text:
A Review of World Hydrocarbon Resource Assessments
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This study reviews assessments of world oil, natural gas, and oil shale resources made between the end of World War II and the end of 1980. Details are provided on the methods used in developing these assessments, geographic coverage, time horizons, and major assumptions (e.g., about discovery rates and recovery factor). Conclusions on the current state of knowledge concerning each of these hydrocarbon resources are presented.
World Resources Institute (WRI) | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Resources Institute (WRI) Resources Institute (WRI) (Redirected from World Resources Institute) Jump to: navigation, search Logo: World Resources Institute Name World Resources Institute Address 10 G Street, NE (Suite 800) Place Washington, District of Columbia Zip 20002 Year founded 1982 Phone number (202) 729-7600 Coordinates 38.8989821°, -77.0081139° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.8989821,"lon":-77.0081139,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Preliminary Geospatial Analysis of Arctic Ocean Hydrocarbon Resources
SciTech Connect
Ice coverage of the Arctic Ocean is predicted to become thinner and to cover less area with time. The combination of more ice-free waters for exploration and navigation, along with increasing demand for hydrocarbons and improvements in technologies for the discovery and exploitation of new hydrocarbon resources have focused attention on the hydrocarbon potential of the Arctic Basin and its margins. The purpose of this document is to 1) summarize results of a review of published hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic, including both conventional oil and gas and methane hydrates and 2) develop a set of digital maps of the hydrocarbon potential of the Arctic Ocean. These maps can be combined with predictions of ice-free areas to enable estimates of the likely regions and sequence of hydrocarbon production development in the Arctic. In this report, conventional oil and gas resources are explicitly linked with potential gas hydrate resources. This has not been attempted previously and is particularly powerful as the likelihood of gas production from marine gas hydrates increases. Available or planned infrastructure, such as pipelines, combined with the geospatial distribution of hydrocarbons is a very strong determinant of the temporal-spatial development of Arctic hydrocarbon resources. Significant unknowns decrease the certainty of predictions for development of hydrocarbon resources. These include: 1) Areas in the Russian Arctic that are poorly mapped, 2) Disputed ownership: primarily the Lomonosov Ridge, 3) Lack of detailed information on gas hydrate distribution, and 4) Technical risk associated with the ability to extract methane gas from gas hydrates. Logistics may control areas of exploration more than hydrocarbon potential. Accessibility, established ownership, and leasing of exploration blocks may trump quality of source rock, reservoir, and size of target. With this in mind, the main areas that are likely to be explored first are the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea, in spite of the fact that these areas do not have highest potential for future hydrocarbon reserves. Opportunities for improving the mapping and assessment of Arctic hydrocarbon resources include: 1) Refining hydrocarbon potential on a basin-by-basin basis, 2) Developing more realistic and detailed distribution of gas hydrate, and 3) Assessing the likely future scenarios for development of infrastructure and their interaction with hydrocarbon potential. It would also be useful to develop a more sophisticated approach to merging conventional and gas hydrate resource potential that considers the technical uncertainty associated with exploitation of gas hydrate resources. Taken together, additional work in these areas could significantly improve our understanding of the exploitation of Arctic hydrocarbons as ice-free areas increase in the future.
Long, Philip E.; Wurstner, Signe K.; Sullivan, E. C.; Schaef, Herbert T.; Bradley, Donald J.
World Resources Institute Feed | Open Energy Information
World Resources Institute Feed World Resources Institute Feed Jump to: navigation, search Home | About | Inventory | Partnerships | Capacity Building | Webinars | Reports | Events | News | List Serve CLEAN Member Feeds Center for Environment and National Security at Scripps Centro de Energías Renovables (CER) The Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF) Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) Climate Technology Initiative (CTI) ClimateWorks Foundation Coalition for Rainforest Nations (CfRN) Ecofys Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) Energy Sector Management Assistance Program of the World Bank (ESMAP) Environment and Development Action in the Third World (ENDA-TM) German Aerospace Center (DLR) German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP)
World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment of 14 Regions
E-Print Network (OSTI)
World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment of 14 Regions Outside the United States APRIL 2011 in this overview is based on the report "World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment," which was prepared | World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment 1 Background The use of horizontal drilling
Boyer, Elizabeth W.
Free World Energy Resources--Petroleum, Coal, Nuclear
Jan 1, 1971 ... Free World Energy Resources--Petroleum, Coal, Nuclear ... William Pitt the Younger in terms of the development of steam as a source of power.
Environmental Resources on the World Wide Web
Novel training programs in Zoo Biology, Wildlife Management,management programs in the developing world through long-term ecological research, training,
Shrode, Flora
Materials Sustainability: Digital Resource Center - Recycler's World
Jun 30, 2008 ... Recycler's World promotes the trade of scrap materials. Users can post a listing for the type of scrap material they wish to buy or sell. Source:�...
World Resources Institute REC RFP, August 27, 2007
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
August 27, 2007 August 27, 2007 REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES Issued by: World Resources Institute on behalf of select corporate partners in the GREEN POWER MARKET DEVELOPMENT GROUP BACKGROUND Convened in 2000 by the World Resources Institute, the Green Power Market Development Group is a unique commercial and industrial partnership dedicated to building corporate markets for green power. The Group is transforming energy markets to enable corporate buyers to diversify their energy portfolios and reduce their impact on climate change. Group partners are Alcoa Inc., British Telecom, the Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, FedEx Kinko's, General Motors, Georgia-Pacific LLC, Google, IBM, Interface, Johnson & Johnson, Michelin NA Inc., NatureWorks LLC, Pitney Bowes,
Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Table of Contents. Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path Analysis) Executive Summary. Executive Summary (Continued) Executive ...
World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment of 14 Regions Outside the United States
Washington, DC 20585The information presented in this overview is based on the report �World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment, � which
unknown authors
Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path Analysis)
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Long Term World Oil Supply Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path Analysis) 07/28/2000 Click here to start Table of Contents Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path Analysis) Executive Summary Executive Summary (Continued) Executive Summary (Continued) Overview The Year of Peak Production..When will worldwide conventional oil production peak?... Lower 48 Crude Oil Reserves & Production 1945-2000 Texas Oil and Condensate Production, and Texas First Purchase Price (FPP), 1980-1999 Published Estimates of World Oil Ultimate Recovery Different Interpretations of a Hypothetical 6,000 Billion Barrel World Original Oil-in-Place Resource Base Campbell-Laherrère World Oil Production Estimates, 1930-2050 Laherreres Oil Production Forecast, 1930-2150
Quantifying the Uncertainty in Estimates of World Conventional Oil Resources
Since Hubbert proposed the "peak oil" concept to forecast ultimate recovery of crude oil for the U.S. and the world, there have been countless debates over the timing of peak world conventional oil production rate and ultimate recovery. From review of the literature, forecasts were grouped into those that are like Hubbert's with an imminent peak, and those that do not predict an imminent peak. Both groups have bases for their positions. Viewpoints from the two groups are polarized and the rhetoric is pointed and sometimes personal. A big reason for the large divide between the two groups is the failure of both to acknowledge the significant uncertainty in their estimates. Although some authors attempt to quantify uncertainty, most use deterministic methods and present single values, with no ranges. This research proposes that those that do attempt to quantify uncertainty underestimate it significantly. The objective of this thesis is to rigorously quantify the uncertainty in estimates of ultimate world conventional oil production and time to peak rate. Two different methodologies are used. The first is a regression technique based on historical production data using Hubbert's model and the other methodology uses mathematical models. However, I conduct the analysis probabilistically, considering errors in both the data and the model, which results in likelihood probability distributions for world conventional oil production and time to peak rate. In the second method, I use a multiple-experts analysis to combine estimates from the multitude of papers presented in the literature, yielding an overall distribution of estimated world conventional oil production. Giving due consideration to uncertainty, Hubbert-type mathematical modeling results in large uncertainty ranges that encompass both groups of forecasts (imminent peak and no imminent peak). These ranges are consistent with those from the multiple-experts analysis. In short, the industry does not have enough information at this time to say with any reliability what the ultimate world conventional oil production will be. It could peak soon, somewhere in the distant future, or somewhere in between. It would be wise to consider all of these possible outcomes in planning and making decisions regarding capital investment and formulation of energy policy.
Tien, Chih-Ming
Hydrocarbons in Soil Gas as Pathfinders in Geothermal Resource Surveys in Indonesia
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
A surface geochemical technique utilizing normal paraffin (C{sub 7+}) and aromatic (C{sub 8}) hydrocarbons in soil gas has been successfully used as pathfinders in surveys for geothermal resources in Indonesia. The Dieng field was used to test the technique. The result shows the paraffin anomalies to be near and over productive wells. Because productive wells usually lie over upflow zones it reinforces our hypothesis that paraffins define the upflow of geothermal systems. The aromatic hydrocarbon alkylbenzene C{sub 8} was found near and around productive wells in the southeast quadrant of the Dieng field (Sikidang-Merdada area) but they are more spread out and more diffuse than the paraffins. The shape of their anomaly seems to suggest a tendency of spreading into the direction of lower elevations. It is thought that the aromatics, which are much more soluble than their corresponding paraffins, express at the surface as anomalies not only of locations of the upflow but also of the outflow of the geothermal system as well. Therefore the combined paraffin and aromatic anomalies, and topography, may be used as an indicator for the direction of the outflow or the flow of the under ground waters. The scarcity of the aromatics in the northwest quadrant of the Dieng field (Sileri area) is unique. A hypothesis has been proposed which could explain this unique feature.
Pudjianto, R.; Suroto, M.; Higashihara, M.; Fukuda, M.; Ong, Akhadiana and Jan
Top-of-the-World, Arizona: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
Top-of-the-World, Arizona: Energy Resources Top-of-the-World, Arizona: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates 33.3494997°, -110.9926154° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":33.3494997,"lon":-110.9926154,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Geothermal resource base of the world: a revision of the Electric Power Research Institute's estimate
Review of the Electric Power Research Institute's (EPRI) method for calculating the geothermal resource base of a country shows that modifications are needed for several of the assumptions used in the calculation. These modifications include: (1) separating geothermal belts into volcanic types with a geothermal gradient of 50{sup 0}C/km and complex types in which 80% of the area has a temperature gradient of 30{sup 0}C/km and 20% has a gradient of 45{sup 0}C/km, (2) using the actual mean annual temperature of a country rather than an assumed 15{sup 0}C average ambient temperature, and (3) making separate calculations for the resource stored in water/brine and that stored in rock. Comparison of this method (Revised EPRI) for calculating a geothermal resource base with other resource base estimates made from a heat flow map of Europe indicates that the technique yields reasonable values. The calculated geothermal resource bases, stored in water and rock to a depth of 5 km, for each country in the world are given. Approximately five times as much energy is stored in rock as is stored in water.
Aldrich, M.J.; Laughlin, A.W.; Gambill, D.T.
Microsoft PowerPoint - The Future Energy Resource Mix in a CC World
The The Future Energy Resource Mix In A Carbon Constrained World Blake L. Elliott Director Electric Supply Planning Board of Public Utilities firstname.lastname@example.com 913.573.6837 2 Outline * What is happening in the industry? * What should be happening in the industry? * My mission today offer you a choice - blue pill - blissful ignorance - red pill - the painful truth 3 Al Gore - December 2006 By 2020, I hope the environment agenda recognizes the interconnectedness of our environmental, social and economic challenges. The days of silo thinking are over. Today, it is impossible to understand the implications of climate change without understanding the related issues of ecosystem services, water security, public health, urbanization, migration, and even poverty. http://www.mistra.org/mistra/english/news/news/asystemsviewofclimatec hange.5.51ddd3b10fa0c64b248000833.html 4 Global
The geologic basis for appraising undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in the National Petroleum Reserve of Alaska by the play-appraisal method. [Glossary included
The Naval Petroleum Reserves Production Act of 1976 provided for a Government study to determine the best general procedure for the development, production, transportation, and distribution of the hydrocarbon resources in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA). An essential and distinguishing feature of this study was the development of a resource-appraisal method that would furnish the estimates of undiscovered oil and gas resources in a form compatible with the sophisticated computer model demanded by the economic and policy-analysis portion of the study. This appraisal represents the first use of the newly developed play method and is the latest in a series of hydrocarbon-resource appraisals of the NPRA. As the most recent of the series, it is based on a larger number of data. In the NPRA, the play method was first used by the USGS in November 1979. At intervals averaging 6 months, as new information was gained from the ongoing drilling program, the original assessment was reviewed and updated. The chapter was prepared to document the petroleum geology for each assessed play and thus serve as a basis for further assessments. In addition, it provides information about the assessment personnel, the data base, and analogous formations; for each play, it includes a petroleum geology summary, an outline map, a completed assessment form, and resource estimates. A glossary of terms used in the assessment may be found at the end of this chapter.
Bird, K.J.
Resources / Related Web Sites Resources / Related Web Sites Buildings-Related Resources Windows & Glazing Resources Energy-Related Resources International Resources Telephone Directories Buildings-Related Resources California Institute for Energy Efficiency (CIEE) Center for Building Science (CBS) at LBNL Department of Energy (DOE) DOE Energy Efficiency home page Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse Fact sheets in both HTML for standard web browsers and PDF format using Adobe Acrobat Reader (free). National Fenestration Rating Council home page Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EREN) back to top... Windows & Glazing Resources National Glass Association (NGA) LBNL Building Technologies Fenestration R&D news LBNL Center for Building Science (CBS) Newsletter
... Market Access and Compliance ( MAC ) keeps world markets open to ... Congress with independent, quality analysis, information, and support ...
Resources The DOE Information Center's current collection has more than 40,000 documents consisting of technical reports and historical materials that relate to DOE operations....
PRISE: petroleum resource investigation summary and evaluation
As conventional resources are depleted, unconventional gas (UG: gas from tight sands, coal beds, and shale) resources are becoming increasingly important to U.S and world energy supply. The volume of UG resources is generally unknown in most international basins. However, in 25 mature U.S. basins, UG resources have been produced for decades and are well characterized in the petroleum literature. The objective of this work was to develop a method for estimating recoverable UG resources in target, or exploratory, basins. The method was based on quantitative relations between known conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resource types in mature U.S. basins. To develop the methodology to estimate resource volumes, we used data from the U.S. Geological Survey, Potential Gas Committee, Energy Information Administration, National Petroleum Council, and Gas Technology Institute to evaluate relations among hydrocarbon resource types in the Appalachian, Black Warrior, Greater Green River, Illinois, San Juan, Uinta-Piceance, and Wind River basins. We chose these seven basins because they are mature basins for both conventional and unconventional oil and gas production. We assumed that a seven basin study would be sufficient for preliminary gas resource analysis and assessment of the new methodology. We developed a methodology we call PRISE, which uses software that investigates relationships among data published for both conventional and unconventional resources in the seven mature U.S. basins. PRISE was used to predict recoverable UG resources for target basins, on the basis of their known conventional resources. Input data for PRISE were cumulative production, proved reserves, growth, and undiscovered resources. We used published data to compare cumulative technically recoverable resources for each basin. For the seven basins studied, we found that 10% of the recoverable hydrocarbon resources are conventional oil and gas, and 90% are from unconventional resources. PRISE may be used to estimate the volume of hydrocarbon resources in any basin worldwide and, hopefully, assist early economic and development planning. PRISE methodology for estimating UG resources should be further tested in diverse sedimentary basin types.
Old, Sara
: Plasma-Hydrocarbon conversion
crude oil and hydrocarbon gases like natural gas, into lighter hydrocarbon materials (e.g. synthetic light oil).
Apparatus for hydrocarbon extraction
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Systems and methods for hydrocarbon extraction from hydrocarbon-containing material. Such systems and methods relate to extracting hydrocarbon from hydrocarbon-containing material employing a non-aqueous extractant. Additionally, such systems and methods relate to recovering and reusing non-aqueous extractant employed for extracting hydrocarbon from hydrocarbon-containing material.
Bohnert, George W.; Verhulst, Galen G.
Shale oil: U. S. and world resources and prospects for near-term commercialization in the United States
Although the United States has large resources of shale oil, several decades of development effort have yet to result in a viable industry. Because both the cost of the oil and the environmental impact of its production are not well known and seem to remain perennially at the margin of acceptability, the matter of commercialization has become a political issue. A variety of economic incentives and government programs to encourage commercial development have been proposed - some implemented - and several industrial corporations are proceeding cautiously. Conflicting political, economic, and environmental views, however, continue to preclude a decisive commitment and it does not appear at this time that significant quantities of shale oil will be available in the next decade, or probably even longer.
Marland, G.
Unconventional Fossil Energy Resource Program
fields, and enormous amounts of hydrocarbons are locked in unconventional reservoirs (oil shale, heavy oil, tar sands). * Economic extraction of these resources will require...
Removing the Hydrocarbon from Hydrocarbon Flow ...
... gas and petroleum products. Therefore is important to have primary calibration standards with low uncertainty. NIST has several hydrocarbon liquid ...
Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources
World oil use is projected to grow to 98 million b/d in 2015 and 118 million b/d in 2030. Total world natural gas consumption is projected to rise to 134 Tcf in 2015 and 182 Tcf in 2030. In an era of declining production and increasing demand, economically producing oil and gas from unconventional sources is a key challenge to maintaining global economic growth. Some unconventional hydrocarbon sources are already being developed, including gas shales, tight gas sands, heavy oil, oil sands, and coal bed methane. Roughly 20 years ago, gas production from tight sands, shales, and coals was considered uneconomic. Today, these resources provide 25% of the U.S. gas supply and that number is likely to increase. Venezuela has over 300 billion barrels of unproven extra-heavy oil reserves which would give it the largest reserves of any country in the world. It is currently producing over 550,000 b/d of heavy oil. Unconventional oil is also being produced in Canada from the Athabasca oil sands. 1.6 trillion barrels of oil are locked in the sands of which 175 billion barrels are proven reserves that can be recovered using current technology. Production from 29 companies now operating there exceeds 1 million barrels per day. The report provides an overview of continuous petroleum sources and gives a concise overview of the current status of varying types of unconventional oil and gas resources. Topics covered in the report include: an overview of the history of Oil and Natural Gas; an analysis of the Oil and Natural Gas industries, including current and future production, consumption, and reserves; a detailed description of the different types of unconventional oil and gas resources; an analysis of the key business factors that are driving the increased interest in unconventional resources; an analysis of the barriers that are hindering the development of unconventional resources; profiles of key producing regions; and, profiles of key unconventional oil and gas producers.
Classification of oil reserves and resources in the former Soviet Union
The terminology and principles of classification of oil reserves and resources that are presently used in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) differ from those in the Western countries. This difference stems from the specificity of the Soviet practice in exploration, assessment, and keeping a record of resources that were controlled by the centralized government. In the FSU, the fundamental approach to the assessment of hydrocarbon resources is traditionally based on the extent to which the resources are explored. Such important factors as thickness of separate reservoir beds, their quality, physical characteristics of oil, the recovery factor, and the economic efficiency are not considered. Owing to this approach, the resource base appeared to be strongly exaggerated due to inclusion of reserves and resources that are neither reliable nor technologically and economically viable. A critical analysis of the long-term dynamics of reserves in the leading oil-producing regions of Russia, including west Siberia, shows a negative effect of the obsolete classification and errors in resource assessment on the development and production of oil fields. The classification of hydrocarbon resources presently used in Russia should be changed so that the principles of the new classification would be similar to those commonly accepted in the oil business. A proposed new classification scheme will make the assessment of resource base for oil production in Russia more reliable. This scheme uses the principles of differentiation and assessment of hydrocarbon resources that are conventional in the world. Because no method of resource assessment is precise, the results of assessment should be presented in a probabilistic form or, at least, as an interval, but not as a single number assessment that is a common practice at present.
Khalimov, E.M. (Institute of Geology and Exploration of Combustible Fuels, Moscow (Russian Federation))
Web Resources - TMS
WEB RESOURCE: Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) DOE. World's ... Proposed radiation protection standards, 0, 594, Lynne Robinson, 5/15/2007 11:24 AM
Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #75: February 2, 1999 World...
Other Transporation .5 15 Other Sectors 1 27 Sources: Darmstadter, Joel, Energy in the World Economy, Resources for the Future, 1971 (world oil consumption in 1950) Davis, Stacy...
Substantially self-powered method and apparatus for recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing solid hydrates
A method and apparatus are provided for producing gaseous hydrocarbons from formations comprising solid hydrocarbon hydrates located under either a body of land or a body of water. The vast natural resources of such hydrocarbon hydrates can thus now be economically mined. Relatively warm brine or water is brought down from an elevation above that of the hydrates through a portion of the apparatus and passes in contact with the hydrates, thus melting them. The liquid then continues up another portion of the apparatus, carrying entrained hydrocarbon vapors in the form of bubbles, which can easily be separated from the liquid. After a short startup procedure, the process and apparatus are substantially self-powered.
Elliott, Guy R. B. (Los Alamos, NM); Barraclough, Bruce L. (Santa Fe, NM); Vanderborgh, Nicholas E. (Los Alamos, NM)
Apparatus for recovering gaseous hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing solid hydrates
A method and apparatus are provided for producing gaseous hydrocarbons from formations comprising solid hydrocarbon hydrates located under either a body of land or a body of water. The vast natural resources of such hydrocarbon hydrates can thus now be economically mined. Relatively warm brine or water is brought down from an elevation above that of the hydrates through a portion of the apparatus, and passes in contact with the hydrates, thus melting them. The liquid then continues up another portion of the apparatus carrying entrained hydrocarbon vapors in the form of bubbles, which can easily be separated from the liquid. After a short startup procedure, the process and apparatus are substantially self-powered.
Elliott, G.R.B.; Barraclough, B.L.; Vanderborgh, N.E.
George A. Olah, Carbocation and Hydrocarbon Chemistry
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
George A. Olah, Carbocation and Hydrocarbon Chemistry George A. Olah, Carbocation and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Resources with Additional Information · Patents George A. Olah Courtesy Rand Larson, Morningstar Productions George Olah received the 1994 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" and his 'role in the chemistry of hydrocarbons. In particular, he developed superacids ... that are much stronger than ordinary acids, are non-nucleophilic, and are fluid at low temperatures. In such media ... carbocations are stable and their physical properties ... can be observed, thus allowing details of their structures to be determined. Besides trivalent ions ... Olah demonstrated the existence of higher coordinate carbocations ... . These species do not violate the octet rule, but involve 2-electron 3-center bonding. '1
World Labs
Particle Physics Labs Worldwide Elementary Particles Detectors Accelerators Visit World Labs Brookhaven National Laboratory-RHIC CERN -- European Organization for Nuclear Research...
Configuring load as a resource for competitive electricity markets--Review of demand response programs in the U.S. and around the world
The restructuring of regional and national electricity markets in the U.S. and around the world has been accompanied by numerous problems, including generation capacity shortages, transmission congestion, wholesale price volatility, and reduced system reliability. These problems have created new opportunities for technologies and business approaches that allow load serving entities and other aggregators to control and manage the load patterns of wholesale and retail end-users they serve. Demand Response Programs, once called Load Management, have re-emerged as an important element in the fine-tuning of newly restructured electricity markets. During the summers of 1999 and 2001 they played a vital role in stabilizing wholesale markets and providing a hedge against generation shortfalls throughout the U.S.A. Demand Response Programs include ''traditional'' capacity reservation and interruptible/curtailable rates programs as well as voluntary demand bidding programs offered by either Load Serving Entities (LSEs) or regional Independent System Operators (ISOs). The Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) has been monitoring the development of new types of Demand Response Programs both in the U.S. and around the world. This paper provides a survey and overview of the technologies and program designs that make up these emerging and important new programs.
Heffner, Grayson C.
Plasma Processing Of Hydrocarbon
The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) developed several patented plasma technologies for hydrocarbon processing. The INL patents include nonthermal and thermal plasma technologies for direct natural gas to liquid conversion, upgrading low value heavy oil to synthetic light crude, and to convert refinery bottom heavy streams directly to transportation fuel products. Proof of concepts has been demonstrated with bench scale plasma processes and systems to convert heavy and light hydrocarbons to higher market value products. This paper provides an overview of three selected INL patented plasma technologies for hydrocarbon conversion or upgrade.
Grandy, Jon D; Peter C. Kong; Brent A. Detering; Larry D. Zuck
A New Global Unconventional Natural Gas Resource Assessment
In 1997, Rogner published a paper containing an estimate of the natural gas in place in unconventional reservoirs for 11 world regions. Rogner's work was assessing the unconventional gas resource base, and is now considered to be very conservative. Very little is known publicly about technically recoverable unconventional gas resource potential on a global scale. Driven by a new understanding of the size of gas shale resources in the United States, we estimated original gas in place (OGIP) and technically recoverable resource (TRR) in highly uncertain unconventional gas reservoirs, worldwide. We evaluated global unconventional OGIP by (1) developing theoretical statistic relationships between conventional hydrocarbon and unconventional gas; (2) fitting these relationships to North America publically available data; and (3) applying North American theoretical statistical relationships to evaluate the volume of unconventional gas resource of the world. Estimated global unconventional OGIP ranges from 83,300 (P10) to 184,200 (P90) Tcf. To assess global TRR from unconventional gas reservoirs, we developed a computer program that we call Unconventional Gas Resource Assessment System (UGRAS). In the program, we integrated a Monte Carlo technique with an analytical reservoir simulator to estimate the original volume of gas in place and to predict production performance. We used UGRAS to evaluate the probabilistic distribution of OGIP, TRR and recovery factor (RF) for the most productive unconventional gas formations in the North America. The P50 of recovery factor for shale gas, tight sands gas and coalbed methane is 25%, 79% and 41%, respectively. Finally, we applied our global OGIP assessment and these distributions of recovery factor gained from our analyses of plays/formations in the United States to estimate global technically recoverable unconventional gas resource. Global technically recoverable unconventional gas resource is estimated from 43,000 (P10) to 112,000 (P90) Tcf.
Dong, Zhenzhen
Hydrocarbon adsorption system
In a solid adsorbent hydrocarbon recovery system for processing natural gas, towers adapted for performing adsorbing, cooling, and regenerating functions are used. It is recommended that a regeneration gas be used of substantially uniform richness in hydrocarbons in the closed-cycle regeneration system. The natural gas stream is flowed through an adsorbent bed to remove liquid hydrocarbons. A portion of the stripped gas stream is flowed through a second adsorbent bed for cooling purposes. A heated, rich, regeneration gas is circulated through a closed-cycle regeneration system that includes a third adsorbent bed. This rich regeneration gas is combined with the stripped gas stream. These steps are repeated in a cyclic operation. (10 claims)
Humphries, C.L.
Hydrocarbon/Total Combustibles Sensor
the invention is an electrochemical hydrocarbon sensor that is more reliable and reproducible than any other hydrocarbon sensor on the market today. The patented method for producing the sensor ensures reproducibility and reduces the need for ...
Dispersant solutions for dispersing hydrocarbons
A dispersant solution includes a hydrocarbon dispersing solution derived from a bacterium from ATCC 75527, ATCC 75529, or ATCC 55638.
Tyndall, Richard L. (Clinton, TN)
Catalysts for hydrocarbon conversion
Catalyst, particularly useful in catalytic reforming and for producing highly pure aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising an alumina carrier and containing, expressed in proportion of the weight of the alumina carrier: 005 to 1% of platinum 01 to 4% of gallium, indium or thallium 01 to 2% of tungsten, and 1 to 10% of halogen.
Le P. J.; Malmaison, R.; Marcilly, C.; Martino, G.; Miquel, J.
The reserves of an oil or gas field cannot be measured directly but only estimated on the basis of geological and engineering knowledge and principles. Like all estimates, reserve estimates are subject to uncertainty. Furthermore, many are confidential or subject to "political " pressures. Companies use different numbers for internal and external purposes, and different companies
directory of sustainable building professionals, created and maintained by Sustainable Sources , an organization
Directory lists information, addresses, and phone numbers for 2,600 international, national, and regional organizations,organizations. Free software facilitates management of bibliographies, organizational and expertise directories,
site is a directory to more than 350 organizations concerneddirectory called The Environmental Guidebook, which profiles nearly 500 key organizations
the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in March of 1979."information about nuclear power plants, the industry, and
about how fuel cell and hybrid cars work, as well as ainformation about hybrid and electric cars and alternative
The History segment reveals how rapidly the oil industryHistory, and The Science, present aspects of the story. The Journey traces oil
Limited Casting Resources Meet World Class Ingenuity
This consisted of the adaptation of a drum-type blower fan taken from a discarded truck heater system. It was driven at high speed by a gasoline engine of a�...
World Engineering Anthropometry Resource Home Page
... Mr. Sandy Ressler (co-chair CODATA task group) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA; ... Webmaster: Sandy Ressler. ...
Thailand: World Oil Report 1991
This paper reports that, out of 104 new concessions offered during 1990 by the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) in Thailand, 33 concession blocks were recently awarded to 17 oil companies. Thailand and Vietnam also agreed last December to set up a joint committee as soon as possible to study exploration possibilities in the overlapping area both claim in the eastern Gulf of Thailand. PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) also is planning the joint development of an offshore area claimed by Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. If it materializes, all benefits and costs will be split three ways. The area between Thailand and Cambodia is thought to have high potential for hydrocarbons.
Khin, J.A. (AFKA Co., PTE Ltd. (SG))
Computer resources Computer resources
Computer resources 1 Computer resources available to the LEAD group Cédric David 30 September 2009 #12;Ouline · UT computer resources and services · JSG computer resources and services · LEAD computers· LEAD computers 2 #12;UT Austin services UT EID and Password 3 https://utdirect.utexas.edu #12;UT Austin
Yang, Zong-Liang
Image Resources
Mosaic of earth and sky images Mosaic of earth and sky images Image Resources Free image resources covering energy, environment, and general science. Here are some links to energy- and environment-related photographic databases. Berkeley Lab Photo Archive Berkeley Lab's online digital image collection. National Science Digital Library (NSDL) NSDL is the Nation's online library for education and research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The World Bank Group Photo Library A distinctive collection of over 11,000 images that illustrate development through topics such as Agriculture, Education, Environment, Health, Trade and more. Calisphere Compiles the digital collections of libraries, museums, and cultural heritage organizations across California, and organizes them by theme, such
5 World Oil Trends WORLD OIL TRENDS
5 World Oil Trends Chapter 1 WORLD OIL TRENDS INTRODUCTION In considering the outlook for California's petroleum supplies, it is important to give attention to expecta- tions of what the world oil market. Will world oil demand increase and, if so, by how much? How will world oil prices be affected
Hydrocarbon reclaimer system
This patent describes a filtering process for filtering sludge from a finished product oil storage tank and thereby separating solids from oil and hydrocarbon. The process requires no added water, solvents or diluents. It comprises: pumping a volume sludge from a finished product oil storage tank to a mixing tank; mixing the sludge; sampling the sludge to determine solid content; adding filter aid comprising diatomaceous earth to the mixing tank; mixing the filter aid with the sludge in the mixing tank; enclosing and sealing a plurality of filter plates inside a horizontal plate filter; pressurizing the horizontal plate filter by operation of pump means; pumping the sludge from the mixing tank through the horizontal plate filter to filter out solids; recirculating the sludge from the horizontal plate filter back through the mixing tank; and pumping a purified hydrocarbon and water filtrate from the horizontal plate filter.
Uremovich, M.J.
Recent investigations of the luminescence of frozen hydrocarbon particles of icy cometary halos have been carried out. The process of luminescence of organic icy particles in a short-wavelength solar radiation field is considered. A comparative analysis of observed and laboratory data leads to 72 luminescent emission lines in the spectrum of the comet 153P/Ikeya-Zhang. The concept of cometary relict matter is presented, and the creation of a database of unidentified cometary emission lines is proposed.
Simonia, Irakli, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Graduate Studies, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili Street, Tbilisi, 0162 (Georgia); Center for Astronomy, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811 (Australia)
Gas phase negative ion chemistry methods are employed to determine enthalpies of formation of hydrocarbon radicals that are important in combustion processes and to investigate the dynamics of ion-molecule reactions. Using guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry, we measure collisional threshold energies of endoergic proton transfer and hydrogen atom transfer reactions of hydrocarbon molecules with negative reagent ions. The measured reaction threshold energies for proton transfer yield the relative gas phase acidities. In an alternative methodology, competitive collision-induced dissociation of proton-bound ion-molecule complexes provides accurate gas phase acidities relative to a reference acid. Combined with the electron affinity of the R {center_dot} radical, the gas phase acidity yields the RH bond dissociation energy of the corresponding neutral molecule, or equivalently the enthalpy of formation of the R{center_dot} organic radical, using equation: D(R-H) = {Delta}{sub acid}H(RH) + EA(R) - IE(H). The threshold energy for hydrogen abstraction from a hydrocarbon molecule yields its hydrogen atom affinity relative to the reagent anion, providing the RH bond dissociation energy directly. Electronic structure calculations are used to evaluate the possibility of potential energy barriers or dynamical constrictions along the reaction path, and as input for RRKM and phase space theory calculations. In newer experiments, we have measured the product velocity distributions to obtain additional information on the energetics and dynamics of the reactions.
Kent M. Ervin, Principal Investigator
Long Term World Oil Supply - U.S. Energy Information ...
The following pages summarize a recent EIA presentation on estimates of the world conventional oil resource base and the year when production from it ...
... and is the cross correlation coefficient ... a NIST Hydrocarbon Liquid Flow Calibration Facility ... FED2004-56790, 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering ...
