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Systems and methods are described that facilitate learning a Bayesian network with decision trees via employing a learning algorithm to learn a Bayesian network with complete tables. The learning algorithm can comprise a search algorithm that can reverse edges in the Bayesian network with complete tables in order to refine a directed acyclic graph (DAG) associated therewith. The refined complete-table DAG can then be employed to derive a set of constraints for a learning algorithm employed to grow decision trees within the decision-tree Bayesian network.
1. A system comprising a computer processor for executing the following software components, the system facilitates learning Bayesian networks with local distributions, where at least one distribution is not a complete table, the system is recorded on a computer-readable storage medium and capable of execution by a computer, comprising:
a complete data set;
a Bayesian network constructor component that constructs a complete-table Bayesian network to represent local distributions of data in the complete data set and employs a learning algorithm that can reverse edges in the complete-table Bayesian network to facilitate learning a decision-tree Bayesian network, the Bayesian network constructor component further analyzes a directed graph that results from the complete-table Bayesian network to determine a partial ordering of the complete-table Bayesian network; and
wherein the Bayesian network constructor component analyzes the complete data set and the complete-table Bayesian network using a search algorithm to identify other potential arrangements of edges within the Bayesian network and compares the other arrangements to the partial ordering of the complete-table Bayesian network.
2. The system of
3. The system of
4. The system of
5. The system of
6. The system of
7. The system of
8. The system of
9. A device employing the system of
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer executable instructions operable to perform a method for learning Bayesian networks with at least one distribution that is not a complete table, comprising:
inputting a complete data set via a user into a Bayesian network constructor for analysis of the complete data set;
learning a first Bayesian network that comprises complete tables;
analyzing a directed acyclic graph of a complete-table Bayesian network;
learning a second Bayesian network that comprises a distribution with at least one non-complete-table-distribution;
learning the first Bayesian network comprises employing a search algorithm that can reverse edges in the complete-table Bayesian network; and
displaying results of learning the first and second Bayesian networks.
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
determining a degree of dependency between nodes connected by the at least one edge;
determining a direction of dependence between nodes connected by the at least one edge; and
assessing whether the direction of that at least one edge is correct based at least in part on the direction of dependence between nodes connected by the at least one edge.
21. The method of
22. The method of
23. A system that facilitates learning Bayesian networks with decision trees, comprising:
means for learning a complete-table Bayesian network from a data set;
means for refining a directed acyclic graph resulting from the complete-table Bayesian network;
means for learning a Bayesian network with at least one non-complete-table distribution, whereby local distributions are constructed in accordance with constraints imposed by a partial order of the directed acyclic graph of the complete-table Bayesian net;
means for learning the Bayesian network comprises employing a search algorithm that can reverse edges in the complete-table Bayesian network; and
means for displaying results of learning the Bayesian network.
The present invention relates generally to data modeling and analysis, and more particularly to utilizing a complete data table to create a model (or pattern).
With the advent of the Internet, and especially electronic commerce (�e-commerce�) over the Internet, the use of data analysis tools, has increased dramatically. In e-commerce and other Internet and non-Internet applications, databases are generated and maintained that have astronomically large amounts of information. Such information is typically analyzed, or �mined,� to learn additional information regarding customers, users, products, etc. This information allows businesses and other users to better implement their products and/or ideas.
Data mining (also known as Knowledge Discovery in Databases�KDD) has been defined as �The nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from data.� Data mining can employ machine learning, statistical and/or visualization techniques to discover and present knowledge in a form that is easily comprehensible to humans. Generally speaking, humans recognize or translate graphical items more easily than textual ones. Thus, larger amounts of information can be relayed utilizing this means than by other methods. As such, graphical statistical models have proven invaluable in data mining.
The advent of artificial intelligence within computer science has brought an abundance of decision-support systems. Decision-support systems are computer systems in which decisions, typically rendered by humans, are recommended and sometimes made. In creating decision-support systems, computer scientists seek to provide decisions with the greatest possible accuracy. Thus, computer scientists strive to create decision-support systems that are equivalent to or more accurate than a human expert. Applications of decision-support systems include medical diagnosis, troubleshooting computer networks, or other systems wherein a decision is based upon identifiable criteria.
One of the most promising new areas for research in decision-support systems is Bayesian networks. A Bayesian network is a representation of the probabilistic relationships among distinctions about the world. Each distinction, sometimes called a variable, can take on one of a mutually exclusive and exhaustive set of possible states. A Bayesian network is expressed as an acyclic-directed graph where the variables correspond to nodes and the relationships between the nodes correspond to arcs.
A Bayesian network is a graphical statistical model that encodes probabilistic relationships among variables of interest. Over the last decade, the Bayesian network has become a popular representation for encoding uncertain expert knowledge in expert systems. More recently, researchers have developed methods for learning Bayesian networks from data. When used in conjunction with statistical techniques, the graphical model has several advantages for data analysis. First, because the model encodes dependencies among all variables, it readily handles situations where some data entries are missing. Second, a Bayesian network can be used to learn causal relationships, and hence can be used to gain understanding about a problem domain and to predict the consequences of intervention. Third, because the model has both a causal and probabilistic semantics, it is an ideal representation for combining prior knowledge (which often comes in causal form) and data. And fourth, Bayesian statistical methods in conjunction with Bayesian networks offer an efficient and principled approach for avoiding the over fitting of data.
There are two traditional approaches for constructing statistical models, such as decision trees or decision graphs, namely, a knowledge-based approach and a data-based approach. Using the knowledge-based approach, a person (known as a knowledge engineer) interviews an expert in a given field to obtain the knowledge of the expert about the field of expertise of the expert. The knowledge engineer and expert first determine the distinctions of the world that are important for decision making in the field of the expert. These distinctions correspond to the variables in the domain of interest. For example, if a decision graph is to be used to predict the age of a customer based on the products that customer bought in a store, there would be a variable for �age� and a variable for all relevant products. The knowledge engineer and the expert next determine the structure of the decision graph and the corresponding parameter values that quantify the conditional probability distribution.
In the data-based approach, the knowledge engineer and the expert first determine the variables of the domain. Next, data is accumulated for those variables, and an algorithm is applied that creates one or more decision graphs from this data. The accumulated data comes from real world instances of the domain. That is, real world instances of decision making in a given field.
Typically, the data-based approach is more commonly utilized from a general stand point. Over the last few years, however, the sizes of these databases have been exponentially increasing as the ability to gather data more efficiently increases. This has produced enormous databases that take immense amounts of time to analyze, despite the ever-increasing speeds gained in computer processing technology and storage access techniques.
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The present invention relates generally to data modeling and analysis, and more particularly to utilizing a Bayesian network comprising complete tables, to create a Bayesian-network model (or pattern) containing decision trees. According to an aspect of the invention, edges in a Bayesian network with complete tables can be reversed to facilitate correction of edges added to that network. For example, a Bayesian network can be learned with complete tables as distributions, where the learning algorithm utilizes a search algorithm that can reverse edges. A resulting directed acyclic graph (DAG) can be employed to restrict a Bayes' net learning algorithm that uses decision trees as the local distribution. According to this aspect, the partial order of the complete-table DAG is respected in the DAG that results from the decision tree and/or complete table search. In this manner, if a direct path exists from X to Y in the complete-table DAG, then splits on Y in X's tree can be prohibited.
According to another aspect of the invention, edges in a Bayes' net with complete tables can be evaluated to assess a score associate therewith. Such score can be indicative of the degree of dependence between nodes connected by the edge. Alternate node/edge arrangements can be considered, and a determination can be made regarding whether the existing edge has the best possible score. If edge score can be improved, then the existing edge can be manipulated (e.g., reversed, removed and replaced with a new edge, etc.) to achieve the increased score. In this manner, the invention can ensure that the Bayes' net has a good ordering.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects of the invention are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention can be employed and the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and novel features of the invention can become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
The present invention is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It can be evident, however, that the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing the present invention.
As used in this application, the term �computer component� is intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a computer component can be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a server and the server can be a computer component. One or more computer components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. It is to be appreciated that a model, network, query engine, user interface, comparator, model (or pattern) as described herein can be computer components.
The present invention facilitates learning Bayesian networks from data, which involves searching for a structure of a model (e.g. the DAG) that best represents the independencies in the data. A Bayesian network comprises a DAG and a corresponding set of local distributions, the set of local distributions collectively define a joint distribution in which independence constraints implied by the DAG are all respected. For example, when each local distribution p(X|parents) is a complete table (e.g. we have a separate distribution p(X|parents=parent_values) for all possible values of parent_values) typical search procedures can consider adding, deleting, and reversing edges.
When local distributions are decision trees, the search problem can be more difficult. Whenever a decision tree for some target T contains a split on a variable R, R will be a parent of T in the DAG. In such a scenario, and in contrast to complete-table distributions, the set of parents of a node do not uniquely identify the local distribution for that node. Thus, the search algorithm can also search for the �sub-structure� of the distribution (e.g, the structure of the tree, etc.).
In many cases, the quality of a learned model is dependent on deriving a correct partial order in the DAG. For example, if the structure X→Y←Z is learned, such model structure can be superior to X→Y→Z, X→Z because it encodes the marginal independence of X and Z. When local distributions are complete tables, a search operator can reverse the direction of an edge. In this manner, if an algorithm initially incorrectly applies the direction of an edge, it can correct for this mistake later. In the example above, if a greedy algorithm starts with an empty network, the score of adding X→Y will be the same as adding Y→X because the models X→Y Z and X←Y Z encode the same independence constraints. Assuming both of these operators are the best, a greedy algorithm will choose between them arbitrarily. If the optimal model is X→Y←Z, the algorithm can recover from adding X←Y by reversing it later. As mentioned above, if equivalent classes of DAGs are utilized in conjunction with appropriate operators, then the algorithm can recover from any such errors.
When the local distributions are trees, however, conventional systems and methods do not provide for a well-defined notion of edge-reversal. Reversing an edge X→Y comprises (1) deleting X as a parent of Y, and (2) adding Y as a parent of X. Deleting X as a parent of Y comprises eliminating any split on X in the decision tree for Y. If there are other splits subordinate to splits on X, then such elimination can eliminate other parents as well. Furthermore, �adding Y as a parent of X� is not well defined for a decision-tree distribution using convention systems and/or methods: rather a split on Y in the tree for X is necessary.
As a result of the above-mentioned shortcomings, traditional search operators for learning Bayes' nets with decision-tree distributions typically consider adding splits to trees; such an operator will either add an edge to the DAG if it is a new parent, or add no edge to the DAG if there already existed a split on that parent. Unfortunately, because traditional systems only add edges, recovery from adding an edge in a wrong direction is not possible using such conventional systems. Furthermore, as in the complete-table case, the choice between the direction of the edge (e.g. splitting on X in Y's tree or splitting on Y in X's tree, etc.) can be arbitrary in the early stages of greedy search.
The present invention facilitates learning Bayesian networks with decision trees while mitigating many of the difficulties mentioned above. For example, a Bayesian network can be learned with complete tables in the distributions, using a search algorithm that can reverse edges. A resulting DAG can be employed to restrict a decision-tree search algorithm. In particular, the systems and methods of the present invention can require that the partial order of the complete-table DAG be respected in the DAG that results from the decision-tree search. In other words, if there is a directed path from X to Y in the complete-table DAG, splits on Y in X's tree can be prohibited.
The arcs in a Bayesian network convey dependence between nodes. When there is an arc between two nodes, the probability distribution of the first node depends upon the value of the second node when the direction of the arc points from the second node to the first node. For example, node 106 depends upon node 102. Therefore, nodes 102 and 106 are said to be conditionally dependent. Missing arcs in a Bayesian network convey conditional independencies. For example, node 102 and node 110 are conditionally independent given node 106. However, two variables indirectly connected through intermediate variables are conditionally dependent given lack of knowledge of the values (�states�) of the intermediate variables. Therefore, if the value for node 106 is known, node 102 and node 110 are conditionally dependent.
In other words, sets of variables X and Y are said to be conditionally independent, given a set of variables Z, if the probability distribution for X given Z does not depend on Y. If Z is empty, however, X and Y are said to be �independent� as opposed to �conditionally independent.� If X and Y are not conditionally independent, given Z, then X and Y are said to be conditionally dependent given Z.
The variables used for each node can be of different types. Specifically, variables may be of two types: discrete or continuous. A discrete variable is a variable that has a finite or countable number of states, whereas a continuous variable is a variable that has an infinite number of states. An example of a discrete variable is a Boolean variable. Such a variable can assume only one of two states: �true� or �false.� An example of a continuous variable is a variable that may assume any real value between −1 and 1. Discrete variables have an associated probability distribution. Continuous variables, however, have an associated probability density function (�density�). Where an event is a set of possible outcomes, the density p(x) for a variable �x� and events �a� and �b� is defined as:
The constructor 202 can comprise a processor (not shown) that can facilitate analysis of data set(s), DAGs, Bayes' nets, etc. Furthermore, the processor can employ artificial intelligence techniques in order to facilitate inferring, for example, potential arrangements of edges in a Bayesian network. As used herein, the term �inference� refers generally to the process of reasoning about or inferring states of the system, environment, and/or user from a set of observations as captured via events and/or data. Inference can be employed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states, for example. The inference can be probabilistic�that is, the computation of a probability distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inference results in the construction of new events or actions from a set of observed events and/or stored event data, whether or not the events are correlated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and data come from one or several event and data sources. Various classification schemes and/or systems (e.g., support vector machines, neural networks, expert systems, Bayesian belief networks, fuzzy logic, data fusion engines, regression methods . . . ) can be employed in connection with performing automatic and/or inferred action in connection with the subject invention.
