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5 1/2 x 8, 216 pages
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Best Erotic Romance Series
Can't Get Enough
What happens when love meets sex? Erotic love is that delicious blend of hearts and minds and bodies, a combination of sweet and intimate, surging and sensual. Sex by itself—hot, steamy, passionate sex—is one of the best things this life has to offer. And truly, so is love: first love, new love, love that has stood the test of time, love that has conquered every obstacle. These incendiary stories open a window into new relationships, such as Jeanette Grey's yoga-bound characters in "Teach Me," and long-term relationships like Dominic Santi's happily (and lustily) married husband and wife in "Kiss of Peace." Each of these masterfully written tales contains the essence of true romance: a central love story and an emotionally-satisfying, optimistic ending. Award-winning romance writer and editor Kristina Wright, with her cast of terrific romance authors, have crafted stories that touch the hearts and minds of readers, and can inspire real-life couples.
With contributed stories by Heidi Champa, Teresa Noelle Roberts, Catherine Paulssen, Donna George Storey, Jeanette Grey, Geneva King, Kate Pearce, Erobintica, Kristina Lloyd, Victoria Blisse, Torrance Sené, A.M. Hartnett, Nina Reyes, Crystal Jordan, Dominic Santi, Nikki Magennis, and Kristina Wright.
"These writers take us right into the heart of a relationship... They perfectly understand the intersection of the physical and the emotional. Savor and enjoy." —From the foreword by Saskia Walker
KRISTINA WRIGHT is an award-winning author whose erotica and erotic romance fiction has appeared in over 75 anthologies. She has also edited many paranormal romance anthologies, including Fairy Tale Lust, Steamlust, and Dream Lover. She lives in Chesapeake, VA. Saskia Walker lives in Yorkshire, U.K.
Don't miss these new audio books, which are available on Amazon.com and Audible.com!
Fairy Tale Sex, Never Say Never, Women with Handcuffs, Can't Get Enough, Wicked, Bound by Lust.
Cleis Press and Viva Editions is seeking an editorial and marketing intern to help our dynamic publishing team. Interested? Find our application guidelines here.
Browse through our Fall 2014 catalog!
In celebration of Pride month, we kicked off a brand new project we called Out Writers. Join us—and a tide of queer voices—in celebrating the importance of LGBTQ writing on #OutWriters. Our own publisher Brenda Knight shares her story of starting at Cleis Press in the introduction to Best Gay Romance 2013.
Want your story published in one of our anthologies? Our editors are always looking for new work! Check out open submissions here, and please follow the editor's guidelines when submitting.
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Capitation again seems on track to displace fee-for-service as the industry's predominant payment model. Unlike in the 1990s, the casualties may be the providers that cannot adapt.
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Capitation once again seems on track to displace fee-for-service as the industry's predominant payment model. Unlike in the 1990s, the casualties may be the providers that cannot adapt, not the payment methodology.
FASB Accounting Standards Update 2010-24 changes how healthcare entities present medical malpractice liabilities on financial statements.
Four industry leaders share the ways in which business development is changing in an era of reform—and how CFOs and other healthcare leaders should prepare.
One organization's long experience as an accountable care organization shows that accountable care can be successful, not only in improving population health, but also financially.
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Film Clips: Oct. 15
Apparently every generation needs its own version of William ShakespeareŌĆÖs Romeo and Juliet,Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre and now Steven KingŌĆÖs Carrie. Or, Hollywood was hankering for Chlo├½ Grace Moretz to get her own coming-of-age film, making the transition from child vigilante or vampire, to hormonal teenŌĆöa creature scarier than ever. Born with telekinetic powers, CarrieŌĆÖs strange behavior makes her an outcast at school, while at home she endures an emotionally abusive mother (Julianne Moore). CarrieŌĆÖs thrilled when sheŌĆÖs asked to the prom, but neither her mom nor the mean kids are going to let her enjoy it. ThatŌĆÖs too bad since Carrie canŌĆÖt control her telekinetic powers when she gets upset, and theyŌĆÖre about to make her very, very upset. (Lisa Miller)
Escape Plan R
Deceived and wrongly incarcerated, itŌĆÖs a good thing that Ray Breslin (Sylvester Stallone) is a foremost authority on structural security because heŌĆÖs been dumped in an ultra high-tech facility nicknamed ŌĆ£The Tomb,ŌĆØ by a super baddie (Jim Caviezel). In order to accomplish a daring escape plan and bring his persecutors to justice, Breslin befriends, then recruits, German inmate Emil Rottmayer (Arnold Schwarzenegger). Between their rippling muscles and snarky one-liners, this pair of senior action stars sets out to prove that 60 is the new 30ŌĆöor maybe 40. (L.M.)
Wadjda PG
Much like 10-year old schoolgirls anywhere, Wadjda likes pop music, teases the boys and stakes her boundaries through small acts of disobedience. But she lives in Saudi Arabia, where boundaries for girls are tightly drawn and strictly enforced. Directed by pioneering Saudi female filmmaker Haifaa Al-Mansour, and filmed inside the kingdom, Wadjda is a rare and candid look at womenŌĆÖs roles inside that country. The enterprising Wadjda is scraping money together to buy a bike, but girls are discouraged from riding bicycles in a land of double standards and countless obstacles. While charmingly acted and hopeful in tone, Wadjda doesnŌĆÖt smooth the sharp edges from the many dilemmas of womanhood in a place where a 10-year-old girl could be married off to a 20-year-old boy. (David Luhrssen)


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*Check eligibility to see cards you are eligible for
Extreme convenience, unmatched benefits and jaw-dropping discounts await you with each HDFC Bank credit card. Explore a world of exciting features and benefits with a wide array of credit cards from HDFC Bank.
The inception of Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited, later known as HDFC Bank came about in the year 1994 when RBI decided to liberalize the Indian Banking Industry. A private sector bank, it set up its first registered office in Mumbai and started operations as a Scheduled Commercial Bank in the year 1995. With its commendable and flawless track record in the country as well as abroad, the bank has made its way steadily as a trusted and respected market leader in the banking industry, with more than a million dwelling units in its outstanding loan portfolio. HDFC bank boasts of a strong network of more than 3400 branches, and 11250 ATM centres in 2171 cities, wherein every branch is inter-connected to another online on a real-time basis.
Customers also enjoy telephone banking privileges in more than 1350 cities with the bank. When it comes to technology, the bank is miles ahead in all possible milestones, whether it's advanced communication systems or state-of-art infrastructure required for it to be a world class bank. Every single HDFC Bank branch has online connectivity and multi-branch access points are offered to retail customers to enable them to transfer and receive funds in a quick and effortless manner.
HDFC Bank offers a wide array of credit cards as well to match the needs and requirements of its customers from different walks of life. Whether it is cashback you are looking for over your purchases, discounts offers for the places you regularly visit, frequent flier miles for reduced prices for your frequent travels, or simply looking for promotional offers on various commodities, you can choose the from the various HDFC Credit Card options to suit your entertainment and lifestyle preferences.
BankBazaar.com can assist you in your quest to find the right card. All you need to do is browse through the various credit cards available by different banks and financial institutions and compare the credit cards for different features like credit limit, features, discount offers etc. That's not all – once you've zeroed upon the right credit card, BankBazaar also helps you apply for the same online via their website, free of cost and from the convenience of your home. Just fill in an online application form and submit the same, and BankBazaar would intimate you once the lender responds to the application.
Get reward points for every Rs.150 you spend. Accumulate the Reward Points and redeem them as Cashback against the outstanding amount on your Credit Card. Redeem your Reward Points for exciting gifts & air miles from an exclusive rewards catalogue, at the applicable redemption rate.
Read in detail about the Titanium Edge Credit Card.
This card gives you tons of reasons to dine out. Enjoy 50% more reward points when you dine. Now every meal will be more rewarding. Spend Rs. 75,000 in a year and get waiver of next year's annual membership fee. It offers you well deserved rest, refreshments and the use of facilities like phones, fax, internet access and conference rooms. You will surely find it useful to relieve travel fatigue and escape airport chaos.
Read in detail about the Superia Credit Card.
Find the best prices and super deals on your flight tickets, hotel bookings and movie tickets with ease on our online Travel & Entertainment Portal. Now you can enjoy a complimentary Taj Epicure Plus Membership Card that entitles you to some very exquisite benefits at Taj Hotels and Resorts. We provide you excellent insurance cover - Accidental Death. Enjoy up to 50 days of interest free credit and manage your payments at your convenience.
Read in detail about the Regalia Credit Card.
This card offers you a complimentary Priority Pass membership that allows you preferential access to more than 600 airport lounges around the world. Enjoy complete freedom from fuel surcharge when you purchase fuel between Rs. 400 and Rs. 5000 across all fuel stations in India. You can avail up to 3 Add-on cards for your immediate family members to share the joy of owning this card.
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One stop shop for your car rental, limousine referral and assistance. Complimentary glass of wine, other 'welcome' drink or a complimentary dessert when the reservation is booked through the concierge service. Exclusive lounge experience at our dedicated lounges in Mumbai and New Delhi airports. Also double reward points on grocery, supermarket purchases, dining and airline ticketing.
