes by mean of serigraphy techniques, employing oxide based mixtures with a high density of high Z materials; the efficiency is strongly dependent on its thickness and it reaches a maximum for a characteristic value that is a function of the compound (usually a few hundred microns). The most promising mixtures seem to be PbO, Bi 2O 3 and Tl 2O. Preliminary gamma efficiency measurements for a Multigap RPC prototype (MRPC) are presented as well as simulations using GEANT4-based framework. The MRPC has 5 gas gaps; their spacings are kept by 0.3 mm diameter nylon fishing line, electrodes are made of thin glasses (1 mm for the outer electrodes, 0.15-0.4 mm for the inner ones). The detector is enclosed in a metallic gas-tight box, filled with a C 2H 2F 4 92.5%, SF 6 2.5%, C 4H 10 5% mixture. Different gas mixtures are being studied increasing the SF6 percentage and results of efficiency as a function of the new mixtures will be presented.
Belli, G.; De Vecchi, C.; Giroletti, E.; Guida, R.; Musitelli, G.; Nardò, R.; Necchi, M. M.; Pagano, D.; Ratti, S. P.; Sani, G.; Vicini, A.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.
Applications of multilayer optics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Recent development of multilayer mirror and its applications in extreme ultraviolet (EUV), soft X-ray ranges in China was reviewed in this paper. Three types of multilayer mirrors were developed with special performance for dense plasma diagnostics, EUV astronomical observation. Firstly, dual-periodic W/B 4C multilayer mirror was designed for Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) microscopy working at TiK? line (4.75 keV), which is highly reflective both at hard X-ray (CuK? line at 8.05 keV) and soft X-ray (4.75 keV). Using this mirror, the K-B system can be aligned conveniently in air using hard X-ray instead of in vacuum. The second mirror is aperiodic Mg/SiC multilayer, also a bi-functional mirror with high reflectivity for He-II emission line (30.4 nm) but suppressing He-I emission line (58.4 nm) in astronomy observation, which will replace the traditional combination of periodic multilayer and the fragile film filter. This will be more safe in satellite launching. The third mirror is Mo/Si periodic multilayer, depositing on a parabolic substrate with diameter of 230 mm, which is designed for EUV telescope for imaging of solar corona by selecting Fe-XII emission (19.5 nm). The uniformity of lateral layer thickness distribution is within ±0.3% along the diameter of mirror, measured by X-ray reflectometry. The measured peak reflectivity is 42% at the wavelength of 19.5 nm. All these multilayer mirrors were prepared by using magnetron sputtering system in our group.
Wang, Zhanshan; Zhu, Jingtao; Mu, Baozhong; Zhang, Zhong; Wang, Fengli; Xu, Jing; Li, Wenbin; Chen, Lingyan
Handbook of photovoltaic applications: building applications and system design considerations
A handbook of photovoltaic applications, including building applications and system design considerations, is presented. The following topics are discussed: photovoltaic applications; their future and design considerations, understanding subsystems in photovoltaic power systems, large-scale photovoltaic system design considerations, photovoltaic concentrators and advanced cell technology, prediction of annual electricity production by photovoltaic cells, stand-alone photovoltaic manufacturing facility, design and construction experience from photovoltaic installations, determining the economic feasibility of residential systems, operational results for residential prototypes, the photovoltaic interface to the public utility, federal programs in photovoltaics: cost reduction goals and R and D results, and the photovoltaic industry.
Williams, A.F.
NCI/CPFP - 2010 Application Catalog - Guidelines for Application - How to Submit Application Materials
Letters of Reference, Academic Transcripts, and Other Documentation. Four letters of reference should be uploaded to the website by the referees. Academic transcripts and other documentation materials should be uploaded to the CPFP website by the applicant. Please see website for instructions. All application materials must be submitted on or before August 25th.
25 CFR - application Consultation and the Form of Application
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...Application Pre Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ENERGY AND MINERALS TRIBAL ENERGY RESOURCE AGREEMENTS UNDER THE INDIAN TRIBAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND SELF DETERMINATION ACT Procedures for Obtaining Tribal...
Austempered Materials for Powertrain Applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Austempered irons and steels offer the design engineer alternatives to conventional material/process combinations. Depending on the material and the application, Austempering may provide the following benefits to producers of powertrain components such as gears and shafts: ease of manufacturing, increased bending and/or contact fatigue strength, better wear resistance and enhanced dampening characteristics resulting in lower noise. Austempered materials have been used to improve the performance of powertrain components in numerous applications for a wide range of industries, from gears and shafts to clutch plates and crankshafts. This paper focuses on Austempered solutions for powertrain applications with an emphasis on gear and shaft solutions.
Lefevre, Justin; Hayrynen, Kathy L.
Applicator for cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive.
Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (CTA) is very useful for emergency treatment of corneal perforations. Lack of Food and Drug Administration approval as well as concerns about toxicity from the application of large amounts of glue, however, have limited its use. It is difficult to apply a sufficiently small amount of glue or to achieve a water tight seal using published techniques of glue application. We have found a commercially available micropipette (used in dental work) to be more effective than other methods of CTA application. With this apparatus, precise and accurate placement of minimal amounts of CTA at the slit lamp is consistently possible. PMID:2710490
Wessels, I F; McNeill, J I
Surface electrical geophysical methods have been used in such engineering applications as locating and delineating shallow gravel deposits, depth to bedrock, faults, clay zones, and other geological phenomena. Other engineering applications include determining water quality, tracing ground water contaminant plumes and locating dam seepages. Various methods and electrode arrays are employed to solve particular geological problems. The sensitivity of a particular method or electrode array depends upon the physics on which the method is based, the array geometry, the electrical contrast between the target and host materials, and the depth to the target. Each of the available electrical methods has its own particular advantages and applications which the paper discusses.
Bisdorf, Robert, J.
1999 ASHRAE handbook -- HVAC applications
This handbook describes heating, ventilating and air-conditioning for a broad range of applications. New chapters on HVAC for museums and power plants, information on air quality in aircraft, additional information on maintaining a proper environment for indoor swimming pools and sound control and building operations make this a particularly useful reference. Since this book focuses on specific applications for HVAC, it provides background information to designers new to the application as well as those needing a refresher on the topic. Separate I-P (inch-pound) and SI (metric) editions.
Alginate: properties and biomedical applications
Alginate is a biomaterial that has found numerous applications in biomedical science and engineering due to its favorable properties, including biocompatibility and ease of gelation. Alginate hydrogels have been particularly attractive in wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications to date, as these gels retain structural similarity to the extracellular matrices in tissues and can be manipulated to play several critical roles. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of general properties of alginate and its hydrogels, their biomedical applications, and suggest new perspectives for future studies with these polymers.
Lee, Kuen Yong; Mooney, David J.
Outline of CS application experiments
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
To promote and investigate the practical application of satellite use, CS application experiments for various social activity needs, including those of public services such as the National Police Agency and the Japanese National Railway, computer network services, news material transmissions, and advanced teleconference activities, were performed. Public service satellite communications systems were developed and tested. Based on results obtained, several public services have implemented CS-2 for practical disaster-back-up uses. Practical application computer network and enhanced video-conference experiments have also been performed.
Otsu, Y.; Kondoh, K.; Matsumoto, M.
NASA Applications of Molecular Nanotechnology
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Laboratories throughout the world are rapidly gaining atomically precise control over matter. As this control extends to an ever wider variety of materials, processes and devices, opportunities for applications relevant to NASA's missions will be created. This document surveys a number of future molecular nanotechnology capabilities of aerospace interest. Computer applications, launch vehicle improvements, and active materials appear to be of particular interest. We also list a number of applications for each of NASA's enterprises. If advanced molecular nanotechnology can be developed, almost all of NASA's endeavors will be radically improved. In particular, a sufficiently advanced molecular nanotechnology can arguably bring large scale space colonization within our grasp.
Globus, Al; Bailey, David; Han, Jie; Jaffe, Richard; Levit, Creon; Merkle, Ralph; Srivastava, Deepak
Organosilane deposition for microfluidic applications
Treatment of surfaces to change the interaction of fluids with them is a critical step in constructing useful microfluidics devices, especially those used in biological applications. Silanization, the generic term applied to the formation of organosilane monolayers on substrates, is both widely reported in the literature and troublesome in actual application for the uninitiated. These monolayers can be subsequently modified to produce a surface of a specific functionality. Here various organosilane deposition protocols and some application notes are provided as a basis for the novice reader to construct their own silanization procedures, and as a practical resource to a broader range of techniques even for the experienced user.
Glass, Nick R.; Tjeung, Ricky; Chan, Peggy; Yeo, Leslie Y.; Friend, James R.
Application of Smart Solid State Sensor Technology in Aerospace Applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Aerospace applications require a range of chemical sensing technologies to monitor conditions in both space vehicles and aircraft operations. One example is the monitoring of oxygen. For example, monitoring of ambient oxygen (O2) levels is critical to ensuring the health, safety, and performance of humans living and working in space. Oxygen sensors can also be incorporated in detection systems to determine if hazardous leaks are occurring in space propulsion systems and storage facilities. In aeronautic applications, O2 detection has been investigated for fuel tank monitoring. However, as noted elsewhere, O2 is not the only species of interest in aerospace applications with a wide range of species of interest being relevant to understand an environmental or vehicle condition. These include combustion products such as CO, HF, HCN, and HCl, which are related to both the presence of a fire and monitoring of post-fire clean-up operations. This paper discusses the development of an electrochemical cell platform based on a polymer electrolyte, NAFION, and a three-electrode configuration. The approach has been to mature this basic platform for a range of applications and to test this system, combined with "Lick and Stick" electronics, for its viability to monitor an environment related to astronaut crew health and safety applications with an understanding that a broad range of applications can be addressed with a core technology.
