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Bilateral dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocation: A case report
INTRODUCTION Perilunate dislocations represent one of the most devastating injuries to the carpus. Fortunately, these injuries are relatively rare, constituting approximately 10% of all carpal injuries. One of the problems associated with this injury is the dif?culty of its accurate and early recognition. PRESENTATION OF CASE In this study, an uncommon case of bilateral dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture–dislocation following trauma has been reported. The injury was missed initially and the patient was subsequently operated after two weeks. Anatomic reduction was achieved by closed reduction. After closed reduction, percutaneous pin fixation of the carpus was performed using Kirschner wires. Finally, the scaphoid was stabilized with a headless screw percutaneously. The same procedure was repeated for the other wrist. This was followed by an uneventful post-operative period, with a satisfactory functional outcome at the two-year follow-up, despite non-union of the scaphoid in one side. DISCUSSION The case was examined in detail, and compared to the findings in the literature; observations regarding fracture prognosis were also made. Most authors agree that closed reduction is the initial treatment of choice for trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture–dislocations. In addition, treatment often requires intercarpal fixation within the proximal carpal row. CONCLUSION We believe that closed reduction in these cases should be attempted regarding the potential risks of avascular necrosis and non-union of the affected carpal bones due to open reduction.
Yildirim, Cengiz; Unuvar, Fatih; Keklikci, Kenan; Demirtas, Mehmet
Ultrasound assessment of bilateral symmetry in dorsal Lisfranc ligament.
Bilateral symmetry of the ligaments is a common assumption used as an intrasubject control for clinical diagnosis. The present study investigated the bilateral symmetry of the dorsal Lisfranc ligament (dLL) using ultrasound. Data were acquired from 50 asymptomatic subjects in a seated position at a loaded calf raise machine equipped with a force plate. The testing conditions included low, medium, and high stress at 0° and 15° abducted foot positions. Images of the dLL were captured and measured using a 10.0-MHz ultrasound transducer and custom written MATLAB software, respectively. The data were analyzed using paired t tests to compare the bilateral measurements of the dLL length under all test conditions. The bilateral pooled dLL length was 7.01 ± 1.38 mm and showed a moderate correlation with the foot length and width. No bilateral differences were found in the dLL length under any of the stress loads in the abducted position or under the medium and high stress load in the rectus position. However, the low stress load rectus position demonstrated a significant bilateral difference in the dLL length (p = .005). The smallest bilateral difference was observed at the 15° abducted position under medium stress (measurement error mean -0.062 mm). Our data suggest that the contralateral dLL length can be used as an intrasubject control for clinical purposes. However, we recommend that the dLL length measurements should be taken in weightbearing position with the foot in the abducted position under medium stress (bilateral stance), reducing potential strain-induced asymmetry. PMID:23522739
Marshall, Joshua J; Graves, Nathan C; Rettedal, David D; Frush, Katherine; Vardaxis, Vassilios
Open perilunate injury with lunate revascularization after complete ligamentous avulsion.
Perilunate dislocations are a devastating injury to the carpus that carry a guarded long-term prognosis. Mayfield type 4 perilunate dislocations are rare, high-energy injuries that carry a risk for avascular necrosis (AVN) of the lunate. When AVN ensues and the carpus collapses, primary treatment with a proximal row carpectomy or arthrodesis has been advocated. This case reports a successful clinical result and revascularization of an extruded lunate with open reduction and internal fixation. This type 4, Gustilo grade 1 open perilunate dislocation exhibited complete avulsion of all lunate ligamentous attachments. Management included open reduction and internal fixation as well as carpal tunnel release through a combined dorsal and volar approach. Despite concerns for lunate AVN due to complete disruption of lunate vascularity, a 10-month postoperative clinical and radiographic examination demonstrated no pain with activities of daily living as well as a revascularized lunate. PMID:24876511
Arango, Dillon; Tiedeken, Nathan C; Ayzenberg, Mark; Raphael, James
Open perilunate injury with lunate revascularization after complete ligamentous avulsion
Perilunate dislocations are a devastating injury to the carpus that carry a guarded long-term prognosis. Mayfield type 4 perilunate dislocations are rare, high-energy injuries that carry a risk for avascular necrosis (AVN) of the lunate. When AVN ensues and the carpus collapses, primary treatment with a proximal row carpectomy or arthrodesis has been advocated. This case reports a successful clinical result and revascularization of an extruded lunate with open reduction and internal fixation. This type 4, Gustilo grade 1 open perilunate dislocation exhibited complete avulsion of all lunate ligamentous attachments. Management included open reduction and internal fixation as well as carpal tunnel release through a combined dorsal and volar approach. Despite concerns for lunate AVN due to complete disruption of lunate vascularity, a 10-month postoperative clinical and radiographic examination demonstrated no pain with activities of daily living as well as a revascularized lunate.
Arango, Dillon; Tiedeken, Nathan C.; Ayzenberg, Mark; Raphael, James
Perilunate Injuries, Not Dislocated (PLIND).
Purpose?We reviewed a series of equivalents of perilunate dislocations and fracture-dislocations (PLDs-PLFDs) in which there was no dislocation of the capitate from the lunate on the initial radiographs. We propose to include these injuries as a variant of perilunate dislocations that we have termed a perilunate injury, not dislocated (PLIND) lesion in a modified classification of perilunate injuries. Methods?A review of the records of all acute perilunate injuries and displaced carpal fractures was done in a single-center university hospital wrist surgery unit over a 5-year period. All cases presenting at the acute stage with displaced fractures of scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, or capitate along with scapholunate and/or lunotriquetral dissociation but no dislocation of the capitate from the lunate in the sagittal or coronal plane were reviewed and considered as PLIND lesions. Results?We identified 11 patients with PLIND lesions. Three cases with clinical and radiological follow-up are presented. Discussion?Equivalents of PLDs-PLFDs presenting without dislocation of the capitate from the lunate do exist. These injuries may be overlooked despite their severity. They require both osseous and ligamentous repair. Including them into an existing perilunate injuries classification highlights their recognition and enables a better understanding and treatment of both acute and chronic nondislocated perilunate injuries. Level of Evidence?Level IV, retrospective case series. PMID:24436839
Herzberg, Guillaume
Dorsal rhizotomy for treatment of bilateral intercostal neuralgia following augmentation mammaplasty: case report and review of the literature.
Intercostal neuralgia may develop following breast augmentation. The authors describe a woman who suffered 2 years of severe pain associated with cutaneous hypaesthesia in a T3-T5 distribution. Serial, placebo-controlled T3-T5 dorsal root nerve blocks provided temporary pain relief. The patient experienced immediate and lasting pain relief (34 months) following bilateral T3-T5 dorsal rhizotomies. This case provides anecdotal evidence that dorsal rhizotomy is a beneficial intervention for refractory intercostal neuralgia. PMID:21207497
Dorsi, Michael J; Lambrinos, George; Dellon, A Lee; Belzberg, Allan J
Bilateral phasic increases in dorsal root ganglia nerve growth factor synthesis after unilateral sciatic nerve crush.
The amount of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the L5, L6, and cervical dorsal root ganglia of rats was examined from 1 to 30 days after a unilateral crush lesion of the sciatic nerve and adjacent branches of the lumbar plexus at the level of the sciatic notch. Unilateral nerve crush produced increases in NGF content of lumbar ganglia at 1, 4, and 7-8 days after injury, with increased NGF mRNA at 4 and 7-8 days. Increases in NGF at 1 and 4 days were most pronounced on the unlesioned side while increases at days 7 and 8 were most pronounced on the lesioned side. NGF content increased in cervical ganglia of nerve-lesioned animals at 3 and 7 days after injury and in lumbar and cervical ganglia of sham-operated animals 3-5 days after surgery, with no comparable changes in NGF mRNA. Elevations of ganglionic NGF coincide temporally with some of the alterations in metabolism and morphology which occur in dorsal root ganglion neurons after sciatic nerve crush. However, the bilateral nature of increases in NGF demonstrates that the factor(s) producing the response is not restricted to ganglia axotomized by the injury. The data suggest that ganglionic NGF may be regulated by systemic factors, produced during stress or trauma, as well as by factors from the denervated target tissue and/or regenerating axons. PMID:7843302
Wells, M R; Vaidya, U; Schwartz, J P
Ultrastructural changes in the dorsal motor nucleus of monkey following bilateral cervical vagotomy.
The neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) were of two main types: small (13 X 8 micron) and medium-sized (20 X 13 micron). The latter, which were the predominant form, contained a pale oval nucleus surrounded by organelle-rich cytoplasm. Between one and three long principal dendrites per section profile arose from each of the somata. Both axosomatic and axodendritic synapses were seen on these cells although the latter were more common. No structural changes were noted in the DMN 1-3 days after bilateral cervical vagotomy. Some of the dendrites of the medium-sized axotomized vagal neurons appeared darkened 5-10 days after the operation. With longer surviving intervals, i.e. 21 and 28 days after operation, darkened dendrites were more commonly seen and the cytoplasmic density of these dendrites was dramatically enhanced. Their mitochondria were pale and some of them also showed vesiculation. Both normal and degenerating axon terminals were seen to form synaptic contacts with the darkened dendrites. The degenerating axon terminals were characterized by the clumping of their round agranular vesicles. Both darkened dendrites and degenerating axon terminals were phagocytosed by hypertrophied astrocytes and activated microglial cells. Blood elements infiltrating into the DMN were a possible source for some of the neural macrophages. It was concluded from the present study that the dendrites of the vagal neurons were the first structures to degenerate in axotomy and these were subsequently removed by glial elements. Degenerating axon terminals on the darkened dendrites could represent endings of the central processes of peripheral vagal ganglion cells that had undergone transganglionic degeneration after damage to their peripheral processes. PMID:3711939
Ling, E A; Wong, W C; Yick, T Y; Leong, S K
[Median nerve neuropathy after perilunate dislocation injuries].
Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the frequency and appearance of median nerve neuropathy following perilunate dislocation injuries with respect to the preceding surgical decompression and the clinical outcome. Patients and Methods: 32 patients were followed for a mean of 65 months after surgery for perilunate dislocation, including carpal tunnel release in 13 patients. 10 of 11 patients with clinical symptoms of median nerve affection at follow-up had additionally an electrophysiological examination. Median neuropathy was assumed if 2 or more parameters were pathologic. Patients with and without median neuropathy were compared. The DASH score, pain, wrist motion, grip strength and the Mayo wrist score were used to rate the outcome. Results: In 6 patients, neuropathy of the median nerve persisted since injury in spite of carpal tunnel release in 5 of them. 3 patients showed secondary, delayed median nerve affection. Patients with median neuropathy had a worse result with regard to pain at rest, grip force, the DASH score, and the Mayo wrist score. The difference was statistically significant for pain with activities. Conclusion: Median neuropathy following perilunar dislocation injuries is frequent. It appears rather like a chronic neural lesion than a typical compression syndrome. A primary carpal tunnel release cannot always prevent persistent neural disorders. PMID:24940631
Mühldorfer-Fodor, M; Hohendorff, B; Saalabian, A A; Hahne, M; van Schoonhoven, J; Prommersberger, K-J
Perilunate fracture-dislocation: a continually missed injury.
Five cases of perilunate fracture-dislocation are presented in which the radiological appearances were typical but the diagnoses were initially missed. A simple systematic method of x ray analysis is described. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 4
Sochart, D H; Birdsall, P D; Paul, A S
Isolated volar surgical approach for the treatment of perilunate and lunate dislocations
Background: Volar and/or dorsal surgical approaches are used for surgical treatment of perilunate and lunate dislocations. There are no accepted approaches for treatment in the literature. We evaluated the functional results of isolated volar surgical approach for the treatment of perilunate and lunate dislocation injuries. Materials and Methods: 9 patients (6 male and 3 female patients average age 34.5 ± 3.6 years) diagnosed with perilunate or lunate dislocations between January 2000 and January 2009 were involved in the study. The reduction was performed through isolated volar surgical approach and K-wire fixation, fracture stabilization with volar ligament repair was performed. Range of wrist joint motion, fracture healing, carpal stability, grip strength, return to work were evaluated and also direct radiographs were taken routinely at each control. The scapholunate interval and the scapholunate angle were evaluated radiographically. Evaluations of the clinical results were done using the DASH, VAS and Modified Mayo Wrist Scores. Results: The physical rehabilitation was started at 6th week, after the K-wires were removed. The average followup was 18.2 months (range 12-28 months). At the final followup, the average flexion extension arc was 105.0 ± 9.6° (74.6% of the other side), the average rotation arc was 138.8 ± 7.8° (81.5% of the other side) and the average radioulnar arc was 56.1 ± 9.9° (86.4% of the other side). The grip strength was 0.55 bar; 83.2% that the uninjured arm. According to the Mayo Modified Wrist score, the functional result was excellent in five patients and good in four and the average DASH score was 22.8. The scapholunate interval was 2.1 mm and scapholunate angle was 51°. Conclusion: The clinical and radiological results of the isolated volar surgical approach were satisfactory. The dorsal approach was not needed for reduction of dislocations during operations. Our results showed that an isolated volar approach was adequate.
Basar, Hakan; Basar, Betul; Erol, Bulent; Tetik, Cihangir
Translunate Perilunate Injuries--A Spectrum of This Uncommon Injury
Purpose?To review a series of translunate perilunate dislocations to analyze the, mechanism of injury, diagnosis, management, and outcome. Methods?A literature review and a survey of the International Wrist Investigators Workshop were performed to locate cases. Results?Translunate perilunate injuries are rare. There is a spectrum of severity. The mechanism of injury is usually high-energy, and multiple fractures are the norm. High-energy mechanism, perilunate dislocation, comminuted lunate fracture and delayed presentation greater than 7 days are associated with a higher likelihood of a salvage procedure being required. Discussion?Translunate injuries are a complex variant of perilunate dislocations. Early diagnosis is critical in understanding the complexity of the injury. Lunate fixation should be performed prior to bony and ligamentous stabilization of the proximal row. In delayed or highly comminuted cases, salvage procedures are the preferred option. Including a translunate arc in addition to the greater and lesser carpal arc would lead to a more inclusive classification. Level of Evidence?Level IV.
Bain, Gregory Ian; Pallapati, Samuel; Eng, Kevin
Bilateral volar lunate dislocation- A rare case report*
Volar lunate dislocation is the fourth and last stage of perilunate dislocation. It is an uncommon injury of the wrist and its bilateral occurrence is so rare that only one case has been reported in the literature. We are presenting the second case of this kind of wrist injury, its treatment and outcome.
Zonoozi, Ebrahim; Mazhar, Farid Najid; Khazai, Mehdi; Nejadgashti, Nima
Serotonergic neural precursor cell grafts attenuate bilateral hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons after spinal hemisection in rat
Hemisection of the rat spinal cord at thoracic level 13 provides a model of spinal cord injury that is characterized by chronic pain attributable to hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons. Presuming that this hyperexcitability can be explained in part by interruption of descending inhibitory modulation by serotonin, we hypothesized that intrathecal transplantation of RN46A-B14 serotonergic precursor cells, which secrete serotonin
B. C. HAINS; K. M. JOHNSON; M. J. EATON; W. D. WILLISa; C. E. HULSEBOSCHa
Isolated Dorsal Dislocation of the Lunate
Lunate dislocations are well described in the volar direction as part of the perilunate dislocation, sometimes together with fractures of the other carpal bones or distal radius, as described by the anatomical studies of Mayfield [1]. It is a result of disruption of the complex inter-carpal and radiocarpal ligaments that hold the well conforming carpus in their normal position. Given the strength of these structures a significant trauma is required to cause them to fail. However, we present a case of a patient who not only presented with relatively trivial trauma that resulted in a lunate dislocation, but it was also in the dorsal direction and not associated with any fracture or neurological compromise. In addition, she presented several days after her injury. We treated her with closed manipulation and percutaneous K-wire fixation followed by a short period of immobilisation in a Plaster-of-Paris cast, with rapid return to full duties at work. As many volar lunate dislocations may be missed at presentation, we suggest that in patients with relatively trivial trauma there should also be a suspicion of the lunate dislocating dorsally, which may be treated successfully without the aggressive open surgery usually required in volar perilunate dislocations.
Siddiqui, NA; Sarkar, SP
Translunate, transmetacarpal, scapho-radial fracture with perilunate dislocation. A case report.
A case translunate, transmetacarpal, scapho-radial fracture with perilunate dislocation occurred as a young man drove his motorcycle into the side of a car. Closed reduction was performed initially. Open reduction was performed with a screw in the lunate. Eighteen months later the screw was removed and after two and a half years x-rays revealed no signs of avascular necrosis or arthrosis. The patient fully recovered. This case stresses the necessity of open reduction in cases of complicated carpal fracture dislocations. PMID:4078470
Toft, P; Bertheussen, K; Otkjaer, S
Effects of bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral funiculi and dorsal columns at the level of the low thoracic spinal cord on the control of locomotion in the adult cat. I. Treadmill walking.
1. A quantitative and longitudinal analysis of locomotion was made after bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral funiculi (DLF) and/or the dorsal columns (DC) in the lower thoracic cord (T12 or T13) in five adult cats. All cats were chronically implanted several weeks before the spinal cord lesion to permit the recording of electromyographic (EMG) activity from selected flexor and extensor muscles of the fore- and hindlimbs of each side. This allowed each cat to act as its own control when comparing the pattern and amplitude of EMG activity before and after the lesion. All experiments were also videotaped to allow an analysis of the kinematic changes before and after the lesions. Kinematic data were only analyzed for the side of the cat facing the camera; for all cats this was the left side. 2. After recovery periods of 2-5 mo, wheat-germ-agglutinated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected caudal to the lesion site (normally at L2). The extent of the lesion was verified both histologically and by evaluating the number of HRP-labeled neurons in different supraspinal structures. These analyses showed that the cortico- and rubrospinal tracts (CST and RST, respectively) were completely interrupted, bilaterally, in two of five of the cats; in one of these cats the DCs were also interrupted. In the other three cats there was more variable damage, and the CST and RST were only completely interrupted on the right side of one of these animals. The DCs were completely sectioned in two of these cats. 3. During the 1st wk subsequent to the lesion, most cats had difficulty in supporting their weight and in walking. However, within 10 days all were able to walk, unaided, for extended periods on the treadmill at speeds of at least 0.35 m/s. In the two cats with the complete, bilateral DLF lesions, the animals dragged both their left and right hindpaws along the treadmill belt during the swing phase of the step cycle (paw drag) throughout the testing period of 3-5 mo. In the other three cats, paw drag in either hindlimb was only seen in the 1st 2-3 wk after the lesions, with the exception of the cat with the complete lesion of the DLF on the right side, which showed sustained paw drag in the right hindlimb throughout the testing period. 4. Significant increases in step cycle and swing duration following the lesion were observed only in the two cats with the largest lesions. In all five cats, statistical comparisons of the slopes from a linear regression analysis showed that the relationship between swing and step cycle duration was unchanged by the lesions. 5. Joint angles in the left hindlimb of the two cats with the largest lesions were generally smaller (more flexed) than in the prelesion controls. This was particularly true for the knee and ankle joints. The other three cats showed changed joint angle values for the hip, knee, and ankle only in the 1st 2-3 wk after the lesions. All of the cats, except the one with the least damage to the left DLF, exhibited increased joint excursions at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the left limb throughout the recovery period. 6. There were sustained changes in the coupling between the hip and the knee of the left limb, together with smaller changes in the coupling of the knee and ankle in the two cats with the complete lesions of the DLF. In contrast to the prelesion controls, flexion at the ankle occurred before swing onset in these same two cats. The changes in the coordination between the hip and the knee were associated with changes in the temporal coupling between the hip flexor, sartorius (Srt), and the knee flexor, semitendinosus (St). Despite some improvement, the coupling between these two muscles never fully recovered to the prelesion values. Similar, but smaller, changes in the delay between Srt and St were also seen in two of the other three cats. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED) PMID:8871204
Jiang, W; Drew, T
Bilateral hippocampal interictal spiking and kindling expression in rabbits
The temporal\\/spatial dissemination of interictal spikes among different brain structures was studied during the course of kindling to determine if the long-term dissemination pattern reflects the rate and expression of kindling. The experiments were conducted on adult rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes (dorsal hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, all bilateral, sensory motor and occipital cortices). Rabbits (n = 13) were subjected to
Olga A. Timofeeva; Gary M. Peterson
EMG changes in rat hind limb muscles following bilateral deafferentation
Bilateral section of dorsal roots was performed in 9 adult rats in order to ascertain whether the tendency to extension, the appearance of spontaneous electromyographic (EMG) activity in extensor muscles and other symptoms of postdenervation hypersensitivity after unilateral deafferentation are not due to the sensory inflow from the contralateral limb. EMG activity from the soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA)
P. Hník; R. Vejsada; S. Kasicki
Dorsal column stimulator applications
Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used to treat neuropathic pain since 1967. Following that, technological progress, among other advances, helped SCS become an effective tool to reduce pain. Methods: This article is a non-systematic review of the mechanism of action, indications, results, programming parameters, complications, and cost-effectiveness of SCS. Results: In spite of the existence of several studies that try to prove the mechanism of action of SCS, it still remains unknown. The mechanism of action of SCS would be based on the antidromic activation of the dorsal column fibers, which activate the inhibitory interneurons within the dorsal horn. At present, the indications of SCS are being revised constantly, while new applications are being proposed and researched worldwide. Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is the most common indication for SCS, whereas, the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is the second one. Also, this technique is useful in patients with refractory angina and critical limb ischemia, in whom surgical or endovascular treatment cannot be performed. Further indications may be phantom limb pain, chronic intractable pain located in the head, face, neck, or upper extremities, spinal lumbar stenosis in patients who are not surgical candidates, and others. Conclusion: Spinal cord stimulation is a useful tool for neuromodulation, if an accurate patient selection is carried out prior, which should include a trial period. Undoubtedly, this proper selection and a better knowledge of its underlying mechanisms of action, will allow this cutting edge technique to be more acceptable among pain physicians.
Yampolsky, Claudio; Hem, Santiago; Bendersky, Damian
Self-appraisal decisions evoke dissociated dorsal--ventral aMPFC networks
The anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC) is consistently active during personally salient decisions, yet the differential contributory processes of this region along the dorsal—ventral axis are less understood. Using a self-appraisal decision-making task and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrated task-dependent connectivity of ventral aMPFC with amygdala, insula, and nucleus accumbens, and dorsal aMPFC connectivity with dorsolateral PFC and bilateral hippocampus. These aMPFC networks appear to subserve distinct contributory processes inherent to self-appraisal decisions, specifically a dorsally mediated cognitive and a ventrally mediated affective/self-relevance network.
Schmitz, Taylor W.; Johnson, Sterling C.
Pointing in visual periphery: is DF's dorsal stream intact?
Observations of the visual form agnosic patient DF have been highly influential in establishing the hypothesis that separate processing streams deal with vision for perception (ventral stream) and vision for action (dorsal stream). In this context, DF's preserved ability to perform visually-guided actions has been contrasted with the selective impairment of visuomotor performance in optic ataxia patients suffering from damage to dorsal stream areas. However, the recent finding that DF shows a thinning of the grey matter in the dorsal stream regions of both hemispheres in combination with the observation that her right-handed movements are impaired when they are performed in visual periphery has opened up the possibility that patient DF may potentially also be suffering from optic ataxia. If lesions to the posterior parietal cortex (dorsal stream) are bilateral, pointing and reaching deficits should be observed in both visual hemifields and for both hands when targets are viewed in visual periphery. Here, we tested DF's visuomotor performance when pointing with her left and her right hand toward targets presented in the left and the right visual field at three different visual eccentricities. Our results indicate that DF shows large and consistent impairments in all conditions. These findings imply that DF's dorsal stream atrophies are functionally relevant and hence challenge the idea that patient DF's seemingly normal visuomotor behaviour can be attributed to her intact dorsal stream. Instead, DF seems to be a patient who suffers from combined ventral and dorsal stream damage meaning that a new account is needed to explain why she shows such remarkably normal visuomotor behaviour in a number of tasks and conditions. PMID:24626162
Hesse, Constanze; Ball, Keira; Schenk, Thomas
Bilateral thoracic ganglion cyst : a rare case report.
Ganglion cysts usually arise from the tissues around the facet joints. It is usually associated with degenerative cahanges in facet joints. Bilateral thoracic ganglion cysts are very rare and there is no previous case that located in bilateral intervertebral foramen compressing the L1 nerve root associated with severe radiculopathy. We report a 53 years old woman who presented with bilateral groin pain and severe numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral cystic mass in the intervertebral foramen between 12th thoracal and 1st lumbar vertebrae. The cystic lesions were removed after bilateral exposure of Th12-L1 foramens. The result of hystopathology confirmed the diagnosis as ganglion cyst. The ganglion cyst may compromise lumbar dorsal ganglion when it located in the intervertebral foramen. The surgeon should keep this rare entity in their mind for differential diagnosis. PMID:23908708
Kazanci, Burak; Tehli, Ozkan; Türkoglu, Erhan; Guclu, Bulent
Bilateral Thoracic Ganglion Cyst : A Rare Case Report
Ganglion cysts usually arise from the tissues around the facet joints. It is usually associated with degenerative cahanges in facet joints. Bilateral thoracic ganglion cysts are very rare and there is no previous case that located in bilateral intervertebral foramen compressing the L1 nerve root associated with severe radiculopathy. We report a 53 years old woman who presented with bilateral groin pain and severe numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral cystic mass in the intervertebral foramen between 12th thoracal and 1st lumbar vertebrae. The cystic lesions were removed after bilateral exposure of Th12-L1 foramens. The result of hystopathology confirmed the diagnosis as ganglion cyst. The ganglion cyst may compromise lumbar dorsal ganglion when it located in the intervertebral foramen. The surgeon should keep this rare entity in their mind for differential diagnosis.
Kazanci, Burak; Tehli, Ozkan; Guclu, Bulent
Bilateral zosteriform extragenital lichen sclerosus.
A 35-year-old man presented with asymptomatic eruption on both forearms and lower aspects of the legs for 6 months. The lesions first appeared on his inner aspects of the wrist, the dorsal surface of the hands, and legs and progressed to involve proximal aspects of the extremities. There was no significant past history. On examination, multiple pearly white papules and depigmented atrophic plaques were found bilaterally on the flexors of the arms and the extensors of the legs. The lesions were arranged in a linear manner, following the lines of Blaschko (Figures 1 and 2). The surface of the atrophic plaques was notable for prominent telangiectasia, giving an erythematous appearance. The genitalia, oral cavity, palms, and soles were spared. Systemic examination was noncontributory. Lichen striatus and extragenital lichen sclerosus (ELS) were considered the differential diagnosis. Clinically, the age of the patient, the absence of scaling, and the presence of atrophic plaques and telangiectasia were in favor of ELS. A punch biopsy from an atrophic plaque was performed, and it revealed hyperkeratosis, atrophic epidermis, basal layer vacuolar degeneration, mild lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis, edema, and homogenization of collagen of the upper portion of the dermis (Figures 3 and Figure 4). Histopathologic findings were consistent with lichen sclerosus. A diagnosis of bilateral zosteriform ELS was made. PMID:24933856
Kumar, Piyush; Jha, Abhijeet Kumar; Mallik, Sambeet Kumar; Raihan, Mohammed
Origins of radial symmetry identified in an echinoderm during adult development and the inferred axes of ancestral bilateral symmetry
How the radial body plan of echinoderms is related to the bilateral body plan of their deuterostome relatives, the hemichordates and the chordates, has been a long-standing problem. Now, using direct development in a sea urchin, I show that the first radially arranged structures, the five primary podia, form from a dorsal and a ventral hydrocoele at the oral end of the archenteron. There is a bilateral plane of symmetry through the podia, the mouth, the archenteron and the blastopore. This adult bilateral plane is thus homologous with the bilateral plane of bilateral metazoans and a relationship between the radial and bilateral body plans is identified. I conclude that echinoderms retain and use the bilateral patterning genes of the common deuterostome ancestor. Homologies with the early echinoderms of the Cambrian era and between the dorsal hydrocoele, the chordate notochord and the proboscis coelom of hemichordates become evident.
Morris, Valerie B
Bilateral Subclavian Steal Syndrome
Bilateral subclavian steal syndrome is a rare condition. It is usually due to reversal of vertebral blood flow in the setting of bilateral proximal subclavian or left subclavian plus innominate artery severe stenosis or occlusion. This finding may cause cerebral ischemia related to upper extremities exercise. We report a case of bilateral subclavian steal secondary to total occlusion of the innominate and left subclavian arteries in a patient who presented with cardiomyopathy and flow reversal in the right carotid and bilateral vertebral arteries.
Amini, Reza; Gornik, Heather L.; Gilbert, Leslie; Whitelaw, Sue; Shishehbor, Mehdi
Metastatic melanoma from unknown primary presenting as dorsal midbrain syndrome.
PURPOSE.: Dorsal midbrain syndrome, which is characterized by upgaze paralysis, light-near dissociated pupils, eyelid retraction, and convergence retraction nystagmus, can be caused by compression, ischemia, inflammation, or injury to the dorsal midbrain. Although brain metastases are common in certain cancers, including melanoma, only 3 to 5% occur in the brain stem. We present a case of metastatic melanoma from an unknown primary that initially presented as dorsal midbrain syndrome. CASE REPORT.: After a prodrome of intermittent nonspecific visual symptoms, a 60-year-old male veteran presented with bilateral upgaze paralysis and convergence retraction nystagmus. A single hemorrhagic lesion in the midbrain was causative. An inguinal mass with associated lymphadenopathy was subsequently discovered, and the biopsy from this site revealed malignant melanoma. A primary lesion was never found. The patient underwent surgical resection of the groin lesion and stereotactic radiosurgery for the midbrain metastasis but passed away 6 months after his initial presentation. CONCLUSIONS.: The presentation of bilateral vertical gaze paralysis, especially in the company of convergence retraction nystagmus, light-near dissociated pupils, or eyelid retraction, should raise concern for midbrain pathology. Although metastases to the midbrain are rare, they carry a grave prognosis, especially if melanoma is the primary malignancy, and most treatment options are considered palliative. PMID:23142879
Skarbez, Kathryn; Fanciullo, Lisa
Spatial learning deficits in rats after injection of vincristine into the dorsal hippocampus
In the present study, performance in the Morris water escape task after bilateral lesioning of the dorsal hippocampus induced by the microtubule poison vincristine is discussed as a cognitive deficit model in rats. As we are especially interested in spontaneous or pharmacologically induced recovery processes after experimentally induced cognitive dysfunctions, the model should fulfil a number of criteria. Firstly, a
M Eijkenboom; F. J van der Staay
Dorsal augmentation with septal cartilage.
Deficiency of nasal dorsal projection may be inherent or acquired. Repair is most commonly performed with an onlay graft. When nasal septal cartilage is available, it is the author's preferred source for graft material. It is important to realize that dorsal augmentation is an operation performed for aesthetic not functional reasons. As such, patients understandably scrutinize their postoperative result, and attention to detail in all aspects of the surgery is critical in achieving a favorable outcome. The author's technique for using septal cartilage for dorsal augmentation is presented. Specific considerations include patient selection and analysis, graft harvesting, preparation, and placement, donor-site care, and recipient site preparation and postoperative care. PMID:20567698
Murrell, George L
Dorsal Capsuloplasty for Dorsal Instability of the Distal Ulna
Background?Dorsal instability of the distal ulna can lead to chronic wrist pain and loss of function. Structural changes to the dorsal radioulnar ligaments (DRUL) of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and the dorsal capsule around the ulnar head with or without foveal detachment can lead to volar subluxation of the distal radius e.g., dorsal instability of the distal ulna. Purpose?Is to evaluate the post-operative results of reinstituting distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability through reefing of the dorsal capsule and dorsal radioulnar ligaments, with and without a foveal reattachment of the TFCC. Methods?A total of 37 patients were included in this retrospective study. Diagnosis and treatment was based strictly on dry wrist arthroscopy. In 17 patients isolated reefing of the DRUL and their collateral tissue extension was performed. In 20 patients an additional foveal reinsertion was performed. Postoperative results were evaluated with the DASH questionnaire, VAS scores, grip strength and range of motion. These findings were extrapolated in the Mayo wrist score. The two subgroups were compared. Results?Mayo wrist scores of the whole population had a mean of 73. There was no difference between the group that was treated with reefing of the DRUL only and the group that was treated with a combined foveal reinsertion. Conclusion?This relatively simple 'dorsal reefing' procedure, with foveal reinsertion when indicated, is a reliable method to restore volar-dorsal DRUJ stability with a significant decrease in pain sensation, good DASH scores and restoration of functional grip strength and ROM. Type of Study/Level of Evidence?Therapeutic, Level IV.
Kouwenhoven, S.T.P.; de Jong, T.; Koch, A.R.
Nasal dorsal cyst after rhinoplasty.
Nasal dorsal cyst formation after rhinoplasty is considered a rare complication. These cysts are due to entrapment of mucosal remnants in the subcutaneous space. Meticulous surgical technique aimed at preserving the mucosal lining may prevent cyst formation. Surgical excision with the open approach is a reliable treatment. A case of nasal dorsal cyst after previous rhinoplasty is presented. After four years no sign of recurrence is noted. PMID:8362177
Zijlker, T D; Vuyk, H D
Hypothalamic and Other Connections with the Dorsal CA2 Area of the Mouse Hippocampus
The CA2 area is an important, although relatively unexplored, component of the hippocampus. We used various tracers to provide a comprehensive analysis of CA2 connections in C57BL/6J mice. Using various adeno-associated viruses that express fluorescent proteins, we found a vasopressinergic projection from the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus (PVN) to the CA2, as well as a projection from pyramidal neurons of the CA2 to the supramammillary nuclei. These projections were confirmed by retrograde tracing. As expected, we observed CA2 afferent projections from neurons in ipsilateral entorhinal cortical layer II as well as from bilateral dorsal CA2 and CA3 using retrograde tracers. Additionally, we saw CA2 neuronal input from bilateral medial septal nuclei, vertical and horizontal limbs of the nucleus of diagonal band of Broca, supramammillary nuclei (SUM) and median raphe nucleus. Dorsal CA2 injections of adeno-associated virus expressing green fluorescent protein revealed axonal projections primarily to dorsal CA1, CA2 and CA3 bilaterally. No projection was detected to the entorhinal cortex from the dorsal CA2. These results are consistent with recent observations that the dorsal CA2 forms disynaptic connections with the entorhinal cortex to influence dynamic memory processing. Mouse dorsal CA2 neurons send bilateral projections to the medial and lateral septal nuclei, vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band of Broca and the SUM. Novel connections from the PVN and to the SUM suggest important regulatory roles for CA2 in mediating social and emotional input for memory processing.
Cui, Zhenzhong; Gerfen, Charles R.; Young, W. Scott
Bilateral Optic Nerve Meningioma
A case of bilateral optic nerve meningioma is reported. The onset of the clinical symptoms, at age 27, resembled unilateral optic neuritis with papilledema, leading to bilateral amaurosis with optic atrophy 4 years later. Skull X-ray revealed a 'blistering' type of bone reaction. In the carotid angiogram, the ophthalmic artery appeared quite enlarged and displaced. The CT scan showed a
H. Liańo; C. Garcia-Alix; M. Lousa; M. Marquez; L. Nombela; J. de Miguel
Bilateral Occipital Condyle Fracture
Occipital condyle fractures are a rare finding in trauma victims. Bilateral fractures are even more unusual and have typically been reported in autopsy studies. We treated two patients with bilateral occipital condyle fractures who had only minor symptoms. Anderson and Montesano's classification,1 possible cranial nerve palsies, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare fracture are discussed. ImagesFigure 1Figure 2
Schrodel, Markus H.; Kestlmeier, Ralph; Trappe, Anna E.
Bilateral cochlear implantation.
Cochlear implantation (CI) is the standard of care for the treatment of children and adults with bilateral severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Because the ultimate and continuous goal of CI teams is to improve patient performance, a potential method is bilateral CI. The potential benefits of bilateral CI include binaural summation, squelch, equivalent head shadow for each ear, improved hearing in noise, sound localization ability, and spatial release from masking. The potential disadvantages include additional or prolonged surgical procedure, unproven cost/benefit profile, and the elimination of the ability to use future technologies and/or medical therapies in the implanted ear. PMID:22115683
Wanna, George B; Gifford, René H; McRackan, Theodore R; Rivas, Alejandro; Haynes, David S
GABA-receptor-independent dorsal root afferents depolarization in the neonatal rat spinal cord.
Dorsal root afferent depolarization and antidromic firing were studied in isolated spinal cords of neonatal rats. Spontaneous firing accompanied by occasional bursts could be recorded from most dorsal roots in the majority of the cords. The afferent bursts were enhanced after elevation of the extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]e) by 1-2 mM. More substantial afferent bursts were produced when the cords were isolated with intact brain stems. Rhythmic afferent bursts could be recorded from dorsal roots in some of the cords during motor rhythm induced by bath-applied serotonin and N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA). Bilaterally synchronous afferent bursts were produced in pairs of dorsal roots after replacing the NaCl in the perfusate with sodium-2-hydroxyethansulfonate or after application of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonist bicuculline with or without serotonin (5-HT) and NMDA. Antidromic afferent bursts also could be elicited under these conditions by stimulation of adjacent dorsal roots, ventrolateral funiculus axons, or ventral white commissural (VWC) fibers. The antidromic bursts were superimposed on prolonged dorsal root potentials (DRPs) and accompanied by a prolonged increase in intraspinal afferent excitability. Surgical manipulations of the cord revealed that afferent firing in the presence of bicuculline persisted in the hemicords after hemisection and still was observed after removal of their ventral horns. Cutting the VWC throughout its length did not perturb the bilateral synchronicity of the discharge. These findings suggest that the activity of dorsal horn neurons is sufficient to produce the discharge and that the bilateral synchronicity can be maintained by cross connectivity that is relayed from side to side dorsal to the VWC. Antagonists of GABAB, 5-HT2/5-HT1C, or glutamate metabotropic group II and III receptors could not abolish afferent depolarization in the presence of bicuculline. Depolarization comparable in amplitude to DRPs, could be produced in tetrodotoxin-treated cords by elevation of [K+]e to the levels reported to develop in the neonatal rat spinal cord in response to dorsal root stimulation. A mechanism involving potassium transients produced by neuronal activity therefore is suggested to be the major cause of the GABA-independent afferent depolarization reported in our study. Possible implications of potassium transients in the developing and the adult mammalian spinal cord are discussed. PMID:9582230
Kremer, E; Lev-Tov, A
Bilateral lunate intraosseous ganglia.
An intraosseous ganglion is a relatively uncommon, benign cystic lesion that occurs in young and middle-aged adults. Bilateral and symmetrical lesions of the wrist are rare. Intraosseous ganglia of the carpal bones are uncommon causes of chronic wrist pain. Isolated cases of intraosseous ganglion have been reported most commonly in the lunate and scaphoid. The lunate was most frequently affected, followed by the capitate, scaphoid, and triquetrum bones. Radiolucent lesions in the carpal bones are not uncommon and are often seen incidentally in asymptomatic patients. The differential diagnosis of a lytic lesion in a carpal bone includes unicameral bone cyst, degenerative cyst, fibrous developmental defect, osteomyelitis, and intraosseous ganglion cyst. This article describes a case of bilateral lunate intraosseous ganglia. A review of the literature revealed that bilateral and symmetrical intraosseous ganglia of the wrist are rare, with only 3 other reported cases of bilateral lunate lesions. PMID:20608626
Kural, Cemal; Sungur, Ibrahim; Cetinus, Ercan
Bilateral Parotid Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis of parotid is a rare clinical entity, and cases of bilateral tubercular parotitis are even rarer. We present a case of bilateral primary parotid tuberculosis in a 49-year-old female. The patient received anti-tuberculosis treatment for six months, resulting in complete resolution of the disease. We also review the theories related to the pathogenesis of tubercular parotitis, and propose a novel hypothesis about greater involvement of parotid gland as compared to other salivary glands in primary tuberculosis.
Thakur, JS; Thakur, A; Mohindroo, NK; Mohindroo, S; Sharma, DR
Echinoderms Have Bilateral Tendencies
Echinoderms take many forms of symmetry. Pentameral symmetry is the major form and the other forms are derived from it. However, the ancestors of echinoderms, which originated from Cambrian period, were believed to be bilaterians. Echinoderm larvae are bilateral during their early development. During embryonic development of starfish and sea urchins, the position and the developmental sequence of each arm are fixed, implying an auxological anterior/posterior axis. Starfish also possess the Hox gene cluster, which controls symmetrical development. Overall, echinoderms are thought to have a bilateral developmental mechanism and process. In this article, we focused on adult starfish behaviors to corroborate its bilateral tendency. We weighed their central disk and each arm to measure the position of the center of gravity. We then studied their turning-over behavior, crawling behavior and fleeing behavior statistically to obtain the center of frequency of each behavior. By joining the center of gravity and each center of frequency, we obtained three behavioral symmetric planes. These behavioral bilateral tendencies might be related to the A/P axis during the embryonic development of the starfish. It is very likely that the adult starfish is, to some extent, bilaterian because it displays some bilateral propensity and has a definite behavioral symmetric plane. The remainder of bilateral symmetry may have benefited echinoderms during their evolution from the Cambrian period to the present.
Zhao, Wenchan; Wang, Sishuo; Lv, Jianhao
Echinoderms have bilateral tendencies.
Echinoderms take many forms of symmetry. Pentameral symmetry is the major form and the other forms are derived from it. However, the ancestors of echinoderms, which originated from Cambrian period, were believed to be bilaterians. Echinoderm larvae are bilateral during their early development. During embryonic development of starfish and sea urchins, the position and the developmental sequence of each arm are fixed, implying an auxological anterior/posterior axis. Starfish also possess the Hox gene cluster, which controls symmetrical development. Overall, echinoderms are thought to have a bilateral developmental mechanism and process. In this article, we focused on adult starfish behaviors to corroborate its bilateral tendency. We weighed their central disk and each arm to measure the position of the center of gravity. We then studied their turning-over behavior, crawling behavior and fleeing behavior statistically to obtain the center of frequency of each behavior. By joining the center of gravity and each center of frequency, we obtained three behavioral symmetric planes. These behavioral bilateral tendencies might be related to the A/P axis during the embryonic development of the starfish. It is very likely that the adult starfish is, to some extent, bilaterian because it displays some bilateral propensity and has a definite behavioral symmetric plane. The remainder of bilateral symmetry may have benefited echinoderms during their evolution from the Cambrian period to the present. PMID:22247765
Ji, Chengcheng; Wu, Liang; Zhao, Wenchan; Wang, Sishuo; Lv, Jianhao
Dissociated repetition deficits in aphasia can reflect flexible interactions between left dorsal and ventral streams and gender-dimorphic architecture of the right dorsal stream.
Assessment of brain-damaged subjects presenting with dissociated repetition deficits after selective injury to either the left dorsal or ventral auditory pathways can provide further insight on their respective roles in verbal repetition. We evaluated repetition performance and its neural correlates using multimodal imaging (anatomical MRI, DTI, fMRI, and(18)FDG-PET) in a female patient with transcortical motor aphasia (TCMA) and in a male patient with conduction aphasia (CA) who had small contiguous but non-overlapping left perisylvian infarctions. Repetition in the TCMA patient was fully preserved except for a mild impairment in nonwords and digits, whereas the CA patient had impaired repetition of nonwords, digits and word triplet lists. Sentence repetition was impaired, but he repeated novel sentences significantly better than clichés. The TCMA patient had tissue damage and reduced metabolism in the left sensorimotor cortex and insula. DTI showed damage to the left temporo-frontal and parieto-frontal segments of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and part of the left ventral stream together with well-developed right dorsal and ventral streams, as has been reported in more than one-third of females. The CA patient had tissue damage and reduced metabolic activity in the left temporoparietal cortex with additional metabolic decrements in the left frontal lobe. DTI showed damage to the left temporo-parietal and temporo-frontal segments of the AF, but the ventral stream was spared. The direct segment of the AF in the right hemisphere was also absent with only vestigial remains of the other dorsal subcomponents present, as is often found in males. fMRI during word and nonword repetition revealed bilateral perisylvian activation in the TCMA patient suggesting recruitment of spared segments of the left dorsal stream and right dorsal stream with propagation of signals to temporal lobe structures suggesting a compensatory reallocation of resources via the ventral streams. The CA patient showed a greater activation of these cortical areas than the TCMA patient, but these changes did not result in normal performance. Repetition of word triplet lists activated bilateral perisylvian cortices in both patients, but activation in the CA patient with very poor performance was restricted to small frontal and posterior temporal foci bilaterally. These findings suggest that dissociated repetition deficits in our cases are probably reliant on flexible interactions between left dorsal stream (spared segments, short tracts remains) and left ventral stream and on gender-dimorphic architecture of the right dorsal stream. PMID:24391569
Berthier, Marcelo L; Froudist Walsh, Seán; Dávila, Guadalupe; Nabrozidis, Alejandro; Juárez Y Ruiz de Mier, Rocío; Gutiérrez, Antonio; De-Torres, Irene; Ruiz-Cruces, Rafael; Alfaro, Francisco; García-Casares, Natalia
Dissociated repetition deficits in aphasia can reflect flexible interactions between left dorsal and ventral streams and gender-dimorphic architecture of the right dorsal stream
Assessment of brain-damaged subjects presenting with dissociated repetition deficits after selective injury to either the left dorsal or ventral auditory pathways can provide further insight on their respective roles in verbal repetition. We evaluated repetition performance and its neural correlates using multimodal imaging (anatomical MRI, DTI, fMRI, and18FDG-PET) in a female patient with transcortical motor aphasia (TCMA) and in a male patient with conduction aphasia (CA) who had small contiguous but non-overlapping left perisylvian infarctions. Repetition in the TCMA patient was fully preserved except for a mild impairment in nonwords and digits, whereas the CA patient had impaired repetition of nonwords, digits and word triplet lists. Sentence repetition was impaired, but he repeated novel sentences significantly better than clichés. The TCMA patient had tissue damage and reduced metabolism in the left sensorimotor cortex and insula. DTI showed damage to the left temporo-frontal and parieto-frontal segments of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and part of the left ventral stream together with well-developed right dorsal and ventral streams, as has been reported in more than one-third of females. The CA patient had tissue damage and reduced metabolic activity in the left temporoparietal cortex with additional metabolic decrements in the left frontal lobe. DTI showed damage to the left temporo-parietal and temporo-frontal segments of the AF, but the ventral stream was spared. The direct segment of the AF in the right hemisphere was also absent with only vestigial remains of the other dorsal subcomponents present, as is often found in males. fMRI during word and nonword repetition revealed bilateral perisylvian activation in the TCMA patient suggesting recruitment of spared segments of the left dorsal stream and right dorsal stream with propagation of signals to temporal lobe structures suggesting a compensatory reallocation of resources via the ventral streams. The CA patient showed a greater activation of these cortical areas than the TCMA patient, but these changes did not result in normal performance. Repetition of word triplet lists activated bilateral perisylvian cortices in both patients, but activation in the CA patient with very poor performance was restricted to small frontal and posterior temporal foci bilaterally. These findings suggest that dissociated repetition deficits in our cases are probably reliant on flexible interactions between left dorsal stream (spared segments, short tracts remains) and left ventral stream and on gender-dimorphic architecture of the right dorsal stream.
Berthier, Marcelo L.; Froudist Walsh, Sean; Davila, Guadalupe; Nabrozidis, Alejandro; Juarez y Ruiz de Mier, Rocio; Gutierrez, Antonio; De-Torres, Irene; Ruiz-Cruces, Rafael; Alfaro, Francisco; Garcia-Casares, Natalia
The incidence of bilateral involvement it is generally estimated to be 5% to 10%. It shows association with certain congenital anomalies and it has an increased occurrence of familial cases. The records of 9 children (5 boys, 4 girls) diagnosed at Vall d'Hebron Hospital with bilateral Wilms tumor between 1976-1995 were analyzed. Six patients had synchronous tumors and 3 had metachronous lesions. Genitourinary malformations were present in 4 children and another had hemihypertrophy. Two children were brothers. Eight patients underwent pre-operative radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. Five patients had nephrectomy on one side (3 of them had metachronous presentation) and partial nephrectomy on the other side. The other children had bilateral partial nephrectomy or tumorectomy. Seven out of the nine patients are alive (78%). The two children who died presented with stage IV tumors and high grade malignant. One boy suffers cardiomyopathy. All survivors have normal renal function. With the proven efficacy of chemotherapy, bilateral renal salvage procedures were demonstrated to be effective in controlling disease without compromising renal function or survival. The innovative approaches developed for the treatment of bilateral Wilms tumor may influence the treatment of unilateral Wilms. PMID:9376233
Presedo, A; Martínez Ibáńez, V; Marqués, A; Sánchez de Toledo, J; Boix Ochoa, J
Dorsal Extradural Lumbar Disc Herniation Causing Cauda Equina Syndrome : A Case Report and Review of Literature
A 73-year-old male presented with a rare dorsally sequestrated lumbar disc herniation manifesting as severe radiating pain in both leg, progressively worsening weakness in both lower extremities, and urinary incontinence, suggesting cauda equina syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested the sequestrated disc fragment located in the extradural space at the L4-L5 level had surrounded and compressed the dural sac from the lateral to dorsal sides. A bilateral decompressive laminectomy was performed under an operating microscope. A large extruded disc was found to have migrated from the ventral aspect, around the thecal sac, and into the dorsal aspect, which compressed the sac to the right. After removal of the disc fragment, his sciatica was relieved and the patient felt strength of lower extremity improved.
Lee, Sang-Ho; Arbatti, Nikhil J.
Stimulation of contacts in ventral but not dorsal subthalamic nucleus normalizes response switching in Parkinson's disease
Switching between responses is a key executive function known to rely on the frontal cortex and the basal ganglia. Here we aimed to establish with greater anatomical specificity whether such switching could be mediated via different possible frontal–basal-ganglia circuits. Accordingly, we stimulated dorsal vs. ventral contacts of electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's patients during switching performance, and also studied matched controls. The patients underwent three sessions: once with bilateral dorsal contact stimulation, once with bilateral ventral contact stimulation, and once Off stimulation. Patients Off stimulation showed abnormal patterns of switching, and stimulation of the ventral contacts but not the dorsal contacts normalized the pattern of behavior relative to controls. This provides some of the first evidence in humans that stimulation of dorsal vs. ventral STN DBS contacts has differential effects on executive function. As response switching is an executive function known to rely on prefrontal cortex, these results suggest that ventral contact stimulation affected an executive/associative cortico-basal ganglia circuit.
Greenhouse, Ian; Gould, Sherrie; Houser, Melissa; Aron, Adam R.
