text:
Use of torture since 1948
Torture, the infliction of severe physical or psychological pain upon an individual to extract information or a confession, or as an illicit extrajudicial punishment, is prohibited by international law and is illegal in most countries. However, it is still used by many governments. The subject of this article is the use of torture since the adoption of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which prohibited it.
- 1 Torture in modern society
- 2 Technology
- 3 Inter-state collaboration
- 4 Recent instances of torture in selected countries
- 4.1 Afghanistan
- 4.2 Albania
- 4.3 Algeria
- 4.4 Angola
- 4.5 Argentina
- 4.6 Bahrain
- 4.7 Brazil
- 4.8 Chile
- 4.9 China
- 4.10 Cuba
- 4.11 France
- 4.12 Germany
- 4.13 Guatemala
- 4.14 India
- 4.15 Iran
- 4.16 Iraq
- 4.17 Israel
- 4.18 Lebanon
- 4.19 Nigeria
- 4.20 North Vietnam
- 4.21 Palestinian Territories
- 4.22 Russia
- 4.23 Saudi Arabia
- 4.24 Soviet Union
- 4.25 Spain
- 4.26 Syria
- 4.27 United Arab Emirates
- 4.28 United Kingdom
- 4.29 United States
- 4.30 Uzbekistan
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Torture in modern society[edit]
Torture is widely practiced worldwide: Amnesty International received reports of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in more than 150 countries during the four-year period from 1997 to 2000. These accusations concerned acts against political prisoners in 70 countries and other prisoners and detainees in more than 130 countries.[1] State torture has been extensively documented and studied, often as part of efforts at collective memory and reconciliation in societies that have experienced a change in government. Surveys of torture survivors reveal that torture "is not aimed primarily at the extraction of information ... Its real aim is to break down the victim's personality and identity."[2] When applied indiscriminately, torture is used as a tool of repression and deterrence against dissent and community empowerment.
While many states use torture, few wish to be described as doing so, either to their own citizens or to international bodies. So a variety of strategies are used to circumvent their legal and humanitarian duties, including plausible deniability, secret police, "need to know", denial that certain treatments constitute torture, appeal to various laws (national or international), use of jurisdictional argument, claim of "overriding need", the use of torture by proxy, and so on.[3] Almost all regimes and governments engaging in torture (and other crimes against humanity) consistently deny engaging in it, in spite of overwhelming hearsay and physical evidence from the citizens they tortured. Through both denial and avoidance of prosecution, most people ordering or carrying out acts of torture do not face legal consequences for their actions.[3] UN Special Rapporteur for the Commission on Human Rights, Sir Nigel Rodley, believes that "impunity continues to be the principal cause of the perpetuation and encouragement of human rights violations and, in particular, torture."[4]
While states, particularly their prisons, law enforcement and intelligence apparatus, are major perpetrators of torture, many non-state actors also engage in it. These include paramilitaries and guerrilla armies, criminal actors such as organized crime syndicates and kidnappers, and those enacting individual forms of power in extreme forms of domestic violence and child abuse.
A recent approach to interrogations has been to use techniques such as waterboarding, sexual humiliation and sexual abuse, and dogs to intimidate or pressure prisoners in a manner claimed to be legal under national or international law. Electric shock techniques such as the use of stun belts and tasers have been considered appropriate provided that they are used to "control" prisoners or suspects, even non-violent ones, rather than to extract information. This has been used on several prisoners in the courtroom itself, while conducting their own defense.[5][6] These techniques have been widely criticized as torture.
While methods of torture are often quite crude, a number of new technologies of control have been used by torturers in recent years. The Brazilian government devised a number of new electrical and mechanical means of torture during the military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985, and proceeded to train military officials from other Latin American countries in their techniques.[7] One is the use of tasers and electro-shock devices now widely sold to prison authorities around the world. Minor refinements of ancient techniques, including tearing out fingernails and toenails with iron appliances and burning the soles of the feet with clothes irons, are also widely applied.
Inter-state collaboration[edit]
|The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (December 2010)
|This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2009)
Substantial cooperation between states in the methods and coordination of torture has been documented. Through the Phoenix Program, the United States helped South Vietnam co-ordinate a system of detention, torture and assassination of suspected members of the National Liberation Front, or Viet Cong. During the 1980s wars in Central America, the U.S. government provided manuals and training on interrogation that extended to the use of torture (see U.S. Army and CIA interrogation manuals). The manuals were also distributed by Special Forces Mobile Training teams to military personnel and intelligence schools in Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Peru. The manuals have a chapter devoted to "coercive techniques".
The southern cone governments of South America – Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil – involved in Operation Condor co-ordinated the disappearance, torture and execution of dissidents in the 1970s. Hundreds were killed in coordinated operations, and the bodies of those recovered were often mutilated and showed signs of torture. This system operated with the knowledge and support of the United States government through the State Department, Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Department.[8]
The United States government has, at least since the Bush administration, used the tactic of legal rendition in which suspected terrorists were extradited to countries where they were to be prosecuted for crimes allegedly committed. In the "war on terror" this has evolved into extraordinary rendition, the delivery of prisoners or others recently captured, including terrorism suspects, to foreign governments known to practice torture are Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Afghanistan. Human rights activists have alleged that the practice amounts to kidnapping for the purpose of torture, or torture by proxy. A related practice is the operation of facilities for imprisonment, and it is widely believed torture, in foreign countries. In November 2005, the Washington Post reported —- citing administration sources —- that such facilities are operated by the CIA in Thailand (until 2004), Afghanistan, and several unnamed Eastern European countries.[9] Human Rights Watch reports that planes associated with rendition have landed repeatedly in Poland and Romania.[10]
Recent instances of torture in selected countries[edit]
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The use of torture is geographically widespread. A review by Amnesty International, which did not use the United Nations Convention Against Torture as its definition of torture, of its case files found "reports of torture or ill-treatment by state officials in more than 150 countries from 1997 to 2000". These reports described widespread or persistent patterns of abuse in more than 70 countries and torture-related deaths in more than 80.[11]
Torture has been reported in Afghanistan under each of its recent governments. Under Najibullah's Soviet-backed regime, beating and electric shocks were widely reported.[12] After the mujahidin victory, Afghanistan fell into a state of chaos, and, according to Amnesty International, "Torture of civilians in their homes has become endemic ... In almost every jail run by the armed political groups, torture is reported to be a part of the daily routine".[13] The Taliban are likewise reported to have engaged in torture.[14] Since the U.S. overthrow of the Taliban, torture has been reported on several occasions, both by Afghan groups and by U.S. troops. In the Herat region, dominated by the warlord Ismail Khan, Human Rights Watch reported extensive torture in 2002.[15] Torture by US troops has been alleged in news reports by the New York Times.[16] In March 2008 the U.K. Ministry of Defence claimed that that they and the Afghan army had uncovered a Taliban torture chamber where two individuals were believed to have been beaten.[17]
Under Enver Hoxha's People's Socialist Republic of Albania, torture was widely used.[18] Since its fall, Amnesty International has reported police abuses amounting to torture;[2] the government says it has "made efforts to punish all acts of torture under the Albanian criminal justice system".[3]
According to Pierre Vidal-Naquet in "Torture; Cancer of Democracy" and "Les Damnees de la Terre" by Franz Fanon, torture was practiced endemically by the French forces, commanded by General Jacques Massu, bringing together the experience of "Les Paras" in the Indo-China War and German troops in the French Foreign Legion. Between 1 million and 1.5 million were killed, often using torture techniques based on electricity and drowning techniques.[citation needed]
In Angola's 27-year civil war, according to Amnesty International, "many were tortured" by both sides.[19][20] Since that time, AI has also reported that "unarmed civilians are being extrajudicially executed and tortured"[21] in Angola's war against Cabindan separatists.
During the so-called "Dirty War" carried out in the 1970s, in particular, but not only, by the military dictatorship from 1976 to 1983, tens of thousands of Argentines were "disappeared" by the junta, many never to be seen again. The National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons concluded:
In nearly all the cases brought to the attention of the Commission, the victims speak of acts of torture. Torture was an important element in the methodology of repression. Secret torture centres were set up, among other reasons, to enable the carrying out of torture to be carried out undisturbed.[22]
Torture has been used frequently by the Bahraini government in the 20th century. Notable cases include that of Ian Henderson, a former colonial officer employed in Bahrain who was accused by multiple witnesses of torturing prisoners.[23] Adel Flaifel, a notorious security officer identified by many detainees as having overseen torture,[24] was given immunity under Royal Decree 56 of 2002. Between 1980 and 1998, 9 people died in detention as a result of torture, with 5 more died shortly after being released as a result of injuries sustained from torture. Reports released by Amnesty International[25] and Human Rights Watch[26] in the 1990s point to the widespread use of torture in Bahraini prisons.[27](p35)
During the Bahraini uprising, torture was described by many human rights reports as widespread and systematic. Up to 1866 who make up 64%[28] of detainees reported cases of torture.[27](p37) Three government agencies, namely the Ministry of Interior, the National Security Agency and the Bahrain Defence Force, were involved in interrogating detainees in relation to the events of the uprising. The NSA and MoI followed a systematic practice of physical and psychological mistreatment, which in many cases amounted to torture.[29](p298) Only four of the individuals who alleged torture were arrested by the BDF.[29](p283) The Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry have attributed the deaths of five individuals to torture.[29](p287–288)
Torture was used regularly by the Brazilian dictatorship regime from 1964 to 1977 against dissidents. It included torturing their children, some of whom were less than 2 years old at the time.[citation needed]
The regime of Augusto Pinochet in Chile in the 1970s used torture extensively against political opponents. Chile's National Commission on Political Imprisonment and Torture (Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura) concluded in 2004 that torture had been a systematically implemented policy of the government, and recommended reparations. The commission heard the testimony of more than 35,000 witnesses, whose testimonies are to be kept secret for fifty years.[30][31] Among those tortured were future president Michelle Bachelet, who was held along with her mother at the notorious Villa Grimaldi detention center in the capital Santiago.
