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Breastfeeding practices in baby friendly hospitals of Indore
Microsoft Academic Search
An interview based cross sectional study was conducted in two of the designated Baby Friendly Hospitals of Indore in the year\\u000a 2008. None of the hospitals were having a written breastfeeding policy, which is routinely communicated to all the health\\u000a workers and no regular training regarding the Programme was being imparted. There is a need to develop a BFHI Monitoring
Richa Nigam; Manish Nigam; R. R. Wavre; Ajit Deshpande; R. K. Chandorkar
Implementing and revitalizing the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative.
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) was launched in the 1990s by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF as a global effort with hospitals, health services, and parents to ensure babies are breastfed for the best start in life. It is one of the Operational Targets of the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding endorsed in 2002 by the Fifty-Fifth World Health Assembly and the UNICEF Executive Board. After about 18 years, great progress has been made, and most countries have breastfeeding authorities or BFHI coordinating groups. The BFHI has led to increased rates of exclusive breastfeeding, which are reflected in improved health and survival. Based on this progress, the Initiative was streamlined according to the experience of the countries and materials were revised. The new package consolidated all WHO and UNICEF materials into one package, reflected new research and experience, revisited the criteria used for the BFHI in light of HIV/ AIDS, reinforced the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes, provided modules for mother-friendly care, and gave more guidance for monitoring and reassessment. WHO and partners will continue to give support to BFHI implementation as one essential effort contributing to achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. PMID:20496615
Saadeh, Randa; Casanovas, Carmen
[Baby-Friendly Hospital: prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months and intervening factors].
The objective of this research was to identify the pattern of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first 6 months of infants born in a Baby-Friendly Hospital and the factors that contribute to early weaning. This was a prospective cohort study with 261 mothers and children. The data were analyzed via the construction of a Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and the log-rank test was used for the univariate analysis. A multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional-hazards regression model. During the 6 months, the percentage of mothers who practiced EBF for 30, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days was 75%, 52%, 33%, 19% and 5.7%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the variables that conferred a risk for early weaning were the hospital and the occurrence of a follow-up visit due to mammary complication, improper positioning and the association of both of these factors. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative favored EBF. PMID:24626353
Figueredo, Sonia Fontes; Mattar, Maria Jos� Guardia; Abr�o, Ana Cristina Freitas de Vilhena
Expansion of the baby-friendly hospital initiative ten steps to successful breastfeeding into neonatal intensive care: expert group recommendations.
In the World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund document Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, Updated and Expanded for Integrated Care, neonatal care is mentioned as 1 area that would benefit from expansion of the original Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. The different situations faced by preterm and sick infants and their mothers, compared to healthy infants and their mothers, necessitate a specific breastfeeding policy for neonatal intensive care and require that health care professionals have knowledge and skills in lactation and breastfeeding support, including provision of antenatal information, that are specific to neonatal care. Facilitation of early, continuous, and prolonged skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo mother care), early initiation of breastfeeding, and mothers' access to breastfeeding support during the infants' whole hospital stay are important. Mother's own milk or donor milk (when available) is the optimal nutrition. Efforts should be made to minimize parent-infant separation and facilitate parents' unrestricted presence with their infants. The initiation and continuation of breastfeeding should be guided only by infant competence and stability, using a semi-demand feeding regimen during the transition to exclusive breastfeeding. Pacifiers are appropriate during tube-feeding, for pain relief, and for calming infants. Nipple shields can be used for facilitating establishment of breastfeeding, but only after qualified support and attempts at the breast. Alternatives to bottles should be used until breastfeeding is well established. The discharge program should include adequate preparation of parents, information about access to lactation and breastfeeding support, both professional and peer support, and a plan for continued follow-up. PMID:23727630
Nyqvist, Kerstin H; H�ggkvist, Anna-Pia; Hansen, Mette N; Kylberg, Elisabeth; Frandsen, Annemi L; Maastrup, Ragnhild; Ezeonodo, Aino; Hannula, Leena; Haiek, Laura N
The role of the nurse-physician leadership dyad in implementing the baby-friendly hospital initiative.
The concept of the nurse-physician leadership dyad incorporates the expertise of both nurses and physicians as leaders of change within health system environments. The leadership dyad model has been used traditionally in health care administrative settings to manage utilization of resources more effectively. Because the Baby-Friendly designation requires major cultural shifts in long-standing maternity care practices, an interdisciplinary approach to implementation is necessary. PMID:24939200
St Fleur, Rose; McKeever, Joyce
Having Babies May Be 'Contagious' Among Long-Time Friends
... JavaScript. Having Babies May Be 'Contagious' Among Long-Time Friends Women tend to get pregnant soon after ... News) -- Getting pregnant may be contagious among long-time friends -- when one woman has a baby, her ...
UNICEF/WHO baby-friendly hospital initiative: does the use of bottles and pacifiers in the neonatal nursery prevent successful breastfeeding? Neonatal Study Group.
To promote breastfeeding, UNICEF/WHO have launched the "baby-friendly hospital initiative" focusing on hospital care routines during delivery and the first days of life. In industrialised countries, two aspects of the initiative have raised controversy: how do restriction of supplemental feedings and ban of bottles and pacifiers affect long-term breastfeeding performance? From ten centres 602 healthy newborns were randomly assigned either to a UNICEF group with restrictive fluid supplements and avoidance of bottles and pacifiers during the first 5 days of life, or to a standard group with conventional feeding practice. Breastfeeding was encouraged in both groups. The main study endpoints were the prevalences of breast-feeding on day 5, and after 2, 4 and 6 months. Of the newborns 46% violated the UNICEF protocol, mostly because of maternal requests to give a pacifier or supplements by bottle. In the standard group, the drop-out rate was 9.7%. No significant differences in breastfeeding frequency and duration could be found: (UNICEF vs standard) day 5: 100% vs 99%; 2 months: 88% vs 88%; 4 months: 75% vs 71%; 6 months: 57% vs 55%. Inclusion of drop-outs due to pacifier use did not alter the results. Conclusion: In our study population fluid supplements offered by bottle with or without the use of pacifiers during the first 5 days of life were not associated with a lower frequency or shorter duration of breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life. PMID:9392404
Schubiger, G; Schwarz, U; T�nz, O
Becoming Baby-Friendly: overcoming the issue of accepting free formula.
Although, in the current financial climate, paying for formula is a difficult step for US hospitals, demystifying the process helps. Actual formula costs may be lower than perceived costs because agreements with formula companies may list unnecessary or unused products and services. Fair market value is difficult to define, but by contacting other hospitals with Baby-Friendly status, those costs can be determined. While we do not recommend that other institutions forge ahead on the track to Baby-Friendly designation without considering the formula issue, we would encourage them to apply for the certificate of intent and begin work, even if it is not immediately clear how the hospital will pay for formula. Each of the Ten Steps takes the hospital along an important course, is never wasted effort, and increases the number of breastfeeding mothers (thereby reducing formula costs). Demonstrating a willingness to invest time and energy for the benefit of patients and the institution as a whole is valuable when requesting support for formula payment. Hospital administrators, who may make the final decision regarding formula payment, will be more willing to listen to breastfeeding advocates if they have already accomplished significant goals within the institution and have collected supporting data. The authors conclude that although for BMC not accepting free formula was the most difficult barrier to overcome on the path to Baby-Friendly designation, it was not insurmountable, and we hope other institutions will be helped by learning how we dealt with this problem. PMID:11155598
Merewood, A; Philipp, B L
Motivational messages: lead a Baby Friendly Initiative community project.
2011 saw Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI) success in the towns of Blackburn with Darwen. The towns serve around 2,500 new babies a year, have significant social deprivation and mixed ethnicity. Commitment was made by the Trust and Local Authority, to progress to meeting full BFI standards by commissioning the Acute Trusts Infant Feeding Coordinator (midwife) to lead on the project and the change needed. Numerous challenges were met along the way, such as capacity to lead and deliver (leading to the recruitment of Donna), swine flu, GP training, organisational changes and loss of ante- and postnatal interventions. This was the first Community Trust in England to achieve full accreditation without follow up visits. This article hopes to inspire other Trusts to get started, keep going and don't let go until you get there--because it's worth it. PMID:22324135
Henry, Sue; Butler, Donna
Birth weight of Indian babies born in hospitals
Summary��From 20 hospitals in different towns and cities representing the States in the country, data on live-birth-weight were obtained.\\u000a Data on length, head and chest circumference, plurality and sex of the babies were also available. In addition, information\\u000a on religion and socioeconomic status of the parents, prenatal care, maternal complications and deaths which occurred during\\u000a the stay in the hospital,
Shantha Mad�havan; A. D. Taskar
CDC Vital Signs: Hospital Support for Breastfeeding
... Share Compartir Hospital Support for Breastfeeding Preventing obesity begins in hospitals August 2011 30% Breastfeeding for 9 ... help or hinder mothers and babies as they begin to breastfeed. The Baby- Friendly Hospital Initiative describes ...
The DC breastfeeding-friendly hospital initiative: an evaluation of hospitals' support for breastfeeding in the capital of the United States.
Maternity facilities that follow the 10 steps of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative have improved breastfeeding outcomes. Prior to the DC Breastfeeding-Friendly Hospital Initiative, no maternity facilities in Washington, DC, were recognized as Baby-Friendly. Each facility's journey toward improved breastfeeding support is unique. The purpose of this project was to help facilities identify areas to focus on in pursuit of this goal. All 8 birthing facilities in Washington, DC, participated in the baseline assessment in September 2008. The 10 steps were used as a framework for developing the assessment tools. Data were collected from each facility regarding (1) accessibility of breastfeeding information and resources on its website, (2) content of written breastfeeding policies, and (3) practices that support breastfeeding. The DC Breastfeeding Coalition shared the outcomes of the assessment with each facility and offered an educational session addressing each facility's specific needs. The coalition also conducted postintervention evaluations between July and August 2009 to assess changes in each facility's score. Most facilities were receptive to the intervention, resulting in modest improvements in all areas reviewed. This project provides a model for state and local breastfeeding coalitions to evaluate and recognize incremental improvements in breastfeeding-related maternity care practices. PMID:23470787
Long, Sahira A; Young, Michal A; Tender, Jennifer A F; Dewitty, Vernell P; Logan, Kathleen; Kadeshe, Mudiwah; Ryan, Carol; Haynes, Suzanne G
[The family-friendly hospital: (how) does it work?].
The demographic development in Germany is heading towards a significant shortage in specialists within the next 10-15 years with an increased demand for health services at the same time. The three-stage model of family life planning (work, family phase, return) will also be gradually replaced by a model of simultaneous compatibility of family and work. This change in values, although initiated by the parents themselves, may turn out to be a crucial countermeasure in national economy against the demography-related loss of qualified personnel. For these three trends the economic need arises to minimize family-related absence of our well-trained, motivated and reliable doctors from the clinical departments through implementation of family-friendly human resources policies and supporting measures by the employers. In a representative survey 26% of respondents with children had in the past already changed their workplace to ensure a better match of work and family duties. In this regard the compatibility of family and professional responsibilities had a higher impact on the selection of the employer than a high income. Accordingly, a work-life competence oriented business plan will represent the crucial factor within the competition between universities, hospitals and professional disciplines to attract high potential bearers although a sustained change of the traditional hospital culture is mandatory. Anaesthesia-related fields of development regarding family-friendly corporate governance are working hours and organization of work, part-time jobs even for managers and fathers, and staff development. In the hospital daily routine, in particular, creative solutions meeting the local demands are deemed necessary that do not involve the use of high financial resources. Family-friendly personnel policy not only arises from altruistic enthusiasm but also pays off economically. This article discusses the necessity, opportunities and threads of family-oriented hospital management and fields of action for anaesthesia departments. PMID:19484192
Heller, A R; Heller, S C
The impact of the Baby Friendly Health Initiative in the Australian health care system: a critical narrative review of the evidence.
Studies have identified that the practices of maternity facilities and health professionals are crucial to women's experience of support and breastfeeding 'success'. The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) was launched globally in 1991 to protect, promote and support breastfeeding. While a direct causal effect has not been established and critics suggest the rhetoric conflicts with women's lived experiences as new mothers, a positive association between the Initiative and breastfeeding prevalence is apparent. Internationally, impact studies have demonstrated that where the Initiative is well integrated, there is an increase in rates of breastfeeding initiation and, to a lesser extent, duration. In consideration of the known health risks associated with the use of artificial baby milks this would suggest that BFHI implementation and accreditation should be a desirable strategy for committed health facilities. However, a variation in both BFHI uptake and breastfeeding prevalence between nations has been reported. This narrative review critically discusses a variety of issues relevant to the uptake and support of breastfeeding and the BFHI, utilising Australia as a case study. Whilst it enjoys 'in principle' policy support, Australia also suffers from a lack of uniformity in uptake and perception of the benefits of BFHI at all levels of the health system. Australian and international studies have identified similar enablers and barriers to implementation. PMID:23957177
Atchan, Marjorie; Davis, Deborah; Foureur, Maralyn
Migrant-friendly hospitals: a paediatric perspective - improving hospital care for migrant children
PubMed Central
Background The European Union (EU) Migrant-Friendly Hospital (MFH) Initiative, introduced in 2002, promotes the adoption of care approaches adapted to meet the service needs of migrants. However, for paediatric hospitals, no specific recommendations have been offered for MFH care for children. Using the Swiss MFH project as a case study, this paper aims to identify hospital-based care needs of paediatric migrants (PMs) and good service approaches. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with principal project leaders of five paediatric hospitals participating in the Swiss MFH project. A review of the international literature on non-clinical hospital service needs and service responses of paediatric MFHs was conducted. Results Paediatric care can be complex, usually involving both the patient and the patient�s family. Key challenges include differing levels of acculturation between parents and children; language barriers; cultural differences between patient and provider; and time constraints. Current service and infrastructural responses include interpretation services for PMs and parents, translated information material, and special adaptations to ensure privacy, e.g., during breastfeeding. Clear standards for paediatric migrant-friendly hospitals (P-MFH) are lacking. Conclusions International research on hospital care for migrant children is scarce. The needs of paediatric migrants and their families may differ from guidance for adults. Paediatric migrant needs should be systematically identified and used to inform paediatric hospital care approaches. Hospital processes from admission to discharge should be revised to ensure implementation of migrant-sensitive approaches suitable for children. Staff should receive adequate support, such as training, easily available interpreters and sufficient consultation time, to be able to provide migrant-friendly paediatric services. The involvement of migrant groups may be helpful. Improving the quality of care for PMs at both policy and service levels is an investment in the future that will benefit native and migrant families.
The Loneliest Babies: Foster Care in the Hospital
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This article discusses an ignored problem--the plight of infants and toddlers in foster care who find themselves hospitalized. A majority of the children in foster care will be hospitalized for medical treatment while in foster care because they are more likely to have serious medical problems or developmental disabilities than their age peers.�
Dicker, Sheryl
Postnatal depression and psychosis--a mother and baby unit in a general hospital.
The experience of a Mother and Baby Unit in a General Hospital Psychiatry Department in managing postnatal depression and puerperal psychosis over a 2-year period is reviewed. In our community severe depressive illness will more often be referred to a Public General Hospital with a psychiatric service. The mean admission duration of 26 days for depressive illness was significantly lower than that previously reported by a Psychiatric Hospital. A significant delay in presentation appeared in half the cases, which could be reduced by attention to the family and past psychiatric history, especially the patient's relationship to her own mother indicating risk of puerperal mental disturbance. PMID:3233082
Kissane, D; Ball, J R
Age-Related Incidence Curve of Hospitalized Shaken Baby Syndrome Cases: Convergent Evidence for Crying as a Trigger to Shaking
Objective: To determine whether there is an age-specific incidence of hospitalized cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) that has similar properties to the previously reported ''normal crying curve,'' as a form of indirect evidence that crying is an important stimulus for SBS. Design and setting: The study analyzed cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome by�
Barr, Ronald G.; Trent, Roger B.; Cross, Julie
Ten steps or climbing a mountain: A study of Australian health professionals' perceptions of implementing the baby friendly health initiative to protect, promote and support breastfeeding
Background The Baby Friendly Hospital (Health) Initiative (BFHI) is a global initiative aimed at protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding and is based on the ten steps to successful breastfeeding. Worldwide, over 20,000 health facilities have attained BFHI accreditation but only 77 Australian hospitals (approximately 23%) have received accreditation. Few studies have investigated the factors that facilitate or hinder implementation of BFHI but it is acknowledged this is a major undertaking requiring strategic planning and change management throughout an institution. This paper examines the perceptions of BFHI held by midwives and nurses working in one Area Health Service in NSW, Australia. Methods The study used an interpretive, qualitative approach. A total of 132 health professionals, working across four maternity units, two neonatal intensive care units and related community services, participated in 10 focus groups. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Three main themes were identified: 'Belief and Commitment'; 'Interpreting BFHI' and 'Climbing a Mountain'. Participants considered the BFHI implementation a high priority; an essential set of practices that would have positive benefits for babies and mothers both locally and globally as well as for health professionals. It was considered achievable but would take commitment and hard work to overcome the numerous challenges including a number of organisational constraints. There were, however, differing interpretations of what was required to attain BFHI accreditation with the potential that misinterpretation could hinder implementation. A model described by Greenhalgh and colleagues on adoption of innovation is drawn on to interpret the findings. Conclusion Despite strong support for BFHI, the principles of this global strategy are interpreted differently by health professionals and further education and accurate information is required. It may be that the current processes used to disseminate and implement BFHI need to be reviewed. The findings suggest that there is a contradiction between the broad philosophical stance and best practice approach of this global strategy and the tendency for health professionals to focus on the ten steps as a set of tasks or a checklist to be accomplished. The perceived procedural approach to implementation may be contributing to lower rates of breastfeeding continuation.
Development of a baby friendly non-contact method for measuring vital signs: First results of clinical measurements in an open incubator at a neonatal intensive care unit
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
For infants and neonates in an incubator vital signs, such as heart rate, breathing, skin temperature and blood oxygen saturation are measured by sensors and electrodes sticking to the skin. This can damage the vulnerable skin of neonates and cause infections. In addition, the wires interfere with the care and hinder the parents in holding and touching the baby. These problems initiated the search for baby friendly 'non-contact' measurement of vital signs. Using a sensitive color video camera and specially developed software, the heart rate was derived from subtle repetitive color changes. Potentially also respiration and oxygen saturation could be obtained. A thermal camera was used to monitor the temperature distribution of the whole body and detect small temperature variations around the nose revealing the respiration rate. After testing in the laboratory, seven babies were monitored (with parental consent) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) simultaneously with the regular monitoring equipment. From the color video recordings accurate heart rates could be derived and the thermal images provided accurate respiration rates. To correct for the movements of the baby, tracking software could be applied. At present, the image processing was performed off-line. Using narrow band light sources also non-contact blood oxygen saturation could be measured. Non-contact monitoring of vital signs has proven to be feasible and can be developed into a real time system. Besides the application on the NICU non-contact vital function monitoring has large potential for other patient groups.
Klaessens, John H.; van den Born, Marlies; van der Veen, Albert; Sikkens-van de Kraats, Janine; van den Dungen, Frank A.; Verdaasdonk, Rudolf M.
Age-related incidence curve of hospitalized Shaken Baby Syndrome cases: Convergent evidence for crying as a trigger to shaking
ObjectiveTo determine whether there is an age-specific incidence of hospitalized cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) that has similar properties to the previously reported �normal crying curve,� as a form of indirect evidence that crying is an important stimulus for SBS.
Ronald G. Barr; Roger B. Trent; Julie Cross
Cost-Effectiveness of the "Helping Babies Breathe" Program in a Missionary Hospital in Rural Tanzania
Objective The Helping Babies Breathe� (HBB) program is an evidence-based curriculum in basic neonatal care and resuscitation, utilizing simulation-based training to educate large numbers of birth attendants in low-resource countries. We analyzed its cost-effectiveness at a faith-based Haydom Lutheran Hospital (HLH) in rural Tanzania. Methods Data about early neonatal mortality and fresh stillbirth rates were drawn from a linked observational study during one year before and one year after full implementation of the HBB program. Cost data were provided by the Tanzanian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW), the research department at HLH, and the manufacturer of the training material L�rdal Global Health. Findings Costs per life saved were USD 233, while they were USD 4.21 per life year gained. Costs for maintaining the program were USD 80 per life saved and USD 1.44 per life year gained. Costs per disease adjusted life year (DALY) averted ranged from International Dollars (ID; a virtual valuta corrected for purchasing power world-wide) 12 to 23, according to how DALYs were calculated. Conclusion The HBB program is a low-cost intervention. Implementation in a very rural faith-based hospital like HLH has been highly cost-effective. To facilitate further global implementation of HBB a cost-effectiveness analysis including government owned institutions, urban hospitals and district facilities is desirable for a more diverse analysis to explore cost-driving factors and predictors of enhanced cost-effectiveness.
Vossius, Corinna; Lotto, Editha; Lyanga, Sara; Mduma, Estomih; Msemo, Georgina; Perlman, Jeffrey; Ersdal, Hege L.
Small Hospitality Business Involvement in Environmentally Friendly Initiatives
Complex contemporary economic and political environments are increasingly pressurising businesses to follow environmentally conscious principles, particularly in view of the constant increase of landfill from solid waste, pollution and other environmental issues. Environmental sustainability is a key issue for the hospitality industry in terms of water, power consumption and waste production. However, how important is environmental sustainability for operators, particularly
Martin A. ONeill; Abel Duarte Alonso
Shaken baby syndrome
... angry. Do not hold your baby during an argument. If you find yourself becoming annoyed or angry with your baby, put him in the crib and leave the room. Try to calm down. Call someone for support. Call a friend or relative to come and stay with the ...
Ocular manifestations and prognosis of shaken baby syndrome in two Japanese children�s hospitals
Purpose��To distinguish the profiles of patients and ophthalmologic features and to describe the prognosis of shaken baby syndrome\\u000a (SBS) in Japan.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Methods��Charts of child abuse cases involving retinal hemorrhage at Kanagawa Children�s Medical Center and the National Center for\\u000a Child Health and Development between January 1997 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean follow-up period\\u000a was 22.2 months (range,
Yuri Kobayashi; Kayoko Yamada; Shizuko Ohba; Sachiko Nishina; Makiko Okuyama; Noriyuki Azuma
Measuring New Born Foot Length to Identify Small Babies in Need of Extra Care: a Cross-Sectional Hospital Based Study
Objective The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) continues to remain quite high, one important cause being preterm deliveries. The main obstacle in the pathway towards decreasing NMR is identification of babies in need of extra care. To analyze the utility of newborn foot length as a proxy measure for birth weight and gestational age. Methods A cross-sectional study done in a hospital of eastern India with 351 babies during 4 months. Right foot length of each recorded using a plastic, stiff ruler. Findings 48.1% babies were preterm, 51.8% low birth weight (LBW) and 33.3% very low birth weight (VLBW). Foot length less than 7.75 cm has 92.3% sensitivity and 86.3% specificity for identification of preterm neonates. For identification of LBW babies (<2500 gm) a foot length less than 7.85cm has 100% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity. Foot length less than 6.85 cm has 100% sensitivity and 94.9% specifity for identification of VLBW babies (<1500 gm). Conclusion Foot length may be used in the identification of LBW and preterm babies who are in need of extra care.
Mukherjee, Satarupa; Roy, Prithwish; Mitra, Souvik; Samanta, Moumita; Chatterjee, Sukanta
Hospitals' response to the buckle-up baby legislation in Ontario.
Drivers in Ontario are legally responsible to ensure that infants and toddlers are restrained in a child safety seat or by a lap belt. In 1982 the minister of health sent a memorandum to all medical officers of health and the administrators and medical directors of all public hospitals in Ontario, urging them to encourage and assist parents in protecting their newborn children with safety seats. In 1983 the Toronto General Hospital established the Cooperative Hospital Infant Restraint Program (CHIRP) to study the feasibility of a "loaner" program for hospitals in metropolitan Toronto. The authors describe CHIRP and its objectives. They also report the results of a questionnaire they sent in 1984 to all Ontario hospitals that had a newborn or pediatric service to assess their response to the minister's memorandum.
Lawee, D; Stoughton, W V
Trimming Your Baby's Nails
... Baby Nutrition & Fitness Emotions & Behavior School & Family Life First Aid & Safety Doctors & Hospitals Q&A Recipes En Espa�ol ... Newborn Laundering Your Baby's Clothes A Guide for First-Time Parents Growth and Your ... here About KidsHealth About Nemours Contact ...
A 12-year ophthalmologic experience with the shaken baby syndrome at a regional children's hospital.
PURPOSE: To examine the ophthalmologic experience with the shaken baby syndrome (SBS) at one medical center, including clinical findings, autopsy findings, and the visual outcome of survivors. METHODS: One hundred sixteen patients admitted from 1987 to 1998 for subdural hematomas of the brain secondary to abuse were included. RESULTS: Retinal hemorrhages were detected in 84% of the children, but this important finding had been missed often by nonophthalmologists. Poor visual response, poor pupillary response, and retinal hemorrhage correlated strongly with demise of the child. One child who died had pigmented retinal scars from previous abuse, a condition not previously observed histopathologically. The clinical and autopsy findings varied somewhat, probably because of the differing conditions for examination. No correlation could be made between computerized tomography scans done during life and the subdural hemorrhage of the optic nerve found on autopsy. Half of the surviving patients were known to have good vision. One fourth of the patients had poor vision, largely due to cerebral visual impairment from bilateral injury posterior to the optic chiasm. Severe neurologic impairment correlated highly with loss of vision. CONCLUSION: This series provides information on the frequency of eye findings in SBS patients. No fundus finding is pathognomonic for SBS. When retinal hemorrhages are found in young children, the likelihood that abuse occurred is very high. The difficulty that nonophthalmologists have in detecting retinal hemorrhage may be an important limiting factor in finding these children so they may be protected from further abuse. Images FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5
Kivlin, J D
Supporting Fathers in a NICU: Effects of the HUG Your Baby Program on Fathers' Understanding of Preterm Infant Behavior.
Fathers of preterm babies in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are under stress. Lack of knowledge about a preterm infant's behavior challenges new fathers who may be required to make decisions about the hospitalized infant, to update concerned family and friends, and to provide support to the mother while she recovers from giving birth. The NICU nurses have the opportunity to support and guide these new fathers, although no previous research has confirmed how to do so effectively. This study confirmed that using The HUG Your Baby DVD and family-friendly educational program with fathers of preterm babies in a NICU increased fathers' knowledge of infant behavior and, as previous research suggests, is likely to boost fathers' confidence and to promote the parent-child relationship and strengthen the family unit. PMID:24421604
Kadivar, Maliheh; Mozafarinia, Seyedeh Maryam
Breast is best for babies.
Breastfeeding is the optimal method of infant feeding. Breast milk provides almost all the necessary nutrients, growth factors and immunological components a healthy term infant needs, Other advantages of breastfeeding include reduction of incidences and severity of infections; prevention of allergies; possible enhancement of cognitive development; and prevention of obesity, hypertension and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Health gains for breastfeeding mothers include lactation amenorrhea, early involution of the uterus, enhanced bonding between the mother and the infant, and reduction in incidence of ovarian and breast cancer. From the economic perspective, breastfeeding is less expensive than formula feeding. In most cases, maternal ingestion of medications and maternal infections are not contraindications to breastfeeding. Breastfeeding, however, is contraindicated in infants with galactosemia. The management of common breastfeeding issues, such as breast engorgement, sore nipples, mastitis and insufficient milk, is discussed. Breastfeeding should be initiated as soon after delivery as possible. To promote, protect and support breastfeeding, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) developed the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Healthcare professionals have an important role to play in promoting and protecting breastfeeding.
Leung, Alexander K. C.; Sauve, Reginald S.
Breastfeeding Your Baby
How does breastfeeding benefit my baby? Breastfeeding benefits your baby in the following ways: � Breast milk provides the perfect mix of ... health problems that preterm babies face. How does breastfeeding my baby benefit me? Breastfeeding is good for ...
Baby Weight
NSDL National Science Digital Library
In this lesson students use a rule of thumb about the weight of babies to practice doubling and halving numbers. They complete an organized table and compare data using vertical and horizontal double bar graphs. The lesson includes a student activity sheet and extension ideas.
Cook, Marcy
Sand Babies
In this math lesson, learners explore and investigate measurement using standard and non-standard units. First, learners round their birth weight to the nearest pound and construct a bar graph displaying the weights of the entire group. Next, learners measure and place enough sand into a plastic bag to equal their birth weight. With construction paper, crayons and markers, they draw a head, arms, and legs and turn the bags into sand babies. At centers, learners also investigate other types of measurements using non-standard plastic links to measure parts of their body and square tiles to measure the area of a footprint.
On-demand Virtual Neonatal Intensive Care units supporting rural, remote and urban healthcare with Bush Babies Broadband
Premature and ill term babies born in regional Australia must be moved to another hospital with Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) facilities. Transferred pre-term and critically ill term babies have higher mortality rates and much higher rates of long term disability than similar babies born in hospitals with NICU facilities. This paper details the Bush Babies Broadband project that aims
Carolyn Mcgregor; Bruce Kneale; Mark Tracy
Hazards of baby walkers in a European context
OBJECTIVES: To identify conditions related to baby walker injuries in a Greek population. DESIGN: Analysis of all baby walker related injuries recorded during a 12 month period by the childhood injury surveillance system established in one of the two teaching hospitals for children serving the population of Athens. SETTING: Emergency clinics of A Kyriakou Children's Hospital in Athens, Greece. SUBJECTS:
E. Petridou; E. Simou; C. Skondras; G. Pistevos; P. Lagos; G. Papoutsakis
The Health Literacy Environment of Hospitals and Health Centers. Partners for Action: Making Your Healthcare Facility Literacy-Friendly
The "health literacy environment" of a healthcare facility represents the expectations, preferences, and skills of those providing health information and services. Some of these demands are in the form of physical aspects of the hospital or health center, such as signs and postings. At the same time, access to and navigation of health services�
Rudd, Rima E.; Anderson, Jennie E.
Your Colicky Baby
... of swallowing too much air while crying. Some theories suggest that colic occurs when food moves too ... baby's digestive system or is incompletely digested. Other theories are that colic is due to a baby's ...
Finger Foods for Babies
... baby probably will love the taste of cookies, cake, and other sweets, but do not introduce them ... to rush your baby into trying triple-chocolate cake or some other family favorite. Politely and firmly ...
Diapering Your Baby
... sensitive skin) or a clean washcloth or diaper wipes diaper ointment or petroleum jelly (for preventing and ... Using the wet washcloth, cotton balls, or baby wipes, gently wipe your baby clean from the front ...
Shaken baby symptoms (image)
Shaken baby syndrome is a severe form of head injury caused by the baby's brain rebounding inside of the baby's skull when shaken. In this injury there is bruising of the brain, swelling, pressure, and bleeding (intracerebral hemorrhage). This can easily ...
The New Baby.
This book for beginning readers tells the story of a South African priest and his wife who are ashamed when their daughter tells them she is going to have a baby. They refuse to have anything to do with her when she is pregnant. However, when the baby comes, everything changes and they come to accept and love the baby. Large black and white�
Brain, Helen
Babies and Briefcases: Creating a Family-Friendly Workplace for Fathers. Hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session.
Hearings on family-friendly workplaces for fathers were held in an effort to help create a corporate culture that allows fathers to take advantage of and support different workplace policies. Fathers' impact on children's development, and the reasons why it is important for fathers to be part of the parenting process, are examined. Representative�
Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families.
Short term outcome in babies refused perinatal intensive care
OBJECTIVE--To compare the mortality in babies refused admission to a regional perinatal centre with that in babies accepted for intensive care in the centre. DESIGN--Retrospective study with group comparison. SETTING--Based at the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, with follow up of patients in all obstetric units in Northern Ireland. PATIENTS--Requests for transfer of 675 babies to the regional perinatal centre (prenatally
H. Sidhu; R. N. Heasley; C. C. Patterson; H. L. Halliday; W. Thompson
Early Mother/Baby Contact: Consequences/Implications for Treatment.
To assess the effect of early mother-infant proximity on later stress and behavior, two studies were made which involved a sample of mother-baby pairs that was larger than samples utilized in previous studies. In Study 1, involving 300 consecutive mother-baby couples at the Maternity Hospital in Plymouth, England clinical medical officers used a�
Vorster, de Wet
Hepatitis B Shots Are Recommended for All New Babies
... same groups that recommend babies get vaccinated against whooping cough (pertussis), measles, tetanus, polio, and other serious diseases. Why ... B, many of these diseases such as rotavirus, whooping cough, and meningitis can result in severe illness, hospitalization, ...
Baby walkers . . . time to take a stand?
Experience in our hospital and figures from the Home Accident Surveillance System indicate that the number of accidents involving baby walkers is increasing. Safety specifications issued by the British Standards Institution are rarely, if ever, met in full by manufacturers. Home accident prevention measures have been shown to be of limited benefit. We advocate more stringent implementation of safety features
D N Gleadhill; W J Robson; R E Cudmore; R R Turnock
Pregnancy anxieties and natural recognition in baby-switching.
Recent media reports in the USA of baby-switching at birth have caused anxiety for a number of maternity patients. Although alternative precautionary procedures are being implemented by hospitals to prevent baby-switching, ways to allay the maternity patient's anxiety must also be considered. While maternity patients can be expected to recognize their neonates, it is less clear how well they perform recognition under specified conditions. An American team of researchers noted postpartum mothers' anxiety levels and their natural cues to recognize crying sounds and garment smells of their babies as preventive measures against baby-switching. An experimental study design was used to conduct this research. Participants completed a demographic form and Levin's pregnancy anxiety instrument, followed by three recognition challenges for hearing and smelling cues. Ten per cent of mothers reported anxiety about baby-switching, 65.9% recognized their babies from recorded crying, and 52.3% recognized their babies by smell. Mothers do have the natural ability to recognize the cries or smells of their babies, even when anxious about baby-switching. Educating new mothers, acknowledging their natural ability for baby recognition, and promoting the use of private rooms with same-room (couplet) care can serve as extra safeguards. PMID:12048488
DiPasquale Davis, J; Moran, M K; Horger, E O; Dajani, A N
Friend Finder
Friend Finder (Game) Email Embed Grab this Game :
Tunnicliffe, Sue Dale
Tunnicliffe, Sue Dale
Your Growing Baby
... responds to name 1st year: Crawls, says "mama" 2nd year: Walks, uses simple phrases Most common questions How do I know my baby is growing the way he should? During the first year of life, your baby will grow and develop at an ...
Assessing the Quality of Family, Friend, and Neighbor Care: The State of Research
The author explores the extent to which infants and toddlers are regularly in the care of nonparental relatives, friends, and neighbors and notes the limited research on the quality of care provided by family, friends, and neighbors. (Note: This article is an excerpt from "Who's Watching the Babies?: Improving the Quality of Family, Friend, and�
Powell, Douglas R.
Expedient Treatment of a Collodion Baby
Only ~270 cases of collodion babies have been reported in the literature since 1892. As the name suggests, the term �collodion baby� refers to a phenotype that can be characterized by a yellow, shiny, tight parchment-like membrane stretched over the skin. Although the collodion membrane is only an evanescent condition of the newborn, neonatal complications can occur in 45% of all collodion babies, leading to a mortality rate of ~11% in the first few weeks of life. Most children born as collodion babies will spontaneously desquamate within 2 weeks, but may be as long as 3 months. Eventually, these children develop signs of one of several types of ichthyosis, which gives the skin the appearance of �fish scales.� We report a unique case of a Caucasian male that was born as a Collodion baby at the University of Kentucky Children's Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky. Although the impairment of the skin barrier function put the patient at risk for a number of complications, he improved significantly after being treated with emollients and antibiotics. In contrast to previous findings, we found that skin emollients were beneficial and did not increase the risk of infection.
Chung, Michael; Pittenger, Jaime; Tobin, Stuart; Chung, Andrew; Desai, Nirmala
Can Baby Hear?
... Current Issue Past Issues Special Section: Focus on Communication Can Baby Hear? Past Issues / Fall 2008 Table ... to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). Prior to this, the average age ...
Your Baby's First Year
... the response to sound in the middle ear cavity. Another type of screening measures the response of ... Because milk left on the teeth can cause cavities it is very important that your baby not ...
Feeding Your Baby
MedlinePLUS Videos and Cool Tools
... to Order Bottles Feeding FAQs Bottle Adaptations Movie Credits Terms & Conditions Feeding Your Baby Booklet Parents and ... Help Send us Feedback Terms and Conditions | Movie Credits Click here for the booklet version of our ...
Shaken Baby Syndrome.
Discusses the history, epidemiology, biomechanics, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, long-term management, and prevention of shaken baby syndrome. It presents medical-legal issues as well as a discussion of programs aimed at prevention of physical abuse. (Author/DB)
Alexander, Randell C.; Smith, Wilbur L.
Media and breastfeeding: friend or foe?
The mass media have the potential to be powerful friends or foes in promoting breastfeeding. The media could help by putting the issue of breastfeeding on policy agendas and by framing breastfeeding as healthy and normative for baby and mother. Currently, however, it looks as if the media are more often contributing to perceptions that breastfeeding is difficult for mothers and potentially dangerous for babies. This paper presents a brief overview of research on the media and breastfeeding, some insights into the market forces and human psychological factors that may play into media representations of breastfeeding, and strategies to help breastfeeding advocates work more effectively with the media. PMID:18680582
Brown, Jane D; Peuchaud, Sheila Rose
Helping Your Bereaved Friend
... a listener, encourage your friend to talk and express feelings. Help your friend organize his or her ... It is best to "encourage" your friend to express grief. If your friends begins to cry, do ...
When Babies Scream: Why Babies Scream and What to Do
When a baby screams, that is a signal that all is not well for the body of the baby, for her emotional well-being, and/or for the baby's relationship with the teacher. During the first year of life, infants learn that adults are in control of providing reassuring care. Adults will "make things better" when a baby's tummy feels horribly empty, when�
Honig, Alice Sterling
Dinosaur Eggs and Babies
In the last couple of decades the study of dinosaur eggs and babies has proved to be one of the most exciting and profitable areas of dinosaur research. This is the first book solely devoted to this topic and reviews, in scientific detail, our present state of knowledge about this exciting area of palaeontology. Chapters in the book discuss all aspects of the science including the occurrence of eggs, nests and baby skeletons, descriptive osteology of juvenile skeletons, comparative histology of juvenile bone, analyses of eggs and egg shells, palaeoenvironments of nesting sites, nesting behaviour and developmental growth of baby dinosaurs. The volume will be an invaluable addition to the book collections of vertebrate palaeontologists and their graduate students.
Carpenter, Kenneth; Hirsch, Karl F.; Horner, John R.
Colostrum: Your Baby's First Meal
... Baby: 0-12 mos. Bathing & Skin Care Breastfeeding Crying & Colic Diapers & Clothing Feeding & Nutrition Preemie Sleep Teething & ... Ages & Stages Prenatal Baby Bathing & Skin Care Breastfeeding Crying & Colic Diapers & Clothing Feeding & Nutrition Preemie Sleep Teething & ...
Save Babies through Screening Foundation
Welcome to Save Babies Through Screening Foundation. The only non-profit organization that advocates for comprehensive newborn screening. Explore and learn—it could save a baby's life! Pregnant Families ...
Positioning your baby for breastfeeding
... Adjust your baby�s position if you need to. FOOTBALL HOLD Use the football hold if you had a C-section. This ... large breasts or flat nipples also like the football hold. Hold your baby like a football. Tuck ...
Keeping Baby Boomers Volunteering.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Baby Boomers the generation of 77 million Americans born between 1946 and 1964 represent a potential boom to the volunteer world. Based on U.S. Census data, the numbers of volunteers age 65 and older will increase 50 percent over the next 13 years, from j...
Baby universe theory.
We give an elementary review of the so called 'the theory of baby universes' which is a series of ideas or speculations about some effects in quantum gravity, viz. the effect of a certain type of wormholes, representing the exchange of small 3-space unive...
H. B. Nielsen M. Ninomiya
For Babies to Flourish.
Ideas for fine tuning the awareness and responsive interactions of teachers of infants and toddlers are offered. The ideas, which are supported by theory, research, and clinical experience, focus on the importance of: (1) tender, careful holding of babies; (2) prompt and accurate interpretation of the signals of distress; (3) development of keen�
When a Baby Dies.