CIA-The World Factbook | Open Energy Information
CIA-The World Factbook CIA-The World Factbook Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: CIA-The World Factbook Agency/Company /Organization: United States Central Intelligence Agency Topics: Background analysis Resource Type: Dataset Website: www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html Cost: Free CIA-The World Factbook Screenshot References: CIA-The World Factbook[1] "The World Factbook provides information on the history, people, government, economy, geography, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues for 266 world entities. Our Reference tab includes: maps of the major world regions, as well as Flags of the World, a Physical Map of the World, a Political Map of the World, and a Standard Time Zones of the World map."
Water Use, Reuse and Conservation Strategies for Resource Projects
About this Abstract. Meeting, COM 2011. Symposium, WORLD GOLD. Presentation Title, Water Use, Reuse and Conservation Strategies for Resource Projects.
Final report to the National Science Foundation for the period July 1, 1978 to June 30, 1980 of project on cartel behavior and exhaustible resource supply : a case study of the world oil market.
The M.I.T. World Oil Project has been developing improved methods and data for analysis of the future course of the world oil market. Any forecast of this market depends on analysis of the likely demand for oil imports by ...
M.I.T. World Oil Project.
Tools & Resources: Resource Directory
that reduce air emissions. Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) A tool that provides data on the environmental characteristics of almost all electric...
Publications & Resources, Human Resources
or approved by Brookhaven National Laboratory or the Human Resources Division. Manuals Scientific Staff Manual Supervisors Personnel Manual SBMS Subject Areas Compensation...
Wind Energy Resource Basics | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Energy Resource Basics Wind Energy Resource Basics July 30, 2013 - 3:11pm Addthis Wind energy can be produced anywhere in the world where the wind blows with a strong and...
Kinetics simulation for natural gas conversion to unsaturated C? hydrocarbons
Natural gas resource is abundant and can be found throughout the world. But most natural gas reserves are at remote sites and considered stranded because of the extremely expensive transportation cost. Therefore advanced gas-to-liquid (GTL) techniques are being studied to convert natural gas to useful hydrocarbon liquids, which can be transported with far less cost. Direct pyrolysis of methane, followed by catalytic reaction, is a promising technology that can be commercialized in industry. In this process, methane is decomposed to ethylene, acetylene and carbon. Ethylene and acetylene are the desired products, while carbon formation should be stopped in the decomposition reaction. Some researchers have studied the dilution effect of various inert gases on carbon suppression. All previous results are based on the isothermal assumption. In this thesis, our simulator can be run under adiabatic conditions. We found there was a crossover temperature for carbon formation in the adiabatic case. Below the crossover temperature, the carbon formation from pure methane feed is higher than the one from a methane/hydrogen feed, while above the crossover temperature, the carbon formation from pure methane feed is lower than the one from a methane/hydrogen feed. In addition to the pure methane and methane/hydrogen feed, we also simulated the rich natural gas feed, rich natural gas with combustion gas, rich natural gas with combustion gas and methane recycle. We found the outlet temperature increases only slightly when we increase the initial feed temperature. Furthermore, the combustion gas or the recycled methane has a dilute effect, which increases the total heat capacity of reactants. The outlet temperature from the cracker will not drop so much when these gases are present, causing the methane conversion to increase correspondingly. Up to now there is no adiabatic simulator for methane pyrolysis. This work has significant meaning in practice, especially for rich natural gases.
Yang, Li
World Bank Group
purpose of this Good Practice Note is to increase the awareness of the health risks related to occupational asbestos exposure, provide a list of resources on international good practices available to minimize these risks, and present an overview of some of the available product alternatives on the market. The need to address asbestos-containing materials (ACM) as a hazard is no longer under debate but a widely accepted fact. Practices regarding asbestos that are normally considered acceptable by the World Bank Group (WBG) in projects supported through its lending or other instruments are addressed in the WBG�s General Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. 1 This Good Practice Note provide background and context for the guidance in the WBG EHS Guidelines. Good practice is to minimize the health risks associated with ACM by avoiding their use in new construction and renovation, and, if installed asbestos-containing materials are encountered, by using internationally recognized standards and best practices (such as those presented in Appendix 3) to mitigate their impact. In all cases, the Bank expects borrowers and other clients of World Bank funding to use alternative materials wherever feasible.
Progress report to the National Science Foundation for the period July 1, 1980 to December 31, 1981 of the project on cartel behavior and exhaustible resource supply : a case study of the world oil market
The M.I.T. World Oil Project has been developing forecasting methods that integrate the following considerations which influence investment in oil capacity and the level of oil exports: (1) the geology and microeconomics ...
International Energy Studies Program (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
World Biofuels Study
This report forms part of a project entitled 'World Biofuels Study'. The objective is to study world biofuel markets and to examine the possible contribution that biofuel imports could make to help meet the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA). The study was sponsored by the Biomass Program of the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), U.S. Department of Energy. It is a collaborative effort among the Office of Policy and International Affairs (PI), Department of Energy and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The project consisted of three main components: (1) Assessment of the resource potential for biofuel feedstocks such as sugarcane, grains, soybean, palm oil and lignocellulosic crops and development of supply curves (ORNL). (2) Assessment of the cost and performance of biofuel production technologies (NREL). (3) Scenario-based analysis of world biofuel markets using the ETP global energy model with data developed in the first parts of the study (BNL). This report covers the modeling and analysis part of the project conducted by BNL in cooperation with PI. The Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) energy system model was used as the analytical tool for this study. ETP is a 15 region global model designed using the MARKAL framework. MARKAL-based models are partial equilibrium models that incorporate a description of the physical energy system and provide a bottom-up approach to study the entire energy system. ETP was updated for this study with biomass resource data and biofuel production technology cost and performance data developed by ORNL and NREL under Tasks 1 and 2 of this project. Many countries around the world are embarking on ambitious biofuel policies through renewable fuel standards and economic incentives. As a result, the global biofuel demand is expected to grow very rapidly over the next two decades, provided policymakers stay the course with their policy goals. This project relied on a scenario-based analysis to study global biofuel markets. Scenarios were designed to evaluate the impact of different policy proposals and market conditions. World biofuel supply for selected scenarios is shown in Figure 1. The reference case total biofuel production increases from 12 billion gallons of ethanol equivalent in 2005 to 54 billion gallons in 2020 and 83 billion gallons in 2030. The scenarios analyzed show volumes ranging from 46 to 64 billion gallons in 2020, and from about 72 to about 100 billion gallons in 2030. The highest production worldwide occurs in the scenario with high feedstock availability combined with high oil prices and more rapid improvements in cellulosic biofuel conversion technologies. The lowest global production is found in the scenario with low feedstock availability, low oil prices and slower technology progress.
Energy Basics: Wind Energy Resources
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Resources Wind energy can be produced anywhere in the world where the wind blows with a strong and consistent force. Windier locations produce more energy, which lowers the cost of...
World Bank Good Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue
Good Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue Good Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue Generating-Entities Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: World Bank Good Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue Generating-Entities Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Topics: Finance Resource Type: Guide/manual Website: siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRANETFINANCIALMGMT/Resources/FMB-Notes/ References: World Bank Good Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue Generating-Entities[1] References ↑ "World Bank Good Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue Generating-Entities" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=World_Bank_Good_Practice_Guidelines:_Financial_Analysis_of_Revenue_Generating-Entities&oldid=329414"
Oil reservoir characterization using ensemble data assimilation
Increasing world energy demand combined with decreasing discoveries of new and accessible hydrocarbon reserves are necessitating optimal recovery from the world's current hydrocarbon resources. Advances in drilling and ...
Jafarpour, Behnam
A National Resource
National Resource National Resource for Industry Manufacturing DeMonstration facility As the nation's premier research laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory is one of the world's most capable resources for transforming the next generation of scientific discovery into solutions for rebuilding and revitalizing America's manufacturing industries. These industries call upon ORNL's expertise in materials synthesis, characterization, and process technology to reduce risk and accelerate the development and deployment of innovative energy-efficient manufacturing processes and materials targeting products of the future. The Department of Energy's first Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF), established at ORNL, helps industry adopt new manufacturing technologies to reduce life-cycle energy and
Hydrocarbons in the deep earth
composed of the elements hydrogen and carbon) are the main building block of crude oil and natural gas. Hydrocarbons contribute to the global carbon cycle (one of the most...
Hydrocarbon adsorption apparatus and process
A method of recovering hydrocarbons from natural gas by the use of solid adsorbents consists of 3 steps. The main flow stream of natural gas is passed through a first and only bed of solid adsorbent so that at least a portion of the hydrocarbons present is adsorbed in the bed. A heated regeneration gas is next passed through a second bed of solid adsorbent so that at least a portion of the hydrocarbons is desorbed from the bed. The main flow of natural gas is passed through the second and only bed when in a heated condition after regeneration and the flow of heated regeneration gas is passed through the first bed. The hydrocarbons desorbed from the first and second beds from the regeneration gas are recovered while the previous 3 steps are repeated. (6 claims)
Low Carbon World | Open Energy Information
Low Carbon World Low Carbon World Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: LowCarbonWorld Agency/Company /Organization: LowCarbonEconomy Partner: United Nations Environment Programme Sector: Energy, Land Topics: GHG inventory, Background analysis Resource Type: Dataset, Maps Website: www.lowcarboneconomy.com/Low_Carbon_World/Data/Home LowCarbonWorld Screenshot References: LowCarbonWorld[1] Background The idea behind this project was conceived at the 2008 United Nations Conference of Parties (COP14) event in Poznan (Poland). By listening to many speeches by energy ministers from numerous countries in the high level segment of the event, Toddington Harper Managing Director of The Low Carbon Economy Ltd (TLCE) became aware of the depth of valuable information being
World Bank Safeguard Policies | Open Energy Information
World Bank Safeguard Policies World Bank Safeguard Policies Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: World Bank Safeguard Policies Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Topics: Policies/deployment programs Resource Type: Guide/manual, Training materials, Lessons learned/best practices Website: web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,m References: World Bank Safeguard Policies [1] Overview "The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its support to sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for bank and borrower staffs in the identification, preparation, and
Conversion of associated natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons. Final report, June 1, 1995--January 31, 1997
The original concept envisioned for the use of Fischer-Tropsch processing (FTP) of United States associated natural gas in this study was to provide a way of utilizing gas which could not be brought to market because a pipeline was not available or for which there was no local use. Conversion of gas by FTP could provide a means of utilizing offshore associated gas which would not require installation of a pipeline or re-injection. The premium quality F-T hydrocarbons produced by conversion of the gas can be transported in the same way as the crude oil or in combination (blended) with it, eliminating the need for a separate gas transport system. FTP will produce a synthetic crude oil, thus increasing the effective size of the resource. The two conventional approaches currently used in US territory for handling of natural gas associated with crude petroleum production are re-injection and pipelining. Conversion of natural gas to a liquid product which can be transported to shore by tanker can be accomplished by FTP to produce hydrocarbons, or by conversion to chemical products such as methanol or ammonia, or by cryogenic liquefaction (LNG). This study considers FTP and briefly compares it to methanol and LNG. The Energy International Corporation cobalt catalyst, ratio adjusted, slurry bubble column F-T process was used as the basis for the study and the comparisons. An offshore F-T plant can best be accommodated by an FPSO (Floating Production, Storage, Offloading vessel) based on a converted surplus tanker, such as have been frequently used around the world recently. Other structure types used in deep water (platforms) are more expensive and cannot handle the required load.
Hospitality resources | ENERGY STAR
manufacturing resources K-12 school resources Multifamily housing resources Restaurant resources Retail resources Senior care resources Small business resources State and...
Healthcare resources | ENERGY STAR
Congregation resources | ENERGY STAR
From a geological perspective, deep natural gas resources are generally defined as resources occurring in reservoirs at or below 15,000 feet, whereas ultra-deep gas occurs below 25,000 feet. From an operational point of view, ''deep'' is often thought of in a relative sense based on the geologic and engineering knowledge of gas (and oil) resources in a particular area. Deep gas can be found in either conventionally-trapped or unconventional basin-center accumulations that are essentially large single fields having spatial dimensions often exceeding those of conventional fields. Exploration for deep conventional and unconventional basin-center natural gas resources deserves special attention because these resources are widespread and occur in diverse geologic environments. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated that 939 TCF of technically recoverable natural gas remained to be discovered or was part of reserve appreciation from known fields in the onshore areas and State waters of the United. Of this USGS resource, nearly 114 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of technically-recoverable gas remains to be discovered from deep sedimentary basins. Worldwide estimates of deep gas are also high. The U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 Project recently estimated a world mean undiscovered conventional gas resource outside the U.S. of 844 Tcf below 4.5 km (about 15,000 feet). Less is known about the origins of deep gas than about the origins of gas at shallower depths because fewer wells have been drilled into the deeper portions of many basins. Some of the many factors contributing to the origin of deep gas include the thermal stability of methane, the role of water and non-hydrocarbon gases in natural gas generation, porosity loss with increasing thermal maturity, the kinetics of deep gas generation, thermal cracking of oil to gas, and source rock potential based on thermal maturity and kerogen type. Recent experimental simulations using laboratory pyrolysis methods have provided much information on the origins of deep gas. Technologic problems are one of the greatest challenges to deep drilling. Problems associated with overcoming hostile drilling environments (e.g. high temperatures and pressures, and acid gases such as CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}S) for successful well completion, present the greatest obstacles to drilling, evaluating, and developing deep gas fields. Even though the overall success ratio for deep wells is about 50 percent, a lack of geological and geophysical information such as reservoir quality, trap development, and gas composition continues to be a major barrier to deep gas exploration. Results of recent finding-cost studies by depth interval for the onshore U.S. indicate that, on average, deep wells cost nearly 10 times more to drill than shallow wells, but well costs and gas recoveries vary widely among different gas plays in different basins. Based on an analysis of natural gas assessments, many topical areas hold significant promise for future exploration and development. One such area involves re-evaluating and assessing hypothetical unconventional basin-center gas plays. Poorly-understood basin-center gas plays could contain significant deep undiscovered technically-recoverable gas resources.
Thaddeus S. Dyman; Troy Cook; Robert A. Crovelli; Allison A. Henry; Timothy C. Hester; Ronald C. Johnson; Michael D. Lewan; Vito F. Nuccio; James W. Schmoker; Dennis B. Riggin; Christopher J. Schenk
Teacher Resource Center: Curricular Resources
Curricular Resources Curricular Resources TRC Home TRC Fact Sheet Library Curricular Resources Science Fair Resources Bibliographies sciencelines The Best of sciencelines Archives Annotated List of URLs Catalog Teacher's Lounge Full Workshop Catalog Customized Workshops Scheduled Workshops Special Opportunities Teacher Networks Science Lab Fermilab Science Materials Samplers Order Form Science Safety Issues Tech Room Fermilab Web Resources The Teacher Resource Center provides workshops and consultations on Mathematics and Science Curriculum development. Here are a list of resources for educators. See the 'Customized Workshops" link in the "Teacher's Lounge" for information about more workshops available through the TRC. Key Science Resources for Curriculum Planning Key Science Resources for Curriculum Planning
Long Term World Oil Supply
0 0 Notes: The following pages summarize a recent EIA presentation on estimates of the world conventional oil resource base and the year when production from it will peak and then begin to decline. A version of this presentation was given by former EIA Administrator Jay Hakes to the April 18, 2000 meeting of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in New Orleans, Louisiana. Specific information about this presentation may be obtained from John Wood (email@example.com), Gary Long (firstname.lastname@example.com) or David Morehouse (firstname.lastname@example.com). Long Term World Oil Supply http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/presentations/2000/long_term_supply/sld001.htm [8/10/2000 4:56:23 PM] Slide 2 of 20 http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/presentations/2000/long_term_supply/sld002.htm [8/10/2000 4:56:24 PM]
A material resource evaluation for UMore
the biggest industrial project mankind has undertaken since the Tower of Babel." Scientists point to buildings as major contributors to climate change--comprising some 30% of world energy consumption for conditioning environment. These trends highlight the imminent transition from an industrialized, hydrocarbon-based global
Netoff, Theoden
The World Bank - Transport | Open Energy Information
The World Bank - Transport The World Bank - Transport Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: The World Bank - Transport Agency/Company /Organization: The World Bank Focus Area: Governance - Planning - Decision-Making Structure Topics: Analysis Tools Resource Type: Website Website: go.worldbank.org/0SYYVJWB40 This website provides relevant information about transport, focusing on The World Bank Transport Strategy - Safe, Clean and Affordable - Transport for Development. The website includes international publications and toolkits classified by type of transport and/or region/country. How to Use This Tool This tool is most helpful when using these strategies: Avoid - Cut the need for travel Shift - Change to low-carbon modes Improve - Enhance infrastructure & policies
Cleanup of hydrocarbon conversion system
This patent describes a process for the catalytic reforming of a substantially contaminant-free second hydrocarbon feed using a second reforming catalyst, in a catalytic-reforming system having equipment contaminated through contact with a contaminant-containing prior feed. It comprises: contacting the first hydrocarbon feed in the catalytic-reforming system at first reforming conditions with a first reforming catalyst until contaminant removal from the conversion system is substantially completed and the system is contaminant-free; thereafter replacing the first reforming catalyst in the contaminant-free catalytic-reforming system with a second reforming catalyst; and thereafter contacting the second hydrocarbon feed in the contaminant-free catalytic-reforming system with the second reforming catalyst at second reforming conditions.
Peer, R.L.; Russ, M.B.
Enrichment of light hydrocarbon mixture
Light hydrocarbon enrichment is accomplished using a vertically oriented distillation column having a plurality of vertically oriented, nonselective micro/mesoporous hollow fibers. Vapor having, for example, both propylene and propane is sent upward through the distillation column in between the hollow fibers. Vapor exits neat the top of the column and is condensed to form a liquid phase that is directed back downward through the lumen of the hollow fibers. As vapor continues to ascend and liquid continues to countercurrently descend, the liquid at the bottom of the column becomes enriched in a higher boiling point, light hydrocarbon (propane, for example) and the vapor at the top becomes enriched in a lower boiling point light hydrocarbon (propylene, for example). The hollow fiber becomes wetted with liquid during the process.
Yang, Dali (Los Alamos, NM); Devlin, David (Santa Fe, NM); Barbero, Robert S. (Santa Cruz, NM); Carrera, Martin E. (Naperville, IL); Colling, Craig W. (Warrenville, IL)
Yang; Dali (Los Alamos, NM); Devlin, David (Santa Fe, NM); Barbero, Robert S. (Santa Cruz, NM); Carrera, Martin E. (Naperville, IL); Colling, Craig W. (Warrenville, IL)
Biological enhancement of hydrocarbon extraction
A method of microbial enhanced oil recovery for recovering oil from an oil-bearing rock formation is provided. The methodology uses a consortium of bacteria including a mixture of surfactant producing bacteria and non-surfactant enzyme producing bacteria which may release hydrocarbons from bitumen containing sands. The described bioprocess can work with existing petroleum recovery protocols. The consortium microorganisms are also useful for treatment of above oil sands, ground waste tailings, subsurface oil recovery, and similar materials to enhance remediation and/or recovery of additional hydrocarbons from the materials.
Brigmon, Robin L. (North Augusta, SC); Berry, Christopher J. (Aiken, SC)
Catalytic Conversion of Bioethanol to Hydrocarbons ...
Conventional biomass to hydrocarbon conversion is generally not commercially feasible, due to costs of the conversion process.
MathematicalModelingofCarbonDioxide(CO2)Injection intheSubsurfaceforImprovedHydrocarbonRecoveryand
and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA World Energy Demand Global energy demand from fossil fuels is expected to remain over 70% in 2035 [1]. Society must balance its high demand, CA, USA). Carbon Dioxide Injection for Improved Hydrocarbon Recovery Simulation of diffusion
Firoozabadi, Abbas
Hydrocarbons from plants and trees
The way energy was used in the US in 1980 was examined. A diagram shows the development of energy from its source to its end use. The following are described: the carbon dioxide problem - the greenhouse effect, sugar cane as an energy source, hydrocarbon-producing plants and trees, and isoprenoids from plants and trees. (MHR)
Calvin, M.
The purpose of this report is to summarize the scientific work that was performed to evaluate and assess the occurrence and economic potential of natural resources within the geologic setting of the Yucca Mountain area. The extent of the regional areas of investigation for each commodity differs and those areas are described in more detail in the major subsections of this report. Natural resource assessments have focused on an area defined as the ''conceptual controlled area'' because of the requirements contained in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulation, 10 CFR Part 60, to define long-term boundaries for potential radionuclide releases. New requirements (proposed 10 CFR Part 63 [Dyer 1999]) have obviated the need for defining such an area. However, for the purposes of this report, the area being discussed, in most cases, is the previously defined ''conceptual controlled area'', now renamed the ''natural resources site study area'' for this report (shown on Figure 1). Resource potential can be difficult to assess because it is dependent upon many factors, including economics (demand, supply, cost), the potential discovery of new uses for resources, or the potential discovery of synthetics to replace natural resource use. The evaluations summarized are based on present-day use and economic potential of the resources. The objective of this report is to summarize the existing reports and information for the Yucca Mountain area on: (1) Metallic mineral and mined energy resources (such as gold, silver, etc., including uranium); (2) Industrial rocks and minerals (such as sand, gravel, building stone, etc.); (3) Hydrocarbons (including oil, natural gas, tar sands, oil shales, and coal); and (4) Geothermal resources. Groundwater is present at the Yucca Mountain site at depths ranging from 500 to 750 m (about 1,600 to 2,500 ft) below the ground surface. Groundwater resources are not discussed in this report, but are planned to be included in the hydrology section of future revisions of the ''Yucca Mountain Site Description'' (CRWMS M&O 2000c).
D.F. Fenster
International Energy Outlook 2000 - World Energy Consumption
The IEO2000 projections indicate continued growth in world energy use, including large increases for the developing economies of Asia and South America. Energy resources are thought to be adequate to support the growth expected through 2020. The IEO2000 projections indicate continued growth in world energy use, including large increases for the developing economies of Asia and South America. Energy resources are thought to be adequate to support the growth expected through 2020. Current Trends Influencing World Energy Demand Changing world events and their effects on world energy markets shape the long-term view of trends in energy demand. Several developments in 1999shifting short-term world oil markets, the recovery of developing Asian markets, and a faster than expected recovery in the economies of the former Soviet Union are reflected in the projections presented in this years International Energy Outlook 2000 (IEO2000). In 1998, oil prices reached 20-year lows as a result of oil surpluses
Syngas Upgrading to Hydrocarbon Fuels Technology Pathway
This technology pathway case investigates the upgrading of woody biomass derived synthesis gas (syngas) to hydrocarbon biofuels. While this specific discussion focuses on the conversion of syngas via a methanol intermediate to hydrocarbon blendstocks, there are a number of alternative conversion routes for production of hydrocarbons through a wide array of intermediates from syngas. Future work will also consider the variations to this pathway to determine the most economically viable and lowest risk conversion route. Technical barriers and key research needs have been identified that should be pursued for the syngas-to-hydrocarbon pathway to be competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline-, diesel- and jet-range hydrocarbon blendstocks.
Talmadge, M.; Biddy, M.; Dutta, A.; Jones, S.; Meyer, A.
The restructuring of regional and national electricity markets in the U.S. and around the world has been accompanied by numerous problems, including generation capacity shortages, transmission congestion, wholesale price volatility, and reduced system reliability. These problems have created new opportunities for technologies and business approaches that allow load serving entities and other aggregators to control and manage the load patterns of wholesale and retail end-users they serve. Demand Response Programs, once called Load Management, have re-emerged as an important element in the fine-tuning of newly restructured electricity markets. During the summers of 1999 and 2001 they played a vital role in stabilizing wholesale markets and providing a hedge
Grayson C. Heffner; Grayson C. Heffner
WorldScan | Open Energy Information
WorldScan WorldScan Jump to: navigation, search LEDSGP green logo.png FIND MORE DIA TOOLS This tool is part of the Development Impacts Assessment (DIA) Toolkit from the LEDS Global Partnership. Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: WorldScan Agency/Company /Organization: Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) Sector: Climate, Energy Complexity/Ease of Use: Moderate Website: www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=1923 Related Tools Marginal Abatement Cost Tool (MACTool) Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) Gold Standard Program Model ... further results A recursively dynamic general equilibrium model for the world economy, developed for the analysis of long-term issues in international economics; used both as a tool to construct long-term scenarios and as an instrument
International Energy Outlook 1999 - World Energy Consumption
world.gif (5615 bytes) world.gif (5615 bytes) The IEO99 projections indicate substantial growth in world energy use,including substantial increases for the developing economies of Asia and South America. Resource availability is not expected to limit the growth of energy markets. In 1998, expectations for economic growth and energy market performance in many areas of the world were dashed. The Asian economic crisis proved to be deeper and more persistent than originally anticipated, and the threat and reality of spillover effects grew through the year. Oil prices crashed. Russias economy collapsed. Economic and social problems intensified in energy- exporting countries and in emerging economies of Asia and South America. Deepening recession in Japan made recovery more difficult in Asia
Peru-World Bank Climate Projects | Open Energy Information
World Bank Climate Projects World Bank Climate Projects Jump to: navigation, search Name Peru-World Bank Climate Projects Agency/Company /Organization World Bank Sector Energy, Land Focus Area Renewable Energy, Hydro, Transportation, Forestry Topics Background analysis Country Peru South America References World Bank Project Database - Peru[1] Contents 1 Active Projects 1.1 Water Resources Management Modernization - IBRD/IDA 1.2 PE Santa Rosa Hydro Carbon Finance 1.3 PERU - Poechos Hydropower Project 1.4 LIMA TRANSPORT 1.5 PE Huaycoloro Landfill Gas Recovery 2 References Active Projects The World Bank currently has the following climate projects active in Peru: Water Resources Management Modernization - IBRD/IDA (10M - Active) PE Santa Rosa Hydro Carbon Finance (1.5M) Carbon Offset PERU - Poechos Hydropower Project (1.2M) Carbon Offset
Dynamic Distributed Resource Allocation: A Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Approach
In distributed resource allocation a set of agents must assign their resources to a set of tasks. This problem arises in many real-world domains such as distributed sensor networks, disaster rescue, hospital scheduling and others. Despite the variety ...
Pragnesh Jay Modi; Hyuckchul Jung; Milind Tambe; Wei-Min Shen; Shriniwas Kulkarni
Materials for Nuclear Power: Digital Resource Center - WEB ... - TMS
Feb 16, 2007 ... Topic Title: WEB RESOURCE: Virtual Nuclear Tourist! Nuclear Plants Around the ... Nuclear Power Plants Around the World.22 January 2006.
High Resolution Solar Energy Resource Assessment within the UNEP...
High Resolution Solar Energy Resource Assessment within the UNEP Project SWERA
(Abstract):��To expand the world wide use of renewable energy a consistent,...
Hydrocarbon Technologies | Open Energy Information
Hydrocarbon Technologies Hydrocarbon Technologies Place Lawrenceville, New Jersey Zip 8648 Sector Efficiency Product String representation "Technology-base ... onmental risks." is too long. Coordinates 36.761678°, -77.845048° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":36.761678,"lon":-77.845048,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Technical Resources
AOCS Resource Directory helps members maintain technical excellence in their professions. Technical Resources Analytical Chemistry acid analysis Analytical Chemistry aocs applicants april articles atomic)FluorometryDifferential scanning calorimetry chemi
Deep desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels
The invention relates to processes for reducing the sulfur content in hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel. The invention provides a method and materials for producing ultra low sulfur content transportation fuels for motor vehicles as well as for applications such as fuel cells. The materials and method of the invention may be used at ambient or elevated temperatures and at ambient or elevated pressures without the need for hydrogen.
Song, Chunshan (State College, PA); Ma, Xiaoliang (State College, PA); Sprague, Michael J. (Calgary, CA); Subramani, Velu (State College, PA)
Metagenomics for Greener Production and Extraction of Hydrocarbon Energy
transition to unconvention~loil could also shift the balanceof powerin world oil markets.This study. WHAT IS OIL? In this reporttwo kinds of oil are distinguished,conventionaland unconventional offshore crude oil was considered an unconventional resource. From that per- spective, what is called here
Gieg, Lisa
NREL: Energy Analysis: Resource Assessment
Resource Assessment Resource Assessment NREL has developed maps and tools to conduct renewable energy resource assessments at the state, national and international level. Around the world, interest is growing in renewable energy as a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy security. The starting point for new renewable energy projects is a characterization of the renewable resources available across a region, a resource assessment. NREL uses geospatial data sets to identify regions that are appropriate for renewable development and those that should be excluded such as water bodies, urban areas, cropland, forests, very steep terrain, and protected areas. Once resource data are available for a region, NREL can estimate the theoretical potential, or upper limit, for renewable energy in an area.
2005 World Oleochemical Conference
This CD-ROM is a compilation of the PowerPoint presentations given at the 2005 World Oleochemical Conference, Meeting Demands of the Future, held 10-13 April 2005, Athens, Greece. 2005 World Oleochemical Conference DVD & CD-ROMs Food Science & Technology
Western Energy Corridor -- Energy Resource Report
The world is facing significant growth in energy demand over the next several decades. Strategic in meeting this demand are the world-class energy resources concentrated along the Rocky Mountains and northern plains in Canada and the U.S., informally referred to as the Western Energy Corridor (WEC). The fossil energy resources in this region are rivaled only in a very few places in the world, and the proven uranium reserves are among the world's largest. Also concentrated in this region are renewable resources contributing to wind power, hydro power, bioenergy, geothermal energy, and solar energy. Substantial existing and planned energy infrastructure, including refineries, pipelines, electrical transmission lines, and rail lines provide access to these resources.
Leslie Roberts; Michael Hagood
The following report summarizes work conducted during the Phase I program Hydrocarbon and Sulfur Sensors for SOFC Systems under contract No. DE-FC26-02NT41576. For the SOFC application, sensors are required to monitor hydrocarbons and sulfur in order to increase the operation life of SOFC components. This report discusses the development of two such sensors, one based on thick film approach for sulfur monitoring and the second galvanic based for hydrocarbon monitoring.
A.M. Azad; Chris Holt; Todd Lesousky; Scott Swartz
Catalytic Conversion of Bioethanol to Hydrocarbons
ORNL 2011-G00219/jcn UT-B ID 201002414 08.2011 Catalytic Conversion of Bioethanol to Hydrocarbons Technology Summary A method for catalytically converting an alcohol ...
Membrane separation of hydrocarbons using cycloparaffinic solvents
Heavy crude oils which contain metal contaminants such as nickel, vanadium and iron may be separated from light hydrocarbon oils by passing a solution of the crude oil dissolved in a cycloparaffinic hydrocarbon solvent containing from about 5 to about 8 carbon atoms by passing through a polymeric membrane which is capable of maintaining its integrity in the presence of hydrocarbon compounds. The light hydrocarbon oils which possess relatively low molecular weights will be recovered as the permeate while the heavy oils which possess relatively high molecular weights as well as the metal contaminants will be recovered as the retentate.
Kulkarni, Sudhir S. (Hoffman Estates, IL); Chang, Y. Alice (Westmont, IL); Gatsis, John G. (Des Plaines, IL); Funk, Edward W. (Highland Park, IL)
ORNL 2011-G00219/jcn UT-B ID 201002414 08.2011 Catalytic Conversion of Bioethanol to Hydrocarbons Technology Summary A method for catalytically ...
Nox reduction system utilizing pulsed hydrocarbon injection
Hydrocarbon co-reductants, such as diesel fuel, are added by pulsed injection to internal combustion engine exhaust to reduce exhaust NO.sub.x to N.sub.2 in the presence of a catalyst. Exhaust NO.sub.x reduction of at least 50% in the emissions is achieved with the addition of less than 5% fuel as a source of the hydrocarbon co-reductants. By means of pulsing the hydrocarbon flow, the amount of pulsed hydrocarbon vapor (itself a pollutant) can be minimized relative to the amount of NO.sub.x species removed.
Brusasco, Raymond M. (Livermore, CA); Penetrante, Bernardino M. (San Ramon, CA); Vogtlin, George E. (Fremont, CA); Merritt, Bernard T. (Livermore, CA)
Kulkarni, S.S.; Chang, Y.A.; Gatsis, J.G.; Funk, E.W.