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Gain access to select Golf Clubs in India as a Green Fee player with Green Fees hosted for you as per the program. Exclusive Lodging offers from Taj Luxury Vivanta and The Gateway Properties. Access unique, luxury stay experiences with Small Luxury Hotels of the World. Enjoy complete freedom from fuel surcharge when you purchase fuel above Rs. 400 across all fuel stations. Premium Diners Club Miles Exchange Program @ 1 Reward Point = 1 AirMile on Select Domestic and International Airlines.
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Enjoy Revolving Credit on your Credit Card at an interest rate of 3.25% per month. You can now enjoy reduced foreign currency markup fees of 2.5%. If you lose your card, report it immediately to our 24-hour call centre. After reporting the loss, you have zero liability on any fraudulent transactions made with your card. Rs. 1 crore compensation cover would be received by your nominated next of kin in case of death in an air accident.
Read in detail about the Diners Premium Credit Card.
Spend Rs. 1,50,000 on your JetPrivilege HDFC Bank Titanium Credit Card within 12 months of the card setup date or within 12 months of card renewal date and get the renewal fee for the next year waived off*. Earn One Jet Airways Award Tickets to Dubai. Sit back and relax while you are waiting at airports in India with MasterCard Lounge Program.
Read in detail about the Jetprivilege HDFC Bank Titanium Credit Card.
The card will entitle the cardholders to enjoy a wide bouquet of lifestyle benefits. Embark on your exciting journey with one complimentary Jet Airways Ticket. An Accelerated JPMiles Earning Programme with a strong and wide network of partners through which you can earn EXTRA JPMiles.You are instantly eligible to enjoy the benefits of this programme and your card enabled to accrue EXTRA JPMiles.
Read in detail about the Jetprivilege HDFC Bank Platinum Credit Card.
A credit card is a useful tool, when managed judiciously but a lurking danger if you mismanage it. One of the first things you need to keep in mind, is read the term and conditions when you apply for a credit card. It could be a laborious process but something that has to be dealt with, to protect yourself from any rude surprises that might be in store for you in times like this.Read more
12th July 2014
Use chip based credit cards. These cards offer better security than credit cards with black magnetic stripes. This is because in a chip based card, all information is stored in the small chip in encrypted format and it also uses a PIN. Read more
19th April 2010
Sachin had been working as a sales executive for a long time when he decided to get a credit card for himself. He loved partying but after a tiring month at work, he usually ran out of cash. This was one of the major reasons why he decided to opt for a credit card. Read more
17th April 2014
Notorious as being impulsive shoppers and spendthrifts, the fact that women are able to manage homes with limited resources and multi tasking with the available finances is often ignored. Recent surveys have shown that women are less likely to default on their debts compared to males and are generally responsible spenders if given a free hand. Read more
17th March 2014
Cobranded credit cards work on brand partnership, when two companies form an alliance to work together, creating marketing synergy. For e.g. : Citibank credit card and Shopper's Stop have an alliance. They are credit cards, which are associated with particular airlines, travel or retail outlet. Read more
22nd May 2012


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The total value of remittances has been increasing steadily over the past decade and the World Bank estimates that remittances totalled USD 440 billion in 2010, of which USD 325 billion went to developing countries, involving some 192 million migrants or 3.0% of world population. For some individual recipient countries, remittances can be as high as a third of GDP. Remittances also now account for about a third of total global external finance; moreover, the flow of remittances seems to be significantly more stable than other forms of external finance.
In many cases, the cost to consumers of these remittance transactions is expensive relative to the often low incomes of migrant workers, the amounts sent (typically no more than a few hundred dollars or its equivalent at a time), and the income of remittance recipients. Therefore, any reduction in remittance transfer price would result in more money remaining in the pockets of migrants and their families, and would have a significant effect on the income levels of remittance families. Indeed, if the cost of sending remittances could be reduced by 5 percentage points relative to the value sent, remittance recipients in developing countries would receive over $16 billion dollars more each year than they do now. This added income could then provide remittance recipients more opportunity for consumption, savings, and investment in local economies.
Remittance prices are high for many reasons, including underdeveloped financial infrastructure in some countries, limited competition, regulatory obstacles, lack of access to the banking sector by remittance senders and/or receivers, and difficulties for migrants to obtain the necessary identification documentation to enter the financial mainstream.
However, the single most important factor leading to high remittance prices is a lack of transparency in the market. It is difficult for consumers to compare prices because there are several variables that compose remittance prices. Prices for remittances are frequently made up of a fee charged for sending a certain amount, a margin taken on the exchange rate when remittances are paid and received in different currencies, and, at times, a fee charged to the recipient of the funds. These fee components may also vary according to how the receiver is paid (i.e. cash or by crediting an account), the speed of the transfer, and the ability of the sender to provide information about the recipient (i.e. bank account number).
In addition, a lack of transparency in the market has had the impact of reducing competition, as consumers tend to patronize traditional market players because they are not aware of other players, and/or cannot compare the services they usually buy against other product.(back to top)


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Definition of False Report of a Crime
The definition of "False Police Report" or False Report of a Crime is contained in Chapter 817 of the Florida Statutes. Under Section 817.49, it is a criminal offense for a person to willfully and knowingly give false information or make a false report regarding the commission of an alleged crime where the alleged crime did not actually occur. False Report of a Crime is distinguished from the offense of Giving False Information Concerning the Commission of a Crime in that, under Section 817.49, no crime actually takes place.
To prove the offense of False Report at trial, the prosecution must establish the following four elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
- The accused willfully gave or said (or caused to be given or said) false information or a false report about the commission of an alleged crime in Florida;
- The accused knew the information or report was false because no such crime had actually been committed;
- The information or report was given or said (or caused to given or said) to a law enforcement officer; and
- The accused knew or should have known that the person to whom the information or report was given was a law enforcement / police officer.
Penalties for False Report
Under Florida Statutes, Chapter 817, False Police Report or False Report of a Crime is a first degree misdemeanor. As such, the offense carries penalties of up to 1 year in jail or 12 months of probation, and a $1,000.00 fine.
Defenses to False Report
There are many defenses available under Florida law to contest a charge of False Report or False Report of a Crime. Often, law enforcement, in investigating an incident, will jump to conclusions and take one person's side over another. In their haste to arrest someone, they may pursue charges against the person they chose not to believe. Where there is contrary evidence supporting a person's side of the story, this may put into contention whether the report was in fact false.
Even if the report turns out to be false, the prosecution must establish that the accused knew that the information contained in the report was false. Where the accused was simply mistaken, given misinformation by someone else, or misconstrued the situation, this will provide a powerful defense.
Moreover, even if the information is false, and even if the accused knew it was false, the information or report must be given or made to a law enforcement officer, not a bystander or other person. Thus there often defenses where the accused did not know the person was a police officer, or did not intend the information they gave to reach the hands of officers.
If you have been accused of making a false police report, or false report to law enforcement regarding the commission of a crime, contact Hussein & Webber, PL to discuss your legal options. All consultations with our Jacksonville Criminal Attorney are free and confidential.


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A BMW M5 with Competition Package driven by Australian race car driver Geoff Brabham takes on a BMW HP4 superbike ridden by superbike racer Glenn Allerton.
A lucky BIMMERPOST member has taken delivery of his limited production M5 in Santorini Blue.
This was part of a limited run of M5/M6 made available in Canada, in Frozen Black and Santorini Blue II. They also included black kidney grilles, side markers, door handles and 20″ wheels. On top of this, they added M Performance Titanium Exhaust.
We'll have a chance to sit down with the M3/M4 Project Manager at the 2014 New York Auto Show next week, so if you still have any questions on the M3/M4, please let us know here and we'll try to get answers.
Check out this Arkym equipped M6 Gran Coupe, featuring:
Akrapovic Evolution Titanium Exhaust System
Arkym Carbon Fiber AeroSport Front Lip Spoiler
Arkym Carbon Fiber AeroSport Rear Diffuser
Arkym Carbon Fiber AeroSport Side Skirts
Arkym Carbon Fiber AeroSport Trunk Spoiler
BC Forged 21″ BE Series Wheel Set
BMW M Performance Carbon Fiber Center Diffuser
H&R Sport Lowering Springs
IND Painted Cosmetic Pacakge
More photos of the BMW M4 Safety Car, this time with interior and undercarriage (BMW M Performance Exhaust) photos.
Finally, some more looks at the F80 M3 in Mineral White. This particular car is equipped with M Carbon Ceramic Brakes and a sunroof (no carbon fiber roof).
Remember these beautiful wallpapers featuring a white M4 driven by Bruno Spengler? Here's a behind-the-scenes video which gives us some more glimpses at the M4 coupe in white.
The BMW M4 Safety Car is current at BMW of Austin being prepared for duty at the MotoGP of Austin Race at the Circuit of the Americas on April 11-13.
Check out some photos and videos of the M4 revving its BMW M Performance Exhaust.
The BMW M4 Coupé Safety Car equipped with the BMW M Performance titanium exhaust system.