Although the present invention described herein emphasizes utilizing decision trees as the local distributions, it is to be appreciated that such emphasis is proffered to simplify explanation of the invention and that the present invention can be employed to facilitate construction and/or improvement of Bayesian networks comprising conditional distributions other than decision trees. For example, conditional distributions can be neural networks, logistic/linear regression models, support vector machines (SVMs), and the like. Furthermore, the type of conditional distribution employed at one node can differ from the type of conditional distribution employed at another node. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art with regard to the aforementioned distribution types, learning algorithms require a feature-selection algorithm to identify relevant inputs to the distribution, which in turn define parents in a Bayesian network. Because splitting on a variable in a decision tree has the effect of selecting the variable from which the split originates as an input, traditional decision-tree learning algorithms perform feature selection automatically. The systems and methods disclosed herein facilitate an improved heuristic search algorithm for Bayesian networks that can overcome deficiencies of conventional methods. To this end, the present invention can enhance identification of a statistical model containing a set of SVM distributions that facilitates, for example, speech and/or handwriting recognition in a computer system, protein structure and/or sequence analysis, gene sequencing, etc. This list of potential applications is not exhaustive, but is exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any manner.
According to this aspect of the invention, as illustrated in
According to this example, if the structure Z→Y←X is learned, such model structure can be superior to, for example Z→Y→X, Z→X because it encodes the marginal independence of X and Z. When local distributions are complete tables, a search operator can reverse the direction of an edge to facilitate such a superior ordering or structure. In this manner, if an algorithm initially incorrectly applies the direction of an edge, it can correct for this mistake later. In the example above, if a greedy algorithm starts with an empty network, the score of adding X→Y will be the same as adding Y→X because the models X→Y Z and X←Y Z encode the same independence constraints. Assuming both of these operators are the best, a greedy algorithm will choose between them arbitrarily. If the optimal model is X→Y←Z, the algorithm can recover from adding X←Y by reversing it later. As mentioned above, if equivalent classes of DAGs are utilized in conjunction with appropriate operators, then the algorithm can recover from any such errors.
In view of the exemplary systems shown and described above, methodologies that can be implemented in accordance with the present invention will be better appreciated with reference to the flow charts of
The invention can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, executed by one or more components. Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, objects, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically the functionality of the program modules can be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.
The DAG can be employed to delineate boundaries for and/or restrictions on decision tree growth at 608. For example, if the DAG for the complete-table Bayes' net comprises a direct path from X to Y, splits on Y in X's tree in a decision-tree Bayes' net can be prohibited. In this manner, an ordering derived from the complete-table Bayes' net can be applied as a constraint on decision tree growth, such that a high-quality approximation of the ordering can be achieved by the complete-table Bayes' net, and can be subsequently fine-tuned in order to grow decision tree(s) as local distributions within a Bayesian network. At 610, a decision trees can be grown that respect the partial ordering defined by the complete-table DAG in order to construct a new Bayes' net that utilizes the decision trees in local distributions.
If considerations at 706 indicate that an edge score can be increased, then such considerations can be followed at 708, where the low-scoring edge can be removed and replaced, reversed, etc., in order to improve the score of the particular edge, thus facilitating a good ordering for the statistical model. When the edge has been manipulated to achieve the higher edge score, the method can revert to 704 for further potential iterations of the methodology. In this manner, the methodology 700 can employ feedback/feed-forward loop(s) to permit iterative edge replacement and/or adjustment to realize an optimal ordering of vertices in a data table. Additionally, if it is determined at 706 that edge scores cannot be improved (e.g., extant edges exhibit higher probabilities of correctness than other potential arrangements, etc.), the method can proceed to 710 where a Bayesian Network can be learned via decision tree growth based at least in part on the partial ordering obtained from the Bayes' net with complete data tables. Upon learning the Bayes' net with optimal decision trees, the Bayes' net can be output at 712. Thus, the methodology 700 can manipulate edges in a Bayes' net with complete data tables in order to facilitate identifying orderings that permit a higher-scoring model to be learned, which in turn facilitates an improved decision-tree Bayes' net to be learned.
In order to provide additional context for implementing various aspects of the present invention,
As used in this application, the term �component� is intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and a computer. By way of illustration, an application running on a server and/or the server can be a component. In addition, a component can comprise one or more subcomponents.
With reference to
The system bus 808 can be any of several types of bus structure including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of conventional bus architectures such as PCI, VESA, Microchannel, ISA, and EISA, to name a few. The system memory 806 comprises read only memory (ROM) 810 and random access memory (RAM) 812. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 814, containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 802, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 810.
The computer 802 also can comprise, for example, a hard disk drive 816, a magnetic disk drive 818, e.g., to read from or write to a removable disk 820, and an optical disk drive 822, e.g., for reading from or writing to a CD-ROM disk 824 or other optical media. The hard disk drive 816, magnetic disk drive 818, and optical disk drive 822 are connected to the system bus 808 by a hard disk drive interface 826, a magnetic disk drive interface 828, and an optical drive interface 830, respectively. The drives 816-822 and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, etc. for the computer 802. Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk and a CD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of media which are readable by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the exemplary operating environment 800, and further that any such media can contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods of the present invention.
A number of program modules can be stored in the drives 816-822 and RAM 812, including an operating system 832, one or more application programs 834, other program modules 836, and program data 838. The operating system 832 can be any suitable operating system or combination of operating systems. By way of example, the application programs 834 and program modules 836 can comprise a model (or pattern) and/or a dependency network that utilizes a data set in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. Additionally, the program data 838 can comprise input data from which a model (or pattern) is generated and/or on which a query is performed in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
A user can enter commands and information into the computer 802 through one or more user input devices, such as a keyboard 840 and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse 842). Other input devices (not shown) can comprise a microphone, a joystick, a game pad, a satellite dish, wireless remote, a scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 804 through a serial port interface 844 that is coupled to the system bus 808, but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, a game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 846 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 808 via an interface, such as a video adapter 848. In addition to the monitor 846, the computer 802 can comprise other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.
It is to be appreciated that the computer 802 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers 860. The remote computer 860 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a peer device or other common network node, and typically comprises many or all of the elements described relative to the computer 802, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory storage device 862 is illustrated in
When used in a LAN networking environment, for example, the computer 802 is connected to the local network 864 through a network interface or adapter 868. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 802 typically comprises a modem (e.g., telephone, DSL, cable, etc.) 870, or is connected to a communications server on the LAN, or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 866, such as the Internet. The modem 870, which can be internal or external relative to the computer 802, is connected to the system bus 808 via the serial port interface 844. In a networked environment, program modules (including application programs 834) and/or program data 838 can be stored in the remote memory storage device 862. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means (e.g., wired or wireless) of establishing a communications link between the computers 802 and 860 can be used when carrying out an aspect of the present invention.
In accordance with the practices of persons skilled in the art of computer programming, the present invention has been described with reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations that are performed by a computer, such as the computer 802 or remote computer 860, unless otherwise indicated. Such acts and operations are sometimes referred to as being computer-executed. It will be appreciated that the acts and symbolically represented operations comprise the manipulation by the processing unit 804 of electrical signals representing data bits which causes a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical signal representation, and the maintenance of data bits at memory locations in the memory system (including the system memory 806, hard drive 816, floppy disks 820, CD-ROM 824, and remote memory 862) to thereby reconfigure or otherwise alter the computer system's operation, as well as other processing of signals. The memory locations where such data bits are maintained are physical locations that have particular electrical, magnetic, or optical properties corresponding to the data bits.
It is to be appreciated that the apparatus, systems and/or methods of the present invention can be utilized in an overall power conservation scheme facilitating computer components and non-computer related components alike. Further, those skilled in the art will recognize that the apparatus, systems and/or methods of the present invention can be employed in a vast array of electronic related technologies, including, but not limited to, computers, servers and/or handheld electronic devices and the like.
What has been described above comprises examples of the present invention. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the present invention, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the present invention are possible. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term �includes� is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term �comprising� as �comprising� is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
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Obituary - James J. Rotunno
James J. Rotunno died on April 6, 2010. He was a lifelong resident of Glen Cove for 79 years. He was born on Dec. 10, 1930. He was a retired veteran of the Korean War and the recipient of the Purple Heart. He was a member of the 2nd Division, 23rd Infantry Regiment, B Company. James also received many other commendations, medals and badges to commemorate his combat actions in North Korea.
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Obituary - Angelo R. D'Avino
Angelo R. D'Avino, of Sea Cliff, died on April 5, 2010. Husband and best friend of Wendy. Father of Richard Davino (Deborah Frank) and Katharine Boyle (David). Grandfather of Maxwell and Rebecca Davino. Brother-in-law of Tess Davino and many nieces and nephews.
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Obituary - Alkmini Bitsis
Alkmini Bitsis died on April 2, 2010 at age 80. Sister of the late Thalia (Angelo Joumpas) of Glen Cove and the late Julia (Costa Licopoulos). Cousin of Kleoniki Werthmuller (Theodore). Also survived by Amalia Bitsis and nieces and nephews. Arrangements made by Dodge-Thomas Funeral Home, Glen Cove. Service officiated by Fr. John Vlahos of the Greek Orthodox Church of Holy Resurrection. Interment East Hillside Cemetery.
Obituary: Carol C. Mays
Carol C. Mays
Carol C. Mays, of Glen Cove, formerly of Manhasset, died on April 6, 2010. Wife of Clifford. Mother of William, Gordon (Jillian), Mary-Allison and Clifford (Irene). Grandmother of seven. The family will receive friends Friday from 3 to 5 and 7 to 9 p.m. at the McLaughlin Kramer Megiel Funeral Home, 220 Glen St., Glen Cove. Funeral Mass at the Church of St. Patrick Saturday at 9:45 a.m. Interment Holy Rood Cemetery.
Obituary: Michael A. Broccoli
Michael A. Broccoli
Michael A. Broccoli, of Bayside, died on April 5, 2010. Son of the late Anthony and Pasqualina. Also survived by aunts, uncles and cousins. The family will receive friends Friday from 3 to 5 and 7 to 9 p.m. at the McLaughlin Kramer Megiel Funeral Home, 220 Glen St., Glen Cove. Funeral Mass at the Church of St. Hyacinth Saturday at 12:45 p.m. Interment Locust Valley Cemetery.
Obituary: Michael Ciampi
Michael Ciampi
Michael Ciampi, of Glen Head, died on April 1, 2010. Son of the late Joseph and Genevive. Brother of Carmen, Anna Familette, Louis, Philip, Nunzio, Angelo and Rose Drwal and the late Anthony, Albert, Joseph, Angie and Lily Fling. He is also survived by Eugene and Lucia Grella and their children, Maria and Alberico. Arrangements were made by the Whitting Funeral Home, Glen Head. Funeral Mass Thursday at 9:30 a.m. at the Church of St. Rocco, Glen Cove. Interment V.A. National Cemetery, Calverton.
Obituary: Felix Osman
Felix Osman
Felix "Bud" Osmanm of Glen Head, died on March 31, 2010. He was aWWII veteran serving with the U.S. Navy in the Pacific Theater. Long time employee of NY Telephone and basketball referee. Husband of Ann. Father of Philip (Jane), Christopher (Pam) and Andrew (Frances). Grandfather of Otis, C.J., Emily, Alexandra, Danielle, Jonathan, Angela and Derek. Also survived by many nieces and nephews. Arrangements were made by the Whitting Funeral Home, Glen Head. Funeral Mass at St. Hyacinth Church. Interment Long Island National Cemetery, Pinelawn. Contributions may be made to the North Shore High School for the Felix Osman Athletic Scholarship.
Obituary: Daphne Rose
Daphne Rose
Daphne Rose, of Locust Valley, died peacefully on March 31, 2010 at age 79. Mother to Jamie and Jennifer, Step-mother to Peter and grandmother to Shelby, Drew, Eliza, Faith and Amy. A woman of grace and unparalleled style, she will be missed, yet never forgotten. Arrangements made by Dodge-Thomas Funeral Home, Glen Cove. Service and interment private. In lieu of flowers, plant a rose.
Obituary: Peter J. Adesso
Peter J. Adesso
Peter J. Adesso, of Glen Cove, died on March 30, 2010. Husband of the late Marie. Brother of the late Victor Adesso and brother-in-law of Jennie Adesso. Also survived by many nieces and nephews. Arrangements were made by the Whitting Funeral Home, Glen Head. Funeral Mass was held on April 2 at the Church of St. Rocco. Interment followed at Holy Rood Cemetery. Remembrances in Peter's name may be made to the Glen Cove Senior Center, 130 Glen St., Glen Cove, New York 11542.
Obituary: Christina M. Kines
Christina M. Kines
Christina M. Kines, of Glen Head, died on March 29, 2010 at age 56. Wife of George W. Mother of Marisa, Matthew and Kimberly. Daughter of Rosa and Frank Garofalo. Sister of Stephen Garofalo and Marie Batista. Visitation at the Funeral Home of Dodge-Thomas, Glen Cove. Catholic blessing at St. Dominic RC Church. Interment Locust Valley Cemetery. In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to the Lymphoma Foundation, PO Box 286236, New York, NY 10128. For further info go to www.dodgethomas.com
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Peter Murphy - Grand Central, Miami - August 5
By Crossfade
Pretty Tony Came Up with Freestyle Music
By Jacob Katel
Six Best Club Parties in Miami This Week
By Laurie Charles
Photos: Gathering of the Juggalos 2014
By Nate "Igor" Smith
Churchill's Vinyl Solutions: "Our Ears Are Open!"
By Abel Folgar
By Kat Bein
Haiti's Michael Brun Talks EDM Stardom and Label
By Jacob Katel
Though cuts like "Conga Madness" on UK producers Zero dB's Bongos, Bleeps & Basslines boast plenty of the obvious an explosive conglomeration of organic-sounding world percussion there are still moments that draw on Ninja Tune's rich history of oddities. The avant-jazz workouts on "Know What I'm Sayin'?" serve almost as scratches between the rhymes of welcome guest MC Pase Rock of Five Deez; his flow is well at home against standup bass twiddling, crazed sax bursts, and piano keys that enter and retreat in the distance à la jazz cutup Ninja Tuners Skalpel. Bongos offers consistent surprises like those. With only a couple of numbers that slip into smoky downtempo beats, Zero dB's main focus is evident in its fuzzed bass-rumbling melodies, sampling, and snare brushes that appear to be miked in a poorly lit jazz bar. There's a wealth of spirited booze music to be absorbed here. Dominic Umile