Chile-World Bank Climate Projects | Open Energy Information
World Bank Climate Projects World Bank Climate Projects Jump to: navigation, search Name Chile-World Bank Climate Projects Agency/Company /Organization World Bank Sector Energy Topics Background analysis Resource Type Dataset Country Chile South America References World Bank Project Database - Chile[1] Contents 1 World Bank Active Climate Projects in Chile 1.1 CL Securitization and Carbon Sinks Project 1.2 Chile Santiago Composting Project 1.3 Chile Quilleco Hydropower Project 1.4 Chile Hornitos Project (Chacabuquito II) 1.5 Sustainable Transport and Air Quality for Santiago (GEF) 1.6 Chile Sustainable Land Management Project 2 References World Bank Active Climate Projects in Chile CL Securitization and Carbon Sinks Project Chile Santiago Composting Project Chile Quilleco Hydropower Project
IRF-World Road Statistics | Open Energy Information
IRF-World Road Statistics IRF-World Road Statistics Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: IRF-World Road Statistics Agency/Company /Organization: International Road Statistics Focus Area: Transportation, Economic Development Resource Type: Dataset Website: www.irfnet.org/statistics.php Cost: Paid IRF-World Road Statistics Screenshot References: IRF-World Road Statistics[1] "IRF World Road Statistics (WRS) compiles the most up-to-date official international road, traffic and transport data. The publication further provides a selection of the latest Sustainable Development Indicators and other data of key relevance, not only to industry and business but also to leading international organisations and financial institutions." References ↑ "IRF-World Road Statistics"
International Energy Outlook 2006 - World Energy and Economic Outlook
1: World Energy and Economic Outlook 1: World Energy and Economic Outlook The IEO2006 projections indicate continued growth in world energy use, despite world oil prices that are 35 percent higher in 2025 than projected in last years outlook. Energy resources are thought to be adequate to support the growth expected through 2030. Figure 7. World Marketed Energy Consumption, 1980-2030 (Quadrillion Btu). Need help, contact the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Figure Data Figure 8. World Marketed Energy Use: OECD and Non-OECD, 1980-2030 (Quadrillion Btu). Need help, contact the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Figure Data Table 1. World Marketed Energy Consumption by Country Grouping, 2003-2030 (Quadrillion Btu) Printer friendly version Region 2003 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Average Annual Percent Change, 2003-2030
International Energy Outlook - World Energy and Economic Outlook
World Energy and Economic Outlook World Energy and Economic Outlook International Energy Outlook 2004 World Energy and Economic Outlook The IEO2004 projections indicate continued growth in world energy use, including large increases for the developing economies of Asia. Energy resources are thought to be adequate to support the growth expected through 2025. Figure 12. World Primary Energy Consumption, 1970-2025. Need help, call the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800 Figure Data Figure 13. World Energy Consumption by Region, 1970-2025. Need help, call the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Figure Data Figure 14. World Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 1970-2025. Need help, call the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Figure Data
Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue Generating-Entities (Redirected from General Renewable Energy-Economic and Financial Analysis) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: World Bank Good Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue Generating-Entities Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Topics: Finance Resource Type: Guide/manual Website: siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRANETFINANCIALMGMT/Resources/FMB-Notes/ References: World Bank Good Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue Generating-Entities[1] References ↑ "World Bank Good Practice Guidelines: Financial Analysis of Revenue Generating-Entities" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=World_Bank_Good_Practice_Guidelines:_Financial_Analysis_of_Revenue_Generating-Entities&oldid=329414
World Bank Renewable Energy Toolkit | Open Energy Information
World Bank Renewable Energy Toolkit World Bank Renewable Energy Toolkit Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: World Bank Renewable Energy Toolkit Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Solar, Wind Topics: Finance, Implementation, Market analysis, Policies/deployment programs, Resource assessment, Pathways analysis Resource Type: Publications, Guide/manual, Training materials, Lessons learned/best practices Website: web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTENERGY2/EXTRENENERGYTK/0,, References: World Bank RE Toolkit Homepage [1] The Word Bank's REToolKit is designed "to assist Bank staff and country counterparts to improve the design and implementation of renewable energy (RE) projects, incorporates best practices and lessons learned from RE
Safety Resources
Resources Print LBNLPub-3000: Health and Safety Manual Berkeley Lab safety guide, policies and procedures. Environment, Health, and Safety (EH&S) Staff Contact information for the...
Biomass Resources
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Biomass resources include any plant-derived organic matter that is available on a renewable basis. These materials are commonly referred to as feedstocks.
Unconventional Energy Resources: 2011 Review
This report contains nine unconventional energy resource commodity summaries prepared by committees of the Energy Minerals Division (EMD) of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Unconventional energy resources, as used in this report, are those energy resources that do not occur in discrete oil or gas reservoirs held in structural or stratigraphic traps in sedimentary basins. These resources include coal, coalbed methane, gas hydrates, tight gas sands, gas shale and shale oil, geothermal resources, oil sands, oil shale, and uranium resources. Current U.S. and global research and development activities are summarized for each unconventional energy commodity in the topical sections of this report. Coal and uranium are expected to supply a significant portion of the world's energy mix in coming years. Coalbed methane continues to supply about 9% of the U.S. gas production and exploration is expanding in other countries. Recently, natural gas produced from shale and low-permeability (tight) sandstone has made a significant contribution to the energy supply of the United States and is an increasing target for exploration around the world. In addition, oil from shale and heavy oil from sandstone are a new exploration focus in many areas (including the Green River area of Wyoming and northern Alberta). In recent years, research in the areas of geothermal energy sources and gas hydrates has continued to advance. Reviews of the current research and the stages of development of these unconventional energy resources are described in the various sections of this report.
Collaboration: American Association of Petroleum Geologists
International Energy Outlook 2001 - World Oil Markets
World Oil Markets World Oil Markets picture of a printer Printer Friendly Version (PDF) In the IEO2001 forecast, periodic production adjustments by OPEC members are not expected to have a significant long-term impact on world oil markets. Prices are projected to rise gradually through 2020 as the oil resource base is expanded. Crude oil prices remained above $25 per barrel in nominal terms for most of 2000 and have been near $30 per barrel in the early months of 2001. Prices were influenced by the disciplined adherence to announced cutbacks in production by members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPECs successful market management strategy was an attempt to avoid a repeat of the ultra-low oil price environment of 1998 and early 1999. Three additional factors contributed to the resiliency of oil prices in
Conversion of organic solids to hydrocarbons
A method of converting organic solids to liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons includes impregnating an organic solid with photosensitizing ions and exposing the impregnated solid to light in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a time sufficient to photocatalytically reduce the solid to at least one of a liquid and a gaseous hydrocarbon.
Greenbaum, Elias (Oak Ridge, TN)
A method of converting organic solids to liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons includes impregnating an organic solid with photosensitizing ions and exposing the impregnated solid to light in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a time sufficient to photocatalytically reduce the solid to at least one of a liquid and a gaseous hydrocarbon. 5 Figs.
Greenbaum, E.
Mobile Resources
Mobile Resources Mobile Resources Mobile Resources Have a mobile device? Find tips and information here. Questions? 505-667-5809 Email For information call the Service Desk at (505) 667-5809 or email email@example.com The following resources are optimized for mobile devices or have mobile apps available for download. Resource Available App Mobile Website Available off Yellow Network with Pairing or Login Additional Information AACR Journals Apple Yes, the Journals are optimized for mobile viewing. Not the whole AACR site. Instructional pdf on pairing with voucher ACS Apple Android No American Institute of Physics Apple No American Mathematical Society No Yes Instructions for pairing mobile devices, tablets, laptops, etc. American Physical Society No Annual Reviews No Yes Instructions for pairing with mobile device available on website.
Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Hydrocarbon Air Quality Standards, and...
Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Hydrocarbon Air Quality Standards, and Related Emission Requirements (Ohio) Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Hydrocarbon Air Quality Standards, and Related Emission...
Underground storage of natural gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and...
Underground storage of natural gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide (Louisiana) Underground storage of natural gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide (Louisiana)...
Biogeochemistry of Isoprenoid Production and Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodgeradation.
??This dissertation is an exploration of microbial isoprenoid production and destruction by anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation. Isoprenoids are methyl-branched hydrocarbons, and include biomarkers from all three� (more)
Dawson, Katherine
Wind World | Open Energy Information
World Jump to: navigation, search Name Wind World Place Denmark Sector Wind energy Product WindWorld was a turbine manufacturer that was purchased by NEG Micon in 1998. NEG Micon...
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world | OpenEI
world world Dataset Summary Description Total annual carbon dioxide emissions by country, 2005 to 2009 (million metric tons). Compiled by Energy Information Administration (EIA). Source EIA Date Released Unknown Date Updated Unknown Keywords carbon dioxide emissions EIA world Data text/csv icon total_carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_the_consumption_of_energy_2005_2009million_metric_tons.csv (csv, 12.3 KiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Peer Reviewed Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period 2005 - 2009 License License Other or unspecified, see optional comment below Comment Rate this dataset Usefulness of the metadata Average vote Your vote Usefulness of the dataset Average vote Your vote Ease of access Average vote Your vote Overall rating Average vote Your vote
Brane World Black Rings
Five dimensional neutral rotating black rings are described from a Randall-Sundrum brane world perspective in the bulk black string framework. To this end we consider a rotating black string extension of a five dimensional black ring into the bulk of a six dimensional Randall-Sundrum brane world with a single four brane. The bulk solution intercepts the four brane in a five dimensional black ring with the usual curvature singularity on the brane. The bulk geodesics restricted to the plane of rotation of the black ring are constructed and their projections on the four brane match with the usual black ring geodesics restricted to the same plane. The asymptotic nature of the bulk geodesics are elucidated with reference to a bulk singularity at the AdS horizon. We further discuss the description of a brane world black ring as a limit of a boosted bulk black 2 brane with periodic identification.
Anurag Sahay; Gautam Sengupta
Online Resources
Online Resources Online Resources       General Information Discovering New Physics - Fermilab: where physicists unravel the mysteries of the universe Electromagnetic Simulation: Charged Particle Motion in E/M Field (by Fu-Kwun Hwang, National Taiwan Normal University) Fermilabyrinth - Online versions of exhibits at the Lederman Science Center Fermilab Virtual Tour - Photos of accelerators and detectors with figure captions International Particle Physics Outreach Group (from CERN) Fermilab Homepage - Links to general information, experiments and projects (Fermilab at Work), particle physics (inquiring minds), resources for students (education) and more High-Energy Physics Acronyms - (from Fermilab) Particle Physics - a list of links from the American Physical Society)
NETL - World CO2 Emissions - Projected Trends Tool | Open Energy
NETL - World CO2 Emissions - Projected Trends Tool NETL - World CO2 Emissions - Projected Trends Tool Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: NETL - World CO2 Emissions - Projected Trends Tool Agency/Company /Organization: National Energy Technology Laboratory Sector: Energy Topics: GHG inventory Resource Type: Software/modeling tools Website: www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/refshelf/results.asp?ptype=Models/Too References: NETL - World CO2 Emissions - Projected Trends Tool [1] NETL - World CO2 Emissions - Projected Trends Tool This interactive tool enables the user to look at both total and power sector CO2 emissions from the use of coal, oil, or natural gas, over the period 1990 to 2030. One can use the tool to compare five of the larger CO2 emitters to each other or to overall world emissions. The data are from the
Mexico-World Bank Climate Projects | Open Energy Information
World Bank Climate Projects World Bank Climate Projects Agency/Company /Organization World Bank Sector Energy Focus Area Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy, Transportation Topics Market analysis, Background analysis Resource Type Dataset Country Mexico Central America References World Bank Project Database - Mexico [1] Contents 1 Active World Bank climate projects in Mexico including 1.1 Urban Transport Transformation 1.2 Efficient Lighting and Appliances 1.3 Sustainable Transport and Air Quality 1.4 Sustainable Rural - IBRD 1.5 Sustainable Rural Development - GEF 1.6 Mexico Framework for Green Growth Development Policy Loan 1.7 Mexico Environmental Sustainability Development Policy Loan 2 References Active World Bank climate projects in Mexico including Urban Transport Transformation (180M Pipeline)
Ghana-World Bank Climate Projects | Open Energy Information
World Bank Climate Projects World Bank Climate Projects Agency/Company /Organization World Bank Sector Energy, Land Focus Area Renewable Energy, Forestry Topics Background analysis, Co-benefits assessment, - Energy Access, Finance Country Ghana Western Africa References World Bank Project Database - Ghana [1] Contents 1 Active World Bank Climate Projects in Ghana 1.1 Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Readiness Grant 1.2 Energy Development and Access Project (GEDAP) 1.3 Ghana Rural Energy Access - Global Env. Project 1.4 Ghana Natural Resources and Environmental Governance 2 References Active World Bank Climate Projects in Ghana Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Readiness Grant (.2M - Active) Energy Development and Access Project - IBRD/IDA (90M - Active) Ghana Rural Energy Access - Global Env. Project (5.5M - Active).
World Fossil Fuel Economics - TMS
Jan 1, 1971 ... World Fossil Fuel Economics ... in world energy demand, particularly in the U. S. and Europe; the consumption patterns and cost patterns of oil,�...
Center Resources
Resources for Planning Center Activities Resources for Planning Center Activities       QuarkNet at Work - Resources Home QuarkNet is a teacher professional development effort funded by the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy. Teachers work on particle physics experiments during a summer and join a cadre of scientists and teachers working to introduce some aspects of their research into their classrooms. This allows tomorrow's particle physicists to peek over the shoulder of today's experimenters. These resources are available for lead teachers and mentors at Quartnet Centers as they design activities for associate teacher workshops and follow-on activities. Important Findings from Previous Years Mentor Tips Associate Teacher Institute Toolkit
Resource Directory
Online search and networking tool that connects AOCS members with their peers who share a common technical interest, geographic location, or affinity. Resource Directory Membership Information achievement application award Awards distinguished div
Hydrocarbon anomaly in soil gas as near-surface expressions of upflows and outflows in geothermal systems
A variety of hydrocarbons, C1 - C12, have been found in volcanic gases (fumarolic) and in geothermal waters and gases. The hydrocarbons are thought to have come from products of pyrolysis of kerogen in sedimentary rocks or they could be fed into the geothermal system by the recharging waters which may contain dissolved hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons extracted by the waters from the rocks. In the hot geothermal zone, 300�+ C, many of these hydrocarbons are in their critical state. It is thought that they move upwards due to buoyancy and flux up with the upflowing geothermal fluids in the upflow zones together with the magmatic gases. Permeability which could be provided by faults, fissures, mini and micro fractures are thought to provide pathways for the upward flux. A sensitive technique (Petrex) utilizing passive integrative adsorption of the hydrocarbons in soil gas on activated charcoal followed by desorption and analysis of the hydrocarbons by direct introduction mass spectrometry allows mapping of the anomalous areas. Surveys for geothermal resources conducted in Japan and in Indonesia show that the hydrocarbon anomaly occur over known fields and over areas strongly suspected of geothermal potential. The hydrocarbons found and identified were n-paraffins (C7-C9) and aromatics (C7-C8). Detection of permeable, i.e. active or open faults, parts of older faults which have been reactivated, e.g. by younger intersecting faults, and the area surrounding these faulted and permeable region is possible. The mechanism leading to the appearance of the hydrocarbon in the soil gas over upflow zones of the geothermal reservoir is proposed. The paraffins seems to be better pathfinders for the location of upflows than the aromatics. However the aromatics may, under certain circumstances, give better indications of the direction of the outflow of the geothermal system. It is thought that an upflow zone can be defined when conditions exist where the recharging waters containing the hydrocarbons feed into the geothermal kitchen. The existence of open and active faults, fissures, mini and micro fractures allow sufficient permeability for the gases to flux up and express themselves at the surface as hydrocarbon anomaly in the soil gas. When any of the requirements is absent, i.e. in the absence of the recharging waters, hydrocarbons, temperature, or permeability, no anomaly can be expected. It assumes a dynamic convective system, i.e. recharging waters, upflow and outflow. The anomalies however can define to a certain extent, regions of geothermal upflow, buoyant transport of gases, and frequently down-gradient of cooling waters.
Ong, H.L.; Higashihara, M.; Klusman, R.W.; Voorhees, K.J.; Pudjianto, R.; Ong, J
Hypothesis for increased atmospheric methane input from hydrocarbon seeps on exposed continental shelves during glacial low sea level
.- 2 Sept.1998 '" HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM COAL AND COAL BED METHANE, USING BYPRODUCT CO2 FOR ENHANCED METHANE RECOVERY AND SEQUESTERING THE CO2 IN mE COAL BED RH Williams, Center for Energy and Environmental that are poorly endowed with conventional hydrocarbon resources but coal- and coal-bed-methane-rich would
Luyendyk, Bruce
Reading Comprehension - Resources
the planet Earth. Food, water, and sunlight are all examples of a natural resource unnatural resource science resource . A natural resource is a material found in...
Energy Basics: Biomass Resources
Share this resource Biomass Biofuels Biopower Bio-Based Products Biomass Resources Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Ocean Solar Wind Biomass Resources Biomass resources include any...
Process for recovery of liquid hydrocarbons
Methane is recovered as a gas for discharge to a pipeline from a gas stream containing methane and heavier hydrocarbons, principally ethane and propane. Separation is accomplished by condensing the heavier hydrocarbons and distilling the methane therefrom. A liquid product (LPG) comprising the heavier hydrocarbons is subsequently recovered and transferred to storage. Prior to being discharged to a pipeline, the recovered methane gas is compressed and in undergoing compression the gas is heated. The heat content of the gas is employed to reboil the refrigerant in an absorption refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit is used to cool the LPG prior to its storage.
Millar, J.F.; Cockshott, J.E.
World Natural Gas, 1978
World marketed production of natural gas in 1978 totaled 51.749 trillion CF (up from 50.1 TCF in 1977); this 3.3% increase, however, was slightly lower than 1977's 3.7% rise. US production, which fell 0.3% dropped to 38.6% of the world total, while the USSR share (13.137 TCF) accounted for 25.4% (for a growth rate of 7.5%). Of the world gross production of 62.032 TCF, 69.7% came from gas wells; the remainder was associated with oil. Thirty-one percent of the 10.282 TCF difference between gross and marketed gas production was used for oil reservoir repressuring, while the balance (7.094 TCF) was vented and flared. Internationally traded gas movements rose to 11.6% of production. The Netherlands, the USSR, and Canada accounted for 30.6%, 20.1% and 14.7%, respectively, of total 1978 exports. At 0.956 TCF, LNG shipments accounted for 15.9% of world trade, a 35.2% higher share than in 1977; most of this growth was due to increased Indonesia-to-Japan volumes.
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World energy consumption
Historical and projected world energy consumption information is displayed. The information is presented by region and fuel type, and includes a world total. Measurements are in quadrillion Btu. Sources of the information contained in the table are: (1) history--Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual 1992, DOE/EIA-0219(92); (2) projections--EIA, World Energy Projections System, 1994. Country amounts include an adjustment to account for electricity trade. Regions or country groups are shown as follows: (1) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), US (not including US territories), which are included in other (ECD), Canada, Japan, OECD Europe, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, other Europe, and other OECD; (2) Eurasia--China, former Soviet Union, eastern Europe; (3) rest of world--Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and other countries not included in any other group. Fuel types include oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, and other. Other includes hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar, biomass, wind, and other renewable sources.
world-class professionals.
World-class facilities 20 Enjoy sports and activities Your studies 24 Study options 28 English Language 30 Faculties 32 Subject areas Essential information 42 How to apply 44 Visa information 46 Fees and teaching facilities - underpinned by a £350million investment programme, and combined with first
World Energy Outlook 2008
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
OECD/IEA - OECD/IEA - 2008 © OECD/IEA - 2008 © OECD/IEA - 2008 To Cover... To Cover To Cover ... ... Transport Energy and CO 2 Where are we going? What are the dangers? How do we change direction? Primarily reporting on: IEA WEO 2008 IEA ETP 2008 On-going work with IEA's Mobility Model One or two detours to talk about modelling © OECD/IEA - 2008 0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 14 000 16 000 18 000 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 Mtoe Other renewables Hydro Nuclear Biomass Gas Coal Oil World energy demand expands by 45% between now and 2030 - an average rate of increase of 1.6% per year - with coal accounting for more than a third of the overall rise Where are we headed? World Energy Outlook 2008 Where are we headed? World Energy Outlook Where are we headed? World Energy Outlook
Resource Directory Resource Directory The guidance documents and reports below have been used by Better Buildings Neighborhood Program partners to build their programs and guide them to early successes. The tools and calculators can be used by homeowners, business owners, and program designers to help determine energy savings and other benefits associated with energy efficiency upgrades. Guidance Documents and Reports Background Program Evaluation Program Updates and Lessons Learned Program Design Marketing and Driving Demand Financing and Incentives Workforce Development Partnering with Utilities Technical Resources Tools and Calculators For Homes For Commercial Buildings Emissions and Equivalency Calculators Guidance Documents and Reports Background Recovery Through Retrofit Report
World Resources Institute RFP, Issued June 22, 2006
this request for proposals (RFP) is to receive quotesoffers from prospective renewable energyREC suppliers for members of the Green Power Market Development Group-United States...
2 nd World Congress of Environmental and Resource Economists
Abstract. In this paper the option value of waiting under scientific uncertainty will be derived using the difference between the geometric Brownian motion and the mean reverting process by applying contingent claim analysis. The results will be compared with those generated by either using a geometric Brownian motion or a mean-reverting process only. An example based on the decision problem whether or not to release herbicide tolerant rape seed in the EU will be used to illustrate the differences. The paper contributes to the suggestion made by biologists to further analyze the sensitivity of the results using the real option approach, provides insights about the magnitude of error that can be made by choosing the wrong process, provides a solution to the problem and highlights the implication for the decision of whether or not to release transgenic crops. The results show that scientific uncertainty is less important than one would expect at first hand.
Justus Wesseler
Two decades of hydrocarbon exploration activity in Indonesia
During the past two decades, hydrocarbon exploration activity within Indonesia has been based on the Indonesian Energy Policy, aims of which include intensifying and expanding hydrocarbon exploration programs. Expansion into the offshore regions of the nation has resulted in the discovery of petroliferous basins. The first offshore oil production came on stream in 1971. Since then, significant achievements have been made in developing these resources. Intensified onshore exploration has resulted in additional oil fields being discovered in these more mature areas. Among the significant gas fields discovered during the past 20 years, Arun and Badak both supply major LNG projects. Oil fields have been found in the onshore areas of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, and Irian Jaya, and in the offshore areas around West Java, Madura, Natuna, and East Kalimantan. The exploration drilling success during this time has been approximately 32%. In addition, the ratio of oil field development to these discoveries is about 54%. For technical and economic reasons, not all discoveries can be developed into oil fields. Recently, Pertamina's Research and Development Division organized the study of data contributed by Pertamina exploration, foreign contractors, and science institutes. This study reveals that 60 basins are spread throughout the onshore and offshore areas of the nation. Using PAUS (plan and analysis of uncertainty situation), a Monte Carolo simulation program, the hydrocarbon potential of each basin has been estimated. These estimates will be continually revised as more data are made available to the study, as the geology of Indonesia is better understood in terms of plate tectonic theory, and as computing techniques improve.
Suardy, A.; Taruno, J.; Simbolon, P.H.; Simbolon, B.
Selective photooxidation of hydrocarbons in zeolites by oxygen
A selective photooxidation process for the conversion of hydrocarbon molecules to partially oxygenated derivatives, which comprises the steps of adsorbing a hydrocarbon and oxygen onto a dehydrated zeolite support matrix to form a hydrocarbon-oxygen contact pair, and subsequently exposing the hydrocarbon-oxygen contact pair to visible light, thereby forming a partially oxygenated derivative.
Frei, Heinz (Berkeley, CA); Blatter, Fritz (Berkeley, CA); Sun, Hai (Berkeley, CA)
Keeping The Lights On In the New World
Our New World Energy Future Our New World Energy Future DRAFT REPORT Chapter 2 Generation Adequacy Trends and obstacles confronting greater contribution from generation resources Topic Assignment: Woolf 1 , Cavanagh, Smitherman, Gramlich, Weisgall, Allen, Cauley Chapter 2. Generation Supply Adequacy GENERATION TRENDS During the late 1990's and early 2000's, overall base load generation construction declined as generators were reluctant to commit resources to an unsettled regulatory and developing market based environment. In that same time frame, non-dispatchable or variable land-based wind resources began to gain a foothold in mid-western areas. In the U.S. alone, non-dispatchable resources have continued to grow from 2,013 megawatts in 1990 to 16,114 megawatts in 2007.
The Lights On In the New World The Lights On In the New World DRAFT REPORT Chapter 2 Generation Adequacy Trends and obstacles confronting greater contribution from generation resources Topic Assignment: Woolf 1 , Cavanagh, Smitherman, Gramlich, Weisgall, Allen, Cauley Chapter 2. Generation Supply Adequacy GENERATION TRENDS During the late 1990's and early 2000's, overall base load generation construction declined as generators were reluctant to commit resources to an unsettled regulatory and developing market based environment. In that same time frame, non-dispatchable or intermittent land-based wind resources began to gain a foothold in mid-western areas. In the U.S. alone, non-dispatchable resources have continued to grow from 7,596 megawatts in 1990 to 23,113 megawatts in 2007.
UWC geothermal resource exploration
A program was developed to explore the strength of the geothermal and hot dry rock (HDR) resource at the Montezuma Hot Springs at the United World College (UWC). The purpose of the UWC {number_sign}1 well is to obtain hydrologic, geologic, and temperature information for ongoing geothermal evaluation of the Montezuma Hot Springs area. If sufficient fluids are encountered, the hole will be cased with a 4 1/2 inch production casing and re-permitted as a geothermal low-temperature well. If no fluid is encountered, the well will be abandoned per Oil Conservation Division regulation. The objectives of the exploration are to evaluate the resource potential to provide space heating for the entire campus of the United World College, determine the effect of a well on the Hot Springs outflow, accurately measure the UWC heating loads versus time, evaluate the potential to support local thermal industry development, assess the feasibility of HDR development, and create an educational program from the collection of data derived from the research effort.
United States: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
United States: Energy Resources United States: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Click on a state to view that state's page. Country Profile Name United States Population Unavailable GDP Unavailable Energy Consumption 99.53 Quadrillion Btu 2-letter ISO code US 3-letter ISO code USA Numeric ISO code 840 UN Region[1] Northern America OpenEI Resources Energy Maps 1143 view Tools 94 view Programs 25 view Energy Organizations 8947 view Research Institutions 128 view References CIA World Factbook, Appendix D[2] Energy Resources Resource Value Units Rank Period Source Wind Potential 2,237,435 Area(km²) Class 3-7 Wind at 50m 3 1990 NREL Solar Potential 24,557,081,451 MWh/year 6 2008 NREL Coal Reserves 260,551.00 Million Short Tons 1 2008 EIA Natural Gas Reserves 6,928,000,000,000 Cubic Meters (cu m) 6 2010 CIA World Factbook
Cultural (Historical) Resource Management, Environmental Protection
History Homepage History Homepage Accelerators & Detectors Cosmotron AGS Strong-focusing 80" Bubble Chamber The omega-minus 7' Bubble Chamber The charmed baryon NSLS RHIC Reactors Graphite Research Reactor High Flux Beam Reactor Medical Research Reactor Life Sciences Medical breakthroughs Biology research Plant Genetics Other BNL Nobel Prizes The First Video Game? BNL Physics Timeline Camp Upton Historic Images BNL Cultural (Historical) Resource Management Cultural (Historical) Resource Management at Brookhaven National Laboratory Photograph of the remains of WWI training trenches The Environmental Protection Division is responsible for ensuring compliance with historic preservation requirements. The BNL Cultural Resource Management Plan identifies and describes the management plans for of all of BNL's cultural resources. These resources include World War I trenches, Civilian Conservation Corps features, World War II buildings, and historic structures, programs and discoveries associated with high energy physics, research reactors, and other science conducted at the Laboratory.
W. and Calvin, M. J. Amer. Oil Chern. Assoc. Science,� 208,of the production of oil and alcohol from hydrocarbon-Figure 1 Cumulative U.S. crude oil discoveries as a function
Calvin, Melvin
Thermodynamic Properties of Acetic Acid + Hydrocarbons ...
Thermodynamic Properties of Acetic Acid + Hydrocarbons Mixtures L. Negadi1,C,S, N. Ainous2, A. Negadi1, I. Mokbel2, A. Kaci3 and J. Jose2 ...
Process for Photochemical Chlorination of Hydrocarbons
A process for chlorination of a major portion of the hydrogen atoms of paraffinic hydrocarbons of five or more carbon atoms may be replaced by subjecting the hydrocarbon to the action of chlorine under active light. The initial chlorination is begun at 25 to 30 deg C with the chlorine diluted with HCl. The later stages may be carried out with undiluted chlorine and the temperature gradually raised to about 129 deg C.
Beanblossom, W.S.
Formation of hydrocarbons by bacteria and algae
A literature review has been performed summarizing studies on hydrocarbon synthesis by microorganisms. Certain algal and bacterial species produce hydrocarbons in large quantities, 70 to 80% of dry cell mass, when in a controlled environment. The nutritional requirements of these organisms are simple: CO/sub 2/ and mineral salts. The studies were initiated to determine whether or not microorganisms played a role in petroleum formation. 90 references. (DMC)
Tornabene, T.G.
Global Forest Resource Assessment | Open Energy Information
Global Forest Resource Assessment Global Forest Resource Assessment Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Global Forest Resource Assessment Agency/Company /Organization: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Sector: Land Focus Area: Forestry Topics: Resource assessment Resource Type: Publications Website: www.fao.org/forestry/fra/fra2010/en/ Global Forest Resource Assessment Screenshot References: Global Forest Research Assessment[1] Overview "FAO, in cooperation with its member countries, has monitored the world's forests at 5 to 10 year intervals since 1946. These global assessments provide valuable information to policy-makers in countries, to international negotiations, arrangements and organizations related to forests and to the general public. The Global Forest Resources Assessment
Clean, economical, underwater (hydrocarbon) storage
A consortium consisting of Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft A.G., Phoenix Gummiwerke A.G., Strabag Bau-A.G., and Bugsier Reederei und Bergungs-A.G. offers a plausible solution to the large-scale underwater storage of hydrocarbons. Up to 20 storage compartments of 8000 cu m capacity can be assembled for a capacity of 160,000 cu m. Each compartment is divided in half by a nylon-reinforced polyurethane diaphragm which isolates oil or other products on one side from sea-water ballast on the other side. As oil is pumped into storage on one side of the diaphragm, the diaphragm moves and ballast on the other side is displaced to the sea. Ballast re-enters the compartment during unloading. The system can enable small offshore platforms to produce more economically. Cargo tankers load at 8000 cu m/hr. The tanks will be used in 200 m or greater water depths. The loading station is installed in a buoy 30 m below the water surface.
International Energy Outlook 1999 - World Oil Markets
oil.gif (4669 bytes) oil.gif (4669 bytes) A moderate view of future oil market developments is reflected in IEO99. Sustained high levels of oil prices are not expected, whereas continued expansion of the oil resource base is anticipated. The crude oil market was wracked with turbulence during 1998, as prices fell by one-third on average from 1997 levels. Even without adjusting for inflation, the world oil price in 1998 was the lowest since 1973. The declining oil prices were influenced by an unexpected slowdown in the growth of energy demand worldwideless than any year since 1990and by increases in oil supply, particularly in 1997. Although the increase in world oil production in 1998 was smaller than in any year since 1993, efforts to bolster prices by imposing further limits on production were
the World Ocean
The rna po ililies of the Nalional Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for oplimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through markeling service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects. analyzes. and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The NOAA Technical Report NMFS series was established in 1983 to replace two subcategories of lhe Technical Reports series: "Special Scientific Report-Fisheries " and "Circular. " The series contains the following types of reports: Scientific investigalions that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS, intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope, papers on applied fishery problems, technical reports of general inleresl intended to aid conservation and management, reports that review in considerable detail and at a high technical level certain broad areas of research, and technical papers originating in economics studies and from management investigations. Copies of NOAA Technical Report NMFS are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal
William J. Hargis; John V. Byrne
World Bank-Climate Change Knowledge Portal | Open Energy Information
Portal Portal Jump to: navigation, search Logo: World Bank-Climate Change Knowledge Portal Name World Bank-Climate Change Knowledge Portal Agency/Company /Organization World Bank Sector Climate Resource Type Maps, Training materials, Lessons learned/best practices Website http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/cl References World Bank-Climate Change Knowledge Portal[1] Abstract The WB Climate Change Portal is intended to provide quick and readily accessible climate and climate-related data to policy makers and development practitioners. World Bank-Climate Change Knowledge Portal Screenshot "The WB Climate Change Portal is intended to provide quick and readily accessible climate and climate-related data to policy makers and development practitioners. The site also includes a mapping visualization tool (webGIS) that displays
Executive Resources
The Executive Resources Division provides integrated executive policy and operational personnel support services in a centralized location to the Senior Executive Service (SES), Senior-Level (SL), Scientific and Professional (ST), Excepted Service and political appointees. Additional SES information can be found on the SES website which is located on the Office of Personnel Management�s (OPM) website.
Summary World Biofuels Energy Data (from World on the Edge) ...
related to world biofuels production. It is part of a supporting dataset for the book World On the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse by�Lester R....
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: World Electricity Model
Reports and Publications (EIA)
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) World Electricity Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
World Oil Refining Logistics Demand Model "World" Reference Manual
This manual is intended primarily for use as a reference by analysts applying the WORLD model to regional studies. It also provides overview information on WORLD features of potential interest to managers and analysts.
Information Center
Our World Argonne's
At Argonne National Laboratory, we passionately pursue At Argonne National Laboratory, we passionately pursue energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy innovations that contribute to a better, cleaner future for all. Energy to Renew Our World Argonne's Research in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy As we begin our journey into the 21st century, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory continues to make significant contributions to the nation's health and well being by delivering achievements in energy technology development and deployment. We are working toward technological
Teacher Resource Center: Fermilab Web Resources
Fermilab Web Resources Fermilab Web Resources TRC Home TRC Fact Sheet Library Curricular Resources Science Fair Resources Bibliographies sciencelines The Best of sciencelines Archives Annotated List of URLs Catalog Teacher's Lounge Full Workshop Catalog Customized Workshops Scheduled Workshops Special Opportunities Teacher Networks Science Lab Fermilab Science Materials Samplers Order Form Science Safety Issues Tech Room Fermilab Web Resources The following materials are on the webserver. Fermilab Resources for Students - You might bookmark some of these resources to give your students easy access to information. Fermilab Resources for Students - You might bookmark some of these resources to give your students easy access to information. Photographs and video clips from Fermilab's Visual Media Services
A World Wide Web Update
A World Wide Web Update The Center for Building Science now has a World Wide Web homepage accessible from the general LBL homepage. Through WWW and the Mosaic browser, Internet...
