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Muscle Strength and BMI as Predictors of Major Mobility Disability in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P)
PubMed Central
Background. Muscle weakness and obesity are two significant threats to mobility facing the increasing number of older adults. To date, there are no studies that have examined the association of strength and body mass index (BMI) on event rates on a widely used performance measure of major mobility disability. Methods. This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in which sedentary functionally limited participants (70¢89 years, Short Physical Performance Battery ? 9) who were able to complete a 400-m walk test at baseline were randomized to a physical activity or health education intervention and reassessed for major mobility disability every 6 months for up to 18 months. We evaluated whether baseline grip strength and BMI predicted failure to complete the 400-m walk test in 15 minutes or less (major mobility disability). Results. Among N = 406 participants with baseline measures, lower grip strength was associated with an increased risk for developing major mobility disability, with and without covariate adjustment (p < .01): The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for the lowest versus high sex-specific quartile of grip strength was 6.11 (2.24¢16.66). We observed a U-shaped relationship between baseline BMI and the risk of developing major mobility disability, such that the risk for participants with a BMI of 25¢29 kg/m2 was approximately half that of participants with BMI less than 25 or 30 kg/m2 or more (p = .04 in fully adjusted analyses). Conclusions. Our data highlight the importance of muscle weakness, low BMI, and obesity as risk factors for major mobility disability in older adults. Being overweight may be protective for major mobility disability.
Rejeski, W. Jack; Espeland, Mark A.; Miller, Michael E.; Church, Timothy S.; Fielding, Roger A.; Gill, Thomas M.; Guralnik, Jack M.; Newman, Anne B.; Pahor, Marco
Mobilizing the Moral Majority.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
The Moral Majority has been more successful in mobilizing conservative Christians than three other evangelical groups--Third Century Publishers, Christian Voice, and the Religious Roundtable. According to the literature on social movements, four possible explanations for the success of such groups are that they have access to financial resources,ģ
Liebman, Robert C.
Objective To examine cross-sectional associations between mobility with or without disability and social engagement in a community-based sample of older adults Methods Social engagement of participants (n=676) was outside the home (participation in organizations and use of senior centers) and in home (talking by phone and use of internet). Logistic or proportional odds models evaluated the association between social engagement and position in the disablement process (no mobility limitations, mobility limitations/no disability, and mobility limitations/disability). Results Low mobility was associated with lower level of social engagement of all forms (OR=0.59, CI: 0.41¢0.85 for organizations; OR=0.67, CI: 0.42¢1.06 for senior center; OR=0.47, CI: 0.32¢0.70 for phone; OR=0.38, CI: 0.23¢0.65 for internet). For social engagement outside the home, odds of engagement were further reduced for individuals with disability. Discussion Low mobility is associated with low social engagement even in the absence of disability; associations with disability differed by type of social engagement.
Rosso, Andrea L.; Taylor, Jennifer A.; Tabb, Loni Philip; Michael, Yvonne L.
Understanding mobile phone requirements for young adults with cognitive disabilities
Microsoft Academic Search
Mobile phones have transformed the way we communicate with friends and family, coordinate our daily activities, and organize our lives. For families with children with cognitive disabilities there is widespread hope, though not always fulfilled, that personal technologies - particularly mobile phones - can bring a dramatic increase in their children's level of safety, independence, and social connectedness. In this
Melissa Dawe
Smoking and alcohol consumption patterns among elderly Canadians with mobility disabilities
Background Mobility disability is a major adverse health outcome associated with aging and an impediment to older adultsÆ well-being and behaviors in social and leisure activities. It has been shown that lifestyle factors, including smoking and alcohol consumption, have been used as coping strategies to deal with the negative impact of disability. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption among older Canadians with different levels of mobility disabilities and to examine factors associated with these two lifestyle patterns among those with disabilities. Methods Secondary data analysis was performed using individuals (n?=?6,038) aged 65Āyears and older from both the 2001 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey and the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey. Multivariate logistic regressions examined the relationship between disability severity and smoking as well as alcohol consumption while controlling for potential confounding socioeconomic factors. Results The proportion of current smokers among seniors with less-severe and more-severe mobility disabilities and those in the general population was comparable with 12.55%, 11.57% and 11.93%, respectively. Forty-eight percent of seniors in the general population consumed alcohol regularly, compared to only 12.85% with more-severe mobility disabilities. No significant association was shown between the severity level of mobility disabilities and smoking (odds ratio?=?0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.08). However, seniors having more-severe disability were less likely to consume alcohol regularly (odds ratio?=?0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.65, 0.89). Other variables including age, gender, income, living status, and social participation also impacted these lifestyle patterns among the study population. Conclusions Smoking and alcohol patterns present different associations with the severity level of mobility disabilities. Compared with the general population, elderly Canadians with mobility disabilities had similar smoking prevalence but differ significantly in terms of alcohol consumption. Results from this research will be relevant to decision makers involved in program planning, health education, and policy development as it pertains to the prevention and management of age-related disability.
Disability and cross-border mobility: comparing resettlement experiences of Cambodian and Somali refugees with disabilities
This paper explores disabled peopleÆs access to cross-border mobility within the context of refugee resettlement. The research presented in this paper stems from an ethnographic study involving in-depth interviews, focus groups and participant observations with 15 disabled Somali and Cambodian refugees resettled in the United States. The study combined ethnographic data with information obtained from key experts and interpretive analysis
Mansha Mirza
Mobile Health: The Potential of Mobile Telephony to Bring Health Care to the Majority
This paper examines the current and emerging trends in mobile health, with particular emphasis on lessons learned and on potential opportunities for Latin America to apply mobile services to health care efforts to benefit the majority of people.
Antonio Giuffrida; Shireen El-Wahab; Rafael Anta
Physical Activity Among Persons Aging with Mobility Disabilities: Shaping a Research Agenda
With the aging of the baby boomer population and their accompanying burden of disease, future disability rates are expected to increase. This paper summarizes the state of the evidence regarding physical activity and aging for individuals with mobility disability and proposes a healthy aging research agenda for this population. Using a previously published framework, we present evidence in order to compile research recommendations in four areas focusing on older adults with mobility disability: (1) prevalence of physical activity, (2) health benefits of physical activity, (3) correlates of physical activity participation, and, (4) promising physical activity intervention strategies. Overall, findings show a dearth of research examining physical activity health benefits, correlates (demographic, psychological, social, and built environment), and interventions among persons aging with mobility disability. Further research is warranted.
Rosenberg, Dori E.; Bombardier, Charles H.; Hoffman, Jeanne M.; Belza, Basia
Effects of Increased Mobility Skills on Meaningful Life Participation for an Adult with Severe Multiple Disabilities
This article presents a case study of an adult with severe, multiple disabilities and discusses issues affecting meaningful life participation. Emphasis is placed on the role of functional mobility skills to increase active engagement in age-appropriate activities and opportunities to make informed choices. MOVE for Adults (Mobility Opportunitiesģ
Whinnery, Stacie B.; Whinnery, Keith W.
Health Major Incident : The Experiences of Mobile Medical Team During Major Flood
Disaster is a sudden event that associated with ecological changes, disruption of normal daily activities, destruction of infrastructures, loss of properties, and medical disabilities. In disaster, there is a mismatch between available resources and patients need for healthcare service. During flood disaster, the victims were predisposed to different type of illnesses for various reasons such as inadequate supply of clean water, poor sanitation or drainage system, unhealthy foods, and over-crowded relief centers. Mobile clinic is an option for delivering medical care for the disaster victims who often have a difficulty to access to the medical facilities. In this article we would like to share our experiences during the provision of humanitarian services for flood victims at District of Muar Johor. Common illnesses among the flood victims at visited relief centers and advantages of Mobile Medical Relief Team were also highlighted and discussed.
Ahmad, Rashidi; Mohamad, Zainalabidin; Noh, Abu Yazid Mohd; Mohamad, Nasir; Hamzah, Mohd Saharudin Shah Che; Mohammed, Nik Ariff Nik; Baharudin, Kamarul Aryffin; Kamauzaman, Tuan Hairulnizam Tuan
Health-risk behaviors and protective factors among adolescents with mobility impairments and learning and emotional disabilities
Purpose: To identify the risk involvement of three groups of young people with disabilities relative to a comparison group: mobility impairments, learning disabilities, and emotional disabilities. Protective factors are explored to identify which individual, family, and school factors are associated with diminished risk.Methods: Analyses are based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample
Robert W Blum; Anne Kelly; Marjorie Ireland
Minor depression: risk profiles, functional disability, health care use and risk of developing major depression
Background: minor depression has been found to affect quality of life, result in a increased service utilization, and lead to an increased risk of developing a major depression. In this study we examine risk profiles, functional disability, service utilization and the risk of developing major depression in minor depression. Methods: a random sample of the Dutch population (n=7076) was interviewed
Pim Cuijpers; Ron de Graaf; Saskia van Dorsselaer
Psoriasis causes as much disability as other major medical diseases
Background: Little is known about how the health-related quality of life (HRQL) associated with psoriasis compares with that of other patient populations. Objective: We describe HRQL associated with psoriasis and compare it with HRQL of patients with other major chronic health conditions. A second aim is to identify which specific aspects of psoriasis contribute most to HRQL. Methods: A total
Stephen R. Rapp; Steven R. Feldman; M. Lyn Exum; Alan B. Fleischer; David M. Reboussin
Developmental Disabilities: A Summary of Major Classifications and Glossary of Terms. Parent Awareness Program, 1982-1983. Revised.
Designed for use in adult education courses for parents of developmentally disabled children, this manual provides basic information about major categories of disabilities and a glossary of commonly encountered terms. After an introductory overview, the manual provides information about the characteristics and etiology of five disablingģ
Knudstrup, Katherine; And Others
Obstacle Course Training Can Improve Mobility and Prevent Falls in People with Intellectual Disabilities
Background: Persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) constitute a special-needs population at high risk of falling. This is the first study to evaluate whether obstacle course training can improve mobility and prevent falls in this population. Methods: The intervention was implemented as part of an institution-wide health care improvement planģ
Van Hanegem, E.; Enkelaar, L.; Smulders, E.; Weerdesteyn, V.
Outdoor Built Environment Barriers and Facilitators to Activity among Midlife and Older Adults with Mobility Disabilities
Purpose: To gain better understanding of how the built environment impacts neighborhood-based physical activity among midlife and older adults with mobility disabilities. Design and methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 35 adults over age 50, which used an assistive device and lived in King County, Washington, U.S. In addition,ģ
Rosenberg, Dori E.; Huang, Deborah L.; Simonovich, Shannon D.; Belza, Basia
Food Access Patterns and Barriers among Midlife and Older Adults with Mobility Disabilities
We examined where midlife and older adults with a mobility disability accessed food outside the home in King County, Washington, USA, how they travelled to these food destinations, and facilitators and barriers to food access using qualitative interviews. Thirty-five adults aged ?50 years with a mobility disability (defined as use of an assistive device for mobility) were interviewed. Supplemental objective information was obtained from a Global Positioning System device worn by participants for 3 days. Participants primarily accessed food at grocery stores, restaurants, and coffee shops/cafķs. The most common transportation modes were walking, obtaining a ride from friends, motorized chair/scooter, and public transit. Location and proximity of food destinations were factors affecting participants' ability to access these destinations. Adequate space, ease of entry, available amenities such as restrooms, and helpful people were facilitators for participants to access food outside the home.
Huang, Deborah L.; Rosenberg, Dori E.; Simonovich, Shannon D.; Belza, Basia
A Self-Reported Screening Tool for Detecting Community-Dwelling Older Persons with Frailty Syndrome in the Absence of Mobility Disability: The FiND Questionnaire
Background The ōfrailty syndromeö (a geriatric multidimensional condition characterized by decreased reserve and diminished resistance to stressors) represents a promising target of preventive interventions against disability in elders. Available screening tools for the identification of frailty in the absence of disability present major limitations. In particular, they have to be administered by a trained assessor, require special equipment, and/or do not discriminate between frail and disabled individuals. Aim of this study is to verify the agreement of a novel self-reported questionnaire (the ōFrail Non-Disabledö [FiND] instrument) designed for detecting non-mobility disabled frail older persons with results from reference tools. Methodology/Principal Findings Data are from 45 community-dwelling individuals aged ?60 years. Participants were asked to complete the FiND questionnaire separately exploring the frailty and disability domains. Then, a blinded assessor objectively measured the frailty status (using the phenotype proposed by Fried and colleagues) and mobility disability (using the 400-meter walk test). Cohen's kappa coefficients were calculated to determine the agreement between the FiND questionnaire with the reference instruments. Mean age of participants (women 62.2%) was 72.5 (standard deviation 8.2) years. Seven (15.6%) participants presented mobility disability as being unable to complete the 400-meter walk test. According to the frailty phenotype criteria, 25 (55.6%) participants were pre-frail or frail, and 13 (28.9%) were robust. Overall, a substantial agreement of the instrument with the reference tools (kappa?=?0.748, quadratic weighted kappa?=?0.836, both p values<0.001) was reported with only 7 (15.6%) participants incorrectly categorized. The agreement between results of the FiND disability domain and the 400-meter walk test was excellent (kappa?=?0.920, p<0.001). Conclusions/Significance The FiND questionnaire presents a very good capacity to correctly identify frail older persons without mobility disability living in the community. This screening tool may represent an opportunity for diffusing awareness about frailty and disability and supporting specific preventive campaigns.
Cesari, Matteo; Demougeot, Laurent; Boccalon, Henri; Guyonnet, Sophie; Abellan Van Kan, Gabor; Vellas, Bruno; Andrieu, Sandrine
Stability of parent report on mobility and self-care item scores of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory.
ABSTRACT Secondary analysis using data from a clinical trial was performed to evaluate the stability of individual items of the Mobility and Self-Care functional skills scales of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Parents of 113 children aged 1-6Āyears old with cerebral palsy completed the PEDI twice by questionnaire 6 months apart. An item was classified "unstable" if the score changed from capable to unable. The number of children with more than five unstable items and the number of items with more than five children having unstable scoring patterns were calculated. Nineteen children (17%) and 13 items had unstable scoring patterns. The majority of PEDI items demonstrated stability of parent scoring. Examination of unstable items suggests that parents may need assistance in understanding the difference between "usual" and "best" performance, interpreting descriptors such as "thoroughly," and maintaining the same context reference for outdoor mobility items. PMID:23931334
Worth, Melanie; Darrah, Johanna; Magill-Evans, Joyce; Wiart, Lesley; Law, Mary
Balance training to maintain mobility and prevent disability.
Balance is important for the safe performance of many activities that allow older people to remain independent in their community. Housework, cooking, shopping, and travel generally require the ability to stand, reach, turn, and bend down and pick up objects from the floor. Multiple interacting factors are implicated in the deterioration of balance. Several strategies have been tested to improve balance and reduce falls. Home-based individualized training that attempted to improve identified deficits reduced falls and improved physical performance and stabilized or reduced disability. Home-based exercise programs that included low-intensity strength and balance training have improved balance and reduced fall rates by about 40% compared to controls. Class-based exercise programs in senior centers or exercise centers have improved balance and physical performance, and some have reduced falls. Programs such as tai chi and social dance look promising and should be further investigated. PMID:14552939
Judge, James Oat
Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Prevalence, Type, and Mobility of Disabled People
This paper is the first in a series of four that collectively provide a substantial body of knowledge on the egress capabilities of disabled people who frequent public-assembly buildings. Here, the results are given of an analysis of survey data estimating the numbers and types of disabled people who are mobile beyond their own homes, the degree of assistance they
K. E. Boyce; T. J. Shields; G. W. H. Silcock
Gender differences in cognitive impairment and mobility disability in old age: a cross-sectional study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
This study aims to examine differences in cognitive impairment and mobility disability between older men and women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and to assess the extent to which these differences could be attributable to gender inequalities in life course social and health conditions. Data were collected on 981 men and women aged 50 and older in a 2010 cross-sectional health survey conducted in the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Leganķs cognitive test. Mobility disability was self-reported as having any difficulty walking 400 m without assistance. We used logistic regression to assess gender differences in cognitive impairment and mobility disability. Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 27.6% in women and 7.7% in men, and mobility disability was present in 51.7% of women and 26.5% of men. The women to men odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for cognitive impairment and mobility disability was 3.52 (1.98-6.28) and 3.79 (2.47-5.85), respectively, after adjusting for the observed life course social and health conditions. The female excess was only partially explained by gender inequalities in nutritional status, marital status and, to a lesser extent, education. Among men and women, age, childhood hunger, lack of education, absence of a partner and being underweight were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment, while age, childhood poor health, food insecurity and being overweight were risk factors for mobility disability. Enhancing nutritional status and education opportunities throughout life span could prevent cognitive impairment and mobility disability and partly reduce the female excess in these disabilities. PMID:23827740
Onadja, Yentķma; Atchessi, Nicole; Soura, Bassiahi Abdramane; Rossier, Clķmentine; Zunzunegui, Maria-Victoria
The effect of cervical traction combined with neural mobilization on pain and disability in cervical radiculopathy. A case report.
Cervical radiculopathy is the result of cervical nerve root pathology that may lead to chronic pain and disability. Although manual therapy interventions including cervical traction and neural mobilization have been advocated to decrease pain and disability caused by cervical radiculopathy, their analgesic effect has been questioned due to the low quality of research evidence. The purpose of this paper is to present the effect of cervical traction combined with neural mobilization on pain and disability in a patient experiencing cervical radiculopathy. A 52-year-old woman presented with a 2 month history of neurological cervico-brachial pain and whose presentation was consistent with cervical radiculopathy. Cervical traction and a slider neural mobilization of the medial nerve were applied simultaneously to reduce the patient's pain and disability measured at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, the Neck Disability Index and the Patient-Specific Functional Scale. Improvements in all outcome measures were noted over a period of four weeks. Scores in all outcome measures revealed that the patient's pain had almost disappeared and that she was able to perform her household chores and job tasks without difficulties and limitations. In conclusion, the findings of this study support that the application of cervical traction combined with neural mobilization can produce significant improvements in terms of pain and disability in cervical radiculopathy. PMID:22818658
Savva, Christos; Giakas, Giannis
Exploring Mobility Options for Children with Physical Disabilities: A Focus on Powered Mobility
The study by Tefft et al. (2011, in this issue) is one of the few studies that have explored the impact of pediatric powered mobility on families. The parents who participated in their study reported increased satisfaction with their children's social and play skills, ability to move independently, sleeping patterns, and public perception of theirģ
Wiart, Lesley
Health Status and Health Risks of the "Hidden Majority" of Adults with Intellectual Disability
Little is known about the health status of and health risks faced by adults with intellectual disability who do not use intellectual disability services. Self-report data collected from 1,022 people with mild intellectual disability in England indicated that people who do not use intellectual disability services are more likely to smoke tobaccoģ
Emerson, Eric
Mobile social network services for families with children with developmental disabilities.
As Internet technologies evolve, their applications have changed various aspects of human life. Here, we attempt to examine their potential impact on services for families with developmentally delayed children. Our research is thus designed to utilize wireless mobile communication technologies, location services, and search technology in an effort to match families of specific needs with potential care providers. Based on the investigation conducted by our counselors, this paper describes a platform for smooth communication between professional communities and families with children with developmental disabilities (CDD). This research also looks into the impact of management of mobile social network services and training on the operation of these services. Interaction opportunities, care, and support to families with CDD are introduced. PMID:21606040
Chou, Li-Der; Lai, Nien-Hwa; Chen, Yen-Wen; Chang, Yao-Jen; Yang, Jyun-Yan; Huang, Lien-Fu; Chiang, Wen-Ling; Chiu, Hung-Yi; Shin, Haw-Yun
Oxidative Damage, Platelet Activation, and Inflammation to Predict Mobility Disability and Mortality in Older Persons: Results From the Health Aging and Body Composition Study
Background. Inflammation, oxidative damage, and platelet activation are hypothesized biological mechanisms driving the disablement process. The aim of the present study is to assess whether biomarkers representing these mechanisms predicted major adverse health-related events in older persons. Methods. Data are from 2,234 community-dwelling nondisabled older persons enrolled in the Health Aging and Body Composition study. Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation (ie, urinary levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2?), platelet activation (ie, urinary levels of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2), and inflammation (serum concentrations of interleukin-6) were considered as independent variables of interest and tested in Cox proportional hazard models as predictors of (severe) mobility disability and overall mortality. Results. The sampleÆs (women 48.0%, whites 64.3%) mean age was 74.6 (SD 2.9) years. During the follow-up (median 11.4 years), 792 (35.5%), 269 (12.0%), and 942 (42.2%) events of mobility disability, severe mobility disability, and mortality occurred, respectively. Only interleukin-6 showed significant independent associations with the onset of all the study outcomes. Higher levels of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2? and 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 independently predicted increased risk of death (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.03¢1.19 and hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.06¢1.23, respectively). No significant interactions of gender, race, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and antiplatelet drugs were detected on the studied relationships. Conclusions. The inflammatory marker interleukin-6 is confirmed to be a robust predictor for the onset of negative health-related events. Participants with higher urinary levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2? and 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 presented a higher mortality risk.
Kritchevsky, Stephen B.; Nicklas, Barbara; Kanaya, Alka M.; Patrignani, Paola; Tacconelli, Stefania; Tranah, Gregory J.; Tognoni, Gianni; Harris, Tamara B.; Incalzi, Raffaele Antonelli; Newman, Anne B.; Pahor, Marco
Majority and Minority Ethnic Family Carers of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Perceptions of Challenging Behaviour and Family Impact
Background: A health service in an English city was concerned about its support to families with adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven minority ethnic and seven majority ethnic family members to explore perceptions of challenging behaviour, support and theģ
Hatton, Chris; Emerson, Eric; Kirby, Suzanne; Kotwal, Homayra; Baines, Susannah; Hutchinson, Christine; Dobson, Catherine; Marks, Bob
Effect of a multifactorial interdisciplinary intervention on mobility-related disability in frail older people: randomised controlled trial
Background Interventions that enhance mobility in frail older people are needed to maintain health and independence, yet definitive evidence of effective interventions is lacking. Our objective was to assess the impact of a multifactorial intervention on mobility-related disability in frail older people. Methods We conducted a randomised, controlled trial with 241 frail community-dwelling older people in Sydney, Australia. Participants were classified as frail using the Cardiovascular Health Study definition, did not have severe cognitive impairment and were recently discharged from an aged care and rehabilitation service. The experimental group received a 12 month multifactorial, interdisciplinary intervention targeting identified frailty components. Two physiotherapists delivered a home exercise program targeting mobility, and coordinated management of psychological and medical conditions with other health professionals. The control group received usual care. Disability in the mobility domain was measured at baseline and at 3 and 12 months using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. Participation (involvement in life situations) was assessed using the Life Space Assessment and the Goal Attainment Scale. Activity (execution of mobility tasks) was measured using the 4-metre walk and self-report measures. Results The mean age of participants was 83.3 years (SD: 5.9 years). Of the participants recruited, 216 (90%) were followed-up at 12 months. At this time point, the intervention group had significantly better scores than the control group on the Goal Attainment Scale (odds ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 3.3, P = 0.004) and Life Space Assessment (4.68 points, 95% CI 1.4 to 9.9, P = 0.005). There was no difference between groups on the global measure of participation or satisfaction with ability to get out of the house. At the activity level, the intervention group walked 0.05 m/s faster over 4 m (95% CI 0.0004 to 0.1, P = 0.048) than the control group, and scored higher on the Activity Measure for Post Acute Care (P < 0.001). Conclusions The intervention reduced mobility-related disability in frail older people. The benefit was evident at both the participation and activity levels of mobility-related disability. Trial registration Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ANZCTRN12608000507381.
Environmental barriers to and availability of healthy foods for people with mobility disabilities living in urban and suburban neighborhoods. Ś Measures of the Food Environment
Mojtahedi MC, Boblick P, Rimmer JH, Rowland JL, Jones RA, Braunschweig CL. Environmental barriers to and availability of healthy foods for people with mobility disabilities living in urban and suburban neighborhoods.
Use of accelerometry to measure physical activity in older adults at risk for mobility disability
We explored using the ActiGraph accelerometer to differentiate activity levels between participants in a physical activity (PA, n=54) or `successful aging' (SA) program (n = 52). The relationship between a PA questionnaire for older adults (CHAMPS) and accelerometry variables was also determined. Individualized accelerometry count thresholds (THRESHIND) measured during a 400-m walk were used to identify ōmeaningful activity.ö Participants then wore the ActiGraph for 7 days. Results indicated more activity boutsĘd?1 ? 10 min above THRESHIND in the PA group compared to SA group (1.1 ▒ 2.0 vs 0.5 ▒ 0.8, p = 0.05) and more activity countsĘd?1 above THRESHIND for the PA group (28,101 ▒ 27,521) compared to the SA group (17,234 ▒ 15,620, p = 0.02). Correlations between activity countsĘhr?1 and CHAMPS ranged from 0.27 ¢ 0.42, p<0.01. The ActiGraph and THRESHIND may be useful for differentiating PA levels in older adults at risk for mobility disability.
Pruitt, Leslie A.; Glynn, Nancy W.; King, Abby C.; Guralnik, Jack M.; Aiken, Erin K.; Miller, Gary; Haskell, William L.
Urban built environments and trajectories of mobility disability: findings from a national sample of community-dwelling American adults (1986-2001).
As people age, they become more dependent on their local communities, especially when they are no longer able to drive. Uneven or discontinuous sidewalks, heavy traffic, and inaccessible public transportation, are just some of the built environment characteristics that can create barriers for outdoor mobility in later adulthood. A small body of literature has been investigating the role of the built environment on disability, but has been limited to cross-sectional analyses. The purpose of this paper is to further advance this area of research by examining the role of the built environment on long-term trajectories of mobility disability in a national sample of American adults (age 45+) followed over a 15-year period. Using multilevel logistic growth curve models with nationally representative data from the Americans' Changing Lives Study (1986-2001), we find that trajectories of mobility disability are steeper in older age groups. Women and those with lower education had a higher odds of mobility disability over time. The presence of just one chronic health condition doubled the odds of mobility disability at each of the four study waves. Among older adults (age 75+), living in neighborhoods characterized by more motorized travel was associated with an odds ratio for mobility disability that was 1.5 times higher in any given year than for older adults living in environments that were more pedestrian friendly. These results suggest that the built environment can exacerbate mobility difficulties for older adults. When considering ways to minimize disability as the population ages, simple changes in the built environment may be easier to implement than efforts to change risk factors at the individual level. PMID:19643522
Clarke, Philippa; Ailshire, Jennifer A; Lantz, Paula
Motorcycles for the disabled: mobility, modernity and the transformation of experience in urban China.
This paper describes changes in people's attitudes toward and experiences of disability in contemporary China. In particular, it examines how, as a result of shifting gender structures and modernist modes of production, urban men who struggle to walk have adopted cycle technologies, and how this has caused Chinese society increasingly to associate these men with disability. The paper further details ways the young state-run advocacy organization, the China Disabled Persons' Federation, has contributed to these attitudinal and experiential shifts by providing more assistance to urban men who struggle to walk than to any other PRC citizens who might be considered disabled. In general, the transformations outlined in this paper exemplify how ongoing macro changes in contemporary China often provide benefits to a relatively small number of people and how, for those who receive them, the benefits are often double-edged. PMID:10388946
Kohrman, M
Disability in young adults following major trauma: 5 year follow up of survivors
BACKGROUND: Injuries are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in young people. Despite this, the long-term consequences for young survivors of severe injury are relatively unexplored. METHODS: Population based cohort study involving 5 year post injury structured interview of all cases of major trauma (Injury Severity Score > 15) identified retrospectively for 12 month period (1988 to 1989) within
Sian A Evans; Mark C Airey; Susan M Chell; James B Connelly; Alan S Rigby; Alan Tennant
Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Predicts the Onset of Mobility Limitation and Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Health ABC Study
Background. Although low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is prevalent among older adults and is associated with poor physical function, longitudinal studies examining vitamin D status and physical function are lacking. We examined the association between 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the onset of mobility limitation and disability over 6 years of follow-up in community-dwelling, initially well-functioning older adults participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study (n = 2,099). Methods. Serum 25(OH)D and PTH were measured at the 12-month follow-up visit (1998¢1999). Mobility limitation and disability (any/severe difficulty walking 1/4 mile or climbing 10 steps) was assessed semiannually over 6 years of follow-up. The association between 25(OH)D, PTH, and mobility limitation and disability was examined using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for demographics, season, behavioral characteristics, and chronic conditions. Results. At baseline, 28.9% of the participants had 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L and 36.1% had 25(OH)D of 50 to <75 nmol/L. Participants with 25(OH)D <50 and 50 to <75 nmol/L were at greater risk of developing mobility limitation (HR (95% CI): 1.29 (1.04¢1.61) and 1.27 (1.05¢1.53), respectively) and mobility disability (HR (95% CI): 1.93 (1.32¢2.81) and 1.30 (0.92¢1.83), respectively) over 6 years of follow-up compared with participants with 25(OH)D ?75 nmol/L. Elevated PTH, however, was not significantly associated with developing mobility limitation or disability. Conclusions. Low 25(OH)D was associated with an increased risk of mobility limitation and disability in community-dwelling, initially well-functioning black and white older adults. Prevention or treatment of low 25(OH)D may provide a pathway for reducing the burden of mobility disability in older adults.
Neiberg, Rebecca H.; Tooze, Janet A.; Hausman, Dorothy B.; Johnson, Mary Ann; Cauley, Jane A.; Bauer, Doug C.; Shea, M. Kyla; Schwartz, Gary G.; Williamson, Jeff D.; Harris, Tamara B.; Kritchevsky, Stephen B
Major depression and disability in older primary care patients with heart failure.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) and major depression among 415 community-dwelling primary care patients age 65+ with heart failure and significant ADL or IADL dependence. Main findings include (1) a progressive increase in depression prevalence from 0% for no IADL dependence to about 40% for 6 IADL dependencies (P < .001), (2) a steady rise in depression prevalence to 40% for 6 ADL dependencies following a "floor effect" at about 10% for 0 to 2 ADL dependencies (P < .001), and (3) the association in a logistic regression model of major depression with number of IADL dependencies (P = .016) but not with number of ADL dependencies (P = .602). Our principal conclusion is that the progressively greater likelihood of major depression as the number of IADL dependencies increases has important clinical, personal, social, and public health relevance. PMID:18474720
Friedman, Bruce; Lyness, Jeffrey M; Delavan, Rachel L; Chunyu Li; Barker, William H
Prevalence of Major Mental Retardation and Associated Disabilities in the Canadian Maritime Provinces.
Regional prevalence of major mental retardation in 7- to 10-year-olds in a cross-sectional survey of the Canadian Maritime Provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island) was 3.65/1000. Variation in prevalence rate was associated with maternal age, areas of greater population concentration, and number of physicians per capita.ģ
McQueen, P. Cameron; And Others
The Use of Mobile Phones by Itinerant Teachers of Students with Visual Disabilities.
The use of mobile telephones by 25 itinerant teachers in Texas was evaluated. Factors considered included time management, costs, changes in use of various types of telephones, and feelings of security. With one outgoing call per day, teachers saved enough time to accumulate the equivalent of one week's service each year to their students.ģ
Corn, A. L.; And Others
Major trends in mobility technology research and development: overview of the results of the NSF-WTEC European study.
Mobility technologies, including wheelchairs, prostheses, joint replacements, assistive devices, and therapeutic exercise equipment help millions of people participate in desired life activities. Yet, these technologies are not yet fully transformative because many desired activities cannot be pursued or are difficult to pursue for the millions of individuals with mobility related impairments. This WTEC study, initiated and funded by the National Science Foundation, was designed to gather information on European innovations and trends in technology that might lead to greater mobility for a wider range of people. What might these transformative technologies be and how might they arise? Based on visits to leading mobility technology research labs in western Europe, the WTEC panel identified eight major trends in mobility technology research. This commentary summarizes these trends, which are then described in detail in companion papers appearing in this special issue. PMID:22520596
Reinkensmeyer, David J; Bonato, Paolo; Boninger, Michael L; Chan, Leighton; Cowan, Rachel E; Fregly, Benjamin J; Rodgers, Mary M
Major discoveries in eolian sandstone: facies distribution and stratigraphy of Jurassic Norphlet sandstone, Mobile Bay, Alabama
SciTech Connect
Recent exploratory and development drilling in Mobile Bay, southwest Alabama, has proven prolific gas production from the Norphlet sandstone at depths greater than 20,000 ft with individual well tests of 10-27 MMCFGD. Excellent reservoir qualities are a function of preserved primary porosity and permeability developed in an eolian setting. In Mobile Bay, thick eolian sediments (200-600 ft) lie directly on Pine Hill or Louann evaporites. Three facies of the Norphlet have been recognized: (1) a thin (20-30 ft) basal wet sand flat or sabkha facies, (2) a massive dune facies, and (3) a thin (30-40 ft) upper marine reworked facies. The wet sand flat or sabkha facies is characterized by irregular to wavy horizontally bedded sandstone associated with adhesion ripples. It is probably sporadically developed in response to localized wet lows during earliest Norphlet deposition. The majority of the Norphlet section is characterized by massive wedge-planar and tabular-planar cross-stratified sandstone, interpreted to be stacked dune and dry interdune deposits. Individual dune sets range in height from a few feet to 90 ft. Cross-bed sets exhibit internal stratification patterns similar to large- and small-scale dunes described by G. Kocurek and R. Dott, Jr. The marine reworked facies is characterized by structureless to diffuse or wavy laminated sandstone that reflects a reworking of the dune deposits by the ensuing Smackover transgression. Reservoir quality is affected by textural properties determined by depositional processes associated with these various facies. Diagenetic patterns further reducing reservoir quality occur in the depositionally less-porous sediments. Dune facies sediments exhibit the best reservoir qualities. Variations of reservoir quality within the dune facies are related to dune height and dune versus interdune accumulations.
Levy, J.B.
Work disability remains a major problem in rheumatoid arthritis in the 2000s: data from 32 countries in the QUEST-RA Study
Introduction Work disability is a major consequence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), associated not only with traditional disease activity variables, but also more significantly with demographic, functional, occupational, and societal variables. Recent reports suggest that the use of biologic agents offers potential for reduced work disability rates, but the conclusions are based on surrogate disease activity measures derived from studies primarily from Western countries. Methods The Quantitative Standard Monitoring of Patients with RA (QUEST-RA) multinational database of 8,039 patients in 86 sites in 32 countries, 16 with high gross domestic product (GDP) (>24K US dollars (USD) per capita) and 16 low-GDP countries (<11K USD), was analyzed for work and disability status at onset and over the course of RA and clinical status of patients who continued working or had stopped working in high-GDP versus low-GDP countries according to all RA Core Data Set measures. Associations of work disability status with RA Core Data Set variables and indices were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Results At the time of first symptoms, 86% of men (range 57%-100% among countries) and 64% (19%-87%) of women <65 years were working. More than one third (37%) of these patients reported subsequent work disability because of RA. Among 1,756 patients whose symptoms had begun during the 2000s, the probabilities of continuing to work were 80% (95% confidence interval (CI) 78%-82%) at 2 years and 68% (95% CI 65%-71%) at 5 years, with similar patterns in high-GDP and low-GDP countries. Patients who continued working versus stopped working had significantly better clinical status for all clinical status measures and patient self-report scores, with similar patterns in high-GDP and low-GDP countries. However, patients who had stopped working in high-GDP countries had better clinical status than patients who continued working in low-GDP countries. The most significant identifier of work disability in all subgroups was Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) functional disability score. Conclusions Work disability rates remain high among people with RA during this millennium. In low-GDP countries, people remain working with high levels of disability and disease activity. Cultural and economic differences between societies affect work disability as an outcome measure for RA.
Impacts of mobility disability and high and increasing body mass index on health-related quality of life and participation in society: a population-based cohort study from Sweden
Background Increasing obesity in adults with mobility disability has become a considerable health problem, similar to the increasing trend of obesity in the general population. The aims of this study were to investigate the association of mobility disability with overweight status and obesity in a large population-based Swedish cohort of adults, and to investigate whether mobility disability, high body mass index (BMI), and increasing BMI over time are predictors of health-related quality of life and participation in society after 8Āyears of follow-up. Methods The study cohort included 13,549 individuals aged 18¢64 years who answered questions about mobility disability, weight, height, health-related quality of life and participation in society in the Stockholm Public Health Survey 2002 and 2010. The cohort was randomly selected from the population of Stockholm County, and divided into six subgroups based on data for mobility disability and overweight status. Multiple binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the likelihood for low health-related quality of life and lack of participation. Results Respondents with mobility disability had a higher mean BMI than those without mobility disability. Respondents both with and without mobility disability increased in BMI, but with no significant difference in the longitudinal changes (mean difference: 0.078; 95% CI: -0.16 - 0.32). Presence of mobility disability increased the risk of low health-related quality of life and lack of participation in 2010, irrespective of low health-related quality of life and lack of participation in 2002. The risk of pain and low general health (parts of health-related quality of life) increased for every 5 units of higher BMI reported in 2010. In respondents without low general health at baseline, the risk of obtaining low general health increased for every 5 units of higher BMI in 2010 (OR:1.60; CI: 1.47 - 1.74). Conclusions The greatest risk of low general health after 8Āyears was observed for respondents with both mobility disability and high BMI. These results indicate the importance of working preventively with persons with mobility disability and overweight status or obesity based on the risk of further weight gain.
Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats
USGS Publications Warehouse
Laboratory experiments were undertaken to study changes in concentrations of major inorganic ions during simulated burial of peats to about 1.5 km. Cladium, Rhizophora, and Cyrilla peats were first analyzed to determine cation distributions among fractions of the initial materials and minerals in residues from wet oxidation. Subsamples of the peats (80 g) were then subjected to increasing temperatures and pressures in steps of 5??C and 300 psi at 2-day intervals and produced solutions collected. After six steps, starting from 30??C and 300 psi, a final temperature of 60??C and a final pressure of 2100 psi were achieved. The system was then allowed to stand for an additional 2 weeks at 60??C and 2100 psi. Treatments resulted in highly altered organic solids resembling lignite and expelled solutions of systematically varying compositions. Solutions from each step were analyzed for Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, total dissolved Si (Si(T)), Cl-, SO42-, and organic acids and anions (OAAs). Some data on total dissolved Al (Al(T)) were also collected. Mobilization of major ions from peats during these experiments is controlled by at least three processes: (1) loss of dissolved ions in original porewater expelled during compaction, (2) loss of adsorbed cations as adsorption sites are lost during modification of organic solids, and (3) increased dissolution of inorganic phases at later steps due to increased temperatures (Si(T)) and increased complexing by OAAs (Al(T)). In general, results provide insight into early post-burial inorganic changes occurring during maturation of terrestrial organic matter. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Bailey, A. M.; Cohen, A. D.; Orem, W. H.; Blackson, J. H.
Mobilization of major and trace constituents of highway runoff in groundwater potentially caused by deicing chemical migration
The quality of water in unsaturated zones and groundwater is affected by the major ions in deicing chemicals applied to roads and highways. The assessment of the environmental effects of highway runoff requires investigations to determine whether other major and trace constituents are mobilized during deicing chemical migration through the unsaturated zone and groundwater. In this regard, groundwater samples were analyzed in February and August 1991, and March, August, and November 1993 at a test site along Route 25 in southeastern Massachusetts. Analyses indicated that concentrations of major and trace chemical constituents of highway runoff in groundwater are substantially higher downgradient than upgradient from the highway.
Granato, Gregory, E.; Church, Peter, E.; Stone, Victoria, J.
Learning disabilities.
Approximately 5% of all public school students are identified as having a learning disability (LD). LD is not a single disorder, but includes disabilities in any of seven areas related to reading, language, and mathematics. These separate types of learning disabilities frequently co-occur with one another and with social skill deficits and emotional or behavioral disorders. Most of the available information concerning learning disabilities relates to reading disabilities, and the majority of children with learning disabilities have their primary deficits in basic reading skills. An important part of the definition of LD is its exclusions: learning disabilities cannot be attributed primarily to mental retardation, emotional disturbance, cultural difference, or disadvantage. Thus, the concept of LD focuses on the notion of a discrepancy between a child's academic achievement and his or her apparent capacity to learn. Recent research indicates, however, that disability in basic reading skills is primarily caused by deficits in phonological awareness, which is independent of any achievement-capacity discrepancy. Deficits in phonological awareness can be identified in late kindergarten and first grade using inexpensive, straightforward testing protocol. Interventions have varying effectiveness, depending largely on the severity of the individual child's disability. The prevalence of learning disability identification has increased dramatically in the past 20 years. The "real" prevalence of LD is subject to much dispute because of the lack of an agreed-upon definition of LD with objective identification criteria. Some researchers have argued that the currently recognized 5% prevalence rate is inflated; others argue that LD is still underidentified. In fact, it appears that there are both sound and unsound reasons for the increase in identification rates. Sound reasons for the increase include better research, a broader definition of disability in reading, focusing on phonological awareness, and greater identification of girls with learning disabilities. Unsound reasons for the increase include broad and vague definitions of learning disability, financial incentives to identify students for special education, and inadequate preparation of teachers by colleges of education, leading to overreferral of students with any type of special need. There is no clear demarcation between students with normal reading abilities and those with mild reading disability. The majority of children with reading disabilities have relatively mild reading disabilities, with a smaller number having extreme reading disabilities. The longer children with disability in basic reading skills, at any level of severity, go without identification and intervention, the more difficult the task of remediation and the lower the rate of success. Children with extreme deficits in basic reading skills are much more difficult to remediate than children with mild or moderate deficits. It is unclear whether children in the most severe range can achieve age- and grade-approximate reading skills, even with normal intelligence and with intense, informed intervention provided over a protracted period of time. Children with severe learning disabilities are likely to manifest an increased number of and increased severity of social and behavioral deficits. When children with disabilities in reading also manifest attention deficit disorder, their reading deficits are typically exacerbated, more severe, and more resistant to intervention. While severe reading disorders are clearly a major concern, even mild deficits in reading skills are likely to portend significant difficulties in academic learning. These deficits, too, are worthy of early identification and intervention. Even children with relatively subtle linguistic and reading deficits require the expertise of a teacher who is well trained and informed about the relationships between language development and reading development. PMID:8689262
Lyon, G R
Parameters of the IBR-30 Fast Pulse Reactor after Substitution of Major Mobile Zones.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
In 1975, a maintenance replacement of the main mobile zones and the mechanical part ensuring the reactivity modulation has been made on the IBR-30 pulsed fast reactor. The results of measurements of the principal parameters of IBR-30 reactor are presented...
A. I. Babaev E. I. Vital'ev V. D. Denisov S. A. Kvasnikov V. P. Plastinin
Designing Clinical Trials of Interventions for Mobility Disability: Results from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) Trial
Background Clinical trials to assess interventions for mobility disability are critically needed; however, data for efficiently designing such trials are lacking. Methods Results are described from a pilot clinical trial in which 424 volunteers aged 70¢89 years were randomly assigned to one of two interventions -- physical activity or a healthy aging education program -- and followed for a planned minimum of 12 months. We evaluated the longitudinal distributions of four standardized outcomes to contrast how they may serve as primary outcomes of future clinical trials: ability to walk 400 meters, ability to walk 4 meters in ?10 seconds, a physical performance battery, and a questionnaire focused on physical function. Results Changes in all four outcomes were inter-related over time. The ability to walk 400 meters as a dichotomous outcome provided the smallest sample size projections (i.e. appeared to be the most efficient outcome). It loaded most heavily on the underlying latent variable in structural equation modeling with a weight of 80%. A four-year trial based on the outcome of 400 meter walk is projected to require N = 962 to 2,234 to detect an intervention effect of 30% to 20% with 90% power. Conclusions Future clinical trials of interventions designed to influence mobility disability may have greater efficiency if they adopt the ability to complete a 400 meter walk as their primary outcome.
Espeland, Mark A.; Gill, Thomas M.; Guralnik, Jack; Miller, Michael E.; Fielding, Roger; Newman, Anne B.; Pahor, Marco
Mobile Interspersed Repeats Are Major Structural Variants in the Human Genome
Summary Characterizing structural variants in the human genome is of great importance, but a genome wide analysis to detect interspersed repeats has not been done. Thus, the degree to which mobile DNAs contribute to genetic diversity, heritable disease, and oncogenesis remains speculative. We perform transposon insertion profiling by microarray (TIP-chip) to map human L1(Ta) retrotransposons (LINE-1 s) genome-wide. This identified numerous novel human L1(Ta) insertional polymorphisms with highly variant allelic frequencies. We also explored TIP-chip's usefulness to identify candidate alleles associated with different phenotypes in clinical cohorts. Our data suggest that the occurrence of new insertions is twice as high as previously estimated, and that these repeats are under-recognized as sources of human genomic and phenotypic diversity. We have just begun to probe the universe of human L1(Ta) polymorphisms, and as TIP-chip is applied to other insertions such as Alu SINEs, it will expand the catalog of genomic variants even further.
Huang, Cheng Ran Lisa; Schneider, Anna M.; Lu, Yunqi; Niranjan, Tejasvi; Shen, Peilin; Robinson, Matoya A.; Steranka, Jared P.; Valle, David; Civin, Curt I.; Wang, Tao; Wheelan, Sarah J.; Ji, Hongkai; Boeke, Jef D.; Burns, Kathleen H.
Ubiquitous Yet Unique: Perspectives of People With Disabilities on Stress
This exploratory study was grounded in a qualitative framework and used a focus group method to examine the meanings that individuals with disabilities (e.g., permanent mobility impairments, sensory impairments) attach to their experiences of stress, as well as major sources or causes of stress in these individuals' lives. Overall, the data showedģ
Iwasaki, Yoshitaka; Mactavish, Jennifer B.
Wheeled mobility: factors influencing mobility and assistive technology in veterans and servicemembers with major traumatic limb loss from Vietnam war and OIF/OEF conflicts.
Returning wounded veterans and servicemembers to their highest level of function following traumatic injury is a priority of the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs. We surveyed 245 veterans from the Vietnam war and 226 servicemembers and veterans from Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) conflicts with at least one major traumatic lower-limb loss to determine their use of mobility assistive technology (AT) and patterns of limb abandonment. Prosthetic device use without wheelchair use is found in 50.5% of Vietnam and 42.8% of OIF/OEF groups. Prostheses and supplementary wheelchairs are used by Vietnam (32%) and OIF/OEF (53%) groups (p < 0.01). Exclusive wheelchair use is more frequent in the Vietnam group (18%) than in the OIF/OEF group (4.0%, p < 0.01). In Vietnam participants, multivariate analysis found that multiple-limb loss (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5-38.5), bilateral lower-limb loss (AOR = 12.7; 95% CI 6.2-26.1), and number of comorbidities (AOR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.2-1.5) are associated with increased likelihood of wheelchair use. In OIF/OEF participants, bilateral lower-limb loss (AOR = 29.8; 95% CI 11.0-80.7), multiple-limb loss (AOR = 16.3; 95% CI 3.1-85.3), cumulative trauma disorder (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-4.9), and number of combat injuries (AOR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.2-1.7) are associated with wheelchair use. Combined use of different types of mobility ATs promotes improved rehabilitation and ability to function. PMID:20803403
Laferrier, Justin Z; McFarland, Lynne V; Boninger, Michael L; Cooper, Rory A; Reiber, Gayle E
Mobilization and re-distribution of major and trace elements during extreme weathering of basalt in Hainan Island, South China
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Major, trace and organic elements of a laterite profile developed on Neogene basalts in northern Hainan Island, South China were reported in this paper, the aim of which was to investigate element mobilization and re-distribution during extreme weathering. The results indicate that most of the elements have been mobilized and transferred downwards along the profile by aqueous solution. Organic matter (OM) can significantly improve the transport of insoluble elements. Among all the elements, Th is the least mobile. As for the general conservative elements during incipient chemical weathering, such as Fe, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta, the removals are up to 20-40% in the upper profile. However, these elements behave as conservatively as Th in the lower profile. In the middle profile, oxic environment occurs, accompanied with significant OM decomposition. The Mn and Ce transferred downward are readily oxidized into insoluble Mn(IV) and Ce(IV) and precipitate in the oxic front. Important OM decomposition decreases the capacity of transfer of insoluble elements in aqueous solution. Consequently, Al significantly precipitates in the oxic front, and REEs, with the exception of Ce, precipitate largely in the OM-depleted layers. Co and U are also concentrated in the oxic front in association with Mn and Ce, respectively. However, Cr shows a negative correlation with Mn because its response to redox condition changes is reversed from that of Mn. Mn oxides/hydroxides, Fe oxides/hydroxides and secondary phosphate minerals other than clay minerals are potential hosts for REEs except for Ce in the profile; REEs with high concentrations in the profile seem closely associated with Mn oxides/hydroxides. Remarkable, highly correlated, Ce and Gd anomalies are observed in the profile. Ce anomalies are caused by Ce precipitation in the oxic environment and successive decomposition of organic matter. Gd anomalies are likely to have resulted from lower stability constants of Gd-OM complexes compared to those of neighboring REEs. The overall elemental behaviors in this profile suggest that organic matter plays a very important role in the mobilization and re-distribution of the elements during extreme weathering.
Ma, Jin-Long; Wei, Gang-Jian; Xu, Yi-Gang; Long, Wen-Guo; Sun, Wei-Dong
Learning Disabilities
NINDS Learning Disabilities Information Page Table of Contents (click to jump to sections) What are Learning Disabilities? Is there ... Trials Organizations Additional resources from MedlinePlus What are Learning Disabilities? Learning disabilities are disorders that affect the ...
Inhibitory synapse dynamics: coordinated presynaptic and postsynaptic mobility and the major contribution of recycled vesicles to new synapse formation.
Dynamics of GABAergic synaptic components have been studied previously over milliseconds to minutes, revealing mobility of postsynaptic scaffolds and receptors. Here we image inhibitory synapses containing fluorescently tagged postsynaptic scaffold Gephyrin, together with presynaptic vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) or postsynaptic GABA(A) receptor ?2 subunit (GABA(A)R?2), over seconds to days in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, revealing modes of inhibitory synapse formation and remodeling. Entire synapses were mobile, translocating rapidly within a confined region and exhibiting greater nonstochastic motion over multihour periods. Presynaptic and postsynaptic components moved in unison, maintaining close apposition while translocating distances of several micrometers. An observed flux in the density of synaptic puncta partially resulted from the apparent merging and splitting of preexisting clusters. De novo formation of inhibitory synapses was observed, marked by the appearance of stably apposed Gephyrin and VGAT clusters at sites previously lacking either component. Coclustering of GABA(A)R?2 supports the identification of such new clusters as synapses. Nascent synapse formation occurred by gradual accumulation of components over several hours, with VGAT clustering preceding that of Gephyrin and GABA(A)R?2. Comparing VGAT labeling by active uptake of a luminal domain antibody with post hoc immunocytochemistry indicated that recycling vesicles from preexisting boutons significantly contribute to vesicle pools at the majority of new inhibitory synapses. Although new synapses formed primarily on dendrite shafts, some also formed on dendritic protrusions, without apparent interconversion. Altogether, the long-term imaging of GABAergic presynaptic and postsynaptic components reveals complex dynamics and perpetual remodeling with implications for mechanisms of assembly and synaptic integration. PMID:21775594
Dobie, Frederick A; Craig, Ann Marie
Mobility and fluxes of major, minor and trace metals during basalt weathering and groundwater transport at Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily)
The concentrations and fluxes of major, minor and trace metals were determined in 53 samples of groundwaters from around Mt Etna, in order to evaluate the conditions and extent of alkali basalt weathering by waters enriched in magma-derived CO 2 and the contribution of aqueous transport to the overall metal discharge of the volcano. We show that gaseous input of magmatic volatile metals into the Etnean aquifer is small or negligible, being limited by cooling of the rising fluids. Basalt leaching by weakly acidic, CO 2-charged water is the overwhelming source of metals and appears to be more extensive in two sectors of the S-SW (Patern") and E (Zafferana) volcano flanks, where out flowing groundwaters are the richest in metals and bicarbonate of magmatic origin. Thermodynamic modeling of the results allows to evaluate the relative mobility and chemical speciation of various elements during their partitioning between solid and liquid phases through the weathering process. The facts that rock-forming minerals and groundmass dissolve at different rates and secondary minerals are formed are taken into account. At Mt. Etna, poorly mobile elements (Al, Th, Fe) are preferentially retained in the solid residue of weathering, while alkalis, alkaline earth and oxo-anion-forming elements (As, Se, Sb, Mo) are more mobile and released to the aqueous system. Transition metals display an intermediate behavior and are strongly dependent on either the redox conditions (Mn, Cr, V) or solid surface-related processes (V, Zn, Cu). The fluxes of metals discharged by the volcanic aquifer of Etna range from 7.0 ū 10 -3 t/a (Th) to 7.3 ū 10 4 t/a (Na). They are comparable in magnitude to the summit crater plume emissions for a series of elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, U, V, Li) with lithophile affinity, but are minor for volatile elements. Basalt weathering at Mt Etna also consumes about 2.1 ū 10 5 t/a of magma-derived carbon dioxide, equivalent to ca. 7% of contemporaneous crater plume emissions. The considerable transport of some metals in Etna's aquifer reflects a particularly high chemical erosion rate, evaluated at 2.3?10 5 t/a, enhanced by the initial acidity of magmatic CO 2-rich groundwater.
Aiuppa, Alessandro; Allard, Patrick; D'Alessandro, Walter; Michel, Agnes; Parello, Francesco; Treuil, Michel; Valenza, Mariano
Mobile phone use while driving: a major public health problem in an Arabian society, State of QatarŚmobile phone use and the risk of motor vehicle crashes
AimĀĀThe aim of the present study was to assess the rate of mobile phone use among drivers who were involved in road traffic crashes\\u000a and to determine the factors associated with mobile phone use in Qatar.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a MethodsĀĀStructured interviews were conducted and participants were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning socio-demographics,\\u000a driving attitudes and behaviour, adherence to traffic laws and mobile
Abdulbari Bener; David Crundall; T³rker ųzkan; Timo Lajunen
Vital signs: disability and physical activity - United States, 2009-2012.
Background: Adults with disabilities are less active and have higher rates of chronic disease than the general population. Given the health benefits of physical activity, understanding physical activity, its relationship with chronic disease, and health professional recommendations for physical activity among young to middle-age adults with disabilities could help increase the effectiveness of health promotion efforts. Methods: Data from the 2009-2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were used to estimate the prevalence of, and association between, aerobic physical activity (inactive, insufficiently active, or active) and chronic diseases (heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer) among adults aged 18-64 years by disability status and type (hearing, vision, cognitive, and mobility). The prevalence of, and association between, receiving a health professional recommendation for physical activity and level of aerobic physical activity was assessed using 2010 data. Results: Overall, 11.6% of U.S. adults aged 18-64 years reported a disability, with estimates for disability type ranging from 1.7% (vision) to 5.8% (mobility). Compared with adults without disabilities, inactivity was more prevalent among adults with any disability (47.1% versus 26.1%) and for adults with each type of disability. Inactive adults with disabilities were 50% more likely to report one or more chronic diseases than those who were physically active. Approximately 44% of adults with disabilities received a recommendation from a health professional for physical activity in the past 12 months. Conclusions: Almost half of adults with disabilities are physically inactive and are more likely to have a chronic disease. Among adults with disabilities who visited a health professional in the past 12 months, the majority (56%) did not receive a recommendation for physical activity. Implications for Public Health: These data highlight the need for increased physical activity among persons with disabilities, which might require support across societal sectors, including government and health care. PMID:24807240
Carroll, Dianna D; Courtney-Long, Elizabeth A; Stevens, Alissa C; Sloan, Michelle L; Lullo, Carolyn; Visser, Susanna N; Fox, Michael H; Armour, Brian S; Campbell, Vincent A; Brown, David R; Dorn, Joan M
Dynamic ecological-economic modelling for regional planning: A case study of environmental impacts of mobility, induced by major policy options in the Brussels-Capital region
The aim of the project is to analyse the ecological aspects of mobility induced by major regional policy options, such as office relocation and expansion, transport and other urban policies for the case study of Brussels-Capital region. For this purpose a system of models will be developed, including: 1) Demographic forecasts of dynamics of population and employment (per sector) in
Pavel Safonov; Walter Hecq
School problems and solutions for students with disabilities: a qualitative examination.
The inclusion of students with disabilities is a process that requires collaboration among multiple individuals, with teachers, aides, parents, students, and school systems playing important roles in resolving student problems. In the current study, we examined data from 75 teachers concerning 126 students about problems that students with disabilities had following a transition from a school primarily serving students with disabilities to more inclusive schools. Reported problems were reviewed and five major themes emerged: academic, behavioral, mobility/accessibility, social, and transportation issues. Teachers typically resolved academic problems by working directly with the student or collaborating with school staff. Social problems were resolved through student and teacher initiatives. Behavioral, transportation, and mobility/accessibility problems were resolved through collaboration among many key school figures and family members. Implications for theory, research, and inclusive school practices related to academic curricula, resources, services, and architectural accommodations for students with disabilities are discussed. PMID:24447159
Sorani-Villanueva, Sandra; McMahon, Susan D; Crouch, Ronald; Keys, Christopher B
49 CFR 39.29 - May PVOs limit the number of passengers with a disability on a passenger vessel?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...Transportation TRANSPORTATION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES: PASSENGER VESSELS Nondiscrimination...limit the number of passengers with a disability other than individuals with a mobility disability on your vessel. However, if in...
Disability pornography: the fetishization of women's vulnerabilities.
This paper offers a critical exploration of a form of pornography consisting in sexual abuse and exploitation of women and girls with disabilities. This practice allows men to create and maintain their sexual dominance over the female gender. Disability pornography, like all other forms of pornography, but in its own way, contributes to the second-class status of all women, particularly those who are suffering from limitations in mobility and other disabilities. By promoting the castrating, dominant, violent image of women, pornography allows men to justify their abusive behaviors toward women. This form of pornography preys on the vulnerability of disabled women and increases the possibility that they will be abused. The sexually explicit lack of physical mobility is as celebrated in disability pornography as the political mobility of women is condemned in all genres of pornography. Amputee pornography is just one example of this brutal practice. PMID:12319742
Elman, R A
Biogeochemical processes controlling the mobility of major ions and trace metals in aquitard sediments beneath an oil sand tailing pond: laboratory studies and reactive transport modeling.
Increased production and expansion of the oil sand industry in Alberta are of great benefit to the economy, but they carry major environmental challenges. The volume of fluid fine tailings requiring storage is 840ū10(6) m(3) and growing, making it imperative that we better understand the fate and transport of oil sand process-affected water (OSPW) seepage from these facilities. Accordingly, the current study seeks to characterize both a) the potential for major ion and trace element release, and b) the principal biogeochemical processes involved, as tailing pond OSPW infiltrates into, and interacts with, underlying glacial till sediments prior to reaching down gradient aquifers or surface waters. Objectives were addressed through a series of aqueous and solid phase experiments, including radial diffusion cells, an isotope analysis, X-ray diffraction, and sequential extractions. The diffusion cells were also simulated in a reactive transport framework to elucidate key reaction processes. The experiments indicate that the ingress and interaction of OSPW with the glacial till sediment-pore water system will result in: a mitigation of ingressing Na (retardation), displacement and then limited precipitation of exchangeable Ca and Mg (as carbonates), sulfate reduction and subsequent precipitation of the produced sulfides, as well as biodegradation of organic carbon. High concentrations of ingressing Cl (~375 mg L(-1)) and Na (~575 mg L(-1)) (even though the latter is delayed, or retarded) are expected to migrate through the till and into the underlying sand channel. Trace element mobility was influenced by ion exchange, oxidation-reduction, and mineral phase reactions including reductive dissolution of metal oxyhydroxides - in accordance with previous observations within sandy aquifer settings. Furthermore, although several trace elements showed the potential for release (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Mn, Pb, Si, Sr), large-scale mobilization is not supported. Thus, the present results suggest that in addition to the commonly cited naphthenic acids, remediation of OSPW-impacted groundwater will need to address high concentrations of major ions contributing to salinization. PMID:23727691
Holden, A A; Haque, S E; Mayer, K U; Ulrich, A C
Biogeochemical processes controlling the mobility of major ions and trace metals in aquitard sediments beneath an oil sand tailing pond: Laboratory studies and reactive transport modeling
Increased production and expansion of the oil sand industry in Alberta are of great benefit to the economy, but they carry major environmental challenges. The volume of fluid fine tailings requiring storage is 840 ū 106 m3 and growing, making it imperative that we better understand the fate and transport of oil sand process-affected water (OSPW) seepage from these facilities. Accordingly, the current study seeks to characterize both a) the potential for major ion and trace element release, and b) the principal biogeochemical processes involved, as tailing pond OSPW infiltrates into, and interacts with, underlying glacial till sediments prior to reaching down gradient aquifers or surface waters. Objectives were addressed through a series of aqueous and solid phase experiments, including radial diffusion cells, an isotope analysis, X-ray diffraction, and sequential extractions. The diffusion cells were also simulated in a reactive transport framework to elucidate key reaction processes. The experiments indicate that the ingress and interaction of OSPW with the glacial till sediment-pore water system will result in: a mitigation of ingressing Na (retardation), displacement and then limited precipitation of exchangeable Ca and Mg (as carbonates), sulfate reduction and subsequent precipitation of the produced sulfides, as well as biodegradation of organic carbon. High concentrations of ingressing Cl (~ 375 mg L- 1) and Na (~ 575 mg L- 1) (even though the latter is delayed, or retarded) are expected to migrate through the till and into the underlying sand channel. Trace element mobility was influenced by ion exchange, oxidation-reduction, and mineral phase reactions including reductive dissolution of metal oxyhydroxides Ś in accordance with previous observations within sandy aquifer settings. Furthermore, although several trace elements showed the potential for release (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Mn, Pb, Si, Sr), large-scale mobilization is not supported. Thus, the present results suggest that in addition to the commonly cited naphthenic acids, remediation of OSPW-impacted groundwater will need to address high concentrations of major ions contributing to salinization.
Holden, A. A.; Haque, S. E.; Mayer, K. U.; Ulrich, A. C.
Secondary Disabilities among American Indians in Montana.
A survey of incidence of secondary disabilities, completed by 75 disabled Native American adults on 3 Montana reservations, indicated fair to poor ratings for overall health and independence, high incidence/severity for problems of mobility and access, and problems with behavioral components, such as pain, fatigue, and depression. (SV)
Clay, Julie Anna; And Others
... have a learning disability. There are as many learning styles as there are individuals. For example, some people learn by doing and practicing, while others learn by listening (such as in ... seems to be a learning disability is simply a delay in development; the ...
Mobility impairments and use of screening and preventive services.
OBJECTIVES: Primary care for people with disabilities often concentrates on underlying debilitating disorders to the exclusion of preventive health concerns. This study examined use of screening and preventive services among adults with mobility problems (difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or standing for extended periods). METHODS: The responses of non-institutionalized adults to the 1994 National Health Interview Survey, including the disability and Healthy People 2000 supplements, were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regressions predicted service use on the basis of mobility level, demographic characteristics, and indicators of health care access. RESULTS: Ten percent of the sample reported some mobility impairment; 3% experienced major problems. People with mobility problems were as likely as others to receive pneumonia and influenza immunizations but were less likely to receive other services. Adjusted odds ratios for women with major mobility difficulties were 0.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4, 0.9) for the Papanicolaou test and 0.7 (95% CI = 0.5, 0.9) for mammography. CONCLUSIONS: More attention should be paid to screening and preventive services for people with mobility difficulties. Shortened appointment times, physically inaccessible care sites, and inadequate equipment could further compromise preventive care for this population.
Iezzoni, L I; McCarthy, E P; Davis, R B; Siebens, H
Shakespeare on old age and disability.
The plays of William Shakespeare were reviewed for references to disabilities, aging and disability, and older characters with disabilities. Shakespeare's references draw from traditional cultural notions about older people with disabilities. These traditional notions include people with physical disabilities being evil, the entertainment value of disabilty, and those who were mentally ill being wild and animal-like. He viewed the aging process as disabling and old age as a time when individuals lost some abilities to function, particularly when it came to mental capacity and physical mobility. His writings show that he used disability as a literary tool to add dimension to characters and set them apart. Contemporary literature continues to share some of Shakespeare's view on aging and disability but also departs from them in important ways. For example, contemporary treatment of disabilities and aging places more emphasis on the human side of the affects of aging and disabilities. Disabilities and aging are not cast in the same negative terms as Shakespeare used. PMID:10987340
Covey, H
\\u000a Children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with a learning disability have a constellation of symptoms that result\\u000a in significant functional impairments. Youth who experience learning disabilities may also have additional behavioral symptoms\\u000a that complicate diagnosis. Early recognition and intervention may have significant impact on long-term positive outcomes.\\u000a Interventions include behavioral academic, psycho-educational, as well as individual and family therapy. This
Helen D. Pratt; Donald E. Greydanus
78 FR 35761 - Final Priority; National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research-Disability and...
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...individuals with disabilities. These solutions may include cloud computing applications that allow for personalized accessible...the RERC on Telecommunication Access and the RERC on Mobile Wireless Technologies. General RERC Requirements...
Prevalence and features of ICF-disability in Spain as captured by the 2008 National Disability Survey
Background Since 1986, the study of disability in Spain has been mainly addressed by National Disability Surveys (NDSs). While international attempts to frame NDS designs within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) have progressed, in general, the ICF has hardly been used in either the NDS or epidemiological studies. This study sought to identify ICF Activity- and Participation-related content in the most recent Spanish NDS, the 2008 Survey on Disabilities, Independence and Dependency Situations (Encuesta sobre discapacidades, autonomĒa personal y situaciones de Dependencia - EDAD 2008), and estimate the prevalence of such ICF-framed disability. Methods EDAD 2008 methods and questions were perused. Of the 51 EDAD items analysed, 29 were backcoded to specific d2-d7 domains of the ICF Checklist and, by rating the recorded difficulty to perform specific tasks with or without help, these were then taken as performance and capacity respectively. A global ICF score was also derived, albeit lacking data for d1, "Learning and applying knowledge", d8, "Major Life Areas" and d9, "Community, Social and Civic Life". Data were grouped by sex, age, residence and initial positive screening, and prevalence figures were calculated by disability level both for the general population, using the originally designed weights, and for the population that had screened positive to disability. Data for institutionalised persons were processed separately. Results Crude prevalence of ICF severe/complete and moderate disability among the community-dwelling population aged ?6 years was 0.9%-2.2% respectively, and that of severe/complete disability among persons living in sheltered accommodation was 0.3%. Prevalence of severe/complete disability was: higher in women than in men, 0.8% vs. 0.4%; increased with age; and was particularly high in domains such as "Domestic Life", 3.4%, "Mobility", 1.8%, and "Self-care", 1.9%, in which prevalence decreased when measured by reference to performance. Moreover, global scores indicated that severe/complete disability in these same domains was frequent among the moderately disabled group. Conclusions The EDAD 2008 affords an insufficient data set to be ICF-framed when it comes to the Activity and Participation domains. Notwithstanding their unknown validity, ratings for available ICF domains may, however, be suitable for consideration under the ADL model of functional dependency, suggesting that there are approximately 500,000 persons suffering from severe/complete disability and 1,000,000 suffering from moderate disability, with half the latter being severely disabled in domains capable of benefiting from technical or personal aid. Application of EDAD data to the planning of services for regions and other subpopulations means that need for personal help must be assessed, unmet needs ascertained, and knowledge of social participation and support, particularly for the mentally ill, improved. International, WHO-supported co-operation in ICF planning and use of NDSs in Spain and other countries is needed.
Learning Disabilities and ADHD
... disabilities Learning disabilities and ADHD Learning disabilities and ADHD Learning disabilities affect how you understand, remember, and ... learning skills, including memory tips from LD Online. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) top ADHD is a medical condition that ...
Trace-element mobilization during Ca-metasomatism along a major fluid conduit: Eclogitization of blueschist as a consequence of fluid-rock interaction
In the subduction complex of the Tianshan mountains, western China, massive blueschist is cross-cut by an eclogite-facies major fluid conduit surrounded by a reaction zone which is mainly composed of omphacite and garnet. Petrological as well as geochemical evidence suggest that formation of the vein and the eclogitic selvage around the vein was caused by fluid infiltration under peak metamorphic conditions of 21 ▒ 1.5 kbar and 510 ▒ 30 ░C. The combination of whole-rock with mineral trace-element data as well as mass-balance calculations indicate that substantial differences exist between the unaltered host rock and the part of the system which was altered by fluid-rock interaction. These differences include: (1) depletion of mainly large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and Li of up to 60% relative to their concentrations in the unaltered host rock; (2) an extreme enrichment of CaO (ś115%), Sr and Pb (>300%) in the altered parts of the vein-wall-rock system; (3) redistribution of heavy rare earth elements (HREE) from partly replaced rutile and recrystallized titanite in the blueschist-eclogite transition zone into newly grown garnet rims in the eclogitic selvage around the vein; (4) transformation of high Nb/Ta rutile into low Nb/Ta titanite which is associated with preferred mobilization of Nb over Ta; and (5) decoupling of Zr and Hf from Nb and Ta; the latter are depleted by ś30% relative to the unaltered blueschist host rock whereas the former are depleted by only ś10%. The prerequisite for the transformation of Ca-poor blueschist (6-7 wt.% CaO) into Ca-rich eclogite (up to 13 wt.% CaO) was the infiltration of a Ca-rich fluid. The release of trace elements can be attributed to partitioning of these elements into the passing fluid phase during dissolution-reprecipitation processes in the course of eclogitization. The reactivity of the precursor mineral assemblage and the chemical gradients between the reacting and passing fluid of the conduit are mainly responsible for trace-element mobilization in the studied samples. The suite of trace elements released upon fluid-induced eclogitization of the reactive wall-rock resembles that in island arc magmas showing strong enrichment of LIL elements, strong depletions in HFS elements and intermediate concentrations of REE.
Beinlich, Andreas; Klemd, Reiner; John, Timm; Gao, Jun
Disability Insurance
A disability insurance policy provides specified income benefits when the insured person becomes unable to work because of illness or accident. With an individual policy, the insured person is generally the policy holder. With a group plan, the employer is the policy holder. An individual policy can provide several optional benefits in addition to disability benefits, which are not available in a group plan. In assessing risk, the insurer uses the application, the agent's report, a physical examination, the attending physician's report, and sometimes a consumer investigation company's inspection report. Records from the Medical Information Bureau, an association of American and Canadian life insurance companies, may also be used. The process of claims adjudication is described, as are differences between short-term and long-term disability claims. Many group policies have a rehabilitation provision; payments may continue while the claimant undergoes rehabilitation or retraining. Imagesp1928-a
Williamson, Elliot A.
Management of poor peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: incidence, predictive factors, alternative strategies and outcome. A retrospective analysis on 2177 patients from three major Italian institutions.
CD34+ peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are usually collected following mobilization therapy accomplished by using growth factors (GF) such as rHuG-CSF or rHuGM-CSF with or without chemotherapy. A target dose of yielded CD34+ is usually prescribed by the attending physician depending on different protocols, which may include single or double transplantation. HSC collection usually is performed when at least 20 CD34+ HSC/microL are detected by means of flow cytometry. A cumulative dose of at least 2 x 10(6)/Kg/bw CD34+ HSC has been considered as the threshold to allow a prompt and persistent hematopoietic recovery. Unfortunately, this goal is not achieved by the totality of patients undergoing mobilization regimen. In fact, 5-46% of patients who underwent mobilization therapy fail HSC collection due to very low peripheral blood HSC CD34+ count. Patients' characteristics, including age, sex, stage of the underlying disease (complete or partial remission), diagnosis, previously administered radio/chemotherapy regimens, time-lapse from last chemotherapy before mobilization and mobilization schedule (including dose of GF) were considered as possibly predictive of poor or failed mobilization. We performed a retrospective analysis in 2177 patients from three large Italian academic institutions to assess the incidence of poor mobilizers within our patients' series. Therefore, a patient who fails a first mobilization (and when an HLA-compatible related on unrelated donor is not available) could undergo a second attempt either with different mobilization schedule or by using different GF, such as stem cell factor, growth hormone (GH), or more recently newly introduced drugs such as AMD3100, alone or in combination with rHuG- or -rHuGM-CSF. Thus, we investigated the fate of those who failed a first mobilization and subsequently underwent a second attempt or alternative therapeutic approaches. PMID:19540167
Perseghin, Paolo; Terruzzi, Elisabetta; Dassi, Maria; Baldini, Valentina; Parma, Matteo; Coluccia, Paola; Accorsi, Patrizia; Confalonieri, Giorgio; Tavecchia, Luisa; Verga, Luisa; Ravagnani, Fernando; Iacone, Antonio; Pogliani, E M; Pioltelli, Pietro
Medium-/Long-Term Effects of a Specific Exercise Protocol Combined with Patient Education on Spine Mobility, Chronic Fatigue, Pain, Aerobic Fitness and Level of Disability in Fibromyalgia
Objective. To propose a rehabilitation protocol able to produce immediate and long-term beneficial effects on level of disability and overall performance in ADLs. Materials and Methods. Forty-one FM patients were randomized to an exercise and educational-behavioral programme group (experimental group, EG = 21) or to a control group (CG = 20). Each subject was evaluated before, at the end (T1), and after 6 months (T6) from the conclusion of the rehabilitation treatment using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the fatigue severity scale (FSS), the 6-minute walking test (6MWT), tender points count (TPC), and spinal active range of motion. The exercise protocol included 20 sessions consisting in self-awareness, stretching, strengthening, spine flexibility, and aerobic exercises, which patients were subsequently educated to perform at home. Results. The two groups were comparable at baseline. At T1, the EG showed a positive trend in FIQ, VAS, HAQ, and FSS scales and significant improvement in 6MWT and in most spinal active range of motion measurements (P between 0.001 and 0.04). The positive results were maintained at the follow-up. Conclusion. The proposed programme was well tolerated and produced immediate and medium-term beneficial effects improving function and strain endurance. This trial is registered with DRKS00005071 on DRKS.