Bilateral globus pallidus lesions.
Following a hypoxic-ischemic insult, the globus pallidus is selectively spared from ischemic injury in contrast to the caudate and putamen. The known causes for hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions selective for injuring the globus pallidus are varied but few. The most widely known etiology is in fatal cases of carbon monoxide poisoning. Additionally reported associations include fatalities involving 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; cocaine; opiates; and cyanide poisoning. These bilateral globus palladus necrotic lesions have been reported to occur in 5-10% of opiate addicts. In this article, we present a striking photo of selective symmetrical bilateral globus pallidus necrosis following cocaine and opiate abuse. PMID:22866355
Alquist, Caroline Raasch; McGoey, Robin; Bastian, Frank; Newman, William
We describe a very rare case of bilateral lichen striatus on the lower extremities with a history of more than ten years. Histopathologically, the lesions demonstrated a lichenoid tissue reaction with foci of spongiosis and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, the finding of lymphocytic infiltrations around the eccrine duct was observed. They were treated successfully with topical application of corticosteroid ointment. To the best of our knowledge, no other lichen striatus case has been reported with bilateral distribution and such long-term persistence. PMID:15160869
Kurokawa, Motoki; Kikuchi, Hidezumi; Ogata, Katsumi; Setoyama, Mitsuru
Bilateral ovarian Burkitt's lymphoma.
Primary ovarian lymphoma is a rare entity. We submit a case of a 34-year-old black patient presenting with a bilateral adnexal tumor. She underwent hysterectomy with double salpingo-oophorectomy followed by polychemotherapy treatment. Histology confirmed Epstein-Barr virus-positive bilateral Burkitt's lymphoma. The patient died from septic shock after a month of treatment. Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma has a predilection for the female genital tract, manifesting itself clinically as a pelvic mass and less frequently as a menstrual disorder. It is a rare entity in our environment but should be kept in mind when treating patients of African origin. PMID:19480266
Gutiérrez-García, L; Medina Ramos, N; García Rodríguez, R; Barber, M A; Arias, M D; García, J A
Multiple Bowen's disease may be difficult to differentiate from bowenoid papulosis because of its clinicopathological resemblance to bowenoid papulosis. We experienced a case of bilaterally and symmetrically developed multiple bowenoid lesions in a 71-year-old man previously diagnosed as having chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL). Based on histological findings and the results of human papillomavirus examinations, we finally diagnosed this case as bilateral Bowen's disease. We speculate that the underlying immunosuppressive state due to CLL may have been associated with onset of the disease. We report the unique clinical picture, the differential diagnosis and the aetiology. PMID:15270896
Nishimura, Y; Kishigawa, T; Tanaka, T
Bilateral vocal fold chondromas.
Laryngeal chondromas are uncommon, benign, slow-growing neoplasms with few reports in the literature. Vocal fold chondromas are even more rare, and all reported cases are unilateral. Here, we present the first case of bilateral vocal fold chondromas. Detailed evaluation, careful resection with phonomicrosurgery technique, and perioperative voice therapy are considered essential for the management. PMID:23406842
Lai, Ying-Ta; Petty, Brian E; Huang, Wei; Dailey, Seth H
Treatment of bilateral urolithiasis.
Patients with bilateral urolithiasis diagnosed at their first visit were followed for at least one year after the start of treatment. In this retrospective study of 123 patients, the basic metabolic workup revealed no specific underlying cause of simultaneously occurring bilateral nephrolithiasis, and none of the currently used therapeutic regimes proved to be efficient in attaining clinically acceptable stone-free rates at the 3, 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Of 38 patients treated with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), 21 underwent treatment of both kidneys and 10 (48%) were free of stones bilaterally after 12 months. All of the 17 patients treated with unilateral SWL failed to achieve a stone-free state on the contralateral side. In another group, treated with medication alone to minimize risks of stone recurrence, only 3 of 26 (11.5%) patients were stone-free on both sides 12 months after the start of medication. Since we achieved a stone-free state of both kidneys in no more than 12% of the non-medicated cases, it seems warranted to treat bilateral urolithiasis with SWL more frequently, particularly when patients cannot return regularly to the stone clinic for a longterm follow-up. PMID:1343424
Matsushita, K; Tanikawa, K; Masuda, A; Matsunaga, J; Matsuzaki, S
Bilateral intraocular dirofilariasis
Ocular dirofilariasis mostly presents as a subconjunctival or eyelid lesion.[1] Intraocular dirofilarial infestation is rare.[23] We report a case of a young woman who was accidentally detected to have a live motile worm in the anterior segment in one eye and a cystic lesion on the optic disc in the other eye. To our knowledge, bilateral intraocular dirofilariasis has never been reported.
Gupta, Viney; Sankaran, Preeti; Mohanraj; Samantaray, Jyotish Chandra; Menon, Vimla
Isolated severe bilateral bronchomalacia.
Airway malacia is uncommon condition having symptoms similar to common respiratory illnesses. Any child having persistent wheeze during infancy should be evaluated for airway malacia. The authors report a case of isolated severe bilateral bronchomalacia managed with tracheostomy and continuous positive pressure ventilation. PMID:23715795
Saikia, Bhaskar; Sharma, Pradeep Kumar; Sharma, Rachna; Gagneja, Vikram; Khilnani, Praveen
Thoracic dorsal ramus entrapment. Case report.
Entrapment of the dorsal ramus of a thoracic spinal nerve is described in a patient with chronic back pain and sensory disturbance in the cutaneous territory served by the T3-5 dorsal rami. The dorsal ramus of the T-4 nerve was found to be compressed by a bone spur involving the inferior T-4 apophyseal facet. The point of entrapment was a tunnel bounded by the transverse process, apophyseal joint, rib, and superior costotransverse ligament. PMID:2521245
González-Darder, J M
Bilateral nevus comedonicus syndrome.
Nevus comedonicus is an uncommon skin abnormality characterized by an aggregation of dilated follicular orifices filled with keratinous material. Nevus comedonicus is occasionally complicated with other conditions including cataracts, skeletal defects, central nervous system abnormalities or other extra-cutaneous diseases (nevus comedonicus syndrome). Although most cases of nevus comedonicus occur unilaterally on the face, neck and chest, the lesions occasionally show a bilateral distribution (bilateral nevus comedonicus). We report here an unusual case of bilaterally disseminated nevus comedonicus with various systemic complications. A 62-year-old Japanese man presented with a 50-year history of numerous keratotic papules and comedo-like lesions, which gradually worsened with time. Physical examination revealed that the papules were skin-colored and 1-4 mm in diameter. Some papules had dark-black keratinous materials on their surface, giving them a comedo-like appearance. The lesions were located predominantly on the face, head, neck and trunk with symmetric distribution, following Blaschko's lines. The patient's past medical history was noteworthy; he had undergone surgical treatments for thyroid cancer, pneumothorax and schwannoma in the cauda equina. He also suffered from scoliosis, cervical spondylosis and atrial fibrillation. Histopathologic examination revealed dilated and invaginated follicular structures filled with lamellar keratin, compatible with nevus comedonicus. Our patient's case did not fit with any previously reported diseases, and we thought a diagnosis of "bilateral nevus comedonicus syndrome" was the most appropriate for our patient's condition. He was treated with topical retinoic acid and activated vitamin D3 ointment for 3 months each, but the lesions remained unchanged. PMID:24031154
Ito, Takamichi; Mitamura, Yasutaka; Tsuji, Yayoi; Harada, Kayo; Urabe, Kazunori
Dorsal and Ventral Attention Systems
The idea of two separate attention networks in the human brain for the voluntary deployment of attention and the reorientation to unexpected events, respectively, has inspired an enormous amount of research over the past years. In this review, we will reconcile these theoretical ideas on the dorsal and ventral attentional system with recent empirical findings from human neuroimaging experiments and studies in stroke patients. We will highlight how novel methods—such as the analysis of effective connectivity or the combination of neurostimulation with functional magnetic resonance imaging—have contributed to our understanding of the functionality and interaction of the two systems. We conclude that neither of the two networks controls attentional processes in isolation and that the flexible interaction between both systems enables the dynamic control of attention in relation to top-down goals and bottom-up sensory stimulation. We discuss which brain regions potentially govern this interaction according to current task demands.
Geng, Joy J.; Fink, Gereon R.
Bilateral axillary arterial aneurysms in siblings with Marfan syndrome.
Axillary arterial aneurysm associated with Marfan syndrome is an extremely rare and dangerous disease because of its potential risk for rupture and impairment of neurologic function in the upper extremities. Treatment of large axillary aneurysms can be surgically challenging because the axillary artery is anatomically located under the clavicle bones and the brachial plexus runs dorsal to the aneurysm. We report 2 cases of bilateral axillary arterial aneurysms in brothers with Marfan syndrome. Revival of a novel approach and cautious attempts during the procedures are described in both cases. PMID:24378247
Saito, Yoshiaki; Taniguchi, Satoshi; Watanabe, Kenichi; Fukui, Kozo; Fukuda, Ikuo
Bilateral Suspected Tuberculous Empyema Thoracis
Empyema thoracis is a well known complication following para-pneumonic effusions in paediatric age group. Usually it is unilateral but rarely could be bilateral. Herein we report a case of bilateral tuberculous empyema thoracis in a 12 years old, unvaccinated girl with a positive history of contact with tuberculosis. She was managed conservatively with tube thoracostomies and anti-tuberculous drugs. Emphasis is on the conservative approach and patience in management of patients with bilateral empyema thoracis.
[Diagnosing bilateral papilledema].
Bilateral optic disc swelling requires following a number of steps from discovery to causal diagnosis. First, it is necessary to differentiate between true optic disc swelling and disc elevation without true swelling. Then fundus examination, visual acuity and visual field, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography are performed in order to differentiate papilledema secondary to increased intracranial pressure from optic disc swelling secondary to optic neuropathy. Even if the most frequent etiology is idiopathic intracranial hypertension, the clinician must check for the absence of any signs or symptoms related to hypertension secondary to a cerebral tumor or to cerebral venous thrombosis. Fortunately, modern imaging techniques have facilitated the differential diagnoses of optic disc swelling, and the combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography appears to be necessary each time the diagnosis of idiopathic hypertension is suggested. PMID:20493584
Rougier, M-B
Bilateral transaxillary endoscopic total thyroidectomy
Background\\/PurposeMinimal-access thyroid surgery using various techniques is well described. The present study reviews our initial experience with total thyroidectomy using a robotic-assisted bilateral transaxillary endoscopic approach (R-BAEA) and a non–robotic-assisted bilateral transaxillary endoscopic approach (BAEA) to assess it's safety and feasibility.
Go Miyano; Thom E. Lobe; Simon K. Wright
Neurologically Intact Patient Following Bilateral Facet Dislocation: Case Report and Review of Literature
Background Complete spinal cord lesions and quadriplegia occur in 50%-84% of patients with bilateral facet dislocation. We present a patient who suffered both bilateral facet dislocation and bilateral pedicle fractures while remaining neurologically intact. Based on this case and our literature review, we hypothesize that bilateral facet dislocations without neurological deficits are accompanied by significant associated fractures that facilitate the maintenance of cervical spine canal patency. Case Report After a fall down a flight of stairs, an 86-year-old woman presented to the hospital complaining of neck pain. She denied numbness and weakness of her extremities. On physical examination she was neurologically intact without focal sensory or motor deficits and with normal reflexes throughout. Computed tomography (CT) of her neck demonstrated bilateral C5-C6 facet dislocation with locking of the C6 superior articular process dorsal to the C5 inferior articular process, as well as corresponding bilateral C6 pedicle fractures. Additional acute fractures were identified on the thoracic CT. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no spinal cord compression, edema, or hemorrhage. The patient had a C6-C7 anterior cervical discectomy and allograft fusion and a C5-T1 anterior cervical plate with screw fixation. Conclusion Because bilateral facet dislocations without neurological deficits are rare, the most appropriate surgical intervention is not evident. We believe the best choice as a first step is an anterior cervical discectomy and allograft fusion with plating.
Chakravarthy, Vikram; Mullin, Jeffrey P.; Abbott, E. Emily; Anderson, James; Benzel, Edward C.
Precision and variability of hindlimb representation in cat dorsal horn and implications for tactile localization.
1. One hundred fifty-eight cells were recorded extracellularly in rows of tracks spanning both left and right dorsal horns, at segmental boundaries and midsegment in segments L5-S1, in six anesthetized cats. For each cell the low-threshold cutaneous mechano-receptive field was determined with the use of hand-held probes, and the recording site was marked with a microlesion. Recording sites were reconstructed, and the mediolateral (ML) and rostrocaudal (RC) locations of each cell were recorded along with the location of the cell's receptive field, expressed as distance from tips of toes (D). 2. Ninety-five percent of pairs of cells recorded from bilaterally symmetric locations (+/- 10%) in the same animal had receptive fields on opposite legs that had components that were mirror symmetric. Only 42% of cell pairs deviating from bilateral symmetry by approximately +/- 240 microns had receptive fields with overlapping components. This indicated that there was a substantial bilateral symmetry that was not simply due to large receptive fields. 3. The trajectories of receptive fields of cells in a single row of tracks were plotted in order of mediolateral recording site, going from medial to lateral, combining both sides. These trajectories followed a distoproximal course on the leg. Of 144 adjacent cells used to plot these trajectories, with an average spacing of approximately 120 microns, only 6 reversals of the distoproximal gradient polarity were observed within animals. 4. Data from individual animals were shifted rostrally and caudally, to obtain best agreement of mediolateral somatotopic gradients with the combined data from the other animals in the sample. Best agreement was obtained with shifts ranging from 0.3 segment rostral to 0.4 segment caudal, with an average absolute value shift of 0.22 segment. 5. By comparing cell pairs within the same dorsal horn, on opposite sides of the same animal, and across animals, variability in cell placement given the average map and the receptive field could be calculated. Interanimal variability and bilateral asymmetry were approximately +/- 60 microns, and within-dorsal horn variability was approximately +/- 35 microns. The interanimal variability is equivalent to a variability of distoproximal receptive-field location on the leg of +/- 13 mm, with a smaller variability in areas of high magnification (e.g., the toes), and a larger variability in areas with small magnification (e.g., the thigh). This degree of variability is consistent with the ability of animals with transected dorsal columns to localize tactile stimuli with a normal degree of precision. PMID:8120595
Koerber, H R; Hobbs, G; Brown, P B
Bilateral pseudogout 8 years after bilateral total knee arthroplasty.
This article presents the clinical features of crystal arthropathy after knee replacement. The current literature on pseudogout and gout after both total and partial knee replacement is summarized. A case of bilateral pseudogout 8 years after initial total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is used to highlight the clinical characteristics and treatment options for this underrecognized condition. Presentation mimicked a late septic joint arthroplasty with sudden onset of pain and effusion. The patient was treated successfully with an arthrotomy, debridement, synovectomy, polyethylene insert exchange, oral steroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories. There are no other reported cases of bilateral pseudogout after bilateral TKA. PMID:23102423
Levi, Gabriel S; Sadr, Kamran; Scuderi, Giles R
[Treatment of bilateral dorsal dislocation fracture of the shoulder joint by total endoprosthesis replacement].
A 48-year-old patient sustained depressed fracture dislocations of both shoulder joints during a grand mal epileptic seizure. Surgical treatment consisting of implantation of two Neer total replacements was successful: the functional result was good, and within 12 weeks the patient was free of pain and able to resume work. PMID:2140653
Leonhard, T; Demirhan, M; Cotta, H
Sandwich technique in nasal dorsal augmentation.
Tutoplast fascia lata (TFL) has been used as an onlay graft for nasal dorsal augmentation in open approach rhinoplasty; however, insertion of layers of moist TFL in the closed approach is technically challenging. We have presented a "sandwich" technique which facilitates graft insertion in a closed approach rhinoplasty. The available autologous graft (cartilage or perpendicular plate of ethmoid) is sandwiched and secured between layers of TFL (sandwich technique) prior to insertion of the graft for nasal dorsal augmentation in a closed rhinoplasty approach. All our cases of nasal dorsal augmentation were reviewed in a 2 year period. Eight cases of nasal dorsal augmentation in secondary rhinoplasty through a closed approach were reviewed. The ease of insertion and the subsequent manipulation of the graft were noted in all the cases. Good aesthetic results have been noticed in all the cases after an average of 14 months follow-up. The sandwich technique ensures ease of the graft insertion and the subsequent manipulation in a closed approach secondary rhinoplasty for dorsal augmentation. PMID:20490814
Issing, Wolfgang; Anari, Shahram
Acute silicosis with bilateral pneumothorax.
We present a case of acute silicosis with bilateral pneumothorax of a 28-year-old man working at a stone crusher factory for 1?year. He presented to the emergency department with cough, respiratory distress and diffuse chest pain. The patient was managed with bilateral intercostal tube drainage under water seal, oxygen inhalation and conservative therapy. On follow-up he showed improvement of resting dyspnoea and was doing well. This case is being reported because of the rare complications of acute silicosis as bilateral pneumothorax. PMID:24862410
Srivastava, G N; Prasad, Rajniti; Meena, Manoj; Hussain, Moosa
Bilateral hypoglossal nerve injury after bilateral carotid endarterectomy.
A case of severe bilateral injury to the hypoglossal nerves after two-stage carotid endarterectomy is described. Injury to the hypoglossal nerve occurs in up to 20% of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and may result in mild or unnoticed deficits. These injuries must be carefully searched for in patients who will undergo a similar procedure on the opposite side since a bilateral deficit of the hypoglossal nerve is poorly tolerated, causing potentially serious impairment of speech and risk of aspiration. PMID:3278413
Gutrecht, J A; Jones, H R
Bilateral internal laryngoceles mimicking asthma
Laryngocele is an air-filled, abnormal dilation of the laryngeal saccule that extends upward within the false vocal fold, in communication with the laryngeal lumen. A case of 43-year-old male with bilateral internal laryngoceles, who has been treated as asthma for 4 years, is presented. The patient had dyspnea, cough, and excessive phlegm for a month and a late onset stridor. Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy showed bilateral cystic enlargements of the false vocal folds and true vocal folds could not be visualized. Laryngeal CT without contrast enhancement showed bilateral internal laryngoceles. Submucosal total excision of bilateral cystic masses including parts of false vocal folds was performed. The symptoms resolved immediately after surgery. Although the incidence of internal laryngocele is rare, it should be remembered in the differential diagnosis of upper airway problems and diagnostic flexible nasopharnygolaryngoscopy is routinely indicated for airway evaluation in at-risk patients.
Aksoy, Elif A.; Elsurer, Cagdas; Serin, Gediz M.; Unal, O. Faruk
[Bilateral sarcoidosis of parotid glands].
We describe an unusual case of sarcoidosis in which the patient presented with a bilateral swelling of the parotid salivary glands and no other manifestation of the disease. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown cause in which there may be multiple exocrine involvement, including the salivary glands. This case emphasises the importance of including sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of bilateral parotid swelling. PMID:22533935
Hahn, Pernille; Krogdahl, Annelise; Godballe, Christian
Diffuse and bilateral lichen striatus.
A 5-year-old girl had a papulo-squamous dermatosis arranged in a Blaschko line pattern of 1 month's duration. The skin lesions were asymmetrically distributed bilaterally on the face, neck, trunk, and limbs. Histologically there was a lichenoid infiltrate with foci of spongiosis. The dermatosis cleared spontaneously with hypopigmentation 16 months later. Lichen striatus usually occurs in a solitary and unilateral fashion. Its diffuse and bilateral distribution is an uncommon presentation. PMID:9050762
Aloi, F; Solaroli, C; Pippione, M
Bilateral Polydactyly in a foal
The following case report describes the diagnosis and surgery of bilateral polydactyly of unknown origin in a colt. A 7-month-old Berber colt was referred for cosmetic and curative excision of supernumerary digits. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral polydactyly and well-developed first carpal bones. Surgery consisted of an osteotomy of both second metacarpal bones combined with an amputation of the supernumerary digits. The follow-up at 18 months after surgery revealed a sound horse with an excellent cosmetic outcome.
Abitbol, Marie; Desbois, Christophe
The "dorsal root potential" consists of five successive deflections designated for convenience, D.R.I, II, III, IV, and V. Of these, D.R.V alone constitutes the dorsal root potential of prior description. A study has been made of the general properties of those deflections not previously described. Dorsal root potentials are electrotonic extensions into the extramedullary root segment, the result of electrical interactions within the cord comparable to those that have been studied in peripheral nerve. Although the anatomical and electrical conditions of interaction are infinitely more complex in the cord than in nerve, it is seen that the fact of parallel distribution of primary afferent fibers pertaining to neighboring dorsal roots provides a sufficient anatomical basis for qualitative analysis in the first approximation of dorsal root potentials. An extension of the theory of interaction between neighboring nerve fibers has been made to include an especial case of interaction between fibers orientated at right angles to one another. The predictions have been tested in a nerve model and found correct. Given this elaboration, and the stated anatomical propositions, existing knowledge of interaction provides an adequate theoretical basis for an elementary understanding of dorsal root potentials. The study of general properties and the analysis of dorsal root potentials have led to the formulation of certain conclusions that follow. D.R.I, II, and III record the electrotonic spread of polarization resulting from the external field of impulses conducted in the intramedullary segment and longitudinal trajects of primary afferent fibers. D.R.IV arises in part as the result of activity in primary afferent fibers, and in part as the result of activity in secondary neurons. In either case the mode of production is the same, and the responsible agent is residual negativity in the active collaterals, or, more precisely, the external field of current flow about the collaterals during the period of residual negativity. Current flow about active primary afferent collaterals during the period of residual negativity is the agent for residual facilitation of monosynaptic reflex pathways. Since the changes in reflex threshold follow the course of residual negativity there is no need to postulate especial properties for prolonging action at regions the threshold of which is measured by means of monosynaptic test reflexes. D.R.V results from polarization of primary afferent fibers by current flow about secondary neurons. There is indication that somata rather than axons of secondary neurons generate the polarizing currents. Similarity between D.R.V and the positive intermediary potential further indicates that soma gradients established during the recovery cycle are responsible for D.R.V. Little or no net polarization of primary afferent fibers results from activity confined to the contralateral gray substance, the dorsal root potentials in contralateral recording resulting from interaction in the dorsal column or in the ipsilateral gray substance following decussation of contralaterally evoked activity. During the course of asphyxia the initial defect in reflex pathways is the failure of secondary neurons to respond to primary impulses. Subsequently block is established at the branching zone of primary afferent fibers. A relation exists between the sequence of dorsal root potentials and the cord potential sequence, the major departure from exact correspondence occurring in the region of D.R.IV and the negative intermediary potential and being of a nature to suggest that different aspects of internuncial activity are emphasized by the two methods of leading.
Lloyd, David P. C.; McIntyre, A. K.
Endogenous nociceptin/orphanin-FQ in the dorsal hippocampus facilitates despair-related behavior.
Nociceptin/orphanin-FQ (N/OFQ) peptide and its receptor (NOP: N/OFQ opioid peptide receptor) are highly expressed in the hippocampus, but their functional role remains poorly understood. We recently showed that hippocampal N/OFQ inhibits learning and memory abilities in mice. Here, we investigated whether the endogenous peptide also regulated emotional responses at the level of the hippocampus. Bilateral infusions of the selective NOP receptor antagonist, UFP-101 (1-3 nmol/side), into the dorsal hippocampus produced antidepressant-like effects in the mouse forced swim and tail suspension tests comparable with those obtained with the prototypical antidepressant, fluoxetine (10-30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). In the light-dark test, neither UFP-101 (1-3 nmol/side) nor N/OFQ peptide (1-3 nmol/side) modified anxiety measures when injected at behaviorally active doses in the dorsal hippocampus. These findings show a clear dissociation in the involvement of hippocampal N/OFQ system in anxiety- and despair-related behaviors. We conclude that the dorsal hippocampus is a brain region in which there is an important N/OFQ modulation of mnemonic processes and adaptive emotional responses associated to despair states. PMID:20087887
Goeldner, Celia; Reiss, David; Kieffer, Brigitte L; Ouagazzal, Abdel-Mouttalib
Investigating the contribution of ventral-lexical and dorsal-sublexical pathways during reading in bilinguals
Several studies suggest the existence of ventral-lexical and dorsal-sublexical systems for reading. The relative contribution of these pathways can be manipulated by stimulus type and task demands. However, little is known about how bilinguals use these systems to read in their second language. In this study diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to investigate the relationship between white matter (WM) integrity and reaction time in a group of 12 Chinese–English bilingual and 11 age-matched English monolingual adults. Considering a dual-route model of reading, the following four tracts were isolated in both the left and right hemispheres using a tractography measurement approach. Ventral tracts included the uncinate fasciculus (UF) and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). The dorsal tracts of interest were the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). A significant correlation between the reaction time in a reading task and the mean diffusivity (MD) value was observed in the right UF in both bilingual and monolingual groups. Moreover, in the bilingual group we observed significantly more positive relationships between reaction time and MD in the right AF, and bilaterally in the SLF. We concluded that the relative contribution of the dorsal system for reading is greater in bilinguals than monolinguals. Further, these findings implicate a role of the right hemisphere in reading.
Bakhtiari, Reyhaneh; Boliek, Carol; Cummine, Jacqueline
Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with pediatric brain tumor progression: a case series and review of the literature.
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a rare disorder of conjugate lateral gaze that has been described in a number of neurologic conditions including multiple sclerosis, stroke and less commonly brain tumors. We describe a series of 3 boys (11, 12, 15 years) diagnosed with primary central nervous system tumors (pilomyxoid variant astrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, gliomatosis cerebri) who developed bilateral INO as a manifestation of progressive disease. Time from diagnosis to development of bilateral INO ranged from 13-36 months. All children died of their disease 1-9 months following diagnosis of bilateral INO and had significant dorsal pontine invasion on magnetic resonance imaging at progression. Only one child had brainstem involvement at diagnosis. Our case series highlights this rare ophthalmologic syndrome of bilateral INO in association with tumor progression and provides a literature review of brain tumor associations with INO. PMID:24048548
Rismanchi, Neggy; Crawford, John R
Adult neurogenesis occurs in primate sensorimotor cortex following cervical dorsal rhizotomy
Adult neurogenesis remains controversial in the cerebral cortex. We have previously shown in monkeys and rats that reactive neurogenesis occurs in the spinal dorsal horn 6–8 weeks following a cervical dorsal rhizotomy. Here, in three monkeys with the same lesion, we asked whether it also occurs coincidentally in the corresponding primary somatosensory and motor cortex, where significant topographic and neuronal reorganization is known to occur. Monkeys (male Macaca fascicularis) were given bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injections 2–3 weeks post-rhizotomy, and perfused 4–6 weeks later. Cells colabeled for BrdU and five different neuronal markers were observed within the primary somatosensory and motor cortex and their distributions, were compared bilaterally. Cells colabeled with BrdU and the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were also quantified for comparison. A significant number of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/calbindin (CB) colabeled cells were observed in topographically reorganized cortex. Small numbers of BrdU/GFAP colabed cells were also consistently observed bilaterally, but these cells never colabeled with any of the neuronal markers. Of the cells colabeled with BrdU and a neuronal marker, at least half had an inhibitory phenotype. However, excitatory pyramidal neurons were also identified with classic pyramidal morphology. Cortical neurogenesis was not observed in other cortical regions. It was also not observed in the primary sensorimotor, prefrontal, or posterior parietal cortex in an additional control monkey (male Macaca fascicularis) that had no surgical intervention. Our findings provide evidence for reactive endogenous cortical neurogenesis following a dorsal rhizotomy, which may play a role in functional recovery.
Vessal, Mani; Darian-Smith, Corinna
Deconstructing the architecture of dorsal and ventral attention systems with dynamic causal modeling.
Attentional orientation to a spatial cue and reorientation-after invalid cueing-are mediated by two distinct networks in the human brain. A bilateral dorsal frontoparietal network, comprising the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the frontal eye fields (FEF), controls the voluntary deployment of attention and may modulate visual cortex in preparation for upcoming stimulation. In contrast, reorienting attention to invalidly cued targets engages a right-lateralized ventral frontoparietal network comprising the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and ventral frontal cortex. The present fMRI study investigated the functional architecture of these two attentional systems by characterizing effective connectivity during lateralized orienting and reorienting of attention, respectively. Subjects performed a modified version of Posner's location-cueing paradigm. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) of regional responses in the dorsal and ventral network, identified in a conventional (SPM) whole-brain analysis, was used to compare different functional architectures. Bayesian model selection showed that top-down connections from left and right IPS to left and right visual cortex, respectively, were modulated by the direction of attention. Moreover, model evidence was highest for a model with directed influences from bilateral IPS to FEF, and reciprocal coupling between right and left FEF. Invalid cueing enhanced forward connections from visual areas to right TPJ, and directed influences from right TPJ to right IPS and IFG (inferior frontal gyrus). These findings shed further light on the functional organization of the dorsal and ventral attentional network and support a context-sensitive lateralization in the top-down (backward) mediation of attentional orienting and the bottom-up (forward) effects of invalid cueing. PMID:22855813
Vossel, Simone; Weidner, Ralph; Driver, Jon; Friston, Karl J; Fink, Gereon R
Achondroplasia Associated with Bilateral Keratoconus
We report a rare case of bilateral keratoconus in association with achondroplasia. A 26-year-old male, with a known case of achondroplasia, complained of bilateral gradual deterioration in vision for the past few years. Slit lamp biomicroscopy showed bilateral central corneal protrusion and stromal thinning at the apex consistent with keratoconus. a trial of hard contact lens fitting failed to improve VA in the left eye (LE). Right eye (RE) improved to 20/25. The patient underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in his LE. Twenty-seven months postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/30. Ophthalmologists should be aware that patients with achondroplasia who complain of poor vision should be suspected of having keratoconus once other more common conditions are ruled out.
Al Mahmood, Ammar M.; Al Katan, Hind M.; Al Bin Ali, Ghada Y.; Al-Swailem, Samar A.
[Bilateral carotid endarterectomy for patients with bilateral carotid artery stenosis].
In a couple of recent randomized trials, the benefits of unilateral carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have been reevaluated in symptomatic patients with severe stenosis. In contrast, the operative indication, procedure, and perioperative management of bilateral CEAs for patients with bilateral carotid artery stenosis are still controversial. In this report, we reviewed 7 patients who underwent bilateral CEAs at out institute during the last 10 years, with regard to the clinical feature, angiographical findings, operative procedure, surgical results and long-term prognosis. The patients ranged from 52 to 73 years in age, and included six males and one female. Clinical symptoms were asymptomatic in 1 patient, transient ischemic attack in 2, reversible ischemic neurological deficits in 2, minor completed stroke in 1, and major completed stroke in 1. The angiographical carotid artery stenosis in the dominant side of symptomatic cases was 50% in 3, 70% in 1, 90% in 2, and ulceration in 4 cases. The stenosis in the non-dominant side of symptomatic cases was 60% in 1, 70% in 3, 90% in 2, and 4 cases with ulceration. One case among the asymptomatic cases had bilateral 80-90% stenosis. We staged bilateral CEAs, in the dominant side first except in one case among the symptomatic cases and on the more severely stenotic side first in the asymptomatic cases. During CEA, an external shunt was placed in 1 case, but no internal shunt was used in any of the cases. Perioperative complications were found in 2 patients, transient bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy and local hemorrhage in the other case. Totally, all of 7 cases (14 consecutive CEAs) have been performed with satisfactory results. No mortality and no permanent morbidity has resulted. In the follow-up period (mean: 38.3 month), 1 patient was found to have developed cerebral infarction in the ipsilateral carotid artery territory. From our own small experience and from that in the literature, CEAs for bilateral carotid artery stenosis should be performed in the dominant side first. Then, after a certain period, from 2 to 6 weeks, the CEA should be performed in the non-dominant side. PMID:8914146
Sato, M; Nishizaka, T; Endo, Y; Maeno, K; Takahagi, S
Sandwich technique in nasal dorsal augmentation
Tutoplast fascia lata (TFL) has been used as an onlay graft for nasal dorsal augmentation in open approach rhinoplasty; however,\\u000a insertion of layers of moist TFL in the closed approach is technically challenging. We have presented a "sandwich" technique\\u000a which facilitates graft insertion in a closed approach rhinoplasty. The available autologous graft (cartilage or perpendicular\\u000a plate of ethmoid) is sandwiched
Wolfgang Issing; Shahram Anari
Specific role of the posterior dorsal hippocampus-prefrontal cortex in short-term working memory.
Working memory in rats involves neural projections from the hippocampus (HP) to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), based on delayed task experiments in a radial-arm maze, in which the time span of working memory is longer than seconds. To determine whether the HP-PFC pathway is involved in short-term (on the order of seconds) working memory function, we lesioned the PFC and/or HP, and measured performance in an operant delayed alternation task. The posterior dorsal (pdHP) and ventral HP (vHP) were assessed separately. The bilateral PFC and bilateral pdHP ibotenate lesions produced significant working memory deficits, but the vHP lesion did not. Unilateral pdHP lesions combined with a PFC lesion in the opposite hemisphere reproduced the effects of bilaterally symmetrical lesions. By contrast, unilateral lesions of the pdHP combined with a PFC lesion in the same hemisphere had no effect on delayed alternation. These results indicate that the pdHP-PFC pathway is essential for working memory on the order of seconds in rats, and suggest that the pdHP and vHP pathways to the PFC play different behavioral roles. PMID:18540879
Izaki, Yoshinori; Takita, Masatoshi; Akema, Tatsuo
Ventral and dorsal pathways for language
Built on an analogy between the visual and auditory systems, the following dual stream model for language processing was suggested recently: a dorsal stream is involved in mapping sound to articulation, and a ventral stream in mapping sound to meaning. The goal of the study presented here was to test the neuroanatomical basis of this model. Combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a novel diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based tractography method we were able to identify the most probable anatomical pathways connecting brain regions activated during two prototypical language tasks. Sublexical repetition of speech is subserved by a dorsal pathway, connecting the superior temporal lobe and premotor cortices in the frontal lobe via the arcuate and superior longitudinal fascicle. In contrast, higher-level language comprehension is mediated by a ventral pathway connecting the middle temporal lobe and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex via the extreme capsule. Thus, according to our findings, the function of the dorsal route, traditionally considered to be the major language pathway, is mainly restricted to sensory-motor mapping of sound to articulation, whereas linguistic processing of sound to meaning requires temporofrontal interaction transmitted via the ventral route.
Saur, Dorothee; Kreher, Bjorn W.; Schnell, Susanne; Kummerer, Dorothee; Kellmeyer, Philipp; Vry, Magnus-Sebastian; Umarova, Roza; Musso, Mariacristina; Glauche, Volkmar; Abel, Stefanie; Huber, Walter; Rijntjes, Michel; Hennig, Jurgen; Weiller, Cornelius
Bilateral and symmetrical tinea mammae.
Tinea corporis has rarely been reported in some locations such as on the breast skin as unilaterally. Herein, we present a case of bilateral tinea mammae, which has not been reported before in English language literature to our knowledge. PMID:24050298
Yilmaz, Murat; Kavak, Ayse; Yamaner, Nalan Jale
Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling.
Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling, the gold standard assay in diagnosing pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone in Cushing disease, is highly accurate and safe when performed by experienced interventionalists. We review the anatomic and technical considerations essential for safe and reliable practice. PMID:21990499
Deipolyi, Amy R; Hirsch, Joshua A; Oklu, Rahmi
Middlemen in Bilateral Search Markets
This article examines the role of middlemen in bilateral search markets (e.g., employment agencies, real estate brokers). It is shown that the middleman narrows the set of buyer (firm) and seller (worker) types who search; seller types with high valuations and buyer types with low valuations drop out of the search market and instead trade through the middleman. The middleman
Abdullah Yavas
Dorsolateral striatum and dorsal hippocampus: a serial contribution to acquisition of cue-reward associations in rats.
In laboratory rodents, procedural and declarative-like memory processes are often considered operating in dual, sometimes even competing with each other. There is evidence that the initial approach of a repetitive task first engages a hippocampus-dependent declarative-like memory system acquiring knowledge. Over repetition, there is a gradual shift towards a striatum-dependent response memory system. In the current experiment, Long-Evans male rats with bilateral, fiber-sparing ibotenic acid-induced lesions of the dorsolateral striatum or the dorsal hippocampus were trained in an olfactory associative task requiring the acquisition of both a procedural and a declarative-like memory. Rats with dorsolateral striatum lesions, and thus an intact hippocampus, were impaired on both sub-categories of memory performance. Rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions exhibited a substantial deficit in learning the declarative-like cue-reward associations, while the acquisition of the procedural memory component of the task was not affected. These data suggest that the dorsolateral striatum is required to acquire the task rule while the dorsal hippocampus is required to acquire the association between a given stimulus and its associated outcome. The finding is that the dorsolateral striatum and the dorsal hippocampus most probably contribute to successful learning of cue-reward associations in a sequential (from procedural to declarative-like memory) order using this olfactory associative learning task. PMID:23142253
Jacquet, M; Lecourtier, L; Cassel, R; Loureiro, M; Cosquer, B; Escoffier, G; Migliorati, M; Cassel, J-C; Roman, F S; Marchetti, E
Stimulation of ?-opioid receptors in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNPR) increases the locomotor activity of young rats: an effect blocked by systemic administration of a D2-like receptor agonist. Based on these initial findings, we proposed that: (a) D2-like receptors in the dorsal striatum are responsible for attenuating ?-opioid-induced locomotor activity, and (b) the effects of D2-like receptor stimulation are mediated by the indirect pathway, which extends from the dorsal striatum to the SNPR via the globus pallidus (GP) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). To test the first hypothesis, young rats were given a systemic injection (IP) of saline or the ?-opioid receptor agonist U50,488 on postnatal day (PD) 18. Later in the testing session, rats received bilateral infusions of vehicle or the D2-like receptor agonist R(-)-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) into the dorsal striatum, and the ability of NPA to block U50,488-induced locomotor activity was determined. To test the second hypothesis, rats were given sham or bilateral electrolytic lesions of the GP or STN on PD 16. Two days later, saline- and U50,488-induced locomotor activity was measured after systemic (IP) administration of vehicle or NPA. As predicted, dorsal striatal infusions of NPA attenuated the U50,488-induced locomotor activity of young rats. Contrary to our expectations, bilateral lesions of the GP or STN did not impair NPA's ability to block U50,488-induced locomotor activity. When considered together, these results suggest that: (a) stimulation of D2-like receptors in the dorsal striatum is sufficient to attenuate the ?-opioid-mediated locomotor activity of young rats; and (b) the indirect pathway does not mediate the effects of D2-like receptor stimulation in this behavioral model.
Charntikov, S.; Halladay, L. R.; Herbert, M. S.; Marquez, E. M.; McDougall, S. A.
Dorsal raphe neuronal activities are modulated by methylphenidate
This study investigated the electrophysiological properties of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) neurons in response to the acute and repetitive administration of methylphenidate (MPH). Activities of DR neurons were recorded from non-anesthetized, freely behaving rats previously implanted bilaterally with permanent semi microelectrodes. The main findings were: (1) after initial (acute) administration of MPH (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) on experimental day one (ED1), 56 % of DR units significantly changed their firing rates. The majority of the responsive units (88 %) exhibited increased firing rate; (2) daily MPH injections were given on ED2 through ED6 followed by 3 washout days. On ED10, 83 % of the DR units significantly changed their baseline activity compared to the baseline activity on ED1; (3) after rechallenge MPH administration on ED10, 63 % of DR units exhibited significant change in their firing rate; the majority of the responsive units (76 %) exhibited a significant increase in their firing rate; (4) The effect of rechallenge MPH administration on ED10 was compared to the effect of initial MPH on ED1, 47 % DR units exhibited a further significant increase in their firing rate while 53 % DR units exhibited decrease or non-change in their firing rate which can be interpreted as electrophysiological sensitization or tolerance. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that acute MPH administration modulated the DR neuronal activities. Repetitive MPH administration modulated the baseline activities of DR units and elicited neurophysiological sensitization or tolerance. The results indicated that MPH affects DR neuronal activity.
Tang, Bin
Transnasal endoscopic marsupialization of bilateral nasoalveolar cysts.
Nasoalveolar cysts are uncommon nonodontogenic and developmental cysts with an uncertain pathogenesis. This cyst has been reported to occur bilaterally in 10-11% of cases. This case report describes a 45-year-old woman in whom the clinicopathologic findings were consistent with bilateral nasoalveolar cysts. The authors report a new, less invasive method for transnasal endoscopic marsupialization of bilateral nasoalveolar cysts. Transnasal endoscopic marsupialization has benefits for the treatment of bilateral and unilateral nasoalveolar cysts. PMID:19604675
Sazgar, A A; Sadeghi, M; Yazdi, A K; Ojani, L
Bilateral spermatocytic seminoma: a case report
Spermatocytic seminoma (SS) is a rare entity, accounting for 2%–12% of all seminomas; amongst those, fewer than 10% are bilateral. These may occur synchronously or metachranously. We report here a case of bilateral SS in a 63-year-old patient, who initially presented with bilateral testicular masses. In our search of the literature, this represents the fifth documented case of synchronous, bilateral SS.
Narins, Hadley; Chevli, Kent; Gilbert, Richard; Duff, Michael; Toenniessen, Andrew; Hu, Yan
[Bilateral adnexal masses during pregnancy].
The presence of adnexal masses during pregnancy is a rare situation but due to a broader use of sonography; its occurrence is increasing. Their management essentially relies on imagery. We report the case of an 18 weeks-pregnant women presenting bilateral teratomas visualized by RMI. She was successfully treated by laparoscopy. This paper approaches the management of adnexal masses during pregnancy. The epidemiology, possible complications, diagnostic approach and the therapeutic management are discussed. PMID:24908949
Liefferinckx, C; Hottat, N; Simon, P
Chronic ataxic neuropathy mimicking dorsal midbrain syndrome
We describe the clinical course, with special attention to the disturbance of eye movements, of a 29?year?old man with chronic ataxic neuropathy with ophthalmoplegia, IgM paraprotein, cold agglutinins and anti?GD1b disialosyl antibodies (CANOMAD). Using the magnetic search coil technique, we documented convergence during upward saccades and other features suggestive of dorsal midbrain syndrome. Thus, in common with Miller Fisher syndrome, CANOMAD may present with clinical findings implicating involvement of the central nervous system, which contains ganglioside antigens to anti?GD1b antibodies.
Arbogast, S D; Khanna, S; Koontz, D W; Tomsak, R L; Katirji, B; Leigh, R J
Chronic ataxic neuropathy mimicking dorsal midbrain syndrome.
We describe the clinical course, with special attention to the disturbance of eye movements, of a 29-year-old man with chronic ataxic neuropathy with ophthalmoplegia, IgM paraprotein, cold agglutinins and anti-GD1b disialosyl antibodies (CANOMAD). Using the magnetic search coil technique, we documented convergence during upward saccades and other features suggestive of dorsal midbrain syndrome. Thus, in common with Miller Fisher syndrome, CANOMAD may present with clinical findings implicating involvement of the central nervous system, which contains ganglioside antigens to anti-GD1b antibodies. PMID:17504882
Arbogast, S D; Khanna, S; Koontz, D W; Tomsak, R L; Katirji, B; Leigh, R J
Serotonin Neuron Diversity in the Dorsal Raphe
The dorsal raphe nucleus contains one of the largest groups of serotonergic neurons in the mammalian brain and is the main site of origin of the serotonergic projection to the cerebral cortex. Early electrophysiological studies suggested that serotonergic neurons in this cell group formed a homogeneous cell class. More recent studies however have reported heterogeneity among the core anatomical and electrophysiological properties of these neurons, thus raising the possibility that serotonergic neurons of this cell group may form two or more distinct cell classes. In this Viewpoint, we review these findings and suggest ways to look at cellular heterogeneity among serotonergic neurons.
Common and uncommon bilateral adult renal masses
Abstract Masses can involve the kidney unilaterally or bilaterally. The purpose of this article is to review common and uncommon adult renal masses that present bilaterally. Clinical and imaging findings are described. Renal masses that present in a bilateral fashion can have particular clinical and imaging characteristics and knowledge of their presentation enables appropriate diagnosis and management, especially in a multidisciplinary care setting. More commonly found bilateral renal masses that are discussed include metastasis, lymphoproliferative disorders, adult polycystic kidney disease, angiomyolipomas, renal infracts and renal abscesses. Less common bilateral renal masses include transitional cell carcinoma, oncocytoma, and hematomas.
Roy, Anjali; Silverman, Paul M.; Kundra, Vikas
Compensation following bilateral vestibular damage.
Bilateral loss of vestibular inputs affects far fewer patients than unilateral inner ear damage, and thus has been understudied. In both animal subjects and human patients, bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH) produces a variety of clinical problems, including impaired balance control, inability to maintain stable blood pressure during postural changes, difficulty in visual targeting of images, and disturbances in spatial memory and navigational performance. Experiments in animals have shown that non-labyrinthine inputs to the vestibular nuclei are rapidly amplified following the onset of BVH, which may explain the recovery of postural stability and orthostatic tolerance that occurs within 10?days. However, the loss of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and degraded spatial cognition appear to be permanent in animals with BVH. Current concepts of the compensatory mechanisms in humans with BVH are largely inferential, as there is a lack of data from patients early in the disease process. Translation of animal studies of compensation for BVH into therapeutic strategies and subsequent application in the clinic is the most likely route to improve treatment. In addition to physical therapy, two types of prosthetic devices have been proposed to treat individuals with bilateral loss of vestibular inputs: those that provide tactile stimulation to indicate body position in space, and those that deliver electrical stimuli to branches of the vestibular nerve in accordance with head movements. The relative efficacy of these two treatment paradigms, and whether they can be combined to facilitate recovery, is yet to be ascertained. PMID:22207864
McCall, Andrew A; Yates, Bill J
Compensation Following Bilateral Vestibular Damage
Bilateral loss of vestibular inputs affects far fewer patients than unilateral inner ear damage, and thus has been understudied. In both animal subjects and human patients, bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH) produces a variety of clinical problems, including impaired balance control, inability to maintain stable blood pressure during postural changes, difficulty in visual targeting of images, and disturbances in spatial memory and navigational performance. Experiments in animals have shown that non-labyrinthine inputs to the vestibular nuclei are rapidly amplified following the onset of BVH, which may explain the recovery of postural stability and orthostatic tolerance that occurs within 10?days. However, the loss of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and degraded spatial cognition appear to be permanent in animals with BVH. Current concepts of the compensatory mechanisms in humans with BVH are largely inferential, as there is a lack of data from patients early in the disease process. Translation of animal studies of compensation for BVH into therapeutic strategies and subsequent application in the clinic is the most likely route to improve treatment. In addition to physical therapy, two types of prosthetic devices have been proposed to treat individuals with bilateral loss of vestibular inputs: those that provide tactile stimulation to indicate body position in space, and those that deliver electrical stimuli to branches of the vestibular nerve in accordance with head movements. The relative efficacy of these two treatment paradigms, and whether they can be combined to facilitate recovery, is yet to be ascertained.
McCall, Andrew A.; Yates, Bill J.
Traumatic bilateral vertebral artery dissection.
Traumatic vertebral artery dissection is not often seen by forensic pathologists, and cases investigated are scarce in the forensic literature. We present the case of a 40-year-old woman cyclist who was struck by a car while wearing a helmet, and was neurologically near normal immediately thereafter at Emergency. She presented 48 h later with acute right hemiparesis, decreasing level of consciousness, and unsteadiness. CT revealed massive cerebellar infarction. CT angiography was normal. The patient died in coma 7 days after injury and autopsy revealed bilateral edematous cerebellar infarction and bilateral vertebral artery dissection. Rotational neck injury and mural tear in the wall of the Atlantic parts of both vertebral arteries is suggested as the possible mechanism of the arterial injury. Head and neck injuries are reported as a precipitating cause of vertebral artery injury. The possible influence of trauma may be further underestimated if longer intervals between vessel dissection and ischemia occur. The current case illustrates that "talk-and-die" syndrome may be due to occult vertebral artery dissection, possibly bilateral. In forensic cases of delayed death after mild trauma to the head and neck, the vertebral arteries should be examined for the cause of death. PMID:21798679
Galtés, Ignasi; Borondo, Juan Carlos; Cos, Mňnica; Subirana, Mercč; Martin-Fumadó, Carles; Martín, Carles; Castellŕ, Josep; Medallo, Jordi
Bilateral nephrolithiasis: simultaneous operative management.
A total of 14 patients with extensive bilateral nephrolithiasis underwent simultaneous bilateral lithotomy, in most instances through a single transabdominal incision. Anatrophic nephrolithotomy was performed on 25 kidneys, while 3 kidneys were approached in other ways without formal hypothermia and ischemia. There was no statistically significant change in the average preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine values (p greater than 0.1). There were residual stone fragments in 2 of the 28 kidneys (7 per cent) and stones recurred in 3 others (11 per cent) during the followup period (average 12 months). Of the 14 patients 10 (71 per cent) had infected urine preoperatively and 9 (64 per cent) have been free of infection postoperatively. There were no operative deaths and the average postoperative hospital stay was 17.6 days. We herein demonstrate that bilateral renal surgery for stone removal in 1 operative session can be performed safely with results comparable to those of unilateral staged procedures using other approaches. The advantages of this type of surgical management are discussed. PMID:6834484
Demler, J W; Dennis, M A; Finlayson, B
Multiresolution Bilateral Filtering for Image Denoising
The bilateral filter is a nonlinear filter that does spatial averaging without smoothing edges; it has shown to be an effective image denoising technique. An important issue with the application of the bilateral filter is the selection of the filter parameters, which affect the results significantly. There are two main contributions of this paper. The first contribution is an empirical study of the optimal bilateral filter parameter selection in image denoising applications. The second contribution is an extension of the bilateral filter: multiresolution bilateral filter, where bilateral filtering is applied to the approximation (low-frequency) subbands of a signal decomposed using a wavelet filter bank. The multiresolution bilateral filter is combined with wavelet thresholding to form a new image denoising framework, which turns out to be very effective in eliminating noise in real noisy images. Experimental results with both simulated and real data are provided.
Zhang, Ming; Gunturk, Bahadir K.
The dorsal premammillary nucleus: an unusual component of the mammillary body.