Aliasing on the world wide web: prevalence and performance implications
Aliasing occurs in Web transactions when requests containing different URLs elicit replies containing identical data payloads. Conventional caches associate stored data with URLs and can therefore suffer redundant payload transfers due to aliasing and ... Keywords: DTD, HTTP, WWW, Zipf's law, aliasing, cache hierarchies, caching, duplicate suppression, duplicate transfer detection, hypertext transfer protocol, performance analysis, redundant transfers, resource modification, world wide web
Terence Kelly; Jeffrey Mogul
Although tidally locked habitable planets orbiting nearby M-dwarf stars are among the best astronomical targets to search for extrasolar life, they may also be deficient in volatiles and water. Climate models for this class of planets show atmospheric transport of water from the dayside to the nightside, where it is precipitated as snow and trapped as ice. Since ice only slowly flows back to the dayside upon accumulation, the resulting hydrological cycle can trap a large amount of water in the form of nightside ice. Using ice sheet dynamical and thermodynamical constraints, I illustrate how planets with less than about a quarter the Earth's oceans could trap most of their surface water on the nightside. This would leave their dayside, where habitable conditions are met, potentially dry. The amount and distribution of residual liquid water on the dayside depend on a variety of geophysical factors, including the efficiency of rock weathering at regulating atmospheric CO{sub 2} as dayside ocean basins dry up. Water-trapped worlds with dry daysides may offer similar advantages as land planets for habitability, by contrast with worlds where more abundant water freely flows around the globe.
Menou, Kristen [Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027 (United States)
In support of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are undertaking studies of biomass conversion technologies to hydrocarbon fuels to identify barriers and target research toward reducing conversion costs. Process designs and preliminary economic estimates for each of these pathway cases were developed using rigorous modeling tools (Aspen Plus and Chemcad). These analyses incorporated the best information available at the time of development, including data from recent pilot and bench-scale demonstrations, collaborative industrial and academic partners, and published literature and patents. This pathway case investigates the upgrading of biomass derived synthesis gas (�syngas�) to hydrocarbon biofuels. While this specific discussion focuses on the conversion of syngas via a methanol intermediate to hydrocarbon blendstocks, there are a number of alternative conversion routes for production of hydrocarbons through a wide array of intermediates from syngas. Future work will also consider the variations to this pathway to determine the most economically viable and risk adverse conversion route. Technical barriers and key research needs have been identified that should be pursued for the syngas to hydrocarbon pathway to be competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline, diesel and jet range blendstocks.
Talmadge, M.; Biddy, Mary J.; Dutta, Abhijit; Jones, Susanne B.; Meyer, Pimphan A.
Dominant Middle East oil reserves critically important to world supply
This paper reports that the location production, and transportation of the 60 million bbl of oil consumed in the world each day is of vital importance to relations between nations, as well as to their economic wellbeing. Oil has frequently been a decisive factor in the determination of foreign policy. The war in the Persian Gulf, while a dramatic example of the critical importance of oil, is just the latest of a long line of oil-influenced diplomatic/military incidents, which may be expected to continue. Assuming that the world's remaining oil was evenly distributed and demand did not grow, if exploration and development proceeded as efficiently as they have in the U.S., world oil production could be sustained at around current levels to about the middle of the next century. It then would begin a long decline in response to a depleting resource base. However, the world's remaining oil is very unevenly distributed. It is located primarily in the Eastern Hemisphere, mostly in the Persian Gulf, and much is controlled by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Scientific resource assessments indicate that about half of the world's remaining conventionally recoverable crude oil resource occurs in the Persian Gulf area. In terms of proved reserves (known recoverable oil), the Persian Gulf portion increase to almost two-thirds.
Riva, J.P. Jr. (Library of Congress, Washington, DC (United States). Congressional Research Service)
Teacher Resources
Resources Resources Teacher Programs JLab Science Activities for Teachers - An afternoon science program for 5th, 6th and 8th grade teachers. [Program Dates: September 2013 - May 2014] Teacher Night at Jefferson Lab - Teacher Night will be held on April 2nd, 2014. Please sign-up by March 19th, 2014! Education Events Physics Fest - Cryogenics, electricity and more! Reserve your space today! Science Series - Science lectures for high school and middle school students! [Video Archive] Education Events Mailing List - An electronic mailing list to keep you informed of Jefferson Lab's public education events! Workshops and Local Groups The Virginia Section of the American Nuclear Society - Single and multi-day workshops on the science of nuclear energy and radiation.
Life on Earth shockingly comes from out of this world
2 2 For immediate release: 06/05/2013 | NR-13-06-02 Synthesis of prebiotic hydrocarbons in impacts of simple icy mixtures on early Earth. Life on Earth shockingly comes from out of this world Anne M Stark, LLNL, (925) 422-9799, email@example.com Early Earth was not very hospitable when it came to jump starting life. In fact, new research shows that life on Earth may have come from out of this world. Lawrence Livermore scientist Nir Goldman and University of Ontario Institute of Technology colleague Isaac Tamblyn (a former LLNL postdoc) found that icy comets that crashed into Earth billions of years ago could have produced life building organic compounds, including the building blocks of proteins and nucleobases pairs of DNA and RNA. Comets contain a variety of simple molecules, such as water, ammonia,
Energy Department Advances Research on Methane Hydrates - the World's
Energy Department Advances Research on Methane Hydrates - the Energy Department Advances Research on Methane Hydrates - the World's Largest Untapped Fossil Energy Resource Energy Department Advances Research on Methane Hydrates - the World's Largest Untapped Fossil Energy Resource August 31, 2012 - 1:20pm Addthis News Media Contact (202) 586-4940 WASHINGTON, D.C. - The Energy Department today announced the selection of 14 new research projects across 11 states that will be a part of an expanding portfolio of projects designed to increase our understanding of methane hydrates' potential as a future energy supply. Methane hydrates are 3D ice-lattice structures with natural gas locked inside, and are found both onshore and offshore - including under the Arctic permafrost and in ocean sediments along nearly every continental shelf in the world.
Research on Methane Hydrates - the Research on Methane Hydrates - the World's Largest Untapped Fossil Energy Resource Energy Department Advances Research on Methane Hydrates - the World's Largest Untapped Fossil Energy Resource August 31, 2012 - 1:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - The Energy Department today announced the selection of 14 new research projects across 11 states that will be a part of an expanding portfolio of projects designed to increase our understanding of methane hydrates' potential as a future energy supply. Methane hydrates are 3D ice-lattice structures with natural gas locked inside, and are found both onshore and offshore - including under the Arctic permafrost and in ocean sediments along nearly every continental shelf in the world. Today's projects build on the completion of a successful, unprecedented test
Gulf Hydrocarbon Inc | Open Energy Information
Hydrocarbon Inc Hydrocarbon Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Gulf Hydrocarbon Inc Address 2016 Main St Place Houston, Texas Zip 77002 Sector Biofuels Product Wholesale marketing of biodiesel and ethanol to refiners, blenders and petroleum distributors Website http://www.gulfhydrocarbon.com Coordinates 29.749227°, -95.371693° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":29.749227,"lon":-95.371693,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
The IEO2000 projections reflect a change in short-term expectations for world oil prices. In the long term, OPEC production cutbacks are expected to be relaxed, and prices are projected to rise gradually through 2020 as the oil resource base is expanded. The IEO2000 projections reflect a change in short-term expectations for world oil prices. In the long term, OPEC production cutbacks are expected to be relaxed, and prices are projected to rise gradually through 2020 as the oil resource base is expanded. The crude oil market rebounded dramatically in 1999. Prices rose from the low monthly average of $9.39 per barrel (nominal U.S. dollars) in December 1998 to $24.44 in December 1999, an increase of almost $15 a barrel. Prices were influenced by the successful adherence to announced cutbacks in production by members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) as well as several non-OPEC countries, notably, Mexico and Norway. In addition, the price decline in 1998 significantly dampened the annual
World nuclear outlook 1995
As part of the EIA program to provide energy information, this analysis report presents the current status and projections through 2015 of nuclear capacity, generation, and fuel cycle requirements for all countries in the world using nuclear power to generate electricity for commercial use. It also contains information and forecasts of developments in the uranium market. Long-term projections of US nuclear capacity, generation, and spent fuel discharges for two different scenarios through 2040 are developed for the Department of Energy`s Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM). In turn, the OCRWM provides partial funding for preparation of this report. The projections of uranium requirements are provided to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for preparation of the Nuclear Energy Agency/OECD report, Summary of Nuclear Power and Fuel Cycle Data in OECD Member Countries.
World nuclear outlook 1994
As part of the EIA program to provide energy information, this analysis report presents the current status and projections through 2010 of nuclear capacity, generation, and fuel cycle requirements for all countries in the world using nuclear power to generate electricity for commercial use. It also contains information and forecasts of developments in the uranium market. Long-term projections of US nuclear capacity, generation, and spent fuel discharges for three different scenarios through 2040 are developed for the Department of Energy`s Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM). In turn, the OCRWM provides partial funding for preparation of this report. The projections of uranium requirements are provided to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for preparation of the Nuclear Energy Agency/OECD report, Summary of Nuclear Power and Fuel Cycle Data in OECD Member Countries.
Garbage Collecting the World
Distributed symbolic computations involve the existence of remote references allowing an object, local to a processor, to designate another object located on another processor. To reclaim inaccessible objects is the non trivial task of a distributed Garbage Collector (GC). We present in this paper a new distributed GC algorithm which (i) is faulttolerant, (ii ) is largely independent of how a processor garbage collects its own data space, (iii ) does not need centralized control nor global stop-the-world synchronization, (iv) allows for multiple concurrent active GCs, (v) does not require to migrate objects from processor to processor and (vi) eventually reclaims all inaccessible objects including distributed cycles. These results are mainly obtained through the concept of a group of processors (or processes). Processors of a same group cooperate together to a GC inside this group; this GC is conservative with respect to the outside of the group. A processor contributes to the glob...
Bernard Lang; Christian Queinnec; Jos� Piquer
Catalysts for synthesizing various short chain hydrocarbons
Method and apparatus (10), including novel photocatalysts, are disclosed for the synthesis of various short chain hydrocarbons. Light-transparent SiO.sub.2 aerogels doped with photochemically active uranyl ions (18) are fluidized in a fluidized-bed reactor (12) having a transparent window (16), by hydrogen and CO, C.sub.2 H.sub.4 or C.sub.2 H.sub.6 gas mixtures (20), and exposed to radiation (34) from a light source (32) external to the reactor (12), to produce the short chain hydrocarbons (36).
Colmenares, Carlos (Alamo, CA)
Biogenic Hydrocarbons in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer: A Review
Nonmethane hydrocarbons are ubiquitous trace atmospheric constituents yet they control the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere. Both anthropogenic and biogenic processes contribute to the release of hydrocarbons to the atmosphere. In this ...
J. D. Fuentes; L. Gu; M. Lerdau; R. Atkinson; D. Baldocchi; J. W. Bottenheim; P. Ciccioli; B. Lamb; C. Geron; A. Guenther; T. D. Sharkey; W. Stockwell
International Energy Outlook - World Oil Markets
World Oil Markets World Oil Markets International Energy Outlook 2004 World Oil Markets In the IEO2004 forecast, OPEC export volumes are expected to more than double while non-OPEC suppliers maintain their edge over OPEC in overall production. Prices are projected to rise gradually through 2025 as the oil resource base is further developed. Throughout most of 2003, crude oil prices remained near the top of the range preferred by producers in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), $22 to $28 per barrel for the OPEC basket price. OPEC producers continued to demonstrate disciplined adherence to announced cutbacks in production. Throughout 2003, the upward turn in crude oil prices was brought about by a combination of three factors. First, a general strike against the Chavez regime resulted in a sudden loss of much of Venezuelas oil exports. Although the other OPEC producers agreed to increase their production capacities to make up for the lost Venezuelan output, the obvious strain on worldwide spare capacity kept prices high. Second, price volatility was exacerbated by internal conflict in Nigeria. Third, prospects for a return to normalcy in the Iraqi oil sector remained uncertain as residual post-war turmoil continued in Iraq.
HIV antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: Experiences ...
people with HIV/AIDS in the world live in resource-poor settings [2�]. Since the .... The choice of the three drugs used in the first-line regi- .... Field work- ers have�...
Unconventional gas resources in the U.S.A.
Unconventional gas accounts for more than 40% of U.S. domestic gas production and more than 10% of world output. The amount of resources available is still uncertain and estimates vary to a large degree. In this paper
Jon Schumann; Shapour Vossoughi
Change the World, Start with ENERGY STAR | ENERGY STAR
Co-cultured Synechococcus and Shewanella Produce Hydrocarbons ...
... microbes has been developed. These hydrocarbons may be further processed into vehicle fuels using traditional oil refining techniques.
The Potential of Deep Seismic Profiling for Hydrocarbon Exploration _ B. Pinet, C. Bois (Editors) and Editions Technip, Paris 1990, pp. 141-160
for deep hydrocarbon exploration at the time of World War II when the demand for oil rose (Sloss, 1987 producer of oil, gas, lignite and potash. The major bordering, and to, some extent, controlling structures) Geological Survey of Canada, 1 Observatory Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OY3, Canada. (2) ARCO Oil & Gas Co
Jones, Alan G.
Energy Basics: Geothermal Resources
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Direct Use Electricity Production Geothermal Resources Hydrogen Hydropower Ocean...
Energy Basics: Hydropower Resources
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Large-Scale Hydropower Microhydropower Hydropower Resources...
Method for removing chlorine compounds from hydrocarbon mixtures
A process for removing halide ions from a hydrocarbon feedstream containing halogenated hydrocarbons wherein the contaminated feedstock is contacted with a solution of a suitable oxidizing acid containing a lanthanide oxide, the acid being present in a concentration of at least about 50 weight percent for a time sufficient to remove substantially all of the halide ion from the hydrocarbon feedstock.
Janoski, Edward J. (Havertown, PA); Hollstein, Elmer J. (Wilmington, DE)
Production of hydrocarbons from hydrates. [DOE patent application
An economical and safe method of producing hydrocarbons (or natural gas) from in situ hydrocarbon-containing hydrates is given. Once started, the method will be self-driven and will continue producing hydrocarbons over an extended period of time (i.e., many days).
McGuire, P.L.
Janoski, E.J.; Hollstein, E.J.
Visualization of World Energy Supply | Open Energy Information
Page Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Visualization of World Energy Supply Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Visualization of World Energy Supply Agency/Company /Organization: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Sector: Energy Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Website Website: en.openei.org/wiki/Visualization_of_World_Energy_Supply Cost: Free OpenEI Keyword(s): Community Generated Language: English References: OECD[1] Motion chart visualization of the world energy supply from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The default view shows how much percent of energy produced is renewable energy and how much total energy is produced by each country.
Chasing the Sun: Solar Adventures Around the World | Open Energy
Chasing the Sun: Solar Adventures Around the World Chasing the Sun: Solar Adventures Around the World Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Chasing the Sun: Solar Adventures Around the World Agency/Company /Organization: Neville Williams Sector: Energy Focus Area: Solar Topics: Co-benefits assessment, - Energy Access Resource Type: Publications User Interface: Other Website: www.amazon.com/Chasing-Sun-Solar-Adventures-Around/dp/0865715378/ref=s Cost: Paid A story of dreamers and doers who succeeded in their mission to make the world better by delivering nature's energy to poor people and by building organizations to put the sun at their service in practical, affordable, and effective ways. A green energy development narrative that is fun and eye-opening, the book is also part autobiography.
Department of Energy Finalizes Loan Guarantee to Support World's Largest
to Support World's to Support World's Largest Wind Project Department of Energy Finalizes Loan Guarantee to Support World's Largest Wind Project December 16, 2010 - 12:00am Addthis Washington D.C. --- U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu today announced that a partial loan guarantee for a $1.3 billion loan has been finalized to support the world's largest wind farm. The loan will finance the Caithness Shepherds Flat project, an 845-megawatt wind generation facility located in eastern Oregon sponsored by Caithness Energy, LLC and GE Energy Financial Services. "Renewable energy investments like these are creating jobs while helping to maintain America's global competitiveness in the clean energy economy," said Secretary Chu. "By leveraging our nation's vast natural resources,
Method for recovery of hydrocarbon material from hydrocarbon material-bearing formations
A method is disclosed for heating a hydrocarbon material contained in a recovery zone in an underground hydrocarbon material-bearing formation to reduce the viscosity thereof for facilitating recovery of the hydrocarbon material. A gaseous penetration medium comprising a gaseous working fluid and a carrier gas, is fed into the formation at a penetration pressure sufficient for penetration of the recovery zone, the working fluid being a water soluble gas which generates heat of solution upon absorption in an aqueous medium, and in which the partial pressure of the working fluid in relation to the penetration pressure and the temperature prevailing in the recovery zone is controlled to inhibit working fluid condensation but to provide for absorption of working fluid by water present in the formation to release heat for heating the hydrocarbon material in the recovery zone.
Kalina, A.I.
Method of dispersing a hydrocarbon using bacteria
New protozoan derived microbial consortia and method for their isolation are provided. Consortia and bacteria isolated therefrom are useful for treating wastes such as trichloroethylene and trinitrotoluene. Consortia, bacteria isolated therefrom, and dispersants isolated therefrom are useful for dispersing hydrocarbons such as oil, creosote, wax, and grease.
Trace elements and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
.2.2 Anthropogenic emissions 28 2.3 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 30 2.3.1 Sources of PAHs 30 2.3.2 Gas to particle distribution in atmosphere 32 2.3.3 Gas to particle distribution in atmosphere 32 CHAPTER THREE
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
the World Wide Web
technical report has been made technical report has been made electronically available on the World Wide Web through a contribution from Walter L. Warnick In honor of Enrico Fermi Leader of the first nuclear reactor, Nobel Prize winner, and visionary technologist Dr. Warnick is delighted to be the first sponsor for posting a Department of Energy technical report and making it broadly available Office of Scientific and Technical Information Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy September 2008 osti.gov U N I T E D S T A T E S A T O M I C E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N AECD-3269 EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF A DNERGENT CHAIN REACTION BY E. Fermi January 4, 1952 [TIS Issuance ate] [chicago University] - T e c h n i c a l I n f o r m a t i o n S e r v i c e , O a k Ridge, T e n n e s s e e r ABSTRACTS Description of the construction and operation of the chain
Oils and Fats World Market Update 2011
Archive of the Oils and Fats World Market Update 2011 Oils and Fats World Market Update 2011 Izmir, Turkey Oils and Fats World Market Update 2011 ...
Oils and Fats World Market Update 2013
Archive of AOCS Oils and Fats World Market Update 2013 Oils and Fats World Market Update 2013 Kiev, Ukraine Oils and Fats World Market Update 2013 ...
6th World Conference on Detergents
Archive of 6th World Conference on Detergents. 6th World Conference on Detergents Montreux , Switzerland 6th World Conference on Detergents ...
General Information General Information Acronyms of High-Energy Physics - (from Fermilab) A Bedtime Primer on Physics - Whimsical approach to particle physics, with links for cildren and adults alike. (from Jefferson Lab) European Particle Physics Outreach Group from CERN Inquiring Minds - General information about particle physics (from Fermilab) Lists of Links: High-Energy Physics Information Center - (from DOE, hosted at Fermilab) Particle Physics - (from the American Physical Society) Particle Physics Education Sites - (from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) The Particle Adventure - A simple, thorough explanation of the world of particle physics. If you haven't yet gone through this Website, get to it! Particle Detector BriefBook - Encyclopedic form of words associated with
2008 world direct reduction statistics
This supplement discusses total direct reduced iron (DRI) production for 2007 and 2008 by process. Total 2008 production by MIDREX(reg sign) direct reduction process plants was over 39.8 million tons. The total of all coal-based processes was 17.6 million tons. Statistics for world DRI production are also given by region for 2007 and 2008 and by year (1970-2009). Capacity utilization for 2008 by process is given. World DRI production by region and by process is given for 1998-2008 and world DRI shipments are given from the 1970s to 2008. A list of world direct reduction plants is included.
World Trade Center Investigation Status
... Approximately half (51%) of WTC occupants had never used a stairwell at the World Trade Center prior to ... fine, the electricity was fine�� (70's) ...
Is the Leading Role Desirable?: A Simulation Analysis of the Stackelberg Behavior in World Petroleum Market
This article explores extraction profiles in the Stackelberg equilibrium of exhaustible resource industry. Calibrated with real data of world petroleum market, the Stackelberg and Cournot---Nash equilibriums are solved numerically. The properties of ... Keywords: C61, C72, D43, Economic dynamics, Extraction profiles of exhaustible resources, Game theoretic modeling, L13, Numerical simulations, Q41, The Cournot---Nashequilibrium, The Stackelberg equilibrium
Zili Yang
Resource Assessment of the In-Place and Potentially Recoverable Deep Natural Gas Resource of the Onshore Interior Salt Basins, North Central and Northeastern Gulf of Mexico
The principal research effort for Year 2 of the project has been petroleum system characterization and modeling. Understanding the burial, thermal maturation, and hydrocarbon expulsion histories of the strata in the onshore interior salt basins of the North Central and Northeastern Gulf of Mexico areas is important in hydrocarbon resource assessment. The underburden and overburden rocks in these basins and subbasins are a product of their rift-related geohistory. Petroleum source rock analysis and initial thermal maturation and hydrocarbon expulsion modeling indicated that an effective regional petroleum source rock in the onshore interior salt basins and subbasins, the North Louisiana Salt Basin, Mississippi Interior Salt Basin, Manila Subbasin and Conecuh Subbasin, was Upper Jurassic Smackover lime mudstone. The initial modeling also indicated that hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were initiated in the Early Cretaceous and continued into the Tertiary in the North Louisiana Salt Basin and the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin and that hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were initiated in the Late Cretaceous and continued into the Tertiary in the Manila Subbasin and Conecuh Subbasin. Refined thermal maturation and hydrocarbon expulsion modeling and additional petroleum source rock analysis have confirmed that the major source rock in the onshore interior salt basins and subbasins is Upper Jurassic Smackover lime mudstone. Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were initiated in the Early to Late Cretaceous and continued into the Tertiary.
Ernest A. Mancini; Paul Aharon; Donald A. Goddard; Roger Barnaby
Energy and Resources Group Spring 2012 Colloquium Series (ER295)
Energy and Resources Group Spring 2012 Colloquium Series (ER295) February 22, 2012 What did I do during my tenure as the 'Clean Energy Czar' at the World Bank? This talk will examine the current patterns and future plans for investment in energy at the World Bank Group, which totals roughly $8 billion
Kammen, Daniel M.
United States: Energy Resources United States: Energy Resources (Redirected from USA) Jump to: navigation, search Click on a state to view that state's page. Country Profile Name United States Population Unavailable GDP Unavailable Energy Consumption 99.53 Quadrillion Btu 2-letter ISO code US 3-letter ISO code USA Numeric ISO code 840 UN Region[1] Northern America OpenEI Resources Energy Maps 1143 view Tools 94 view Programs 25 view Energy Organizations 8947 view Research Institutions 128 view References CIA World Factbook, Appendix D[2] Energy Resources Resource Value Units Rank Period Source Wind Potential 2,237,435 Area(km²) Class 3-7 Wind at 50m 3 1990 NREL Solar Potential 24,557,081,451 MWh/year 6 2008 NREL Coal Reserves 260,551.00 Million Short Tons 1 2008 EIA
Workplan and Annex: Solar Resource Knowledge Management
''Solar Resource Knowledge Management'' will be a new task under the International Energy Agency's Solar Heating and Cooling Programme. The task development has involved researchers from Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Canada, the U.S. that have been engaged in the use of satellite imagery to develop solar resource maps and datasets around the world. The task will address three major areas: (1) ''Benchmarking'' of satellite-based solar resource methods so that resource information derived from approaches developed in one country or based on a specific satellite can be quantitatively intercompared with methods from other countries using different satellites, as well as with ground data; (2) Data archiving and dissemination procedures, especially focusing on access to the data by end users; and (3) basic R&D for improving the reliability and usability of the data, and for examining new types of products important to the solar industry, such as solar resource forecasts.
Renne, D.
United States: Energy Resources United States: Energy Resources (Redirected from United States of America) Jump to: navigation, search Click on a state to view that state's page. Country Profile Name United States Population Unavailable GDP Unavailable Energy Consumption 99.53 Quadrillion Btu 2-letter ISO code US 3-letter ISO code USA Numeric ISO code 840 UN Region[1] Northern America OpenEI Resources Energy Maps 1143 view Tools 94 view Programs 25 view Energy Organizations 8947 view Research Institutions 128 view References CIA World Factbook, Appendix D[2] Energy Resources Resource Value Units Rank Period Source Wind Potential 2,237,435 Area(km²) Class 3-7 Wind at 50m 3 1990 NREL Solar Potential 24,557,081,451 MWh/year 6 2008 NREL Coal Reserves 260,551.00 Million Short Tons 1 2008 EIA
Los Alamos supercomputer remains fastest in world
world Los Alamos supercomputer remains fastest in world The latest list of the TOP500 computers in the world continued to place the Roadrunner supercomputer as fastest in the world...
Plasma-assisted conversion of solid hydrocarbon to diamond
A process of preparing diamond, e.g., diamond fiber, by subjecting a hydrocarbon material, e.g., a hydrocarbon fiber, to a plasma treatment in a gaseous feedstream for a sufficient period of time to form diamond, e.g., a diamond fiber is disclosed. The method generally further involves pretreating the hydrocarbon material prior to treatment with the plasma by heating within an oxygen-containing atmosphere at temperatures sufficient to increase crosslinking within said hydrocarbon material, but at temperatures insufficient to melt or decompose said hydrocarbon material, followed by heating at temperatures sufficient to promote outgassing of said crosslinked hydrocarbon material, but at temperatures insufficient to convert said hydrocarbon material to carbon.
Valone, Steven M. (Santa Fe, NM); Pattillo, Stevan G. (Los Alamos, NM); Trkula, Mitchell (Los Alamos, NM); Coates, Don M. (Santa Fe, NM); Shah, S. Ismat (Wilmington, DE)
Hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation process for in situ destruction of chlorinated hydrocarbon and fuel hydrocarbon contaminants in water and soil
In situ hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation process is useful for in situ degradation of hydrocarbon water and soil contaminants. Fuel hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum distillates and other organic contaminants present in the soil and water are degraded by the process involving hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation into non-toxic products of the degradation. The process uses heat which is distributed through soils and water, optionally combined with oxygen and/or hydrocarbon degradation catalysts, and is particularly useful for remediation of solvent, fuel or other industrially contaminated sites.
Knauss, Kevin G. (Livermore, CA); Copenhaver, Sally C. (Livermore, CA); Aines, Roger D. (Livermore, CA)
The Association of Large-Scale Climate Variability and Teleconnections on Wind Energy Resource over Europe and its Intermittency
In times of increasing importance of wind power in the world�s energy mix, this study focuses on a better understanding of the influences of large-scale climate variability on wind power resource over Europe. The impact ...
Kriesche, Pascal
The World Energy Projection System
World Energy Projection System World Energy Projection System May 1998 Continuing with this release, annual updates to the model will be available. Check this space for scheduled future releases. Note: If you are familiar with the model and just wish to download the latest version, click HERE. The World Energy Projection System The projections of world energy consumption published annually by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in the International Energy Outlook (IEO) are derived from the World Energy Projection System (WEPS). WEPS is an integrated set of personal computer-based spreadsheets containing data compilations, assumption specifications, descriptive analysis procedures, and projection models. The WEPS accounting framework incorporates projections from independently documented models and assumptions about the
Ecological Resources and Systems | Argonne National Laboratory
Ecological Resources and Systems Ecological Resources and Systems Argonne develops and applies innovative approaches and tools to integrate environmental compliance and environmental performance into an organization's structure in a cost-effective manner. Argonne knows that our world exists in a delicate balance with technology. Our research focuses on measuring advanced energy and technology's effects on the world's ecological systems, creating preventive strategies to protect the Earth from harm and inventing new ways to preserve green resources for all. Highlights Kayakers and boats traverse the branch of the Chicago River in the downtown area. Every river contains a population of microbes; scientists at Argonne are partnering with the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District to map how the River's inhabitants change over the months and years. Click to enlarge.
World petroleum-derived sulfur production
Research efforts in new uses for sulfur, among them those of the Sulfur Development Institute of Canada, have resulted in the development of several new product markets. Petroleum and natural gas derived sulfurs are finding use as asphalt extenders in road construction throughout North America and as concrete extenders and substitutes for Portland cement in the construction industries of Mexico and the Middle East. Their use in masonry blocks is now being commercialized. Canada is the world's largest producer of commercial sulfur; 80% of it is used as a processing chemical in the form of sulfuric acid. Saudi Arabia, recently having begun to commercialize its vast resources, is constructing plants for the extraction of sulfur from natural gas and plans to export between 6 and 7 x 10/sup 5/ tons annually, much of it for fertilizer manufacture to India, Tunisia, Italy, Pakistan, Greece, Morocco, and Thailand.
Cantrell, A.
Method and apparatus for synthesizing hydrocarbons
A method and apparatus for synthesizing a mixture of hydrocarbons having five carbons or less is disclosed. An equal molar ratio of CO and H/sub 2/ gases is caused to pass through a ThO/sub 2/ catalyst having a surface area of about 80 to 125 m/sup 2//g. The catalyst further includes Na present as a substitutional cation in an amount of about 5 to 10 atom %. At a temperature of about 340 to 360/sup 0/C, and at pressures of about 20 to 50 atm, CH/sub 3/OH is produced in an amount of about 90 wt % of the total hydrocarbon mixture, and comprised 1 mole % of the effluent gas.
Colmenares, C.A.; Somorjai, G.A.; Maj, J.J.
Chemical kinetic modelling of hydrocarbon ignition
Chemical kinetic modeling of hydrocarbon ignition is discussed with reference to a range of experimental configurations, including shock tubes, detonations, pulse combustors, static reactors, stirred reactors and internal combustion engines. Important conditions of temperature, pressure or other factors are examined to determine the main chemical reaction sequences responsible for chain branching and ignition, and kinetic factors which can alter the rate of ignition are identified. Hydrocarbon ignition usually involves complex interactions between physical and chemical factors, and it therefore is a suitable and often productive subject for computer simulations. In most of the studies to be discussed below, the focus of the attention is placed on the chemical features of the system. The other physical parts of each application are generally included in the form of initial or boundary conditions to the chemical kinetic parts of the problem, as appropriate for each type of application being addressed.
Westbrook, C.K.; Pitz, W.J.; Curran, H.J.; Gaffuri, P.; Marinov, N.M.
Building Technologies Office: Resources
Resources to someone by Resources to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Resources on Facebook Tweet about Building Technologies Office: Resources on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Resources on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Resources on Delicious Rank Building Technologies Office: Resources on Digg Find More places to share Building Technologies Office: Resources on AddThis.com... About Take Action to Save Energy Partner With DOE Activities Solar Decathlon Building America Home Energy Score Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Better Buildings Neighborhood Program Challenge Home Partner Log In Become a Partner Criteria Partner Locator Resources Housing Innovation Awards Events Guidelines for Home Energy Professionals Technology Research, Standards, & Codes
A privilege management and enforcement system for distributed resource sharing
The Internet has been identified as one of the most dangerous aspects for an organization in today's information based world. Unauthorized access, misuse, and manipulation of data can create havoc. We have chosen a distributed environment with thousands ... Keywords: DCE based authentication, Distributed Informatics Computing and Collaborative Environments project, Internet, World Wide Web based interfaces, X Windows, access control, authorization, controlled access, data manipulation, delegated resource management, distributed environment, distributed resource sharing, end user access, enforcement system, information based world, operating system, privilege management, unauthorized access
K. J. Maly; A. Gupta; B. Kvande; I. B. Levinstein; R. Mukkamala; S. Nanjangud; M. Olson; R. Whitney; R. Chambers
Oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to unsaturated hydrocarbons
Oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to unsaturated hydrocarbons is carried out over metal vanadate catalysts under oxidizing conditions. The vanadate catalysts are represented by the formulas M[sub 3](VO[sub 4])[sub 2] and MV[sub 2]O[sub 6], M representing Mg, Zn, Ca, Pb, or Cd. The reaction is carried out in the presence of oxygen, but the formation of oxygenate by-products is suppressed.
Kung, H.H.; Chaar, M.A.
In this report we detail the synthesis catalytic chemistry of polystyrene supported {eta}{sup 5} ~cyclopentadienyl- dicarbonyl cobalt, CpCo(CO){sub 2}. This material is active in the hydrogenation of CO to saturated linear hydrocarbons and appears to retain its "homogeneous", mononuclear character during the course of its catalysis, During �the course of our work 18% and 20% crosslinked analogs of polystyrene supported CpCo(CO){sub 2} were shown to exhibit limited catalytic activity and no CO activation.
Benner, Linda S.; Perkins, Patrick; Vollhardt, K.Peter C.