Best look at yet a preproduction BMW M4 Coupe in Sakhir Orange!
We have added more videos of the BMW M4 Convertible.
The F83 M4 Convertible has just been announced. See announcement at: http://f80.bimmerpost.com/forums/sho…d.php?t=967009
How does it compare in looks and stats to the E93 M3 predecessor? Have a look inside.


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Find records of Rosa Hatfield
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Possible Relatives
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
|John Calvin
|Calvinism portal
|John Calvin
|Calvinism portal
Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians. Calvinists broke with the Roman Catholic Church but differed with Lutherans on the real presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper, theories of worship, and the use of God's law for believers, among other things.[1][2]
Calvinism can be a misleading term because the religious tradition it denotes is and has always been diverse, with a wide range of influences rather than a single founder. The movement was first called "Calvinism" by Lutherans who opposed it, and many within the tradition would prefer to use the word Reformed.[3][4] Since the Arminian controversy, the Reformed (as a branch of Protestantism distinguished from Lutheranism) are divided into Arminians and Calvinists, however it is now rare to call Arminians Reformed, as many see these two schools of thought as opposed, making the terms Calvinist and Reformed synonymous.[5][6]
While the Reformed theological tradition addresses all of the traditional topics of Christian theology, the word Calvinism is sometimes used to refer to particular Calvinist views on soteriology and predestination, which are summarized in part by the five points of Calvinism. Some have also argued that Calvinism as a whole stresses the sovereignty or rule of God in all things – in salvation but also in all of life.
Early influential Reformed theologians include John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli, Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger, Peter Martyr Vermigli, Theodore Beza, and John Knox. In the twentieth century, Abraham Kuyper, Herman Bavinck, B. B. Warfield, Karl Barth, and Cornelius Van Til were influential, while contemporary Reformed theologians include J. I. Packer, R. C. Sproul, N. T. Wright,[7] Timothy J. Keller, Alister McGrath, John Piper, and Michael Horton.
The biggest Reformed association is the World Communion of Reformed Churches with more than 80 million members in 211 member denominations around the world.[8][9] There are more conservative Reformed federations like the World Reformed Fellowship and the International Conference of Reformed Churches, as well as independent churches.
First-generation Reformed theologians include Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531), Martin Bucer (1491–1551), Wolfgang Capito (1478–1541), John Oecolampadius (1482–1531), and Guillaume Farel (1489–1565). These reformers came from diverse academic backgrounds, but later distinctives of Reformed theology can already be detected in their thought, especially the priority of scripture as a source of authority. Scripture was also viewed as a unified whole, which led to a covenantal theology of the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper as visible signs of the covenant of grace. Another Reformed distinctive present in these theologians was their denial of the bodily presence of Christ in the Lord's supper. Each of these theologians also understood salvation to be by grace alone, and affirmed a doctrine of particular election (the teaching that some people are chosen by God for salvation). Martin Luther and his successor Philipp Melanchthon were undoubtedly significant influences on these theologians, and to a larger extent later Reformed theologians. The doctrine of justification by faith alone was a direct inheritance from Luther.[10]
John Calvin (1509–64), Heinrich Bullinger (1504–75), Wolfgang Musculus (1497–1563), Peter Martyr Vermigli (1500–62), and Andreas Hyperius (1511–64) belong to the second generation of Reformed theologians. Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536–59) was one of the most influential theologies of the era.[11] Toward the middle of the 16th century, the Reformed began to commit their beliefs to confessions of faith, which would shape the future definition of the Reformed faith. The 1549 Consensus Tigurinus brought together those who followed Zwingli and Bullinger's memorialist theology of the Lord's supper, which taught that the supper simply serves as a reminder of Christ's death, and Calvin's view that the supper serves as a means of grace with Christ actually present, though spiritually rather than bodily. The document demonstrates the diversity as well as unity in early Reformed theology. The remainder of the 16th century saw an explosion of confessional activity. The stability and breadth of Reformed theology during this period stand in marked contrast to the bitter controversy experienced by Lutherans prior to the 1579 Formula of Concord.[12]
Due to Calvin's missionary work in France, his programme of reform eventually reached the French-speaking provinces of the Netherlands. Calvinism was adopted in the Electoral Palatinate under Frederick III, which led to the formulation of the Heidelberg Catechism in 1563. This and the Belgic Confession were adopted as confessional standards in the first synod of the Dutch Reformed Church in 1571. Leading divines, either Calvinist or those sympathetic to Calvinism, settled in England (Martin Bucer, Peter Martyr, and Jan Łaski) and Scotland (John Knox). During the English Civil War, the Calvinistic Puritans produced the Westminster Confession, which became the confessional standard for Presbyterians in the English-speaking world. Having established itself in Europe, the movement continued to spread to other parts of the world including North America, South Africa, and Korea.[13]
Calvin did not live to see the foundation of his work grow into an international movement; but his death allowed his ideas to break out of their city of origin, to succeed far beyond their borders, and to establish their own distinct character.[14]
Although much of Calvin's work was in Geneva, his publications spread his ideas of a "correctly" reformed church to many parts of Europe. In Switzerland some cantons are still Reformed and some are Catholic. Calvinism became the theological system of the majority in Scotland (see John Knox), the Netherlands, with men such as William Ames, T. J. Frelinghuysen and Wilhelmus à Brakel and parts of Germany (especially those adjacent to the Netherlands) with the likes of Olevianus and his colleague Zacharias Ursinus. In Hungary and then independent Transylvania Calvinism was a significant religion. In the 16th century the Reformation gained many supporters especially in Eastern Hungary and Transylvania. In these parts the Reformed nobles protected the faith. Today there are about 3.5 million Hungarian Reformed people worldwide.[15] It was influential in France, Lithuania and Poland. Calvinism gained some popularity in Scandinavia, especially Sweden, but was rejected in favor of Lutheranism after the Synod of Uppsala in 1593.[16]
Most settlers in the American Mid-Atlantic and New England were Calvinists, including the English Puritans, the French Huguenot and Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam (New York), and the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians of the Appalachian back country. Dutch Calvinist settlers were also the first successful European colonizers of South Africa, beginning in the 17th century, who became known as Boers or Afrikaners.
Sierra Leone was largely colonized by Calvinist settlers from Nova Scotia, who were largely Black Loyalists, blacks who had fought for the British during the American War of Independence. John Marrant had organized a congregation there under the auspices of the Huntingdon Connection. Some of the largest Calvinist communions were started by 19th and 20th century missionaries. Especially large are those in Indonesia, Korea and Nigeria. In South Korea there are 20,000 Presbyterian congregations in about 9–10 million church members, scattered in more than 100 Presbyterian denominations. In Korea Presbyterianism is far the biggest Christian denomination.[17]
A 2011 report of the Pew Forum on Religious and Public Life estimated that members of Presbyterian or Reformed churches make up 7% of the 801 million Protestants globally, or approximately 56 million people.[18] Today, the World Communion of Reformed Churches, which includes some United Churches, has 80 million believers.[19]
Many conservative Reformed churches wich are strongly Calvinistic formed the World Reformed Fellowship wich has about 67 member denominations, most are not part of the World Communion of Reformed Churches because of its ecumenial attire. The International Conference of Reformed Churches is another conservative association.