text:
Watch Hey Arnold! Online
Watch Hey Arnold! Season 5 Episode 3
- Name: Sid the Vampire Slayer / Big Sis
- Air Date: 18 Apr 00
- Views: 271
- Summary
- Hey Arnold! IMDB Show Information
- Hey Arnold! at TV.com
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Hey Arnold! Reviews and RecapsWe were unable to find any reviews for this TV Show.
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This is not the iPad Pro [Video]
A few weeks ago, folks were all too quick to claim that the photo above, found on Apple's website, accidentally revealed a heretofore unannounced larger screened iPad Pro. In truth, the photo is nothing more than a MacBook Pro shot at just the right angle.
That said, it's only fair that we warn you that this video depicting a larger sized iPad Pro is also not authentic.
Subscribe to Newsletter
Software Updatesmore updates
- Vizzywig 8xHD price tag now a very affordable $49.99
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- iOS 8.0.1 update now available (Updated -- Don't update!)
- NFL Mobile updated for 2014 Season with new Fantasy Football features, NFL Now integration


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Ketchikan Gateway Borough, AK > Health and Wellness > Dentistry > Pediatric Dentists
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In a 2004 interview, Liza Minnelli said, I feel like I haven't done my best work yet. I feel like there's a world of possibilities out there. Perhaps shes exploring some of those possibilities in this new act, which features numerous Liza classics as well as a tribute to her godmother Kay Thompson. Musical supervisor Billy Stritch strikes up the band.
Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays, Saturdays, 8 p.m.; Sundays, 3 p.m. Starts: Dec. 3. Continues through Jan. 4, 2008