Literature Review of Background Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) continuously move through the environment, often via atmospheric transport. The subsequent deposition of particulates containing PAHs along with other sources of PAHs, such as natural vegetative decay, result in "background" PAHs in surficial soils. Even in pristine areas, surface and near surface soils can contain detectable levels of PAHs. This study provides data on the concentrations and distributions of background PAHs observed in environmental media. Such inf...
Hydrocarbon content of geopressured brines. Final report
Design Well data (bottomhole pressure minus wellhead pressure, GWR, and hydrocarbon composition) is presented as a function of producing conditions. These are examined in conjunction with the following models to attempt to deduce the reservoir brine saturation level: (1) reservoir contains gas dispersed in the pores and the gas saturation is greater than critical; (2) reservoir brine is gas-saturated; (3) bubble point below hydrostatic pressure; and (4) bubble point between hydrostatic pressure and reservoir pressure. 24 figs., 10 tabs. (ACR)
Osif, T.L.
Getter pump for hydrogen and hydrocarbon gases
A gettering device for hydrogen isotopes and gaseous hydrocarbons based on the interaction of a plasma and graphite used as cathodic material. The plasma is maintained at a current density within the range of about 1 to about 1000 mA/cm.sup.2. The graphite may be heated to a temperature greater than 1000.degree. C. The new device offers high capacity, low noise, and gas species selectivity.
Hsu, Wen L. (Danville, CA)
Hydrocarbon Fouling of SCR during PCCI combustion
The combination of advanced combustion with advanced selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst formulations was studied in the work presented here to determine the impact of the unique hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion on SCR performance. Catalyst core samples cut from full size commercial Fe- and Cu-zeolite SCR catalysts were exposed to a slipstream of raw engine exhaust from a 1.9-liter 4-cylinder diesel engine operating in conventional and PCCI combustion modes. The zeolites which form the basis of these catalysts are different with the Cu-based catalyst made on a chabazite zeolite which las smaller pore structures relative to the Fe-based catalyst. Subsequent to exposure, bench flow reactor characterization of performance and hydrocarbon release and oxidation enabled evaluation of overall impacts from the engine exhaust. The Fe-zeolite NOX conversion efficiency was significantly degraded, especially at low temperatures (<250 C), after the catalyst was exposed to the raw engine exhaust. The degradation of the Fe-zeolite performance was similar for both combustion modes. The Cu-zeolite showed better tolerance to HC fouling at low temperatures compared to the Fe-zeolite but PCCI exhaust had a more significant impact than the exhaust from conventional combustion on the NOX conversion efficiency. Furthermore, chemical analysis of the hydrocarbons trapped on the SCR cores was conducted to better determine chemistry specific effects.
Prikhodko, Vitaly Y [ORNL; Pihl, Josh A [ORNL; Lewis Sr, Samuel Arthur [ORNL; Parks, II, James E [ORNL
Summary World Oil Data (from World on the Edge)
Oil Data (from World on the Edge) This dataset presents summary...
K-12 school resources | ENERGY STAR
Sector-specific resources | ENERGY STAR
Grocery & convenience stores resources | ENERGY STAR
The emerging multi-polar world and China's grand game
This talk outlines a scenario describing an emerging multipolar world that is aligned with geographical regions. The stability and security of this multipolar world is examined with respect to demographics, trade (economics), resource constraints, and development. In particular I focus on Asia which has two large countries, China and India, competing for resources and markets and examine the emerging regional relations, opportunities and threats. These relationships must overcome many hurdles - the Subcontinent is in a weak position politically and strategically and faces many threats, and China's growing power could help stabilize it or create new threats. Since the fate of 1.5 billion (2.4 billion by 2050) people depends on how the Subcontinent evolves, this talk is meant to initiates a discussion of what China and India can do to help the region develop and stabilize.
Gupta, Rajan [Los Alamos National Laboratory
China Joins WorldWideScience Alliance | OSTI, US Dept of Energy, Office of
China Joins WorldWideScience Alliance China Joins WorldWideScience Alliance NEWS MEDIA CONTACT: Cathey Daniels, (865) 576-9539 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE October 14, 2008 China Joins WorldWideScience Alliance Oak Ridge, TN - The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) today announced that the People's Republic of China has joined the WorldWideScience Alliance-the multilateral governance structure for the global science gateway, WorldWideScience.org. WorldWideScience.org is intended to accelerate international scientific progress by serving as a single, sophisticated point of access for diverse scientific resources and expertise from nations around the world. The addition of China is a notable milestone, as it is a major global contributor to scientific knowledge.
Senior DOE Officials in Spain to Participate in World Petroleum Congress,
Senior DOE Officials in Spain to Participate in World Petroleum Senior DOE Officials in Spain to Participate in World Petroleum Congress, July 1, 2008 Senior DOE Officials in Spain to Participate in World Petroleum Congress, July 1, 2008 Senior DOE Officials in Spain to Participate in World Petroleum Congress. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Kevin Kolevar and Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy James A. Slutz are in Madrid, Spain this week to participate in the 19th World Petroleum Congress-a global forum held every three years by the World Petroleum Council to address resource potential, infrastructure, the regulatory framework and other key issues related to the future of petroleum development. Senior DOE Officials in Spain to Participate in World Petroleum Congress,
World Bank eAtlas of Global Development | Open Energy Information
World Bank eAtlas of Global Development World Bank eAtlas of Global Development Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: World Bank eAtlas of Global Development Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Topics: Co-benefits assessment, - Macroeconomic, - Energy Access, - Energy Security, - Environmental and Biodiversity, - Health Resource Type: Dataset Website: www.app.collinsindicate.com/worldbankatlas-global/en World Bank eAtlas of Global Development Screenshot References: World Bank eAtlas of Global Development[1] "This eAtlas, a new online companion to Atlas of Global Development, third edition, builds on the Atlas topics, allowing you to visualize and analyze a wider variety of data in greater depth, over a longer time period. You can: Map more than 175 World Bank indicators worldwide
world bank | OpenEI
world bank world bank Dataset Summary Description No description given. Source World Bank Date Released Unknown Date Updated Unknown Keywords coal energy imports energy production energy use fossil fuels Fuel global Hydroelectric international nuclear oil renewables statistical statistics world bank Data application/zip icon Data in XML Format (zip, 1 MiB) application/zip icon Data in Excel Format (zip, 1.3 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Peer Reviewed Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period 1970 - 2007 License License Other or unspecified, see optional comment below Comment Summary of Usage Terms ---------------------- You are free to copy, distribute, adapt, display or include the data in other products for commercial and noncommercial purposes at no cost subject to certain limitations summarized below. You must include attribution for the data you use in the manner indicated in the metadata included with the data. You must not claim or imply that The World Bank endorses your use of the data by or use The World Bank's logo(s) or trademark(s) in conjunction with such use. Other parties may have ownership interests in some of the materials contained on The World Bank Web site. For example, we maintain a list of some specific data within the Datasets that you may not redistribute or reuse without first contacting the original content provider, as well as information regarding how to contact the original content provider. Before incorporating any data in other products, please check the list: Terms of use: Restricted Data. The World Bank makes no warranties with respect to the data and you agree The World Bank shall not be liable to you in connection with your use of the data. Links ----- Summary of Terms: http://data.worldbank.org/summary-terms-of-use Detailed Usage Terms: http://www.worldbank.org/terms-datasets
NREL: Renewable Resource Data Center - Solar Resource Data
Solar Resource Data The following solar resource data collections can be found in the Renewable Resource Data Center (RReDC). Cooperative Networks for Renewable Resource...
World Class Boilers and Steam Distribution System
�World class� is a term used to describe steam systems that rank in the top 20% of their industry based on quantitative system performance data and energy management for the facility. The rating is determined through a proceduralized assessment process that includes technical features such as boiler efficiency and the percentage of failed steam traps. Management features such as the internal metrices and adequate staffing and training area also included in the assessment. These results are compared with benchmarks for the subject industry. Chemical plants are compared with other chemical plants instead of aggregated data from refining, food processing, health care, etc. This approach provides relevant comparisons and realistic performance targets. The assessment process and industry benchmarks have been developed through sources that include those in the public domain and proprietary industry data. Periodic review and updates are used to ensure that the data accurately represents the relevant industrial profile. Some companies may question why they should upgrade their system. The most obvious answer will be found in the benefits that derive from more efficient operations. Costs are reduced, reliability is improved, and adverse environmental impacts are mitigated. Successful upgrading and maintenance of the energy system requires management support. This may necessitate changes in current practices, technical upgrades to equipment, additional personnel, or other resources. Managers must communicate the message that they want energy management at their plant to be world class.
Portell, V. P.
Measurement and Monitoring of the World's Forests: A Review and Summary
Measurement and Monitoring of the World's Forests: A Review and Summary Measurement and Monitoring of the World's Forests: A Review and Summary of Remote Sensing Technical Capability, 2009-2015 Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Measurement and Monitoring of the World's Forests: A Review and Summary of Remote Sensing Technical Capability, 2009-2015 Agency/Company /Organization: Resources for the Future Sector: Land Focus Area: Forestry Topics: Technology characterizations Resource Type: Publications Website: www.rff.org/RFF/Documents/RFF-Rpt-Measurement%20and%20Monitoring_Final Measurement and Monitoring of the World's Forests: A Review and Summary of Remote Sensing Technical Capability, 2009-2015 Screenshot References: Measurement and Monitoring of the World's Forests[1] Summary "This report is part of a series of studies carried out under an initiative
Clean Cities: Information Resources
Information Resources Information Resources Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Clean Cities: Information Resources to someone by E-mail Share Clean Cities: Information Resources on Facebook Tweet about Clean Cities: Information Resources on Twitter Bookmark Clean Cities: Information Resources on Google Bookmark Clean Cities: Information Resources on Delicious Rank Clean Cities: Information Resources on Digg Find More places to share Clean Cities: Information Resources on AddThis.com... Publications Technical Assistance Information Resources Learn about Clean Cities by exploring these information resources. Publications View Clean Cities-branded publications or search for publications about alternative fuels and vehicles. Technical Assistance Learn about technical assistance available to help organizations overcome
Industrial Applications of Renewable Resources
Archive of Industrial Applications of Renewable Resources Industrial Applications of Renewable Resources Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Industrial Applications of Renewable Resources ...
Travel Notes - World Market Update
Travel notes, air travel, rail travel. Travel Notes - World Market Update Biofuels and Bioproducts and Biodiesel Processing Elearning Olive oil Industry Events Industrial Oil Products Abstracts Program Travel Hotel Short Courses Exhibits Regi
The world price of coal
A significant increase in the seaborne trade for coal over the past twenty years has unified formerly separate coal markets into a world market in which prices move in tandem. Due to its large domestic market, the United ...
Ellerman, A. Denny
Hewlett and Anderson- New World
Richard G. Hewlett and Oscar E. Anderson, Jr. The New World, 1939-1946. Volume I: A History of the Atomic Energy Commission. 1962. Text in each PDF is fully searchable.
Wartime Figures (World War II)
3. Before joining the Manhattan Project, Enrico Fermi built the world's first nuclear reactor, and had already won a Nobel Prize in part for his discovery of new elements. At Los...
Algeria: World Oil Report 1991
This paper reports that Algeria is positioned to achieve important, new natural gas markets. Over half of its hydrocarbon income is from exports of gas and derived products, liquified petroleum gas (LPG) and condensates, which are not subject to Opec quotas. Officials are moving away from inflexible past policies and are becoming vastly more realistic now that foreign investment laws have been liberalized and there is a need to attract foreign investors. Sonatrach must address three key issues to consolidate recent progress. Sales to existing customers in Europe, like Italy, must be expanded; new customers and markets need to found: and U.S. liquified natural gas (LNG) markets must be revived.
Solar radiation resource assessment
The bulletin discusses the following: introduction; Why is solar radiation resource assessment important Understanding the basics; the solar radiation resource assessment project; and future activities.
Cultural resources GIS.
??Cultural resources are inherently spatial entities, and the paper based inventory systems that have prevailed for cultural resources have been relatively effective at recording and� (more)
Clark, Kinney E.
Energy Basics: Ocean Resources
Resources Although the potential for ocean energy technologies is believed to be very large, no comprehensive studies have been conducted to date to determine an accurate resource...
Drivers and Resources
Drivers and Resources Regulatory Drivers National Laws Executive Orders DOE Orders and Directives Information Resources DOE P2 Web Sites Other P2 Web Sites Environmental...
Methods of Reforming Hydrocarbon Fuels Using Hexaaluminate Catalysts
of Reforming Hydrocarbon Fuels Using of Reforming Hydrocarbon Fuels Using Hexaaluminate Catalysts Contact NETL Technology Transfer Group email@example.com May 2012 Opportunity Research is currently active on the technology "Methods of Reforming Hydrocarbon Fuels Using Hexaaluminate Catalysts." The technology is available for licensing and/or further collaborative research from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory. Overview This invention discloses a method to reform hydrocarbon fuels using hexa- aluminate catalysts. In general, the method successfully disrupts the forma- tion of carbon that leads to the deactivation of the catalyst, a key element in the reforming of hydrocarbon fuels. When researchers are designing catalysts to reform hydrocarbon fuels, one
Method for producing hydrocarbon and alcohol mixtures. [Patent application
It is an object of this invention to provide an efficient process for extracting alcohols and ketones from an aqueous solution containing the same into hydrocarbon fuel mixtures, such as gasoline, diesel fuel and fuel oil. Another object of the invention is to provide a mixture consisting of hydrocarbon, alcohols or ketones, polyoxyalkylene polymer and water which can be directly added to fuels or further purified. The above stated objects are achieved in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention by contacting an aqueous fermentation liquor with a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture containing carbon compounds having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, which may include gasoline, diesel fuel or fuel oil. The hydrocarbon-aqueous alcohol solution is mixed in the presence or one or more of a group of polyoxyalkylene polymers described in detail hereinafter; the fermentation alcohol being extracted into the hydrocarbon fuel-polyoxyalkylene polymer mixture.
Compere, A.L.; Googin, J.M.; Griffith, W.L.
Harvester ants utilize cuticular hydrocarbons in nestmate recognition
Abstract�Cuticular hydrocarbons appear to play a role in ant nestmate recognition, but few studies have tested this hypothesis experimentally with purified hydrocarbon extracts. We exposed captive colonies of the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus to small glass blocks coated with whole cuticular lipid extracts and the purified hydrocarbon portion of extracts from nestmate and nonnestmate workers. As an estimate of agonistic behavior, we measured the proportion of ants in contact with blocks that flared their mandibles. Blocks coated with cuticular extracts from nonnestmates were contacted by more workers in one of two experiments and elicited higher levels of aggression in both experiments than blocks bearing extracts from nestmates. The cuticular hydrocarbon fraction of extracts alone was sufficient to elicit agonistic behavior toward nonnestmates. The results demonstrate that harvester ants can perceive differences in cuticular hydrocarbon composition, and can use those differences in nestmate recognition. Key Words�Cuticular hydrocarbons, Formicidae, Nestmate recognition, Pogonomyrmex barbatus.
Diane Wagner; Madeleine Tissot; William Cuevas; Deborah M. Gordon
Alleviating energy poverty for the world's poor | Open Energy Information
Alleviating energy poverty for the world's poor Alleviating energy poverty for the world's poor Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Alleviating energy poverty for the world's poor Agency/Company /Organization: Ambuj Sagar Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, People and Policy Phase: Create a Vision Topics: Co-benefits assessment, - Energy Access Resource Type: Publications User Interface: Website Website: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421504000096 Cost: Free Language: English This report argues for an 'energy poverty alleviation' fund to help provide modern energy services to poor households. It also proposes an approach through which to create such a fund, namely by introducing an incremental levy on petroleum. Improving energy services for poor households in developing countries
World Year of Physics 2005
IMAGE: World Year of Physics 2005 nameplate Berkeley Lab logo Berkeley Lab Celebrates World Year of Physics 2005 Berkeley Lab Web Search Berkeley Lab Phone Book Berkeley Lab A-Z Index Berkeley Lab Privacy and Security Notice IMAGE: World Year of Physics 2005 nameplate Berkeley Lab logo Berkeley Lab Celebrates World Year of Physics 2005 Berkeley Lab Web Search Berkeley Lab Phone Book Berkeley Lab A-Z Index Berkeley Lab Privacy and Security Notice IMAGE: World of Physics graphic Symposia page link Special Events page link Lectures page link Education page link The World Year of Physics is a worldwide celebration of physics and its importance in our everyday lives. Physics not only plays an important role in the development of science and technology but also has a tremendous impact on our society. WYP aims to raise the worldwide awareness of physics and physical science. The United Nations has declared 2005 to be the International Year of Physics. This declaration coincides with the 100th anniversary of physicist
Executive summary: Radar imagery interpretation to assess the hydrocarbon potential of four sites in the Phillipines
The Republic of the Philippines is intensely interested in the identification, development, and conservation of natural resources. In keeping with this, the Government of the Philippines has recently completed a nationwide sedimentary basin evaluation program to assess hydrocarbon potential and assist in future exploration activities. This program of collection and interpretation of the radar imagery was designed to augment and complement the existing data base. The primary objective of the project was to further the goals of international energy development by aiding the Republic of the Philippines in the assessment of potential petroleum and geothermal prospects within the areas imaged. Secondary goals were to assist the Republic of the Philippines in utilizing state-of-the-art radar remote sensing technology for resource exploration, and to train key Philippines scientists in the use of imaging radar data. 9 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.
Radar imagery interpretation to assess the hydrocarbon potential of four sites in the Philippines
The Republic of the Philippines is intensely interested in the identification, development, and conservation of natural resources. In keeping with this, the Government of the Philippines has recently completed a nationwide sedimentary basin evaluation program to assess hydrocarbon potential and assist in future exploration activities. This program of collection and interpretation of the radar imagery was designed to augment and complement the existing data base. The primary objective of the project was to further the goals of international energy development by aiding the Republic of the Philippines in the assessment of potential petroleum and geothermal prospects within the areas imaged. Secondary goals were to assist the Republic of the Philippines in utilizing state-of-the-art radar remote sensing technology for resource exploration, and to train key Philippines scientists in the use of imaging radar data. 29 refs., 30 figs., 14 tabs.
Oil spill response resources
Pollution has become one of the main problems being faced by humanity. Preventing pollution from occurring might be the best idea but is not possible in this fast developing world. So the next best thing to do would be to respond to the pollution source in an effective manner. Oil spills are fast becoming pollution sources that are causing the maximum damage to the environment. This is owing to the compounds that are released and the way oil spreads in both water and land. Preventing the oil spill would be the best option. But once the oil has been spilled, the next best thing to do is to respond to the spill effectively. As a result, time becomes an important factor while responding to an oil spill. Appropriate response to contain and cleanup the spill is required to minimize its potential damage to the ecosystem. Since time and money play a very important role in spill response, it would be a great idea if decisions can be made in such a way that a quick response can be planned. The first part of this study deals with the formation of an 'Oil Spill Resources Handbook', which has information on all the important Oil Spill Contractors. The second and the main part of the study, deals with creating a database in Microsoft Access of the Oil Spill Contractors. The third portion of the study deals with planning an oil spill response using a systems approach.
Muthukrishnan, Shankar
External Leadership Resources | Department of Energy
External Leadership Resources External Leadership Resources External Leadership Resources Here we provide specific links to resources, including training, guidance, blogs, newsletters, etc., for leadership development. Brainpickings - Brain Pickings is a human-powered discovery engine for interestingness, a subjective lens on what matters in the world and why, bringing you things you didn't know you were interested in - until are you. Department of Commerce- DOC has developed a succession strategy to: 1) Implement a leadership succession pipeline that links to the Department's mission critical occupations; 2) Manage a graduated series of competitive programs that identifies, selects and develops emerging leaders in engaging learning experiences; 3) Create a continuous learning environment that builds skills and enhances competencies throughtout the
Catalytic conversion of cellulose to liquid hydrocarbon fuels ...
Catalytic conversion of cellulose to liquid hydrocarbon fuels by progressive removal of oxygen to facilitate separation processes and achieve high selectivities
Novel catalyst for selective NOx reduction using hydrocarbons ...
This invention discloses a catalyst and process for removing nitrogen oxides from exhaust streams under lean burn conditions using hydrocarbons as the reductant.
isoprenoid hydrocarbons in crude oils and sediments must beisomers (up to C ) in crude oil and those characterised inarc found ubiqubtously in crude oils and shalt extracts as
McCarthy, Eugene D.; Calvin, Kevin
Methods for natural gas and heavy hydrocarbon co-conversion
A reactor for reactive co-conversion of heavy hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon gases and includes a dielectric barrier discharge plasma cell having a pair of electrodes separated by a dielectric material and passageway therebetween. An inlet is provided for feeding heavy hydrocarbons and other reactive materials to the passageway of the discharge plasma cell, and an outlet is provided for discharging reaction products from the reactor. A packed bed catalyst may optionally be used in the reactor to increase efficiency of conversion. The reactor can be modified to allow use of a variety of light sources for providing ultraviolet light within the discharge plasma cell. Methods for upgrading heavy hydrocarbons are also disclosed.
Kong, Peter C. (Idaho Falls, ID); Nelson, Lee O. (Idaho Falls, ID); Detering, Brent A. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Recovery of nitrogen and light hydrocarbons from polyalkene ...
Recovery of nitrogen and light hydrocarbons from polyalkene purge gas United States Patent. Patent Number: 6,576,043: Issued: June 10, 2003: Official Filing:
Carbonaceous adsorbent regeneration and halocarbon displacement by hydrocarbon gases
This invention describes a process for regeneration of halocarbon bearing carbonaceous adsorbents through which a carbonaceous adsorbent is contacted with hydrocarbon gases, preferably propane, butane and pentane at near room temperatures and at atmospheric pressure. As the hydrocarbon gases come in contact with the adsorbent, the hydrocarbons displace the halocarbons by physical adsorption. As a result of using this process, the halocarbon concentration and the hydrocarbon eluant is increased thereby allowing for an easier recovery of pure halocarbons. By using the process of this invention, carbonaceous adsorbents can be regenerated by an inexpensive process which also allows for subsequent re-use of the recovered halocarbons.
Senum, Gunnar I. (Patchogue, NY); Dietz, Russell N. (Patchogue, NY)
This invention describes a process for regeneration of halocarbon bearing carbonaceous adsorbents through which a carbonaceous adsorbent is contacted with hydrocarbon gases, preferably propane, butane and pentane at near room temperatures and at atmospheric pressure. As the hydrocarbon gases come in contact with the adsorbent, the hydrocarbons displace the halocarbons by physical adsorption. As a result of using this process, the halocarbon concentration and the hydrocarbon eluant is increased thereby allowing for an easier recovery of pure halocarbons. By using the process of this invention, carbonaceous adsorbents can be regenerated by an inexpensive process which also allows for subsequent re-use of the recovered halocarbons. 8 figures.
Senum, G.I.; Dietz, R.N.
Multi-step catalytic hydroprocessing to produce hydrocarbon fuels ...
Multi-step catalytic hydroprocessing to produce hydrocarbon fuels from biomass pyrolysis bio-oil (PNNL IPID 16665) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Systems and methods for producing hydrocarbons from tar sands formations
A system for treating a tar sands formation is disclosed. A plurality of heaters are located in the formation. The heaters include at least partially horizontal heating sections at least partially in a hydrocarbon layer of the formation. The heating sections are at least partially arranged in a pattern in the hydrocarbon layer. The heaters are configured to provide heat to the hydrocarbon layer. The provided heat creates a plurality of drainage paths for mobilized fluids. At least two of the drainage paths converge. A production well is located to collect and produce mobilized fluids from at least one of the converged drainage paths in the hydrocarbon layer.
Li, Ruijian (Katy, TX); Karanikas, John Michael (Houston, TX)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure in German Coke Oven Workers.
??Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed whenever there is incomplete combustion of carbonaceous material. They are ubiquitous in the environment and background levels are found� (more)
Thoroman, Jeffrey S.
Enhanced solubility of petroleum hydrocarbons using biosurfactants
This research investigation included two similarly-designed experiments. In the first, a biological surfactant produced by Rhodococcus strain H13-A and a commonly-used synthetic surfactant, Tween-80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), were compared for their effectiveness in enhancing the transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a complex organic phase into aqueous solution. In the batch-reactor experiment, each reactor contained a surfactant solution and West Texas Crude oil, while the control reactors contained distilled-deionized water and the crude oil. Using a temporal-monitoring scheme, the reactors were sacrificially sampled to determine the water-accommodated fraction (WAF). The phenanthrenes, fluorenes, pyrenes, and chrysenes showed significant increases in their aqueous-plus-micellar-phase concentrations in the presence of surfactants; the increase was greater for the biosurfactant compared to the synthetic surfactant. The enhancement in "solubility" was also more significant for the highly-substituted aromatics, when compared to their parent compounds. In the second study, the effects of four biosurfactants on the solubility of petroleum saturated hydrocarbons were compared. Rhodococcus species H13-A (glycolipid-producing), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (rhamnolipid-producing), Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 (sophorolipid-producing), and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 (surfactin-producing) were compared to a control of distilled-deionized water. The experimental design was similar that of the first study. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment significantly enhanced the solubility of the lower-weight, higher-weight and branched saturated hydrocarbons. The Rhodococcus treatment significantly enhanced the solubility of the low-molecular-weight compounds, but only moderately increased the solubilities of the other saturates. Neither the Candida nor the Bacillus solutions produced any negligible increase in solubility under these laboratory conditions.
Page, Cheryl Ann
NREL: Concentrating Solar Power Research - Data and Resources
Data and Resources Data and Resources For concentrating solar power technologies, NREL features the following online solar radiation resource data and solar resource maps, as well as data for renewable energy power plants. Also see TroughNet's data and resources specifically for parabolic trough technology. Concentrating Solar Power Projects around the World NREL, in conjunction with SolarPACES (Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems), maintains a database of CSP projects around the world with plants that are either operational, under construction, or under development. CSP technologies include parabolic trough, linear Fresnel reflector, power tower, and dish/engine systems. Each project profile includes background information, a listing of project participants, and data on the power-plant
World Bank Data Catalog | Open Energy Information
World Bank Data Catalog World Bank Data Catalog Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: World Bank Data Catalog Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Resource Type: Dataset Website: data.worldbank.org/data-catalog UN Region: Central Asia, Eastern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, "Pacific" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property., "Latin America and Caribbean" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property., "Western Asia & North Africa" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property., Northern America, "South Asia" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property., "Sub-Saharan Africa" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property., "Western & Eastern Europe" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property.
Hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst and method of preparation
A catalyst for the synthesis of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen composed of palladium or platinum and cobalt supported on a solid phase is disclosed. The catalyst is prepared by heating a heterogeneous component of the palladium or platinum deposited on the solid support in a solution of cobalt carbonyl or precursors thereof. The catalyst exhibits excellent activity, stability in air, and produces highly desirable product fractions even with dilute gaseous reactants. The catalyst is preferably used in dilute slurry form, which is desirable from a heat transfer standpoint.
Sapienza, Richard S. (Shoreham, NY); Sansone, Michael J. (Summit, NJ); Slegeir, William A. R. (Hampton Bays, NY)
Collisional processes of hydrocarbons in hydrogen plasmas
We have investigated the reactions of methane and its derivatives with hydrogen plasmas for use in modelling carbon and hydrocarbon transport in hydrogen plasmas. We provide quantitative information over the temperature range from 0.1 eV to 2 keV for the most significant reactions of methane and methane fragments with electrons and protons. We review the properties of each reaction, present graphs of the cross section and reaction rate coefficient, and give analytical fits for sigma and (sigmav). 34 refs.
Ehrhardt, A.B.; Langer, W.D.
Business and Technical Resources
Business and Technical Resources. Small Business Administration. The SBA provides information on programs for starting ...
ClearWorld Now | Open Energy Information
ClearWorld Now Jump to: navigation, search Name ClearWorld Now Place Beijing, China Zip 100027 Product China-based operational investment arm of ClearWorld Energy Ltd. References...
SolarWorld Korea | Open Energy Information
SolarWorld Korea Jump to: navigation, search Name SolarWorld Korea Place Korea (Republic) Sector Solar Product Korea-based JV set up by SolarWorld AG and SolarPark Engineering Co...
New England Wind Forum: Resources and Tools
Wind Powering America (EERE)
Resources and Tools Resources and Tools The following provides resources for large energy users considering purchases of wind or other renewable energy. World Resources Institute. (2004). "Next Generation Green Power Products for Corporate Markets in North America." This installment of WRI's Corporate Guide to Green Power Markets focuses on the most effective, and cost-effective, ways for large electricity consumers to buy green power. These include purchases of nationally sourced RECs and two forms of long-term contracts with renewable generators that can be used to stabilize corporate energy costs or serve as a hedge against volatile electricity rates. The Green Power Market Development Group (GPMDG) A collaboration of 12 leading corporations and the World Resources Institute dedicated to building corporate markets for 1,000 MW of new, cost-competitive green power by 2010. The group includes Alcoa Inc., Delphi Corporation, Dow, DuPont, FedEx Kinko's, General Motors, IBM, Interface, Johnson & Johnson, NatureWorks LLC, Pitney Bowes, and Staples. The GPMDG has developed analytical tools, guidelines for writing a solicitation, sample REC contracts, and corporate case studies, available on their Web site to facilitate corporate purchases of renewable energy.
Crude oil and alternate energy production forecasts for the twenty-first century: The end of the hydrocarbon era
Predictions of production rates and ultimate recovery of crude oil are needed for intelligent planning and timely action to ensure the continuous flow of energy required by the world`s increasing population and expanding economies. Crude oil will be able to supply increasing demand until peak world production is reached. The energy gap caused by declining conventional oil production must then be filled by expanding production of coal, heavy oil and oil shales, nuclear and hydroelectric power, and renewable energy sources (solar, wind, and geothermal). Declining oil production forecasts are based on current estimated ultimate recoverable conventional crude oil resources of 329 billion barrels for the United States and close to 3 trillion barrels for the world. Peak world crude oil production is forecast to occur in 2020 at 90 million barrels per day. Conventional crude oil production in the United States is forecast to terminate by about 2090, and world production will be close to exhaustion by 2100.
Edwards, J.D. [Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Teacher Resource Center: Science Fair Resources
Science Fair Resources Science Fair Resources TRC Home TRC Fact Sheet Library Curricular Resources Science Fair Resources Bibliographies sciencelines The Best of sciencelines Archives Annotated List of URLs Catalog Teacher's Lounge Full Workshop Catalog Customized Workshops Scheduled Workshops Special Opportunities Teacher Networks Science Lab Fermilab Science Materials Samplers Order Form Science Safety Issues Tech Room Fermilab Web Resources The Teacher Resource Center collection is available for use onsite. The TRC is a member of the DuPage Library System. This list was prepared for a presentation to several regional library systems. The Science Fair and Beyond, was presented by Susan Dahl, email@example.com, 630-840-3094. (links checked October 27, 2009) See the 'Customized Workshops" link in the "Teacher's Lounge" for information about more workshops available through the TRC. Explore the Education Office website for other opportunities and services.
World Wide Web Information Servers
World Wide Web Information Servers World Wide Web Information Servers Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory recently announced a gopher and World Wide Web site. To get to the web site, telnet to www.lbl.gov, login: www. Access is provided to LBL's gopher, library catalog, and publication list. The Center is funding the implementation of a WWW network node for on-line access to publications, databases, and documents full of hypermedia links to other documents or information systems from the Energy & Environment Division. Full implementation is expected by May 1994, and will include access to a variety of information from all the research programs and centers. The technology transfer project calls for this newsletter to be published on WWW using the Mosaic interface under development at the National Center
wepstitle.gif (8166 bytes) wepstitle.gif (8166 bytes) Continuing with this release, annual updates to the model will be available. Check this space for scheduled future releases. Note: If you are familiar with the model and just wish to download the latest version, click HERE. The World Energy Projection System The projections of world energy consumption published annually by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in the International Energy Outlook (IEO) are derived from the World Energy Projection System (WEPS). WEPS is an integrated set of personal computer-based spreadsheets containing data compilations, assumption specifications, descriptive analysis procedures, and projection models. The WEPS accounting framework incorporates projections from independently documented models and assumptions about the
Continuing with this release, annual updates to the model will be Continuing with this release, annual updates to the model will be available. Check this space for scheduled future releases. Note: If you are familiar with the model and just wish to download the latest version, click HERE. The World Energy Projection System The projections of world energy consumption published annually by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in the International Energy Outlook (IEO) are derived from the World Energy Projection System (WEPS). WEPS is an integrated set of personal computer-based spreadsheets containing data compilations, assumption specifications, descriptive analysis procedures, and projection models. The WEPS accounting framework incorporates projections from independently documented models and assumptions about the
World`s LPG supply picture will change by 2000
Middle East LPG producers will continue to dominate world export markets in 1996. Led by Saudi Arabia, the Middle East will produce nearly 26 million metric tons of LPG in million metric tons of LPG in 1996, more than 54% of the world`s almost 48 million metric tons of export LPG. In 2000, however, with world exports of LPG expanding to 58.9 million metric tons, Middle East suppliers; share will have remained flat, making up 31.7 million metric tons, or 53.9%. Saudi Arabia`s contribution will exceed 15 million metric tons, reflecting essentially no growth since 1995. These and other patterns, from data compiled by Purvin and Gertz, Dallas, and published earlier this year, show other suppliers of LPG, especially African (Algeria/Nigeria), North Sea, and Latin American (Venezuela/Argentina), picking up larger shares in the last 5 years of this decade. This scenario assumes completion of several major supply projects that are either panned, under construction, or nearing start up in most of these areas. The paper discusses the global picture, the supply situation in the Middle East, Africa, the North Sea, and South America.