The results of anterograde and retrograde axonal transport experiments in the rat indicate that the dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMd) gives rise to a branched pathway ending in the anterior thalamic group and brainstem, like the medial and lateral mammillary nuclei. However, unlike these nuclei, the ascending PMd projection courses through and to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, and the descending PMd projection ends in the periaqueductal gray, superior colliculus, and adjacent parts of the reticular formation. Also unlike the traditional mammillary nuclei, the PMd does not receive a direct input from the columns of the fornix; instead, it receives a bilateral input from the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, which in turn receives inputs from areas related to the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. The results provide interesting perspectives on the organization of medial hypothalamic circuits underlying the goal-oriented behaviors associated with hunger, thirst, and reproduction. Images
Canteras, N S; Swanson, L W
Functions and Regulation of Circular Dorsal Ruffles
Cells construct a number of plasma membrane structures to meet a range of physiological demands. Driven by juxtamembrane actin machinery, these actin-based membrane protrusions are essential for the operation and maintenance of cellular life. They are required for diverse cellular functions, such as directed cell motility, cell spreading, adhesion, and substrate/matrix degradation. Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are one class of such structures characterized as F-actin-rich membrane projections on the apical cell surface. CDRs commence their formation minutes after stimulation as flat, open, and immature ruffles and progressively develop into fully enclosed circular ruffles. These "rings" then mature and contract centrifugally before subsiding. Serving a critical function in receptor internalization and cell migration, CDRs are thus highly dynamic but transient formations. Here, we review the current state of knowledge concerning the regulation of circular dorsal ruffles. We focus specifically on the biochemical pathways leading to CDR formation in order to better define the roles and functions of these enigmatic structures.
Hoon, Jing-Ling; Wong, Wai-Keung
Dorsal root vasodilatation in cat skeletal muscle.
1. A study has been made, in the cat anaesthetized with chloralose, of the effects of antidromic stimulation of dorsal roots L6-S1 on the blood flow through the gastrocnemius muscle. 2. Stimulation of the peripheral ends of the ligated dorsal roots with current pulses of 0.3-0.5 msec duration and at intensities most effective in activating the smaller afferent fibres, for periods of 15-20 sec, produced a 50-60% increase in muscle vascular conductance which was slow in onset and long outlasted the stimulus. 3. This muscle vasodilatation could be evoked in the paralysed animal and was unaffected by guanethidine or atropine. It was, however, greatly reduced or even abolished by the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, indomethacin or acetylsalicylic acid, in doses which had no effect on the dilatation produced by a local injection of acetylcholine or the functional hyperaemia induced by muscle contraction. 4. It is concluded that activity in the smaller myelinated or unmyelinated afferent fibres of skeletal muscle produces an increase in muscle blood flow which is mediated, at least in part, by prostaglandins locally synthesized within the muscle.
Hilton, S M; Marshall, J M
Involvement of the dorsal and ventral attention networks in oddball stimulus processing: a meta-analysis.
The aim of this study was to provide the first, comprehensive meta-analysis of the neuroimaging literature regarding greater neural responses to a deviant stimulus in a stream of repeated, standard stimuli, termed here oddball effects. The meta-analysis of 75 independent studies included a comparison of auditory and visual oddball effects and task-relevant and task-irrelevant oddball effects. The results were interpreted with reference to the model in which a large-scale dorsal frontoparietal network embodies a mechanism for orienting attention to the environment, whereas a large-scale ventral frontoparietal network supports the detection of salient, environmental changes. The meta-analysis yielded three main sets of findings. First, ventral network regions were strongly associated with oddball effects and largely common to auditory and visual modalities, indicating a supramodal "alerting" system. Most ventral network components were more strongly associated with task-relevant than task-irrelevant oddball effects, indicating a dynamic interplay of stimulus saliency and internal goals in stimulus-driven engagement of the network. Second, the bilateral inferior frontal junction, an anterior core of the dorsal network, was strongly associated with oddball effects, suggesting a central role in top-down attentional control. However, other dorsal network regions showed no or only modest association with oddball effects, likely reflecting active engagement during both oddball and standard stimulus processing. Finally, prominent oddball effects outside the two networks included the sensory cortex regions, likely reflecting attentive and preattentive modulation of early sensory activity, and subcortical regions involving the putamen, thalamus, and other areas, likely reflecting subcortical involvement in alerting responses. PMID:23900833
Kim, Hongkeun
A test revealing the slow acquisition and the dorsal stream substrate of visuo-spatial perception.
We propose a battery of simple clinical tests to assess the development of elementary visuo-spatial perception. We postulate that most of the tasks we selected rely on the visual dorsal stream, although the dual-stream theory (Milner & Goodale, 1995) discards the role of the dorsal stream for visual perception. In order to test the contribution of this anatomical substrate in visuo-spatial perception, we evaluated the performance of two adult patients with acquired bilateral occipito-parietal (dorsal stream) damage. Additionally, the developmental evolution was assessed by testing 96 children from 4 to 12 years old (4 two-year age groups of 24 children). In order to determine the point at which children achieved adult performance, and to provide a control group for the two patients, we also tested a group of 14 healthy adults. The results highlighted the necessity for age-dependent normative values: adult performance was achieved only at the age of 8 for length and size comparisons and at 12 for dot localisation. In contrast, the ability to judge angles and midlines did not reach adult performance even in the oldest group of children, suggesting further acquisition through adolescence. Occipito-parietal lesions strongly and differentially affected elementary visuo-spatial tasks. In overall scores, the two adult patients were approximately at the level of 6-year olds, below the outlier limit of the adult group. They were on average within the adult interquartile range for processing length and size but clearly outside for the 4 other subtests (Angle, Midline, Position perception and Position selection). As a whole, these data both shed light on the neuroanatomical bases of visuo-spatial perception and allow for age-specific comparisons in children with developmental disorders potentially linked to visuo-spatial and/or attentional defects. PMID:23174400
Pisella, L; André, V; Gavault, E; Le Flem, A; Luc-Pupat, E; Glissoux, C; Barričre, A; Vindras, P; Rossetti, Y; Gonzalez-Monge, S
Bilateral behavioral and regional cerebral blood flow changes during painful peripheral mononeuropathy in the rat
A unilateral chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve produced bilateral effects in both pain related behaviors and in the pattern of forebrain activation. All CCI animals exhibited spontaneous pain-related behaviors as well as bilateral hyperalgesia and allodynia after CCI. Further, we identified changes in baseline (unstimulated) forebrain activation patterns 2 weeks following CCI by measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Compared to controls, CCI consistently produced detectable, well-localized and typically bilateral increases in rCBF within multiple forebrain structures in unstimulated animals. For example, the hindlimb region of somatosensory cortex was significantly activated (22%) as well as multiple thalamc nuclei, including the ventral medial (8%), ventral posterior lateral (10%) and the posterior (9%) nuclear groups. In addition, several forebrain regions considered to be part of the limbic system showed pain-induced changes in rCBF, including the anterior dorsal nucleus of the thalamus (23%), cingulate cortex (18%), retrosplenial cortex (30%), habenular complex (53%), interpeduncular nucleus (45%) and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (30%). Our results suggest that bilateral somatosensory and limbic forebrain structures participate in the neural mechanisms of prolonged persistent pain produced by a unilateral injury. Published for the International Association for the Study of Pain by Elsevier Science B.V.
Paulson, Pamela E.; Morrow, Thomas J.; Casey, Kenneth L.
Dorsal Wrist Capsular Tears in Association with Scapholunate Instability: Results of an Arthroscopic Dorsal Capsuloplasty
Purpose?The purpose of this study is to report the association of dorsal wrist capsular avulsion with scapholunate ligament instability and to evaluate the results of an arthroscopy-assisted repair. Methods?We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients with a mean age of 39.1 years suffering from chronic dorsal wrist pain. They underwent a wrist arthroscopy with an evaluation of the scapholunate ligament complex from the radiocarpal and midcarpal compartments. An avulsion of the dorsal intercarpal ligament (DICL) from the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) was visible from the radiocarpal compartment in all cases, while the SLIL was intact. The DICL tear was repaired with an arthroscopy-assisted dorsal capsuloplasty. Patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively by the QuickDASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) questionnaire, by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and by a clinical and radiological examination. Results?Preoperatively, all patients had reduced flexion and radial deviation of the affected wrist. On the lateral radiograph, 5 of the 10 patients showed an increase of the scapholunate angle (60 to 85°). The scapholunate instability was graded as Messina–European Wrist Arthroscopy Society (EWAS) II in five cases and as grade IIIB in five cases. A tear of the ulnar part of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) was found in seven cases. At a mean followup of 16 months, the wrist range of motion (ROM), the grip strength, the QuickDASH, and the VAS of pain improved significatively. The scapholunate angle was normalized in all cases. Discussion?Isolated tears of the DICL at its insertion from the dorsal part of the SLIL can be associated with scapholunate instability in the absence of an injury to the SLIL. The diagnosis is made arthroscopically. The arthroscopic dorsal capsuloplasty is a minimally invasive technique that provides short-term satisfactory results. Further studies are needed to determine whether repair of the DICL tear could prevent secondary destabilization of the scapholunate ligament complex. Level of evidence?IV (case series) Diagnosis
Binder, Adeline Cambon; Kerfant, Nathalie; Wahegaonkar, Abhijeet L.; Tandara, Andrea A.; Mathoulin, Christophe L.
Phasic activity of human dorsal foot veins.
Phasic contractions of the dorsal foot veins were detected in 7 male subjects, aged 23 to 49 years, by means of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) after congesting the veins by a pressure of 6.7 kPa (50 torr). This phasic activity (PA) had a frequency of 3 to 7 contractions per minute and led to a periodic diminution of the diameter of the distended veins by 12 to 44%. Using a double LVDT, the PA was shown to represent peristaltic waves travelling along the vessel wall concomitantly with the venous return. Determined in 3 out of the 7 subjects, the velocity of the waves amounted to 3.6 to 6.1 mm per second. A rheological significance of the peristaltic waves is assumed. PMID:3178793
Barthel, W; Koth, W
Sunscreen Use on the Dorsal Hands at the Beach
Background. Since skin of the dorsal hands is a known site for the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, an epidemiologic investigation was needed to determine if beachgoers apply sunscreen to the dorsal aspect of their hands as frequently as they apply it to other skin sites. Aim. The aim of the current study was to compare the use of sunscreen on the dorsal hands to other areas of the body during subtropical late spring and summer sunlight exposure at the beach. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional survey from a convenience sample of beachgoers was designed to evaluate respondent understanding and protective measures concerning skin cancer on the dorsal hands in an environment with high natural UVR exposure. Results. A total of 214 surveys were completed and analyzed. Less than half of subjects (105, 49%) applied sunscreen to their dorsal hands. Women applied sunscreen to the dorsal hands more than men (55% women versus 40% men, P = 0.04). Higher Fitzpatrick Skin Type respondents were less likely to protect their dorsal hands from ultraviolet radiation (P = 0.001). Conclusions. More public education focused on dorsal hand protection from ultraviolet radiation damage is necessary to reduce the risk for squamous cell carcinomas of the hands.
Warren, Donald B.; Riahi, Ryan R.; Hobbs, Jason B.; Wagner, Richard F.
Biometric identification through palm and dorsal hand vein patterns
Hand vein patterns are among the biometric traits being investigated today for identification purposes, attracting interest from both the research community and industry. This paper presents a multimodal system that combines hand-palm vein and hand-dorsal vein biometrics information at the score level. The palm and dorsal veins are considered as texture samples being automatically extracted from the user's hand image.
Sanchit; Mauricio Ramalho; Paulo Lobato Correia; Luis Ducla Soares
Bilateral facial synkinesis in leprosy
Leprosy is an important cause of cranial nerve palsy in endemic areas where it may be seen in upto 17.6% patients. The authors herein describe a rare case of bilaterally symmetrical facial synkinesis with video documentation and modified blink reflex. A 35-year-old gentleman presented with numbness involving right half of his face for 8 months and abnormal stretching sensations over both sides of his nose for one and a half months. Sensory and motor involvement of the right trigeminal nerve was detected along with bilaterally symmetrical facial synkinesis involving orbicularis oculi and nasalis. R1 and R2 responses consistent with mis-reinnervation were recorded on the left-side using orbicularis oculi and nasalis muscles. Skin biopsy revealed acid-fast bacilli and sural nerve biopsy, the presence of granulomas. After 3 months of follow-up on WHO multi-drug therapy, an improvement in facial sensations was observed but without any change in facial synkinetic movements.
Malhotra, Hardeep Singh; Garg, Ravindra Kumar; Goel, Madhu Mati; Jain, Amita; Gupta, Arvind; Lalla, Rakesh; Singh, Gyan Prakash
Sequential bilateral retinal artery occlusion
An 86 year old woman experienced a sequential bilateral loss of vision over a period of less than 24 hours. Clinical findings and complementary studies suggested a bilateral atherogenic embolic event. Initially, she presented a superior branch retinal artery occlusion in her right eye followed by a central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal artery sparing in her left eye. Some conservative maneuvers performed did not improve visual acuity in the left eye. Supra-aortic Doppler ultrasonography revealed mild right internal carotid artery stenosis and moderate left internal carotid artery stenosis with a small, smooth, and homogeneous plaque. The transthoracic echocardiography showed a severe calcification of the mitral valve with a mild-moderate rim of stenosis. Central retinal artery occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusion are characterized by painless monocular loss of vision. Clinical approach and management attempt to treat the acute event, find the source of the vascular occlusion, and prevent further vascular events from occurring. Giant cell arteritis is a potentially treatable cause of central retinal artery occlusion and should be excluded in every single patient over 50 years old.
Padron-Perez, Noel; Arones, Janny Rosario; Munoz, Silvia; Arias-Barquet, Luis; Arruga, Jorge
Focal orchitis presenting as bilateral testicular masses
A 14-year-old male presented with bilateral scrotal pain. Ultrasound with Doppler revealed multiple bilateral testicular masses that were hypoechoic and hypervascular. Tumor markers and endocrinologic work-up were normal. Bilateral inguinal exploration of the testicles was done and biopsy revealed inflammation with no evidence of malignancy. The patient's pain resolved a few weeks postoperatively. Follow-up ultrasound revealed resolution of the masses.
Jose A. Karam; Linda A. Baker
A clinical analysis of bilateral orbital fracture.
Although bilateral orbital fracture can cause serious eyeball and facial skeletal problems, few reports have been issued on the topic. We analyzed the clinical features of bilateral orbital fracture by reviewing the medical records of 147 patients and compared bilateral and unilateral fractures by reviewing the literature.Bilateral orbital fracture was most common in men aged between 50 and 59 years. A traffic accident was the leading cause of trauma, and average time between trauma and surgery was 12.2 days. Bilateral medial fracture accompanied by nasal fracture accounted for the overwhelming majority, and impure blowout fracture in at least 1 eye occurred in 69.4% of the 147 patients. Associated ocular injuries seemed to be similar for bilateral and unilateral fracture. Thirty-five patients (23.8%) had other multiple traumas affecting other than the eyes, and this significantly increased the need for surgery (P < 0.05). Of the 48 patients who underwent surgery, including 4 cases of bilateral surgery, 21 patients who had ocular motility restriction with central diplopia within 30 degrees almost completely recovered. No significant relation between the timing of surgery and improvement was found. Although unilateral surgery was performed in most cases, facial asymmetry related to enophthalmos was unclear at 6 months postoperatively.In summary, bilateral orbital fracture was found to be clinically distinguishable from unilateral fracture in several aspects. We hope these findings provide a reference guide to the approach and management of bilateral orbital fracture. PMID:24514894
Roh, Joon Ho; Jung, Jee Woong; Chi, Mijung
Developmental dissociation of visual dorsal stream parvo and magnocellular representations and the functional impact of negative retinotopic BOLD responses.
Localized neurodevelopmental defects provide an opportunity to study structure-function correlations in the human nervous system. This unique multimodal case report of epileptogenic dysplasia in the visual cortex allowed exploring visual function across distinct pathways in retinotopic regions and the dorsal stream, in relation to fMRI retinotopic mapping and spike triggered BOLD responses. Pre-surgical EEG/video monitoring, MRI/DTI, EEG/fMRI, PET and SPECT were performed to characterize structure/function correlations in this patient with a very early lesion onset. In addition, we included psychophysical methods (assessing parvo/konio and magnocellular pathways) and retinotopic mapping. We could identify dorsal stream impairment (with extended contrast sensitivity deficits within the input magno system contrasting with more confined parvocellular deficits) with disrupted active visual field input representations in regions neighboring the lesion. Simultaneous EEG/fMRI identified perilesional and retinotopic bilaterally symmetric BOLD deactivation triggered by interictal spikes, which matched the contralateral spread of magnocellular dysfunction revealed in the psychophysical tests. Topographic changes in retinotopic organization further suggested long term functional effects of abnormal electrical discharges during brain development. We conclude that fMRI based visual field cortical mapping shows evidence for retinotopic dissociation between magno and parvocellular function well beyond striate cortex, identifiable in high level dorsal visual representations around visual area V3A which is consistent with the effects of epileptic spike triggered negative BOLD. PMID:23933589
Duarte, Isabel Catarina; Cunha, Gil; Castelhano, Joăo; Sales, Francisco; Reis, Aldina; Cunha, Joăo Paulo Silva; Castelo-Branco, Miguel
Dorsal-ventral gene expression in the Drosophila embryo reflects the dynamics and precision of the dorsal nuclear gradient.
Patterning of the dorsal-ventral axis in the early Drosophila embryo depends on the nuclear distribution of the Dorsal transcription factor. Using live two-photon light-sheet microscopy, we quantified the nuclear Dorsal gradient in space and time and found that its amplitude and basal levels display oscillations throughout early embryonic development. These dynamics raise questions regarding how cells can reproducibly establish patterns of gene expression from a rapidly varying signal. We therefore quantified domains of Dorsal target genes, discovering their expression patterns are also dynamic. Computational modeling of this system reveals a correlation between Dorsal gradient dynamics and changes in target gene expression and suggests that these dynamics, together with time averaging of noise, results in the formation of graded gene expression borders in regions where the gradient is nearly flat. We propose that mRNA levels remain plastic during transient signaling events, allowing tissues to refine patterns in the face of genetic or environmental variation. PMID:22342544
Reeves, Gregory T; Trisnadi, Nathanie; Truong, Thai V; Nahmad, Marcos; Katz, Sophie; Stathopoulos, Angelike
Dorsal-Ventral Gene Expression in the Drosophila Embryo Reflects the Dynamics and Precision of the Dorsal Nuclear Gradient
SUMMARY Patterning of the dorsal-ventral axis in the early Drosophila embryo depends on the nuclear distribution of the Dorsal transcription factor. Using live two-photon light-sheet microscopy, we quantified the nuclear Dorsal gradient in space and time and found that its amplitude and basal levels display oscillations throughout early embryonic development. These dynamics raise questions regarding how cells can reproducibly establish patterns of gene expression from a rapidly varying signal. We therefore quantified domains of Dorsal target genes, discovering their expression patterns are also dynamic. Computational modeling of this system reveals a correlation between Dorsal gradient dynamics and changes in target gene expression and suggests that these dynamics, together with time averaging of noise, results in the formation of graded gene expression borders in regions where the gradient is nearly flat. We propose that mRNA levels remain plastic during transient signaling events, allowing tissues to refine patterns in the face of genetic or environmental variation.
Reeves, Gregory T.; Trisnadi, Nathanie; Truong, Thai V.; Nahmad, Marcos; Katz, Sophie; Stathopoulos, Angelike
The sensory dorsal organs of crustaceans.
The cuticle of crustaceans bears numerous organs, of which the functions of many are unknown. One of these, the sensory dorsal organ (SDO), is present in a wide diversity of taxa. Here we critically review the variability, ultrastructure, distribution, and possible function of this enigmatic cuticular organ. Previous data are complemented by new observations on larvae and adults of various malacostracans. The SDO is composed of four sensors arranged as the corners of a square, the centre of which is occupied by a gland. Pores or pegs surrounding this central complex may also form part of the organ. The arrangement and the external aspect of the five main elements varies greatly, but this apparently has little impact on their ultrastructural organisation. The sensors and the gland are associated with a particularly thin cuticle. Each sensor contains four outer dendritic segments and the central gland is made of a single large cell. It is not yet known what this large cell secretes. The SDO is innervated from the tritocerebrum and therefore belongs to the third cephalic segment. A similar organ, here called the posterior SDO, has been repeatedly observed more posteriorly on the carapace. It resembles the SDO but has a greater number of sensors (usually six, but up to ten) apparently associated with only two outer dendritic segments. The SDO and the posterior SDO are known in the Eumalacostraca, the Hoplocarida, and the Phyllocarida. Some branchiopods also possess a 'dorsal organ' resembling both the SDO and the ion-transporting organ more typical of this group. This may indicate a common origin for these two functionally distinct groups of organs. New observations on the posterior SDO support the hypothesis that the SDO and the posterior SDO are homologous to the lattice organ complexes of the costracans. However, the relationship between the SDO and the dorsal cephalic hump of calanoid copepods remains unclear. No correlation can be demonstrated between the presence of a SDO and a particular ecological or biological trait. In fossils, the most convincing examples of SDO-like organs are found in some Late Cambrian arthropods from the Alum Shale of southern Sweden. They suggest that related organs might have been present in non-crustacean Cambrian arthropods. The distribution of the SDO and posterior SDO in extant and fossil crustaceans strongly suggests that these organs originated early in the history of the group, and are crucial to the functioning of these organisms. However, except for knowing that the sensors are chemoreceptors and that in a given organ a functional relationship probably exists between them and the gland, little is known about this function. The description of a SDO in freshwater carideans, which can be easily reared in a laboratory, opens the way for behavioural and physiological experiments to be undertaken that could prove crucial for the determination of this function. PMID:23279348
Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Meyer, Roland
Quantitative imaging of the Dorsal nuclear gradient reveals limitations to threshold-dependent patterning in Drosophila
The NF-?B-related transcription factor, Dorsal, forms a nuclear concentration gradient in the early Drosophila embryo, patterning the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis to specify mesoderm, neurogenic ectoderm, and dorsal ectoderm cell fates. The concentration of nuclear Dorsal is thought to determine these patterning events; however, the levels of nuclear Dorsal have not been quantified previously. Furthermore, existing models of Dorsal-dependent germ layer specification and patterning consider steady-state levels of Dorsal relative to target gene expression patterns, yet both Dorsal gradient formation and gene expression are dynamic. We devised a quantitative imaging method to measure the Dorsal nuclear gradient while simultaneously examining Dorsal target gene expression along the DV axis. Unlike observations from other insects such as Tribolium, we find the Dorsal gradient maintains a constant bell-shaped distribution during embryogenesis. We also find that some classical Dorsal target genes are located outside the region of graded Dorsal nuclear localization, raising the question of whether these genes are direct Dorsal targets. Additionally, we show that Dorsal levels change in time during embryogenesis such that a steady state is not reached. These results suggest that the multiple gene expression outputs observed along the DV axis do not simply reflect a steady-state Dorsal nuclear gradient. Instead, we propose that the Dorsal gradient supplies positional information throughout nuclear cycles 10-14, providing additional evidence for the idea that compensatory combinatorial interactions between Dorsal and other factors effect differential gene expression along the DV axis.
Liberman, Louisa M.; Reeves, Gregory T.; Stathopoulos, Angelike
Loss of Heterozygosity in Bilateral Breast Cancer
Women who develop bilateral breast cancer at an early age are likely to harbour germline mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes. The aim of this study was to test for concordant genetic changes in left and right breast cancer of young women (age <50) with bilateral breast cancer that may suggest an inherited breast cancer predisposition. Microsatellite markers were used
J. Kollias; S. Man; M. Marafie; K. Carpenter; S. Pinder; I. O. Ellis; R. W. Blamey; G. Cross; J. D. Brook
Secondary polycythaemia associated with bilateral renal lymphocoeles.
A patient with a 15 year history of secondary polycythaemia due to renal erythropoietin hypersecretion is presented. Subsequent spontaneous development of bilateral renal lymphocoeles, which contained high erythropoietin levels, was shown by computerized tomography. The lymphocoeles were successfully treated by bilateral peritoneal marsupialization. No cause for the persistent polycythaemia or lymphocoeles was found at laparotomy or on renal biopsy. Images Figure 1
Burton, I. E.; Sambrook, P.; McWilliam, L. J.
This paper examines the China-ASEAN bilateral trade relationship, using the Gravity model where the per capita income difference is included in the specification for testing the hypothesis. The empirical results based on Bounds test proposed by Pesaran et al . (2001) reveal that the transportation cost and real GDP are statistically significant determinants of bilateral trade. The trade distance remains
Recurrent Bilateral Breast Abscesses after Sternotomy
Median sternotomy is the most commonly used incision in cardiothoracic procedures. Development of breast abscess after sternotomy is a very rare situation. We present a case of sternal wound infection with recurrent bilateral breast abscess after sternotomy. Our case is the first and only case in the literature due to the presence of sternal wound infection with recurrent bilateral breast abscess after sternotomy.
Cinar, Hamza; Ulusoy, Ali Naki; Kaya, Emir Fatih; Lap, Gokhan; Karabulut, Kagan; Polat, Ayfer Kamal?; Selcuk Ozbalci, Gokhan
Multiresolution Bilateral Filtering for Image Denoising
The bilateral filter is a nonlinear filter that does spatial averaging without smoothing edges; it has shown to be an effective image denoising technique. An important issue with the application of the bilateral filter is the selection of the filter parameters, which affect the results significantly. There are two main contributions of this paper. The first contribution is an empirical
Ming Zhang; Bahadir K. Gunturk
Myoclonus-induced bilateral acetabular fracture dislocations.
An uncommon case of myoclonus-induced bilateral central acetabular fracture-dislocation is presented. Although different fracture types due to forceful muscular contractions have been reported, this is an exceedingly uncommon injury pattern. Bilateral total hip arthroplasty, in combination with a reinforcement ring and autologous bone grafting, was performed after open reduction and internal fixation. PMID:18703309
Balcarek, Peter; Dresing, Klaus; Walde, Tim Alexander; Tezval, Mohammad; Stürmer, Klaus M
Are The Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus functionally distinct structures?
One literature treats the hippocampus as a purely cognitive structure involved in memory; another treats it as a regulator of emotion whose dysfunction leads to psychopathology. We review behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression studies that together support a functional segmentation into 3 hippocampal compartments dorsal, intermediate and ventral. The dorsal hippocampus, which corresponds to the posterior hippocampus in primates, performs primarily cognitive functions. The ventral (anterior in primates) relates to stress, emotion and affect. Strikingly, gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus correlates with cortical regions involved in information processing, while genes expressed in the ventral hippocampus correlate with regions involved in emotion and stress (amygdala and hypothalamus).
Fanselow, Michael S.; Dong, Hong-Wei
Cdc42 is required in a genetically distinct subset of cardiac cells during Drosophila dorsal vessel closure.
The embryonic heart tube is formed by the migration and subsequent midline convergence of two bilateral heart fields. In Drosophila the heart fields are organized into two rows of cardioblasts (CBs). While morphogenesis of the dorsal ectoderm, which lies directly above the Drosophila dorsal vessel (DV), has been extensively characterized, the migration and concomitant fundamental factors facilitating DV formation remain poorly understood. Here we provide evidence that DV closure occurs at multiple independent points along the A-P axis of the embryo in a "buttoning" pattern, divergent from the zippering mechanism observed in the overlying epidermis during dorsal closure. Moreover, we demonstrate that a genetically distinct subset of CBs is programmed to make initial contact with the opposing row. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying this process, we examined the role of Rho GTPases during cardiac migration using inhibitory and overexpression approaches. We found that Cdc42 shows striking cell-type specificity during DV formation. Disruption of Cdc42 function specifically prevents CBs that express the homeobox gene tinman from completing their dorsal migration, resulting in a failure to make connections with their partnering CBs. Conversely, neighboring CBs that express the orphan nuclear receptor, seven-up, are not sensitive to Cdc42 inhibition. Furthermore, this phenotype was specific to Cdc42 and was not observed upon perturbation of Rac or Rho function. Together with the observation that DV closure occurs through the initial contralateral pairing of tinman-expressing CBs, our studies suggest that the distinct buttoning mechanism we propose for DV closure is elaborated through signaling pathways regulating Cdc42 activity in this cell type. PMID:24949939
Swope, David; Kramer, Joseph; King, Tiffany R; Cheng, Yi-Shan; Kramer, Sunita G
[Back pain and dorsal kyphosis in childhood].
Juvenile idiopathic osteoporosis (JIO) is a rare condition of unknown aetiology, with pre-pubertal onset and frequently spontaneous remission after puberty. We report a case of a 14 years old boy, which two years before began dorso-lumbar pain with dorsal kyphosis. At the age of 12, he was on percentil 25 for height and had no other symptoms or alterations on physical exam. He had multiple vertebral fractures, a low serum vitamin D, and a Z-score in lumbar spine of -5,3. Diagnosis of JIO was made after excluding other causes of juvenile osteoporosis. He was submitted to pamidronate therapy and after six months showed clinical and bone mineral density improvement. At the age of 14 he is asymptomatic. The authors present this clinical case because of is rarity and to point out that although many cases have spontaneous remission, without any therapy, some may persist and become more serious, with pain and multiple fractures, justifying therapeutic intervention. PMID:17058388
Cravo, Ana Rita; Tavares, Viviana; Canhăo, Helena; da Silva, J Canas
Bilateral Descending Hypothalamic Projections to the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis in Rats
Several lines of evidence suggest that the hypothalamus is involved in trigeminal pain processing. However, the organization of descending hypothalamic projections to the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) remains poorly understood. Microinjections of the retrograde tracer, fluorogold (FG), into the Sp5C, in rats, reveal that five hypothalamic nuclei project to the Sp5C: the paraventricular nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area, the perifornical hypothalamic area, the A11 nucleus and the retrochiasmatic area. Descending hypothalamic projections to the Sp5C are bilateral, except those from the paraventricular nucleus which exhibit a clear ipsilateral predominance. Moreover, the density of retrogradely FG-labeled neurons in the hypothalamus varies according to the dorso-ventral localization of the Sp5C injection site. There are much more labeled neurons after injections into the ventrolateral part of the Sp5C (where ophthalmic afferents project) than after injections into its dorsomedial or intermediate parts (where mandibular and maxillary afferents, respectively, project). These results demonstrate that the organization of descending hypothalamic projections to the spinal dorsal horn and Sp5C are different. Whereas the former are ipsilateral, the latter are bilateral. Moreover, hypothalamic projections to the Sp5C display somatotopy, suggesting that these projections are preferentially involved in the processing of meningeal and cutaneous inputs from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve in rats. Therefore, our results suggest that the control of trigeminal and spinal dorsal horn processing of nociceptive information by hypothalamic neurons is different and raise the question of the role of bilateral, rather than unilateral, hypothalamic control.
Abdallah, Khaled; Artola, Alain; Monconduit, Lenaic; Dallel, Radhouane; Luccarini, Philippe
Bilateral descending hypothalamic projections to the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis in rats.
Several lines of evidence suggest that the hypothalamus is involved in trigeminal pain processing. However, the organization of descending hypothalamic projections to the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) remains poorly understood. Microinjections of the retrograde tracer, fluorogold (FG), into the Sp5C, in rats, reveal that five hypothalamic nuclei project to the Sp5C: the paraventricular nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area, the perifornical hypothalamic area, the A11 nucleus and the retrochiasmatic area. Descending hypothalamic projections to the Sp5C are bilateral, except those from the paraventricular nucleus which exhibit a clear ipsilateral predominance. Moreover, the density of retrogradely FG-labeled neurons in the hypothalamus varies according to the dorso-ventral localization of the Sp5C injection site. There are much more labeled neurons after injections into the ventrolateral part of the Sp5C (where ophthalmic afferents project) than after injections into its dorsomedial or intermediate parts (where mandibular and maxillary afferents, respectively, project). These results demonstrate that the organization of descending hypothalamic projections to the spinal dorsal horn and Sp5C are different. Whereas the former are ipsilateral, the latter are bilateral. Moreover, hypothalamic projections to the Sp5C display somatotopy, suggesting that these projections are preferentially involved in the processing of meningeal and cutaneous inputs from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve in rats. Therefore, our results suggest that the control of trigeminal and spinal dorsal horn processing of nociceptive information by hypothalamic neurons is different and raise the question of the role of bilateral, rather than unilateral, hypothalamic control. PMID:23951340
Abdallah, Khaled; Artola, Alain; Monconduit, Lénaic; Dallel, Radhouane; Luccarini, Philippe
Bilateral Diaphragmatic Hernia Due to Blunt Trauma; a Case Report.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A case of bilateral diaphragmatic hernia due to blunt trauma with clinical manifestations similar to those of cardiac tamponade was treated successfully by bilateral thoracotomy and laparotomy. Two types can be distinguished: (1) True bilateral diaphragma...
W. Enyu
Dorsal locked plate fixation of distal radius fractures.
Distal radius fractures are common, and internal fixation for operative management of these injuries is widely accepted. Although use of the volar approach for plate fixation has become more popular, benefits of the dorsal surgical approach include the potential for direct reduction and assessment of articular alignment, evaluation and management of concomitant intrinsic intercarpal ligament injury, and initiation of early range of motion. For certain fracture patterns, dorsal plate fixation is the preferred surgical technique. Improvements in implant design, in particular the use of low-profile dorsal plates, has decreased the rate of complications seen previously with this technique. Here, we provide an overview of the evaluation of patients with distal radius fractures, as well as the surgical indications and contraindications, techniques, and complications after dorsal locked plate fixation of intra-articular distal radius fractures. PMID:23751326
Lutsky, Kevin; Boyer, Martin; Goldfarb, Charles
Thoracoscopic Dorsal Sympathectomy for Upper Limb Buerger's Disease
Background and Objectives: Thromboangiitis obliterans is a common peripheral vascular disease in India. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of thoracoscopic dorsal sympathectomy as a treatment for Buerger disease of the upper extremities. Methods: Thirty thoracoscopic dorsal sympathectomies (17 left- and 13 right-sided) were performed in a tertiary medical center in 5 women and 20 men (mean age, 41 years) between July 2010 and February 2013. Results: The mean operative time was 30 minutes, and the mean hospital stay was 52 hours. There were no complications. All patients had improvement in pain and were relapse-free after a mean follow-up period of 11.63 months. Discussion: Thoracoscopic dorsal sympathectomy reduces pain significantly by reducing peripheral resistance and promoting collateral development. The increased magnification of the thoracoscopic approach permits better visualization, ensuring complete excision and therefore good results. Thoracoscopic dorsal sympathectomy for Buerger disease of the upper limb is a safe and effective treatment.
Kothari, Reena; Thakur, Dileep Singh; Kumar, Vinod; Somashekar, Uday
Equine pericardium membrane to prevent dorsal irregularities in rhinoplasty.
Even after a well-executed rhinoplasty, small dorsal irregularities are not uncommon. Many materials have been used for camouflage, including autologous, homologous, and alloplastic materials. We used an equine pericardium membrane in 33 postrhinoplasty patients to prevent or correct nasal dorsal irregularities. The membrane promotes a local fibrous reaction, which leaves a uniform connective layer. In our hands, equine pericardium membrane seems to be a useful material for rhinoplasty refinements. PMID:23676515
Marianetti, Tito Matteo; Grussu, Francesca; Cervelli, Daniele; Gasparini, Giulio; Pelo, Sandro
Bilateral symmetry across Aphrodite Terra
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
There are three main highland areas on Venus: Beta Regio, Ishtar Terra and Aphrodite Terra. The latter is least known and the least mapped, yet existing analyses of Aphrodite Terra based on available Pioneer-Venus orbiter data suggest that it may be the site of extensive rifting. Some of the highest resolution (30 km) PV data (SAR) included most of the western half of Aphrodite Terra. Recent analysis of the SAR data together with Arecibo range-doppler topographic profiling (10 X 100 km horizontal and 10 m vertical resolution) across parts of Aphrodite, further characterized the nature of possible tectonic processes in the equatorial highlands. The existence of distinct topographic and radar morphologic linear discontinuities across the nearly east-west strike of Aphrodite Terra is indicated. Another prominent set of linear features is distinctly parallel to and orthogonal to the ground tracks of the PV spacecraft and are not included because of the possibility that they are artifacts. Study of the northwest trending cross-strike discontinuities (CSD's) and the nature of topographic and morphologic features along their strike suggest the presence of bilateral topographic and morphologic symmetry about the long axis of Aphrodite Terra.
Crumpler, L. S.; Head, J. W.; Campbell, D. B.
Bilateral Congenital Lacrimal Fistula in Down Syndrome
Congenital lacrimal fistulae are rare in Down syndrome and bilateral presentation is very unusual. It can be associated with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. We report a 3-year-old female with Down syndrome who presented with watering and discharge from both eyes and bilateral fistulous openings present inferonasal to the medial canthus. Upon examination, the lacrimal sac regurgitation test was positive on both sides. Our case report documents a distinctive case of bilateral congenital lacrimal fistulae in association with Down syndrome. It was managed successfully by primary fistulectomy and nasolacrimal duct probing.
Singh, Manpreet; Singh, Usha
Bilateral cataract surgery: A controlled clinical trial
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery with respect to patient satisfaction, outcomes,\\u000a and complication rates.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Methods We conducted a prospective study of consecutive patients who had simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery on the same day or\\u000a separate bilateral cataract surgery with an interval of 2 days between operations. The changes in refraction, visual acuity,\\u000a degree of anisometropia,
J. K. Chung; Song Hee Park; Woo Jin Lee; Sung Jin Lee
Fibromuscular Dysplasia Presenting with Bilateral Renal Infarction
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) describes a group of conditions which cause nonatheromatous arterial stenoses, most commonly of the renal and carotid arteries, typically in young women. We report a rare case of bilateral segmental renal infarction secondary to FMD in a young male patient. His initial presentation with loin pain and pyrexia resulted in a delay in the definitive diagnosis of FMD. He was successfully treated with bilateral balloon angioplasty. The delayed diagnosis in this patient until the condition had progressed to bilateral renal infarcts highlights the need for prompt investigation and diagnosis of suspected cases of FMD.
Doody, O., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Alfred Hospital, Department of Radiology (Australia); Adam, W. R. [University of Melbourne and Goulburn Valley Health, School of Rural Health (Australia); Foley, P. T.; Lyon, S. M. [Alfred Hospital, Department of Radiology (Australia)
Bilateral dacryocystoceles in a pregnant woman.
The authors describe, for the first time, bilateral, sequential large dacryocystoceles during pregnancy and review the literature for this presentation. A 26-year-old, 15-week pregnant woman presented with OD epiphora, diplopia, and pain in the setting of an inferomedial orbital mass. Surgical exploration and histopathology were consistent with a dacryocystocele, and a dacryocystorhinostomy was curative. She returned at 34-week gestation, with an identical presentation on the left side. Review of the literature reveals that dacryocystoceles occasionally present in adults; however, bilateral involvement may be unusual. Bilateral dacryocystoceles have not been previously reported in a pregnant woman. PMID:24025998
Hirabayashi, Kristin E; Yang, Elizabeth; Echegoyen, Julio; Yoon, Steven J; Tao, Jeremiah P
Removal of vegetal yolk causes dorsal deficencies and impairs dorsal-inducing ability of the yolk cell in zebrafish.
To examine the nature of cytoplasm determinants for dorsal specification in zebrafish, we have developed a method in which we remove the vegetal yolk hemisphere of early fertilized eggs (vegetal removed embryos). When the vegetal yolk mass was removed at the 1-cell stage, the embryos frequently exhibited typical ventralized phenotypes: no axial structures developed. The frequency of dorsal defects decreased when the operation was performed at later stages. Furthermore, the yolk cell obtained from the vegetal-removed embryos lost the ability to induce goosecoid in normal blastomeres while the normal yolk cell frequently did so in normal and vegetal-removed embryos. These results suggested that the vegetal yolk cell mass contains the dorsal determinants, and that the dorsal-inducing ability of the yolk cell is dependent on the determinants. PMID:10330484
Mizuno, T; Yamaha, E; Kuroiwa, A; Takeda, H
Dissociable roles of the dorsal striatum and dorsal hippocampus in conditional discrimination and spatial alternation T-maze tasks.
The roles of the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and dorsal striatum (DS) in the learning and retention of conditional discrimination (CD) rules is a subject of debate. Although previous studies have examined the relationship between the DH and DS and the performance of CD tasks in operant chambers, the relative contributions of these two brain regions to the retention of CD rules requiring an association between a cue and a spatial location have not been characterized. We designed an experiment to assess the roles of the DH and DS in the retention of a visuospatial CD task by transiently inactivating either structure with muscimol in separate groups of rats and measuring performance on a previously learned CD task. The performance of two other groups of rats on a previously learned delayed spatial alternation (DA) task was also measured following inactivation of either DS or DH, which allowed us to control for any possibly confounding effects of spatial cues present in the testing room, length of the intertrial interval period on the performance of the CD task, and muscimol on sensorimotor or motivational processing. Muscimol inactivation of dorsal striatum, but not dorsal hippocampus, impaired CD performance, while inactivation of dorsal hippocampus, but not dorsal striatum impaired DA performance. These results demonstrate a double dissociation between the roles of the DH and DS in these two tasks, and provide a systematic characterization of the relationship between these two brain areas and CD performance. PMID:23261856
Hallock, Henry L; Arreola, Adrian C; Shaw, Crystal L; Griffin, Amy L
Trans-radial bilateral iliac artery stenting.
We describe a step-by-step instructional 'how to' case of trans-radial bilateral iliac stenting using a 5-Fr guide sheath in a symptomatic patient to illustrate an alternative to common femoral artery access. PMID:23945043
Harruna, Shayibu; Jacobs, Evan S; White, Christopher J
Neuroma in bilateral upper limb amputation.
To evaluate the prevalence of neuroma in bilateral upper limb amputees and investigate the effect of level of amputation on their pain, 86 patients with bilateral upper limb amputation were thoroughly examined by an orthopedic surgeon. Of 172 bilateral amputated upper limbs (86 victims of war) 17.1+/-6.1 years after injury, physical examination revealed that 26.2% had moderate to severe stump pain and clinical signs suggestive of neuroma. Statistical analysis showed no relation between level of amputation, prosthesis usage, and occurrence of neuroma. Although high occurrence of neuroma among traumatic bilateral upper limb amputation had no significant effects on wearing prosthesis, its treatment can deeply influence alleviation of their pain and subsequently their quality of life. PMID:19226072
Soroush, Mansoor; Modirian, Ehsan; Soroush, Mohamadreza; Masoumi, Mahdi
Bilateral thoracic paravertebral block: potential and practice.
Paravertebral nerve blocks (PVBs) can provide excellent intraoperative anaesthetic and postoperative analgesic conditions with less adverse effects and fewer contraindications than central neural blocks. Most published data are related to unilateral PVB, but its potential as a bilateral technique has been demonstrated. Bilateral PVB has been used successfully in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions, sometimes obviating the need for general anaesthesia. We have reviewed the use of bilateral PVB in association with surgery and chronic pain therapy. This covers 12 published studies with a total of 538 patients, and with varied methods and outcome measures. Despite the need for relatively large doses of local anaesthetics, there are no reports of systemic toxicity. The incidence of complications such as pneumothorax and hypotension is low. More studies on the use of bilateral PVB are required. PMID:21233114
Richardson, J; Lönnqvist, P A; Naja, Z
38 CFR 4.26 - Bilateral factor.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...Thus with a compensable disability of the right thigh, for example, amputation, and one of the left foot, for example, pes planus, the bilateral factor applies, and similarly whenever there are compensable disabilities affecting use of paired...
Bilateral, Zero-Impedance Static Semiconductor Switch
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Static semiconductor switching circuit eliminates the undesirable features of electromechanical relays and conventional semiconductor switching circuits. There is a net zero voltage drop at the terminals and thus a zero impedance for bilateral currents there.
Doughman, C. L.
Bilateral persistent pupillary membranes associated with cataract
Summary Exuberant persistent pupillary membranes (PPM) are rare in adult eyes. We report the case of a 53-year-old man diagnosed with bilateral, profuse, persistent pupillary membranes and unilateral cataract.
Ahmad, Syed Shoeb; Binson, Caroline; Lung, Chong Ka; Ghani, Shuaibah Abdul
Bilateral Hippocampal Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
The hippocampus has long been known to be important for memory, with the right hippocampus particularly implicated in nonverbal/visuo-spatial memory and left in verbal/narrative or episodic memory. Despite this hypothesized lateralized functional difference, there has not been a single task that has been shown to activate both the right and left hippocampus differentially, dissociating the two, using neuroimaging. The transverse patterning (TP) task is a strong candidate for this purpose, as it has been shown in human and nonhuman animal studies to theoretically and empirically depend on the hippocampus. In TP, participants choose between stimuli presented in pairs, with the correct choice being a function of the specific pairing. In this project, TP was used to assess lateralized hippocampal function by varying its dependence on verbal material, with the goal of dissociating the two hippocampi. Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data were collected while controls performed verbal and nonverbal versions of TP in order to verify and validate lateralized activation within the hippocampi. Schizophrenia patients were evaluated to determine whether they exhibited a lateralized hippocampal deficit. As hypothesized, patients' mean level of behavioral performance was poorer than controls' on both verbal and nonverbal TP. In contrast, patients had no decrement in performance on a verbal and nonverbal non-hippocampal-dependent matched control task. Also, controls but not patients showed more right hippocampal activation during nonverbal TP and more left hippocampal activation during verbal TP. These data demonstrate the capacity to assess lateralized hippocampal function and suggest a bilateral hippocampal behavioral and activation deficit in schizophrenia.
Hanlon, Faith M.; Houck, Jon M.; Pyeatt, Clinton J.; Lundy, S. Laura; Euler, Matthew J.; Weisend, Michael P.; Thoma, Robert J.; Bustillo, Juan R.; Miller, Gregory A.; Tesche, Claudia D.
Bilateral Acute Epidural Hematoma with Good Outcome
Epidural haematomas are one of the most common complicated closed-head injuries, but they, rarely show any bilateral localization. We are reporting here a case of a man found unconscious with Glasgow Coma Scale score; 8/15. Computed tomography of skull revealed bilateral epidural hematoma. Two emergency craniotomies were performed simultaneously, with satisfactory radiological control and neurological outcome. We discussed the aspects of a etiology and treatment about this unusual condition.
Paiva, Wellingson Silva; Andrade, Almir Ferreira De; Alves, Aderaldo Costa Junior; Ribeiro, Iuri Neville; Teixeira, Manoel Jacobsen
Bilateral bifid mandibular canal: a case report.
The objective of this case report is to help clinicians identify bifid mandibular canals on panoramic radiographs and subsequently use the information in the modification of dental treatment planning. A 45-year old man was referred to the service of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology. Routine panoramic radiography, suggested the presence of bilateral bifid mandibular canals (BMC). Mandibular computed tomography revealed a clear view of bilateral mandibular canals. BMC can be detected on a panoramic radiograph. PMID:19218898
Miloglu, Ozkan; Yilmaz, Ahmet Berhan; Caglayan, Fatma
Bilateral Keratectasia 34 Years after Corneal Transplant
We report the clinical findings of a patient with severe bilateral keratectasia 34 years after a penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in both eyes. An otherwise healthy 67-year-old man complained of deterioration of the eyesight in both eyes over the last 6 months. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral keratoconus at the age of 32 years, and he underwent a bilateral PK. At presentation, visual acuity was 20/200 in the right eye and light perception in the left eye. A Pentacam pachymetric map revealed a central pachymetry of 720 ?m in the right eye and of 710 ?m in the left eye, as well as an average paracentral pachymetry of 436 and 270 ?m in the 9-mm zone in the right and the left eye, respectively. Corneal topography revealed bilateral irregular and asymmetric bowing with generalized steepening and high corneal power. We describe a case of bilateral keratectasia 34 years after PK in a patient who was originally diagnosed with bilateral keratoconus.
Valldeperas, Xavier; Angi, Martina; Romano, Vito; Romano, Mario R.
Bilateral Carotid Paraganglioma: Surgery and Radiotherapy
BACKGROUND Paragangliomas are relatively rare vascular tumors that develop from the neural crest cells of carotid bifurcation. They usually present as slow-growing, painless unilateral neck masses; bilateral presentation is rare and is mostly associated with familial forms. Bilateral total resection is not always possible for high-grade bilateral tumors, and radiotherapy is a good alternative, with cure rates similar to surgery. CASE REPORT A 35-year-old female patient was admitted with a chief complaint of a bilateral, painless mass located on her neck. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiographic imaging revealed bilateral hypervascular masses surrounding her carotid at 360°, and they were interpreted as stage 3 carotid paragangliomas according to the Shamblin classification protocol. Surgery was carried out on the left carotid paraganglioma and the mass was totally resected. It was thought that the patient could not tolerate bilateral surgery. Primary radiotherapy was planned on the right carotid paraganglioma: 59.8 gray (Gy) conformal, Linac-based multileaf collimator radiotherapy with a 180 cGy daily dosage, and five fractions per week were planned. RESULTS Follow-up at 3 months following the conclusion of radiotherapy revealed no significant regression. A follow-up MRI 6 months and 24 months later revealed 59% regression. Grade 2 esophagitis and minimal neck edema were the only complications noted during the course of radiotherapy and during the 24-month follow-up period. No complications or relapse were observed except for edema following neck surgery.
Kiziltan, Huriye S; Ozucer, Berke; Eris, Ali H; Veyseller, Bayram
Bilateral microvascular second toe transfer for bilateral post-traumatic thumb amputation
In bilateral thumb amputations, the functional impairment is serious and every attempt should be made to reconstruct the thumb. We report a case of bilateral post traumatic thumb amputation, reconstructed with bilateral second toe transfer. Only two such cases have been reported in literature so far. Though there are various modalities for the reconstruction of thumb, microvascular toe transfer has its own merits. The convalescent period is minimal with excellent function. It is bilaterally symmetric and aesthetically superior to the osteoplastic reconstruction. The technical details are discussed, and the long term functional and aesthetic results are presented.
Nehete, Rajendra; Nehete, Anita; Singla, Sandeep; Adhav, Harshad
Beta-band activity in auditory pathways reflects speech localization and recognition in bilateral cochlear implant users.