Reformed theologians believe that God communicates knowledge of himself to people through the Word of God. People are not able to know anything about God except through this self-revelation. Speculation about anything which God has not revealed through his Word is not warranted. The knowledge people have of God is different from that which they have of anything else because God is infinite, and finite people are incapable of comprehending an infinite being. While the knowledge revealed by God to people is never incorrect, it is also never comprehensive.[20]
According to Reformed theologians, God's self-revelation is always through his son Jesus Christ, because Christ is the only mediator between God and people. Revelation of God through Christ comes through two basic channels. The first is creation and providence, which is God's creating and continuing to work in the world. This action of God gives everyone knowledge about God, but this knowledge is only sufficient to make people culpable for their sin; it does not include knowledge of the gospel. The second channel through which God reveals himself is redemption, which is the gospel of salvation from condemnation which is punishment for sin.[21]
In Reformed theology, the Word of God takes several forms. Jesus Christ himself is the Word Incarnate. The prophesies about him said to be found in the Old Testament and the ministry of the apostles who saw him and communicated his message are also the Word of God. Further, the preaching of ministers about God is the very Word of God because God is considered to be speaking through them. God also speaks through human writers in the Bible, which is composed of texts set apart by God for self-revelation.[22]
Reformed theologians affirm that the Bible is true, but differences emerge among them over the meaning and extent of its truthfulness.[23] Conservative followers of the Princeton theologians take the view that the Bible is true and inerrant, or incapable of error or falsehood, in every place. Another view, influenced by the teaching of Karl Barth and Neo-Orthodoxy, is found in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)'s Confession of 1967. Those who take this view believe the Bible to be the primary source of our knowledge of God, but also that some parts of the Bible may be false, not witnesses to Christ, and not normative for today's church.[24] Dawn DeVries, a professor at Union Presbyterian Seminary, has written that Barth's doctrine of Scripture is not capable of resolving conflicts in contemporary churches,[25] and proposed that Scripture not be thought of as the Word of God at all, but only human reports of the revealed Jesus Christ.[26]
Reformed theologians use the concept of covenant to describe the way God enters fellowship with people in history. Sixteenth and seventeenth-century theologians developed a system called "covenant theology" or "federal theology" which many conservative Reformed churches continue to affirm today.[27] This system orders God's life with people primarily in two covenants: the covenant of works and the covenant of grace.[28] The covenant of works is made with Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. The terms of the covenant are that God provides a blessed life in the garden on condition that Adam and Eve obey God's law perfectly. Because Adam and Eve broke the covenant by eating the forbidden fruit, they became subject to death and were banished from the garden. This sin was passed down to all mankind because all people are said to be in Adam. Federal theologians usually infer that Adam and Eve would have gained immortality had they obeyed perfectly.[29]
The covenant of grace is made immediately following Adam and Eve's sin. In it, God graciously offers salvation from death on condition of faith in God. This covenant is administered in different ways throughout the Old and New Testaments, but retains the substance of being free of a requirement of perfect obedience.[30]
Through the influence of Karl Barth, many contemporary Reformed theologians have discarded the covenant of works, along with other concepts of federal theology. Barth saw the covenant of works as disconnected from Christ and the gospel, and rejected the idea that God works with people in this way. Instead, Barth argued that God always interacts with people under the covenant of grace, and that the covenant of grace is free of all conditions whatsoever. Barth's theology and that which follows him has been called "monocovenantal" as opposed to the "bi-covenantal" scheme of classical federal theology.[31]
For the most part, the Reformed tradition did not modify the medieval consensus on the doctrine of God.[32] God's character is described primarily using three adjectives: eternal, infinite, and unchangeable.[33] Contemporary theologians have argued that this traditional focus on God's inner life as a static, perfect substance is problematic. This way of thinking about God is said to reinforce patriarchy, violence against minorities, and individualism. Instead, theologians such as Shirley Guthrie have proposed that rather than conceiving of God in terms of his attributes and freedom to do as he pleases, the doctrine of God is to be based on God's work in history and his freedom to live with and empower people.[34]
Traditionally, Reformed theologians have also followed the medieval tradition going back to the early church councils of Nicaea and Chalcedon on the doctrine of the Trinity. God is affirmed to be one God in three persons (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit), with the Son begotten by the Father and the Holy Spirit proceeding from the Father and Son. However, contemporary theologians have been critical of aspects of Western views here as well. Drawing on the Eastern tradition, these Reformed theologians have proposed a "Social Trinity" where the persons of the Trinity only exist in their life together as persons-in-relationship.[35]
Calvinism teaches that people are totally depraved or totally inadequate in their ethical nature, necessitating the sovereign grace of God for salvation. It states that fallen people are morally and spiritually incapable of following God or redeeming themselves.[36] They see redemption as the work of God; God changes their unwilling hearts from rebellion to eager obedience.
In this view, people are at the complete and total mercy of God, who would be just in condemning all people for their sins, though God has chosen to show mercy to some, not all. In Calvinism some are saved while others are condemned, not because of inclination, foreseen faith, or any virtue in people but because God chooses to have mercy on them (Romans 9:16–17) according to his own purpose which is, ultimately, to glorify Himself (Ephesians 1:11–12).[37] A person must believe the gospel and repent to be saved, but this compliance of faith is a gift from God (Philippians 1:29; Ephesians 2:8), and thus God completely and sovereignly achieves the salvation of sinners, including the chief (1 Timothy 1:15). In other words, faith is a fruit of regeneration, not the cause of it. God saves sinners so that they will believe, not because they believe out of their own resources. Many Reformed theologians teach that people are predestinated to damnation (as the doctrine of reprobation). There is less agreement among the Reformed regarding reprobation than predestination to salvation (the doctrine of election).
Calvinism is distinct from other similar Protestant theologies such as Molinism, Lutheranism, and Classical Arminianism in this area, but they share much common ground with each other. For instance, the Calvinist doctrine that God saves some but not all is agreed upon by Molinists, Classical Arminians, and Lutherans. Only Universalists would dispute the limitation of the atonement. The issue disagreed upon is how and why the atonement is limited. There is also agreement that faith is not meritorious,[38] nor does faith initiate God's salvation,[39] because faith in God is itself a gift from God, received "as a beggar receives a gift," a description used by both Calvinists[40] and Arminians.[41] These branches of Protestant theology agree a person cannot exercise faith in God without God first choosing to work spiritually in that person[42] (as semi-Pelagianism asserted). The history of Calvinist-Arminian debate here does not revolve around the five solae or the [limited] number of men saved, or whether people 'merit' salvation through faith or virtue, but it centers on other issues surrounding the reason why some are saved while others are not in the interplay of God's sovereign will and man's will.
In practice, Calvinists teach sovereign grace mostly for encouragement of the church because Calvinists believe the doctrine validates the extent of God's love for saving those who are not able to follow him, or choose not to do so, as well as defeating pride and self-reliance and stressing Christians' total need for and dependence on the grace of God. In a similar way, sanctification in the Calvinist view involves a frequent dependence on God to gain victory over sin, and experience the joy of the Lord.[43]
|The Five Points
of Calvinism
|Total depravity
|Unconditional election
|Limited atonement
|Irresistible grace
|Perseverance of the saints
Most objections to and attacks on Calvinism focus on the "five points of Calvinism," also called the doctrines of grace, and remembered by the mnemonic "TULIP."[44] The five points are popularly said to summarize the Canons of Dort,[45] however there is no historical relationship between them, and some scholars argue that their language distorts the meaning of the Canons, Calvin's theology, and the theology of 17th-century Calvinistic orthodoxy, particularly in the language of total depravity and limited atonement.[46] The five points were popularized in the 1963 booklet The Five Points of Calvinism Defined, Defended, Documented by David N. Steele and Curtis C. Thomas. The origin of the five points and the acronym is uncertain, but it was used by Cleland Boyd McAfee as early as circa 1905.[47] An early printed appearance of the T-U-L-I-P acronym is in Loraine Boettner's 1932 book, "The Reformed Doctrine Of Predestination".[48] The acronym was very cautiously if ever used by Calvinist apologists and theologians before the booklet by Steele and Thomas.[49]
The central assertion of these points is that God saves every person upon whom he has mercy, and that his efforts are not frustrated by the unrighteousness or inability of humans.
An additional point of disagreement with Arminianism implicit in the five points is the Calvinist understanding of the doctrine of Jesus's substitutionary atonement as a punishment for the sins of the elect, which was developed by St. Augustine and especially St. Anselm and Calvin himself. Calvinists argue that if Christ takes the punishment in the place of a particular sinner, that person must be saved since it would be unjust for him then to be condemned for the same sins.[58] The definitive and binding nature of this satisfaction model has strong implications for each of the five TULIP points, and it has led some Arminians to subscribe instead to the governmental theory of atonement. Under that theory, no particular sins or sinners are in view, but all of humanity are included in those whose sins have been taken away. The atonement was not the penalty of the law, but a substitute for the penalty, which allows God to remit the penalty by his grace when any sinner repents and believes in Jesus as the Christ.[59]
Protestant beliefs about salvation.[60]
|Human will
|For Calvin, humanity possesses "free will,"[61] but it is in bondage to sin,[62] until it is "transformed."[63]
|For Luther, humanity possesses free-will/free choice in regard to "goods and possessions," but regarding "salvation or damnation" people are in bondage either to God or Satan."[64]
|For Arminius, humanity possesses freedom from necessity, but not "freedom from sin" unless enabled by "prevenient grace."[65]
|Unconditional election to salvation with those outside the elect foreordained to damnation: double predestination.[66]
|Unconditional predestination to salvation for the elect.[67]
|Conditional election in view of foreseen faith or unbelief.[68]
|Justification and atonement
|Justification is limited to those predestined to salvation, completed at Christ's death.[69]
|Justification by faith alone, completed at Christ's death.[70]
|Justification made possible for all through Christ's death, but only completed upon choosing faith in Jesus.[71]
|Monergistic,[72] through the inner calling of the Holy Spirit, irresistible.
|Monergistic,[73] through the means of grace, resistible.