Written especially for grieving mothers whose babies have died, this booklet offers an overview of stages and experiences through which bereaved parents commonly pass. Specifically, the text is intended to give comfort to bereaved parents, offer insight into the grieving process, and provide thoughts on leave-taking ceremonies. The first section�
Church, Martha Jo; And Others
No Baby Left behind
"No Baby Left Behind" was created to have an impact on the school readiness of children in the community today and in the future. Each year, there are an increasing number of students who have learning difficulties. Many of these problems are preventable. Accidents, poor nutrition (of the mother and/or child), drug use, alcohol use, and lack of�
Blanton, Dorothy
Closing the quality gap: promoting evidence-based breastfeeding care in the hospital.
Evidence shows that hospital-based practices affect breastfeeding duration and exclusivity throughout the first year of life. However, a 2007 CDC survey of US maternity facilities documented poor adherence with evidence-based practice. Of a possible score of 100 points, the average hospital scored only 63 with great regional disparities. Inappropriate provision and promotion of infant formula were common, despite evidence that such practices reduce breastfeeding success. Twenty-four percent of facilities reported regularly giving non-breast milk supplements to more than half of all healthy, full-term infants. Metrics available for measuring quality of breastfeeding care, range from comprehensive Baby-Friendly Hospital Certification to compliance with individual steps such as the rate of in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding. Other approaches to improving quality of breastfeeding care include (1) education of hospital decision-makers (eg, through publications, seminars, professional organization statements, benchmark reports to hospitals, and national grassroots campaigns), (2) recognition of excellence, such as through Baby-Friendly hospital designation, (3) oversight by accrediting organizations such as the Joint Commission or state hospital authorities, (4) public reporting of indicators of the quality of breastfeeding care, (5) pay-for-performance incentives, in which Medicaid or other third-party payers provide additional financial compensation to individual hospitals that meet certain quality standards, and (6) regional collaboratives, in which staff from different hospitals work together to learn from each other and meet quality improvement goals at their home institutions. Such efforts, as well as strong central leadership, could affect both initiation and duration of breastfeeding, with substantial, lasting benefits for maternal and child health. PMID:19752082
Bartick, Melissa; Stuebe, Alison; Shealy, Katherine R; Walker, Marsha; Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M
Working with Family, Friend, and Neighbor Caregivers: Lessons from Four Diverse Communities
This article is excerpted from "Who's Watching the Babies? Improving the Quality of Family, Friend, and Neighbor Care" by Douglas R. Powell ("ZERO TO THREE," 2008). The article explores questions about program development and implementation strategies for supporting Family, Friend, and Neighbor (FFN) caregivers: How do programs and their host�
Zusammenfassung��Das Shaken-baby-Syndrom (SBS) oder Sch�tteltrauma des S�uglings beschreibt die Koinzidenz subduraler H�matome, retinaler Blutungen\\u000a und prognostisch ung�nstiger, diffuser Hirnsch�den durch heftiges Sch�tteln eines S�uglings. Die klinischen Symptome umfassen\\u000a Irritabilit�t, Trinkschwierigkeiten, Somnolenz, Apathie, zerebrale Krampfanf�lle, Apnoe, Temperaturregulationsst�rungen und\\u000a Erbrechen durch Hirndruck. Leichtere Symptome des SBS werden h�ufig nicht diagnostiziert, die Dunkelziffer ist wahrscheinlich\\u000a viel h�her. Die Diagnose des SBS wird durch
W. Reith; T. Rohrer; F. Ahlhelm; P. Papanagiotou
A 35-day-old male infant with presumed shaken baby syndrome is reported. This first born child to mother educated upto middle\\u000a school and father tailor by occupation was brought from a remote village 180 kms away from JIPMER. Poor feeding, focal clonic\\u000a seizures were the initial symptoms. The fundus examination revealed fresh preretinal and vitreous hemorrhages. CT Brain showed\\u000a right sided
T. Arun Babu; C. Venkatesh; S. Mahadevan
Having Healthy Babies
The Science Inside: Having Healthy BabiesThis booklet summarizes what health professionals know about healthy babies and mothers. It shows women how to avoid or reduce the health risks of pregnancy, provides information about the development of healthy infants and toddlers, and outlines the steps of pregnancy from conception to labor and delivery to postnatal care. Having Healthy Babies directs readers to more sources of information and to the latest scientific research.The Science Inside e-book series is intended to be a bridge between the consumer health brochure and the scientific paper, the booklets in this series focus on the science that is inside of, or behind, the disease its cause, its possible cure, its treatment, promising research, and so on. These booklets are designed to appeal to people who have not had the opportunity to study the science and to understand why they may have been given some of the advice that they have been given through some of the more consumer-oriented materials.
American Association for the Advancement of Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science;)
Premature Babies and Adult Sleep Apnea
... corner of the player. Premature Babies and Adult Sleep Apnea HealthDay February 6, 2014 Related MedlinePlus Pages Breathing Problems Premature Babies Sleep Apnea Transcript Researchers already know that premature babies ...
Baby Skyrmion strings
We consider two limiting cases of the 2+1 dimensional analog of the Skyrme model, where we show the existence of string-like solutions to the equations of motion. The model contains a conserved topological charge usually called the baryon number. Our strings are solitons which have a constant baryon number per unit length. In one limiting case, our configuration saturates a Bogomolnyi-type bound and is degenerate in energy per baryon with the baby Skyrmion which is the analog of the spherically symmetric Skyrmion soliton. Hence here the string is energetically stable. In the other limiting case these energies are still degenerate but neither saturates the corresponding Bogomolnyi-type bound. Here we find invariance under area preserving diffeomorphisms. Both cases are solvable analytically. For intermediate ranges of the parameters we provide numerical evidence of the existence of the string-like configurations in a region of the parameter space. We speculate that the string is classically stable here as the energy per length containing one baryon is less than the energy of an isolated baryon (radially symmetric �baby Skyrmion�).
Gisiger, T.; Paranjape, M. B.
Getting Services for Your Baby
... the NICU? Babies who've been in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) are often at higher risk of getting ... can I find help? Some babies leave the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) just fine while others may have developmental ...
Caring for Your Premature Baby
... soft mattresses may increase your baby's risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), which is the sudden and unexplained death of an baby who is younger than 1 year old (usually while the infant is asleep, which is why it is also ...
Shaken baby syndrome is the most common cause of death or serious neurological injury resulting from child abuse. It is specific to infancy, when children have unique anatomic features. Subdural and retinal haemorrhages are markers of shaking injury. An American radiologist, John Caffey, coined the name whiplash shaken infant syndrome in 1974. It was, however, a British neurosurgeon, Guthkelch who first described shaking as the cause of subdural haemorrhage in infants. Impact was later thought to play a major part in the causation of brain damage. Recently improved neuropathology and imaging techniques have established the cause of brain injury as hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive and specific method of confirming a shaking injury. Families of children with subdural haemorrhages should be thoroughly investigated by social welfare agencies.
Blumenthal, I
Can Pacifiers and Baby Bottles Ruin My Baby's Teeth?
... Baby's Teeth? Are Pacifiers a Problem? Early Childhood Tooth Decay: The Roles of the Bottle and Breastfeeding Long- ... water. This will increase your child's risk of tooth decay. Use positive reinforcement to encourage older children to ...
Helping Friends and Family
... chapter Join our online community Helping Friends and Family Part of living well with Alzheimer�??s is adjusting to your �??new normal�?� and helping family and friends do the same. Knowing what to ...
Secular change in birthweight of Asian babies born in Birmingham.
We have studied changes in the birthweight of Asian babies born alive at this hospital between 1968 and 1978. In 1978 Pakistani babies were 139 g heavier but Indian babies only 25 g heavier than 10 years earlier. Contributing to these changes were significantly fewer short mothers and primiparae among Pakistanis, and non-significant increases in gestational age and intrauterine growth (that is, weight centile after allowing for gestational age, parity, and maternal height). Among Indians there were significant increases in maternal height and gestational age, but parity was reduced and intrauterine growth did not increase. In both groups there were fewer teenage mothers, but whereas among Pakinstanis birth intervals of less than one year were less common, there was no such reduction among Indian mothers. The secular change suggests that genetic factors are unlikely to be the major reason why Pakistani babies born in Birmingham are lighter than European babies, and that environmental factors play an important role. Efforts to increase birthweight need to consider both the mothers' physical environment during pregnancy and prepregnancy factors influencing growth in childhood, age at first pregnancy, and birth interval. The study shows a need to describe an 'Asian' population with details of their sub-ethnic structure. The sub-ethnic and secular differences further suggest that a single 'Asian' standard for birthweight and intrauterine growth may be inappropriate; the use of international reference data with which all infants may be compared is preferable.
Clarson, C L; Barker, M J; Marshall, T; Wharton, B A
Baby walker safety - baby's minder or parent's problem? A qualitative analysis of clients' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding baby walker use
Objective To investigate the range of knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents regarding baby walkers.Design A qualitative study using a focus group approach.Setting Three focus groups were held in community mother and toddler drop-in centres, and one in a hospital antenatal clinic.Methods Four focus groups were held over a two-month period in 2000. Parents from areas with differing levels of
Rhydian Hapgood; Amanda Woods; Jane Dyas; Elaine Bentley; Denise Kendrick
Protecting Your Baby from RSV
... Prevent SIDS NICU Journal: A Parent's Journey Baby & Child Health Newborn Intensive Care, 3rd Edition El Primer Ano De Su ... Lungs Chronic Conditions Developmental Disabilities Ear Nose & Throat Emotional ...
Glaucoma Can Affect Babies, Too
Proliferative Retinopathy in Anencephalic Babies.
A series of 73 eyes from anencephalic babies was examined histopathologically. In addition to the well-documented ocular findings in anencephaly, nine of these eyes (from six infants) showed various degrees of vascular proliferative changes of the retina ...
D. J. Addison R. L. Font W. A. Manschot
Taking Care of a Baby
In this Science NetLinks lesson, students are introduced to the basics of how a baby grows inside its mother until its birth. They then consider and discuss the birthing process. Then students are led into the third part of the lesson, which focuses on the early years of infancy. They are prompted to think about the kinds of basic needs infants have and the critical role adults play in ensuring a baby's healthy physical, emotional, and cognitive development.
Science Netlinks;
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in shaken baby syndrome
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWIMRI) in the diagnosis and management of children with suspected or confirmed Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS).METHODS: This was a retrospective interventional case series of all infants and children younger than 2 years of age admitted to a children�s hospital. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and neuroimaging findings of all children
Val�rie Biousse; Daniel Y Suh; Nancy J Newman; Patricia C Davis; Timothy Mapstone; Scott R Lambert
[Baby with respiratory problems and cardiac arrest].
A ten-month-old girl was admitted to hospital with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Her condition deteriorated the following day, and she presented with symptoms of inspiratory stridor, facial palsy and ventricular fibrillation. She was resuscitated and intubated, and a normal spinal puncture was performed. Further investigation revealed areflexia, general hypotonia and reduced ejection fraction. Neurophysiological investigation showed long F-response, and renewed cerebrospinal fluid testing showed albuminocytologic dissociation, both typical signs of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). Antitoxin was administered to the baby on suspicion of botulism, but immunological and microbiological testing ruled out infectious aetiology. She showed rapid improvement after i.v. immunoglobulin therapy, and was completely restituted/recovered 6 months after the incident. PMID:22353838
Greve-Isdahl, Finn; Holmaas, Gunhild; Vedeler, Christian A
Baby Solar System
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
What did our solar system look like in its infancy,...... when the planets were forming? We cannot travel back in time to take an image of the early solar system, but in principle we can have the next best thing: images of infant planetary systems around Sun-like stars with ages of 1 to 5 million years, the time we think it took for the giant planets to form. Infant exoplanetary systems are critically important because they can help us understand how our solar system fits within the context of planet formation in general. More than 80% of stars are born with gas- and dust-rich disks, and thus have the potential to form planets. Through many methods we have identified more than 760 planetary systems around middle-aged stars like the Sun, but many of these have architectures that look nothing like our solar system. Young planetary systems are important missing links between various endpoints and may help us understand how and when these differences emerge. Well-known star-forming regions in Taurus, Scorpius. and Orion contain stars that could have infant planetary systems. But these stars are much more distant than our nearest neighbors such as Alpha Centauri or Sirius, making it extremely challenging to produce clear images of systems that can reveal signs of recent planet formation, let alone reveal the planets themselves. Recently, a star with the unassuming name LkCa 15 may have given us our first detailed "baby picture" of a young planetary system similar to our solar system. Located about 450 light-years away in the Taurus starforming region. LkCa 15 has a mass comparable to the Sun (0.97 solar mass) and an age of l to 5 million years, comparable to the time at which Saturn and perhaps Jupiter formed. The star is surrounded by a gas-rich disk similar in structure to the one in our solar system from which the planets formed. With new technologies and observing strategies, we have confirmed suspicions that LkCa 15's disk harbors a young planetary system.
Currie, Thayne; Grady, Carol
Designer babies--why not?
Though many objections can be levelled against the idea of the practice of genetic intervention to produce 'designer babies', upon examination they are shown to hinge on features which concern parental intentions towards their children, rather than features specific to the means involved. These intentions may be pursued by a variety of social practices which may, though need not, involve a measure of 'traditional' genetic selection (i.e. in terms of the identity and characteristics of the reproducing partners). This paper reviews a number of these objections and, by parity of reasoning, rejects their claim to count specifically or decisively against genetic intervention in pursuit of 'designer babies'. Rejecting these objections does not lead to the endorsement of 'designing babies, but it shows that any unease must be grounded elsewhere and defended by other arguments. PMID:15586985
Evans, M
Should I have a baby?
Many questions arise when an HIV-infected woman wants to become pregnant. Twenty-five percent of infants born to HIV-positive mothers who are not using HIV medication become HIV-positive. The risk drops to around eight percent for HIV-positive mothers who are using AZT. Questions revolve around whether or not the woman should have a baby at this time and whether she is ready for parenthood. Additional questions concern decision making and readiness to possibly have an HIV-infected baby. Contact numbers for information about pregnancy and HIV are provided. PMID:11365397
Protect Babies from Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
... this? Submit Button CDC Features Protect Babies from Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Language: English Espa�ol (Spanish) Babies need protection from ... according to CDC's recommended schedule . Pregnant Women Need Whooping Cough Vaccine If you are pregnant, talk with your ...
Crankier Babies May Get More TV Time
Overweight Moms May Have Dangerously Big Babies
... published in the April issue of the journal Obstetrics Gynecology . A large baby is one that is ... Shoulder dystocia is one of the most serious obstetric emergencies and tends to happen in big babies." ...
When Your Teen Is Having a Baby
When Your Teen Is Having a Baby KidsHealth > Parents > School & Family Life > Tough Topics > When Your Teen Is Having a Baby ... at a time like this. Continue What Your Teen May Be Feeling Just a short time ago ...
Friends' Discovery Camp
This article features Friends' Discovery Camp, a program that allows children with and without autism spectrum disorder to learn and play together. In Friends' Discovery Camp, campers take part in sensory-rich experiences, ranging from hands-on activities and performing arts to science experiments and stories teaching social skills. Now in its 7th�
Seymour, Seth
Shaken Baby Syndrome. The Arc Q & A.
This fact sheet uses a question-and-answer format to summarize what is known about shaken baby syndrome, brain damage resulting from forceful shaking of an infant or young child. Questions and answers address the following topics: what shaken baby syndrome is and other names for the condition; the diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome; the incidence�
Palmer, Susan
Epilepsy associated with shaken baby syndrome
Inflicted injuries such as battering and shaking babies account for about 15% of children deaths. A large but probably underevaluated number of disabilities are referred to this kind of maltreatment. Indeed, an estimated 1,200 to 1,400 cases of shaken baby syndrome (SBS) are thought to occur each year in the United States. Only one out of four of these babies
Concezio Di Rocco
Your Baby's Development: The Second Trimester
... or her practice for life outside your body. Muscles grow stronger as your baby learns to kick, suck and open and close his or her hands. Your baby is also practicing making faces, such as frowning, smiling and squinting. When will I know my baby's ...
You Are Your Baby's First Teachers.
This easy-to-read manual for parents describes what a baby learns in the first year of life and suggests specific things parents or caregivers can do to encourage a baby to use his body, senses, and mind to communicate. Each chapter is concerned with 1 month of the infant's life and includes sections on (1) Baby's Viewpoint (discussion of the�
Segal, Marilyn M.
Changing School Demographics: The New Baby Boom.
This paper addresses the demographic and socioeconomic effects on schools of the "new baby boom," consisting of school-age children of the original "baby boomers." The effects of this second-generation demographic trend include a higher proportion of minority students (since the decline in marriage and birth rates among baby boomers reaching�
Lake, Sara
Value priorities and their relations with quality of life in the Baby Boomer generation of Lithuanian nurses: a cross-sectional survey
Background The understanding of the values of nurses is especially important, since nurses constitute 80% of workforce in the healthcare system in Lithuania. In addition to that, nursing is one of the major constituents of healthcare. The aim of this study was to determine what values predominate in the cohort of Baby Boomer nurses, and to evaluate the relation of these values with quality of life using M. Rokeach's terminal and instrumental values scale. M.Rokeach distinguished terminal values (such as world peace, wisdom, and happiness), which are preferred end-states of existence, and instrumental values (such as responsibility and cooperation), which are preferred modes of conduct. Methods We performed a representative anonymous questionnaire-based inquiry of nurses working in regional hospitals of Lithuania. The nurses who participated in the study were distributed into four work cohorts: the Veterans, the Baby Boomers, the Generation Xers, and the Generation Nexters. The majority of the nurses belonged to the Baby Boomers and the Generation Xers cohorts. Since in Lithuania, like in the whole Europe, the representatives of the Baby Boomers generation are predominating among working people, we selected this cohort (N = 387) for the analysis. The survey data was processed using the SPSS statistical software package Results The main values in life were family security, tranquility, and a sense of accomplishment. However, such values as true friendship, equality, and pleasurable and leisured life were seen as rather insignificant. The most important instrumental values were honesty, skillfulness, and responsibility. Our study showed a statistically significant (albeit weak) correlation between the QOL and terminal values such as the sense of accomplishment, tranquility, equality, and pleasure, as well as the instrumental value � obedience. We detected a statistically significant relationship between good QOL and satisfaction with oneself, relationships with the surrounding people, and friends' support. Conclusion The findings of our study showed that, although Lithuania was under a totalitarian regime for 50 years, both the terminal and the instrumental values of the Baby Boomers generation are very similar to those of the same generation in other countries.
Blazeviciene, Aurelija; Jakusovaite, Irayda
Babies, Toddlers and the Media.
"Zero to Three" is a single-focus bulletin of the National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families providing insight from multiple disciplines on the development of infants, toddlers, and their families. Noting that America's babies and toddlers live in a world full of television sets, VCRs, computers, videogames, and interactive toys, this�
Fenichel, Emily, Ed.
Compassionate Roots Begin with Babies
Long before babies understand words, they understand touch. The first experience of compassion infants receive is gentle, caring touch, which gives a strong message, especially when accompanied by eye contact and a soft tone of voice. The kind of relationship a compassionate caregiver strives to develop with an infant creates attachment, an�
Gonzalez-Mena, Janet
Drug Affected Babies: A Bibliography.
This 42-item annotated bibliography, represents a comprehensive effort to gather information on the educational problems of infant children of substance-abusing parents. Extensive searches were conducted in databases in the fields of education, medicine, social sciences, and the humanities. In particular, studies on the problems of "crack babies"�
Portland Public Schools, OR. Dept. of Research, Evaluation, and Testing.
Parents' first moments with their very preterm babies: a qualitative study
Objectives To assess parents� first experiences of their very preterm babies and the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Design Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Participants 32 mothers and 7 fathers of very preterm babies (<32?weeks gestation). Setting Three neonatal units in tertiary care hospitals in South East England. Results Five themes were identified. The first describes parents� blurred recall of the birth. The second shows the anticipation of seeing and touching their baby for the first time was characterised by contrasting emotions, with some parents feeling scared and others excited about the event. The third theme describes parents� first sight and touch of their babies and their �rollercoaster� of emotions during this time. It also highlights the importance of touch to trigger and strengthen the parent�baby bond. However, some parents were worried that touching or holding the baby might transmit infection or interfere with care. The fourth theme captures parents� impressions of NICU and how overwhelming this was particularly for parents who had not toured NICU beforehand or whose first sight of their baby was on NICU. The final theme captures unique experiences of fathers, in particular that many felt excluded and confused about their role. Conclusions This study informs family-centred care by providing insight into the experiences of parents of very preterm infants at a time when they are most in need of support. Clinical implications include the importance of offering parents preparatory tours of the NICU and including fathers.
Arnold, Leah; Sawyer, Alexandra; Rabe, Heike; Abbott, Jane; Gyte, Gillian; Duley, Lelia; Ayers, Susan
Plasma Calcium and Magnesium in Newborn Babies
Normal values for plasma calcium and magnesium levels during the first week of life, in breast- and bottle-fed babies, have been determined. It has been shown on the sixth day that plasma levels of calcium, magnesium, and protein are all significantly lower in bottle-fed babies than in breast-fed babies, while the reverse is true of the plasma inorganic phosphorus. The normal babies have been compared with 30 babies who had convulsions, beginning towards the end of the first week of life. In only six of the babies was the plasma calcium outside our normal range and only four had abnormally low magnesium levels. As so many of these babies had calcium and magnesium levels within the normal range it must seriously be questioned whether hypocalcaemia or hypomagnesaemia could have been the sole cause of the convulsions.
Harvey, D. R.; Cooper, Lesley V.; Stevens, J. F.
Status of liver enzymes in babies with perinatal asphyxia.
Because of hypoxemia, different organ systems of the body are affected in perinatal asphyxia. In this study, the functional status of liver of the asphyxiated babies was assessed through estimation of liver enzymes to see any correlation existing between enzyme changes and severity of perinatal asphyxia. A total of 70 full-term asphyxiated newborns (study group) were studied during January'2008 to December'2008 in the department of Paediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. After enrollment these babies were grouped according to Sarnat & Sarnat stages of Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) as stage I, II & III. Babies who are small for gestational age, having severe jaundice, sepsis or congenital anomalies of the hepatobiliary system were excluded from the study. Another 50 healthy newborns were also studied as control group. Venous blood was analyzed between 2nd and 5th day of life to estimate serum AST, ALT & alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Unpaired student's 't' test and Spearman's rank correlation was used for data analysis and P value of <0.05 were considered significant. Mean AST, ALT and ALP of the asphyxiated babies were 76.27�37.44, 82.16�48.08 & 369.59�123.05 U/L and that of normal babies were 23.46�8.45, 26.54�7.76 & 208.20�46.95 U/L respectively and these rise were statistically significant (p<0.001). The levels of transaminases and ALP were positively correlated with the severity of asphyxia and these correlations were also statistically significant (p<0.001). So, this study concludes that AST, ALT & ALP significantly elevated in perinatal asphyxia and this elevation was proportional to the severity of hypoxia. PMID:21804510
Islam, M T; Islam, M N; Mollah, A H; Hoque, M A; Hossain, M A; Nazir, F; Ahsan, M M
["Designer baby" changed to French for "double hope baby"].
Scientific advances during the last decades regarding potential intervention on embryos arouse many questions in society to prepare the ground concerning the limits that should be set for these practices. For the first time in 1994, a parliamentary proceeding allowed the definition of a French model of bioethics through laws of the same name. These laws, among others, authorized in a well and strictly defined setting the practice of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Because of technical progress concerning PGD, new questions arose, especially concerning the accomplishment of designer babies. The French Chamber of Representatives came in with a new law that banishes the concept of designer babies and replaces it with another concept: double hope babies, in French "b�b� du double espoir". A first hope of a pregnancy giving birth to a healthy child and the second being that this child conceived with the aid of PGD could help treat an elder brother. Because of the issuing of two specific laws in a ten years interval, France occupies a privileged place in a Europe where bioethical issues continue to be debated, particularly PGD. PMID:16139550
Fagniez, P-L; Loriau, J; Tayar, C
Cognition friendly interaction
This paper identifies yet another field of research, the discipline of human computer interaction, where the concept of 1/f noise can play a vital role. It is argued that friendly interactions between cognition and computation must have a memory and be antipersistent. A mathematical model of such interactions is obtained. The question is then raised as how to build a friendly software, and a possible evolutionary process is indicated. .
Das, Balaram
Wormholes, baby universes, and causality
SciTech Connect
In this paper wormholes defined on a Minkowski signature manifold are considered, both at the classical and quantum levels. It is argued that causality in quantum gravity may best be imposed by restricting the functional integral to include only causal Lorentzian spacetimes. Subject to this assumption, one can put very tight constraints on the quantum behavior of wormholes, their cousins the baby universes, and topology-changing processes in general. Even though topology-changing processes are tightly constrained, this still allows very interesting geometrical (rather than topological) effects. In particular, the laboratory construction of baby universes is {ital not} prohibited provided that the umbilical cord'' is never cut. Methods for relaxing these causality constraints are also discussed.
Visser, M. (Theoretical Division, T-8, Mail Stop B-285, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (US))
In this paper wormholes defined on a Minkowski signature manifold are considered, both at the classical and quantum levels. It is argued that causality in quantum gravity may best be imposed by restricting the functional integral to include only causal Lorentzian spacetimes. Subject to this assumption, one can put very tight constraints on the quantum behavior of wormholes, their cousins the baby universes, and topology-changing processes in general. Even though topology-changing processes are tightly constrained, this still allows very interesting geometrical (rather than topological) effects. In particular, the laboratory construction of baby universes is not prohibited provided that the ``umbilical cord'' is never cut. Methods for relaxing these causality constraints are also discussed.
Visser, Matt
Trauma and the wise baby.
This paper expands upon Ferenczi's concept of the wise baby and explores the dynamics of ignorance and compensatory ideals of wisdom as reactions to trauma and as manifestations of "double conscience," shame dynamics and Oedipal shame. Focusing on feelings of ignorance, of knowing and not knowing and their relation to trauma, the author elaborates on the dynamics of fantasies of wisdom, adumbrating implications for psychoanalytic technique. PMID:21818096
Kilborne, Benjamin
Dementia-friendly design resource.
Although estimates suggest that, on average, some 30 per cent of all patients in general acute medical wards may have some form of dementia, Stirling University's Dementia Services Development Centre (DSDC), one of the leading international knowledge centres working to improve the lives of dementia sufferers, says progress in designing healthcare facilities that address such patients' needs has been 'patchy at best'. With the number of individuals living with dementia expected to double in the next 25 years, the DSDC has recently worked with Edinburgh-based architects, Burnett Pollock Associates, to develop an online resource that clearly illustrates, via 15 simulated 'dementia-friendly' healthcare 'spaces', some of the key principles to consider when designing effectively for this fast-growing group. HEJ editor, Jonathan Baillie, attended the launch of the so-called 'Virtual Hospital'. PMID:24620491
Baillie, Jonathan
Listening to the Baby: Evaluating a Baby Book Journal for New Parents
Browsing the parenting section of any bookstore reveals a wide variety ofcommercially available baby books. In spite of their popularity, the baby book format has rarely been used to develop materials that support the transition to parenting. This article describes the development of a baby book for this purpose, the phenomenological scholarship and research findings that shaped its design, and
Lee SmithBattle; Shawn Pohlman; Jennifer L. Broeder
A randomised controlled trial of maternal satisfaction with the routine examination of the newborn baby at three months post birth
Objective: to determine whether any differences in maternal satisfaction with the examination of a newborn baby between midwives and junior paediatricians are maintained over a three-month period.Design, setting and participants: randomised controlled trial. Eight hundred and twenty-six mother and baby pairs in a district general hospital in South East England were randomised to a junior paediatrician or a midwife for
Dieter Wolke; Shreya Dav�; Julie Hayes; Joy Townsend; Maggie Tomlin
Hospital Web site 'tops' in Louisiana. Hospital PR, marketing group cites East Jefferson General Hospital.
East Jefferson General Hospital in Metairie, La., launched a new Web site in October 2001. Its user-friendly home page offers links to hospital services, medical staff, and employer information. Its jobline is a powerful tool for recruitment. The site was awarded the 2002 Pelican Award for Best Consumer Web site by the Louisiana Society for Hospital Public Relations & Marketing. PMID:12238238
Rees, Tom
Otitis Media in "Water Babies"
To examine the clinical impression that the incidence of otitis media in infant swimmers (�water babies�) is higher than that in non-swimmers, we reviewed the records and interviewed the parents of 186 children under the age of four and one-half years seen in a suburban family practice. Sixty-five% (46/71) of swimmers as compared to 50% (58/115) of non-swimmers had been diagnosed as having at least one episode of otitis media. Although this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.055), this pilot study encouraged us to pursue further the possible association between otitis media and early-childhood swimming classes.
Watters, W.B.; Evans, C.E.
[Shaken baby syndrome: which lesions in imaging ?].
Non-accidental brain trauma (also called shaken baby syndrome) represent the main cause for morbidity and mortality in the context of child abuse. It often occur in young infants aged less than 8months. The shaking leading to brain injuries are very violent and sometimes associated with a final impact. Intracranial injuries may be isolated without skeletal trauma or bruising. In any suspicion of such a diagnosis, emergency hospitalization is indicated. Brain CT, easy to perform in emergency, is the diagnostic key. It discloses diffuse subdural hematomas in typical sites as vertex, interhemispheric space and tentorium. There is no clear background of trauma and the related story is changing over time. The 3D analysis of the skull looks for signs of recent impact as a fracture that is sometimes complex and/or a soft tissue swelling of the scalp. Intraparenchymal injuries (contusions, tearing, and overall anoxic ischemic injuries) are better analyzed with MRI. The prognosis depends on their extent. Ophtalmologic examination is systematically performed looking for retinal hemorrhages (around one third of cases) which may be very subtle. Bruising is a major diagnostic sign, but inconstantly present. A precise datation of skeletal and/or brain injuries is not possible with imaging and the only indication of use is to establish the presence of "age different lesions". This indicates repeated trauma and thereby a high risk of recurrence. PMID:22884748
Adamsbaum, C; Husson, B
A Friend for Kenny
When I first met Kenny, he was a bright, enthusiastic second grader with a charming smile, quick wit, and artistic bent. Over the course of the next two years, however, nearly everything changed. Homework wasn't turned in. Grades declined. Kenny became argumentative with adults and isolated from classmates he once considered friends. Even his�
Carlson, Beth
Nonverbal Communication in "Friends"
This activity uses video clips from a popular sitcom, "Friends," to help students grasp the relational, rule-governed, and culture-specific nature of nonverbal communication. It opens students' eyes to nonverbal behaviors that are happening on a daily basis so that they not only master the knowledge but are able to apply it. While other popular�
Chang, Yanrong
Friendly Biometric Credentials.
26 Mar 2010, the IPMSCG established a Quick Look Team (QLT) to identify ways DoD could enhance friendly-force identity management (IdM) capabilities with biometrics. IdM issues spans business, warfighter and defense intelligence mission areas. Each commun...
Recommend to a Friend?
New York's Cornell University spends millions of dollars and thousands of staff and volunteer hours to produce more than 1,400 events around the world each year. That's one event every six hours. Is it worth it? Do the 40,000 alumni, parents, and friends who attend feel closer to Cornell after these events? Do they disengage because Cornell didn't�
Cunningham, Jennifer Lynham
Cyber Friendly Fire.
Cyber friendly fire (FF) is a new concept that has been brought to the attention of Department of Defense (DoD) stakeholders through two workshops that were planned and conducted by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and research conducted for AFRL ...
A. D. Roberts F. L. Greitzer T. E. Carroll
Environmentally Friendly Precision Machining
Material removal processing has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally to a certain extent. The demands for environmentally friendly processes impose new parameters such as the use of minimal quantity or even the complete omission of cutting fluids. Therefore, the related processes need to be newly studied in order to be optimized for specific cutting conditions. Cutting fluids are used
J. Kundr�k; A. G. Mamalis; K. Gy�ni; A. Markopoulos
Your Baby's Development: The Third Trimester
... Return to Web version Your Baby's Development: The Third Trimester When is the third trimester? The third and final trimester is week 27 through the ... moving often in the early weeks of the third trimester. Later, as your baby gets larger, you' ...
Baby Foods: Formulations and Interactions (A Review)
Infant foods have a special place among food products mainly because of nutritional aspects and preparations methods. A great increase of baby foods incomes is predicted in near future. Formulation, handling, and storage of baby foods are important to keep nutritional quality and physicochemical properties of these foods. During storage some reactions and interactions occur which change physicochemical and nutritional
Ali Nasirpour; Jo�l Scher; St�phane Desobry
Designer Babies: Eugenics Repackaged or Consumer Options?
"Designer babies" is a term used by journalists and commentators--not by scientists--to describe several different reproductive technologies. These technologies have one thing in common: they give parents more control over what their offspring will be like. Designer babies are made possible by progress in three fields: (1) Advanced Reproductive�
Baird, Stephen L.
Safety evaluation of superabsorbent baby diapers
Superabsorbent disposable baby diapers are sophisticated, well-engineered products that provide many benefits including convenience, comfort, exceptional leakage protection, improved hygiene and skin care benefits compared with cloth diapers. Safety assurance is an integral part of the diaper development process at Procter & Gamble, with the goal of ensuring safety for both caregivers and babies. A systematic, stepwise approach to safety
Kirstin Kosemund; Harald Schlatter; Jennifer L. Ochsenhirt; Edburga L. Krause; Daniel S. Marsman; Geetha N. Erasala
The fertilizer application effect being studied to evaluate the quality, yield and yield components of baby corn was conducted at the TOP\\/AVRDC field of Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng San Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Its purpose was to evaluate the effect of third fertilizer application on yield and third ear yield of baby corn. Application of different chemical fertilizer as basal and
Teen Moms and Babies Benefit from Camping.
Describes nine-day residential camp for Michigan teenage mothers/babies to enhance personal growth and develop responsible social skills. Outlines goals, pre-camp planning, staff, activities, evaluation. Reports 31 teen moms (ages 13-21) and 35 babies attended in 1986. Indicates participants were in therapy, experienced abuse, had low self-esteem,�
Goode, Marsha; Broesamle, Barbara
Pre-Term Babies. Caring About Kids.
One of a series designed to help parents care for their children and themselves by promoting good mental health, this pamphlet provides information about preterm babies. In nine brief sections, readers find various information, including a description of the preterm infant, a discussion of causes of preterm birth and low-weight babies, and a�
Sargent, Marilyn
Asymptomatic bacteriuria in healthy preterm babies
Urine was cultured from 51 healthy preterm babies. If the initial bag specimen grew more than 50 000 organisms\\/ml, a second bag specimen was cultured. After two positive bag specimens a suprapubic urine was cultured. Significant bacteriuria was excluded on the basis of one or two bag specimens in 90% of the babies. Suprapubic urine was sterile in a further
M Moncrieff; M Bamford; J Benson; J Bodden
Postmicturition residual bladder volumes in healthy babies
Thirty eight assessments of postmicturition residual volume were undertaken in 34 babies of various gestational and postnatal ages using abdominal ultrasonography. Twenty one (54%) babies had no detectable residual bladder volume. In all cases manual expression of the bladder failed to eliminate the residual volume. The formula widely used in the estimation of fetal bladder size and urine output is
D S Roberts; B Rendell
Welcoming a New Baby into Your Family
Welcoming a New Baby Into Your Family KidsHealth > Kids > Feelings > My Home & Family > Welcoming a New Baby Into Your Family Print A A A ... Home If you're going to have a new brother or sister, you'll want to know ...
Binocular Fixation in the Newborn Baby
Three experiments are reported in which 15 babies were presented with visual stimuli which varied in shape and distance from the eye. Results indicated that the majority of subjects binocularly fixated all three stimuli and it was concluded that the newborn baby has the basic requirements for binocular vision. (Author/GO)
Slater, Alan M.; Findlay, John M.
Letter from the Friends Chairman
... Tom Harkin of Iowa (left) and FNLM Chairman Paul Rogers converse at a recent Friends function at ... can write us at the address below. Sincerely, Paul G. Rogers Chairman Friends of the National Library ...
Hospital care utilization of infants born after IVF
BACKGROUND: Infants born after IVF are often twins, and singleton IVF babies have an increased risk for preterm birth. Both conditions are likely to increase morbidity. We examined the frequency and duration of hospitalization required by babies born after IVF, and compared this information with all infants born in Sweden during the same time period. METHODS: We used a nationwide
A. Ericson; K. G. Nygren; P. Otterblad Olausson; B. Kallen
The Florida Breastfeeding Promotion Project: A Coalition Effort to Improve Hospital Practices and Policies
The Florida Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies Coalition initiated a breastfeeding promotion project. The Coalition focused on hospital policies because of their impact on breastfeeding success and because of the potential for working with other state efforts directed at pregnant women or new mothers. The Florida Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies Coalition developed a three-part program. It consists of model hospital policies
Sharon Breunig; Carol Brady
Environmental friendly nitrogen fertilization
With the huge intensification of agriculture and the increasing awareness to human health and natural resources sustainability,\\u000a there was a shift towards the development of environmental friendly N application approaches that support sustainable use\\u000a of land and sustain food production.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a The effectiveness of such approaches depends on their ability to synchronize plant nitrogen demand with its supply and the\\u000a ability
Avi Shaviv
Environmentally friendly polysilane photoresists
Several novel polysilanes synthesized by the free-radical hydrosilation of oligomeric polyphenylsilane or poly(p-tert- butylphenylsilane) were examined for lithographic behavior. This recently developed route into substituted polysilanes has allowed for the rational design of a variety of polysilanes with a typical chemical properties such as alcohol and aqueous base solubility. Many of the polysilane resists made could be developed in aqueous sodium carbonate and bicarbonate solutions. These materials represent environmentally friendly polysilane resists in both their synthesis and processing.
Beach, J.V.; Loy, D.A. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Hsiao, Yu-Ling; Waymouth, R.M. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Born too soon: care for the preterm baby.
As part of a supplement entitled �Born Too Soon�, this paper focuses on care of the preterm newborn. An estimated 15 million babies are born preterm, and the survival gap between those born in high and low income countries is widening, with one million deaths a year due to direct complications of preterm birth, and around one million more where preterm birth is a risk factor, especially amongst those who are also growth restricted. Most premature babies (>80%) are between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation, and many die needlessly for lack of simple care. We outline a series of packages of care that build on essential care for every newborn comprising support for immediate and exclusive breastfeeding, thermal care, and hygienic cord and skin care. For babies who do not breathe at birth, rapid neonatal resuscitation is crucial. Extra care for small babies, including Kangaroo Mother Care, and feeding support, can halve mortality in babies weighing <2000 g. Case management of newborns with signs of infection, safe oxygen management and supportive care for those with respiratory complications, and care for those with significant jaundice are all critical, and are especially dependent on competent nursing care. Neonatal intensive care units in high income settings are de-intensifying care, for example increasing use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and this makes comprehensive preterm care more transferable. For health systems in low and middle income settings with increasing facility births, district hospitals are the key frontier for improving obstetric and neonatal care, and some large scale programmes now include specific newborn care strategies. However there are still around 50 million births outside facilities, hence home visits for mothers and newborns, as well as women�s groups are crucial for reaching these families, often the poorest. A fundamental challenge is improving programmatic tracking data for coverage and quality, and measuring disability-free survival. The power of parent�s voices has been important in high-income countries in bringing attention to preterm newborns, but is still missing from the most affected countries. PMID:24625233
Lawn, Joy E; Davidge, Ruth; Paul, Vinod K; von Xylander, Severin; de Graft Johnson, Joseph; Costello, Anthony; Kinney, Mary V; Segre, Joel; Molyneux, Liz
Discussion on design of baby changing station in public place
With the widely using of baby changing station in the public place, its usability is considered greatly important. It is necessary to give convenience in the behavior of nursing for both baby and adult. Through analyzing baby's psychological characteristics in the adult's nursing behavior, the main features of using baby changing station are researched and analyzed. At last some key
Lufang Zhang; Jiansong Luo; Ming Wu
Jupiter - Friend or Foe?