Although torture was outlawed in China in 1996, a UN investigator found it to still be widespread in 2005, particularly because the narrow definition of the law, leaving a mark, does not comply with the UN definition.[32]
Day and night, the screams of tormented women in panic and desperation who cry for God's mercy fall upon the deaf ears of prison authorities. They are confined to narrow cells with no sunlight called "drawers" that have cement beds, a hole on the ground for their bodily needs, and are infested with a multitude of rodents, roaches, and other insects. These female prisoners lack all sort of necessary personal possessions and almost always have no water, even for bathing, often drinking this precious liquid full of insects. The food distributed to them is terrible, smells rotten, and is stored in receptacles lacking in hygiene. Even prison officials have complained of the small quantities served. In these "drawers" the women remain weeks and months. When they scream in terror due to the darkness (blackouts are common) and the heat, they are injected sedatives that keep them half-drugged.[33]
People imprisoned by the communist regime are reportedly tortured.[33][34]
During the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962), the French military used torture against the National Liberation Front and the civilian population. The French interrogators were notorious for the use of man-powered electrical generators on suspects: this form of torture was called (la) gégène.[citation needed]
That France has provided a pivotal role in the evolution of western torture practices is the central thesis of the French film Death Squadrons: The French School by Monique Robin. The French had themselves developed practices in defence of its declining empire through the 20th century, setting up torture "universities" at Paolo Condor – an island off Vietnam (then French Indo-China, subsequently taken over by the United States) and at Phillippeville in Algeria.[citation needed]
Police abuse remains a reality in France today, while France has been condemned by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) for the conditions of detention in prisons, including the use of torture on detainees.[citation needed] Although the law and the Constitution prohibits any kind of torture, such practices happen. In 2004, the Inspector General of the National Police received 469 registered complaints about illegitimate police violence during the first 11 months of the year, down from 500 during the same period in 2003. There were 59 confirmed cases of police violence, compared to 65 in the previous year. In April 2004, the ECHR condemned the government for "inhumane and degrading treatments" in the 1997 case of a teenager beaten while in police custody. The court ordered the government to pay Giovanni Rivas $20,500 (15,000 euros) in damages and $13,500 (10,000 euros) in court costs.[35] The head of the police station in Saint-Denis, near Paris, has been forced to resign after allegations of rape and other violence committed by the police force under his orders. Nine investigations concerning police abuse in this police station were carried out in 2005 by the IGS inspection of police.[36][37] These repeated abuses are said to be one of the causes of the 2005 civil unrest.[38] Conditions in detention centers for illegal aliens have also been widely criticized by human rights NGOs. In 2006 a young 20-year-old Serbian girl accused a policeman of attempting to rape her in such a centre in Bobigny, in the suburbs of Paris, the year before.[39]
Torture was used commonly on dissidents during the Third Reich by the notorious Gestapo secret police. Later in the communist German Democratic Republic of divided Germany, torture and inhumane and degrading treatment were systematically used by security forces, including the Stasi secret police, against suspected opponents of the regime.[40]
During the Guatemalan civil war and the repression by the army against civilians and suspected opponents of the military dictatorship, murder (even genocide), torture, rape and inhumane and degrading treatment was systematically used by the Guatemalan armed forces and police. There is evidence that the CIA, in anticommunist campaigns during the 1980s, was involved in these tortures (in Latin America the threat of communism was often used as justification for dictatorship during the Cold War). Thousands of victims were tortured and murdered. For example, Dianna Ortiz, an American nun who was teaching poor Mayan children in the Guatemala highlands, claims that U.S. personnel were present in interrogation and torture rooms in Guatemala City in 1989 when she was kidnapped, taken to a secret prison and repeatedly raped and tortured by Guatemalan right-wing forces. Ortiz survived because of her American citizenship. Sister Ortiz chronicled her experiences and recovery in a book, The Blindfold's Eyes.[41] "There were other people in the clandestine cell, the clandestine prison, as well, and I could hear terrible screams. Many were killed. I saw some bodies. There were children, as well", wrote Dianna Ortiz.
India has not ratified the UN treaty against torture. Custodial deaths and extra judicial killings are on the rise. The Asian Centre for Human Rights released its report, Torture in India 2010, at a press conference in New Delhi and stated that taking 2000 as the base year, custodial death have increased by 41.66% persons under the United Progressive Alliance (UPA)[42] government between 2004–2005 to 2007–2008. This includes 70.72% increase of deaths in prison custody and 12.60% in police custody. India will now bring the anti torture act 2010 so it can ratify the UN convention against torture. The bill provides up to a 10-year sentence for physical or mental torture by the police.[43]
Article 38 of the constitution of the Islamic Republic forbids "all forms of torture for the purpose of extracting confession or acquiring information" and the "compulsion of individuals to testify, confess, or take an oath." It also states that "any testimony, confession, or oath obtained under duress is devoid of value and credence."[44][45] The Islamic Republic itself vehemently denies the existence of torture by the government.
Nonetheless, human rights groups and observers, such as Amnesty International, the United Nations, and Human Rights Watch, have complained that torture is frequently used on political prisoners in Iran.[46][47][48][49][50]
A substantial number of Iranians have been tortured and imprisoned by the religious police. Arya Aramnejad, a singer, was jailed for his song "Ali Barkhiz" where he denounces the Islamic regime's crimes during the 2009 Ashura protests. During his time in prison, he was reportedly tortured (sexually humiliated – photographed naked, laughed at, obliged to walk barefooted on aids' patients blood).[51] Farzad Kamangar was repeatedly tortured in prison. Amnesty International reports that Kamangar was repeatedly beaten, flogged, and electrocuted, and that he now suffers from spasms in his arms and legs as a result of the torture.[52][53] After she died in the custody of Iranian officials, Zahra "Ziba" Kazemi-Ahmadabadi, an Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer, was found to show obvious signs of torture, including a skull fracture, broken nose, signs of rape and severe abdominal bruising.[54] Ehsan Fatahian, an Iranian Kurdish activist, was tortured for confession before being executed.[55] Zeynab Jalalian, also a Kurdish activist, is currently ill due to prison conditions and torture. She has been sentenced to death.[56] Other notable victims include Behrouz Javid Tehrani,[57] Habibollah Latifi,[58] Houshang Asadi,[59] Saeed Malekpour,[60] Shirkoh (Bahman) Moarefi,[56] Hossein Khezri,[61] and Akbar Mohammadi.[62][63]
In a study of torture in Iran published in 1999, Iranian-born political historian Ervand Abrahamian included Iran along with "Stalinist Russia, Maoist China, and early modern Europe" of the Inquisition and witch hunts, as societies that "can be considered to be in a league of their own" in the systematic use of torture.[64]
Torture techniques used in the Islamic Republic include:
whipping, sometimes of the back but most often of the feet with the body tied on an iron bed; the qapani; deprivation of sleep; suspension from ceiling and high walls; twisting of forearms until they broke; crushing of hands and fingers between metal presses; insertion of sharp instruments under the fingernails; cigarette burns; submersion under water; standing in one place for hours on end; mock executions; and physical threats against family members. Of these, the most prevalent was the whipping of soles, obviously because it was explicitly sanctioned by the sharia.[65]
Chronicle of Higher Education International, reports that the widespread practice of raping women imprisoned for engaging in political protest has been effective in keeping female college students "less outspoken and less likely to take part" in political demonstrations. The journal quotes an Iranian college student as saying, "most of the girls arrested are raped in jail. Families can't cope with that."[66]
Several bills passed the Iranian Parliament that would have had Iran joining the international convention on banning torture in 2003 when reformists controlled Parliament, but were rejected by the Guardian Council.[67][68]
The government headed by Baathist Saddam Hussein made extensive use of torture, including at the notorious Abu Ghraib prison.
The post-invasion Iraqi government holds thousands of people in prison. After investigating from July to October 2004, Human Rights Watch found that torture was "routine and commonplace." According to their report,
Methods of torture or ill-treatment cited included routine beatings to the body using a variety of implements such as cables, hosepipes and metal rods. Detainees reported kicking, slapping and punching; prolonged suspension from the wrists with the hands tied behind the back; electric shocks to sensitive parts of the body, including the earlobes and genitals; and being kept blindfolded and/or handcuffed continuously for several days. In several cases, the detainees suffered what may be permanent physical disability.
Despite apparently credible claims that people were fed into Saddam Hussein's plastic shredder (most likely within Abu Ghraib) prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, no such device was found after the war. In October 1990, it was alleged that Iraqi soldiers had "thrown babies from incubators" during the invasion of Kuwait. This story was supposed to have come from the 'eye-witness testimony' of a 15-year-old Kuwaiti girl, Nurse Nayirah. Years later it emerged that she was the daughter of Saud bin Nasir Al-Sabah, Kuwait's ambassador to the United States, and that the story was the creation of the Hill & Knowlton public relations firm employed by the Kuwaitis.[70]
After investigation of continued allegations of torture, the Supreme Court ruled in 1999[71][72] that all torture – even moderate physical pressure – was illegal. This decision was praised by human-rights organizations.
However, the left-wing human rights group B'Tselem has made allegations that some Palestinian detainees suspected of terrorism are subject to prolonged sleep deprivation; prolonged sight deprivation or sensory deprivation; forced, prolonged maintenance of body positions that grow increasingly painful; confinement in tiny, closet-like spaces; exposure to temperature extremes, such as in deliberately overcooled rooms; prolonged toilet and hygiene deprivation; and degrading treatment, such as forcing detainees to eat and use the toilet at the same time. Such acts violate Article 16 of the United Nations Convention Against Torture. In January 2000, B'Tselem claimed that the Israeli General Security Service's (GSS) methods of interrogation amounted to the five techniques: "[The] GSS used methods comparable to those used by the British in 1971, viz. sleep deprivation, infliction of physical suffering, and sensory isolation. But the GSS used them for much longer periods, so the resulting pain and suffering were substantially greater. In addition, the GSS used direct violence... Thus,... in practice, the GSS methods were substantially more severe than those used by the British in 1971..."[73]
Suspected Hezbollah guerrillas, their families and Lebanese civilian internees were previously detained in the South Lebanon Army (SLA) prison at Khiam in the then Israeli-occupied Southern Lebanon. Torture, including electric shock torture, by the SLA was routine. This was detailed after the end of the occupation in 2000, when Lebanese who freed the prisoners found instruments of torture.[74][75]
In 2005, Human Rights Watch documented that Nigerian police in the cities of Enugu, Lagos and Kano routinely practice torture. Dozens of witnesses and survivors stepped forward to testify to repeated, severe beatings, abuse of sexual organs, rape, death threats, injury by shooting, and the denial of food and water. These abuses were used in campaigns against common crime.[76]
Systematic torture was used in conjunction with military occupation in an attempt to quell anti-oil protests by the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta, according to a World Council of Churches report.[77]
Christian pastors in Nigeria have been involved in the torturing and killing of children accused of witchcraft. Church pastors, in an effort to distinguish from the competition, establish their credentials by accusing children of witchcraft. When repeatedly asked to comment about the matter, the Church has refused to comment.[78]
North Vietnam[edit]
From 1961 to 1973, the North Vietnamese and Vietcong held hundreds of Americans captive. Hanoi's Ministry of Public Security's Medical Office (MPSMO) was responsible for "preparing studies and performing research on the most effective Soviet, French, Communist Chinese and other ...techniques..." of extracting information from POWs. The MPSMO "...supervised the use of torture and the use of drugs to induce [American] prisoners to cooperate." Its functions also "...included working with Soviet and Communist Chinese intelligence advisors who were qualified in the use of medical techniques for intelligence purposes."[79]
See Con Son Island for accounts of US torture practices.