|Synergistic, resistible due to the common grace of free will.[74]
|Perseverance and apostasy
|Perseverance of the saints: the eternally elect in Christ will certainly persevere in faith.[75]
|Falling away is possible, but God gives assurance of perseverance.[76]
|Preservation is conditional upon continued faith in Christ; with the possibility of a final apostasy.[77]
The regulative principle of worship is a teaching shared by some Calvinists and Anabaptists on how the Bible orders public worship. The substance of the doctrine regarding worship is that God institutes in the Scriptures everything he requires for worship in the Church and that everything else is prohibited. As the regulative principle is reflected in Calvin's own thought, it is driven by his evident antipathy toward the Roman Catholic Church and its worship practices, and it associates musical instruments with icons, which he considered violations of the Ten Commandments' prohibition of graven images.[78]
On this basis, many early Calvinists also eschewed musical instruments and advocated a capella exclusive psalmody in worship,[79] though Calvin himself allowed other scriptural songs as well as psalms,[78] and this practice typified presbyterian worship and the worship of other Reformed churches for some time. The original Lord's Day service designed by John Calvin was a highly liturgical service with the Creed, Alms, Confession and Absolution, the Lord's supper, Doxologies, prayers, Psalms being sung, the Lords prayer being sung, Benedictions.[80]
Since the 19th century, however, some of the Reformed churches have modified their understanding of the regulative principle and make use of musical instruments, believing that Calvin and his early followers went beyond the biblical requirements[78] and that such things are circumstances of worship requiring biblically-rooted wisdom, rather than an explicit command. Despite the protestations of those who hold to a strict view of the regulative principle, today hymns and musical instruments are in common use, as are contemporary worship music styles with elements such as worship bands.[81]
The Westminster Confession of Faith limits the sacraments to baptism and the Lord's Supper. Sacraments are denoted "signs and seals of the covenant of grace."[82] Westminster speaks of "a sacramental relation, or a sacramental union, between the sign and the thing signified; whence it comes to pass that the names and effects of the one are attributed to the other."[83] Baptism is for infant children of believers as well as believers, as it is for all the Reformed except Baptists and some Congregationalists. Baptism admits the baptized into the visible church, and in it all the benefits of Christ are offered to the baptized.[83] On the Lord's supper, Westminster takes a position between Lutheran sacramental union and Zwinglian memorialism: "the Lord's supper really and indeed, yet not carnally and corporally, but spiritually, receive and feed upon Christ crucified, and all benefits of his death: the body and blood of Christ being then not corporally or carnally in, with, or under the bread and wine; yet, as really, but spiritually, present to the faith of believers in that ordinance as the elements themselves are to their outward senses."[82]
The 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith does not use the term sacrament, but describes baptism and the Lord's supper as ordinances, as do most Baptists Calvinist or otherwise. Baptism is only for those who "actually profess repentance towards God," and not for the children of believers.[84] Baptists also insist on immersion or dipping, in contradistinction to other Reformed Christians.[85] The Baptist Confession, describes the Lord's supper as "the body and blood of Christ being then not corporally or carnally, but spiritually present to the faith of believers in that ordinance," similarly to the Westminster Confession.[86] There is significant latitude in Baptist congregations regarding the Lord's supper, and many hold the Zwinglian view.
There are two schools of thought regarding the logical order of God's decree to ordain the fall of man: supralapsarianism (from the Latin: supra, "above", here meaning "before" + lapsus, "fall") and infralapsarianism (from the Latin: infra, "beneath", here meaning "after" + lapsus, "fall"). The former view, sometimes called "high Calvinism", argues that the Fall occurred partly to facilitate God's purpose to choose some individuals for salvation and some for damnation. Infralapsarianism, sometimes called "low Calvinism", is the position that, while the Fall was indeed planned, it was not planned with reference to who would be saved.
Supralapsarians believe that God chose which individuals to save logically prior to the decision to allow the race to fall and that the Fall serves as the means of realization of that prior decision to send some individuals to hell and others to heaven (that is, it provides the grounds of condemnation in the reprobate and the need for salvation in the elect). In contrast, infralapsarians hold that God planned the race to fall logically prior to the decision to save or damn any individuals because, it is argued, in order to be "saved", one must first need to be saved from something and therefore the decree of the Fall must precede predestination to salvation or damnation.
These two views vied with each other at the Synod of Dort, an international body representing Calvinist Christian churches from around Europe, and the judgments that came out of that council sided with infralapsarianism (Canons of Dort, First Point of Doctrine, Article 7). The Westminster Confession of Faith also teaches (in Hodge's words "clearly impl[ies]") the infralapsarian[87] view, but is sensitive to those holding to supralapsarianism.[88] The Lapsarian controversy has a few vocal proponents on each side today, but overall it does not receive much attention among modern Calvinists.
Amyraldism (or sometimes Amyraldianism, also known as the School of Saumur, hypothetical universalism,[89] post redemptionism,[90] moderate Calvinism,[91] or four-point Calvinism) is the belief that God, prior to his decree of election, decreed Christ's atonement for all alike if they believe, but seeing that none would believe on their own, he then elected those whom he will bring to faith in Christ, thereby preserving the Calvinist doctrine of unconditional election. The efficacy of the atonement remains limited to those who believe.
Named after its formulator Moses Amyraut, this doctrine is still viewed as a variety of Calvinism in that it maintains the particularity of sovereign grace in the application of the atonement. However, detractors like B. B. Warfield have termed it "an inconsistent and therefore unstable form of Calvinism."[92]
Hyper-Calvinism first referred to a view that appeared among the early English Particular Baptists in the 18th century. Their system denied that the call of the gospel to "repent and believe" is directed to every single person and that it is the duty of every person to trust in Christ for salvation. The term also occasionally appears in both theological and secular controversial contexts, where it usually connotes a negative opinion about some variety of theological determinism, predestination, or a version of Evangelical Christianity or Calvinism that is deemed by the critic to be unenlightened, harsh, or extreme.
The Westminster Confession of Faith says that the gospel is to be freely offered to sinners, and the Larger Catechism makes clear that the gospel is offered to the non-elect.[93][94]
Neo-Calvinism, a form of Dutch Calvinism, is the movement initiated by the theologian and former Dutch prime minister Abraham Kuyper. James Bratt has identified a number of different types of Dutch Calvinism: The Seceders—split into the Reformed Church "West" and the Confessionalists; and the Neo-Calvinists—the Positives and the Antithetical Calvinists. The Seceders were largely infralapsarian and the Neo-Calvinists usually supralapsarian.[95]
Kuyper wanted to awaken the church from what he viewed as its pietistic slumber. He declared:
No single piece of our mental world is to be sealed off from the rest and there is not a square inch in the whole domain of human existence over which Christ, who is sovereign over all, does not cry: 'Mine!'[96]
This refrain has become something of a rallying call for Neo-Calvinists.
Christian Reconstructionism is a fundamentalist[97] Calvinist theonomic movement that has remained rather obscure.[98] Founded by R. J. Rushdoony, the movement has had an important influence on the Christian Right in the United States.[99][100] The movement declined in the 1990s and was declared dead in a 2008 Church History journal article.[101] Christian Reconstructionists are usually postmillennialists and followers of the presuppositional apologetics of Cornelius Van Til. They tend to support a decentralized political order resulting in laissez-faire capitalism.[102]
The New Calvinism is a growing perspective within conservative Evangelicalism that embraces the fundamentals of 16th century Calvinism while also trying to be relevant in the present day world.[103] In March 2009, TIME magazine described the New Calvinism as one of the "10 ideas changing the world".[104] Some of the major figures in this area are John Piper, Mark Driscoll, Al Mohler,[104] Mark Dever,[105] C. J. Mahaney, Joshua Harris,[103] and Tim Keller.[106] New Calvinists have been criticized for blending Calvinist soteriology with popular Evangelical positions on the sacraments and continuationism.[107]
One school of thought attributes Calvinism with setting the stage for the later development of capitalism in northern Europe. In this view, elements of Calvinism represented a revolt against the medieval condemnation of usury and, implicitly, of profit in general.[citation needed] Such a connection was advanced in influential works by R. H. Tawney (1880–1962) and by Max Weber (1864–1920).