Giannotti, Erika; Koutsikos, Konstantinos; Pigatto, Maurizia; Rampudda, Maria Elisa; Doria, Andrea
Reassessment of the Listeria monocytogenes pan-genome reveals dynamic integration hotspots and mobile genetic elements as major components of the accessory genome
Background Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen and model organism for host-pathogen interaction, thus representing an invaluable target considering research on the forces governing the evolution of such microbes. The diversity of this species has not been exhaustively explored yet, as previous efforts have focused on analyses of serotypes primarily implicated in human listeriosis. We conducted complete genome sequencing of 11 strains employing 454 GS FLX technology, thereby achieving full coverage of all serotypes including the first complete strains of serotypes 1/2b, 3c, 3b, 4c, 4d, and 4e. These were comparatively analyzed in conjunction with publicly available data and assessed for pathogenicity in the Galleria mellonella insect model. Results The species pan-genome of L. monocytogenes is highly stable but open, suggesting an ability to adapt to new niches by generating or including new genetic information. The majority of gene-scale differences represented by the accessory genome resulted from nine hyper variable hotspots, a similar number of different prophages, three transposons (Tn916, Tn554, IS3-like), and two mobilizable islands. Only a subset of strains showed CRISPR/Cas bacteriophage resistance systems of different subtypes, suggesting a supplementary function in maintenance of chromosomal stability. Multiple phylogenetic branches of the genus Listeria imply long common histories of strains of each lineage as revealed by a SNP-based core genome tree highlighting the impact of small mutations for the evolution of species L. monocytogenes. Frequent loss or truncation of genes described to be vital for virulence or pathogenicity was confirmed as a recurring pattern, especially for strains belonging to lineages III and II. New candidate genes implicated in virulence function were predicted based on functional domains and phylogenetic distribution. A comparative analysis of small regulatory RNA candidates supports observations of a differential distribution of trans-encoded RNA, hinting at a diverse range of adaptations and regulatory impact. Conclusions This study determined commonly occurring hyper variable hotspots and mobile elements as primary effectors of quantitative gene-scale evolution of species L. monocytogenes, while gene decay and SNPs seem to represent major factors influencing long-term evolution. The discovery of common and disparately distributed genes considering lineages, serogroups, serotypes and strains of species L. monocytogenes will assist in diagnostic, phylogenetic and functional research, supported by the comparative genomic GECO-LisDB analysis server (http://bioinfo.mikrobio.med.uni-giessen.de/geco2lisdb).
\\u000a Learning disability (LD) refers to a condition in which a child fails to develop adequate academic skills, such as reading,\\u000a writing, or calculation. LDs involve inadequate development of academic skills, rather than representing a loss of previously\\u000a acquired function, although brain lesions may certainly result in cognitive deficits that affect reading, writing, and calculation\\u000a (for a review, see Heilman and
Gayle K. Deutsch; Robert N. Davis
Social and professional integration of persons with disabilities is a major challenge faced by many communities. In particular, teaching or training such persons is a very demanding task. This paper presents details of the specification and design of a new software tool aimed at assisting the learning process of students with learning disabilities. Using a four-step problem solving strategy, the
Sergiu Dascalu; Maryann Chandy; Frederick Harris; Daniela Saru
Social Cognition and Verbal Learning Disabilities
Considerable research suggests that the greatest proportion of learning disabilities involve reading and writing. In a majority of these cases, investigators have documented the presence of underlying weaknesses in various verbal\\/linguistic processes. Professionals have invested heavily in the treatment of academic outcomes associated with verbal learning disabilities. However, less emphasis has been given to the way in which these verbal
Lawrence J. Lewandowski; Jeremie Rentas Barlow
The learning-disabled medical student.
Developmental pediatricians are being consulted by medical school promotion committees with regard to the course of action to be taken with learning-disabled medical students experiencing academic difficulties. Faculty attitude, a difficulty understanding the nature of learning disabilities, appears to be a major contributor to poor medical school performance on the part of learning-disabled adults. Utilizing the sequential-simultaneous information processing model as a simplified introduction to learning disability patterns, the authors argue that recommending intensive remediation of rote spelling and writing skills in students engaged in graduate education represents both a waste of time and a further emotional trauma to these young professionals. PMID:2808719
Accardo, P; Haake, C; Whitman, B
A Walk a Day Keeps Disability at Bay
Coming Face to Face with Disability: Human Resource Managers' Perspectives
Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) members were surveyed to determine what advice they would give to job seekers who have disabilities. Six disability categories were used: physical, learning, auditory, visual, chronic, and ōother.ö Although the majority of respondents favored direct disclosure of a disability at or after the employment interview, a sizable minority recommended indirect disclosure prior to the
Linda E. Parry; Leane Rutherford; Patricia A. Merrier
Language-Based Learning Disabilities
Language-Based Learning Disabilities What is a language-based learning disability ? What are some signs or symptoms ... a language-based learning disability ? What is a language-based learning disability? Language-based learning disabilities are ...
Pediatric Disability and Caregiver Separation
The evidence that the birth of a child with a disability leads to divorce or separation is equivocal, with the majority of recent research suggesting that such a birth and childrearing may be stressful, but not necessarily toxic, to the caregiver relationship. Such research has been limited by small sample sizes and nonrepresentative samples andģ
McCoyd, Judith L. M.; Akincigil, Ayse; Paek, Eun Kwang
Towards Mobile Cryptography
Mobile code technology has become a driving force for recent advances in distributed systems. The concept of mo- bility of executable code raises major security problems. I n this paper we deal with the protection of mobile code from possibly malicious hosts. We conceptualize on the specific cryptographic problems posed by mobile code. We are able to provide a solution
Tomas Sander; Christian F. Tschudin
Sound mobility models
Simulation has become an indispensable tool in the construction and evaluation of mobile systems. By using mobility models that describe constituent movement, one can explore large systems, producing repeatable results for comparison between alternatives. Unfortunately, the vast majority of mobility models---including all those in which nodal speed and distance or destination are chosen independently---suffer from decay; average speed decreases until
Jungkeun Yoon; Mingyan Liu; Brian Noble
Characterization and evolution of dissolved organic matter in acidic forest soil and its impact on the mobility of major and trace elements (case of the Strengbach watershed)
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) plays an important role in the behavior of major and trace elements in the soil and influences their transfer from soil to soil solution. The first objective of this study is to characterize different organic functional groups for the Water Extractable Organic Carbon (WEOC) fractions of a forest soil as well as their evolution with depth. The second objective is to clarify the influence of these organic functional groups on the migration of the trace elements in WEOC fractions compared to those in the soil solution obtained by lysimeter plates. All experiments have been performed on an acidic forest soil profile (five depths in the first meter) of the experimental spruce parcel in the Stengbach catchment. The Infra-red spectra of the freeze-dried WEOC fractions show a modification of the molecular structure with depth, i.e. a decrease of the polar compounds such as polysaccharides and an increase of the less polar hydro-carbon functional groups with a maximum value of the aromaticity at 30 cm depth. A Hierarchical Ascending Classification (HAC) of the evolution of Water Extractable Chemical Elements (WECE) with the evolution of the organic functional groups in the organic matter (OM) enriched soil compartments permits recognition of relationships between trace element behavior and the organic functional group variations. More specifically, Pb is preferentially bound to the carboxylic acid function of DOC mainly present in the upper soil compartment and rare earth elements (REE) show similar behavior to Fe, V and Cr with a good affinity to carboxy-phenolic and phenolic groups of DOC. The experimental results show that heavy REE compared to light REE are preferentially bound to the aromatic functional group. This different behavior fractionates the REE pattern of soil solutions at 30 cm depth due to the here observed aromaticity enrichment of DOC. These different affinities for the organic functional groups of the DOC explain some aspects of the behavior of trace elements in soil solutions and in the soil profile but, also the competition between trace elements in complexation with DOC. The results of this study are important for the understanding of the mobility and the migration of pollutants (as heavy metals or radionuclides) as well as nutrients in natural ecosystems. WE PrN/YbN is constant between 3 and 16 cm depth whereas SS PrN/YbN slightly decreases from 0.80 at 5 cm depth to 0.74 at 10 cm depth. This results from Pr (LREE) enrichment in the soil solution of the upper soil compartment caused by vegetation controlled LREE recycling and/or atmospheric depositions (see above). WE PrN/YbN and SS PrN/YbN show similar depth dependent distributions including the enrichment at 30 cm depth. It results from Yb depletion at this depth and enrichment in the deeper soil compartment compared to Pr. Similar to Marsac et al. (2012, 2013) one might suggest that there is competition between Fe3+, Al3+ and REE for the binding with DOC. They have a high affinity with the same organic functional groups which is confirmed by the classification scheme (Fig. 8). The studies of Marsac et al. suggest that at acidic pH and low metal/DOC ratios, Fe3+and Al3+ compete more with HREE than LREE; moreover, at high metal/DOC ratios and acidic pH, Al3+ competes with LREE. The Fig. 13 showing the variations of WECEN for Al and Fe in function of WECEN LREE and HREE confirms Marsac et al.Æs observations. The slope of the extrapolation line resulting from WECEN Al and HREE values remains rather unchanged for the OM depleted and enriched soil compartments; thus, the change in the metal/DOC ratio in the soil does not change the extraction behavior of Al and HREE. However, the WECEN Fe strongly increase compared to the corresponding HREE values in the OM enriched compartment pointing to the competition between Fe and HREE. Alternatively, one observes that the WECEN Fe and LREE values in the OM enriched compartment plot on the extrapolation line derived from OM depleted soil samples. Thus, in this case, the change in the met
Gangloff, Sophie; Stille, Peter; Pierret, Marie-Claire; Weber, Tiphaine; Chabaux, Franńois
Environmental Barriers Experienced by Urban and Rural Disabled People in South Africa
Impairments pose a certain degree of difficulty to disabled people, however the impact of the environment is the major cause of disability. Despite the fact that the disabling effect of environmental factors is acknowledged, little research has been done to explore the impact of the environment on varying degrees of disability and differentģ
Maart, S.; Eide, A. H.; Jelsma, J.; Loeb, M. E.; Toni, M. Ka
Disability among Elderly Survivors of Mechanical Ventilation
Rationale: Studies of long-term functional outcomes of elderly survivors of mechanical ventilation (MV) are limited to local samples and biased retrospective, proxy-reported preadmission functional status. Objectives: To assess the impact on disability of hospitalization with MV, compared with hospitalization without MV, accounting for prospectively assessed prior functional status. Methods: Retrospective population-based longitudinal cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and older enrolled in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, 1996¢2003. Measurements and Main Results: Premeasures and postmeasures of disability included mobility difficulty and weighted activities of daily living disability scores ranging from 0 (not disabled) to 100 (completely disabled) based on self-reported health and functional status collected 1 year apart. Among 54,771 person-years (PY) of observation over 7 calendar years of data, 42,890 PY involved no hospitalization, 11,347 PY involved a hospitalization without MV, and 534 PY included a hospitalization with MV. Mortality at 1 year was 8.9%, 23.9%, and 72.5%, respectively. The level of disability at the postassessment was substantially higher for a prototypical patient who survived after hospitalization with MV (adjusted activities of daily living disability score [95% confidence interval] 14.9 [12.2¢17.7]; adjusted mobility difficulty score [95% confidence interval] 25.4 [22.4¢28.4]) compared with an otherwise identical patient who survived hospitalization without MV (11.5 [11.1¢11.9] and 22.3 [21.8¢22.9]) or who was not hospitalized (8.0 [7.9¢8.1] and 13.4 [13.3¢13.6]). Conclusions: The greater marginal increase in disability among survivors of MV compared with survivors of hospitalization without MV is larger than would be predicted from prior functional status.
Barnato, Amber E.; Albert, Steven M.; Angus, Derek C.; Lave, Judith R.; Degenholtz, Howard B.
Secondary analysis of a scoping review of health promotion interventions for persons with disabilities: Do health promotion interventions for people with mobility impairments address secondary condition reduction and increased community participation?
BackgroundSecondary conditions can have very serious outcomes for people with physical disabilities. Such consequences can range from immobility due to pressure sores to withdrawal and isolation due to depression, decreasing participation in the community.
Glen W. White; Chiaki Gonda; Jana J. Peterson; Charles E. Drum
Disability: a welfarist approach
In this paper, we offer a new account of disability. According to our account, some state of a person's biology or psychology is a disability if that state makes it more likely that a person's life will get worse, in terms of his or her own wellbeing, in a given set of social and environmental circumstances. Unlike the medical model of disability, our welfarist approach does not tie disability to deviation from normal speciesÆ functioning, nor does it understand disability in essentialist terms. Like the social model of disability, the welfarist approach sees disability as a harmful state that results from the interaction between a person's biology and psychology and his or her surrounding environment. However, unlike the social model, it denies that the harm associated with disability is entirely due to social prejudice or injustice. In this paper, we outline and clarify the welfarist approach, answer common objections and illustrate its usefulness in addressing a range of difficult ethical questions involving disability.
Savulescu, Julian; Kahane, Guy
Conferences and convention centres' accessibility to people with disabilities.
Objective: The purposes of this manuscript are to create awareness of problems of accessibility at meetings and conferences for people with disabilities, and to provide a checklist for organizers of conferences to make the event more accessible to people with disabilities. Methods: We conducted a search of the grey literature for conference centres and venues that had recommendations for making the event more accessible. The types of disability included in this manuscript are those as a consequence of visual, hearing and mobility impairments. Results: We provide a checklist to make meetings accessible to people with disabilities. The checklist is divided into sections related to event planning, venue accessibility, venue staff, invitations/registrations, greeting people with a disability, actions during the event, and suggestions for effective presenters. Conclusions: The checklist can be used by prospective organizers of conferences to plan an event and to ensure inclusion and participation of people with disabilities. PMID:24925467
Doshi, Jasmine Khandhar; Furlan, Andrķa Dompieri; Lopes, Luis Carlos; DeLisa, Joel; Battistella, Linamara Rizzo
Predicting disabilities in daily functioning in older people with intellectual disabilities using a frailty index.
Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes compared to others of the same age. People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are more frequently and earlier frail compared to the general population. Frailty challenges much of health care, which will likely further increase due to the aging of the population. Before effective interventions can start, more information is necessary about the consequences of frailty in this, already disabled, population. Here we report whether frailty predicts disabilities in daily functioning. Frailty was measured with a frailty index (FI). At baseline and follow-up activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and mobility were collected by informant report. For 703 older people with ID (?50 yr) baseline and follow-up measures were known. Multivariate linear regression models were used to predict ADL, IADL and mobility at follow-up. The FI was significantly associated with disabilities in daily functioning independent of baseline characteristics (age, gender, level of ID, Down syndrome) and baseline ADL, IADL or mobility. The FI showed to be most predictive for those with relative high independence at baseline. These results stress the importance for interventions that limit the progression of frailty and, thereby, help to limit further disability. PMID:24950014
Schoufour, Josje D; Mitnitski, Arnold; Rockwood, Kenneth; Hilgenkamp, Thessa I M; Evenhuis, Heleen M; Echteld, Michael A
Disability as diversity in Fortune 100 companies.
To investigate the inclusion of people with disabilities in the diversity policies of the most successful businesses in the United States, we examined the publicly available workforce and supplier diversity policies of the top 100 companies on Fortune Magazine's 2003 list of the 500 most profitable companies in the nation. The majority of these companies have extensive information about their diversity policies and practices available on their corporate website. The information was used to categorize the policies into those that include people with disabilities, do not define diversity, and enumerate what is meant by diversity (e.g. in terms of race or gender) but do not expressly mention disability. In addition, we looked beyond the diversity policies to information available on corporate websites relating to a variety of diversity initiatives. Findings suggest that the majority of the companies that top the Fortune 500 list have developed and implemented diversity policies. Of these, 42% have diversity policies that include people with disabilities in the definition of a diverse workforce. Furthermore, 47% of companies with workplace diversity policies discuss diversity in a way that neither expressly includes nor excludes people with disabilities. Far fewer (15%) supplier diversity policies include disability in the definition of diversity, but a significant number of companies use criteria that allow a business owner with a disability to benefit from the company's supplier diversity program. PMID:15706604
Ball, Phoebe; Monaco, Gregory; Schmeling, James; Schartz, Helen; Blanck, Peter
Somatization Increases Disability Independent of Comorbidity
Background Somatoform disorders are an important factor in functional disability and role impairment, though their independent contribution to disability has been unclear because of prevalent medical and psychiatric comorbidity. Objectives To assess the extent of the overlap of somatization with other psychiatric disorders and medical problems, to compare the functional disability and role impairment of somatizing and non-somatizing patients, and to determine the independent contribution of somatization to functional disability and role impairment. Design Patients were surveyed with self-report questionnaires assessing somatization, psychiatric disorder, and role impairment. Medical morbidity was indexed with a computerized medical record audit. Participants Consecutive adults making scheduled visits to their primary care physicians at two hospital-affiliated primary care practices on randomly chosen days. Measurements Intermediate activities of daily living, social activities, and occupational disability. Results Patients with somatization, as well as those with serious medical and psychiatric illnesses, had significantly more impairment of activities of daily life and social activities. When these predictors were considered simultaneously in a multivariable regression, the association with somatization remained highly significant and was comparable to or greater than many major medical conditions. Conclusions Patients with somatization had substantially greater functional disability and role impairment than non-somatizing patients. The degree of disability was equal to or greater than that associated with many major, chronic medical disorders. Adjusting the results for psychiatric and medical co-morbidity had little effect on these findings.
Orav, E. John; Bates, David W.; Barsky, Arthur J.
Seizures and X-linked intellectual disability
Intellectual disability occurs as an isolated X-linked trait and as a component of recognizable X-linked syndromes in the company of somatic, metabolic, neuromuscular, or behavioral abnormalities. Seizures accompany intellectual disability in almost half of these X-linked disorders. The spectrum of seizures found in the X-linked intellectual disability syndromes is broad, varying in time of onset, type of seizure, and response to anticonvulsant therapy. The majority of the genes associated with XLID and seizures have now been identified.
Stevenson, Roger E.; Holden, Kenton R.; Rogers, R. Curtis; Schwartz, Charles E.
What Are Learning Disabilities?
... disability is not an indication of a personÆs intelligence. Also, learning disabilities are not the same as ... Support for Neuroscience Research NIH grantee develops new technology to recognize words via brain activity patterns All ...
Aversive Disablism: Subtle Prejudice toward Disabled People
Blatant forms of prejudice towards disabled people appear to be disappearing in the UK. However, subtle forms of prejudice remain and may be highly damaging to the achievement of the vision of disabled people being "respected and included as equal members of society". In order to assist placing subtle forms of prejudice within a framework, theģ
Deal, Mark
Measures of Physical Performance and Risk for Progressive and Catastrophic Disability: Results From the Women's Health and Aging Study
Background. Physical performance measures can predict incident disability, but little research has assessed and compared how these measures predict progressive and rapid-onset (catastrophic) disability. The authors evaluated the ability of upper and lower extremity performance measures to predict progressive and catastrophic disability in activities of daily living (ADL), mobility, and upper extremity function. Methods. The incidence of progressive and catastrophic
Graziano Onder; Brenda W. J. H. Penninx; Luigi Ferrucci; Linda P. Fried; Jack M. Guralnik; Marco Pahor
Determinants of disability in older coronary patients
Background Patient-reported physical function is a major component of disability determinations and an important contributor to health-related quality of life. Prior studies of coronary disability have shown a surprisingly poor correlation between real-life activity profile and exercise capacity measured on the treadmill. The goal of the current investigation was to evaluate the relative importance of medical factors, sex, fitness-related measures,
Philip A. Ades; Patrick D. Savage; Marc D. Tischler; Eric T. Poehlman; Justine Dee; Joelyn Niggel
Advancement opportunity issues for persons with disabilities
This article discusses issues affecting the advancement opportunities of persons with disabilities and strategies for overcoming barriers to advancement. Specifically, two major sources of treatment discrimination are identified: (1) individual factors (i.e., nature of the disability, stereotypes and stigma, multiple stigma and self-limiting behaviors) and (2) organizational factors (i.e., token status, outgroup status, perceptions of limited job-fit, lack of role
Gwen E. Jones
EPA Science Inventory
The purpose of the Disability Statistics Center is to produce and disseminate statistical information on disability and the status of people with disabilities in American society and to establish and monitor indicators of how conditions are changing over time to meet their health...
Disability Accommodation Handbook.
Designed as a resource for two-year college faculty and staff working with students with disabilities, this handbook contains facts about various disabilities, practical suggestions for improving services, and resource points for further information. Following a brief introduction, legal implications regarding disabled students are discussed forģ
Flick-Hruska, Connie, Comp.; Blythe, Gretchen, Comp.
Social Psychoanalytic Disability Studies
This paper explores connections and tensions between psychoanalysis and disability studies. The first part of the paper considers contemporaneous engagements with the psyche by a number of disability studies writers. These scholars have remained accountable to a politicised disability studies but have pushed for critical encounters with theģ
Goodley, Dan
Work Disability in Appalachia.
This paper begins by examining the history of disability payments to disabled workers, specifically disability payments to coal workers. Efforts by the United Mine Workers of America made mine health and safety an issue in the 1960s, and continuing liberalization of the law continued through the 1970s. The identification of coal miners withģ
Greenwood, Judith
Movement, Mobility, and Public Health
Physical inactivity is increasingly recognized as a public health problem due to the increased risks for chronic diseases and disabling physical conditions that limit movement and mobility in adults. During the past 15 years, public health activities have focused on understanding factors that influence physical activity behaviors and in identifying ways to minimize physical inactivity. Efforts have focused on conducting
Barbara E. Ainsworth
Late Effects of Polio: A Model for Identification and Assessment of Preventable Secondary Disabilities.
The major goal of the project was to develop methods for identifying and assessing preventable secondary disabilities among populations having primary disabilities caused by chronic motor impairments. Project investigators performed an in-depth study of a...
C. Peterson F. M. Maynard M. Julius N. Kirsch R. Lampman
National Disability Policy: A Progress Report
This National Council on Disability (NCD) annual progress report to the President and Congress covers the period December 2005 through December 2006. The report is divided into 13 chapters, each dealing with a major area of public policy. These subject-specific chapters are preceded by an introductory Major Trends section that identifiesģ
National Council on Disability, 2008
Disability and Rehabilitation Services in India: Issues and Challenges
Disability is an important public health problem especially in developing countries like India. The problem will increase in future because of increase in trend of non-communicable diseases and change in age structure with an increase in life expectancy. The issues are different in developed and developing countries, and rehabilitation measures should be targeted according the needs of the disabled with community participation. In India, a majority of the disabled resides in rural areas where accessibility, availability, and utilization of rehabilitation services and its cost-effectiveness are the major issues to be considered. Research on disability burden, appropriate intervention strategies and their implementation to the present context in India is a big challenge. Recent data was collected from Medline and various other sources and analyzed. The paper discusses various issues and challenges related to disability and rehabilitation services in India and emphasize to strengthen health care and service delivery to disabled in the community.
Kumar, S. Ganesh; Roy, Gautam; Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar
Changing practice: implications of the World Report on Disability for responding to communication disability in under-served populations.
The World Report on Disability provides a major challenge to the conceptualization and delivery of services for people with communication disabilities around the world. Many people, in both Majority and Minority World countries, receive limited or no support in relation to their communication disability. In this paper the prevalence of communication disability across the world (and the challenges to obtaining these data) are discussed, particularly in relation to disability more broadly. Populations that are under-served by speech-language pathology services in both Majority and Minority World countries are described. The paper describes organizational change theory and the potential it has, together with a biopsychosocial model of disability, to assist in understanding and influencing development of relevant services for people with communication disabilities (PWCD), particularly those who are under-served. Aspects of, and influences on, service delivery for PWCD are described. The need for novel ways of conceptualizing development of services, including population-based approaches, is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for PWCD and for speech-language pathologists which arise from the nine recommendations of the World Report on Disability are considered and readers are encouraged to consider new and novel ways of developing equitable services for people with communication disabilities, in both majority and minority world settings. PMID:23323813
Wylie, Karen; McAllister, Lindy; Davidson, Bronwyn; Marshall, Julie
Repositioning Mothers: Mothers, Disabled Children and Disability Studies
In this article we set out to review the ways in which mothers of disabled children have been portrayed within disability studies and the more broader academic literature. We argue that within disability studies mothers of disabled children occupy a liminal position because they are often not disabled and yet they can experience forms ofģ
Ryan, Sara; Runswick-Cole, Katherine
Approach to learning disability
Learning disabilities (LD) is one of the important causes of poor academic performance in school going children. Learning\\u000a disabilities are developmental disorders that usually manifest during the period of normal education. These disabilities create\\u000a a significant gap between the true potential and day to day performance of an individual. Dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia\\u000a denote the problem related to reading, writing
Madhuri Kulkarni; Sarika Kalantre; Shubhangi Upadhye; Sunil Karande; Sanjeev Ahuja
Disability and global development.
The United States invests billions of taxpayer dollars each year into foreign assistance programs that foster international diplomacy and development directed toward improving the quality of life for people around the world. These programs develop economies and combat poverty, promote democracy and governance, build new infrastructure, advance and protect human rights, among other development goals. The United States cannot effectively accomplish the goals of foreign assistance programs unless it undertakes measures to ensure that the programs are accessible to and inclusive of people with disabilities. The United States has been a leader in advancing the rights of people with disabilities and must continue to promote disability rights through its international development work. Overseas economic development will not be successful unless people with disabilities are included. Because of the significant number of people with disabilities in developing countries, if they are not included, the very economic growth the United States is trying to foster will be hindered. The goals of democracy and governance programs cannot be achieved without the inclusion of people with disabilities. In many countries, domestic law contains blatant discriminatory provisions for people with disabilities that undermine access to justice and full participation in society. The provisions that discriminate against people with disabilities include arbitrary exclusions in electoral codes, sweeping plenary guardianship laws with no due-process protections, discriminatory banking practices, and inaccessible court proceedings. National disability legal frameworks remain underdeveloped throughout the world. PMID:22726852
Durocher, Joan; Lord, Janet; Defranco, Allison
Culture and Disability Behavior
A substantial amount of literature suggests that illness behavior in the United States is a product of a patient's core culture; equally credible findings do not support this contention. Most students and graduates in the health care professions believe that illness and disability behavior are affected by a patient's culture, but they are hard put to find convincing examples of that relationship. In experience with medical students studying the social and cultural bases of illness behavior, with patients who are disabled and with persons who claim disability in the absence of physical disease or disabling psychopathology, I observed no deviant disability behavior that was typical for the members of any cultural group, and no behavior was displayed by the members of one cultural group that was not seen in members of other cultural groups. No cultural stereotypes were upheld. I did find evidence that disability behavior is influenced by personality factors, social situations and the gains derived from the disability status. Evolving concepts of ōentitlement,ö which are closely related to socioeconomic status, also have a significant influence. The impact of feedback from others in a person's many social and medical subcultures is a more crucial determinant of illness and disability behavior, except in those for whom illness and disability behavior is determined by the limitations imposed by the disease or by a personality structure resistant to cultural expectations and social feedback.
Brodsky, Carroll M.
Wake Up Call: Pregnant and Parenting Teens with Disabilities
Pregnancy among all teenagers is a major challenge facing the United States. A literature review indicated little research on the incidences of pregnancy and parenting among teenagers with disabilities, similarities and differences in their educational needs when compared to their non-disabled peers, and how programs address their specificģ
Jones, Karen H.; Woolcock-Henry, Constance O.; Domenico, Desirae M.
Four Types of Disabilities: Their Impact on Online Learning
This article introduced some of the issues and challenges faced by online learners who have disabilities by providing an overview of four major disability categories: visual impairments, hearing impairments, motor impairments, and cognitive impairments. It also discussed how assistive technologies and universal design are being incorporated inģ
Crow, Kevin L.
Counseling College Students with Disabilities: Legal, Ethical, and Clinical Issues.
Guides college counselors who provide services to students with disabilities through pertinent legal, ethical, and clinical considerations. Counseling these students requires counselors to become sensitive to their unique issues and concerns. Of college students, 10% self-report a disability that substantially limits one or more major lifeģ
Corrigan, Margaret J.
Inclusion in Regeneration: A Place for Disabled People?
The Single Regeneration Budget (SRB) is a major policy tool for tackling inequality within British cities. Surveys of 200 public-private-community SRB partnerships examined the involvement of people with disabilities in the partnerships. Results indicated that people with disabilities tended to be targets of projects rather than activeģ
Edwards, Claire
National Disability Policy: A Progress Report, December 2001-December 2002.
This annual report of the National Council on Disability surveys major legal and policy developments during the year 2002 and offers recommendations for legal/policy measures and for research. The first chapter identifies legal and policy issues that cross traditional areas, focusing on six themes: (1) the mainstreaming of disability issues; (2)ģ
National Council on Disability, Washington, DC.
Young Offenders with Disabilities: Legal Requirements and Reform Considerations
Delinquency rates have been a persistent concern in the United States with juveniles involved in almost a third of arrests for major crimes in 1993. Further, a disproportionate number of youths incarcerated have a disability. Because youths with disabilities in correctional facilities present legal and educational challenges, we explored the parameters of providing appropriate services based on individual needs. Despite
Antonis Katsiyannis; Francie Murry
Help-Seeking Patterns in College Students with Disabilities
Research consistently shows that college students who take advantage of supports and accommodations perform better academically. The literature is not clear, however, on whether college students with disabilities seek help more or less frequently than their peers without disabilities. One major form of help is consulting with professors outside ofģ
Trammell, Jack; Hathaway, Melissa
A Career Education Program for Students with Physical Disabilities.
A model career education program for physically disabled students in grades K through 12 was designed, implemented, and evaluated at Human Resources School (HRS), a school for the physically disabled, in Albertson, New York. The major objectives of this program are to enhance development of students' self concept, decisionmaking ability, andģ
Henfield, Paul; And Others
Perceptions of Self-Efficacy among STEM Students with Disabilities
Numerous studies examine the relationship between self-efficacy and positive outcomes for postsecondary students. Collectively they echo that self-efficacy is an essential component to positive outcomes. Relatively few studies focused on students with disabilities majoring in STEM fields. Twenty postsecondary students with disabilitiesģ
Jenson, Ronda J.; Petri, Alexis N.; Day, Arden D.; Truman, Kevin Z.; Duffy, Kate
Creating Opportunities for Intensive Intervention for Students with Learning Disabilities
With the last reauthorization of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA, also known as No Child Left Behind or NCLB), special education research exerted a major influence on general education. Even so, the academic outcomes of students with learning disabilities (LD), who are theģ
Fuchs, Lynn S.; Fuchs, Douglas
Feature Issue on Leadership by Persons with Disabilities.
This newsletter issue provides stories of leaders who have developmental disabilities, descriptions of program initiatives and models promoting leadership opportunities for individuals who are disabled, and an historical overview of leadership issues. Major articles include: "Leadership: Where We've Been, Where We Are, Where We're Going" (Hankģ
Abery, Brian, Ed.; And Others
Why Do Many Older Persons Become Disabled in Walking and Driving?
... the 17 January 2012 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 156, pages 131-140). The authors are ... needed to prevent community mobility disability. Annals of Internal Medicine Summaries for Patients I-44® 2012 American College ...
Disability and Health: Healthy Living
... the Health and Wellness of Persons with Disabilities Health Care Reform Health care reform for Americans with disabilities: Learn more about the Affordable Care Act . Getting the Best Possible Health Care People with disabilities must get the care ...
Office of Disability Employment Policy
... DOL Home > Office of Disability Employment Policy ODEP - Office of Disability Employment Policy Disability Policy. Employment Practice. ... Employment & Entrepreneurship Tax Incentives for Employers Transportation Universal Design Veterans Women The Workforce System Workforce Recruitment Program ( ...
"So Much Potential in Reading!" Developing Meaningful Literacy Routines for Students with Multiple Disabilities
Children with multiple disabilities, often experience challenges in communication, mobility, and learning. Despite these challenges, substantial research exists that documents successful educational methods and strategies for these students. Specifically, students with multiple disabilities have successfully been taught to use a voice outputģ
Fenlon, Amanda G.; McNabb, Jessica; Pidlypchak, Harmony
Disability and Democracy in Cambodia: An Integrative Approach to Community Building and Civic Engagement
The political framework through which the various communities of disabled persons in Cambodia advocate for and claim their rights is complex and confusing. Both governmental and non-governmental actors engage this political framework through the mobilization of persons from the various disabled communities, competing in the civic sphere throughģ
Zook, Darren C.
Evaluation of an Application for Making Palmtop Computers Accessible to Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities
Background: Palmtop computers provide a promising mobile platform to address barriers to computer-based supports for people with intellectual disabilities. This study evaluated a specially designed interface to make navigation and features of palmtop computers more accessible to users with intellectual disabilities. Method: The specialisedģ
Stock, Steven E.; Davies, Daniel K.; Davies, Katelyn R.; Wehmeyer, Michael L.
Advocating in Schools for Children with Disabilities: What's New with IDEA?
Article provides information regarding amended Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and the impact of those changes on children's education rights. Some changes and practice implications discussed include expansion of categories of children with disabilities; new requirements for mobile, homeless, or culturally diverse populations andģ
Altshuler, Sandra J.; Kopels, Sandra
Support for Students with Disabilities in Community Colleges. UCLA Community College Bibliography
In discussing services for students with disabilities, it is important to emphasize that this term encompasses a variety of physical and cognitive challenges faced by individuals, including learning disabilities such as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), mobility impairment, hearing/visualģ
Zarkesh, Maryam
Athletic Training Students With Disabilities: A Survey of Entry-Level Education Programs
Context: The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 created and expanded protection for people with disabilities. Objective: To identify the proportion of students with disabilities enrolled in entry-level athletic training education programs (ATEPs), to examine the nature of the disabilities reported by these students, and to assess the number of ATEPs with policies (beyond technical standards) for admitting students with disabilities. Design: I distributed a survey via e-mail and the US Postal Service. The survey instrument was adapted from a tool used in similar research on medical education programs. Setting: Entry-level ATEPs. Patients or Other Participants: The survey was distributed to program directors at 292 Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Program¢accredited entry-level ATEPs. Main Outcome Measure(s): Using frequency analysis, I determined the rate at which students with disabilities enrolled in entry-level ATEPs and the types of disabilities represented. Disabilities represented in the study were related to learning, auditory, visual, emotional, orthopaedic, mobility, and motor skill impairments. Results: Of the 283 surveys delivered, 105 (37%) were completed and returned. A total of 70% of respondents reported enrollment of students with disabilities in their ATEPs. The number of students with disabilities in entry-level ATEPs increased during the 4-year period of this study, and the proportion of students with disabilities has also increased annually (from 1.8% to 2.6%). The most common type of impairment was a learning disability, accounting for more than 80% of all disabilities reported. Fewer than 10% of the ATEPs had a specific enrollment policy for students with disabilities. Conclusions: The number of students with disabilities in entry-level ATEPs is increasing, yet this figure is well below the 9% reported for the general student population. Most institutions rely on technical standards or student disability officers to determine if a student with a disability is otherwise qualified for selection into the ATEP.
Newsham, Katherine R
Unique Issues in Assessing Work Function Among Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities
With the admission of people who experience psychiatric disabilities in the state¢federal vocational rehabilitation system and the Social Security disability rolls in the 1960s, assessment of their capacity to work has been a major concern. Given the rising rates of claims for psychiatric disability in both the public and the private sectors, and the disappointing employment outcomes of people with
K. MacDonald-Wilson; E. S. Rogers; W. A. Anthony
Unique Issues in Assessing Work Function Among Individuals With Psychiatric Disabilities
With the admission of people who experience psychiatric disabilities in the state-federal vocational rehabilitation system and the Social Security disability rolls in the 1960s, assess- ment of their capacity to work has been a major concern. Given the rising rates of claims for psychiatric disability in both the public and the private sectors, and the disappointing employment outcomes of people
The Fairness of Report Card Grading Adaptations: What Do Students with and without Learning Disabilities Think?