Palestinian Territories[edit]
The Palestinian Authority has reportedly practiced torture in the occupied territories over the years. Amnesty International found: "Torture [by the Palestine Authority] of detainees remained widespread. Seven detainees died in custody. Unlawful killings, including possible extrajudicial executions, continued to be reported."[80]
In 1995, Azzam Rahim, a naturalized American citizen, was arrested by the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank. He was subsequently taken to a prison in Jericho where he was tortured and killed.[81] Rahim's family attempted to sue the PA and the Palestinian Liberation Organization, but the Supreme Court ultimately ruled against them.[82]
More than 100 cases of torture by Palestinian security services were reported in 2010. Joe Stork, deputy Middle East director at Human Rights Watch, said: "The reports of torture by Palestinian security services keep rolling in. President Abbas and Prime Minister Fayyad are well aware of the situation. They need to reverse this rampant impunity and make sure that those responsible are prosecuted."[83]
At least six Palestinians have died under torture in PA prisons. According to a report by the Arab Organization for Human Rights in Britain, the PA has used torture on a systematic basis for years. Methods include beatings with cables, pulling out nails, suspension from the ceiling, flogging, kicking, cursing, electric shocks, sexual harassment and the threat of rape. The report went on to say "Every one of those detainees has been subject to humiliating and degrading treatment and stayed in cells for more than 10 days. The analysis shows that an astonishing 95 percent of the detainees were subjected to severe torture, others feeling the detrimental effects on their health for varying periods."[84] The Shabeh, which involves detainees being handcuffed and bound in stress positions for longs stretches of time, is the most widely used form of torture.[85]
In 2012, after allegedly selling a house in Hebron to a Jewish family, Muhammad Abu Shahala was arrested by the Palestinian Authority, tortured into a confession, and sentenced to death.[86]
Human Rights Watch reported 147 cases of torture by Hamas in the West Bank during 2011 and that none of the perpetrators had been prosecuted "despite consistent allegations of severe abuse." It further stated that "Some men said they had needed medical care due to torture and sought to obtain medical records as evidence that they had been tortured, but that hospital officials refused to provide them. Hamas's rival in the West Bank, the Fatah-dominated Palestinian Authority, arrests and detains Palestinians arbitrarily, including Hamas members or sympathizers, and similarly subjects detainees to torture and abuse."[87]
In another report, Human Rights Watch "documents cases in which [Palestinian] security forces tortured, beat, and arbitrarily detained journalists, confiscated their equipment, and barred them from leaving the West Bank and Gaza." HRW also reported an incident in which "the Hamas Ministry of Interior summoned a journalist who published an article on torture by Hamas authorities in secret detention facilities, threatened to take legal action against him if he did not publish an apology for the article, and warned him to correct his 'biased' reporting."[88]
The Constitution of Russia forbids arbitrary detention, torture and ill-treatment. Part 2 of Article 21 of the Constitution states that "no one may be subjected to torture, violence or any other harsh or humiliating treatment or punishment…".[89] However Russian police are regularly observed practicing torture – including beatings, electric shocks, rape, asphyxiation – in interrogating arrested suspects.[90][91][92][93]
Torture and humiliation, or dedovshchina, are also widespread in Russian's military, according to Human Rights Watch.[94] This is essentially the Russian version of bullying or hazing that is practiced in the American military, however it is often much more brutal. Many young men are killed or commit suicide every year because of it.[95] Amnesty International reported on allegations of Chechen locals, that Russian military forces in Chechnya rape and torture local women with electric shocks, when electric wires are connected to the straps of their bra on their chest.[89]
In the most extreme cases, hundreds of innocent people from the street were arbitrarily arrested, beaten, tortured, and raped by special police forces. Such incidents took place not only in Chechnya, but also in the Russian towns of Blagoveshensk, Bezetsk, and Nefteyugansk.[96][97][98]
Saudi Arabia[edit]
Saudi Arabia officially considers torture illegal under Islamic Law; however, it is widely practiced, as in the case of William Sampson. According to a 2003 report by Amnesty International, "torture and ill-treatment remained rife."[99] Hanny Megally, Executive director of the Middle East and North Africa division of Human Rights Watch, stated in 2002 "The practice of torture in Saudi Arabia is well documented",[100] According to the Human Rights Watch World Report 2003, "Torture under interrogation of political prisoners and criminal suspects continued",[101] and the 2006 report notes that "Arbitrary detention, mistreatment and torture of detainees, restrictions on freedom of movement, and lack of official accountability remain serious concerns".[102]
Soviet Union[edit]
Torture was widely practiced by the brutal Soviet secret police during the Stalinism era to extract (often false) confessions from suspects often called enemies of the people. One of the most prevalent and effective types of torture was sleep deprivation, nicknamed "conveyor" due to interrogators replacing one another to keep the inmate from sleeping.[103] The use of torture was authorized by the Central Committee of the Communist Party and personally by Joseph Stalin. During the Doctor's Plot, Stalin ordered falsely accused physicians to be tortured "to death".[104]
The Spanish government categorically denies the existence of torture.[105]
However, the Spanish authorities consistently fail to implement recommendations by the Council of Europe's Committee for the Prevention of Torture and the UN Committee Against Torture to combat the use of torture in detention. The UN committee expressed its concern "about the length of judicial procedures and made reference to reports that indicated that five years had sometimes passed between crime and sentence. The Committee warned that this problem reduces the effect of penal action and discourages people to file complaints." It further indicated that "all members of the Committee were also deeply concerned about the legal practice of five days incommunicado detention" (since October 2003, a reform of the Criminal Procedure Code has extended that period to a maximum of 13 days).[106][107]
Torture has reportedly been used in the Adra Prison near Damascus.[108] In 2010, the prison held 7,000 prisoners, a dozen of them women.[109] The Tadmor Prison in Palmyra was known for harsh conditions, extensive human rights abuse, torture and summary executions. It was closed in 2001 and all remaining political detainees were transferred to other prisons in Syria. However, Tadmor Prison was reopened on 15 June 2011 and 350 individuals arrested for participation in anti-regime demonstrations were transferred there for interrogation and detainment.[110]
A number of captured Israelis have been tortured in Syria. This includes Eli Cohen, who was executed in 1965.[111] In 1955, five Israeli soldiers were captured in a covert operation on the Golan Heights and brutally tortured in a Syrian prison.[112] One of the soldiers, Uri Ilan, committed suicide when falsely informed by his captors that his comrades had been killed.[113] Ilan became a symbol of courage and patriotism in Israel.[114][115] During the Yom Kippur War, many Israeli prisoners said that they had been tortured by Syrians,[116] and one POW, Avraham Lanir, was tortured to death.[117][118]
During the Syrian Civil War, reports have been made of widespread and systematic torture used by Syrian security forces.[119] This includes electrocution, brutal beatings and sexual assault. Amnesty said of the situation : "Torture and other ill-treatment in Syria form part of a widespread and systematic attack against the civilian population, carried out in an organized manner and as part of state policy and therefore amount to crimes against humanity."[120]
United Arab Emirates[edit]
In April 2009 a video emerged of a United Arab Emirates Royal Sheik, Sheik Issa bin Zayed Al Nahyan (a son of Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan) directing the torture of an Afghan grain dealer Mohammed Shah Poor The video includes the man being tortured with a cattle prod to his genitals, sand in his mouth and being run over by a Mercedes SUV. A man in a UAE police uniform is seen on the tape tying the victim's arms and legs, and later holding him down. The official response of the UAE government was that Sheik Issa is the man shown in the video but he did nothing wrong. The incidents depicted in the videotapes were not part of a pattern of behaviour, the Ministry of the Interior said.[121][122]
United Kingdom[edit]
1969–1972, Northern Ireland[edit]
In 1978 in the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) trial "Ireland v. the United Kingdom" (Case No. 5310/71) the facts were not in dispute and judges court published the following in their judgement:
These methods, sometimes termed "disorientation" or "sensory deprivation" techniques, were not used in any cases other than the fourteen so indicated above. It emerges from the Commission's establishment of the facts that the techniques consisted of ...wall-standing; hooding; subjection to noise; deprivation of sleep; deprivation of food and drink.
These were referred to by the court as the five techniques. The court ruled:
167. ... Although the five techniques, as applied in combination, undoubtedly amounted to inhuman and degrading treatment, although their object was the extraction of confessions, the naming of others and/or information and although they were used systematically, they did not occasion suffering of the particular intensity and cruelty implied by the word torture as so understood. ...
168. The Court concludes that recourse to the five techniques amounted to a practice of inhuman and degrading treatment, which practice was in breach of [the European Convention on Human Rights] Article 3 (art. 3).
The ECHR case was a ruling on British policy before the "Parker report" which was published on 2 March 1972 and had found the five techniques to be illegal under domestic law:
10. Domestic Law ...(c) We have received both written and oral representations from many legal bodies and individual lawyers from both England and Northern Ireland. There has been no dissent from the view that the procedures are illegal alike by the law of England and the law of Northern Ireland. ... (d) This being so, no Army Directive and no Minister could lawfully or validly have authorized the use of the procedures. Only Parliament can alter the law. The procedures were and are illegal.