Calvin expressed himself on usury in a 1545 letter to a friend, Claude de Sachin, in which he criticized the use of certain passages of scripture invoked by people opposed to the charging of interest. He reinterpreted some of these passages, and suggested that others of them had been rendered irrelevant by changed conditions. He also dismissed the argument (based upon the writings of Aristotle) that it is wrong to charge interest for money because money itself is barren. He said that the walls and the roof of a house are barren, too, but it is permissible to charge someone for allowing him to use them. In the same way, money can be made fruitful.[108]
He qualified his view, however, by saying that money should be lent to people in dire need without hope of interest, while a modest interest rate of 5% should be permitted in relation to other borrowers.[109]
Calvin's concept of God and man contained strong elements of freedom that were gradually put into practice after his death, in particular in the fields of politics and society. After the successful fight for independence from Spain (1579), the Netherlands, under Calvinist leadership, became, besides England, the freest country in Europe. It granted asylum to persecuted religious minorities, e.g. French Huguenots, English Independents (Congregationalists), and Jews from Spain and Portugal. The ancestors of philosopher Baruch Spinoza were Portuguese Jews. Aware of the trial against Galileo, René Descartes lived in the Netherlands, out of reach of the Inquisition.[110] Pierre Bayle, a Reformed Frenchman, also felt safer in the Netherlands than in his home country. He was the first prominent philosopher who demanded tolerance for atheists. Hugo Grotius was able to publish a rather liberal interpretation of the Bible and his ideas about natural law.[111][112] Moreover, the Calvinist Dutch authorities allowed the printing of books that could not be published elsewhere, e.g. Galileo's Discorsi.[113]
Even more important than the liberal development of the Netherlands was the rise of modern democracy in England and North America. In the Middle Ages state and church had been closely connected. Martin Luther's doctrine of the two kingdoms separated state and church in principle.[114] His doctrine of the priesthood of all believers raised the laity to the same level as the clergy.[115] Going one step further, Calvin included elected laymen (church elders, presbyters) in his concept of church government. The Huguenots added synods whose members were also elected by the congregations. The other Reformed churches took over this system of church self-government which was essentially a representative democracy.[116] Baptists, Quakers, and Methodists are organized in a similar way. These denominations and the Anglican Church were influenced by Calvin's theology in varying degrees.[117]
Another precondition for the rise of democracy in the Anglo-American world was the fact that Calvin favored a mixture of democracy and aristocracy as the best form of government (mixed government). He appreciated the advantages of democracy.[118] The aim of his political thought was to safeguard the rights and freedoms of ordinary men and women. In order to minimize the misuse of political power he suggested dividing it among several institutions in a system of checks and balances (separation of powers). Finally, Calvin taught that if worldly rulers rise up against God they should be put down. In this way, he and his followers stood in the vanguard of resistance to political absolutism and furthered the cause of democracy.[119] The Congregationalists who founded Plymouth Colony (1620) and Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628) were convinced that the democratic form of government was the will of God.[120][121] Enjoying self-rule they practiced separation of powers.[122][123] Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania, founded by Roger Williams, Thomas Hooker, and William Penn, respectively, combined democratic government with freedom of religion. These colonies became safe havens for persecuted religious minorities, including Jews.[124][125][126]
In England, Baptists Thomas Helwys and John Smyth influenced the liberal political thought of Presbyterian poet and politician John Milton and philosopher John Locke, who in turn had both a strong impact on the political development in their home country (English Civil War, Glorious Revolution) as well as in North America.[127][128] The ideological basis of the American Revolution was largely provided by the radical Whigs, who had been inspired by Milton, Locke, James Harrington, Algernon Sidney, and other thinkers. The Whigs' "perceptions of politics attracted widespread support in America because they revived the traditional concerns of a Protestantism that had always verged on Puritanism."[129] The United States Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution and (American) Bill of Rights initiated a tradition of human and civil rights that was continued in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen and the constitutions of numerous countries around the world, e. g. Latin America, Japan, Germany, and other European countries. It is also echoed in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.[130]
In the nineteenth century, the churches that were based on Calvin's theology or influenced by it were deeply involved in social reforms, e.g. the abolition of slavery (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln, and others), women suffrage, and prison reforms.[131][132] Members of these churches formed co-operatives to help the impoverished masses.[133] Henry Dunant, a Reformed pietist, founded the Red Cross and initiated the Geneva Conventions.[134][135]
Some sources would view Calvinist influence as not always being solely positive. The Boers and so-called Afrikaner Calvinists allegedly used a twisted form of Calvinism and Kuyperian theology to justify apartheid[136] in South Africa (see Afrikaner Calvinism). As late as 1974, the majority of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa was convinced that their theological stances (including the story of the Tower of Babel) could justify apartheid.[137] In 1990, the Dutch Reformed Church document Church and Society maintained that although they were changing their stance on apartheid, they believed that within apartheid and under God's sovereign guidance, "...everything was not without significance, but was of service to the Kingdom of God." [138] It should be noted that these views were not universal and were condemned by many Calvinists outside South Africa. It was pressure from both outside and inside the Dutch Reformed Calvinist church which helped reverse apartheid in South Africa. Even Calvin was not always above his own time, and as an influential leader in Geneva he helped ensure that people were kept under close watch and that crimes and sins (such as failure to attend church or laughing in church) were punished more severely than before his leadership.[139]
Throughout the world, the Reformed churches operate hospitals, homes for handicapped or elderly people, and educational institutions on all levels. For example, American Congregationalists founded Harvard (1636), Yale (1701), and about a dozen other colleges.[140] Princeton was a Presbyterian foundation.
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text:
Do you guys put your Lipos in storage mode after every time you use them?
Do you guys put your Lipos in storage mode after every time you use them?
i put them in sorage mode after each day. Something always comes up the next day and it could be a week or two before i get to use them again.
Guide books aren't part of the packaging.
the perks of power and a para board.
Guide books aren't part of the packaging.
when taking them outta storage do you just charge them up until the peak, you never discharge a lipo right?
The smartest person, asks the most questions...
yup to charge them up from storage, no need to discharge then charge. Lipo's have no memory so it's all good.
Guide books aren't part of the packaging.
i will get a better charger soon but what if you just have.. say a traxxas crappy lipo charger that comes with rtrs then do you just leave it dead? still pretty new to lipos
You can leave it dead if you want to replace your packs often.... once LiPo get discharged to a certain point (below 3v/cell) they are no longer safe to use.
I suggest buying a cell checker... they can be had for less than $5 shipped on eBay. Then you can time your charge and keep checking voltage until they are at or around 3.85v/cell. Once you know how long it takes for them to get there you can just time it and check them when the timer goes off.
Whatever it is I just typed... could be wrong.


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Short-Sighted Thoughts: Bumbershoot 2013
By all accounts, whether overheard firsthand on the festival grounds or seen thirdhand (new realm of voyeurism) via your most frequented social media site, Bumbershoot predominantly seen as quite the success. Normally when I go to any music festival, the "genuine enthusiasm:gripe" ratio breaks down to the tune of 7:3. However, the secretive, unscientific, devious inner-thoughts "fan:consumer" ratio is probably split dead even.
I can see your soul thru the expression on your visage. Being an observer has its unsaid advantages. For reasons I'd rather not say, Big shout-out to American and Alaskan Airlines! What up!?!? I was unable to attend Saturday's edition of Bumbershoot. I was as saddened as one can be, flying home from an island getaway on the advent of a highly anticipated college football season. I genuinely wanted Kendrick Lamar to be given the opportunity to make an hour long diss record verbally lambasting every person in attendance at the Key Arena during his set. I also missed my opportunity to become an unofficial, official Seattleite by engaging the music of Heart for the first time in a live concert setting. 30 million albums sold worldwide isn't enough for me to parachute out of a commercial airliner and come crashing down thru the rafters of The House That Shawn Kemp Built Thirty Years After It Was Originally Built. A few casual observations:
- Eric Burdon is timeless (and not because he washes his Bill Belichik-like sweatshirts in the Fountain of Youth). On the way to Bumbershoot, I couldn't help but contemplate how many generations it would take for folks to forget about the music this man has created. Burdon had a huge crowd for his afternoon time slot at the Starbucks stage. As I watched his set, a woman snuck in front of me to catch a better view of the stage. At one point she turned around and said, "I was your age when I first started liking him!"
I then told that woman that if she were fishing for compliments, she should look elsewhere.It was only fitting that a couple of young ruffians unnecessarily destroyed a tree branch within close proximity, while her and I were engaged in age-themed pleasantries. They say at any given moment on this planet, "Hey Jude" is playing somewhere, by someone. I'd argue that anyone that has ever picked up for a guitar knows how to play "House of the Rising Sun."
- I stopped and watched Mates of State while they were performing on the Fountain Lawn stage. They were playing a really catchy song that I'd never heard before. I thought it sounded great. I left. I then came back ten minutes later, Mates of State were basically performing the same song but it didn't sound as good. I left. Eventually I circled back to the Fountain Lawn stage one last time. There Mates of State were, playing the same song as the songs before only it didn't sound as good as the last song(s).
- Bob Mould has always been, "That one guy in that one band that I should probably listen to because I know I like them and a bunch of my friends like them too." Bob Mould's set was solid from the perspective of someone who is mostly unfamiliar with the complete body of his work. I noticed that lyrically speaking, Mr. Mould is really into repeating phrases. I don't see anything wrong with shouting the same thing over and over. You'd be surprised how dense the average music festival goer can be. Every band, on every stage, could shout the same thing over and over and I'm not sure anyone would notice. The only negative of Bob Mould's set was the media crane that hovering over the crowd in front of the Tune-In stage. It was a bit of an annoyance/eyesore. On the flip-side, it made it easy for media types to review any set that happened on that particular location from the comfort of media room couches.
As if crappy music journalism such as this needed to get any worse.
- I saw a young dad sporting a "Metz" shirt as he walked around with his kindergarten-aged son. I have a feeling that this image is something many of you can relate to. If not now then perhaps within the next few years.
- The Grizzled Mighty? More like "Microwave Blues," am I right? Christ, when you're the sixth best band at what you do in a local market, how do you even get on a festival such as this? "Ex member of" can only take you so far. And this year's winner for best "Knock-off of a knock-off of a knock-off of a knock-off in the 'Blues' category goes to…..The Grizzled Mighty!" *Yawn* *Apathy* *Death*
- Tamaryn is too cool for school and I mean that in the most complimentary way possible. Somewhere between the placid suave of Autolux, Mew's "Behind the Drapes" and some of the more gossamered qualities of My Bloody Valentine, you'll find the music of Tamaryn. This was one of those sets that reminded you that marijuana is legal in the state of Washington. I wanted to stick around for the entirety of Tamaryn's performance but a guy next to me was dancing so terribly that I had to leave. It was either exit stage left or punch a stranger in the throat (in hopes of kickstarting his natural metronome process).