A study of 15 high school students with learning disabilities and 257 typical students found no grading adaptation was viewed as fair by a majority of students without disabilities. Changing the grading scale and raising grades to reflect improvement were viewed as fair adaptations by the students with disabilities. (CR)
Bursuck, William D.; Munk, Dennis D.; Olson, Mary M.
Secondary Loss and Pain-Associated Disability: Theoretical Overview and Treatment Implications
In the area of occupational pain disability, a major barrier to effective rehabilitation of patients may be the extensive personal losses that can arise as secondary features of chronic pain disability. In this review, we discuss the concept of secondary loss and how it can have a profound impact on patients with occupational pain disability. Such secondary loss issues are
Robert J. Gatchel; Laura Adams; Peter B. Polatin; Nancy D. Kishino
Video Self-Modeling: A Job Skills Intervention with Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities in Employment Settings
A large majority of adults with intellectual disabilities are unemployed. Unemployment of adults with intellectual disabilities is a complex multidimensional issue. Some barriers to employment of individuals with intellectual disabilities are the lack of job experience and skills training. In recent years, video-based interventions, such as videoģ
Goh, Ailsa E.
A Westerner's impression of the place of people with a disability in Asian society
From a Westerner's perspective of the place of people with a disability in Asian society, there are similarities and differences between the two societies. A major problem for the Asian countries is their lack of reliable disability prevalence data. The stigmatization of people with a disability remains an international problem and is not confined to Asian cultures. It is argued
Trevor R. Parmenter
Attitudes of Human-Resource Management Students toward Persons with Disabilities.
Examined attitudes of human-resource management students (n=143) from three major Mississippi universities toward persons with disabilities using Form O of the Attitudes toward Disabled Persons Scale. Found that African-American human-resource management students manifested more negative attitudes toward persons with disabilities than did whiteģ
Satcher, Jamie; Dooley-Dickey, Katherine
Trends in Mobile Application Development
Major software companies, such as Apple and Google, are disturbing the relatively safe and established actors of the mobile\\u000a application business. These newcomers have caused significant structural changes by imposing and enforcing their own rules\\u000a for the future of mobile application development. The implications of these changes do not only concern the mobile network\\u000a operators and mobile phone manufacturers. This
Adrian Holzer; Jan Ondrus
Learning Disabilities and Employment.
This book provides information on preparing individuals with learning disabilities for the challenges of employment and outlines the rights of those with learning disabilities in the workplace. Introductory chapters in Part 1 include: "Life after School: Challenges in the Workplace" (Paul J. Gerber); "The New Economy in the 21st Century:ģ
Gerber, Paul J., Ed.; Brown, Dale S., Ed.
Disability: Our Challenge.
Ten papers from a 1978 lecture series on employment, civil rights, education, social aspects, and recreation and leisure for disabled persons are presented. It is explained that as disabled persons, the lecturers presented role models to the students at the Regional Education Program for Handicapped College Students at Teachers College, Columbia.ģ
Hourihan, John P., Ed.
Working with the Disabled.
In a period of declining college enrollments, it is important to serve all qualified students, especially disabled students who may not be attracted to a college unless the college is responding to their needs. The role of the counselor is to translate awareness of needs into positive action for the disabled student. (Author)
Hetherington, Cheryl; Sandmeyer, Louise
Supervising the Learning Disabled.
Discusses the different types of learning disabilities (visual, auditory, motor, tactile, academic), types of accommodations needed for each disability, and hints for supervisors. These suggestions include practicing patience, being direct and specific, explaining inappropriate behavior, being understanding but firm, and being especially thoroughģ
Supervisory Management, 1985
Including Children with Disabilities
The inclusion of disabled children in their local schools and communities is part of the universal struggle of disabled people to claim their basic human rights to equality and participation, and to insist on the necessary changes in society and its institutions to make this possible. Although this movement is still in its infancy, reports fromģ
Mittler, Peter
Disability evaluation in Japan.
To examine the current state and social ramifications of disability evaluation in Japan, public data from Annual Reports on Health and Welfare 1998-1999 were investigated. All data were analyzed based on the classification of disabilities and the effects of age-appropriate welfare services, which have been developed through a half-century of legislative efforts to support disability evaluation. These data suggest that disability evaluation, while essentially affected by age and impairment factors at a minimum, was impacted more by the assistive environment for disabilities. The assistive environment was found to be closely linked with the welfare support system related to a global assessment in the field of community-based rehabilitation. PMID:19503677
Suzuki, Tsunehiko
Disability and comorbidity: diagnoses and symptoms associated with disability in a clinical population with panic disorder.
Background. Anxiety disorders are associated with considerable disability in the domains of (1) work, (2) social, and (3) family and home interactions. Psychiatric comorbidity is also known to be associated with disability. Methods. Data from the Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study was used to identify rates of comorbid diagnoses, anxiety and depression symptom ratings, and Sheehan disability scale ratings from a clinical sample of 1165 adults with panic disorder. Results. Comorbid diagnoses of agoraphobia, major depression, and social phobia were associated with disability across the three domains of work, social, and family and home interactions. The symptom of agoraphobic avoidance makes the largest contribution to disability but there is no single symptom cluster that entirely predicts impairment and disability. Limitations. The findings about the relative contributions that comorbid diagnoses make to disability only apply to a population with panic disorder. Conclusions. Although panic disorder is not generally considered to be among the serious and persistent mental illnesses, when it is comorbid with other diagnoses, it is associated with considerable impairment. In particular, the presence of agoraphobic avoidance should alert the clinician to the likelihood of important functional impairment. When measuring the functional impact of comorbid anxiety disorders, both the categorical and the dimensional approaches to diagnosis make valuable contributions. PMID:24829902
Bonham, Caroline A; Uhlenhuth, Eberhard
Disability and Comorbidity: Diagnoses and Symptoms Associated with Disability in a Clinical Population with Panic Disorder
Background. Anxiety disorders are associated with considerable disability in the domains of (1) work, (2) social, and (3) family and home interactions. Psychiatric comorbidity is also known to be associated with disability. Methods. Data from the Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study was used to identify rates of comorbid diagnoses, anxiety and depression symptom ratings, and Sheehan disability scale ratings from a clinical sample of 1165 adults with panic disorder. Results. Comorbid diagnoses of agoraphobia, major depression, and social phobia were associated with disability across the three domains of work, social, and family and home interactions. The symptom of agoraphobic avoidance makes the largest contribution to disability but there is no single symptom cluster that entirely predicts impairment and disability. Limitations. The findings about the relative contributions that comorbid diagnoses make to disability only apply to a population with panic disorder. Conclusions. Although panic disorder is not generally considered to be among the serious and persistent mental illnesses, when it is comorbid with other diagnoses, it is associated with considerable impairment. In particular, the presence of agoraphobic avoidance should alert the clinician to the likelihood of important functional impairment. When measuring the functional impact of comorbid anxiety disorders, both the categorical and the dimensional approaches to diagnosis make valuable contributions.
Bonham, Caroline A.; Uhlenhuth, Eberhard
Mobile Payments
The increasing deployment of wireless networks and the widespread popularity of handheld devices have led to numerous applications ranging from mobile banking to location-based tracking to mobile advertising. With nearly 300 million mobile users worldwide expected to be purchasing content on wireless devices by 2005, many of these emerging services would greatly benefit from infrastructure support for mobile payments. Many
Upkar Varshney
Exploring Postsecondary Education Disability Service's Standards: Alignment with Disability Studies
A study analyzing the perspectives held by higher education's disability service providers in regards to disability and/or students with disabilities in the implementation of program standards was carried out using a sequential mixed-methods design. Using the knowledge gather by Disability Studies scholars, the study used the constructs ofģ
Guzman, Alberto
Helping Students with Mathematical Disabilities to Succeed
Teachers and parents are often perplexed when an intelligent student performs poorly in mathematics. Research tells us that this is often due to math disability, otherwise known as "dyscalculia". The authors define dyscalculia and describe its major subtypes. Also, the authors describe characteristics of dyscalculia and explain why dyscalculia isģ
Wadlington, Elizabeth; Wadlington, Patrick L.
Reinforcer Preferences of Secondary Students with Disabilities.
Secondary students (n=110) with disabilities rated 90 potential reinforcers. Results indicated that, although student preferences represent a range of reinforcers within existing reinforcement hierarchies, the sample group tended to prefer less intrusive higher level reinforcers, with the overwhelming majority preferring academic or activityģ
Reynolds, Catharine J.; And Others
In Jamaica, Community Aides for Disabled Pre-School Children.
One of the major goals of the Jamaican Early Stimulation Project is to develop a low cost model for providing early identification of disability and intervention services. Journal availability: see EC 133 861. (Author)
Thorburn, Marigold J.
Injury prevention for children with disabilities.
Little injury data exists for children who have disabilities. There is an urgent need to address injury prevention and to improve safety standards for this group. Understanding the epidemiology of injuries will allow clinicians to accurately advise patients and their families on individual risks and counsel them in steps to take to reduce those risks. Safety information must be tailored to consider each child's functional impairments. All children who have disabilities are at risk for maltreatment. Open discussion of this problem is warranted given the immensity of the problem. Identifying parental concerns and supporting parents in the use of respite resources are appropriate. For children who have problems in mobility, falls are the number one concern. Collaboration with reliable vendors and therapists that adhere to standards for safe seating is essential for reducing the risk of wheelchair tips and falls. In addition, therapists should be directed to provide mobility training for activities from safe transfers to street crossing in a community setting. Parents should be counseled to approach their child's injury risk based on the child's cognitive and behavioral level rather than their chronological level. Knowledge of the child's developmental quotient or intelligence quotient will also allow the clinician to accurately formulate an injury prevention plan. Many children will always need supervision for tasks that put them in situations of injury risk (i.e., swimming, street crossing, bathing). Sensorineural deficits such as blindness or deafness create significant alterations in negotiating the environment and an increased risk of injury. Awareness of the special needs for fire risk reduction and street safety are critical in this population. The collection of injury data is critical to define the scope of the problem and to influence changes in policy and the development of technical standards. Educational efforts focused on safety should include pediatricians, rehabilitative therapists, social workers, teachers, parents, and--most importantly--the empowerment of children as they age injury-free into adults. SUGGESTED STRATEGIES: A national injury surveillance system for children who have disabilities should be developed to identify injury risk factors for children with disabilities. Children with disabilities should be monitored as a separate risk group in data collection regarding injuries. Parents should be aware of the cognitive level of their child and its influence on their injury risk. Crash testing on passenger restraints should include crash dummies whose physical characteristics resemble those of children who have disabilities. Families should have an emergency evacuation plan with specific consideration of their disabled child in the event of an emergency. Risk of burns to insensate skin and risks of thermal and friction trauma should be discussed when appropriate. The fire department and the police department should be notified of the presence of a child who has a disability in the home. Parents must be aware of the risk of falls to children who are mobile but cognitively impaired and to those in wheelchairs regardless of cognitive ability. Hospitals must have Child Protective Services teams with specific training in abuse to children with disabilities. Discussion of maltreatment risk should be addressed during routine office visits and appropriate resources should be made available to provide support to families. Educational programs should be developed to alert providers to the risks of abuse of children who have disabilities. PMID:12465566
Gaebler-Spira, Deborah; Thornton, Lisa S
Research into Telecommunications Options for People with Physical Disabilities
People with a disability do not have equitable access to the modern telecommunication medium. Many experience difficulty typing, handling the phone, dialing, or answering calls. For those who are unable to speak, the only option is to type messages using whatever functional control site exists on their body. The provision of accessible mobileģ
Nguyen, Toan; Garrett, Rob; Downing, Andrew; Walker, Lloyd; Hobbs, David
Is test anxiety a peril for students with intellectual disabilities?
Test anxiety is one of the most confronting issues in modern times with the increase in the number of standardised and high-stakes testing. Research has established that there is a direct link between test anxiety and cognitive deficits. The aim of this study is to determine the test anxiety scores of the students with intellectual disabilities in South Australia. It also provided insights into the reasons for high-test anxiety in the participants under study. The Spielberger's Test Anxiety Questionnaire was administered on students with intellectual disabilities in stage 1. Interviews were conducted with participants with intellectual disabilities, parents and teachers in stage 2. Questionnaire findings revealed that the majority of the adolescent females and males and all adult females with intellectual disabilities had high test anxiety scores. However, the majority of adult males with intellectual disabilities obtained moderate test anxiety scores. In the worry and emotionality subscales, it was also found that the majority of adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities were found to score high. The high test anxiety scores have been justified by the interview responses obtained from the three groups of respondents. A number of factors have been identified to be the major predictors of test anxiety in students with intellectual disabilities. PMID:23539607
Datta, Poulomee
Paralympic Athletes and "Knowing Disability"
This article explores non-disabled young people's understandings of Paralympic athletes and the disability sports they play. The article examines how society has come to know disability by discussing medical and social model views of disability. The conceptual tools offered by Pierre Bourdieu are utilised as a means of understanding the nature andģ
Fitzgerald, Hayley
Careers for Persons with Disabilities.
Describes the "Replicating Jobs in Business and Industry for Persons with Disabilities" project at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The project identifies successful role models for disabled youth and employers who have made accommodations for disabled employees. Includes guidelines for advocates of the disabled. (CH)
Tindall, Lloyd W.; Gugerty, John J.
Adaptive Technology for the Disabled.
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 has made it illegal to discriminate against a disabled job applicant who is capable of doing the job. Adaptive devices allow even severely disabled people to perform jobs. Employers can use technology to help disabled employees be as productive as others. (JOW)
Filipczak, Bob
The Excessive Appearance of Disability
This paper engages the appearance of disability in contemporary Western culture. Rather than taking disability for granted as a biomedical condition, I interrogate how disability is made to appear in our culture, including its appearance as a biomedical condition. Fundamentally, disability appears to us as a trouble and, as such, culturalģ
Michalko, Rod
Generalist Genes and Learning Disabilities
The authors reviewed recent quantitative genetic research on learning disabilities that led to the conclusion that genetic diagnoses differ from traditional diagnoses in that the effects of relevant genes are largely general rather than specific. This research suggests that most genes associated with common learning disabilitiesŚlanguage impairment, reading disability, and mathematics disabilityŚare generalists in 3 ways. First, genes that affect
Robert Plomin; Yulia Kovas
Information Package on Disability Studies.
This document is a resource guide to disabilities studies, an approach to disability which seeks to examine the social, economic, and political forces that for years have served to marginalize and oppress people with disabilities. Following an introduction that explains the field of disability studies, Section 1 is an annotated bibliography of 13ģ
Harris, Perri; Lewin, Lori
Service dogs and people with physical disabilities partnerships: a systematic review.
Occupational therapists have recognized the benefits that service dogs can provide people with disabilities. There are many anecdotal publications extolling the benefits of working with service dogs, but few rigorous studies exist to provide the evidence of the usefulness of this type of assistive technology option. This systematic review evaluates the published research that supports the use of service dogs for people with mobility-related physical disabilities. Articles were identified by computerized search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, OT Seeker, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SportDiscus, Education Research Complete, Public Administration Abstracts, Web of Knowledge and Academic Search Premier databases with no date range specified. The keywords used in the search included disabled persons, assistance dogs or service dogs and mobility impairments. The reference lists of the research papers were checked as was the personal citation database of the lead author. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and whereas the findings are promising, they are inconclusive and limited because of the level of evidence, which included one Level I, six Level III, four Level IV and one Level V. All of the studies reviewed had research design quality concerns including small participant sizes, poor descriptions of the interventions, outcome measures with minimal psychometrics and lack of power calculations. Findings indicated three major themes including social/participation, functional and psychological outcomes; all of which are areas in the occupational therapy scope of practice. Occupational therapists may play a critical role in referral, assessment, assisting clients and consulting with training organizations before, during and after the service dog placement process. In order for health care professionals to have confidence in recommending this type of assistive technology, the evidence to support such decisions must be strengthened. PMID:21858889
Winkle, Melissa; Crowe, Terry K; Hendrix, Ingrid
REST based mobile applications
Simplicity is the major advantage of REST based webservices. Whereas SOAP is widespread in complex, security sensitive business-to-business aplications, REST is widely used for mashups and end-user centric applicatons. In that context we give an overview of REST and compare it to SOAP. Furthermore we apply the GeoDrawing application as an example for REST based mobile applications and emphasize on pros and cons for the use of REST in mobile application scenarios.
Rambow, Mark; Preuss, Thomas; Berdux, J÷rg; Conrad, Marc
Disability and the transition to adulthood: issues for the disabled child, the family, and the pediatrician.
The pediatrician treating a child with a disability must focus not only on the physical needs of the child but also on the emotional and social issues associated with being disabled in our society. This dual focus becomes increasingly important as the child matures through adolescence and transitions into adulthood. In addition, the pediatrician must understand the complex interrelationships between the family and their maturing, disabled child during the vital process of separation from the family. This transition is particularly difficult for an adolescent who is dependent on others for physical care and other independent living skills. Many of the transitional problems faced by disabled adolescents and their parents have roots in early childhood. With an awareness of the specific stressors on the parent caregivers and an understanding of the influence of disability on the developmental processes, the pediatrician can play a major role in easing the transition of a disabled adolescent into adulthood. By guiding the parents of a young child through the important tasks of childhood and adolescence, the pediatrician can set the stage for both the parents and their disabled child to have independent, yet supportive lives--lives that are focused not on the disability but on mutual respect and life satisfaction. It is recommended that disabled teens and young adults be given more help in independence skills, personal counseling services should be made available, and physicians should give teens age-appropriate information about disabilities. There are needs for sex education, preparation for parenthood, and genetic counseling. Other issues that should be addressed are early vocational awareness, alternatives to work, and leisure time use. Just because an adolescent is disabled, we cannot assume that he or she will have self-esteem and self-concept difficulties. To adjust to being devalued by society, the disabled person must challenge societal beliefs that strength, independence, and appearance are the essential aspects of a quality life. The importance of being kind, intelligent, and productive to one's capacity must become more important. (See Table 3 for additional resource information.) PMID:7720408
Hallum, A
NSDL National Science Digital Library
On August 28, 2002, President George W. Bush issued an executive memorandum as part of the New Freedom Initiative that directed all federal agencies to cooperate in building an interagency Web portal for people with disabilities, their families, employers, and the general public. As a result of this directive, DisabilityInfo.gov was developed to service these different groups. The site is divided into ten broad thematic areas, including housing, education, health, technology, and civil rights. Within each area, visitors can look through a number of press releases and links dealing with each area and, in many cases, specifically addressing the rights of the disabled. The site includes a search engine and, appropriately enough, is also available in several different versions, including a high-contrast version. Finally, the site also contains a number of federal grant opportunities for persons and organizations serving and working on behalf of the disabled.
Disability training in the genetic counseling curricula: Bridging the gap between genetic counselors and the disability community.
Over the past two decades, disability activists, ethicists, and genetic counselors have examined the moral complexities inherent in prenatal genetic counseling and considered whether and in what ways genetic counseling may negatively affect individuals in the disability community. Many have expressed concerns about defining disability in the context of prenatal decision-making, as the definition presented may influence prenatal choices. In the past few years, publications have begun to explore the responsibility of counselors in presenting a balanced view of disability and have questioned the preparedness of counselors for this duty. Currently, the Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling (ACGC) only minimally includes disability training in their competencies for genetic counselors, and in their accreditation requirements for training programs. In an attempt to describe current practice, this article details two studies that assess disability training in ABGC-accredited genetic counseling programs. Results from these studies demonstrate that experience with disability is not required by the majority of programs prior to matriculation. Though most program directors agree on the importance of including disability training in the curriculum, there is wide variability in the amount and types of training students receive. Hours dedicated to disability exposure among programs ranged from 10 to 600 hours. Eighty-five percent of program directors surveyed agree that skills for addressing disability should be added to the core competencies. Establishing a set of disability competencies would help to ensure that all graduates have the skills necessary to provide patients with an accurate understanding of disability that facilitates informed decision-making. ® 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:24845370
Sanborn, Erica; Patterson, Annette R
A Review of Balance and Gait Capacities in Relation to Falls in Persons with Intellectual Disability
Limitations in mobility are common in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). As balance and gait capacities are key aspects of mobility, the prevalence of balance and gait problems is also expected to be high in this population. The objective of this study was to critically review the available literature on balance and gait characteristicsģ
Enkelaar, Lotte; Smulders, Ellen; van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk, Henny; Geurts, Alexander C. H.; Weerdesteyn, Vivian
Using iPads with Students with Disabilities: Lessons Learned from Students, Teachers, and Parents
The use of mobile technology has increased greatly in recent years. Although the research in this area is still in its infancy, preliminary studies are showing a positive impact on the skills and academic engagement of students with disabilities. This column provides an overview of a selection of research studies involving mobile devices such asģ
Draper RodrĒguez, Cathi; Strnadovß, Iva; Cumming, Therese
Intrusion detection model of mobile agent based on Aglets
Mutual cooperation of invasion, data source decentralized, and the growing network traffic disable the traditional intrusion detection system. Distributed intrusion detection system (DIDS) is produced to solve the abovementioned problems. Applying mobile agent (MA) to the intrusion detection is a recent development and it is aimed at effective intrusion detection in distributed environment. Intelligent and mobile characteristics of the agent
Jing Xu; Shijun Wu
Age-Related Impairments of Mobility Associated with Cobalt and Other Heavy Metals: Data from NHANES 1999¢2004
Exposure to heavy metals promotes oxidative stress and damage to cellular components, and may accelerate age-related disease and disability. Physical mobility is a validated biomarker of age-related disability and is predictive of hospitalization and mortality. Our study examined associations between selected heavy metals and impaired lower limb mobility in a representative older human population. Data for 1615 adults aged ?60
Iain A. Lang; Alan Scarlett; Jack M. Guralnik; Michael H. Depledge; David Melzer; Tamara S. Galloway
Sleep Complaints and Incident Disability inĀa Community-Based Cohort Study of Older Persons.
OBJECTIVE: Sleep complaints are associated with adverse health consequences. We hypothesized that non-disabled older persons with more sleep complaints have an increased risk of developing disability. METHODS: Subjects included 908 older clergy participating in the Religious Order Study without clinical dementia, history of stroke, or Parkinson disease. At baseline, participants rated their difficulty falling asleep, frequency of nocturnal awakenings, sleep efficacy, and napping frequency, from which a summary dyssomnia measure was derived. Self-report assessment of disability included instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), basic activities of daily living (ADLs), and Rosow-Breslau mobility disability at baseline and at annual evaluations. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 9.6 (SD: 4.2) years. At baseline, more than 60% had one or more sleep complaints. In a series of Cox proportional hazards models controlling for age, sex, and education, a one-point higher dyssomnia score at baseline was associated with about 20% increased risk of IADL disability (hazard ratio: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.39; ?(2)1Ā= 7.62; p <0.05), about 27% increased risk of ADL disability (hazard ratio: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.10-1.47; ?(2)1Ā= 12.15; p <0.01), and about 27% increased risk of mobility disability (hazard ratio: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.09-1.48; ?(2)1Ā= 11.04; p <0.01). These associations did not vary by age, sex, or education and remained significant after controlling for potential confounders including body mass index, chronic medical conditions, and several common medications. Controlling for depressive symptoms attenuated the association between sleep complaints and incident IADL and ADL disabilities but the association between sleep complaints and incident mobility disability remained significant. CONCLUSION: Non-disabled older adults with more sleep complaints have an increased risk of developing disability. PMID:23567404
Park, Margaret; Buchman, Aron S; Lim, Andrew S P; Leurgans, Sue E; Bennett, David A
Advocating in schools for children with disabilities: what's new with IDEA?
All social workers who work with children and families, regardless of their practice setting, should be aware of the important educational rights to which children with disabilities and their families are entitled. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (P.L. 101-476), one of the most sweeping laws protecting children with disabilities, was substantially amended in 1997, and its regulatory provisions became legally effective in October 1999. This article provides information about the requirements of the law and the impact of those changes on children's educational rights. The changes discussed and their practice implications include expansion of categories of children with disabilities; new requirements for mobile, homeless, or culturally diverse populations and participants in the individualized education program process; payment for private school placements for children with disabilities; discipline of children with disabilities; and provision of social work services in the schools. PMID:12899279
Altshuler, Sandra J; Kopels, Sandra
Mobile Agents for Mobile Computing
Mobile agents are programs that can move through a network under their own control, migratingfrom host to host and interacting with other agents and resources on each. We argue thatthese mobile, autonomous agents have the potential to provide a convenient, efficient and robustprogramming paradigm for distributed applications, particularly when partially connected computersare involved. Partially connected computers include mobile computers such
Daniela Rus; David Kotz; George Cybenko; Robert Gray; Saurab Nog
Mobile Portal Personalization: Tools and Techniques
\\u000a The usability of mobile portals has been a major stumbling block since the advent of the mobile Internet and WAP handsets.\\u000a Indeed poor usability is cited as a major contributing factor to the poor take-up of mobile Internet services amongst consumers.\\u000a A key problem relates to the amount of time that users spend navigating to content as they browse mobile
Barry Smyth; Kevin Mccarthy; James Reilly
Helping Adult Educators Understand Disability Disclosure.
To help adult educators understand the process of disability disclosure, descriptions of the following are provided: the Americans with Disability Act of 1990, self-disclosure, disability disclosure, and identifying an undiagnosed disability. (Author/JOW)
Rocco, Tonette S.
Local Route Optimization for Visiting Mobile Nodes in Mobile IPv6 Networks
Route Optimization in Mobile IPv6 environ- ments addresses one of the major problems of IP based mo- bility, traffic overhead resulting from packet tunneling using non-optimal routes. The impact of non optimal routes is even more severe if not only dealing with single mobile hosts but with a combination of mobile hosts and entire mobile networks, as it has been
Tim Leinm; Christian Maih; Michael Wolf
What is a Psychiatric Disability?
This article aims to clarify the notion of a psychiatric disability. The article uses conceptual analysis, examining and applying established definitions of (general) disability to psychiatric disabilities. This analysis reveals that disability as inability to perform according to expectations or norms is related to impairment as deviation from the (statistical) norm, while disability as inability to achieve (personal) goals is related to impairment as deviation from the (personal) ideal. These two views of impairment and disability are distinct from the self-organization view of impairment as disrupted self-creation or disrupted self-repair and of disability as disrupted whole person self-compensation (in relation to an impairment). All these three views of disability pertain to psychiatric disability. Although there is nothing necessarily psychiatric about psychiatric disability other than the psychiatric impairment related to it, the life course and life circumstances typical of many people with (severe) psychiatric disorders may lead to disability and may thus confer some (psychiatric) specificity on this disability. This analysis may facilitate research on specific psychiatric disabilities and a broader scope for psychiatric rehabilitation. PMID:23344673
Rudnick, Abraham
Thrice disabling disability: enabling inclusive, socially just teacher education
The goal of this inquiry was to create a social justice-oriented inclusive and enabling pedagogy by situating traditional individualised views of disability alongside three alternative understandings: a disability studies in education perspective, a First Nations view of disability and one based upon the autism pride\\/autism-as-culture movement. Using both these conventional and somewhat unconventional views of disability, a self-reflective case study
S. Anthony Thompson
The goal of this inquiry was to create a social justice?oriented inclusive and enabling pedagogy by situating traditional individualised views of disability alongside three alternative understandings: a disability studies in education perspective, a First Nations view of disability and one based upon the autism pride\\/autism?as?culture movement. Using both these conventional and somewhat unconventional views of disability, a self?reflective case study
Federal Family and Disability Policy: Special Relevance for Developmental Disabilities
This article reviews federal policy affecting families who have children or adult members with disabilities, particularly but not exclusively developmental disabilities. It reviews the federal statutes and family-and-disability related decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court and the other courts. It then reviews the research on current family supportģ
Turnbull, H. Rutherford, III; Stowe, Matthew J.; Agosta, John; Turnbull, Ann P.; Schrandt, M. Suzanne; Muller, John F.
75 FR 9821 - Disability Determinations by State Agency Disability Examiners
...Determinations by State Agency Disability Examiners AGENCY: Social Security Administration...are also experts in Social Security disability...other opinions of State agency medical and...are also experts in Social Security disability...other opinions of State agency medical...
Effects of Cognitive Strategy Interventions on Word Problem Solving and Working Memory in Children with Math Disabilities
Although current categories of learning disabilities include as specific disabilities calculation and mathematical problem solving [see IDEA reauthorization, 2004, Sec. 300.8(c)(10)], the majority of research focuses on calculation disabilities. Previous studies have shown, however, that deficits in word problem solving difficulties are persistentģ
Swanson, H. Lee; Lussier, Catherine; Orosco, Michael
Major Programs
The Division of Cancer Prevention supports major scientific collaborations and research networks at more than100 sites across the United States; investigator-initiated grants; postdoctoral training; and specialized resources for researchers.
Women with Disabilities
This new site from the National Women's Health Information Center offers a plethora of resources of interest to women with disabilities and those who work and live with them. Divided into topical areas such as abuse, parenting, and sexuality, the site has a range of information about different types of disabilities and how they may particularly affect women. Also provided is information on federal laws and regulations that protect those with disabilities as well as extensive lists of services and support resources. A section on statistics may prove especially useful to researchers and educators. This site has literally hundreds of helpful links and publications and will be useful to both the general public and professionals.
Majors Exploration
Put on your safari hat, open your mind and get ready to enter the world of majors explorations. If you ever wondered about a field of study and whether it is right for you, you are about to find out. You will also learn where majors and fields lead for careers that may interest you. All you need for the journey is the mind of the explorer and a commitment to thoroughly investigating the options which await you.
Prentice Hall (Prentice Hall)
Disability and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
... en... Favorites Delicious Digg Google Bookmarks Disability and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Some people with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are ... SSA Policy for Evaluating Disability for Patients with CFS The SSA policy for evaluating patients with CFS, ...
Learning Disabilities Association of America
... benefit LDA. Shop Now Learning Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal Committed to the study of learning disabilities through all stages of life, this journal provides the most current information on research, practice, ...
Benefits for Children with Disabilities
Benefits For Children With Disabilities 2014 Contacting Social Security Visit our website Our website, www.socialsecurity.gov , ... some telephone calls. WhatÆs Inside Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payments for children with disabilities . . . . . 5 ...
Persons with disabilities, cancer screening and related factors.
The scope of this article is to describe persons with disabilities (PwD) being subjected to cancer screening and the relationship between some social variables and inequalities in performing these tests. A cross-sectional study of cancer screening among PwD was conducted in 2007 with 333 participants interviewed in residence in 4 cities of SŃo Paulo. Variables in the practice of cancer screening, disabilities, gender, age, income of main family breadwinner, ethnicity, use of health services, assistance required, private health insurance, and coverage by the family health program were studied. Frequencies, ?▓-test, trend ?▓ percentages and the Odds Ratios (OR) were used for data analysis. 44% of PwD attended at least one cancer screening at the appropriate time. Persons with visual disabilities and with hearing disabilities were subjected to more screening examinations than those with mobility disabilities and women were attended in screening exams more than men. Persons between the ages of 21 and 60 reported cancer screening more frequently than those between 80 and 97 years of age. The outcomes indicate that PwD have different attitudes toward cancer screening according to the type of disability, gender, and age, which were the variables that directly influenced cancer screening exams. PMID:24263886
de Castro, Shamyr Sulyvan; Cieza, Alarcos; Cesar, Chester Luiz GalvŃo
Trends of utilization of government disability benefits among chronic mentally ill
Background: Mentally retarded and chronic mentally ill are being certified using IQ Assessment and Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS). They have been granted various benefits including monthly pension, from Ministry of Social Welfare, Government of India. The monthly pension appears to be the strongest reason for seeking certification and applying for government benefits. The caregivers appear to have only partial information and awareness about the remaining schemes. Objective: The study aims to assess the severity of disability in the mentally retarded and mentally ill who are certified for disability benefits, as well as to assess the trends of utilization of disability benefits over a 3 year period. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, file review based study of certificates of patients certified for mental disability in the period of January 2006 to December 2008. Certificates of a total of 1794 mentally retarded and 285 mentally ill were reviewed. The data regarding utilization of disability benefits was assessed. Results: Patients from rural areas did not avail any benefits other than the disability pension. Among Mentally Ill, Schizophrenia accounted for highest certifications. Males had higher disability compared to females, and Dementia showed highest disability as per IDEAS. Conclusion: Though initial hurdles due to disability measurement have been crossed, disability benefits are still elusive to the vast majority of the disabled. Proper awareness and education will help in reducing the stigma and in the effective utilization of benefits.
Kashyap, Kartik; Thunga, Ravish; Rao, Arun K.; Balamurali, N. P.
Screening for Developmental Disabilities
Developmental disabilities are responsible for a combination of severe physical, mental, psychological and social deficits. They develop before age 22 years and involve a little more than 1% of the population. Screening for developmental disabilities is the first step in their prevention. Various screening instruments are available for use throughout the developmental years that are designed to detect the wide variety of developmental problems that interfere with a developing person's optimal adaptation to his or her environment. The screening instruments must be inexpensive, reproducible, widely available and cost effective to the child, family and society.
Foster, Carol; Duran-Flores, Deborah; Dumars, Kenneth W.; Stills, Stanley
Practical Issues in Mobile Education
Practitioners interested in integrating mobile technology effectively into distance learning programs need to consider both the benefits and limitations of such devices. This paper outlines some major limitations of mobile devices and suggests strategies to mitigate them such as chunking information, using appropriate organizational techniques, reducing the number of required actions, and improving ease of use. Properly planned integration of
Marguerite L. Koole
Commentary: Gender, Disability, and Abuse.
This commentary discusses the research article "Gender Differences in Abused Children with and without Disabilities" (Sobsey and others) that follows, which found that children with disabilities are at greater risk for being maltreated, that boys are more frequently abused, and that boys with disabilities are sexually abused more frequently thanģ
Goldson, Edward J.
Diagnosis in Severe Reading Disability.
The relationship between neurological impairment or brain damage and severe reading disability is investigated. Symptoms and causes of neurological impairment are listed, and reading disability theories are discussed. Smith and Carrigan offer a neurochemical explanation of reading disability based on synaptic transmission problems. Orton,ģ
Schubert, Delwyn G.
Decoding, Reading, and Reading Disability.
To clarify the role of decoding in reading and reading disability, a model of reading is proposed, which holds that reading equals the product of decoding and comprehension. Three types of reading disability are posited, resulting from an inability to decode (dyslexia), an inability to comprehend (hyperlexia), or both (reading disability).ģ
Gough, Philip B.; Tunmer, William E.
The Gifted Learning Disabled Student.
This collection of articles on gifted learning disabled students begins with an explanation of the philosophy of the Center for Talented Youth at Johns Hopkins University (Maryland), a list of characteristics of gifted disabled students, and three definitions of learning disabilities. The following papers are then provided: "Gifted but Learningģ
Foster Care Children with Disabilities
Each year the number of children who enter the foster care system grows because the number of children who are vulnerable to abuse, neglect and\\/or poverty grows. Children with disabilities are a particularly vulnerable subset of this already vulnerable population. What are the implications of conceptual and methodological issues in theories of disability for estimates of children with disabilities in
Jacqueline Marie Smith
Employment and People with Disabilities.
This newsletter issue offers six articles on employment of people with disabilities. "Employment and People with Disabilities: Challenges for the Nineties" (Frank Bowe) discusses the Americans with Disabilities Act, issues in unemployment and under-education, earnings, and implications for the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitativeģ
Nathanson, Jeanne H., Ed.
Boron mobility in plants
In the majority of plant species, B distribution between plant organs and the symptoms of B deficiency and toxicity indicate that B has restricted mobility. Nevertheless, B is present in phloem and is retranslocated in phloem, often in sufficient amounts to satisfy the demands of developing sink regions that do not readily transpire. In species that produce significant amounts of
Barry J. Shelp; Eduardo Marentes; Alice M. Kitheka; Pathmanathan Vivekanandan
Patrick H. Brown; Barry J. Shelp
The Able Disabled
The author dispels employer myths pertaining to employment of the physically handicapped and urges rehabilitation and retraining of present employees and additional employment of qualified handicapped individuals. Surveys in 1958 and 1973 of physically handicapped employees, including disabled veterans, found them to be very loyal, dependable, andģ
Sears, James H.