It has long been believed that the planet Jupiter has played a beneficial role in the development of life on the Earth, acting as a shield from objects which would otherwise go on to significantly raise the impact flux experienced by our planet. Without Jupiter, the story goes, the Earth would have experienced a far greater number of impacts, making it far less hospitable to burgeoning life. In an on-going series of separate studies[1,2], we have examined the effects of varying the mass of Jupiter on the impact flux that the Earth would experience from Near-Earth Objects sourced from the Asteroid belt, short-period comets sourced from the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, and long-period comets sourced from the Oort cloud. The results are remarkable - it seems that, far from being a shield, Jupiter actually acts to increase the impact flux experienced by the Earth over that which would be expected without the planet. Still more surprising, in the cases of the asteroids and Edgeworth-Kuiper belt objects, it seems that a Jupiter around 0.2 times the mass of "our Jupiter" would be even more threatening, sending a still greater number of objects our way. In order to simulate such disparate populations, different approaches to population construction were needed. The asteroidal and short-period comet populations each contained 100,000 test particles, moving on orbits typical of their class. The asteroids were initially distributed between 2 and 4 AU, with orbits of varying eccentricity and inclination, with number density varying as a function of semi-major axis. The short-period cometary flux was obtained through simulation of a population based on the subset of known Centaurs and Scattered Disk Objects which are Neptune-crossing, and have perihelia beyond the orbit of Uranus. These objects are the parents of the short-period comets, and were chosen since they are a population beyond the current influence of the planet Jupiter. Since our goal was to study the effect of Jupiter's mass on the impact flux at the Earth from the two populations, we followed our 100,000 particle populations for 10 million years, under the influence of the giant planets. Each particle was followed until it either hit something, or was ejected from the system. In this manner, we were able to follow the flux of objects onto the Earth as a function of time. The simulations were repeated over a wide range of Jupiter masses, with all other variables being held constant, allowing us to observe the variations in impact flux as a function of Jovian mass. In the cases of the asteroids and the short-period comets, Jupiter was observed to significantly modify the impact flux which would be experienced by the planet Earth. It was immediately obvious, however, that the old idea that Jupiter shields us from impacts no longer holds. For both of these populations, the lowest impact rates were experienced when the Jupiter-like planet in the system had the lowest mass, rose rapidly to a peak flux at around 0.2 Jupiter masses, before falling away more slowly. Therefore, for the asteroids and short-period comets, it seems that our Jupiter does offer some shielding, when compared to the case where the planet has a mass of around 0.2 MJ, but, compared to the scenario where no Jupiter is present at all (or the Jupiter in question has very low mass), Jupiter actually acts to increase the Earth-bound flux. Simulations are currently underway with the goal of analysing the effects of Jupiter's mass on the impact flux from the long-period comets (deflected inward towards the Earth from the Oort cloud). Further into the future, we intend to study the effects of Jovian position of the impact flux, with the goal of answering, once and for all, the question - "Jupiter - Friend or Foe?".
Horner, J.; Jones, B. W.
Protect Yourself and Your Baby from Dengue
Avoid mosquito bites during pregnancy to prevent dengue in your newborn baby � Dengue is transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes � A pregnant woman infected with dengue virus may ...
Conservative care of the newborn baby
A method of managing ill and premature babies with little disturbance is described. The results of such care during 1969-76 compare favourably with those achieved by more intensive and active intervention.
Hughes-Davies, T. H.
Baby Boomer Retirement Planning: Whose Responsibility.
Over 75 million baby boomers expect to begin retiring in the next five years. In response to this impending retirement wave, researchers and policymakers have begun sounding the alarm about the inadequacy of traditional retirement income sources--personal...
Having Healthy Babies: The Science Inside
This book summarizes what health professionals know about pregnancy, healthy babies and mothers. Supported byScience Education Partnership Award (SEPA) from the National Center for Research Resources Grant # 5R25RR15601
Healthy People Library Project;
Sports Injury Prevention for Baby Boomers
... Centers Broken Bones & Injuries Diseases & Conditions Arthritis Tumors Sports Injuries & Prevention Children Health & Safety Treatment Treatments & Surgeries ... Resources Copyright 2011 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Sports Injury Prevention for Baby Boomers While there may ...
Your Baby's Development: The First Trimester
... During this stage, the baby is called an embryo. What changes occur during the embryonic stage? During ... parts begin to develop. The cells of the embryo (called embryonic stem cells) multiply and change into ...
Dementia-friendly neighbourhoods.
Six research projects that will improve understanding of dementia are to receive �20 million in funding from the UK government. The projects, which will be overseen by the National Institute for Health Research and the Economic and Social Research Council, include investigations into creating dementia-friendly neighbourhoods; the lifestyle changes that can reduce the risk of developing the condition; training care home staff to support patients who become agitated; improving predictions of the future financial costs of dementia; living well with the condition; and the effects of visual aids on wellbeing and quality of life. PMID:24576246
Duffin, Christian
FriendSensing: recommending friends using mobile phones
Social-networking sites, such as Facebook, require members to manually find and confirm their friends. Finding friends is tedious for some and may be made less so by automating the process. We propose to do so by means of a framework that we call FriendSensing. Using short-range technologies (e.g., Bluetooth) on their mobile phones, social-networking users \\
Daniele Quercia; Licia Capra
BabyBoomWomen@Work2020 is part of a research project at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. The project examines how women born between 1946 and 1964 (i.e., the Baby Boom) see paid work after the age of 65 and the ways in which public policy will affect this aging sector of the female workforce. The site offers information on its ongoing studies as well as a varied collection of links.
Parents' Experiences of Their Premature Infants' Transportation From a University Hospital NICU to the NICU at Two Local Hospitals.
The aim of this study was to describe how the parents of premature infants experience the transportation of their baby from the neonatal intensive care unit at a university hospital (NICU-U) to such a unit at a local hospital (NICU-L). This descriptive qualitative study comprises interviews with nine sets of parents and two mothers. The qualitative content analysis resulted in one theme: living in uncertainty about whether the baby will survive, and three categories: being distanced from the baby; fearing that something would happen to the baby during transportation; and experiencing closeness to the baby. The results also revealed that the parents experienced developmental, situational and health-illness transitions. PMID:24582644
Granrud, Marie Dahlen; Ludvigsen, Elin; Andershed, Birgitta
The ART of marketing babies.
New legislation can be oppressive for a significant population depending upon the politics of its drafters. The current upsurge of the surrogacy trade in India, and the label of a "win-win" situation that it has acquired, points towards an unfettered commercialisation of assisted reproductive technology and the practice of surrogacy that is blinding its middle class users as well as providers, policy makers and law makers, and charging an imagination that is already caught up in spiralling consumerism. This paper analyses the Draft Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill and Rules, 2008, in the Indian socioeconomic context. It identifies the interests of the affected women, and examines the contradictions of the proposed Bill with their interests, as well as with current health and population policies, confining itself to the handling of surrogacy and not the entire content of the Bill. The bases of the analytical perspective used are: the context of poverty and the health needs of the Indian population; the need to locate surrogacy services within the overall public health service context and its epidemiological basis; the need to restrain direct human experimentation for the advancement of any technology; the use of safer methods; and, finally, the rights of surrogate mothers and their babies, in India, as opposed to the compulsion or dynamics of the medical market and reproductive tourism. PMID:22106569
Qadeer, Imrana
[Long-term prognosis of former very and extremely preterm babies in adulthood in Germany].
Previous studies about the prognosis of former very and extremely small preterm babies (birthweight <1500 g, gestational age <32 weeks) in Germany only reached till puberty. Well known are significant increases of cognitive deficits, cerebral palsy and sensory impairments in correlation with gestational age and compared with term newborns. After a pilot project at the Children's University Hospital in Wuerzburg we collected the data of 291 people from 10 different children's Hospitals in Germany who were born between Jan 1st 1979 and Dec 31st 1986. We could recognize a clear increase of surviving babies after 1982. 50 (17%) of them had a birth weight under 1000 g. 27% finished school with the highest grade ("Abitur"), 37% with a high school degree and 22% with a normal degree. Most of them are still in an occupational training. 22% referred about chronic bronchitis, 54% need spectacles, 19% have regular physiotherapy. By a questionnaire about the quality of life (KIDDO KINDL) we recorded criteria in the fields of physical and psychological wellness and the all day functioning which were without significant differences to a normal cohort. In addition there was no difference in the quality of life criteria between former preterm babies born in West-Germany and those born in East-German hospitals. Further analyses of these results are necessary. In conclusion we could find that quality of life in those former very preterm babies in Germany who are now in adulthood and took part in our study is not significantly worse in comparison with people without any risk factors in the perinatal period. For more exact analysis of many influencing factors on the long term prognosis of former very preterm babies a national multicenter study is absolutely necessary, especially for preterms under 1000 g birthweight. PMID:17710736
Strassburg, H M; Leimer, S; Platz, A; Thomas, W
Network-Friendly Gossiping
The emergence of large-scale distributed applications based on many-to-many communication models, e.g., broadcast and decentralized group communication, has an important impact on the underlying layers, notably the Internet routing infrastructure. To make an effective use of network resources, protocols should both limit the stress (amount of messages) on each infrastructure entity like routers and links, and balance as much as possible the load in the network. Most protocols use application-level metrics such as delays to improve efficiency of content dissemination or routing, but the extend to which such application-centric optimizations help reduce and balance the load imposed to the infrastructure is unclear. In this paper, we elaborate on the design of such network-friendly protocols and associated metrics. More specifically, we investigate random-based gossip dissemination. We propose and evaluate different ways of making this representative protocol network-friendly while keeping its desirable properties (robustness and low delays). Simulations of the proposed methods using synthetic and real network topologies convey and compare their abilities to reduce and balance the load while keeping good performance.
Serbu, Sabina; Rivi�re, �tienne; Felber, Pascal
[They all have a look at me in a friendly way: relationships between patients and nurses in the hospital of Saarbruck in the middle of the 19th century].
In the course of the nineteenth century, Saarbruck developed from a small provincial town to the centre of a large region rapidly becoming industrialised. The traditional civil hospital underwent a fundamental change: from a residence for the old, the poor, and the neglected it became a modern hospital intended to restore health and fitness to the growing number of young working people in the region. To help the hospital meet its new aims, Reverend Fliedner of the Protestant Deaconesses' Institution in Kaiserswerth on the Rhine sent two young deaconesses to the hospital in Saarbruck. Expecting to work as a nurse and housekeeper, the two inexperienced and under-trained women were virtually overwhelmed by what they encountered. Their work required very hard physical work, with very little or no assistance. This study is based on the series of letters of appeal the deaconesses sent to Kaiserswerth, which depict in great detail the conditions of the hospital during the transition period. Different groups of inmates can be distinguished: old and poor patients representing hospital's traditional function; journeymen and domestic servants who are far from home and no longer under their employers' care, and miners with rather severe injuries. Miners constitute the prototype of the new industrial working class, as the mining industry was by far the most important sector of the developing economy. All groups benefited from the deaconesses' zeal to establish new standards of cleanliness and nutrition, not to mention the beginning of professional medical care. On the other hand, they have to submit to middle class expectations and behaviour. For instance, heman miners were expected to follow orders from female nurses, and domestic servants afflicted with scabies or venereal disease were expected to adopt new standards of moral and orderly demeanour. Resistance was mainly passive, consisting of paying lip service to the rules, taking small liberties, and reverting to the old style after dismissal. Conflicts arose only in certain situations injured Catholic miners, or when patients clung obstinately to their liquor. On the whole, the hospital functioned quite smoothly, at least after the initial difficulties were overcome and the deaconesses gained experience and self-confidence. PMID:13677351
Klein, Walter
[Blueberry muffin baby. A rare presentation of congenital cytomegalovirus infection].
The 'blueberry muffin baby' designation was used to describe the cutaneous manifestations of congenital rubella. The differential diagnosis includes other TORCH infections, blood dyscrasias, neoplasms, or vascular disorders. We present a case of a newborn admitted at birth for presenting disseminated violaceous cutaneous nodules. Pregnancy was full term and without infectious complications, with prenatal diagnosis of restrictive intrauterine growth, hydramnios and suspected esophageal atresia. Maternal serology with no evidence of infection. The newborn blood study showed thrombocytopenia, direct hyperbilirubinemia, elevated transaminases and coagulopathy. During hospitalization he showed progressive hepatosplenomegaly. Skin biopsy showed extramedullary erythropoiesis. Myelogram revealed absence of megakaryocytic line precursors. The molecular analysis for cytomegalovirus in peripheral blood and bone marrow was positive. Cerebral ultrasound examination revealed bilateral calcifications and periventricular hyperechogenicity. The placental anatomopathological exam showed features suggestive of cytomegalovirus infection. On the fifth day of life was initiated ganciclovir. This case presentation is intended to emphasize that although it is a rare manifestation, congenital cytomegalovirus infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of 'blueberry muffin baby'. PMID:22856417
Martins, Sofia; Rocha, Gustavo; Silva, Goretti; Calistru, Ana; Pissarra, Susana; Guimar�es, Herc�lia
The Friend of Man
There are many ways to understand the anti-slavery movements in the United States during the 19th century, and newspapers are but one of the key primary document types used by historians. Cornell University is fortunate enough to have a near complete run of the "Friend of Man" newspaper, which was published between 1836 and 1842. This very intriguing title allows curious visitors to learn about a group of people in central New York interested in "changing America" during this unique period. The paper documents the "regional interconnectedness of reform" throughout the region, with a focus on cities such as Utica, Rochester, Buffalo, Albany and New York City. Visitors to the site can browse through the various issues at their leisure and they can also perform a full-text search.
Advanced Environment Friendly Nanotechnologies
The economic, security, military and environmental implications of molecular manufacturing are extreme. Unfortunately, conflicting definitions of nanotechnology and blurry distinctions between significantly different fields have complicated the effort to understand those differences and to develop sensible, effective policy for each. The risks of today's nanoscale technologies cannot be treated the same as the risks of longer-term molecular manufacturing. It is a mistake to put them together in one basket for policy consideration � each is important to address, but they offer different problems and will require far different solutions. As used today, the term nanotechnology usually refers to a broad collection of mostly disconnected fields. Essentially, anything sufficiently small and interesting can be called nanotechnology. Much of it is harmless. For the rest, much of the harm is of familiar and limited quality. Molecular manufacturing, by contrast, will bring unfamiliar risks and new classes of problems. The advanced environment friendly nanotechnologies elaborated by Israel Company Polymate Ltd. � International Research Center are illustrated.
Figovsky, O.; Beilin, D.; Blank, N.
Understanding Friendship between Critical Friends
This conceptual article discusses the issue of friendship implied by the term "critical friends". Our argument relates to the generalized use of the term "friendship" and the assumptions that it may carry compared with the actuality of the roles played by critical friends. We attempt to build a more precise definition of friendship which we�
Gibbs, Paul; Angelides, Panayiotis
How Post-Traumatic Stress Affects Mothers' Perceptions of Their Babies: A Brief Video Feedback Intervention Makes a Difference
This article summarizes the scant existing research on the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on mothers and their babies during the peripartum period and describes a pilot research project within the Infant-Family Service (IFS) at the New York-Presbyterian Hospital, an outpatient mental health service for inner-city families with�
Schechter, Daniel S.
Babies behind bars; an Irish perspective.
In the Irish Prison service prison is not deemed suitable for babes. Rarely are mothers separated from their children in Ireland as they get temporary release renewed weekly to keep her at home with her baby. The governor explained the system of the prison which I detail below. The women's prison is now known as the Dochas Centre meaning hope, named so by the women themselves. We found that 14 babies lived in the centre with their mothers in the last 4 years. Their length of stay ranged from 2 days to 3 months. Of the 14 babies in prison, five were born to women who were pregnant on admission and the other nine brought their babies with them. Six women are separated from their children, in total 24, due to her incarceration. The implications are that a formal system is needed to plan the baby's admission, stay and discharge with formal links with HSE health and child protection systems where necessary. The HSE and the Irish prison's service are looking at further amalgamation or integration of health care into the prison system. PMID:17380921
Enright, F; Boyle, T; Murphy, J
America's baby boom generation: the fateful bulge.
From 1955-64 nearly 42 million births occurred in the U.S., an unprecedented expansion. The roots of the baby boom lie in the universal rush to early marriage and favorable economic climate for the relatively scarce young men born of the Depression cohort. The impact of the boom interrupted a century-long fertility decline. Pro-marriage, pronatalist norms were revived by the Depression cohort who formed families of at least 2 children or more. During the 1960-70's schools, colleges, and universities were built to accomodate the boom and are now excessive for the baby bust cohort. Unemployment and crime rates rose and fell with the passing of the boom babies through late adolescence and early adulthood. In the 1980's, boom babies will be aged 20-30. Demands for housing will be high. Annual birth numbers will increase even if the rate of childbearing hovers below replacement level at about 1.8 per woman. Per capita earnings and overall labor productivity should improve as the boom baby cohort reaches middle age in the 1990s. However, chances for advancement will be fewer. As the cohort reaches retirement age, the over 65 population will double from 31 million in 2000 to almost 60 million in 2030. Although the burden will be somewhat offset by reduced proportions of under 18-year-olds, the ratio of active workers paying Social Security will fall drastically. PMID:12309851
Bouvier, L F
Towards automatic recommendation of friend lists
Facebook access-control lists, called friend lists, are difficult to create manually. Previous work on automating these lists has used friend details entered by the user. Our approach automates them by merging virtual friend cliques using certain heuristics that determine if two virtual friend cliques correspond to a single actual friend clique. A small user study found that our lists were
Kelli Bacon; Prasun Dewan
Follow up of premature babies treated with artificial surfactant (ALEC).
Of 235 survivors who had taken part in a randomised trial of artificial surfactant and who were born in Cambridge, follow up information was available for 231 (98%) infants. In 12 cases information came from local doctors; all others were assessed at 9 and 18 months (n = 212) or 9 months only (n = 7). There was no difference between those who had been treated with surfactant and control babies in the incidence of neurological impairment, mental impairment, respiratory infections, allergies, or hospital admissions up to 18 months after full term. In those born before 30 weeks' gestation (where surfactant most improves survival) the number of surviving randomised children who were normal was 35 of 61 in the treated group (57%) compared with 25 of 61 in the control group (41%). Improved neonatal survival after prophylactic surfactant treatment is not associated with an increased incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment.
Morley, C J; Morley, R
Risk Assessment of Baby Powder Exposure through Inhalation
This study was conducted to assess the exposure risk through inhalation to baby powder for babies and adults under simulated conditions. Baby powder was applied to a baby doll and the amount of baby powder consumed per application was estimated. The airborne exposure to baby powder during application was then evaluated by sampling the airborne baby powder near the breathing zones of both the baby doll and the person applying the powder (the applicator). The average amount of baby powder consumed was 100 mg/application, and the average exposure concentration of airborne baby powder for the applicator and baby doll was 0.00527 mg/m3 (range 0.00157~0.01579 mg/m3) and 0.02207 mg/m3 (range 0.00780~ 0.04173 mg/m3), respectively. When compared with the Occupational Exposure Limit of 2 mg/m3 set by the Korean Ministry of Labor and the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 2 mg/m3 set by the ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists), the exposure concentrations were much lower. Next, the exposure to asbestos-containing baby powder was estimated and the exposure risk was assessed based on the lung asbestos contents in normal humans. As a result, the estimated lung asbestos content resulting from exposure to asbestos-containing baby powder was found to be much lower than that of a normal Korean with no asbestos-related occupational history.
Moon, Min Chaul; Park, Jung Duck; Choi, Byung Soon; Park, So Young; Kim, Dong Won; Chung, Yong Hyun; Hisanaga, Naomi
Hospital waste disposal by incineration.
Hospital waste is becoming increasingly complex due to changing technologies and increase in the services that the hospitals perform for the community. Out of the available technology for the final disposal of solid wastes, incineration is best suited for hospital waste as it renders the waste nontoxic, non hazardous, non putrescible and reduces the volume of material for ultimate disposal. Present study was carried out in a service hospital to analyze the requirement of incinerator considering the state of art available in this country. Multi chambered oil fired incinerator installation as an on site facility for hospital solid waste disposal has been recommended as more environment. friendly option. PMID:10537997
Rao, S K; Garg, R K
Field Friendly Tuberculosis Biosensor
Tuberculosis (TB) is a fading threat in the United States, but in the developing world it is still a major health-care concern. Given the rising number of cases and lack of resources, there is a desperate need for an affordable, portable detection system. We are working towards the development of a field-friendly immunological biosensor that utilizes florescence microscopy to undertake this task. We observe fluorescently labeled antibodies/antigens as they bind to a glass slide treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to inhibit non-specific adsorption. Antibodies against the antigens of interest are bound to the PEGylated glass slides via biotin-streptavidin interactions. Then, fluorescently labeled antibodies are mixed with different concentrations of TB antigens and this solution is incubated on the treated glass slides for 30 minutes. The slides are thoroughly rinsed with water following the incubation period. The antigens are then detected by fluorescence using a low-cost biosensor. Our system includes a ``supermarket-scanner'' HeNe laser, home-built electronics, off-the-shelf optics and a Si photodiode. Work is underway to incorporate a flow-cell into the system, in a small portable box.
Proper, N.; Scherman, M. S.; Jevsevar, K. L.; Stone, J.; McNeil, M. R.; Krapf, D.
Friends of science
Ten members of Congress have been presented with the Friends of Science Award by the National Coalition for Science and Technology (NCST). The awards, honoring significant contributions to science, engineering, and science education, are made every 2 years at the end of the congressional session. The recipients this year are Sen. Pete V. Domenici (R-N.M.), Rep. Joseph D. Early (D-Mass.), Rep. Bill Frenzel (R-Minn.), Rep. Albert Gore, Jr. (D-Tenn.), Rep. Judd Gregg (R-N.H.), Sen. Daniel K. Inouye (D-Hawaii), Rep. Stan Lundine (D-N.Y.), Sen. Sam Nunn (D-Ga.), Rep. Henry Waxman (D-Calif.), and Rep. Ed Zschau (R-Calif).Except for Sen. Inouye, whose term expires in 1986, all of this year's recipients were up for reelection in the national elections held November 6. All were successful in securing another term in Congress. In addition, Albert Gore was successful in his bid for a Senate seat, filling the vacancy left by the retiring Senate Majority Leader Howard H. Baker (R-Tenn.)
By 9 Months, Baby's Visual Learning Kicks In: Study
Risk of Human Salmonella Infections from Live Baby Poultry
... this? Submit Button CDC Features Risk of Human Salmonella Infections from Live Baby Poultry Share Compartir Risk ... messages, and helpful resources. How do people get Salmonella infections from live baby poultry? Live poultry may ...
A Newborn Baby Care Support App and System for mHealth
This study was to develop a usability-engineered mhealth application for a mother with new-born baby and to evaluate its acceptance. Baby�s Health Handbook and hospital consultation service records were analyzed to design the contents of app. Special interface design principles were used for enhancing usability. App data were transmitted to an Excel-based server for management. Systems were evaluated in a 800-bed medical center in Taiwan with a questionnaire designed based on the Technology Acceptance Model for Mobile Service. 64 post-partum women were invited to use and evaluate the system and services at the next day after babies were delivered. The evaluation results indicated an overall satisfying perception with an average of 3.98(SD=0.71). The subjects perceived the system meeting their expectations, needs and the majority were willing to pay for service up to $6 per month. The mhealth appears having a great potential as an important health service model.
Kuo, Ming-Chuan; Lu, Yen-Chiao; Chang, Polun
Attitudes to and use of baby walkers in Dublin
OBJECTIVES: To identify the rate of baby walker use, parental attitudes, and associated injuries. DESIGN: Parents of babies attending clinics for developmental assessment were surveyed by self administered questionnaire about their use, attitudes, and history of injuries associated with walkers. SETTING: Dublin, Ireland. SUBJECTS: Parents of 158 babies. RESULTS: Fifty five per cent of the sample used a walker. The
M. Laffoy; P. Fitzpatrick; M. Jordan; D. Dowdall
Shaken Baby Syndrome: What Caregivers Need To Know.
Discusses the causes of shaken baby syndrome and how to recognize, respond to, and prevent it. Identifies horseplay to avoid and recommends never shaking baby even for apnea. Offers 12 tips for working with crying babies and includes ten discussion questions to test knowledge of the syndrome. (DLH)
Wiggins, Paula
Portrait of Promise: Preventing Shaken Baby Syndrome. [Videotape.
Shaken baby syndrome describes the serious injuries that can occur when a very young child is severely or violently shaken, causing the brain to move back and forth inside the skull. The syndrome usually originates when a parent or other caregiver shakes a baby out of anger or frustration, often because the baby would not stop crying or�
Junior League of St. Paul, MN.
Working to improve survival and health for babies born very preterm: the WISH project protocol
Background Babies born very preterm (before 30 weeks gestation) are at high risk of dying in their first weeks of life, and those who survive are at risk of developing cerebral palsy in childhood. Recent high-quality evidence has shown that giving women magnesium sulphate immediately prior to very early birth can significantly increase the chances of their babies surviving free of cerebral palsy. In 2010 Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidelines recommended this therapy. The WISH (Working to Improve Survival and Health for babies born very preterm) Project aims to bi-nationally improve and monitor the use of this therapy to reduce the risk of very preterm babies dying or having cerebral palsy. Methods/Design The WISH Project is a prospective cohort study. The 25 Australian and New Zealand tertiary level maternity hospitals will be provided with a package of active implementation strategies to guide the introduction and local adaptation of guideline recommendations. Surveys will be conducted at individual hospitals to evaluate outcomes related to local implementation progress and the use and value of the WISH implementation strategies. For the hospitals participating in the �WISH audit of uptake and health outcomes data collection�, the primary health outcomes (assessed through case note review, and 24 month corrected age questionnaires) will be: the proportion of eligible women receiving antenatal magnesium sulphate; and rates of death prior to primary hospital discharge and cerebral palsy at two years corrected age in infants born to eligible mothers. For hospitals wishing to assess factors influencing translation locally, barriers and facilitators will be measured through interviews with health care professionals, to further guide implementation strategies. Study outcomes for the early phase of the project (Year 1) will be compared with the later intervention phase (Years 2 and 3). Discussion The WISH Project will offer insight into the effectiveness of a multifaceted implementation strategy to improve the uptake of a novel neuroprotective therapy in obstetric clinical practice. The successful implementation of antenatal magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection in Australia and New Zealand could lead to over 90 fewer very preterm babies dying or suffering the long-term consequences of cerebral palsy each year.
Your Baby: Protecting Your Baby from Hepatitis B (VHS 1/2 inch) (Video).
The video tells prospective parents how to protect a newborn from hepatitis B and whether the baby's mother is infected or not. It also discusses prenatal screening of mother and immunization of infant.
Healthy Family 2009: Bringing in Baby
... Bar Home Current Issue Past Issues Healthy Family 2009 Bringing in Baby Past Issues / Winter 2009 Table of Contents For an enhanced version of ... for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Winter 2009 Issue: Volume 4 Number 1 Pages 3 - 4
Shaken Baby Syndrome: actual innocence petition
In this hypothetical case the state's entire prosecution rested on the Rule 702, R. Evd. Medical Testimony that the head injury was caused by SBS (Shaken Baby Syndrome), a biomechanical hypothesis for explaining head injuries. Although this alleged event was not witnessed by anyone, the state posited this hypothesis as the only explanation for the injuries. The rule 702 experts
Kent R. Holcomb
Social Early Stimulation of Trisomy-21 Babies
This study was initiated with twenty Down's syndrome babies to verify whether subjects undergoing social early stimulation would benefit from this type of treatment. An experimental study was designed with two training groups: visual or written instructions. The analyses of the results established statistically significant differences in the�
Aparicio, Maria Teresa Sanz; Balana, Javier Menendez
Semicarbazide in baby food: a European survey
The concentration of semicarbazide (SEM) in baby food packed in glass jars with lids sealed with plastic gaskets was determined in more than 100 samples, produced in 11 European countries, and purchased at local supermarkets in 14 countries. The method used for the analyses has been recently validated in a collaborative study. A correlation between the measured SEM concentration and
Szilard Szilagyi; Maria Beatriz de la Calle
Baby universes in 4D dynamical triangulation
We measure numerically the distribution of baby universes in the crumpled phase of the dynamical triangulation model of 4D quantum gravity. The relevance of the results to the issue of an exponential bound is discussed. The data are consistent with the existence of such a bound.
Catterall, S.; Kogut, J.; Renken, R.; Thorleifsson, G.
Back to School for Retired Baby Boomers
Across the nation, schools increasingly are tapping into a vast resource pool--retired educators. The potential effects of the retirement boom--baby boomers reaching retirement age--have been well documented. An April 2009 "New York Times" article estimates that by 2013, more than one-third of the nation's 3.2 million teachers could retire. One�
Bumgardner, Stan
Evaluation of products for treating babies' napkins.
A test is described for assessing the sanitizing effect of napkin treatment products on naturally urine-wetted and faecally-contaminated napkins. This test defines in-use conditions which closely resemble typical domestic situations. One napkin treatment product ('Napisan'), tested at two different concentrations and with challenges of different numbers of babies' napkins, performed satisfactorily under the conditions used.
Gaya, H.; Thirlwall, J.; Shaw, E. J.; Hassam, Z.
Born Too Soon: Care for the preterm baby
As part of a supplement entitled "Born Too Soon", this paper focuses on care of the preterm newborn. An estimated 15 million babies are born preterm, and the survival gap between those born in high and low income countries is widening, with one million deaths a year due to direct complications of preterm birth, and around one million more where preterm birth is a risk factor, especially amongst those who are also growth restricted. Most premature babies (>80%) are between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation, and many die needlessly for lack of simple care. We outline a series of packages of care that build on essential care for every newborn comprising support for immediate and exclusive breastfeeding, thermal care, and hygienic cord and skin care. For babies who do not breathe at birth, rapid neonatal resuscitation is crucial. Extra care for small babies, including Kangaroo Mother Care, and feeding support, can halve mortality in babies weighing <2000 g. Case management of newborns with signs of infection, safe oxygen management and supportive care for those with respiratory complications, and care for those with significant jaundice are all critical, and are especially dependent on competent nursing care. Neonatal intensive care units in high income settings are de-intensifying care, for example increasing use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and this makes comprehensive preterm care more transferable. For health systems in low and middle income settings with increasing facility births, district hospitals are the key frontier for improving obstetric and neonatal care, and some large scale programmes now include specific newborn care strategies. However there are still around 50 million births outside facilities, hence home visits for mothers and newborns, as well as women's groups are crucial for reaching these families, often the poorest. A fundamental challenge is improving programmatic tracking data for coverage and quality, and measuring disability-free survival. The power of parent's voices has been important in high-income countries in bringing attention to preterm newborns, but is still missing from the most affected countries. Declaration This article is part of a supplement jointly funded by Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives programme through a grant from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and March of Dimes Foundation and published in collaboration with the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and the World Health Organization (WHO). The original article was published in PDF format in the WHO Report "Born Too Soon: the global action report on preterm birth" (ISBN 978 92 4 150343 30), which involved collaboration from more than 50 organizations. The article has been reformatted for journal publication and has undergone peer review according to Reproductive Health's standard process for supplements and may feature some variations in content when compared to the original report. This co-publication makes the article available to the community in a full-text format.
Using 'cling film' to protect lower limb plaster casts in babies with club foot.
Clubfoot or congenital talipes equinovarus is a common condition affecting babies and non-surgical treatment involves serial manipulation and plaster casting for many weeks. The casts are susceptible to soiling during this time, which makes management and child care even more challenging. The authors report initial experience in a typical district general hospital clubfoot clinic where the parents of a baby used conventional cling film to cover the casts and provide a low-cost, effective and well-tolerated method of protection. Informal reports received from these parents were very positive and encouraging throughout the duration of treatment. The authors believe parents with babies undergoing such treatment for clubfoot could be advised of the benefits of using cling film to protect plaster casts. More formal analysis of feedback from parents and collaborative experience with other hospitals is required before widespread use is recommended. There may also be scope for using cling film to protect lower limb casts used in managing developmental dysplasia of the hip or fractures in children and potentially adults. PMID:18073686
Patel, Nirav K; Jeer, P J S; Cornell, Mark S
Current pattern of Ponderal Indices of term small-for-gestational age in a population of Nigerian babies
Background Small-for-gestational age (SGA) newborns constitute a special group of neonates who may have suffered varying degrees of intrauterine insults and deprivation. Variations in birth weight, length and Ponderal Index (PI) depend on the type and degree of intrauterine insults the babies were exposed to. The objective of the study was to determine the current prevalence of term SGA births in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital and the current pattern of Ponderal Indices among term SGA in a population of Nigerian babies. Methods Subjects comprised of consecutive term singleton mother-baby pairs in the first 24�hours of life. It was a cross sectional study. The anthropometric parameters of each baby were recorded and the PI was also determined. Results Out of 1,052 live births during the study period (September to December, 2009), 825 were term, singleton babies. Five hundred and eight-one babies (70.4%) fall into the upper socio-economic classes 1 and II, 193 (23.4%) in the middle class and 51 (6.2%) were of the lower classes IV and V. None of the mothers indicated ingestion of alcohol or smoking of cigarette. Fifty-nine babies (7.2%) were small-for gestational age (SGA). Of the 59 SGA subjects, 26 (44.1%) were symmetrical SGA while 33 (55.9%) were asymmetrical SGA. There was no significant sex or socioeconomic predilection for either symmetrical or asymmetrical growth (p?=?0.59, 0.73 respectively). Conclusion The findings showed that proportionality in SGA fetuses is a continuum, with the PI depending on the duration of intrauterine insult and the extent of its effects on weight and length before delivery.
Water loss from the skin of term and preterm babies.
Water loss from the skin of term and preterm babies, nursed naked in incubators under neutral thermal conditions, was measured by a method based on estimating the water vapour pressure gradient close to the skin surface. 199 sets of measurements were made on 78 babies whose gestational ages ranged from 26 to 41 weeks, during the first 4 weeks of life. Babies of 34 to 41 weeks' gestation had high water losses in the first 4 hours after birth, which then fell to low levels averaging 6 g/m2 per hour. Babies of 30 to 33 weeks' gestation had high water losses in the first week which then fell to levels similar to those of mature babies. Babies less than 30 weeks' gestation had strikingly high losses, averaging 32 g/m2 per hour in the first 4 days of life. At 2 weeks, levels were still higher than those of mature babies. Light-for-dates babies had skin water losses appropriate for their gestations. The high water losses in extremely preterm babies are probably transepidermal and the result of a thin, poorly keratinised stratum corneum. Water loss from the palms and soles was high in term babies and although low in preterm babies it rose steadily in the first 4 weeks of life. This is thought to represent the onset of emotional sweating. In terms of actual heat and water lost, skin water loss is relatively unimportant in term babies nursed naked under neutral thermal conditions. However, in babies less than 30 weeks' gestation, weighing less than 1 kg, skin water loss makes a major contribution to overall water balance. Furthermore, evaporative heat loss from the skin may exceed resting heat production. It is suggested that reduction of skin water loss in these babies may increase their chances of survival and their rates of growth.
Rutter, N; Hull, D
Maternal Intake of Natto, a Japan's Traditional Fermented Soybean Food, during Pregnancy and the Risk of Eczema in Japanese Babies.
Background: There are reports that the maternal diet during pregnancy may affect development of babies' eczema. We sought to investigate the association between the maternal diet during pregnancy and the risk of eczema in infancy in Japan. Methods: A birth cohort was set up at 2 hospitals in Chiba city. Dietary habits concerning fish, butter, margarine, yogurt and natto during pregnancy was obtained from mothers just after delivery. The intake frequencies of these foods were classified into four groups: 1) daily, 2) 2-3 times a week, 3) once a week and 4) once a month or less. Diagnosis of eczema at 6 months of age was made by the presence of an itchy rash that persisted more than two months. Results: Valid data on 650 mother-baby pairs were obtained. No relationship between frequencies of the maternal intake of fish, margarine and yogurt during pregnancy and the onset rate of the babies' eczema were observed. For butter consumption, the incidence of babies' eczema was significantly higher in the group with daily intake than in those with an intake 2-3 times a week or less (p = 0.044). For natto, incidence of babies' eczema was significantly lower in the group with everyday intake than those eating it 2-3 times a week or less (p = 0.020). Conclusions: High frequency intake of natto during pregnancy possibly reduces the incidence of eczema in children at 6 months of age. PMID:24759553
Ozawa, Naoko; Shimojo, Naoki; Suzuki, Yoichi; Ochiai, Shingo; Nakano, Taiji; Morita, Yoshinori; Inoue, Yuzaburo; Arima, Takayasu; Suzuki, Shuichi; Kohno, Yoichi
The antiabortion movement and Baby Jane Doe.
In the early 1980s, the leadership of the antiabortion movement became involved in a campaign to establish legal rights to extraordinary medical care for seriously handicapped newborns. Armed with political contacts in the Reagan administration and Congress, and allied with advocates for the disabled, the antiabortion movement searched for a test case to guide through the courts. Antiabortion advocate Lawrence Washburn found such a case in Baby Jane Doe, who was being treated at Stony Brook Medical Center. The movement went on to amend the Child Abuse Act to include protections for handicapped newborns. Activists in the movement chose the issue of Baby Jane Doe because they believed it would attract welcome publicity, give them the appearance of supporting civil rights, and enhance their argument as to the legal rights of the fetus and thus strengthen the case against abortion. The movement was partially successful in obtaining its goals. PMID:3745839
Paige, C; Karnofsky, E B
Shaken-Baby-Syndrom � Pr�vention, aber wie?
Das Shaken-Baby-Syndrom (Sch�tteltrauma, SBS) geh�rt zu der Gruppe der auf Kindesmisshandlung zur�ckzuf�hrenden Kopfverletzungen.\\u000a Der h�ufigste Ausl�ser f�r diese Form der Kindesmisshandlung ist lang anhaltendes und unstillbares Schreien eines S�uglings,\\u000a das zu einem Kontrollverlust der Betreuungsperson und zum Sch�tteln des Kindes im Affekt f�hren kann (Barr et al., 2006; Reijneveld et al., 2004). Die Lebensphase vom 2. bis 5. Lebensmonat, in
Silke Kramer
Pulse oximetry interference in bronze baby syndrome
A case of a neonate with Rhesus hemolytic disease of the newborn who went on to develop bronze baby syndrome (BBS) is reported. During his admission, inconsistencies between pulse oximetry saturations (SpO2) and his arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) measurements raised the suspicion of interference with our SpO2 monitoring. Although bilirubin has been heavily investigated with respect to SpO2
S A Hussain
Preparing kids for the new baby.
Sibling prenatal classes are a natural extension of nursing's interest and expertise in childbirth preparation for expectant couples. From parents' perspective, these classes have the potential to decrease sibling rivalry and facilitate parental coping with older children's concerns about a new baby. From a nurse educator's perspective, sibling prenatal classes offer a rich learning experience for students by providing an opportunity to integrate knowledge about pregnancy and birth with communication skills and child development knowledge. PMID:9633319
Storr, G B; Robinson, P
Misshapen Heads in Babies: Position or Pathology?
A newborn's skull is highly malleable and rapidly expanding. As a result, any restrictive or constrictive forces applied to a baby's head can result in dramatic distortions. These changes can be mild, reversible deformations or severe, irreversible malformations that can result in brain injury. This paper reviews the anatomy and physiology of normal and abnormal brain and skull growth, the etiology of cranial deformation, the types of craniosynostosis most commonly seen in infants, and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Bronfin, Daniel R.
Neural activation to babyfaced men matches activation to babies
Behavioral data supports the commonsense view that babies elicit different responses than adults do. Behavioral research also has supported the babyface overgeneralization hypothesis that the adaptive value of responding appropriately to babies produces a tendency for these responses to be over-generalized to adults whose facial structure resembles babies. Here we show a neural substrate for responses to babies and babyface overgeneralization in the amygdala and the fusiform face area (FFA). Both regions showed greater percentage BOLD signal change compared with fixation when viewing faces of babies or babyfaced men than maturefaced men. Viewing the first two categories also yielded greater effective connectivity between the two regions. Facial qualities previously shown to elicit strong neural activation could not account for the effects. Babyfaced men were distinguished only by their resemblance to babies. The preparedness to respond to infantile facial qualities generalizes to babyfaced men in perceivers� neural responses just as it does in their behavioral reactions.
Zebrowitz, Leslie A.; Luevano, Victor X.; Bronstad, Philip M.; Aharon, Itzhak
Free Our Friends in Learning
Many secrets can be told by the physical surroundings of library media centers. Whether the center is kid-friendly is one of the first obvious tell-tale signs. When a library center has Arthur & D.W., Clifford, Pooh & Eeyore, shells, special rocks, etc. hidden by the circulation center or in the back in boxes, it's time to revolt. The movie Free�
Stidham, Sue
Towards Friendly Concept-Learners
We give a general overview of CUNT, a user- friendly interactive concept-learner, which can be used as a module for Learning Apprentice Sys� tems. CLINT combines several interesting fea� tures : it uses domain-knowledge, generates examples, copes with indirect relevance, shifts its bias, recovers from errors and identifies con� cepts in the limit.