In normal-hearing listeners, localization of auditory speech involves stimulus processing in the postero-dorsal pathway of the auditory system. In quiet environments, bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users show high speech recognition performance, but localization of auditory speech is poor, especially when discriminating stimuli from the same hemifield. Whether this difficulty relates to the inability of the auditory system to translate binaural electrical cues into neural signals, or to a functional reorganization of auditory cortical pathways following long periods of binaural deprivation is unknown. In this electroencephalography study, we examined the processing of auditory syllables in postlingually deaf adults with bilateral CIs and in normal-hearing adults. Participants were instructed to either recognize ("recognition" task) or localize ("localization" task) the syllables. The analysis focused on event-related potentials and oscillatory brain responses. N1 amplitudes in CI users were larger in the localization compared with recognition task, suggesting an enhanced stimulus processing effort in the localization task. Linear beamforming of oscillatory activity in CI users revealed stronger suppression of beta-band activity after 200 ms in the postero-dorsal auditory pathway for the localization compared with the recognition task. In normal-hearing adults, effects for longer latency event-related potentials were found, but no effects were observed for N1 amplitudes or beta-band responses. Our study suggests that difficulties in speech localization in bilateral CI users are not reflected in a functional reorganization of cortical auditory pathways. New signal processing strategies of cochlear devices preserving unambiguous binaural cues may improve auditory localization performance in bilateral CI users. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3107-3121, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:24123535
Senkowski, Daniel; Pomper, Ulrich; Fitzner, Inga; Engel, Andreas Karl; Kral, Andrej
Involvement of the dorsal subiculum and rostral basolateral amygdala in cocaine cue extinction learning in rats
Memory system circuitry may regulate how cues associated with cocaine are extinguished, and understanding neurosubstrates of extinction may lead to the development of improved treatment strategies for cocaine addiction. Sites within the hippocampus and amygdala were investigated for their role in regulating cocaine cue extinction learning. Initially, rats were trained to self-administer cocaine under a second-order reinforcement schedule (cocaine and cocaine cues present) followed by a 2-week abstinence period. Using lidocaine, rats next underwent bilateral inactivation of the dorsal subiculum (dSUB) or rostral basolateral amygdala (rBLA), asymmetric inactivation of the dSUB and rBLA, unilateral inactivation of the dSUB or rBLA, or ipsilateral inactivation of the dSUB and rBLA prior to cocaine cue extinction training sessions (only cocaine cues present) on 2 consecutive days. Relative to vehicle, bilateral and asymmetric lidocaine treatments in the dSUB and rBLA slowed cocaine cue extinction learning. Specifically, vehicle-treated rats exhibited a significantly larger difference in responding from day 1 to 2 of extinction training than lidocaine-treated rats. In comparison unilateral or ipsilateral lidocaine treatments in the dSUB and rBLA did not slow cocaine cue extinction learning. Rats treated with lidocaine and vehicle exhibited a similar difference in responding from day 1 to day 2 of extinction training. These results indicate that sites within the hippocampus and amygdala need to be functionally active simultaneously in at least one brain hemisphere for acquisition of cocaine cue extinction learning. These results further suggest that a serial circuit within each hemisphere mediates acquisition of cocaine cue extinction learning.
Szalay, Jonathan J.; Morin, Nicole D.; Kantak, Kathleen M.
Ecophysiology of dorsal versus ventral cuticle in flattened sawfly larvae
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Platycampus larvae are highly cryptic leaf feeders characterised by a dorso-ventrally flattened body, the dorsal integument resembling a shield. Dorsal and ventral cuticles from Platycampus luridiventris were compared by histology and gel electrophoresis. By Azan-staining, a red and a blue layer were distinguished in the dorsal cuticle, while the ventral cuticle showed one, almost uniform blue layer, as in both cuticles of control species. The two cuticles from P. luridiventris had similar amounts and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of soluble proteins, but not insoluble proteins. One insoluble protein (MW ? 41 kDa) was visible as a large band in the ventral cuticle only. It is likely that this protein renders the cuticle elastic, and that the dorsal, red layer is the exocuticle, mainly composed of insoluble proteins. We discuss eco-physiological implications of the exocuticle in insects. Further, data from the literature indicate that the defence strategy in P. luridiventris larvae relies on being visually cryptic towards avian predators and tactically cryptic towards arthropod predators and parasitoids. Crypsis in both senses is favoured by the shield effect, itself based on an abnormally thick dorsal exocuticle. Although the larvae are external feeders, they may be considered as hidden from an ecological perspective.
Boevé, Jean-Luc; Angeli, Sergio
Emergent properties during dorsal closure in Drosophila morphogenesis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dorsal closure is an essential stage of Drosophila development that is a model system for research in morphogenesis and biological physics. Dorsal closure involves an orchestrated interplay between gene expression and cell activities that produce shape changes, exert forces and mediate tissue dynamics. We investigate the dynamics of dorsal closure based on confocal microscopic measurements of cell shortening in living embryos. During the mid-stages of dorsal closure we find that there are fluctuations in the width of the leading edge cells but the time-averaged analysis of measurements indicate that there is essentially no net shortening of cells in the bulk of the leading edge, that contraction predominantly occurs at the canthi as part of the process for zipping together the two leading edges of epidermis and that the rate constant for zipping correlates with the rate of movement of the leading edges. We characterize emergent properties that regulate dorsal closure, i.e., a velocity governor and the coordination and synchronization of tissue dynamics.
Peralta, X. G.; Toyama, Y.; Kiehart, D. P.; Edwards, G. S.
The dorsal raphe modulates sensory responsiveness during arousal in zebrafish
During waking behavior animals adapt their state of arousal in response to environmental pressures. Sensory processing is regulated in aroused states and several lines of evidence imply that this is mediated at least partly by the serotonergic system. However there is little information directly showing that serotonergic function is required for state-dependent modulation of sensory processing. Here we find that zebrafish larvae can maintain a short-term state of arousal during which neurons in the dorsal raphe modulate sensory responsiveness to behaviorally relevant visual cues. Following a brief exposure to water flow, larvae show elevated activity and heightened sensitivity to perceived motion. Calcium imaging of neuronal activity after flow revealed increased activity in serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe. Genetic ablation of these neurons abolished the increase in visual sensitivity during arousal without affecting baseline visual function or locomotor activity. We traced projections from the dorsal raphe to a major visual area, the optic tectum. Laser ablation of the tectum demonstrated that this structure, like the dorsal raphe, is required for improved visual sensitivity during arousal. These findings reveal that serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe have a state-dependent role in matching sensory responsiveness to behavioral context.
Yokogawa, Tohei; Hannan, Markus C.; Burgess, Harold A.
Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia and excitatory spinal neurons and are regulated by nerve injury.
Neuronal calcium (Ca(2+))-binding proteins 1 and 2 (NECAB1/2) are members of the phylogenetically conserved EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein superfamily. To date, NECABs have been explored only to a limited extent and, so far, not at all at the spinal level. Here, we describe the distribution, phenotype, and nerve injury-induced regulation of NECAB1/NECAB2 in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord. In DRGs, NECAB1/2 are expressed in around 70% of mainly small- and medium-sized neurons. Many colocalize with calcitonin gene-related peptide and isolectin B4, and thus represent nociceptors. NECAB1/2 neurons are much more abundant in DRGs than the Ca(2+)-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin, and secretagogin) studied to date. In the spinal cord, the NECAB1/2 distribution is mainly complementary. NECAB1 labels interneurons and a plexus of processes in superficial layers of the dorsal horn, commissural neurons in the intermediate area, and motor neurons in the ventral horn. Using CLARITY, a novel, bilaterally connected neuronal system with dendrites that embrace the dorsal columns like palisades is observed. NECAB2 is present in cell bodies and presynaptic boutons across the spinal cord. In the dorsal horn, most NECAB1/2 neurons are glutamatergic. Both NECAB1/2 are transported into dorsal roots and peripheral nerves. Peripheral nerve injury reduces NECAB2, but not NECAB1, expression in DRG neurons. Our study identifies NECAB1/2 as abundant Ca(2+)-binding proteins in pain-related DRG neurons and a variety of spinal systems, providing molecular markers for known and unknown neuron populations of mechanosensory and pain circuits in the spinal cord. PMID:24616509
Zhang, Ming-Dong; Tortoriello, Giuseppe; Hsueh, Brian; Tomer, Raju; Ye, Li; Mitsios, Nicholas; Borgius, Lotta; Grant, Gunnar; Kiehn, Ole; Watanabe, Masahiko; Uhlén, Mathias; Mulder, Jan; Deisseroth, Karl; Harkany, Tibor; Hökfelt, Tomas G M
Stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe reverses the impairment of spatial learning caused by intrahippocampal scopolamine in rats.
This study investigated the effect of stimulating 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe on the impairment of learning caused by 4 microg/microL scopolamine injected in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in rats performing a two-platform spatial discrimination task. At 1 (but not 0.2) microg/0.5 microL administered in the dorsal raphe on each acquisition training day 5 min before bilateral intrahippocampal injection of 4 microg/microL scopolamine, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, had no effect on choice accuracy and latency or errors of omission but completely antagonized the impairment of choice accuracy by intrahippocampal scopolamine. Administered into the dorsal raphe at 0.2 and 1 microg/0.5 microL, WAY 100635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, had no effect on rats' performance or on the impairment caused by intrahippocampal scopolamine but dose-dependently antagonized the effect of 1 microg/0.5 microL 8-OH-DPAT on the scopolamine-induced deficit. The results show that stimulation of presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe reverses the deficit caused by intrahippocampal scopolamine, probably by facilitating the transfer of facilitatory information from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus. Together with a previous study showing that blockade of postsynaptic hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors antagonized the effect of intrahippocampal scopolamine in the two-platform spatial discrimination task (Carli et al., 1995b), the results suggest that drugs with presynaptic stimulatory and postsynaptic blocking actions on 5-HT1A receptors, such as partial agonists at these receptors, may be useful in the symptomatic treatment of human memory disturbances associated with loss of cholinergic innervation to the hippocampus. PMID:9753130
Carli, M; Bonalumi, P; Samanin, R
Crossed optic ataxia: possible role of the dorsal splenium.
An unusual combination of disconnective syndromes is reported: transcortical motor aphasia, left arm apraxia and optic ataxia. Neuropathological examination showed a left parieto-occipital and a subcortical frontal infarct and a lesion of the dorsal part of the posterior two-fifths of the callosum. The frontal lesion caused the transcortical motor aphasia and produced the left arm apraxia. Visuomotor incoordination in the right hemispace was due to the left parieto-occipital infarct, while the crossed optic ataxia in the left hemispace was attributed to the callosal lesion. It is proposed that the pathway that serves crossed visual reaching passes through the dorsal part of the posterior callosum. This case reinforces the growing evidence that fibres in the corpus callosum are arranged in ventro-dorsal functional lamination. Images
Ferro, J M; Bravo-Marques, J M; Castro-Caldas, A; Antunes, L
The Dorsal Pallium in Zebrafish, Danio rerio (Cyprinidae, Teleostei)
Zebrafish as a neurogenetic model system depends on the correct neuroanatomical understanding of its brain organization. Here, we address the unresolved question regarding a possible zebrafish homologue of the dorsal pallial division, the region that in mammals gives rise to the isocortex. Analyzing the distributions of nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate diphorase (NADPHd) activity and parvalbumin in the anterior zebrafish telencephalon, we show that against previous assumptions the central (Dc) zone possesses its own germinative region in the dorsal proliferative zone. We define the central (Dc) zone as topologically corresponding to the dorsal pallial division of other vertebrates (mammalian isocortex). In addition, we confirm through BrdU-labeling experiments that the posterior (Dp) zone is formed by radial migration and homologous to the mammalian piriform cortex. Based on our results, we propose a new developmental and organizational model of the zebrafish pallium—one which is the result of a complex outward-inward folding.
Mueller, Thomas; Dong, Zhiqiang; Berberoglu, Michael A.; Guo, Su
Bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation with bilateral fractures of the greater tuberosity: A case report
Bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulders with fractures of both greater tuberosities is very rare. A 76-year-old woman sustained a bilateral anterior dislocation of her shoulders with fractures of the greater tuberosity on both sides after a fall on stairs. Her arms were abducted and externally rotated. Radiological examination revealed the bilateral anterior dislocation and also the bilateral fractures of the greater tuberosity. Prompt closed reduction followed by a 3 weeks immobilization and subsequent rehabilitation allows a good outcome. Results at one-year follow-up were satisfactory with normal range of motion and no redislocations occurring. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation associated with fractures of both greater tuberosities in elderly woman.
Dlimi, F.; Mahfoud, M.; Lahlou, A.; El Bardouni, A.; Berrada, M.S.; El Yaacoubi, M.
Transareola single-site laparoendoscopic bilateral thyroidectomy.
Abstract Background: Transareola single-site endoscopic thyroidectomy has been successfully established as a surgical approach. This study investigated the feasibility and safety of transareola single-site endoscopic thyroidectomy for bilateral thyroid disease. Patients and Methods: Twelve patients who underwent bilateral thyroidectomy were enrolled in this study. The surgical outcomes were analyzed, including operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative pain score, and cosmetic satisfaction score. Results: All patients underwent successful transareola single-site endoscopic bilateral thyroidectomy, and no patient was semiconverted to three-port endoscopic surgery or open surgery. Seven patients underwent bilateral partial thyroidectomy, and 5 patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy plus contralateral partial thyroidectomy. The mean operation time was 165±23.8 minutes (range, 142-185 minutes). The mean intraoperative bleeding volume was 27.3±12.3?mL (range, 20-45?mL). The mean postoperative wound drainage was 121±45.8?mL (range, 85-137?mL). The drainage tube was removed 3-4 days after surgery. The mean visual analog scale score was 3.3±2.5 (range, 1-5) at 24 hours postoperatively. The patients were followed up for 2 month with no complaint of chest wall wound pain and numbness. The mean cosmetic satisfaction score was 9.55±0.8 (range, 8-10). Conclusions: Transareola single-site endoscopic bilateral thyroidectomy is feasible and safe and has the advantages of high cosmetic satisfaction. PMID:24785137
Zhu, Guanghui; Zhang, Ming; Zhang, Xueli; Zhou, Lianming; Wang, Shiguang; Tang, Zhiqiang; Shan, Yuanzhou
[High-degree bilateral carotid stenoses].
The indication for carotid endarterectomy in patients with unilateral stenotic lesions as well as the operative risk in patients with bilateral disease is still controversial among experts. We performed a retrospective analysis in our patients with bilateral carotid endarterectomy. 578 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy at our institution from 1986-1992: 54 patients (9.3%) had bilateral carotid disease. 30% of these patients were asymptomatic and 16% had symptoms from both sides. Surgical results concerning the optimal restoration of blood supply (75%) and the occurrence of recurrent stenosis (8%) were comparable for patients with unilateral and bilateral carotid endarterectomy. On the contrary, in patients with bilateral carotid disease, both the operative morbidity (2.8%) and mortality (1.8%) were increased as compared to the total study population (1.9% and 0.45% resp.). Carotid endarterectomy is very effective in preventing stroke especially in patients with multiple vessel disease as compared to the natural history of these lesions. PMID:8036836
Fraunhofer, S; Kiossis, D; Helmberger, H; von Sommoggy, S; Maurer, P C
Dorsal as well as ventral striatal lesions affect levels of intravenous cocaine and morphine self-administration in rats
While the ventral striatum has long been implicated in the rewarding properties of psychomotor stimulants and opiates, little attention has been paid to the possible contribution of more dorsal regions of the striatum. We have thus examined the effects of lesions in three different striatal subregions on cocaine and morphine self-administration. Different groups of rats were trained to self-administer intravenous cocaine (1.0 mg/kg/infusion) or morphine (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) first under fixed ratio (FR) and then under progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement. Upon completion of the training, independent groups received bilateral electrolytic or sham lesions of the dorsal portion of the caudate-putamen (dCPu), the ventral portion of the caudate-putamen (vCPu) or the more ventral nucleus accumbens (NAS). Following recovery, they were tested for self-administration of cocaine (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg/infusion) or morphine (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg/infusion) under the PR schedule. The PR responding for each drug was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner following lesions of dCPu, vCPu and NAS. While the relative effectiveness of these lesions is likely to be specific to the conditions of this experiment, NAS lesions reduced self-administration of each drug to a greater extent than did dCPu or vCPu lesions.
Suto, Nobuyoshi; Wise, Roy A.; Vezina, Paul
L'Ammonitico Rosso (formation Zaress) de la dorsale tunisienne
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The Upper Jurassic biostratigraphy, so far limited to the J. Zaress, is extended to the ranges of the Tunisian Dorsale. The AR facies (Fm Zaress) begins as early as the Middle/Upper Callovian and ranges up into the Lower Kimmeridgian (Planula Zone). Above, the grey limestones and overlying beds (Ressas Fm) span the rest of the Kimmeridgian and the Tithonian. Compared to the north-south axis, the Ammonitico Rosso fades develops earlier in the Dorsale on starving shoals while AR of J. El Haouareb are slope deposits fed from the north-south axis heights, where Callovian and Oxfordian are reduced or absent.
Soussi, Mohamed; Enay, Raymond; Boughdiri, Mabrouk; Mangold, Charles; Zaghbib-Turki, Dalila
Inflammation in dorsal root ganglia after peripheral nerve injury: Effects of the sympathetic innervation.
Following a peripheral nerve injury, a sterile inflammation develops in sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) with axons that project in the damaged nerve trunk. Macrophages and T-lymphocytes invade these ganglia where they are believed to release cytokines that lead to hyperexcitability and ectopic discharge, possibly contributing to neuropathic pain. Here, we examined the role of the sympathetic innervation in the inflammation of L5 DRGs of Wistar rats following transection of the sciatic nerve, comparing the effects of specific surgical interventions 10-14days prior to the nerve lesion with those of chronic administration of adrenoceptor antagonists. Immunohistochemistry was used to define the invading immune cell populations 7days after sciatic transection. Removal of sympathetic activity in the hind limb by transecting the preganglionic input to the relevant lumbar sympathetic ganglia (ipsi- or bilateral decentralization) or by ipsilateral removal of these ganglia with degeneration of postganglionic axons (denervation), caused less DRG inflammation than occurred after a sham sympathectomy. By contrast, denervation of the lymph node draining the lesion site potentiated T-cell influx. Systemic treatment with antagonists of ?1-adrenoceptors (prazosin) or ?-adrenoceptors (propranolol) led to opposite but unexpected effects on infiltration of DRGs after sciatic transection. Prazosin potentiated the influx of macrophages and CD4(+) T-lymphocytes whereas propranolol tended to reduce immune cell invasion. These data are hard to reconcile with many in vitro studies in which catecholamines acting mainly via ?2-adrenoceptors have inhibited the activation and proliferation of immune cells following an inflammatory challenge. PMID:24418114
McLachlan, Elspeth M; Hu, Ping
The face of rejection: Rejection sensitivity moderates dorsal anterior cingulate activity to disapproving facial expressions
Previous research has examined neural responses to threatening facial expressions such as those displaying anger, fear, and disgust. Here, we examined neural responses to a different type of threatening facial expression that primarily signifies a threat to social connection, namely a "disapproving" facial expression. We hypothesized that neural responses to disapproving facial expressions would be moderated by individual differences in rejection sensitivity. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we scanned participants while they viewed brief video clips of facial expressions depicting disapproval, anger, and disgust. As expected, all three expressions yielded bilateral amygdala activation relative to a resting baseline. Additionally, individuals who scored higher on a measure of rejection sensitivity exhibited greater dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity in response to disapproving facial expressions, but not in response to anger or disgust facial expressions. Results suggest that, at the neural level, individuals high in rejection sensitivity may be more sensitive to facial expressions signaling potential rejection, but not to threatening facial expressions in general. Results also suggest that disapproving facial expressions convey a distinct type of threat and should be considered in future studies of socially threatening facial expressions.
Burklund, Lisa J.; Eisenberger, Naomi I.; Lieberman, Matthew D.
Asymmetry of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: evidences from multiple modalities of MRI.
The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has been consistently implicated in cognitive control processes. Many studies have found higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left anterior cingulum bundle (aCB) than in the right. However, the asymmetry of gray matter density (GMD) is not clear. Using multiple modalities of MRI, we investigated both FA and GMD in the dACC in two independent groups of healthy participants (50 per group, 18-24 years old, half males and half females). Consistent with previous findings, the mean FA of the left aCB was significantly higher than that of the right. Males showed higher FA in the bilateral aCB than females. Voxel-based analysis of GMD in the dACC presented a region-specific significant asymmetry: right > left in the lower part (around callosal sulcus) but left > right in the upper part (around cingulate sulcus). No significant sex effect was found for GMD in the dACC. All these results were almost the same across the two independent groups. The complex pattern of asymmetry in GMD may imply highly differentiated functions of the dACC. Future fine-scale structural and diffusion MRI studies and a battery of cognitive behavioral measurements are needed to fully elucidate the asymmetry of the dACC. PMID:23055047
Wang, Jue; Liu, Dong-Qiang; Zhang, Han; Zhu, Wei-Xuan; Dong, Zhang-Ye; Zang, Yu-Feng
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Bilateral Mastoid Cavity
A 39-year-old male was admitted to our clinic with symptoms of headache, dizziness, nausea, otalgia, otorrhea, tinnitus, and hearing loss in both ears for 3 weeks. Physical examination revealed edema in the tympanic membrane and external ear canal, and pain by palpation in the mastoid area bilaterally. There was no nystagmus, and the rest of the physical examination was otherwise normal. Temporal bone high resolution computed tomography (CT) showed a lesion causing erosion in the mastoid cortex, tegmen tympani, ossicles, and in the bone covering the sigmoid sinus bilaterally. There was also erosion in the superior semicircular canal and petrous bone on the left side. Cortical mastoidectomy was performed under general anesthesia. Histopathologic examination of the tissue revealed Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). In this paper a case with LCH, presenting with bilateral mastoid involvement which has been rarely reported in the literature, is discussed with the existing literature.
Bozdemir, Kaz?m; Tarlak, Behcet; Cakar, Hasan; Doblan, Ahmet; Kutluhan, Ahmet; Dilek, Imdat; Ad?yaman Sungu, Nuran
Bilateral Absence of the Superior Vena Cava
Bilateral absence of the superior vena cava (SVC) is a very rarely detected, mainly asymptomatic congenital vascular anomaly. Though usually innocent, this anomaly may complicate cardiothoracic surgery and certain procedures like central venous catheter insertion. This SVC anomaly is poorly known, and we assume that its incidence in the general population may be higher than detected. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge on this anomaly and its clinical implications. In addition, we present a neonatal case with bilateral absence of the SVC associated with a fetal cystic hygroma. Conclusion. Totally absent SVC can cause unexpected problems during cardiothoracic surgery. Suspicion of SVC absence should arise in basic echocardiography. Our paper suggests that, like other congenital anomalies, bilateral absent SVC may be associated with a fetal cyctic hygroma.
Ylanen, Kaisa; Poutanen, Tuija; Savikurki-Heikkila, Paivi; Uotila, Jukka; Korppi, Matti; Eerola, Anneli
Bilateral representation in the deep cerebellar nuclei
The cerebellum is normally assumed to represent ipsilateral movements. We tested this by making microelectrode penetrations into the deep cerebellar nuclei (mainly nucleus interpositus) of monkeys trained to perform a reach and grasp task with either hand. Following weak single electrical stimuli, many sites produced clear bilateral facilitation of multiple forelimb muscles. The short onset latencies, which were similar for each side, suggested that at least some of the muscle responses were mediated by descending tracts originating in the brainstem, rather than via the cerebral cortex. Additionally, cerebellar neurones modulated their discharge with both ipsilateral and contralateral movements. This was so, even when we carefully excluded contralateral trials with evidence of electromyogram modulation on the ipsilateral side. We conclude that the deep cerebellar nuclei have a bilateral movement representation, and relatively direct, powerful access to limb muscles on both sides of the body. This places the cerebellum in an ideal position to coordinate bilateral movements.
Soteropoulos, Demetris S; Baker, Stuart N
Bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients.
Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, which commonly presents as transient pulmonary infection that usually subsides without treatment. Disseminated histoplasmosis may affect almost all systems, including the reticuloendothelial system, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, renal tract, central nervous system, bone marrow, and adrenal glands. Adrenal gland is frequently involved in disseminated histoplasmosis but commonly present as unilateral mass; bilateral involvement is rare. It is also rare in immunocompetent hosts and only few cases have been reported in past. We report four cases of adrenal histoplasmosis with bilateral involvement. These cases were initially diagnosed cytopathologically on fine needle aspirations performed on adrenal glands. All these patients were immunocompetent and two of them also had associated adrenal insufficiency. Diagnosis of adrenal histoplasmosis can be easily made on fine needle aspiration cytology. Adrenal histoplasmosis can occur in immunocompetent individuals and should be considered in differential diagnosis of bilateral adrenal masses in immunocompetent individuals. PMID:20607678
Rana, Chanchal; Krishnani, Narendra; Kumari, Niraj
Bilateral medial medullary infarction: a systematic review.
Bilateral infarction of the medial medulla (MMI) is rare. Limited information is available on clinical characteristics, etiology, and prognosis. High-resolution neuroimaging has a major role in elucidating the underlying stroke mechanism. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the clinical presentations, stroke mechanisms, and outcomes in patients with bilateral MMI. We performed a systematic review of the literature from 1992-2011 that reported on clinical presentations, stroke mechanism, and/or outcomes in patients with magnetic resonance imaging-proven bilateral MMI. Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science Scholars Portal were searched without language restriction. Two reviewers independently assessed identified studies to determine eligibility, validity, and quality. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality; a secondary outcome was case fatality at 12 months. We identified 138 articles from Medline, EMBASE, and Scholars Portal including the MeSH terms "brainstem infarction," "medulla," and "bilateral." Twenty-nine articles met our inclusion criteria, including a total of 38 cases with bilateral MMI, and included in our study. These 38 patients had a mean age of 62.2 years and were predominately male (74.2%). The most common clinical presentations were motor weakness in 78.4%, dysarthria in 48.6%, and hypoglossal palsy in 40.5%. The most common vascular pathology was vertebral artery atherosclerosis, in 38.5%. The clinical outcome was poor (mortality, 23.8%; dependency, 61.9%). Bilateral medial medullary infarction is a rare stroke syndrome. Clinical presentations were mostly rostral medullary lesions. Large-artery atherosclerosis and branch disease were the most common stroke mechanisms. The clinical outcome was usually poor. PMID:22541608
Pongmoragot, Jitphapa; Parthasarathy, Sujatha; Selchen, Daniel; Saposnik, Gustavo
Generalized bilateral control of robot arms
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This paper summarizes the theory of a new form of bilateral or force-reflecting manual control of remote robot (slave) arms. The mathematics of workspace representation, command structure, kinematic and dynamic control coordination required for implementing the new form of generalized bilateral control through computer programs is presented. The paper concludes with a brief description of implementation organization of the new system using a six-degree-of-freedom backdrivable hand controller, a PUMA 560 robot arm and a distributed net of microcomputers organized in two groups: one at the remote work site and one at the control station.
Bejczy, A. K.; Lee, S.
Bilateral Simultaneous Stage 1 Macular Hole
The authors describe two cases of bilateral simultaneous stage 1 macular hole diagnosed via optical coherence tomography (OCT). Vitreomacular traction, foveal pseudo cysts, and outer retinal changes were present initially. Resolution of the foveal pseudo cysts and outer retinal changes occurred in cases where a complete posterior vitreous detachment was noted. The initial step in the pathogenesis of macular holes is "traction" from the detaching posterior hyaloid. However, there are missing links in the exact inciting events and in the progression of the disease. The development of bilateral stage 1 macular holes simultaneously is unique and interesting because an unknown common inciting factor might be at play in these cases.
Alwassia, Ahmad A.; Adhi, Mehreen; Duker, Jay S.
Bilateral congenital third cranial nerve palsy.
We describe a patient in whom bilateral congenital third cranial nerve palsy was diagnosed at 2 weeks of age. The ptosis was treated at 3 weeks with bilateral eyelid suspension surgery, and surgical repair of the exotropia was done at 4 months. To our knowledge this is the fourth reported case of this condition. It was probably caused by a single lesion involving the oculomotor and possibly the trochlear nuclei in the brain stem. Magnetic resonance imaging scans supported this hypothesis and suggested other central nervous system anomalies. PMID:2713752
Flanders, M; Watters, G; Draper, J; O'Gorman, A
Bilateral Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration in Wilson Disease
Hypertrophic olivary degeneration resulting from lesions of the dento-rubro-olivary pathway, also called Guillain-Mollaret-triangle, has been described previously in a number of cases. Reports about bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration of the inferior olivary nuclei are very limited, and the magnetic resonance imaging findings of hypertrophic olivary degeneration in Wilson disease have not yet been described to the best of our knowledge. Herein, we present the first report of bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in a patient suffering from Wilson disease.
Guenther, Peter; Hoffmann, Karl-Titus
Bilateral vision loss responsive to corticosteroids.
A 48-year-old woman presented with painless bilateral vision loss that began in the left eye and responded to steroids, followed by vision loss in the right eye one day after completing her steroid taper. Diagnosis was complicated by a positive screening test for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and a negative workup for demyelinating disease. Steroid-dependent optic neuropathies such as autoimmune optic neuropathy and chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy were considered in the differential. Seven months after initial presentation, the patient developed a new periventricular white matter lesion, lesions on her cervical and thoracic spinal cord, bilateral leg weakness, and sensory loss consistent with multiple sclerosis. PMID:23153758
Lee, Michele D; Song, Brian J; Odel, Jeffrey G; Sadun, Alfredo A
The up-regulation of IL-6 in DRG and spinal dorsal horn contributes to neuropathic pain following L5 ventral root transection.
Our previous works have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) plays an important role in neuropathic pain produced by lumber 5 ventral root transection (L5-VRT). In the present work we evaluate the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6), another key inflammatory cytokine, in the L5-VRT model. We found that IL-6 was up-regulated in the ipsilateral L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglian (DRG) neurons and in bilateral lumbar spinal cord following L5-VRT. Double immunofluorescence stainings revealed that in DRGs the increased immunoreactivity (IR) of IL-6 was almost restricted in neuronal cells, while in the spinal dorsal horn IL-6-IR up-regulated in both glial cells (astrocyte and microglia) and neurons. Intrathecal administration of IL-6 neutralizing antibody significantly delayed the induction of mechanical allodynia in bilateral hindpaws after L5-VRT. Furthermore, inhibition of TNF-? synthesis by intraperitoneal thalidomide prevented both mechanical allodynia and the up-regulation of IL-6 in DRGs following L5-VRT. These data suggested that the increased IL-6 in afferent neurons and spinal cord contribute to the development of neuropathic pain following motor fiber injury, and that TNF-? is responsible for the up-regulation of IL-6. PMID:23261764
Wei, Xu-Hong; Na, Xiao-Dong; Liao, Guang-Jie; Chen, Qiu-Ying; Cui, Yu; Chen, Feng-Ying; Li, Yong-Yong; Zang, Ying; Liu, Xian-Guo
Role of the Dorsal Hippocampus in Object Memory Load
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
The dorsal hippocampus is crucial for mammalian spatial memory, but its exact role in item memory is still hotly debated. Recent evidence in humans suggested that the hippocampus might be selectively involved in item short-term memory to deal with an increasing memory load. In this study, we sought to test this hypothesis. To this aim we developed…
Sannino, Sara; Russo, Fabio; Torromino, Giulia; Pendolino, Valentina; Calabresi, Paolo; De Leonibus, Elvira
Enkephalin surges in dorsal neostriatum as a signal to eat
Summary Compulsive over-consumption of rewards characterizes disorders ranging from binge eating to drug addiction. Here, we provide evidence that enkephalin surges in an anteromedial quadrant of dorsal neostriatum contribute to generating intense consumption of palatable food. In ventral striatum, mu opioid circuitry contributes an important component of motivation to consume rewards [1–4]. In dorsal neostriatum, mu opioid receptors are concentrated within striosomes that receive inputs from limbic regions of prefrontal cortex [5–13]. We employed advanced opioid microdialysis techniques that allow detection of extracellular enkephalin levels. Endogenous >150% enkephalin surges in anterior dorsomedial neostriatum were triggered as rats began to consume palatable chocolates. By contrast, dynorphin levels remained unchanged. Further, a causal role for mu opioid stimulation in over-consumption was demonstrated by observations that microinjection in the same anterior dorsomedial quadrant of a mu receptor agonist (DAMGO) generated intense >250% increases in intake of palatable sweet food (without altering hedonic impact of sweet tastes). Mapping by "Fos plume" methods confirmed the hyperphagic effect to be anatomically localized to the anterior medial quadrant of the dorsal neostriatum, whereas other quadrants were relatively ineffective. These findings reveal that opioid signals in anteromedial dorsal neostriatum are able to code and cause motivation to consume sensory rewards.
DiFeliceantonio, Alexandra G.; Mabrouk, Omar S.; Kennedy, Robert T.; C. Berridge, Kent
Enkephalin surges in dorsal neostriatum as a signal to eat.
Compulsive overconsumption of reward characterizes disorders ranging from binge eating to drug addiction. Here, we provide evidence that enkephalin surges in an anteromedial quadrant of dorsal neostriatum contribute to generating intense consumption of palatable food. In ventral striatum, mu opioid circuitry contributes an important component of motivation to consume reward. In dorsal neostriatum, mu opioid receptors are concentrated within striosomes that receive inputs from limbic regions of prefrontal cortex. We employed advanced opioid microdialysis techniques that allow detection of extracellular enkephalin levels. Endogenous >150% enkephalin surges in anterior dorsomedial neostriatum were triggered as rats began to consume palatable chocolates. In contrast, dynorphin levels remained unchanged. Furthermore, a causal role for mu opioid stimulation in overconsumption was demonstrated by observations that microinjection in the same anterior dorsomedial quadrant of a mu receptor agonist ([D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin; DAMGO) generated intense >250% increases in intake of palatable sweet food (without altering hedonic impact of sweet tastes). Mapping by "Fos plume" methods confirmed the hyperphagic effect to be anatomically localized to the anteromedial quadrant of the dorsal neostriatum, whereas other quadrants were relatively ineffective. These findings reveal that opioid signals in anteromedial dorsal neostriatum are able to code and cause motivation to consume sensory reward. PMID:23000149
DiFeliceantonio, Alexandra G; Mabrouk, Omar S; Kennedy, Robert T; Berridge, Kent C
Syntabulin, a motor protein linker, controls dorsal determination.
In amphibian and teleost embryos, the dorsal determinants (DDs) are believed to be initially localized to the vegetal pole and then transported to the prospective dorsal side of the embryo along a microtubule array. The DDs are known to activate the canonical Wnt pathway and thereby promote the expression of genes that induce the dorsal organizer. Here, by identifying the locus of the maternal-effect ventralized mutant tokkaebi, we show that Syntabulin, a linker of the kinesin I motor protein, is essential for dorsal determination in zebrafish. We found that syntabulin mRNA is transported to the vegetal pole during oogenesis through the Bucky ball (Buc)-mediated Balbiani body-dependent pathway, which is necessary for establishment of animal-vegetal (AV) oocyte polarity. We demonstrate that Syntabulin is translocated from the vegetal pole in a microtubule-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that Syntabulin regulates the microtubule-dependent transport of the DDs, and provide evidence for the link between AV and dorsoventral axis formation. PMID:20150281
Nojima, Hideaki; Rothhämel, Sophie; Shimizu, Takashi; Kim, Cheol-Hee; Yonemura, Shigenobu; Marlow, Florence L; Hibi, Masahiko
Retinoids control anterior and dorsal properties in the developing forebrain.
We have previously shown that retinoic acid (RA) synthesized by the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) is required in forebrain development. Deficiency in RA due to inactivation of the mouse Raldh2 gene or to complete absence of retinoids in vitamin-A-deficient (VAD) quails, leads to abnormal morphogenesis of various forebrain derivatives. In this study we show that double Raldh2/Raldh3 mouse mutants have a more severe phenotype in the craniofacial region than single null mutants. In particular, the nasal processes are truncated and the eye abnormalities are exacerbated. It has been previously shown that retinoids act mainly on cell proliferation and survival in the ventral forebrain by regulating SHH and FGF8 signaling. Using the VAD quail model, which survives longer than the Raldh-deficient mouse embryos, we found that retinoids act in maintaining the correct position of anterior and dorsal boundaries in the forebrain by modulating FGF8 anteriorly and WNT signaling dorsally. Furthermore, BMP4 and FGF8 signaling are affected in the nasal region and BMP4 is ventrally expanded in the optic vesicle. At the optic cup stage, Pax6, Tbx5 and Bmp4 are ectopically expressed in the presumptive retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), while Otx2 and Mitf are not induced, leading to a dorsal transdifferentiation of RPE to neural retina. Therefore, besides being required for survival of ventral structures, retinoids are involved in restricting anterior identity in the telencephalon and dorsal identity in the diencephalon and the retina. PMID:17184764
Halilagic, Aida; Ribes, Vanessa; Ghyselinck, Norbert B; Zile, Maija H; Dollé, Pascal; Studer, Michčle
Adult dorsal setal patterns in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Gamasina)
Twenty-seven pairs of setae are known to occur on the dorsum of adult Phytoseiidae. Twelve pairs are always present. Variations in the occurrence of the remaining 15 pairs, 5 on the podosoma and 10 on the opisthosoma, produce a number of dorsal setal patterns which are examined in the present study. There are nine known setal patterns on the podosoma,
D. A. Chant; E. Yoshida-Shaul
The dorsal stream in speech processing: Model and theory
The ability to produce and comprehend spoken language requires an internal understanding of the complex relations between articulatory gestures and their acoustic consequences. Recent theories of speech processing propose a division between the ventral stream, which involves the mapping of acoustic signals to lexical\\/semantic representations, and the dorsal stream, which mediates the mapping between incoming auditory signals and articulatory output.
James L. Keidel; Stephen R. Welbourne; Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
Evoked-Potential Monitoring during Dorsal Root Entry Zone Surgery
Spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEP) in response to epispinal stimulation were measured in an experimental animal model designed to define further the value of electrophysiological monitoring during dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) surgery. Thirteen cats underwent microsurgical stereotactic thermal radiofrequency lesions of the DREZ. The postmortem histological examination of the location and extent of the lesions were compared with the
Marvin H. Bennett; L. Dade Lunsford; Osman Akin; A. Julio Martinez
Evolutionary genetics of dorsal wing colour in Colias butterflies
The evolution of butterfly wing colouration is strongly affected by its multiple functions and by the correlated evolution of wing colour elements. Both factors may prevent local adaptation to ecological conditions. We investigated one aspect of wing colouration, the degree of dorsal wing melanization, in the butterfly Colias philodice eriphyle across an elevational gradient and its correlation with another aspect
J. Ellers; C. L. Boggs
Parts of a Spider: Dorsal View of a Male Spider
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This illustrated guide (dorsal view) to a male spider is designed to help students recognize and learn its common and unique body parts. The single Web page, which can be easily printed for use at field sites or in the lab, also includes a short description of the labeled parts.
Attention modulates the dorsal striatum response to love stimuli.
In previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies concerning romantic love, several brain regions including the caudate and putamen have consistently been found to be more responsive to beloved-related than control stimuli. In those studies, infatuated individuals were typically instructed to passively view the stimuli or to think of the viewed person. In the current study, we examined how the instruction to attend to, or ignore the beloved modulates the response of these brain areas. Infatuated individuals performed an oddball task in which pictures of their beloved and friend served as targets and distractors. The dorsal striatum showed greater activation for the beloved than friend, but only when they were targets. The dorsal striatum actually tended to show less activation for the beloved than the friend when they were distractors. The longer the love and relationship duration, the smaller the response of the dorsal striatum to beloved-distractor stimuli was. We interpret our findings in terms of reinforcement learning. By virtue of using a cognitive task with a full factorial design, we show that the dorsal striatum is not activated by beloved-related information per se, but only by beloved-related information that is attended. PMID:23097247
Langeslag, Sandra J E; van der Veen, Frederik M; Röder, Christian H
Neuromuscular diversity in archosaur deep dorsal thigh muscles.
The living members of the clade Archosauria, crocodilians and birds, differ markedly in the morphology of their deep dorsal thigh muscles. To investigate whether this diversity is accompanied by differences in motor pattern and muscle function, the hindlimbs of representative archosaurs were studied by electromyography and cineradiography during terrestrial locomotion. In a crocodilian, Alligator, the iliofemoralis and pubo-ischio-femoralis internus part 2 are both active during the swing phase of the stride cycle. This appears to be the primitive motor pattern for archosaurs. There are four avian homologues of these muscles in the helmeted guineafowl, Numida. These are primarily active in the propulsive phase (iliotrochantericus caudalis and iliotrochantericus medius), the swing phase (iliotrochantericus cranialis) and a speed-dependent combination of the propulsive and/or swing phases (iliofemoralis externus). Differences between Alligator and Numida in the number and attachment of deep dorsal muscles are associated with dissimilar motor patterns and functions. Evolutionary modifications of neuromuscular control must be recognized when evaluating avian locomotor history, but are rarely considered by paleontologists. Even within the deep dorsal thigh muscles of Numida, developmentally and anatomically similar muscles are active out-of-phase. Therefore, although the actions of two adjacent muscles appear equivalent, their functions may differ dramatically. The diversity of deep dorsal thigh muscles in modern birds may be a good model for studying the relationship between activity pattern and peripheral morphology. PMID:8306187
Gatesy, S M
Successful management of a bilateral diaphragmatic lymphangioma.
A 5-year-old boy developed two episodes of massive chylothorax due to a huge bilateral diaphragmatic lymphangioma. Two episodes of chylothorax were well controlled only after parenternal octreotide. The lymphangioma showed more than 90% shrinkage after intralesional sclerotherapy with bleomycin. PMID:17043877
Ming, Yung-Ching; Wong, Kin-Sun; Wang, Chao-Jan; Lai, Jin-Yao
Successful management of a bilateral diaphragmatic lymphangioma
A 5-year-old boy developed two episodes of massive chylothorax due to a huge bilateral diaphragmatic lymphangioma. Two episodes\\u000a of chylothorax were well controlled only after parenternal octreotide. The lymphangioma showed more than 90% shrinkage after\\u000a intralesional sclerotherapy with bleomycin.
Yung-Ching Ming; Kin-Sun Wong; Chao-Jan Wang; Jin-Yao Lai
Bilateral adrenal lymphoma presenting as Addison's disease
We describe an unusual case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the adrenals which presented as Addison's disease. Examination of tissue taken by computed tomography guided biopsy revealed a high grade B cell centroblastic lymphoma. The patient was treated with chemotherapy but died from invasive aspergillosis. Autopsy confirmed bilateral adrenal involvement by lymphoma.
A. Pagliuca; D. S. Gillett; J. R. Salisbury; R. N. Basu; G. J. Mufti
We analyze a duopoly in which firms acquire inputs through bilateral monopoly relations with suppliers. We combine a bargaining model with a duopoly model to examine how input prices and profits are affected by the structures of the upstream and downstream industries, by the demand relations among the final products, and by the nature of bargaining between suppliers and firms.
Henrick Horn; Asher Wolinsky
Silicosis presenting as bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.
Classical radiographic features of patients presenting with silicosis are diffuse interstitial shadowing with subsequent enlargement of hilar nodes, sometimes with "eggshell" calcification. Five case histories are described of workers who were exposed to silica and presented initially with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy without radiographic evidence of interstitial lung disease. One case progressed to show features of silicosis. Images
Baldwin, D R; Lambert, L; Pantin, C F; Prowse, K; Cole, R B
Hypersexuality following bilateral thalamic infarction: case report
Hypersexuality is a rare but well recognized condition following brain injury. It has been described secondarily to dysfunction in the hypothalamus, the temporal and frontal lobes. We re p o rt a 63 y e a r-old man that developed neuropsychological disturbances with hypersexuality as a prominent feature , disinhibition and moderate memory loss, hypersomnia and irritability after a bilateral
Eduardo G. Mutarelli; Antonio M. P. Omuro; Tarso Adoni
"Ostrich sign" indicates bilateral vertebral artery dissection.
Vertebral artery dissections (VADs) comprise about 2% of ischemic strokes and can be associated with trauma, chiropractic manipulation, motor vehicle collisions, whiplash, amusement park rides, golfing, and other motion-induced injuries to the neck. We present a case of bilateral extracranial VAD as a complication of conducting an orchestra. To our knowledge, this has not been documented in the literature. Conceivably, vigorous neck twisting in an inexperienced, amateur conductor may place excessive rotational forces upon mobile portions of the verterbral arteries, tear the intima, deposit subintimal blood that extends longitudinally, and cause neck pain and/or posterior fossa ischemic symptoms. Magnetic resonance angiography examinations of axially oriented slices of bilateral VADs resemble the face of an ostrich. This observation is similar to the "puppy sign," in which bilateral internal carotid artery dissections resemble the face of a dog. Craniocervical dissections of either the carotid or vertebral arteries have the potential to form an aneurysm, cause artery-to-artery embolism, or completely occlude the parent artery, resulting in an ischemic stroke. Because bilateral VADs in axial magnetic resonance angiographic sections stand out like the eyes of an ostrich, and because the fast identification of VADs is so critical, we eponymize this image the "ostrich sign." PMID:21440457
Rose, David Z; Husain, M Rizwan
Bilateral central scotomata due to intracranial tumour.
Bilateral centrocaecal scotomata have been recognised as a sign of intrinsic optic nerve disease, usually associated with hereditary optic neuropathy, and nutritional or toxic amblyopias. This report describes four patients with central scotomata due to intracranial masses, three of whom recovered after surgical intervention. The clinician should be alerted to the association in patients with headaches, other neurological signs, and central visual loss. Images
Page, N G; Sanders, M D
Bilateral Compartment Syndrome Complicating Prolonged Lithotomy Position
Summary A case of bilateral compartment syndrome after prolonged Lloyd-Davies lithotomy position is described. The diagnosis was made early, despite effective extradural bupivacaine- fentanyl analgesia. The aetiology, diagnosis, pathology and treatment of compartment syn- drome are described. Complications of the syndrome may be life-threatening and perma- nently disabling. The anaesthetist should be aware of the potential complications of the operative
Bilateral scalp necrosis with giant cell arteritis.
We present a patient with bilateral scalp necrosis caused by giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis). A 67-year-old woman, who had been treated with 5 mg of oral prednisolone every other day for polymyalgia rheumatica, developed painful egg-sized regions of necrosis on both of her temples. Doppler pulsemetory revealed bilateral obstruction of the temporal arteries. Biopsy revealed ischemic necrosis of the skin and necrotic angiitis of the temporal arteries with giant cell infiltration. Bilateral stenosis of the internal carotid arteries and moderate retinal bleeding were revealed by angiography. Daily administration of prednisolone (20 mg/day) with intravenous and topical limaprost alphadex markedly improved her condition. The ulcers reepithelized without surgical treatment. There are few reports of bilateral scalp necrosis. Rapid and complete obstruction of the temporal artery may result in this condition. Simultaneous development of two ulcerative lesions in the ventro-parietal cranial regions is thought to correspond to systemic arterial involvement, including involvement of the internal carotid arteries. PMID:12692357
Matsushima, Midori; Yamanaka, Keiichi; Mori, Hitoshi; Murakami, Takaaki; Hakamada, Arata; Isoda, Ken-ichi; Mizutani, Hitoshi
Synchronous bilateral breast cancer in a male.
Male breast cancer, which represents only 1% of all breast cancers, is occasionally associated with a family history of breast cancer. Sporadic male breast cancers presenting with another primary breast cancer are extremely rare. In this article, we report on a 70-year-old male patient with bilateral multifocal and synchronous breast cancer and without a family history of breast cancer. PMID:24319497
Rubio Hernández, María Caridad; Díaz Prado, Yenia Ivet; Pérez, Suanly Rodríguez; Díaz, Ronald Rodríguez; Aleaga, Zaili Gutiérrez
Bilateral odontogenic keratocyst of the mandible.
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a cyst of dental origin with an aggressive clinical behavior, having high recurrence rate. Multiple cysts are associated with bifid-rib basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome). We present a case of bilateral odontogenic keratocyst in a cleft lip patient. PMID:25018611
Ram, Hari; Mohammad, Shadab; Husain, Nuzhat; Gupta, Shalini; Kumar, Ajay
Bilateral Synergy: A Framework for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation
Background Unilateral stroke produces debilitating deficits in voluntary control in the contralesional arm, and significant motor coordination deficits in the ipsilesional arm. In addition, patients tend to avoid bilateral arm patterns and during performance of activities of daily living. Nevertheless, upper extremity physical rehabilitation predominantly focuses on motor training activities with only the paretic arm. This can be limiting because of persistent deficits in the ipsilesional arm, and because of the tendency of patients to avoid spontaneous bilateral arm patterns. Proposition Rehabilitation should focus on bilateral training to advance recovery of function in both arms of stroke patients, as well as to facilitate spontaneous bilateral arm use. This paper reviews the rationale for this approach, citing evidence for significant hemisphere specific bilateral motor deficits in stroke patients, which affect both the contralesional and the ipsilesional arm. The rationale for, and advantages of, training both arms simultaneously through bilateral tasks is reviewed. Although bilateral training has been employed to treat stroke patients previously, this has tended to focus on bimanual 'coupling' as a rationale for performing parallel, but not cooperative bilateral tasks. Bilateral synergy provides a more functional framework for structuring post-stroke upper extremity rehabilitation. Conclusion Bilateral synergy may be causally linked to spontaneous bilateral arm use, suggesting that rehabilitation should be focused on bilateral cooperative tasks, such as bilateral object transport. Further research is required to determine whether this approach could be efficacious for patients with hemiparesis, and whether both left and right hemisphere strokes can benefit from such intervention.
Sainburg, RL; Good, D; Przybyla, A
Increased cardiovascular mortality following early bilateral oophorectomy
Objective To investigate the mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases and the effect of estrogen treatment in women who underwent unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy before menopause. Design We conducted a cohort study with long-term follow-up of women in Olmsted County, MN, who underwent either unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy before the onset of menopause from 1950 through 1987. Each member of the oophorectomy cohort was matched by age to a referent woman from the same population who had not undergone any oophorectomy. We studied the mortality associated with cardiovascular disease in a total of 1,274 women with unilateral oophorectomy, 1,091 women with bilateral oophorectomy, and 2,383 referent women. Results Women who underwent unilateral oophorectomy experienced a reduced mortality associated with cardiovascular disease compared with referent women (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–0.99; P = 0.04). By contrast, women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy before age 45 years experienced an increased mortality associated with cardiovascular disease compared with referent women (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.01–2.05; P = 0.04). Within this age stratum, the HR for mortality was significantly elevated in women who were not treated with estrogen through age 45 years or longer (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.27–2.68; P = 0.001) but not in women treated (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.30–1.41; P = 0.28; test of interaction, P = 0.01). Mortality was further increased after excluding deaths associated with cerebrovascular causes. Conclusions Bilateral oophorectomy performed before age 45 years is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, especially with cardiac mortality. However, estrogen treatment may reduce this risk.
Rivera, Cathleen M.; Grossardt, Brandon R.; Rhodes, Deborah J.; Brown, Robert D.; Roger, Veronique L.; Melton, L. Joseph; Rocca, Walter A.
Sporadic bilateral synchronous multicentric papillary renal cell carcinoma masquerading as bilateral multifocal pyelonephritis.