text:
|19 Jan 2010
Security Advisory 979352 Going out of Band
We wanted to provide a quick update on the threat landscape and announce that we will release a security update out-of-band to help protect customers from this vulnerability.
Based on our comprehensive monitoring of the threat landscape we continue to see very limited, and in some cases, targeted attacks. To date, the only successful attacks that we are aware of have been against Internet Explorer 6. We continue to recommend customers upgrade to Internet Explorer 8 to benefit from the improved security protection it offers. We also recommend customers consider deploying the workarounds and mitigations provided in Security Advisory 979352.
Given the significant level of attention this issue has generated, confusion about what customers can do to protect themselves and the escalating threat environment Microsoft will release a security update out-of-band for this vulnerability.
We take the decision to go out-of-band very seriously given the impact to customers, but we believe releasing an update out-of-band update is the right decision at this time. We will provide the specific timing of the release tomorrow.
As always, were continuing to investigate this situation, so customers should look for the latest updates here on the Microsoft Security Response Center blog.
Thank you,
George Stathakopoulos
General Manager
Trustworthy Computing Security
*This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights*
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Tap 42 Announces Second Location in Boca
By Nicole Danna
Credit Card Breach at P.F. Chang's in Palm Beach
By David Minsky
Myapapaya's Dreamy Greeny is the Best
By Sara Ventiera
Photos: Bull Market in Ft. Lauderdale
By Candace West
Coconut Water May Not Be All It's Cracked Up to Be
By Sara Ventiera
National Tequila Day is July 24, Six Drinks to Try
By Nicole Danna
Top Three Sriracha-Flavored Foods
By Sara Ventiera
El Bohio Offers Cuban, American Cuisine in Lantana
By Nicole Danna
They don't call him P-Rock for nothing. No, it's not because he won that "The Rock" look-alike contest last year when the wrestler formerly known as Dwayne Johnson threw out the first pitch at a Marlins game. It's that body. Though he tips the scales at a modest 213 pounds, it is all muscle, as ex-skipper John Boles discovered last May when he tried to restrain an irate Wilson from getting in an umpire's face. "My goodness, is he strong," Boles told reporters after the game. "I got his arm, and he moved me out of the way quickly. If he wanted to [reach the umpire], I certainly couldn't have stopped him.... We needed to call in the militia." Wilson also showed his internal strength last year, returning from injury and the heart-wrenching death of his newborn son to finish the season on a hot streak, reaching the 20-20 (home runs-stolen bases) plateau for the second time in his young career. Look for him to take another step toward stardom this season.


text:
Generic picture of coffee lest Starbucks get snippy with any parodies of its stupid logo...Better stop buying your Frappuccinos and whatever other drinks Starbucks brews--your hard-earned cash just might be going to the legal defense of a former barista criminally convicted of statutory rape. In ... More >>
Bishop Brown Escapes OC Court Date, But Now he Must Reckon with Monterey
Today, Judge Gail Andler refused to dismiss a contempt-of-court motion filed against Diocese of Orange Bishop Tod D. Brown by his longtime nemesis, John Manly for the recently settled Jeff Andrade case. Read more about the hearing in this Thursday's issue of the paper--for this post, I'll discuss a ... More >>
Who's Telling the Truth in Mater Dei's Latest Sex-Abuse Trial: Its President, the School's Legendary Basketball Coach, or the OC Weekly?
Catholic Church Leaders Protect Mater Dei Coach from Deposition
Gary McKnight built an athletic empire at Mater Dei. Will his role in a pedophiles return to campus destroy it?