Luc De Raedt; Maurice Bruynooghe
Sleep cycle studies in babies of undernourished mothers
Polygraphic sleep cycle studies--comprising simultaneous recording of electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electro-oculogram (ECOG), phasic body activity and respiration--were performed on 19 term newborn babies born to severely undernourished mothers, and results compared with 19 healthy newborn babies. The sleep cycle in babies of undernourished mothers showed disorganisation during active rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and quiet nonrapid eye movement (NREM)
V P Bhatia; G P Katiyar; K N Agarwal; T K Das; P K Dey
What midwives need to know about baby massage.
Baby massage has become increasingly popular in the West among parents and healthcare practitioners alike, with numerous studies continuing to hail the benefits of taking time to massage and bond with your baby. Newborn and infant massage is of particular interest to midwives in their primary role, helping families to bond and heal the pain of traumatic births, but now many midwives are offering baby massage sessions privately in their spare time also. Here's the low down. PMID:23082398
MacDonald, Cheryl
Friends of the National Library of Medicine
... Current Issue Past Issues Friends of the National Library of Medicine Past Issues / Summer 2006 Table of ... Paul G. Rogers Chairman, Friends of the National Library of Medicine and former member of the U.S. ...
Helping Family and Friends Understand Alzheimer's Disease
Helping Family and Friends Understand Alzheimer�s Disease Alzheimer�s Caregiving Tips When you learn that someone has Alzheimer�s disease, you may wonder when and how to tell your family and friends. You ...
Analysis of causes that led to subdural bleeding, skull and rib fractures, and death in the case of baby Averial Buie
A female infant from Texas stopped breathing and her mother took her to the hospital. Blood analysis revealed the baby suffered from severe metabolic and respiratory acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, and lymphocytosis. A chest X-ray showed evidence of pneumonitis. Physical ex- amination revealed no evidence of injury caused by trauma. She was treated with epinephrine, sodium bicarbonate, antibiotic, and other medications.
Mohammed Ali Al-Bayati
Migration of bisphenol A from plastic baby bottles, baby bottle liners and reusable polycarbonate drinking bottles
Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has recently received special attention. It has been shown that exposure to BPA may occur through the consumption of beverages or foods that have been in contact with polycarbonate (PC) plastic containers or epoxy resins in food packaging. A BPA migration study was conducted using a variety of plastic containers, including polycarbonate baby bottles,
C. Kubwabo; I. Kosarac; B. Stewart; B. R. Gauthier; K. Lalonde; P. J. Lalonde
Passive smoking in babies: The BIBE study (Brief Intervention in babies. Effectiveness)
BACKGROUND: There is evidence that exposure to passive smoking in general, and in babies in particular, is an important cause of morbimortality. Passive smoking is related to an increased risk of pediatric diseases such as sudden death syndrome, acute respiratory diseases, worsening of asthma, acute-chronic middle ear disease and slowing of lung growth. The objective of this article is to
Guadalupe Ortega; Cristina Castell�; Carlos Mart�n-Cantera; Jose L Ballv�; Estela D�az; Marc Saez; Juan Lozano; Lourdes Rofes; Concepci� Morera; Ant�nia Barcel�; Carmen Cabezas; Jose A Pascual; Ra�l P�rez-Ortu�o; Esteve Salt�; Araceli Valverde; Mireia Jan�
Baby Minds: Brain-Building Games Your Baby Will Love. Birth to Age Three.
Recent research points to the inborn abilities of infants and shows how early experiences influence cognitive skills. This book presents activities for parents and their infants--building on activities babies instinctively love--to develop their unique abilities. The book is organized around six intellectual skills: (1) problem solving; (2)�
Acredolo, Linda; Goodwyn, Susan
[Outcome after a shaken baby syndrome].
The Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is a severe inflicted brain injury due to an adult violently shaking an infant. Diagnostic guidelines have been recently published by the "Haute Autorit� de sant�". The mortality rate after SBS is 21.6�% and the long-term outcome is good for only 8�to 36�% patients followed over more than 5�years. The aim of this article is to describe sequelae after a SBS, their mechanisms, prognostic factors and recommendations for a better long-term care of the patients. PMID:23466403
Lind, K; Laurent-Vannier, A; Toure, H; Brugel, D-G; Chevignard, M
Object��The shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is an important cause of developmental delay in infants. Epileptic seizures are a common feature\\u000a of this syndrome. The aim if this study is to analyse the impact of the early and late seizures disorder.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Materials and methods��We have retrospectively reviewed the clinical and electrophysiological findings in a series of 404 children hospitalised with\\u000a SBS.
Marie Bourgeois; Federico Di Rocco; Matthew Garnett; Brigitte Charron; Nathalie Boddaert; Christine Soufflet; Thomas Roujeau; Michel Zerah; Christian Sainte-Rose; Perrine Plouin; Dominique Renier
Traumatic brain injury and shaken baby syndrome.
Shaken baby syndrome is a serious form of physical child abuse, which is frequently overlooked. It is defined as vigorous manual shaking of an infant who is being held by the extremities or shoulders, leading to whiplash-induced intracranial and intraocular bleeding and no external signs of head trauma. This syndrome is seen most commonly in children under 2 years, mainly in children under 6 months. This article summarizes issues related to clinical presentation, diagnosis, risk factors, and interventions for healthcare professionals. PMID:22525633
Paiva, Wellingson S; Soares, Matheus S; Amorim, Robson L O; de Andrade, A Ferreira; Matushita, Hamilton; Teixeira, Manoel J
Inspecting baby Skyrmions with effective metrics
In the present paper we investigate the causal structure of the baby Skyrme model using appropriate geometrical tools. We discuss several features of excitations propagating on top of background solutions and show that the evolution of high frequency waves is governed by a curved effective geometry. Examples are given for which the effective metric describes the interaction between waves and solitonic solutions such as kinks, antikinks, and hedgehogs. In particular, it is shown how violent processes involving the collisions of solitons and antisolitons may induce metrics which are not globally hyperbolic. We argue that it might be illuminating to calculate the effective metric as a diagnostic test for pathological regimes in numerical simulations.
Gibbons, G. W.; Goulart, E.
Mixed-Initiative Friend-List Creation
\\u000a Friend lists group contacts in a social networking site that are to be treated equally in some respect. We have developed\\u000a a new approach for recommending friend lists, which can then be manually edited and merged by the user to create the final\\u000a lists. Our approach finds both large networks of friends and smaller friend groups within this network by
My Friend Is Talking about Suicide
My Friend Is Talking About Suicide. What Should I Do? KidsHealth > Teens > Mind > Friends > My Friend Is Talking About Suicide. What Should I Do? Print A A ... You Can Do After Suicide Warning Signs of Suicide Everyone feels sad, depressed, or angry sometimes � especially ...
Prenatal Care for Teens: Taking Care of You and Your Baby
... f InteliHealth Medical Content 2011-08-14 Prenatal Care for Teens: Taking Care of You and Your Baby If you decide to have the baby, you should take care of yourself and your growing baby. There's a ...
Adolescent Boys' Intentions of Seeking Help from Male Friends and Female Friends
This study examined adolescent boys' intentions of seeking help from male friends and female friends. We evaluated mean differences in boys' help-seeking intentions; assessed whether boys' individual characteristics predicted their intentions; and examined perceived support from male friends and female friends as mediators of these relationships.�
Sears, Heather A.; Graham, Joanna; Campbell, Anna
The future of medicare hospital payment.
The combination of health care cost growth exceeding general inflation and the swelling of beneficiary rolls with baby boomers will create fiscal pressure for Medicare. Despite dramatic declines in the growth of hospital costs following the introduction of Medicare's prospective payment system (PPS), the growth in Medicare hospital spending per beneficiary has been close to three times the overall rate of inflation since 2000. This paper examines issues related to Medicare's using its pricing policies to more aggressively pursue hospital cost containment. I discuss the need to calibrate payments to reflect expected necessary costs to reduce potential effects on beneficiaries' access, quality of care, or technological improvements. PMID:16403746
Scanlon, William J
Safety evaluation of superabsorbent baby diapers.
Superabsorbent disposable baby diapers are sophisticated, well-engineered products that provide many benefits including convenience, comfort, exceptional leakage protection, improved hygiene and skin care benefits compared with cloth diapers. Safety assurance is an integral part of the diaper development process at Procter & Gamble, with the goal of ensuring safety for both caregivers and babies. A systematic, stepwise approach to safety assessment starts with a thorough evaluation of new design features and materials, using the principles of general risk assessment including, as appropriate, controlled trials to assess clinical endpoints or independent scientific review of safety data. The majority of the diaper materials are polymers that are safe and do not have inherent toxicity issues. Trace amounts of non-polymeric materials, such as colorants, are assessed based on their skin contact potential. New materials or design features are introduced in marketed products only if they have been shown to be safe under the conditions of recommended or foreseeable use. The product safety continues to be confirmed after launch by means of in-market monitoring. This article provides a broad overview of human safety exposure-based risk assessment used at Procter & Gamble for absorbent hygiene products. PMID:18992296
Kosemund, Kirstin; Schlatter, Harald; Ochsenhirt, Jennifer L; Krause, Edburga L; Marsman, Daniel S; Erasala, Geetha N
Better Baby Care: A Book for Family Day Care Providers.
A resource for child caregivers providing family day care for infants and toddlers, this book is designed to provide information and suggestions in a format that is easy to follow, and in language that is easy to read. Chapter 1 gives tips on "baby-proofing" the home, as well as ideas for toys, equipment, and how to integrate a baby into the�
Nash, Margaret; Tate, Costella
Baby Boom Equals Career Bust. Monographs on Career Education.
Presenting the Baby Boom (1946-1965) as both a potential social problem and opportunity for American leadership, this monograph discusses the following aspects of this population concern: (1) its immediate and long-term impact on career opportunities for those college graduates who make up the baby boom generation; (2) its impact on those whose�
Moore, Charles Guy
Seasonal variations in the incidence of suspected shaken baby syndrome
A retrospective review of cases at a level I pediatric trauma center from 1995 through 1999 was conducted to identify cases of suspected shaken baby syndrome. Cases were included if the primary diagnosis was associated with shaken baby syndrome, such as retinal hemorrhage or subdural hematoma. The daily temperature and month of admission were evaluated to identify possible seasonal variations
Sandra E. Daly; Susan M. Connor
Temperature monitoring and control in the newborn baby
The importance of keeping the newborn baby warm has been known for centuries but worldwide in the 21st century hypothermia remains a major contributor to neonatal mortality. Although less of a problem in high income countries there is evidence that low temperatures have an impact on outcome at vulnerable times, particularly in the baby born preterm. It is clear that
Yvonne Freer; Andrew Lyon
Building relationships within the Russian Toys& Baby-Goods Industry
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the case of building relationships within the Russian toys & baby-goods industry. After all the macroeconomic and political changes of the past decades in Russia, the industry was heavily damaged. At the beginning of the decade Russian toys & baby-goods producers seemed to have no competitive advantages at all. Their market share
Marina Sheresheva
Societal Trends: The Aging Baby Boom and Women's Increased Independence.
The two most important societal trends today are the aging baby boom and womens increased independence. This paper compares the travel profiles of women aged 40 to 49 (early baby boomers) with women aged 75 and over and with men aged 75 and over (parents ...
D. Spain
Reliability of cardiotocography in predicting baby's condition at birth.
A prospective study of 6825 labours was undertaken to determine the relation between the Apgar scores of the babies at one minute and the cardiotocograph tracing in labour. The sensitivity of an abnormal tracing was 35.2% for babies who needed intermittent positive pressure ventilation and 20.0% for babies who did not but who had Apgar scores of less than 7. The sensitivity of an abnormal tracing for all babies with an Apgar score of less than 7 was 23.2%. The positive predictive value of an abnormal tracing was 8.7% for babies who needed intermittent positive pressure ventilation and 18.7% for babies who did not but who had an Apgar score of less than 7. The positive predictive value of an abnormal tracing was 27.4% for all babies with an Apgar score of less than 7. The specificity of the tracing was 93.4% for babies with an Apgar score of 7 or over. The relatively high incidence of false positive predictions might be explained on the grounds that abnormalities in the cardiotocograph tracing are a more sensitive indicator of hypoxia than the Apgar score. False negative predictions might have been due to adverse factors other than hypoxia--for example, fetal trauma, compression of the head, infection, and analgesia in labour. These findings suggest that the current overdependence on fetal monitoring by cardiotocography alone should be examined and that other reliable indicators for non-hypoxic fetal distress should be sought.
Curzen, P; Bekir, J S; McLintock, D G; Patel, M
Baby Care Basics: What Every Infant Caregiver Needs To Know.
Presents information on caring for infants in a child care setting. Suggestions include responding quickly to crying, setting the schedule to baby's pace, talking to the baby, using proper hand-washing procedures, checking the room daily for safety, going outdoors every day, and building partnerships with parents. Includes a sample form for�
Texas Child Care, 2002
Do Baby Wet Wipes Change Periurethral Aerobic Flora?
SUMMARY: There is massive enteric bacterial colonization in the periurethral region during infancy. Fecal soiling is considered to be responsible for this colonization. We hypothesized that baby wet wipes containing chemical cleansing compounds, which are used for the cleaning of babies after diaper soiling, could be a contribut- ing factor in this colonization. Thus, the effect on periurethral flora of
Dursun A. Senses; C. Elif �zt�rk; Nese Ers�z Yar; Selda Acar; Talat Bah�ebas; Kenan Kocabay; Demet Kaya
Motivations of Baby Boomer Doctoral Learners: A Grounded Theory Study
The aim of this study was to develop a substantive theory of the motivations of Baby Boomer doctoral learners, using the grounded theory approach. These Baby Boomers possess a wealth of wisdom. Their experiences, coupled with educational credentials, could take their leadership abilities to the next level. The grounded theory method developed by�
Williams, Julia J.
Baby schema modulates the brain reward system in nulliparous women.
Ethologist Konrad Lorenz defined the baby schema ("Kindchenschema") as a set of infantile physical features, such as round face and big eyes, that is perceived as cute and motivates caretaking behavior in the human, with the evolutionary function of enhancing offspring survival. The neural basis of this fundamental altruistic instinct is not well understood. Prior studies reported a pattern of brain response to pictures of children, but did not dissociate the brain response to baby schema from the response to children. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and controlled manipulation of the baby schema in infant faces, we found that baby schema activates the nucleus accumbens, a key structure of the mesocorticolimbic system mediating reward processing and appetitive motivation, in nulliparous women. Our findings suggest that engagement of the mesocorticolimbic system is the neurophysiologic mechanism by which baby schema promotes human caregiving, regardless of kinship. PMID:19451625
Glocker, Melanie L; Langleben, Daniel D; Ruparel, Kosha; Loughead, James W; Valdez, Jeffrey N; Griffin, Mark D; Sachser, Norbert; Gur, Ruben C
Born in Bradford, a cohort study of babies born in Bradford, and their parents: Protocol for the recruitment phase
Background Bradford, one of the most deprived cities in the United Kingdom, has a wide range of public health problems associated with socioeconomic deprivation, including an infant mortality rate almost double that for England and Wales. Infant mortality is highest for babies of Pakistani origin, who comprise almost half the babies born in Bradford. The Born in Bradford cohort study aims to examine environmental, psychological and genetic factors that impact on health and development perinatally, during childhood and subsequent adult life, and those that influence their parents' health and wellbeing. This protocol outlines methods for the recruitment phase of the study. Methods Most Bradford women attend for antenatal care and give birth at the Bradford Royal Infirmary, which has approximately 5,800 births per year. Women are eligible for recruitment if they plan to give birth here. Babies born from March 2007 are eligible to participate, recruitment is planned to continue until 2010. Fathers of babies recruited are invited to participate. Women are usually recruited when they attend for a routine oral glucose tolerance test at 26�28 weeks gestation. Recruitment of babies is at birth. Fathers are recruited whenever possible during the antenatal period, or soon after the birth. The aim is to recruit 10,000 women, their babies, and the babies' fathers. At recruitment women have blood samples taken, are interviewed to complete a semi-structured questionnaire, weighed, and have height, arm circumference and triceps skinfold measured. Umbilical cord blood is collected at birth. Within two weeks of birth babies have their head, arm and abdominal circumference measured, along with subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness. Fathers self-complete a questionnaire at recruitment, have height and weight measured, and provide a saliva sample. Participants are allocated a unique study number. NHS numbers will be used to facilitate record linkage and access to routine data. A wide range of hospital and community sources is being accessed to provide data for the women and children. Data are checked for accuracy and consistency. Conclusion Born in Bradford will increase understanding of the factors that contribute to health and wellbeing, and identify factors that influence differences in them between people of Pakistani and European origin.
Raynor, Pauline
Boltzmann babies in the proper time measure
After commenting briefly on the role of the typicality assumption in science, we advocate a phenomenological approach to the cosmological measure problem. Like any other theory, a measure should be simple, general, well defined, and consistent with observation. This allows us to proceed by elimination. As an example, we consider the proper time cutoff on a geodesic congruence. It predicts that typical observers are quantum fluctuations in the early universe, or Boltzmann babies. We sharpen this well-known youngness problem by taking into account the expansion and open spatial geometry of pocket universes. Moreover, we relate the youngness problem directly to the probability distribution for observables, such as the temperature of the cosmic background radiation. We consider a number of modifications of the proper time measure, but find none that would make it compatible with observation.
Bousso, Raphael; Bousso, Raphael; Freivogel, Ben; Yang, I-Sheng
The baby Skyrme models and their multi-skyrmions
We analyse the structure of minimal-energy solutions of the baby Skyrme model for any topological charge n; the baby multi-skyrmions. Unlike in the (3+1)D nuclear Skyrme model, a potential term must be present in the (2+1)D baby Skyrme model to ensure stability. The form of this potential term has a crucial effect on the existence and structure of baby multi-skyrmions. The simplest holomorphic baby Skyrme model has no known stable minimal-energy solution for n greater than one. The other baby Skyrme model studied in the literature possesses non-radially-symmetric minimal-energy configurations that look like `skyrmion lattices' formed by skyrmions with n = 2. We discuss a baby Skyrme model with a potential that has two vacua. Surprisingly, the minimal-energy solution for every n is radially symmetric and the energy grows linearly for large n. Further, these multi-skyrmions are tighter bound, have less energy and the same large r behaviour than in the model with one vaccum. We rely on numerical studies and approximations to test and verify this observation.
Weidig, Tom
Baby Skyrme models for a class of potentials
We consider a class of (2+1)-dimensional baby Skyrme models with potentials that have more than one vacuum. These potentials are generalizations of the old and new baby Skyrme models in that they involve a more complicated dependence on ?3 (V(?3)?0). The boundary conditions are such that ?3 = 1 corresponds to the vacuum and ?3 = -1 at the position of each skyrmion. We find that when the potential vanishes at ?3 = -1 the configurations corresponding to the baby skyrmions lying `on top of each other' are the minima of the energy. However, when V(?3 = -1)&\
Eslami, Parvin; Sarbishaei, Mohsen; Zakrzewski, Wojtek
Increased migration levels of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles after dishwashing, boiling and brushing
Baby bottles are often made of polycarbonate plastic. Impurities remaining in the bottle from the monomer bisphenol A can migrate from the plastic bottles into baby food, thereby causing a health concern. Previous migration testing of new baby bottles showed only trace migration levels of the substance. In the present work, polycarbonate baby bottles were subjected to simulated use by
C. Brede; P. Fjeldal; I. Skjevrak; H. Herikstad
Handwashing and cohorting in prevention of hospital acquired infections with respiratory syncytial virus
Hospital acquired infections with respiratory syncytial virus are a major problem. The virus is spread predominantly by infected nasal secretions and we investigated whether we could reduce its incidence by cohorting babies on each ward into designated areas and encouraging staff and parents to wash their hands. We examined the incidence of hospital acquired infection due to respiratory syncytial virus
D Isaacs; H Dickson; C OCallaghan; R Sheaves; A Winter; E R Moxon
Time to Eat! What Will You Feed Your Baby?
... register. I'm interested in: Pregnancy Baby growth & care Research Volunteer opportunities Advocacy in government For health ... acid During your pregnancy Your pregnant body Prenatal care Eating and nutrition Physical activity Emotional and life ...
About Kids' Teeth: Baby Tooth Decay is Real
... Tooth Decay Thumb sucking Prevent Decay Nutrition Baby Tooth Decay Is Real As soon as teeth appear in ... news – decay is mostly preventable . What Are Cavities? Causes of Decay Tooth decay begins when cavity- ...
What Should I Do After My Baby Is Born?
... Scientific Research Planning Scientific Resources Research What should I do after my baby is born? Skip sharing ... t increase your risk of developing diabetes. Can I breastfeed 2 even though I have gestational diabetes? ...
Baby 'Sleep Machines' Could Damage Hearing, Study Suggests
Hypermethioninaemia and 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria in an apparently healthy baby
An apparently healthy baby with persistent hypermethioninaemia excretes increased amounts of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxypropionate, -aminoisobutyrate and -alanine. A defect in the oxidation of methylmalonic and malonic semialdehydes is proposed but the cause of the hypermethioninaemia is obscure.
P. J. Congdon; D. Haigh; R. Smith; Anne Green; R. J. Pollitt
Obesity Linked to Increased Odds of Losing Baby, Study Finds
VITA: A paperless hospital suite
An interactive user-friendly software suite, code-named VITA, was developed by the authors for implementing electronic medical record (EMR) systems of hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa. VITA was designed as a web based application running off a central server. The paper describes the functional features of VITA, its mode of deployment and the challenges faced in adapting and adopting the system for
James Katende; Oluwaseyi Feyisetan; Abiola O Olaleye
Towards tooth friendly soft drinks.
Most soft drinks contain high concentration of simple carbohydrates and have a pH of 3 or even lower. Therefore, they are harmful for tooth structure. A tooth friendly soft drink (T.F.S.D) should have the following characteristics and elements; fluoride (approximately 1 ppm), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (2%), xylitol (4-6g/serving), tea polyphenols (2-4 mg/ml), cranberry extract (250 mg/ml of the flavonoids quercetin and myricetin), sugar free, pH close to 5.5 and super oxygenation (240,000 ppm) vs. carbonation. T.F.S.D can be packaged in a container which gaseous oxygen is dissolved in a liquid in the form of bubbles. However, looking at opportunities for so-called sophisticated soft drinks, T.F.S.D will be an example for a functional and health oriented soft drink. PMID:19570614
Kolahi, Jafar; Fazilati, Mohamad; Kadivar, Mahdi
Good Agreements Make Good Friends
When starting a new collaborative endeavor, it pays to establish upfront how strongly your partner commits to the common goal and what compensation can be expected in case the collaboration is violated. Diverse examples in biological and social contexts have demonstrated the pervasiveness of making prior agreements on posterior compensations, suggesting that this behavior could have been shaped by natural selection. Here, we analyze the evolutionary relevance of such a commitment strategy and relate it to the costly punishment strategy, where no prior agreements are made. We show that when the cost of arranging a commitment deal lies within certain limits, substantial levels of cooperation can be achieved. Moreover, these levels are higher than that achieved by simple costly punishment, especially when one insists on sharing the arrangement cost. Not only do we show that good agreements make good friends, agreements based on shared costs result in even better outcomes.
Han, The Anh; Pereira, Luis Moniz; Santos, Francisco C.; Lenaerts, Tom
Problems and management of low birth weight babies in an improvised neonatal unit of a developing country.
Developing countries do not have the resources needed to establish NICUs (neonatal intensive care units) which are used in developed countries for the management of low birth weight infants. In Agra, India a low cost experimental unit for caring for these infants was developed and evaluated. It proved to be a practical alternative to the NICU. In India low birth weight infants are identified as all those infants weighing less than 1000 gm at birth. 100 low birth weight infants were selected for inclusion in the experimental program and were admitted to the hospital. Mothers were requested to stay at the hospital with their infants and were given instructions for caring for the infants. Mothers were encouraged to breast-feed their infants. Since incubators were unavailable babies were kept warm in winter with blankets and hot water bottles and kept cool in summer with an inexpensive room cooler. Sick infants were isolated. 42 of the babies were delivered after the 37th week of gestation and 58 during or before the 37th week. 46 of the babies were born to primiparous women and the incidence of low weight births declined as parity and maternal age increased. Mothers of the infants tended a have of history of obstetrical problems. The % of deaths among infants less than 1000 gm, 1001-1250 gm, 1501-1750 gm, and 1751-2000 gm were respectively 100%, 45.45%, 40.00%, 16.60%, and 4.50%. 61% of the babies experienced some form of illness. The incidence of morbidity decreased as the age and weight of the infant increased. The study demonstrated that the lives of a large number of infants weighing 1000-2000 gm at birth could be saved without resorting to the use of expensive and sophisticated equipment. PMID:12310106
Dayal, R S
Improving Baby Caring with Automatic Infant Cry Recognition
Babies are human beings who cannot satisfy their necessities by themselves, they completely depend of cares and attentions\\u000a by adults. The cry is the natural media babies use to express their needs. Several studies have demonstrated that cry is a\\u000a useful tool to determine the different emotional and physiological states from an infant, and in addition to make medical\\u000a diagnoses
Sandra E. Barajas-Montiel; Carlos A. Reyes-Garc�a; Emilio Arch-Tirado; Mario Mandujano
Diffusion-weighted MRI in shaken baby syndrome
We present the characteristic CT and MRI findings of a 2-month-old girl with shaken baby syndrome. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging performed 8 days after the insult established the presence of injury to the white matter in the corpus callosum and subcortical white matter in the temporo-occipito-parietal region. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging is valuable in the diagnostic work-up of suspected shaken baby syndrome,
Yu-Leung Chan; Winnie C. W. Chu; Gary W. K. Wong; David K. W. Yeung
Modelling macroscopic and baby universes by fundamental strings
We develop a model of $(1+1)$-dimensional parent and baby universes as macroscopic and microscopic fundamental closed strings. We argue, on the basis of understanding of strings from the point of view of target $D$-dimensional space-time, that processes involving baby universes/wormholes not only induce $c$-number "$\\alpha$-parameters" in $(1+1)d$ action, but also lead to loss of quantum coherence for a $(1+1)d$ observer in the parent universe.
Rubakov, V. A.
Hospital Hints
... little cash (not more than $10) and a credit card that a family member or friend can keep ... wedding rings, earrings, and watches), extra cash, additional credit cards, and your checkbook at home. Don�t bring ...
Power outages, power externalities, and baby booms.
Determining whether power outages have significant fertility effects is an important policy question in developing countries, where blackouts are common and modern forms of family planning are scarce. Using birth records from Zanzibar, this study shows that a month-long blackout in 2008 caused a significant increase in the number of births 8 to 10 months later. The increase was similar across villages that had electricity, regardless of the level of electrification; villages with no electricity connections saw no changes in birth numbers. The large fertility increase in communities with very low levels of electricity suggests that the outage affected the fertility of households not connected to the grid through some spillover effect. Whether the baby boom is likely to translate to a permanent increase in the population remains unclear, but this article highlights an important hidden consequence of power instability in developing countries. It also suggests that electricity imposes significant externality effects on rural populations that have little exposure to it. PMID:25007970
Burlando, Alfredo
Who Goes There: Friend or Foe.
The recent Persian Gulf War focused attention on the problem of fratricide, or 'friendly fire' casualties among combat units. Twenty-four percent of U.S. combat fatalities in that conflict were due to friendly fire. The House Armed Services Committee requ...
Best Friend Networks of Children across Settings.
Investigated children's classroom sociometry and size of their best-friend networks. For both classroom and playground settings, popular children had the most reciprocal best friends, while rejected children had the fewest, but had more on the playground than in the classroom. Results suggest that constraints and opportunities of different�
Ray, Glen E.; And Others
Constructing Family-Friendly Careers: Mothers' Experiences
This study explored the experience of 26 married mothers who had developed family-friendly careers. Family-friendly careers were defined as careers that required less than 30 hours per week and were structured to allow the participants to spend "significant" amounts of time with their families. Guided interviews were used to obtain in-depth�
Jackson, Aaron P.; Scharman, Janet S.
Relations of Friends' Activities to Friendship Quality
Two studies were conducted to examine age and sex differences in friends' activities and relations of participation in these activities to perceived friendship quality. In Study 1, 52 fourth and eighth graders were asked open-ended questions about activities they do with their best friends. In Study 2, 105 fourth and eighth graders reported both�
Mathur, Ravisha; Berndt, Thomas J.
Students' Facebook �friends�: public and private spheres
Friendship is highly significant during the university years. Facebook, widely used by students, is designed to facilitate communication with different groups of �friends�. This exploratory study involved interviewing a sample of student users of Facebook: it focuses on the extent to which older adults, especially parents, are accepted as Facebook friends, and the attitudes towards such friendships and potential friendships
Anne West; Jane Lewis; Peter Currie
Neonatal risk factors for cerebral palsy in very preterm babies: case-control study.
OBJECTIVE: To identify neonatal risk factors for cerebral palsy among very preterm babies and in particular the associations independent of the coexistence of antenatal and intrapartum factors. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Oxford health region. SUBJECTS: Singleton babies born between 1984 and 1990 at less than 32 weeks' gestation who survived to discharge from hospital: 59 with cerebral palsy and 234 randomly selected controls without cerebral palsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse neonatal factors expressed as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Factors associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy after adjustment for gestational age and the presence of previously identified antenatal and intrapartum risk factors were patent ductus arteriosus (odds ratio 2.3; 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 4.5), hypotension (2.3; 1.3 to 4.7), blood transfusion (4.8; 2.5 to 9.3), prolonged ventilation (4.8; 2.5 to 9.0), pneumothorax (3.5; 1.6 to 7.6), sepsis (3.6; 1.8 to 7.4), hyponatraemia (7.9; 2.1 to 29.6) and total parenteral nutrition (5.5; 2.8 to 10.5). Seizures were associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy (10.0; 4.1 to 24.7), as were parenchymal damage (32; 12.4 to 84.4) and appreciable ventricular dilatation (5.4; 3.0 to 9.8) detected by cerebral ultrasound. CONCLUSION: A reduction in the rate of cerebral palsy in very preterm babies requires an integrated approach to management throughout the antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods.
Murphy, D. J.; Hope, P. L.; Johnson, A.
Talking about Babies, Toddlers, and Sleep
Jodi Mindell, PhD, the associate director of the Sleep Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, describes how parents and caregivers can help children develop healthy sleeping habits beginning in infancy. Healthy sleep habits are an essential skill for children's overall health and well-being, and they impact family functioning. Dr.�
Mindell, Jodi A.
Hospitalized infants who hurt: a sweet solution with oral sucrose.
Pain is harmful to newborn infants. Oral sucrose is safe, inexpensive, and effective at preventing and reducing pain in hospitalized babies who undergo invasive procedures. The sugar can be used alone or in combination with analgesics and other nonpharmacological interventions to provide analgesia. Parents expect nurses to serve as pain advocates for the parents' newborns and to protect the babies from needless suffering. It is incumbent upon nurses to stay abreast of the current evidence and integrate use of oral sucrose into daily pain management practice in emergency, acute, and critical care units. PMID:22298719
Pasek, Tracy Ann; Huber, Jessica Marie
Where are the Sunday babies? II. Declining weekend birth rates in Switzerland
Birth dates from almost 3 million babies born between 1969 and 2005 in Switzerland were analyzed for the weekday of birth. As in other countries but with unprecedented amplitude, a very marked non-random distribution was discovered with decreasing numbers of births on weekends, reaching -17.9% in 2005. While most of this weekend births avoidance rate is due to fewer births on Sundays (up to -21.7%), the downward trend is primarily a consequence of decreasing births on Saturdays (up to -14.5%). For 2005, these percentages mean that 3,728 fewer babies are born during weekends than could be expected from equal distribution. Most interestingly and surprisingly, weekend birth-avoiding rates are significantly correlated with birth numbers ( r = 0.86), i.e. the lower the birth number per year, the lower the number of weekend births. The increasing avoidance of births during weekends is discussed as being a consequence of increasing numbers of caesarean sections and elective labor induction, which in Switzerland reach 29.2 and 20.5%, respectively, in 2004. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that both primary and secondary caesarean sections are significantly correlated with weekend birth avoidance rates. It is therefore likely that financial aspects of hospitals are a factor determining the avoidance of weekend births by increasing the numbers of caesarean sections.
Lerchl, Alexander; Reinhard, Sarah C.
Where are the Sunday babies? II. Declining weekend birth rates in Switzerland.
Birth dates from almost 3 million babies born between 1969 and 2005 in Switzerland were analyzed for the weekday of birth. As in other countries but with unprecedented amplitude, a very marked non-random distribution was discovered with decreasing numbers of births on weekends, reaching -17.9% in 2005. While most of this weekend births avoidance rate is due to fewer births on Sundays (up to -21.7%), the downward trend is primarily a consequence of decreasing births on Saturdays (up to -14.5%). For 2005, these percentages mean that 3,728 fewer babies are born during weekends than could be expected from equal distribution. Most interestingly and surprisingly, weekend birth-avoiding rates are significantly correlated with birth numbers (r = 0.86), i.e. the lower the birth number per year, the lower the number of weekend births. The increasing avoidance of births during weekends is discussed as being a consequence of increasing numbers of caesarean sections and elective labor induction, which in Switzerland reach 29.2 and 20.5%, respectively, in 2004. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that both primary and secondary caesarean sections are significantly correlated with weekend birth avoidance rates. It is therefore likely that financial aspects of hospitals are a factor determining the avoidance of weekend births by increasing the numbers of caesarean sections. PMID:17891531
Lerchl, Alexander; Reinhard, Sarah C
View southwest toward Eldred Avenue from within Friend's Burial Ground, ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
View southwest toward Eldred Avenue from within Friend's Burial Ground, Benjamin Carr Farm in distance through the trees - Friends' Burial Ground, Eldred & Beacon Avenues, Jamestown, Newport County, RI
Fatal spontaneous subdural bleeding due to neonatal giant cell hepatitis: a rare differential diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome.
A 7-week-old girl showed vomiting after feeding, facial pallor, loss of muscle tone and respiratory depression. An emergency doctor performed successful resuscitation and after arrival in hospital, cranial ultrasound showed left-sided subdural hemorrhage, cerebral edema with a shift of the midline, and a decrease in cerebral perfusion. Ophthalmologic examination showed retinal hemorrhage. In view of this, the doctors suspected shaken baby syndrome and approached the parents with their suspicions, but they denied any shaking or trauma. Despite surgery for the subdural hemorrhage the girl died a few hours later with a severe coagulopathy. Autopsy verified subdural hemorrhage, cerebral edema and retinal hemorrhage, but also revealed intact bridging veins and a lack of optic nerve sheath hemorrhage, therefore shaken baby syndrome could not be proven by autopsy. Histological examination showed severe neonatal giant cell hepatitis as the cause of the severe coagulopathy and the associated spontaneous subdural bleeding. Neonatal giant cell hepatitis may be responsible for unexpected deaths in infancy and, although rarely associated with subdural bleeding, must be considered as a potential differential diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome. PMID:21331818
Guddat, Saskia S; Ehrlich, Edwin; Martin, Hubert; Tsokos, Michael
The impact of different types of bath in the behaviour and physiology of 'rooming in' newborn babies.
The new scientific knowledge about the behaviour of the newborn and their interactions as a developing factor, as well as the new neurosciences findings about the initial brain formation, gave us several elements for a new vision and reflection about the perinatal routines in hospitals. This study raises questions about the first experiences of the rooming in newborns during the specific act of bath, as the only determining factor in altering both behaviour and physiology. Through the monitoring of the heart rate frequency and observing the changes in the states of consciousness level, this article shows how the type of bath that the newborn is subjected to influences his/her organisation. The study showed significant results in the parameters observed during the electric shower bath, leading to unbalance of the subsystems where the individuals organise themselves; such findings made us classify this procedure as very stressing to the baby. To the contrary the bath in the "Tummy Tub" presented insignificant changes, showing a relaxed baby with normal bath behaviours and physiological status; thus this procedure appears to contribute to an energetic and interactive balance of the baby's various systems. The aggressive approach (electric shower) does not allow the newborn auto-regulation to occur and to get proper stimulation and learn basic interactive responses which would facilitate his /her healthy early infancy development. PMID:15735598
Corr�a Filho, Laurista; Paula, Ana Maria de Castilho; Carvalho, Dulce Amalia Araujo de; Azevedo, Maria Paulina de Oliveira; Teixeira, Leonora de A Pinto
Compare Hospitals
... to making information about the safety, quality, and efficiency of their hospital available to the public. We ... Hospitals that implement these quality, safety, and/or efficiency practices have reported that their internal processes of ...
Finding Friends for Red Dwarfs
Stellar multiplicity provides fundamental clues about the nature of star formation, the distribution of baryonic mass in the Universe, and the evolution of stellar systems over time. How stars are parceled into singles, doubles, and higher order multiples also provides clues about the angular momentum distribution in stellar systems and constraints on whether planets may be found. Because of their large numbers, arguably the best sample that can be studied to understand stellar multiplicity are the nearby M-dwarfs. Companion searches have been done for M-dwarfs during the past few decades, but all of the surveys have had on the order of 100 targets. With samples of this size, our statistical understanding of the distribution of companions is quite weak. We are currently systematically surveying 1200 red dwarfs that have trigonometric parallaxes placing them within 25 pc of the Sun for stellar companions at separations of 1" to 10'. By obtaining I-band images using the CTIO 0.9m in the south and the Lowell 42in in the north, we are probing the environs of these systems for companions at separations of 1" to 3'. Because the systems all have accurate parallaxes, biases inherent to photometrically-selected samples are eliminated. A complementary reconnaissance of wider companions out to 10' is also being done via blinking of SuperCOSMOS BRI images. The results will allow statistical analyses of the nearby M-dwarf population, refinement of the solar neighborhood membership roster, and improvement of the mass function for these objects at the end of the main sequence. This is the largest, most comprehensive study ever done of the multiplicity of the most common stars in the Galaxy, one that will hopefully reveal those hidden friends lurking in the darkness. This work is supported by NSF grant AST 09-08402, the SMARTS Consortium, and Georgia State University.
Winters, Jennifer G.; Henry, T. J.; Boyd, M. R.; Hambly, N. C.; RECONS
Patient Satisfaction at America's Lowest Performing Hospitals
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified hospitals with poor performance on cardiac process measures. How these hospitals fare in other domains such as patient satisfaction remains unknown. METHODS We used Hospital Compare data to identify hospitals that reported acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF) process measures for 2006�2008 and calculated respective composite performance scores. Using these scores, we classified hospitals as low-performing (bottom decile for all three years), top-performing (top decile for all three years), and intermediate (all others). We used Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems 2008 data to compare overall satisfaction between low, intermediate, and top-performing hospitals. RESULTS Low-performing hospitals had fewer beds, fewer nurses per-patient, and were more likely rural, safety-net hospitals located in the South, compared to intermediate and top-performing hospitals (P<0.01 for all). After adjusting for hospital characteristics, patients were less likely to recommend low-performing hospitals to family or friends, relative to intermediate and top-performing hospitals (AMI: 58.8 vs. 63.9% vs. 68.8%, HF: 61.3% vs. 64.0% vs. 66.8%, P<0.001 for all) or provide an overall rating of ?9 out of 10 (AMI: 56.7% vs. 60.7% vs. 64.9%, HF: 57.8% vs. 61.1% vs. 63.6% P<0.01 for all). However, we also noted discordance between a hospital�s performance on process measures and patient satisfaction (kappa statistic<0.20). CONCLUSION Hospitals with consistently poor performance on cardiac process measures also have lower patient satisfaction on average suggesting that these hospitals have overall poor quality of care. However, there is discordance between the two measures in profiling hospital quality.
Girotra, Saket; Cram, Peter; Popescu, Ioana
Management of carriers and babies with haemophilia.