Judaism, Spirituality, and Disability
Judaism teaches that the wisdom to resolve current issues can be found in ancient texts. While there are many references in the written and oral law pertaining to disability, these are not well known and, being taken out of context, are at risk of misinterpretation. This article draws on Halacha, the ancient Jewish law which literally means ōthe way on
Melinda Jones
Handbook of Developmental Disabilities
This authoritative handbook reviews the breadth of current knowledge about developmental disabilities: neuroscientific and genetic foundations; the impact on health, learning, and behavior; and effective educational and clinical practices. Leading authorities analyze what works in intervening with diverse children and families, from infancyģ
Odom, Samuel L., Ed.; Horner, Robert H., Ed.; Snell, Martha E., Ed.; Blacher, Jan, Ed.
Medication and Reading Disability.
The clinical syndrome which relates most frequently to the reading-disabled child is the attention deficity disorder. The child psychiatrist will generally resort to medication only when behavioral management techniques have failed. The two most frequently used medications are Ritalin and Dexedrine, central nervous system stimulants. (JN)
Humphries, Laurie L.
Disability and Health
... ageing in their 40s and 50s. Engaging in health risk behaviours Some studies have indicated that people with disabilities have higher rates of risky behaviours such as smoking, poor diet and ... depending on the health condition. However an investigation in the United Kingdom ...
Intellectual Disability and Homelessness
Background: The association between poverty and intellectual disability (ID) has been well documented. However, little is known about persons with ID who face circumstances of extreme poverty, such as homelessness. This paper describes the situation of persons with ID who were or are homeless in Montreal and are currently receiving services from aģ
Mercier, C.; Picard, S.
Autonomy, justice, and disability.
In this Article, Professor Carlos A. Ball explores the philosophical foundations for the types of rights and benefits that our society currently provides to individuals with disabilities. The concept of autonomy places on society a moral obligation to assist individuals with disabilities when their basic human functional capabilities are impaired. The exercise of this obligation entails assisting individuals with crossing a minimum threshold of functional capabilities below which it is not possible to lead autonomous lives. In making this argument, Professor Ball responds to libertarian critics who contend that notions of freedom or liberty proscribe an activist role for government in this arena. He explains how even a libertarian state redistributes wealth in order to provide for some incapacities. Professor Ball also disputes the idea that the meeting of the needs of the disabled is enough to provide moral justification for the rights and benefits provided to individuals with disabilities. The problem with the concept of needs, Professor Ball argues, is that it fails to account sufficiently for the human good of personal autonomy. PMID:16273682
Ball, C A
Disability: The College's Challenge.
Fifteen author-contributed papers are presented to help campus personnel understand the difficulties encountered by disabled college students. Initial sections address issues and strategies involved, while a third section presents six case studies describing successful programs. A final chapter lists annotated resource guides on aspects of higherģ
Americans with Disabilities Act.
Addressed to school board members, this article attempts to summarize requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and its implications for school districts. It warns against hasty purchase of private compliance assistance; then provides an overview of each of the Act's five Titles which address employment practices, activitiesģ
Updating School Board Policies, 1992
Analysis of Handoff Mechanisms in Mobile IP
One of the most important challenges in mobile Internet Protocol (IP) is to provide service for a mobile node to maintain its connectivity to network when it moves from one domain to another. IP is responsible for routing packets across network. The first major version of IP is the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). It is one of the dominant protocols relevant to wireless network. Later a newer version of IP called the IPv6 was proposed. Mobile IPv6 is mainly introduced for the purpose of mobility. Mobility management enables network to locate roaming nodes in order to deliver packets and maintain connections with them when moving into new domains. Handoff occurs when a mobile node moves from one network to another. It is a key factor of mobility because a mobile node can trigger several handoffs during a session. This paper briefly explains on mobile IP and its handoff issues, along with the drawbacks of mobile IP.
Jayaraj, Maria Nadine Simonel; Issac, Biju; Haldar, Manas Kumar
Major Andre
If most Revolutionary era people seem two-dimensional their lives simpler to understand than ours, it may be only that history, with the benefit of hindsight, clarifies. Examines a profile of Major John Andre, the British liaison officer in Benedict Arnold's plan to surrender West Point, as both hero and villain to show the complexity of earlyģ
Henisch, B. A.; Henisch, H. K.
Major peripheral nerve injuries.
Major peripheral nerve injuries in the upper extremities can result in significant morbidity. Understanding the pathophysiology of these injuries aids in the assessment and planning of appropriate treatment. With limited nerve mobilization, tension-free repairs can often be performed using sutures, fibrin glue, or nerve connectors. Acellular allograft and autograft reconstruction are better for bridging any gaps greater than a few millimeters. Adherence to proper principles of nerve repair improves the chances of achieving a favorable result, although in general these injuries portend a guarded prognosis. PMID:23895717
Isaacs, Jonathan
Mobile Homes.
Reporting on an exploratory study of HUD's participation in the mobile housing field in Region IX, this study was undertaken to determine if HUD has any processing or management problems with the 207 - m (mobile home park) program. It also was designed to...
Mobile Forces
The application of engineering principles is explored in the creation of mobiles. As students create their own mobiles, they take into consideration the forces of gravity and convection air currents. They learn how an understanding of balancing forces is important in both art and engineering design.
Integrated Teaching And Learning Program
Mobile computing \\
Design competitions offer students an excellent way to gain hands-on experience in engineering and computer science courses. The University of Florida, in partnership with Motorola, has held two mobile computing design competitions. In Spring and Fall 2001, students in Abdelsalam Helal's Mobile Computing class designed killer apps for a Motorola smart phone.
S. F. Midkiff
Successful aging as a continuum of functional independence: lessons from physical disability models of aging.
Successful aging is a multidimensional construct that could be viewed as a continuum of achievement. Based on the disability model proposed by the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, successful aging includes not only the presence or absence of disease, but also aspects of mobility and social participation. Here we review definitions of successful aging and discuss relevance of the disability model in the evaluation of successful aging and frailty. In particular, we summarize evidences that highlight the importance of measures of mobility (ability to walk and perform activities of daily living), and social participation in identifying and locating older adults across the range of the successful aging continuum. Lastly, we discuss the role of inflammation in age-related decline and in frailty. Future research directions are proposed, including identifying causal pathways among inflammatory markers, disability, and frailty. A better understanding of immunological functioning in late life may help unlock novel ways to promote successful aging. PMID:22500268
Lowry, Kristin A; Vallejo, Abbe N; Studenski, Stephanie A
Research on Route Optimization in Mobile Networks
Mobile network (NEMO) is an extension of MIPv6. And route optimization for nested mobile networks is one of the major challenges in NEMO research. Some current solutions have too much additional cost and can't deal with fast handoff scenario well. Aiming at these problems, we give a new route optimization algorithm for nested mobile network in this paper. The basic
Wei Su; Hongke Zhang; Yan Ren
Shifting Patterns of Student Mobility in Asia
During the past decade, Asia--traditionally one of the largest exporters of mobile students--has experienced major changes in student mobility within higher education. As the worldwide competition for international students has escalated, many Asian countries have adopted a wide range of mechanisms and strategies in facilitating student mobility.ģ
Chan, Sheng-Ju
Using a Body-Fixed Sensor to Identify Subclinical Gait Difficulties in Older Adults with IADL Disability: Maximizing the Output of the Timed Up and Go
Objective The identification and documentation of subclinical gait impairments in older adults may facilitate the appropriate use of interventions for preventing or delaying mobility disability. We tested whether measures derived from a single body-fixed sensor worn during traditional Timed Up and Go (TUG) testing could identify subclinical gait impairments in community dwelling older adults without mobility disability. Methods We used data from 432 older adults without dementia (mean age 83.30▒7.04 yrs, 76.62% female) participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. The traditional TUG was conducted while subjects wore a body-fixed sensor. We derived measures of overall TUG performance and different subtasks including transitions (sit-to-stand, stand-to-sit), walking, and turning. Multivariate analysis was used to compare persons with and without mobility disability and to compare individuals with and without Instrumental Activities of Daily Living disability (IADL-disability), all of whom did not have mobility disability. Results As expected, individuals with mobility disability performed worse on all TUG subtasks (p<0.03), compared to those who had no mobility disability. Individuals without mobility disability but with IADL disability had difficulties with turns, had lower yaw amplitude (p<0.004) during turns, were slower (p<0.001), and had less consistent gait (p<0.02). Conclusions A single body-worn sensor can be employed in the community-setting to complement conventional gait testing. It provides a wide range of quantitative gait measures that appear to help to identify subclinical gait impairments in older adults.
Weiss, Aner; Mirelman, Anat; Buchman, Aron S.; Bennett, David A.; Hausdorff, Jeffrey M.
Neck pain and disability due to neck pain: what is the relation?
Pain and disability are interrelated, but the relationship between pain and disability is not straightforward. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between neck pain (NP) intensity, NP duration, and disability based on the population-based æFunen Neck and Chest PainÆ study. Pain intensity was measured using 11-box numerical rating scales, pain duration was measured using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, and disability was measured by the Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale. Spearman rank correlation coefficients and logistic regression analyses were used to measure correlations and strength of associations between pain intensity, pain duration, and disability given domain specific characteristics (socioeconomic, health and physical, comorbidity, and variables related to consequences of NP). Neck pain was very common, but mainly mild and did not result in major disability. The correlations between NP intensity and disability were moderate but strongly associated, whereas weaker correlations and almost no associations were found between NP duration and disability. Pain duration is a poor indicator of disability. Given these variations, pain intensity and disability should be considered as two distinct dimensions and measured separately. These results have implications for future clinical and epidemiological studies.
Hartvigsen, Jan
Structured Physical Activity Program Can Help Maintain Mobility in Vulnerable Older People
... For Immediate Release: Tuesday, May 27, 2014 Structured physical activity program can help maintain mobility in vulnerable older ... as disability prevention strategy A carefully structured, moderate physical activity program can reduce risk of losing the ability ...
Reliability of the Dutch Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)
Objective: To evaluate the reliability of the Dutch version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), an instrument for measuring functional status (capability and performance in self-care, mobility and social function) of young children using parent interviews.Design: Inter-interviewer reliability was studied after scoring audiotaped interviews by a second researcher. For test¢retest reliability the same parent was interviewed twice within
Jeltje E Wassenberg-Severijnen; Jan WH Custers; Joop J Hox; Adri Vermeer; Paul JM Helders
Mobile-ip Aeronautical Network Simulation Study
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
NASA is interested in applying mobile Internet protocol (mobile-ip) technologies to its space and aeronautics programs. In particular, mobile-ip will play a major role in the Advanced Aeronautic Transportation Technology (AATT), the Weather Information Communication (WINCOMM), and the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) aeronautics programs. This report presents the results of a simulation study of mobile-ip for an aeronautical network. The study was performed to determine the performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP) in a mobile-ip environment and to gain an understanding of how long delays, handoffs, and noisy channels affect mobile-ip performance.
Ivancic, William D.; Tran, Diepchi T.
Direct Measurement of Disability
Schizophrenia is associated with substantial disability in everyday functioning. Environmental factors, such as disability compensation and opportunities, impact on the ability of people with the illness to perform real-world activities, particularly those that are vocational in nature. Measures of abilities to perform these functions have been developed that measure competence in social, everyday living, and vocational domains. These indices have measurement characteristics consistent with those of neuropsychological tests, indicating that they have the potential to be valid measures of the ability to perform in real-world functional situations. It is our belief that these measures will be widely employed in later research on functioning in schizophrenia, and many of these tests have the potential to be used in clinical settings.
78 FR 29234 - Final Priority; National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research-Disability and...
...RRTC) on Disability Statistics and Demographics under the Disability and Rehabilitation...RRTC) on Disability Statistics and Demographics The Assistant Secretary for Special...an RRTC on Disability Statistics and Demographics. This RRTC must conduct...
Nonverbal learning disability.
Nonverbal learning disability (NLD) is described as a subtype of specific learning disability where the source of the disability is a difficulty in processing nonverbal information. The child with NLD presents with problems in visual, spatial, and tactile perception but with strengths in rote verbal skills. Traditionally, these children were recognized by their difficulties in arithmetic which presented a stark contrast with their strengths in spelling and decoding text. They also exhibited a split between their verbal IQ (VIQ) and performance IQ (PIQ) scores with the VIQ being significantly higher than PIQ. Over time, however, diagnostic criteria have evolved and the broadened definition of the NLD syndrome has led many to question the utility and uniqueness of the NLD diagnosis. In addition, shifting diagnostic standards have made research results difficult to replicate. In short, the research to date leaves many unanswered questions about (1) the definition of the NLD syndrome, (2) the pervasiveness of the academic, social and psychopathological difficulties, (3) the source of the NLD syndrome, and (4) the degree to which it overlaps with other conditions. This chapter outlines a brief history of the NLD syndrome, how it is currently conceptualized, and some of the current debate about the unanswered questions above. PMID:23622171
Volden, Joanne
Processing of speech signals for physical and sensory disabilities.
Assistive technology involving voice communication is used primarily by people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or who have speech and/or language disabilities. It is also used to a lesser extent by people with visual or motor disabilities. A very wide range of devices has been developed for people with hearing loss. These devices can be categorized not only by the modality of stimulation [i.e., auditory, visual, tactile, or direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve (auditory-neural)] but also in terms of the degree of speech processing that is used. At least four such categories can be distinguished: assistive devices (a) that are not designed specifically for speech, (b) that take the average characteristics of speech into account, (c) that process articulatory or phonetic characteristics of speech, and (d) that embody some degree of automatic speech recognition. Assistive devices for people with speech and/or language disabilities typically involve some form of speech synthesis or symbol generation for severe forms of language disability. Speech synthesis is also used in text-to-speech systems for sightless persons. Other applications of assistive technology involving voice communication include voice control of wheelchairs and other devices for people with mobility disabilities. Images Fig. 4
Levitt, H
Assistive technology involving voice communication is used primarily by people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or who have speech and/or language disabilities. It is also used to a lesser extent by people with visual or motor disabilities. A very wide range of devices has been developed for people with hearing loss. These devices can be categorized not only by the modality of stimulation [i.e., auditory, visual, tactile, or direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve (auditory-neural)] but also in terms of the degree of speech processing that is used. At least four such categories can be distinguished: assistive devices (a) that are not designed specifically for speech, (b) that take the average characteristics of speech into account, (c) that process articulatory or phonetic characteristics of speech, and (d) that embody some degree of automatic speech recognition. Assistive devices for people with speech and/or language disabilities typically involve some form of speech synthesis or symbol generation for severe forms of language disability. Speech synthesis is also used in text-to-speech systems for sightless persons. Other applications of assistive technology involving voice communication include voice control of wheelchairs and other devices for people with mobility disabilities. PMID:7479816
Understanding Learning Disabilities and Substance Abuse.
This guide is designed to assist people with learning disabilities to recognize their disabilities and the connection between learning disabilities and substance abuse. It begins by defining learning disabilities and providing a self-test checklist for common signs and symptoms of learning disabilities. Difficulties with organization, memory,ģ
Star, Nonnie; Shadoff, Sander
Modeling Mobility
In wireless networks, communication can take place based on an infrastructure (e.g. WLAN access point or GPRS base station) or it can take place in adhoc mode, where mobile devices are connected directly to each other and care for the routing by themselves (mobile ad-hoc networks). When such wireless networks are investigated and simulations are performed, it is often necessary to consider the movement of entities within the simulated environment.
Berl, Andras
Delinquency Among Adolescents with Disabilities
This study expands upon previous research by utilizing nationally representative data and multivariate analyses to examine the relationship between an adolescentÆs disability status and their likelihood of engaging in a spectrum of delinquent behaviors through age 16. Logistic regression models of 7,232 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 are used to investigate the association between the presence of a learning disability or emotional condition, chronic health condition, sensory condition, physical disability, or multiple conditions and ten delinquent acts, including violence-related delinquency, property crimes, drug offenses, and arrest. Additional analyses explore differences in delinquency prevalence by more specific types of limiting conditions. Results indicate that adolescents with learning disabilities or emotional conditions are particularly at risk of committing delinquent acts. Findings suggest that disability status is important to consider when examining adolescent delinquency; however, not all youth with disabilities have equal experiences.
Hogan, Dennis P.
The Genetics of Major Depression
Major depression is the commonest psychiatric disorder and in the U.S. has the greatest impact of all biomedical diseases on disability. Here we review evidence of the genetic contribution to disease susceptibility and the current state of molecular approaches. Genome-wide association and linkage results provide constraints on the allele frequencies and effect sizes of susceptibility loci, which we use to interpret the voluminous candidate gene literature. We consider evidence for the genetic heterogeneity of the disorder and the likelihood that subtypes exist that represent more genetically homogenous conditions than have hitherto been analyzed.
Flint, Jonathan; Kendler, Kenneth S.
Syrtis Major
(Released 6 June 2002) The Science This image, located near the equator and 288W (72E), is near the southern edge of a low, broad volcanic feature called Syrtis Major. A close look at this image reveals a wrinkly texture that indicates a very rough surface that is associated with the lava flows that cover this region. On a larger scale, there are numerous bright streaks that trail topographic features such as craters. These bright streaks are in the wind shadows of the craters where dust that settles onto the surface is not as easily scoured away. It is important to note that these streaks are only bright in a relative sense to the surrounding image. Syrtis Major is one of the darkest regions on Mars and it is as dark as fresh basalt flows or dunes are on Earth. The Story Cool! It almost looks as if nature has 'painted' comets on the surface of Mars, using craters as comet cores and dust as streaky tails. Of course, that's just an illusion. As in many areas of Mars, the wind is behind the creation of such fantastic landforms. The natural phenomenon seen here gives this particular surface of Mars a very dynamic, fast-moving, almost luminous 'cosmic personality.' The bright, powdery-looking streaks of dust are in the 'wind shadows' of craters, where dust that settles onto the surface is not as easily scoured away. That's because the wind moves across the land in a particular direction, and a raised surface like the rim of a crater 'protects' dust from being completely blown away on the other side. The raised landforms basically act as a buffer. From the streaks seen above, you can tell the wind was blowing in a northeast to southwest direction. Why are the streaks so bright? Because they contrast with the really dark underlying terrain in this volcanic area of Mars. Syrtis Major is one of the darkest regions on Mars because it is made of basalt. Basalt is typically dark gray or black, and forms when a certain type of molten lava cools. The meaning of the word basalt has been traced back to an ancient Ethiopian word 'basal,' which means 'a rock from which you can obtain iron.' That must have made it a very desired material with ancient Earth civilizations long ago. Basalt is actually one of the most abundant types of rock found on Earth. Most of the volcanic islands in the ocean are made of basalt, including the large shield volcano of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, which is often compared to Martian shield volcanoes. Shield volcanoes don't have high, steep, mountain-like sides, but are instead low and broad humps upon the surface. They're created when highly fluid, molten-basalt flows spread out over wide areas. Over several millennia of basaltic layering upon layering, these volcanoes can reach massive sizes like the ones seen on Mars. You can see the wrinkly texture of dark lava flows (now hard and cool) in the above image beneath the brighter dust.
A computer model based on superquadrics for the analysis of movement disabilities
The use of motion analysis equipment to study movement disabilities is a major step toward improving treatments of disabled persons. We propose such an approach allowing the analysis of human motion in 3D space without using the tracking of markers. The system we develop is composed of three cameras which acquire synchronized sequences of a human in motion. Then the
F. Marzani; Y. Maliet; L. Legrand; L. Dusserre
Exploring the Effects of Online Instruction on Reading Comprehension Achievement of Students with Learning Disabilities
Two major pieces of legislation, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2004) and No Child Left Behind (NCLB) (2001) mandate that students with disabilities be placed in the Least Restrictive Environment and have access to the general education curriculum. To provide access to the general education curriculum, inclusion in generalģ
Fitzgerald, Nancy Shuman
Disability Research in Counseling Psychology Journals: A 20-Year Content Analysis
We conducted an exploratory content analysis of disability research in 5 major counseling psychology journals between 1990 and 2010. The goal was to review the counseling psychology literature to better understand the prevalence of disability research, identify research methods most often conducted, and elucidate the types of concerns mostģ
Foley-Nicpon, Megan; Lee, Sharon
Working together as Neighbors: Rehabilitation Researchers and Indigenous People with Disabilities in Mexico.
Participatory research with American Indians with disabilities was extended to Mexico. Interviews with 232 indigenous persons with disabilities revealed a low level of education, high unemployment, and a majority of children not in school. Access to education, rural outreach, and increased employment opportunities were recommended. (SK)
Marshall, Catherine A.; Gotto, George S., IV; Perez Cruz, German; Flores Rey, Pedro; Garcia Juarez, Gabriela
The National Agenda for Achieving Better Results for Children and Youth with Disabilities.
This report presents the National Agenda for Achieving Better Results for Children and Youth with Disabilities as developed by a forum of representatives from major disability advocacy groups, direct service providers, families, related services personnel, researchers, teacher trainers, teachers, and administrators. Section 1 articulates the needģ
Rockne, Jill; Weiss-Castro, Robin
Injuries, Falls and Accidents among Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. Prospective Cohort Study
Background: Injuries are among the leading causes of death and disability in the world and a major public health concern. Falls are a common cause. Young persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) have a higher rate and different pattern of injuries than the general population, but little is known regarding adults. Methods: The aim of this studyģ
Finlayson, J.; Morrison, J.; Jackson, A.; Mantry, D.; Cooper, S.-A.
Prevalence of Sexual Abuse of People with Intellectual Disabilities in Taiwan
Although sexual abuse of people with intellectual disabilities has emerged as a major issue in the West over recent years, few researchers have examined this issue in Taiwan. The prevalence and current state of sexual abuse for people with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan were investigated here. Results of face-to-face interviews with 336ģ
Pan, Shu-Man
Disabled Veterans of the Vietnam Era: Employment Problems and Programs. Technical Report No. 75-1.
The report describes the results of a study of the employment of Vietnam-era veterans with service-connected disabilities, their major problems in seeking and holding a job, and possible solutions. Data were obtained from; mail surveys of both disabled veterans and employers regarding employment; personal interviews with veterans and employers;ģ
Wilson, Thurlow R.; And Others
Disability Research in Counseling Psychology Journals: A 20Year Content Analysis
We conducted an exploratory content analysis of disability research in 5 major counseling psychology journals between 1990 and 2010. The goal was to review the counseling psychology literature to better understand the prevalence of disability research, identify research methods most often conducted, and elucidate the types of concerns most studied. We searched 5 journals (Journal of Counseling & Development, Journal
Megan Foley-Nicpon; Sharon Lee
Improving Educational Outcomes for Studes with Disabilities.
The educational landscape for students with disabilities is undergoing vast changes. Thanks to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and its push for increased access to education for students with disabilities, and the No Child Left Behi...
CDC Vital Signs: Adults with Disabilities
... gov . Vital Signs Share Compartir Adults with Disabilities Physical activity is for everybody May 2014 3x Adults with ... Problem More adults with disabilities need to get physical activity. Adults with disabilities who get no physical activity ...
Communicating with and about People with Disabilities
ODEP - Office of Disability Employment Policy Disability Employment Policy Resources by Topic Choose a Disability Employment Policy Resource by ... at the wheelchair user's eye level. Do not lean on a wheelchair or any other assistive device. ...
Comprehension of humor in children with nonverbal learning disabilities, reading disabilities, and without learning disabilities
The normal development of humor in children has been well documented with a predictable course that is tied to social, cognitive,\\u000a and linguistic development in children. This study explored humor comprehension in children with nonverbal learning disabilities\\u000a (NVLD). Children with NVLD were compared with children with reading disabilities and a comparison group of children with no\\u000a learning disabilities to assess
Margaret Semrud-Clikeman; Kimberly Glass
Disabilities Information Flow: A Disabilities Information Management System
The Disabilities Information Flow (DIF) project at the University of St Andrews has sought to provide a means of efficiently managing all student disabilities information within the institution and provide appropriate role-based service interfaces for all staff who need to routinely interact with this information. This paper describes the softwareģ
Ling, Bin; Allison, Colin; Nicholl, J. Ross; Moodley, Luke; Roberts, Dave
The Americans with disabilities act, mental disability, and employment practices
This research examines the response of employers to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), with a specific focus on the employment of those with mental disabilities. A telephone survey was completed in a metropolitan area in the southern United States with a random sample of 117 businesses. In terms of specific practices that indicated compliance with the ADA, 15% had
Teresa L. Scheid
75 FR 62676 - Disability Determinations by State Agency Disability Examiners
...Determinations by State Agency Disability Examiners AGENCY: Social Security Administration...II and XVI of the Social Security Act (Act...the approval of a State agency medical or...are also experts in Social Security disability...other opinions of State agency medical...
æManagingÆ disability: early experiences of university students with disabilities
Recent UK legislation, operational from December 2006, places a duty on all public authorities, including higher education institutions, to actively promote equality of opportunity for people with disabilities. The university studied here has a number of initiatives in place to develop good practice in this area, but how do students themselves experience that provision? Research about people with disabilities has
Jackie Goode
Disabling Spectacles: Representations of Trig Palin and Cognitive Disability
The article examines the confounding contribution that Sarah Palin has made to the public discourse on disability in the United States. While she and her son Trig, who has Down syndrome, brought a great deal of attention to issues surrounding cognitive disability from the instant Palin emerged as the Republican Party's 2008 vice-presidential candidate, it is unclear what utility this
Reed Cooley
: The article examines the confounding contribution that Sarah Palin has made to the public discourse on disability in the United States. While she and her son Trig, who has Down syndrome, brought a great deal of attention to issues surrounding cognitive disability from the instant Palin emerged as the Republican Party's 2008 vice-presidential candidate, it is unclear what utility
The World Report on Disability and People with Intellectual Disabilities
The "World Report on Disability" was requested by the World Health Assembly, the governing body of the World Health Organization (WHO). Because disability is broader than health, WHO partnered with the World Bank. The "World Report" was published in 2011 and provides a comprehensive scientific analysis on the global situationģ
Officer, Alana; Shakespeare, Tom
HIV/AIDS, Disability, and Employment. Disability Statistics Report 6.
This report on HIV/AIDS, disability, and employment analyzes data from the AIDS Cost and Services Utilization Survey of 1991-1992, a longitudinal study of 1,949 HIV-infected men and women. The report examines the diagnostic history of people living with HIV and its relation to function, disability, and labor force participation over time. Studyģ
Sebesta, Douglas S.; LaPlante, Mitchell P.
Objectives Across the lifespan, women live longer than men but experience higher rates of disability. To more completely evaluate these gender differences, the current study set out to compare the trajectories and burden of disability over an extended period of time between older men and women. Design Prospective, longitudinal study with 13.5 years of follow-up. Setting Greater New Haven, Connecticut. Participants 754 persons, aged 70 years or older, who were initially community-living and nondisabled in their basic activities of daily living. Measurements Disability in 13 basic, instrumental and mobility activities was assessed during monthly interviews, while demographic and clinical covariates were measured during comprehensive assessments every 18 months. Results Five distinct trajectories were identified over successive 18-month intervals: independent, mild disability, mild to moderate disability, moderate disability, and severe disability. Women were more likely than men to experience the moderate and severe disability trajectories, but were less likely to transition from the independent trajectory to a worse disability trajectory during the subsequent 18-month interval. Women were also less likely to die after each of the five trajectories, and these differences were at least marginally significant for all but the independent trajectory. Over the entire duration of follow-up, women suffered from a greater burden of disability than men, but these differences were greatly attenuated after adjustment for the baseline levels of disability. Conclusions Gender differences in disability over an extended period of time can be explained, at least in part, by the higher mortality experienced by older men and the higher initial levels of disability among older women. These results suggest the need to take a life-course approach to better understand gender differences in disability.
Gill, Thomas M.; Gahbauer, Evelyne A.; Lin, Haiqun; Han, Ling; Allore, Heather G.
A natural-language interface to a mobile robot
The present work on robot instructability is based on an ongoing effort to apply modern manipulation technology to serve the needs of the handicapped. The Stanford/VA Robotic Aid is a mobile manipulation system that is being developed to assist severely disabled persons (quadriplegics) in performing simple activities of everyday living in a homelike, unstructured environment. It consists of two major components: a nine degree-of-freedom manipulator and a stationary control console. In the work presented here, only the motions of the Robotic Aid's omnidirectional motion base have been considered, i.e., the six degrees of freedom of the arm and gripper have been ignored. The goal has been to develop some basic software tools for commanding the robot's motions in an enclosed room containing a few objects such as tables, chairs, and rugs. In the present work, the environmental model takes the form of a two-dimensional map with objects represented by polygons. Admittedly, such a highly simplified scheme bears little resemblance to the elaborate cognitive models of reality that are used in normal human discourse. In particular, the polygonal model is given a priori and does not contain any perceptual elements: there is no polygon sensor on board the mobile robot.
Michalowski, S.; Crangle, C.; Liang, L.
Ubiquitous apps: politics of openness in global mobile cultures
Smartphones are a central element of mobile ubiquity, with mobile applications (æappsÆ) becoming especially important. This article discusses the concept of iPhone apps, and other apps, as cultural platforms. Apps are highly significant for emerging cultures of mobile ubiquity, yet these platforms are constituted and controlled by major transnational global mobile media corporations. The article looks at the characteristics, constraints
Gerard Goggin
Disability: Equality/Inequality
This activity is used in a Sociology class for undergraduate students. This activity looks at disabilities and inequalities in the United States. This activity uses five customized data sets made from the 1990 U.S. Census. It guides students through data manipulation using WebCHIP software found at DataCounts!. To open WebCHIP with the dataset for the activity, please see instructions and links in the exercise documents under teaching materials. For more information on how to use WebCHIP, see the How To section on DataCounts!
Hall, Robert T.
Work Disability Associated with Cancer Survivorship and Other Chronic Conditions
Summary The long-term effects of cancer and its treatment on employment and productivity are a major concern for the 40% of cancer survivors in the U.S. who are working age. This studyÆs objectives were (1) to quantify the increase in work disability attributable to cancer in a cohort of adult survivors who were an average of 46 months post-diagnosis and (2) to compare disability rates in cancer survivors to individuals with other chronic conditions. Data from the Penn State Cancer Survivor Study (PSCSS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were compared. The PSCSS sample included 647 survivors age 55¢65, diagnosed at four medical centers in Pennsylvania and Maryland. There were 5988 similarly aged subjects without cancer in the HRS. Adjusted odds ratios for work disability were estimated for cancer survivorship, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, lung disease, and arthritis/rheumatism with multivariate logistic regression. Even for cancer-free survivors, the disability rate was significantly higher in comparison to adults with no chronic conditions (female OR=1.94; male OR=1.89). There were few significant differences between disability rates for cancer and other conditions. The elevated disability rate is another argument for viewing cancer survivorship as a chronic condition potentially requiring a broad range of psychosocial services.
Short, Pamela Farley; Vasey, Joseph J.; BeLue, Rhonda
Empowering Students with Disabilities through Organization and Involvement in Student Government: A Step-by-Step Approach To Creating a Student Organization.
College students with disabilities, as a group, are becoming more involved with each other and are beginning to form student organizations. Major purposes of such organizations include: establishing a means for students with disabilities to make their voices heard on issues relating to disability, creating a social support system for students withģ
Campbell, Katherine; Morris, Jeff
Balancing safety and autonomy: structural and social barriers affecting the exercise participation of women with disabilities in community recreation and fitness facilities
Women with disabilities consider exercise an important health promotion activity. A lack of accessible facilities within the community has been identified as a major limiting factor to exercise participation among women with disabilities. To increase exercise participation among women with disabilities, we need to understand the structural and social barriers that they face within community recreation and fitness facilities. Interviews
D. E. Rolfe; K. Yoshida; R. Renwick; C. Bailey
AKA and Authorization Scheme For 4G Mobile Networks Based on Trusted Mobile Platform
Abstract Future 4G mobile communication networks are expected to provide all IP-based services for heterogeneous wireless access technologies. Security service for mobile user as a major challenge in developing such 4G networks becomes more complicated to handle. Since the mobile equipment (ME) becomes ever more powerful but still remain open to possible attacks, the neglect of the security of ME
Yu Zheng; Dake He; Xiaohu Tang; Hongxia Wang
20 CFR 416.1150 - How we treat income received because of a major disaster.
...treat income received because of a major disaster. 416.1150 Section 416.1150...AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income Disasters ┬¦ 416.1150 How we treat income received because of a major disaster. (a) General. The...
Social Mobility and Equality.
Social mobility is generally studied in three different ways: stratum mobility, intergenerational social mobility, and intragenerational or career mobility. This paper deals with the first two types of mobility and more with intergenerational mobility than with stratum mobility. The working hypothesis of both discussions is that, in general, aģ
Miller, S. M.
The Source for Learning Disabilities.
This book is designed to help clinicians and teachers work more effectively with people with learning disabilities and their families. Chapter 1 provides an overview of learning disabilities. It presents commonly accepted medical and educational definitions, prevalence figures, and possible etiological explanations for various disorders. Chapter 2ģ
Currie, Paula S.; Wadlington, Elizabeth M.
Effective interventions for reading disability.
A simple, readily accessible, and inexpensive intervention which produces immediate improvements in the reading comprehension abilities of reading-disabled children has been found. The intervention consists of colored overlays, or overlays which reduce the contrast of printed materials. This intervention produces reading comprehension gains in approximately 80 percent of the reading-disabled children tested. PMID:1378860
Williams, M C; Lecluyse, K; Rock-Faucheux, A
Neurological Aspects of Reading Disability.
The author, a neurologist, looks at the nature of reading disabilities. He suggests that many reading disabilities are the result of normal constitutional differences and that the term "minimal brain dysfunction" is rarely appropriate and does not help the remediation process. Noted are various theories which relate neurology and reading ability.ģ
Nelson, Louis R.
Valuable Employees: People with Disabilities.
Describes how disabled people have proven to be valuable employees, as well as how employers can accommodate their special needs. Announces availability of specific examples of how disabled people are being integrated into the work force at better than entry-level positions that provide good benefits. (Author/CH)
Tindall, Lloyd
Supervising Adults with Learning Disabilities.
Intended for employers, supervisors, and coworkers, the booklet presents guidelines for accommodating learning disabled (LD) employees. An introductory section explains the condition, describing its nature and the range of impairments it includes. Five types of learning disabilities are identified: visual, auditory, motor, tactile, and academic.ģ
Brown, Dale
Disability and the Education System
Education is important for all children, but even more so for children with disabilities, whose social and economic opportunities may be limited. In this article, Laudan Aron and Pamela Loprest assess how well the nation's education system is serving students with disabilities. Aron and Loprest trace the evolution of the special education system in the United States from its origins
Laudan Aron; Pamela Loprest
Reading Disability and the Brain
A weakness in accessing the sounds of spoken language represents the most robust and specific correlate of reading disability in young school age children and adolescents. Neurological science and reading research that provides the scientific knowledge regarding this disability is presented.
Shaywitz, Sally E.; Shaywitz, Bennett A.
A Feminist Theology of Disability
Disability and long term incurable illness still attract a variety of demonisation and prejudice. This includes many of the same kinds of hostility that have faced women. Disabled people are blamed for their condition, regarded as bestial, grotesque and unclean. They are excluded from ritual spaces by Levitical law, modern prejudice and practical indifference. Feminist Theology has sometimes contributed to
Doreen Freeman
The Learning Disabled Adult Offender.
This study investigated the prevalence of learning disabilities among 189 male inmates in a county jail setting. If inmates scored below the sixth-grade level, they were further tested. From this procedure, it was concluded that there is a much higher rate of learning disabilities among the adult offender population than among the generalģ
Tevis, Marlan P.; Orem, Richard A.
A Model Disability Awareness Day.
Describes an all-day conciousness raising program designed to teach elementary school students about the disabled. The program described consisted of oral presentations and a theater performance by disabled individuals; it was presented to 270 students at Mary A. Hubbard School in Ramsey, New Jersey. (GC)
Watson, Emily Strauss
Learning Disabilities: An Interdisciplinary Perspective.
Presented are six papers originally delivered at a colloquium series on the problems of the learning disabled child, with emphasis on a multidisciplinary perspective. In "One Psychologist's Perspective on Learning Disabilities," J. Kessler provides an overview of the field with sections on definition and identification, etiology, testing as aģ
Zollinger, Ruth H., Ed.; Klein, Nancy K., Ed.
Library Service to the Disabled.
In recognition of 1981 as the Year of Disabled Persons, 10 out of the 13 essays in this issue deal specifically with library service to the disabled; the remaining three discuss the Public Library Association (PLA) Planning Process, the New York State Research Library Resources Access Project, and New York State public library construction needs.ģ
Bookmark, 1981
Collecting Disability Data from Parents
This article describes the development and national trial of a methodology for collecting disability data directly from parents, enabling schools and local authorities to meet their obligations under the "Disability Discrimination Act" (DDA; 2005) to promote equality of opportunity for all children. It illustrates the complexities aroundģ
Porter, Jill; Daniels, Harry; Feiler, Anthony; Georgeson, Jan
20 CFR 404.1505 - Basic definition of disability.
...SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Determining Disability and Blindness Definition of Disability ┬¦ 404.1505 Basic definition of disability. (a) The law defines disability...