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Darrell Hampton "Papa Smurf" Cook, 77, of Stafford County died Thursday, April 19, 2012, at Mary Washington Hospital.
Mr. Cook had retired from the U.S. Marine Corps. He then worked for Autometric Inc. for 10 years and Stafford County public schools for seven years.
Survivors include his wife, Ginger Cook; children Donna Marie Cook of Houston, Darrell Hampton Cook Jr. and his wife, Terri, of Stafford, Dennis Michael Cook and his wife, Jackie, of Stafford and Detra Hope Cook Seckinger and her husband, Stephen, of Valdosta, Ga.; sister Detra Jones of Chesapeake; and seven grandchildren, Danny Matthew Cook, Scott Johnson, Brandon Cook, Courtney Manweiler, and Jacque, Summer and Tyler Seckinger.
He was preceded in death by his parents, Wade and Nancy Cook; son Danny Matthew Cook; and granddaughter Brooke Leigh Mullarkay.
The family will receive friends from 5 to 7 p.m. Saturday, April 21, at Covenant Funeral Service, Stafford.
A service will be held at
Memorials may be made to the Alzheimer's Association, 2217 Princess Anne St., Suite 106-1F, Fredericksburg, Va. 22401; or to the American Diabetes Association, Box 11454, Alexandria, Va. 22312.
Online guest book is at covenantfuneralservice.com.


text:
The very best tech you can buy for $150 or less
Summary: Buying tech on a budget? These 17 gadgets are the very best for $150 or less -- from speakers to streamers, coffee machines and computer peripherals.
8 of 17Image
Sony MDR-7506
Some prefer the smaller, in-ear headphones. Forget them, particularly if you're after superior sound with a retro feel. With a light coiled wire and a thick, padded ear comforter, the sound is unspeakably good — and for under a hundred bucks, no less. They've been around since the early-1990s, but these headphones still know how to kick out some seriously good sound. Though, if you're after some headphones you can make calls on, you might want to move along and keep looking.
Lowest available price: $84.95
CNET Review: Sony MDR-7506
Image: Amazon
Amazon Kindle (Wi-Fi)
Amazon's Kindle remains one of the best -- if not the best -- tablets for reading e-books on the go. With a crisp monochrome e-ink screen, it's a delight to read from your hundreds of e-books range. The battery alone lasts for weeks, and you can even download more books with a Wi-Fi connection thanks to its in-built connectivity. And for an extra $30, you can rid your e-reading experience from the annoying ads that subsidize the low-cost device.
Lowest available price: $79.00
CNET Review: Amazon Kindle (2011)
Image: Amazon
Seagate Slim
Not everyone's laptop has enough storage to last them very long, particularly if they're a heavy video user, iTunes downloader, or game player. One of the best portable hard drives on the market for the sub-$100 price point is the Seagate Slim, which offers 500GB of storage and works with both Windows and Mac machines. Thanks to its USB 3.0 connectivity, its data transfer rates are faster than you'd expect.
Lowest available price: $59.99
CNET Review: Seagate Slim
Image: Seagate
Kick off your day with ZDNet's daily email newsletter. It's the freshest tech news and opinion, served hot. Get it.


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A network of NCTE, CCCC, and TYCA volunteers track state policy developments impacting English language arts,
English studies, literacy, and the humanities. These volunteers, one covering P12 education and one covering
higher education in each state, provide other members with analyzed information about state policies. With this
knowledge, educators can better participate in the policymaking process that affects them, their students, their
institutions, and their communities.
View All Reports in Chronological Order of Submission
You can view a list of current Policy Analysts here.
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text:
Volunteers in Police Service (VIPS)
Goodyear Police Department Volunteer Program
Rose Beals
Volunteer Coordinator
Office Location
14455 W. Van Buren St. Suite E101
Goodyear, AZ 85338
Phone Numbers
The Volunteer Program
The Volunteer Program at the Goodyear Police Department is for citizens who wish to volunteer their time and skills to augment the Police Department's capabilities in providing law enforcement service to the community. There are several opportunities to Volunteer with Patrol Services, Administrative Services and with the YANA (You Are Not Alone) program.
We model our efforts at Goodyear PD after the National VIPS Program.
Our Volunteers assist in many ways throughout the Department such as: traffic control, vacation watches, routine visible patrol in neighborhoods, businesses and schools, parking violations, participate with community events, data entry, front window assistance, and calls/visits to our YANA members, to just name a few.


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US $52500-68800 / Set ( FOB Price)
1 Set (Min. Order)
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Verified Supplier - Yuchai Dongte Special Purpose Automobile Co., Ltd.
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In This Section
Journal Forum
Reflecting on Reflections - June 2014
1 comment
Quiet Thoughts on a Deafening Problem - May 2014
1 comment
Perceptual Effects of Dynamic Range Compression in Popular Music Recordings - January 2014
5 comments
AES Member Profile
Christopher Hummersone
Audio Field:
- Educational Institutions - Educator
Job Duties:
- Educator
- DSP Engineer
- Researcher
I graduated from the Tonmeister course at the University of Surrey in June 2007 and joined the IoSR, University of Surrey, as a research student in October 2007. I completed my thesis, entitled "A Psychoacoustic Engineering Approach to Machine Sound Source Separation in Reverberant Environments", in September 2010 and joined the IoSR as a lecturer in October 2010. My research interests include modelling the precedence effect and binaural localisation, sound source separation, and computational auditory scene analysis. My teaching duties include Technical Ear Training and Audio Research Seminars. In my spare time I enjoy playing the saxophone, cycling and running, having completed the Flora London Marathon in 2007.
AES Member Profiles
If you are an AES member and would like to create your own AES member profile like this one then click here.


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So you're running a marathon? Here's what you'll need
Expert tips and gear that will get you through a marathon chafe-free, and still standing
Review: Boulevard Kitchen & Oyster Bar, Alex Chen's new seafood eatery
A new seafood-focused joint in the downtown core brings a local focus.
Recently opened: Wolf in the Fog, a Tofino restaurant true to its locale
Laid back and very West Coast
How to share office space: six tips
Don't be shy with the perfume or cologne—a heavy fragrance helps to mark your territory in shared spaces
Winter is coming. That doesn't mean your suit can't stay summery
The skies over Vancouver have once again turned grey and drab. There's no reason your wardrobe should follow suit
Sequoia Company of Restaurants
For a memorable experience, plan your next event at one of these two iconic Vancouver restaurants.
Acclaimed Vancouver chef David Hawksworth readies a new restaurant
Hawksworth is extending his brand with a new scholarship program—and a new eatery
Modo and Victoria Car Share to merge
Expect more cars, new technology and a higher profile for the Victoria car-share market
An Enriching Educational Environment
B.C.'s independent schools offer students unique programs, personalized attention and innovative learning practices
Top 6 ways to dress for success
From sky-high heels to one-upping your boss's outfits, looks that will get you ahead.
Review: My Shanti
Vikram Vij takes it to the burbs


text:
Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
Today's Horoscope
MOON ALERT Not until 1:15 p.m. do we have the all clear to do business and make important decisions. The full moon in Aquarius peaks at 1:15 p.m.
ARIES (March 21-April 19)
The full moon will make people be emotionally over-the-top. Forewarned is forearmed. Issues about children, romance, family and the home might seem important. Tread carefully. On the upside, you're super enthusiastic about something.
TAURUS (April 20-May 20)
The full moon might create tension at home with authority figures, but you're gung ho to communicate to others. You feel positive and upbeat about something, which is why you want to give it 100 per cent. It's a strong day for those who sell, market, teach, act or write.
GEMINI (May 21-June 20)
This is a mildly accident-prone time for you so pay attention to everything you say and do. Don't jump the gun. Don't move too quickly or speak without thinking. Financial issues make you happy. You feel rich now or pleased at the prospect of getting richer.
CANCER (June 21-July 22)
Naturally you will feel the full moon's energy because the moon is your ruler. You might feel torn between your financial rights versus the financial obligations of someone else. Fortunately, this is overshadowed by your enthusiasm. With Mars and Jupiter lined up in your sign, you're pumped!
LEO (July 23-Aug. 22)
Generally there is only one full moon opposite your sign each year, but this year, lucky you, it happens twice. (Gulp.) Now is the first time and Aug. 20 is the second. This might create tension with others. Fortunately, with so much good stuff going on behind the scenes, do you care?
VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22)
You are so involved with group activities you might not mind the underlying tension of the full moon. Others are ready to endorse you and vice versa. You can rally your troops with flair and aplomb.
LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 22)
You're going for the brass ring because you feel ambitious and confident. You're willing to gamble on something because you feel lucky. Use skilful means dealing with friends and groups because the full moon could stir up some problems.
SCORPIO (Oct. 23-Nov. 21)
The full moon can trigger tension with parents, bosses and authority figures. You might feel pulled between the demands of home and family versus the demands of career and public reputation. However, travel plans are thrilling. Publishing and education also look fabulous.
SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21)
A mild accident-prone influence exists because of the full moon, but you can sidestep this if you remain calm and patient. You can benefit from the wealth and resources of others. It's a good day to negotiate a loan or mortgage. (Hot day for sex as well.)
CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19)
Financial issues might come to a head between you and others, especially about shared property or disputes about debt and who owns what. These will quickly be resolved. Meanwhile, relations with others are super upbeat and enthusiastic. It's a great day to schmooze.
AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18)
A curious thing indeed: the full moon is in your sign and you will have another full moon in your sign on Aug. 20. Very rare. Regrettably, this can create tension with others, but you are so enthusiastic about things at work, you're on a roll.
PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20)
This is a playful, fun-loving day. You will excel at sports and anything related to show business, the entertainment world, the arts and working or playing with children. You feel exuberant, enthused and raring to go. Get as much physical activity as you can.
Singer/songwriter Don Henley (1947) shares your birthday. You have style and class, which is a good thing because you are success-oriented. (You know how to impress.) You are also courageous and not afraid of obstacles and misfortune. Even if your career has ups and downs, you persevere. This is why you succeed in life. Good news: This year might be one of the most powerful years of your life. Dream big!
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition July 22, 2013 D4
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text:
Honoring Hometown Heroes
(Las Vegas, NV) — It's a day to say "thank you" to those who protect and serve.
Man Dies Leaving Electric Daisy Carnival
The Clark County Coroner has identified the man as 24-year-old Montgomery Tsang. According to a friend, Tsang collapsed in the parking lot of the Las Vegas Motor Speedway
Joe's Journal: More Than Protect and Serve
To Serve and Protect….and come home alive.
Metro Investigated Cop Killers Previously
Police had 3 separate interactions with suspects prior to shooting
Community Mourns Officers and Civilian Killed
Hundreds attend vigil to pay respects to fallen Metro officers and civilian
"Domestic Terrorists" Celebrate At Bundy Ranch
Nevada rancher Cliven Bundy celebrated what many of his supporters called a "victory" in the ongoing battle with the Bureau of Land Management.
UNLV Football Ineligible For Bowl Game
The Rebels fell short of meeting minimum NCAA academic progress standards.
Dates Set For Life Is Beautiful Festival
(Las Vegas, KXNT)- The second annual Life is Beautiful festival has its official dates set for 2014. The urban festival will be held in Downtown Las Vegas from October 24-26. Last year, 60-thousand people attended […]
Future Looks Bright For Wranglers
Las Vegas Wranglers close to finding new arena to call home
Dangerous Intersection Makeover
(Las Vegas, KXNT)- Residents in southwest Las Vegas woke up to some great news on Monday morning. After months of pushing for change, their request for a traffic signal at Blue Diamond Road and Cimarron […]