Although up to 30% of babies born with haemophilia do not have a family history of the disorder, the remaining 70% are born in families where haemophilia has been diagnosed. It has been estimated that for each male with haemophilia, there are five potential female carriers. Such women will benefit from knowledge of both their genetic (mutation present or not) and phenotype (level of plasma factor activity) status. Genetic counselling services to provide information and testing, together with plasma factor measurement, should be offered where available to all women at risk of being carriers. It is critical that women know their plasma factor measurement as they may have mild haemophilia (factor 5-30%, reference range 50-150%) which requires management at times of medical and surgical procedures and following trauma. Close liaison between adult and paediatric haemophilia centres and obstetric-gynaecology units is important to ensure that clinical carers identify and address carriers' needs. Genetic testing should be performed only after a potential carrier has been counselled and supported to receive such information. There is no coercion to accept such testing. An advantage of genetic testing is to then discuss pre-implantation genetic diagnosis which is an ex-vitro form of prenatal diagnosis. This can assist couples at risk of having a child with haemophilia who wish to reduce their anxieties about reproduction. Approximately 4% of boys with haemophilia, born in countries with good maternal care, will have intracranial haemorrhage in the neonatal period. There are no high-level evidence-based guidelines for the management of delivery or of the newborn with haemophilia. Obstetricians or other birth attendants need to be advised of the possibility of delivery of a boy with haemophilia and seek support from a haemophilia specialist during the pregnancy. The mother can then be monitored and plans for delivery be developed between her medical consultants and discussed with her. It is always preferable for a carrier to know of her genetic and phenotypic status before becoming pregnant so that she is informed as to her options and requirements for safe delivery. PMID:18510540
Street, A M; Ljung, R; Lavery, S A
Your Genes May Help Pick Your Friends
Environmentally friendly preparation of metal nanoparticles
EPA Science Inventory
The book chapter summarizes the ?state of the art? in the exploitation of various environmentally-friendly synthesis approaches, reaction precursors and conditions to manufacture metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for a vast variety of purposes....
Implementing the ten steps to successful breastfeeding in multiple hospitals serving low-wealth patients in the US: innovative research design and baseline findings
Background The Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding are maternity practices proven to support successful achievement of exclusive breastfeeding. They also are the basis for the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). This study explores implementation of these steps in hospitals that serve predominantly low wealth populations. Methods A quasi-experimental design with mixed methods for data collection and analysis was included within an intervention project. We compared the impact of a modified Ten Steps implementation approach to a control group. The intervention was carried out in hospitals where: 1) BFHI designation was not necessarily under consideration, and 2) the majority of the patient population was low wealth, i.e., eligible for Medicaid. Hospitals in the research aspect of this project were systematically assigned to one of two groups: Initial Intervention or Initial Control/Later Intervention. This paper includes analyses from the baseline data collection, which consisted of an eSurvey (i.e., Carolina B-KAP), Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care survey tool (mPINC), the BFHI Self-Appraisal, key informant interviews, breastfeeding data, and formatted feedback discussion. Results Comparability was ensured by statistical and non-parametric tests of baseline characteristics of the two groups. Additional findings of interest included: 1) a universal lack of consistent breastfeeding records and statistics for regular monitoring/review, 2) widespread misinterpretation of associated terminology, 3) health care providers� reported practices not necessarily reflective of their knowledge and attitudes, and 4) specific steps were found to be associated with hospital breastfeeding rates. A comprehensive set of facilitators and obstacles to initiation of the Ten Steps emerged, and hospital-specific practice change challenges were identified. Discussion This is one of the first studies to examine introduction of the Ten Steps in multiple hospitals with a control group and in hospitals that were not necessarily interested in BFHI designation, where the population served is predominantly low wealth, and with the use of a mixed methods approach. Limitations including numbers of hospitals and inability to adhere to all elements of the design are discussed. Conclusions For improvements in quality of care for breastfeeding dyads, innovative and site-specific intervention modification must be considered.
A study of prolonged jaundice screen in healthy term babies.
Prolonged jaundice in most of the term babies is associated with breast milk but in some cases it can be a marker for a range of hepatobiliary, hematological, metabolic, endocrine, infectious and genetic disorders that are associated with significant mortality and morbidity if not diagnosed in time. A diagnosis of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia warrants urgent investigation. Protocols for investigating prolonged jaundice screen vary in complexity and the yield from screen has not been assessed. In order to address these issues, we carried out a study on healthy term babies referred to our day unit with prolonged jaundice. Infants were examined by pediatrician and investigations done as per unit protocol. Prolonged jaundice screen was found to be helpful in excluding biliary atresia and to support the diagnosis of breast milk jaundice. Present study concluded that negative prolonged jaundice screen is reassuring in healthy term babies and further investigations are unwarranted unless otherwise specified. PMID:23105772
Banakar, Mahendra Kumar; Subbarayan, Anbu
A calorimetric system for metabolic studies of newborn babies.
This paper describes a closed circuit calorimetric system designed to determine the amount of energy required for synthesis of new tissue in a newborn baby. This amount can be estimated from the difference between indirect and direct calorimetric measurements. The system allows the simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, evaporative water loss and heat loss through convection and radiation in newborn babies under 2.5 kg bodyweight. The babies are exposed to a well defined climate, they can be observed continuously and are fed via a nasogastric tube during the experiment, which may last 24 h or more. Special features of the system are the compensation methods for O2 and CO2 measurements and the double gradient layer for the measurement of dry heat loss. The overall accuracy of the system is of the order of 0.1 W. The value obtained for the energy cost of growth is in close agreement with Hommes' theoretical estimate. PMID:3987209
Dane, H J; Holland, W P; Sauer, P J; Visser, H K
Cultural evolution: The case of babies� first names
In social sciences, there is currently rare consensus on the underlying mechanism for cultural evolution, partially due to lack of suitable data. The evolution of first names of newborn babies offers a remarkable example for such researches. In this paper, we employ the historical data on baby names from the United States to investigate the evolutionary process of culture, in particular focusing on how inequality among baby names changes over time. Then we propose a stochastic model where individual choice is determined by both individual preference and social influence, and show that the decrease in the strength of social influence can account for all the observed empirical features. Therefore, we claim that the weakening of social influence drives cultural evolution.
Xi, Ning; Zhang, Zi-Ke; Zhang, Yi-Cheng; Ge, Zehui; She, Li; Zhang, Kui
Candida strains from neonates in a special care baby unit.
Carriage and acquisition of Candida spp and Candida albicans biotypes were studied among 163 neonates and 90 staff in a neonatal intensive care and surgical unit during a 17 week period. Twenty one neonates carried yeasts in the mouth, rectum or groin when first sampled, and a further 25 were positive later. C albicans accounted for 94.7% of 431 yeast isolates from neonates but only 67.4% of 43 isolates from staff. The first isolated C albicans biotype persisted in 13 babies monitored longitudinally. Simultaneous colonisation with two Candida spp was found in 2/46 neonates and 5/33 staff. The prevalence of candida was significantly higher among babies of gestational age less than 28 weeks (65%) than those of higher gestational age (26%). Oral and/or crural candida infection was observed in 14 of the babies but none developed deep seated candidosis. Routine antifungal prophylaxis did not affect the frequency of yeasts among the neonates.
Sharp, A M; Odds, F C; Evans, E G
Evidence-based well-baby care. Part 1: Overview of the next generation of the Rourke Baby Record.
PROBLEM BEING ADDRESSED: Well baby and child care in the primary care setting has not always been based on evidence that has been shown to be effective in preventing and detecting disease and injury. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAM: To help physicians and nurses provide care that is more effective than a routine complete examination, the Rourke Baby Record has been revised to include evidence-based recommendations for preventive care for infants and young children. The revision incorporates the approach and recommendations of the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. The updated record is now called the Rourke Baby Record: Evidence-Based Infant/Child Health Maintenance Guide (Rourke Baby Record: EB). MAIN COMPONENTS OF PROGRAM: Part 1 of this two-part article briefly describes the background for development and presents an overview of the revised record. Part 2 discusses in detail the evidence that exists for maneuvers included in the education and advice section of the revised record. CONCLUSION: Using the Rourke Baby Record: EB and incorporating it into their office record systems as a working guide will help increase the effectiveness of the primary preventive care physicians provide to infants and young children.
Panagiotou, L.; Rourke, L. L.; Rourke, J. T.; Wakefield, J. G.; Winfield, D.
FUNGEMIAS POR Pichia anomala EN PACIENTES PEDIATRICOS INMUNOCOMPROMETIDOS HOSPITALIZADOS (Fungaemias by Pichia anomala in immunocompromised hospitalized pediatric patients)
Pichia anomala is an opportunistic emerging yeast, occasionally responsible for serious hospital infections both in lactating babies and in immuno- compromised children. We describe herein the presence of P. anomala in the blood of thirteen catherized children which was detected at the Hospital del Ni�o Jes�s de Tucum�n (Argentina), within a 5-year period. The above cases represent 9.71% out of
Rosa Runco; Raquel Salim
Baby Boomers Envision Their Retirement: An AARP Segmentation Analysis
Sponsored by the American Associated of Retired Persons (AARP), this 110-page report examines Baby Boomers' plans, expectations, and attitudes about their upcoming retirement. After interviewing 2,001 Americans born between 1946 and 1964 and holding focus groups in four US cities, the AARP found that eight out of ten Baby Boomers expect to work at least part-time during their retirement and this workforce surge could create unexpected changes in American society. According to the AARP, such a "working retirement" attitude could end "one-size-fits-all" retirement plans for America's current aging population.
Pilot evaluation of the text4baby mobile health program
Background Mobile phone technologies for health promotion and disease prevention have evolved rapidly, but few studies have tested the efficacy of mobile health in full-fledged programs. Text4baby is an example of mobile health based on behavioral theory, and it delivers text messages to traditionally underserved pregnant women and new mothers to change their health, health care beliefs, practices, and behaviors in order to improve clinical outcomes. The purpose of this pilot evaluation study is to assess the efficacy of this text messaging campaign. Methods We conducted a randomized pilot evaluation study. All participants were pregnant women first presenting for care at the Fairfax County, Virginia Health Department. We randomized participants to enroll in text4baby and receive usual health care (intervention), or continue simply to receive usual care (control). We then conducted a 24-item survey by telephone of attitudes and behaviors related to text4baby. We surveyed participants at baseline, before text4baby was delivered to the intervention group, and at follow-up at approximately 28?weeks of baby�s gestational age. Results We completed 123 baseline interviews in English and in Spanish. Overall, the sample was predominantly of Hispanic origin (79.7%) with an average age of 27.6?years. We completed 90 follow-up interviews, and achieved a 73% retention rate. We used a logistic generalized estimating equation model to evaluate intervention effects on measured outcomes. We found a significant effect of text4baby intervention exposure on increased agreement with the attitude statement �I am prepared to be a new mother� (OR?=?2.73, CI?=?1.04, 7.18, p?=?0.042) between baseline and follow-up. For those who had attained a high school education or greater, we observed a significantly higher overall agreement to attitudes against alcohol consumption during pregnancy (OR = 2.80, CI = 1.13, 6.90, p = 0.026). We also observed a significant improvement of attitudes toward alcohol consumption from baseline to follow-up (OR?=?3.57, CI?=?1.13 � 11.24, p?=?0.029). Conclusions This pilot study is the first randomized evaluation of text4baby. It is a promising program in that exposure to the text messages was associated with changes in specific beliefs targeted by the messages.
Use of Low-Dose Steroid Creams During Pregnancy Won't Affect Baby
... Affect Baby: Study Researchers did find link between low birth weight and high doses of the medications (*this ... their entire pregnancy -- were at greater risk for low birth weight babies. Another expert called the study "incredibly ...
Learn as Babies Learn: A Conceptual Model of Designing Optimum Learnability
A newborn baby�s first move is to look for the nipples. This is an instinct for a baby to live, build strength and interact\\u000a with the world. The interaction seems very similar to our users� choosing a product for self-empowerment and productivity.\\u000a However, most users are not babies, neither the majority of man-made products embody perfect affordances. How could user
Douglas Xiaoyong Wang
Baby boomers and busters: an exploratory investigation of attitudes toward marketing, advertising and consumerism
The purpose of the current study was to compare and contrast various marketing- and consumer-related attitudes and behavior across the baby boomer (those born between 1946-1964) and baby buster (those born between 1965-1976) generations. Study results suggest that baby busters, compared with baby boomers, are more favorably predisposed toward marketing and advertising. It was also found that the two generations
James A. Roberts; Chris Manolis
How to Make Financial Aid "Freshman-Friendly"
Ultimately, making financial aid "freshman friendly" also makes financial aid "sophomore friendly," "junior friendly," and "senior friendly." Indiana University has in place an Office of Enrollment Management (OEM) model that includes focused financial aid packaging strategies complemented by unique contact services and communication interventions�
Pugh, Susan L.; Johnson, David B.
Efficacy of baby-CIMT: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial on infants below age 12 months, with clinical signs of unilateral CP
Background Infants with unilateral brain lesions are at high risk of developing unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Given the great plasticity of the young brain, possible interventions for infants at risk of unilateral CP deserve exploration. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is known to be effective for older children with unilateral CP but is not systematically used for infants. The development of CIMT for infants (baby-CIMT) is described here, as is the methodology of an RCT comparing the effects on manual ability development of baby-CIMT versus baby-massage. The main hypothesis is that infants receiving baby-CIMT will develop manual ability in the involved hand faster than will infants receiving baby-massage in the first year of life. Method and design The study will be a randomised, controlled, prospective parallel-group trial. Invited infants will be to be randomised to either the baby-CIMT or the baby-massage group if they: 1) are at risk of developing unilateral CP due to a known neonatal event affecting the brain or 2) have been referred to Astrid Lindgren Children�s Hospital due to asymmetric hand function. The inclusion criteria are age 3�8 months and established asymmetric hand use. Infants in both groups will receive two 6-weeks training periods separated by a 6-week pause, for 12 weeks in total of treatment. The primary outcome measure will be the new Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI) for evaluating manual ability. In addition, the Parenting Sense of Competence scale and Alberta Infant Motor Scale will be used. Clinical neuroimaging will be utilized to characterise the brain lesion type. To compare outcomes between treatment groups generalised linear models will be used. Discussion The model of early intensive intervention for hand function, baby-CIMT evaluated by the Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI) will have the potential to significantly increase our understanding of how early intervention of upper limb function in infants at risk of developing unilateral CP can be performed and measured. Trial registration SFO-V4072/2012, 05/22/2013
Delta-storage pool disease as a mimic of abusive head trauma in a 7-month-old baby: a case report.
A seven-month-old baby was admitted to a hospital emergency department after collapsing suddenly while staying with his nanny. The baby displayed classic symptoms of shaken baby syndrome, including subdural haemorrhage, cytotoxic cerebral oedema, and bilateral retinal hemorrhages. Child protection services were informed, but both the parents and the nanny denied any involvement. In the subsequent weeks, the baby developed three other episodes of new subdural bleeding and a medico-legal investigation was started into the origin of the repeated subdural bleeding. Eventually, platelet aggregation tests and electron microscopy diagnosed a delta-storage pool disease; that is, a haemostatic disorder involving dense granules of the platelets. Initial minor blunt trauma may have resulted in subdural bleeding, while subsequent retinal haemorrhage could have been facilitated by the underlying haemostatic disorder. Delta-storage pool disease should be considered as a possible mimic of abusive head trauma similar to other rare conditions such as Menkes disease and type 1 glutaric aciduria. PMID:23756525
De Leeuw, Marc; Beuls, Emile; Jorens, Philippe; Parizel, Paul; Jacobs, Werner
Maternal affection moderates friend influence on schoolwork engagement.
This study investigated friend influence over adolescent schoolwork engagement in 160 same-sex friend dyads (94 female dyads and 66 male dyads). Participants were approximately 16 years of age at the outset. Each friend described his or her own schoolwork engagement, school burnout, and perceptions of maternal affection. The results revealed that maternal affection moderated the influence that the higher burnout friend exerted over the subsequent schoolwork engagement of the lower burnout friend. The schoolwork engagement of the friend reporting higher levels of school burnout predicted a decline in the schoolwork engagement of the friend reporting lower school burnout, but only if the latter perceived below-average maternal affection. PMID:24015690
Marion, Donna; Laursen, Brett; Kiuru, Noona; Nurmi, Jari-Erik; Salmela-Aro, Katariina
Objectives: To study the pharmacokinetics of theophylline and its correlations to pharmacodynamic effects in apnea of prematurity in small for gestational age babies. Design: Prospective case control study. Setting: Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Subjects: Ten small for gestational age (SGA) babies and 10 gestation matched appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies with recurrent apnea of prematurity. Methods: All
Mrinalkanti Chaudhuri; S. K. Garg; Anil Narang; O. N. Bhakoo
TSI (teething ring sound instrument): a design of the sound instrument for the baby
In this paper, we will describe the TSI (Teething ring Sound Instrument), a new sound instrument given to babies, which consists of a teething ring, a knob, an I-CubeX Digitizer [1] and a computer which processes MIDI messages. The TSI is designed to bring music experience to baby with the movement of the babies reflex sucking motion. We provided the
Naoko Kubo; Kazuhiro Jo; Ken Matsunaga
Intestinal microbiota and blue baby syndrome
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common intestinal emergency among premature infants. Risk factors in premature infants include immature intestinal immunity and an intestinal microbiota dominated by hospital-acquired bacteria. Some probiotics have been shown to decrease the incidence of NEC in premature infants. Among term infants, NEC is rare. However, among term infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD), the incidence of NEC is similar to that of premature infants but with even greater mortality rates. Mechanisms by which NEC occurs in term infants with CCHD are unknown. Of central interest is the potential role of changes in the intestinal microbiota and whether these can be modified with probiotic bacteria; accordingly, we review the literature, propose hypotheses and present the rationale for future studies involving preliminary probiotic clinical trials.
Ellis, Collin L; Rutledge, John C
Practical considerations in the fabrication of earmoulds for young babies.
The practicalities of fabricating earmoulds for young babies (under the age of 3 months) have been investigated. The results indicate that earmoulds can be satisfactorily fabricated provided there are changes in approach in the fabrication procedure. This applies in both the ear impression taking and in the format of the final earmould. PMID:3704538
Nolan, M; Hostler, M; Taylor, I G; Cash, A
Effect of frozen storage on nutritional composition of baby corn
Purpose � Baby corn (Zea mays) is young, finger-like, unfertilized cobs of maize with one to three centimeters of emerged silk, preferably harvested within 24 hours of silk emergence depending upon the growing season. It is a very perishable vegetable and hence the purpose of this present study is to standardize the freezing method for extending the shelf life of
Santosh Hooda; Asha Kawatra
Baby corn, green ear, and grain yield of corn cultivars
Most maize cultivars have been developed for grain production. Because superior cultivars may differ in their exploiting purposes, interest has been demonstrated for the evaluation of corn cultivars with regard to their baby corn, green ear, and grain yields production ability. In the present work ten corn cultivars (AG 405, AG 1051, AG 2060, AG 6690, AG 7575, AG 8080,
Itala Paula de C. Almeida; Paulo S�rgio L. e Silva; Maria Z. de Negreiros; Zenaide Barbosa
Innovative design of industrial-academic cooperation in baby products
We got the chance to cooperate with a baby product manufacturer in central Taiwan for this study after paying a personal visit. Students from the Commercial Design Department of a technology university were guided to create innovative designs for products according to the manufacturer's requirements. The industrial-academic cooperation generally helped the teachers and students gained a better understanding of problems
Ruilin Lin; Jingchen Xie
�The alien baby�: Risk, blame and prenatal indeterminacy
The author uses the narrative of a mother, whose baby's Down Syndrome diagnosis was only ascertained days after his birth, to shed light upon the epistemological and social foundations of risk-medicine. This is a practice which, by seeking prediction through the working of probabilities, brings to the fore principles of uncertainty, indeterminacy, and ambiguity. The paper further portrays the salience
Sky E. Gross
Do Mothers Want Professional Carers to Love Their Babies?
This article reports an aspect of a life historical study which investigated the part that "love" played in mothers' decision-making about returning to work and placing their babies in day care. The article begins with a brief discussion of the context, including 21st-century policies in England to encourage mothers to return to the workforce�
Page, Jools
Baby Boomers And Beyond: Consumer Satisfaction With High Involvement Services
The economic and social impact of the baby boomers and those older cannot be overstated. However, this demographic segment has been largely ignored by marketers and policy developers and there is still much to be learned about this growing and changing market's needs, purchase evaluations and behaviour. The conceptualisation of service performance and consumer satisfaction with services and their performance
Wendy Spinks; Meredith Lawley
Revisiting the Measurement of Shaken Baby Syndrome Awareness
In the last 10 years, over 80% of adults surveyed report some familiarity with Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) and the dangers of shaking infants younger than 2 years of age ([Dias et al., 2005] and [Russell and Britner, 2006]). Hence, in the context of SBS prevention, the question of whether caregivers knew the safety risks of shaking an infant�
Russell, Beth S.
Funduscopic lesions associated with mortality in shaken baby syndrome
Purpose: The shaken baby syndrome (SBS) has been defined as a syndrome of intraocular and intracranial hemorrhage in young children, thought to be caused by violent shaking inflicted by an adult. In many cases SBS is fatal as a result of intracranial injury. Intraocular findings include hemorrhage, which may be accompanied by characteristic retinal folds or retinoschisis lesions. This study
Monte Mills
Morphometrical analysis of retinal hemorrhages in the shaken baby syndrome
A morphometrical analysis of retinal hemorrhages was performed in cases of physical child abuse including the shaken baby syndrome and in controls (severe head injury, intravital brain death, non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, SIDS including cardiopulmonary resuscitation). The extent of the retinal hemorrhages was significantly different between both groups. In all cases of physical child abuse, massive retinal hemorrhages in at least
P. Betz; K. P�schel; E. Miltner; E. Lignitz; W. Eisenmenger
Shaken Baby Syndrome: The Problem and a Model for Prevention.
Examines the problem of shaken baby syndrome (SBS), which involves the injury or death of an infant as a result of severe shaking. Advocates a national media campaign to promote awareness of SBS and to prevent needless injuries and deaths. (MDM)
Showers, Jacy
Revisiting the measurement of Shaken Baby Syndrome Awareness
In the last 10 years, over 80% of adults surveyed report some familiarity with Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) and the dangers of shaking infants younger than 2 years of age (Dias et al., 2005; Russell & Britner, 2006). Hence, in the context of SBS prevention, the question of whether caregivers knew the safety risks of shaking an infant becomes less
Beth S. Russell
Shaken baby syndrome: A biomechanics analysis of injury mechanisms
Traumatic infant shaking has been associated with the shaken baby syndrome (SBS) diagnosis without verification of the operative mechanisms of injury. Intensities for SBS have been expressed only in qualitative, unsubstantiated terms usually referring to acceleration\\/deceleration rotational injury and relating to falls from great heights onto hard surfaces or from severe motor vehicle crashes. We conducted an injury biomechanics analysis
Faris A. Bandak
Ritualized Embarrassment at "Coed" Wedding and Baby Showers.
Finds that women embarrassed men at "coed" wedding and baby showers by teasing and causing them to look unpoised, and that men used avoidance, humor, remediation, and justification strategies. Adds a new strategy, compliance, to previous frameworks to explain males' reaction to embarrassment. Discusses the importance of context and degree of�
Braithwaite, Dawn O.
Aging Baby Boom: Implications for Employment and Training Programs.
The post-World War II baby boom generation has had a profound effect on public policy and society at large. At each stage of the life cycle, this generation has changed the demand for public services. The social and policy phenomena associated with the ba...
S. Poulos
We've Come a Long Way, Baby!
Students discuss several human reproductive technologies available today � pregnancy ultrasound, amniocentesis, in-vitro fertilization and labor anesthetics. They learn how each technology works, and that these are ways engineers have worked to improve the health of expecting mothers and babies.
Integrated Teaching And Learning Program
Learning Link: Helping Your Baby Learn to Talk.
Noting that young children learn to talk at different ages but within certain developmental boundaries, this document presents two charts to help parents facilitate their toddler's speech. The first chart lists characteristics to look for in a growing, healthy baby at various ages between 3 months and 24 months, and suggestions for when to talk to�
Morrisset, Colleen E.; Lines, Patricia
[Fallot, Blalock and Taussig - the 'blue babies' odyssey].
120 years ago, Louis Fallot described a congenital heart malformation consisted of a special constellation. This was a cyanotic malformation, hence the term 'the blue baby syndrome'. In 1949 there was a first trial of correction of tetralogy of Fallot by joining pulmomary artery with subclavial artery. This vessels connection was fixed in medical terminology as Blalock-Taussig shunt. PMID:18626845
Mazurak, Magdalena
'Think Baby': online learning for student health visitors.
'Think Baby' is an innovative online learning resource which has been developed to help student health visitors (and other specialist community public health nurses) build their skills in observing and assessing mother-infant interactions. The project's development and pilot work was funded by a small grant from the Higher Education Academy. It builds on the findings of the team's previous research, which found health visitors' initial training had left them ill-prepared to assess the intricacies of mother-infant relationships. The 'Think Baby' project sought to develop online training resources for student health visitors using video footage of mothers and babies to illustrate different types of interactions. A small group of student health visitors were engaged in reviewing and evaluating the materials and considering their acceptability. Once developed, the materials were piloted with student health visitors from three universities, community practice teachers and a health visitor academic, and they were then adapted for wider roll out. 'Think Baby' enables student health visitors to develop their core skills in assessment, which is really important in identifying when early help and support are needed for mothers and infants. PMID:24974552
Appleton, Jane V; Harris, Margaret; Kelly, Cat; Huppe, Irmgard
The Period of PURPLE Crying to Prevent Shaken Baby Syndrome
Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is defined as inflicted brain trauma in an infant as a caregiver reaction to persistent crying, and is associated with negative complications. Prior intervention programs have proven effective in reducing SBS. The purpose of this project was to perform a comprehensive literature review to determine if the prevention program of �The Period of PURPLE Crying� reduces
Abby Branderhorst
Darwin's Intertextual Baby: Erasmus Darwin as Precursor in Child Psychology.
Notes that Charles Darwin's observations on babies are not examples of data collected to test hypotheses. Draws from Bakhtin to argue that they extend and vary existing modes of discourse, primarily debates about the place of instinct in language acquisition, traceable to his grandfather, Erasmus Darwin. Concludes that the significance of Darwin's�
Bradley, Ben S.
The Development of Embodied Cognition: Six Lessons from Babies
The embodiment hypothesis is the idea that intelligence emerges in the interaction of an agent with an environment and as a result of sensorimotor activity. In this paper we offer six lessons for developing embodied intelligent agents suggested by research in developmental psychology. We argue that starting as a baby grounded in a physical, social and linguistic world is crucial
Linda Smith; Michael Gasser
Babies Boost Skills by Taking Advantage of Rhythm and Ryhme
This article discusses a way to boost babies' skills by taking advantage of rhythm and rhyme. Becoming aware of rhyming sounds boosts brain activity and a child's early literacy ability. Adding singsong rhyming words to requests for attention is an effective way for teachers to get toddlers to listen to what they say. Rhymes and rhythms add zest�
Grinding machine: friend or foe.
Few cases of traumatic loses of the external genitalia have been reported in this part of the world. In a developing country like ours, grinding machines are commonly being used by the people for domestic purposes. Children in their mid fifteens are usually employed to man and operate the machine without proper training and apprenticeship. Many of them have fallen victims of various genito-urinary injuries from grinding machine. Treating a child for complete traumatic loss of penis is rare and challenging any where in the world. A 12 years old boy presented to the emergency unit of our hospital with penile amputation 18 hours after the injury was sustained. A penile reconstruction of corporal cavernosa phalloplasty was used. This method of reconstruction may be used by clinician in our sub-region where other treatment modalities such as replantation by microvascular surgery, use of free radial fore-arm flap or sex reassignment to the female gender may not be feasible or acceptable. PMID:12665282
Adigun, I A; Kuranga, S A; Abdulrahman, L O
Craniofacial anomalies amongst births at two hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya.
The pattern of congenital oral and craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) in the Kenyan population remains unknown. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of occurrence of CFAs at two hospitals in Nairobi. A descriptive cross-sectional study at the Kenyatta National Hospital and Pumwani Maternity Hospital was carried out from November 2006 to March 2007. Mothers who delivered at the hospitals consented to an interview and physical examination of their babies within 48 h of delivery. The anomalies were classified for type and magnitude. Data were analysed to determine the association of these anomalies with ages of the mothers, gender, weight, birth order, mode of delivery and birth status of the babies. During the study period, 7989 babies were born. The CFAs manifested in 1.8% of the total births and were more common in female (1.4%) than in male (1.0%) live births. 12.8% of stillbirths had CFAs, with lesions manifesting more in males (16.7%) than in females (6.9%). The commonest CFA was preauricular sinus (4.3/1000) followed by hydrocephalus (1.9/1000) then preauricular tags and cleft lip and palate (1.5/1000 and 1.3/1000 total births, respectively). PMID:22386656
Odhiambo, A; Rotich, E C; Chindia, M L; Macigo, F G; Ndavi, M; Were, F
Health Promotion via Deaf-Friendly Ministries
Deaf community members face many barriers to accessing health information. This paper discusses the feasibility of creating a nationwide network of Deaf-friendly ministries to help disseminate cancer information in American Sign Language (ASL) to the Deaf community. Deaf-friendly ministries (N=403), identified through Internet searches and one-on-one referrals, were sent up to three mailed invitations to join the network. Over half of the ministries responded, with 191 (47.4 %) of the ministries joining the network, completing a baseline survey and receiving ASL cancer education videos to share with members of their congregation and community. Fifteen (3.7 %) responded that they were not interested or no longer had a Deaf-friendly ministry; the rest did not respond or their invitations were returned as undeliverable. As the program progressed, an additional 238 Deaf-friendly ministries were identified. To date, 61 (25.6 %) agreed to participate after the single invitation that was mailed. This network of Deaf-friendly ministries offers a promising dissemination partner.
Branz, Patricia; Fager, Matthew; Seegers, Sharon; Shimasaki, Suzuho
Young Friendship in HFASD and Typical Development: Friend Versus Non-friend Comparisons.
This study conducted comparative assessment of friendship in preschoolers with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD, n�=�29) versus preschoolers with typical development (n�=�30), focusing on interactions with friends versus acquaintances. Groups were matched on SES, verbal/nonverbal MA, IQ, and CA. Multidimensional assessments included: mothers' and teachers' reports about friends' and friendship characteristics and observed individual and dyadic behaviors throughout interactions with friends versus non-friends during construction, drawing, and free-play situations. Findings revealed group differences in peer interaction favoring the typical development group, thus supporting the neuropsychological profile of HFASD. However, both groups' interactions with friends surpassed interactions with acquaintances on several key socio-communicative and intersubjective capabilities, thus suggesting that friendship may contribute to enhancement and practice of social interaction in HFASD. PMID:24488120
Bauminger-Zviely, Nirit; Agam-Ben-Artzi, Galit
Beam Test Data Analysis of the Beam Test Data Analysis of the JLCCDC baby Chamber JLCCDC baby Chamber
Studying the higgs boson needs a high resolution tracker. The baby chamber was fabricated with the same cell structure as the current design of the central drift chamber of the Joint Linear Collider. Its performance is studied by looking at the wire efficiency, spatial resolution and twotrack separation capability using an analysis software package already incorporated into the Joint Linear
H. Goo; D. Arogancia; J. Magallanes; A. Bacal; K. Fujii
Smart Mom's Baby-Sitting Co-Op Handbook: How We Solved the Baby-Sitter Puzzle.
Noting that a family with young children is under tremendous pressure and that a babysitting cooperative can give parents relief during a vital stage of a family's development, this book provides guidance for mothers of preschool children in starting and maintaining a Smart Mom's Babysitting Cooperative based on the University Place Baby-Sitting�
Myers, Gary
Consummated friends and ex-wives.
Abstract This article focuses on the different roles of lesbian ex-lovers in the writer's life. She divides her exes into two categories: consummated friends and ex-wives. The determining factor is whether or not the lovers lived together as a committed couple. Consummated friends are no exception to her belief that every relationship has significance, and this article shares how even relatively brief affairs expand concepts about sex, relationships, and self. Although many lesbians keep ex-wives in their intimate circles, she resists this practice. Consummated friends, however, continue to be an active part of her life. This article reveals the personal how's and why's regarding one woman's choices in connection (and disconnection) with her exes. PMID:24821048
Eden, Tabitha
Parents' expectations of staff in the early bonding process with their premature babies in the intensive care setting: a qualitative multicenter study with 60 parents
Background During the first weeks of hospitalization, premature babies and their parents encounter difficulties in establishing early bonds and interactions. Only a few studies have explored what caregivers can do to meet parents' needs in relation to these interactions and help optimize them. This study sought to explore parents' perception of these first interactions and to identify the actions of caregivers that help or hinder its development. Methods Prospective study, qualitative discourse analysis of 60 face-to-face interviews conducted with 30 mothers and 30 fathers of infants born before 32 weeks of gestation (mean � SD: 27 � 2 weeks of gestational age), during their child's stay in one out of three NICUs in France. Interviews explored parental experience, from before birth up to the first month of life. Results Data analysis uncovered two main themes, which were independent of parents' geographical or cultural origin but differed between mothers and fathers. First, fathers described the bond with their child as composed more of words and looks and involving distance, while mothers experienced the bond more physically. Secondly, two aspects of the caregivers' influence were decisive: nurses' caring attitude towards baby and parents, and their communication with parents, which reduced stress and made interactions with the baby possible. This communication appeared to be the locus of a supportive and fulfilling encounter between parents and caregivers that reinforced parents' perception of a developing bond. Conclusions At birth and during the first weeks in the NICU, the creation of a bond between mothers and fathers and their premature baby is rooted in their relationship with the caregivers. Nurses' caring attitude and regular communication adapted to specific needs are perceived by parents as necessary preconditions for parents' interaction and development of a bond with their baby. These results might allow NICU staff to provide better support to parents and facilitate the emergence of a feeling of parenthood.
Race, consanguinity and social features in Birmingham babies: a basis for prospective study.
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of consanguinity on children's health. DESIGN--The study is a prospective survey from birth to five years of a cohort of babies born in a multiracial community. This report details the initial findings on consanguinity. SETTING--Participating families live predominantly in three health districts of Birmingham, and were recruited in three local maternity hospitals. PARTICIPANTS--Babies of 2432 European mothers, 509 Afro-Caribbean mothers, 625 Indian mothers, 956 Pakistani mothers, and 216 Bangladeshi mothers have been enrolled in the study. Eighty mothers refused to participate. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS--Sociodemographic information was obtained using a structured questionnaire administered at interview. Interview data were supplemented with obstetric information from the medical records. The highest prevalence of parental consanguinity was in Pakistani Muslims (69%), whereas in Muslims from other countries it was 23%, and it was less than 1% in non-Muslims. In the majority of consanguineous Muslim pedigrees the degree of inbreeding was greater than that for first cousin parents. CONCLUSIONS--This prospective study will allow an assessment to be made about any ill health in childhood arising from parental consanguinity, about whether screening programmes are indicated for particular autosomal recessive diseases, and about whether premarital health education might be beneficial. The study has also documented parental ages in different races and this, together with the levels of parental consanguinity in all races, will be useful in genetic methods for assessing the frequency of recessive genes, the possibility of genetic heterogeneity, and whether or not parental age effect exists for new mutations of specific genetic disorders.
Bundey, S; Alam, H; Kaur, A; Mir, S; Lancashire, R J
Applying Brain-Friendly Instructional Practices
In this article, the author offers advice for principals on working with teachers to change the instructional climate and on how to apply brain-friendly instructions to improve the effectiveness of one's teaching. To lead an entire district toward the use of brain-compatible instruction, the author suggests to start with a group of motivated�
Erlauer-Myrah, Laura
Earnings management by friendly takeover targets
Purpose � Accounting research has emphasized target and bidder managers' incentives to manipulate earnings during corporate control contests. However, prior studies examining earnings management by takeover targets have obtained mixed results. Moreover, the existing evidence is mainly based on US data and hostile mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transactions. The purpose of this study is to examine earnings management by friendly
Walid Ben-Amar; Franck Missonier-Piera
Going Green: Environmentally Friendly Schools Pay Off
The notion of campuses that are energy-efficient and ecologically friendly, and that provide a healthy, productive, comfortable environment for students and staff has been around for some time. But for many educators, green schools have remained more good intention than proven approach, a huge risk that few school leaders could--or would--take.�
LaFee, Scott
NEEM: Network-Friendly Epidemic Multicast
Epidemic, or probabilistic, multicast protocols have emerged as a viable mech- anism to circumvent the scalability problems of reliable multicast protocols. How- ever, most existing epidemic approaches use connectionless transport protocols to exchange messages and rely on the intrinsic robustness of the epidemic dissemina- tion to mask network omissions. Unfortunately, such an approach is not network- friendly, since the epidemic
Jose Pereira; Lu�s Rodrigues; M. Jo�o Monteiro; Rui Carlos Oliveira; Anne-marie Kermarrec; A.-M. Kermarrec
You've Got a Friend.
Describes the fundraising efforts of the Torrey Pines High School (California) library through the formation of a Friends of the Library group. Discusses how to form a nonprofit corporation, making the purchase of new books a priority, increasing the library's visibility, and ideas for fundraising events. (LRW)
Politzer, Linda
Overcoming Friendly Fire: Restructuring High Schools.
Explores high school restructuring efforts under the Kentucky Education Reform Act. Issues of performance-based measures of learning and graduation requirements are discussed. Designing schools with the goal that all students succeed can overcome the friendly fire of cross-purposes in education. (SLD)
Fischetti, John; And Others
Participants in "Friends with Benefits" Relationships
Analysis of survey data from 1013 undergraduates at a large southeastern university revealed that over half (51%) reported experience in a "friends with benefits" relationship. In comparing the background characteristics of participants with nonpartipants in a FWBR, ten statistically significant findings emerged. Findings included that�
Puentes, Jennifer; Knox, David; Zusman, Marty E.
Hospital fundamentals.
Under the current system, orthopaedic trauma surgeons must work in some form of hospital setting as our primary service involves treatment of the trauma patient. We must not forget that just as a trauma center cannot exist without our services, we cannot function without their support. As a result, a clear understanding of the balance between physicians and hospitals is paramount. Historical perspective enables physicians and hospital personnel alike to understand the evolution of hospital-physician relationship. This process should be understood upon completion of this chapter. The relationship between physicians and hospitals is becoming increasingly complex and multiple forms of integration exist such as joint ventures, gain sharing, and co-management agreements. For the surgeon to negotiate well, an understanding of hospital governance and the role of the orthopaedic traumatologist is vital to success. An understanding of the value provided by the traumatologist includes all aspects of care including efficiency, availability, cost effectiveness, and research activities. To create effective and sustainable healthcare institutions, physicians and hospitals must be aligned over a sustained period of time. Unfortunately, external forces have eroded the historical basis for the working relationship between physicians and hospitals. Increased competition and reimbursement cuts, coupled with the increasing demands for quality, efficiency, and coordination and the payment changes outlined in healthcare reform, have left many organizations wondering how to best rebuild the relationship. The principal goal for the physician when partnering with a hospital or healthcare entity is to establish a sustainable model of service line management that protects or advances the physician's ability to make impactful improvements in quality of patient care, decreases in healthcare costs, and improvements in process efficiency through evidence-based practices and protocols. PMID:24918827
Althausen, Peter L; Hill, Austin D; Mead, Lisa
Goals and options in keeping preterm babies warm.
More than 50 years after Silverman showed the association between temperature control and mortality, recent data again stress the importance of the thermal environment of the preterm infant. The goals of care are straightforward: maintain a normal body temperature, ensure a stable thermal environment and avoid cold stress; but the options to achieve them are many and less certain. There is a problem in defining a 'normal' temperature. A single measurement will tell nothing about whether the baby is using energy for thermal balance. The preterm baby should be monitored with the continuous recording and display of a central and peripheral temperature. This will give an early indication of cold stress before any change is seen in the central temperature. Reducing evaporative heat losses at birth has improved temperatures on admission, although no studies have shown any effect on outcome. No data have shown that the use of incubators is any better than radiant heaters. PMID:20488864
Lyon, A J; Freer, Y
Cytomegalovirus infection in Gambian mothers and their babies.
A 15 month longitudinal study of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in 178 Gambian mothers and their babies was undertaken. Twenty five (14%) of the babies were congenitally infected despite the fact that 87% of their mothers were antibody positive to the virus. Two of the 25 congenitally infected infants had evidence of severe neurological damage; skin sepsis was also a prominent feature in congenitally infected infants. The other children soon became infected. At 6 months of age, 53% of the infants were shedding virus either in urine or saliva. By the age of 12 months 86% of the infants had serological evidence of CMV infection. Preliminary evidence suggests that sibling to sibling infection in crowded compounds might be a major route of transmission.
Bello, C; Whittle, H
Mesons, baryons and waves in the baby Skyrmion model
We study various classical solutions of the baby-Skyrmion model in (2+1) dimensions. We point out the existence of higher energy states, interpret them as resonances of Skyrmions and anti-Skyrmions and study their decays. Most of the discussion involves a highly exited Skyrmion-like state with winding number one which decays into an ordinary Skyrmion and a Skyrmion-anti-Skyrmion pair. We also study wave-like solutions of the model and show that some of such solutions can be constructed from the solutions of the sine-Gordon equation. We also show that the baby-Skyrmion model has non-topological stationary solutions. We study their interactions with Skyrmions.