True, W.R.
The principal research effort for the first half of Year 3 of the project has been resource assessment. Emphasis has been on estimating the total volume of hydrocarbons generated and the potential amount of this resource that is classified as deep (>15,000 ft) gas in the North Louisiana Salt Basin, the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin, the Manila Subbasin and the Conecuh Subbasin. The amount of this resource that has been expelled, migrated and entrapped is also the focus of the first half of Year 3 of this study.
Geology and hydrocarbon potentials of Arafura Sea
The Arafura Sea is a continental-shelf sea located between Irian Jaya (western New Guinea) and the northern part of the Australian continent. On the south it adjoins the stable Australian craton, and on the north it is bordered by the Tertiary collision zone between the Australian craton and the northern Irian Jaya island arc. On the west and northwest it is bounded by the active Banda arc collision zone, whereas on the east it is bordered by the northern extension of the Gulf of Carpentaria that also forms the western limit of the zone of late Paleozoic granites. Shelf sediments, ranging in age from late Paleozoic to Cenozoic, predominate in the Arafura Sea continental shelf, and are underlain by granitic basement. Gas shows have been reported from Jurassic to Cretaceous fine-grained marine limestones and sandstones, and gas and condensate also are present in Cretaceous sediments and Middle Jurassic fine-grained sandstones. At the north, the most prospective area seems to be the hinge zone of the Aru high, where a combination of traps and reservoir rocks presumably exists. On the south, the Money Shoal area is considered a significant prospect. In the Arafura basin, stratigraphic traps seem to be the most promising target for hydrocarbon exploration as tectonics seems not to have played an important role in the area. The sedimentary area occupied by the eastern extension of the Tarera-Aiduna wrench fault should also be investigated in detail for its hydrocarbon potential.
Katili, J.A.
Lubricant formulation for lower unburnt hydrocarbon emissions
Engine-out emissions of unburnt hydrocabons from spark ignition engines are attributable to a number of mechanisms, occurring during the engine cycle, by which fuel escapes combustion. These include absorption of fuel components into the bore lubricating oil film during compression, and subsequent desorption into hot combustion gases throughout expansion. A proportion of the hydrocarbons desorbed will then be emitted, either as unburnt or partially oxidised fuel. This mechanism has been studied by a number of workers, and estimates of its importance vary from 10 to 30% of total hydrocarbons being related to the absorption/desorption process. A novel lubricant additive has been formulated for the purpose of reducing the quantity of fuel which is absorbed into the bore lubricant film, and hence the quantity of fuel subsequently desorbed. This paper describes a programme to evaluate the effect that this lubricant additive can have on engine-out emissions from a single cylinder research engine, together with results from current technology, low-emitting US and European vehicles, tested over FTP and ECE drive cycles. 11 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.
Beckwith, P.; Cooper, J.H.
Sustainable World Capital | Open Energy Information
"Sustainable World Capital" Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleSustainableWorldCapital&oldid351925" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies...
been using the green plants' stored energy in the form ofannually renewable energy resources using green plants. 7 �the green plant to capture and store solar energy, is Brazil
Education: Digital Resource Center -- Ceramics: Web resources
Glossary of cement/ceramic terminology plus high school lesson plans and resources, 0 ... WEB: Ceramic Glossary � Ceramic Terminology and Abbreviations�...
World oil: Market or mayhem
The world oil market is regarded by many as a puzzle. Why are oil prices so volatile? What is OPEC and what does OPEC do? Where are oil prices headed in the long run? Is �peak oil � a genuine concern? Why did oil prices spike in the summer of 2008, and what role did speculators play? Any attempt to answer these questions must be informed and disciplined by economics. Such is the purpose of this essay: to illuminate recent developments in the world oil market from the perspective of economic theory.
James L. Smith; James L. Smith; Larry Debrock; Dwight Lee; John Parsons
Selective thermal and photooxidation of hydrocarbons in zeolites by oxygen
A process for selective thermal oxidation or photooxidation of hydrocarbons adsorbed onto zeolite matrices. A highly selective thermal oxidation and photooxidation of unsubstituted or alkyl substituted alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkyls in solvent free zeolites under dark thermal conditions or under irradiation with visible light. The process oxidizes hydrocarbons almost completely selectively without substantial production of byproducts.
Frei, Heinz (Berkeley, CA); Blatter, Fritz (Basel, CH); Sun, Hai (Saint Charles, MO)
A process for a combined selective thermal oxidation and photooxidation of hydrocarbons adsorbed onto zeolite matrices. A highly combined selective thermal oxidation and photooxidation of unsubstituted or alkyl substituted alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkyls in solvent free zeolites under dark thermal conditions or under irradiation with visible light. The process oxidizes hydrocarbons almost completely selectively without substantial production of byproducts.
Selective thermal oxidation of hydrocarbons in zeolites by oxygen
A process for selective thermal oxidation of hydrocarbons adsorbed onto zeolite matrices. A highly selective thermal oxidation of unsubstituted or alkyl substituted alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkyls is carried out in solvent free zeolites under dark thermal conditions. The process oxidizes hydrocarbons almost completely selectively without substantial production of byproducts.
Algal Lipid Extraction and Upgrading to Hydrocarbons Technology Pathway
This technology pathway case investigates the cultivation of algal biomass followed by further lipid extraction and upgrading to hydrocarbon biofuels. Technical barriers and key research needs have been assessed in order for the algal lipid extraction and upgrading pathway to be competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline-, diesel-, and jet-range hydrocarbon blendstocks.
Davis, R.; Biddy, M.; Jones, S.
Biological Conversion of Sugars to Hydrocarbons Technology Pathway
This technology pathway case investigates the biological conversion of biomass-derived sugars to hydrocarbon biofuels, utilizing data from recent literature references and information consistent with recent pilot-scale demonstrations at NREL. Technical barriers and key research needs have been identified that should be pursued for the pathway to become competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline-, diesel-, and jet-range hydrocarbon blendstocks.
Davis, R.; Biddy, M.; Tan, E.; Tao, L.; Jones, S.
A process is described for selective thermal oxidation or photooxidation of hydrocarbons adsorbed onto zeolite matrices. A highly selective thermal oxidation and photooxidation of unsubstituted or alkyl substituted alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkyls in solvent free zeolites under dark thermal conditions or under irradiation with visible light. The process oxidizes hydrocarbons almost completely selectively without substantial production of byproducts. 19 figs.
Frei, H.; Blatter, F.; Sun, H.
World Economic Forum10 Energy Transitions
and was, in turn, augmented by the rising use of hydrocarbons and primary (hydro and nuclear) electricity cars powered by new batteries, and there are no real alternatives to diesels in marine transport
Smil, Vaclav
David L. Greene, Janet L. Hopson, and Jia Li A risk analysisis presentedof thepeakingof world conventionaloil pro-
USSRandLatinAmericaappeartohavesignificantquan- TABLE3 Estimates ofWorld Oil Sands and Oil Shale Resourcesfrom Three Sources The USGS estimates also~ada and the United States by assuming that all Canadianoil sandsare included and no Canlidian oil shale. This leaves FIGURE9 World oil production from oil shale: reference scenario of text andUSGS resource estimates. #12
Cogeneration systems and processes for treating hydrocarbon containing formations
A system for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation includes a steam and electricity cogeneration facility. At least one injection well is located in a first portion of the formation. The injection well provides steam from the steam and electricity cogeneration facility to the first portion of the formation. At least one production well is located in the first portion of the formation. The production well in the first portion produces first hydrocarbons. At least one electrical heater is located in a second portion of the formation. At least one of the electrical heaters is powered by electricity from the steam and electricity cogeneration facility. At least one production well is located in the second portion of the formation. The production well in the second portion produces second hydrocarbons. The steam and electricity cogeneration facility uses the first hydrocarbons and/or the second hydrocarbons to generate electricity.
Vinegar, Harold J. (Bellaire, TX); Fowler, Thomas David (Houston, TX); Karanikas, John Michael (Houston, TX)
Heating hydrocarbon containing formations in a line drive staged process
Method for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation are described herein. Methods may include providing heat to a first section of the formation with one or more first heaters in the first section. First hydrocarbons may be heated in the first section such that at least some of the first hydrocarbons are mobilized. At least some of the mobilized first hydrocarbons may be produced through a production well located in a second section of the formation. The second section may be located substantially adjacent to the first section. A portion of the second section may be provided some heat from the mobilized first hydrocarbons, but is not conductively heated by heat from the first heaters. Heat may be provided to the second section with one or more second heaters in the second section to further heat the second section.
Miller, David Scott (Katy, TX)
Solar World USA not SolarWorld AG | Open Energy Information
World USA not SolarWorld AG World USA not SolarWorld AG Jump to: navigation, search Name Solar World USA (not SolarWorld AG) Place Colorado Springs, Colorado Zip 80907 Sector Solar Product Solar World manufactures solar powered products for educational, consumer, electronic and custom OEM markets. References Solar World USA (not SolarWorld AG)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Solar World USA (not SolarWorld AG) is a company located in Colorado Springs, Colorado . References ↑ "Solar World USA (not SolarWorld AG)" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_World_USA_not_SolarWorld_AG&oldid=351350" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations
How China is Reorganizing the World Economy
This paper contains the views of the authors and should not be thought to represent those of the Bank of England. Executive Summary China's emergence is clearly one of the most important forces currently reshaping the world economy. This paper asks how China will fit into the global division of labor and affect growth and distribution in other countries. As a labor abundant economy with neighbors capable of efficiently supplying industrial technology, components and capital, China will presumably specialize in the production of labor-intensive manufactures for sale on foreign and, increasingly, its own domestic markets. It will import capitalintensive manufactures, foodstuffs, and primary products including energy, given that it is relatively less well endowed in the capital, land and natural resources used intensively in the production of these goods. In this paper we analyze the impact of China's integration into the global economy on other countries, Asian countries in particular. We first examine how the growth of China's exports is affecting the exports of other countries in Asia and the rest of the world. Our innovation here is to distinguish exports of capital goods, consumer goods, intermediates, and raw materials and to disaggregate textiles, apparel and consumer electronics, the most visible sectors where China's presence is felt. We next look to the impact of China on direct foreign investment flows. Here our innovation is to distinguish vertical and horizontal FDI and to consider explicitly how supply-chain relationships affect these forms of FDI. We then look more closely at factors influencing the articulation of these supply chains, the fragmentation of production, and the emerging international division of labor, focusing on two industries, electronics ...
Barry Eichengreen And; Barry Eichengreen; Hui Tong; Bank Of England
Geologic control of natural marine hydrocarbon seep emissions, Coal Oil Point seep field, California
Formation, the primary source of petroleum hydrocarbons inPetroleum Geologists, Tulsa Clark JF, Washburn L, Hornafius JS, Luyendyk BP (2000) Natural marine hydrocarbon seep source
Leifer, Ira; Kamerling, Marc J.; Luyendyk, Bruce P.; Wilson, Douglas S.
The Spatial Scales, Distribution, and Intensity of Natural Marine Hydrocarbon Seeps near Coal Oil Point, California
marine hydrocarbon seeps (Coal Oil Point, Santa Barbara,marine hydrocarbon seepage near Coal Oil Point, California,associated with offshore oil production", Geology, 27(11),
Washburn, Libe; Clark, Jordan F.; Kyriakidis, Phaedon
marine hydrocarbon seeps (Coal Oil Point, Santa Barbara,marine hydrocarbon seepage near Coal Oil Point, California,source areas such as near Coal Oil Point. Furthermore,
World Conference on Oilseed Processing
Fats and Oils Industry Professionals Gather in Izmir, Turkey Industry professionals will review and discuss the day-to-day concerns and critical issues related to soyabean, sunflower, corn, canola, olive and palm, and other tropical oils at the World Con
Achieving world class maintenance status
The article written by a management consultant, discusses the art of successful planning and operation of maintenance in mines considering factors such as benchmaking, key performance indices (KPIs) and frequency of procedures which can help achieve 'world class maintenance'. 1 fig.
Tomlingson, P.D. [Paul D. Tomingson Associates (United States)
UCL MEDICAL SCHOOL world class
UCL MEDICAL SCHOOL world class medicine in the heart of London Guide for prospective students 2012/2013 #12;Vice Provost (Health), Head of UCL School of Life and Medical Sciences and Head of UCL Medical School Professor Sir John Tooke Vice Dean, Director of Medical Education and the Division of Medical
Saunders, Mark
World Oil: Market or Mayhem?
The world oil market is regarded by many as a puzzle. Why are oil prices so volatile? What is OPEC and what does OPEC do? Where are oil prices headed in the long run? Is �peak oil� a genuine concern? Why did oil prices ...
Smith, James L.
1974 FORESTER the world a
1974 FORESTER #12;#12;2 TREES make the world a better place in which to live! #12;TABLE OF CONTENTS . .... . .... . . . . . .....63 ADVERTISERS . . .. . . . . . .. ....... ....... .. 75 #12;FORESTER'S SALUTE TO DR. ERIC A. BOUROO. The Forester salutes Dean Bourdo for his accomplishments in advancing forestry at Michigan Tech, as a member
A Review of the World Bank Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Readiness
Page Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » A Review of the World Bank Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Readiness Preparation Proposals Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: A Review of the World Bank Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Readiness Preparation Proposals Agency/Company /Organization: World Resources Institute Sector: Land Focus Area: Forestry Topics: Implementation, Policies/deployment programs Resource Type: Lessons learned/best practices Website: pdf.wri.org/working_papers/getting_ready_2010-07-13.pdf A Review of the World Bank Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Readiness Preparation Proposals Screenshot References: A Review of R-PP[1] This working paper is part of a series of regular updates reviewing the Readiness Preparation Proposals (R-PPs) submitted by REDD+ Country
World Bank-The Role of Nonmotorized Transport | Open Energy Information
form form View source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » World Bank-The Role of Nonmotorized Transport Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: World Bank-Role of Nonmotorized Transport Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Focus Area: Transportation Resource Type: Publications Website: siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANTRANSPORT/Resources/chapter9.pdf Cost: Free World Bank-Role of Nonmotorized Transport Screenshot References: The Role of Nonmotorized Transport[1] "Despite its economic importance to the poor-both as a mode of transport and a source of income-and its environmental advantages, the potential of
Teacher Resource Center
Teacher Resource Center: Putting It All Together Teacher Resource Center: Putting It All Together TRC Home TRC Fact Sheet Library Curricular Resources Science Fair Resources Bibliographies sciencelines The Best of sciencelines Archives Annotated List of URLs Catalog Teacher's Lounge Full Workshop Catalog Customized Workshops Scheduled Workshops Special Opportunities Teacher Networks Science Lab Fermilab Science Materials Samplers Order Form Science Safety Issues Tech Room Fermilab Web Resources The Teacher Resource Center provides a preview collection of K-12 instructional materials. TRC services include professional development workshops, consultation assistance, bibliographies and reference assistance. Educators have access to curriculum materials, books, multimedia, educational supply catalogs, periodicals and newsletters. The collection
Stable isotope investigations of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Stable isotope ratio measurements for carbon (C) and chlorine (Cl) can be used to elucidate the processes affecting transformation and transportation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) in the environment. Methods recently developed in our laboratory for isotopic analysis of CAHs have been applied to laboratory measurements of the kinetic isotope effects associated with aerobic degradation of dichloromethane (DCM) and with both anaerobic and aerobic cometabolic degradation of trichlomethene (TCE) in batch and column microbial cultures. These experimental determinations of fractionation factors are crucial for understanding the behavior of CAHs in complex natural systems, where the extent of biotransformation can be masked by dispersion and volatilization. We have also performed laboratory investigations of kinetic isotope effects accompanying evaporation of CAHs, as well as field investigations of natural attenuation and in situ remediation of CAHs in a number of contaminated shallow aquifers at sites operated by the federal government and the private sector.
Abrajano, T.; Heraty, L. J.; Holt, B. D.; Huang, L.; Sturchio, N. C.
Microbial hydrocarbons: back to the future
The defining challenge of energy research in the 21st century is the development and deployment of technologies for large-scale reconfiguration of global energy infrastructure. Modern society is built upon a concentrated yet finite reservoir of diverse hydrocarbons formed through the photosynthetic transformation of several hundred million years of solar energy. In human history, the fossil energy era will be short lived and never repeated. Although the timing of peak oil is extensively debated, it is an eventuality. It is, therefore, imperative that projections for both when it will occur and the degree to which supply will fall short of demand be taken into serious consideration, especially in the sectors of energy technology development, political and economic decision making, and societal energy usage. The requirement for renewable energy systems is no longer a point for discussion, and swift advances on many fronts are vital to counteract current and impending crises in both energy and the environment.
Work, Victoria H.; Beliaev, Alex S.; Konopka, Allan; Posewitz, Matthew C.
A method and apparatus for synthesizing a mixture of aliphatic alcohols having five carbons or less is disclosed. An equal molar ratio of CO and H/sub 2/ gases is caused to pass through a ThO/sub 2/ catalyst having a surface area of about 80 to 125 m/sup 2//g. The catalyst further optionally includes Na ions present as substitutional cations in an amount of about 5 to 10 atom %. At a temperature of about 570 to 630/sup 0/K, and at pressures of about 20 to 50 atm, methanol and isobutanol are the predominant products and are produced in amounts of about 90 wt % of the total hydrocarbon mixture. 6 figs.
U.S., Canada continue dominance of world`s gas processing
Gas plants in the US and Canada continued to lead the rest of the world in processing capacity, throughput, and NGL production in 1996. The consolidation of gas-processing assets that has been rolling through US companies in recent years continued to limit growth in new capacity. Canadian liquids producers, on the other hand, will likely benefit from increased gas production and export sales to the US when a clutch of pipeline expansions in the next 18--30 months eases the capacity constraints on gas movements southward. And, markets and suppliers around the world continue to become more closely dependent on each other, stimulating new capacity and production. US capacity stood at slightly more than 678 bcfd as of January 1, 1997; throughput for 1996 averaged 48.8 bcfd; and NGL production exceeded 76,000 gpd. Canadian gas-processing capacity last year approached 40 bcfd. Gas-processing throughput there averaged more than 30.8 bcfd; NGL production fell to slightly more than 42,000 gpd. Oil and Gas Journal`s most recent exclusive, plant-by-plant, worldwide gas-processing survey and its international survey of petroleum-derived sulfur recovery reflect these trends. This report supplements operator-supplied capacity and production data for Alberta with figures from the (1) Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (AEUB), formerly the Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERBC), (2) British Columbia Ministry of Employment and Investment`s Engineering and Operations Branch, and (3) Saskatchewan Ministry of Energy and Mines.
Preignition oxidation characteristics of hydrocarbon fuels
Experimental results obtained from a static reactor are presented for the oxidation of a variety of fuels. Pressure and temperature histories of the reacting fuel/oxidizer mixtures were obtained. Measurements of the stable reaction intermediate and product species were made using gas chromatographic analysis. One aspect of this work involved detailed studies of the oxidation chemistry of relatively low molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons: propane, propene, and n-butane. The oxidation chemistry of these fuels was examined at temperatures in the range 550-750 K, equivalence ratios ranging from 0.8 to 4.0 and at subatmospheric pressures. The main characteristics and features of the oxidation mechanisms were determined for each fuel in each temperature regime. The experimental results from propene and propane were used to develop a low and intermediate temperature kinetic mechanism for these fuels based on a low temperature acetaldehyde mechanism of Kaiser et al. and a high temperature propene/propane mechanism of Westbrook and Pitz. General preignition characteristics of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and binary mixtures of these fuels were also studied. The low temperature/cool flame ignition characteristics of dodecane were investigated at temperatures in the range 523-623 K, equivalence s ranging from 0.8 to 1.0 and at subatmospheric pressures. The preignition characteristics of binary mixtures of dodecane and the aromatic component tetralin were examined. The addition of the tetralin had the overall effect of decreasing the ignition tendency of the mixture, although this effect was nonlinear with respect to the amount of tetralin added.
Wilk, R.D.
Solubilization of petroleum hydrocarbons using biosurfactants
Low solubility of petroleum hydrocarbons in water is the major factor limiting the degradation rates of these compounds (Zhang and Miller, 1994). The fraction that is more soluble in the aqueous phase is degraded at higher rates, while less soluble or insoluble compounds have lower degradation rates due to limited bioavailability to the microbial community. A recent study in our lab found no significant degradation of weathered petroleum at a Texas petrochemical plant site. It was concluded that bioavailability of the crude oil to the microorganisms limited the degradation rates (Mills, 1994). Preliminary experiments at our laboratories have also indicated enhanced solubilities of petroleum hydrocarbons due to the effects of biosurfactants (Kanga et al., 1994). This research focused on biosurfactants because they have been shown to be as effective as chemical surfactants and, most importantly, they enhance biodegradation. Glycolipid biosurfactants are produced by Rhodococcus species HI 3-A to enhance substrate solubility and promote bioavailability for degradation. The work proceeded in two stages. The initial stage involved production and characterization of extracellular biosurfactants by HI 3-A when grown on minimal salts media with hexadecane as the carbon source. The second stage evaluated the performance of the biosurfactants in enhancing the aqueous solubility of weathered West Texas Crude. Initial results indicated production of the biosurfactants by Rhodococcus species H13-A during the stationary growth stage. Biosurfactants lowered the surface tension from 72 to-30 dynes/cm and interfacial tension to below 5 dynes/cm. The two-, three-, and four-ring aromatic compounds showed substantial increase in their aqueous phase concentrations in the presence of biosurfactants. The enhancement was more dramatic with the larger aromatics and also the highly substituted-compounds. Preliminary experiments on toxicity and biodegradation indicated higher levels of toxicity in the surfactant/aqueous mixtures due to increased PAH partitioning (Lambert, 1995), and increased degradation rates for the target PAH compounds.
Kanga, Shahrukh
Transmission/Resource Library/Enviromental Resources and Mitigation...
Resources and Mitigation < Transmission | Resource Library(Redirected from TransmissionResource LibraryMitigation) Redirect page Jump to: navigation, search REDIRECT...
Solar Resource Assessment
This report covers the solar resource assessment aspects of the Renewable Systems Interconnection study. The status of solar resource assessment in the United States is described, and summaries of the availability of modeled data sets are provided.
Renne, D.; George, R.; Wilcox, S.; Stoffel, T.; Myers, D.; Heimiller, D.
Energy Resource Library
The Office of Indian Energy resource library provides links to helpful resources for Tribes on energy project development and financing in Indian Country. The library includes links to more than 85...
Enabling Materials Resource Sustainability
Mar 6, 2013 ... REWAS 2013: Enabling Materials Resource Sustainability: Enabling Sustainability through Education and Consumer Awareness Sponsored�...
New Messages, Rating, WEB RESOURCE: Research on Nuclear Wastes French Atomic Energy Commission. Strategies for radioactive waste management, 0�...
Electronic Materials: Web resources
Jan 11, 2008 ... WEB: NETWORKS MATEC, Maricopa Community Colleges. NSF resource center focused on semiconductor and electronics education, 0, 811�...
Live Working Resource Center
This report is a summary of work performed in 2008 on the EPRI Live Working Resource Center (LWRC) web site.
Geothermal Energy Resources (Louisiana)
Louisiana developed policies regarding geothermal stating that the state should pursue the rapid and orderly development of geothermal resources.
Resource Conservation in Snack Food Processing
Frito-Lay, Inc., the world's largest salty snack food company, operates 39 manufacturing facilities in the
U.S. and Canada. Operations in these facilities require substantial amounts of energy and water. In the past, these resources have been perceived as "free" by the manufacturing function. This perception, and the resulting practices, has resulted in significant opportunity for resource conservation. This paper describes Frito-Lay's Resource Conservation program, which is a nation-wide productivity effort aimed at reducing the consumption and cost of electrical energy, fuels, water, and nitrogen. Key elements of the program include Resource Conservation "opportunity" audits, benchmarking, implementation of "no debate" operating practices, performance tracking and reporting, awareness training, "strike-team" audits for under-performing facilities, and integration into the existing "Green Team" environmental management system. The program has driven real improvement in the awareness of environmental and resource conservation concerns among manufacturing associates as well as substantial reduction in our consumption of water and energy resources.
Perry, L. E.; Meyers, G. R.
The integration of climatic data sets for wind resource assessment
One barrier to wind energy development, in many regions of the world, is the lack of reliable information about the spacial distribution of the wind energy resource. The goal of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Wind Energy Program`s wind resource assessment group is to improve the characterization of the wind resource in many of these regions in support of U.S. wind energy industry. NREL provides wind resource assessments for our clients in the form of reports, atlases, and wind resource maps. The assessments estimate the level of the wind resource, at wind turbine hub heights (typically 30m to 50m above ground level), for locations exposed to the prevailing winds.
Schwartz, M.N.; Elliott, D.L.
World Bank | Open Energy Information
Bank Bank Jump to: navigation, search Logo: World Bank Name World Bank Address 1818 H Street, NW Place Washington, District of Columbia Zip 20433 Number of employees 10,000+"+" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property. Year founded 1944 Phone number (202) 473-1000 Coordinates 38.899458°, -77.042447° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.899458,"lon":-77.042447,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
THE WORLD'S Biggest Fan Collection
WORLD'S Biggest Fan Collection WORLD'S Biggest Fan Collection If you only know the Big Ass Fan Company as the preeminent designer and manufacturer of high volume, low speed fans for factories and cows, it's time you get to know us better. While we continue to lead the way in industrial and agricultural air movement, we've also refined these designs to bring the same innovation and benefits of our famous fans to circulate an ocean of air in sound-sensitive commercial spaces and homes. And when our customers said they wanted something for smaller spaces, we listened - and we think you'll like the results. We've got you covered - ceiling to floor, wall to door! Features New patented airfoil system uses 10 Powerfoil airfoils, winglets and patent-pending AirFence(tm) technology to increase
World Energy Projection System model documentation
The World Energy Projection System (WEPS) was developed by the Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting within the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the independent statistical and analytical agency of the US Department of Energy. WEPS is an integrated set of personal computer based spreadsheets containing data compilations, assumption specifications, descriptive analysis procedures, and projection models. The WEPS accounting framework incorporates projections from independently documented models and assumptions about the future energy intensity of economic activity (ratios of total energy consumption divided by gross domestic product GDP), and about the rate of incremental energy requirements met by natural gas, coal, and renewable energy sources (hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar, wind, biomass, and other renewable resources). Projections produced by WEPS are published in the annual report, International Energy Outlook. This report documents the structure and procedures incorporated in the 1998 version of the WEPS model. It has been written to provide an overview of the structure of the system and technical details about the operation of each component of the model for persons who wish to know how WEPS projections are produced by EIA.
Hutzler, M.J.; Anderson, A.T.
The Geopressured-Geothermal Resource, research and use
The Geopressured-Geothermal Resource has an estimated accessible resource base of 5700 quads of gas and 11,000 quads of thermal energy in the onshore Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast area alone. After 15 years the program is now beginning a transition to commercialization. The program presently has three geopressured- geothermal wells in Texas and Louisiana. Supporting research in the Geopressured Program includes research on rock mechanics, logging, geologic studies, reservoir modeling, and co-location of brine and heavy oil, environmental monitoring, geologic studies, hydrocarbons associated with the geopressured brines and development of a pH monitor for harsh environments, research support in prediction of reservoir behavior, thermal enhanced oil recovery, direct use, hydraulic and thermal conversion, and use of supercritical processes and pyrolysis in detoxification. The on-going research and well operations are preparing the way to commercialization of the Geopressured-Geothermal Resource is covered in this report. 12 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Negus-de Wys, J.
DOE Supercomputing Resources Available for Advancing Scientific
Supercomputing Resources Available for Advancing Scientific Supercomputing Resources Available for Advancing Scientific Breakthroughs DOE Supercomputing Resources Available for Advancing Scientific Breakthroughs April 15, 2009 - 12:00am Addthis Washington, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced today it is accepting proposals for a program to support high-impact scientific advances through the use of some of the world's most powerful supercomputers located at DOE national laboratories. Approximately 1.3 billion supercomputer processor-hours will be awarded in 2010 through the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program for large-scale, computationally intensive projects addressing some of the toughest challenges in science and engineering. Researchers are currently using supercomputing time under this year's
Wildlife Resources | Open Energy Information
Wildlife Resources Jump to: navigation, search Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleWildlifeResources&oldid612286" Category: NEPA Resources What links here...
Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Hydrocarbon Air Quality Standards, and Related
Monoxide, Ozone, Hydrocarbon Air Quality Standards, and Monoxide, Ozone, Hydrocarbon Air Quality Standards, and Related Emission Requirements (Ohio) Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Hydrocarbon Air Quality Standards, and Related Emission Requirements (Ohio) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Fuel Distributor Industrial Institutional Investor-Owned Utility Local Government Municipal/Public Utility Rural Electric Cooperative State/Provincial Govt Transportation Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Buying & Making Electricity Program Info State Ohio Program Type Environmental Regulations Provider Ohio Environmental Protection Agency This chapter defining the roles of the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency gives specific detail on the regulation point-source air pollution for a variety of industries and pollutants.
Thermal conversion of oil shale into recoverable hydrocarbons
The production of hydrocarbons is accomplished by pyrolysis of oil shale with controlled removal of the resulting layer of spent oil-shale residue. A procedure is described for the in situ thermal conversion of oil shale wherein fluidized abrasive particles are employed to foster improved hydrocarbon production, in amount and kind, by a controlled partial removal of the layer of spent oil shale which results from application of flowing fluids to heat exposed surfaces of the oil shale to release hydrocarbons. (5 claims)
Slusser, M.L.; Bramhall, W.E.
Petroleum resources of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and Thailand
This report presents estimates of the total recoverable crude oil from Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and Thailand (Thailand is not currently an exporter of petroleum but is included because of its proximity to the South China Sea and its high petroleum potential). Also included is an analysis of potential future rates at which these resources could enter into world markets. However, this analysis does not take into account the possible supply of recoverable resources from nonconventional deposits such as tar sands and oil shale.
World Business Council for Sustainable Development-Case Studies | Open
Development-Case Studies Development-Case Studies Jump to: navigation, search Name World Business Council for Sustainable Development-Case Studies Agency/Company /Organization World Business Council for Sustainable Development Sector Energy, Land Focus Area Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy, Buildings, Industry Topics Implementation Resource Type Lessons learned/best practices Website http://www.wbcsd.org/templates References Case Studies[1] Background "The WBCSD seeks to illustrate how companies work independently, or with different stakeholders, to integrate the challenge of sustainable development into their business activities. The value of sharing these experiences lies in their ability to further the business case for sustainable development by supporting the design of effective processes to
The U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Program
The U.S. Geological Survey has conducted four assessments of world oil and gas resources over the past 15 years. Recently, a new five year plan for the World Energy Program was completed. Eight regional coordinators were appointed and planning activities for a new world assessment which will include oil, natural gas and coal resources is planned within four years. Currently the program is undertaking U.S. AID sponsored collaborative work with research organizations in Russia including VINIGNI and VNIGRI. Some of the products planned for this collaborative effort include a petroleum basin map of the former Soviet Union and eventually a basin map of the world at a scale of 1:5,000,000 and databases characterizing past exploration activities in Russia. Centers are being established in Moscow and Tyumen to where state of the art seismic processing, organic geochemistry and geographic information systems will be operational. Additionally, collaborative research particularly organic geochemical studies and unconventional natural gas studies in the Timon-Pechora basin are underway. Training of Russian scientists both at the USGS and in Russia on equipment purchased for the Russian institutes has been underway for the past year. An analogous program, but at a smaller scale, focusing primarily on seismic processing and compilation of databases is underway with Ukranian geologists. Similar collaborative activities in coal research are underway in Armenian and Kyrgyzstan, and recently completed in India and Pakistan. Collaborative organic geochemical research, natural gas research with particular emphasis on basin centered gas accumulations or unconventional natural gas accumulations such as coal bed methane have been undertaken or are anticipated in several countries including Hungary, Poland, China, several Middle East countries, South America and Indonesia.
Ahlbrandt, T.S. [Geological Survey, Denver, CO (United States)
Analysis of the behavior of ternary hydrocarbon mixture as substitutes of the CFC-12
Hydrocarbons are stratospheric ozone friendly and have good heat transfer properties. The use of hydrocarbons (HCs) or their blend as refrigerant is extending in these days. This paper deals with the search of the best ternary hydrocarbons mixture of ... Keywords: CFC-12, LB-12, cub, hydrocarbon, ozone, refrigerant, ternary mixture
Rafael Quintero Ricardo
Research, development, and demonstration of algal production raceway (APR) systems for the production of hydrocarbon resources
A fractional factorial experimental design was used to determine the maximum production and photosynthetic efficiency that could be achieved in shallow algal mass culture systems (SAMCS) of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Dilution rate and CO/sub 2/ supply were found to be the most important system parameters. Maximum production was found to be about 25 g dry wt m/sup -2/d/sup -1/. This production corresponded to a photosynthetic efficiency of 5.6%. These figures are 50 to 100% better than the production rates achieved in earlier P. tricornutum cultures using conventional culture techniques. The results are consistent with a theoretical model of the impact of the flashing light effect on algal mass culture production. This model predicts that at the typical irradiances in Hawaii, full utilization of the flashing light effect should enhance production by 70% to over 200%. It was concluded that the use of foil arrays in the experimental flume creates systematic vertical mixing on a time scale suitable for utilizing the flashing light effect. Production of P. tricornutum culture is probably limited by temperature. P. tricornutum cannot survive at temperatures in excess of 25/sup 0/C in outdoor mass cultures. Growth of mesophilic species in the temperature range 30 to 35/sup 0/C may well result in even higher production than that achieved with P. tricornutum.