— Parker report
On the same day (2 March 1972), the United Kingdom Prime Minister, Edward Heath, stated in the House of Commons that the techniques would not be used in future as an aid to interrogation. As foreshadowed in the Prime Minister's statement, directives expressly prohibiting the use of the techniques, whether singly or in combination, were then issued to the security forces by the government. These are still in force and the use of such methods by UK security forces would not be condoned by the government.
21st century[edit]
On 23 February 2005, British soldiers were found guilty of abuse of Iraqi prisoners arrested for looting at a British Army camp called Bread Basket, in Basra, during May 2003. The judge at the military court, Judge Advocate Michael Hunter, said of photographs and the soldier's behaviour:
Anyone with a shred of human decency would be revolted by what is contained in those pictures. The actions of you and those responsible for these acts have undoubtedly tarnished the international reputation of the British Army and, to some extent, the British nation too, and it will no doubt hamper the efforts of those who are now risking their lives striving to achieve stability in the Gulf region, and it will probably be used by those who are working against such ends.
— Judge Advocate Michael Hunter
At the court martial,[123] the prosecution alleged that in giving the order to "work [the prisoners] hard", Captain Dan Taylor had broken the Geneva Conventions. Neither Taylor, nor his commanding officer Lt-Col Paterson (who was briefed on the operation "Ali Baba" by Taylor), was sanctioned and, indeed, during the period of time between the offence and the trial, both were given promotions. All the leaders of the major British political parties condemned the abuse. Tony Blair, British Prime Minister, declared that the pictures were "shocking and appalling". After sentencing, the Chief of the General Staff, General Sir Mike Jackson, made a statement on television and said that he was "appalled and disappointed" when he first saw photographs of the Iraqi detainees and that[124][125][126][127]
The incidents depicted are in direct contradiction to the core values and standards of the British Army ... Nevertheless, in the light of the evidence from this trial I do apologize on behalf of the army to those Iraqis who were abused and to the people of Iraq as a whole.
— General Sir Mike Jackson
On 7 December 2005, the House of Lords reversed the deportations of Muslims convicted on "evidence procured by torture inflicted by foreign officials", and cited the 1978 case in ruling that centuries of common law and recent international conventions made torture anathema in the country's courts. Lord Bingham said it was "clear that from its very earliest days the common law of England set its face firmly against the use of torture"; Lord Nicholls said "Torture is not acceptable. This is a bedrock moral principle in this country"; Lord Hoffman said "The use of torture is dishonourable. It corrupts and degrades the state which uses it and the legal system which accepts it."; Lord Hope said it was "one of most evil practices known to man"; Lord Rodgers said "the unacceptable nature of torture ... has long been unquestioned in this country."; Lord Carswell referred to the "abhorrence felt by civilised nations for the use of torture"; and Lord Brown said that "torture is an unqualified evil. It can never be justified. Rather it must always be punished.".[128]
On 13 March 2007, the six-month court martial of the seven soldiers – including Colonel Jorge Mendonca and Major Michael Peebles – over the detention of Iraqi prisoners in Basra during May 2003 ended with all but one, Corporal Donald Payne, being acquitted.[129][130] On 30 April 2007, Payne, Britain's first convicted war criminal found guilty under the provisions of the International Criminal Court Act 2001, who had pleaded guilty to mistreating prisoners, was jailed for a year and dishonourably discharged from the army.[131][132][133]
In March 2008, the Ministry of Defence admitted breaching the human rights of Baha Mousa, who died in British custody in Basra, and of eight other Iraqi men held at the same facility, opening the way for a multi-million-pound compensation package for the relatives of Baha Mousa and the other men injured during illegal interrogations.[134] On 14 May 2008, Defence Secretary Des Browne announced in the House of Commons that there would be a public inquiry into the death of Baha Mousa in which "no stone [will be left] unturned in investigating his tragic death."[135]
On 26 July 2008, the Joint Committee on Human Rights accused Armed Forces Minister Adam Ingram in 2004 and Lieutenant-General Robin Brims, Commander Field Army, in 2006 of misleading the committee when they declared that conditioning practices (based on the five techniques, banned since their use in Northern Ireland in the 1970s) were not being used. It has now emerged that such techniques were being used by some troops deployed abroad. The BBC reported that "Labour MP Andrew Dismore, chairman of the committee, said he hoped the public inquiry [into the death of Baha Mousa] would give some indications as to why they were given 'wrong evidence'. Earlier this month, the MoD agreed to pay almost £3m in compensation to Mr Mousa's family and nine Iraqi men after admitting breaching human rights".[136]
United States[edit]
|This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2009)
While the United States is a party to international conventions against torture, a proponent of human rights treaties and a critic of torture by other countries, torture has taken place within its borders and on its government's behalf outside of its borders.
A police officer was sentenced to thirty years in prison for sodomizing detainee Abner Louima with the handle of a bathroom plunger.[137][138]
The Chicago Police Department's Area 2 unit under Commander Jon Burge repeatedly used electroshock, near-suffocation by plastic bags and excessive beating on suspects in the 1970s and 1980s. The City of Chicago's Office of Professional Standards (OPS) concluded that the physical abuse was systematic and, "The type of abuse described was not limited to the usual beating, but went into such esoteric areas as psychological techniques and planned torture."[139] The Supermax facility at the Maine State Prison has been the scene of video-taped forcible extractions that Lance Tapley in the Portland Phoenix wrote "look[ed] like torture."[140]
In 2003 and 2004 there was substantial controversy over the "stress and duress" methods that were used in the U.S. War on Terrorism that had been sanctioned by the U.S. Executive branch of government at Cabinet level.[141]
Amnesty International and numerous commentators have accused the Military Commissions Act of 2006 of approving a system that uses torture, destroying the mechanisms for judicial review created by the Supreme Court ruling in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, and creating a parallel legal system below international standards.[142][143][144]
In an interview with the Washington Post, the convening authority of military commissions, Susan J. Crawford, a retired judge, who was responsible for reviewing practices at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, said of one Guantanamo Bay detainee, "his treatment met the legal definition of torture, and that is why I did not refer the case" for prosecution.[145] The U.S. Government denies that torture is being conducted in the detention camps at Guantanamo Bay.[146][147]
It was reported in June 2008 that, according to human rights lawyers, the USA was "operating floating prisons to house those arrested in its war on terror":
"According to research carried out by Reprieve, the US may have used as many as 17 ships as 'floating prisons' since 2001. Detainees are interrogated aboard the vessels and then rendered to other, often undisclosed, locations, it is claimed. Ships that are understood to have held prisoners include the USS Bataan and USS Peleliu. A further 15 ships are suspected of having operated around the British territory of Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean, which has been used as a military base by the UK and the Americans.
... The Reprieve study includes the account of a prisoner released from Guantánamo Bay, who described a fellow inmate's story of detention on an amphibious assault ship. 'One of my fellow prisoners in Guantánamo was at sea on an American ship with about 50 others before coming to Guantánamo ... he was in the cage next to me. He told me that there were about 50 other people on the ship. They were all closed off in the bottom of the ship. The prisoner commented to me that it was like something you see on TV. The people held on the ship were beaten even more severely than in Guantánamo.'"[148]
See also:
Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
Bagram torture and prisoner abuse
Criticisms of the War on Terrorism
After an investigating visit to Uzbekistan, United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture Theo van Boven concluded:[149]
Even though only a small number of torture cases can be proved with absolute certainty, the copious testimonies gathered ... are so consistent in their description of torture techniques and the places and circumstances in which torture is perpetrated that the pervasive and persistent nature of torture throughout the investigative process cannot be denied.
— Theo van Boven
Forms of torture frequently cited include immersion in boiling water, exposure to extreme heat and cold, "the use of electric shock, temporary suffocation, hanging by the ankles or wrists, removal of fingernails, punctures with sharp objects, rape, the threat of rape, and the threat of murder of family members.[150] (For example, see Muzafar Avazov.)
In 2003, Britain's Ambassador for Uzbekistan, Craig Murray, said that information was being extracted under extreme torture from dissidents in that country, and that the information was subsequently being used by Britain and other western, democratic countries which disapproved of torture.[151]
See also[edit]
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2009)
- ^ Amnesty International, Combating torture – a manual for action, October 2002, p. 2.
- ^ Orlando Tizon, CovertAction Quarterly, Summer 2002. Tizon is assistant director of the Torture Abolition and Survivors Support Coalition (TASSC) in Washington, D.C.
- ^ a b Amnesty International, End impunity: Justice for the victims of torture, 2001.
- ^ Nigel Rodley, "Report on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment," UN Document A/54/426, 1 October 1999.
- ^ "Shocking Discipline".
- ^ Jack Leonard; Miles Corwin (9 July 1998). "Stun Belt Used for First Time on Defendant in L.A. Court". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Lawrence Weschler, A Miracle, A Universe: Settling Accounts with Torturers, 1990: 62–63.
- ^ J. Patrice McSherry, "Operation Condor: Clandestine Inter-American System", Social Justice, Winter 1999 v26 i4.
- ^ Dana Priest, "CIA Holds Terror Suspects in Secret Prisons", The Washington Post, 2 November 2005.
- ^ "Statement on U.S. Secret Detention Facilities in Europe", Human Rights Watch, 7 November 2005.
- ^ "Denounce Torture", Amnesty International.
- ^ Richard S. Ehrlich, "Psychiatric center treats victims of Afghanistan torture", The Washington Times, 11 April 1988.
- ^ "International responsibility for a human rights disaster", Amnesty International, November 1995. ISBN 0-86210-250-2> AI Index: ASA/11/09/95.
- ^ Christina Lamb, "I was one of the Taliban's torturers: I crucified people", The Daily Telegraph, London, 30 September 2005.
- ^ "Afghanistan: Torture and Political Repression in Herat", Human Rights Watch, 5 November 2002.
- ^ Tim Golden, "In U.S. Report, Brutal Details of 2 Afghan Inmates' Deaths", The New York Times, 20 May 2005.
- ^ "Coldstream Guards Find torture Chamber", Ministry of Defence, 11 March 2008.