- During Ra Ra Riot, was I the only one that witnessed what looked to be a whirling dervish flash mob in the grandstands and floor section of Key Arena?
- DJ Girl 6 made me a firm believer in the Jimi Hendrix "Foxy Lady" mashup (also great AC/DC and Trinidad James mashups as well). I started doing the "Land Shark" and couldn't stop until I left the building. Every time the beat dropped I felt like I was a winner on the "Price is Right" and was beginning a new chapter in my life. My favorite part of the set? It would have to be the 9-year-old boy who was standing with his mother only a handful of paces away from me. Judging by the look on his face, I was pretty sure he was losing his virginity just by witnessing DJ Girl 6 go to work on the tables. The boy's mother, bless her heart, was fist pumping with an iphone. Ladies and gentlemen, life doesn't get much better than this.
- I wonder how many times the word "dreamscape" has been used in an Alt-J review? They sounded much different than my brain envisioned (going on the opinions of friends and nothing else). Here's exactly what came to mind when I saw Alt-J: "And the rafters flooded. And Peter Gabriel showed his smile in the arena lights. Muppets danced and Tears for Fears remained only mildly impressed. If Local Natives crafted things much simpler, and as a result became afflicted with a melancholy that never left…" I enjoyed it from a great height.
- Baroness rules live. I don't think I need to expound on this opinion any further. Shout out to the guy in the viking hat that kept on yelling, "Rays of Pinion!"
- While Sol was busy getting the crowd hyped on the Tune-In stage, I couldn't help but notice that the beer garden had became somewhat of an invasive species near the stage (the same could be said by Fisher Green stage). Sol has really stepped his performance game up since the last time I saw him. Props.
- I only saw one song from the Kopecky Family Band, it was fun while it lasted.
- Delta Rae = The soundtrack to a cinematic character re-build montage/sequence during a made for television family movie.
- Superchunk is one of the most underrated pop bands ever. It's easy to forget how incredibly catchy this band has always been while never sacrificing their versatility and songwriting ingenuity. Even some of the stone-faced security guards couldn't help but cracking a smile and nodding their heads to a majority of Superchunk's set. Who doesn't love the message behind "Slack Motherfucker"? Maybe I'm just outdated, but how can you expect me to get into bullshit like FIDLAR when this stuff is still around?


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George B. Henry
Sophomore Rep.
I plan to study business administration and management with special emphasis in International Business. To further enrich my study, I am set to pursue a masters degree in business administration, MBA. My aim is to join the World Bank, global organizations or International Companies to plan, organize, lead, and control the human, financial, and physical resources of my place of work to achieve and exceed business goals.
Past Leadership Experience:
· 2012-2013: Member of the National Honor Society via Hinsdale South
· 2012-2013: Staff Aid for AP Psychology (1stSemester)
· 2012: LeadAmerica National Conference on Engineering and Technology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
· 2012: National Student Leadership Conference on Business and Entrepreneurship, Northwestern University, IL
· 2012: The National Society of High School Scholars, IL
· 2009-2012: Model UN in Lisbon, Portugal as Vice-President via Modern English School, Cairo, Egypt; Chicago Model UN (x2 with the second winning an honorary mention)
· 2009-2011: Member of National Junior Honor Society, Cairo, Egypt
Work & Volunteer Experience:
· 2013: Voluntary soccer coach for St. Mark Chicago, IL summer camp
· 2012: Alpha Motors of Westmont, IL – Assistant Sales and IT support
· 2009-2011: Amoun Holdings for Financial Investments, Cairo – Trainee at CEO Office
· 2009-2011: BEYOND for Social Services, St. Mary Church, Heliopolis, Cairo – Member
Passions and/or future goals:
· To be nominated as a Sophomore Representative


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Here's our final roundup of the best panels to hit up during NYCC 2014! This time, these special events revolve around your favorite TV shows and upcoming movies.
We've finally reviewed the dark "Lord of the Rings" action/adventure game "Middle-Earth: Shadow of Mordor." Should you help Talion exact his revenge against Sauron's troops?
Check out these incredibly dark in-game screenshots from the new "Lord of the Rings" game, "Shadow of Mordor."
'Middle-Earth: Shadow of Mordor': Top 10 Facts You Need to Know (Interview With Michael de Plater From Monolith Productions)
Check out this extensive interview on "Middle-Earth: Shadow of Mordor" and get excited about about this dark, open-world "LOTR" adventure.
Here's the livestream presentation of some of the more noteworthy events straight from PAX Prime 2014!
Here are the video games you need to save some dead presidents for come September 2014.
Here's some more incredible games that you'll want to play in 2014!
The latest trailer for the next theatrical adventure for "The Hobbit" looks awe inspiring.
The Hobbit: Kingdoms of Middle Earth tasks you with amassing your own fantasy empire.
These 15 games make their movie counterparts look even better.
Warmer Bros takes us back to Middle-Earth with an all-new trailer for the second installment of the acclaimed Hobbit franchise.
You'll never look at Taylor Swift or Lord of the Rings the same way ever again. Very, very disturbing.


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Up until the end of Starrcade 97 was Sting vs Hogan/NWO the best Storyline ever?
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Elipses Corter
If I really don't like someone, I call them a Tony Schiavone.---Ron Funches
Join Date: Jul 2011
Location: Washington D.C.
Posts: 10,995
Re: Up until the end of Starrcade 97 was Sting vs Hogan/NWO the best Storyline ever?
I wouldn't call it the best storyline ever because, IMO, it should have led to the breakup of the NWO. The match should have had bigger ramifications and when you think about it, there was no real pay off. It lead to NWO getting the title back 4 months later and Sting joining a different faction of NWO, which kind of made everything from September 1996 to April 1998 seem a bit of a waste.
I'd say Austin/McMahon was better, as it stretched nearly 4 years and led to Austin aligning with the devil himself. There was a real pay off.
While some may not agree, I feel Raven/Dreamer was a better storyline because it had a real pay off and that was after 2 years of grueling battles, Dreamer not only ended up with the girl but he also finally defeated Raven, which led to another storyline. As for the actual Raven/Dreamer storyline, there was a real pay off.
With Sting/Hogan, all concept of a pay off got lost due to the bullshit at Starrcade 1997 and the fact that Hogan went right back to being what he was before that match. Had Sting won the title cleanly and it led to the NWO dissolving, I would call it the best storyline ever but that would have prevented the rise of Goldberg.
So, I don't think it was the best.
Elipses Corter
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Sporting Kansas City's defensive issues just got worse ahead of Sunday's game against the New York Red Bulls. Today the MLS Disciplinary Committee announced that starting right back, Igor Juliao was suspended for one game and fined for his actions in KC's 2-1 loss to Philadelphia.
In the 55th minute, Juliao cleared a ball up field just in front of Philadelphia forward, Andrew Wenger.
Philadelphia's early season was defined by the trade for Andrew Wenger. Few thought they could survive without the leading scorer from a year prior. With Wenger exceeding expectations recently, is it safe to say the Union have won?
Out of the blue Andrew Wenger is a valuable asset to this Union team.
The Philadelphia Union tweeted they plan on making a major announcement tomorrow at noon.
JUST IN: Major announcement to come tomorrow (Wednesday) at noon. Watch via http://t.co/XfO21gkyjv pic.twitter.com/0FSEu6cGUU — Philadelphia Union (@PhilaUnion) July 29, 2014
JUST IN: Major announcement to come tomorrow (Wednesday) at noon. Watch via http://t.co/XfO21gkyjv pic.twitter.com/0FSEu6cGUU
Following a couple weeks of links, PPL Park sightings, and overseas reports of the impending signing of Algerian goalkeeper Rais M'Bolhi signing with Philadelphia, the Union today announced they will make a major announcement tomorrow (Wednesday, July 30).
Poetry Corner Kicks can finally celebrate a home win!
Well how do you like them apples? The Big Apple came to Philadelphia and left without a point to show for their travels. It looks like the Philadelphia Union still feel bad when they are up by two goals, so they try to make the other team feel better by letting them back in the game.
Whether you call it the Turnpike Derby, I-95 Derby, or (especially if you're a Red Bull fan) "it's not a rivalry" there have been some really special memories when these two teams have met on the pitch. What's your favorite?
This thread is simple. What is your favorite memory of the Philadelphia Union - New York Red Bulls rivalry?
Can the Union afford to bring in another Designated Player? Does Carlos Valdes return from stops in Colombia, Argentina, and Brazil? Does Maurice Edu remain in Philadelphia or is he bound to return to the English Premier League? Silly season may just be be sober season for the Philadelphia Union.
That most wonderful time of year is almost upon us.
The news that overshadowed the Union's 2-2 draw with Chicago was the trade for Andrew Wenger. How will he perform in the city of Brotherly Love?
It was a move that shocked me as much as it shocked the rest of the Philadelphia Union fan base. Met with very extreme mixed reactions ranging from a nightmare scenario to wild acclaim, Jack McInerney was traded to the Montreal Impact for forward/defender/midfielder/keeper (I believe he can play anywhere on the field, why not goalkeeper?