Laws, E.A.
Separation of toxic metal ions, hydrophilic hydrocarbons, hydrophobic fuel and halogenated hydrocarbons and recovery of ethanol from a process stream
This invention provides a process to tremendously reduce the bulk volume of contaminants obtained from an effluent stream produced subsurface remediation. The chemicals used for the subsurface remediation are reclaimed for recycling to the remediation process. Additional reductions in contaminant bulk volume are achieved by the ultra-violet light destruction of halogenated hydrocarbons, and the complete oxidation of hydrophobic fuel hydrocarbons and hydrophilic hydrocarbons. The contaminated bulk volume will arise primarily from the disposal of the toxic metal ions. The entire process is modular, so if there are any technological breakthroughs in one or more of the component process modules, such modules can be readily replaced. 3 figs.
Kansa, E.J.; Anderson, B.L.; Wijesinghe, A.M.; Viani, B.E.
This invention provides a process to tremendously reduce the bulk volume of contaminants obtained from an effluent stream produced subsurface remediation. The chemicals used for the subsurface remediation are reclaimed for recycling to the remediation process. Additional reductions in contaminant bulk volume are achieved by the ultra-violet light destruction of halogenated hydrocarbons, and the complete oxidation of hydrophobic fuel hydrocarbons and hydrophilic hydrocarbons. The contaminated bulk volume will arise primarily from the disposal of the toxic metal ions. The entire process is modular, so if there are any technological breakthroughs in one or more of the component process modules, such modules can be readily replaced.
Kansa, Edward J. (Livermore, CA); Anderson, Brian L. (Lodi, CA); Wijesinghe, Ananda M. (Tracy, CA); Viani, Brian E. (Oakland, CA)
Bridging the divide : incorporating local ecological knowledge into U.S. natural resource management
For the past 100 years, natural resource management in the United States has reflected a belief that the top-down application of science to predict and control the natural world will, in the words of Gifford Pinchot, the ...
Schulman, Alexis
Climate VISION: Private Sector Initiatives: Cement: Resources and Links -
Industry Associations Industry Associations Portland Cement Association Since its founding in 1916, the Portland Cement Association has had the same mission: "Improve and expand the uses of portland cement and concrete." The Cement Sustainability Initiative Coordinated by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, the Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI) helps the cement industry address the challenges of sustainable development. The business leaders of a group of major cement companies lead the initiative. The GHG Protocol Initiative Coordinated in 1998 by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and the World Resources Institute, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative (GHG Protocol) develops internationally-accepted accounting and reporting standards for greenhouse gas emissions from companies
Vaporization at supercritical pressures and counterflow condensing of pure and mixed-hydrocarbon working fluids for geothermal power plants
The Heat Cycle Research Program has as its objective the development of the technology for effecting improved utilization of moderate temperature geothermal resources. Current testing involves supercritical vaporization and counterflow in-tube condensing in an organic Rankine cycle. Results of the experiments are given for both pure and mixed-hydrocarbon working fluids. The heater and condenser behavior predicted by the Heat Transfer Research, Inc. computer codes used for correlation of the data was in excellent agreement with experimental results. A special series of tests, conducted with propane and up to approximately 40% isopentane concentration indicated that a close approach to ''integral'' condensation was occurring in the vertically-oriented condenser.
Bliem, C.J.; Demuth, O.J.; Mines, G.L.; Swank, W.D.
Underground storage of natural gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide
storage of natural gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and carbon storage of natural gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide (Louisiana) Underground storage of natural gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide (Louisiana) < Back Eligibility Commercial Construction Industrial Investor-Owned Utility Municipal/Public Utility Utility Program Info State Louisiana Program Type Environmental Regulations Siting and Permitting The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality regulates the underground storage of natural gas or liquid hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. Prior to the use of any underground reservoir for the storage of natural gas and prior to the exercise of eminent domain by any person, firm, or corporation having such right under laws of the state of Louisiana, the commissioner, shall have found all of the following:
Process for converting light alkanes to higher hydrocarbons
A process is disclosed for the production of aromatic-rich, gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons from the lower alkanes, particularly from methane. The process is carried out in two stages. In the first, alkane is reacted with oxygen and hydrogen chloride over an oxyhydrochlorination catalyst such as copper chloride with minor proportions of potassium chloride and rare earth chloride. This produces an intermediate gaseous mixture containing water and chlorinated alkanes. The chlorinated alkanes are contacted with a crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst in the hydrogen or metal promoted form to produce gasoline range hydrocarbons with a high proportion of aromatics and a small percentage of light hydrocarbons (C.sub.2 -C.sub.4). The light hydrocarbons can be recycled for further processing over the oxyhydrochlorination catalyst.
Noceti, Richard P. (Pittsburgh, PA); Taylor, Charles E. (Pittsburgh, PA)
Process for conversion of lignin to reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline
A process for converting lignin into high-quality reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline compositions in high yields is disclosed. The process is a two-stage, catalytic reaction process that produces a reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline product with a controlled amount of aromatics. In the first stage, a lignin material is subjected to a base-catalyzed depolymerization reaction in the presence of a supercritical alcohol as a reaction medium, to thereby produce a depolymerized lignin product. In the second stage, the depolymerized lignin product is subjected to a sequential two-step hydroprocessing reaction to produce a reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline product. In the first hydroprocessing step, the depolymerized lignin is contacted with a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst to produce a hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product. In the second hydroprocessing step, the hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product is contacted with a hydrocracking/ring hydrogenation catalyst to produce the reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline product which includes various desirable naphthenic and paraffinic compounds.
Shabtai, Joseph S. (Salt Lake City, UT); Zmierczak, Wlodzimierz W. (Salt Lake City, UT); Chornet, Esteban (Golden, CO)
Determination of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) Using Total Carbon Analysis
Several methods have been proposed to replace the Freon(TM)-extraction method to determine total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content. For reasons of cost, sensitivity, precision, or simplicity, none of the replacement methods are feasible for analysis of radioactive samples at our facility. We have developed a method to measure total petroleum hydrocarbon content in aqueous sample matrixes using total organic carbon (total carbon) determination. The total carbon content (TC1) of the sample is measured using a total organic carbon analyzer. The sample is then contacted with a small volume of non-pokar solvent to extract the total petroleum hydrocarbons. The total carbon content of the resultant aqueous phase of the extracted sample (TC2) is measured. Total petroleum hydrocarbon content is calculated (TPH = TC1-TC2). The resultant data are consistent with results obtained using Freon(TM) extraction followed by infrared absorbance.
Ekechukwu, A.A.
Mathematical modeling of solid oxide fuel cells using hydrocarbon fuels
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are high efficiency conversion devices that use hydrogen or light hydrocarbon (HC) fuels in stationary applications to produce quiet and clean power. While successful, HC-fueled SOFCs face ...
Lee, Won Yong, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Trend Analysis for Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Partitioning Using Continuous Thermodynamics
The partitioning of atmospheric hydrocarbons into vapor and condensed phases when the species count is large is considered using the formalism of continuous thermodynamics. The vapor saturation pressures and condensate species distribution are ...
K. Harstad
Biodegradation and phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using mushroom compost.
??Soils contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly found in petroleum, gas-work and wood-impregnation sites. Interest in the biodegradation and environmental fate of PAHs� (more)
Kodjo-Wayo, Lina Korkor
Assessment of plant-derived hydrocarbons. Final report
A number of hydrocarbon producing plants are evaluated as possible sources of rubber, liquid fuels, and industrial lubricants. The plants considered are Euphorbia lathyris or gopher plant, milkweeds, guayule, rabbit brush, jojoba, and meadow foam. (ACR)
McFadden, K.; Nelson, S.H.
Computer program for determining the thermodynamic properties of light hydrocarbons
This program was written to be used as a subroutine. The program determines the thermodynamics of light hydrocarbons. The following light hydrocarbons can be analyzed: butane, ethane, ethylene, heptane, hexane, isobutane, isopentane, methane, octane, pentane, propane and propylene. The subroutine can evaluate a thermodynamic state for the light hydrocarbons given any of the following pairs of state quantities: pressure and quality, pressure and enthalpy, pressure and entropy, temperature and pressure, temperature and quality and temperature and specific volume. These six pairs of knowns allow the user to analyze any thermodynamic cycle utilizing a light hydrocarbon as the working fluid. The Starling--Benedict--Webb--Rubin equation of state was used. A brief description, flowchart, listing and required equations for each subroutine are included.
Riemer, D.H.; Jacobs, H.R.; Boehm, R.F.; Cook, D.S.
This program was written to be used as a subroutine. The program determines the thermodynamics of light hydrocarbons. The following light hydrocarbons can be analyzed: butane, ethane, ethylene, heptane, hexane, isobutane, isopentane, methane, octane, pentane, propane and propylene. The subroutine can evaluate a thermodynamic state for the light hydrocarbons given any of the following pairs of state quantities: pressure and quality, pressure and enthalpy, pressure and entropy, temperature and pressure, temperature and quality and temperature and specific volume. These six pairs of knowns allow the user to analyze any thermodynamic cycle utilizing a light hydrocarbon as the working fluid. The Starling-Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation of state was used. This report contains a brief description, flowchart, listing and required equations for each subroutine.
Conversion of Pentose-Derived Furans into Hydrocarbon Fuels
We are interested in the conversion of biomass-derived hemicellulose into hydrocarbon molecules that can be used in the formulation of 'drop-in' fuels such as gasoline (C5-12), diesel (C10-20) and jet fuel (C9-16). Our focus lies on the use of furfuryl alcohol as a starting material since that is already produced commercially from hemicellulose-derived pentoses. The steps required to convert the latter into hydrocarbons are 1) oligomerization of furfuryl alcohol to form dimers (C10) and trimers (C15), and 2) hydrotreatment of the dimers and trimers to produce a mixture of linear hydrocarbons with carbon chain lengths in the range of diesel and jet fuels. However, furfuryl alcohol readily polymerizes to form resins in the presence of an acid catalyst, and the exothermic oligomerization must be carried out under reaction control. This presentation will discuss our progress in the development of this sugar-to-hydrocarbon pathway.
Moens, L.; Johnson, D. K.
neutron tomography complementary Manufacturing research World-leading research facilities additive Manufacturing ORNL is collaborating with equipment manufacturers and end users to...
Seeking for ultrashort "non-bonded" hydrogen-hydrogen contacts in some rigid hydrocarbons and their derivatives
In this communication a systematic computational survey is done on some rigid hydrocarbon skeletons and their chlorinated derivatives in order to seek for the so-called ultrashort "non-bonded" hydrogen-hydrogen contacts. It is demonstrated that upon a proper choice of the main hydrocarbons backbone and adding some bulky chlorine atoms instead of the original hydrogen atoms in parts of the employed hydrocarbons, the resulting strain triggers structural changes that yields ultrashort hydrogen-hydrogen contacts with distances as small as 1.38 Angstrom. Such ultrashort contacts is clearly less than the world record of a ultrashort non-bonded hydrogen-hydrogen contact, 1.56 Angstrom, very recently realized experimentally by Pascal and coworkers in in,in-bis(hydrosilane) [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 13235 (2013)]. Accordingly, it is demonstrated that various backbones, e.g. half-cage pentacyclododecanes and tetracyclododecanes, after proper structural modifications, are capable to reveal ultrashort non-bonded hydrogen-h...
Firouzi, Rohoullah
Information Resources - EERE Commercialization Office
Information Resources. Here you will find various informational resources related to the commercialization of clean energy technologies. Hawaiian ...
Information Resources. Here you will find various informational resources related to the commercialization of clean energy technologies. Hawaiian Renewable Energy ...
Catalytic Upgrading of Sugars to Hydrocarbons Technology Pathway
This technology pathway case investigates the catalytic conversion of solubilized carbohydrate streams to hydrocarbon biofuels, utilizing data from recent efforts within the National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC) in collaboration with Virent, Inc. Technical barriers and key research needs that should be pursued for the catalytic conversion of sugars pathway to be competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline-, diesel-, and jet-range hydrocarbon blendstocks have been identified.
Biddy, M.; Jones, S.
Hydrocarbon-enhanced particulate filter regeneration via microwave ignition
A regeneration method for a particulate filter includes estimating a quantity of particulate matter trapped within the particulate filter, comparing the quantity of particulate matter to a predetermined quantity, heating at least a portion of the particulate filter to a combustion temperature of the particulate matter, and introducing hydrocarbon fuel to the particulate filter. The hydrocarbon fuel facilitates combustion of the particulate matter to regenerate the particulate filter.
Gonze, Eugene V. (Pinckney, MI); Brown, David B. (Brighton, MI)
Cooling and solidification of heavy hydrocarbon liquid streams
A process and apparatus for cooling and solidifying a stream of heavy hydrocarbon material normally boiling above about 850.degree. F., such as vacuum bottoms material from a coal liquefaction process. The hydrocarbon stream is dropped into a liquid bath, preferably water, which contains a screw conveyor device and the stream is rapidly cooled, solidified and broken therein to form discrete elongated particles. The solid extrudates or prills are then dried separately to remove substantially all surface moisture, and passed to further usage.
Antieri, Salvatore J. (Trenton, NJ); Comolli, Alfred G. (Yardley, PA)
Resource Adequacy Capacity - Power Marketing - Sierra Nevada...
Resource Adequacy Capacity Resource Adequacy Capacity Resource Adequacy Plan - Current Local Resource Adequacy Plan (Word - 175K) - Notice of Proposed Final Resource Adequacy Plan...
Method for producing hydrocarbon fuels from heavy polynuclear hydrocarbons by use of molten metal halide catalyst
In a process for hydrocracking heavy polynuclear carbonaceous feedstocks to produce lighter hydrocarbon fuels by contacting the heavy feedstocks with hydrogen in the presence of a molten metal halide catalyst, thereafter separating at least a substantial portion of the carbonaceous material associated with the reaction mixture from the spent molten metal halide and thereafter regenerating the metal halide catalyst, an improvement comprising contacting the spent molten metal halide catalyst after removal of a major portion of the carbonaceous material therefrom with an additional quantity of hydrogen is disclosed.
Gorin, Everett (San Rafael, CA)
Catalytic partial oxidation reforming of hydrocarbon fuels.
The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is the primary candidate as the power source for light-duty transportation systems. On-board conversion of fuels (reforming) to supply the required hydrogen has the potential to provide the driving range that is typical of today's automobiles. Petroleum-derived fuels, gasoline or some distillate similar to it, are attractive because of their existing production, distribution, and retailing infrastructure. The fuel may be either petroleum-derived or other alternative fuels such as methanol, ethanol, natural gas, etc. [1]. The ability to use a variety of fuels is also attractive for stationary distributed power generation [2], such as in buildings, or for portable power in remote locations. Argonne National Laboratory has developed a catalytic reactor based on partial oxidation reforming that is suitable for use in light-duty vehicles powered by fuel cells. The reactor has shown the ability to convert a wide variety of fuels to a hydrogen-rich gas at less than 800 C, temperatures that are several hundreds of degrees lower than alternative noncatalytic processes. The fuel may be methanol, ethanol, natural gas, or petroleum-derived fuels that are blends of various hydrocarbons such as paraffins, olefins, aromatics, etc., as in gasoline. This paper will discuss the results obtained from a bench-scale (3-kWe) reactor., where the reforming of gasoline and natural gas generated a product gas that contained 38% and 42% hydrogen on a dry basis at the reformer exit, respectively.
Ahmed, S.
Initial results for supercritical cycle experiments using pure and mixed-hydrocarbon working fluids
The Heat Cycle Research Program, which is being conducted for the Department of Energy, has as its objective the development of the technology for effecting improved utilization of moderate temperature geothermal resources. Testing at the Heat Cycle Research Facility (HCRF) located at the DOE Geothermal Test Facility (GTF), East Mesa, California, is presently being conducted to meet this objective. Current testing involves a supercritical vaporization and countercurrent in-tube condensing system. The paper presents a brief description of the test facility and a discussion of the test program. Preliminary results on the performance of the supercritical heaters, countercurrent in-tube condenser, and turbine are given for both pure and mixed-hydrocarbon working fluids.
Bliem, C.J.; Mines, G.L.
Monetization of Nigeria coal by conversion to hydrocarbon fuels through Fischer-Tropsch process
Given the instability of crude oil prices and the disruptions in crude oil supply chains, this article offers a complementing investment proposal through diversification of Nigeria's energy source and dependence. Therefore, the following issues were examined and reported: A comparative survey of coal and hydrocarbon reserve bases in Nigeria was undertaken and presented. An excursion into the economic, environmental, and technological justifications for the proposed diversification and roll-back to coal-based resource was also undertaken and presented. The technology available for coal beneficiation for environmental pollution control was reviewed and reported. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and its advances into Sasol's slurry phase distillate process were reviewed. Specifically, the adoption of Sasol's advanced synthol process and the slurry phase distillate process were recommended as ways of processing the products of coal gasification. The article concludes by discussing all the above-mentioned issues with regard to value addition as a means of wealth creation and investment.
Oguejiofor, G.C. [Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (Nigeria). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
www.epa.gov www.clu-in.org Phytoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons NOTICE
This document was prepared by a graduate student during an internship with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, sponsored by the Environmental Careers Organization. This report was not subject to EPA peer review or technical review. The EPA makes no warranties, expressed or implied, including without limitation, warranty for completeness, accuracy, or usefulness of the information, warranties as to the merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. Moreover, the listing of any technology, corporation, company, person, or facility in this report does not constitute endorsement, approval, or recommendation by the EPA. The report contains information attained from a wide variety of currently available sources, including project documents, reports, periodicals, Internet websites, and personal communication with both academically and commercially employed sources. No attempts were made to confirm the resources used independently. It has been reproduced to help provide federal agencies, states, consulting engineering firms, private industries, and technology developers with information on the current status of phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbon Reformers for Fuel Cell Systems
Several new or emerging technologies are vying to compete in the distributed resources market; notably, fuel cells and microturbines. Fuel cells represent an idealized power generation technology with tremendous long-term promise. As a hydrogen-fueled system, however, fuel cells need either a hydrogen fuel supply infrastructure or fuel processing (reforming and clean-up) technology to convert conventional fossil fuels to a hydrogen-rich energy source. This report provides an overview of fuel processing t...
World Oil Refining Logistics Demand Model
Estimating long-term world coal production with logit and probit transforms David Rutledge
Estimating long-term world coal production with logit and probit transforms David Rutledge form 27 October 2010 Accepted 27 October 2010 Available online 4 November 2010 Keywords: Coal reserves Coal resources Coal production estimates IPCC Logistic model Cumulative normal model An estimate
Weinreb, Sander
Econometric Modelling of World Oil Supplies: Terminal Price and the Time to Depletion
demand, it is dependent on the world real interest rate and the total life-time stock of oil resources, as well as on the marginal extraction and scarcity cost parameters. The theoretical predictions of this model are evaluated using data on the cost...
Mohaddes, Kamiar
The World Energy Problem -What Should We be Doing? FPA Annual Meeting, Washington 2005
Hydrates1462.23GAS Shale Oil, Bitumen and Heavy Oil% of 11180.22OIL Unconv. Conventional1483.50OIL + NGLs and Resources," John Sheffield. #12;Projected World Energy Demand in Gtoe (Gigatonnes of oil energy equivalent 1995 & 2004 Note proved recoverable: Coal: 567 (1995) and 643 (2004). Oil: 141 (1995) and 148 (2004
Summary World Natural Gas Data (from World on the Edge) | OpenEI
data GDR Community Login | Sign Up Search Facebook icon Twitter icon Summary World Natural Gas Data (from World on the Edge) Dataset Summary Description This dataset...
Controlling collective dynamics in complex, minority-game resource-allocation systems
Resource allocation takes place in various kinds of real-world complex systems, such as the traffic systems, social services institutions or organizations, or even the ecosystems. The fundamental principle underlying complex resource-allocation dynamics is Boolean interactions associated with minority games, as resources are generally limited and agents tend to choose the least used resource based on available information. A common but harmful dynamical behavior in resource-allocation systems is herding, where there are time intervals during which a large majority of the agents compete for a few resources, leaving many other resources unused. Ac- companying the herd behavior is thus strong fluctuations with time in the number of resources being used. In this paper, we articulate and establish that an intuitive control strategy, namely pinning control, is effective at harnessing the herding dynamics. In particular, by fixing the choices of resources for a few agents while leaving majority of the agents free, h...
Zhang, Ji-Qiang; Huang, Zi-Gang; Huang, Liang; Huang, Tie-Qiao; Lai, Ying-Cheng
Office of Resource Management
Resource Management Resource Management Home Sub Offices › Business Operations › Information Management › Human Resources and Administration Mission and Functions HSS Standard Operating Practices (For Internal Users Only) HSS Subject Matter Experts and Functional Points of Contacts Contact Us HSS Logo Office of Resource Management Direct Report to the Chief Health, Safety and Security Officer Mission and Functions Mission The Office of Resource Management supports the infrastructure of the Office of Health, Safety and Security (HSS) by providing balanced, unbiased, technically competent, and customer focused services in the areas of: (1) Financial Management, including budget formulation and execution; (2) Procurement Management, including contract and credit card programs; (3) Information Management, including technology-based solutions and programs; (4) Quality Assurance; (5) Human Resources, including recruitment and retention programs; (6) Administrative Services, including property management, travel, and work space management; and; (7) Strategic and Program Planning including performance and efficiency measures.
Contact List, Human Resources
Human Resources & Occupational Medicine Division Human Resources & Occupational Medicine Division Contact List Human Resources Guest, User, Visitor (GUV) Center Occupational Medicine Training and Qualifications Office Note: All listed phone extensions are in the format of (631) 344-xxxx. Human Resources Robert Lincoln, Chief Human Resources Officer x7435 email@example.com Margaret Hughes x2108 firstname.lastname@example.com Elizabeth Gilbert x2315 firstname.lastname@example.com Human Resources Generalists Christel Colon, HR Manager - BES, GARS & ELS x8469 firstname.lastname@example.com Joann Williams, HR Manager - Support Operations x8356 email@example.com Joanna Hall, HR Manager - Photon Sciences x4410 firstname.lastname@example.com Donna Dowling, HR Manager - Nuclear & Particle Physics x2754 email@example.com Terrence Buck x8715 email@example.com
Virtual worlds as a medium for advertising
Online virtual worlds, such as Second Life, are rapidly becoming recognized as a technology of substantial future importance for marketers and advertisers. Many of these virtual worlds provide the potential medium for very rich and varied new and enhanced ... Keywords: MMOG, advertising, marketing, online game, second life, virtual world
Stuart Barnes
Opec squabbling sparks surge in world production
In the second half of 1988 Opec member nations began on cheating on their quotas. The resultant 11% surge in Middle Eastern production propelled world output to an average of 58.5 MMbopd. This paper presents an analysis of major oil producing countries of the world and a listing, by country, of world crude oil and condensate production for 1987 and 1988.
CMPC Marking Resource
June 2012 June 2012 CMPC Marking Resource: Examples of Acceptably Marked Classified Matter June 2012 CMPC Marking Resource Examples of Acceptably Marked Classified Matter June 2012 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Office of Health, Safety and Security Office of Security Policy CMPC Marking Resource: Examples of Acceptably Marked Classified Matter June 2012 i FOREWORD A strong and cohesive information security program is integral to national security. The
Distributed Resource Integration Framework
This report defines a framework for assessing current issues and considerations associated with the deployment and operation of distributed resources. The framework is a guide that can assist utility personnel, distributed resource owners, and other stakeholders in planning integration projects and in relating different integration projects to one another. The framework provides a structured organization of the various elements associated with distributed resource integration, including regulatory, busin...
BCDA SPEC Resources
Software * Group Info * Sector Contacts * Knowledge Base * Meetings * Mailing list * APS PV Information * EPICS Naming Convention Print this page APS SPEC Resources The APS has a...
Post-2014 Resource Allocations
Post-2014 Resource Allocations Post-2014 Resource Allocations On December 17, 2010, Western Area Power Administration's Rocky Mountain Region published its Post-2014 Resource Pool-Loveland Area Projects (LAP), Allocation Procedures and Call for Applications (75 FR 78988). Through the Post-2014 Resource Pool (Resource Pool), Western will allocate up to 1 percent of the LAP long-term firm hydroelectric resource available as of October 1, 2014, that is estimated to be approximately 6.9 megawatts for the summer season and 6.1 megawatts for the winter season. The Resource Pool will be created by reducing existing customers' allocations by up to 1 percent. A public information forum was held on February 2, 2011, prior to the application deadline, which was March 4, 2011. Of the seven applications received, Western determined that six of the applicants met the Resource Pool General Eligibility Criteria. Western published the Resource Pool proposed power allocation and initiated a public comment period in the Federal Register (76 FR 45551, July 29, 2011). A public comment forum on the proposed power allocation was held August 25, 2011, and public comments were due to Western by September 12, 2011. There were no comments received during the public comment period.
Resources | Department of Energy
Roundtables START Program Technical Assistance Tribal Energy Program Tribal Summit The Office of Indian Energy provides the following resources to assist Tribes with energy...
EERE: Energy Basics Geothermal Resources Although geothermal heat pumps can be used almost anywhere, most direct-use and electrical production facilities in the United States are...
Geothermal Resources Council's ...
Geothermal Resources Council's 36 th Annual Meeting Reno, Nevada, USA September 30 - October 3, 2012 Advanced Electric Submersible Pump Design Tool for Geothermal Applications...
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Ocean Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Tidal Energy Wave Energy...
Air Resources Board
The Air Resources Board (the Board or ARB) will conduct a public hearing at the time and place noted below to consider amendments to the Verifkztion
The Air Resources Board (the Board or ARB) will conduct a public hearing at the time and place noted below to consider amendments to the Verification
NREL: Energy Storage - Resources
Resources The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Energy Storage team and partners work within a variety of programs that have created test manuals to establish standard...
Teacher Resource Center: sciencelines
the Data at Fermilab Fermilab's Birds Fermilab Bison Harvesting the Prairie Fermilab ARISE Project Resources Cancer Education Elementary and Midlevel School Science Powers of Ten...
Restaurant resources | ENERGY STAR
Restaurant resources Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial...
resources and activities
Fourth Annual Educational Software Review The Teacher Resource Center and the Mathematics and Science Consortia of North Central Regional Educational Laboratory held its...
Resources and Activities
1996 Software Review The Teacher Resource Center and the Demonstration Site for the Mathematics and Science Consortia of North Central Regional Education Laboratory held its...
Section Administration and Resources
Section Information, Membership, Newsletters and Awards Section Administration and Resources Awards Program aocs award Awards baldwin fats global inform job listings member membership network oils ...
Information Resources: Registration
of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Building Technologies Program - Information Resources Registration Online registration for the 2012 DOE SSL Market Introduction...
WEB RESOURCE: Radioactive Waste
May 8, 2007 ... This resource offers a a very broad explanation of how the Belgian Agency for Management of Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Material�...
Energy Resource Potential
Resource Potential Resource Potential of Methane Hydrate Energy Resource Potential An introduction to the science and energy potential of a unique resource Disclaimer Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
U.S. Partners with Canada to Renew Funding for World's Largest
U.S. Partners with Canada to Renew Funding for World's Largest U.S. Partners with Canada to Renew Funding for World's Largest International CO2 Storage Project in Depleted Oil Fields U.S. Partners with Canada to Renew Funding for World's Largest International CO2 Storage Project in Depleted Oil Fields July 20, 2010 - 1:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Natural Resources Canada announced today a total of $5.2 million has been committed by the two governments to bring a benchmark carbon dioxide (CO2) injection project to successful conclusion in 2011. Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and DOE will partner to renew funding for the International Energy Agency (IEA) Greenhouse Gas Weyburn-Midale CO2 Monitoring and Storage project. The renewed endorsements will allow the project's final phase to focus on best practices for the safe and permanent
Experimental investigations to optimize the utilization of energy resources
In world more than 65% of non-renewable fuels are consumed by thermal, gas, nuclear, diesel power plants and process industries. They emit huge amount of pollutants and skew up large quantities of ash in to environment causing pollution and lead to adverse ... Keywords: energy, environment, management, resources, safety
Gurumurthy Vijayan Iyer; Nikos E. Mastorakis
World Journal of Modelling and Simulation
Abstract. The paper discusses the FIA�s World Motor Sport Council (WMSC) new regulations for F1 power trains. The new regulations will see the 2.4 liter V8s currently used replaced by 1.6 liter V6s engines starting in 2014. The power units will have high pressure gasoline direct injection up to 500 bar. Engine speed limits on the new engines will be reduced from the current 18,000 rpm to a maximum of 15,000 rpm. The more environmentally-friendly units will be supported by augmented power output of the engine via energymanagement and energy-recovery systems. The paper discusses the possible performances the novel F1 cars could achieve with these novel engines and kinetic energy recovery systems, as well as the declared goal of making the F1 racing greener, the relevance of F1 to road cars, and finally the use of resource restrictions in F1. The major issue with new F1 rules is not just the total cost of research and development within the budget, but the ability to make the most out of the investment made for a more sustainable and greener road transport. The proposed high torque 475 kW 1.6 liter V6 turbo engine coupled with the proposed small 0.3 MJ 120 kW mechanical KERS may permit fuel savings of 40 % vs. today�s low torque 525 kW 2.4 liters V8 naturally aspirated and even better driving performances on the most part of the race tracks.
Albert Boretti
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Ultra-deepwater and Unconventional Resources
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Ultra-deepwater and Unconventional Resources Program) Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Ultra-deepwater and Unconventional Resources Program) NETL-ORD Project Information Resource Assessment | Drilling Under Extreme Conditions | Environmental Impacts Enhanced and Unconventional Oil Recovery Enhanced Oil Recovery from Fractured Media Read Detailed Project Information [PDF] Read project abstract Oil recovery from unconventional media is often difficult. However, significant hydrocarbon resources can be found in fractured reservoirs. As the supply of oil from conventional reservoirs is depleted, fractured media will provide a greater proportion of the country's oil reserves. One example of such a resource is the Bakken shale, part of the Williston Basin in North and South Dakota and Montana. It is estimated that over 100-176 billion barrels of oil are present in the Bakken shale. However, due to the low permeability of the formation and the apparent oil-wet nature of the shale, production from this formation presents considerable problems.
Energy Resources for Students and Teachers | Department of Energy
Energy Resources for Students and Teachers Energy Resources for Students and Teachers Energy Resources for Students and Teachers November 18, 2008 - 4:00am Addthis Jen Carter All the world is a laboratory to the inquiring mind. - Martin H. Fischer Mornings are brisk as students wait for the school bus, catch a ride with a parent or walk down city streets and rural lanes on their way to school. Energy is an important topic in the classroom and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy has resources to help students research that report or teachers set up lesson plans on topics ranging from hydrogen to wind energy and much more. There is a variety of great information available online-and at students' fingertips-that can point them to useful answers for a variety of energy-related questions. From resources
Solar energy solutions for an environmentally sustainable world
The United Nations Conference of Environment and Development has focused the world's attention on the complex relationship between the environment and economic development. The essence of this relationship, and the emerging theme of UNCED, is the concept of sustainability. Sustainable economic development improves quality of life and raises standards of living by using the Earth's resources in a way that ensures that they are continually renewed, and will continue to support future generations. This is the subject of this report. While energy resources are essential to economic development, the authors current patterns of energy use are not sustainable. Reliance on fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and large-scale hydroelectric projects has contributed to serious environmental problems, including atmospheric pollution, loss of land productivity, loss of biological diversity, ocean and fresh water pollution, and hazardous waste generation. Thus, if they are to achieve sustainability in their patterns of energy consumption, it is imperative that they bring about a rapid and widespread transition to the utilization of environmentally sound energy sources and technologies. Solar energy technologies are environmentally sound, socially beneficial, and economically practical. They have been proven in a wide variety of applications around the world. The barriers to the widespread implementation of solar technologies are no longer technical, but rather social, economic, and political. These barriers can and must be removed.