- ^ "Ho". Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
- ^ "Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment", U.N. Commission on Human Rights.
- ^ "Angola: A new cease-fire – a new opportunity for human rights", Amnesty International USA, AI Index AFR 12/002/2002 – News Service Nr.60, 5 April 2002.
- ^ "Angola: Extrajudicial executions and torture in Cabinda", Amnesty International Index: AFR 12/002/1998, 1 April 1998.
- ^ National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons, "The Nunca Más (Never Again) CONADEP Report"[dead link], 1984.
- ^ Jon Silverman (16 April 2003). "Is the UK facing up to Bahrain's past?". BBC. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
- ^ "Bahrain: Investigate Torture Claims Against Ex-Officer". Human Rights Watch. 16 December 2002. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
- ^ "Bahrain Sa'id 'Abd al-Rasul al-Iskafi". Amnesty International. 27 September 1995. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
- ^ "Routine abuse, routine denial". Human Rights Watch. 1 June 1997. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
- ^ a b Human Price of Freedom and Justice (Report). Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights and Bahrain Human Rights Society. 22 November 2011. http://bahrainrights.org/BCHR/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/BahrainTheHumanPrice.pdf.
- ^ "Detainees number is 2,929". Al Jazeera.
- ^ a b c Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (Report). Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry. 23 November 2011. http://files.bici.org.bh/BICIreportEN.pdf.
- ^ "Chile: World Report, Human Rights Watch 2005". Human Rights Watch.
- ^ "Chile", Human Rights Watch World Report 2006.
- ^ Jonathan Watts, "Torture still widespread in China, says UN investigator", The Guardian, London, 3 December 2005.
- ^ a b "Cuba: Torture of women prisoners".
- ^ "Cuba's Repressive Machinery". Human Rights Watch.
- ^ "2004 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices in France", US Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.
- ^ "Viols, vols, violences: neuf enquêtes visent des policiers du commissariat de Saint-Denis", Le Monde, Paris, 9 September 2005. (French)
- ^ "Mais que fait la Police?" (What are the police up to?), Marianne, Paris, 14 September 2005. (French)
- ^ "Vies gâchées dans les cités", La Croix, Paris, 30 October 2005. (French)
- ^ "Anita, expulsable, accuse un policier de tentative de viol", Libération, Paris, 9 August 2006. (French)
- ^ S.Reiprich, S.Bauer (21 November 2012). "Stiftung Gedenkstätte Berlin-Hohenschönhausen". Stiftung-hsh.de.
- ^ Dianna Ortiz and Patricia Davis, The Blindfold's eyes: My journey from torture to truth, Maryknoll, New York, 2002. ISBN 1-57075-435-7
- ^ http://www.achrweb.org/impact/achr-impact2009.pdf
- ^ "Cabinet clears anti-torture bill". The Times of India. 9 April 2010.
- ^ Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran
- ^ Manou & Associates Inc. "3-The Rights of the People". Iranonline.com.
- ^ Amnesty International, Iran (London 1987)
- ^ Amnesty International, Iran: Imprisonment, Torture, and Execution of Political Prisoners (New York, 1992)
- ^ United Nations (Economic and Social Council), Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran (New York, February 1990)
- ^ United Nations (Economic and Social Council), Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran (New York, January 1994)
- ^ Human Rights Watch, World Report: 1990 (New York, 1991)
- ^ ' + 'Posted by null null' + '. "Arya Aramnejad: Iranian singer imprisoned, tortured because of songs". Features.kodoom.com.
- ^ "Document – Iran: Death penalty/ torture and ill-treatment". Amnesty International. 30 May 2008.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ INDEPTH: ZAHRA KAZEMI "Iran's changing story" CBC News Online | Updated 16 November 2005. Retrieved 05/05/12[full citation needed]
- ^ Fatima (Saudi Arabia). "Ehsan Fattahian was Hanged this Morning in Iran". Mideast Youth.
- ^ a b "Shirkoh Moarefi another Kurdish Activist has been Transferred to Solitary Confinement to Await Execu". Canadafreepress.com.
- ^ "HRW calls for political prisoner's release". United Press International. 23 May 2009.
- ^ Urgent action: Stop the Execution of Iranian-Kurdish Student| 18 May 2011]
- ^ Iranian Journalist Recalls Torture, Sharing Cell With Supreme Leader (To Be) Radio Free Europe August 03, 2010
- ^ Saeed Kamali Dehghan (6 June 2011). "Iran court quashes death sentence in 'porn' case". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
- ^ "هرانا؛ حسین خضری اعدام شد/ تکمیلی". Hra-news.net.
- ^ "Iran: Student Leader Dies in Jail" Rah/Aki 31 July 2006
- ^ "In Memory of Akbar Mohammadi" Iranian News 31 July 2006
- ^ Abrahamian, Tortured Confessions 1999, p.5
- ^ Abrahamian, Tortured Confessions, 1999, p.139
- ^ 1 August 2008, "Among Scholars, Resistance and Resilience in Iran, Tradition of dissent survives despite government pressure" By AISHA LABI, Chronicle of Higher Education International
- ^ Iran: Guardian Council turns down Majlis bills on women's rights, torture ban, Payvand's Iran News, 13 August 2003
- ^ Iran: Ban on Torture Rejected, The New York Times, 10 January 2003
- ^ Human Rights Watch, "The New Iraq? Torture and ill-treatment of detainees in Iraqi custody", January 2005.
- ^ Stauber, J., Rampton, S. (1995) Toxic Sludge Is Good for You . Common Courage Press, ISBN 978-1-56751-060-7, ch. 10
- ^ Supreme Court ruling, (HCJ 5100/94)
- ^ Public Committee Against Torture v. State of Israel, 15 July 1999.
- ^ B'Tselem, Legislation allowing for the use of physical force, January 2000, pp.32,48.
- ^ "Torture and ill-treatment: Israel's Interrogation of Palestinians from the Occupied Territories", Human Rights Watch, June 1994.
- ^ "Concluding observations of the Committee against Torture: Israel. 18/05/98" by UNHCR Committee Against Torture, Twentieth session, 4–22 May 1998, A/53/44, paras.232–242.
- ^ "Rest in Pieces: Police Torture and Deaths in Custody in Nigeria", Human Rights Watch, July 2005.
- ^ Deborah Robinson, "Ogoni: The Struggle Continues", World Council of Churches.
- ^ Katharine Houreld, "Church burns 'witchcraft' children", The Daily Telegraph, Sydney, 20 October 2009.
- ^ "War Crimes: The Cuban-Vietnam Connection", National Alliance of Families.
- ^ Recent publications Highlighted research. "Library". Amnesty International.
- ^ Sacks, Mike. "Supreme Court Says Torture Victim Can't Sue Palestinian Authority." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 18 April 2012. Web. 5 May 2012. > <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/18/supreme-court-torture-victim-palestinian-authority_n_1434589.html?ref=supreme-court>.
- ^ "Justices Say Palestinian Authority Can't Be Sued Over Torture." Allvoices. Web. 5 May 2012. > <http://www.allvoices.com/news/11964270-justices-say-palestinian-authority-cant-be-sued-over-torture>.
- ^ "West Bank: Reports of Torture in Palestinian Detention." UNHCR. 20 October 2010. Web. 5 May 2012. > <http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cc51c7fc.html>.
- ^ Abu Toameh, Khaled. "PA Has Been Torturing Prisoners for Years, UK Group Says." JPost.com. 22 January 2011. Web. 5 May 2012.
- ^ "Allegations of West Bank Torture Increase." Financial Times. 21 November 2010. Web. 5 May 2012. <http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c5ceda42-f58b-11df-99d6-00144feab49a.html>.
- ^ "Official Sentenced to Death for Home Sale to Jews." CBN.com. The Christian Broadcasting Network, 30 April 2012. Web. 1 May 2012.
- ^ Gaza: Arbitrary Arrests, Torture, Unfair Trials. October 3, 2012.
- ^ Human Rights Watch (April 6, 2011). West Bank/Gaza: Stop Harassing Journalists. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
- ^ a b "Russian Federation Preliminary briefing to the UN Committee against Torture", Amnesty International, 1 April 2006.
- ^ Amnesty International report[dead link].
- ^ Justice Report by Amnesty International[dead link].
- ^ "Torture and ill-treatment"[dead link], Amnesty International.
- ^ "UN Committee against Torture Must Get Commitments From Russia to Stop Torture", Human Rights Watch, 13 November 2006.
- ^ "The Consequences of Dedovshchina", Human Rights Watch, 2004.
- ^ Vjacheslav Ismailov, "Terrible dedovshchina in General Staff", Novaya Gazeta, Moscow, 10 July 2006. (Russian)
- ^ Marat Hayrullin, "The entire city was beaten", Novaya Gazeta, Moscow, 10 January 2005. (Russian)
- ^ Marat Hayrullin, "A profession: to mop up the Motherland", Novaya Gazeta, Moscow, 17 March 2005. (Russian)
- ^ Marat Hayrullin, "Welcome to Fairytale", Novaya Gazeta, Moscow, 25 April 2005. (Russian)
- ^ "AI Report 2003: Saudi Arabia", Amnesty International, 2003.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia: New Evidence Of Torture", Human Rights Watch 5 February 2002.
- ^ "Human Rights Watch World Report 2003: Saudi Arabia", Human Rights Watch, 2003.
- ^ "World Report 2006: Saudi Arabia", Human Rights Watch, 2006.
- ^ Alexander Solzhenitsyn. "The Gulag Archipelago"
- ^ "Stalin's torture: 'Beat them to death'", Novaya Gazeta, Moscow, 16 October 2008. (Russian)
- ^ Amnesty International, AI Report 2004.
- ^ Fourth periodic report on Spain in the 29th session of the UN Committee Against Torture[dead link].
- ^ Committee for the Prevention of Torture, "Spain", Council of Europe.
- ^ Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch False Freedom Online Censorship in the Middle East and North Africa. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "Syria urged to transfer female prisoners". United Press International. 12 November 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "Syria: Mukhabarat and the desert prison". Intelligence Quarterly. 2 July 2011.
- ^ Katz, Yossi (2010). A voice called : stories of Jewish heroism. Jerusalem, [Israel]: Gefen Publishing. pp. 111 ff. ISBN 978-965-229-480-7.