Mobile Learning and Mobility in Teacher Training
This article describes the mobile learning project, where a mobile device is used for educational activities. The article defines the word mobility from the educational point of view. The main perspective in this article is in teacher training. We present experiences of how mobile technology was used in teacher training, how trainees and supervising teachers felt the use of mobile
Pauliina Seppõlõ; Harri Alamõki
Defining disability: metaphysical not political.
Recent discussions surrounding the conceptualising of disability has resulted in a stalemate between British sociologists and philosophers. The stagnation of theorizing that has occurred threatens not only academic pursuits and the advancement of theoretical interpretations within the Disability Studies community, but also how we educate and advocate politically, legally, and socially. More pointedly, many activists and theorists in the UK appear to believe the British social model is the only effective means of understanding and advocating on behalf of people with disabilities. This model, largely reliant upon materialist research traditions, contends that disability is a form of social oppression and hence, is a phenomenon that should be conceptualised in social terms. Individual properties such as impairments are disregarded as they are viewed to be unimportant in the analysis of the social causes of disability. Concurrently, many bioethicists and philosophers have embraced what Tom Shakespeare has classified as an 'Interactional Approach' to disability--that "the experience of a disabled person results from the relationship between factors intrinsic to the individual, and the extrinsic factors arising from the wider context in which she finds herself". I intend to demonstrate that the benefits of the British social model are now outweighed by its burdens. I suggest, as Jerome Bickenbach has, that while it may be somewhat churlish to critique the social model in light of its political success, taken literally, it implies that people with disabilities require no additional health resources by virtue of their impairments. Despite the eloquent arguments that have preceded me by interactional theorists, none have been accepted as evidence of fallacious reasoning by British social model theorists. This article is an attempt to clarify why it is that the types of arguments British social model theorists have been offering are misguided. I suggest that the British social model, unlike an interactional approach, is unable to provide a realistic account of the experience of disability, and subsequently, unable to be properly utilized to ensure justice for people with disabilities. PMID:22481609
Riddle, Christopher A
Balance training to maintain mobility and prevent disability
AbstractBalance is important for the safe performance of many activities that allow older people to remain independent in their community. Housework, cooking, shopping, and travel generally require the ability to stand, reach, turn, and bend down and pick up objects from the floor. Multiple interacting factors are implicated in the deterioration of balance. Several strategies have been tested to improve
James Oat Judge
Mars Mobiles
This activity introduces students to the basic features of the Mars landscape. Students locate the planets of the solar system on a diagram; look at pictures of Mars and describe the Martian landscape; describe landscape features of Earth, and compare those to what is found on Mars; and make mobiles showing features of the Martian landscape.
Atomic Mobile
Learners make a mobile model of a carbon atom using clay, wire, and pipe cleaners. Learners will use the periodic table as a guide and explore how atoms are made up of a nucleus of protons and neutrons with orbiting electrons. The activity includes a PDF file of a periodic table and a guide for reading it.
History, American M.
Mobile IP
The Internet is growing exponentially, both in the amount of traffic carried, and in the amount of hosts connected. IP technology is becoming more and more important, in company networks (Intranets), and also in the core networks for the next generation mobile networks. Further, wireless access to IP networks is becoming mature (e.g., IEEE 802.11 networks, Irda, Bluetooth). At the
Geert Heijenk; S. Sallent; A. Pras
Integrated communication/environmental controller system for the physically disabled.
A wireless integrated communication/environmental controller system (ICECS) is described, which offers total communication as well as environmental control for the disabled person. The system is flexible and simple enough to be used from the wheelchair by patients with spinal cord injuries. The system has three parts: the mobile unit, the base unit, and a set of remote-control receiver modules. The mobile unit and the base unit are linked together by radio, while the base unit and the remote receiver modules communicate over a power line carrier. The telephone mode allows telephone calls to be placed and received. Different electrical devices are controlled by the environmental control mode. The intercom mode permits two-way communication with an attendant or the nursing station. The modes can be switched simply by pressing a button on the mobile unit. Sixteen soft-touch switches arranged in a 4 X 4 matrix allow operation by hand or mouthstick. PMID:2950838
Fatehi, M T; Balmaseda, M T; Koozekanani, S H
Impairment, disability and handicap in chronic respiratory illness.
Chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD) is a major, though neglected, medical and social problem in the United Kingdom today. Dyspnoea is one of the most distressing and disabling symptoms of COAD, which is itself the largest single cause of absence from work in the United Kingdom. 92 patients suffering from COAD were interviewed in order to assess impairment, disability and handicap. Measures included spirometric tests of lung function; the Fletcher breathlessness grading scale, the oxygen cost diagram and a visual analogue scale of dyspnoea; the Functional Limitations Profile (FLP); and the shortened 12 item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), supplemented by the 7-item GHQ sub-scales of anxiety and severe depression. Low correlations were found between lung function and disability (-0.38, P less than 0.001), accounting for only 14% of the variance, and high correlations were found to exist between measures of dyspnoea and disability (-0.90, P less than 0.001). Major areas of disability and handicap included; household management, ambulation, sleep and rest, recreation and pastimes and work. Financial problems and difficulties, housing problems and problems of social isolation were also frequently reported. The paper goes on to discuss both the need for a more integrated approach to the care and rehabilitation of COAD patients and their families and for a complementary social perspective and approach to COAD and its treatment. PMID:2529643
Williams, S J; Bury, M R
Disability Mediates the Impact of Common Conditions on Perceived Health
Background We examined the extent to which disability mediates the observed associations of common mental and physical conditions with perceived health. Methods and Findings WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys carried out in 22 countries worldwide (n?=?51,344 respondents, 72.0% response rate). We assessed nine common mental conditions with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), and ten chronic physical with a checklist. A visual analog scale (VAS) score (0, worst to 100, best) measured perceived health in the previous 30 days. Disability was assessed using a modified WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), including: cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, role functioning (life activities), family burden, stigma, and discrimination. Path analysis was used to estimate total effects of conditions on perceived health VAS and their separate direct and indirect (through the WHODAS dimensions) effects. Twelve-month prevalence was 14.4% for any mental and 51.4% for any physical condition. 31.7% of respondents reported difficulties in role functioning, 11.4% in mobility, 8.3% in stigma, 8.1% in family burden and 6.9% in cognition. Other difficulties were much less common. Mean VAS score was 81.0 (SD?=?0.1). Decrements in VAS scores were highest for neurological conditions (9.8), depression (8.2) and bipolar disorder (8.1). Across conditions, 36.8% (IQR: 31.2¢51.5%) of the total decrement in perceived health associated with the condition were mediated by WHODAS disabilities (significant for 17 of 19 conditions). Role functioning was the dominant mediator for both mental and physical conditions. Stigma and family burden were also important mediators for mental conditions, and mobility for physical conditions. Conclusions More than a third of the decrement in perceived health associated with common conditions is mediated by disability. Although the decrement is similar for physical and mental conditions, the pattern of mediation is different. Research is needed on the benefits for perceived health of targeted interventions aimed at particular disability dimensions.
Alonso, Jordi; Vilagut, Gemma; Adroher, Nuria D.; Chatterji, Somnath; He, Yanling; Andrade, Laura Helena; Bromet, Evelyn; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Fayyad, John; Florescu, Silvia; de Girolamo, Giovanni; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Hinkov, Hristo; Hu, Chiyi; Iwata, Noboru; Lee, Sing; Levinson, Daphna; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; O'Neill, Siobhan; Hormel, J.; Posada-Villa, Jose A.; Ismet Taib, Nezar; Xavier, Miguel; Kessler, Ronald C.
The Legal Rights of Students with Disabilities in Christian Schools
The adoption of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504) and the Education for All Handicapped Children's Act, now the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), have had a major impact on the delivery of services for children with special needs.In light of the legal issues surrounding the delivery of special education to children who attend Christian
Learning Disabilities: Theory, Assessment and Remediation. A Bibliography.
The bibliography on learning disabilities emphasizes current, research-oriented literature in three areas--theory, diagnosis and assessment, and remediation. Entries are divided into the above major topic areas and listed alphabetically by author in books and periodicals sections under the following subtopics: general neurological-perceptualģ
McMurray, J. G.
Learning Disabled Students' Performance on the Child Behavior Checklist
The research to date on the behavioral and emotional problems of learning disabled students has focused mainly on young boys. A majority of the studies in this area have been done by Michael Epstein (Epstein, Cullinan, & Rosemier, 1983; Epstein & Cullinan, 1984; Epstein, Cullinan, & Neiminen, 1984; Epstein, Bursack, & Cullinan, 1985; Epstein, Cullinan, & Lloyd, 1986). He used
Educating Students with Mild Disabilities: Strategies and Methods. Second Edition.
This book addresses inclusive environments and the shifting of instruction of children with disabilities to the general classroom teacher. The major themes are behavior management, curriculum, and instructional strategies. Individual chapters include: (1) "Discipline in Special Education and General Education Settings" (Deborah Deutsch Smith andģ
Meyen, Edward L., Ed.; Vergason, Glenn A., Ed.; Whelan, Richard J., Ed.
Reading and Learning-Disabled Children: Understanding the Problem
In this article, the authors assess the evidence related to various instructional styles for teaching reading to children with learning disabilities. Results of the literature review indicate that whole language and direct instruction are the two major approaches to teaching reading. Whole language has proven successful for many students withģ
Martin, Don; Martin, Magy; Carvalho, Kathleen
Interagency and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Meeting Needs of Developmentally Disabled.
The document reports on the Communitization Integration Team, a joint interagency planning project whose major goal was to develop, within a two county area, models for the cooperative delivery of community based services to school age developmentally disabled children, particularly the severely-profoundly retarded. Initial sections cover projectģ
Kirchman, Mary P.; And Others
Validation of the Attitudes toward Intellectual Disability--ATTID Questionnaire
Background: Individuals with an intellectual disability (ID) continue to experience major obstacles towards social, educational and vocational integration. Negative attitudes toward persons with ID has remained relevant over time and has led to discrimination and stigma. Objective: The present study describes the development of a new questionnaireģ
Morin, D.; Crocker, A. G.; Beaulieu-Bergeron, R.; Caron, J.
Narrating Disability, Narrating Religious Practice: Reconciliation and Fragile X Syndrome
This article examines the place of religion in the narratives of mothers of children with fragile X syndrome. In semistructured interviews, a majority of women combined narratives of religious practice with illness narratives, interpreting their children's disabilities within a religious framework. Informed by Arthur Frank's (1995) concept ofģ
Michie, Marsha; Skinner, Debra
Making Online Information Accessible to Students with Disabilities, Part II.
Focuses on the major HTML coding techniques used when making Web pages and online courses accessible to students with disabilities. Examples of accessibility features provided are not difficult for most Web authors to incorporate into their Web pages. With a few adaptations, Web page developers can make online information accessible to studentsģ
Robertson, Janna Siegel; Harris, James Wallace
Reflections: Returning as a Group Leader after a Severe Disability
Complicated issues arise when a group leader resumes practice after suffering a disability. The author, a nurse psychotherapist/researcher with a doctoral degree, director of nursing research at a veterans' hospital, and a psychodynamic practitioner in private practice, suffered a major stroke. The author felt extremely vulnerable and struggled asģ
Lanza, Marilyn
The adoption of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504) and the Education for All Handicapped Children's Act, now the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), have had a major impact on the delivery of services for children with special needs. In light of the legal issues surrounding the delivery of special educationģ
Russo, Charles J.; Osborne, Allan G., Jr.; Massucci, Joseph D.; Cattaro, Gerald M.
National Disability Policy: A Progress Report, December 2004-December 2005
This report's 13 chapters address disability statistics and research, major trends, statistics, civil rights, Education, health, and long-term services and supports, children and youth, employment and the workforce development system, welfare reform, housing, transportation, assistive technology and telecommunications, international affairs, andģ
National Council on Disability, 2006
Employment Success for Students with Mild Disabilities: Process and Outcomes.
This report describes activities of Project Work, a federally funded program to provide vocational preparation skills and transition services for high school students with disabilities. The program served 150 students at a large urban high school in San Diego (California). Three major objectives were accomplished: (1) development of anģ
Patton, Patricia L.
Education Abroad for Students with Disabilities: Expanding Access
Education abroad is a rapidly expanding opportunity for undergraduate students in the United States. Concurrent with this growth in total numbers is a growth in the diversity of participants. Students with different ethnic backgrounds, academic majors, age, socioeconomic status, and disabilities are increasingly seeking opportunities overseas. Inģ
Soneson, Heidi M.; Fisher, Shelly
Transforming Disability Policy for Youth and Young Adults with Disabilities. Disability Policy Research Brief. Number 09-01
The transition to adulthood can be difficult for youth, particularly those who have disabilities severe enough that they receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Social Security Disability Insurance (DI), or other disability program benefits. Besides the issues facing all transition-age youth, young people with disabilities face a host ofģ
O'Day, Bonnie; Stapleton, David
Mobile payment in mobile e-commerce
The main problem of Chinese mobile e-commerce at present is its insufficient modes of payment. Therefore, the research on brand-new and high-efficiency form of mobile payment is very important for the development of Chinese mobile e-commerce. There are two forms of mobile payment in China at present, namely mobile fee account payment and bank card mobile payment. The paper brings
Qinghua Zhang
Rehabilitation time before disability pension
Background The decision to grant a disability pension is usually the end of a long process of medical examinations, treatment and rehabilitation attempts. This study investigates to what extent the time spent on rehabilitation time prior to disability pension is associated with characteristics of the individual or the local employment and welfare office, measured as municipality variance. Methods A study of 2,533 40 to 42 year olds who received disability pension over a period of 18 years. The logarithm of the rehabilitation time before granting a disability pension was analysed with multilevel regression. Results The rehabilitation time before a disability pension was granted ranged from 30 to 5,508 days. Baseline health characteristics were only moderately associated with rehabilitation time. Younger people and people with unemployment periods had longer rehabilitation time before a disability pension was granted. There were only minor differences in rehabilitation time between men and women and between different levels of education. Approximately 2% of the total variance in rehabilitation time could be attributed to the municipality of residence. Conclusions There is a higher threshold for granting a disability pension to younger persons and those who are expecting periods of unemployment, which is reflected in the extended rehabilitation requirements for these groups. The longer rehabilitation period for persons with psychiatric disorders might reflect a lack of common knowledge on the working capacity of and the fitted rehabilitation programs for people with psychiatric disorders.
Mobile Customer Relationship Management and Mobile Security
The purpose of this study is twofold. First, in order to guarantee a coherent discussion about mobile customer relationship management (mCRM), this paper presents a conceptualization of mCRM delineating its unique characteristics because of Among the variety of mobile services, considerable attention has been devoted to mobile marketing and in particular to mobile customer relationship management services. Second, the authors discusses the security risks in mobile computing in different level(user, mobile device, wireless network,...) and finally we focus on enterprise mobile security and it's subgroups with a series of suggestion and solution for improve mobile computing security.
Sanayei, Ali; Mirzaei, Abas
Mobility Types for Mobile Ambients
An ambient is a named cluster of processes and subambients, whichmoves as a group. The untyped ambient calculus is a process calculusin which ambients model a variety of concepts such as network nodes,packets, channels, and software agents. In these models, some ambientsare intended to be mobile, some immobile; and some are intendedto be ephemeral, some persistent. We describe type systems
Luca Cardelli; Andrew D. Gordon; Giorgio Ghelli
Therapeutic Riding for a Student with Multiple Disabilities and Visual Impairment: A Case Study.
A 9-year-old with multiple disabilities and visual impairments was the focus of a 10-week developmental therapeutic riding program incorporating hippotherapy. The program has led to increased mobility, an increase in visual attention span and fixation time, signs of greater verbal communication, and the acquisition of new functional signs.ģ
Lehrman, Jennifer; Ross, David B.
Development of a general purpose robot arm for use by disabled and elderly at home
Robots to assist disabled persons is a challenging area that include most aspects as demanding tasks, partly un- structured environment and to some extent autonomous behavior. The on-going MATS project focuses on a robot system that meet requirements on performing do- mestic tasks within environments as kitchen, bathroom and living room. The system has mobility within a home environment by
Gunnar Bolmsj÷; Magnus Olsson; Ulf Lorentzon
Ongoing Research on Adaptive Smart Assistive Systems for Disabled People in Autonomous Movement
The Spanish society demands like universal good to dispose suitable and accessible healthcare services for disabled users. In order to take care of these necessities, this article presents ongoing research on suitable technology and technological tools for the case of people with mobility difficulties needing medical monitoring. Research is focused on the development of novel control structures to be used
Cecilio Angulo; Javier Minguez; Marta DĒaz; Joan Cabestany
Effectiveness of Cognitive Skills-Based Computer-Assisted Instruction for Students with Disabilities: A Synthesis
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) for students with disabilities can be categorized into the following categories: visual, auditory, mobile, and cognitive skills-based CAI. Cognitive-skills based CAI differs from other types of CAI largely in terms of an emphasis on instructional design features. We conducted both systematic review ofģ
Weng, Pei-Lin; Maeda, Yukiko; Bouck, Emily C.
Fluid blade disablement tool
A fluid blade disablement (FBD) tool that forms both a focused fluid projectile that resembles a blade, which can provide precision penetration of a barrier wall, and a broad fluid projectile that functions substantially like a hammer, which can produce general disruption of structures behind the barrier wall. Embodiments of the FBD tool comprise a container capable of holding fluid, an explosive assembly which is positioned within the container and which comprises an explosive holder and explosive, and a means for detonating. The container has a concavity on the side adjacent to the exposed surface of the explosive. The position of the concavity relative to the explosive and its construction of materials with thicknesses that facilitate inversion and/or rupture of the concavity wall enable the formation of a sharp and coherent blade of fluid advancing ahead of the detonation gases.
Jakaboski, Juan-Carlos (Albuquerque, NM); Hughs, Chance G. (Albuquerque, NM); Todd, Steven N. (Rio Rancho, NM)
[Disability and epilepsy].
The purpose of this article is to familiarize radiologists with the different aspects of severe drug resistant epilepsy. These result in three levels of disability: the disease itself (seizures and their impact, underlying cause), social impact (restrictions, safety and precautions, education, activities of daily life) and issues related to the medical treatment (long term medication intake, side effects, complications). First, clinical and EEG diagnosis will be reviewed to move on to MRI with attention to technical and protocol considerations followed by the imaging features of specific entities causing severe drug resistant epilepsy: migration and gyration disorders, Rasmussen's encephalitis, Sturge Weber disease and post-ischemic sequelae. Finally, current data and the imaging features of hemispherotomy, a radical treatment for epilepsy, will be presented. PMID:21242937
Bordonne, C; Delalande, O; Heran, F
Working Together: Computers and People with Mobility Impairments.
This brief paper describes several computing tools that have been effectively used by individuals with mobility impairments. Emphasis is on tasks to be completed and how the individuals abilities (not disabilities), with possible assistance from technology, can be used to accomplish them. Preliminary information addresses the importance ofģ
Washington Univ., Seattle.
Mothers' Perceptions of Their Children's Use of Powered Mobility
Physical therapists and occupational therapists frequently assist parents with the exploration and use of powered wheelchairs for their children with physical disabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore parents' experiences and perceptions of their children's experiences with the receipt and use of powered mobility. Qualitative methodsģ
Wiart, Lesley; Darrah, Johanna; Hollis, Vivien; Cook, Al; May, Laura
Teaching Mobility to a Bilaterally Hand-Amputated Blind Person.
This article describes the methods used to teach mobility skills to a young man severely disabled (blind and bilaterally hand amputated) by an explosion. Stressed are the assistive devices developed and the therapist's and student's feelings during the training course. (DB)
Poss, D.
Intellectual disability and parenthood.
Parenthood in persons with intellectual disability (ID) is an issue of concern for the family, guardians, and professionals as there are many sentiments and problems involved: financial, technical, medical, legal, and above all moral. People with intellectual, developmental, or other disabilities have feelings, want relationships, and are able to have children also. The attitude of society has changed through time from the early eugenic concern with heredity and fertility, to a focus on the risk to the children due to parental neglect or abuse, to acceptance and a search for solutions to parental training and support. This change can be seen as a result of a shift from institutional care to community care and normalization. This paper reviews available research, prevalence, service issues, experience from around the world, and relates to the situation in Israel. Jewish Law has been very progressive regarding the possibility of marriage between persons with ID (in contrast to American Law where historically this right has been denied, until recently). Recent research has shown that, in the case of such a union resulting in children, although they require some supervision, family, friends, and social welfare agencies have scrutinized these families so much they are in constant fear of their child being taken away. There is little information on the number of such cases and an overall dearth of information on the effects on the children, although one recent study from the U.K. has shown a varied picture of resilience and a close, warm relationship later on with the family and especially the mother. PMID:15674450
Kandel, Isack; Morad, Mohammed; Vardi, Gideon; Merrick, Joav
Meta-Analysis of Disability Simulation Research
A commonly attempted approach to modifying attitudes regarding people with disabilities is to place people without disabilities in situations that are designed for them to experience what it is like to have a disability. This approach, called disability simulation, continues despite criticisms including a reported lack of effectiveness data and the potential for nega- tive experiences among participants. The current
ASHLEY FLOWER; MATTHEW K. BURNS; N. A. Bottsford-Miller
Voices of Disability on the Radio
Background: While much commentary exists in relation to the portrayal of disabled people in the media, very little research examines the talk itself in any detail. This paper examines the how people with communication disabilities and disabled people are dealt with in the talk of a radio programme about disability. Aims: To show how the voices ofģ
O'Malley, Mary Pat
The topic of this article is the ordering of disability. The question is how people become, and are made, disabled. This is linked with a further question about how to investigate and represent differences such as those between ability and disability. How can studies that aim to contribute to opening up and remaking the conditions of possibility for disability avoid
Ingunn Moser
Children's Perceptions of Peers with Disabilities
Children's books with characters that have disabilities have been touted as an avenue to introduce children to their peers with disabilities. Children's literature specialists have suggested that the use of these books may result in a more positive attitude on the part of children without disabilities toward their peers with disabilities. Workingģ
Smith-D'Arezzo, Wendy M.; Moore-Thomas, Cheryl
Perceptions of severely and multiply disabled persons
Data from studies of rankings of acceptability and severity of various disabilities were converted to a common metric of percentile equivalent ranks. A total of 1331 data points from 53 studies yielded the following overall percentile equivalent ranks for 24 disabilities: diabetes (most acceptable), ulcer, arthritis, asthma, heart condition, speech problems, crippled, orthopedic disability, physical disability, amputation, emotional disturbance, appearance
Harold E. Yuker
Moving Disabled People into the Workforce.
This issue focuses on helping disabled individuals to find and keep jobs. An overview discusses the corporate response to employment of the disabled, partnerships between industry and rehabilitation, serving disabled persons under the Job Training Partnership Act, and educating students with disabilities. Eleven "Bulletins" offer descriptions ofģ
Markowicz, Arlene, Ed.; And Others
2008 Disability Status Report: The United States
The Annual Disability Status Reports provide policy makers, disability advocates, reporters, and the public with a summary of the most recent demographic and economic statistics on the non-institutionalized population with disabilities. They contain information on the population size and disability prevalence for various demographicģ
Erickson, W. Lee C.; von Schrader, S.
2009 Disability Status Report: United States
Mobile EEG in epilepsy.
The sensitivity of routine EEG recordings for interictal epileptiform discharges in epilepsy is limited. In some patients, inpatient video-EEG may be performed to increase the likelihood of finding abnormalities. Although many agree that home EEG recordings may provide a cost-effective alternative to these recordings, their use is still not introduced everywhere. We surveyed Dutch neurologists and patients and evaluated a novel mobile EEG device (Mobita, TMSi). Key specifications were compared with three other current mobile EEG devices. We shortly discuss algorithms to assist in the review process. Thirty percent (33 out of 109) of Dutch neurologists reported that home EEG recordings are used in their hospital. The majority of neurologists think that mobile EEG can have additional value in investigation of unclear paroxysms, but not in the initial diagnosis after a first seizure. Poor electrode contacts and signal quality, limited recording time and absence of software for reliable and effective assistance in the interpretation of EEGs have been important constraints for usage, but in recent devices discussed here, many of these problems have been solved. The majority of our patients were satisfied with the home EEG procedure and did not think that our EEG device was uncomfortable to wear, but they did feel uneasy wearing it in public. PMID:24060755
Askamp, Jessica; van Putten, Michel J A M
Center Director Bridges visits Disability Awareness and Action working Group Technology Fair
Center Director Roy Bridges stops to talk to one of the vendors at the Disability Awareness and Action Working Group (DAAWG) Technology Fair being held Oct. 20-21 at Kennedy Space Center. With him at the far left is Sterling Walker, director of Engineering Development at KSC and chairman of DAAWG, and Nancie Strott, a multi-media specialist with Dynacs and chairperson of the Fair; at the right is Carol Cavanaugh, with KSC Public Services. The Fair is highlighting vendors demonstrating mobility, hearing, vision and silent disability assistive technology. The purpose is to create an awareness of the types of technology currently available to assist people with various disabilities in the workplace. The theme is that of this year's National Disability Employment Awareness Month, 'Opening Doors to Ability.' Some of the vendors participating are Canine Companions for Independence, Goodwill Industries, Accessible Structures, Division of Blind Services, Space Coast Center for Independent Living, KSC Fitness Center and Delaware North Parks Services.
Center Director Roy Bridges (standing, center) poses with members of the Disability Awareness and Action Working Group (DAAWG), which is holding the 1999 Technology Fair Oct. 20-21 at Kennedy Space Center. The Fair is highlighting vendors demonstrating mobility, hearing, vision and silent disability assistive technology. The purpose is to create an awareness of the types of technology currently available to assist people with various disabilities in the workplace. The theme is that of this year's National Disability Employment Awareness Month, 'Opening Doors to Ability.' Some of the vendors participating are Canine Companions for Independence, Goodwill Industries, Accessible Structures, Division of Blind Services, Space Coast Center for Independent Living, KSC Fitness Center and Delaware North Parks Services.
Infertility: Why can't we classify this inability as disability?
Disability is a complex phenomenon. It reflects an interaction between features of a person's body and features of the society in which he or she lives. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), lays stress on the functional as well as the structural problem of a person. All the definitions of disability also include the disorders of the reproductive and endocrine system. So infertility and impotency should also be included in the category of disability. It affects the participation in areas of life and can have a disabling affect on an individual. Like any other disability the couple has to adapt and integrate infertility in their sense of self thus infertility comes as a major life crisis. Medically, infertility, in most cases, is considered to be the result of a physical impairment or a genetic abnormality. Socially, couples are incapable of their reproductive or parental roles. On social level, infertility in most cultures remains associated with social stigma and taboo just like the social model of disability. Couples who are unable to reproduce may be looked down upon due to social stigmatisation. Infertility can lead to divorces and separation leading to a broken family life. Without labelling infertility as a disability, it is difficult for the people to access services and welfare benefits offered by the government. Infertility treatments are highly sophisticated so they are very expensive and are even not covered by insurance and government aid. In the light of all this it becomes imperative to categorise infertility as disability.
Khetarpal, Abha; Singh, Satendra
Depression in the workplace: effects on short-term disability.
We analyzed data from two national surveys to estimate the short-term work disability associated with thirty-day major depression. Depressed workers were found to have between 1.5 and 3.2 more short-term work-disability days in a thirty-day period than other workers had, with a salary-equivalent productivity loss averaging between $182 and $395. These workplace costs are nearly as large as the direct costs of successful depression treatment, which suggests that encouraging depressed workers to obtain treatment might be cost-effective for some employers. PMID:10495604
Kessler, R C; Barber, C; Birnbaum, H G; Frank, R G; Greenberg, P E; Rose, R M; Simon, G E; Wang, P
Predicting the Risk of Mobility Difficulty in Older Women With Screening Nomograms: The Women's Health and Aging Study II
Methods: We conducted a population-based prospec- tive study using data from 266 high physically and cognitively functioning older women, aged 70 to 80 years, who were free of mobility disability at the base- line evaluation of the Women's Health and Aging Study II. The outcome measure was incident mobility disability within 18 months, defined as self-reported difficulty walking 0.8 km,
Paulo H. M. Chaves; Elizabeth S. Garrett; Linda P. Fried
Predicting the Risk of Mobility Difficulty in Older Women With Screening Nomograms The Women's Health and Aging Study II
Disability Management Approach to Job Accommodation for Mental Health Disability
\\u000a A body of research exists that outlines the personal, social, and economic costs of mental health disability (e.g., Dewa and\\u000a McDaid 2010, this book; Dewa et al. 2007; WHO 2005). More recently, employers are becoming aware of the financial and human\\u000a costs of mental health disability in their work sites.
Henry G. Harder; Jodi Hawley; Alison Stewart
Functioning and disability of children and adolescents in a vegetative state and a minimally conscious state: identification of ICF-CY-relevant categories.
Children in a vegetative state (VS) and a minimally conscious state (MCS) experience severe limitations as a consequence of nervous system deficits and require consistent environmental support. However, disability in VS and MCS children has never been described following a model that accounts for the presence of the symptoms, limitations and the support required. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe the functioning and disability of children in VS and MCS using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - version for Children and Youth (ICF-CY). VS and MCS children were enrolled in postacute settings and at home. ICF-CY questionnaires were filled in using information available from clinical documentation, direct observation and from children's parents. ICF-CY categories were considered as relevant if used in at least one-third of the children. In total, 36 children and adolescents (22 in VS, 25 males) were enrolled. The majority developed VS and MCS following a nontraumatic event; the mean age was 114.8 months and the mean duration of condition was 50.1 months. A total of 94 ICF-CY categories were reported as relevant: 26 were from body functions, mostly from mental functions and mobility chapters; nine from body structures, 32 from activities and participation, mostly from learning, mobility and self-care chapters; and 27 from environmental factors. The use of ICF-CY enables to obtain a specific profile of functioning for each child that can be coupled with known issues, such as loss of brain functions and provision of life-sustaining interventions. PMID:22785047
Leonardi, Matilde; Sattin, Davide; Giovannetti, Ambra M; Pagani, Marco; Strazzer, Sandra; Villa, Federica; Martinuzzi, Andrea; Buffoni, Mara; Castelli, Enrico; Lispi, Maria Luisa; Trabacca, Antonio; Gennaro, Leonarda; Raggi, Alberto
Understanding Mobile Apps
... Mobile App User Reviews Kids and Mobile Apps Mobile App Basics WhatÆs a mobile app? A mobile app is a software program you ... on the market, including some with free versions. Mobile App User Reviews Can I trust all the user ...
Mobile robot sense net
Mobile robot hardware and software is developing to the point where interesting applications for groups of such robots can be contemplated. We envision a set of mobots acting to map and perform surveillance or other task within an indoor environment (the Sense Net). A typical application of the Sense Net would be to detect survivors in buildings damaged by earthquake or other disaster, where human searchers would be put a risk. As a team, the Sense Net could reconnoiter a set of buildings faster, more reliably, and more comprehensibly than an individual mobot. The team, for example, could dynamically form subteams to perform task that cannot be done by individual robots, such as measuring the range to a distant object by forming a long baseline stereo sensor form a pari of mobots. In addition, the team could automatically reconfigure itself to handle contingencies such as disabled mobots. This paper is a report of our current progress in developing the Sense Net, after the first year of a two-year project. In our approach, each mobot has sufficient autonomy to perform several tasks, such as mapping unknown areas, navigating to specific positions, and detecting, tracking, characterizing, and classifying human and vehicular activity. We detail how some of these tasks are accomplished, and how the mobot group is tasked.
Konolige, Kurt; Gutmann, Steffen; Guzzoni, Didier; Ficklin, Robert W.; Nicewarner, Keith E.
Disparities in Routine Breast Cancer Screening for Medicaid Managed Care Members with a Work-Limiting Disability
Objective Examine disparities in routine mammography for women who qualify for Medicaid, because of a work-limiting disability. Methods Individual-level data were obtained for women enrolled in Massachusetts Medicaid Managed Care plans who met the 2007 Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) criteria for the breast cancer screening measure (n=35,171). Disability status was determined from Medicaid eligibility records. Mammography screening was modeled using multivariate logistic regression. Separate models for women with and without a disability were also estimated. Results Although unadjusted breast cancer screening rates were roughly equal for women with and without disability, after adjusting for confounders disability status had a significant negative association with screening mammography (OR=0.74; p<0.0001). Living farther from a mammography facility or having a diagnosis of domestic violence reduced the odds of screening for women with disabilities, but not for other women. Having a higher illness burden was more detrimental to screening for women with a disability than for those without. Both groups benefited similarly from the first 26 ambulatory care visits, but the impact of additional visits on screening was much larger among women with disabilities. Conclusion Nationwide, rates of routine mammography for Medicaid managed care plans averaged below 50% in 2006. Given that a majority of eligible women served by Medicaid have disabilities, and studies have shown that women with disabilities are more likely to be diagnosed with late stage disease, a focus on improving rates of screening for women with disabilities is overdue.
Weir, Sharada; Posner, Heather E.; Zhang, Jianying; Jones, Whitney C.; Willis, Georgianna; Baxter, Jeffrey D.; Clark, Robin E.
Recognizing hospital-acquired disability among older adults.
Approximately one third of hospitalized older adults develop a new disability by discharge, which places them at risk for readmission, institutionalization, and death. Various risk factors, both modifiable and nonmodifiable, coalesce in the acute care setting. As frontline health care providers, nurses are crucial to the process of altering modifiable risk factors by assessing patientsÆ risk for functional decline during hospitalization using a standardized instrument and treating risk with evidence-based interventions. Barriers to meeting this goal must be overcome, such as a lack of evidence to recommend use of one functional assessment tool over another, as well as the paucity of evidence-based interventions. Other obstacles such as the tacit acceptance of functional decline by health care providers and a lack of resources for mobilizing older adults contribute to the ongoing problem. Nurses are encouraged to develop new innovations to prevent the widespread and frequently untreated problem of hospital-acquired disability. PMID:23189993
D'Ambruoso, Sarah; Cadogan, Mary
Disability Action Council Assessment Report.
This reports commends the excellent work achieved by Disability Action Council (DAC) since its inception in 1997. Although it suggests that DAC's current proposal to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) should not be accepted for funding,...
J. Condor R. Horvath
Guide to Disability Rights Laws
... 508 Section 508 establishes requirements for electronic and information technology developed, maintained, procured, or used by the Federal government. Section 508 requires Federal electronic and information technology to be accessible to people with disabilities, including ...
JAMA Patient Page: Assessing Disability
... of disability are currently estimated at $300 billion. Impairment is evaluated as a measured change in an ... physical activity programs and home modifications. EVALUATION OF IMPAIRMENT Impairment is defined as ōa loss, loss of ...
The Eye and Learning Disabilities
A joint organizational statement on vision and therapy for learning disabilities and dyslexia is presented by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, and the American Association of Ophthalmology. (CB)
Sight-Saving Review, 1971
Nursing Students with Learning Disabilities.
Discusses the following topics: identification and classification of learning disabilities (LD), effects of LD on nursing students, teaching and learning, LD legislation, and academic interventions for nursing students with LD. (SK)
Selekman, Janice
Adopting Children With Developmental Disabilities.
The estimates of children who are awaiting adoption (legally free) indicate that anywhere between 30 and 50% have a developmental disability. However, these children are not a homogeneous group. Their physical, cognitive and social characteristics may dif...
Osteoporosis in women with disabilities.
Women with physical and cognitive disabilities are at high risk for osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures. Women with physical disabilities frequently are nonambulatory and have bone loss due to immobility. Women with cognitive disabilities have high rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis, likely partially due to high rates of anticonvulsant medication use. Women with Down syndrome are at especially high risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis, possibly because of lower peak bone density levels. Prevention of osteoporosis and related fractures in this population includes population-based measures, such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation and risk-based screening procedures. Primary care providers and specialists need to prioritize osteoporosis prevention strategies when taking care of women with disabilities. Future research is needed to determine optimal screening and prevention strategies in this very high risk population. PMID:15186660
Schrager, Sarina
Rehabilitation Counseling with Disabled Hispanics.
Special problems involved in providing rehabilitation counseling to disabled Hispanics are addressed, including socioeconomic considerations and psychosocial aspects dealing with traditional family roles. Implications for rehabilitation planning and culturally sensitive counseling services are discussed. (CL)
Rivera, Orlando A.; Cespedes, Rosanita
The Chicago perspective on design for the disabled.