Kudryavtsev, A.; Piette, B.; Zakrzewski, W. J.
Sex and Babies: Pregnant Couples' Postnatal Sexual Concerns
What are pregnant couples' concerns regarding their sexual relationship after their baby's arrival? A study in regard to this question was conducted with five prenatal groups (n = 82). Its results are presented in this article. The sexual concerns are categorized as being about physical matters, psychological issues, adaptation issues, and anticipatory planning. A review of the literature then develops the theoretical interpretation of each of the sexual concerns and offers suggestions for childbirth educators to address some of these issues.
Polomeno, Viola
Axonal injury and the neuropathology of shaken baby syndrome
We examined an autopsy series of 14 children with shaken baby syndrome (SBS) who lacked skull fracture. Evidence of axonal\\u000a injury was sought using immunohistochemical stains for neurofilament, 68-kDa neurofilament and ?-amyloid precursor protein\\u000a (?APP). ?APP-positive axons were present in the cerebral white matter of all cases of SBS but were also present in 6 of 7\\u000a children dying of
P. Shannon; C. R. Smith; J. Deck; L. C. Ang; M. Ho; L. Becker
The Baby Boom and World War II: A Macroeconomic Analysis
We argue that one major cause of the U.S. postwar baby boom was the increased demand for female labour during World War II. We develop a quantitative dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous fertility and female labour-force participation decisions. We use the model to assess the long-term implications of a one-time demand shock for female labour, such as the one
Matthias Doepke; Moshe Hazan; Yishay D. Maoz
Creation and structure of baby universes in monopole collisions
Under certain circumstances, the collision of magnetic monopoles, topologically locked-in regions of false vacuum, leads to topological inflation and the creation of baby universes. The future evolution of initial data represented by the two incoming monopoles may contain a timelike singularity but this need not be the case. We discuss the global structure of the spacetime associated with monopole collisions and also that of topological inflation. We suggest that topological inflation within magnetic monopoles leads to an eternally reproducing universe.
Borde, Arvind; Trodden, Mark; Vachaspati, Tanmay
Health benefits of encore careers for baby boomers.
Baby boomers now represent an aging population group at risk of the diseases of older age. Their relatively high education, amongst other attributes, means that they can make a significant contribution to the work force beyond the statutory retirement age. On an individual level, potential health benefits may motivate them to pursue encore careers. We review some of the evidence supporting such a trend. PMID:24636242
Topiwala, Anya; Patel, Shivani; Ebmeier, Klaus P
A study of prolonged jaundice screen in healthy term babies
Prolonged jaundice in most of the term babies is associated with breast milk but in some cases it can be a marker for a range\\u000a of hepatobiliary, hematological, metabolic, endocrine, infectious and genetic disorders that are associated with significant\\u000a mortality and morbidity if not diagnosed in time. A diagnosis of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia warrants urgent investigation.\\u000a Protocols for investigating prolonged jaundice
Mahendra Kumar Banakar; Anbu Subbarayan
Pulmonary antioxidant concentrations and oxidative damage in ventilated premature babies
Objective: To determine the relation between lipid peroxidation and the antioxidants ascorbate, urate, and glutathione in epithelial lining fluid in ventilated premature babies, and to relate the biochemical findings to clinical outcome. Design: A cohort study conducted between January 1999 and June 2001. Setting: A NHS neonatal intensive care unit. Patients: An opportunity sample of 43 ventilated babies of less than 32 weeks gestation. Main outcome measures: The duration of supplementary oxygen according to the definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; oxygen dependency at 36 weeks gestational age). Methods: Epithelial lining fluid was sampled by bronchoalveolar lavage. Ascorbate, urate, glutathione, and malondialdehyde (a marker of lipid peroxidation) were measured. Results: Babies who developed BPD had significantly lower initial glutathione concentrations (mean (SEM) 1.89 (0.62) v 10.76 (2.79) �M; p� = �0.043) and higher malondialdehyde concentrations (mean (SEM) 1.3 (0.31) v 0.345 (0.09) �M; p�<�0.05) in the epithelial lining fluid than those who were not oxygen dependent. These variables were poor predictors of the development of BPD. Gestational age, endotracheal infection, and septicaemia had good predictive power. The level of oxidative damage was associated with the presence of endotracheal infection/septicaemia rather than inspired oxygen concentration. Conclusions: Endotracheal infection, septicaemia, and gestational age, rather than antioxidant concentrations, are the most powerful predictors of the development of BPD.
Collard, K; Godeck, S; Holley, J; Quinn, M
[Epidemiological aspects of cytomegalovirus infection in babies aged under one].
Sreening data obtained on babies aged under one and selected by random (1,910 children) or target (2,658 children) choice for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during the period of 10 years (1992-2001) were compared with mortality rate. The methods used were enzyme immunoassay, immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction. The babies were divided as follows: newborn infants (group I), babies aged 1-3 months (group II), 4-6 months (group III) and 7-12 months (group IV). Specific clinical features of CMV infection in newborn infants were studied on 69 cases (37--with CMV monoinfection and 32--with mixed infection). The serological screening revealed a 2.1-fold growth of the infection rate among randomly selected newborn infants during the 10 year period. Positive correlation between the infection rate among children of this age group and the neonatal mortality rate was established. High risk factors of CMV infection were revealed as well as increased infection rate and frequency of clinical cases with the prevailing neurological pathology in group III. Early diagnosis, the exclusion of mixed infections and early adequate therapy were shown to play a decisive role in the outcome of the disease. The algorithm of epidemiological surveillance and the regional program of prophylaxis were worked out. PMID:15554308
Dolgikh, T I; Dalmatov, V V; Gashina, E A; Stasenko, V L; Kosykh, N I; Kmito, N L; Pakhalkova, E V
[Refractory status epilepticus presenting as shaken baby syndrome].
INTRODUCTION. A convulsive status in infants is usually triggered by a febrile syndrome secondary to an intercurrent infection or an infection affecting the central nervous system. Shaken baby syndrome is characterised by its association with bilateral or multifocal haemorrhage, retinal haemorrhage and encephalopathy. Children under one year old are the group with the highest risk, with a maximum incidence reaching a peak between 10 and 16 weeks of age. Intercurrent processes, such as baby colic or febrile syndromes that tend to step up crying, are usually precipitating factors of shaking. CASE REPORTS. We present the cases of two infants who began with a status epilepticus within a context of a febrile syndrome. Imaging tests revealed bilateral subdural haematomas in different stage of progress and bilateral retinal haemorrhages were observed in the fundus oculi of both children. CONCLUSIONS. In a child with an unspecific febrile process that develops a convulsive status, the professional should suspect, in addition to more usual problems, shaken baby syndrome as a possible causation, above all if the child is under six months old. PMID:24915031
Fernandez-Menendez, A; Buenache-Espartosa, R; Coca-Perez, A; Morillo-Carnero, P; Martinez-San Millan, J; Lorenzo-Sanz, G
Comparative satisfaction. HHS'first release of hospital patient-satisfaction data reveals that hospitals need to do more to earn top scores from their customers.
PatientS delivered a grim assessment last week in survey data, saying only 67% would recommend their hospitals 10 friends or family. But Louis Shapim, left, from the Hospital for Special Surgery says he is concerned about the accuracy of the HCAHPS data because otherwis, "transparency isn't good, it doesn't add any value" PMID:18464443
DerGurahian, Jean
What Are Friends For? Students' Expectations of the Friendship Encounter.
Examines factors contributing to a person's desire to talk to a friend about personal problems. Results suggest that students value genuine, accepting, confrontive friends whom they can trust. In contrast, the expectancies that counselors are directive, expert, tolerant, and trustworthy are higher than those for the friend. (Author)
Parham, William D.; Tinsley, Howard E.A.
More Colleges Are Adding Family-Friendly Benefits
Results of a new survey of family-friendly benefits by the Center for the Education of Women at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor show that stopping the tenure clock has become the most common family-friendly benefit in higher education, following paid maternity leave. Other family-friendly policies that top the list in academe allow�
Wilson, Robin
Friends of Survivors: The Community Impact of Unwanted Sexual Experiences
Since sexual assault survivors are most likely to disclose their experiences to a friend; prevention efforts increasingly focus on friends as informal helpers. The current study examined friends' perceptions of the disclosure experience. Undergraduates (N = 1,241) at the University of New Hampshire completed a shortened version of the Ahrens and�
Banyard, Victoria L.; Moynihan, Mary M.; Walsh, Wendy A.; Cohn, Ellen S.; Ward, Sally
Similarities between Friends and Nonfriends in Middle Childhood.
Assessed similarities between 192 target children and their friends and nonfriends. Found that children and friends were more similar to one another than nonfriends across the dataset. Friendship similarities were greater in antisocial behavior than in other domains. Similarities between friends in sociometric status and size of the friendship�
Haselager, Gerbert J. T.; Hartup, Willard W.; van Lieshout, Cornelis F. M.; Riksen-Walraven, J. Marianne A.
The Role of Competence in Children's Creation of Imaginary Friends.
The function of children's imaginary friends was investigated from the perspective of perceived competence. Teachers judged children with imaginary friends to be less competent and socially accepted by peers than other children. Children's descriptions of themselves and their imaginary friends revealed significant gender differences in the types�
Harter, Susan; Chao, Christine
Associations between friends' disordered eating and muscle-enhancing behaviors
Dieting, unhealthy weight control and muscle-enhancing behaviors are common among adolescents: friends are a probable source of influence on these behaviors. The present study uses data provided by nominated friends to examine associations between friends' disordered eating and muscle-enhancing behaviors and participants' own behaviors in a diverse sample of American youth. Male and female adolescents (mean age = 14.4) completed surveys and identified their friends from a class roster; friends' survey data were then linked to each participant. Participants (N = 2126) who had at least one nominated friend were included in the analytic sample. Independent variables were created using the same weight control and muscle-enhancing behaviors reported by nominated friends, and were used in logistic regression models to test associations between participants' and their friends' behaviors, stratified by gender. Results indicated that dieting, disordered eating and muscle-enhancing behaviors were common in this sample, and selected friends' behaviors were associated with the same behaviors in participants. For example, girls whose friends reported extreme weight control behaviors had significantly greater odds of using these behaviors than girls whose friends did not report these same behaviors (OR = 2.39). This research suggests that friends' weight- and shape-related behaviors are a feature of social relationships, and is the first report demonstrating these associations for muscle-enhancing behaviors. Capitalizing on the social element may be important to the development of increasingly effective intervention and prevention programs.
Eisenberg, Marla E.; Wall, Melanie; Shim, Jin Joo; Bruening, Meg; Loth, Katie; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne
FACOPT: a user friendly FACility layout OPTimization system
The facility layout problem is a well-researched one. However, few effective and user friendly approaches have been proposed. Since it is an NP hard problem, various optimization approaches for small problems and heuristic approaches for the larger problems have been proposed. For the most part the more effective algorithms are not user friendly. On the other hand, user-friendly methods have
Jaydeep Balakrishnan; Chun-Hung Cheng; Kam-fai Wong
Finding Close Friends on the Internet
We consider the problem of finding nearby application-peers(close friends) over the Internet. We focus on unicast-only solutions and introduce a new scheme � Beaconing� for finding peers that are near. Our scheme uses distance measurement points (called bea- cons) and can be implemented entirely in the application-layer without investing in large infrastructure changes. We present an extensive evaluation of Beaconing
Christopher Kommareddy; Narendar Shankar; Bobby Bhattacharjee
Robot-friendly connector. [space truss structures
Robot friendly connectors, which, in one aspect, are truss joints with two parts, a receptacle and a joint, are presented. The joints have a head which is loosely inserted into the receptacle and is then tightened and aligned. In one aspect, the head is a rounded hammerhead which initially is enclosed in the receptacle with sloppy fit provided by the shape, size, and configuration of surfaces on the head and on the receptacle.
Parma, George F. (inventor); Vandeberghe, Mark H. (inventor); Ruiz, Steve C. (inventor)
Soil-friendly off-road suspension
The article investigates the potential of controlled vehicle suspension for off-road vehicles. The primary question is whether the controlled vehicle suspension can reduce the deformation of the deformable off-road (soil) and can become a soil-friendly suspension. The article represents the preliminary study of this problem, in the sense that the realistic but simple models for the vehicle, the tyre�off-road contact,
M. Valasek; J. Sveda; Z. Sika
Design of pedestrian friendly vehicle bumper
Car-pedestrian accidents take thousands of lives worldwide annually. Therefore, pedestrian protection is an important issue\\u000a in traffic safety. How to consider a pedestrian friendliness vehicle and then propose pedestrian protection methods are urgent\\u000a works for minimizing pedestrian injury. For designing a pedestrian friendly vehicle bumper, this study adopts the European\\u000a Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee\\/ Working Group 17 (EEVC\\/WG17) regulations of legform
Tso-Liang Teng; Van-Luc Ngo; Trong-Hai Nguyen
An innovative simplified MCH score for assessing the ideal babies in well baby shows of postpartum outreach programme.
In India, a simple scoring method was used to select winners at 18 well-baby shows over the last five years in low-income areas of Kotla Mubarakpur and Gautam Nagar, in the Rajeev Gandhi Resettlement Colony, in jhuggi jhopri clusters around the All Institute of Medical Sciences (AAIMS) in New Delhi, and in the Bangladeshi refugee colony (Kidwai Nagar). The parameters used to select ideal babies were parents' age at marriage and educational status, mother's age at first birth, number of living children in relation to marriage duration, immunization status of living children, birth interval, contraceptive use, and routine criteria on general health and hygiene. Winners were chosen among infants, toddlers (1-2 years), and preschool children (2-5). Health promotional activities, maternal and child health (MCH) services, and family planning (FP) services were featured at the health camps where the well-baby shows occurred. 60-90 children and 100-2000 couples participated in the well-baby shows. Health workers explained to parents of children with a poor score why their children had a poor score. At the health camps, parents adopted FP methods and had their children immunized, regardless of score, so as to improve their score for the next show and to win prizes. The well-baby scores improved over time (24.64-31.2 for Kotla Mubarakpur, 19-24.6 for Gautam Nagar, 20.9-22.4 for Rajeev Gandhi, 20.6-23.6 for AIIMS jhuggi, and 13.6-21.4 for Kidwai Nagar). A weekly clinic operating in Kotla Mubarakpur accounted for the high initial mean score. Gautam Nagar had only periodic health services. A weekly mobile health van provided services in the Rajeev Gandhi colony. Door to door contacts were conducted in the jhuggi jhopri clusters to promote MCH/FP services. The scoring method reinforced integration of MCH/FP services. It allowed local health workers to make rapid analyses and MCH decision making. It also served as a tool to monitor the efficacy of local MCH/FP services. PMID:12319818
Anandalakshmy, P N; Mittal, S
�But there are no such things as water-babies.��How do you know that? Have you been there to see? And if you had been there to see, and had seen none, that would not prove that there was none. And no one has a right to say no water-babies exist till they have seen no water-babies existing; which is quite a
David M. Williams; Geraldine Reid
Percutaneous catheterisation of the radial artery in newborn babies using transillumination.
A technique for inserting radial artery catheters percutaneously in newborn babies using transillumination is described. Catheterisation was successful in 69% of the 107 babies in whom it was attempted. In the last 30 attempts there was an 85% success rate with an average useful life of 100 hours. The average weight of these babies was 1405 g, with a range of 620--4250 g. The method has several advantages over previous methods. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4
Pearse, R G
Protective effect of vitamin E (DL-alpha-tocopherol) against intraventricular haemorrhage in premature babies
Forty four babies, of less than 32 weeks' gestation, were either randomly given 25 mg\\/kg vitamin E (DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate) intramuscularly after birth (day 0) and on days 1, 2, and 3 or served as controls. Frequent real time ultrasound examinations of the brain were made in each baby during the first week and less frequently thereafter. In babies under 32
M L Chiswick; M Johnson; C Woodhall; M Gowland; J Davies; N Toner; D G Sims
Neonatal anthropometry: the thin�fat Indian baby. The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
OBJECTIVE: To examine body size and fat measurements of babies born in rural India and compare them with white Caucasian babies born in an industrialised country.DESIGN: Community-based observational study in rural India, and comparison with data from an earlier study in the UK, measured using similar methods.SUBJECTS: A total of 631 term babies born in six rural villages, near the
C S Yajnik; C H D Fall; K J Coyaji; S S Hirve; S Rao; D J P Barker; C Joglekar; S Kellingray
Production, quality evaluation and storage stability of vegetable protein-based baby foods
Studies on the preparation of highly nutritious, soy-based baby food have been carried out. Soymilk was prepared and different formulations of baby food, based on soymilk and cereals, such as rice, wheat and corn, were finalized. Physico-chemical characteristics, biological, microbiological and shelf-life studies of the prepared products were carried out. Baby foods prepared from soymilk with corn, soymilk with rice
S. Wadud; H. Abid; H. Ara; S. Kosar; W. H. Shah
Baby Schema in Infant Faces Induces Cuteness Perception and Motivation for Caretaking in Adults.
Ethologist Konrad Lorenz proposed that baby schema ('Kindchenschema') is a set of infantile physical features such as the large head, round face and big eyes that is perceived as cute and motivates caretaking behavior in other individuals, with the evolutionary function of enhancing offspring survival. Previous work on this fundamental concept was restricted to schematic baby representations or correlative approaches. Here, we experimentally tested the effects of baby schema on the perception of cuteness and the motivation for caretaking using photographs of infant faces. Employing quantitative techniques, we parametrically manipulated the baby schema content to produce infant faces with high (e.g. round face and high forehead), and low (e. g. narrow face and low forehead) baby schema features that retained all the characteristics of a photographic portrait. Undergraduate students (n = 122) rated these infants' cuteness and their motivation to take care of them. The high baby schema infants were rated as more cute and elicited stronger motivation for caretaking than the unmanipulated and the low baby schema infants. This is the first experimental proof of the baby schema effects in actual infant faces. Our findings indicate that the baby schema response is a critical function of human social cognition that may be the basis of caregiving and have implications for infant-caretaker interactions. PMID:22267884
Glocker, Melanie L; Langleben, Daniel D; Ruparel, Kosha; Loughead, James W; Gur, Ruben C; Sachser, Norbert
An Exploratory Investigation of Some Statistical Summaries of Oximeter Oxygen Saturation Data from Preterm Babies
Aim. To explore the potential usefulness of the mean, standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV = SD/mean) of oximeter oxygen saturations in the clinical care of preterm babies. Methods. This was an exploratory investigation involving 31 preterm babies at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. All babies were healthy, but two were considered to be clinically unstable and required greater attention. Each baby's oxygen saturations were recorded using an oximeter and summarized by the mean, SD, and CV. The potential usefulness of each measure was assessed by its ability to distinguish the two unstable babies from the others. This was achieved using box plots and hierarchical clustering together with the Calinski-Harabasz (CH) index to quantify clustering performance (higher CH index indicates stronger clustering outcome). Results. The box plots flagged both unstable babies as outliers and none of the other babies. Successful clustering of the stable and unstable babies was achieved using the CV (CH = 72.8) and SD (CH = 63.3) but not with the mean. Conclusion. Taking the box plots and clustering results together, it seems plausible that variability might be more effective than mean level for detecting instability in oxygen saturation in preterm babies and that the combination of variability and level through the CV might be even better.
Lee, Dominic S.; Zahari, Marina; Russell, Glynn; Darlow, Brian A.; Scarrott, Carl J.; Reale, Marco
Mobile health evaluation methods: the Text4baby case study.
Mobile phones have been shown effective in several public health domains. However, there are few evaluations of the effectiveness of mobile health in health promotion. Also, although many studies have referenced behavioral theory, none appears to have explicitly tested theoretical assumptions or demonstrated mechanisms of change. More robust evaluation models that incorporate theory and measurement of behavioral mediators are needed. As in all public health programs, mobile health operates within a social ecological context. For example, organizational- and individual-level programs seek to influence health and health care practices and individual health behaviors. New programs such as Text4baby demonstrate how theory and explicit testing of mediators can be incorporated in evaluations. There are challenges and opportunities facing mHealth evaluations given the nature of the mobile channel. Mobile communication is ubiquitous, available at all times and places, and thus experimental control is often difficult. Natural experiments using variation in dosage of mHealth and place- or location-based designs may increase experimental control. Text4baby is a text messaging program that provides prenatal care messages to pregnant women and new mothers. It uses a partnership model with health care facilities often serving as local implementation partners. The authors review a case example of the evaluation of Text4baby at Madigan Army Medical Center. Participants were randomized to usual prenatal care plus text messaging or usual care alone. The evaluation has a theoretical model of behavior change and measures mediators as well as behavioral outcomes. Results will inform how behavioral theory works within mobile health programs. PMID:22548595
Evans, W Douglas; Abroms, Lorien C; Poropatich, Ronald; Nielsen, Peter E; Wallace, Jasmine L
The Case of the Crying Baby Surgical vs. Medical Management
The parents of a six-week-old baby girl know there is something seriously wrong with their child, but it takes a number of frustrating visits to the pediatrician before they finally get a correct diagnosis. Once they do, the parents must decide whether they want to seek a surgical solution or rely on a course of medical treatment for their daughter. Best suited for classes in pharmacology, nursing, or medicine, this case could also be used in a basic biology or anatomy course.
Mergenhagen, Kari A.
Study of young people attending an adolescent friendly centre.
Adolescents are the individuals between the ages of 10 and 19 years and the youth are those between the ages of 15 to 24 years. World Health Organisation has therefore defined young people as individuals between the age group of 10 to 24 years. In our country Adolescents comprise more than one fifth (22%) of the total population. Therefore Family Health Division, Ministry of Health, established an adolescent friendly centre at Bir Hospital on 5th January 2002. This paper has tried to study and analyse the young population attending this centre at a fixed period of time. This study was carried out to a. Find out the total number of adolescents. b. Estimate their male: female ratio. c. Find out their ethnicity, address, marital status, education, and occupation d. Learn what Health and Development problems these young people have. This is a cross sectional study done at Bir Hospital adolescent friendly centre for a period of one year. All young people (adolescents and youths) coming to this centre within the specified period are included in this study. OPD register was used to collect the data, which was obtained and analysed manually. Total of 956 young people were provided healthcare and counselling services from this centre. Out of them, only 9.21 % were males. 887 (92.78%) of this population are adolescents, 69 (7.22%) are from 19 to 24 years age group and 880 (92.05%) of them are youth. Majority (28.56%) were Brahmins. 313 (32.74%) of these people were from outside the valley. 9 (10.23%) out of 88 boys and 384 (79.34%) out of 484 girls were married. 1.14% of boys and 14.63% of girls were illiterate. 4.55% of boys and 14.17% of girls had not completed the studies of standard five. 17.05% of boys and 47% of girls had not completed their school. 81.82% of boys and 38.36% of girls had joined the college. It also showed that 521 (54.50%) of these young people are students but 35.94% of girls are housewives. 278 (32.03%) girls presented with menstrual problems and 22.12% (192) came with pregnancy related problems and 15.27 % of these young people presented with the symptoms of various infections Twenty six (3%) girls came with features of anaemia and 22 (2.53%) girls had dropped in for family planning services. 20 (2.09%) of these young people had some psychological problem (mainly anxiety) and 9.62% of them had various types of skin problems. Adolescent friendly centre can play a vital role to support and help a good number of adolescents of the society. Key words: Adolescents, youths, and young people. PMID:16388244
Karki, C
Patrick C. Steptoe: laparoscopy, sterilization, the test-tube baby, and mass media.
In the late 1950s, Patrick C. Steptoe, a British gynecologist, established contact with Palmer of Paris and Frangenheim of Wuppertal, Germany, and studied laparoscopic technique under the tutelage of these pioneers. Despite the negative attitude among his colleagues, Steptoe soon became one of the most innovative researchers in the field of abdominal endoscopy, particularly laparoscopic sterilization. In the late 1960s, Steptoe began working with Robert Edwards, an embryologist, and launched an in-vitro fertilization project obtaining eggs by means of laparoscopy. Both researchers experienced years of frustration, disappointment, ethical and scientific criticism as well as a difficult relationship with the mass media. Finally, in July 1978, Louise Brown, the first test-tube baby, was born in England. Like many of his colleagues in the 1950s and 1960s, Patrick Christopher Steptoe (1913-1988), a gynecologist in Oldham, Great Britain, was concerned about the number of unnecessary laparotomies. Unfortunately, the Oldham group of hospitals was not a university clinic and Steptoe had scanty opportunity to develop his own research. In the late 1950s, he searched the medical literature for an alternative form of examination and came across publications about Decker's culdoscopy, the vaginal approach to view of the abdomen. Since this method was not widespread in England, Steptoe, in 1958, went to Montreal, Boston, and New York in order to observe and learn the practical use of culdoscopy. However, Steptoe left America disappointed. PMID:9876723
Litynski, G S
Patrick C. Steptoe: Laparoscopy, Sterilization, the Test-Tube Baby, and Mass Media
In the late 1950s, Patrick C. Steptoe, a British gynecologist, established contact with Palmer of Paris and Frangenheim of Wuppertal, Germany, and studied laparoscopic technique under the tutelage of these pioneers. Despite the negative attitude among his colleagues, Steptoe soon became one of the most innovative researchers in the field of abdominal endoscopy, particularly laparoscopic sterilization. In the late 1960s, Steptoe began working with Robert Edwards, an embryologist, and launched an in-vitro fertilization project obtaining eggs by means of laparoscopy. Both researchers experienced years of frustration, disappointment, ethical and scientific criticism as well as a difficult relationship with the mass media. Finally, in July 1978, Louise Brown, the first test-tube baby, was born in England. Like many of his colleagues in the 1950s and 1960s, Patrick Christopher Steptoe (1913-1988), a gynecologist in Oldham, Great Britain, was concerned about the number of unnecessary laparotomies. Unfortunately, the Oldham group of hospitals was not a university clinic and Steptoe had scanty opportunity to develop his own research. In the late 1950s, he searched the medical literature for an alternative form of examination and came across publications about Decker's culdoscopy, the vaginal approach to view the abdomen. Since this method was not widespread in England, Steptoe, in 1958, went to Montreal, Boston, and New York in order to observe and learn the practical use of culdoscopy. However, Steptoe left America disappointed.1
Litynski, Grzegorz S.
Microbiota, immunoregulatory old friends and psychiatric disorders.
Regulation of the immune system is an important function of the gut microbiota. Increasing evidence suggests that modern living conditions cause the gut microbiota to deviate from the form it took during human evolution. Contributing factors include loss of helminth infections, encountering less microbial biodiversity, and modulation of the microbiota composition by diet and antibiotic use. Thus the gut microbiota is a major mediator of the hygiene hypothesis (or as we prefer, "Old Friends" mechanism), which describes the role of organisms with which we co-evolved, and that needed to be tolerated, as crucial inducers of immunoregulation. At least partly as a consequence of reduced exposure to immunoregulatory Old Friends, many but not all of which resided in the gut, high-income countries are undergoing large increases in a wide range of chronic inflammatory disorders including allergies, autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel diseases. Depression, anxiety and reduced stress resilience are comorbid with these conditions, or can occur in individuals with persistently raised circulating levels of biomarkers of inflammation in the absence of clinically apparent peripheral inflammatory disease. Moreover poorly regulated inflammation during pregnancy might contribute to brain developmental abnormalities that underlie some cases of autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. In this chapter we explain how the gut microbiota drives immunoregulation, how faulty immunoregulation and inflammation predispose to psychiatric disease, and how psychological stress drives further inflammation via pathways that involve the gut and microbiota. We also outline how this two-way relationship between the brain and inflammation implicates the microbiota, Old Friends and immunoregulation in the control of stress resilience. PMID:24997041
Rook, Graham A W; Raison, Charles L; Lowry, Christopher A
A customer-friendly Space Station
This paper discusses the relationship of customers to the Space Station Program currently being defined by NASA. Emphasis is on definition of the Program such that the Space Station will be conducive to use by customers, that is by people who utilize the services provided by the Space Station and its associated platforms and vehicles. Potential types of customers are identified. Scenarios are developed for ways in which different types of customers can utilize the Space Station. Both management and technical issues involved in making the Station 'customer friendly' are discussed.
Pivirotto, D. S.
Wakuzulu: Friends of the Colobus Trust
Wakuzulu: Friends of the Colobus Trust is a not-for-profit organization based in Kenya dedicated to the "conservation, preservation, and protection of primates, in particular the Angolan Black and White Colobus monkey." Wakuzulu's extensive homepage features the latest updates on the Colobus population in the Diani area, as well as detailed information about the organization's projects and initiatives. First time visitors may wish to check out the section titled Diani's Primates, which offers an excellent introduction to Colobus monkeys and other species in the area.
Bayesian Auctions with Friends and Foes
We study auctions whose bidders are embedded in a social or economic network. As a result, even bidders who do not win the auction themselves might derive utility from the auction, namely, when a friend wins. On the other hand, when an enemy or competitor wins, a bidder might derive negative utility. Such spite and altruism will alter the bidding strategies. A simple and natural model for bidders� utilities in these settings posits that the utility of a losing bidder i as a result of bidder j winning is a constant (positive or negative) fraction of bidder j�s utility.
Chen, Po-An; Kempe, David
Measuring prenatal secondhand smoke exposure in mother-baby couplets
Introduction: Pregnant women often underreport their smoking status and extent of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Biomarker confirmation is the recommended method to assess smoking behaviors and SHS exposure in both mothers and infants. Objectives: The primary aims are to (a) examine the relationship between smoking behaviors and SHS exposure in mother�baby couplets using maternal and infant hair nicotine and maternal urine cotinine analyses and (b) determine whether there is an association between maternal and infant hair nicotine samples obtained shortly after birth. Discussion: A cross-sectional study with a multiethnic sample of 210 mother�baby couplets assessing SHS exposure. Results: The level of maternal hair nicotine (MHN) was significantly different among three groups: nonsmoking, nonsmoking/passive exposed, and smoking (p < .0001), with nonsmoking and nonexposed women having the lowest level. Urine cotinine was strongly associated with self-reported smoking status (? = .88; p < .0001). Maternal and infant hair nicotine were correlated, although MHN correlated more strongly with smoking status (? = .46, p < .0001) than infant hair nicotine (? = .39, p < .0001). Conclusions: MHN was a more precise biomarker of prenatal SHS exposure than infant hair nicotine; mothers� urine cotinine was strongly correlated with self-reported smoking status.
Hahn, Ellen; Hall, Lynne; Rayens, Mary K.; Noland, Melody; Collins, Rebecca
Shaken baby syndrome: pathogenetic mechanism, clinical features and preventive aspects.
The shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is an extremely serious form of child abuse and a leading cause of death and disability in childhood. The syndrome usually occurs in infants younger than 1 year when a parent or a care-giver tries to stop the baby from crying by vigorous manual shaking. The repetitive oscillations with rotational acceleration of the head can result in injuries of both vascular and neuronal structures. The most frequent injuries associated with SBS include encephalopathy, retinal hemorrhages, and subdural hemorrhage. Fractures of the vertebrae, long bones, and ribs may also be associated with the syndrome. Victims of abuse have various presenting signs and symptoms ranging from irritability, decreased responsiveness and lethargy to convulsions, and death. Diagnosis is often difficult because usually parents or caregivers not tell the truth about what has happened to their child and because usually there is no external evidence of trauma. However, the syndrome might be suspected if the information provided are vague or changing and when the child presents with retinal hemorrhages, subdural hematoma, or fractures that cannot be explained by accidental trauma or other medical conditions. Of infants who are victims of SBS, approximately 15% to 38% die and 30% are at risk of long-term neurologic sequelae, including cognitive and behavioural disturbances, motor and visual deficits, learning deficits and epilepsy. Parents and caregivers must be warned about the dangers of shaking infants. PMID:23108326
Vitale, A; Vicedomini, D; Vega, G R; Greco, N; Messi, G
Plasma vitamin K1 in mothers and their newborn babies.
Plasma vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) was assayed in normal adults and pregnant women at term and their babies by a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean plasma concentration in 30 healthy, fasting adults was 0.26 ng/ml (range 0.10-0.66). 8 out of 9 healthy mothers at term had a mean K1 concentration of 0.20 ng/ml (range 0.13-0.29), but K1 was not detected in the cord plasma of their babies. 1 mg vitamin K1 given intravenously to 6 mothers shortly before delivery raised their plasma K1 to 45-93 ng/ml: K1 was then detectable in the cord plasma of 4 of the 6 infants but at a much lower concentration which did not exceed 0.14 ng/ml. The large concentration gradient between maternal and neonatal plasma suggests that vitamin K1 does not cross the placenta readily or that the uptake by fetal plasma is low, perhaps because of low levels of a binding lipoprotein. The low levels of vitamin K in the cord plasma of the normal newborn would explain "physiological" hypoprothrombinaemia and suggest the need to reassess current clinical practice in respect of vitamin K prophylaxis in the early neonatal period. PMID:6125638
Shearer, M J; Rahim, S; Barkhan, P; Stimmler, L
Temperature drop in normal term newborn infants born at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur.
A prospective study of temperature drop in 141 normal term newborn infants delivered vaginally at the labour ward, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur were studied. The effect of various manoeuvres on the temperature drop were also studied. They were randomized into 3 study groups, 63 cases where the babies were wiped with dry cloth alone, 37 cases where the babies were put into a plastic bag immediately after birth and lastly 41 cases where the babies were wiped with dry cloth and then inserted into a plastic bag. There was significant temperature drop in all the 3 groups maximum in the first 15 minutes and the fall continued for 1 hour after delivery (p less than 0.001). This shows that in an air-conditioned labour ward in a tropical country the temperature fall in newborn infants can be significant. This study also showed that plastic is a poor insulator against significant temperature drop. PMID:1520194
Raman, S; Shahla, A
Virtual Hospital
Provided and maintained by the University of Iowa Health Care, the Virtual Hospital is designed as a "medical reference and health promotion tool for health care providers and patients." To that end, the site offers current and authoritative medical information for patients and professional and pedagogical information for health care providers. The former includes patient educational briefs browseable by organ system or by a topical list, a collection of peer-reviewed and annotated Web resources, an internal search engine, and archives of a column offering medical advice to middle-aged users. Resources in the health care provider section include several digital libraries aimed at certain specialties (Pediatrics, Pediatric Radiology, Family Medicine, and Medical Student); multimedia textbooks and teaching files grouped by organ system; lectures and publications; and clinical practice guidelines. Additional resources at the site include links to the Virtual Children's and Virtual Naval Hospitals, an internal search engine, and online continuing education courses.
Basics about Babies' Brain Development = Los basicos del desarrollo del cerebro.
This brochure for parents, in English- and Spanish-language versions, provides facts about infants' brains and offers suggestions for parents to help their baby's development by providing experiences to stimulate neural development. The facts are: (1) a baby's brain needs many different experiences to be nourished, such as being talked or sung to�
Southeastern Regional Vision for Education (SERVE), Tallahassee, FL.
Design and implementation of baby-care service based on context-awareness for digital home
In this paper, we design and implement baby-care service based on context-awareness in digital home, where sensors are widespread for collecting raw data and a home server exists for triggering automatic services according to the baby's situation. We describe a scenario and techniques, design and implement system architecture and service flows for this service. Using our scheme, we can take
HyunJeong Lee; Shin Young Lim; JaeDoo Huh
Infants' Attention to Synthesised Baby Music and Original Acoustic Music
The distinct music genre known as baby music is based on the premise that infants benefit from music "re-orchestrated for their little ears" ("Baby Einstein Takealong Tunes". (2012). Retrieved December 11, 2012, from http://www.babyeinstein.com/en/products/product_explorer/theme/music/62350/Takealong_Tunes.html). We completed a�
Merkow, Carla H.; Costa-Giomi, Eugenia
The Acceptability of Home Monitoring Technology Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Baby Boomers
This pilot study investigated the willingness of two generational cohorts (current baby boomers and older adults) to accept home monitoring technology. Thirty individuals (15 baby boomers and 15 older adults) of both genders and living in the community participated in structured, mixed methods interviews. The participants' opinions and views on various technologies (e.g., personal emergency response systems, fall detection systems)
Alex Mihailidis; Amy Cockburn; Catherine Longley; Jennifer Boger
Retinal Hemorrhages and Shaken Baby Syndrome: An Evidence-Based Review
Background: Among the causes of non-accidental head injury (NAHI), shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is difficult to diagnose and is associated with retinal hemorrhages (RH). Description: To identify findings and patterns of RH specific to SBS, a PubMed search using the keywords �shaken baby syndrome� or �child abuse� and �retinal hemorrhage� was conducted; 66 articles met the inclusion criteria. The published
Brandon M. Togioka; Meghan A. Arnold; Melinda A. Bathurst; Susan M. Ziegfeld; Rosemary Nabaweesi; Paul M. Colombani; David C. Chang; Fizan Abdullah
The Idea of Temperament: Does It Help Parents to Understand Their Babies?
This article examines whether the idea of "temperament" is a useful construct for families to understand babies' and toddlers' behavior. The author suggests that "regulatory skill" may be a more neutral term than temperament for parents and practitioners to use in discussing individual differences among babies and toddlers and suggests that�
Blackwell, Patricia L.
Baby Boomers Attending a Community College: Influences, Challenges, and Social Networks
The purpose of this qualitative research study was to determine how Baby Boomers make meaning out of disorientating dilemmas and challenges as they enroll in community college for career training. The dilemmas include: retirement, layoffs, shrinking job market, returning to school, and dwindling retirement accounts. Understanding Baby Boomers'�
Peters, Nancy
Fake science and bogus bioethics: medical research frauds against premature babies
The epidemic of baby-blinding retinopathy of prematurity continues because of several blatantly rigged clinical trials. Misled neonatologists with- hold life-saving breathing help from premature babies because of one eugenics-inspired fraudulent study from fifty years ago that was never repli- cated but was used to disguise an euthanasia program designed to eliminate preemies with a wrongly postulated \\
H. Peter Aleff
9 CFR 381.157 - Canned boned poultry and baby or geriatric food.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...2000-01-01 2000-01-01 false Canned boned poultry and baby or geriatric food. 381.157 Section 381.157 Animals...Identity or Composition § 381.157 Canned boned poultry and baby or geriatric food. (a) Canned boned poultry shall,...
...1998-01-01 1998-01-01 false Canned boned poultry and baby or geriatric food. 381.157 Section 381.157 MANDATORY...Identity or Composition § 381.157 Canned boned poultry and baby or geriatric food. (a) Canned boned poultry...
...1999-01-01 1999-01-01 false Canned boned poultry and baby or geriatric food. 381.157 Section 381.157 FOOD...Identity or Composition § 381.157 Canned boned poultry and baby or geriatric food. (a) Canned boned poultry shall,...
...1997-01-01 1997-01-01 false Canned boned poultry and baby or geriatric food. 381.157 Section 381.157 MANDATORY...Identity or Composition § 381.157 Canned boned poultry and baby or geriatric food. (a) Canned boned poultry...
Age and Sex Differences in Children's Responses to Babies: Effects of Adult's Caretaking Requests and Instructions.
In a double-baseline design, children were observed first after being asked to take care of a baby then after watching a male or female adult demonstrate appropriate interactions with the baby. Younger and older day care children (between 30 and 63 months old) participated. (Author/RH)
Berman, Phyllis W.; Goodman, Vickie
"Wanting It Now": Baby Boomers and the Public Library of the Future
Baby boomers are epitomised by the phrase "wanting it now". This large group of the population is better educated, more technologically literate, generally wealthier than any previous generation and has high expectations of quality services and products. Just as they have led other social revolutions, baby boomers are expected to revolutionise the�
Williamson, Kirsty; Bannister, Marion; Makin, Lynne; Johanson, Graeme; Schauder, Don; Sullivan, Jen
Mercury in first-cut baby hair of children with autism versus typically-developing children
Children with autism were examined to determine amounts of mercury (Hg) in their baby hair and the factors that might affect Hg body burden. US children with autism (n�=�78) and matched controls (n�=�31) born between 1988 and 1999 were studied. Hg in first-cut baby hair was determined using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS). Twenty samples were split and also
J. B. Adams; J. Romdalvik; K. E. Levine; L.-W. Hu
Parental Perception of a Baby Sign Workshop on Stress and Parent-Child Interaction
Introduction: Baby sign language is gaining in popularity. However, research has indicated a lack of empirical research supporting its use. In addition, research suggests that baby sign training may increase stress levels in parents. Methods: Nine families with children ranging in age from six months to two years; five months participated in a�
Mueller, Vannesa; Sepulveda, Amanda
Vocal Development of 9-Month-Old Babies with Cleft Palate.