- ^ Syria returns the body of a soldier captured in Damascus, Israel Defense Forces
- ^ Syria returns the body of a soldier captured in Damascus, IDF
- ^ אורי אילן – מסר נוסף בפתקים, Haaretz
- ^ Reshaping the Past ISBN 0-19-509355-0 Oxford University
- ^ "Golan's capital turns into heap of stones". The Times, 10 July 1974, p. 8
- ^ Abraham Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East, Random House/Schocken Books (2004) p.115
- ^ Yemini, Galya (25 May 2005). "Noam Lanir plans to float Empire Online at $1b value". Haaretz. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
- ^ "News." Syria: New Report Finds Systemic and Widespread Torture and Ill-treatment in Detention. Web. 6 May 2012. <http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/syria-new-report-finds-systemic-and-widespread-torture-and-ill-treatment-detention-2012-03-13>.
- ^ ""Widespread and Systematic" Torture in Syria." CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 14 March 2012. Web. 6 May 2012. <http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57396967/widespread-and-systematic-torture-in-syria/>.
- ^ ABC revealed torture movie[dead link]
- ^ "ABC News Exclusive: Torture Tape Implicates UAE Royal Sheikh". ABC News. 22 April 2009.
- ^ Charge sheet for trial by court-marshal. The Queen v. Donald Payne ..., July 2005.
- ^ Kim Sengupta, "You have tarnished the reputation of the Army and the British nation", The Independent, London, 24 February 2005.
- ^ Ian Herbert and Kim Sengupta, "Exposed: soldier at the centre of Army's shame", The Independent, London, 24 February 2005.
- ^ Martin Hickman, "British soldiers who abused Iraqis are jailed and dismissed from the Army", The Independent, London, 26 February 2005.
- ^ "Judge says 'put aside sympathy'", BBC News, London, 21 February 2005.
- ^ House of Lords Session 2005–06 2005 UKHL 71 on appeal from: [2004] EWCA Civ 1123. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
- ^ "'Historic' abuse court martial ends", BBC News, 13 March 2007.
- ^ Steven Morris and Richard Norton-Taylor, "Colonel and three of his men cleared over abuse of detained Iraqis", The Guardian, London, 15 February 2007.
- ^ "UK soldier jailed over Iraq abuse", BBC News, 30 April 2007.
- ^ "Timeline: Road to military trial", The Daily Telegraph, London, 15 March 2007.
- ^ "This think piece is about the law produced and invoked by his death." Gerry Simpson, "The Death of Baha Mousa", Melbourne Journal of International Law. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
- ^ "MoD to admit breach on Mousa case", BBC News, 27 March 2008.
- ^ "Timeline: Iraqi abuse trial" BBC News, 10 July 2008.
- ^ "MPs 'misled' over interrogation", BBC News, 27 July 2008.
- ^ Volpe pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 30 years in prison. "Policeman in torture case changes plea to guilty", CNN, 25 May 1999.
- ^ "Volpe receives 30-year sentence for sodomy in Louima brutality case", Court TV, 13 December 1999.
- ^ Paige Bierma, "Torture behind bars: right here in the United States of America", The Progressive, July 1994.
- ^ Lance Tapley, "Torture in Maine's prison", Portland Phoenix, 11–17 November 2005.
- ^ "Torture Policy" (Editorial), The Washington Post, 21 June 2004.
- ^ Amnesty International, "Rubber stamping violations in the 'war on terror': Congress fails human rights", 27 September 2006.
- ^ Martin Scheinin, UN expert on human rights and counterterrorism concerned that Military Commissions Act is now law in United States", UN High Commission for Human Rights, 27 October 2006.
- ^ Jeremy Waldron, "The Rule against Torture as a Legal Archetype", Charney Lecture, 2006.
- ^ "Detainee Tortured, Says U.S. Official", The Washington Post, 13 January 2009.
- ^ Human Rights Watch, 2001.
- ^ Dana Priest and Barton Gellman, "U.S. Decries Abuse but Defends Interrogations", The Washington Post, 26 December 2002.
- ^ Duncan Campbell and Richard Norton-Taylor, "US accused of holding terror suspects on prison ships", The Guardian, London, 2 June 2008.
- ^ Report of the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture, UN Commission on Human Rights, February 2003.
- ^ Human Rights Watch, Uzbekistan, World Report 2001.
- ^ Robin Gedye, "The envoy silenced after telling undiplomatic truths", The Daily Telegraph, London, 23 October 2004.
External links[edit]
- The short film I Am Not Alone (1956) is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]


text:
Acidulated Water
Acidulated Water
© Randal Oulton
Acidulated Water is cold water mixed with a food-grade acid such as vinegar, lemon juice or another citrus juice or acid.
It's used for dipping cut fruit or vegetables into, in order to stop them from turning an unsightly brown when they are exposed to air.
Acidulated water will not make food safer (e.g. kill all bacteria), because you're not using enough acid to actually pickle something.
The goal is just to prevent discoloration, not preservation.
Nor is the goal to influence the taste of the food item being treated.
To make:
Cooking Tips
for every 2 pints (4 cups / 32 oz / 1 litre) of water add either:
1 1/2 tablespoons of vinegar OR
3 tablespoons of lemon juice OR
1/2 cup (4 oz / 125 ml) of white wine
Related reading
Cooking Techniques
|Next Pages >
- À la Cooking Terms List
- Acetomel
- Acidulated Water
- Acidulate
- Adjust SeasoningAdjust Seasoning are instructions to check the taste of a dish, to see if it is to your taste, and if not, to adjust the taste. Adding additional flavourings is inferred, because of course flavouring cannot be removed from a dish -- though an excess of one flavour can partly be masked or balanced by another flavour.
- Adjusting the Taste of Dishes
- Affriander
- Alambre
- Bake Blind
- BakeBaking is a method of cooking done in an enclosed, heated space using dry heat. The temperature is usually controlled to meet the specifications set by a recipe (whether written or unwritten.) An oven provides the best environment for baking, in terms of temperature control, direction of heat, and for sheer space available.
- Ballotine
- Barbeque
- Battuto
- Baveuse
- BeatTo Beat in cooking is to mix something up with great zeal and abandon. Beating both mixes all the ingredients together evenly, and introduces air, to help a food item either develop body (such as whipped cream and meringue) or to help it rise when baked (such as cakes.) A variety of implements can be used to Beat food: manual implements such as a fork, spoon, manual egg-beater or whisk (though when it's done with a whisk, it's often referred to as whisking.) The spoons can be metal, wood or plastic.
- Beer Can Chicken RoastingBeer Can Chicken Roasting involes poking the neck cavity of a chicken down onto an opened beer can, and roasting the chicken upright. The idea is that you have the can half filled with beer, and the steam and aroma from that flavour the chicken (disregard promises of making it moister -- only fat makes meat moist, not water, steam or beer.) Cut the top off a beer can, so that the top is completely open (mind the sharp edges.) Have the can half-filled with beer.
- Bench ProofBench Proof is a term used to describe an intermediate rising between the first rising (or ferment, during which you allow the yeast to grow numerous enough eventually to leaven the dough) and the final rising in the pan or its shaped form (called the proof.) You punch down the dough after the first rising, knead it a bit (usually), then let it stand for an amount of time specified by your recipe (this is the Bench Proof stage), then punch it down again, shape it and let it rise the final time. The Bench Proofing time can be anywhere from 10 to 20 minutes to up to 2 hours, depending on
- Beurre Manié
- Blanch
- Braising
- Brine
- Brining Beans
- Broasting
- Broil
- Carving a Turkey
- Chopping Techniques
- Coddle
- Cooking Techniques
- Curing
- Dredging
- Egg Wash
- Emulsify
- Firm-Ball Stage
- Fold
- French Trimmed
- Frissonne
- Fry
- Galantine
- Garnishes
- Grill
- Hard-Ball Stage
- Hard-Crack Stage
- High Altitude Baking
- Knead
- Liaison
- London Broil
- Mise en Place
- Mitonner
- Mochitsuki
- Open-Faced
|Next Pages >
Also called:
Acid Rinse; Agua acidulada (Spanish)
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-- Groucho Marx (American comedian. 2 October 1890 – 19 August 1977). From "At the Circus ", 1939.
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It's a myth that Bacon Drippings are the worst fat you can eat. Bacon Drippings, in fact, have 42% less saturated fat than does butter.
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Late Registration/Packet Pick-up
Late Registration
(after June 20th)
Online Registration will be available through midnight on June 25, 2014.
In person Late Registration will be available on June 27, 2014 from 11 am to 7 pm during Late Registration/Packet Pick-up held in conjunction with the Healthy Lifestyle Expo at Fricano Place, 1050 W Western Ave in downtown Muskegon, or on Thursday, June 26, from 4-7pm at Fricano Place. Late Registration fees apply. NO REGISTRATION AVAILABLE ON JUNE 28 (RACE DAY)!
Packet Pick-up
Packets may be picked up at the Healthy Lifestyle Expo on June 27, 2014 from 11 am to 7 pm at Fricano Place. You may also pick up your packet on Thursday, June 26, from 4-7 pm and Saturday, June 28, from 6 to 7:30 am. Click here for directions.


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Only Minor Changes In Vikings Thursday Injury ReportPosted by on November 19, 2009 – 4:28 pm
The Vikings and Seahawks have released their Thursday injury reports and there weren't many changes to what was listed in yesterday's report.
DT Fred Evans, who was listed with an illness yesterday, was a full participant today. But CB Karl Paymah (ankle), who wasn't on the report yesterday, was on it today. There were no other changes and Vikings Head Coach Brad Childress was not asked about CB Antoine Winfield today after practice.
For the Seahawks, C Chris Spencer (thumb/back) was a full participant yesterday but was limited today. CB Marcus Trufant (concussion) was out yesterday but practiced in full today while CB Josh Wilson (concussion) was out of practice for the 2nd straight day. DT Craig Terrill (shoulder) also sat out of practice for the 2nd straight day.
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Be extra careful today, Chronic nation! It's tough in the streets on this rainy Friday the 13th!