Pyelonephritis is defined as an inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis. The diagnosis is usually clinical. Acute multifocal bacterial nephritis is a rare form of pyelonephritis that is more severe and sepsis is more common. We report a patient who presented with fever and right-sided abdominal pain associated with right flank tenderness, suggesting right acute pyelonephritis. Bilateral multifocal pyelonephritis was diagnosed on ultrasonography, radionuclide renal scintigraphy and computed tomography. However, owing to non-resolution of symptoms, a biopsy was performed, which showed bilateral papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). PRCC is known to exhibit multicentricity. To our knowledge, a case of bilateral multicentric PRCC masquerading as bilateral multifocal pyelonephritis has not been reported in the English literature. This case highlights the need to be vigilant while treating patients with focal lesions of the kidney as an inflammatory condition lest a malignancy should be missed. PMID:24992402
Karthikeyan, Vs; Dorairajan, Ln; Kumar, S; Vijayakumar, Ar; Ramesh, A; Ganesh Rajesh, N; Halanaik, D; Gupta, A
A review of bilateral training for upper extremity hemiparesis.
Upper extremity hemiparesis is the most common post-stroke disability. Longitudinal studies have indicated that 30-66% of stroke survivors do not have full arm function 6 months post-stroke. The current gold standard for treatment of mild post-stroke upper limb impairment is constraint-induced therapy but, because of the inclusion criteria, alternative treatments are needed which target more impaired subjects. Bilateral arm training has been investigated as a potential rehabilitation intervention. Bilateral arm training encompasses a number of methods including: (1) bilateral isokinematic training; (2) mirror therapy using bilateral training; (3) device-driven bilateral training; and (4) bilateral motor priming. Neural mechanisms mediating bilateral training are first reviewed. The key bilateral training studies that have demonstrated evidence of efficacy will then be discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn concerning clinical implications based on the reviewed literature. PMID:19517519
Stoykov, Mary Ellen; Corcos, Daniel M
Transient, 5-HT2B receptor-mediated facilitation in neuropathic pain: Up-regulation of PKC? and engagement of the NMDA receptor in dorsal horn neurons.
Spinal nociception can be facilitated by 5-HT2 receptors in neuropathic pain. We investigated the involvement of glutamate receptors in dorsal neuron hyperexcitation that is promoted by 5-HT2B receptor (5-HT2BR) after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in the rat. Augmentation of C-fiber-evoked potentials by spinal superfusion with 5-HT2BR agonist BW 723C86 in nerve-ligated rats was impeded by co-administration of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist D-AP5, but not by mGluR1/5 antagonist AIDA or mGluR2/3 antagonist LY 341495. Evoked potentials were increased by cis-ACPD in nerve-injured rats, irrespective of simultaneous 5-HT2BR blockade by SB204741. In uninjured rats, NMDAR agonist cis-ACPD enhanced evoked potentials in the presence of BW 723C86 but not if administered alone or during exposure to protein kinase C ? (PKC?) inhibitor peptide. Triple immunofluorescence labelings revealed co-localization of NMDAR and 5-HT2BR in PKC?-expressing perikarya in lamina II neurons. As a result of SNL, PKC? was transiently and bilaterally up-regulated in synaptic fraction from dorsal horn homogenates, peaking at day 2 and returning to basal levels by day 9. Chronic blockade of 5-HT2BR with selective antagonist SB 204741 after SNL bilaterally decreased the following: (i) PKC? up-regulation in synaptic fraction, (ii) phosphorylation of NMDAR subunit NR1 (serine 889) in synaptic fraction, and (iii) co-localization of both PKC? and phosphorylated NR1 with postsynaptic marker PSD-95. Chronic delivery of SB 204741 bilaterally attenuated thermal and mechanical allodynia occurring after SNL, particularly at day 2 post injury. These findings suggest that transient activation of the PKC?/NMDAR pathway is critically involved in 5-HT2BR-mediated facilitation in the SNL model of neuropathic pain. PMID:23769718
Aira, Zigor; Buesa, Itsaso; García del Cańo, Gontzal; Bilbao, Juan; Dońate, Francisco; Zimmermann, Manfred; Azkue, Jon Jatsu
Sequential Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in a Patient with Bilateral Meniere's Disease
This case study describes a 45 year old female with bilateral, profound sensorineural hearing loss due to Meniere's disease. She received her first cochlear implant in the right ear in 2008 and the second cochlear implant in the left ear in 2010. The case study examines the enhancement to speech recognition, particularly in noise, provided by bilateral cochlear implants. Speech recognition tests were administered prior to obtaining the second implant and at a number of test intervals following activation of the second device. Speech recognition in quiet and noise as well as localization abilities were assessed in several conditions to determine bilateral benefit and performance differences between ears. The results of the speech recognition testing indicated a substantial improvement in the patient's ability to understand speech in noise and her ability to localize sound when using bilateral cochlear implants compared to using a unilateral implant or an implant and a hearing aid. In addition, the patient reported considerable improvement in her ability to communicate in daily life when using bilateral implants versus a unilateral implant. This case suggests that cochlear implantation is a viable option for patients who have lost their hearing to Meniere's disease even when a number of medical treatments and surgical interventions have been performed to control vertigo. In the case presented, bilateral cochlear implantation was necessary for this patient to communicate successfully at home and at work.
Holden, Laura K.; Neely, J. Gail; Gotter, Brenda D.; Mispagel, Karen M.; Firszt, Jill B.
Bilateral posterior ischemic optic neuropathy after spinal surgery
PURPOSE: To report the association between bilateral posterior ischemic optic neuropathy and spinal surgery.METHOD: Case report.RESULTS: After prone-position spinal surgery of 8 hours' duration, a 68-year-old woman was completely blind in both eyes. Moderate periorbital edema and temporal conjunctival chemosis were present bilaterally. Ophthalmic examination disclosed normal-appearing optic nerve heads, except for bilateral nasal fullness related to bilateral optic nerve
George Alexandrakis; Byron L. Lam
Atypical Cogan's syndrome presenting as bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis.
We report a case of atypical Cogan's syndrome presenting as bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis in a woman with ovarian cancer. A 62-year-old woman with ovarian cancer developed bilateral interstitial keratitis and panuveitis accompanied by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and chondritis. Auricular cartilage biopsy ruled out relapsing polychondritis and the diagnosis of atypical Cogan's syndrome was set clinically. PMID:22908938
Georgakopoulos, Constantine D; Makri, Olga E; Exarchou, Artemis M; Pharmakakis, Nikolaos
Cryptogenic organising pneumonia presenting with bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
Cryptogenic organising pneumonia is not considered in the differential diagnosis of bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. We submitted a patient presenting with bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. We suspected diagnosis of sarcoidosis, but the patient was diagnosed as cryptogenic organising pneumonia with the histological result. This is the second case report of cryptogenic organising pneumonia presenting with bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. PMID:23761506
Kahraman, Hasan; Tokur, Mahmut; Sayar, Hamide; Inci, Mehmet Fatih
Bilateral staged thoracotomy for multiple lung hydatidosis
Background Hydatid cyst disease is still a problem in many countries. Surgical removal is currently the generally accepted choice of treatment for lung hydatidosis. However, operating on bilateral widespread lung hydatidosis is still controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment in bilateral multiple hydatid disease of the lung. Methods In this study, we reviewed our experience in the surgical treatment of 17 (3.7%) patients with bilateral, and at least three, lung hydatid cysts. These 17 patients (8 male, 9 female), with an average age of 34.6 years (range 12–58 years), underwent bilateral staged thoracotomy. Results In total 105 lung cysts were removed from 17 patients who underwent staged thoracotomies. The mean count of cysts was 6.7 (range 3–20 cysts). Most of the cysts (38.2%) were located in the right lower lobe. The mean interval between thoracotomies was 4.2 (range 3–5) days. Two patients (11.7%) had cysts associated with hepatic hydatidosis and one (5.8%) had cysts associated with the spleen; they were treated via phrenotomy during thoracotomies. All cysts were removed without lung resection. We observed some complications such as prolonged air leaks (n?=?2), atelectasis (n?=?3) and empyema (n?=?2). No further surgery was required for management of complications. The mean hospital stay was 9.3 days. (range 7–23 days). Oral albendazole was started on the 2nd post operative day after the first thoracotomy in the dose of 10–20 mg/kg and was continued for 3 months with a gap of 1 week after each 21 days. No recurrences or deaths occured during the follow-up period. Conclusions Although staged thoracotomy applied in 3–5 days after the initial thoracotomy increases the total hospital stay, it decreases the chance of possible complications can occur in cysts in the other lung when long intervals are preferred between the first and the second thoracotomy. In our experience, bilateral staged thoracotomy is an appropriate surgical option because morbidity rates are minimal and the hospital stay is acceptable for the treatment of bilateral widespread lung hydatidosis, even in patients who had a total of 20 hydatid cysts.
Dorsal striatal dopamine, food preference and health perception in humans.
To date, few studies have explored the neurochemical mechanisms supporting individual differences in food preference in humans. Here we investigate how dorsal striatal dopamine, as measured by the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]fluorometatyrosine (FMT), correlates with food-related decision-making, as well as body mass index (BMI) in 16 healthy-weight to moderately obese individuals. We find that lower PET FMT dopamine synthesis binding potential correlates with higher BMI, greater preference for perceived "healthy" foods, but also greater healthiness ratings for food items. These findings further substantiate the role of dorsal striatal dopamine in food-related behaviors and shed light on the complexity of individual differences in food preference. PMID:24806534
Wallace, Deanna L; Aarts, Esther; Dang, Linh C; Greer, Stephanie M; Jagust, William J; D Esposito, Mark
Arthroscopic Reduction of Complex Dorsal Metacarpophalangeal Dislocation of Index Finger
Complex dorsal dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint is an uncommon injury, typically caused by entrapment of the volar plate within the joint space. Closed reduction of the dislocation is not effective; instead, open reduction is necessary to release the soft tissues interposed between the metacarpal head and the proximal phalanx. However, an operative risk of digital nerve injury exists because of intricate displacement of the normal anatomy. We successfully reduced a dislocation by arthroscopic release of the entrapped volar plate. The case involved an 11-year-old boy with a complex dorsal dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the right index finger that had failed closed reduction. This technique allowed for reliable joint reduction, enabling observation of the structures obstructing the reduction; was less invasive; and avoided the risk of neurovascular injury. It is a reasonable method to use when the volar plate prevents reduction of the dislocation.
Kodama, Akira; Itotani, Yuji; Mizuseki, Takaya
Arthroscopic reduction of complex dorsal metacarpophalangeal dislocation of index finger.
Complex dorsal dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint is an uncommon injury, typically caused by entrapment of the volar plate within the joint space. Closed reduction of the dislocation is not effective; instead, open reduction is necessary to release the soft tissues interposed between the metacarpal head and the proximal phalanx. However, an operative risk of digital nerve injury exists because of intricate displacement of the normal anatomy. We successfully reduced a dislocation by arthroscopic release of the entrapped volar plate. The case involved an 11-year-old boy with a complex dorsal dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the right index finger that had failed closed reduction. This technique allowed for reliable joint reduction, enabling observation of the structures obstructing the reduction; was less invasive; and avoided the risk of neurovascular injury. It is a reasonable method to use when the volar plate prevents reduction of the dislocation. PMID:24904773
Kodama, Akira; Itotani, Yuji; Mizuseki, Takaya
Metabotropic purinoreceptors in rat dorsal horn neurones: predominant dendritic location.
Elevations of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by addition of ATP have been compared in rat dorsal horn neurones in slices and after their isolation. ATP application induced in neurones in situ a rise of [Ca2+]i by 201 +/- 12 nM. In Ca2+-free external solution the rise was 156 +/- 14 nM (n = 45 of 76), indicating the presence of active purinergic metabotropic receptors in about 59% of neurones. [Ca2+]i transients induced by 2MeSATP in Ca2+-free external solution were completely abolished by 10 microM PPADS, indicating that some of the corresponding receptors are of the P2Y1 type. In acutely isolated neurones which lost their dendrites, there were no metabotropic response. The results confirm the presence of metabotropic postsynaptic purinoreceptors located in the dendritic tree of dorsal horn neurones. PMID:11733700
Kruglikov, I; Shutov, L; Potapenko, E; Voitenko, N; Kostyuk, P
Dorsal Striatal Dopamine, Food Preference and Health Perception in Humans
To date, few studies have explored the neurochemical mechanisms supporting individual differences in food preference in humans. Here we investigate how dorsal striatal dopamine, as measured by the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]fluorometatyrosine (FMT), correlates with food-related decision-making, as well as body mass index (BMI) in 16 healthy-weight to moderately obese individuals. We find that lower PET FMT dopamine synthesis binding potential correlates with higher BMI, greater preference for perceived "healthy" foods, but also greater healthiness ratings for food items. These findings further substantiate the role of dorsal striatal dopamine in food-related behaviors and shed light on the complexity of individual differences in food preference.
Wallace, Deanna L.; Aarts, Esther; Dang, Linh C.; Greer, Stephanie M.; Jagust, William J.; D?Esposito, Mark
Mitotic activity in dorsal epidermis of Rana pipiens.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Study of statistically significant rhythms of mitotic division in dorsal epidermis of frogs, Rana pipiens, exposed to a 12:12 light:dark environment for 14 days. The results include the findings that (1) male animals have a primary period of 22 hr in summer and 18 hr in winter, (2) female animals have an 18 hr period, and (3) parapinealectomy and blinding abolish the rhythm.
Garcia-Arce, H.; Mizell, S.
Neural dynamics of phonological processing in the dorsal auditory stream.
Neuroanatomical models hypothesize a role for the dorsal auditory pathway in phonological processing as a feedforward efferent system (Davis and Johnsrude, 2007; Rauschecker and Scott, 2009; Hickok et al., 2011). But the functional organization of the pathway, in terms of time course of interactions between auditory, somatosensory, and motor regions, and the hemispheric lateralization pattern is largely unknown. Here, ambiguous duplex syllables, with elements presented dichotically at varying interaural asynchronies, were used to parametrically modulate phonological processing and associated neural activity in the human dorsal auditory stream. Subjects performed syllable and chirp identification tasks, while event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance images were concurrently collected. Joint independent component analysis was applied to fuse the neuroimaging data and study the neural dynamics of brain regions involved in phonological processing with high spatiotemporal resolution. Results revealed a highly interactive neural network associated with phonological processing, composed of functional fields in posterior temporal gyrus (pSTG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and ventral central sulcus (vCS) that were engaged early and almost simultaneously (at 80-100 ms), consistent with a direct influence of articulatory somatomotor areas on phonemic perception. Left hemispheric lateralization was observed 250 ms earlier in IPL and vCS than pSTG, suggesting that functional specialization of somatomotor (and not auditory) areas determined lateralization in the dorsal auditory pathway. The temporal dynamics of the dorsal auditory pathway described here offer a new understanding of its functional organization and demonstrate that temporal information is essential to resolve neural circuits underlying complex behaviors. PMID:24068810
Liebenthal, Einat; Sabri, Merav; Beardsley, Scott A; Mangalathu-Arumana, Jain; Desai, Anjali
Neural Dynamics of Phonological Processing in the Dorsal Auditory Stream
Neuroanatomical models hypothesize a role for the dorsal auditory pathway in phonological processing as a feedforward efferent system (Davis and Johnsrude, 2007; Rauschecker and Scott, 2009; Hickok et al., 2011). But the functional organization of the pathway, in terms of time course of interactions between auditory, somatosensory, and motor regions, and the hemispheric lateralization pattern is largely unknown. Here, ambiguous duplex syllables, with elements presented dichotically at varying interaural asynchronies, were used to parametrically modulate phonological processing and associated neural activity in the human dorsal auditory stream. Subjects performed syllable and chirp identification tasks, while event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance images were concurrently collected. Joint independent component analysis was applied to fuse the neuroimaging data and study the neural dynamics of brain regions involved in phonological processing with high spatiotemporal resolution. Results revealed a highly interactive neural network associated with phonological processing, composed of functional fields in posterior temporal gyrus (pSTG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and ventral central sulcus (vCS) that were engaged early and almost simultaneously (at 80–100 ms), consistent with a direct influence of articulatory somatomotor areas on phonemic perception. Left hemispheric lateralization was observed 250 ms earlier in IPL and vCS than pSTG, suggesting that functional specialization of somatomotor (and not auditory) areas determined lateralization in the dorsal auditory pathway. The temporal dynamics of the dorsal auditory pathway described here offer a new understanding of its functional organization and demonstrate that temporal information is essential to resolve neural circuits underlying complex behaviors.
Sabri, Merav; Beardsley, Scott A.; Mangalathu-Arumana, Jain; Desai, Anjali
Isolated ulnar dorsal cutaneous nerve herpes zoster reactivation.
Herpes zoster is a viral disease presenting with vesicular eruptions that are usually preceded by pain and erythema. Herpes zoster can be seen in any dermatome of the body but most commonly appears in the thoracic region. Herpes zoster virus is typically transmitted from person to person through direct contact. The virus remains dormant in the dorsal ganglion of the affected individual throughout his or her lifetime. Herpes zoster reactivation commonly occurs in elderly people due to normal age-related decline in cell-mediated immunity. Postherpetic neuralgia is the most common complication and is defined as persistent pain or dysesthesia 1 month after resolution of the herpetic rash. This article describes a healthy 51-year-old woman who experienced a burning sensation and shooting pain along the ulnar dorsal cutaneous nerve. Ten days after the onset of pain, she developed cutaneous vesicular eruption and decreased light-touch sensation. Wrist and fourth and fifth finger range of motion were painful and slightly limited. Muscle strength was normal. Nerve conduction studies indicated an ulnar dorsal cutaneous nerve lesion. She was treated with anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs and the use of a short-arm resting splint. At 5-month follow-up, she reported no residual pain, numbness, or weakness. Herpes zoster in the upper extremity may be mistaken for entrapment neuropathies and diseases characterized by skin eruptions; ulnar nerve zoster reactivation is rarely seen. The authors report an uncommon ulnar dorsal cutaneous nerve herpes zoster reactivation. Clinicians should be aware of this virus during patients' initial evaluation. PMID:24025017
Kayipmaz, Murat; Basaran, Serdar Hakan; Ercin, Ersin; Kural, Cemal
The Organization of Dorsal Frontal Cortex in Humans and Macaques
The human dorsal frontal cortex has been associated with the most sophisticated aspects of cognition, including those that are thought to be especially refined in humans. Here we used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) in humans and macaques to infer and compare the organization of dorsal frontal cortex in the two species. Using DW-MRI tractography-based parcellation, we identified 10 dorsal frontal regions lying between the human inferior frontal sulcus and cingulate cortex. Patterns of functional coupling between each area and the rest of the brain were then estimated with fMRI and compared with functional coupling patterns in macaques. Areas in human medial frontal cortex, including areas associated with high-level social cognitive processes such as theory of mind, showed a surprising degree of similarity in their functional coupling patterns with the frontal pole, medial prefrontal, and dorsal prefrontal convexity in the macaque. We failed to find evidence for "new" regions in human medial frontal cortex. On the lateral surface, comparison of functional coupling patterns suggested correspondences in anatomical organization distinct from those that are widely assumed. A human region sometimes referred to as lateral frontal pole more closely resembled area 46, rather than the frontal pole, of the macaque. Overall the pattern of results suggest important similarities in frontal cortex organization in humans and other primates, even in the case of regions thought to carry out uniquely human functions. The patterns of interspecies correspondences are not, however, always those that are widely assumed.
Mars, Rogier B.; Noonan, MaryAnn P.; Neubert, Franz-Xaver; Jbabdi, Saad; O'Reilly, Jill X.; Filippini, Nicola; Thomas, Adam G.; Rushworth, Matthew F.
[Bilateral cerebellar hematoma after supratentorial glioma surgery].
We present a case of bilateral hematoma in cerebellar hemispheres in a 30-year-old man after surgical treatment of extensive left frontal glioma. 16 hours after surgery the patient lost consciousness. An immediate CT revealed hematoma in both cerebellar hemispheres. The hematoma was subsequently removed via bilateral suboccipital craniectomy. After the operation the clinical status of the patient gradually improved - he was discharged in a good general condition. In the presented case the hematoma developed presumably as a consequence of extensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) loss (670 ml) via postoperative wound drainage. The resulting cerebellar displacement caused strain of the draining veins, affecting blood outflow, and causing parenchymal hemorrhage. In order to prevent the complication, massive CSF loss during and after operation should be avoided. Careful monitoring of the patient's condition in the postoperative period, even if the general status is good, is important because only an immediate intervention may prevent the development of irreversible consequences of cerebellar hematoma formation. PMID:15354240
Czepko, Ryszard; Kwinta, Borys; Uhl, Henryka; Urbanik, Andrzej; Libionka, Witold; Pietraszko, Wojciech
Amyloidosis in bilateral external auditory canals.
We report a 76-year-old man, a retired farmer, presenting with bilateral external auditory canal obstruction. Skin examination revealed multiple pruritic nodules and periorbital purpura. Ear canal opening surgery was performed. Skin and ear canal biopsy revealed extensive amyloid depositions. Immunoelectrophoresis for urinary Bence-Jones protein was positive, and bone marrow examination showed plasma cell dyscrasia. He received chemotherapy for amyloid light-chain amyloidosis secondary to light-chain multiple myeloma but died from myeloma progression. This case demonstrated how infiltrative conditions such as amyloidosis can lead to bilateral auditory canal obstruction and that the diagnosis of amyloidosis can be missed if a clinician focuses solely on a single organ. PMID:24825551
Hosoi, Takahiro; Dhaliwal, Gurpreet; Tokuda, Yasuharu
[Primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with bilateral nephrolithiasis].
Experience in the diagnosis and treatment of the renal form of primary hyperparathyroidism in 57 patients with bilateral nephrolithiasis was summed up. The main diagnostic criterion was the detection of biochemical changes in the blood and urine (hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria) and the use of some tests (Howard's test and parathyroidin test). Parathyroidectomy was performed after establishing diagnosis. A new stage in therapy of such patients was a study of renal function and phosphocalcium metabolism after parathyroidectomy. The improvement of some indices (an increase in glomerular filtration, urea excretion with urine and relative urine density, and a decrease in hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia) indicated the effectiveness of surgical intervention for primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with bilateral nephrolithiasis. It was also confirmed by a decrease in lithogenic relapse after parathyroidectomy. PMID:2587527
Serniak, P S; Guzenko, V N; Berko, E M
Bilateral Macular Hole Following Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy
A 42-year-old man was admitted to our clinic complaining of visual distortion in his left eye two months after bilateral myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a stage II macular hole in the left eye. Simultaneous OCT in the right eye showed vitreous traction and distortion of the outer retina. One month later, the patient underwent vitrectomy for the left eye, and the macular hole was closed. Two months after that, the patient complained of visual distortion in the right eye, and OCT revealed increased traction and accentuated outer retinal distortion indicating a stage IB macular hole. Traction attenuated later without any intervention. The short interval between PRK and hole formation, bilateral involvement, and the moderate refractive error in this case highlight the possible role of PRK in aggravating vitreoretinal interface abnormalities. We recommend the addition of PRK to the list of procedures that may be associated with the formation of a macular hole.
Shoeibi, Nasser; Abrishami, Majid; Ansari-Astaneh, Mohammad-reza
Bilateral brachial plexus compressive neuropathy (crutch palsy).
Brachial plexus compressive neuropathy following the use of axillary crutches (crutch palsy) is a rare but well-recognized entity. Most reported cases involve the posterior cord of the brachial plexus in children and have resolved spontaneously within 8-12 weeks. We recently treated a 36-year-old man who was using axillary crutches for mobilization after a supracondylar femoral fracture. Bilateral posterior cord (predominantly radial nerve) compressive neuropathy subsequently developed, with lesser involvement of the ulnar and median nerves. The patient had little to no improvement clinically 8 weeks after the estimated onset of the palsy, and an electromyogram at that time confirmed the presence of a severe axonotmesis lesion of the radial, median, and ulnar nerves bilaterally. The patient was treated with static cock-up wrist splinting and discontinuation of the axillary crutches. Return of sensory and motor function was delayed but occurred within 9 months. PMID:9057152
Raikin, S; Froimson, M I
[Bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy following intubation].
Hypoglossal nerve palsy following intubation is a rare complication that can be reversible depending on the extent of nerve damage. A 63-year-old male with a sigma carcinoma was repeatedly intubated orotracheally due to postoperative complications. After the fourth intubation, bilateral, complete hypoglossal nerve palsy with severe dysarthria and swallowing disability was observed. A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube was inserted for nutrition and to prevent aspiration. Cerebral MRI showed no pathological findings, particularly in the brainstem. Electromyographic studies revealed pathological spontaneous activity of both glossal muscles without any motor unit potential consistent with an axonal lesion of both hypoglossal nerves. Nevertheless, complete clinical and electromyographical recovery occurred within 7 months. The bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy in our patient was probably due to mechanical alteration during intubation, leading to axonotmesis. Hypoglossal nerve palsy following intubation might have a favourable prognosis as long as continuity of the nerve sheath is maintained. PMID:16133427
Bramer, S; Koscielny, S; Witte, O W; Terborg, C
Bilateral Breast Masses with a Rare Etiology
Breast masses have a variety of benign and malignant etiologies. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman with bilateral large painful breast masses that developed rapidly in the three weeks before first presentation. Further investigation revealed bilateral ovarian masses. Biopsies of both ovarian masses were taken, and the pathology reported Burkitt's lymphoma. Additional staging with a PET scan was suggestive of bone marrow involvement, but bone marrow biopsy was negative. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid did not identify malignant cells. The patient underwent CODOX-M/IVAC chemotherapy, and a complete response was demonstrated after one cycle of treatment. Six months after finishing chemotherapy the patient remained in complete remission. To our knowledge this is the first case reporting simultaneous involvement of breast, ovaries, and bones in Burkitt's lymphoma. Gynecologists and oncologists should be aware of this pattern. Polychemotherapy treatment must be initiated rapidly with curative intent.
Sartorius, Gideon; Kalf, Katrin; Heinzelmann, Viola
Systemic effects of bilateral tibial versus bilateral femoral shaft fractures. Is there a difference?
The authors investigated the prevalence and the difference in the severity of systemic complications following intramedullary nailing of bilateral tibial and femoral shaft fractures. A retrospective chart analysis of 12 consecutive patients with bilateral tibial shaft fractures (TF) and 14 patients with bilateral femoral shaft fractures (FF) was performed. The incidences of bilateral tibial fractures and bilateral femoral shaft fractures were 3.8% and 4.6% respectively. The median Injury Severity Score (ISS) in TF group was 13 (9-29) compared to 16 (9-34) in the FF group (p = 0.169). The mean resuscitation requirements were 4.2 (3-11) litres of colloids and crystalloids and 1.7 (0-10) units of blood in the TF group and 10.6 (6-16) litres of colloids and crystalloids and 9.2 (5-25) units of blood in the FF group (p = 0.002). In the TF group there was 1 death compared to 2 in the FF group. In the TF group, there were 2 cases of ARDS, 4 cases of deep sepsis and 3 above knee amputations. In the FF group, there were 6 cases of ARDS (p = 0.04), 1 case of deep sepsis and 1 above knee amputation. Patients with bilateral tibial shaft fractures revealed lower ISS, resuscitation requirements, ARDS, associated injuries, and mortality when compared to bilateral femoral shaft fractures. This is probably due to the anatomical difference in the morphology of the bones, volume of liberated intravascular marrow fat, organisation and layout of the venous capillary network and severity of associated injuries. PMID:15165015
Raman, Raghu; Sidhom, Sameh; Pape, Hans C; Giannoudis, Peter V
Dorsal onlay vaginal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture
Introduction: Female urethral stricture is an underdiagnosed and overlooked cause of female bladder outlet obstruction. The possible etiologies may be infection, prior dilation, difficult catheterization with subsequent fibrosis, urethral surgery, trauma, or idiopathic. We present our technique and results of dorsal onlay full thickness vaginal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 16 female patients with mid-urethral stricture who underwent dorsal onlay vaginal graft urethroplasty from January 2007 to June 2011. Of these, 13 patients had previously undergone multiple Hegar dilatations, three had previous internal urethrotomies. The preoperative work up included detailed voiding history, local examination, uroflowmetry, calibration, and micturating cystourethrogram. Results: All patients had mid-urethral stricture. Mean age was 47.5 years. Mean Qmax improved from 6.2 to 27.6 ml/s. Mean residual volume decreased from 160 to 20 ml. Mean duration of follow-up was 24.5 months (6 months to 3 years). Only one patient required self-calibration for 6 months after which her stricture stabilized. None of the patient was incontinent. Conclusion: Dorsal vaginal onlay graft urethroplasty could be considered as an effective way to treat female urethral stricture.
Singh, Manmeet; Kapoor, Rakesh; Kapoor, Deepa; Kapoor, Rohit; Srivastav, Alok; Chipde, Saurabh
Dorsal/ventral hippocampus, fornix, and conditioned place preference.
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a learning paradigm requiring formation of associations between reward and particular locations. White and McDonald (Behav Brain Res 1993;55:269-281) demonstrated that amygdala (AMG) lesions impair, while fornix (Fx) lesions enhance learning of this task. In the present experiments, we replicated the effects of AMG and Fx lesions, but we also found that complete hippocampal (HPC) lesions interfere with normal performance. Thus, the effects of Fx and HPC lesions on CPP are opposite. This is in contrast with spatial learning in the water maze. Because it has been demonstrated that damage of dorsal HPC interferes to a greater extent with spatial learning than damage of ventral HPC, we also tested animals with either dorsal or ventral HPC disruptions on CPP. Lesions limited to dorsal HPC were followed by impairment on this task. In contrast, lesions limited to ventral HPC resulted in enhanced learning. We argue that Fx and HPC lesions do not have interchangeable effects in all learning paradigms. To explain the complex pattern of results presently obtained, we propose a novel hypothesis regarding behavioral functions of HPC neural circuits. Implications regarding the interaction between memory systems are also considered. PMID:11345125
Ferbinteanu, J; McDonald, R J
Neuronal Correlates of Instrumental Learning in the Dorsal Striatum
We recorded neuronal activity simultaneously in the medial and lateral regions of the dorsal striatum as rats learned an operant task. The task involved making head entries into a response port followed by movements to collect rewards at an adjacent reward port. The availability of sucrose reward was signaled by an acoustic stimulus. During training, animals showed increased rates of responding and came to move rapidly and selectively, following the stimulus, from the response port to the reward port. Behavioral "devaluation" studies, pairing sucrose with lithium chloride, established that entries into the response port were habitual (insensitive to devaluation of sucrose) from early in training and entries into the reward port remained goal-directed (sensitive to devaluation) throughout training. Learning-related changes in behavior were paralleled by changes in neuronal activity in the dorsal striatum, with an increasing number of neurons showing task-related firing over the training period. Throughout training, we observed more task-related neurons in the lateral striatum compared with those in the medial striatum. Many of these neurons fired at higher rates during initiation of movements in the presence of the stimulus, compared with similar movements in the absence of the stimulus. Learning was also accompanied by progressive increases in movement-related potentials and transiently increased theta-band oscillations (5–8 Hz) in simultaneously recorded field potentials. Together, these data suggest that representations of task-relevant stimuli and movements develop in the dorsal striatum during instrumental learning.
Kimchi, Eyal Y.; Torregrossa, Mary M.; Taylor, Jane R.; Laubach, Mark
A cellular Potts model of germband retraction and dorsal closure
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Germband retraction and dorsal closure are critical morphogenetic events in fruit fly embryogenesis. Both involve the coordinated reshaping of two epitheloid tissues -- germband (GB) and amnioserosa (AS). The GB is initially curled into a U-shape with the AS between the arms of the U. Retraction leaves the embryo's dorsal surface covered by AS cells which then contract to pull lateral parts of the GB up to cover the dorsal surface. We have simulated these events using a cellular Potts model. The model is 3D with several generalized cell types: a central yolk; a surrounding monolayer of AS and GB cells with epithelial polarization; and an outer vitelline membrane enclosing the cells and a perivitelline fluid. The model also incorporates several critical cell behaviors: polarized apical constriction of AS cells; controlled relaxation of stretched GB cells; and differentiation of GB cells at the GB-AS interface so that these cells then contract a supracellular purse-string and extend filopodia that reach across the AS and zip together the GB's approaching lateral flanks. We will discuss how all of these components are necessary to reproduce normal tissue motions and those observed during laser microsurgery experiments.
Hutson, M. Shane; Rohner, Jason; Crews, Sarah; McCleery, W. Tyler; Robinson, W. Bradley
The dorsal stream contribution to phonological retrieval in object naming
Meaningful speech, as exemplified in object naming, calls on knowledge of the mappings between word meanings and phonological forms. Phonological errors in naming (e.g. GHOST named as 'goath') are commonly seen in persisting post-stroke aphasia and are thought to signal impairment in retrieval of phonological form information. We performed a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping analysis of 1718 phonological naming errors collected from 106 individuals with diverse profiles of aphasia. Voxels in which lesion status correlated with phonological error rates localized to dorsal stream areas, in keeping with classical and contemporary brain-language models. Within the dorsal stream, the critical voxels were concentrated in premotor cortex, pre- and postcentral gyri and supramarginal gyrus with minimal extension into auditory-related posterior temporal and temporo-parietal cortices. This challenges the popular notion that error-free phonological retrieval requires guidance from sensory traces stored in posterior auditory regions and points instead to sensory-motor processes located further anterior in the dorsal stream. In a separate analysis, we compared the lesion maps for phonological and semantic errors and determined that there was no spatial overlap, demonstrating that the brain segregates phonological and semantic retrieval operations in word production.
Faseyitan, Olufunsho; Kim, Junghoon; Coslett, H. Branch
A Cell-Level Biomechanical Model of Drosophila Dorsal Closure
We report a model describing the various stages of dorsal closure of Drosophila. Inspired by experimental observations, we represent the amnioserosa by 81 hexagonal cells that are coupled mechanically through the position of the nodes and the elastic forces on the edges. In addition, each cell has radial spokes representing actin filaments on which myosin motors can attach and exert contractile forces on the nodes, the attachment being controlled by a signaling molecule. Thus, the model couples dissipative cell and tissue motion with kinetic equations describing the myosin and signal dynamics. In the early phase, amnioserosa cells oscillate as a result of coupling among the chemical signaling, myosin attachment/detachment, and mechanical deformation of neighboring cells. In the slow phase, we test two ratcheting mechanisms suggested by experiments: an internal ratchet by the apical and junctional myosin condensates, and an external one by the supracellular actin cables encircling the amnioserosa. Within the range of parameters tested, the model predictions suggest the former as the main contributor to cell and tissue area reduction in this stage. In the fast phase of dorsal closure, cell pulsation is arrested, and the cell and tissue areas contract consistently. This is realized in the model by gradually shrinking the resting length of the spokes. Overall, the model captures the key features of dorsal closure through the three distinct phases, and its predictions are in good agreement with observations.
Wang, Qiming; Feng, James J.; Pismen, Len M.
Dorsal specification in blastoderm at the blastula stage in the goldfish, Carassius auratus.
The teleost dorsoventral axis cannot be morphologically distinguished before gastrulation. Previous studies by the current authors have shown that localized dorsalizing activity in the yolk cell (YC) induces the dorsal tissues in the overlying blastoderm. In order to examine whether or not dorsal blastomeres are committed to their dorsal fate before the gastrula stage, a variety of transplant operations were performed in goldfish blastoderms at the mid- to late-blastula stages. When the blastoderm was cut from the YC, rotated horizontally at 180 degrees, and recombined with the YC, the blastoderm frequently developed two axes, indicating that dorsal blastomeres of the blastula had already acquired the ability to differentiate into the organizer in the absence of dorsalizing signals from the YC. This result was further confirmed by experiments using ventralized embryos in which no dorsal structures formed: the axis formation was frequently observed in the normal blastoderm combined with the ventralized YC at the blastula stage. However, the axes formed in the absence of dorsal information from the YC exhibited a lower dorso-anterior index. Furthermore, the dorsal specification was not stably maintained when the dorsal cells were located far from the YC. These results suggest that the inductive and permissive influence of the YC may be required for the blastoderm to undergo full dorsal differentiation. PMID:9639354
Yamaha, E; Mizuno, T; Hasebe, Y; Takeda, H; Yamazaki, F
Storage Detrusor Pressure in Bilateral Hydroureteronephrosis
Objectives: To determine the detrusor pressure (Pdet) during the storage phase associated with upper urinary tract (UUT) dilatation.Subjects and Methods: Twenty–seven patients with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, neither due to organic obstruction nor vesicoureteral reflux, were included. Water cystometry was done according to the recommendations of the International Continence Society [Abrams P., et al.: Scand J Urol Nephrol 1988(suppl 114):5–19]. Pdet at
Ammar G. Ghobish
Fibromuscular Dysplasia Presenting with Bilateral Renal Infarction
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) describes a group of conditions which cause nonatheromatous arterial stenoses, most commonly\\u000a of the renal and carotid arteries, typically in young women. We report a rare case of bilateral segmental renal infarction\\u000a secondary to FMD in a young male patient. His initial presentation with loin pain and pyrexia resulted in a delay in the definitive\\u000a diagnosis of
O. Doody; W. R. Adam; P. T. Foley; S. M. Lyon
Balo's concentric sclerosis involving bilateral thalami.
Balo's concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system, pathologically characterized by alternate bands of demyelination and preserved myelin tissue. Before the era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), most cases of BCS were diagnosed on postmortem examination. MRI allows for noninvasive diagnosis by demonstrating characteristic changes which closely parallels the histopathological features of BCS. We report a case of 26-year-old female with BCS involving bilateral thalami, with typical MRI appearance. PMID:21891941
Badar, Farheen; Azfar, Shah F; Ahmad, Ibne; Kirmani, Sanna; Rashid, Muddassir
Unilateral headache with bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia.
We describe the case of a young woman suffering from migraine. After some years, the headache started to be accompanied by internal ophthalmoplegia. Mydriasis was unilateral and after a few months became bilateral. The ophthalmoplegic migraine is a rare type of headache and it is characterized by paresis of one or more of the third, fourth or sixth cranial nerves. Migraine attacks associated with mydriasis (internal ophthalmoplegia) are extremely rare. Triptan therapy resolved mydriasis, but not the headache. PMID:22183266
Simonetto, Marco; Zanet, Luca; Capozzoli, Francesca; Gelli, Andrea; Masč, Giovanni
Postpartum anuria caused by silent bilateral nephrolithiasis.
A case of remarkable silent anuria caused by bilateral nephrolithiasis in the post-partum period is reported. The anuria was not associated with any kind of pain and the diagnosis was not revealed until three days postpartum when an intravenous pyelography was carried out. Differential diagnosis and management of nephrolithiasis are discussed. Ultrasound scanning is recommended as a routine procedure for all patients with signs and symptoms of renal dysfunction during pregnancy. PMID:3425236
Jakobson, J; Norman, M; Ulmsten, U; Westgren, M
Role of bilateral adrenalectomy in Cushing's disease
Of 206 patients with Cushing's syndrome observed from 1975 through 1991, 144 (69.9%) had pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease. Of the 110 patients who underwent pituitary surgery, 31 (28%) developed an early recurrence and 23 patients (20%) had a late relapse 1 to 5 years after primary pituitary exploration. We performed a one- or two-step total bilateral adrenalectomy in 43 patients—9 men
Gennaro Favia; Marco Boscaro; Franco Lumachi; Davide F. D'Amico
Bilateral piriformis syndrome after total hip arthroplasty
We present the case of a 39-year-old man with bilateral piriformis syndrome 4 and 6 years after two cementless total hip\\u000a arthroplasties, respectively. During surgical exploration, each sciatic nerve was found to be entrapped by a tense piriformis\\u000a muscle and hypertrophic posterior hip capsule. The sciatic-type pain was relieved after sectioning each piriformis muscle\\u000a with external neurolysis. This is the
Y. Uchio; U. Nishikawa; M. Ochi; N. Shu; K. Takata
Frequency and causes of bilateral occular trauma.
Objective: To determine the frequency and causes of bilateral ocular trauma. Design: A descriptive case series. Place and Duration of Study: Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from October 1999 to September 2006. Patients and Methods: All patients coming to the hospital with bilateral eye trauma and requiring admission were recruited into the study. The details of patients' demographics, risk factors, ocular examination, treatment offered and final visual acuity were noted and described as frequency and percentages. Results: Out of a total of 1551 patients of hospitalized ocular trauma, 46 (2.9%, 92 eyes) had bilateral ocular trauma. The majority (54.3%) were due to landmine blast injuries followed by dynamite blast in 10.8%, coalmine blast and firearm injury in 6.5% each. Pressure cooker explosion and road traffic accident was the cause in 4.3% each. Gas cylinder and automobile battery explosion, alkali and acid burn, assault and incidental trauma occurred in 2.1%. Sixty three percent were between 16 and 40 years of age. Males were affected in 93.4%. Corneal and / or scleral repair was done in 58.6%, conjunctival and or corneal foreign body removal in 26% and extracapular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in 16.3%. The visual acuity was in the range of 6/60 and perception of light in 54.3%, while in 21.7%, there was no perception of light at the time of admission. Due to severity of injury, the final visual acuity was poor and only 28.2% regained vision between 6/18 and 6/60. Conclusion: In this series, landmine, dynamite and coalmine blasts were the major causes of bilateral ocular trauma. Victims were usually young males. Due to severity of ocular trauma, majority had poor visual outcome. PMID:18070576
Babar, Tariq Farooq; Khan, Mohammad Naeem; Jan, Sana Ullah; Shah, Shafqat Ali; Zaman, Mir; Khan, Mohammad Daud
Endovascular treatment in two cases of bilateral ischemic stroke.
Acute bilateral intracranial large artery occlusion is a rare occurrence that can lead to bihemispheric ischemia and potentially devastating functional consequences. We discuss two cases that initially presented with unilateral symptoms and did not show signs of bilateral arterial occlusions on the initial MRI imaging. This became evident while performing the angiographic study at the beginning of the endovascular procedure. Both patients were successfully treated with bilateral mechanical thrombectomy as a complement to intravenous thrombolysis. We describe our method of simultaneous sequential bilateral thrombectomy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful endovascular therapy in bilateral ischemic stroke. PMID:24091758
Pop, Raoul; Manisor, Monica; Wolff, Valerie; Habashy, Mohamed; Rouyer, Olivier; Kehrli, Pierre; Marescaux, Christian; Beaujeux, Remy
Bilateral limbic system destruction in man
We report here a case study of a rare neurological patient with bilateral brain damage encompassing a substantial portion of the so-called "limbic system." The patient, Roger, has been studied in our laboratory for over 14 years and the current article presents his complete neuroanatomical and neuropsychological profiles. The brain damage occurred in 1980 following an episode of herpes simplex encephalitis. The amount of destroyed neural tissue is extensive and includes bilateral damage to core limbic and paralimbic regions, including the hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, temporal poles, orbitofrontal cortex, basal forebrain, anterior cingulate cortex, and insular cortex. The right hemisphere is more extensively affected than the left, although the lesions are largely bilateral. Despite the magnitude of his brain damage, Roger has a normal IQ, average to above average attention, working memory, and executive functioning skills, and very good speech and language abilities. In fact, his only obvious presenting deficits are a dense global amnesia and a severe anosmia and ageusia. Roger's case presents a rare opportunity to advance our understanding of the critical functions underlying the human limbic system, and the neuropsychological and neuroanatomical data presented here provide a critical foundation for such investigations.
Feinstein, Justin S.; Rudrauf, David; Khalsa, Sahib S.; Cassell, Martin D.; Bruss, Joel; Grabowski, Thomas J.; Tranel, Daniel
Diagnosis and management of bilateral nasolabial cysts
Nasolabial cysts are painless, submucosal, non-odontogenic jaw cysts presenting as soft tissue swellings in the maxillary anterior mucolabial fold lateral to midline, leading to elevation of nasal ala. Present case documents bilateral nasolabial cysts in a 69-year-old Asian female patient. In the present case, extraoral swelling of maxillary lip and elevation of nasal ala was observed on right side of the face. Intraorally, soft and fluctuant bilateral cysts were observed. Straw-colored fluid was aspirated from the right cyst. Radiographically, erosion of bone in a "cupping" fashion was observed in the region of left cyst. The cysts were enucleated using intraoral approach. Histopathology of the right-sided cyst revealed a cystic cavity lined by stratified squamous cells along with a few mucosal cells. At few places, stratified squamous and pseudostratified columnar epithelia with many cilia and goblet cells were also evident. Capsule was loosely arranged with fibrous tissue and chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Left-sided cystic specimen showed two or more layered stratified squamous lining epithelium with thin capsule. Diagnosis of bilateral nasolabial/nasoalveolar cysts was confirmed.
Parwani, Rajkumar; Parwani, Simran; Wanjari, Sangeeta
High Performance, Three-Dimensional Bilateral Filtering
Image smoothing is a fundamental operation in computer vision and image processing. This work has two main thrusts: (1) implementation of a bilateral filter suitable for use in smoothing, or denoising, 3D volumetric data; (2) implementation of the 3D bilateral filter in three different parallelization models, along with parallel performance studies on two modern HPC architectures. Our bilateral filter formulation is based upon the work of Tomasi [11], but extended to 3D for use on volumetric data. Our three parallel implementations use POSIX threads, the Message Passing Interface (MPI), and Unified Parallel C (UPC), a Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) language. Our parallel performance studies, which were conducted on a Cray XT4 supercomputer and aquad-socket, quad-core Opteron workstation, show our algorithm to have near-perfect scalability up to 120 processors. Parallel algorithms, such as the one we present here, will have an increasingly important role for use in production visual analysis systems as the underlying computational platforms transition from single- to multi-core architectures in the future.
Bethel, E. Wes
Unilateral versus bilateral clubfoot: an analysis of severity and correlation.
This study compares the severity of unilateral and bilateral clubfoot, and the correlation between right and left feet of bilateral cases. Sixty-six unilateral and 75 bilateral clubfoot patients were assessed for severity using the Pirani score at an average age of 12.9 days (SD 9 days). In bilateral cases, the severity of right and left feet was highly correlated (r=0.68). The odds of being very severe were 2.6 (95% confidence interval 1.3-5.1) times higher in bilateral cases (P=0.007). Bilateral and unilateral clubfeet present with differing severity. Right and left feet from bilateral cases are highly correlated. Researchers need to address these issues during study design and analysis. PMID:24869905
Gray, Kelly; Barnes, Elizabeth; Gibbons, Paul; Little, David; Burns, Joshua
Withdrawal and restoration of central vagal afferents within the dorsal vagal complex following subdiaphragmatic vagotomy.
Vagotomy, a severing of the peripheral axons of the vagus nerve, has been extensively utilized to determine the role of vagal afferents in viscerosensory signaling. Vagotomy is also an unavoidable component of some bariatric surgeries. Although it is known that peripheral axons of the vagus nerve degenerate and then regenerate to a limited extent following vagotomy, very little is known about the response of central vagal afferents in the dorsal vagal complex to this type of damage. We tested the hypothesis that vagotomy results in the transient withdrawal of central vagal afferent terminals from their primary central target, the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and were sacrificed 10, 30, or 60 days later. Plastic changes in vagal afferent fibers and synapses were investigated at the morphological and functional levels by using a combination of an anterograde tracer, synapse-specific markers, and patch-clamp electrophysiology in horizontal brain sections. Morphological data revealed that numbers of vagal afferent fibers and synapses in the NTS were significantly reduced 10 days following vagotomy and were restored to control levels by 30 days and 60 days, respectively. Electrophysiology revealed transient decreases in spontaneous glutamate release, glutamate release probability, and the number of primary afferent inputs. Our results demonstrate that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy triggers transient withdrawal and remodeling of central vagal afferent terminals in the NTS. The observed vagotomy-induced plasticity within this key feeding center of the brain may be partially responsible for the response of bariatric patients following gastric bypass surgery. PMID:23749657
Peters, James H; Gallaher, Zachary R; Ryu, Vitaly; Czaja, Krzysztof
A substance P projection from the VMH to the dorsal midbrain central gray: implication for lordosis.
Substance P has been implicated in the modulation of lordosis behavior at the level of the dorsal midbrain central gray (dMCG). Bilateral injections of substance P into the dMCG facilitate estrogen-induced lordosis behavior in ovariectomized female rats. Input from the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) to the dMCG is a vital link in the central nervous system control that mediates the expression of lordosis behavior. Substance P-containing cells have been localized in the VMH and substance P binding sites are localized in the dMCG; this suggested to us that substance P neurons originating in the VMH may terminate in the dMCG. The present study examined the projection of substance P-immunoreactive neurons (SP-IR) in the VMH to the dMCG. The present study examined the projection of substance P-immunoreactive neurons (SP-IR) in the VMH to the dMCG. The retrograde tract tracer fluorogold revealed cell bodies throughout the extent of the VMH and sP immunofluorescence labelled a subpopulation of these cells particularly in the ventrolateral part of the VMH. The majority of sP-projection cells was localized in the caudal two-thirds of the VMH. Thirteen percent of the sP-IR cells were observed to project to the dMCG, while approximately 17% of the sP-IR cells of the ventrolateral part of the VMH projected to the dMCG. These results provide morphological evidence for a substance P projection from the VMH to an area where substance P has been demonstrated to facilitate lordosis behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:1705159
Dornan, W A; Akesson, T R; Micevych, P E
Role of dorsal hippocampal orexin-1 receptors in associating morphine reward with contextual stimuli.
In this study, we evaluated the role of orexin receptors in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) in the development of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and modification of hippocampal c-Fos and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) levels. Orexin-A (0.5, 5, and 50 pmol) and the orexin-1 receptor antagonist, SB334867 (10, 20, and 40 nmol), were bilaterally infused into the dHPC immediately before conditioning with morphine (0.5 or 7.5 mg/kg) using the CPP task. Western blotting was then used to measure the protein levels of c-Fos, total CREB, and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) in the hippocampus. Orexin did not enhance the rewarding efficacy of morphine (0.5 mg/kg), but caused a reduction in hippocampal c-Fos. Successful conditioning with morphine (7.5 mg/kg) was associated with increased levels of hippocampal c-Fos and CREB, but with decreased CREB phosphorylation. Intrahippocampal administration of SB334867 before conditioning sessions disrupted the rewarding effect of morphine (7.5 mg/kg) and blocked morphine-induced increases in hippocampal CREB protein levels. The results suggest that orexin signaling within the dHPC is necessary for the development of morphine CPP. Morphine reward is related to altered levels of hippocampal c-Fos and CREB. Inhibition of morphine-induced increases in CREB levels might be the underlying mechanism for the disruption of morphine CPP. PMID:23787292
Riahi, Esmail; Khodagholi, Fariba; Haghparast, Abbas
Bilateral breast reconstruction using bilateral anterolateral thigh flaps: a case report.