This article describes the efforts made by the city of Chicago to promote total access and full participation for people with disabilities. The process that the Chicago Mayor's Office for People with Disabilities (MOPD) undertook to ensure that other city departments and sister agencies incorporated accessible programs and physical accessibility considerations into their own buildings, programs, and processes is described. Some of the major accomplishments made by the department include the addition of an accessibility review added to the building permit process and a rewrite of the Chicago Building Code that requires more accessibility features in single-family homes and smaller apartment buildings. Examples are given of how thinking beyond the minimum accessibility requirements can better meet the needs of people with a disability. PMID:18430670
Hanson, David
This article examines the place of religion in the narratives of mothers of children with fragile X syndrome. In semistructured interviews, a majority of women combined narratives of religious practice with illness narratives, interpreting their childrenÆs disabilities within a religious framework. Informed by Arthur FrankÆs (1995) concept of ōwounded storytellers,ö the authors articulate a reconciliation narrative that mothers commonly used to describe their transition from viewing disability as a burden or challenge to seeing it as a blessing, or as a part of GodÆs purpose or plan for their lives. The authors discuss the significance of narrative for better understanding religious perspectives on disability and conclude with the implications of these findings for practitioners and future research.
Application of Mobile-ip to Space and Aeronautical Networks
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is interested in applying mobile Internet protocol (mobile-ip) technologies to its space and aeronautics programs. In particular, mobile-ip will play a major role in the Advanced Aeronautic Transportation Technology (AAT-F), the Weather Information Communication (WINCOMM), and the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) aeronautics programs. This paper describes mobile-ip and mobile routers--in particular, the features, capabilities, and initial performance of the mobile router are presented. The application of mobile-router technology to NASA's space and aeronautics programs is also discussed.
Leung, Kent; Shell, Dan; Ivancic, William D.; Stewart, David H.; Bell, Terry L.; Kachmar, Brian A.
Description and performance of a digital mobile satellite terminal
A major goal of the Mobile Satellite Experiment (MSAT-X) program at the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) is the development of an advanced digital terminal for use in land mobile satellite communication. The terminal has been developed to minimize the risk of applying advanced technologies to future commercial mobile satellite systems (MSS). Testing with existing L band satellites was performed in fixed, land mobile and aeronautical mobile environments. JPL's development and tests of its mobile terminal have demonstrated the viability of narrowband digital voice communications in a land mobile environment through geostationary satellites. This paper provides a consolidated description of the terminal architecture and the performance of its individual elements.
Lay, N.; Jedrey, T.; Parkyn, J.; Divsalar, D.
Astronomical activities with disabled people
As we celebrate the International Year of Astronomy, we have been working on four different projects with the goal of making astronomy more accessible to people with special needs. These projects are 1) an astronomy book and web site for blind people, 2) an open source software for people with motor disabilities, 3) a planetarium program for the visually impaired and 4) educational material for intellectually disabled people.
Ortiz-Gil, Amelia; Blay, Pere; Gallego Calvente, A. Teresa; G¾mez, Miquel; Guirado, Josķ Carlos; Lanzara, Mariana; MartĒnez N·±ez, Silvia
Driving experiences of disabled drivers
Objective: To study the influence of non-standard controls on return to driving after disability, including prevalence of accidents\\/retraining difficulties.Design: Postal questionnaires sent within two years of assessment to 972 disabled drivers seen over a three-year period.Setting: Scottish Driving Assessment Service.Subjects: All patients considered capable of driving after assessment during the study period.Results: Five hundred and eighty-nine people (61%) replied who
R S Prasad; J Hunter; J Hanley
Mobile Agent Middleware for Mobile Computing
Mobile computing requires an advanced infrastructure that integrates suitable support protocols, mechanisms, and tools. This mobility middleware should dynamically reallocate and trace mobile users and terminals and permit communication and coordination of mobile entities. In addition, open and untrusted environments must overcome system heterogeneity and grant the appropriate security level. Solutions to these issues require compliance with standards to interoperate
Paolo Bellavista; Antonio Corradi; Cesare Stefanelli
Anchored mobilities: mobile technology and transnational migration
Mobile technologies are deployed into diverse social, cultural, political and geographic settings, and incorporated into diverse forms of personal and collective mobility. We present an ethnography of transnational Thai retirees and their uses of mobile technology, highlighting forms of mobility that are spatially, temporally, and infrastructurally anchored, and concepts of the house as a kinship network that may be globally
Amanda Williams; Ken Anderson; Paul Dourish
Mobile phone-induced honeybee worker piping
The worldwide maintenance of the honeybee has major ecological, economic, and political implications. In the present study,\\u000a electromagnetic waves originating from mobile phones were tested for potential effects on honeybee behavior. Mobile phone\\u000a handsets were placed in the close vicinity of honeybees. The sound made by the bees was recorded and analyzed. The audiograms\\u000a and spectrograms revealed that active mobile
Daniel Favre
Recent trends in assistive technology for mobility
Loss of physical mobility makes maximal participation in desired activities more difficult and in the worst case fully prevents participation. This paper surveys recent work in assistive technology to improve mobility for persons with a disability, drawing on examples observed during a tour of academic and industrial research sites in Europe. The underlying theme of this recent work is a more seamless integration of the capabilities of the user and the assistive technology. This improved integration spans diverse technologies, including powered wheelchairs, prosthetic limbs, functional electrical stimulation, and wearable exoskeletons. Improved integration is being accomplished in three ways: 1) improving the assistive technology mechanics; 2) improving the user-technology physical interface; and 3) sharing of control between the user and the technology. We provide an overview of these improvements in user-technology integration and discuss whether such improvements have the potential to be transformative for people with mobility impairments.
Childhood disablement and family incomes.
Data on the incomes of families with a severely disabled child were obtained by replicating the Family Expenditure Survey. These data were compared with income data from a control group of families with children, drawn from the FES for the same period. The participation rates, hours, and earnings of the women with a disabled child were all found to be substantially lower than those of women in the control group, differences between the samples increasing with the age of the youngest child. The earnings of men with a disabled child were also lower than those of men in the control group, though differences were more pronounced among non-manual workers. Loss of parental earnings was not made good by social security benefits paid on account of disablement. In general the incomes of the families with a disabled child were lower than those of the control families, the magnitude of the differences increasing with family income and the age of the youngest child. Nevertheless, one group of families with a disabled child--manual workers whose youngest child was under 5--had slightly higher incomes than similar families in the control group.
Baldwin, S; Godfrey, C; Staden, F
The Use of SCTP Failover Mechanism for Efficient Network Handover on Mobile IPv6
In the near future, mobile communication will become majority on the Internet according to quick progress of wireless technology and mobility protocols. Mobile IPv6 has been standardized at IETF and almost ready to deploy on the Internet. However, handover technology of Mobile IPv6 is still under development. Since Mobile IPv6 does not specify optimized handover mechanism, it takes certain period
Ryuji Wakikawa; Yoshifumi Nishida; J. Murai
A Psychiatric Primer for Programs Serving People with Developmental Disabilities. Monograph #101.
Intended for personnel in programs serving persons with developmental disabilities, the booklet provides basic information about the major psychiatric disorders and their treatment. Five sections cover: the major disorders; medications--uses and problems; assessment; cooordination of services; and psychiatric emergencies. Major disorders such asģ
Dal Pozzo, Earlene; Bernstein, Gail S.
In this hands-on OLogy activity, kids learn about matter by building their own models of carbon out of pipe cleaners, wire, and clay. The activity begins with a kid-friendly introduction to matter, elements, and atoms. The illustrated, step-by-step directions show how to use the information about carbon on the Periodic Table to create a mobile that shows the element's basic structure. A PDF version of the Periodic Table, along with a kid-friendly overview of how to read it, is also included.
SUMMARY Measurement of Disability is one of the off-shoot projects of the major multicentred study on æFactors Affecting Course and Outcome of SchizophreniaÆ being held at Madras, Vellore and Lucknow. As part of this study, modification of the Disability Assessment Schedule (II) was carried out at the Madras centre. Certain items of the DAS were deleted and the rest were regrouped into 4 main areas of personal, social, occupational and global disability. This modified instrument called the Schedule for Assessment of Psychiatric Disability (SAPD) was administered to 30 patients each of the 3 groups of psychoses, neurotics and diabetics. It was found that the SAPD effectively discriminated the psychotic group from the other 2 groups. The authors recommend this instrument for measurement of disability in an outpatient psychiatric population.
Thara, R.; Rajkumar, S.; Valecha, V.
Mobile Agent System for Network Topology Discovery
Current trend of increasing use of mobile devices such as PDA, Laptop, and intelligent cell phones etc., has given increased interest in wireless and mobile networks. The cost and complexity associated with infrastructure based wireless networking is leading researchers to investigate ad hoc networks. Managing ad hoc network is significantly different than managing infrastructred network. One of the major challenges
Adnan Ahmed; Behrouz H. Far
Barriers and Facilitators to Community Mobility for Assistive Technology Users
Mobility is frequently described in terms of individual body function and structures however contemporary views of disability also recognise the role of environment in creating disability. Aim. To identify consumer perspectives regarding barriers and facilitators to optimal mobility for a heterogeneous population of impaired Victorians who use assistive technology in their daily lives. Method. An accessible survey investigated the impact of supports or facilitators upon actual and desired life outcomes and health-related quality of life, from 100?AT users in Victoria, Australia. This paper reports upon data pertaining to community mobility. Results. A range of barriers and enablers to community mobility were identified including access to AT devices, environmental interventions, public transport, and inclusive community environs. Substantial levels of unmet need result in limited personal mobility and community participation. Outcomes fall short of many principles enshrined in current policy and human rights frameworks. Conclusion. AT devices as well as accessible and inclusive home and community environs are essential to maximizing mobility for many. Given the impact of the environment upon the capacity of individuals to realise community mobility, this raises the question as to whether rehabilitation practitioners, as well as prescribing AT devices, should work to build accessible communities via systemic advocacy.
Layton, Natasha
Strategies in disability management. Corporate disability management programs implemented at the work site.
Managers are challenged to demonstrate all programs as economically essential to the business, generating an appreciable return on investment. Further challenge exists to blend and integrate clinical and business objectives in program development. Disability management programs must be viewed as economically essential to the financial success of the business to assure management support for clinical interventions and return-to-work strategies essential for a successful program. This paper discusses a disability management program integrating clinical and business goals and objectives in return-to-work strategies to effect positive clinical, social-cultural, and business results. Clinical, educational, social, and economic challenges in the development, implementation, and continued management of a disability program at a large corporation with multiple global work sites are defined. Continued discussion addresses the effective clinical interventions and educational strategies utilized successfully within the workplace environment in response to each defined challenge. A multiple disciplinary team approach, clinical and business outcome measures, and quality assurance indicators are discussed as major program components. This article discusses a successful program approach focusing on business process and methodology. These parameters are used to link resources to strategy, developing a product for implementing and managing a program demonstrating economic value added through effective clinical medical case management. PMID:10842646
Kalina, C M
Analysis of Two Major Intracellular Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) in Mast Cells Reveals Crucial Contribution of Cytosolic PLA2?, Not Ca2+-independent PLA2?, to Lipid Mobilization in Proximal Mast Cells and Distal Fibroblasts*
Mast cells release a variety of mediators, including arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, to regulate allergy, inflammation, and host defense, and their differentiation and maturation within extravascular microenvironments depend on the stromal cytokine stem cell factor. Mouse mast cells express two major intracellular phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), namely group IVA cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2?) and group VIA Ca2+-independent PLA2 (iPLA2?), and the role of cPLA2? in eicosanoid synthesis by mast cells has been well documented. Lipidomic analyses of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) lacking cPLA2? (Pla2g4a?/?) or iPLA2? (Pla2g6?/?) revealed that phospholipids with AA were selectively hydrolyzed by cPLA2?, not by iPLA2?, during Fc?RI-mediated activation and even during fibroblast-dependent maturation. Neither Fc?RI-dependent effector functions nor maturation-driven phospholipid remodeling was impaired in Pla2g6?/? BMMCs. Although BMMCs did not produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the AA released by cPLA2? from BMMCs during maturation was converted to PGE2 by microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in cocultured fibroblasts, and accordingly, Pla2g4a?/? BMMCs promoted microenvironmental PGE2 synthesis less efficiently than wild-type BMMCs both in vitro and in vivo. Mice deficient in mPGES-1 (Ptges?/?) had an augmented local anaphylactic response. These results suggest that cPLA2? in mast cells is functionally coupled, through the AA transfer mechanism, with stromal mPGES-1 to provide anti-anaphylactic PGE2. Although iPLA2? is partially responsible for PGE2 production by macrophages and dendritic cells, it is dispensable for mast cell maturation and function.
Ueno, Noriko; Taketomi, Yoshitaka; Yamamoto, Kei; Hirabayashi, Tetsuya; Kamei, Daisuke; Kita, Yoshihiro; Shimizu, Takao; Shinzawa, Koei; Tsujimoto, Yoshihide; Ikeda, Kazutaka; Taguchi, Ryo; Murakami, Makoto
Ambient Groups and Mobility Types
. We add name groups and group creation to the typed ambientcalculus. Group creation is surprisingly interesting: it has the effectof statically preventing certain communications, and can thus block theaccidental or malicious escape of capabilities that is a major concern inpractical systems. Moreover, ambient groups allow us to refine our earlierwork on type systems for ambient mobility. We present type
Luca Cardelli; Giorgio Ghelli; Andrew D. Gordon
Childhood disability and socio-economic circumstances in low and middle income countries: systematic review
Background The majority of children with disability live in low and middle income (LAMI) countries. Although a number of important reviews of childhood disability in LAMI countries have been published, these have not, to our knowledge, addressed the association between childhood disability and the home socio-economic circumstances (SEC). The objective of this study is to establish the current state of knowledge on the SECs of children with disability and their households in LAMI countries through a systematic review and quality assessment of existing research. Methods Electronic databases (MEDLINE; EMBASE; PUBMED; Web of Knowledge; PsycInfo; ASSIA; Virtual Health Library; POPLINE; Google scholar) were searched using terms specific to childhood disability and SECs in LAMI countries. Publications from organisations including the World Bank, UNICEF, International Monetary Fund were searched for. Primary studies and reviews from 1990 onwards were included. Studies were assessed for inclusion, categorisation and quality by 2 researchers. Results 24 primary studies and 13 reviews were identified. Evidence from the available literature on the association between childhood disability and SECs was inconsistent and inconclusive. Potential mechanisms by which poverty and low household SEC may be both a cause and consequence of disability are outlined in the reviews and the qualitative studies. The association of poor SECs with learning disability and behaviour problems was the most consistent finding and these studies had low/medium risk of bias. Where overall disability was the outcome of interest, findings were divergent and many studies had a high/medium risk of bias. Qualitative studies were methodologically weak. Conclusions This review indicates that, despite socially and biologically plausible mechanisms underlying the association of low household SEC with childhood disability in LAMI countries, the empirical evidence from quantitative studies is inconsistent and contradictory. There is evidence for a bidirectional association of low household SEC and disability and longitudinal data is needed to clarify the nature of this association.
An Exploration of Learning Disabilities in Four Countries: Implications for Test Development and Use in Developing Countries
Tests often are used to assist in assessing common childhood disabilities and disorders (e.g., mental retardation). Learning disabilities and difficulties (LD) constitute the plurality, even the majority, of school-related disorders in many countries. However, tests and other assessment methods to assess LD are not available universally and, amongģ
Oakland, Thomas; Mpofu, Elias; Gregoire, Jacques; Faulkner, Michael
Arkansas Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Enhancing Employability of People with Disabilities. Annual Report Number Thirty-Two.
This report describes major activities and accomplishments of the Arkansas Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Enhancing Employability of Individuals with Disabilities from May 15, 1996 through May 14, 1997. The Center has a 5-year contract in the priority area of enhancing employability of individuals with severe disabilities. Theģ
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Rehabilitation Research and Training Center.
Association of Stroke With Dementia, Cognitive Impairment, and Functional Disability in the Very Old A Population-Based Study
Background and PurposeŚStroke is a major cause of disability in the elderly and is also related to the development of dementia, which is another important source of disability in old age. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential impact of stroke on cognitive and functional status in a community-based cohort of individuals aged 75 years and
Li Zhu; Laura Fratiglioni; Zhenchao Guo; Hedda Aguero-Torres; Bengt Winblad; Matti Viitanen
Illiteracy among Adults with Disabilities in the Developing World: A Review of the Literature and a Call for Action
In the early 1990s, UNESCO estimated that perhaps 97% of the world's 650 million disabled persons were unable to read or write, leading to significant efforts throughout the developing world to ensure that all children with disabilities attended school through "inclusive education" programmes. But what of the vast majority of persons withģ
Groce, Nora Ellen; Bakhshi, Parul
Development of Parents' Own Child Scale of the Greek Sexuality Attitudes Questionnaire - Learning Disabilities (GSAQ-LD)
The issue of sexuality is a major concern for parents of children with learning disability and causes them great anxiety. Due to the lack of large-scale studies examining parental attitudes towards the sexuality of people with learning disability in Greece, it was decided to develop and evaluate a culturally appropriate instrument to use with Greek parents. Thus, the Parents' Own
Joanna Karellou
Disability and its effects on quality of life among older people living in Antalya city center, Turkey
The problems of older people become more prevalent with aging of the population. Occurrence of disability and its effects on living conditions are two of the major factors that determine the quality of life of elderly people. The aim of this study is to find out the frequency and severity level of disability for people aged 65 and older living
Levent Donmez; Zuhal Gokkoca; Necati Dedeoglu
Swiss Children's Moral and Psychological Judgments about Inclusion and Exclusion of Children with Disabilities
Children's judgments about inclusion and exclusion of children with disabilities were investigated in a Swiss sample of 6-, 9-, and 12-year-old children from inclusive and noninclusive classrooms (NĀ=Ā422). Overall, the majority of children judged it as morally wrong to exclude children with disabilities. Yet, participants were less likely toģ
Gasser, Luciano; Malti, Tina; Buholzer, Alois
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the effects ofTriangle Routing and Mobile IP handoffs on TCPPerformance. The majority of Internet hosts today do notcomply with the considerations for routing optimisation.
N. A. Fikouras; K. El Malki; S. R. Cvetkovic; C. Smythe
Physical Access Barriers to Care for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer Among Women with Mobility Impairments
Objective To explore the perceptions of breast cancer patients with mobility impairments of the physical accessibility of health care equipment and facilities Research Approach One- to two-hour individual interviews, audiotaped Setting Interviews in homes or workplaces or by telephone Participants 20 women with chronic mobility impairments who developed early-stage breast cancer before age 60; 3 recruited from oncologist panels and 17 from informal networks of disabled women nationwide Methodologic Approach Qualitative analyses of interview transcripts to identify common themes Main Research Variables Extent and nature of mobility impairments; concerns raised by interviewees about barriers to care Findings The 20 participants identified problems with inaccessible equipment, including mammography machines, examining tables, and weight scales. Sometimes women needed to insist on being transferred to an examining table when physicians preferred to examine them seated in their wheelchairs. When staff would transfer them, patients feared injury; patients felt badly when clinical personnel were injured during transfers. Other problems included difficulties with positioning and handling patientsÆ uncontrollable movements. Even when clinical sites had accessible equipment, this equipment was sometimes unavailable when the woman arrived for her appointment. Conclusions Women with major mobility problems who developed breast cancer confronted numerous physical barriers during the course of their breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Interpretation With the aging of ōbaby boomers,ö increasing numbers of persons seeking health care services will have mobility impairments. Health care providers should plan proactively to accommodate these patients by considering accessibility whenever they acquire new equipment, renovate older structures, or build new facilities. They should also establish policies and procedures to assure that accessible equipment is available during appointments of people who need it and that staff are trained in safe transferring procedures. Ensuring accommodations and accessibility will benefit not only patients with impaired mobility but also clinical staff.
Iezzoni, Lisa I.; Kilbridge, Kerry; Park, Elyse R.
Child and adult disability in the 2000 census: Disability is a household affair
Background Survey data indicate that individuals with disabilities in the United States often experience less advantageous economic and social resources than individuals without disabilities. Furthermore, they often reside with other individuals with disabilities in the same household. However, less is known about resource availability when multiple child and adult household members have a disability. Objective We use child-level data from the 2000 Census to examine the relationship between aggregation of disability in households with children and education, labor force participation, poverty level, and inadequate housing. Methods We utilize tabular analysis and Kruskal¢Wallis tests to examine how resources in education, employment, income, and housing adequacy compare for children with disabilities who are the only member of their household with a disability, children with disabilities who live in a household with at least one other member with a disability, children without disabilities who live in a household where no other member has a disability, and children without disabilities who live in a household where at least one other member has a disability. Results Among children without a disability, 86% live in a household in which no other member has a disability. Among children with a disability, 53% live in a household in which no other adult or child has a disability. Poverty, inadequate housing, and low adult education were more two times more likely ¢ and adult unemployment over five times more likely ¢ in households with multiple members with disability versus households without disability. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of aggregation of adults and children with disability in households of children with disability. These households have substantially fewer resources than households who do not have disabilities.
Shandra, Carrie L.; Avery, Roger C.; Hogan, Dennis P.; Msall, Michael E.
Disability research in counseling psychology journals: a 20-year content analysis.
We conducted an exploratory content analysis of disability research in 5 major counseling psychology journals between 1990 and 2010. The goal was to review the counseling psychology literature to better understand the prevalence of disability research, identify research methods most often conducted, and elucidate the types of concerns most studied. We searched 5 journals (Journal of Counseling & Development, Journal of Counseling Psychology, The Counseling Psychologist, Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, and Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology) using keywords derived from disability terms defined by the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA). Articles were categorized by methodology and disability category examined. We found that disability research continues to comprise an extremely small amount (from less than 1% to 2.7%) of the counseling psychology literature, with the frequency of articles plateauing in recent years. The research design of articles published has changed, with an increased number of empirical articles and a decrease in literature reviews. We conclude by calling for increased empirical investigation of disability among journals specific to counseling psychology to recognize disability as an important aspect of diversity within the field. PMID:22642267
33 CFR 165.835 - Security Zone; Port of Mobile, Mobile Ship Channel, Mobile, AL.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...Security Zone; Port of Mobile, Mobile Ship Channel, Mobile, AL. 165.835 Section...Security Zone; Port of Mobile, Mobile Ship Channel, Mobile, AL. (a) Definition. As used in this sectionŚ Cruise ship means a passenger vessel...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...Security Zone; Port of Mobile, Mobile Ship Channel, Mobile, AL. 165.835 Section 165.835 Navigation and Navigable Waters...Security Zone; Port of Mobile, Mobile Ship Channel, Mobile, AL. (a) Definition. As used in this sectionŌ Cruise...
...Security Zone; Port of Mobile, Mobile Ship Channel, Mobile, AL. 165.835 Section...Security Zone; Port of Mobile, Mobile Ship Channel, Mobile, AL. (a) Definition. As used in this sectionŌ Cruise ship means a passenger vessel...
Mobility and Aging: New Directions for Public Health Action
Optimal mobility, defined as relative ease and freedom of movement in all of its forms, is central to healthy aging. Mobility is a significant consideration for research, practice, and policy in aging and public health. We examined the public health burdens of mobility disability, with a particular focus on leading public health interventions to enhance walking and driving, and the challenges and opportunities for public health action. We propose an integrated mobility agenda, which draws on the lived experience of older adults. New strategies for research, practice, and policy are needed to move beyond categorical promotion programs in walking and driving to establish a comprehensive program to enhance safe mobility in all its forms.
Guralnik, Jack M.; Jackson, Richard J.; Marottoli, Richard A.; Phelan, Elizabeth A.; Prohaska, Thomas R.
45 CFR 1308.14 - Eligibility criteria: Learning disabilities.
...14 Eligibility criteria: Learning disabilities. (a) A child is classified as having a learning disability who has a...as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, and aphasia. ...child be classified as having a learning disability if: (1)...
20 CFR 416.911 - Definition of disabling impairment.
...THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Determining Disability and Blindness Definition of Disability ┬¦ 416.911 Definition of disabling...impairment is an impairment (or combination of impairments) that causes marked and severe functional limitations. This means...
Proceedings of the Mobile Satellite Conference
A satellite-based mobile communications system provides voice and data communications to mobile users over a vast geographic area. The technical and service characteristics of mobile satellite systems (MSSs) are presented and form an in-depth view of the current MSS status at the system and subsystem levels. Major emphasis is placed on developments, current and future, in the following critical MSS technology areas: vehicle antennas, networking, modulation and coding, speech compression, channel characterization, space segment technology and MSS experiments. Also, the mobile satellite communications needs of government agencies are addressed, as is the MSS potential to fulfill them.
Rafferty, William
Mobile shearography
By reason of their sensitivity, accuracy and non-contact as well as non-destructive characteristics, modern optical methods such as digital speckle shearography have found an increasing interest for NDT applications on the factory floor. With new carbon filter technologies and other lightweight constructions in aircraft and automotive manufacturing, adapted examination designs and especially developed testing methods are necessary. Shearography as a coherent optical method has been widely accepted as an useful NDT tool. It is a robust interferometric method to determine locations with maximum stress on various material structures. However, limitations of this technique can be found in the bulky equipment components, the interpretation of the complex sherographic result images and at the work with non-cooperative surfaces (dark absorber, bright shining reflectors). We report a mobile shearography system that was especially designed for investigations at aircraft and automotive constructions.
Kalms, Michael; Jueptner, Werner
Objective To determine whether peak expiratory flow (PEF), when expressed by a validated method using standardized residual (SR) percentile, is associated with subsequent disability and death in older persons. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting New Haven, Connecticut. Participants 754 initially nondisabled, community-living persons aged 70 years or older. Measurements PEF was assessed at baseline along with chronic conditions and smoking history. The onset of persistent disability in activities of daily living (ADL), continuous mobility disability, and death were ascertained during monthly interviews over a five-year period. Results The mean age was 78.4 years; 63.7% had a smoking history and 17.4% reported chronic lung disease. The incidence rates per 100 person-months (95% confidence intervals) were 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) for ADL disability, 0.80 (0.70, 0.93) for mobility disability, and 0.44 (0.38, 0.51) for death. At a PEF < 10th SR-percentile, identifying nearly a quarter of the cohort, hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for multiple confounders, including age, smoking, and chronic lung disease, demonstrated an increased risk of ADL disability (HR [95% confidence interval]: 1.79 [1.23, 2.62]), mobility disability (1.89 [1.15, 3.10]), and death (2.31 [1.29, 4.12]). Conclusion In our elderly cohort, we found that a diminished PEF, when expressed as an SR-percentile, is independently associated with subsequent disability and death. These results support the use of PEF as a potentially valuable risk assessment tool among community-living older persons.
Vaz Fragoso, Carlos A.; Gahbauer, Evelyne A.; Van Ness, Peter H.; Concato, John; Gill, Thomas M.
Bone quality in older adults with intellectual disabilities.
Although osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease leading to increased risk of fracture, it has rarely been investigated on a large scale in older people with intellectual disabilities (ID). In this study, 768 persons with ID (aged?50 years) were measured with quantitative ultrasound to determine the prevalence of low bone quality. The association of low bone quality with patient characteristics, mobility, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), prior fractures, anticonvulsant drug use, intake of calcium, and vitamin D3 levels was also investigated. The prevalence of low bone quality was 43.9%. Low bone quality was positively associated with female gender, age, more severe level of ID, mobility impairment, and anticonvulsant drug use, and negatively with BMI. In clinical practice, people with ID who are at risk for low bone quality should periodically be screened for osteoporosis and be given advice about nutritional supplements and appropriate lifestyle. PMID:24858785
Bastiaanse, Luc P; Mergler, Sandra; Evenhuis, Heleen M; Echteld, Michael A
Burden of Restraint, Disablement and Ethnic Identity: A Case Study of Total Joint Replacement for Osteoarthritis
Health disparities in total joint replacement have been documented based on gender and ethnicity in multiple countries. Absent are studies exploring the meaning of the procedures among diverse women, which is necessary to fully understand the impact of the disparity. Drawing on ethnographic data from a life course exploration of disablement among Mexican American women with mobility impairments, one womanÆs reasons for forgoing a joint replacement are considered. It is suggested that inequalities in disablement cannot be understood without considering the mulitple cultural conflicts and loyalties that push and pull women in multiple directions.
Harrison, Tracie
Burden of restraint, disablement, and ethnic identity: a case study of total joint replacement for osteoarthritis.
Health disparities in total joint replacement have been documented based on gender and ethnicity in multiple countries. Absent are studies exploring the meaning of the procedures among diverse women, which is necessary to fully understand the impact of the disparity. Drawing on ethnographic data from a life course exploration of disablement among Mexican American women with mobility impairments, one woman's reasons for forgoing a joint replacement are considered. It is suggested that inequalities in disablement cannot be understood without considering the multiple cultural conflicts and loyalties that push and pull women in multiple directions. PMID:21767094
Mobility Times. Volume 7.
Purpose: The Mobility Times periodical is published quarterly by Mobility Concepts Agency (MCA) located at Fort Monroe, Virginia. MCA is a multi-Service organization sponsored by the Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) and the Air Mobility Command...
Mobility Times. Volume 8.
The Mobility Times periodical is published quarterly by Mobility Concepts Agency (MCA) located at Fort Monroe, Virginia. MCA is a multi-Service organization sponsored by the Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) and the Air Mobility Command (AMC). T...
Glare disability in nephropathic cystinosis.
Cystinosis is a rare metabolic disorder in which nonprotein cystine accumulates within lysosomes due to a defect in lysosomal cystine transport. Although cystine accumulates within most ocular tissues, patients with cystinosis generally complain only of photophobia and glare. We measured glare sensitivity in 12 patients with infantile cystinosis and compared their results with an age-matched control population. Ten of the 12 patients with cystinosis had demonstrable glare disability when compared with the control group. Glare disability scores in the patients with cystinosis ranged from 5% to 50%. Dazzle glare resulting from the accumulation of cystine crystals in ocular tissue may account for glare disability seen in these patients and contribute to their complaints of photophobia. PMID:3689190
Katz, B; Melles, R B; Schneider, J A
Disability and health-related rehabilitation in international disaster relief
Background Natural disasters result in significant numbers of disabling impairments. Paradoxically, however, the traditional health system response to natural disasters largely neglects health-related rehabilitation as a strategic intervention. Objectives To examine the role of health-related rehabilitation in natural disaster relief along three lines of inquiry: (1) epidemiology of injury and disability, (2) impact on health and rehabilitation systems, and (3) the assessment and measurement of disability. Design Qualitative literature review and secondary data analysis. Results Absolute numbers of injuries as well as injury to death ratios in natural disasters have increased significantly over the last 40 years. Major impairments requiring health-related rehabilitation include amputations, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries (SCI), and long bone fractures. Studies show that persons with pre-existing disabilities are more likely to die in a natural disaster. Lack of health-related rehabilitation in natural disaster relief may result in additional burdening of the health system capacity, exacerbating baseline weak rehabilitation and health system infrastructure. Little scientific evidence on the effectiveness of health-related rehabilitation interventions following natural disaster exists, however. Although systematic assessment and measurement of disability after a natural disaster is currently lacking, new approaches have been suggested. Conclusion Health-related rehabilitation potentially results in decreased morbidity due to disabling injuries sustained during a natural disaster and is, therefore, an essential component of the medical response by the host and international communities. Significant systematic challenges to effective delivery of rehabilitation interventions during disaster include a lack of trained responders as well as a lack of medical recordkeeping, data collection, and established outcome measures. Additional development of health-related rehabilitation following natural disaster is urgently required.
Reinhardt, Jan D.; Li, Jianan; Gosney, James; Rathore, Farooq A.; Haig, Andrew J.; Marx, Michael; Delisa, Joel A.
Flexible Pre-Majors: Final Report of the Flexible Pre-Majors Working Group
This report provides advice for program areas contemplating the development of a Flexible Pre-Major (FPM) in their discipline. The FPM is another means of aiding student transfer in a system that expects and encourages significant student mobility. The FPM addresses a problematic area for academic students: that of completing the lower level majorģ
FitzGibbon, John; Orum, Jennifer
[Therapeutic and prophylactic care of disabled children under conditions of a pediatric outpatient clinic].
The volume and type of treatment and prophylactic care rendered on an outpatient basis to children during a year is assessed based on a sampling from files of 2083 disabled children living in a large industrial city Ufa. In contrast to the entire population of children, each disabled child receives more visits from doctors at home and visits the health center more often. The majority of visits to the health center are for treatment and diagnosis and for consultations. Local doctors are visited mainly for prevention. The activity of local nurses responsible for follow-up of disabled children is low. PMID:9629006
Khusnutdinova, Z A; Etkina, E I
To address the problem of developmental disabilities among children, CDC, the former Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, which was funded by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and the Georgia Department of Human Resources, initiate...
Predicting Learning Disabilities from Kindergarten Reports
In a study to determine whether learning disabilities can be predicted from kindergarten teachers' anecdotal reports, 37 boys later diagnosed as learning disabled, were selected and their kindergarten class identified. (Author/MC)
Cowgill, Mary Lu; And Others
Outlook for Children with Intellectual Disabilities
... training Preparing children with intellectual disabilities for both lifelong vocational pursuits and as much independence as possible ... Urinary Tract Head Neck & Nervous System Heart Infections Learning Disabilities Obesity Orthopedic Prevention Sexually Transmitted Skin Tobacco ...
Physical Disability and Earthquake Hazard Mitigation.
The report addresses the needs of disabled persons in earthquakes and provides data that will inform public policy in the natural hazards and disability areas. The work recognizes that populations-at-risk are not homogeneous, undifferentiated masses but r...
H. Hahn K. J. Tierney W. J. Petak
Rehabilitation Research on Disability: New Horizons
Presents an overview of research on disability and integrates rehabilitation research with the mainstream of scientific activity. Examples of disability research are given covering spinal cord injury, facial disfigurement, cancer of the larynx, and cystic fibrosis. (Author/TA)
Goldberg, Richard T.
National Center on Physical Activity and Disability
... 07, 2014 At the National Center on Health, Physical Activity and Disability we use several communication vehicles and ... Additional Updates: Get The Facts Jul 08, 2014 Physical Activity & People With Disabilities INFOGRAPHIC May 06, 2014 Inclusive ...
45 CFR 233.80 - Disability.
...functioning of the individual in his particular...his impairment; an individual's disability would usually be...otherwise eligible individual who is permanently...Permanent and total disability may be...
Chartbook on Disability in the United States.
The need for available statistics on disability is growing. Researchers, legislators, manufacturers, and the general public are becoming increasingly aware of disability in the United States. The report is intended as a reference publication on basic disa...
L. E. Kraus S. Stoddard
Patterns of Counselors' Attitudes toward Disability Groups.
Explored the pattern of rehabilitation counselors' attitudes toward four categories of disabled people (alcoholics, mentally retarded, paraplegics, schizophrenics). Found that rehabilitation counselors and related helping professionals maintained preconceived stereotypes about categories of disabled people and that counselors' attitudes toward theģ
Goodyear, Rodney K.
Mobile Usability in Educational Contexts: What have we learnt?
The successful development of mobile learning is dependent on human factors in the use of new mobile and wireless technologies. The majority of mobile learning activity continues to take place on devices that were not designed with educational applications in mind, and usability issues are often reported. The paper reflects on progress in approaches to usability and on recent developments,
Agnes Kukulska-Hulme
Supporting the WWW in Wireless Communications Through Mobile Agents
Mobile computing is considered of major importance to the computing industry for the forthcoming years due to the progress in wireless mobile communications. We present a proxy-based architecture that manages to accelerate Web browsing in wireless Customer Premises Networks (CPN). We discuss how such an architecture is implemented using the IBM Aglets framework for mobile agents. The suggested architecture relies
Stathes Hadjiefthymiades; Vicky Matthaiou; Lazaros F. Merakos
AGENT TCL: Targeting the Needs of Mobile Computers
Mobile computers have become increasingly popular as users discover the benefits of having their electronic work available at all times. Using Internet resources from a mobile platform, however, is a major challenge. Mobile computers do not have a permanent network connection and are often disconnected for long periods. When the computer is connected, the connection is often prone to sudden
David Kotz; Robert S. Gray; Saurab Nog; Daniela Rus; Sumit Chawla; George Cybenko
POM-a mobile agent security model against malicious hosts
Security, especially attacks performed by hosts on visiting mobile agents (the malicious hosts problem), is a major obstacle that prevents mobile agent technology from being widely adopted. Being the running environment for mobile agents, the host has full control over them and could easily perform many kinds of attacks against them. This problem has not been fully solved yet. After
Xudong Guan; Yiling Yang; Jinyuan You
The comparative study of Chinese mainstream mobile learning software
As the rapid development of mobile technology and wireless networks, the application prospects of mobile learning is getting more and more broad. My work aimed at the current four major mobile learning software, Nokia's ōMobileduö, Digidea's ōEnglishtoö, Unbounded Learning's ōDrop Englishö, ōLearneasyö soft to make a comparative analysis of their interface design, technical support and content design. The analysis has
Baojing Zhang; Jing Liu; Jun Han; Hongyun Xu
Mobile Usability in Educational Contexts: What Have We Learnt?