This study compared the prelinguistic vocal development of 30 9- month-old babies with unrepaired cleft palate and age-matched peers (N=15). Fewer of the babies with cleft palate had reached the canonical babbling stage (57 percent versus 93 percent) and had smaller consonant inventories. However, syllable types and length and number of�
Chapman, Kathy L.; Hardin-Jones, Mary; Schulte, Julie; Halter, Kelli Ann
Invited Commentary: The Baby Boom Echo Goes to College--by the Millions.
The "Projections" report finds that the population surge of children of the baby boom ("baby boom echo") has moved into the high school and postsecondary education spheres. To be effective, education policies at all levels must reflect the changes in student enrollment predicted in the "Projections." Focuses on teachers and facilities,�
Riley, Richard W.
Umbilical arteries of babies born to cigarette smokers generate less prostacyclin and contain less arginine and citrulline compared with those of babies born to control subjects
OBJECTIVE: The hyposthesis of this study was that umbilical arteries of babies born to smoking mothers produce less nitric oxide and prostacyclin than do those of nonsmoking mothers.STUDY DESIGN:l-Arginine, l-citrulline, l-cysteine, and prostacyclin were measured in the umbilical arteries of 11 babies born to smoking mothers and 16 infants born to nonsmoking controls. The concentrations in the two groups were
Martin R. Ulm; Barbara Pl�ckinger; Christian Pirich; Ryszard J. Gryglewski; Helmut F. Sinzinger
Organic Foods: Do Eco-Friendly Attitudes Predict Eco-Friendly Behaviors?
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether student awareness and attitudes about organic foods would predict their behaviors with regard to organic food consumption and other healthy lifestyle practices. A secondary purpose was to determine whether attitudes about similar eco-friendly practices would result in socially conscious�
Dahm, Molly J.; Samonte, Aurelia V.; Shows, Amy R.
Convergent spray process for environmentally friendly coatings
Conventional spray application processes have poor transfer efficiencies, resulting in an exorbitant loss in materials, solvents, and time. Also, with ever tightening Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations and Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements, the low transfer efficiencies have a significant impact on the quantities of materials and solvents that are released into the environment. High solids spray processes are also limited by material viscosities, thus requiring many passes over the surface to achieve a thickness in the 0.125 -inch range. This results in high application costs and a negative impact on the environment. Until recently, requirements for a 100 percent solid sprayable, environmentally friendly, lightweight thermal protection system that can be applied in a thick (greater than 0.125 inch) single-pass operation exceeded the capability of existing systems. Such coatings must be applied by hand lay-up techniques, especially for thermal and/or fire protection systems. The current formulation of these coatings has presented many problems such as worker safety, environmental hazards, waste, high cost, and application constraints. A system which can apply coatings without using hazardous materials would alleviate many of these problems. Potential applications include the aerospace thermal protective specialty coatings, chemical and petroleum industries that require fire-protection coatings that resist impact, chemicals, and weather. These markets can be penetrated by offering customized coatings applied by automated processes that are environmentally friendly.
Scarpa, Jack
Cold Friends of Hot Jupiters: NIRSPEC Survey
Previous surveys have shown that half of all stars occur in binary systems. Although most exoplanet surveys exclude systems with known binary companions, it is likely that many known planetary systems contain distant, low-mass stellar companions that went unnoticed in the initial survey selection. Such companions may have important effects on the formation and migration of planets (and especially hot Jupiters) around the primary star via three-body interactions such as Kozai-driven migration. The Cold Friends project uses three observing techniques to make a robust determination of the occurrence rate of exoplanets in binary systems: radial velocity monitoring, adaptive optics imaging (see presentation on the AO Survey by H. Ngo et al.), and near-infrared spectroscopy. In this presentation, we focus on the results of the spectroscopy portion of the Cold Friends project. Using NIRSPEC at Keck Observatory, we have obtained high-resolution spectra of roughly fifty exoplanet-hosting stars near 2.3 microns, where low-mass companions will show deep CO absorption features superimposed on the primary stellar spectrum. This method allows for the detection of binary companions located within 50 to 200 AU of the host star. At this location, such a binary companion could conceivably influence the formation and migration of exoplanets orbiting the main star. We describe our method for removing the signal due to the main-sequence FGK host stars and searching for the distinctive spectral features of a low-mass stellar companion.
Piskorz, Danielle; Knutson, H. A.; Muirhead, P. S.; Batygin, K.; Crepp, J. R.; Hinkley, S.; Howard, A. W.; Johnson, J. A.; Morton, T. D.
Roll forming of eco-friendly stud
In order to manufacture an eco-friendly stud, the sheared pattern is designed by the Taguchi method and expanded by the side rolls. The seven geometrical shape of sheared pattern are considered in the structural and thermal analyses to select the best functional one in terms of the durability and fire resistance of dry wall. For optimizing the size of the sheared pattern chosen, the L9 orthogonal array and smaller-the-better characteristics of the Taguchi method are used. As the roll gap causes forming defects when the upper-and-lower roll type is adopted for expanding the sheared pattern, the side roll type is introduced. The stress and strain distributions obtained by the FEM simulation of roll-forming processes are utilized for the design of expanding process. The expanding process by side rolls shortens the length of expanding process and minimizes the cost of dies. Furthermore, the stud manufactured by expanding the sheared pattern of the web is an eco-friend because of the scrapless roll-forming process. In addition, compared to the conventionally roll-formed stud, the material cost is lessened about 13.6% and the weight is lightened about 15.5%.
Keum, Y. T.; Lee, S. Y.; Lee, T. H.; Sim, J. K.
Women's HIV disclosure to family and friends.
Previous researchers have documented rates of HIV disclosure to family at discrete time periods, yet none have taken a dynamic approach to this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to take the next step and provide a retrospective comparison of rates of women's HIV disclosure to family and friends over a 15-year time span. Of particular interest are the possible influences of social network and relationship characteristics on the time-to-disclosure of serostatus. Time-to-disclosure was analyzed from data provided by 125 HIV-positive women. Participants were primarily married or dating (42%), unemployed (79.2%), African American (68%) women with a high school diploma or less (54.4%). Length of time since diagnosis ranged from 1 month to over 19 years (M=7.1 years). Results pointed to statistically significant differences in time-to-disclosure between family, friends, and sexual partners. Additionally, females and persons with whom the participant had more frequent contact were more likely to be disclosed to, regardless of the type of relationship. The results of this study underscore possible challenges with existing studies which have employed point prevalence designs, and point to new methods which could be helpful in family research. PMID:22313348
Serovich, Julianne Maria; Craft, Shonda M; Reed, Sandra J
Birth trauma to muscles in babies born by breech delivery and its possible fatal consequences.
Dissection and histological examination was made of the muscles of 86 babies who died after breech delivery, and of 38 babies who died after vertex presentation. A control group of 50 surviving breech-delivered babies was examined clinically and the results compared. It was concluded that the most common type of birth trauma to a baby born by breech delivery is injury to muscles and soft tissues of the back and lower extremities, which is often extensive. In some severly injured babies histological examination of organs revels signs of crush syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation. It is suggested that the extensive muscle trauma forms the background of these fatal conditions. Images FIG. 1. FIG. 2. FIG. 3. FIG. 4. FIG. 5.
Ralis, Z A
Ergonomic adequacy of the baby nursery of child development center located in UFSC - Florian�polis.
A study in the educators' work station at baby nursery of NDI/UFSC, located in Florian�polis, was conducted using the Work Ergonomic Analysis methodological tool. The demand considered was the educators' physical exhaustion caused by the weight carried when taking care of the babies, the postures assumed during the labor activity and the spatial arrangement of the baby nursery. Thinking ergonomically, the spatial arrangement is directly associated to three factors: the formal aspect of the environment, the esthetic aspect including colors and finish quality and the ease of understanding involved in the baby nursery labor. By the ergonomic adequacy it is possible to assert that if were established better conditions of posture and comfort for the educators, as well as satisfactory technical and operational information to carry out the activities, greater safety and welfare would be provided to the babies, the main focus of the work. PMID:22317610
Vergara, Lizandra Garcia Lupi; Ribet, Lucie Elisa
Narcissism and discrepancy between self and friends' perceptions of personality.
Most research on narcissism and person perception has used strangers as perceivers. However, research has demonstrated that strangers' ratings are influenced by narcissists' stylish appearance (Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010). In the present study, we recruited participants and their close friends, individuals whose close relationship should immunize them to participants' superficial appearance cues. We investigated the relation between narcissism and personality ratings by self and friends. Participants (N?=?66; 38 women; Mage ?=?20.83 years) completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Terry, 1988) and described their personality on the 100-item California Adult Q-Sort (CAQ; Block, 2008). Participants' personality was also described on the CAQ by close friends. The "optimally adjusted individual" prototype was used to summarize participant and friend personality ratings (Block, 2008). Participants with high narcissism scores were ascribed higher optimal adjustment by self than by friends. Narcissistic individuals' self-ratings were extremely positive and more favorable than friends' ratings of them. PMID:23799917
Park, Sun W; Colvin, C Randall
Physical Activity and Screen Time in Adolescents and Their Friends
Background Little is known about the actual physical activity and screen time behaviors of an adolescent�s friends relative to the individual�s behavior. Purpose To determine the associations between an adolescent�s physical activity and screen time and his/her nominated friends� physical activity and screen time. Methods Data were obtained from EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity Among Teens), a large cross-sectional study (n=2126) conducted in 20 middle schools and high schools in Minneapolis/St. Paul MN during the 2009�2010 academic year and analyzed during 2011. Each participant nominated up to six friends from a school roster, and data from those friends were obtained as part of the school-based data collection procedures. Physical activity and screen time were assessed with previously used and validated questionnaires. Generalized estimating equation models, stratified by gender, were used to assess associations between adolescents� physical activity and screen time and their friends� physical activity and screen time. Results Physical activity for female adolescents was associated with their male and female friends� physical activity, including their male and female best friends (all p<0.05). Males� physical activity was associated with their female friends� physical activity (p<0.03). Females� screen time was associated with their male and female friends� screen time (p?0.03), but not with that of their best friends. Males� screen time was associated with only their female friends� screen time (p=0.04). Conclusions The consistent association between female adolescents� physical activity and their friends� physical activity indicates a need to include peer effects on adolescent female physical activity in future intervention work.
Sirard, John R.; Bruening, Meg; Wall, Melanie M.; Eisenberg, Marla E.; Kim, Sun K.; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne
America's Demography in the New Century: Aging Baby Boomers and New Immigrants as Major Players. Milken Institute Policy Brief.
America's demography in the new century will be affected by the aging baby boom generation and by new immigrants. Focus on just the national implications of aging baby boomers and the new immigrants is inadequate. This policy brief takes a regional perspective, examining recent trends and population statistics and making the case that aging baby�
Frey, William H.; DeVol, Ross C.
Premature Babies Benefit from Adult Talk, Study Finds
... intuitively believe," said Lauren Kobritz Krause, chief of speech-language pathology at La Rabida Children's Hospital in Chicago. "Kids ... Providence, R.I.; Lauren Kobritz Krause, M.S., chief, Speech-Language Pathology, La Rabida Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill.; March 2014, ...
Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm babies of 1999-2009.
The Bayley scale of infant development is employed as the performance indicator at 2 years corrected gestational age for high risk paediatric groups. We compare neurodevelopmental outcomes in two cohorts of VLBW infants born in 1999 to a cohort born a decade later, while also examining the challenges of direct comparison of modified scales: BSID-II (2nd edition of the scales) with Bayley-III, BSID-II was used in the 1999 group and Bayley-III for the 2009 cohort. We demonstrated that over a ten year period there was an improvement in neurodevelopmental scores achieved in VLBW babies. Overall there was almost an 8 point increase in the cognitive scores from the 2009 cohort compared with the 1999 cohort in this time period. The mean motor score increased by 6 points when comparing 1999 and 2009. However we highlight the difficulties in comparing developmental scales, and consider whether Bayley-III overestimates developmental ability? PMID:24988830
Huggard, D; Slevin, M; Vavasseur, C
Australian baby boomers face retirement during the global financial crisis.
This paper examines the impact in Australia of the global financial crisis on the baby boom cohort approaching later life. Data from national focus groups of people aged 50 to 64 years (N = 73), conducted in late 2008, found widespread but variable concern and uncertainty concerning work and retirement plans and experiences. A national survey (N = 1,009) of those aged 50 to 64 years in mid-2009 reported lower levels of financial satisfaction compared with other life domains; many planned to postpone retirement. Findings are interpreted in the context of policies and markets that differed significantly from those in the United States, notwithstanding the global nature of the financial crisis. PMID:23837628
Kendig, Hal; Wells, Yvonne; O'Loughlin, Kate; Heese, Karla
A 'healthy baby': The double imperative of preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
This article reports from a study exploring the social processes, meanings and institutions that frame and produce 'ethical problems' and clinical dilemmas for practitioners, scientists and others working in the specialty of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). A major topic in the data was that, in contrast to IVF, the aim of PGD is to transfer to the woman's womb only those embryos likely to be unaffected by serious genetic disorders; that is, to produce 'healthy babies'. Staff described the complex processes through which embryos in each treatment cycle must meet a double imperative: they must be judged viable by embryologists and 'unaffected' by geneticists. In this article, we focus on some of the ethical, social and occupational issues for staff ensuing from PGD's double imperative. PMID:20051429
Ehrich, Kathryn; Williams, Clare
Ensuring Appropriate Expert Testimony for Cases Involving the "Shaken Baby"
For the past 50 years, the �shaken baby� syndrome (SBS) has been one of the many terms used to describe a form of abusive head trauma in children. The term now preferred is pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT), which is defined as �an injury to the skull or intracranial contents of an infant or young child (less than five years of age) due to inflicted blunt impact and/or violent shaking.�1, 2 This new term reflects the fundamental construct that certain forms of head trauma are intentionally inflicted. The incidence is estimated to be 20 to 30 cases per 100,000 children under one year of age with a case fatality rate exceeding 20% and significant disability for about two-thirds of the survivors. 1 In addition, AHT results in major healthcare costs for the survivors. (see Libby AM, Sills MR, Thurston NK, Orton HD. Costs of childhood physical abuse: comparing inflicted and unintentional traumatic brain injuries.
Albert, Daniel M.; Blanchard, June Weisberger; Knox, Barbara L.
Petrology of Baby Bare and Mama Bare lavas
The Three Bares are small volcanoes that host the only-known hydrothermal vents active in oceanic crust older than 2 Ma. Major element data for Baby and Mama Bare lavas indicate formation by low extents of partial melting of a depleted mantle source, with limited cooling and crystallization prior to eruption. These lavas are compositionally unlike all lavas produced at the adjacent spreading center, but resemble a subset of lavas from small seamounts nearby. We conclude that the Three Bares represent off-axis volcanism rather than normal crustal accretion. Such off-axis volcanism increases basement roughness locally, and thus plays an important role in hydrothermal circulation in sedimented ridge flank settings.
Karsten, J. L.; Becker, N.; Mottl, M. J.; Wheat, C. G.
Reading, writing, and having babies: a nurturing alternative school program.
This ethnographic study, a component of another study that examined the lived experiences of a small group of pregnant teenagers, focused on the social and learning environment of an alternative school program for pregnant and parenting female adolescents, aged 13 to 19. Field notes, participant observation, group discussion, and informal conversational data were gathered over a 16-week period. Analysis of the data revealed four major themes: nurture and positive regard, sisterhood and belonging, mentoring and sense of family, and proactive learning environment and academic pride. The girls who attended the program developed close relationships with their peers and teachers. Many of them experienced academic success for the first time and reported that pregnancy and impending motherhood motivated them to do better in school. Recommendations for a more comprehensive school-based approach to meeting the needs of pregnant and parenting teens are made, particularly after the babies are born. PMID:12387596
Spear, Hila J
Shaken Baby Syndrome as a Form of Abusive Head Trauma
Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a form of abuse that is characterised by brain injury. Because of the subtle and yet debilitating neurobehavioural impairment which ensues, SBS represents a diagnostic dilemma for attending clinicians. The situation is made worse by the young age of the affected child who may not be capable of explaining what happened. SBS has been reported in many parts of the world. To our knowledge, there is a dearth of literature on the topic from Arab/Islamic countries. This article attempts to shed light on the syndrome by reviewing information on the aetiology of SBS, as well as on its diagnosis and the reasons for delayed diagnosis. The central aim of this review is to increase awareness of SBS so that enlightened policies for prevention and intervention could be developed in the region and particularly in Oman.
Al-Saadoon, Muna; Elnour, Ibtisam B.; Ganesh, Anuradha
[Fostering a breastfeeding-friendly workplace].
Creating supportive environments that encourage mothers to breastfeed their children has emerged in recent years as a key health issue for women and children. Taiwan has a large and still growing number of new mothers in the workplace. Early postpartum return to work and inconvenient workplace conditions often discourage women from breastfeeding or cause early discontinuation. This study describes the current status of worksite breastfeeding-friendly policies in Taiwan and selected other countries and assesses the effects of work-related factors on working mother breastfeeding behavior. Although maternity leave has been positively correlated with breastfeeding duration, maternity leave in Taiwan remains significantly shorter than in other countries. Flexible working conditions, the provision of lactation rooms, and support from colleagues are critical components of promoting breastfeeding in the workplace. PMID:23386521
Chen, Yi-Chun; Kuo, Shu-Chen
Microbial 'Old Friends', immunoregulation and stress resilience
Chronic inflammatory diseases (autoimmunity, allergy and inflammatory bowel diseases) are increasing in prevalence in urban communities in high-income countries. One important factor is reduced exposure to immunoregulation-inducing macro- and microorganisms and microbiota that accompanied mammalian evolution (the hygiene hypothesis or �Old Friends� mechanism). Reduced exposure to these organisms predisposes to poor regulation of inflammation. But inflammation is equally relevant to psychiatric disorders. Inflammatory mediators modulate brain development, cognition and mood, and accompany low socioeconomic status and some cases of depression in developed countries. The risk of all these conditions (chronic inflammatory and psychiatric) is increased in urban versus rural communities, and increased in immigrants, particularly if they move from a low- to a high-income country during infancy, and often the prevalence increases further in second generation immigrants, suggesting that critical exposures modulating disease risk occur during pregnancy and infancy. Diminished exposure to immunoregulation-inducing Old Friends in the perinatal period may enhance the consequences of psychosocial stressors, which induce increased levels of inflammatory mediators, modulate the microbiota and increase the risk for developing all known psychiatric conditions. In later life, the detrimental effects of psychosocial stressors may be exaggerated when the stress occurs against a background of reduced immunoregulation, so that more inflammation (and therefore more psychiatric symptoms) result from any given level of psychosocial stress. This interaction between immunoregulatory deficits and psychosocial stressors may lead to reduced stress resilience in modern urban communities. This concept suggests novel interpretations of recent epidemiology, and novel approaches to the increasing burden of psychiatric disease.
Rook, Graham A. W.; Lowry, Christopher A.; Raison, Charles L.
[Effect of crystalline metastasis of lactose on hardness of compressed baby milk powder].
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the crystalline metastasis of lactose, which is a main component baby milk powder, and the hardness of baby milk powder compressed by humidification followed by drying. Because baby milk powder is manufactured using a spray dryer, lactose in compressed baby milk powder exists in an amorphous (solid dispersion) form. X-ray diffraction measurement showed that this amorphous lactose metastasized to ?-form crystalline lactose, and thereafter metastasized to the ?-form during the humidification-drying process. As a result of this crystalline metastasis, the hardness of the compressed baby milk powder increased, and then decreased. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed bridging structures between the particles increased and then decreased during the humidification-drying process. This showed that bridging structures between the particles produced by crystalline metastasis of lactose as a result of the humidification-drying process, which leads to an increase in the hardness of the compressed baby milk powder. These results show that the necessary degree of hardness of the porous compressed baby milk powder (necessary for packaging and transportation) resulted from the humidification-drying process. PMID:23123724
Shibata, Mitsuho; Otsubo, Kazumitsu; Ohara, Mika; Omae, Rika; Niwa, Toshiyuki; Danjo, Kazumi
Taking Flight. An Introduction to Building Refuge Friends Organizations.
When the National Wildlife Refuge Association lanunched the Friends Initiative, it was clear that a basic guide book was needed to help citizens form new refuge Friends groups. Taking Flight is written for use by both citizens and refuge staff who are wor...
Academic Achievement and Its Impact on Friend Dynamics
Academic achievement in adolescence is a key determinant of future educational and occupational success. Friends play an important role in the educational process. They provide support and resources and can both encourage and discourage academic achievement. As a result, the friends adolescents make may help to maintain and exacerbate inequality�
Flashman, Jennifer
Older Women: The Meaning of Involvement With Family and Friends.
Because relationships with family and friends may cause stress for women, the effects of interactions with family, friends, and community on women's adaption to the experiences of aging are important. Interviews were conducted with 75 women between the ages of 44 and 77 who were educated, relieved of child-rearing responsibilities, and relatively�
Greenberg, Reva M.
Psychotherapy and Friendship: An Analysis of the Communications of Friends
Discusses results of two studies conducted to investigate communications between friends, since it is often stated that psychotherapy is a type of friendship. Findings showed that empathic responses were infrequent between friends trying to be helpful, though such responses constituted a majority of statements of model Rogerian therapists.�
Reisman, John M.; Yamokoski, Tom
The Minnesota Family, Friend and Neighbor Grant Program
In 1997, Minnesota became the first state in the nation to pass legislation establishing an education and support program for family, friend, and neighbor (FFN) care providers. This article describes the Minnesota Family, Friend and Neighbor Grant Program and findings from an evaluation of the programs and a curriculum scan of materials used in�
Susman-Stillman, Amy; Stout, Karen; Cleveland, Jennifer; Hawley, Vicki
A Little Help from My Friends: Creating Socially Supportive Schools
Students get by with a little help from their friends; students try with a little help from their friends. When their social needs are met, students tend to be better adjusted and perform more effectively in school. A strong social network serves to protect students and mitigates the effects of a variety of risk factors. Due to the rich empirical�
Sulkowski, Michael L.; Demaray, Michelle K.; Lazarus, Philip J.
Creating a Responsive Website: PPLD Friends--A Case Study
The Friends of the Pikes Peak Library District (PPLD) had a legacy website that was remotely hosted and maintained by a volunteer. They wanted a more significant presence on PPLD.org and an easier interface with which to update information. The developers decided to create a new Friends site in Drupal, using RWD, CSS3, and HTML5. The plan was to�
Franklyn, Virginia
Working the Social: Twitter and FriendFeed
Information overload is so five years ago, but the problem it describes is all too real. Fortunately, there's hope yet for the savvy librarian: Twitter and FriendFeed turn information dissemination on its head, using friends and subscribers as a filter for the best, most credible, and most engaging information out there. Like other social media�
Carscaddon, Laura; Harris, Colleen S.
Children's and Their Friends' Moral Reasoning: Relations with Aggressive Behavior
Friends' moral characteristics such as their moral reasoning represent an important social contextual factor for children's behavioral socialization. Guided by this assumption, we compared the effects of children's and friends' moral reasoning on their aggressive behavior in a low-risk sample of elementary school children. Peer nominations and�
Gasser, Luciano; Malti, Tina
Do Friends and Nonfriends Behave Differently? A Social Relations Analysis of Children's Behavior.
Examined how children behave differently with friends and non-friends. Engaged 123 triads of target children, friends, and unacquainted peers in free-play and planning tasks. Found that children behaved more positively but also exhibited more negative behavior with friends than with non-friends. (KK)
Simpkins, Sandra D.; Parke, Ross D.
Assessment of the feasibility and coverage of a modified universal hearing screening protocol for use with newborn babies of migrant workers in Beijing
Background Although migrant workers account for the majority of newborns in Beijing, their children are less likely to undergo appropriate universal newborn hearing screening/rescreening (UNHS) than newborns of local non-migrant residents. We hypothesised that this was at least in part due to the inadequacy of the UNHS protocol currently employed for newborn babies, and therefore aimed to modify the protocol to specifically reflect the needs of the migrant population. Methods A total of 10,983 healthy babies born to migrant mothers between January 2007 and December 2009 at a Beijing public hospital were investigated for hearing abnormalities according to a modified UNHS protocol. This incorporated two additional/optional otoacoustic emissions (OAE) tests at 24�48 hours and 2 months after birth. Infants not passing a screening test were referred to the next test, until any hearing loss was confirmed by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test. Results A total of 98.91% (10983/11104) of all newborn children underwent the initial OAE test, of which 27.22% (2990/10983) failed the test. 1712 of the failed babies underwent the second inpatient OAE test, with739 failing again; thus significantly decreasing the overall positive rate for abnormal hearing from 27.22% to 18.36% ([2990�973 /10983)]; p?=?0). Overall, 1147(56.87%) babies underwent the outpatient OAE test again after1-month, of whom 228 failed and were referred for the second outpatient OAE test (i.e. 2.08% (228/10983) referral rate at 1month of age). 141 of these infants underwent the referral test, of whom 103 (73.05%) tested positive again and were referred for a final ABR test for hearing loss (i.e. final referral rate of 1.73% ([228-38/10983] at 2 months of age). Only 54 infants attended the ABR test and 35 (0.32% of the original cohort tested) were diagnosed with abnormal hearing. Conclusions Our study shows that it is feasible and practical to achieve high coverage rates for screening hearing loss and decrease the referral rates in newborn babies of migrant workers, using a modification of the currently employed UNHS protocol.
Effect on skin hydration of using baby wipes to clean the napkin area of newborn babies: assessor-blinded randomised controlled equivalence trial
Background Some national guidelines recommend the use of water alone for napkin cleansing. Yet, there is a readiness, amongst many parents, to use baby wipes. Evidence from randomised controlled trials, of the effect of baby wipes on newborn skin integrity is lacking. We conducted a study to examine the hypothesis that the use of a specifically formulated cleansing wipe on the napkin area of newborn infants (<1?month) has an equivalent effect on skin hydration when compared with using cotton wool and water (usual care). Methods A prospective, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled equivalence trial was conducted during 2010. Healthy, term babies (n?=?280), recruited within 48 hours of birth, were randomly assigned to have their napkin area cleansed with an alcohol-free baby wipe (140 babies) or cotton wool and water (140 babies). Primary outcome was change in hydration from within 48 hours of birth to 4?weeks post-birth. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in trans-epidermal water loss, skin surface pH and erythema, presence of microbial skin contaminants/irritants at 4?weeks and napkin dermatitis reported by midwife at 4?weeks and mother during the 4?weeks. Results Complete hydration data were obtained for 254 (90.7?%) babies. Wipes were shown to be equivalent to water and cotton wool in terms of skin hydration (intention-to-treat analysis: wipes 65.4 (SD 12.4) vs. water 63.5 (14.2), p?=?0.47, 95?% CI -2.5 to 4.2; per protocol analysis: wipes 64.6 (12.4) vs. water 63.6 (14.3), p?=?0.53, 95?% CI -2.4 to 4.2). No significant differences were found in the secondary outcomes, except for maternal-reported napkin dermatitis, which was higher in the water group (p?=?0.025 for complete responses). Conclusions Baby wipes had an equivalent effect on skin hydration when compared with cotton wool and water. We found no evidence of any adverse effects of using these wipes. These findings offer reassurance to parents who choose to use baby wipes and to health professionals who support their use. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN86207019
Stress Induced Hyperglycemia in a Term Baby Mimicking Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Stroke
Stress/sepsis induced transient hyperglycemia in the newborn may present with extremely high blood sugar values and may mimic neonatal diabetes mellitus. We present a case of neonatal septicemia with stress induced hyperglycemia mimicking neonatal diabetes mellitus. Extremely high blood sugar values upto 1529 mg/dl with metabolic acidosis were noted in a term good weight baby causing a diagnostic dilemma. It can be seen even in term babies, contrary to the belief that it occurs in preterm and small for gestation babies. Considering the prognostic implications it may cause it is important that hyperglycemia is promptly treated by insulin infusion.
Mittal, Aliza; Gupta, Ratan; Sharma, Shobha; Aggarwal, Kailash Chandra
Alkaptonuria diagnosed in a 4-month-old baby girl: a case report
The mother of a four month old female baby attended in the well baby clinic with the complaint of black staining of the diaper after few minutes of urination. The baby was born of a non consanguineous marriage, healthy and breast fed. Mother noticed that stain first at the age of two and half month. The urine when kept in a test tube for two hours turned black. Laboratory examination of urine revealed increased concentration of homogentisic acid. The patient was diagnosed as alkaptonuria.
Datta, Asok K; Mandal, Syamali; Dasgupta, Anindya; Ghosh, Tarun K
Perceptions of glasses as a health care product: a pilot study of New Zealand baby boomers.
Marketers have been slow to customize their strategies for the influential consumer segment of aging baby boomers. This qualitative research provides insights on New Zealand baby boomers' perceptions of glasses as a health care product. Appearance was a dominant theme; status was not a major concern, although style and fashion were. Wearing glasses had negative associations related to aging; however, both male and female participants recognized that glasses offered improved quality of life. Data relating to the theme of expense indicated that these New Zealand baby boomers made sophisticated perceptual associations and subsequent pragmatic trade-offs between price, quality, and style. PMID:23210674
Davey, Janet; King, Chloe; Fitzpatrick, Mary
Alkaptonuria diagnosed in a 4-month-old baby girl: a case report.
The mother of a four month old female baby attended in the well baby clinic with the complaint of black staining of the diaper after few minutes of urination. The baby was born of a non consanguineous marriage, healthy and breast fed. Mother noticed that stain first at the age of two and half month. The urine when kept in a test tube for two hours turned black. Laboratory examination of urine revealed increased concentration of homogentisic acid. The patient was diagnosed as alkaptonuria. PMID:19014543
If I Had - A Baby with a Lung Complication
... In Depth In the Spotlight If I Had... Universities and Hospitals By Disease or Symptom View QuickTime ... M. Davis, MD, Professor of Pediatrics at Tufts University School of Medicine Back to Home Page If ...
Comparison of Attitudes between Generation X and Baby Boomer Veterinary Faculty and Residents
Understanding the characteristics and preferences of the different generations in the veterinary workforce is important if we are to help optimize current and future veterinary schools and teaching hospitals. The purpose of this study was to compare the attitudes of different generations of veterinary faculty and those of faculty and house officers. A survey administered to faculty and house officers asked respondents to identify their level of agreement with a series of statements addressing work and lifestyle issues and feedback preferences. In addition, the survey included an open-ended question on non-monetary rewards for hard work. Thirty-eight of 48 faculty members (79%) and 45 of 54 house officers (83%) completed the survey. Among faculty, there were no significant differences between the Generation X and Baby Boomer subgroups or between genders. More faculty than house officers responded that delayed gratification is acceptable (p =0.03 and that it is difficult to balance home and work life (p < 0.001). Compared to faculty, house officers preferred more frequent (p =0.03) and critical (p = 0.02) feedback. The most common responses to the question on effective non-monetary rewards for hard work, from both faculty and house officers, were recognition and time off. No attitudinal differences were detected between generations within the faculty group, but a number of significant differences emerged between faculty and house officers. Increased awareness of the importance of balance and rewards for hard work, as well as modification of feedback styles, may be beneficial in teaching and mentoring current and future generations.
Freeman, Lisa M.; Trower, Cathy A.; Tan, Rachael J.B.; Terkla, Dawn Geronimo
Comparison of attitudes between Generation X and Baby Boomer veterinary faculty and residents.
Understanding the characteristics and preferences of the different generations in the veterinary workforce is important if we are to help optimize current and future veterinary schools and teaching hospitals. The purpose of this study was to compare the attitudes of different generations of veterinary faculty and those of faculty and house officers. A survey administered to faculty and house officers asked respondents to identify their level of agreement with a series of statements addressing work and lifestyle issues and feedback preferences. In addition, the survey included an open-ended question on non-monetary rewards for hard work. Thirty-eight of 48 faculty members (79%) and 45 of 54 house officers (83%) completed the survey. Among faculty, there were no significant differences between the Generation X and Baby Boomer subgroups or between genders. More faculty than house officers responded that delayed gratification is acceptable (p = 0.03) and that it is difficult to balance home and work life (p < 0.001). Compared to faculty, house officers preferred more frequent (p = 0.03) and critical (p = 0.02) feedback. The most common responses to the question on effective non-monetary rewards for hard work, from both faculty and house officers, were recognition and time off. No attitudinal differences were detected between generations within the faculty group, but a number of significant differences emerged between faculty and house officers. Increased awareness of the importance of balance and rewards for hard work, as well as modification of feedback styles, may be beneficial in teaching and mentoring current and future generations. PMID:19436000
Freeman, Lisa M; Trower, Cathy A; Tan, Rachael J B; Terkla, Dawn Geronimo
Cold Friends of Hot Jupiters: AO Survey
�Hot Jupiters� are a class of gas giant planets found in extrasolar systems at very small orbital distances (?0.05 AU). We know that these planets could not have formed at their present locations, but must instead have migrated in from beyond the ice line. One class of proposed migration mechanisms for these planets involve gravitational perturbations from a distant stellar companion. These same processes also provide a natural explanation for the existence of a subset of hot Jupiters that have been observed to have orbits that are highly misaligned with respect to their star's spin axis and/or have large orbital eccentricities. In the "Cold Friends" survey, we search for stellar companions around 51 stars known to host hot Jupiters in order to determine whether stellar companions play an important role in hot Jupiter migration. Our survey consists of a population of stars with planets that have eccentric and/or misaligned orbits as well as a control population of planets with well-aligned and circular orbits. This project searches for companion stars (the "Cold Friends") in three detection modes: radial velocity monitoring, high resolution IR spectroscopy (presented by D. Piskorz et al. at this meeting), and adaptive optics (AO) imaging at infrared wavelengths (presented here). The AO mode is sensitive to the most distant companions (separations of 50-200 AU and beyond) while the other modes are effective at finding companions at smaller separations. We present the results of our AO survey and discuss the binary fraction found in our sample. Out of our total sample of 51 stars, 19 candidate companions (many of which have not been observed before) were directly imaged around 17 stars. We also describe follow-up photometry and astrometry of all detected companions to determine whether or not they are gravitationally bound to the primary planet-hosting star. If such companions are common, it would suggest that perturbations from stellar companions may play a significant role in the evolution of hot Jupiter systems.
Ngo, Henry; Knutson, H. A.; Hinkley, S.; Crepp, J. R.; Batygin, K.; Howard, A. W.; Johnson, J. A.; Morton, T. D.; Muirhead, P. S.
Lessons learned from a Canadian province-wide age-friendly initiative: the Age-Friendly Manitoba Initiative.
The Age-Friendly Manitoba Initiative was launched in 2008. A formative evaluation we conducted in 2011 with 44 participating rural and urban communities demonstrates considerable progress, with virtually all communities having formed an Age-Friendly Committee and conducting a community assessment to identify priorities for action. The majority of communities implemented one or more age-friendly projects. Major barriers to becoming age-friendly identified by participants included lack of funding; lack of capacity, particularly in small communities; and lack of leadership or direction. The study highlights the importance of strong leadership at all levels of government (municipal, provincial, federal); the need to support communities, particularly rural ones, as they try to become more age-friendly; and the importance of ongoing promotion of age-friendliness locally and more broadly (e.g., provincially). PMID:24224864
Menec, Verena H; Novek, Sheila; Veselyuk, Dawn; McArthur, Jennifer
Congenital malformation among newborns at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan during 1981-1984.
A study on the incidence of congenital malformation had been assessed among 15,185 newborns delivered in the Neonatal Unit, Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan during 1981-1984. Still-births were not included in this study. Out of these 15,185 newborns there were 77 cases (0.51%) of congenital malformation. The four leading malformations were pes-equinovarus 7 cases (9.1%), labiognathopalatoschizis, hydrocephalus and anencephalus 6 cases each (7.7%). The number of congenital malformations was higher in the age group of mothers older than 35 years (0.78%) and in the group of babies born in the birth order as third and further (53.85%) and as first born babies (33.33%). From 77 cases with congenital malformation only 2 (2.56%) were operated soon after birth, while 49 cases (64.1%) went home without surgical intervention, and 28 cases (35.9%) died during hospitalization. PMID:2797839
Lubis, B; Tjipta, G D; Panjaitan, A J; Raid, N; Siregar, H
Quantifying Farmer Evaluation of Technologies: The Mother and Baby Trial Design
This paper presents five years of experience in Malawi, experimenting with a novel mother and baby trial design to systematically connect assessment of technologies by farmers with biological performance. This design consists of two types of trials. The \\
Omphalocele in a newborn baby exposed to sodium valproate in utero
We report on a newborn baby, exposed to valproic acid in utero, with the typical dysmorphic features of the fetal valproate syndrome and omphalocele. One identical case has already been reported after valproic acid exposure in utero.
T. Boussemart; D. Bonneau; M. Berthier; D. Oriot; G. Levard
Visuomotor Adaptation to Displacing Prisms by Adult and Baby Barn Owls
The capacity of barn owls to adapt visuomotor behavior in response to prism-induced displacement of the,visual field was tested in babies and adults. Matched, binocular Fresnel prisms, which displaced the visual field 1 lo, 23\\
Eric I. Knudsen; Phyllis F. Knudsen
A Witnessed Short Fall Mimicking Presumed Shaken Baby Syndrome (Inflicted Childhood Neurotrauma)1
A witnessed fall backwards of an infant from a sitting position resulted in the subdural hematoma and retinal hemorrhages characteristic of presumed shaken baby syndrome. Violent shaking is not necessary to produce these findings.
Horace B. Gardner
Babies' Brains Prep for Speech Long Before First Words Come Out
Despite Media Companies' Claims, Your Baby Can't Learn to Read: Study
Perinatal mortality and morbidity among babies delivered in water: surveillance study and postal survey
Aim To compare perinatal morbidity and mortality for babies delivered in water with rates for babies delivered conventionally (not in water). Design Surveillance study (of all consultant paediatricians) and postal survey (of all NHS maternity units). Setting British Isles (surveillance study); England and Wales (postal survey). Subjects Babies born in the British Isles between April 1994 and March 1996 who died perinatally or were admitted for special care within 48 hours of birth after delivery in water or after labour in water followed by conventional delivery (surveillance study); babies delivered in water in England and Wales in the same period (postal survey). Main outcome measures Number of deliveries in water in the British Isles that resulted in perinatal death or in admission to special care within 48 hours of birth; and proportions (of such deliveries) of all water births in England and Wales. Results 4032 deliveries (0.6% of all deliveries) in England and Wales occurred in water. Perinatal mortality was 1.2/1000 (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 2.9) live births; 8.4/1000 (5.8 to 11.8) live births were admitted for special care. No deaths were directly attributable to delivery in water, but 2 admissions were for water aspiration. UK reports of mortality and special care admission rates for babies of women considered to be at low risk of complications during delivery who delivered conventionally ranged from 0.8/1000 (0.2 to 4.2) to 4.6/1000 (0.1 to 25) live births and from 9.2 (1.1 to 33) to 64/1000 (58 to 70) live births respectively. Compared with regional data for low risk, spontaneous, normal vaginal deliveries at term, the relative risk for perinatal mortality associated with delivery in water was 0.9 (99% confidence interval 0.2 to 3.6). Conclusions Perinatal mortality is not substantially higher among babies delivered in water than among those born to low risk women who delivered conventionally. The data are compatible with a small increase or decrease in perinatal mortality for babies delivered in water. Key messagesData on adverse effects of delivery in water have been limited Perinatal mortality and risk of admission for special care is similar for babies delivered in water and for low risk deliveries that do not take place in waterThe risk of perinatal mortality for babies delivered in water is similar to the risk for babies born by normal vaginal delivery to women at low risk of adverse outcomeDelivery in water may have caused water aspiration in two babies and contributed to snapped umbilical cord in five
Gilbert, Ruth E; Tookey, Pat A
User-friendly program for multitask analysis
Research on lifting activities has led to the design of several useful tools for evaluating tasks that involve lifting and material handling. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed a single task lifting equation. This formula has been frequently used as a guide in the field of ergonomics and material handling. While being much more complicated, the multi-task formula will provide a more realistic analysis for the evaluation of lifting and material handling jobs. A user friendly tool has been developed to assist professionals in the field of ergonomics in analyzing multitask types of material handling jobs. The program allows for up to 10 different tasks to be evaluated. The program requires a basic understanding of the NIOSH lifting guidelines and the six multipliers that are involved in the analysis of each single task. These multipliers are: Horizontal Distance Multiplier (HM), Vertical Distance Multiplier (VM), Vertical Displacement Multiplier (DM), Frequency of lifting Multiplier (FM), Coupling Multiplier (CM), and the Asymmetry Multiplier (AM). Once a given job is analyzed, a researched list of recommendations is provided to the user in an attempt to reduce the potential risk factors that are associated with each task.