Hunter, Gary W.; Xu, Jennifer C.; Dungan, L.K.; Makel, D.; Ward, B.; Androjna, D.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...420 Application. The application for ONC-ATCB status consists...complete both parts of the application in their entirety and submit...National Coordinator for the application to be considered complete...city, state, zip code, and Web site of applicant;...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...Certification Program § 170.520 Application. Applicants must include the following information in an application for ONC-ACB status and...National Coordinator for the application to be considered complete...city, state, zip code, and Web site of applicant;...
Z-source inverter for vehicular applications
This paper proposes three applications of the Z-source inverter (ZSI) for automotive applications. The first application proposes the using of the bidirectional ZSI (BZSI) supplied by a battery to drive an induction motor (IM) for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications, by replacing the two stages conversion. The second application proposes the using of the BZSI in plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
Omar Ellabban; Joeri Van Mierlo; Philippe Lataire; Peter Van den Bossche
Nuclear transformations induced in E. coli K12S and K12S(?26) by ultraviolet radiations and x-rays have been studied with ultrathin sections in the electron microscope. The nucleoplasm keeps its normal aspect during "fragmentation" and during "condensation" of the nucleus into the "vesicular" form. Serial sections show that the "fragmented" nucleus consists in reality of only one very tortuous vacuole. No difference either in the shape or in the fine structure of the nucleus could be observed between the lysogenic strain and the non-lysogenic strain. A high concentration of NaCl has a "condensation" effect on the fragmented nuclei and decreases the induction rate.
Ryter, Antoinette
Le rôle de l'analyse économique dans la planification de l'affectation des terres aux usagers agricoles ou aux usagers urbains
[eng] It has been shown that agriculture has little chance of survival in areas where urban development has a strong potential ; that restrictions on the use of land have economic implications both in rural and urban areas ; the market forces alone cannot be expected to solve land use problems in peri-urban areas. It is in this context that
Aage Walter-Jorgensen
Neural Networks for Speech Application.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This is a general introduction to the reemerging technology called neural networks, and how these networks may provide an important alternative to traditional forms of computing in speech applications. Neural networks, sometimes called Artificial Neural S...
S. A. Luse
Communication Application of Adaptive Arrays.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This report describes progress under Naval Air Systems Command Contract N00019-79-C-0291 during the second quarterly period. Research on adaptive arrays for communication applications is summarized. (Author)
R. T. Compton
Communication Application of Adaptive Arrays.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This report describes progress under Naval Air Systems Command Contract N00019-79-C-0291 during the first quarterly period. Research on adaptive arrays for communication applications is summarized. (Author)
R. T. Compton
Nanomaterials for Space Exploration Applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Nano-engineered materials are multi-functional materials with superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Nanomaterials may be used for a variety of space exploration applications, including ultracapacitors, active/passive thermal management m...
P. G. Moloney
Defence Applications of Nanocomposite Materials.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This report briefly describes and discusses relevant properties of polymer-based nanocomposite materials, and gives examples of the actual and potential use of nanocomposite materials in defense applications.
S. J. Savage
Biomedical Applications of Carbon Fibres.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The report covers (1) use of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (CFRC), generally for orthopedic application (joint replacement) (2) properties of carbon fiber; biocompatibility and mechanical factors (3) carbon fiber reinforced composites; CFRC (4) carbon fi...
G. W. Hastings
Tracking and Data Fusion Applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
In many engineering applications, including surveillance, guidance, or navigation, single stand-alone sensors or sensor networks are used for collecting information on time varying quantities of interest, such as kinematical characteristics and measured a...
W. Koch
Borehole radar for geothermal applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
An initial evaluation of a continuous wave borehole radar system with steerable antennas has been completed. Candidate antennas have been identified which meet the size requirements for borehole applications. The patterns of these antennas are not depende...
M. W. Scott T. W. H. Caffey
ATE applications of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence technologies have been investigated by the Naval Air Engineering Center for potential applications to ATE. It was found that artificial intelligence is capable of accumulating knowledge from expert technicians and expanding on the knowledge of optimum ATE support.
Kunert, J.
Metal Nanoshells for Biosensing Applications.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The present invention provides nanoshell particles ('nanoshells') for use in biosensing applications, along with their manner of making and methods of using the nanoshells for in vitro and in vivo detection of chemical and biological analytes, preferably ...
J. L. West N. J. Halas R. D. Averitt S. J. Oldenburg
Application of Rapidly Solidified Alloys.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This program is being conducted for the purpose of applying the principle of rapid solidification of aluminum and iron alloy powders and subsequent development of stronger alloy compositions for fan blade application (Al alloys) and higher speed bearing m...
A. R. Cox T. D. Tillman J. W. Simon