Options for autologous reconstruction have been limited in some patients by previous abdominal surgeries, and by lack of adequate abdominal tissue. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has previously been described as an alternate donor site for autologous breast reconstruction when abdominal tissue is unavailable or unsuitable.We describe our experience with a 41-year-old low body mass index (19.8 kg/m) patient with previous suction-assisted lipectomy underwent bilateral breast reconstruction using bilateral ALT flaps.At a follow-up of 2 years, the patient was delighted with her reconstructed breasts and despite her athletic build was able to fill a B cup bra.ALT flap has the advantages of a long pedicle, adequate soft adipose tissue, and also allowing supine positioning with a 2-team approach. The anterolateral flap is a credible alternative that may be considered for bilateral autologous breast reconstruction in selected patients. PMID:19158519
Bernier, Christina; Ali, Rozina; Rebecca, Alanna; Cheng, Ming-Huei
Generalization of visuomotor learning between bilateral and unilateral conditions.
A long history of behavioral and physiological research has suggested that bilateral coordination invokes unique neural processes that are not involved in unilateral movements. This hypothesis predicts that motor learning should show limited transfer between unilateral and bilateral conditions, which is consistent with a recent finding that indicated partial, but not complete, transfer of learning between the two conditions. However, during learning of new motor skills, transformations must also be made between visual and proprioceptive coordinate systems, a process that may occur upstream to the processes that differentiate bilateral from unilateral movements. We now investigate whether visuomotor adaptations are shared between unilateral and bilateral movement conditions. Our results indicate substantial transfer from bilateral to subsequent unilateral conditions for both arms. Interestingly, whereas the nondominant arm never showed complete adaptation to visual rotation under bilateral conditions, this interference, or lack of improvement, in bilateral performance did not disturb the visuomotor adaptation process or transfer, as reflected by superb unilateral performances immediately following the bilateral conditions. These findings unambiguously indicate that visuomotor adaptation can extensively generalize between bilateral and unilateral conditions, thus suggesting a substantial overlap in the neural processes underlying visuomotor transformations between the two movement conditions. Our findings provide support for a two-stage model of motor planning, in which the visuomotor transformation process precedes the processes that convert the visuomotor plan into effector-specific commands that incorporate bilateral synergies and that result in the forces that determine motion. PMID:19759325
Wang, Jinsung; Sainburg, Robert L
A Bilateral Advantage for Storage in Visual Working Memory
Various studies have demonstrated enhanced visual processing when information is presented across both visual hemifields rather than in a single hemifield (the bilateral advantage). For example, reported that observers were able to track twice as many moving visual stimuli when the tracked items were presented bilaterally rather than unilaterally, suggesting that independent resources enable tracking in the two visual fields. Motivated by similarities in the apparent capacity and neural substrates that mediate tracking and visual working memory (WM), the present work examined whether or not a bilateral advantage also arises during storage in visual WM. Using a recall procedure to assess working memory for orientation information, we found a reliable bilateral advantage; recall error was smaller with bilateral sample displays than with unilateral displays. To demonstrate that the bilateral advantage influenced storage per se rather than just encoding efficiency, we replicated the observed bilateral advantage using sequentially presented stimuli. Finally, to further characterize how bilateral presentations enhanced storage in working memory, we measured both the number and the resolution of the stored items and found that bilateral presentations lead to an increased probability of storage, rather than enhanced mnemonic resolution. Thus, the bilateral advantage extends beyond the initial selection and encoding of visual information to influence online maintenance in visual working memory.
Umemoto, Akina; Drew, Trafton; Ester, Edward F.; Awh, Edward
Bilateral Wilms' tumors: changing concepts in management
Bilaterality is uncommon in Wilms' tumor, being present in 4% to 8% of the cases. We report the combined experience of two children's hospitals in one city over a 20-year period. We encountered nine cases of synchronous bilateral nephroblastoma (National Wilms' Tumor Study 3, stage V). Age at diagnosis ranged from 9 to 41 months (mean 23 months). There were five girls and four boys. Associated findings include nephroblastomatosis in three cases (33%), one of which also had a familial history; undescended testis in two cases; and minor anomalies in two other cases. Surgical treatment consisted of unilateral nephrectomy with contralateral partial nephrectomy or tumorectomy in six cases, nephrectomy with contralateral biopsy only in two cases, and the other patient had bilateral biopsies initially, followed at a later date by partial nephrectomy on one side. All patients received chemotherapy; actinomycin D (AMD) only was used in the oldest case, vincristine and AMD in five cases, to which was added cyclophosphamide in one case and adriamycin in two. Seven patients received radiation therapy. Seven out of the nine patients survived more than 2 years (77%); five are well, off chemotherapy, with no evidence of disease from 4 to 11 years after diagnosis. Two patients suffered from chronic renal failure and one died from complications after renal transplantation more than 19 years after diagnosis. The two patients who died from their disease presented with more advanced tumor. Therefore, the agressiveness of multimodal therapy can be tailored according to stage and histology, and effective chemotherapy allows maximal preservation of renal parenchyma in patients with stage I and II tumors.
Laberge, J.M.; Nguyen, L.T.; Homsy, Y.L.; Doody, D.P.
Mechanism of highly synchronized bilateral hippocampal activity.
In vivo studies of epileptiform discharges in the hippocampi of rodents have shown that bilateral seizure activity can sometimes be synchronized with very small delays (<2 ms). This observed small time delay of epileptiform activity between the left and right CA3 regions is unexpected given the physiological propagation time across the hemispheres (>6 ms). The goal of this study is to determine the mechanisms of this tight synchronization with in-vitro electrophysiology techniques and computer simulations. The hypothesis of a common source was first eliminated by using an in-vitro preparation containing both hippocampi with a functional ventral hippocampal commissure (VHC) and no other tissue. Next, the hypothesis that a noisy baseline could mask the underlying synchronous activity between the two hemispheres was ruled out by low noise in-vivo recordings and computer simulation of the noisy environment. Then we built a novel bilateral CA3 model to test the hypothesis that the phenomenon of very small left-to-right propagation delay of seizure activity is a product of epileptic cell network dynamics. We found that the commissural tract connectivity could decrease the delay between seizure events recorded from two sides while the activity propagated longitudinally along the CA3 layer thereby yielding delays much smaller than the propagation time between the two sides. The modeling results indicate that both recurrent and feedforward inhibition were required for shortening the bilateral propagation delay and depended critically on the length of the commissural fiber tract as well as the number of cells involved in seizure generation. These combined modeling/experimental studies indicate that it is possible to explain near perfect synchronization between the two hemispheres by taking into account the structure of the hippocampal network. PMID:24262205
Wang, Y; Toprani, S; Tang, Y; Vrabec, T; Durand, D M
Bilateral symmetric stress fractures in a toddler.
Stress fractures are a common injury among adolescent athletes and military recruits. The increase in child participation in organized sport activities has contributed to the inclusion of the skeletally immature age group among those who may suffer from this problem. Bilateral simultaneous symmetric tibial stress fractures that are infrequent in older children are even more rare in toddlers. This entity may cause a diagnostic problem as it must be differentiated from infectious disease, acute trauma or even from the result of a battered child. PMID:11269816
Keret, D; Segev, E; Hayek, S; Lokiec, F; Wientroub, S
Bilateral Ossiculoplasty in 1 Case of Achondroplasia
Achondroplasia is the most common skeletal dysplasia and it combines various complications with normal longevity. Hearing disturbance due to otitis media or an ossicular anomaly is one of the most common complications. Conductive hearing loss is suggested as the most common form of hearing loss. Temporal bone and middle ear structures are distorted in achondroplasia because of rotational change of the skull base. Authors experienced a case of an achondroplastic patient with bilateral hearing disturbance. We faced making a potential mistake during the previous operation but a favorable postoperative result occurred. Our experience could be helpful to other clinicians who face achondroplastic patients.
Jung, Jongyoon; Yang, Chulwon; Lee, Sunkyu
Bilateral TMJ Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory, slowly progressive disease that results in cartilage and bone destruction. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement is not uncommon in RA, and it is present in about more than 50% of patients; however, TMJ is usually among the last joints to be involved and is associated with many varied clinical signs and symptoms. Hence, RA of TMJ presents to the dentist with great diagnostic challenges. This report presents a case of RA with bilateral TMJ involvement with its classical radiographic findings and review literature.
Ruparelia, Pritesh B.; Shah, Deep S.; Ruparelia, Kosha; Sutaria, Shreyansh P.; Pathak, Deep
Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.
With increasing public awareness of the risk for breast cancer and modern techniques of reconstruction, the option of surgical prophylaxis for risk reduction is becoming increasingly popular. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy for women at increased risk of developing breast cancer and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy for those with unilateral breast cancer seeking symmetry, risk reduction, and ease of follow-up are acceptable options for many women. However, prophylactic surgery is not an inconsequential decision, and careful consideration should be given to the risks and benefits of such procedures. PMID:24882342
Chagpar, Anees B
Bilateral retroesophageal course of the carotid arteries.
Many variations in the anatomy of the carotid artery are described in the literature. There are few case reports of hypoplasia or the retropharyngeal course of the internal carotid artery. We describe the unique case of a 72-year-old woman with bilateral complete retroesophageal common carotid arteries and concomitant hypoplasia of the right carotid system. Anatomical detection of such a variation is critical because the misidentification of a retroesophageal carotid artery carries the risk of potential injury during orotracheal intubation and oropharyngeal procedures. PMID:23601592
Virvilis, Dimitrios; Koullias, George; Labropoulos, Nicos
Bilateral ossiculoplasty in 1 case of achondroplasia.
Achondroplasia is the most common skeletal dysplasia and it combines various complications with normal longevity. Hearing disturbance due to otitis media or an ossicular anomaly is one of the most common complications. Conductive hearing loss is suggested as the most common form of hearing loss. Temporal bone and middle ear structures are distorted in achondroplasia because of rotational change of the skull base. Authors experienced a case of an achondroplastic patient with bilateral hearing disturbance. We faced making a potential mistake during the previous operation but a favorable postoperative result occurred. Our experience could be helpful to other clinicians who face achondroplastic patients. PMID:24653923
Jung, Jongyoon; Yang, Chulwon; Lee, Sunkyu; Choi, June
Bilateral Hydronephrosis and Cystitis Resulting from
Ketamine associated urinary dysfunction has become increasingly more common worldwide. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an established modality for diagnosing hydronephrosis in the emergency department. We describe a case of a young male ketamine abuser with severe urinary urgency and frequency in which POCUS performed by the emergency physician demonstrated bilateral hydronephrosis and a focally thickened irregular shaped bladder. Emergency physicians should consider using POCUS evaluate for hydronephrosis and bladder changes in ketamine abusers with lower urinary tract symptoms. The mainstay of treatment is discontinuing ketamine abuse.
Abuse, Chronic Ketamine; Tran, Vu Huy; Nelson, Mathew; Nogar, Joshua; Bramante, Robert M.
Bilateral recurrent self-induced keratoconus.
The observational case describes bilateral recurrent keratoconus in corneal transplants performed in a patient with self-induced keratoconus secondary to compulsive eye rubbing. Slitlamp findings demonstrated corneal stromal thinning and scarring in the patient's right eye and temporal corneal hydrops in his left eye. Videokeratography of the right eye confirmed the presence of corneal steepening and irregular astigmatism, consistent with the diagnosis of keratoconus involving each transplant. Together with the history of ongoing compulsive eye rubbing, these findings support the concept that chronic mechanical trauma to the cornea may contribute to the development of keratoconus. PMID:18997547
Koenig, Steven B
Progressive bilateral thinning of the parietal bones
Observation of a case of progressive bilateral parietal thinning within a period of 14 years induced us to study skull films of 3 636 consecutive patients. Parietal thinning was found in 86 patients (2.37%). It was more common in women, with a sex ratio of 1:1.9. The mean age of the females was 72 years, and that of the males 63 years. Previous skull films of 25 of these patients were available and showed progression in 10. It is concluded that parietal thinning is a slowly progressive disease of middle-aged and old patients and is not an anatomical variant or congenital dysplasia of the dipole.
Cederlund, C.G.; Andren, L.; Olivecrona, H.
Reduced presynaptic dopamine activity in adolescent dorsal striatum.
Adolescence coincides with symptomatic onset of several psychiatric illnesses including schizophrenia and addiction. Excess limbic dopamine activity has been implicated in these vulnerabilities. We combined molecular and dynamic indices of dopamine neurotransmission to assess dopamine function in adolescent rats in two functionally distinct striatal subregions: nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal striatum (DS). In adolescents, we find an overall reduction in dopamine availability selective to the DS. Dopamine release in the DS, but not in the NAc, was less responsive to amphetamine in adolescents compared to adults. The dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor, nomifensine, similarly inhibited basal and amphetamine-induced dopamine release in either regions of both the age groups, suggesting that the reduced effectiveness of amphetamine is not due to differences in DAT function. Furthermore, DAT and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 expressions were similar in the DS and NAc of adolescent rats. In contrast, expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was reduced in the DS, but not in the NAc, of adolescents compared to adults. Behaviorally, adolescents were less sensitive to amphetamine but more sensitive to a TH inhibitor. These data indicate that, in contrast to the general notion that dopamine is hyperactive in adolescents, there is diminished presynaptic dopamine activity in adolescents that is selective to the DS and may result from attenuated TH activity. Given recent reports of altered dopamine activity in associative/dorsal striatum of individuals at a clinically high risk of psychosis, our data further support the idea that dorsal, as opposed to ventral, regions of the striatum are a locus of vulnerability for psychosis. PMID:23358239
Matthews, Marguerite; Bondi, Corina; Torres, Gonzalo; Moghaddam, Bita
Dorsal metacarpal cortex ultrasound speed and bone size and shape.
In Thoroughbred racehorses, the dorsal cortex (DC) of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) enlarges when horses are first exposed to fast exercise speeds. It is now possible to measure ultrasound speed through 3 to 5 mm depths of bone around the bone shaft using Sunlight Medical's 'Omnisense' machine. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether the ultrasound speed measured in the surface 3-5 mm of the midshaft dorsal cortex of MC3 could be related directly to the midshaft shape and size of the MC3s of young Thoroughbred racehorses at the same stage of training. Sixteen 2-year-old and sixteen 3 to 6-year-old racehorses, exercising at racing speed at the same training stable, had their ultrasound speed measured and were radiographed to measure their MC3 midshaft size (width of DC) and shape ([DC/palmar cortex] x [[DC+palmar cortex]/medulla widths]). There were significant linear relationships between ultrasound speed and radiographic bone size and shape measurements. The faster ultrasound speeds were associated with bones that were both absolutely and proportionately thinner in the dorsal cortex in both groups of racehorses. The measurement of ultrasound speed with the Sunlight Omnisense machine should allow more detailed and accurate predictions to be made for responses of the bone to exercise in the midshaft of MC3 than is possible using radiographic size and shape measurements alone. This should make it possible to predict, for example, how soon after a change in bone shape a specific horse can race with minimal risk of damage to the newly-forming bone surface. PMID:12405711
Davies, H M S
A congenital mucocele of the anterior dorsal tongue.
We report on a new-born with a congenital mucocele on the anterior dorsal side of the tongue. The presentation as well as the differential diagnosis of congenital oral swellings is discussed. Because of breastfeeding problems the mucinous swelling was incised and drained two days after birth. Immediately after drainage the swelling disappeared. Congenital oral swellings are rare. Most of them are mucoceles. Post-partum treatment is surgically, but spontaneous remission has been described. High incidence of recurrence should be taken into account when (micro-)marsupialization or incision as sole treatment is performed. PMID:24814234
Wong Chung, J E R E; Ensink, R J H; Thijs, H F H; van den Hoogen, F J A
Is deep dorsal vein arterialization effective in elderly patients?
Objective Arterialization operations of the penis are recommended for young patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). In this study,\\u000a we investigated the efficiency of deep dorsal vein arterialization (DDVA) in carefully selected healthy elderly patients\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Patients and methods An initial extensive evaluation with corpus cavernosum electromyography, cavernosometry, and penile doppler ultrasonography\\u000a was performed for 43 elderly patients with ED for whom the presence
Onder Kayigil; Koray Agras; Emrah Okulu
Dorsal Slit-Sleeve Technique for Male Circumcision
Male circumcision is a commonly performed surgical procedure. There are several techniques of circumcision. The device methods are thought to have lower complication rates when compared to the open methods. The devices for circumcision may not be readily available or may be expensive. The open methods are therefore still commonly used in this setting. The dorsal slit-sleeve technique combines strategies from two open methods. The technique is described, together with its merit and demerits. This technique is feasible, safe, and the general outcome is good.
Lukong, Christopher Suiye
Somatosensory mechanisms in zebrafish lacking dorsal root ganglia
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons transmit all somatosensory information from the trunk region of the body. erbb3 mutant zebrafish do not form DRG neurons because the neural crest cells that generate them migrate aberrantly. Here we report that homozygous erbb3 mutants appear to swim and feed normally, and that they survive through adulthood, despite never forming DRG neurons. The source of sensory compensation in adult erbb3 mutants remains unknown, although it may be from lateral line ganglion neuromasts which are reduced, but present, in erbb3 mutants. We also provide new information about the development of DRG neurons in wild-type juvenile zebrafish.
Honjo, Yasuko; Payne, Laurel; Eisen, Judith S
Bilateral receptive fields and callosal connectivity of the body midline representation in the first somatosensory area of primates.
Experiments were performed in order to study the receptive field (RF) organization and the callosal connectivity of the trunk representation zone in areas 3b and 1 of the postcentral cortex of macaque monkeys. Multiunit microelectrode recordings showed that neurons responding to tactile stimulation of bilateral RFs across the midline of the body were contained in three topographically distinct zones of the trunk map. In one zone, at the junction between cytoarchitectonic areas 3b and 1, RFs straddled the dorsal midline of the trunk. In the other two zones, one located caudally in area 1 in front of the postcentral dimple, and the other rostrally in area 3b in the depth of the posterior bank of the central sulcus, RFs straddled the ventral midline of the trunk. The first one and the other two zones are referred to here as the dorsal and the ventral midline representation zones, respectively. Elsewhere in the trunk map, neurons responded only to stimulation of contralateral RFs. The callosal connectivity of the trunk map was studied by means of the transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Multiple injections of HRP in electrophysiologically identified sites of the trunk representation in one hemisphere labeled both callosal fiber terminals and callosally projecting neurons in the contralateral homotopic cortex. Dense patches of callosal neurons intensely labeled with HRP were present in the cortical regions representing the body midlines and were distributed for the most part in layer III. Some neurons lightly labeled with HRP were scattered in other zones of the trunk map. Callosal terminations were densest within the midline zones and very sparse or absent in the lateral trunk zones. Correlation of physiological and anatomical data obtained either separately or from the same animal demonstrated that cortical regions containing bilateral-field neurons also contained the highest density of labeled callosal terminations and neurons. This correlation suggests a role for the corpus callosum in the perception of the body midline, either by generating the bilateral RFs of these neurons or by coordinating the activity of the regions containing neurons with thalamically generated bilateral RFs. PMID:3775151
Conti, F; Fabri, M; Manzoni, T
Intracellular mechanisms of cocaine-memory reconsolidation in the basolateral amygdala and dorsal hippocampus
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The ability of cocaine-associated environmental contexts to promote relapse in abstinent humans and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in laboratory animals depends on the formation and maintenance of maladaptive context-response-cocaine associative memories, the latter of which can be disrupted by manipulations that interfere with memory reconsolidation. Memory reconsolidation refers to a protein synthesis-dependent phenomenon whereby memory traces are reincorporated back into long-term memory storage following their retrieval and subsequent destabilization. To elucidate the distinctive roles of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) in the reconsolidation of context-response-cocaine memories, Experiments 1-3 evaluated novel molecular mechanisms within each structure that control this phenomenon. Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the BLA and nucleus accumbens core (NACc - a substrate for Pavlovian cocaine-memory reconsolidation) would critically control instrumental cocaine-memory reconsolidation. To determine this, rats were re-exposed to a context that had previously been used for cocaine self-administration (i.e., cocaine memory-reactivation) and immediately thereafter received bilateral intra-BLA or intra-NACc microinfusions of the ERK inhibitor U0126 or vehicle (VEH) and were subsequently tested for drug context-induced cocaine-seeking behavior (non-reinforced lever responding) ~72 h later. Re-exposure to the cocaine-paired context at test fully reinstated cocaine-seeking behavior, relative to responding in an alternate, extinction context, and post-reactivation U0126 treatment in the BLA, but not the NACc, impaired cocaine-seeking behavior, relative to VEH. This effect was associated with a temporary increase in ERK2, but not ERK1, phosphorylation in the BLA and required explicit reactivation of the target memory trace (i.e., did not similarly manifest when U0126 was administered after exposure to an unpaired context), suggesting that ERK in the BLA plays a critical role in restabilizing contextual cocaine-related memories. Next, Experiment 2 evaluated the hypothesis that the transcription factor (TF) nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) would also critically mediate instrumental cocaine-memory reconsolidation in the BLA. Remarkably, the NF-kappaB inhibitor, sulfasalazine (SSZ), administered bilaterally into the BLA following cocaine-memory reactivation, did not significantly alter subsequent cocaine-seeking behavior, relative to VEH, despite producing an observable trend for an enhancement in this behavior. Future studies will be needed to further examine this relationship, but the present findings may suggest that NF-kappaB TFs acts as negative regulators of cocaine-memory reconsolidation. Finally, Experiment 3 tested the hypothesis that members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFKs) are obligatory for instrumental cocaine-memory reconsolidation. Consistent with our hypothesis, PP2, a nonspecific inhibitor of SFKs, administered bilaterally into the DH after cocaine-memory reactivation, attenuated subsequent drug-context induced motivation for cocaine, relative to VEH, in a memory reactivation-dependent manner. This effect was associated with a preferential disruption of SFK-mediated phosphorylation of the NR2a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit. Together, these findings begin to illuminate how the BLA and DH may subserve the long-term stability of maladaptive cocaine-related memories that underlie contextual stimulus control over cocaine-seeking behavior.
Wells, Audrey Marie
Urgent Bilateral Endoscopic Marsupialization for Respiratory Distress due to Bilateral Dacryocystitis in a Newborn
Abstract We describe an infant with respiratory distress due to bilateral dacryocystoceles and dacryocystitis who was successfully treated with urgent bilateral endoscopic marsupialization. A male infant was brought to our outpatient department 7 days after birth, with red, acutely inflamed swellings near the medial canthal area of both eyes. From birth, there had been bluish swelling near the medial canthal area, and redness and swellings developed within 3 days. On physical examination, the child was afebrile but showed respiratory distress with coarse breathing sound. That day, the infant was admitted and treated with intravenous cefotaxime 150 mg. After withholding oral intake for appropriate preoperative fasting, urgent bilateral probing with endoscopy was done. On endoscopy, huge bilateral congenital dacryocystoceles were found. Because of its huge size, the inferior surface of the cyst was touching the nasal floor, which made probe unable to perforate the wall of dacryocystocele. Therefore, an endoscopy-assisted marsupialization of dacryocystoceles and bicanalicular silicone intubation were performed. Both swellings and erythema subsided within 48 hours postoperatively, and the patient was discharged after 72 hours from treatment.
Kim, Hochang; Park, Jongyeop; Jang, Jaeho; Chun, Junwoo
Involvement of dorsal hippocampus glutamatergic and nitrergic neurotransmission in autonomic responses evoked by acute restraint stress in rats.
The dorsal hippocampus (DH) is a structure of the limbic system that is involved in emotional, learning and memory processes. There is evidence indicating that the DH modulates cardiovascular correlates of behavioral responses to stressful stimuli. Acute restraint stress (RS) is an unavoidable stress situation that evokes marked and sustained autonomic changes, which are characterized by elevated blood pressure (BP), intense heart rate (HR) increase and a decrease in cutaneous temperature. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor/nitric oxide (NO) pathway of the DH in the modulation of autonomic (arterial BP, HR and tail skin temperature) responses evoked by RS in rats. Bilateral microinjection of the NMDA receptor antagonist AP-7 (10 nmol/500 nL) into the DH attenuated RS-evoked autonomic responses. Moreover, RS evoked an increase in the content of NO?/NO? in the DH, which are products of the spontaneous oxidation of NO under physiological conditions that can provide an indirect measurement of NO production. Bilateral microinjection of N-propyl-L-arginine (0.1 nmol/500 nL; N-propyl, a neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) inhibitor) or carboxy-PTIO (2 nmol/500 nL; c-PTIO, an NO scavenger) into the DH also attenuated autonomic responses evoked by RS. Therefore, our findings suggest that a glutamatergic system present in the DH is involved in the autonomic modulation during RS, acting via NMDA receptors and nNOS activation. Furthermore, the present results suggest that NMDA receptor/nNO activation has a facilitatory influence on RS-evoked autonomic responses. PMID:24269610
Moraes-Neto, T B; Scopinho, A A; Biojone, C; Corręa, F M A; Resstel, L B M
Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle: a case report.
Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle is a rarely seen malformation. The aetiology of bifid condyle is not completely understood, although developmental anomaly, traumas, condylar fracture, teratogenic embryopathy and surgical condylectomy may all be causative factors. Although a few studies on human dried skulls tried to shed light on this entity it remains obscure. As most bifid condyle subjects have no complaint related to temporamandibular joint(TMJ), the cases are generally diagnosed through incidental radiographic findings. The case of a 54-year-old female is presented. In a panoramic radiograph obtained after a clinical examination, bilateral bifid mandibular condyle was observed. The open-closed lateral radiograph of the TMJ (obtained using the TMJ-specific program of the panoramic device) demonstrated duplication of the right and left condyles. In order to better evaluate the TMJ morphology and to eliminate pathologies such as fractures that might be missed with conventional radiographs, a computed tomography scan was also obtained. The joint head orientation was observed in the mediolateral direction. The case is discussed in the context of the relevant literature. Until large population-based studies are undertaken and further experimental studies are performed, bifid condyle will remain an incidental finding of anatomic variation rather than a clinically informative observation. PMID:16938108
Açikgöz, A
Renal tubular defects in recurring bilateral nephrolithiasis.
A metabolic study was performed in 28 patients with bilateral recurrent calcium-containing renal staghorn calculi and chronic pyelonephritis ("obstructive nephropathy"). Fourteen had normal GFR and 14 mild renal insufficiency. Ten normal subjects were used as controls. Under basal conditions, polyuria and negative sodium balance were commonly observed in patients with obstructive nephropathy and normal renal function. After an acute acid load (NH4Cl) an acidifying defect, i.e. high values for urine pH and reduced excretion of titratable acid and ammonium, was observed in 64% of patients with normal GFR and in 71.4% of those with renal insufficiency. During intravenous infusion with neutral sodium phosphate, the urine pH changed little but the rate of excretion of titratable acid increased in direct proportion to that of urinary phosphate in both groups of patients. These results, associated with the finding of normal blood pH in almost all patients, lead to the conclusion that an incomplete Type 1 or "distal" renal tubular acidosis is a frequent complication of obstructive nephropathy secondary to bilateral nephrolithiasis. The anatomical abnormalities of renal tubules and collecting ducts and the superimposed interstitial nephritis might be the pathogenetic factors responsible for the acidifying defect and for the impairment in sodium and water conservation. PMID:954242
D'Angelo, A; Pagano, F; Ossi, E; Lupo, A; Valvo, E; Messa, P; Tessitore, N; Maschio, G
Bilateral tension pneumothorax following equipment improvisation.
This case report describes an unexpected event that took place as a result of using improvised equipment. The patient, a 16-year-old female undergoing complex oral surgery, suffered bilateral pneumothorax following the improper use of an airway support device. During the immediate postoperative period with the patient still intubated, oxygen tubing was attached to a right angle elbow connector with the port closed and 10 L/minute oxygen flow was administered to the patient in a manner that did not allow the patient to exhale. Within seconds, pneumothorax was apparent as the patient's vital signs deteriorated, visible swelling was noted in the shoulders and neck, and there was an absence of breath sounds on auscultation. This case study has application beyond the immediate discussion of bilateral pneumothorax, serving as a caution about the unintended consequences of equipment improvisation. In addition to highlighting the hazards of providing patient care with a non-standard device, this study also provides a powerful example of the human factors that can contribute to medical errors in the healthcare setting. PMID:24654348
Zambricki, Christine; Schmidt, Carol; Vos, Karen
Noninvasive testing of asymptomatic bilateral hilar adenopathy.
The diagnostic strategy for asymptomatic patients with persistent bilateral bilar adenopathy often involves invasive procedures. The authors used Bayesian analysis to: 1) estimate the relative prevalences of diseases causing bilateral bilar adenopathy; 2) assess changes in the prevalence of disease by race, the presence of other clinical symptoms, and geography; and 3) determine the value of relevant noninvasive tests, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) assay, gallium scan, and purified protein derivative (PPD), in order to assess when a strategy of watchful waiting is appropriate. The analysis indicated that the ACE assay, particularly when paired with the PPD, can identify many patients who might safely be managed without immediate invasive biopsy. Patients who are ACE+ and PPD- have an estimated probability of sarcoidosis of 0.95 or greater; patients who are ACE- and PPD+ have a probability of tuberculosis of 0.86 if black, 0.79 if white. In contrast, gallium scanning has no diagnostic role in this clinical situation. Bronchoscopic or mediastinoscopic biopsy has a limited role for patients who are ACE+ PPD- or ACE- PPD+ because of limited sensitivity. Patients who are both ACE- and PPD-, particularly if white, may have a high enough risk of lymphoma to consider invasive biopsy. PMID:2156032
Carr, P L; Singer, D E; Goldenheim, P; Bernardo, J; Mulley, A G
Anaesthetic consideration during laparoscopic bilateral simultaneous nephrectomy
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess outcome from anaesthesia during laparoscopic bilateral simultaneous nephrectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. MEASUREMENTS: Preoperative Hb%, serum potassium, coagulation profile electrocardiography (ECG) changes, 2D Echography, x-ray chest, haemodynamic changes, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), fluid management and postoperative analgesia. RESULTS: The mean age was 24.75 ± 14.35 years. The mean duration of surgery was 120 ± 80 minutes. The Hb%, serum creatinine and serum potassium were 9.4 ± 1.04%, 6.79 ± 4.91 meq/L and 3.61 ± 0.51 meq/L, respectively. Pulse rate mean blood pressure and EtCO2 were recorded after creation of pneumoperitoneum and at 15, 30, 45 and after exsufflation of pneumoperitoneum. After pneumoperitoneum, there was increase in pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and EtCO2. After 30 minutes and throughout the surgery, these variables remained stable. Four patients required nitroglycerine infusion for intraoperative hypertention. Only one patient required packed cell volume (PCV) transfusion and total intravenous fluid was 1 ± 0.5 L. At the time of exsufflation, there was decrease in pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and EtCO2. CONCLUSION: Because of advancement in anaesthetic agents and muscle relaxant, there is safe outcome from anaesthesia during laparoscopic bilateral simultaneous nephrectomy.
Modi, Manisha P; Vora, Kalpana S; Parikh, Geeta P; Modi, Pranjal R; Shah, Veena R
?-catenin translocation into nuclei demarcates the dorsalizing centers in frog and fish embryos
The question of how dorsal-ventral polarity is established in vertebrates is central to our understanding of their early development. Several lines of evidence suggest that wnt-signaling is involved in the induction of dorsal-specific gene expression in the Spemann Organizer of amphibians. Here, we show that ?-catenin, acting as a component of the wnt-pathway, transiently accumulates in nuclei on the dorsal
Stephan Schneider; Herbert Steinbeisser; Rachel M. Warga; Peter Hausen
Pediatric bilateral large concurrent thalamic glioblastoma: An unusual case report
Bilateral thalamic tumors are rare. Pediatric bilateral thalamic glioblastomas are even rarer, only five cases reported in the English literature till date. The clinical presentation, natural history, and prognosis of pediatric thalamic tumors are still relatively obscure. In this article, we report an 8-year-old patient with large bilateral thalamic glioblastomas and briefly discuss its clinical presentation, possible modalities of management, and prognosis, in the light of available literature.
Pandey, Nityanand; Singh, Pankaj Kumar; Mahapatra, Ashok K.; Kakkar, Aanchal; Sharma, Bhawani Shankar
Bilateral synchronous squamous cell tonsil carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy.
The incidence of numerous head and neck tumours is a known issue though bilateral synchronous tonsillar carcinoma reports are so uncommon that only 20 cases were found in a literature review. Most of these patients were treated with bilateral tonsillectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. We report, to our knowledge, the first case of bilateral synchronous tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma treated only with chemoradiotherapy without tonsillectomy. PMID:24864648
Bakkal, Bekir Hakan; Ugur, Mehmet Birol; Bahadir, Burak
Pediatric bilateral large concurrent thalamic glioblastoma: An unusual case report.
Bilateral thalamic tumors are rare. Pediatric bilateral thalamic glioblastomas are even rarer, only five cases reported in the English literature till date. The clinical presentation, natural history, and prognosis of pediatric thalamic tumors are still relatively obscure. In this article, we report an 8-year-old patient with large bilateral thalamic glioblastomas and briefly discuss its clinical presentation, possible modalities of management, and prognosis, in the light of available literature. PMID:24891914
Pandey, Nityanand; Singh, Pankaj Kumar; Mahapatra, Ashok K; Kakkar, Aanchal; Sharma, Bhawani Shankar
Bilateral thalamic infarctions due to occlusion of artery of Percheron.
The artery of Percheron is an uncommon anatomic variant in which a solitary trunk originates from either posterior cerebral artery and provides arterial supply to bilateral paramedian thalami and the rostral midbrain (Fig. 1). Recognition of this anatomical variant is essential in establishing the stroke mechanism in bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts. We describe the clinical presentation and neuroimaging characteristics in a patient with bilateral thalamic infarctions due to occlusion of the artery of Percheron. PMID:20417939
Teoh, Hock Luen; Ahmad, Aftab; Yeo, Leonard L L; Hsu, Eugene; Chan, Bernard P L; Sharma, Vijay K
Study comparing the applicability of dorsal lumbotomy in older children
Objective: Dismembered pyeloplasty through dorsal lumbotomy to correct ureteropelvic junction obstruction is mainly successfully performed in children under 5 years old for technical reasons. We compared children who underwent dorsal lumbotomy by age group (<5 vs. ?5 years old) to determine if the surgical success and long-term results were comparable. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 134 children undergoing a pyeloplasty. Group 1 consisted of children <5 years old (n = 90) and Group 2 consisted of children ?5 years old. Patients' characteristics, as well as hospital stay, narcotic use, radiologic follow-up and success rate, were compared. Success was defined by absence of symptoms and ?50% reduction in renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter and/or scintigraphic normalization of the drainage T1/2 when obtained. Univariate analysis was performed to compare the groups. Results: Mean age (years) and weight (kg) at surgery for Groups 1 and 2 were 1/8 kg and 11/35 kg, respectively. Mean operative time was 98 minutes versus 120 minutes, respectively; mean hospital stay was 2.5 days for both groups and analgesia requirement was 50% higher in Group 2. A Pippi-Salle stent was used in 90% (n = 120) of cases. Mean follow-up was 26 months and the success rate was 89% and 90% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed comparable success rates. We can infer that, as a technique, dismembered pyeloplasty is effective and safe in the younger and older children.
Cloutier, Jonathan; Haidar, Nadim; Rompre-Deschenes, Marie-Pier; Grimard, Maryse; Bolduc, Stephane
High plasticity in epithelial morphogenesis during insect dorsal closure
Summary Insect embryos complete the outer form of the body via dorsal closure (DC) of the epidermal flanks, replacing the transient extraembryonic (EE) tissue. Cell shape changes and morphogenetic behavior are well characterized for DC in Drosophila, but these data represent a single species with a secondarily reduced EE component (the amnioserosa) that is not representative across the insects. Here, we examine DC in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, providing the first detailed, functional analysis of DC in an insect with complete EE tissues (distinct amnion and serosa). Surprisingly, we find that differences between Drosophila and Tribolium DC are not restricted to the EE tissue, but also encompass the dorsal epidermis, which differs in cellular architecture and method of final closure (zippering). We then experimentally manipulated EE tissue complement via RNAi for Tc-zen1, allowing us to eliminate the serosa and still examine viable DC in a system with a single EE tissue (the amnion). We find that the EE domain is particularly plastic in morphogenetic behavior and tissue structure. In contrast, embryonic features and overall kinetics are robust to Tc-zen1RNAi manipulation in Tribolium and conserved with a more distantly related insect, but remain substantially different from Drosophila. Although correct DC is essential, plasticity and regulative, compensatory capacity have permitted DC to evolve within the insects. Thus, DC does not represent a strong developmental constraint on the nature of EE development, a property that may have contributed to the reduction of the EE component in the fly lineage.
Panfilio, Kristen A.; Oberhofer, Georg; Roth, Siegfried
Diameter, pressure and compliance relationships in dorsal hand veins.
The diameter-pressure characteristics of dorsal hand veins previously have not been characterized. In this study, the effects of distending pressure with and without infused norepinephrine on diameter and compliance were observed. The elevation needed for venous collapse was measured, and the effects of baseline constriction on venous reactivity were assessed. In seven supine subjects, a brachial cuff on an elevated arm was used to generate distending pressures while a linear variable displacement transformer (LVDT) measured changes in venous diameter. Arctangent functions of distending pressure were fitted to the normalized diameter, then compliance functions were calculated. In supine subjects, 5-15 cm of elevation emptied dorsal hand veins. Norepinephrine decreased the venous diameter at any distending pressure by increasing the P50 without significantly changing the midpoint slope. Compliance was a nearly single-valued function of the normalized diameter with a maximum value at about 60% distention. Reactivity depends on distending pressure and baseline P50. Percentage constriction is a function of initial and final P50 and of distending pressure. PMID:11530971
Shykoff, B E; Hawari, F I; Izzo, J L
Wing design and morphology of the harbor porpoise dorsal fin.
The correlation between skin structure and hydrodynamic design of the dorsal fin of the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) was examined. For the study of fin morphology and geometry, a scheme of sampling representing a two-parameter mesh on the fin surface was used. At each data point the thickness of the epidermis, papillary and subpapillary layers of the dermis, the ligamentous layer of the fin, as well as the angle formed by the direction of dermal ridges and the fin root chord were measured. On the basis of fin cross-sections the three-dimensional surface models of the fin in a 1 : 1 scale were created with a CAD program. The shape of the model was evaluated by the wing and hydrofoil parameters (angle of leading edge sweep, leading edge radius, maximum thickness of the fin cross-section, and position of maximum thickness from the leading edge). Hydrodynamic performance of the fin cross-sections was studied with a CFD program. Regional variability of the parameters of morphology was compared with spanwise variability of the parameters of cross-sectional geometry. It was found that skin structure parameters correlate with the hydrodynamically relevant parameters of the fin and fin cross-sections. Regularities of skin structure of the harbor porpoise dorsal fin are considered indirect evidence of the adaptation of porpoise skin to the fin flow. PMID:14584030
Pavlov, Vadim V
Bilateral pneumothoraces complicating reduction mammoplasty: a case report
Background Bilateral pneumothoraces after cosmetic breast surgery are rare and sporadically reported in the literature. Case presentation A 65-year-old female patient developed bilateral pneumothoraces after bilateral breast reduction surgery. Emergent chest tube thoracostomy was performed on both sides. The chest drains were removed on the fourth day (left side) and sixth day (right side), and the patient was discharged after 7 days of hospitalization without any further complications. Conclusion To our knowledge, the English-language literature contains no other reports of bilateral pneumothoraces after reduction mammoplasty.
Exceptional bilateral adrenalectomy after secondaries from colorectal cancer.
We report a very uncommon case of bilateral adrenal metastasis treated at our institution. The patient was 65 years old, with a history of low anterior resection for colorectal cancer in 2001. One year later, he was diagnosed with bilateral adrenal metastasis, based on the results of abdominal computed tomography-scan. A bilateral adrenalectomy extended to distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy was performed. Postoperative course was uneventful. He is alive and free of disease 12 months after adrenalectomy. We conclude adrenal metastasis from colorectal cancer should be managed surgically, even if they are bilateral. PMID:15011840
Moreno-Elola, A; Moreno-Gonzalez, E; Alonso-Casado, O; Meneu-Diaz, J C; García-García, I; Abradelo-Usera, M
"Mirror-image" bilateral giants: intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms.
Summary: The literature on the incidence of "mirror image" bilateral giant intracavernous aneurysms, their symptoms and their association with other entities is reviewed, with a brief comment on their evolution and treatment. A case of "mirror image" bilateral giant intracavernous aneurysms in a 76-year-old man who presented a sudden diplopia with pupillary sparing is reported. A CT scan showed parasellar images and dolichomega circle of Willis arteries that enhanced with endovenous contrast. MRI and angiography disclose bilateral aneurysms in detail, associated with an anomalous origin of the left common carotid artery and bilateral renal artery stenosis. PMID:20569579
Díaz, M B; Mercado, F C; Lemme Plaghos, L A
"Mirror-Image" Bilateral Giants: Intracavernous Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Summary The literature on the incidence of "mirror image" bilateral giant intracavernous aneurysms, their symptoms and their association with other entities is reviewed, with a brief comment on their evolution and treatment. A case of "mirror image" bilateral giant intracavernous aneurysms in a 76-year-old man who presented a sudden diplopia with pupillary sparing is reported. A CT scan showed parasellar images and dolichomega circle of Willis arteries that enhanced with endovenous contrast. MRI and angiography disclose bilateral aneurysms in detail, associated with an anomalous origin of the left common carotid artery and bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Diaz, M.B.; Mercado, F.C.; Lemme Plaghos, L.A.
Dorsal, a Drosophila Rel-like protein, is phosphorylated upon activation of the transmembrane protein Toll.
The nuclear import of dorsal, a Drosophila Rel homolog, is directed by a spatially restricted extracellular ligand in blastoderm embryos. We have demonstrated both that dorsal is an embryonic phosphoprotein and that its phosphorylation state is regulated by an intracellular signaling pathway initiated by the transmembrane receptor Toll. Immunoblot analysis of cytoplasm from precisely staged embryos revealed that the phosphorylation state of dorsal is altered during the time period that Toll is activated. Moreover, mutations that constitutively activate Toll stimulated dorsal phosphorylation, while mutations that block Toll activation reduced the level of dorsal phosphorylation. We further demonstrated that signal-dependent dorsal phosphorylation is modulated by three intracellular proteins, pelle, tube, and cactus. Using double-mutant embryos, we then explored the nature of the kinase activity responsible for dorsal phosphorylation. We found that free dorsal is a substrate for a signal-independent kinase activity. In addition, our results imply that dorsal is a substrate for a Toll-dependent kinase. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that phosphorylation of Rel-related proteins may be required for the proper nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of these proteins. Images
Gillespie, S K; Wasserman, S A
A dissociation between propriospinal facilitation and inhibition after bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation.
Propriospinal premotoneurons (PN) are essential for accurate control of the upper limb. They receive bilateral input from premotor (PM) and primary motor (M1) cortices. In humans, excitability of PNs can be estimated from motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) by pairing a descending volley using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to summate with an ascending volley from peripheral nerve stimulation at the C3-C4 level of the spinal cord. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alters excitability of cortical and subcortical areas. A recent study demonstrated that cathodal tDCS can suppress facilitatory (FAC) and inhibitory (INH) components of PN excitability, presumably via effects on corticoreticulospinal neurons (Bradnam LV, Stinear CM, Lewis GN, Byblow WD. J Neurophysiol 103: 2382-2389, 2010). The present study investigated the effects of bilateral tDCS with healthy subjects. The cathode was placed over left dorsal PM or M1 and the anode over right M1 in separate sessions (PM-M1, M1-M1, or Sham). TMS of right M1 elicited MEPs in left biceps brachii across a range of TMS intensities chosen to examine PN-mediated FAC and INH. Conditioning was applied using median nerve stimulation with an interstimulus interval that coincided with TMS and peripheral volleys summating at the C3-C4 level. All participants showed FAC at TMS intensities near active motor threshold and INH at slightly higher intensities. After tDCS, FAC was reduced for M1-M1 compared with Sham but not after PM-M1 stimulation. Contrary to an earlier study with cathodal tDCS, INH was unchanged across all sessions. The difference between these and earlier findings may relate to dual- vs. single-hemisphere M1 stimulation. M1-M1 tDCS may be a useful adjuvant to techniques that aim to reduce upper limb impairment after stroke. PMID:24623508
McCambridge, Alana B; Stinear, James W; Byblow, Winston D
Interocular symmetry analysis of bilateral eyes.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interocular symmetry of several biometric parameters between both eyes. The symmetry between the right and left eye of 397 subjects in 14 biometric parameters, spherical equivalent of refractive error (SE), Jackson crossed cylinder power of refractive error astigmatism with axes at 90° and 180° (RJ0) and at 45° and 135° (RJ45), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), average corneal curvature (CC), Jackson crossed cylinder power of corneal astigmatism (CJ0 and CJ45), corneal asphericity coefficient (Q), intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD), was assessed by comparative data analysis. Aside from RJ0 (p?=?0.00), RJ45 (p?=?0.02) and Q (p?=?0.00), the overall interocular differences of other biometric parameters between fellow eyes were not significant (p?>?0.05). The interocular correlation and Bland-Altman plots showed a good agreement between fellow eyes in 14 biometric parameters. Correlations between interocular differences in SE and that in RJ0 (p?=?0.03), CC (p?=?0.00), AL (p?=?0.00) and VCD (p?=?0.00) were statistically significant. There were similar strong linear relationships between refractive error astigmatism vectors and corneal astigmatism vectors in bilateral eyes. There were negative correlations of RJ45 and CJ45 between bilateral eyes. A potentially clinically important interocular symmetry in SE, BCVA, CC, CJ0, CJ45, IOP, CCT, AL, ACD, LT and VCD is found in this research, while the differences of RJ0, RJ45 and Q between left and right eyes seem a bit large. The negative interocular relationships of RJ45 and CJ45 demonstrate moderate mirror symmetry exists among fellow eyes. High interocular symmetry in bilateral eyes may be helpful in intraocular lens power calculation, intraocular pressure evaluation, post-operative visual acuity and refraction prediction at the time the fellow eye is undergoing refractive surgery. PMID:24734876
Li, Yi; Bao, Fang Jun
Bilateral peroneal nerve palsy after simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Report of a case with rheumatoid arthritis.
In this study, we report on a 46-year-old female patient with bilateral severe gonarthrosis due to rheumatoid arthritis. Simultaneous bilateral cemented total knee arthroplasty was performed. Bilateral common peroneal nerve palsy was observed on the second postoperative day. The electromyographic diagnosis was "bilateral axonotmesis". Complete clinical and electromyographic motor recoveries were seen on both sides within 6 months postoperatively. The sensorial deficit was still present on one side at 2 years postoperatively. Preoperative severe flexion contracture and epidural anesthesia were assumed as the risk factors for the development of the nerve palsy in this patient. PMID:11522079
Omeroglu, H; Ozçelik, A; Turgut, A
Cellular profile of the dorsal raphe lateral wing sub-region: Relationship to the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus.
As one of the main serotonergic (5HT) projections to the forebrain, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has been implicated in disorders of anxiety and depression. Although the nucleus contains the densest population of 5HT neurons in the brain, at least 50% of cells within this structure are non-serotonergic, including a large population of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) containing neurons. The DRN has a unique topographical efferent organization and can also be divided into sub-regions based on rostro-caudal and medio-lateral dimensions. NOS is co-localized with 5HT in the midline DRN but NOS-positive cells in the lateral wing (LW) of the nucleus do not express 5HT. Interestingly, the NOS LW neuronal population is immediately rostral to and in line with the cholinergic lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT). We used immunohistochemical methods to investigate the potential serotonergic regulation of NOS LW neurons and also the association of this cell grouping to the LDT. Our results indicate that >75% of NOS LW neurons express the inhibitory 5HT1A receptor and are cholinergic (>90%). The findings suggest this assembly of cells is a rostral extension of the LDT, one that it is subject to regulation by 5HT release. As such the present study suggests a link between 5HT signaling, activation of cholinergic/NOS neurons, and the stress response including the pathophysiology underlying anxiety and depression. PMID:24704911
Vasudeva, Rani K; Waterhouse, Barry D
Bilateral taurodontism in primary dentition with hypodontia.
Taurodontism is a rare dental anomaly in which there is an enlarged pulp chamber at the expense of roots with apical displacement of the pulpal floor, giving it a rectangular shape. It is caused by the failure of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath to invaginate at the proper horizontal level. Taurodontism has been reported as an intraoral feature of several syndromes like Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, Hurler syndrome, etc. Association of taurodontism with hypodontia in permanent dentition has also been reported. Taurodontism in primary dentition and its association with hypodontia is very rarely reported in the literature. The present case illustrates bilateral taurodontism of primary mandibular molars with hypodontia in maxilla. PMID:23345504
Surendar, Marappan Natarajan; Pandey, Ramesh Kumar; Khanna, Richa
A case of bilateral presumed chikungunya neuroretinitis
Chikungunya fever is a relatively rare from of vector-borne viral fever caused by chikungunya virus and spread by bites of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito. Epidemics of chikungunya fever have been reported in the past from different parts of the world. Although the virus had been passive for quite some time, recent reports of outbreaks of chikungunya fever in several parts of Southern India have confirmed the re-emergence of this virus. Symptoms of this infection include abrupt onset of fever, chills, and headache, rash, severe joint pain, conjunctival injection and photophobia. Ocular manifestations have been recently reported with this infection. We report a case of a 48-year-old female patient, who presented with defective vision two weeks after a serology proven chikungunya infection. There was bilateral neuroretinitis with peripapillary cotton wool spots. These findings should be kept in mind as an ocular manifestation of chikungunya virus infection.
G, Mahesh; Giridhar, A; Shedbele, Archis; Kumar, Ram; Saikumar, S J
Bilateral pneumothorax during subdural-peritoneal shunting.
Pneumothorax is a very rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting in children. We report a case of an iatrogenic bilateral tension pneumothorax during the placement of a subdural-peritoneal shunting. After the placement of peritoneal catheter, oxygen saturation of the patient quickly decreased, hypotension and bradycardia occurred. Intraoperative x-rays showed the pneumothorax. A thoracostomy tube was inserted and attached to an underwater seal. Vital signs improved in a short time period. The radiological improvement had been achieved in four days. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention are life-saving for this complication. To avoid this complication, the tip of the shunt tunneler should be always palpable during the placement of the peritoneal catheter, especially in children's shunt surgery. PMID:21845583
Solmaz, Ilker; Tehli, Ozkan; Kaya, Serdar; Erdogan, Ersin; Izci, Yusuf
Cerebral ischaemic stroke and bilateral pheochromocytoma
We report a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with an acute neurological deficit preceded by a 2 month history of headaches. The patient was treated for acute viral encephalitis because of the presence of inflammation. A computed tomography (CT) scan of her brain scan showed a cerebral ischaemic stroke, and paroxysmal arterial hypertension led us to suspect pheochromocytoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by elevated urinary catecholamine and by imaging (abdominal x-ray and abdominal/pelvic CT scan). Bilateral adrenal gland tumours were successfully removed. This report illustrates an uncommon presentation of pheochromocytoma in children and shows the importance of a careful investigation for pheochromocytoma as a cause of hypertension in children with cerebral ischaemic stroke.