Caporali, Sergio A.; Akladios, Magdy; Becker, Paul E.
The Schistosoma Granuloma: Friend or Foe?
Infection of man with Schistosoma species of trematode parasite causes marked chronic morbidity. Individuals that become infected with Schistosomes may develop a spectrum of pathology ranging from mild cercarial dermatitis to severe tissue inflammation, in particular within the liver and intestines, which can lead to life threatening hepatosplenomegaly. It is well established that the etiopathology during schistosomiasis is primarily due to an excessive or unregulated inflammatory response to the parasite, in particular to eggs that become trapped in various tissue. The eggs forms the foci of a classical type 2 granulomatous inflammation, characterized by an eosinophil-rich, CD4+ T helper (Th) 2 cell dominated infiltrate with additional infiltration of alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Indeed the sequela of the type 2 perioval granuloma is marked fibroblast infiltration and development of fibrosis. Paradoxically, while the granuloma is the cause of pathology it also can afford some protection, whereby the granuloma minimizes collateral tissue damage in the liver and intestines. Furthermore, the parasite is exquisitely reliant on the host to mount a granulomatous reaction to the eggs as this inflammatory response facilitates the successful excretion of the eggs from the host. In this focused review we will address the conundrum of the S. mansoni granuloma acting as both friend and foe in inflammation during infection.
Hams, Emily; Aviello, Gabriella; Fallon, Padraic G.
Field Testing of Environmentally Friendly Drilling System
The Environmentally Friendly Drilling (EFD) program addresses new low-impact technology that reduces the footprint of drilling activities, integrates light weight drilling rigs with reduced emission engine packages, addresses on-site waste management, optimizes the systems to fit the needs of a specific development sites and provides stewardship of the environment. In addition, the program includes industry, the public, environmental organizations, and elected officials in a collaboration that addresses concerns on development of unconventional natural gas resources in environmentally sensitive areas. The EFD program provides the fundamentals to result in greater access, reasonable regulatory controls, lower development cost and reduction of the environmental footprint associated with operations for unconventional natural gas. Industry Sponsors have supported the program with significant financial and technical support. This final report compendium is organized into segments corresponding directly with the DOE approved scope of work for the term 2005-2009 (10 Sections). Each specific project is defined by (a) its goals, (b) its deliverable, and (c) its future direction. A web site has been established that contains all of these detailed engineering reports produced with their efforts. The goals of the project are to (1) identify critical enabling technologies for a prototype low-impact drilling system, (2) test the prototype systems in field laboratories, and (3) demonstrate the advanced technology to show how these practices would benefit the environment.
David Burnett
Maria Sklodowska-Curie - scientist, friend, manager
Great names in science represent an inexhaustible source and richness of inspiration, satisfaction and consolation, a moving and victorious force. Throughout her exemplifying life, Maria Sklodowska remained modest but with a keen sense of humor, of an outstanding style, a mine of knowledge and experience, of innovative ideas and a rich inner life. Full of love, of passion to give and to share, of natural optimism, mixed with a light melancholy, so typical for sages. She vehemently defended the love of scientific research, of the spirit of adventure and entrepreneurship and fought for international culture, for the protection of personality and talent. Maria Sklodowska left her passion to science, her dedication to work including education and training of young people, her passionate adherence to her family, her belief in her friends, her pure and profound humanity and warmth! The paper should be a homage to her, an appreciation of her work over the years, but not less a correspondence, a conversation with her! On the other hand, the present solemn occasion resuscitates the personalities of Maria and Pierre Curie and their work, in particular of Maria Sklodowska in her own native land! In this manner, it truly contributes to her immortality!
Slavchev, A.
Ants recognize foes and not friends
Discriminating among individuals and rejecting non-group members is essential for the evolution and stability of animal societies. Ants are good models for studying recognition mechanisms, because they are typically very efficient in discriminating �friends� (nest-mates) from �foes� (non-nest-mates). Recognition in ants involves multicomponent cues encoded in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Here, we tested whether workers of the carpenter ant Camponotus herculeanus use the presence and/or absence of cuticular hydrocarbons to discriminate between nest-mates and non-nest-mates. We supplemented the cuticular profile with synthetic hydrocarbons mixed to liquid food and then assessed behavioural responses using two different bioassays. Our results show that (i) the presence, but not the absence, of an additional hydrocarbon elicited aggression and that (ii) among the three classes of hydrocarbons tested (unbranched, mono-methylated and dimethylated alkanes; for mono-methylated alkanes, we present a new synthetic pathway), only the dimethylated alkane was effective in eliciting aggression. Our results suggest that carpenter ants use a fundamentally different mechanism for nest-mate recognition than previously thought. They do not specifically recognize nest-mates, but rather recognize and reject non-nest-mates bearing odour cues that are novel to their own colony cuticular hydrocarbon profile. This begs for a reappraisal of the mechanisms underlying recognition systems in social insects.
Guerrieri, Fernando J.; Nehring, Volker; J?rgensen, Charlotte G.; Nielsen, John; Galizia, C. Giovanni; d'Ettorre, Patrizia
Self-Healing Collodion Baby: a Dynamic Phenotype Explained by a Particular Transglutaminase1 Mutation
Spontaneous healing with no or only very mild ichthyosis distinguishes the �self-healing collodion baby� from other congenital ichthyoses. In two self-healing collodion baby siblings with markedly diminished epidermal transglutaminase 1 activity we found the compound heterozygous transglutaminase 1 mutations G278R and D490G. Molecular modeling and biochemical assays of mutant proteins under elevated hydrostatic pressure suggest significantly reduced activity in G278R
Michael Raghunath; Hans-Christian Hennies; Bijan Ahvazi; Melanie Vogel; Andre Reis; Peter M. Steinert; Heiko Traupe
Ruptured vascular malformation masquerading as battered\\/shaken baby syndrome: A nearly tragic mistake
Battered\\/shaken baby syndrome is a clinical and pathologic diagnosis based on clinical examination, central nervous system dysfunction, and intracranial, optic nerve sheath, and retinal hemorrhages in infants under the age of three years. This report describes a case in which the battered\\/shaken baby syndrome was suspected because of an unusual parental reaction to an acute, mortal illness in their seven-week-old
Jonathan Wirtschafter; David J. Weissgold; Donald L. Budenz; Ian Hood; Lucy B. Rorke
High-resolution cranial ultrasound in the shaken-baby syndrome
With limited near-field resolution and accessible acoustic windows, sonography has not been advocated for assessing central\\u000a nervous system injuries in the shaken-baby syndrome. Our purpose was to correlate high-resolution ultrasonographic characteristics\\u000a of central nervous system injuries in whiplash injuries and the shaken-baby-syndrome with MRI and CT. Ultrasonographic images\\u000a of 13 infants, aged 2�12 months, with whiplash or shaking cranial trauma
C. Y. Chen; C. C. Huang; R. A. Zimmerman; Y. S. Yuh; S. J. Chen; S. C. Chin; C. C. Lee; K. W. Lee
A Bed and Breakfast Design Accommodating the Traveling Preferences of the Retired Baby Boomers
This study addressed the traveling preferences possessed by the retired baby boomer generation. This demographic is looking for authenticity, historical richness, and comfort in a lodging space. Many retired baby boomers are also seeking accessible and sustainable lodging accommodations.\\u000aFor the purposes of this study, an existing architecturally significant house located in Apalachicola, Florida was selected to be renovated into
Mandy Pickett
International collaboration on prevention of shaken baby syndrome - an ongoing project/intervention.
Caring for young infants can be stressful. Non-accidental brain or head injury (shaken baby syndrome) is a result of parental stress, and a lack of knowledge of how to respond to a crying infant and the dangers of shaking a child. This article demonstrates the value of international collaboration in projects to prevent child maltreatment. It includes reports of prevention of shaken baby syndrome programmes in Australia, Hungary, Greece, Brazil and Turkey. PMID:24070038
Foley, Sue; Kov�cs, Zsuzsanna; Rose, Jenny; Lamb, Robyn; Tolliday, Fran; Simons-Coghill, Martine; Stephens, Amanda; Scheiber, D�ra; Toma, Andrea; Asb�th, Katalin; Kassai, Tam�s; Agathonos, Helen; Lopes, Nahara R L; Williams, L�cia C A; Sahin, Figen; Tasar, Aysin; Sarten, Terry
Quality Characteristics of Freeze-Dried Salmon Baby Food Purees During Storage
Five combinations of baby food (puree; puree + pink salmon roe; puree + bone; puree + salmon oil; puree + oil + bone) were formulated from retort-processed sockeye (red) salmon puree base, freeze-dried; then evaluated for color, odor, ability to rehydrate, and storage stability. Baby food was retort-processed, freeze-dried, vacuum-packaged, then stored at 22�C for 4 months. Rehydration was best
F. A. Desantos; P. Bechtel; S. Smiley; M. S. Brewer
[Issues of the support of the quality and safety of baby food].
In article there are presented data on hypersensibility of children to the action of contaminants and caused by it the increased requirements to hygienic safety of products of baby food. Data on the main indices of safety, of such products, regulated by hygiene legislative requirements are provided. The system of hygienic expertise of baby food products, including the offered screening methods of studying of indices of quality and safety is considered. PMID:23805691
Kon, I Ya; Konovalova, L S; Georgieva, O V
Reading baby books: medicine, marketing, money and the lives of American infants.
This article examines American baby books from the late nineteenth through the twentieth century. Baby books are ephemeral publications�formatted with one or more printed pages for recording developmental, health, and social information about infants and often including personal observations, artifacts such as photographs or palm prints, medical and other prescriptive advice, and advertisements. For historians they serve as records of the changing social and cultural worlds of infancy, offering insights into the interplay of childrearing practices and larger social movements.Baby books are a significant historical source both challenging and supporting current historiography, and they illustrate how medical, market and cultural forces shaped the ways babies were cared for and in turn how their won behavior shaped family lives. A typology of baby books includes the lavishly illustrated keepsake books of the late nineteenth century, commercial and public health books of the twentieth century, and on-line records of the present day. Themes that emerge over time include those of scientific medicine and infant psychology, religion and consumerism. The article relies on secondary literature and on archival sources including the collections of the UCLA Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library as well as privately held baby books. PMID:21847846
Golden, Janet; Weiner, Lynn
Reducing Excess Hospital Capacity.
Hospital capacity, defined as the capability of a given hospital to perform services and generate costs, is discussed. This report, which is based on a review of the literature and on interviews with planners, hospital administrators, and other experts, c...
W. McClure
A Prospective Cohort Study of Antipsychotic Medications in Pregnancy: The First 147 Pregnancies and 100 One Year Old Babies
Background Many women diagnosed with varying psychiatric disorders take antipsychotic medications during pregnancy. The safety of antipsychotic medications in pregnancy is largely unknown. Methods We established the National Register of Antipsychotic Medications in Pregnancy in 2005. Women who are pregnant and taking an antipsychotic medication are interviewed every 6 weeks during pregnancy and then followed until their babies are one year old. The baby's progress is closely followed for the first year of life. Findings As of April 18 2012, 147 pregnancies had been followed through to completion. There were 142 live births and data is available for 100 one year old babies. 18% of babies were born preterm, with a higher dose of antipsychotic medication correlating to an increased likelihood of premature delivery; 43% of babies required special care nursery or intensive care after birth; 37% had any degree of respiratory distress and 15% of babies developed withdrawal symptoms. Congenital anomalies were seen in eight babies. Most pregnancies resulted in the birth of live, healthy babies. The use of mood stabilisers or higher doses of antipsychotics during pregnancy increased the likelihood of babies experiencing respiratory distress or admission to Special Care Nursery or Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Conclusion There is a great need for safety and efficacy information about the use of antipsychotic medications in pregnancy. Live, healthy babies are the most common outcome following the use of antipsychotic medication in pregnancy, but clinicians should be particularly mindful of neonatal problems such as respiratory distress.
Kulkarni, Jayashri; Worsley, Roisin; Gilbert, Heather; Gavrilidis, Emorfia; Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E.; Wang, Wei; McCauley, Kay; Fitzgerald, Paul
Early diet in preterm babies and developmental status in infancy.
Few data from randomised prospective studies address whether early diet influences later neurodevelopment in man. As part of a larger multicentre trial, 502 low birthweight infants were assigned randomly, for a median of 30 days, to receive a preterm formula or unfortified donor breast milk as sole diets or as supplements to their mothers' expressed milk. Surviving infants were assessed at nine months after their expected date of delivery without knowledge of their feeding regimen. The mean developmental quotient was 0.25 standard deviations lower in those fed donor breast milk rather than preterm formula. In infants fed their mother's expressed milk, however, the disadvantage of receiving banked milk compared with preterm formula as a supplement, was greater when the supplement was over half the total intake, and approached five points, representing 0.5 standard deviations for developmental quotient. Infants fed donor breast milk were at particular disadvantage following fetal growth retardation, with developmental quotients 5.3 points lower. We suggest that the diet used for low birthweight babies over a brief, but perhaps critical, postnatal period has developmental consequences that persist into infancy; infants who are small for gestational age are especially vulnerable to suboptimal postnatal nutrition.
Lucas, A; Morley, R; Cole, T J; Gore, S M; Davis, J A; Bamford, M F; Dossetor, J F
Improved bacterial baby machine: application to Escherichia coli K-12.
Exponentially growing derivatives of Escherichia coli K-12 were immobilized onto the surfaces of nitrocellulose membrane filters which had been coated with poly-D-lysine. The cells attached firmly to the surfaces, and when flushed with culture medium, the immobilized cells continued to divide and newborn cells were released into the effluent. Cell cycle parameters were examined with the technique, and it was found that K-12 derivatives possessed differing values for interdivision times, C, D, and average cell sizes when grown in the same culture media. It was also found that the cells released from immobilized populations of one culture consisted of two predominant size classes: newborn cells of unit size with single nucleoids and newborn cells of double this unit size. The results demonstrated that K-12 derivatives can be used in the baby machine culture technique to examine all aspects of the cell cycle of this organism. Furthermore, the yield of newborn cells was about fivefold greater than that obtained previously with cultures of strain B/r immobilized onto uncoated membranes.
Helmstetter, C E; Eenhuis, C; Theisen, P; Grimwade, J; Leonard, A C
Microbial 'old friends', immunoregulation and socioeconomic status.
The immune system evolved to require input from at least three sources that we collectively term the 'old friends': (i) the commensal microbiotas transmitted by mothers and other family members; (ii) organisms from the natural environment that modulate and diversify the commensal microbiotas; and (iii) the 'old' infections that could persist in small isolated hunter-gatherer groups as relatively harmless subclinical infections or carrier states. These categories of organism had to be tolerated and co-evolved roles in the development and regulation of the immune system. By contrast, the 'crowd infections' (such as childhood virus infections) evolved later, when urbanization led to large communities. They did not evolve immunoregulatory roles because they either killed the host or induced solid immunity, and could not persist in hunter-gatherer groups. Because the western lifestyle and medical practice deplete the 'old' infections (for example helminths), immunoregulatory disorders have increased, and the immune system has become more dependent upon microbiotas and the natural environment. However, urbanization maintains exposure to the crowd infections that lack immunoregulatory roles, while accelerating loss of exposure to the natural environment. This effect is most pronounced in individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) who lack rural second homes and rural holidays. Interestingly, large epidemiological studies indicate that the health benefits of living close to green spaces are most pronounced for individuals of low SES. Here we discuss the immunoregulatory role of the natural environment, and how this may interact with, and modulate, the proinflammatory effects of psychosocial stressors in low SES individuals. PMID:24401109
Rook, G A W; Raison, C L; Lowry, C A
Bonobos protect and console friends and kin.
Post-conflict third-party affiliation has been reported to have different functional meanings, one of them being consolation. Here, we tested the main hypotheses that have been put forth to explain the presence of this phenomenon at a functional level in the bonobo: Self-Protection Hypothesis, Victim-Protection Hypothesis, Relationship-Repair or Substitute for Reconciliation Hypothesis, and Consolation Hypothesis. By analyzing the data collected over 10 years, we investigated what factors affected the distribution of both spontaneous third party affiliation (initiated by the bystander) and solicited third party affiliation (initiated by the victim). We considered factors related to the individual features (sex, rank, age) of victim and bystander, their relationship quality (kinship, affiliation), and the effect that third party affiliation had on the victim (such as protection against further attacks and anxiety reduction). Both spontaneous and solicited third party affiliation reduced the probability of further aggression by group members on the victim (Victim-Protection Hypothesis supported). Yet, only spontaneous affiliation reduced victim anxiety (measured via self-scratching), thus suggesting that the spontaneous gesture--more than the protection itself--works in calming the distressed subject. The victim may perceive the motivational autonomy of the bystander, who does not require an invitation to provide post-conflict affiliative contact. Moreover, spontaneous--but not solicited--third party affiliation was affected by the bond between consoler and victim, being the relationship between consoler and aggressor irrelevant to the phenomenon distribution (Consolation Hypothesis supported). Spontaneous affiliation followed the empathic gradient described for humans, being mostly offered to kin, then friends, then acquaintances. Overall, our findings do not only indicate the consolatory function of spontaneous third-party affiliation but they also suggest that consolation in the bonobo may be an empathy-based phenomenon. PMID:24223924
Palagi, Elisabetta; Norscia, Ivan
Thrombopoietin has a primary role in the regulation of platelet production in preterm babies.
Thrombocytopenia in the first days of life, in association with evidence of reduced megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production at birth, is common in sick preterm babies. Thrombopoietin (Tpo) is the major regulator of platelet production in adults. However, these babies have low Tpo levels at birth, suggesting that the Tpo response to thrombocytopenia may be impaired. To test this hypothesis we 1) measured Tpo levels, 2) measured circulating megakaryocyte progenitors serially over the first 12 d of life in 13 preterm babies with early onset thrombocytopenia and in 14 control babies with evidence of normal megakaryocytopoiesis, and 3) measured Tpo levels in thrombocytopenic children (n = 13). In control babies, platelet counts and progenitor numbers remained normal and Tpo levels were consistently low-d 1:160+/-23 pg/mL (mean+/-SEM), d 4/5: 154+/-18 pg/mL and d 12: 150+/-58 pg/mL. In thrombocytopenic babies, platelet counts and megakaryocyte progenitor numbers were significantly lower than controls at d 1: platelets 130+/-14 x 10(9)/L versus 255+/-20 x 10(9)/L (p < 0.001) and megakaryocyte progenitors 552 versus 3907 colonies/mL (mean, p < 0.001), and fell further to nadir on d 4/5: platelets 76+/-6 X 10(9)/L versus 259+/-21 x 10(9)/L (p < 0.001) and MK progenitors 479 versus 2742 colonies/mL (p < 0.05). Tpo levels were only slightly raised on d 1:247+/-52 pg/mL (p = 0.24), but then rose sharply by d 4/5: 425+/-75 pg/mL (p < 0.001). By d 12, platelet count, megakaryocyte progenitors and Tpo level (145+/-29 pg/mL) had returned to control levels. Tpo levels at platelet nadir in thrombocytopenic babies were significantly lower than in thrombocytopenic children: mean 425 versus 1383 pg/mL (p < 0.001). These data show that Tpo is important in platelet homeostasis in preterm babies, with a close reciprocal relationship with platelet count and progenitor numbers during thrombocytopenia. However, the increase in Tpo levels seen in these babies was modest, despite significantly impaired megakaryocytopoiesis, and when compared with that seen in children with thrombocytopenia. This offers further evidence that preterm babies have an impaired Tpo response to thrombocytopenia and suggests that recombinant human Tpo may have a role in the prevention/treatment of preterm thrombocytopenia. PMID:10400130
Watts, T L; Murray, N A; Roberts, I A
Perceptions of friendship among youth with distressed friends.
This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between a friend's level of internalizing distress and the focal child's perceptions of friendship amongst 5th, 8th, and 11th grade youth. Participants completed the Youth Self-Report to assess internalizing distress and measures assessing perceptions of friendship quality, social support, and self-disclosure within reciprocal, same-sex friendship dyads. Results indicated that youth with friends experiencing low levels of internalizing distress reported poorer friendship quality and decreased levels of social support and self-disclosure within the friendship compared to youth with friends experiencing average or high internalizing distress. In a second set of analyses controlling for the focal child's own internalizing symptoms, gender, and age, friend's level of internalizing distress remained a significant, unique predictor of target participants' self-disclosure about their own problems within the friendship. The findings suggest that a mild degree of internalizing distress may enhance, rather than harm, friendships amongst youth. PMID:23605775
Hill, Erin N; Swenson, Lance P
Somebody in My Friend's Family Died. What Should I Do?
... to be great," thought Kate. Her best friend, Sarah, had been absent from school for the last ... home from school had been lonely. She missed Sarah at lunchtime, too. But today Sarah was coming ...
Friend-foe Discrimination, Caffeine, and Sentry Duty.
In war, the sentry must continually and rapidly detect targets, correctly discriminate friend from foe and shoot with accuracy. Past research shows that caffeine enhances the sentry's target detection speed when all targets are foes. This study evaluates ...
R. F. Johnson D. J. Merullo
Making and Keeping Friends: A Self-Help Guide
... Making Friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Guidelines for Keeping Your Friendships Strong. . . . . . . . 4 Establishing and Honoring Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Resolving Problems ... connection even without any dialogue with others. ? Volunteer. Strong connections often are formed when people work together ...
76 FR 12989 - Draft Fish and Wildlife Service Friends Policy
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS-R9-R-2011-N030...93261-1263-000-5C] RIN 1018-AX35 Draft Fish and Wildlife Service Friends Policy AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION:...
Grid FriendlyTM Device Model Development and Simulation.
In late 2007, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) contracted Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to complete a research project titled Grid-Responsive Demand-Side Control Using Grid Friendly Appliance Technologies (Hammerstrom 2009, DeStees...
D. J. Hammerstrom N. Lu S. Patrick
Patient-friendly IVF: how should it be defined?
Patient-friendly'' IVF must be associated with a healthy newborn achieved in a safe, cost-effective, and timely manner. Patients are best served when physicians provide honest appraisal of treatment techniques and out- comes using the evidence available from scientific study. (Fertil Steril? 2007;88:547-9. ? 2007 by American So- ciety for Reproductive Medicine.) Traditionally, physicians have defined ''patient-friendly'' care as the best
Eric Flisser; Richard T. Scott; Alan B. Copperman
High School and Beyond: Friends [machine-readable data file].
The "Friends" machine-readable data file (MRDF) is a part of the larger "High School and Beyond" (HS&B) class of 1980 survey which was administered in 1980 to a national sample of over 30,000 sophomores and 28,000 seniors from 1,015 high schools throughout the United States. The "Friends" film includes data from over 58,000 respondents, all of�
National Opinion Research Center, Chicago, IL.
The Social Tunnel Versus the Python: A New Way to Understand the Impact of Baby Booms and Baby Busts on a Society.
Maintains that the "python analogy," often used to help students understand the negative societal impact of unusually small or large age cohorts, is better replaced by the social tunnel analogy, which is diagramed and illustrated with reference to the educational problems experienced in the United States as a result of the World War II baby boom.�
McFalls, Joseph A.; And Others
Comparison of migration from polyethersulphone and polycarbonate baby bottles.
This work presents two analytical methods developed for measuring three components of polyethersulphone (PES) and applying them to the migration testing of 30 baby bottles made of PES. The study also provides migration results under the same conditions for bisphenol A (BPA) from 40 polycarbonate baby bottles using a well-established method adapted to low concentrations. For PES bottles, migration of diphenyl sulphone (DPS), 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulphone (DCPS) and 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulphone (DHPS; also known as bisphenol S) was carried out using two different analytical methods with detection limits of 0.1-0.3 �g/kg, and, therefore, much below their respective European Commission Directive 2002/72/EC legislative migration limits of 50-3000 �g/kg, respectively. In parallel, 40 bottles made of polycarbonate were analysed for the migration of BPA using a method validated at EU level and modified to give a lower detection limit of 0.1 �g/kg. Migration tests were conducted into the simulant for milk 50% EtOH (as per Commission Regulation No. 321/2011 of 1 April 2011) according to the test conditions from the guidelines on test conditions for articles in contact with foodstuffs (with a focus on kitchenware) prepared by the EU Reference Laboratory and its network of National Reference Laboratories. None of the 30 bottles made of PES released any detectable amounts of DCPS or DHPS and only two bottles released a very low amount of DPS of ~1 �g/kg in the milk food simulant compared to a regulatory limit of 3000 �g/kg. For PC bottles, 32 bottles of 40 (80%) did not release BPA above the LOD of 0.1 �g/kg (in any of the three migration tests performed on each bottle). The other 20% of bottles exhibited only very minor migration, where the highest level in the first migration test was 1.83 �g/kg and most bottles did not release detectable BPA in the second and third test. Only one bottle, with a migration level of 1.08 �g/kg, in the first test still showed a detectable level in the last migration test (i.e. 0.42 �g/kg). It is important to note that the legal limit (European Commission Directive 2002/72/EC) was still 600 �g/kg for polycarbonate bottles at the time of purchase, preceding the precautionary ban taking effect from 1 June 2011 (Commission Directive 2011/8/EU; Commission Regulation No. 321/2011). This confirms that the likelihood of migration of BPA is very low and remains at very minute amounts. The results also suggest the absence of release from PES bottles based on the set of bottles investigated. PMID:21988286
Simoneau, C; Valzacchi, S; Morkunas, V; Van den Eede, L
Two hour blood glucose levels in at-risk babies: An audit of Canadian guidelines
BACKGROUND: The Canadian guidelines recommend blood glucose (BG) screening starting at 2 h of age in asymptomatic �at-risk� babies (including small-for-gestational-age [SGA] and large-for-gestational-age [LGA] infants), with intervention cut-offs of 1.8 mmol/L and 2.6 mmol/L. The present study reviews and audits this practice in full-term newborn populations. METHODS: A literature review meta-analyzed BG values in appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) term newborns to establish normal 1 h, 2 h and 3 h values. A clinical review audited screening of �at-risk� SGA and LGA term newborns, evaluating both clinical burden and validity. RESULTS: The review included six studies, although none clearly defined the plasma glucose standard. The pooled mean (plasma) BG level in AGA babies 2 h of age was 3.35 mmol/L (SD=0.77), significantly higher than 1 h levels (3.01 mmol/L, SD=0.96). In the audit, 78 SGA and 142 LGA babies each had an average of 6.0 and 4.7 BG tests, respectively. The mean 2 h BG levels for SGA (3.42 mmol/L, SD=1.02) and LGA (3.31 mmol/L, SD=0.66) babies did not differ significantly from the AGA pooled mean. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that 2 h BG levels in LGA and SGA babies predicted later hypoglycemia (defined as a BG level lower than 2.6 mmol/L), but sensitivities and specificities were poor. CONCLUSIONS: Published 2 h BG levels for AGA babies are higher than 1 h values and are similar to audited 2 h levels in SGA and LGA babies. Clinically, 2 h levels are predictive of later hypoglycemia but may require repeat BG testing. Audit is an important tool to validate national guidelines, to minimize their burden and to maximize their utility.
Croke, Jennifer; Sullivan, Meagan; Ryan-Drover, Anne; Randell, Ed; Andrews, Wayne; Aziz, Khalid
Organism-specific platelet response and factors affecting survival in thrombocytopenic very low birth weight babies with sepsis
Objective:To study organism-specific platelet response and factors affecting survival in thrombocytopenic very low birth weight (VLBW) babies with sepsis.Study Design:Very low birth weight babies (birth weight <1500 g) admitted to a single level-three intensive care unit from January 2000 to December 2005 were prospectively evaluated for sepsis by rapid screen test, blood counts and blood culture. In thrombocytopenic babies, organism-specific
M A Bhat; J I Bhat; M S Kawoosa; S M Ahmad; S W Ali
'Going green' in food services: Can health care adopt environmentally friendly practices?
Sustainability and the environment are issues influencing individual and organizational choices on purchasing, waste management, and energy-saving practices. The food service industry and related stakeholders have reported active pursuit of initiatives to reduce environmental impacts. We examine reported environmentally friendly practices being implemented in the food service industry and consider ways in which health care or hospital food services can adopt some of these programs. Building and equipment, waste management, food, and non-food supplies and procurement are considered. Suggestions are made for small changes to start the green initiative in each of these areas. A health care food service department is a large consumer of resources, and therefore food service workers, managers, dietitians, and administrators can make a significant difference by supporting and adopting environmentally friendly practices. Further studies are needed to determine which practices are currently being implemented in health care facilities in Canada, as well as perceived facilitators and barriers to these practices in the food service area. PMID:21382231
Wilson, Elisa D; Garcia, Alicia C
Congenital malformations at birth in Central India: A rural medical college hospital based data
OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of congenital anomalies and the associated risk factors in Department of Pediatrics at Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, a rural medical college hospital in central Maharashtra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the intramural deliveries between 1 January 2005 and 31 July 2007 comprised 9386 births and their 9324 mothers (62 mothers gave birth to twin babies). The newborns were examined and assessed systematically for the presence of congenital anomalies, system wise distribution of anomalies and risk factors attributable. RESULTS: Out of the total 9386 deliveries, 9194 were live births and 192 were stillbirths. The total number of babies with congenital malformations was 179 (1.91%). Out of the 9262 singleton births, 177 (1.05%) were malformed, whereas 2 of the 62 pairs of twins had birth defects. Nine of the 179 malformed babies (5.02%) were still born. Prematurity, increased maternal age, increasing birth order and low birth weight were found to have a higher risk of congenital anomalies. Cardiovascular malformations were most common in live births, followed by musculoskeletal and genitourinary anomalies. CONCLUSION: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of stillbirths and infant mortality. Evaluation of cardiovascular system to rule out congenital heart disease in high-risk mothers� babies is the important factor to be considered.
Taksande, Amar; Vilhekar, Krishna; Chaturvedi, Pushpa; Jain, Manish
Friends of nursing: a community of caring to promote excellence in nursing practice, education, and research.
More than 25 years ago, the name "Friends of Nursing" was adopted by an academic, community Magnet(�) hospital to signify a model for community support of nursing. From inception, the intent was to recruit philanthropic dollars to promote recognition of and excellence in nursing practice, education, and research. Although philanthropy in health care settings is common, what is unique about this program is the long-standing, dedicated conceptual framework for nursing philanthropy and the very significant number of philanthropic dollars from literally thousands of donors to support a diverse range of activities to affect and advance the professional excellence of nurses and the quality of patient care. This model has been successfully replicated within a wide variety of other health care organizations and nursing services throughout the United States and abroad. PMID:22320159
Hitchings, Kim S; Capuano, Terry Ann; Herzog, Mary Ellen
National Hospital Discharge Survey
The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), which has been conducted annually since 1965, collects data from a sample of approximately 270,000 inpatient records acquired from a national sample of about 500 hospitals. Only hospitals with an average length of stay of fewer than 30 days for all patients, general hospitals, or children's general hospitals are included in the survey. Information collected includes diagnoses, surgical and nonsurgical procedures, prescription and over-the-counter drugs, immunizations, allergy shots, anesthetics, and dietary supplements.
[Syzran Military Hospital].
In 2011 Central Military Hospital Syzran Military District--the former 417-th Syzransky garrison military hospital Russian Defense Ministry--celebrated the 65th anniversary. At different periods in the hospital were deployed 50, 100 and 150 beds in 3, 4 and 6 units, respectively. Currently Syzran Military Hospital, part of the Federal State Institution "354 District Military Clinical Hospital", the Russian Defense Ministry-- a multi-facility consisting of 6 diagnostic and treatment departments and offices. PMID:22329178
Domogarova, S V
Eco-nomics. Despite a tough economy, many CIOs are incorporating eco-friendly initiatives into their strategies.
* Several health systems have adopted environmentally friendly practices like computer recycling programs, energy-efficient lighting, carpooling programs, and building design components that limit water usage. * Vendors are offering more energy-efficient products like virtualization software and switching equipment. * ClOs are reducing power usage and costs by consolidating servers, installing more efficient chilling systems, and implementing policies to power down desktops that aren't in use. * Green IT can be a difficult conceptto sell to CEOs and hospital boards unless it goes hand-in-hand with cost savings. PMID:19645180
Gamble, Kate Huvane
Friends don't let friends suffer from depression: how threat, efficacy, knowledge, and empathy relate to college students'; intentions to intervene on behalf of a depressed friend.
Mental health-specifically, depression-is of growing concern to health professionals and the public. Health messages can be used to increase the number of people receiving treatment for depressive disorders. The effectiveness of these messages may be amplified by including an interpersonal influence component, such as encouraging individuals to intervene if they suspect a friend or family member is suffering from depression. The purposes of this study were to (a) explore college students'; behavioral intentions when presented with an opportunity to intervene on behalf of a depressed friend, (b) examine the potential of the Extended Parallel Process Model to help direct message design using efficacy and threat, and (c) investigate the respective influences of empathy and knowledge on behavioral intentions related to intervening on behalf of a depressed friend. Results indicated that self-efficacy and response efficacy, as well as perceived knowledge, could be used to help determine students'; readiness to talk with a friend who may be suffering from depression. Empathy (specifically empathic concern and perspective-taking) can also play a significant role in health promotion efforts that blend media and interpersonal health messages. PMID:24377435
Egbert, Nichole; Miraldi, Lori B; Murniadi, Krishnamurti
The relationship of baby boomers' participation motivation in leisure sports with recovery resilience and life satisfaction.
This study aimed to provide basic materials for resolving the problems of baby boomers, emerging as a social issue by identifying the effect of baby boomers' participation motivation in leisure sports activities on recovery resilience and life satisfaction empirically. Using the convenience sampling method, the subjects were conducted by baby boomer's 323 person lived in Seoul and Gyeong-in, 2012, excluding the missing question paper of 27 person. For accomplishing this purpose of the study, the survey questionnaires were used to collect data. Collected data was processed by factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression, SPSS for Win V 18.0 program. From the analysis of this study, the following conclusion were obtained: First, among participation motivation factors of baby boomers in leisure sports activities, psychological stability and health pursuit had a significant effect on all factors of recovery resilience, while among motivation of personal relationships had a significant effect on the sub-factors of recovery resilience; empathy, optimism, and self-efficacy. Second, among participation motivation factors of baby boomers in leisure sports activities, psychological stability, personal relationships, and health pursuit had a significant effect on life satisfaction. PMID:24278870
Koo, Jae-Eun; Lee, Gwang-Uk
Increased migration levels of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles after dishwashing, boiling and brushing.
Baby bottles are often made of polycarbonate plastic. Impurities remaining in the bottle from the monomer bisphenol A can migrate from the plastic bottles into baby food, thereby causing a health concern. Previous migration testing of new baby bottles showed only trace migration levels of the substance. In the present work, polycarbonate baby bottles were subjected to simulated use by dishwashing, boiling and brushing. Migration testing performed with both new and used bottles revealed a significant increase in migration of bisphenol A due to use. This finding might be explained by polymer degradation. Bisphenol A was determined in 200-ml samples of water food simulant by a method based on solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The detection limit was 0.1 microg l(-1). Twelve different polycarbonate baby bottles were tested by filling them with hot water (100 degrees C) for 1 h. The mean bisphenol A level from new bottles was 0.23 + -0.12 microg l(-1), while the mean levels from bottles subjected to simulated use were 8.4 + -4 microg l(-1) (dishwashed 51 times) and 6.7 + -4 microg l(-1) (dishwashed 169 times), respectively. None of the bottles released bisphenol A at levels that exceed the recently established provisional tolerable daily intake (0.01 mg kg(-1) body weight/day) in the European Union. PMID:12888395
Brede, C; Fjeldal, P; Skjevrak, I; Herikstad, H
Baby schema in human and animal faces induces cuteness perception and gaze allocation in children.
The baby schema concept was originally proposed as a set of infantile traits with high appeal for humans, subsequently shown to elicit caretaking behavior and to affect cuteness perception and attentional processes. However, it is unclear whether the response to the baby schema may be extended to the human-animal bond context. Moreover, questions remain as to whether the cute response is constant and persistent or whether it changes with development. In the present study we parametrically manipulated the baby schema in images of humans, dogs, and cats. We analyzed responses of 3-6 year-old children, using both explicit (i.e., cuteness ratings) and implicit (i.e., eye gaze patterns) measures. By means of eye-tracking, we assessed children's preferential attention to images varying only for the degree of baby schema and explored participants' fixation patterns during a cuteness task. For comparative purposes, cuteness ratings were also obtained in a sample of adults. Overall our results show that the response to an infantile facial configuration emerges early during development. In children, the baby schema affects both cuteness perception and gaze allocation to infantile stimuli and to specific facial features, an effect not simply limited to human faces. In line with previous research, results confirm human positive appraisal toward animals and inform both educational and therapeutic interventions involving pets, helping to minimize risk factors (e.g., dog bites). PMID:24847305
Borgi, Marta; Cogliati-Dezza, Irene; Brelsford, Victoria; Meints, Kerstin; Cirulli, Francesca
Designing new growth charts for low-birth weight babies: Need of the hour in India.
Literature reveals theories explaining low birth weight (LBW) babies' unplanned catch-up growth is related to several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adult-life. Is the current growth chart as per World Health Organization child growth standards of healthy breast feed infants and young child is applicable for even LBW or small for gestational age babies? There are high chances that these LBW babies who are growing "in their centiles" will be diagnosed as mild or moderate protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in clinical settings as the current diagnostic criteria for PEM do not include birth weight as an indicator. Besides they are encouraged for home based extra caloric food to gain weight and thereby encouraging them to "crossing the percentile" in the growth curve. Do these managements really benefit the baby or are we inadvertently exposing them to increased future risk of adult diseases must be considered seriously. Thus, we may require revision to make a separate standardized growth chart for LBW babies indicating how they should grow. PMID:24820984
Roy, Pritam; Goel, Manish Kumar; Rasania, Sanjeev Kumar
Experience of remifentanil in extremely low-birth-weight babies undergoing laparotomy.
Premature babies experience pain and require adequate analgesia for any painful procedure. Fentanyl and morphine resulted in safe and effective anesthesia in the past; however, their pharmacokinetics may be impaired in preterm babies with multiorgan failure. Remifentanil, despite the absence of available pharmacokinetic data in preterm infants and few reports in newborns, demonstrated its advantages in children undergoing either major surgery or minor painful procedures and has been shown to be useful even in neonates, because its elimination is independent of organ function. We report two cases of babies born at 26 weeks' and 27 weeks' gestation, weighing 580 g and 400 g, respectively, undergoing laparotomy for necrotizing enterocolitis. Both received midazolam bolus and remifentanil infusion at high doses. This technique seems to be an advantageous alternative even in extremely low-birth-weight prematures. Furthermore, it becomes a technique of choice in these babies because the available ventilators are often not equipped with halogenated vaporizers. Particularly in intensive care, where there are no scavenger systems, it could allow to operate without moving out the preterm babies and avoiding stress and hypothermia. PMID:21703563
Sammartino, Maria; Garra, Rossella; Sbaraglia, Fabio; De Riso, Mariella; Continolo, Nicola; Papacci, Patrizia
Baby schema in human and animal faces induces cuteness perception and gaze allocation in children
The baby schema concept was originally proposed as a set of infantile traits with high appeal for humans, subsequently shown to elicit caretaking behavior and to affect cuteness perception and attentional processes. However, it is unclear whether the response to the baby schema may be extended to the human-animal bond context. Moreover, questions remain as to whether the cute response is constant and persistent or whether it changes with development. In the present study we parametrically manipulated the baby schema in images of humans, dogs, and cats. We analyzed responses of 3�6 year-old children, using both explicit (i.e., cuteness ratings) and implicit (i.e., eye gaze patterns) measures. By means of eye-tracking, we assessed children�s preferential attention to images varying only for the degree of baby schema and explored participants� fixation patterns during a cuteness task. For comparative purposes, cuteness ratings were also obtained in a sample of adults. Overall our results show that the response to an infantile facial configuration emerges early during development. In children, the baby schema affects both cuteness perception and gaze allocation to infantile stimuli and to specific facial features, an effect not simply limited to human faces. In line with previous research, results confirm human positive appraisal toward animals and inform both educational and therapeutic interventions involving pets, helping to minimize risk factors (e.g., dog bites).