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SEO 2.0 | Idiotically Simple Ways to Make Your Crap Content Stand Out seo2.0.onreact.comSubmitted by Zen2Seo Nov 09 2012 in Content 0 Comments Discuss (0) |
* Whether you like it or not content is the current big thing at least when it comes to buzz. SEO is dead they shout, social media has no ROI they wine but great content is the emperor in the online monarchy of needs right now they proclaim. Everybody knows that s/he has to create great to content to survive so you have to compete with millions of others who are creating and promoting content.
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We've said it before and we'll say it again, is there anything Tavi Gevinson can't do? Tavi founded her blog Style Rookie when she was 12, and then created her online magazine Rookie. But editor-in-chief is just one of her many titles, as her wikipedia page describes her as 'an American writer, magazine editor, actress and singer.'
Most 17-year-olds are struggling to get their heads around their A Levels but Tavi has written the Miley Cyrus cover story for US Elle, given celebrated TED talks, featured on the Forbes 30 Under 30 Media List TWICE and starred in Enough Said with Julia Louis-Dreyfus and James Gandolfini.
Tavi can now add Broadway star onto her bulging CV, as last night she tweeted that she will star in Kenneth Lonergan's 1996 play "This Is Our Youth." Gevinson will be playing the role of Jessica, an "anxiously insightful" fashion student in the play which follows three 'wealthy, articulate pot-smoking' teenagers on the Upper West Side in 1982.
It is described as: 'In meticulous, hilarious, and agonizing detail, "This Is Our Youth" follows forty-eight hours of three very lost young souls in the big city at the dawn of the Reagan Era.' Michael Cera and Kieran Culkin will also star in the production. The play will open in Chicago, Tavi's hometown, and then have a 20-week run on Broadway. It will preview in New York in August and then run from September through to January.
Check out Tavi Gevinson's top 10 style moments in the gallery below...


text: Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim v Minnesota Twins By Jade April 10, 2012 2:35 PM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Category: Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! More from 1390 the Fan Gophers Steal One In Nebraska Huskies Hockey Nets Big Win Over UND Huskies Basketball Topped By UW-Parkside Depleted Wolves Routed By Spurs Best of the Web


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A nice timeline of what's happening with guitar vendors and other influences on guitars and artists


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Dallas - Restaurant Recs near the Intercontinental Hotel?
Have a brief business trip next week and have never been to Dallas before. I'm staying at the Intercontinental and have no idea what restaurants are closeby let alone CH good. Any help will be appreciated. B'fast is taken care of but lunch/dinner suggestions appreciated!
There are a number of decent places relatively near the Intercontinental, which is located close to Belt Line and Addison (a big restaurant area because the town has long been "wet.") I say "relatively near" because you will need transportation to get to them. Guidelive (the Dallas Morning News' guide) http://www.guidelive.com/portal/page?... lists 301 restaurants in the Addison area.
Here are a few I recommend for consideration:
Thai Orchid (Thai
)De Tapas (Spanish)
Texas de Brazil (Brazilian churrascaria)
Chamberlain's (Steak)
Blue Mesa (semi-Mexican)
The Grill on the Alley (Chophouse)
Queen of Sheba (Ethiopian)
I also like Dream Cafe and Mercy, just over the tollway south of Beltline Mercy advertises as a wine bar, but I think their food is pretty good.
re: ieatdallas
Based on his postings, it looks like Medford is from the East Coast. I would be reluctant to send him/her to Ferrari or any other Dallas area Italian place, with East Coast Italian as context.
re: Kirk
Kirk, we were going to try Ferrari's because it's been recommended by a couple of people on this board, but maybe we shouldn't bother? We're looking for NYC-quality Italian--ok, not quite, but close. We tried a couple of Italian restaurants here and you know... If Ferrari's isn't good, we were going to give up and settle for Magiano's. (BTW, CPK's portobello ravioli in white sauce is VERY GOOD, better than at most Italian restaurants. The quality is consistent whether you go to CPK in CA, FL or Dallas.)
re: kuidaore
Ferrari's is more americanized than what you probably are use to but I do think its the best Italian food here - and certainly a few notches above Maggiano's :). The best time to go is when they have a regional food/wine dinner which they do about once a month. They pick a region of Italy and do a 5 course tasting around it with wines paired.
re: ieatdallas
Thanks! I'll look for their monthly event on their web site. We like Maggiano's bread (not necessarily main dishes), though we haven't tried it in Dallas yet.
Here is my recommendation. Stay close by for lunch. All the above suggestions will do you right.
But at night, you have to travel. Dallas has so many truly world-class dining options.
The best steakhouse in town - Bob's on Lemmon. I ate there last nite and it is hard to describe the perfection of Bob's filet, black and blue.
For a true "foodie" experience, do Lola's.
For a bit of the infamous Dallas "scene", head to Hibiscus.
But if you only have one chance for one dinner, head to Stephen Pyles and get the 8 Ceviche Tasting. Marvelous.
Thanks to you all. Yes, I am from the East Coast--New Jersey Girl in the Pine Barrens. Some folks I will be meeting mentioned something about restaurants in a mall nearby the hotel but I was looking for something a bit more adventuresome. These are great suggestions! I'm curious--how is Dallas Italian different from East Coast??
re: medford
I agree the Dallas Italian restaurants are more "americanized" with fettucini alfredo, etc than some more authentic places in Italian rich neighborhoods in other cities and also agree there aren't that many good ones here but you wouldn't be disappointed with Ferrari's.
Sorry for calling you a "him," Medford. One of the Dallas posters (Raynickben) can give you a much more informed exegesis of the difference, since she also hails from South Jersey. I'll simply state that, in my opinion, the Italian food in Dallas is not very good.
While not a foodie experience but a Texas standard I would go across the street and get a Freebirds Burrito, directly across Beltline from you. I would suggest Steak houses several mentioned above for dinner since they are again a "Texas standard" You might also want to try "real Mexican" while you are here. I would suggest Nuevo Leon http://www.guidelive.com/portal/page?..., it's a very good example of Oaxaca food.
Thanks for all of the recs. Didn't have a car so ate close to the hotel. Ended up for one dinner at Fogo de Chao. Lots of fun, interesting food, great salad bar. A Fogo just opened in Philly so was interested in what this type of restaurant was all about. Another meal at Kenny's Wood Grill. It was convenient to the hotel and wasn't a chain --great appetizers! Astounding number of restaurants in Addison. Next trip will try to get downtown and also branch out to some 'mexican' offerings. Again, thanks for sharing.
re: medford
Glad you enjoyed your meals, Medford!
Has anyone tried Vue yet? It is in Addison in the Village on the Parkway. This would be very close the hotel. I have heard great things about the chef (Tony Gardizi). I went to a cooking class at the restaurant a while back. The food was great but, I havent been back for dinner yet. I am thinking about going next week for the wine dinner.
re: HalfBaked
Yep they went down the tubes and a restaurant. It's now a nightclub.


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There may be no need to turn off electronics during a flight takeoff, Android users could see software updates soon, and a low-cost box arrives for Google TV.
After numerous delays, the space transport company sends its Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft into orbit to carry cargo to the International Space Station. Next up: get that rocket back.
Apple doesn't need to make cars. Its software -- iOS, Siri, Maps, and apps -- needs to be integrated into Tesla's terrestrial and extraterrestrial vehicles.
Sometimes it's the deceptively simple solutions to complex problems that show the most potential. Sometimes those solutions come from unexpected places. And, sometimes, you can find true innovation on the CES show floor. This is the story of one of those times.
commentary With tablets and televisions safely in the "shared tech" category, the still unsettling Google Glass extends the nature of "personal tech" to a whole new level.
We look into how one of the world's oldest car brands is using Google Glass, Pebble smartwatches, and Nest thermostats to make its vehicles smarter.
Prep your smartphone for sale with this handy game plan.
This handy chart lists more than 60 commands for interacting with Google's voice assistant, including some fun Easter eggs. They work with the iOS version, too.
The ScenSor DW1000 tunes in to wireless technology to let people locate important items such as medical equipment or even children.
The FAA now says that it's fine and dandy for airline passengers to use their electronic devices in all phases of flight, including takeoff and landing. Here's how the rule change could affect your future flights.


text: Revlon/Run Walk View full-size image < previous next > Is this photo a winner? "We loved this shirts. They were perfect for the event--the 13th annual Revlon/Run Walk held in NYC." - luboja (May 04, 2010) Share this photo on: Twitter Facebook Pinterest Similar Photos: new york | new york city | fundraiser | charity | revlon run walk | participant teams Feeling inspired? Visit the CustomInk Design Lab to start your own group order. Design Your Own


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About a month or two ago, I asked Andrew W.K. — that great unwashed Rock God, party incarnate, a walking/talking ode to the Power of Positive Mental Attitude — if he would be at all interested in writing an advice column for us. Of course he was. And what I mean by that is, "Of course he ... More >>
This has been a perilous year for Justin Bieber, our favorite swaggy little shit. He was snapped sipping some alleged lean; he took heat for tone-deaf comments in the Anne Frank house; he scuffled with the paparazzi; his friends keep getting his car in trouble; he peed in a mop bucket and yelled "fu ... More >>
For all you conservatives out there who think all artists hate you, here's good news: a one-man play about Ronald Reagan is in development. Originally attached to reliably rightwing writer Lionel Chetwynd, the play will now be scripted by David Rambo, a producer on CSI: Crime Scene Investigat ... More >>
The 'Times' Records a Year of Bitterness
Technology Begins at the Roots
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text: Curling with Sterling View full-size image < previous next > Is this photo a winner? "This tournament is an annual friends and family event held at a curling club in Seattle. This year, family and team captains got special sweatshirts. They were a hit! The quality of the printing and shirts themselves were perfect. During the design process, I 'chatted' with several people at Custom Ink to get the file set up just right, and when I didn't respond properly to an approval request, someone called to make sure I saw it. And wouldn't you know? The shirts arrived two days before promised!" - Monique (Mar 08, 2013) Share this photo on: Twitter Facebook Pinterest Similar Photos: club | clubs | Curling | event sporting | family | friends | seattle | sports and teams | curling club | hoodies | sweatshirt Feeling inspired? Visit the CustomInk Design Lab to start your own group order. Design Your Own comment by Guest - Mar 08, 2013 - back to the top Represent Seattle curlers!