Week 2 sees the Union start their home schedule hosting I-95 rival New England Revolution. Can Philadelphia build on the promise shown in Portland and catch a vulnerable Revs side?
The first home tilt of 2014 features the Philadelphia Union, coming off of a heart-breaking last-minute-goal to share the points, versus conference foe New England Revolution, who were pummeled at Houston four goals to nil.
Nothing like a bit of Major League Soccer aggro to get the day going! With the opening of the 2014 MLS season less than a month away, Eastern Conference rivals the Philadelphia Union and Toronto FC are already exchanging handbags.
It appears that Philadelphia Union CEO Nick Sakiewicz is not amused with TFC's spending spree that has seen them sign the likes of Jermain Defoe, Michael Bradley and Julio Cesar.
By FRANCO PANIZO
The midfield overhaul in Philadelphia continues.
The Union announced on Thursday that they have signed veteran French midfielder Vincent Nogueira, who joins the club from Ligue 1 side FC Sochaux. Nogueira is expected to join Philadelphia for the next phase of its preseason in Florida.
In what has been a quiet offseason, the Union shocked the rest of Major League Soccer this morning by trading one of their reliable veterans and made a move to set up the acquisition of USMNT Maurice Edu.
Philadelphia sends Jeff Parke to DC United for Ethan White and the No.
Philadelphia sends Jeff Parke to DC United for Ethan White and the No.
The MLS Players Union have released the latest salary figures and former Real Madrid and AC Milan star Kaka heads the list, despite never having played for his club.
The 32-year-old Brazilian, who signed for Orlando City in June and was immediately loaned to Sao Paulo, is on a total salary of $7,167,500, making him not only the highest paid in the league, but the highest-paid player in MLS history.
It's a good job that the World Cup is diverting the attention of the soccer fans in New England as otherwise the alarm bells would be going off after the New England Revolutionsuffered their third straight MLS defeat on Saturday in front of 16,483 fans at Gillette.
The defeat leaves New England with a 7-6-2 record, and their 23 points is good for third place in the east.
The Union take on the NY Cosmos in possibly the most interesting match up of the fifth round of the US Open Cup. The Union in the midst of a reboot and the Cosmos flying high and enjoying taking MLS scalps as proof of the high ambition.
The Philadelphia Union face the New York Cosmos in the fifth round of the US Open Cup on June 24th at PPL Park.
Can the Philadelphia Union change turn their season around and bring home the cup?
The Cosmos play in the North American Soccer League (NASL), which is currently the second tier (D2) of US Soccer between MLS (D1) and USL PRO (D3).
Get to know how Sporting Kansas City matches up in preparation for Wednesday's game against the Union with Sporting KC fan (and Union fan as well), Phillip Bupp.
Sporting Kansas City and the Philadelphia Union are on two opposite ends of the MLS spectrum. While Sporting is tied for the lead in the East with games in hand on most teams, Philadelphia is next to last and has played as many or more games than every other team in MLS.
I know I am a fan of something special. I am on the ground floor. Once soccer becomes much more popular than it already is in the United States (and it will in time), I will be able to tell my grand children that I was there cheering for our boys in blue before it was the "in" thing to do.
Over the past 5 years I have fallen more in love with Major League Soccer and the Philadelphia Union in particular, than I have for any other Philadelphia sports team.
A recap of my experience driving to and attending the MLS Super Draft
I left my home in Federalsburg, Maryland around 7:30 am on Thursday morning and began to make my way towards Philadelphia for the MLS Super Draft.
In the e-mail I received, it said I was able to pick up media credentials between 10 am and noon.
The American Soccer League starts up this August, and Philadelphia has a team with a familiar sounding name that hearkens back to the days of the old North American Soccer League.
By Rich Ransom
This August a new professional soccer league gets its start when the American Soccer League kicks off featuring a team in the Philadelphia area.
Once again we catch up with the general manager of the Philadelphia Fury, Graham King Charters, in the latest installment of The Furyous Five.
1- Philadelphia fell to Rhode Islandon Saturday 3-2. How has the team handled the lost? GKC- Naturally we are all disappointed.
Let's finally put this miserable season to bed.
The Union travel to Columbus for a game less meaningful than a Harrisburg City Islanders friendly.
The Union play the Crew onSunday because the schedule says so (and for absolutely no other reason).
Enjoy your last 90 minutes of goalkeeper intrigue, Philadelphia!
It seems as though, despite massive improvement over the course of a few seasons, that Zac MacMath has been dumped for a shiny new goalkeeper. Was it the right call?
There is no doubt that Zac MacMath has had growing pains during his development in Philadelphia. Criticism of him has been fair in years prior, but as the goalkeeper improves so does the intensity of his critics.
Every week we ask the Philadelphia's Fury GM 5 pressing questions. We call them The Furyous Five. Coming off a heartbreaking defeat against Western Mass, how do they move on?
TBG) The Fury had a heartbreaking loss to Western Mass when the visitors scored two quick goals in the last five minutes.
Not the result the Union were looking for as the playoff dreams slowly continue to fade into the darkness of an early postseason. Is there any good to be found in the heartbreaking draw?
The Good: Amobi Okugo
The questions have started to be asked. Does Jim Curtin not rate Amobi?
Time to bring back these posts so that in the final month of the season there's an idea of where Sporting stands and what would be the best thing to help KC on getting into the playoffs and getting the highest seed possible.
Another trip to Kansas City and another trip home with a hard earned point. It might not have been a full 3 points, but trips to the Cauldron have not been the worst road trips for the Union. That is not to say that there wasn't a bad and ugly in play Friday night.
The Good: Strides on and off the field
In the week leading up to the Kansas City game, Rais Mbohli was announced as a new signing.
tBG's JC Escobar interviews Steve Wilman, head of coaching at FC of Philadelphia.
[Note by JCEscobar, 05/09/14 7:46 AM EDT ]
The Brotherly Game is always on the lookout for new and interesting ways to cover the beautiful game in the region, so with this new series we'll be introducing you to the inner workings of some of our local youth soccer programs.
The Union have finally played the beautiful game we all know and love, yet it still wasn't enough for the full three points. Who was to blame for Philadelphia dropping points in Portland?
What a game that was! Wow, the Union finally looked like an actual soccer team for the first time in a long time.
The 2014 MLS Season kicked off for the Union in Portland, again. Check out the Whole Story from match preview to post match anaylsis
Former Union attacker and current Serbian U-19 coach will be visiting Philadelphia for the 2014 MLS Super Draft according to his Facebook status.
It appears that former Philadelphia Union attacker Veljko Paunovic will be returning to Philadelphia for the 2014 MLS Super Draft. According to Veljko's Facebook status, he's coming back:
The attacker and former Atletic Madrid player was affectionately called the "Serb of Ben" and OSB or "Old Serby Bastard" by the fans.
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We took our sweet red Corvette out for a spin on the track today. Might not have gone quite as fast as the Nos. 3 and 4 yellow Corvettes that were here last month, but we sure tried!
(Our best lap time was a lightning quick 3:34...Just over two minutes off Corvette Racing's qualifying pace at Petit Le Mans powered by Mazda this year. We seem to think we can hang with the big dogs!)
Fast lap around Road Atlanta
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Is the near future rosy for the Reliance Industries if its Q3 performance is any indication? Your views?
Tags: money, industries, reliance industries
Asked by Good Citizen, 21 Jan '13 01:50 pm
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Answers (4)
Yes indeed it has been languishing down below the 900 mark which it has regained after a long time. The present news flow regarding the oil sector too should aid it to rise up further & take the market leadership which it had earlier to take the indices further up to new highs soon!!Answered by dharamender nebhnani, 22 Jan '13 10:26 pm
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Their future is always rosy, but only retail investors future is only always in blink and to worry.Answered by MAdhavan Avadhany, 21 Jan '13 01:59 pm
Quaterly results figures are too good then expectation.......i think itz moving towars 1050-1100Answered by sushil lalpuria, 21 Jan '13 01:53 pm
Dear , I sold all the holdings in this counter , so not following up this oneAnswered by truth exposed, 21 Jan '13 01:52 pm


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Taylor Swift and her mom! Teen Gwen Stefani! Pre-fame Pink! Check out stars' personal pics and mementos from their own archives
Credit: Courtesy Demi Moore
Updated: Tuesday Aug 21, 2012 | 06:00 AM EDT
By: Cara Lynn Shultz
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"Me with my first monkey!" Tweeted the actress, posting this adorable shot of a young Moore, cuddling with her stuffed pal.
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At about 12:20 local time, 50 minutes before first pitch, General Manager Mike Rizzo thanked John McLaren in front of the Nationals, and the clubhouse instantly erupted with applause. McLaren will end an awkward tenure as Nationals interim manager today, trying to take a series from the Chicago White Sox.
Livan Hernandez will pitch for the Nationals, trying to bounce back from a difficult start that preceded the Nationals' memorable five-run ninth inning last week. Jayson Werth and Ryan Zimmerman are both trying to regroup after going hitless with five combined strikeouts yesterday.
As always, talk about the game right here.