The successful development of mobile learning is dependent on human factors in the use of new mobile and wireless technologies. The majority of mobile learning activity continues to take place on devices that were not designed with educational applications in mind, and usability issues are often reported. The paper reflects on progress inģ
Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes
Analysis of Payment Transaction Security in Mobile Commerce
exchanging financial value using a mobile device in return for goods or services. Security is an essential consideration for mobile payment which can be challenged during sensitive payment information handling or transmission. Comparing to E-commerce, mobile payment has particular security and privacy challenges due to the differences between their underlying technologies. The major difference is that the transport of payment
Seema Nambiar; Chang-tien Lu; Lily R. Liang
Security Issues in Mobile Payment from the Customer Viewpoint
The perception of mobile payment proceduresÆ security by the customer is one major factor for the market breakthrough of the according systems. In this paper we examine security issues in mobile payment from the viewpoint of customers. Based on theoretical research we analyze empirical data from the MP2 mobile payment study with 8295 respondents in order to develop a set
K. Linck; Dietmar Georg Wiedemann
Investigation of Raising Burden of Children with Autism, Physical Disability and Mental Disability in China
The family economic burden of raising autistic children, physical disabled children and mental disabled children were evaluated in China. 227 parents of children with autism, children with physical disability, children with mental disability and normal children were interviewed for children's costs, family income and economic assistance, etc. Theģ
Xiong, Nina; Yang, Li; Yu, Yang; Hou, Jiaxun; Li, Jia; Li, Yuanyuan; Liu, Hairong; Zhang, Ying; Jiao, Zhengang
Effective Laboratory Experiences for Students with Disabilities: The Role of a Student Laboratory Assistant
Two separate experiences with students whose disabilities significantly limited the number of laboratory activities they could accomplish independently has given us a general experience base for determining successful strategies for accommodating students facing these situatiuons. For a student who had substantially limited physical mobility and for a student who had no visual ability, employing a student laboratory assistant allowed the students with disabilities to have a productive and positive laboratory experience. One of the priorities in these situations should be to avoid depersonalizing the student with a disability. Interactions with the instructor and with other students should focus on the disabled student rather than the student laboratory assistant who may be carrying out specific tasks. One of the most crucial aspects of a successful project is the selection of a laboratory assistant who has excellent interpersonal skills and who will add his or her creativity to that of the student with a disability to meet unforeseen challenges. Other considerations are discussed, such as the importance of advance notification that a disabled student has enrolled in a course as well as factors that should contribute to choosing an optimum laboratory station for each situation.
Pence, Laura E.; Workman, Harry J.; Riecke, Pauline
The purpose of this study is twofold. First, in order to guarantee a coherent discussion about mobile customer relationship\\u000a management (mCRM), this paper presents a conceptualization of mCRM delineating its unique characteristics because of Among\\u000a the variety of mobile services, considerable attention has been devoted to mobile marketing and in particular to mobile customer\\u000a relationship management services. Second, the authors
Ali Sanayei; Abas Mirzaei
People with Mental and Physical Disabilities
Culture and economic development influence how disability is perceived, distributed, and responded to. Physical disability\\u000a resulting from disease, malnutrition, and accidents is more common in developing nations than in more developed nations (United\\u000a Nations General Assembly, Resolution 37\\/53, Dec. 3, 1982). Poor prenatal nutrition, obstetric skills, and perinatal care are\\u000a other sources of disability. Once a disability occurs, the affected
Kim T. Mueser; Virginia A. Hiday; Lisa A. Goodman; Denise Valenti-Hein
Mobile Schools for a Mobile World
Overwhelmingly, independent schools are embracing mobile devices--laptops, iPads or other tablets, and smartphones--to enhance teaching and learning. This article describes the results of the "NAIS 2012 Mobile Learning Survey." Among its findings were that 75 percent of NAIS-member schools currently use mobile learning devices in atģ
Booth, Susan
Mobile robot kinematic, dynamic, and mobility
Presents an optimal trajectography planning for a mobile robot in a crowded environment. A dynamic model based on the Euler-Lagrange equations is developed and a mobility estimation function of the robot is considered. This dynamic estimation of the robot mobility takes into account the velocity and the orientation of the robot. Finally, the optimal trajectory search is formulated as a
A. Khoukhi; Y. Hamam
"Managing" Disability: Early Experiences of University Students with Disabilities
Recent UK legislation, operational from December 2006, places a duty on all public authorities, including higher education institutions, to actively promote equality of opportunity for people with disabilities. The university studied here has a number of initiatives in place to develop good practice in this area, but how do students themselvesģ
Goode, Jackie
Some Everyday Life Consequences of Disability and Bereavement for Older Adults
The study analyzed daily event differences between groups experiencing the major stressors of conjugal bereavement and physical disability, and analyzed the association of everyday events with self-reports of mental health for different groups across a 3-month time span. Monthly interviews were conducted with 61 recently conjugally bereaved, 62 recently physically disabled, and 123 matched-comparison older adults between the ages of
Alex J. Zautra; John W. Reich; Charles A. Guarnaccia
Breaking New Ground: a virtual global library service to widen access for people with print disabilities
Only 3-5% of all print based material available to the sighted community can be accessed by people with a print disability. In Australia, over 300,000 people are affected by blindness and low vision. With an aging population over 521,000 will be affected by 2021. The wider issue of print disability affects almost 4 million Australians. The major blindness and print
Tony Iezzi; Julie Rae
Postsecondary Education for Individuals with Disabilities.
This newsletter theme issue contains several articles on postsecondary education for individuals with disabilities. "Supported Education for People with Psychiatric Disabilities...Issues and Implications" (Karen V. Unger) describes three prototypes for postsecondary education of individuals with psychiatric disabilities--the self-containedģ
Dispelling stereotypes: promoting disability equality through film
All too often individuals with disabilities in the popular media are portrayed as people to be pitied or super humans to be admired. Film is one important resource that helps form the publicÆs beliefs and dispositions about people with disabilities. With that in mind a film festival was designed to provide authentic representation of people with disabilities living normal lives
Diane Schwartz; Elfreda Blue; Mary McDonald; George Giuliani; Genevieve Weber; Holly Seirup; Sage Rose; Jeffrey Rosenfeld; Andrea Perkins
The Impact of Childhood on Disabled Professionals
The impact of childhood on success in adulthood has been much researched. This paper discusses how parental expectations, social class, childhood experiences and gender influenced the career success of disabled people. For respondents with congenital disabilities, disability was perceived as a primary factor influencing parental expectations, butģ
Shah, Sonali; Arnold, John; Travers, Cheryl
Reading Disabilities and Aggression: A Critical Review.
This review examines the relationship between specific reading disabilities and aggressive behavior. It finds that there is not enough evidence to conclude that reading disability causes aggressive or delinquent behavior, though limited evidence does suggest that reading disability may worsen preexisting aggressive behavior. (Author/DB)
Cornwall, Anne; Bawden, Harry N.
Identification of Learning Disabled Bilingual Hispanic Students.
The study compared 10 learning disabled and 10 non-learning disabled limited English proficient Mexican American elementary grade children. Six tests were identified as predicting learning disabilities including the Prueba de Lectura y Lenguaje Escrito and the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence. (Author/DB)
Zavala, Jesus; Mims, Joan
Work Shifts and Disability: A National View.
More than one-fifth of employed persons with disabilities work late or rotating shifts, about the same as nondisabled workers. Day workers with disabilities receive lower hourly wages than nondisabled workers. Except for men, nonday workers with disabilities receive wages similar to their nondisabled counterparts. (Contains 27 references.)ģ
Presser, Harriet B.; Altman, Barbara
Systems for Providing Aids for Disabled People.
The report summarizes a meeting of the World Health Organization's Working Group on Systems for Provision of Aids for Disabled Persons. The meeting was convened to discuss technical aids and ergonomic measures to bring greater independence to disabled people and the need to systematize services for the disabled in their own environments. Followingģ
World Health Organization, Copenhagen (Denmark). Regional Office for Europe.
Access to Employment: People with Disabilities.
Reports the findings of Lou Harris and Associates (1987) on what employers are doing to employ people with disabilities and what their experiences with disabled employees have been. Presents strategies that provide a model for addressing the needs of the disabled population and provide them with opportunities. (JS)
Pierce, Patricia A.
Disabled Veterans on the Job Front.
The Disabled Veterans Outreach Program (DVOP) administered by the Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration arranges training and placement for disabled veterans in local job service offices. These employees then assist in placing other disabled veterans on jobs. Some typical DVOP success stories are described. (MF)
Walker, Michael J.
Compensatory Services and Students with Disabilities
Students with disabilities are entitled to a free appropriate public education (FAPE) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). If school officials fail to provide students with a FAPE, the courts may grant appropriate relief. Courts often direct educators to provide students with disabilities with a FAPE and to compensateģ
Osborne, Allan G., Jr.; Russo, Charles J.
Addressing Students with Disabilities in School Textbooks
Inclusive education can help facilitate the inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream schools. Inclusive education has proven to be a key benefit for disabled children as an end in itself and as a means to an end of greater social acceptance of difference and disability. However there needs to be greater awareness-raising measures atģ
Cheng, Karen Kow Yip; Beigi, Amir Biglar
Orientations toward Disability: Differences over the Lifecourse
This article presents the results of a study of differences in orientation toward disability over the lifecourse. The study was based on an instrument developed by the authors, the Questionnaire on Disability Identity and Opportunity (QDIO). This instrument measures two dimensions of disability: participation and orientation. Orientation, in turn,ģ
Darling, Rosalyn B.; Heckert, D. Alex
Homework Practices That Support Students with Disabilities.
This issue discusses homework issues related to students with disabilities and how to ensure that students with disabilities benefit from homework. It addresses communication problems teachers face in assigning homework to students with disabilities and recommendations for overcoming these communication barriers. Strategies are provided forģ
Research Connections in Special Education, 2001
Disability Documentation: Using All the Data
Approaches to disability documentation have long been grounds for contention among postsecondary disability service providers. While the new AHEAD Documentation Guidance seems to be creating the usual intensity and heat among its members, there does seem to be a data-based middle ground. The AHEAD Guidance recommends that disability serviceģ
Shaw, Stan F.
Emerging Technologies and Their Impact on Disability
Technological innovation is transforming the prevalence and functional impact of child disability, the scale of social disparities in child disability, and perhaps the essential meaning of disability in an increasingly technology-dominated world. In this article, Paul Wise investigates several specific facets of this transformation. He begins byģ
Wise, Paul H.
Behavioral Inhibition in Children with Learning Disabilities
Children with reading disabilities (RD, n = 17), mathematical disabilities (MD, n = 22), combined reading and mathematical disabilities (RD + MD, n = 28) and control peers (n = 45) were tested on behavioral inhibition with a Go/no-go task in a picture, letter and digit-modality. In contrast to children without RD, children with RD madeģ
De Weerdt, Frauke; Desoete, Annemie; Roeyers, Herbert
Veterans with Disabilities in Postsecondary Education
Over the past 60 years, veterans with disabilities have been a catalyst in the development of services for students with disabilities in higher education. Current converging factors, including anticipated large numbers of veterans with disabilities enrolling in postsecondary education, Office for Civil Rights directives, and the passage of theģ
Madaus, Joseph W.; Miller, Wayne K., II; Vance, Mary Lee
School Adjustment of Children with Observable Disabilities
In an investigation of school behavior and achievement of 78 10-to 15-year-old children with observable physical disability, Ss from two different disability types (cleft palate and cerebral palsy) were compared with each other and to a control group in order to determine potential similarities across disability types. (Author/CL)
Richman, Lynn; Harper, Dennis
Portrayal of Disabilities in Caldecott Books
The authors read all of the books that received Caldecott Medal and Honor status awarded between 1938 and 2005 and found that 11 included a character with a disability. For each book, they analyzed characterizations of those with disabilities and generated tips for using the book to teach about disabilities. They argue that accurate portrayals ofģ
Dyches, Tina T.; Prater, Mary Anne; Jenson, Jennifer
Temporal Structure of Adaptation to Disability.
Used cross-sectional design to collect data on phases of adaptation to disability as measured by the Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory among 112 inpatients and 92 outpatients at rehabilitation facilities. Results generally support the existence of a psychosocial adaptation process to physical disability. Incongruities between theģ
Livneh, Hanoch; Antonak, Richard F.
Association of Psychotherapy with Disability Benefit Claim Closure among Patients Disabled Due to Depression
Background Depression is the most frequent reason for receiving disability benefits in North America, and treatment with psychotherapy is often funded by private insurers. No studies have explored the association between the provision of psychotherapy for depression and time to claim closure. Methods Using administrative data from a Canadian disability insurer, we evaluated the association between the provision of psychotherapy and short-term disability (STD) and long-term disability (LTD) claim closure by performing Cox proportional hazards regression. Results We analyzed 10,508 STD and 10,338 LTD claims for depression. In our adjusted analyses, receipt of psychotherapy was associated with longer time to STD closure (HR [99% CI]?=?0.81 [0.68 to 0.97]) and faster LTD claim closure (1.42 [1.33 to 1.52]). In both STD and LTD, older age (0.90 [0.88 to 0.92] and 0.83 [0.80 to 0.85]), per decade), a primary diagnosis of recurrent depression versus non-recurrent major depression (0.78 [0.69 to 0.87] and 0.80 [0.72 to 0.89]), a psychological secondary diagnosis (0.90 [0.84 to 0.97] and 0.66 [0.61 to 0.71]), or a non-psychological secondary diagnosis (0.81 [0.73 to 0.90] and 0.77 [0.71 to 0.83]) versus no secondary diagnosis, and an administrative services only policy ([0.94 [0.88 to 1.00] and 0.87 [0.75 to 0.996]) or refund policy (0.86 [0.80 to 0.92] and 0.73 [0.68 to 0.78]) compared to non-refund policy claims were independently associated with longer time to STD claim closure. Conclusions We found, paradoxically, that receipt of psychotherapy was independently associated with longer time to STD claim closure and faster LTD claim closure in patients with depression. We also found multiple factors that were predictive of time to both STD and LTD claim closure. Our study has limitations, and well-designed prospective studies are needed to establish the effect of psychotherapy on disabling depression.
Ebrahim, Shanil; Guyatt, Gordon H.; Walter, Stephen D.; Heels-Ansdell, Diane; Bellman, Marg; Hanna, Steven E.; Patelis-Siotis, Irene; Busse, Jason W.
Home-delivered Problem Adaptation Therapy (PATH) for Depressed, Cognitively Impaired, Disabled Elders: A Preliminary Study
Objectives This preliminary study examines the efficacy of 12-week home-delivered Problem Adaptation Therapy (PATH) vs. home-delivered Supportive Therapy (ST) in reducing depression and disability in 30 depressed, cognitively impaired, disabled older adults. Design A 12-week randomized clinical trial. Research assistants were unaware of the participants' randomization status. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Setting Weill Cornell - Advanced Center for Interventions and Services Research (ACISR). Participants Thirty elders with major depression, cognitive impairment, and disability were recruited through advertisement and the Home-Delivered Meals Program of the Westchester County Department of Senior Programs and Services. Intervention PATH is a home-delivered intervention designed to reduce depression and disability in depressed, cognitively impaired, disabled elders. PATH is based on Problem Solving Therapy (PST) and integrates environmental adaptation and caregiver participation. PATH is consistent with Lawton's ecological model of adaptive functioning in aging. Measurements Depression and disability were measured with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ¢ 24 items and Sheehan Disability Scale, respectively. Client Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to assess patient satisfaction with treatment. Results Mixed-effects model analyses revealed that PATH was more efficacious than ST in reducing depression and disability at 12 weeks. Participants in both treatment groups were satisfied with treatment. Conclusions This preliminary study suggests that PATH is well accepted and efficacious in depressed elders with major depression, cognitive impairment, and disability. Because this population may not adequately respond to antidepressant medication treatment, PATH may provide relief to many patients who would otherwise remain depressed and suffer.
Kiosses, Dimitris N.; Arean, Patricia A.; Teri, Linda; Alexopoulos, George S.
Developmental Disabilities and Child Welfare.
This monograph addresses common misconceptions about developmental disabilities, describes the conditions that child welfare workers are most likely to see, provides examples of effective interventions, and stresses the importance of early intervention to promote healthy development. Specific chapters include: (1) "Understanding Developmentalģ
Rycus, Judith S.; Hughes, Ronald C.
Intellectual Disability and Spiritual Development
Linking the concepts of intellectual disability and spiritual development creates a challenging mixture of sociological and theological issues. Formal definitions of the concepts can be less than conclusive but it remains a fundamental issue to consider if there may be some minimal level of intellectual competence below which it is not feasible toģ
Watts, Graeme
Information Technology and Disabilities, 1997.
Articles published during 1997 include: "The Multi-Disability Workstation for Small Libraries" (Dick Banks and Steve Noble); "Talking Books: Toward a Digital Model" (John Cookson and others); "World Wide Access: Focus on Libraries" (Sheryl Burgstahler); "The Virtual Library: Collaborative Data Exchange and Electronic Text Delivery" (Steve Noble);ģ
McNulty, Tom, Ed.
ICT helps to overcome disabilities
As a result of technological progress ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) has created the so-called ŌĆ×digital divideŌĆ£. Some people are unable to individually respond to this progress, but the proper use of ICT can help them overcome this handicap. One of the possibilities is to create accessible and usable applications depending on the character and level of disability. In accordance
Petr Benda; Zdenek Havlicek; Vaclav Lohr; M. Havranek
Accommodating Workers with Mental Disabilities.
NEC America prepares its employees to train severely disabled co-workers. Three characteristics of the training are (1) the right type and amount of assistance; (2) measurement of degrees of learning; and (3) reinforcement of what has been learned. (SK)
Mank, David; And Others
Hidden Disabilities: Another Diverse Population
This article, from the "Journal of College Admission's" Special Diversity Issue, which in its entirety has won the 1997 Muir Award, discusses various misconceptions regarding individuals with multiple learning disabilities and whether or not these individuals should consider college as an option. The author contends that students with learningģ
Kravets, Marybeth
Disability Discrimination in Higher Education.
Reviews developments in 2000 in the law of disability discrimination as it relates to higher education, which falls into five categories: (1) definition of a qualified individual; (2) accommodations, access, undue burden, and fundamental alteration of programs; (3) intentional discrimination, harassment, and retaliation; (4) Eleventh Amendmentģ
Weber, Mark C.
Help Kids WELCOME Disabled Students
Inclusion of children with disabilities in today's classrooms poses a challenge to teachers, principals, and parents not only to prepare students with special needs for the classroom, but also to overcome the misconceptions of general education students. The author of this article offers suggestions and strategies designed to help principals andģ
Klotz, Mary Beth
Intellectual Disabilities and Hearing Loss
Undetected/untreated hearing loss imposes significant limitations upon individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). It can interfere with cognitive development, impede communicative and social interactions, and limit vocational aspirations. Over the past decade, the hearing of 9961 people with ID was evaluated at Special Olympics sportsģ
Herer, Gilbert R.
Special Educational Needs and Disability
Issues relating to the categorisation and labelling of pupils, and, the use of the terms "special educational needs" and "disability" in particular, have been the topic of debate in "BJSE" before. In this article, Sue Keil, a research officer at the Royal National Institute for the Blind (RNIB), Olga Miller, of the Institute of Education,ģ
Keil, Sue; Miller, Olga; Cobb, Rory
Learning Disabilities: The Decade Ahead.
Presented are ten papers given at a 1974 conference focusing on realistic goals for serving learning disabled children in the decade ahead. Papers have the following titles and authors: "Introduction and Overview of the Problem of the Conference" (W. Cruickshank); "Concepts of Vision in Relation to Perception" (G. Getman); "Motor Activities andģ
Krasnoff, Margaret J., Ed.
Information Technology and Disabilities, 1995.
Four issues of this newsletter on information technology and disabilities (ITD) contain the following articles: "Developing an Accessible Online Public Access Catalog at the Washington Talking Book and Braille Library" (Charles Hamilton); "Assistive Technology in the Science Laboratory: A Talking Laboratory Work Station for Visually Impairedģ
Interactivity in work with disabled
This paper reflects upon a case study where exploration, play and empowerment in interactive therapy sessions with audio and visual stimuli resulted in achievement, self-esteem and a shared pride between a young adult with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD), his mother and the special teacher that conducted the sessions. Following the gift to the mother of a video recording
Stefan Hasselblad; Eva Petersson; Tony Brooks
As we celebrate the International Year of Astronomy, we have been working on four different projects with the goal of making astronomy more accessible to people with special needs. These projects are 1) an astronomy book and web site for blind people, 2) an open source software for people with motor disabilities, 3) a planetarium program for the visually impaired
Amelia Ortiz-Gil; Pere Blay; A. Teresa Gallego Calvente; Miquel G¾mez; Josķ Carlos Guirado; Mariana Lanzara; Silvia MartĒnez N·±ez
Disability, Work and Cash Benefits.
This book contains 13 papers from a workshop convened to explore the causes of work disability and the types of interventions that might enable individuals to remain at work, return to work, or enter the work force for the first time, despite having chronic health conditions or impairments. Following an overview of the papers by editors Jerry L.ģ
Mashaw, Jerry L., Ed.; And Others
Information and Attitudes toward Disability.
Examined effects of two movies, Like Other People and The Music Box, on attitudes as measured by the Attitudes toward Disabled Persons scale. Results indicated more negative attitudes were induced in pretested participants by Like Other People at initial post-test; however, more favorable attitudes were exhibited by participants six weeks later.ģ
Hafer, Marilyn; Narcus, Margery
Self-Appraised Lifestyle Satisfaction of Persons with Intellectual Disability: The Impact of Personal Characteristics and Community Residential Facilities.
A study involving 247 adults with intellectual disability living in group homes, and semi-independent and independent apartments, found residents' personal and behavioral characteristics explained more of the variance of total lifestyle satisfaction than the living arrangement. Participants who did not need mobility assistance or has less problemģ
Schwartz, Chaya
Fiberoptic Intubation Through an I-Gel Supraglottic Airway in Two Patients with Predicted Difficult Airway and Intellectual Disability
A significant number of patients with intellectual disabilities can have difficulties during airway man- agement. The reasons are multifactorial: craniofacial abnormalities associated with some genetic syn- dromes, enlargement of the structures inside the oral cavity and pharynx, complete lack of cooperation, obesity, limited neck mobility or neck instability, and frequent respiratory tract disease.1,2 In addition, air- way assessment is frequently
Pavel Michalek; Philip Hodgkinson; William Donaldson
Analysis of Co-Worker Involvement in Relation to Level of Disability versus Placement Approach among Supported Employees.
A study of co-worker involvement among 264 supported employees found that, of 7 types of involvement, "associating" occurred most often, followed by "evaluating" and "training." Employees in mobile work crews experienced less co-worker involvement than those employed in clustered or individual placements, and more severely disabled employeesģ
Rusch, Frank R.; And Others
Customizing Mobile Applications
The dynamics of mobile systems require applications to intelligently adapt to changes in system configurations and to their environment. We describe a workplace in which users interact with a number of stationary and mobile systems through the course of a day. The relationship between systems and devices is constantly changing due to user mobility. We present a facility for mobile
Bill N. Schilit; Marvin M. Theimer; Brent B. Welch
Development of medical garments and apparel for the elderly and the disabled
The paper critically reviews medical garments with various functions and development aspects. Textiles used and developing technologies are systematically introduced. Medical garment products are described according to three major functions: protective, treatment and caring functions. Although the main theme of this paper discusses products for the elderly and the disabled, it also contains major parts on medical garments, which include
Ng Sau-Fun; Hui Chi-Leung; Wong Lai-Fan
Mobile Agents White Paper
this paper.IntroductionNew productsNew applicationsNew networksAbout "Mobile Agents"Enabling mobile agentsMobile agent paradigmMobile agent conceptsMobile agent technologyProgramming mobile agentsProgramming a placeProgramming an agentUsing mobile agentsMonitoring changing conditionsDoing time-consuming legworkUsing services in combinationThe user experienceHow agents provide the experienceVariations on the themeAcknowledgmentsRelated workReferencesIntroduction
Jim White
A framework for robust mobile robot systems
Fielded mobile robot systems will inevitably suffer hardware and software failures. Failures in a single subsystem can often disable the entire robot, especially if the controlling application does not consider such failures. Often simple measures, such as a software restart or the use of a secondary sensor, can solve the problem. However, these fixes must generally be applied by a human expert, who might not be present in the field. In this paper, we describe a recovery-oriented framework for mobile robot applications which addresses this problem in two ways. First, fault isolation automatically provides graceful degradation of the overall system as individual software and hardware components fail. In addition, subsystems are monitored for known failure modes or aberrant behavior. The framework responds to detected or immanent failures by restarting or replacing the suspect component in a manner transparent to the application programmer and the robot's operator.
Melchior, Nik A.; Smart, William D.
Pattern of disability among persons who availed half-way home-care services for psychosocial rehabilitation
Background: There is dearth of studies related to pattern of disability among persons who availed psychosocial rehabilitation services in India. We studied the pattern of disability among persons who availed half-way home-care services for psychosocial rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: Out of 130 case files of discharged patients, 50 files were randomly selected for data collection. Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Schedule was used to assess the pattern of disability in the sample. Results: The study revealed that only one-third (35%) of the residents had disability in self-care, 41% in communication and understanding and 47% in interpersonal relationship. Overall, majority (76%) of the respondents had moderate level of psychiatric disability at the time of discharge from half-way home. There was no significant relationship between gender and type of psychiatric illness with the level of disability. The overall disability correlated positively with the duration of illness (rs=0.39). Conclusion: Three-fourth of the residents who availed half-way home-care services had moderate level of disability.
Ranganathan, M.; Ezhumalai, Sinu; Praharaj, Samir Kumar
Does the planned long-term care policy in Taiwan meet the needs of people with disabilities?
The long-term care (LTC) insurance policy will be enacted in Taiwan. Under the proposed policy, people with disabilities will have priority in receiving insurance. The aim of this study was to compare the functional statuses of 3 disability groups and to investigate the coverage provided by the planned LTC insurance in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in this study to fulfill this research goal. There were 3239 subjects with physical, sensory, or intellectual disabilities from the Disability Eligibility System during September 2011 and July 2012. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 - 36-item version (WHODAS 2.0) - traditional Chinese version was used to assess their functional statuses. Significant differences in all of the domain scores and summary scores of the WHODAS 2.0 were determined after adjusting for age among the 3 groups. People with physical or sensory disabilities exhibited the most drastic differences in the domain of daily living, and people with intellectual disabilities exhibited major differences in the cognition domain. After matching the planned coverage services, we determined that the planned LTC insurance does not meet the diverse needs of people with disabilities. In particular, social participation and a sense of security and satisfaction regarding the psychological aspects of having a disability must be considered in LTC insurance policies. PMID:24534566
Yen, Chia-Feng; Chiu, Tzu-Ying; Liou, Tsan-Hon; Liao, Hua-Fang; Li, Yi-Shing; Liang, Chung-Chao; Teng, Sue-Wen
Mathematical models in simulation process in rehabilitation of persons with disabilities
The problems of people with disability are varied. A disability may be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental or some combination of these. The major disabilities which can appear in people's lives are: the blindness, the deafness, the limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, the orthopedic impairment, the visual impairment. A disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions. A disability may occur during a person's lifetime or may be present from birth. The authors conclude that some of these disabilities like physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental can be rehabilitated. Starting from this state of affairs the authors present briefly the possibility of using certain mechatronic systems for rehabilitation of persons with different disabilities. The authors focus their presentation on alternative calling the Stewart platform in order to achieve the proposed goal. The authors present a mathematical model of systems theory approach under the parallel system and described its contents can. The authors analyze in a meaningful mathematical model describing the procedure of rehabilitation process. From the affected function biomechanics and taking into account medical recommendations the authors illustrate the mathematical models of rehabilitation work. The authors assemble a whole mathematical model of parallel structure and the rehabilitation process and making simulation and highlighting the results estimated. The authors present in the end work the results envisaged in the end analysis work, conclusions and steps for future work program..
Gorie, Nina; Dolga, Valer; Mondoc, Alina
[Adaptation of the working environment to the capacities of workers with physical, intellectual and mental disabilities].
The occupational activity index among people with disabilities in Poland is still one of the lowest in Europe. Employers' resistance to employ these people is considered to be one of its major reasons. It stems from employers' fear of their low productivity and the need to adapt the work environment to their psychophysical capacities. In addition, the existing system of medical certification of disability does not motivate employers strong enough to adjust the work environment. This paper attempts to specify the main principles of the work environment adaptation to psychophysical capacities of two categories of workers with disabilities: those with motor function disabilities and those with intellectual or mental disability. For the former group of workers, the work environment adaptation may involve modifications of its physical aspects and entail some outlays, while for the latter group, the work environment adaptation is mainly based on the provision of workers with social support (both instrumental and emotional) by their supervisors and co-workers. Efforts associated with the work environment adaptation to the needs of workers with disabilities should, therefore, be considered not only in terms of outlays and enterprise productivity but also in terms of preventing social exclusion of people with disabilities. PMID:22994079
Zo?nierczyk-Zreda, Dorota; Majewski, Tadeusz
Smartphones Enabling Mobile Collaboration
Mobilization of the work-force is demanding new mobile and wireless technologies to facilitate contact between the growing number of mobile eWorkers and organizations. Smartphones incorporating mobile e-mail functionality enable instant access to e-mail boxes and company resources without complex synchronization. A study amongst sixteen German companies was conducted to elicit the influence of mobile e-mail on work-processes and communication. The
Bettina Beurer-zuellig; Miriam Meckel
Mobile IPv6 Security
Mobile IPv6 provides global mobility and location management support for the IPv6 network layer protocol. The design of Mobile IPv6 incorporates security features that differ significantly from its predecessor, Mobile IPv4. Some of the new security features are intended to counter new threats raised by route optimization, while others align Mobile IPv6 security more closely with basic IPv6 security mechanisms.
James Kempf; Jari Arkko; Pekka Nikander
The Impact of Comorbidity of Mental and Physical Conditions on Role Disability in the US Adult Household Population
Context There is limited information that accounts for comorbidity on the impact of role disability associated with a wide range of mental and physical disorders in population-based samples. Objective To estimate the comparative effects of common mental and physical conditions on role disability in the general population using a novel method that accounts for comorbidity. Design Direct interviews about physical and mental conditions during the past year. Setting The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative series of face-to-face interviews. Patients A nationally representative sample of adults living in households (N=5962 respondents, 18 years and older). Main Outcome Measure Disability in major life roles was assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Simulations that allow for complex interactions among conditions were used to estimate the conditionsÆ effects on disability days, when respondents were completely unable to carry out their usual daily activities because of problems with mental or physical health, in the past 12 months. Results An estimated 53.4 % of US adults have 1 or more of the mental or physical conditions assessed in the survey. These respondents report an average 32.1 more role-disability days in the past year than demographically matched controls, equivalent to nearly 3.6 billion days of role disability in the population. Musculoskeletal disorders and major depression had the greatest effects on disability days. Mental conditions accounted for more than half as many disability days as all physical conditions at the population level. Associations of specific conditions with disability decreased substantially after controlling for comorbidity, suggesting that prior studies, which generally did not control for comorbidity, overestimated disease-specific effects. Conclusion The staggering amount of health-related disability associated with mental and physical conditions should be considered in establishing priorities for the allocation of health care and research resources.
Merikangas, Kathleen R.; Ames, Minnie; Cui, Lihong; Stang, Paul E.; Ustun, T. Bedirhan; Von Korff, Michael; Kessler, Ronald C.
Prevalence of disability in a composite >=75 year-old population in Spain: A screening survey based on the International Classification of Functioning
Background The prevalence and predictors of functional status and disability of elderly people have been studied in several European countries including Spain. However, there has been no population-based study incorporating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework as the basis for assessing disability. The present study reports prevalence rates for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability by the domains of activities and participation of the ICF. Methods Nine populations surveyed in previous prevalence studies contributed probabilistic and geographically defined samples in June 2005. The study sample was composed of 503 subjects aged ?75 years. We implemented a two-phase screening design using the MMSE and the World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule 2nd edition (WHO-DAS II, 12 items) as cognitive and disability screening tools, respectively. Participants scoring within the positive range of the disability screening were administered the full WHO-DAS II (36 items; score range: 0-100) assessing the following areas: Understanding and communication, Getting along with people, Life activities, Getting around, Participation in society, and Self-care. Each disability area assessed by WHO-DAS II (36 items) was reported according to the ICF severity ranges (No problem, 0-4; Mild disability, 5-24; Moderate disability, 25-49; Severe/Extreme disability, 50-100). Results The age-adjusted disability prevalence figures were: 39.17 ▒ 2.18%, 15.31 ▒ 1.61%, and 10.14 ▒ 1.35% for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability, respectively. Severe and extreme disability prevalence in mobility and life activities was three times higher than the average, and highest among women. Sex variations were minimal, although life activities for women of 85 years and over had more severe/extreme disability as compared to men (OR = 5.15 95% CI 3.19-8.32). Conclusions Disability is highly prevalent among the Spanish elderly. Sex- and age-specific variations of disability are associated with particular disability domains.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of diabetes and risk of physical disability and functional impairment - protocol
Background Diabetes and increased age are known risk factors for physical disability. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes within our aging population, the future burden of disability is expected to increase. To date, there has not been a pooled estimate of the risk for disability associated with diabetes or its precursor states, impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between prediabetes and diabetes with disability, and quantify the risk of association. Methods/design We will search for relevant studies in Medline via Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), as well as scan reference lists from relevant reviews and publications included in our review. We will review all publications that include studies on human adults (18 years and older) where information is included on diabetes status and at least one measure of disability (Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL (IADL) or functional/mobility limitation), and where a risk association is available for the relationship between diabetes and/or prediabetes with disability, with reference to those without diabetes. We will further conduct a meta-analysis to pool estimates of the risk of disability associated with prediabetes and diabetes. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to assess for publication bias and study quality.Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis will be widely disseminated through discussions with stake-holders, publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentation.
Reducing Hospital Readmissions Through Prescribable Mobile Apps
Quality of care continues to be a major focus for hospitals, especially as major payors like the US government create new standards and regulations for the patients whose lives they cover. In this article, we examine the potential role of mobile apps to help with hospital readmissions.
Fox, Brent I.; Felkey, Bill G.
Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions.
Musculoskeletal conditions are a major burden on individuals, health systems, and social care systems, with indirect costs being predominant. This burden has been recognized by the United Nations and WHO, by endorsing the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010. This paper describes the burden of four major musculoskeletal conditions: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and low back pain. Osteoarthritis, which is characterized by loss of joint cartilage that leads to pain and loss of function primarily in the knees and hips, affects 9.6% of men and 18% of women aged > 60 years. Increases in life expectancy and ageing populations are expected to make osteoarthritis the fourth leading cause of disability by the year 2020. Joint replacement surgery, where available, provides effective relief. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition that usually affects multiple joints. It affects 0.3-1.0% of the general population and is more prevalent among women and in developed countries. Persistent inflammation leads to joint destruction, but the disease can be controlled with drugs. The incidence may be on the decline, but the increase in the number of older people in some regions makes it difficult to estimate future prevalence. Osteoporosis, which is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, is a major risk factor for fractures of the hip, vertebrae, and distal forearm. Hip fracture is the most detrimental fracture, being associated with 20% mortality and 50% permanent loss in function. Low back pain is the most prevalent of musculoskeletal conditions; it affects nearly everyone at some point in time and about 4-33% of the population at any given point. Cultural factors greatly influence the prevalence and prognosis of low back pain.
Woolf, Anthony D.; Pfleger, Bruce
Feasibility of quantitative ultrasound measurement of the heel bone in people with intellectual disabilities
Low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures are common in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Reduced mobility in case of motor impairment and the use of anti-epileptic drugs contribute to the development of low BMD. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement of the heel bone is a non-invasive and radiation-free method for measuring bone status that can be used outside the hospital.
S. Mergler; B. L÷bker; H. M. Evenhuis; C. Penning
Framework for Implementing Data Services in Multi-Service Mobile Satellite Systems.
Mobile satellite systems being planned for introduction in the early 1990s are expected to be invariably of the multi-service type. Mobile Telephone Service (MTS), Mobile Radio Service (MRS), and Mobile Data Service (MDS) are the major classifications use...
M. O. Ali V. C. M. Leung A. I. Spolsky