World Energy | Open Energy Information
Energy Energy Name World Energy Address 2 Constitution Center Place Boston, Massachusetts Zip 02129 Sector Biofuels Product Provider of biodiesel and biofuels Website http://www.worldenergy.com/ Coordinates 42.3598°, -71.0603° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.3598,"lon":-71.0603,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Cookstoves for Darfur, Ethiopia Cookstoves for Darfur, Ethiopia Billions of people around the world cook their meals on rudimentary stoves fueled by burning wood or other biomass, resulting in smoke and carbon emissions that both damage human health and pollute the environment. For women living in refugee camps in Darfur, the problem is compounded because they often walk miles to gather rewood, exposing them to violence. To address these issues, Berkeley Lab scientist Ashok Gadgil designed the Berkeley-Darfur stove, which uses up to three times less wood than the traditional three-stone stoves and prevents up to two tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually. The Darfur Stoves Project was established to produce and distribute the stoves and has support from the Blum Center for
Annual World Oil Demand Growth
6 6 Notes: Following relatively small increases of 1.3 million barrels per day in 1999 and 0.9 million barrels per day in 2000, EIA is estimating world demand may grow by 1.6 million barrels per day in 2001. Of this increase, about 3/5 comes from non-OECD countries, while U.S. oil demand growth represents more than half of the growth projected in OECD countries. Demand in Asia grew steadily during most of the 1990s, with 1991-1997 average growth per year at just above 0.8 million barrels per day. However, in 1998, demand dropped by 0.3 million barrels per day as a result of the Asian economic crisis that year. Since 1998, annual growth in oil demand has rebounded, but has not yet reached the average growth seen during 1991-1997. In the Former Soviet Union, oil demand plummeted during most of the
IEA World Energy Outlook | Open Energy Information
IEA World Energy Outlook IEA World Energy Outlook Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: IEA World Energy Outlook Agency/Company /Organization: International Energy Agency Sector: Energy Focus Area: Conventional Energy, Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy Topics: Market analysis, Technology characterizations References: World Energy Outlook[1] The 2010 "edition of the World Energy Outlook - the International Energy Agency's flagship publication and leading source of analysis of global energy trends - presents updated projections of energy demand, production, trade and investment, fuel by fuel and region by region to 2035. WEO-2010 includes, for the first time, the result of a new scenario that takes account of the recent commitments that governments have made to
Natural Resources in China Water resources
. Large reserves of coal, but natural gas and oil are becoming scarce. Import approximately the same, petroleum, natural gas, uranium, etc. Metallic mineral resources include iron, copper, tungsten, aluminum in the production of petrochemicals Materials produced from natural gas or crude oil, such as plastics
Pan, Feifei
End-to-end network QoS via scheduling of flexible resource reservation requests
Modern data-intensive applications move vast amounts of data between multiple locations around the world. To enable predictable and reliable data transfers, next generation networks allow such applications to reserve network resources for exclusive use. ... Keywords: end-to-end QoS, resource reservation, scheduling
Sushant Sharma; Dimitrios Katramatos; Dantong Yu
The Association of Large-Scale Climate Variability and Teleconnections on Wind Energy Resource
The Association of Large-Scale Climate Variability and Teleconnections on Wind Energy Resource over on Wind Energy Resource over Europe and its Intermittency Pascal Kriesche* and Adam Schlosser* Abstract In times of increasing importance of wind power in the world's energy mix, this study focuses on a better
Engineering for Developing Communities: The Developing World...
Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Combustion Technologies Group Electrochemical Technologies Group Grid Integration Group Laser Technologies Group Communications Office...
Partner Violence Resources
Objective: Little is known about availability of resources for managing intimate partner violence (IPV) at rural hospitals. We assessed differences in availability of resources for IPV screening and management between rural and urban emergency departments (EDs) in Oregon. Methods: We conducted a standardized telephone interview of Oregon ED directors and nurse managers on six IPV-related resources: official screening policies, standardized screening tools, public displays regarding IPV, on-site advocacy, intervention checklists and regular clinician education. We used chi-square analysis to test differences in reported resource availability between urban and rural EDs. Results: Of 57 Oregon EDs, 55 (96%) completed the survey. A smaller proportion of rural EDs, compared to urban EDs, reported official screening policies (74 % vs. 100%, p=0.01), standardized screening instruments (21 % vs. 55%, p=0.01), clinician education (38 % vs. 70%, p=0.02) or on-site violence advocacy (44 % vs. 95%, prural EDs had none or one of the studied resources, 50 % had two or three, and 24 % had four or more (vs. 0%, 35%, and 65% in urban EDs, p=0.003). Small, remote rural hospitals had fewer resources than larger, less remote rural hospitals or urban hospitals. Conclusion: Rural EDs have fewer resources for addressing IPV. Further work is needed to identify specific barriers to obtaining resources for IPV management that can be used in all hospital settings. [West J Emerg Med. 2011;12(2):178-183.
Esther K. Choo; Craig D. Newgard; Robert A. Lowe; Michael K. Hall; K John Mcconnell
Deepwater Oil & Gas Resources
The United States has significant natural gas and oil reserves. But many of these resources are increasingly harder to locate and bring into production. To help meet this challenge, the U.S. Department of Energy�s Office of Fossil Energy over the years has amassed wide ranging expertise in areas related to deepwater resource location, production, safety and environmental protection.
EPRI created the Live Working Resource Center web site to provide utilities the critical information they need to conduct live work safely and efficiently. This report is a summary of work performed in 2007 on the web site. See EPRI's Live Working Resource Center.
Teacher Resource Kit
Teacher Resource Kit Teacher Resource Kit This kit is designed as a resource for teachers who teach grades K-5. It is intended to provide information about the Laboratory and our education resources and to introduce activities that may be useful in the classroom. The kit contains information about the Laboratory's history and current research activities. You will find information applicable to various grade levels that can be tailored to the grade level that you currently teach. Also included are materials and activities that have been obtained from sources outside the Laboratory. Requesting support from Los Alamos National Laboratory The Laboratory and its employees consider it their responsibility to devote resources to improving the quality of life
Tri-Lab Resources
Tri-Lab Resources Tri-Lab Resources Tri-Lab Computing Resources Computing resources available to Alliance users as of January 2012. Computing resources available Los Alamos Moonlight - 294 compute nodes, 4,704 cores, 488 TF system. Dual 8-core Intel Xeon (Sandy Bridge) processors with two NVIDIA Tesla GPUs per node, w/ InfiniBand. Mustang - 1,600 compute nodes, 38,400 cores, 353 TF system. 24-core AMD Opteron w/ InfiniBand. Mapache - 592 compute nodes, 4,736 cores, 50.4 TF system. SGI XE1300 dual-socket, quad-core Intel Nehalem processors w/ InfiniBand. Pinto - 154 compute nodes, 2,464 cores, 51.3 TF system. Dual 8-core Intel Xeon (Sandy Bridge) processors w/ Infiniband. Lawrence Livermore Cab - 1,296 nodes, 20,736 cores, 333-TF system. Dual 8-core Intel Xeon (Sandy Bridge) processors w/ InfiniBand. Additional information at Cab
Review of current research on hydrocarbon production by plants
This review assesses the status of research and development in the area of plants that produce hydrocarbons as a possible replacement for traditional fossil fuels. The information is meant to be used as a basis for determining the scope of a possible R and D program by DOE/FFB. Except in the case of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray), research on hydrocarbon species generally has not advanced beyond preliminary screening, extraction, and growth studies. Virtually no field studies have been initiated; hydrocarbon component extraction, separation, identification, and characterization have been only timidly approached; the biochemistry of hydrocarbon formation remains virtually untouched; and potential market analysis has been based on insufficient data. Research interest is increasing in this area, however. Industrial interest understandably centers about guayule prospects and is supplemented by NSF and DOE research funds. Additional support for other research topics has been supplied by DOE and USDA and by certain university systems. Due to the infant state of technology in this area of energy research, it is not possible to predict or satisfactorily assess at this time the potential contribution that plant hydrocarbons might make toward decreasing the nation's dependence upon petroleum. However, the general impression received from experts interviewed during this review was that the major thrust of research should be directed toward the manufacture of petrochemical substitutes rather than fuel production.
Benedict, H. M.; Inman, B.
Methane-derived hydrocarbons produced under upper-mantle conditions
There is widespread evidence that petroleum originates from biological processes. Whether hydrocarbons can also be produced from abiogenic precursor molecules under the high-pressure, high-temperature conditions characteristic of the upper mantle remains an open question. It has been proposed that hydrocarbons generated in the upper mantle could be transported through deep faults to shallower regions in the Earth's crust, and contribute to petroleum reserves. Here we use in situ Raman spectroscopy in laser-heated diamond anvil cells to monitor the chemical reactivity of methane and ethane under upper-mantle conditions. We show that when methane is exposed to pressures higher than 2 GPa, and to temperatures in the range of 1,000-1,500 K, it partially reacts to form saturated hydrocarbons containing 2-4 carbons (ethane, propane and butane) and molecular hydrogen and graphite. Conversely, exposure of ethane to similar conditions results in the production of methane, suggesting that the synthesis of saturated hydrocarbons is reversible. Our results support the suggestion that hydrocarbons heavier than methane can be produced by abiogenic processes in the upper mantle.
Kolesnikov, Anton; Kutcherov, Vladimir G.; Goncharov, Alexander F.; (CIW); (RITS)
Toxicity Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed in the environment and are generated by many sources. Though the potential of PAH-rich mixtures to cause health effects has been known for almost a century, there are still unanswered questions about the levels of PAHs in the environment, the potential for human exposure to PAHs, the health effects associated with exposure, and how genetic susceptibility influences the extent of health effects in individuals. The first objective of this research was to quantify concentrations of PAHs in samples of settled house dust collected from homes in Azerbaijan, China, and Texas. The trends of PAH surface loadings and percentage of carcinogenic PAHs were China > Azerbaijan > Texas, indicating that the risk of health effects from exposure to PAHs in house dust is highest in the Chinese population and lowest in the Texas population. PAHs in China and Azerbaijan were derived mainly from combustion sources; Texas PAHs were derived from unburned fossil fuels such as petroleum. The second objective of this research was to investigate the effect of pregnane X receptor (PXR) on the genotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). BaP treatment resulted in significantly lower DNA adduct levels in PXR-transfected HepG2 cells than in parental HepG2 cells. Total GST enzymatic activity and mRNA levels of several metabolizing enyzmes were significantly higher in cells overexpressing PXR. These results suggest that PXR protects cells against DNA damage by PAHs such as BaP, possibly through a coordinated regulation of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. The third objective of this research was to investigate biomarkers of exposure in house mice (Mus musculus) exposed to PAH mixtures in situ. Mice and soil were collected near homes in Sumgayit and Khizi, Azerbaijan. Mean liver adduct levels were significantly higher in Khizi than in Sumgayit. Mean lung and kidney adduct levels were similar in the two regions. The DNA lesions detected may be a combination of environmentally-induced DNA adducts and naturally-occurring I-compounds. PAHs were present at background levels in soils from both Khizi and Sumgayit. It appears that health risks posed to rodents by soil-borne PAHs are low in these two areas.
Naspinski, Christine S.
The Particle World | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Office of Science (SC) Website
The Particle World The Particle World High Energy Physics (HEP) HEP Home About Research Snowmass / P5 Planning Process Intensity Frontier Cosmic Frontier Theoretical Physics Advanced Technology R&D Accelerator R&D Stewardship Research Highlights .pdf file (13.1MB) Questions for the Universe Einstein's Dream of Unified Forces The Particle World The Birth of the Universe Accomplishments Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of HEP Funding Opportunities Advisory Committees News & Resources Contact Information High Energy Physics U.S. Department of Energy SC-25/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-3624 F: (301) 903-2597 E: email@example.com More Information » Questions for the Universe The Particle World Print Text Size: A A A RSS Feeds
Language resources and localisation
Localisation is one of the fastest growing industrial sectors in the digital world. Since the mid-eighties, the role of localisation has developed and changed dramatically. Localisation has been redefined as the provision of services and technologies ...
Reinhard Sch�ler
Wind Energy Resources
Wind energy can be produced anywhere in the world where the wind blows with a strong and consistent force. Windier locations produce more energy, which lowers the cost of producing electricity....
Prospects for world oil supply
Surprises lie ahead for world oil supplies, which are expected to increase rapidly throughout the 1990s before leveling off by the end of the century. The extent of this increase could be the major surprise of the decade. Large increases in the capacity in Gulf countries accompanied by smaller increases in the non-Middle East OPEC countries will be augmented by a gradual increase in non-OPEC capacity into the late 1990s. By 2000, declining capacity in the latter two areas will offset continued capacity increases in the Gulf countries. Overall capacity in the non-OPEC countries (excluding China, Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union), is expected to increase by 1.1 million BOPD from the low point in the early 1990s to a mid 1990s peak. The increase will be led by a large increase in capacity from the United Kingdom and smaller contributions from the non-Middle East OPEC countries and Mexico. In the forecast, emphasis has been placed on a detailed evaluation of recent significant discoveries made in non-OPEC countries and non-Middle East OPEC countries since 1983, which when taken together, are expected to add 8 million BOPD new capacity as soon as 1995. These discoveries have taken place in both existing and evolving exploration hotspots that are expected to receive increasing industry emphasis in the 1990s.
Esser, R.W. (Cambridge Energy Research Associates, MA (United States))
Gabon-World Bank Climate Activities | Open Energy Information
Gabon-World Bank Climate Activities Jump to: navigation, search Name Gabon-World Bank Climate Activities AgencyCompany Organization World Bank Sector Land Focus Area Forestry...
Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #578: July 6, 2009 World Oil...
was responsible for 8% of the world's petroleum production, held 2% of the world's crude oil reserves, and consumed 24% of the world's petroleum consumption in 2007. The...
Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #432: July 10, 2006 World Oil...
was responsible for 8% of the world's petroleum production, held 2% of the world's crude oil reserves, and consumed 25% of the world's petroleum consumption in 2005. The...
Automation World Features New White Paper on Wireless Security...
Automation World Features New White Paper on Wireless Security Automation World Features New White Paper on Wireless Security The April 2009 issue of Automation World magazine...
In support of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are undertaking studies of biomass conversion technologies to hydrocarbon fuels to identify barriers and target research toward reducing conversion costs. Process designs and preliminary economic estimates for each of these pathway cases were developed using rigorous modeling tools (Aspen Plus and Chemcad). These analyses incorporated the best information available at the time of development, including data from recent pilot and bench-scale demonstrations, collaborative industrial and academic partners, and published literature and patents. This technology pathway case investigates the catalytic conversion of solubilized carbohydrate streams to hydrocarbon biofuels, utilizing data from recent efforts within the National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC) in collaboration with Virent, Inc.. Technical barriers and key research needs that should be pursued for the catalytic conversion of sugars pathway to be competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline, diesel and jet range hydrocarbon blendstocks have been identified.
Biddy, Mary J.; Jones, Susanne B.
Method and apparatus for producing oxygenates from hydrocarbons
A chemical reactor for oxygenating hydrocarbons includes: a) a dielectric barrier discharge plasma cell, the plasma cell comprising a pair of electrodes having a dielectric material and void therebetween, the plasma cell comprising a hydrocarbon gas inlet feeding to the void; b) a solid oxide electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell comprising a solid oxide electrolyte positioned between a porous cathode and a porous anode, an oxygen containing gas inlet stream feeding to the porous cathode side of the electrochemical cell; c) a first gas passageway feeding from the void to the anode side of the electrochemical cell; and d) a gas outlet feeding from the anode side of the electrochemical cell to expel reaction products from the chemical reactor. A method of oxygenating hydrocarbons is also disclosed.
Kong, Peter C. (Idaho Falls, ID); Lessing, Paul A. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis for the Production of the Hydrocarbon Biofuels
Catalytic fast pyrolysis is a promising technique for conversion of biomass into hydrocarbons for use as transportation fuels. For over 30 years this process has been studied and it has been demonstrated that oils can be produced with high concentrations of hydrocarbons and low levels of oxygen. However, the yields from this type of conversion are typically low and the catalysts, which are often zeolites, are quickly deactivated through coking. In addition, the hydrocarbons produced are primarily aromatic molecules (benzene, toluene, xylene) that not desirable for petroleum refineries and are not well suited for diesel or jet engines. The goals of our research are to develop new multifunction catalysts for the production of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel range molecules and to improve process conditions for higher yields and low coking rates. We are investigating filtration and the use of hydrogen donor molecules to improve catalyst performance.
Nimlos, M. R.; Robichaud, D. J.; Mukaratate, C.; Donohoe, B. S.; Iisa, K.
Process for light-driven hydrocarbon oxidation at ambient temperatures
A photochemical reaction for the oxidation of hydrocarbons uses molecular oxygen as the oxidant. A reductive photoredox cycle that uses a tin(IV)- or antimony(V)-porphyrin photosensitizer generates the reducing equivalents required to activate oxygen. This artificial photosynthesis system drives a catalytic cycle, which mimics the cytochrome P{sub 450} reaction, to oxidize hydrocarbons. An iron(III)- or manganese(III)-porphyrin is used as the hydrocarbon-oxidation catalyst. Methylviologen can be used as a redox relay molecule to provide for electron-transfer from the reduced photosensitizer to the Fe or Mn porphyrin. The system is long-lived and may be used in photo-initiated spectroscopic studies of the reaction to determine reaction rates and intermediates. 1 fig. 2 tab.
Shelnutt, J.A.
A photochemical reaction for the oxidation of hydrocarbons uses molecular oxygen as the oxidant. A reductive photoredox cycle that uses a tin(IV)- or antimony(V)-porphyrin photosensitizer generates the reducing equivalents required to activate oxygen. This artificial photosynthesis system drives a catalytic cycle, which mimics the cytochrome P.sub.450 reaction, to oxidize hydrocarbons. An iron(III)- or manganese(III)-porphyrin is used as the hydrocarbon-oxidation catalyst. Methylviologen can be used as a redox relay molecule to provide for electron-transfer from the reduced photosensitizer to the Fe or Mn porphyrin. The system is long-lived and may be used in photo-initiated spectroscopic studies of the reaction to determine reaction rates and intermediates.
Shelnutt, John A. (Tijeras, NM)
International Energy Outlook 2006 - World Coal Markets
Coal Markets Coal Markets International Energy Outlook 2006 Chapter 5: World Coal Markets In the IEO2006 reference case, world coal consumption nearly doubles from 2003 to 2030, with the non-OECD countries accounting for 81 percent of the increase. Coals share of total world energy consumption increases from 24 percent in 2003 to 27 percent in 2030. Figure 48. World Coal Consumption by Region, 1980-2030 (Billion Short Tons). Need help, contact the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Figure Data Figure 49. Coal Share of World energy Consumption by Sector 2003, 2015, and 2030 (Percent). Need help, contact the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Figure Data Table 10. World Recoverable Coal Reserves (Billion Short Tons) Printer friendly version
NREL: Renewable Resource Data Center - Geothermal Resource Information
Renewable Resource Data Center Search More Search Options Site Map Printable Version Geothermal Resource Information Photo of the Hot Springs Lodge and Pool. The Hot Springs Lodge...
Validation of New Wind Resource Maps: Preprint
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) recently led a project to validate updated state wind resource maps for the northwestern United States produced by a private U.S. company, TrueWind Solutions (TWS). The independent validation project was a cooperative activity among NREL, TWS, and meteorological consultants. It became clear that using a numerical modeling approach for wind resource mapping was rapidly gaining ground as a preferred technique and if the trend continues, it will soon become the most widely used technique around the world. The numerical modeling approach is a relatively fast application compared to older mapping methods and, in theory, should be quite accurate because it directly estimates the magnitude of boundary-layer processes that affect the wind resource of a particular location. Numerical modeling output combined with high-resolution terrain data can produce useful wind resource information at a resolution of 1 km or lower. However, because the use of the numerical modeling approach is new (last 3-5 years) and relatively unproven, meteorological consultants question the accuracy of the approach.
Elliott, D.; Schwartz, M.
Depleted UF6 Internet Resources
DUF6 Guide DU Uses DUF6 Management and Uses DUF6 Conversion EIS Documents News FAQs Internet Resources Glossary Home Internet Resources Depleted UF6 Internet Resources Links...
Reclamation and reuse of Freon in total petroleum hydrocarbon analyses
At the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC), we have successfully demonstrated the use of a solvent recycling system to reclaim spent Freon solvent in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analyses of radioactive samples. A wide variety of sample types including ground water, organics, laboratory waste, process control, sludge, soils, and others are received by our lab for total petroleum hydrocarbon analysis. This paper demonstrates the successful use of a commercially available carbon bed recycle system which we modified to enable the recovery of 95-98 percent of the radioactive contaminated Freon. This system has been used successfully in our lab for the past three years.
Ekechukwu, A.A.; Young, J.E.
Method and apparatus for synthesizing various short chain hydrocarbons
A method and apparatus, including novel photocatalysts, are disclosed for the synthesis of various short chain hydrocarbons. Light-transparent SiO{sub 2} aerogels doped with photochemically active uranyl ions are fluidized in a fluidized-bed reactor having a transparent window, by hydrogen and CO, C{sub 2}H{sub 4} or C{sub 2}H{sub 6} gas mixtures, and exposed to radiation from a light source external to the reactor, to produce the short chain hydrocarbons. 1 fig., 1 tab.
Colmenares, C.
Method and apparatus for production of subsea hydrocarbon formations
A system for controlling, separating, processing and exporting well fluids produced from subsea hydrocarbon formations is disclosed. The subsea well tender system includes a surface buoy supporting one or more decks above the water surface for accommodating equipment to process oil, gas and water recovered from the subsea hydrocarbon formation. The surface buoy includes a surface-piercing central flotation column connected to one or more external flotation tanks located below the water surface. The surface buoy is secured to the sea bed by one or more tendons which are anchored to a foundation with piles imbedded in the sea bed. The system accommodates multiple versions on the surface buoy configuration. 20 figures.
Blandford, J.W.
Method for recovering light hydrocarbons from coal agglomerates
A method and apparatus for removing light hydrocarbons, such as heptane, from coal agglomerates includes an enclosed chamber having a substantially horizontal perforate surface therein. The coal agglomerates are introduced into a water bath within the chamber. The agglomerates are advanced over the surface while steam is substantially continuously introduced through the surface into the water bath. Steam heats the water and causes volatilization of the light hydrocarbons, which may be collected from the overhead of the chamber. The resulting agglomerates may be collected at the opposite end from the surface and subjected to final draining processes prior to transportation or use.
Huettenhain, Horst (Benicia, CA); Benz, August D. (Hillsborough, CA); Getsoian, John (Ann Arbor, MI)
Preliminary investigation of the nature of hydrocarbon migration and entrapment
Numerical simulations indicate that hydrocarbon migration and entrapment in stacked fault-bounded reservoirs are mainly affected by the following factors: charge time, faults, pressure and geological structures. The charge time for commercial hydrocarbon accumulation is much longer in oil-water systems than in oil-gas-water systems.
Faults are classified into charging faults and 'back doors' faults other than charging faults in stacked fault-bounded reservoirs. The lower the displacement pressure of a fault, the higher its updip oil transportation ability. The downdip oil transportation ability of a fault is usually low and cannot cause commercial downdip oil accumulation.
Back doors affect both hydrocarbon percent charge and hydrocarbon migration pathways. Updip back doors improve updip oil charge. The lower the displacement pressure of an updip back door, the more efficient the updip oil charge before 3,000 years. Back doors whose displacement pressure is equal to or higher than 28.76 psi are effective in sealing faults in oil-water systems. On the contrary, only sealing faults result in commercial gas accumulations in stacked fault-compartmentalized reservoirs. Otherwise gas is found over oil. Downdip back doors generally have few effects on downdip hydrocarbon charge.
Geopressure enhances the updip oil transportation of a fault and improves the positive effects of updip back doors during updip oil charge. Geopressure and updip back doors result in more efficient updip oil charge. A physical barrier is not necessarily a barrier to oil migration with the aid of geopressure and updip back doors.
The chance for hydrocarbon charge into reservoirs along growth faults is not equal. Any one of the above controlling factors can change the patterns of hydrocarbon charge and distribution in such complex geological structures. Generally, lower reservoirs and updip reservoirs are favored. Reservoirs along low-permeability charging faults may be bypassed. Gas can only charge the updip reservoirs. Both updip and downdip back doors can facilitate oil penetrating a barrier fault to charge reservoirs offset by the barrier fault.
Interreservoir migration among stacked fault-compartmentalized reservoirs is an important mechanism for hydrocarbon accumulation and trap identification. The interreservoir migration is a very slow process, even though the displacement pressures of bounding faults may be very low.
Bai, Jianyong
Process of producing liquid hydrocarbon fuels from biomass
A continuous thermochemical indirect liquefaction process to convert various biomass materials into diesel-type transportation fuels which fuels are compatible with current engine designs and distribution systems comprising feeding said biomass into a circulating solid fluidized bed gasification system to produce a synthesis gas containing olefins, hydrogen and carbon monoxide and thereafter introducing the synthesis gas into a catalytic liquefaction system to convert the synthesis gas into liquid hydrocarbon fuel consisting essentially of C.sub.7 -C.sub.17 paraffinic hydrocarbons having cetane indices of 50+.
Kuester, James L. (Scottsdale, AZ)
A continuous thermochemical indirect liquefaction process is described to convert various biomass materials into diesel-type transportation fuels which fuels are compatible with current engine designs and distribution systems comprising feeding said biomass into a circulating solid fluidized bed gasification system to produce a synthesis gas containing olefins, hydrogen and carbon monoxide and thereafter introducing the synthesis gas into a catalytic liquefaction system to convert the synthesis gas into liquid hydrocarbon fuel consisting essentially of C[sub 7]-C[sub 17] paraffinic hydrocarbons having cetane indices of 50+. 1 fig.
Kuester, J.L.
A system for controlling, separating, processing and exporting well fluids produced from subsea hydrocarbon formations is disclosed. The subsea well tender system includes a surface buoy supporting one or more decks above the water surface for accommodating equipment to process oil, gas and water recovered from the subsea hydrocarbon formation. The surface buoy includes a surface-piercing central flotation column connected to one or more external floatation tanks located below the water surface. The surface buoy is secured to the seabed by one or more tendons which are anchored to a foundation with piles imbedded in the seabed. The system accommodates multiple versions on the surface buoy configuration.
Blandford, Joseph W. (15 Mott La., Houston, TX 77024)
Low-Temperature Catalytic Process To Produce Hydrocarbons From Sugars
Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen from oxygenated hydrocarbon reactants, such as methanol, glycerol, sugars (e.g. glucose and xylose), or sugar alcohols (e.g. sorbitol). The method takes place in the condensed liquid phase. The method includes the steps of reacting water and a water-soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst. The catalyst contains a metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIIIB transitional metals, alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof. The disclosed method can be run at lower temperatures than those used in the conventional steam reforming of alkanes.
Cortright, Randy D. (Madison, WI); Dumesic, James A. (Verona, WI)
Student's algorithm solves real-world problem
how to use powerful computers to analyze, model, and solve real-world problems," Jordan Medlock wins supercomputer challenge with his algorithm that automates counting and...
World Waste Technologies | Open Energy Information
navigation, search Name World Waste Technologies Place San Diego, California Sector Biofuels Product Technology developer that focuses on converting municipal solid waste into...
Presentations from the 6th World Conference on Detergents, Defining and Designing our Future , 9-12 October 2006, Montreux, Switzerland. ...
Commerce's NIST Details Federal Investigation of World ...
... the participation of world-class technical experts from industry, academia and ... Association (NFPA), the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC ...
The world oil market and OPEC behavior: The leak-producer price leader model
This is an economic study of the world's oil market in which OPEC plays the central role in determining the oil supply and price. Understanding OPEC's behavior is at the core of understanding the world's oil market. However, oil is a resource belonging to the family of natural resources known as exhaustible. We do not produce oil; we only extract and distribute a fixed amount of the resource over generations. Optimal extraction is a matter of concern to both suppliers and consumers. First, it is shown that using the traditional theory of producers behavior in the conventional commodity markets to explain extractors behavior in exhaustible resource markets is completely wrong. Second, current models of OPEC behavior are reviewed. Third, an alternative model is introduced. Previous authors have not directed their models to give explanations to the peculiar observations in oil market. This model divides the world's oil suppliers into: the free riders (non-OPEC oil producers), the OPEC hawks (a group within OPEC) and the leak-producer price leader (Saudi Arabia). Three factors, namely relatively big oil reserves, no other sources of income, and the avoidance of the so-called backstop technology make Saudi Arabia more interested in lower oil prices than are other oil extractors.
Aboalela, A.A.
Employee Resource Groups | Department of Energy
Services Diversity and Inclusion Employee Resource Groups Employee Resource Groups Diversity and Inclusion Employee Resource Groups Related Documents Special Emphasis...
Pathway and Resource Overview
Pathway and Resource Overview Pathway and Resource Overview Delivering Renewable Hydrogen Workshop - A Focus on Near-Term Applications Mark F. Ruth November 16, 2009 Palm Springs, CA NREL/PR-6A1-47108 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Definition and Presentation Outline Hydrogen pathway analysis is analysis of the total levelized cost (including return on investment), well-to- wheels (WTW) energy use, and WTW emissions for hydrogen production, delivery, and distribution pathways. This presentation focuses on * Pathway analyses using the Macro-System Model (MSM) * Resource and pathway analysis using the Hydrogen Demand and Resource Analysis Tool (HyDRA) * Status of water-electrolysis technology
Automated cloud resource orchestration
Realizing Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud requires a control platform for orchestrating the provisioning, configuration, management and decommissioning of a distributed set of diverse cloud resources (i.e., compute, storage, network) serving ...
Changbin Liu / Boon Thau Loo
Resources Process Contaminants
General Information on process contaminants(3-MCPD). Reference list included. Resources Process Contaminants 3-MCPD 2-diol 3-MCPD 3-MCPD Esters 3-monochloropropane-1 acid analysis aocs april articles certified chemists chloropropanediol contaminants dete
The First International Powers of Ten Day October 10, 2000 A richness of resources for math, science, social studies and the arts await educators and lifelong learners in the...
special events and resources
and Resources School and Fermilab Prairie Data Fermilab is putting prairie and bird data on the Web so it can be accessed by the general public, especially students and...
Solar Energy Resources
Solar radiation, often called the solar resource, is a general term for the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. Solar radiation can be captured and turned into useful forms of energy,...
Manhattan Project: Resources
page is original to the Department of Energy's Office of History and Heritage Resources. Home | History Office | OpenNet | DOE | Privacy and Security Notices About this Site | How...
AIR RESOURCES BOARD Acknowledgements
This report was prepared with the assistance and support from other agencies, divisions and offices of the Air Resources Board, and private firms. Staff would especially like to thank the following individuals for their assistance in developing this proposed pathway:
Green Wastes; Green Wastes; Richard Corey; Deputy Executive Officer; Cynthia Marvin Chief; Michael Waugh Chief; Kamal Ahuja; Brian Helmowski; Wes Ingram; Ray Asregadoo (arb; Juliet Bohn (hwma; Richard Boyd (arb; Alicia Chakrabarthy (ebmud; Steven Cliff (arb; Kevin Dickison (ebmud; Jacques Franco (calrecycle
Resources for Process Contaminants
Detailed information regarding 3-MCPD esters and a reference list by topic. Resources for Process Contaminants 3-MCPD 2-diol 3-MCPD 3-MCPD Esters 3-monochloropropane-1 acid analysis aocs april articles certified chemists chloropropanediol contaminants de
Resources for Partners
This DOE Industrial Technologies Program fact sheet describes the resources and opportunities available to partners how manufacturing plants can save energy and money by making energy efficiency improvements to their industrial process heating systems.
Manhattan Project Historical Resources
The Department of Energy�has developed and made available to the public--in print, online, and on display--a variety of Manhattan Project historical resources. These include histories, websites,...
Wind Resource Maps (Postcard)
The U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America initiative provides high-resolution wind maps and estimates of the wind resource potential that would be possible from development of the available windy land areas after excluding areas unlikely to be developed. This postcard is a marketing piece that stakeholders can provide to interested parties; it will guide them to Wind Powering America's online wind energy resource maps.
resource | OpenEI Community
resource Home Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(297) Contributor 26 September, 2012 - 15:36 Energy API and dataset overview cleanweb hackathon resource webinar Today,...
Additional Resources | Department of Energy
Additional Resources Additional Resources Additional Resources October 16, 2013 - 4:36pm Addthis The following resources are focused on Federal new construction and major renovation projects, sustainable construction, and the role of renewable energy technologies in such facilities. These resources are organized by: Resource Guides Renewable Energy Planning Planning Construction Operations and Maintenance Commissioning Sample Plans and Documents Resource Guides Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) WBDG: New Construction and Major Renovation Guiding Principles (WBDG) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) New Construction and Major Renovation Reference Guide Greening Federal Facilities: An Energy, Environmental, and Economic Resource Guide for Federal Facility Managers and Designers
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Ocean Solar Wind Wind Turbines Wind Resources Wind Energy...
Archives and History Office: Resources
Resources Resources Information from the SLAC Archives and History Office can be found using the following tools. Historical Photographs provides an interface to our photograph...
Geothermal Resources | Department of Energy
Geothermal Resources Geothermal Resources August 14, 2013 - 1:58pm Addthis Although geothermal heat pumps can be used almost anywhere, most direct-use and electrical production...
Resource Allocation with Time Intervals
0 , tj > sj, is assigned such that the resource consumption occurs only ... project requires an amount wj of a limited resource such as labor, workspace or energy.
Variability of Gas Composition and Flux Intensity in Natural Marine Hydrocarbon Seeps
Energy Development and Technology 008 "Variability of gas composition and flux intensity in natural marine hydrocarbon seeps" Jordan
Clark, J F; Schwager, Katherine; Washburn, Libe
Hydrocarbon compositions of high elongational viscosity and process for making the same
A hydrocarbon composition is described consisting essentially of a hydrocarbon liquid and an ionic-association or coordination-complex polymer in an amount sufficient to increase and maintain the elongational viscosity of the composition at a level greater than that of the hydrocarbon alone. The polymer is capable of dissociation upon application of the high shear regime to which the hydrocarbon is subjected, and reassociation upon withdrawal of the high shear.
Hamil, H.F.; Weatherford, W.D. Jr.; Fodor, G.E.
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