text:
I'm upset with myself about this one. I don't remember why I bought this food, but it was probably because it was on sale. I didn't look at the label until over half the food was gone and I was unhappy with what I saw. This oversight bothers me far more than when I lost my notes on a seven brand backlog of food reviews (which was the main reason it took me so long to get back to these). I really regret feeding Ebon this food, and I'll get into why as I go. Anyway, let's begin:
Purina Pro Plan Focus Large Breed Formula
Dog Food Advisor Rating: ★★½ This food is AAFCO approved for adult maintenance.*
Ingredients: Chicken, brewers rice, whole grain wheat, corn gluten meal, whole grain corn, poultry by-product meal (natural source of glucosamine), animal fat preserved with mixed-tocopherols (form of Vitamin E), barley, corn germ meal, fish meal (natural source of glucosamine), animal digest, fish oil, wheat bran, dried egg product, calcium phosphate, salt, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, Vitamin E supplement, choline chloride, L-Lysine monohydrochloride, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (source of Vitamin C), manganese sulfate, niacin, Vitamin A supplement, calcium carbonate, copper sulfate, calcium pantothenate, garlic oil, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B-12 supplement, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin supplement, calcium iodate, Vitamin D-3 supplement, menadione sodium bisulfite complex (source of Vitamin K activity), folic acid, biotin, sodium selenite.
Items in italics will be discussed later.
Yes, I'm going to be talking about just about everything in this food.
Bag's recommended daily feeding for a dog 76-100 lbs: 3 3/4 to 4 1/2 cups
Crude Protein: minimum of 26.0%
Crude Fat: minimum of 12.0%
Crude Fiber: maximum of 4.5%
Moisture: maximum of 12.0%
Calorie content: 396 kcal/cup, 3732 kcal/kg
Calculated amount to maintain Ebon's ideal weight (82.5 lbs): 4.21 cups or 0.45 kg (0.99 lbs)
Price per pound when buying the largest bag (34 lbs at $41.99): $1.235
Estimated cost of feeding Ebon per year on this food: $446.27 (10.628 of the 34 lb bags)
Ebon receives slightly less than the calculated feeding amount to allow for his daily treats
Ebon's overall health on this food: Disappointing. Energy levels low. Digestion could have been worse, but wasn't great. Coat had more dandruff and shed more than normal.
The kibble is large and typically shaped and smells vaguely of meat. The lack of chelated minerals isn't exactly ideal as the chelated form allows the nutrients to be more easily absorbed by the animal's body. I am disappointed by the lack of probiotics/microorganisms. These help maintain healthy gut flora, allowing for better digestion.
The company boasts that "high-quality" chicken is the first ingredient. And while this may be true, that is followed by a lot of extremely questionable inclusions, including things that I NEVER want to see in foods. The ingredients list reeks of ingredient splitting, where a company will shuffle things around to be able to say "look at all the meat!" when there really isn't that much. In this case, chicken is followed by brewers rice, whole grain wheat, corn gluten meal, whole grain corn. These are all starchy grains and lumped together, due to their high placement on the ingredients list, this means the food is really mostly grain. And I'm not even including the other grain ingredients! Also, since corn gluten meal, whole grain corn, and corn germ meal are all listed instead of just "corn", it's likely the company wants to hide how much corn is actually in the food by shifting it down the list. This is classic ingredient splitting. Not only that, but corn gluten meal is a high protein plant product that brings the quality of the food's protein content into question. Plant proteins are not complete, lacking many essential amino acids that animals need to function. I don't like to see protein boosters such as this since Ebon has a history of not doing as well on foods with significant plant-based protein.
Even more troubling to me are poultry by-product meal, animal fat, fish meal, animal digest, fish oil. These are all unnamed ingredient sources, which I NEVER like seeing in a food. Though poultry and fish are at least provide the barest amount of specificity, "animal" is very concerning. This could literally be any animal and there has been evidence of roadkill, among other things, winding up in generic "animal" ingredients, which doesn't bode well for ingredient safety, let alone quality. One of my basic requirements for me to be comfortable with a food is that all of the ingredient sources are identified. It's not just fish, it's salmon. It's not just poultry, it's turkey. And it most definitely isn't just animal, it's beef or chicken or lamb or duck or venison or kangaroo or whatever. In addition to all of that, "animal digest" is not just a mishmash of who knows what, it is a coating sprayed on the exterior of the kibble to make it smell and taste more appetizing. The food should be appetizing on its own without the need for such tactics. Much like Hill's, there are very good reasons why I've written off Purina as a brand that just really can't make a truly good food.
What amazed me most about this food was Ebon's reduced energy levels. Since it's moderately high in protein he should have done fine on it, so I honestly chalked it up to aging. However, as soon as I started switching him to a food with an ingredients list that I am content with he really perked up. He is back to his old self, excitedly nudging me to get pets and gleefully galumphing after his favorite toy. He's still almost ten and he still doesn't have the endurance of his youth, but he doesn't need to lose his spirit too. Because he's getting older, the last thing he needs is crap food. You get out what you put in. I am not going to make this mistake again.
The first food Ebon ever ate after I brought him home was Purina One. He didn't do so great on that either, but I didn't really know the reasons behind it until I started learning about pet food quality. Seeing the changes since he's been on better foods are amazing. I keep seeing adds for the "Purina ONE 28 Day Challenge" and I can't help but think back to my glee at his improved health when we left Purina behind all of those years ago.
* Note that "Adult" is defined as ages one through six. Though Ebon will be ten years old in January, I do not feed him foods specifically formulated for seniors and I have no plans to begin doing so any time soon.
Thursday, October 23, 2014
Wednesday, October 8, 2014
Ebola: The Fine Line between Reasonable Concern and Needless Panic
|A colorized electron micrograph of the virion that causes Ebola viral disease.
These events have raised serious questions about what is the most widespread outbreak of the virus to date. According to the World Health Organization, it has caused more deaths and cases than all previous outbreaks combined. The CDC lists the last known numbers at 8033 cases (4461 confirmed) and 3865 deaths. This is is a death rate of between 48.11% and 86.64%, depending on what number of cases are used: the total based on symptoms or only the lab-confirmed cases. Generally, the death rate for this outbreak has been given as "around 70%." Statements such as that are rather terrifying, and it's no wonder people are getting scared. However, there is a great deal of difference between being concerned in the right way and just panicking at the statistics.
|Where Ebola viral disease has occurred
This is why the current outbreak is so concerning. It has spread wide and killed many, with no real sign that it's stopping. Borders have been closed to try and prevent spread to more countries. People in west Africa are scared, and they have reason to be. HOWEVER, there are major traits about the disease that, under certain circumstances, make it quite difficult to transmit. These points are very important to emphasize. People can only become infected if they come in direct contact with bodily fluids of someone who is symptomatic. Note: Someone is ONLY infectious if they are CURRENTLY SHOWING SYMPTOMS. So, for instance, since the man who was diagnosed in the United States started showing symptoms after he was already in the country, he posed no risk to the people who traveled near him on his way over.
|Researchers working with the 2014 Ebola variant
In west Africa, people have good reasons to be afraid. In the United States and other developed countries, the reason for concern is vastly lower. Sadly, I've already run across irrational panics and insane conspiracy theories (this one really takes the cake). Despite the death in the United States and the Spanish nurse who is now the first person to contract Ebola outside of Africa, the risks are not very big. We have the infrastructure that is lacking in so much of west Africa, which is why there have been infected people evacuated to their home countries for treatment. We can more easily prevent spread with quarantine laws, good facilities, and well-trained medical staff. This is the sort of thing that is needed oversees so that in the future widespread outbreaks can be prevented. It also wouldn't hurt if we could stop people from eating bushmeat, nipping the problem in the bud before it even starts.
The United States is now screening people who have flown in from countries where Ebola is active. This is not an unreasonable action, and is a step toward protecting US citizens. Unfortunately, it also means a big hassle if someone winds up sick with something less serious, but still has to deal with quarantine. The people at greatest risk of infection from Mr. Duncan have been quarantined, so with luck the number of future cases in this country will be few to none. I can only hope that Liberia, Sierra Leona, and Guinea will see a speedy end to the epidemic.
Sources are the WHO, CDC, and BBC (one, two, three, four, five, six). Images are from Wikimedia Commons under Creative Commons licenses or are copyright free: one, two, three.
Thursday, September 18, 2014
For Long-Time Readers
Those familiar with this blog will recognize some furry faces that haven't shown up for a while. I feel like I've kept you all out of the loop. I've featured a number of animals so far on the blog, and I must share an unfortunate update about two of them.
My brother's cat, Ashe, one of the sweetest little creatures I have met, was also quite sickly the last time I saw him. He was a tiny cat, believed to be a pseudo dwarf due to his small body and outsized ears and tail, giving him an eternally kittenish appearance. Though he had checked out okay with a vet, his appetite was poor for some time, turning him into a rather thin creature. After my brother moved away, Ashe's condition worsened. He limped along for a while on only one functioning kidney, but when the other failed in September of last year the decision was made that it was his time to go.
He was eighteen. He was a lap cat. I love lap cats.
As it so happened, a leak at my condo meant I was staying with my parents for a while and was present for the next set of events.
Albus, my parent's cat, ever the fighter, dealt with urinary problems for several years. A special diet and low-stress life helped him a lot, but he still had to be hospitalized multiple times due to blockages. This was not what was his undoing, however. He began vomiting with increasing frequency and losing weight rapidly. He was taken to the vet where it was discovered through a barium swallow that he had pyloric stenosis, a narrowing of the opening at the bottom of the stomach. I was startled when I saw the x-ray and realized how small the opening really was: less than one quarter of an inch in diameter. No wonder he's been having so many issues! His own body was starving him. We changed his diet to try to get some weight on him so that he could make it through the required surgical fix. He was eating kitten food, due to the hope that the high caloric content would make it more likely he would get enough nutrients trickling through. He perked up and seemed to regain some of his vigor.
Then, we woke up one day to find Albus's ears tinged yellow. After rushing him to the vet, our fears were confirmed. He was jaundiced. He had also lost more weight, a half pound in a little over a week, taking him down to 10.2 pounds. Being a big cat, he was scrawny. You could feel most of his bones. The vet deduced that he had feline hepatic lipidosis (a fatty liver), which is caused by sudden weight loss. Hepatic lipidosis has a fairly good recovery rate with proper treatment, which involves getting a lot of food into the cat so that their body stops using fat as an energy source. Tube feeding is often necessary.
We had a very lengthy discussion, asked the vet numerous questions, and had a good cry. Considering everything surrounding Albus' pyloric stenosis, including the fact that the liquid from the barium swallow stayed in his stomach for four hours before they could get a good x-ray of it trickling through the constriction, it didn't look like the treatment for the fatty liver would work. Without proper treatment, hepatic lipidosis does not have a very high survival rate, and he was already weak from the weight loss. Even if he did somehow make it through that hurdle, there was still the pyloric stenosis, and if he continued losing weight at the rate he had, it wouldn't be long before that did him in. Being so weak, he probably wouldn't make it through an attempt at surgery to alleviate the constriction. It seemed like his own body was against him. We decided he had suffered enough.
It was March 14th. He was thirteen.
|Ashe and his half brother Jen, who treated him like a matress
He was eighteen. He was a lap cat. I love lap cats.
|Ashe begging for attention while he still lived with me.
|New Years 2014
|In better days, 2007
|His ear tips started drooping as he lost weight. Ginny, his housemate, is still doing well to this day.
|In his last week
We had a very lengthy discussion, asked the vet numerous questions, and had a good cry. Considering everything surrounding Albus' pyloric stenosis, including the fact that the liquid from the barium swallow stayed in his stomach for four hours before they could get a good x-ray of it trickling through the constriction, it didn't look like the treatment for the fatty liver would work. Without proper treatment, hepatic lipidosis does not have a very high survival rate, and he was already weak from the weight loss. Even if he did somehow make it through that hurdle, there was still the pyloric stenosis, and if he continued losing weight at the rate he had, it wouldn't be long before that did him in. Being so weak, he probably wouldn't make it through an attempt at surgery to alleviate the constriction. It seemed like his own body was against him. We decided he had suffered enough.
It was March 14th. He was thirteen.
I miss snuggling with him.
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Renewable Energy Systems for Businesses and Municipalities
Businesses and municipalities across Pennsylvania are discovering that solar and other renewable energy systems are not just good for the environment—they are good financial investments as well. Incentives, rebates, and paybacks associated with alternative energy systems ensure optimal returns on your investments. In addition, renewable energy systems provide you with energy independence, offering protection from utility rate hikes and increases.
Alternative energy sources include renewable electricity generation from the sun and wind and heating/cooling derived from the sun and geothermal. Envinity taylors renewable energy systems to your individual environment and needs. Ask us how installation of a renewable energy system for your business can qualify you for a 30% tax credit.
Solar Power
Solar Power, or photovoltaic (PV), is the conversion of the sun's energy in electricity through solar panels.
Solar Thermal
Solar water heaters convert the sun's energy into heat and solar energy for heated water.
Energy engineers will collaborate with your organization to design a renewable energy system that will maximize your return on investment.
Geothermal pumps, also called ground-source heat pumps, use the Earth's natural temperature to heat and cool a home or commercial building.