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Getting Started: Eunny Jang begins this episode with a tutorial on one-color slip-stitch knitting and patterns.
Knitalong: Vicki Square joins Eunny for this season's new knitalong for the Tesserae knitted tee. Originally from Vicki Square's Light & Layered Knits, this tee incorporates two-color slip-stitch knitting, and Vicki demonstrates this technique to begin the knitalong. Yarn Spotlight: Clara Parkes and Eunny join up in the knitting lab to talk about novelty yarns with texture, and how these yarns are perfect for slip-stitch knitting. Quick Tip: Eunny wraps up this episode with a quick tip for using slip-stitch knitting in sock heels.
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Ok well I want to know which of the two exercises make you bigger overall. I know stiff leggd target hams more. but which will make you bigger over all. which of the two exercises boosts more growth hormone// test in ur body. Yes i know squats is number 1 but i know deads are second.
So which boosts more GH//test in ur body. stiff legged deads or regular deadlifys
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Sheriff (A Night of Fright is No Delight)Talk0
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College Football Recruiting: National Signing Day
It does not matter how well teams in the SEC do in the season, because they win on signing day. Alabama, LSU, Texas A&M and Tennessee take four of the top five spots in the final recruiting rankings, showing their dominance. National championship or not, Alabama still dominates recruiting landscape. The Crimson Tide signed 27 players, 19 are on the ESPN 300 list. They pulled...
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February 06, 2014 | Discuss
Terrelle Pryor's Big Ten Championship Ring for Sale on eBay for $16,499
Have you ever wanted to own a piece of Ohio State history? Or know a big Terrelle Pyror fan? Well if you do, you can now own his 2008 Big Ten Championship ring for the low low buy it now price of $16,499 on eBay. This is the ring that started the whole "tattoo scandal" at Ohio State: This may be the single most famous piece of Ohio State memorabilia available! The ring was the...
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November 12, 2013 | Discuss
"Tattoo-Gate" Championship Ring for Sale
For those of you looking for something special this holiday season for the Ohio State fan in your life, the "Tattoo-Gate" Championship ring is once again for sale on Ebay. According to the seller "This may be the single most famous piece of Ohio State memorabilia available! This ring was the start of the Tattoo Scandal involving former Ohio State players Terrelle Pryor...
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November 11, 2013 | Discuss
OSU's two-deep roster vs. Indiana
There are three changes this week and they are all on the defense. Senior defensive end Solomon Thomas, redshirt freshman defensive tackle Darryl Baldwin and true freshman nose tackle Joel Hale each cracked the two-deep roster for the first time this season. OHIO STATE'S TWO-DEEP ROSTER VS. ILLINOIS (STARTERS...
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Are You Ready to Dine Out, Boston?
Posted on February 10, 2014 at 10:34AM by Arthur Levine
Blogging Fusion Blog Directory
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To ...
Posted on January 24, 2014 at 10:00AM by David O'Donnell
It's cold and snowy in Boston but don't let the January doldrums keep you cooped up!! The Hub comes alive this weekend with activities for all ages and inclinations, from comedy shows and ...
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Posted on January 17, 2014 at 7:18AM by David O'Donnell
That seems to be the overarching message of this magical musical that is at the Boston Opera House through January 19. Originally a film, the musical adaptation of Once emerged from the ...
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How many storylines can exist heading into one football game?? Apparently a lot when it's Tom Brady and Bill Belichick against Peyton Manning in the AFC Championship Game. For ...
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There's no getting around it. It can get a bit chilly in our fair city during the winter. But live music has a way of warming our souls and filling us with light. We are fortunate to have many venues ...
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By the time Legos were introduced and started catching on in the U.S., I was a bit too old to play with the brightly colored snap-together toys. But along with about a gazillion other kids, my boys ...


text: Kerry: Samples from Syrian First Responders Tested Positive for Sarin Print article Send a Tip by Tony Lee 1 Sep 2013 post a comment On Fox News Sunday, Secretary of State John Kerry said hair and blood samples from first responders responding to alleged chemical attacks by the Assad regime in Syria have tested positive for Sarin nerve gas. Kerry said he learned yesterday that "hair and blood samples that have come to us from East Damascus" from first responders "have tested positive for signatures of Sarin." "So this case [for military action] is going to build stronger and stronger," Kerry said.


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Green Nature Resort and Spa
Marmaris, Turquoise Coast (Dalaman), Turkey
Green Nature Resort and Spa Introduction
Tucked away beside a fragrant pine forest on the outskirts of Marmaris, this inviting hotel boasts an abundance of facilities for both adults and children to enjoy at leisure. An ample pool area sits at the heart of the complex, providing the perfect environment for families to spend quality time together in the sunshine. If you prefer to indulge your taste buds, you'll find a selection of bars and restaurants scattered throughout the resort to suit your needs.
NB. 5D Resort rooms are located in the main building, whilst 4D club rooms are located in a separate building.
- All Inclusive
Green Nature Resort and Spa Facilities
• Club room (code: HGFHP) for up to 3 (max 2 adults/1 child) consists of • Double or twin beds • Extra bed • Shower and wc • Hairdryer • Minibar • Satellite TV • Safety deposit box • Air-conditioning • Balcony • Resort rooms (code: HGJZP) for up to 3 adults, Club family rooms (code: HGUGP) for up to 4 adults, Resort family rooms (code: HGUFP) for up to 4 adults, and Single rooms available at a supplement
• Gym • Spa with treatments • Jacuzzi • Steam room • Turkish bath
All Inclusive means
• Meals: Full board with buffet-style breakfast, lunch and dinner. Snacks Midday-4pm. Night soup 11pm-midnight. • Drinks: Unlimited locally produced alcoholic drinks and soft drinks 10am-1am (excluding vitamin bar). • Activities: Basketball, volleyball, tennis, gym and sauna. • Children: Hotel kids' club (4-12 years) and mini-disco. • Entertainment: Regular day and evening entertainment.
• Amphitheatre
• 3 swimming pools, 1 with waterslide • Indoor pool • FREE sunbeds and parasols • FREE WiFi access in lobby • Hairdresser • Gift shop • Jewellery shop • Minimarket
For Children
• 2 separate children's pools • FREE cots
Key Facts
• Nearest beach: 500 metres • Main resort area: 3 kms • 631 rooms • Lifts: 7 • Child age: 2-12 years • Official rating: 4 star (club rooms) 5 star (resort rooms) • Some facilities and activities may incur a local charge
Meals and Drinks
• Main restaurant • Snack restaurant • 5 bars
Hotel and Holiday Extras
National Express
At Cosmos we want to make your holiday travel arrangements as easy and hassle free as possible, so that you can concentrate on relaxing and enjoying yourself. That's why we've joined with National Express to offer you convenient, comfortable coach services to and from your UK departure airport. There are no less than 1200 pick-up and drop-off points across the UK to choose from. For more information on departure points, suitability and timings call National Express on 0121 423 8455 or http://www.nationalexpress.co.uk.
Special Occasions Pack
Are you celebrating a special event while you're on holiday - perhaps a wedding anniversary or a birthday? Or maybe your holiday is your honeymoon? Whatever the occasion, we can arrange for a special welcome pack to be waiting for you when you arrive, including fruit basket, local sparkling wine and a bouquet of flowers.
If you are interested in this holiday, please select your preferred travel options from the panel on the left.
Green Nature Resort and Spa features in the following multi-centre holidays:
Turquoise Cruise + Green Nature Resort and Spa
Turquoise Gulet (Cruise Only), Tours and Cruises (Cruise Only), Turkey
If you've ever felt the remotest stirring for a life on the water, you really should try one of our Gulet Cruises; the b... more


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FORT MYERS BEACH, Fla.- Runners from 37 states and 6 different countries, can now say they took part in the first ever Fort Myers Beach Marathon! WINK News was a proud sponsor of the race. Our very own, Hayley Hinds, kicked off the race singing the National Anthem, before 1,500 brave men and women hit the pavement.
It takes heart and soul to dedicate yourself to running miles in a marathon, but for these runners, the miles didn't matter.
"I had fun, running with friends, and at the turn around point, I just wanted to get back as fast as I could," said runner Richard Olitsky.
Father and son duo, Richard and Brian Olitsky , dedicated themselves to finishing a half marathon.
"I feel good about my time, but knowing my dad, who is about 25 years older than me, beat me by about 15 minutes, that makes it hard," said runner Brian Olitsky.
They both embarked on the 13.1 miles in the first ever Fort Myers Beach Marathon.
Richard finished in an hour and 52 minutes, Brian in two hours and eight minutes.
"It as an awesome race, it was the first marathon on FMB, I was a little worried about it, but I think they did an awesome job."
However, what would a Fort Myers Beach run be without going over the famous Matanzas Bass Bridge?
"The bridge is steep, its a steep bridge, I'd say a bridge like that sucks about a mile of energy out of you, so it makes the race a lot longer," Brian told WINK News.
"I train for the bridges with friends, the bridge was fun, so that wasn't hard," said Richard.
Runners from 37 states and 6 different countries were cheered a long the route of the 5k, the half marathon and the full marathon.
"At the start, I felt like it was going to be a good day, felt like I was going to finish fine, but towards the end, I wasn't quite so sure."
The proceeds for the race are going to help three different Southwest Florida charities.
Runners ran for the Harry Chapin Food Bank, Able Academy and the Disabled Veterans Insurance Careers.


text: Muppet Maven Yanks Toys from Chick-Fil-A Over Gay Marriage Stance Print article Send a Tip by Breitbart News 22 Jul 2012 post a comment The Muppet brand continues to shed its apolitical cloth, fur and ping pong ball eyes. Late last year, the rebooted "Muppets" movie cast an eeee-vil oil baron as its villain, and Kermit the Frog and Miss Piggy let loose with an anti-Fox News gag during a press conference. Now, Jim Henson Studios is yanking its toys from Chick-Fil-A restaurants because of the chain owner's opposition to gay marriage. The Jim Henson Company has celebrated and embraced diversity and inclusiveness for over fifty years and we have notified Chick-Fil-A that we do not wish to partner with them on any future endeavors. Lisa Henson, our CEO is personally a strong supporter of gay marriage and has directed us to donate the payment we received from Chick-Fil-A to GLAAD.