Abourazzak, Sana; Atmani, Samir; Arqam, Larbi El; Chaouki, Sanae; Labib, Smail; Harrandou, Moustapha; Tizniti, Siham; Bouabdellah, Youssef; Bouharrou, Abdelhak; Hida, Moustapha
Gorlin syndrome and bilateral ovarian fibroma
INTRODUCTION Gorlin syndrome (GS), also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), is a rare hereditary, autosomal dominant disease that affects various systems. Its prevalence is estimated at 1/57,000 to 1/256,000 of the population. It is characterized by basal cell carcinomas, multiple odontogenic keratocysts, skeletal abnormalities and ovarian fibroma, among other disorders. PRESENTATION OF CASE To report the case of a young patient with Gorlin syndrome and bilateral ovarian fibroma. DISCUSSION A 20-year old patient with Gorlin syndrome presented with facial asymmetry, broad nasal root, dental abnormalities, micrognathism, convergent strabismus, multiple pigmented lesions on the trunk and face, pectus excavatum, kyphoscoliosis and a palpable mass in the abdomen occupying the entire pelvic region. CONCLUSION Gorlin–Goltz syndrome is a hereditary pathology that includes numerous clinical manifestations. Diagnosis is clinical and genetic confirmation is unnecessary.
Pirschner, Fernanda; Bastos, Pollyana Marcal; Contarato, George Luiz; Bimbato, Anna Carolina Bon Lima; Filho, Antonio Chambo
Central masking with bilateral cochlear implants
Across bilateral cochlear implants, contralateral threshold shift has been investigated as a function of electrode difference between the masking and probe electrodes. For contralateral electric masking, maximum threshold elevations occurred when the position of the masker and probe electrode was approximately place-matched across ears. The amount of masking diminished with increasing masker-probe electrode separation. Place-dependent masking occurred in both sequentially implanted ears, and was not affected by the masker intensity or the time delay from the masker onset. When compared to previous contralateral masking results in normal hearing, the similarities between place-dependent central masking patterns suggest comparable mechanisms of overlapping excitation in the central auditory nervous system.
Lin, Payton; Lu, Thomas; Zeng, Fan-Gang
Bilateral xanthine nephrolithiasis in a dog.
Xanthinuria is an uncommon metabolic disorder clinically manifested as urolithiasis. There are two forms of the disease, congenital and iatrogenic. The former was diagnosed in a four-year-old dachshund bitch. The patient was presented with signs of terminal chronic renal failure. Urine was bacteriologically sterile with massive amorphous crystalluria. Bilateral nephrolithiasis was diagnosed at necropsy. The kidneys were shrunken with marked atrophy of the renal cortex and medulla. Infrared spectrometry revealed that the stones comprised 100 per cent xanthine. Later, two of the patient's siblings were examined for urine xanthine content; both showed higher concentrations of xanthine than a control dog. The described case is compared with seven known published cases of congenital xanthinuria. PMID:9239633
Kucera, J; Bulková, T; Rychlá, R; Jahn, P
[Bilateral fracture of the pisiform bone].
Fracture of the pisiform bone is exceptional compared with the other carpal bones. Such lesions may be missed in the emergency room because of the complex anatomy of the carpal region. The usual circumstances leading to fracture of the pisiform bone include fall with reception on the hyperextended wrist, traffic accidents, and blunt trauma. The purpose of this work was to present a case of bilateral fracture of the pisiform bones. A 34-year-old woman presented with pain along the ulnar borders of both wrists after a fall. The mechanism of fracture was direct trauma on both hands after reception in radial inclination. The diagnosis was established late and conservative treatment was applied. After simple immobilization, the clinical and functional outcome was excellent. The anatomic position of the pisiform bone exposes it to direct trauma. Late diagnosis can favor osteoarthritic sequelae involving the pisotriquetral joint. PMID:18166960
Ozalp, T; Kurt, C; Coskunol, E; Ozdemir, O; Bégué, T
Computed tomography findings in bilateral perinephric lymphangiomatosis
Perinephric lymphangioma is rare disorder that may be confused with various forms of renal cystic diseases and urinomas. In this disorder a developmental malformation results in failure of developing lymphatic tissue to establish normal communication with the rest of lymphatic system. Once there is restricted drainage of lymphatic fluid the lymphatic channels dilate to form cystic masses that may be unilocular or multilocular and may be seen unilaterally or bilaterally .This condition presents with various signs and symptoms or can be just an incidental finding which in presence of misleading clinical history may be confused with other diseases. CT scan with delayed cuts and USG guided aspiration with biochemical analysis of fluid will help us in arriving to final diagnosis.
Hakeem, Aijaz; Gojwari, Tariq A; Reyaz, Sheikh; Rasool, Shubana; Shafi, Hakim; Mufti, Shahida
An unusual case of bilateral granulomatous mastitis.
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an uncommon benign disorder of the breast. At clinical examination, IGM is characterized by an inflammatory process of the breast, usually unilateral. Possible clinical findings are palpable mass with erythematous skin, pain, sterile abscesses, fistula and nipple retraction. Mammography and ultrasound findings are not specific for IGM. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool for the differential diagnosis; it is also necessary to delineate the exact extension of the disease and to plan the correct treatment. Final diagnosis is histological. We described an unusual case of IGM with bilateral involvement in a patient with history of pacemaker implantation and IGM typical clinical symptoms. Mammography, ultrasound, and MRI examinations were performed to identify the inflammatory disorder and to plan the correct therapy. Imaging features were correlated with final histological diagnosis of IGM. PMID:23781373
Pistolese, C A; Di Trapano, R; Girardi, V; Costanzo, E; Di Poce, I; Simonetti, G
An Unusual Case of Bilateral Granulomatous Mastitis
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an uncommon benign disorder of the breast. At clinical examination, IGM is characterized by an inflammatory process of the breast, usually unilateral. Possible clinical findings are palpable mass with erythematous skin, pain, sterile abscesses, fistula and nipple retraction. Mammography and ultrasound findings are not specific for IGM. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool for the differential diagnosis; it is also necessary to delineate the exact extension of the disease and to plan the correct treatment. Final diagnosis is histological. We described an unusual case of IGM with bilateral involvement in a patient with history of pacemaker implantation and IGM typical clinical symptoms. Mammography, ultrasound, and MRI examinations were performed to identify the inflammatory disorder and to plan the correct therapy. Imaging features were correlated with final histological diagnosis of IGM.
Pistolese, C. A.; Di Trapano, R.; Girardi, V.; Costanzo, E.; Di Poce, I.; Simonetti, G.
Spontaneous bilateral internal carotid artery dissection
Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection is not an uncommon cause of ischaemic stroke in younger patients, but multiple cervical arterial dissections at presentation are uncommon. Recurrence of dissection in a previously normal artery is common. In this case report we review the history, clinical findings and management of a 42-year-old woman who presented with stroke and Horner syndrome and was found to have spontaneous bilateral internal carotid artery dissection. She was not anticoagulated due to concerns relating to the size of her infarct. She was treated with a combination of aspirin and clopidogrel. We use dual antiplatelets for the management of cervical dissections as a part of the CADISS trial. The patient made good progress with the multidisciplinary team and was discharged on day 22 with support from the community stroke team.
Ardhalapudi, Srujan; Addy, Victoria; Da Costa, David
A very rare bilateral adrenal tumor.
We report a case of very rare adrenal tumor. A 54-year-old patient was classified as affected by bilateral adrenal incidentaloma that surprisingly, on histology resulted solitary fibrous tumors. Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm. Only five cases of localization of SFT in adrenal gland are reported in the literature, while the frequency of retroperitoneum localization is more frequent, about 30 cases. Immunohistochemically, SFT can be positive for CD34 antigen, vimentin, CD99, and bcl-2 and usually negative for cytokeratins, chromogranin A, NSE, neurofilaments, synoptophysin, and S-100. Surgical excision remains the main treatment in fact the recurrence is locoregional and correlated with positive margins due to incomplete excision, while distant metastases are correlated with atypical or malignant features. PMID:24146413
Toniato, Antonio; Boschin, Isabella Merante; Pelizzo, Maria Rosa
Bilateral stony lung: pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis
A 40-year-old male paddy field worker was referred for exertional shortness of breath and non-productive cough for 4 years. He had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis twice. Chest radiograph showed extensive bilateral nodular opacities ("sandstorm-like") in the middle and lower lobe. Pulmonary function tests revealed a restrictive ventilatory defect. High resolution CT showed widespread nodular infiltration with "crazy paving" appearance and interrupted black pleura sign. This was confirmed as pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) by trans-bronchial lung biopsy, which showed normal respiratory lining epithelium with dilated alveolar spaces containing many calcific bodies, some of which showed concentric calcification. The possibilities of silicosis (due to exposure to husk) and tuberculosis, both of which can mimic PAM clinically and radiologically, made this case a diagnostic challenge.
Chandra, Subhash; Mohan, Anant; Guleria, Randeep; Das, Prasenjit; Sarkar, Chitra
Tuberculosis of bilateral first costotransverse joints.
Involvement of posterior spine constitutes to 1-6% of the cases of spinal tuberculosis (TB). To the best of our knowledge, TB of costotransverse joints has only been reported once in the literature. The purpose of this study is to describe a case of TB arthritis of costotransverse joints. A 22-year-old immunocompetent patient presented with a 3-month history of pain in the neck and upper back along with a swelling on the left side of the base of the neck. On performing an MRI of the cervicodorsal spine, there was evidence of destructive collections at the bilateral first and right-sided second costotransverse joints. The patient was diagnosed as a case of tubercular pathology and was managed successfully with antitubercular chemotherapy. PMID:23907973
Gupta, Mayank; Jain, Vijay Kumar; Naik, Ananta Kumar; Arya, Rajendera Kumar
Subacute bilateral visual loss in methylmalonic acidemia.
A 23-year-old woman known to have methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) since birth suffered bilateral visual loss within 5 days. Multiple sclerosis, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, vasculitis, infections (in particular treponema), and vitamin deficiency were ruled out. The optic nerve head changed from normal in appearance to atrophic. Treatment attempts with high-dose intravenous steroids and coenzyme Q10 combined with vitamin E were ineffective. The patient's underlying disease was metabolically well controlled by strict diet and carnitine supplementation. Toxic damage of both optic nerves due to MMA is the most likely mechanism. MRI showed moderate enhancement of both optic nerves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a morphological correlate on MRI. PMID:21873889
Traber, Ghislaine; Baumgartner, Matthias R; Schwarz, Urs; Pangalu, Athina; Donath, Marc Y; Landau, Klara
Citalopram alleviates chronic stress induced depression-like behaviors in rats by activating GSK3? signaling in dorsal hippocampus.
Aside from monoamine disturbances, recent evidence has implicated particular intracellular pathways, including Wnt signaling, in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. In the present study, we investigated the role of Wingless (Wnt)-Dishevelled (DVL)-glycogen synthase kinase 3? (GSK3?) signaling in the depression-like behaviors exhibited by rats exposed to chronic forced swim stress. We found that the rats subjected to forced swim stress for 14 consecutive days exhibited obvious depression-like behaviors and showed decreased levels of phosphorylated GSK3? and ?-catenin in the hippocampus. Chronic citalopram treatment alleviated the depression-like behaviors and reversed the disruptions of the phosphorylated GSK3? and ?-catenin in stressed rats. Furthermore, when the stressed rats with citalopram treatment received bilateral, dorsal hippocampus infusions of a DVL inhibitor, sulindac, the depression-like effects induced by chronic stress reappeared. These findings suggest that the Wnt-DVL-GSK3? signaling in the hippocampus is markedly involved in the pathophysiology of depression induced by chronic stress. The Wnt-DVL-GSK3? pathway may mediate the therapeutic action of citalopram, and the manipulation of DVL could be a target for novel antidepressants. PMID:22634067
Liu, Rui; Dang, Wei; Jianting, Miao; Su, Changjun; Wang, Huaning; Chen, Yunchun; Tan, Qingrong
Increased facilitatory connectivity from the pre-SMA to the left dorsal premotor cortex during pseudoword repetition.
Previous studies have demonstrated that the repetition of pseudowords engages a network of premotor areas for articulatory planning and articulation. However, it remains unclear how these premotor areas interact and drive one another during speech production. We used fMRI with dynamic causal modeling to investigate effective connectivity between premotor areas during overt repetition of words and pseudowords presented in both the auditory and visual modalities. Regions involved in phonological aspects of language production were identified as those where regional increases in the BOLD signal were common to repetition in both modalities. We thus obtained three seed regions: the bilateral pre-SMA, left dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and left ventral premotor cortex that were used to test 63 different models of effective connectivity in the premotor network for pseudoword relative to word repetition. The optimal model was identified with Bayesian model selection and reflected a network with driving input to pre-SMA and an increase in facilitatory drive from pre-SMA to PMd during repetition of pseudowords. The task-specific increase in effective connectivity from pre-SMA to left PMd suggests that the pre-SMA plays a supervisory role in the generation and subsequent sequencing of motor plans. Diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tracking in another group of healthy volunteers showed that the functional connection between both regions is underpinned by a direct cortico-cortical anatomical connection. PMID:23249347
Hartwigsen, Gesa; Saur, Dorothee; Price, Cathy J; Baumgaertner, Annette; Ulmer, Stephan; Siebner, Hartwig R
Calcium currents in aged rat dorsal root ganglion neurones.
1. The whole-cell voltage clamp technique was used to record calcium currents in the somatic membrane of rat cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones. 2. Neurones were enzymatically isolated from animals of three age groups (neonatal, 2-7 days; adult, 7 months; and old, 30 months) and maintained in primary culture 3-14 days. 3. The neurones isolated from neonatal and old rats showed two distinct types of Ca2+ currents, a low-threshold transient current and a high-threshold sustained current, whereas neurones from old rats showed only a high-threshold calcium current. 4. The density of the high-threshold calcium current was 28.4 +/- 6.3 pA/pF (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 54) in neonatal, 39.1 +/- 7.2 pA/pF (n = 62) in adult and 11.0 +/- 4.6 pA/pF (n = 64) in old dorsal root ganglion neurones. 5. We found no difference in elementary high-threshold Ca2+ current characteristics in neurones from different age groups. The single-channel conductance was (with 60 mM Ca2+ in the recording pipette) 16.0 +/- 2.7 pS (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 9) in neonatal, 16.2 +/- 1.7 pS (n = 11) in adult and 16.4 +/- 1.2 pS (n = 12) in old neurones. 6. Current-voltage relations and kinetics of high-threshold calcium currents showed no detectable age-dependent difference. 7. The run-down of high-threshold calcium currents in dorsal root ganglion neurones from old rats was practically insensitive to intracellular administration of cyclic AMP and ATP. The same intervention caused a significant deceleration of Ca2+ current run-down in the majority of neonatal and in some adult cells. 8. We suggest that the disappearance of the low-threshold calcium current and reduction of high-threshold calcium current with ageing is due to a depression of calcium channel expression during late ontogenesis. The decrease of sensitivity of high-threshold calcium channels to phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in aged neurones could also be a reason for altered turnover between silent and functional pools of calcium channels, which may underlie the age-dependent decline in the density of high-threshold calcium channels. Images Fig. 2
Kostyuk, P; Pronchuk, N; Savchenko, A; Verkhratsky, A
Bilateral hemorrhagic pleural effusion due to kerosene aspiration
Kerosene ingested, intentionally or accidentally, is toxic. Data is scarce on complications and outcomes of hydrocarbon poisoning following kerosene aspiration in adults and there has been no known case of bilateral hemorrhagic effusion occurring due to it in literature. We, hereby, report a case of a bilateral hemorrhagic pleural effusion secondary to hydrocarbon aspiration in a 40-year old adult.
Prasad, Rajendra; Karmakar, Saurabh; Sodhi, Rakhee; Karmakar, Shilpi
Bilateral breast carcinomas: Do they have similar mammographic features?
AIMS: This study compared the mammographic appearance, site and histological features of synchronous and metachronous bilateral breast carcinomas.METHODS: Site, type of abnormality and background pattern seen on the diagnostic mammograms of 63 women with bilateral breast carcinoma were compared. The histological type and grade of all the carcinomas were verified by histological review.RESULTS: There was a tendency for the contralateral
N. J Hall; A. J Evans; J Kollias; H Denley; S. E Pinder; I. O Ellis; R. W Blamey; A. R. M Wilson
Parkinsonism associated with autosomal dominant bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis
Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis (BSPDC, also known as Fahr's disease, a misnomer), is a rare disorder where bilateral, almost symmetric, calcium and other mineral deposits occur in subcortical nuclei and white matter. Neurological manifestations vary but movement disorders are the most common. Of the movement disorders, parkinsonism predominates. We describe 6 patients with BSPDC associated with parkinsonism. Of the 6 patients,
B. V. Manyam; A. S. Walters; I. A. Keller; M. Ghobrial
Bilateral thalamic infarction and DSA demonstrated AOP after thrombosis.
Bilateral paramedian thalamic stroke is a special ischemic pattern that results from occlusion of the artery of Percheron (AOP), a rare anatomic variant of the paramedian arteries. We report a case of bilateral thalamic infarctions, with a dramatic improvement after thrombolysis. DSA demonstrated recanalization of AOP with possible unreported variation. PMID:23986825
Cao, Wenjie; Dong, Qiang; Li, Linxin; Dong, Yi
Bilateral thalamic infarction and DSA demonstrated AOP after thrombosis
Bilateral paramedian thalamic stroke is a special ischemic pattern that results from occlusion of the artery of Percheron (AOP), a rare anatomic variant of the paramedian arteries. We report a case of bilateral thalamic infarctions, with a dramatic improvement after thrombolysis. DSA demonstrated recanalization of AOP with possible unreported variation.
Cao, Wenjie; Dong, Qiang; Li, Linxin; Dong, Yi
Meningeal carcinomatosis causing isolated bilateral symmetric progressive hearing loss
A 53-year-old man presented with isolated bilateral progressive hearing loss from about 5 months. Fourteen months after onset of this isolated symptom a diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) was made. Isolated bilateral deafness is a rare first manifestation of MC.
S. Testoni; A. Pirodda; M. Pastore Trossello; E. Minguzzi; R. D'Alessandro
Prenatal bilateral extravaginal testicular torsion—a case presentation
A newborn male presented at birth with findings consistent with bilateral testicular torsion. Preoperative ultrasound demonstrated no flow to either testicle, and he underwent surgery, during which bilateral extravaginal testicular torsion was confirmed. The right testicle was grossly necrotic and orchidectomy was performed, whereas the left testicle was indeterminate and underwent detorsion and orchidopexy. At 6-month follow-up, the left testicle
Mathew D. Sorensen; Amanda M. Striegl; Martin A. Koyle
Modern tenets for repair of bilateral cleft lip.
The understanding of the bilateral cleft lip and associated nasal deformity has evolved over the last 30 years to a point where there now exists general agreement regarding the goals, principles, and strategies for operative repair. This article presents modern tenets for repair of bilateral cleft lip and describes a logical approach to correction of the different possible subtypes. PMID:24607187
Allori, Alexander C; Marcus, Jeffrey R
Dorsal raphe neurons signal reward through 5-HT and glutamate.
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in the midbrain is a key center for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT)-expressing neurons. Serotonergic neurons in the DRN have been theorized to encode punishment by opposing the reward signaling of dopamine neurons. Here, we show that DRN neurons encode reward, but not punishment, through 5-HT and glutamate. Optogenetic stimulation of DRN Pet-1 neurons reinforces mice to explore the stimulation-coupled spatial region, shifts sucrose preference, drives optical self-stimulation, and directs sensory discrimination learning. DRN Pet-1 neurons increase their firing activity during reward tasks, and this activation can be used to rapidly change neuronal activity patterns in the cortex. Although DRN Pet-1 neurons are often associated with 5-HT, they also release glutamate, and both neurotransmitters contribute to reward signaling. These experiments demonstrate the ability of DRN neurons to organize reward behaviors and might provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of learning facilitation and anhedonia treatment. PMID:24656254
Liu, Zhixiang; Zhou, Jingfeng; Li, Yi; Hu, Fei; Lu, Yao; Ma, Ming; Feng, Qiru; Zhang, Ju-En; Wang, Daqing; Zeng, Jiawei; Bao, Junhong; Kim, Ji-Young; Chen, Zhou-Feng; El Mestikawy, Salah; Luo, Minmin
Superficial stellate cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus
The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) integrates auditory and multisensory signals at the earliest levels of auditory processing. Proposed roles for this region include sound localization in the vertical plane, head orientation to sounds of interest, and suppression of sensitivity to expected sounds. Auditory and non-auditory information streams to the DCN are refined by a remarkably complex array of inhibitory and excitatory interneurons, and the role of each cell type is gaining increasing attention. One inhibitory neuron that has been poorly appreciated to date is the superficial stellate cell. Here we review previous studies and describe new results that reveal the surprisingly rich interactions that this tiny interneuron has with its neighbors, interactions which enable it to respond to both multisensory and auditory afferents.
Apostolides, Pierre F.; Trussell, Laurence O.
Single-neuron recordings from unanesthetized mouse dorsal cochlear nucleus
Because of the availability of disease and genetic models, the mouse has become a valuable species for auditory neuroscience that will facilitate long-term goals of understanding neuronal mechanisms underlying the perception and processing of sounds. The goal of this study was to define the basic sound-evoked response properties of single neurons in the mouse dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). Neurons producing complex spikes were distinguished as cartwheel cells (CWCs), and other neurons were classified according to the response map scheme previously developed in DCN. Similar to observations in other rodent species, neurons of the mouse DCN exhibit relatively little sound-driven inhibition. As a result, type III was the most commonly observed response. Our findings are generally consistent with the model of DCN function that has been developed in the cat and the gerbil, suggesting that this in vivo mouse preparation will be a useful tool for future studies of auditory physiology.
Ma, Wei-Li Diana
Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands associated with hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands (NDDH) is a rare and recently described disorder regarded as a subset of neutrophilic dermatosis, similar to superficial pyoderma gangrenosum and pustular vasculitis. Many currently consider it to be a localized variant of Sweet Syndrome. We describe the case of a 63-year-old male patient with NDDH associated with hypopharyngeal carcinoma. A biopsy demonstrated changes consistent with those seen in Sweet Syndrome, with leukocytoclasia but no signs of true vasculitis. Treatment with oral prednisolone resulted in complete resolution of the lesions in 1 month, with no recurrences. The clinical presentation, the histological features, and the excellent response to oral corticosteroid therapy allowed us to classify this case as NDDH. We emphasize the rare association of this entity with a solid tumor. PMID:18718189
Cravo, Mariana; Cardoso, José C; Tellechea, Oscar; Cordeiro, Margarida R; Reis, José Pedro; Figueiredo, Américo
A New Image Denoising Framework Based on Bilateral Filter
The bilateral filter is a nonlinear filter that does spatial averaging without smoothing edges; it has shown to be an effective image denoising technique in addition to some other applications. There are two main contributions of this paper. First, we provide an empirical study of the optimal parameter selection for the bilateral filter in image denoising applications. Second, we present an extension of the bilateral filter: multi-resolution bilateral filter, where bilateral filtering is applied to low-frequency subbands of a signal decomposed using an orthogonal wavelet transform. Combined with wavelet thresholding, this new image denoising framework turns out to be very effective in eliminating noise in real noisy images. We provide experimental results with both simulated data and real data.
Zhang, Ming; Gunturk, Bahadir K.
Cyclooxygenase inhibition in the dorsal vagal complex of the rat evokes increases in gastric motor function
To characterize the involvement of brainstem cyclooxygenase (COX) in the vagal control of gastric motor function, tolmetin, a reversible COX inhibitor, was applied to the surface of the dorsal medulla oblongata or microinjected into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) in ?-chloralose anesthetized rats, while intragastric pressure and contractile activity of the pyloric circular and greater curvature longitudinal muscle were monitored.
ZK Krowicki; NA Nathan; PJ Hornby
Dorsal Onlay versus Ventral Onlay Urethroplasty for Anterior Urethral Stricture: A Meta-Analysis
Background: Ventral and dorsal sides of urethra were chosen to place grafts in free graft onlay urethroplasty. As the advantages and disadvantages of these two sites are still unclear, we systemically analyzed clinical articles reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: The literature till October 2007 regarding the use of ventral\\/dorsal graft urethroplasty in anterior urethral strictures was searched using
Kunjie Wang; Xunzhong Miao; Li Wang; Hong Li
Dorsal or ventral: Similarities in fate maps and gastrulation patterns in annelids, arthropods and chrodates
The idea that chordates, during their evoluation, have inverted their dorsoventral body axis has recently gained substantial support. It has been shown that various dorsoventral patterning genes that are evolutionarily conserved between insects and vertebrates are expressed dorsally in insects, and ventrally in vertebrates, or vice versa. The ventral body side of insects thus seems to correspond to the dorsal
Detlev Arendt; Katharina Nübler-Jung
CFD Validation of the Optimal Arrangement of the Propulsive Dorsal Fin of Gymnarchus niloticus
Gymnarchus niloticus, a typical freshwater fish, swims by undulations of a long-based dorsal fin aided by the two pectoral fins, while commonly it holds its body rigid and straight. The long flexible dorsal fin is the main propulsor of G niloticus; it has also considerable influence on the streamline profile. This paper proposes a CFD approach to validate that the
Tian-jiang Hu; Lin-cheng Shen; Pei-ling Gong
The "S" Quattro Turbo in the management of neglected dorsal interphalangeal dislocations
We have used the "S" Quattro Turbo to treat four neglected dorsal interphalangeal joint dislocations. At an average follow up period of 45 months, there was a mean increase in the range of movement of the PIP joints by 74? and of the IP joint of the thumb or DIP joints by 45?. We recommend this technique for treating dorsal
N. R. M. Fahmy; N. Kehoe; J. G. Warner; N. Courtman
Anatomía de la inervación del Hallux: nervio cutáneo dorsal interno y plantar interno
This is a detailed anatomical study of the inervation of hallux in its dorsal and medial aspect of plantar medial nerve and cutaneous dorsal medial nervel of hallux, in a series of cases, in fresh cadavers, in the period from February to April 2004. A total of 20 feet was analyzed. The crosses the extensor hallucis longus tendon towards medial
Kinsthmena Andrea; Ardila Buitrago; Enrique Manuel Vergara Amador; Residente de Ortopedia
Functional properties of neurons in the cat gracile nucleus that project to the dorsal accessory olive
This study evaluated the functional properties of neurons in the gracile nucleus that project to the dorsal accessory portion of the inferior olive (DAO) and compared these with properties of other efferents from the dorsal column nuclei (DCN). Projection neurons were identified in anesthetized cats by microstimulation within DAO. They were further tested to insure that they could not be
H. H. Molinari; J. O. Dostrovsky
Palmar locking plate for treatment of unstable dorsal dislocated distal radius fractures
Introduction This study investigates the clinical and radiological results of open reduction and internal fixation of unstable distal radial fractures using a palmar placed interlocking plate system with no substitutes for treatment of the dorsal metaphyseal fracture void. Materials and methods Nineteen patients with a mean age of 61 years (range 49-78 years) and a dorsally dis- placed distal radial
R. Arora; M. Lutz; D. Fritz; R. Zimmermann; J. Oberladstätter; M. Gabl
Modulation of Morphogenesis by Egfr during Dorsal Closure in Drosophila
During Drosophila embryogenesis the process of dorsal closure (DC) results in continuity of the embryonic epidermis, and DC is well recognized as a model system for the analysis of epithelial morphogenesis as well as wound healing. During DC the flanking lateral epidermal sheets stretch, align, and fuse along the dorsal midline, thereby sealing a hole in the epidermis occupied by an extra-embryonic tissue known as the amnioserosa (AS). Successful DC requires the regulation of cell shape change via actomyosin contractility in both the epidermis and the AS, and this involves bidirectional communication between these two tissues. We previously demonstrated that transcriptional regulation of myosin from the zipper (zip) locus in both the epidermis and the AS involves the expression of Ack family tyrosine kinases in the AS in conjunction with Dpp secreted from the epidermis. A major function of Ack in other species, however, involves the negative regulation of Egfr. We have, therefore, asked what role Egfr might play in the regulation of DC. Our studies demonstrate that Egfr is required to negatively regulate epidermal expression of dpp during DC. Interestingly, we also find that Egfr signaling in the AS is required to repress zip expression in both the AS and the epidermis, and this may be generally restrictive to the progression of morphogenesis in these tissues. Consistent with this theme of restricting morphogenesis, it has previously been shown that programmed cell death of the AS is essential for proper DC, and we show that Egfr signaling also functions to inhibit or delay AS programmed cell death. Finally, we present evidence that Ack regulates zip expression by promoting the endocytosis of Egfr in the AS. We propose that the general role of Egfr signaling during DC is that of a braking mechanism on the overall progression of DC.
Cormier, Olga; Cheng, David Chung-Pei; Reed, Bruce; Harden, Nicholas
A bilateral cervical contusion injury model in mice: assessment of gripping strength as a measure of forelimb motor function
Here, we describe a bilateral cervical contusion model for mice. Adult female mice received graded bilateral contusion injuries at cervical level 5 (C5) using a commercially available impactor (the IH device). Three separate experiments were carried out to define conditions that produce impairments in forelimb function without unacceptable impairment of general health. A grip strength meter (GSM) was used to assess gripping ability as a measure of forelimb motor function; lesion size was assessed histologically by staining cross sections for H&E and GFAP. In Experiment 1, mice received injuries of 30 kilodynes (kdyn); these produced minimal deficits on grip strength. In Experiment 2, mice received injuries of 75 kdyn and 100 kdyn. Injuries of 75 kdyn produced transient deficits in gripping that recovered between 3-15 dpi to about 90% of control; injuries of 100 kdyn produced deficits that recovered to about 50% of control. In Experiment 3, none of the mice that received injuries of 100 kdyn recovered gripping ability. Histological assessment revealed graded injuries that ranged from damage limited primarily to the dorsal column (DC) to damage to the DC, grey matter, ventral column and lateral column. Most lesions filled in with a fibrous tissue matrix, but fluid-filled cystic cavities were found in 13% of the 100 kdyn injury group and a combination of fibrous-filled/fluid-filled cystic cavities were found in 22% and 38% of the 75 kdyn and 100 kdyn injury groups, respectively. There was minimal urine retention following cervical contusion injuries indicating preservation of bladder function. Our results define conditions to produce graded bilateral cervical contusion injuries in mice and demonstrate the usefulness of the GSM for assessing forelimb motor function after cervical contusions.
Aguilar, Roberto M.; Steward, Oswald
Bilateral cochlear implantation: current concepts, indications, and results.
The optimal treatment for bilateral hearing loss continues to evolve as cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid technologies advance, as does our understanding of the central auditory system. Ongoing discussions continue on the validity and feasibility of bilateral CI in terms of performance, justification of need, medical/surgical safety concerns, and economics. The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on the advantages and disadvantages of bilateral CI and to provide a discussion on timing (simultaneous vs. sequential), technology (bimodal vs. binaural) and feasibility. Binaural advantages are found in both adult and pediatric bilateral CI recipients, the greatest being the head shadow effect and improvements in localization and loudness summation. This theoretically offers an advantage over their unilateral implanted counterparts in terms of improved sound localization and enhanced speech perception under noisy conditions. Most investigators agree that bilateral stimulation during critical periods of development is paramount for optimizing auditory functioning in children. Currently, bilateral CI is widely accepted as a safe and effective means of bilateral auditory stimulation. PMID:19894280
Basura, Gregory J; Eapen, Rose; Buchman, Craig A
Morphologic types of breast cancer: age, bilaterality, and family history.
Morphologic type is not generally included in the study of cancer risk factors. In breast cancer, attention is being given to age at diagnosis. In this study cases were analyzed by morphologic type as well as age at diagnosis for occurrence of bilateral disease and for family history of breast cancer. Of the morphologic types which were more frequent in younger patients--lobular in situ, medullary, and intraductal comedo--only lobular in situ had an increased frequency of bilaterality (fourfold increase). Of these, only patients with intraductal comedo reported familial breast cancer more frequently than the average. Lobular infiltrating carcinoma is diagnosed more frequently in elderly patients and is associated with 2.6 times more bilaterality and increased familial risk. Diagnosis at age 45 to 54 is also associated with increased bilaterality, but the diagnosis of lobular carcinoma has much stronger association with bilaterality than early age at diagnosis. Because of the high risk of bilaterality in lobular neoplasia and in those with a family history of cancer occurring before the menopause, bilateral biopsies and subsequent screening for malignancy should be done in these women. PMID:6243191
Erdreich, L S; Asal, N R; Hoge, A F
From bilateral to multi-countries cooperation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
In 2010, the Office for Science and Technology of the French Embassy in Washington DC provided seed funding to enable a new scientific collaboration between the US and France. The work primarily focuses on the understanding of the interaction of particles with the DNA. The National Society of Black Physicists managed the funds. This so-called G4TRAP work is an extension of the ESA-funded G4DNA project that uses the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit and is spearheaded by the University of Bordeaux 1 in France. This initiative spawns to new areas (ultrafast lasers, nuclear/high energy physics, radiation biology and space science) and includes US industries, thanks to the interdisciplinary activities needed to advance this project. In addition, the bi-lateral collaboration was expanded to two other countries: Canada and Senegal. Subsequent funding requests were made to US agencies (NSF and DoE) as well as other French programs. More are anticipated that will also include NIH, NASA and the Canadian programs. A review of this multidisciplinary effort will be presented along with the present status on the various aspects of the G4TRAP project.
Gueye, Paul
Bilateral symmetry in crayfish behavioral reactions.
The crayfish, Procambarus cubensis, placed in the central area of a plus-maze preferred to go forward in about 50% of trials; they chose the right or left arm in 20.7 and 18.9% of the trials, respectively. In a T-maze, the difference between right and left directions was also insignificant. When exploring a plus-maze, the crayfish turned to 180 degrees at the end of the arms, then turned to 90 degrees going to the next arm. The mean difference between the right and left U-turns, and the right and left turns was insignificant though some animals demonstrated a left or right preference. There was a strong correlation between the direction of U-turns and following turns ensuring the clockwise or anti-clockwise movements of the crayfish. Also we examined a possible preference of the right or left claw in the feeding behavior of the crayfish. The crayfish caught a small bloodworm given from above equally with the right or left claw. The crayfish conditioned to take a bloodworm with a claw did not demonstrate any stable preference of left or right claw in the course of the experiments. The question of bilateral asymmetries within the decapod crustaceans is discussed. PMID:18652389
Shuranova, Zhanna
Bilateral, atraumatic, proximal tibiofibular joint instability.
Dislocation of the tibiofibular joint is rare and usually results from a traumatic event. Only 1 case of atraumatic proximal tibiofibular joint instability in a 14-year-old girl has been reported in the literature, however this condition might occur more frequently than once thought. A wide range of treatment options exist for tibiofibular dislocations. Currently, the first choice is a conservative approach, and when this fails, surgical means such as resection of the fibula head, arthrodesis, and reconstruction are considered. However, no consensus exists on the most effective treatment. This article reports a unique case of bilateral, atraumatic, proximal tibia and fibular joint instability involving a 30-year-old man with a 20-year history of pain and laxity in the right knee. The patient had no trauma to his knees; he reported 2 immediate family members with similar complaints, which suggests that this case is likely congenital. After conservative approaches proved to be ineffective, the patient underwent capsular reconstruction using free autologous gracilis tendon. At 6-month postoperative follow-up, the patient was pain free with no locking and instability. He then underwent surgery on the left knee. At 1-year follow-up after the second surgery, the patient had no symptoms or restrictions in mobility. We provide an alternative surgical approach to arthrodesis and resection for the treatment of chronic proximal tibiofibular instability. In the treatment of chronic tibiofibular instability, we believe that reconstruction of the tibiofibular joint is a safe and effective choice. PMID:21323280
Morrison, Troy D; Shaer, James A; Little, Jill E
Geleophysic dysplasia associated with bilateral angle closure glaucoma
In this case report, we present occurrence of bilateral angle closure glaucoma in a 9-year-old girl with geleophysic dysplasia. Bilateral YAG laser iridotomy was applied, but intraocular pressure (IOP) remained at high levels, necessitating bilateral trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. On her follow-up examinations for 3 years, IOP remained in the mid-20s with no need for further intervention or antiglaucoma medication. There are few reports describing the ocular findings of geleophysic dysplasia in literature. To our knowledge, this is the first case report describing an application of glaucoma surgery and its results at geleophysic dysplasia.
Saricaoglu, Murat Sinan; Guven, Dilek; Karakurt, Ahmet; Hasiripi, Hikmet
A rare case of bilateral orbital castleman disease.
Abstract Castleman disease is a non-neoplastic cause of lymphadenopathy, first described in 1956 by Dr. Benjamin Castleman. Orbital involvement in Castleman disease is extremely rare. We report a case of bilateral orbital Castleman disease in a 48-year-old Asian male who presented with bilateral inferior dystopia. MRI revealed bilateral extraconal superior orbital mass. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the mass revealed features of Castleman disease of hyaline vascular type. Castleman disease should be a differential in suspected idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease and lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID:24831817
Mukherjee, Bipasha; Alam, Mohammad Shahid; Krishnakumar, S
Simultaneous Bilateral Vertebral Artery 3D Rotational Angiography
Summary We describe the first reported use of simultaneous bilateral vertebral artery rotational angiography to visualize an aneurysm. Images acquired from 3D rotational angiography with a single vertebral injection provided insufficient anatomic detail in two cases with vertebrobasilar junction aneurysms associated with fenestration. Therefore, simultaneous bilateral vertebral artery 3D rotational runs were performed. Anatomic detail was superior with the simultaneous injection and this allowed for the appropriate plan of care to be instituted. In the rare cases of vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm associated with fenestration, simultaneous bilateral vertebral artery 3D rotational angiography may provide the most useful anatomic detail when evaluating a patient for possible endovascular intervention.
Reavey-Cantwell, J.F.; Lewis, S.B.; Firment, C.
Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome with bilateral duplicated systems.
A 29-year-old multigravida woman presented for her second prenatal ultrasound evaluation at 30 weeks of gestation. The study showed a female fetus, bilateral duplicated systems with severe hydronephrosis in the upper pole moieties and a massively distended bladder. Initial interpretation suggested ectopic/obstructing bilateral ureteroceles. To evaluate these findings further, a prenatal magnetic resonance imaging scan was obtained, documenting the absence of ureteroceles. The presumptive diagnosis of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome was made. After birth, contrast enema confirmed the presence of microcolon. This appears to be the first reported case of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome with bilateral duplex systems evaluated with prenatal magnetic resonance imaging. PMID:12837448
Lorenzo, Armando J; Twickler, Diane M; Baker, Linda A
Bilateral eyelid erythema associated with false eyelash glue.
We report an unusual case of bilateral eyelid erythema caused by eyelash glue. A 22-year-old woman presented with a 3-day history of bilateral eyelid dermatitis after attaching false eyelashes by using latex-containing glue. Slit-lamp examination revealed erythema and swelling of the upper lids of both eyes. The skin prick test was positive for eyelash glue and her total tear IgE score was high. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral eyelid dermatitis caused by eyelash glue. PMID:22519514
Mimura, Tatsuya
Neurological impairment in congenital bilateral ptosis with ophthalmoplegia.
A case is described of congenital bilateral ptosis and ophthalmoplegia due to incomplete bilateral paralysis of the third cranial nerve associated with dysmorphisms, brain malformations and epileptiform EEG abnormalities. We hypothesize that in our case the ophthalmological disturbance is due to mesencephalic impairment. In literature there are few reports of congenital bilateral paralysis of the third cranial nerve and they lack detailed MRI findings. We stress in patients with congenital third cranial nerve palsy the importance of thorough neurological investigations including prolonged wake-sleep EEG monitoring as well as CT scan and MRI to establish the origin of the disorder. PMID:1621924
Parmeggiani, A; Posar, A; Leonardi, M; Rossi, P G
Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax with congenital pleuro-pleural communication
A single pleural space can lead to serious simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax in cases of congenital or acquired pleuro-pleural communication. Here we report a 35-year-old man with bilateral pneumothorax. Chest computed tomography scans revealed a small air space between the esophagus and aorta, suggesting pleuro-pleural communication. Bilateral thoracoscopic bullectomy was performed. Repeated inspection revealed a 2-cm-long pleural window between the aorta and esophagus, which was closed with a collagen patch. Although congenital pleuro-pleural communication has been regarded as rare, as many as nine patients have been reported (if suspected cases are included). The lower middle mediastinum should be carefully inspected.
Suzuki, Takashi; Yokoi, Masahide; Yoshida, Shuji; Takeyama, Teruaki; Nakazaki, Haruhiro; Goto, Hidenori; Sato, Fumitomo; Takagi, Keigo; Otsuka, Hajime
Spheniodal mucocele causing bilateral optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia.
Sphenoid sinus mucocele comprises only 2% of all paranasal sinus mucoceles. In literature, there is a case report on sphenoidal mucocele causing bilateral optic neuropathy, with unilateral partial recovery and cranial nerve palsy, but we did not come across any literature with bilateral optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia together caused by spheno-ethmoidal mucocele. We present such a rare case of spheno-ethmoidal mucocele causing bilateral optic neuropathy and unilateral sixth nerve palsy who had postsurgery, unilateral good vision recovery, and complete resolution of sixth nerve palsy. PMID:23571243
Selvakumar, Ambika; Mahalaxmi, Balasubramanyam; Ananth, V; Gautam, Cugati
Imaging of acute bilateral paramedian thalamic and mesencephalic infarcts.
Thalami and midbrain arterial supply arises from many perforating blood vessels with a complex distribution for which many variations have been described. One rare variation, named the "artery of Percheron," is a solitary arterial trunk that arises from one of the proximal segments of a posterior cerebral artery and supplies the paramedian thalami and the rostral midbrain bilaterally. Occlusion of this artery results in bilateral thalamic and mesencephalic infarctions. We describe three patients with a presumed occlusion of the artery of Percheron in whom MR imaging showed characteristic symmetrical bilateral paramedian thalamic and mesencephalic infarctions. PMID:14625223
Matheus, M Gisele; Castillo, Mauricio
A 72-year-old patient with bilateral Maisonneuve fractures
Maisonneuve fractures result from a disruption of the medial ankle structures and a proximal fibular fracture. Patient complaints can be misleading and there is a significant rate of delayed diagnosed injuries. We present a case of bilateral Maisonneuve fractures after a fall due to a syncopal collapse. A precise clinical examination led to this rare diagnosis. The injuries were treated with syndesmotic screw fixation, removal of hardware followed after 6 weeks. The patient was asymptomatic at three-months follow up. Patients with bilateral injuries undergoing standard surgical treatment can gain full recovery, but high suspicion in clinical examination is needed to detect this uncommon bilateral injury.
Dienstknecht, Thomas; Horst, Klemens; Pape, Hans-Christoph
Bilateral topographic symmetry patterns across Aphrodite Terra, Venus
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Topographic profiles have been obtained across Aphrodite Terra to test for bilateral symmetry of the type associated with thermal boundary layer topography at divergent plate boundaries on earth. In addition to a broad bilateral symmetry at a range of angles across Aphrodite Terra, detailed bilateral symmetry is noted within domains between linear discontinuities in directions parallel to the strike of the discontinuities. The results suggest that western Aphrodite Terra is similar to terrestrial oceanic divergent plate boundary environments, and that the cross-strike discontinuities are analogous to oceanic fracture zones rather than strike-slip faults.
Crumpler, L. S.; Head, James W.
Male Breast Cancer: Presenting as Synchronous, Large, Bilateral Masses
Male breast cancer is a very rare neoplasm which accounts for 1% of all breast cancers. A 70-year-old male presented with a rapidly growing, bilateral breast masses with large size, surface ulceration and bloody discharge. Synchronous bilateral breast cancer was diagnosed by using fine needle aspiration cytology, mammography, ultrasonography and incisional biopsy. Histopathological studies revealed invasive ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified), which was of grade III in left breast and of grade II in right breast. We are presenting this case with its clinico-pathological findings, as synchronous bilateral breast cancer occurs extremely rarely in males.
Chougule, P. G.; Khatib, Wasim; Shukla, Dhirajkumar B.; Jagtap, Swati Sunil
Spheniodal mucocele causing bilateral optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia
Sphenoid sinus mucocele comprises only 2% of all paranasal sinus mucoceles. In literature, there is a case report on sphenoidal mucocele causing bilateral optic neuropathy, with unilateral partial recovery and cranial nerve palsy, but we did not come across any literature with bilateral optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia together caused by spheno-ethmoidal mucocele. We present such a rare case of spheno-ethmoidal mucocele causing bilateral optic neuropathy and unilateral sixth nerve palsy who had postsurgery, unilateral good vision recovery, and complete resolution of sixth nerve palsy.
Selvakumar, Ambika; Mahalaxmi, Balasubramanyam; Ananth, V; Gautam, Cugati
Synchronous rectal adenocarcinoma and bilateral clear cell renal carcinoma.
A 69-year-old man was admitted for resection of rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by colonoscopy. Preoperative computed tomography scan and abdominal ultrasonography revealed bilateral renal tumors measuring up to 2 and 2.8 cm in largest diameter, respectively. The patient underwent partial colectomy and bilateral partial nephrectomy. Microscopically, rectal adenocarcinoma penetrated the submucosa, without invasion of the muscularis propria. Both renal tumors were clear cell renal carcinomas of Fuhrmann nuclear grade 2. To our knowledge, this is the first case of synchronous adenocarcinoma of the rectum and bilateral clear cell renal cell carcinoma described in the literature to date. PMID:21086735
Spaji?, Borislav; Grubisi?, Igor; Spaji?, Marija; Marusi?, Zlatko; Demirovi?, Alma; Miji?, August; Kruslin, Bozo; Tomas, Davor
Female bias for enlarged male body and dorsal fins in Xiphophorus variatus.
Female preference for male fin elaborations in Poeciliid fishes may be driven by a sensory bias for increased lateral projection area (LPA) that has existed since the lineages diverged from a common ancestor. Previous research supports this hypothesis demonstrating female Poecilia latipinna, Poecilia mexicana, and Poecilia reticulata prefer males of larger body and dorsal fin size, but exhibit no such preferences when controlling for total LPA. In the current study, we further tested this hypothesis by presenting female platys, Xiphophorus variatus, with pairs of dummy males differing in: (1) body size (holding dorsal fin size constant); (2) dorsal fin size (holding body size constant); and (3) dorsal fin: body size ratio (holding total LPA constant). Females spent more time near dummies of greater body and dorsal fin size; however, in the third experiment, neither fin size, body size, nor any particular dorsal fin+body size combination was preferred. These results provide additional support for the LPA and sensory bias hypotheses, demonstrating that female X. variatus not only prefer males with "swords", but sailfin-like dorsal fins as well when body size is held constant. Shared preference for increased LPA is consistent with common ancestry of the sensory/neural systems in females of all four species. PMID:21457765
MacLaren, R David; Gagnon, John; He, Ran
Bilateral Bi-Cephalic Tdcs with Two Active Electrodes of the Same Polarity Modulates Bilateral Cognitive Processes Differentially
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an innovative method to explore the causal structure-function relationship of brain areas. We investigated the specificity of bilateral bi-cephalic tDCS with two active electrodes of the same polarity (e.g., cathodal on both hemispheres) applied to intraparietal cortices bilaterally using a combined between- and within-task approach. Regarding between-task specificity, we observed that bilateral bi-cephalic tDCS affected a numerical (mental addition) but not a control task (colour word Stroop), indicating a specific influence of tDCS on numerical but not on domain general cognitive processes associated with the bilateral IPS. In particular, the numerical effect of distractor distance was more pronounced under cathodal than under anodal stimulation. Moreover, with respect to within-task specificity we only found the numerical distractor distance effect in mental addition to be modulated by direct current stimulation, whereas the effect of target identity was not affected. This implies a differential influence of bilateral bi-cephalic tDCS on the recruitment of different processing components within the same task (number magnitude processing vs. recognition of familiarity). In sum, this first successful application of bilateral bi-cephalic tDCS with two active electrodes of the same polarity in numerical cognition research corroborates the specific proposition of the Triple Code Model that number magnitude information is represented bilaterally in the intraparietal cortices.
Huber, Stefan; Bloechle, Johannes; Willmes, Klaus; Karim, Ahmed A.; Nuerk, Hans-Christoph; Moeller, Korbinian
Open and Arthroscopic Treatment of PerilunateInjuries
Carpal dislocations are rare and complex injuries. Nearly every combination of radiocarpal and intercarpal dislocation has been described, but few fit neatly into a particular pat- tern or classification scheme. The injury may be subtle clini- cally and radiographically, and the diagnosis is frequently delayed. Prompt recognition, accurate reduction, and stable temporary internal fixation all contribute to improved out- comes.
Wayne M. Weil; Joseph F. Slade; Thomas E. Trumble
Palmar perilunate fracture-dislocation of the carpus.
We report an uncommon palmar translunate, transhamate carpal fracture dislocation. CT-scans with three-dimensional reconstruction were most helpful for the assessment of the injury, which was treated operatively through a palmar approach. The lunate and hamate fractures were fixed using mini-screws and the radial styloid fracture and the scaphoid were reduced and stabilized with K-wires. PMID:9607678
Masmejean, E H; Romano, S J; Saffar, P H
AMPA receptor trafficking in inflammation-induced dorsal horn central sensitization
Activity-dependent postsynaptic receptor trafficking is critical for long-term synaptic plasticity in brain, but it is unclear whether this mechanism actually mediates spinal cord dorsal horn central sensitization (a specific form of synaptic plasticity) that is associated with persistent pain. Recent studies have shown that peripheral inflammation drives changes in AMPA receptor subunit trafficking in dorsal horn and that such changes contribute to the hypersensitivity that underlies persistent pain. Here, we review current evidence to illustrate how spinal cord AMPA receptors participate in dorsal horn central sensitization associated with persistent pain. Understanding these mechanisms may allow development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating persistent pain.
Tao, Yuan-Xiang
Anatomic basis for the dorsal radial flap of the thumb: clinical applications.