text: New Obama Hire Podesta Compares Republicans to Death Cult - Apologizes Print article Send a Tip by John Nolte 18 Dec 2013 post a comment Forget the fact that Jim Jones was a San Francisco liberal who practiced "apostolic socialism." the latest high-profile hire by our unifying president is quoted comparing the GOP to a death cult. Politico's Glenn Thrush reports that new White House advisor John Podesta believes that Obama is up against "a cult worthy of Jonestown," meaning of course Republicans. Via his verified Twitter account, Podesta apologized Wednesday: -- In an old interview, my snark got in front of my judgment. I apologize to Speaker Boehner, whom I have always respected. — John Podesta (@johnpodesta) December 18, 2013 -- What we have here is yet one more misstep by an Obama Administration collapsing under the weight of its own incompetence. With his health care program self-destructing, Obama has built no positive legacy. With only three years left in his presidency, Obama has to get something done if he's going to salvage that legacy. Podesta's skill is the flexing of presidential power through executive action. But Obama has already drained that well pretty dry. Obama's only real hope is to work on Big Things with a Republican Party that is almost certain to hold the House through 2016 and may even capture the Senate. Hiring a toxic partisan like Podesta is a terrible move, and already House Speaker John Boehner has made his disappointment known: Earlier Wednesday, a Boehner (R-Ohio) spokesman noted the [death cult] quote and said it speaks volumes about Podesta's hiring. "If this is the attitude of the new White House, it's hard to see how the president gets anything done again," Boehner spokesman Brendan Buck told Roll Call. Since his days in the Clinton White House straight through to his work with the Center for American Progress (which helped launch Media Matters), Podesta is known primarily as a bitter, divisive partisan. Apparently, President Obama doesn't think there are enough of those in his White House. Follow John Nolte on Twitter @NolteNC