The pattern of the dorsal arterial supply of the thumb was studied by the dissection of 25 thumbs of fresh cadavers. A constant vascular axis was found, originating at the radial a. and communicating at the level of the middle third of the proximal phalanx with the arterial palmar circuit. The constant presence of this vascular axis and its connection with the palmar circuit permits the mobilisation of a dorsal metacarpal skin flap, with a distal pedicle and a reversed flow, that can be used for covering dorsal and palmar losses of substance in the thumb. PMID:8873330
Moschella, F; Cordova, A; Pirrello, R; Brunelli, F
Relocation of mitochondria to the prospective dorsal marginal zone during Xenopus embryogenesis
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Dorsal-ventral axis formation in Xenopus laevis begins with a cytoplasmic rotation during the first cell cycle and culminates in a series of cell interactions and movements during gastrulation and neurulation that lead to the formation of dorsal-anterior structures. Evidence reported here indicates that mitochondria are differentially redistributed along the prospective dorsal-ventral axis as a consequence of the cortical-cytoplasmic rotation during the first cell cycle. This finding reinvigorates a possibility that has been considered for many years: asymmetries in cytoplasmic components and metabolic activities contribute to the development of morphological asymmetries.
Yost, H. J.; Phillips, C. R.; Boore, J. L.; Bertman, J.; Whalon, B.; Danilchik, M. V.
Alexander disease with mild dorsal brainstem atrophy and infantile spasms.
We present the case of a Japanese male infant with Alexander disease who developed infantile spasms at 8 months of age. The patient had a cluster of partial seizures at 4 months of age. He presented with mild general hypotonia and developmental delay. Macrocephaly was not observed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings fulfilled all MRI-based criteria for the diagnosis of Alexander disease and revealed mild atrophy of the dorsal pons and medulla oblongata with abnormal intensities. DNA analysis disclosed a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.1154 C>T, p.S385F) in the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene. At 8 months of age, tonic spasms occurred, and electroencephalography (EEG) revealed hypsarrhythmia. Lamotrigine effectively controlled the infantile spasms and improved the abnormal EEG findings. Although most patients with infantile Alexander disease have epilepsy, infantile spasms are rare. This comorbid condition may be associated with the distribution of the brain lesions and the age at onset of Alexander disease. PMID:22818990
Torisu, Hiroyuki; Yoshikawa, Yoko; Yamaguchi-Takada, Yui; Yano, Tamami; Sanefuji, Masafumi; Ishizaki, Yoshito; Sawaishi, Yukio; Hara, Toshiro
A relative position code for saccades in dorsal premotor cortex
Spatial computations underlying the coordination of the hand and eye present formidable geometric challenges. One way for the nervous system to simplify these computations is to directly encode the relative position of the hand and the center of gaze. Neurons in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), which is critical for the guidance of arm-reaching movements, encode the relative position of the hand, gaze and goal of reaching movements. This suggests that PMd can coordinate reaching movements with eye movements. Here, we examine saccade-related signals in PMd to determine whether they also point to a role for PMd in coordinating visual-motor behavior. We first compared the activity of a population of PMd neurons with a population of parietal reach region (PRR) neurons. During center-out reaching and saccade tasks, PMd neurons responded more strongly before saccades than PRR neurons and PMd contained a larger proportion of exclusively saccade-tuned cells than PRR. During a saccade relative position coding task, PMd neurons encoded saccade targets in a relative position code that depended on the relative position of gaze, the hand, and the goal of a saccadic eye movement. This relative position code for saccades is similar to the way that PMd neurons encode reach targets. We propose that eye movement and eye position signals in PMd do not drive eye movements, but rather provide spatial information that links the control of eye and arm movements in order to support coordinated visual-motor behavior.
Pesaran, Bijan; Nelson, Matthew J.; Andersen, Richard A.
Retronasal odor representations in the dorsal olfactory bulb of rats
Animals perceive their olfactory environment not only from odors originating in the external world (orthonasal route) but also from odors released in the oral cavity while eating food (retronasal route). Retronasal olfaction is crucial for the perception of food flavor in humans. However, little is known about the retronasal stimulus coding in the brain. The most basic question is if and how route affects the odor representations at the level of the olfactory bulb (OB), where odor quality codes originate. We used optical calcium imaging of presynaptic dorsal OB responses to odorants in anesthetized rats to ask whether the rat OB could be activated retronasally, and how these responses compare to orthonasal responses under similar conditions. We further investigated the effects of specific odorant properties on orthoversus retronasal response patterns. We found that at a physiologically relevant flow rate retronasal odorants can effectively reach the olfactory receptor neurons, eliciting glomerular response patterns that grossly overlap with those of orthonasal responses, but differ from the orthonasal patterns in the response amplitude and temporal dynamics. Interestingly, such differences correlated well with specific odorant properties. Less volatile odorants yielded relatively smaller responses retronasally, but volatility did not affect relative temporal profiles. More polar odorants responded with relatively longer onset latency and time to peak retronasally, but polarity did not affect relative response magnitudes. These data provide insight into the early stages of retronasal stimulus coding and establish relationships between ortho- and retronasal odor representations in the rat OB.
Gautam, Shree Hari; Verhagen, Justus V.
CLP36 interacts with palladin in dorsal root ganglion neurons.
CLP36, a member of the alpha-actinin-associated LIM protein (ALP)/enigma protein family, plays a role in neurite outgrowth in the peripheral nervous system. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not known. In this study, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening of an E18 mouse whole-body cDNA library with CLP36 as the bait and isolated palladin as a CLP36-binding protein. Palladin is an actin-binding protein and it was shown to have a role in the extension of cortical neurons. A coimmunoprecipitation study showed that CLP36 and palladin formed a complex in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). In addition, CLP36 and palladin were colocalized in the neurites and cell bodies of primary DRG neurons. Furthermore, sciatic nerve transection increased the expression of both CLP36 and palladin mRNAs in DRG neurons, with the increase in CLP36 mRNA being more prominent. This implies that CLP36 has a more specific role in nerve regeneration than palladin. Our results suggest that CLP36 may interact with palladin to influence neurite outgrowth during sciatic nerve regeneration. PMID:20381583
Hasegawa, Tomohiko; Ohno, Koji; Funahashi, Shinji; Miyazaki, Kazufumi; Nagano, Akira; Sato, Kohji
Dorsal hippocampal involvement in appetitive trace conditioning and interval timing.
Involvement of the dorsal hippocampus (DHPC) in acquisition of Pavlovian trace conditioning and interval timing was examined in an appetitive preparation in which presentations of one conditioned stimulus (CS) were immediately followed by food (delay conditioning), and presentations of another CS were followed by food 15 seconds after its termination (trace conditioning). DHPC lesions did not disrupt acquisition of trace conditioning, but they selectively affected the distribution of conditioned responding over the course of the trace CS in the early stage of acquisition. In addition, lesions disrupted accuracy of timing the conditioned response (CR) for both delay and trace CSs: The control subjects showed maximum CR at the time of food delivery, but in the DHPC-lesioned subjects, the maximum CR was at an earlier time point. This timing deficit did not seem to be due to impulsive responding or deficits in response inhibition because, when the early portion of the delay CS was interrupted shortly by an empty interval, the difference in the time of maximum responding between the lesioned and control subjects was eliminated. Thus, although the involvement of the DHPC in appetitive trace conditioning was not found when a gross measure of conditioning was employed, it was revealed when the temporal distribution of conditioned responding was examined on a moment-by-moment basis as in eyeblink trace conditioning studies. PMID:22352787
Tam, Shu K E; Bonardi, Charlotte
Dorsal Root Ganglia Damage in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques
HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is currently the most common neurological complication of chronic HIV infection and continues to substantially affect patient quality of life. Mechanisms underlying the neuronal damage and loss observed in sensory ganglia of HIV-infected individuals have not been sufficiently studied. The present study aimed to develop and characterize a model of HIV-SN using SIV-infected CD8 T-lymphocyte-depleted rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Uninfected controls (n = 5), SIV-infected CD8-depleted (n = 4), and SIV-infected non-CD8-depleted (n = 6) animals were used. Of the six non-CD8-depleted animals, three were conventional progressors (progressing to AIDS >1 year after infection) and three were rapid progressors (AIDS within 6 months). Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were examined for histological hallmarks of HIV-SN, including satellitosis, presence of Nageotte nodules, and neuronophagia, as well as increased numbers of CD68+ macrophages and abundant viral replication. In contrast to non-CD8-depleted animals, which had mild to moderate DRG pathology, the CD8-depleted SIV-infected animals had moderate to severe DRG damage, with increased numbers of CD68+ satellite cells. Additionally, there was marked active viral replication in the affected DRG. These findings confirm that many features of HIV-SN can be recapitulated in the CD8-depleted SIV-infected rhesus macaque model within a short time frame and illustrate the importance of this model for study of sensory neuropathy.
Burdo, Tricia H.; Orzechowski, Krystyna; Knight, Heather L.; Miller, Andrew D.; Williams, Kenneth
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract neuronal activity in the intact chronic cat.
The ability to electrophysiologically identify the axonal projections of lumbar neurons recorded in chronic unanesthetized intact awake animals is a formidable but essential requirement toward understanding ascending sensory transmission under naturally occurring conditions. Chronic immobilization procedures previously introduced by Morales et al. (1981) for intracellular studies of motoneurons are modified and then integrated with procedures for antidromic cellular identification and extracellular recording of upper (or lower) dorsal lumbar spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) neuronal activity, in conjunction with behavioral state recording and drug microiontophoresis. These implant procedures provide up to 6 months of stable recording conditions and, when combined with other techniques, allow individual DSCT neurons to be monitored over multiple cycles of sleep and wakefulness, following the induction into and recovery from barbiturate anesthesia and/or during the juxtacellular microiontophoretic ejection of inhibitory or excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters. The combination of such techniques allows a comprehensive examination of synaptic transmission through the DSCT and other lumbar sensory pathways in the intact normally respiring cat and its modulation during the general anesthetic state. These techniques permit investigations of the supraspinal controls impinging on lumbar sensory tract neurons during wakefulness and other behavioral states such as active sleep. PMID:8544483
Soja, P J; Fragoso, M C; Cairns, B E; Oka, J I
The localization and chemical determination of acetylcholin esterase in the frog sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia were studied by a combination of the methods of electron microscopy, histochemistry, and microgasometric analysis with the magnetic diver. The Koelle-Friedenwald copper thiocholine histochemical method was modified by eliminating the sulfide conversion and by treatment of the tissue with potassium permanganate. In fixed tissue, enzymatic activity was demonstrated on the inner surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, subsurface cisternae, and agranular reticulum of the perikaryon and axon. In briefly fixed tissue, end product appeared also at the axon-sheath and the sheath-sheath interface. Activity at the synaptic junction was most readily obtained in unfixed tissue. Isolated neurons recovered from the diver following chemical analysis were studied with the electron microscope. Cells having a high enzyme activity showed a badly ruptured or absent neural plasmalemma and sheath. In this case the measured activity was apparently due to the enzyme present in the endoplasmic reticulum. Neurons having low activity exhibited an intact plasmalemma and sheath. This may reflect the effectiveness of the neural plasmalemma and sheath as a penetration barrier. The effects of fixation on enzyme activity are discussed. Electron microscopic examination of cells following microgasometric analysis is shown to be essential for the interpretation of the biochemical data.
Brzin, Miro; Tennyson, Virginia M.; Duffy, Philip E.
Ca2+ sparks and secretion in dorsal root ganglion neurons
Ca2+ sparks as the elementary intracellular Ca2+ release events are instrumental to local control of Ca2+ signaling in many types of cells. Here, we visualized neural Ca2+ sparks in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and investigated possible role of DRG sparks in the regulation of secretion from the somata of the cell. DRG sparks arose mainly from type 3 ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels on subsurface cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, rendering a striking subsurface localization. Caffeine- or 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2-propynyl)xanthine-induced store Ca2+ release, in the form of Ca2+ sparks, triggered exocytosis, independently of membrane depolarization and external Ca2+. The spark-secretion coupling probability was estimated to be between 1 vesicle per 6.6 sparks and 1 vesicle per 11.4 sparks. During excitation, subsurface sparks were evoked by physiological Ca2+ entry via the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism, and their synergistic interaction with Ca2+ influx accounted for ?60% of the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. Furthermore, inhibition of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release abolished endotoxin-induced secretion of pain-related neuropeptides. These findings underscore an important role for Ca2+ sparks in the amplification of surface Ca2+ influx and regulation of neural secretion.
Ouyang, Kunfu; Zheng, Hui; Qin, Xiaomei; Zhang, Chen; Yang, Dongmei; Wang, Xian; Wu, Caihong; Zhou, Zhuan; Cheng, Heping
Nicotinic modulation of serotonergic activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
Cholinergic signaling mediated by nicotinic receptors has been associated to a large number of physiological and behavioral processes such as learning, memory, attention, food-intake and mood disorders. Although it is well established that many nicotinic actions are mediated through an increase in serotonin (5-HT) release, the physiological mechanisms by which nicotine produces these effects are still unclear. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contains the major amount of 5-HT neurons projecting to different parts of the brain. DRN also contains nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) located at somatic and presynaptic elements. Nicotine produces both inhibitory and excitatory effects on different subpopulations of 5-HT DRN neurons. In this review, we describe the presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms by which nicotine increases the excitability of DRN neurons as well as the subtypes of nAChRs involved. We also describe the inhibitory effects of nicotine and the role of 5-HT1A receptors in this effect. These nicotinic actions modulate the activity of different neuronal subpopulations in the DRN, changing the 5-HT tone in the brain areas where these groups of neurons project. Some of the physiological implications of nicotine-induced 5-HT release are discussed. PMID:24021594
Hernandez-Lopez, Salvador; Garduńo, Julieta; Mihailescu, Stefan
Bilateral spontaneous inter-trochanteric fractures of proximal femurs
INTRODUCTION Bilateral spontaneous inter-trochanteric fractures of the proximal femur are rare. We report an unusual case of bilateral intertrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur in a 92 year old lady. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 92 year old lady presented to us with one week history of pain in both hips and poor mobilisation. There was no history of mechanical fall. The initial plain films of the hips did not show any fractures and the diagnosis was made by MRI scans. She underwent bilateral fixation of the fractures with dynamic hip screws. After a period of rehabilitation she returned to the pre injury mobilisation status. DISCUSSION Bilateral spontaneous intertrochanteric fractures of the hip due to osteoporosis are not that common. These rare fractures are usually associated with major trauma, renal disease, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, long term corticosteroid treatment and epilepsy. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis with high index of suspicion and appropriate investigations are mandatory in the management of these fractures.
Rajeev, Aysha
Early deprivation impairs the development of balance and bilateral coordination.
This study examined balance and bilateral coordination skills in a sample of internationally adopted, post-institutionalized (PI) children. We compared the performance of these PI children to two age-matched groups. One was a group of children who were internationally adopted from foster care (FC). The second group consisted of non-adopted children being raised in their birth families, who served as controls (Control). Both PI and FC children scored lower than control children on balance, while PI children scored lower than both FC and control children on bilateral coordination. These results suggest that aspects of institutional rearing impact the development of bilateral coordination, while factors common to internationally adopted children other than institutionalization impact the development of balance. Region of birth (Asia, Latin/South America, Russia/Eastern Europe) did not moderate associations between institutional duration and bilateral coordination. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1110-1118, 2014. PMID:24014461
Roeber, Barbara J; Gunnar, Megan R; Pollak, Seth D
A case of bilateral tibial hemimelia type VIIa.
Congenital absence of tibia is a rare anomaly, and may be total or partial, unilateral or bilateral. Total absence is more frequent than partial, unilateral absence occurs more often than bilateral, with right limb more commonly affected than the left. In partial defect, almost always the distal end of the bone is affected, and of the bilateral cases, there may be total absence on both sides, or total on one side and partial on the other. Males are slightly more commonly affected than the females. Though, the family history is usually negative for congenital abnormalities and other diseases, there is a considerable chance of occurrence of congenital defect of the tibia or of other abnormalities, in near or remote relatives. We report a case of newborn having bilateral tibial hemimelia type VIIa. PMID:23901205
Chinnakkannan, Selvakumar; Das, Rashmi Ranjan; Rughmini, K; Ahmed, Sufath
A case of bilateral tibial hemimelia type VIIa
Congenital absence of tibia is a rare anomaly, and may be total or partial, unilateral or bilateral. Total absence is more frequent than partial, unilateral absence occurs more often than bilateral, with right limb more commonly affected than the left. In partial defect, almost always the distal end of the bone is affected, and of the bilateral cases, there may be total absence on both sides, or total on one side and partial on the other. Males are slightly more commonly affected than the females. Though, the family history is usually negative for congenital abnormalities and other diseases, there is a considerable chance of occurrence of congenital defect of the tibia or of other abnormalities, in near or remote relatives. We report a case of newborn having bilateral tibial hemimelia type VIIa.
Chinnakkannan, Selvakumar; Das, Rashmi Ranjan; Rughmini, K.; Ahmed, Sufath
Ophthalmoplegic migraine with alternating unilateral and bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia.
We describe a patient with ophthalmoplegic migraine and internal ophthalmoplegia with alternating unilateral involvement and bilateral involvement in whom brain MRI scan showed alternating gadolinium enhancement on the cisternal portion of the oculomotor nerve. PMID:17501857
Choi, Jeong-Yoon; Jang, Sang Hyun; Park, Moon Ho; Kim, Byung Jo; Lee, Dae Hie
Diagnostic Indexes of U.S. Bilateral Trade.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Using information contained in merchandise trade records, the author calculates measures of bilateral trade intensity to determine how well the United States competes in specific import markets and how much the United States depends on individual foreign ...
T. L. Vollrath
Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
An array of bilateral issues continues to affect relations between the United States and Syria: the course of Arab-Israeli talks; questions of arms proliferation; Syrian connections with terrorist activity; Syria s role in Lebanon; and Syria s opposition ...
A. B. Prados J. M. Sharp
Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
An array of bilateral issues continue to affect relations between the United States and Syria: the course of Arab-Israeli talks; questions of arms proliferation; Syrian connections with terrorist activity; Syria's role in Lebanon; and Syria's opposition t...
A. B. Prados
Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
An array of bilateral issues continue to affect relations between the United States and Syria: the course of Arab-Israeli talks: questions of arms proliferation: Syrian connections with terrorist activity: Syria's role ill Lebanon: and Syria's opposition ...
A. B. Prados
Bilateral choroidal metastasis from carcinoma of the submandibular gland.
Metastatic tumor is the most common uveal malignancy. However, choroidal metastasis from a salivary gland neoplasm is extremely rare. We report a case of bilateral, multifocal choroidal metastasis from carcinoma of the submandibular gland. PMID:18158413
John, Sheeja S; Horo, Saban; Braganza, Andrew D; Kuriakose, Thomas
[Peritoneal mesothelioma presented with bilateral hydronephrosis: a case report].
We report a case of peritoneal mesothelioma presenting with bilateral hydronephrosis, which was difficult to be diagnosed. A 43-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with acute renal failure. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral hydronephrosis. Retrograde pyelography revealed the stenosis of bilateral lower ureter. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated only a small mass lesion around the bilateral ureter. Other examinations showed no findings of malignancy. Under the diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis, steroid therapy was performed. After 3 months, computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple abdominal masses. Percutaneous needle biopsy of tumor was performed. Pathological diagnosis was peritoneal mesothelioma. Chemotherapy based on the pleural mesothelioma was done but not effective, she died 9 months after the first medical examination. PMID:16758726
Yoshida, Takahiro; Nishimura, Kensaku; Uemurai, Motohide; Harada, Yasunori; Kanno, Nobuhumi; Miyoshi, Susumu; Kawano, Kiyoshi
Bilateral versus unilateral thyroid eye disease
Aims: The aim of this study was to compare demographics, clinical manifestations, associated systemic and ocular factors, severity and activity of patients with unilateral thyroid eye disease (U-TED) versus bilateral thyroid eye disease (B-TED). Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, all patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism and primary hypothyroidism seen in an endocrinology clinic were included from September 2003 to July 2006. Demographics, complete eye examination, severity score (NOSPECS, total eye score), and clinical activity score were recorded and compared in the B-TED and U-TED groups of patients. Results: From 851 patients with thyroid disorders, 303 (35.6%) had TED. Thirty-two patients (32/ 303, 10.56%) were found to have U-TED. Patients with U-TED (mean age 31.6 ± 11.6 years) were significantly younger than patients with B-TED (mean age 37.7 ± 14.7 years). Monovariate analysis (Chi-square and independent sample t-test) showed a significantly higher severity score in B-TED (U-TED 4.09±4.05, B-TED: 6.7±6.3; P= 0.002) and more activity score in B-TED (U-TED= 1.03±0.96, B-TED: 1.74±1.6, P= 0.001). However, multivariate analysis did not show any significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, type of thyroid disease, duration of thyroid disease and TED, severity and activity of TED, smoking habit, and presentation of TED before or after the presentation of thyroid disease (0.1
Kashkouli, Mohsen Bahmani; Kaghazkanani, Reza; Heidari, Iraj; Ketabi, Nooshin; Jam, Sara; Azarnia, Shahrzad; Pakdel, Farzad
Bilateral thecoma presenting as premenopausal hirsutism: Laproscopic removal
Hyperandrogenism is a common disorder among women in the reproductive age group. One of the rare causes for androgen excess is sex cord- stromal tumors of the ovary. These are usually unilateral. Here we report case of a 48 year old woman who presented with hyperandrogenism due to bilateral ovarian thecoma. Androgen levels normalized following resection of the tumor. This, to the best of our knowledge, is the first case of bilateral thecoma presenting as hirsutism in a premenopausal woman.
Ramkumar, S.; Jyotsna, V. P.; Mallick, S.; Kachhawa, Garima; Kandasamy, D.; Kriplani, A.; Ammini, A. C.
Spontaneous Collapse of Bilateral Bullae with Conservative Management
We report a case of bilateral apical lung bullae that collapsed following an episode of community-acquired pneumonia with bilateral air fluid levels. With standard treatment for community-acquired pneumonia, management of a patient that may have qualified for bullectomy, (as in our case) showed complete resolution of all pathology without surgical intervention. Conservative management took precedence in alleviating pathology over surgical intervention.
Shariff, Masood A; Singh, Vijay A; Daniele, Edward D; Goyal, Nikhil; Peykova, Deliana; Nabagiez, John P; Rosell, Frank M
Presumed topiramate-induced bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma
PURPOSE: We describe a case of bilateral angle-closure glaucoma associated with oral topiramate therapy.METHODS: Interventional case report. Case report with echographic illustration.RESULTS: A 51-year-old man developed bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma 2 weeks after beginning topiramate therapy for bipolar affective disorder. Laser peripheral iridotomy was performed in the right eye without resolution of the acute attack. Echography revealed lens thickening and
James T Banta; Kara Hoffman; Donald L Budenz; Elizenda Ceballos; David S Greenfield
Prenatal bilateral extravaginal testicular torsion--a case presentation.
A newborn male presented at birth with findings consistent with bilateral testicular torsion. Preoperative ultrasound demonstrated no flow to either testicle, and he underwent surgery, during which bilateral extravaginal testicular torsion was confirmed. The right testicle was grossly necrotic and orchidectomy was performed, whereas the left testicle was indeterminate and underwent detorsion and orchidopexy. At 6-month follow-up, the left testicle remained within normal clinical limits with good flow on ultrasound examination. PMID:15459781
Sorensen, Mathew D; Galansky, Stanley H; Striegl, Amanda M; Koyle, Martin A
Bilateral necrotizing fasciitis of the breast following quadrantectomy
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare and highly lethal soft-tissue infection that involves the skin, subcutaneous tissue,\\u000a and fascia. Although it can affect any part of the body, the breast is seldom involved. We describe a case of bilateral NF\\u000a of the breast following elective quadrantectomy, successfully treated with antibiotics, bilateral mastectomy, and a vacuum-assisted\\u000a wound closure system.
Fernando A. Angarita; Sergio A. Acuna; Lilian Torregrosa; Mauricio Tawil; Elio F. Sánchez; Oscar Heilbron; Luis Carlos Domínguez
Laser arytenoidectomy in the treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis
The introduction of the CO2 surgical laser into laryngeal microsurgery has made resection of the posterior vocal cord together\\u000a with the arytenoid cartilage possible. Since November 1990, 30 arytenoidectomies, 17 partial cordectomies and 18 bilateral\\u000a cordectomies as described by Kashima were performed by means of a CO2 laser in patients with bilateral paralyses of the vocal cords. In this group
Z. Szmeja; J. G. Wójtowicz
CO 2 laser cordectomy for bilateral vocal-cord paralysis
Bilateral vocal-cord paralysis usually causes dyspnoea with inspiratory stridor. Most patients have a fairly satisfactory voice. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a series of 24 patients with bilateral vocal-cord paralysis treated by CO2 laser cordectomy during 1978–86. Breathing improved in 19 patients. In most of the patients, however, the voice worsened. If further surgery
Adriaan F. Holm; Bert Wouters; Jos J. M. Van Overbeek
Bilateral transient osteoporosis of the talus in pregnancy
Summary We present the case of bilateral transient osteoporosis of the talus in pregnancy, which is rarely reported in the medical\\u000a literature, confirmed by pre- and postpartum MRI.\\u000a \\u000a A gravid 33-year-old white female G4P2A1 with bilateral transient osteoporosis of the talus confirmed by magnetic resonance\\u000a imaging (MRI) is presented. She was conservatively managed and had clinical resolution several weeks postpartum.
R. S. Daniel; E. K. Farrar; H. R. Norton; A. I. Nussbaum
Bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the lateral femoral condyle following bilateral total removal of lateral discoid meniscus: a case report.
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the lateral femoral condyle sometimes occurs with a discoid lateral meniscus. Recently, it was reported that OCD of the lateral femoral condyle occurred after total removal of the lateral meniscus. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy with bilateral OCD of the lateral femoral condyle following bilateral total removal for discoid lateral meniscus. Valgus deviation of the knee after total removal and increased sporting activity might have concentrated excessive stress on the lateral condyles in the standing position. As a result, bilateral OCD might have occurred. Drilling of the areas of OCD on the bilateral lateral femoral condyles was done and the patient wore inner wedge arch supports postoperatively. After 2 years, neither knee pain nor arthrosis has occurred so far, but long-term follow-up of this patient is considered to be necessary. PMID:17985146
Hashimoto, Yusuke; Yoshida, Gen; Tomihara, Tomohiro; Matsuura, Takeshi; Satake, Shinji; Kaneda, Kunikazu; Shimada, Nagakazu
Making the most of the midbody remnant: specification of the dorsal-ventral axis.
In this issue of Developmental Cell, Singh and Pohl (2014) report that myosin II cortical flow and the midbody remnant participate in the specification of the C. elegans embryo dorsal-ventral axis. PMID:24525182
Pinheiro, Diana; Bellaďche, Yohanns
Human Dorsal Striatum Encodes Prediction Errors during Observational Learning of Instrumental Actions
The dorsal striatum plays a key role in the learning and expression of instrumental reward associations that are acquired through direct experience. However, not all learning about instrumental actions require direct experience. Instead, humans and other animals are also capable of acquiring instrumental actions by observing the experiences of others. In this study, we investigated the extent to which human dorsal striatum is involved in observational as well as experiential instrumental reward learning. Human participants were scanned with fMRI while they observed a confederate over a live video performing an instrumental conditioning task to obtain liquid juice rewards. Participants also performed a similar instrumental task for their own rewards. Using a computational model-based analysis, we found reward prediction errors in the dorsal striatum not only during the experiential learning condition but also during observational learning. These results suggest a key role for the dorsal striatum in learning instrumental associations, even when those associations are acquired purely by observing others.
Cooper, Jeffrey C.; Dunne, Simon; Furey, Teresa; O'Doherty, John P.
Pulsed forces timed by a ratchet-like mechanism drive directed tissue movement during dorsal closure.
Dorsal closure is a tissue-modeling process in the developing Drosophila embryo during which an epidermal opening is closed. It begins with the appearance of a supracellular actin cable that surrounds the opening and provides a contractile force. Amnioserosa cells that fill the opening produce an additional critical force pulling on the surrounding epidermal tissue. We show that this force is not gradual but pulsed and occurs long before dorsal closure starts. Quantitative analysis, combined with laser cutting experiments and simulations, reveals that tension-based dynamics and cell coupling control the force pulses. These constitutively pull the surrounding epidermal tissue dorsally, but the displacement is initially transient. It is translated into dorsal-ward movement only with the help of the actin cable, which acts like a ratchet, counteracting ventral-ward epidermis relaxation after force pulses. Our work uncovers a sophisticated mechanism of cooperative force generation between two major forces driving morphogenesis. PMID:19563762
Solon, Jerome; Kaya-Copur, Aynur; Colombelli, Julien; Brunner, Damian
Afferent Fibres to the Spinal Cord. The Terminal Distribution of Dorsal Root and Encephalospinal Axons.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The terminal distribution of cortical, tectal, rubral, vestibular, reticular and dorsal root axons was studied in the cat, utilizing the Nauta method. Massive fibre degeneration was found in (i) the ventral horn following destruction of the lateral vestib...
J. M. Petras
Temporal dynamics, spatial range, and transcriptional interpretation of the Dorsal morphogen gradient.
Dorsoventral pattern of Drosophila embryo is specified by the nuclear localization gradient of the transcription factor Dorsal. Genetic and genomic studies of this morphogen gradient provided important insights into spatial control of gene expression in development. Recent live imaging experiments revealed hitherto unappreciated dynamics of the Dorsal gradient and posed new questions about the mechanisms of its transcriptional interpretation. Some of these questions can be answered by models in which the morphogenetic capacity of the Dorsal gradient is potentiated by spatially uniform factors, such as Zelda, a transcription factor that plays a key role in the activation of zygotic transcription. Combinatorial effects of uniform and graded factors play an important role in the transcriptional and signaling cascades initiated by Dorsal and may explain differential positioning of gene expression borders by other morphogen gradients. PMID:22981910
Rushlow, Christine A; Shvartsman, Stanislav Y
Bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the lateral femoral condyle following bilateral total removal of lateral discoid meniscus: a case report
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the lateral femoral condyle sometimes occurs with a discoid lateral meniscus. Recently,\\u000a it was reported that OCD of the lateral femoral condyle occurred after total removal of the lateral meniscus. We report the\\u000a case of a 12-year-old boy with bilateral OCD of the lateral femoral condyle following bilateral total removal for discoid\\u000a lateral meniscus. Valgus deviation
Yusuke Hashimoto; Gen Yoshida; Tomohiro Tomihara; Takeshi Matsuura; Shinji Satake; Kunikazu Kaneda; Nagakazu Shimada
Dorsal Pentagonal Local Flap: A New Technique of Web Reconstruction for Syndactyly Without Skin Graft
Background Many techniques for web space reconstruction have been described over the years. However, few techniques are completely satisfactory\\u000a in terms of cosmetic requirement and functional recovery due to scar contracture, web creep, or conspicuous scarring resulting\\u000a from skin grafting or additional incisions on the dorsal palm. Based on the anatomy of the dorsal metacarpal artery, the authors\\u000a describe a local
Weiyang GaoHede; Hede Yan; Feng Zhang; Liangfu Jiang; Anyuan Wang; Jingquan Yang; Feiya Zhou
Differential contribution of electrically evoked dorsal root reflexes to peripheral vasodilatation and plasma extravasation
Background Dorsal root reflexes (DRRs) are antidromic activities traveling along the primary afferent fibers, which can be generated\\u000a by peripheral stimulation or central stimulation. DRRs are thought to be involved in the generation of neurogenic inflammation,\\u000a as indicated by plasma extravasation and vasodilatation. The hypothesis of this study was that electrical stimulation of the\\u000a central stump of a cut dorsal root
Oleg V Lobanov; Yuan B Peng
Fusion of Palm Dorsal Vein and Hand Geometry for Personal Identification Based on Linear Discriminant Analysis
A multi-modal biometric system based on palm dorsal vein and hand shape is proposed in this paper. Palm dorsal vein images are captured with an infra-red sensitive camera under near infra-red illumination. Gaussian matched filter is performed to extract vein patterns from Regions Of Interest (ROI) cropped from original images. As for hand shape features, width, height and triangle features
Wenjing Lu; Xinjun Qi; Chenghang Liu
Writer's cramp: increased dorsal premotor activity during intended writing.
Simple writer's cramp (WC) is a task-specific form of dystonia, characterized by abnormal movements and postures of the hand during writing. It is extremely task-specific, since dystonic symptoms can occur when a patient uses a pencil for writing, but not when it is used for sharpening. Maladaptive plasticity, loss of inhibition, and abnormal sensory processing are important pathophysiological elements of WC. However, it remains unclear how those elements can account for its task-specificity. We used fMRI to isolate cerebral alterations associated with the task-specificity of simple WC. Subjects (13 simple WC patients, 20 matched controls) imagined grasping a pencil to either write with it or sharpen it. On each trial, we manipulated the pencil's position and the number of imagined movements, while monitoring variations in motor output with electromyography. We show that simple WC is characterized by abnormally increased activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) when imagined actions are specifically related to writing. This cerebral effect was independent from the known deficits in dystonia in generating focal motor output and in processing somatosensory feedback. This abnormal activity of the PMd suggests that the task-specific element of simple WC is primarily due to alterations at the planning level, in the computations that transform a desired action outcome into the motor commands leading to that action. These findings open the way for testing the therapeutic value of interventions that take into account the computational substrate of task-specificity in simple WC, e.g. modulations of PMd activity during the planning phase of writing. PMID:22113948
Delnooz, Cathérine C S; Helmich, Rick C; Medendorp, W P; Van de Warrenburg, Bart P C; Toni, Ivan
Dorsal raphe neuroinflammation promotes dramatic behavioral stress dysregulation.
Impulsivity, risk-taking behavior, and elevated stress responsivity are prominent symptoms of mania, a behavioral state common to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Though inflammatory processes activated within the brain are involved in the pathophysiology of both disorders, the specific mechanisms by which neuroinflammation drives manic behavior are not well understood. Serotonin cell bodies originating within the dorsal raphe (DR) play a major role in the regulation of behavioral features characteristic of mania. Therefore, we hypothesized that the link between neuroinflammation and manic behavior may be mediated by actions on serotonergic neurocircuitry. To examine this, we induced local neuroinflammation in the DR by viral delivery of Cre recombinase into interleukin (IL)-1?(XAT) transgenic male and female mice, resulting in overexpressing of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1?. For assertion of brain-region specificity of these outcomes, the prefrontal cortex (PFC), as a downstream target of DR serotonergic projections, was also infused. Inflammation within the DR, but not the PFC, resulted in a profound display of manic-like behavior, characterized by increased stress-induced locomotion and responsivity, and reduced risk-aversion/fearfulness. Microarray analysis of the DR revealed a dramatic increase in immune-related genes, and dysregulation of genes important in GABAergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission. Behavioral and physiological changes were driven by a loss of serotonergic neurons and reduced output as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, demonstrating inflammation-induced serotonergic hypofunction. Behavioral changes were rescued by acute selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, supporting the hypothesis that serotonin dysregulation stemming from neuroinflammation in the DR underlies manic-like behaviors. PMID:24849347
Howerton, Alexis R; Roland, Alison V; Bale, Tracy L
Synaptic activation of bulbospongiosus motoneurons via dorsal gray commissural inputs.
Ejaculation is controlled by coordinated and rhythmic contractions of bulbospongiosus (BSM) and ischiocavernosus muscles. Motoneurons that innervate and control BSM contractions are located in the dorsomedial portion of the ventral horn in the L(5-6) spinal cord termed the dorsomedial (DM) nucleus. We characterized intrinsic properties of DM motoneurons as well as synaptic inputs from the dorsal gray commissure (DGC). Electrical stimulation of DGC fibers elicited fast inhibitory and excitatory responses. In the presence of glutamate receptor antagonists, both fast GABAergic as well as glycinergic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were recorded. No slow GABA(B)-mediated inhibition was evident. In the presence of GABA(A) and glycine receptor antagonists, DGC stimulation elicited fast glutamatergic excitatory responses that were blocked by application of CNQX. Importantly, a slow depolarization (timescale of seconds) was routinely observed that sufficiently depolarized the DM motoneurons to fire "bursts" of action potentials. This slow depolarization was elicited by a range of stimulus train frequencies and was insensitive to glutamate receptor antagonists (CNQX and d-APV). The slow depolarization was accompanied by an increase in membrane resistance with an extrapolated reversal potential near the K(+) Nernst potential. It was mediated by the combination of the block of a depolarization-activated K(+) current and the activation of a QX-314-sensitive cation current. These results demonstrate that fast synaptic responses in DM motoneurons are mediated primarily by glutamate, GABA, and glycine receptors. In addition, slow nonglutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), generated through DGC stimulation, can elicit burstlike responses in these neurons. PMID:23076107
Best, Tyler K; Marson, Lesley; Thor, Karl B; Burgard, Edward C
MEG identifies dorsal medial brain activations during sleep.
All sleep stages contain epochs with high-amplitude electrophysiological phasic events, alternating with quieter "core periods." High-amplitude and core state properties cannot be disentangled with PET and fMRI. Here from high temporal resolution magnetoencephalography data, regional changes in neuronal activity were extracted during core periods in different frequency bands for each sleep stage and waking. We found that gamma-band activity increases in precuneus during light sleep (stages 1/2) and in the left dorso-medial prefrontal cortex (L-DMPFC) during deep sleep (stages 3/4). The L-DMPFC activated area expands laterally during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, into a volume of about 5 cm(3) bounded by regions attributed to Theory of Mind (ToM) and default systems, both involved in introspection. Gamma band activity in this area was higher during REM sleep than other sleep stages and active wakefulness. There is a tantalizing correspondence between increased wide-band activity (dominated by low frequencies) in early non-REM (NREM) sleep stages and increases in gamma-band activity in late NREM and REM periods that we attribute to a lateral disinhibition mechanism. The results provide a description of regional electrophysiological changes in awake state, light and deep sleep, and REM sleep. These changes are most pronounced in the L-DMPFC and the other areas around the dorsal midline that are close to, but do not overlap with areas of the default and ToM systems, suggesting that the DMPFC, particularly in the left hemisphere, plays an important role in late NREM stages, in REM and possibly in dreaming. PMID:18950718
Ioannides, Andreas A; Kostopoulos, George K; Liu, Lichan; Fenwick, Peter B C
Purification and culture of adult rat dorsal root ganglia neurons.
To study the trophic requirements of adult rat dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRG) in vitro, we developed a purification procedure that yields highly enriched neuronal cultures. Forty to fifty ganglia are dissected from the spinal column of an adult rat. After enzymatic and mechanical dissociation of the ganglia, myelin debris are eliminated by centrifugation on a Percoll gradient. The resulting cell suspension is layered onto a nylon mesh with a pore size of 10 microns. Most of the neurons, the diameter of which ranged from 17 microns to greater than 100 microns, are retained on the upper surface of the sieve; most of the non-neuronal cells with a caliber of less than 10 microns after trypsinization go through it. Recovery of neurons is achieved by reversing the mesh onto a Petri dish containing culture medium. Neurons to non-neurons ratio is 1 to 10 in the initial cell suspension and 1 to 1 after separation. When these purified neurons are seeded at a density of 3,000 neurons/cm2 in 6 mm polyornithine-laminin (PORN-LAM) coated wells, neuronal survival (assessed by the ability to extend neurites), measured after 48 hr of culture, is very low (from 0 to 16%). Addition of nerve growth factor (NGF) does not improve neuronal survival. However, when neurons are cultured in the presence of medium conditioned (CM) by astrocytes or Schwann cells, 60-80% of the seeded, dye-excluding neurons survive. So, purified adult DRG neurons require for their short-term survival and regeneration in culture, a trophic support that is present in conditioned medium from PNS or CNS glia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:2754765
Delree, P; Leprince, P; Schoenen, J; Moonen, G
Antinociceptive tolerance to NSAIDs microinjected into dorsal hippocampus
Background Pain is characterized as a complex experience, dependent not only on the regulation of nociceptive sensory systems, but also on the activation of mechanisms that control emotional processes in limbic brain areas such as the amygdala and the hippocampus. Several lines of investigations have shown that in some brain areas, particularly the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter, rostral ventro-medial medulla, central nucleus of amygdala and nucleus raphe magnus, microinjections of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce antinociception with distinct development of tolerance. The present study was designed to examine whether microinjection of NSAIDs, clodifen, ketorolac and xefocam into the dorsal hippocampus (DH) leads to the development of antinociceptive tolerance in male rats. Methods The experiments were carried out on experimental and control (with saline) white male rats. Animals were implanted with a guide cannula in the DH and tested for antinociception following microinjection of NSAIDs into the DH in the tail-flick (TF) and hot plate (HP) tests. Repeated measures of analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests were used for statistical evaluations. Results We found that microinjection of these NSAIDs into the DH induces antinociception as revealed by a latency increase in the TF and HP tests compared to controls treated with saline into the DH. Subsequent tests on days 2 and 3, however, showed that the antinociceptive effect of NSAIDs progressively decreased, suggesting tolerance developed to this effect of NSAIDs. Both pretreatment and post-treatment with the opioid antagonist naloxone into the DH significantly reduced the antinociceptive effect of NSAIDs in both pain models. Conclusions Our results indicate that microinjection of NSAIDs into the DH induces antinociception which is mediated via the opioid system and exhibits tolerance.
Neurophysiological correlates of object recognition in the dorsal subiculum
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) encompasses a network of interconnected cortical areas that is considered the neural substrate for some types of memory, such as spatial, episodic, recognition, and associative memory. Within the MTL, the subiculum has been well characterized in terms of its connectivity and structure, but its functional role remains elusive. A long-held view is that the subiculum is mainly involved in spatial encoding because it exhibits spatially selective firing and receives prominent projections from the CA1 field, which is an essential substrate for spatial memory. However, the dorsal subiculum (DS) is also reciprocally connected to the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices, which are critically involved in recognition memory. This connectivity pattern suggests that DS might encode not only spatial signals but also recognition signals. Here, we examined this hypothesis by recording with multi-electrodes in DS and CA1 of freely behaving mice, as they performed the novel object recognition (NOR) task. Analysis of network oscillations revealed that theta power was significantly higher in DS when mice explored novel objects as compared to familiar objects and that this theta modulation was absent in CA1. We also found significant differences in coherence between DS and CA1, in the theta and gamma bands, depending on whether mice examined objects or engaged in spatial exploration. Furthermore, single-unit recordings revealed that DS cells did not exhibit phase-locked firing to theta and differed from CA1 place cells in that they had multiple peaks of spatially selective firing. We also detected DS units that were responsive specifically to novel object exploration, indicating that a subset of DS neurons were tuned to novelty during the NOR task. We have thus identified clear neurophysiological correlates for recognition within the DS, at the network and single-unit levels, strongly suggesting that it participates in encoding recognition-related signals.
Chang, Eric H.; Huerta, Patricio T.
Serotoninergic dorsal raphe neurons possess functional postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Very few neurons in the telencephalon have been shown to express functional postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), among them, the noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons. However, there is no evidence for postsynaptic nAChRs on serotonergic neurons. In this study, we asked if functional nAChRs are present in serotonergic (5-HT) and nonserotonergic (non-5-HT) neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). In rat midbrain slices, field stimulation at the tegmental pedunculopontine (PPT) nucleus evoked postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) with different components in DRN neurons. After blocking the glutamatergic and GABAergic components, the remaining eEPSCs were blocked by mecamylamine and reduced by either the selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) or the selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-eritroidine (DHbetaE). Simultaneous addition of MLA and DHbetaE blocked all eEPSCs. Integrity of the PPT-DRN pathway was assessed by both anterograde biocytin tracing and antidromic stimulation from the DRN. Inward currents evoked by the direct application of acetylcholine (ACh), in the presence of atropine and tetrodotoxin, consisted of two kinetically different currents: one was blocked by MLA and the other by DHbetaE; in both 5-HT and non-5-HT DR neurons. Analysis of spontaneous (sEPSCs) and evoked (eEPSCs) synaptic events led to the conclusion that nAChRs were located at the postsynaptic membrane. The possible implications of these newly described nAChRs in various physiological processes and behavioral events, such as the wake-sleep cycle, are discussed. PMID:18512214
Galindo-Charles, Luis; Hernandez-Lopez, Salvador; Galarraga, Elvira; Tapia, Dagoberto; Bargas, José; Garduńo, Julieta; Frías-Dominguez, Carmen; Drucker-Colin, René; Mihailescu, Stefan
Neurochemical Characterization of the Tree Shrew Dorsal Striatum
The striatum is a major component of the basal ganglia and is associated with motor and cognitive functions. Striatal pathologies have been linked to several disorders, including Huntington's, Tourette's syndrome, obsessive–compulsive disorders, and schizophrenia. For the study of these striatal pathologies different animal models have been used, including rodents and non-human primates. Rodents lack on morphological complexity (for example, the lack of well defined caudate and putamen nuclei), which makes it difficult to translate data to the human paradigm. Primates, and especially higher primates, are the closest model to humans, but there are ever-increasing restrictions to the use of these animals for research. In our search for a non-primate animal model with a striatum that anatomically (and perhaps functionally) can resemble that of humans, we turned our attention to the tree shrew. Evolutionary genetic studies have provided strong data supporting that the tree shrews (Scadentia) are one of the closest groups to primates, although their brain anatomy has only been studied in detail for specific brain areas. Morphologically, the tree shrew striatum resembles the primate striatum with the presence of an internal capsule separating the caudate and putamen, but little is known about its neurochemical composition. Here we analyzed the expression of calcium-binding proteins, the presence and distribution of the striosome and matrix compartments (by the use of calbindin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and acetylcholinesterase immunohistochemistry), and the GABAergic system by immunohistochemistry against glutamic acid decarboxylase and Golgi impregnation. In summary, our results show that when compared to primates, the tree shrew dorsal striatum presents striking similarities in the distribution of most of the markers studied, while presenting some marked divergences when compared to the rodent striatum.
Rice, Matthew W.; Roberts, Rosalinda C.; Melendez-Ferro, Miguel; Perez-Costas, Emma
fusilli, an essential gene with a maternal role in Drosophila embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning.
The Drosophila fusilli (fus) gene was identified in a genetic screen for dominant maternal enhancers of an unusual dorsalizing mutation in the cactus gene, cact(E10). While females that are heterozygous for the cact(E10) allele produce embryos with wild-type dorsal-ventral patterning, more than 90% of the embryos produced by females that are heterozygous for both cact(E10) and the fus(1) mutation are weakly dorsalized. Loss of fusilli activity causes lethality during embryogenesis but not dorsal-ventral patterning defects, indicating that fusilli is important in more than one developmental process. The fusilli gene encodes a protein with RNA binding motifs related to those in mammalian hnRNP F and H, which play roles in regulated RNA splicing. The fusilli RNA is not present in the oocyte or early embryo, and germ-line clones of fusilli mutations have no maternal effect on dorsal-ventral patterning, indicating that the fusilli maternal effect does not depend on germ-line expression of the gene. Because the fusilli RNA is present in ovarian follicle cells, we propose that fusilli acts downstream of the Drosophila EGF receptor to control the biogenesis of follicle cell transcripts that control the initial dorsal-ventral asymmetry of the embryo. PMID:11133153
Wakabayashi-Ito, N; Belvin, M P; Bluestein, D A; Anderson, K V
The dorsal neural tube: a dynamic setting for cell fate decisions.
The dorsal neural tube first generates neural crest cells that exit the neural primordium following an epithelial-to-mesenchymal conversion to become sympathetic ganglia, Schwann cells, dorsal root sensory ganglia, and melanocytes of the skin. Following the end of crest emigration, the dorsal midline of the neural tube becomes the roof plate, a signaling center for the organization of dorsal neuronal cell types. Recent lineage analysis performed before the onset of crest delamination revealed that the dorsal tube is a highly dynamic region sequentially traversed by fate-restricted crest progenitors. Furthermore, prospective roof plate cells were shown to originate ventral to presumptive crest and to progressively relocate dorsalward to occupy their definitive midline position following crest delamination. These data raise important questions regarding the mechanisms of cell emigration in relation to fate acquisition, and suggest the possibility that spatial and/or temporal information in the dorsal neural tube determines initial segregation of neural crest cells into their derivatives. In addition, they emphasize the need to address what controls the end of neural crest production and consequent roof plate formation, a fundamental issue for understanding the separation between central and peripheral lineages during development of the nervous system. PMID:20683859
Krispin, Shlomo; Nitzan, Erez; Kalcheim, Chaya
Membrane mineralocorticoid but not glucocorticoid receptors of the dorsal hippocampus mediate the rapid effects of corticosterone on memory retrieval.
This study was aimed at determining the type of the glucocorticoid membrane receptors (mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) or glucocorticoid receptors (GRs)) in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) involved in the rapid effects of corticosterone or stress on memory retrieval. For that purpose, we synthesized corticosterone-3-O-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate (Cort-3CMO-BSA) conjugate (a high MW complex that cannot cross the cell membrane) totally devoid of free corticosterone, stable in physiological conditions. In a first experiment, we evidenced that an acute stress (electric footshocks) induced both a dHPC corticosterone rise measured by microdialysis and memory retrieval impairment on delayed alternation task. Both the endocrinal and cognitive effects of stress were blocked by metyrapone (a corticosterone synthesis inhibitor). In a second experiment, we showed that bilateral injections of either corticosterone or Cort-3CMO-BSA in dHPC 15 min before memory testing produced impairments similar to those resulting from acute stress. Furthermore, we showed that anisomycin (a protein synthesis inhibitor) failed to block the deleterious effect of Cort-3CMO-BSA on memory. In a third experiment, we evidenced that intra-hippocampal injection of RU-28318 (MR antagonist) but not of RU-38486 (GR antagonist) totally blocked the Cort-3CMO-BSA-induced memory retrieval deficit. In a fourth experiment, we demonstrated that RU-28318 administered 15 min before stress blocked the stress-induced memory impairments when behavioral testing occurred 15 min but not 60 min after stress. Overall, this study provides strong in vivo evidence that the dHPC membrane GRs, mediating the rapid and non-genomic effects of acute stress on memory retrieval, are of MR but not GR type. PMID:21814189
Dorey, Rodolphe; Piérard, Christophe; Shinkaruk, Svitlana; Tronche, Christophe; Chauveau, Frédéric; Baudonnat, Mathieu; Béracochéa, Daniel
Dorsal Hippocampal Regulation of Memory Reconsolidation Processes that Facilitate Drug Context-induced Cocaine-seeking Behavior in Rats
Exposure to a cocaine-paired context increases the propensity for relapse in cocaine users and prompts cocaine-seekin