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November 27, 2014
November 7, 2005
After today, it may cost you more to have your dog unleashed. The Albemarle County Board of Supervisors agreed to raise the fine in certain county neighborhoods where leash laws are allowed.
Josie Perrone rarely lets her dog Frankie run free.
"There are a lot of big dogs in the neighborhood. I would feel safer if he he's closer to me," said Perrone.
It's not only safer to keep your dog leashed, in certain parts of Albemarle county it's the law. Until today, violators only had to pay $25 but now they could pay up to $250.
"We have people that are repeat offenders on this having dogs run at large and the $25 fee is just not deterring them from making sure their dogs aren't running at large," said Suzanne Kogut, Executive Director of the Charlottesville SPCA.
The $25 fine also isn't even enough to cover the cost of animal control coming out to fine the owner or the cost of housing the dog until the owner can pick them up.
"The $250 fee will provide more of an impact and it will make a difference," said Kogut.
Albemarle County officials think the hike will encourage owners to keep their dogs on a tight leash, but is $250 a little much?
"I think the fine is a little excessive, I would be more concerned about enforcement. Are people really going to be able to enforce the laws?" asked Perrone.
Officials agree animals laws are never easy to enforce, but they say that doesn't mean you don't have to follow them and the heftier fine is a sure fire way to get peoples attention.
"If [repeat offenders] have three dogs, and it's costing them $750, those three dogs won't be running at large again," said Kogut.
It's a misdemeanor to have your dog unleashed and once an owner is convicted, it's up to the judge to assign the exact fine.
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Forever locked in a struggle to keep his berserker fury in check, his humanity dominant, the mutant known as Logan craves more than just control. He is a man without a past, on a never-ending journey to uncover the truth about himself. Regardless of whethere he succeeds or not, this X-Man will never give up, for he is...Wolverine, short guy with an attitude. COLLECTING: WOLVERINE 24-47
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Nashville International Airport
Minister Wanted In Wife's Death Arrested While Trying To Flee Country
An Alabama minister wanted for murder in his wife's stabbing death has been arrested at the Nashville International Airport trying to leave the country.
NTSB Probes Plane Crash Undiscovered For Hours
The National Transportation Safety Board said Wednesday it is investigating whether dense fog played a role in the deadly crash of a small plane at a Tennessee airport, where the wreckage went undiscovered for several hours.
Air Marshal Accused Of Taking Photos Under Skirts
A federal air marshal has been arrested and accused of taking cellphone photographs underneath women's skirts as they boarded a plane at Nashville International Airport.


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When selecting turf for North Texas properties the first consideration should be drought tolerance. In addition to the watering requirements, you must consider the location and the amount of sunlight and shade the grass will receive. The most popular grasses are St. Augustine, Bermuda, and Zoysia.
Many North Texas cities have watering restrictions, which apply to the use of hose−end sprinklers or automatic irrigation systems on both commercial and residential properties. What can you do to keep the landscaping on your property looking good?
City of Dallas Water Conservation and Richland College are sponsoring a FREE irrigation workshop with local experts who will show you the ways you can maintain and perform simple repairs on your irrigation system.
As you prepare your property for spring, you may have questions about basic landscaping tasks. We recently received a great question about one of spring's most important landscaping tasks: applying mulch.
What can you do if you see signs of Rose Rosette Disease in you roses?
Roses can be susceptible to certain diseases and pests. This year we are seeing an increase in the occurrence of Rose Rosette Disease.


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A generation ago, Madeleine Kamman made culinary history with the publication of The Making of a Cook. The first of its kind, her book gave not just the ingredients and instructions for preparing dishes but explained the precise reasons for following her directions. Kamman also gave the reader her philosophy of cooking: pair the freshest ingredients available in America with classic French techniques to achieve perfection in cooking. The Making of a Cook became an instant classic and was used as the textbook in many cooking schools and as a learning tool in homes across America.
The updated editon of Kamman's classic, The New Making of a Cook, features more then 650 recipes and 200 instructional line drawings, as well as information on food chemistry, kitchen equipment, ingredients, and using wine. Kamman's straightforward, intelligent, and eminently readable style makes The New Making of a Cook a necessity in every kitchen, culinary school, and cookbook library in America.
All Books
First Person
The secret sharer
A father's legacy
The Culinate Interview
Mollie Katzen
The vegetarian-cooking pioneer
Down South
Barbecue, tamales, cocktails, and more
Local Flavors
A winter romesco sauce
Good on everything


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Local Markets To Buy Organic Food In Charlotte
Charlotte's consumers are becoming more aware of what they eat and want more organic and local nutritious options. While Whole Foods, Trader Joe's and even Wal-Mart offer organic products for Charlotte customers, these stores and markets are local to the Charlotte region and sell a wide variety of organic food.
Atherton Mill and Market
Adjacent to the Lynx light rail, the Atherton Mill and Market gives local farmers, artisans and artists a space to sell their products. The market operates on Tuesday through Saturday, and customers can find a wide array of organic products, try different samples and interact with vendors on a very intimate level. For example, Cloister Honey, LLC sells raw, natural honey produced in Charlotte, NC.
Harris Teeter, Inc
With over 200 stores in eight states and the District of Columbia, the Matthews, NC-based Harris Teeter, Inc. has its own line of organic products, called Harris Teeter Naturals. The grocery store also makes organic products easily identifiable with a purple organic sticker. Throughout the year, it also sells organic and local produce, depending on the season for the desired product.
Earth Fare
Based out of Asheville, NC, Earth Fare supports local with local produce, local animals products and local supplementary items. Every store's supply is sourced uniquely within a 100-mile radius. Earth Fare features family-owned farms or artisanal companies because it believes in the power of small, local businesses. In addition, Earth Farm does not sell items that have artificial qualities to them, such as artificial sweeteners and flavors and animal products with antibiotics or synthetic-growth hormones. Earth Fare also had a delicious salad bar that is a great place for lunch.
Charlotte Farmers Market
Operating year-round but with significantly more selection in the summer months, the farmers' market off of Yorkmont Road offers some of the best selection of local and organic items for the Charlotte area. Housed beneath two vast open-air roofs, vendors set up their sections early in the morning until early afternoon. To ensure quality produce amidst summertime crowds, you should arrive early to have the best selection of fruits and vegetables. In the fall and winter season, less people go to this market but Christmas greenery and decor is available.
Matthews Community Farmers' Market
Situated in the historic downtown of Matthews, NC, this jewel of a farmers' market serves the Charlotte community year-round with limited hours in the winter season. Almost weekly, the market features cooking demonstrations and lessons from various local chefs and restaurants. Many organic products can be found and a list of vendors is available on the website.
You May Also Be Interested In These Stories
- Study: World On The Brink Of A 'Sixth Great Extinction'
- Farm To Table: The Who's Who Of The Culinary Scene
- Great Green Inventions From The Past 10 Years
- Going Green Without Spending The Green
Isabel Sepkowitz is a freelance writer. She is an environmentalist who values sustainability, education, and innovation for the emerging green economy. Her work can be found on Examiner.com.


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Kate Middleton's Best Outfits of 2012
Between her travels through Asia and first pregnancy, Kate Middleton had quite the big year in 2012. Naturally, she still found plenty of time to be stylish! Check out her best looks!
Fancy Florals
Looking like royalty as usual, the Duchess showed off her sophisticated side in a pretty floral dress.
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New resident joins Port Royal council
When Port Royal expanded through a boundary adjustment, it was also made possible for Phyllis Carpenter to serve on the Town Council.
So this week, the council appointed Carpenter to fill the vacant seat of Bill Wick, who resigned earlier this year to become the town manager.
Carpenter will finish Wick's term, which ends on Jan. 20, 2015.
Carpenter formerly lived outside the town. But thanks to the town's expansion, she is a new resident. The boundary line adjustment grew the town from 78 acres to nearly 500 acres on July 1.
"I personally have known Phyllis Sue for a very long time and think she is terrific and will make a wonderful contribution to the council," Wick said in an email.
Carpenter owns several acres of land and has a history with Port Royal and Caroline County.
She was a teacher for 30 years, and ran a bed and breakfast for 10 years. She was also a Caroline County election officer for 10 years.
"I just would like to see if I could be of any value, maybe a different perspective on things going on there," Carpenter said in an interview.
She said she has fresh ideas for the town and that there are a lot of new avenues open with the boundary line adjustment.
The town has fewer than 200 residents, but it has a seven-member town council, including a mayor.
"I have a lot to learn," she said. "I just want to give good judgement and offer my opinions on things. I will certainly research issues and do whatever they ask of me to do."
If she wants to run on the November ballot to remain on the council past January, she'll have to win by a write-in vote.
Robyn Sidersky 540/374-5413
Permalink: http://news.fredericksburg.com/newsdesk/2014/07/25/new-resident-joins-port-royal-council/


text: AUGUST 2014 – Lemonade and Cookie stand by NYC Kids raised $126.50 for the Bryan Breen Foundation's youth leadership program! Thank you to these very generous young fundraisers for donating 100% of their proceeds! We are very proud of their kindness. YOU CAN enter our Summer Lemonade Stand contest to raise the most funds!